Split (1)

test · 3.61k rows

interaction_id stringlengths 6 9	query stringlengths 26 101	query_time stringclasses 1 value	answer listlengths 1 23	alt_ans listlengths 0 0	domain stringclasses 1 value	question_type stringclasses 1 value	static_or_dynamic stringclasses 1 value	search_results listlengths 0 0	retrieved_chunks listlengths 50 50
test_3400	who founded mission nuestra senora de la soledad?	n/a	[ "the Franciscan order", "Fermín Francisco de Lasuén" ]	[]	n/a	n/a	n/a	[]	[ { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18289422", "chunk_text": "\"Mission Nuestra Señora de la Soledad\"\nMission Nuestra Señora de la Soledad Mission Nuestra Señora de la Soledad, known colloquially as the Soledad Mission or Mission Soledad, is a Spanish mission located near the present-day town of Soledad, California. The mission was founded by the Franciscan order on October 9, 1791 to convert the Native Americans living in the area to Catholicism. It was the thirteenth of California's Spanish missions, and is named for Mary, Our Lady of Solitude. The town of Soledad is named for the mission. After the 1835 secularization of the mission and the later sale of building materials, the mission fell into", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 0 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7033701", "chunk_text": "\"Mission Nuestra Señora de la Soledad\"\nCatholic chapel and public museum. Mission Nuestra Señora de la Soledad Mission Nuestra Señora de la Soledad, known colloquially as the Soledad Mission or Mission Soledad, is a Spanish mission located near the present-day town of Soledad, California. The mission was founded by the Franciscan order on October 9, 1791 to convert the Native Americans living in the area to Catholicism. It was the thirteenth of California's Spanish missions, and is named for Mary, Our Lady of Solitude. The town of Soledad is named for the mission. After the 1835 secularization of the mission and the later sale of building", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 1 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18289423", "chunk_text": "\"Mission Nuestra Señora de la Soledad\"\na state of disrepair and soon after was left in ruins. A restoration project began in 1954 and a new chapel was dedicated in 1955. The chapel now functions as a chapel of Our Lady of Solitude, a parish church of the Diocese of Monterey. The priests' residence was later recreated, and functions as a museum. Mission Nuestra Señora de la Soledad, \"\"La Misión de María Santísima, Nuestra Señora Dolorosísima de la Soledad\"\", was founded October 9, 1791 by Fermín Francisco de Lasuén, the 13th of 21 missions in California. The Chalon, a subgroup of the Ohlone were converted and", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 2 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8943181", "chunk_text": "\"Soledad, California\"\nSoledad, California Soledad is a city in Monterey County, California, United States. Soledad is located southeast of Salinas, at an elevation of 190 feet (58 m). The population was 25,738 at the 2010 census. The town is located near the Spanish mission, Mission Nuestra Señora de la Soledad (the mission of Our Lady of Solitude), founded October 9, 1791 by Fermín Francisco de Lasuén, the 13th of 21 missions in California. The town's name comes from the mission. Soledad is seated at the heart of one of the most economically productive and technologically advanced agricultural regions in the world; hence,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 3 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18914093", "chunk_text": "\"Mission Nuestra Señora del Rosario\"\nMission Nuestra Señora del Rosario Mission Nuestra Señora del Rosario was established in November 1754 by Spanish Franciscan missionary Father Juan de Dios Camberos to bring Christianity to the indigenous Karankawa people. At its peak, the mission owned a herd of 5,000 cattle, but mismanagement, lack of administrative support and resistance from the Karankawa led to the gradual decline of the mission. At the mission, the Karankawa were expected to adhere to a schedule of religious instruction, technical education and manual labor, however, few Karankawa would abandon their religion and culture and left the mission. The architectural details of Mission", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 4 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8943201", "chunk_text": "\"Soledad, California\"\nis Salinas Valley State Prison, which opened in 1996. Soledad, California Soledad is a city in Monterey County, California, United States. Soledad is located southeast of Salinas, at an elevation of 190 feet (58 m). The population was 25,738 at the 2010 census. The town is located near the Spanish mission, Mission Nuestra Señora de la Soledad (the mission of Our Lady of Solitude), founded October 9, 1791 by Fermín Francisco de Lasuén, the 13th of 21 missions in California. The town's name comes from the mission. Soledad is seated at the heart of one of the most economically productive", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 5 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19133641", "chunk_text": "\"Rancho Ex-Mission Soledad\"\npetitioned to have the mother declared incompetent. Rancho Ex-Mission Soledad Rancho Ex-Mission Soledad was a Mexican land grant in the Salinas Valley, in present-day Monterey County, California. It was given in 1845 by Governor Pío Pico to Feliciano Soberanes. The grant derives its name from the secularized Mission Nuestra Señora de la Soledad, but was called ex-Mission because of a division made of the lands held in the name of the Mission — the church retaining the grounds immediately around, and all of the lands outside of this are called ex-Mission lands. The grant was adjacent Mission Soledad, west of", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 6 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18914094", "chunk_text": "\"Mission Nuestra Señora del Rosario\"\nRosario are lost, but archaeologists believe the building consisted of a chapel, sacristy, bell tower and residence. Soldiers from nearby Presidio La Bahía most likely guarded the mission to protect it from threats. Mission Nuestra Señora del Rosario Mission Nuestra Señora del Rosario was established in November 1754 by Spanish Franciscan missionary Father Juan de Dios Camberos to bring Christianity to the indigenous Karankawa people. At its peak, the mission owned a herd of 5,000 cattle, but mismanagement, lack of administrative support and resistance from the Karankawa led to the gradual decline of the mission. At the mission, the Karankawa", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 7 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20282469", "chunk_text": "\"Rancho Ex-Mission Soledad\"\nRancho Ex-Mission Soledad Rancho Ex-Mission Soledad was a Mexican land grant in the Salinas Valley, in present-day Monterey County, California. It was given in 1845 by Governor Pío Pico to Feliciano Soberanes. The grant derives its name from the secularized Mission Nuestra Señora de la Soledad, but was called ex-Mission because of a division made of the lands held in the name of the Mission — the church retaining the grounds immediately around, and all of the lands outside of this are called ex-Mission lands. The grant was adjacent Mission Soledad, west of the Salinas River and Soledad. The Soberanes", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 8 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7033700", "chunk_text": "\"Mission Nuestra Señora de la Soledad\"\nPico sold the mission for a reported $800), the remaining buildings were looted for supplies. In 1954, when the Mission Soledad restoration was begun, only piles of adobe dirt and a few wall sections from the \"\"cuadrángulo\"\" (quadrangle) remained. The chapel was reconstructed and dedicated under the auspices of the Native Daughters of the Golden West on October 9, 1955. The ruins of the quadrangle, cemetery, and some of the outer rooms, while not restored, can still be seen. Governor Arrillaga's grave was identified and given a new marker. The Mission Nuestra Señora de la Soledad is now a functioning", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 9 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7033699", "chunk_text": "\"Mission Nuestra Señora de la Soledad\"\nmade to work and live there, followed by Esselen and Yokut people. By 1803, there were 627 Mission Indians at Mission Soledad. At the Mission many Chalon married local Esselen speakers, while others married Yokuts were brought into the mission between 1806 and 1834. The mission's herds numbered 1,150 cattle, about 5,000 sheep, 30 swine, 670 horses and 40 mules. Spanish Governor José Joaquín de Arrillaga was buried in the chapel after he died on July 24, 1814 during a visit to the Mission. The mission was inundated by floods in 1824, 1828, and 1832, and following secularization (when Pio", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 10 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3579545", "chunk_text": "\"USNS Mission Soledad\"\nUSNS Mission Soledad SS \"\"Mission Soledad\"\" was a Type T2-SE-A2 tanker built for the United States Maritime Commission during World War II. After the war she was acquired by the United States Navy as USS \"\"Mission Soledad\"\" (AO-136). Later the tanker transferred to the Military Sea Transportation Service as USNS \"\"Mission Soledad\"\" (T-AO-136). She was a member of the and was named for Mission Nuestra Señora de la Soledad, located in Soledad, California. \"\"Mission Soledad\"\" was laid down 12 July 1943 under a Maritime Commission contract by Marine Ship Corporation, Sausalito, California; launched 28 September 1943; sponsored by Mrs. Atholl", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 11 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8943183", "chunk_text": "\"Soledad, California\"\nVineyard, and Graff Family Vineyards. The original community of Soledad was founded as a Spanish mission October 9, 1791 by Fermín Lasuén, and founded under the rule of the Viceroyalty of New Spain (\"\"Virreinato de Nueva España\"\") 1535 to 1821. The Soledad post office opened in 1869. The current community of Soledad in 1874 had a few buildings and shops. The two main streets were named Front and Main. In 1886, land was subdivided into lots and sold by its owners, the Munras family. In the late 1880s the Southern Pacific Railroad laid rails and began serving the area. In", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 12 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11586702", "chunk_text": "\"Misión de Nuestra Señora de Loreto Conchó\"\nwere virtually extinct. Misión de Nuestra Señora de Loreto Conchó Misión de Nuestra Señora de Loreto Conchó, or Mission Loreto, was founded on October 25, 1697 at the Monqui Native American (Indian) settlement of Conchó in the present city of Loreto, Baja California Sur, Mexico. Established by the Catholic Church's Jesuit missionary Juan María de Salvatierra, Loreto was the first successful mission and Spanish town in Baja California. The mission is located at . The mission closed in 1829. The Mission Church survives and is located in downtown Loreto. After Hernán Cortés' initial failed 1535 attempt to found a colony", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 13 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11694773", "chunk_text": "\"Juan María de Salvatierra\"\nProvince, to found the Spanish missions in Baja California chain. With one small boat's crew and six soldiers, Salvatierra landed on 15 October 1697 at Bahía Concepción, on the coast of the Baja Peninsula, and a few days later, on 19 October, he laid the foundation of Misión Nuestra Señora de Loreto, the first of the Baja California missions, which he dedicated to Our Lady of Loreto, his special patroness through life. For a time he acted as priest, captain, sentry, and cook, besides studying the languages from a vocabulary prepared by earlier Jesuit missionaries Father Kino and Father Juan", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 14 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11586691", "chunk_text": "\"Misión de Nuestra Señora de Loreto Conchó\"\nMisión de Nuestra Señora de Loreto Conchó Misión de Nuestra Señora de Loreto Conchó, or Mission Loreto, was founded on October 25, 1697 at the Monqui Native American (Indian) settlement of Conchó in the present city of Loreto, Baja California Sur, Mexico. Established by the Catholic Church's Jesuit missionary Juan María de Salvatierra, Loreto was the first successful mission and Spanish town in Baja California. The mission is located at . The mission closed in 1829. The Mission Church survives and is located in downtown Loreto. After Hernán Cortés' initial failed 1535 attempt to found a colony in the Bay", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 15 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1305668", "chunk_text": "\"Baja California Sur\"\nnamed the Santa Cruz Port and Valley. This event is celebrated in La Paz as its founding. However, he did not remain. Despite various explorations, the remoteness of the region impeded efforts at colonization until the 17th century. In 1697, Jesuit missionary Juan María de Salvatierra established the Nuestra Señora de Loreto Conchó Mission, the first permanent one of its kind in Baja California Sur. From there the order spread through most of the current state, founding sixteen missions in territory of the current state to work among the Pericú, Guaycura and Cochimí peoples. During the 18th century, more colonists", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 16 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7031084", "chunk_text": "\"Mission San Buenaventura\"\nthe first church burned down. Today, only a small section of the entire mission complex still stands; the cemetery to the left of the church is covered by a school. It took the neophytes 16 years to build the new church, which still functions as a parish church of the Archdiocese of Los Angeles. The founding of the San Buenaventura Mission traces to the decision on Palm Sunday, March 30, 1749 by the Franciscan priest Junipero Serra to journey to the New World as a missionary to the native peoples. Thirty-three years and one day later he raised the Cross", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 17 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7031083", "chunk_text": "\"Mission San Buenaventura\"\nMission San Buenaventura Mission San Buenaventura is a Spanish mission founded by the Franciscans in present-day Ventura, California. Founded on March 31, 1782, it was the ninth Spanish mission established in California and the last to be established by Father Junípero Serra. The mission was named after Saint Bonaventure, a 13th century Franciscan saint and Doctor of the Church. The mission is located in the historic downtown of Ventura. Mission San Buenaventura was planned to be founded in 1770, but the founding was delayed because of the low availability of the military escorts needed to establish the mission. In 1793,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 18 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4386266", "chunk_text": "\"Spanish missions in California\"\nwith a few government officials) sought refuge at Mission Nuestra Señora de la Soledad, the mission chain's most isolated outpost. Ironically, Mission Santa Cruz (though ultimately ignored by the marauders) was ignominiously sacked and vandalized by local residents who were entrusted with securing the church's valuables. By 1819, Spain decided to limit its \"\"reach\"\" in the New World to Northern California due to the costs involved in sustaining these remote outposts; the northernmost settlement therefore is Mission San Francisco Solano, founded in Sonoma in 1823. An attempt to found a twenty-second mission in Santa Rosa in 1827 was aborted. In", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 19 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17950156", "chunk_text": "\"Junípero Serra\"\nof Fray Junípero called \"\"The call of Junipero\"\", and although the Catholic Church had no intervention during the process of creating the film, the vision that the film offers coincides with that of the Church. Junípero Serra Saint Junípero Serra y Ferrer, O.F.M., (; , ) (November 24, 1713August 28, 1784) was a Roman Catholic Spanish priest and friar of the Franciscan Order who founded a mission in Baja California and the first nine of 21 Spanish missions in California from San Diego to San Francisco, in what was then Alta California in the Province of Las Californias, New Spain.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 20 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17949469", "chunk_text": "\"Junípero Serra\"\nJunípero Serra Saint Junípero Serra y Ferrer, O.F.M., (; , ) (November 24, 1713August 28, 1784) was a Roman Catholic Spanish priest and friar of the Franciscan Order who founded a mission in Baja California and the first nine of 21 Spanish missions in California from San Diego to San Francisco, in what was then Alta California in the Province of Las Californias, New Spain. Serra was beatified by Pope John Paul II on September 25, 1988, in the Vatican City. Pope Francis canonised him on September 23, 2015, at the Basilica of the National Shrine of the Immaculate Conception", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 21 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1410521", "chunk_text": "\"Mission Nuestra Señora del Espíritu Santo de Zúñiga\"\nMission Nuestra Señora del Espíritu Santo de Zúñiga Mission Nuestra Señora del Espíritu Santo de Zúñiga, also known as Aranama Mission or Mission La Bahia, was a Roman Catholic mission established by Spain in 1722 in the Viceroyality of New Spain—to convert native Karankawa Indians to Christianity. Together with its nearby military fortress, Presidio La Bahia, the mission upheld Spanish territorial claims in the New World against encroachment from France. The third and final location near Goliad, Texas is maintained now as part of Goliad State Park and Historic Site. Established on 1722 on Matagorda Bay near La Salle's Fort", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 22 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4386225", "chunk_text": "\"Spanish missions in California\"\nstrayed from the coast when establishing their settlements; Mission Nuestra Señora de la Soledad was located farthest inland, being only some thirty miles (48 kilometers) from the shore. Each frontier station was forced to be self-supporting, as existing means of supply were inadequate to maintain a colony of any size. California was months away from the nearest base in colonized Mexico, and the cargo ships of the day were too small to carry more than a few months’ rations in their holds. To sustain a mission, the \"\"padres\"\" required converted Native Americans, called \"\"neophytes\"\", to cultivate crops and tend livestock", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 23 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5870402", "chunk_text": "\"Antonio de Olivares\"\nAntonio de Olivares Antonio de San Buenaventura y Olivares or simply Fray Antonio de Olivares (1630 - 1722) was a Spanish Franciscan who officiated at the first Catholic mass celebrated in Texas, and he was known for contributing to the founding of San Antonio and to the prior exploration of the area. He founded, among other missions, the famous Alamo Mission in San Antonio, the Presidio San Antonio de Bexar, and the Acequia Madre de Valero. Antonio de San Buenaventura y Olivares was born in Moguer, Andalusia, Spain in 1630 and studied at the Franciscan convent of San Francisco de", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 24 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13954607", "chunk_text": "\"Pinal de Amoles Municipality\"\nto the Escanela River. It is the second largest community in the municipality with 1,366 residents. Its economy is based on services and commerce. Ahuacatlán also has several hotels and restaurants. The mission of Nuestra Señora de Guadalupe was founded in 1691 by Friar Felipe de Galindo of the Dominican order, and dedicated to the Virgin of Guadalupe. Its first missionary was Esteban López of the same order. It was handed over to regular clergy in 1756. The current building dates from 1886, sa the original one was destroyed while under repair, uch like the church at San Pedro Escanela.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 25 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14371102", "chunk_text": "\"Socorro Mission\"\nSocorro Mission The original Franciscan mission, Nuestra Señora de la Concepción del Socorro, was founded in 1682 by the Franciscan order, to serve displaced Spaniard families, American Indians (the Piro, Tano and Jemez) from New Mexico, who fled the central New Mexico region during the Pueblo Revolt. The present Socorro Mission was constructed around 1840 to replace an earlier 18th-century mission destroyed in 1829 by flooding of the Rio Grande. The mission, constructed of adobe surfaced with stucco, is particularly notable for its interior. The finely painted and decorated beams, or vigas, are from the 18th-century mission and were reused", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 26 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17966055", "chunk_text": "\"Mission Nuestra Señora del Espíritu Santo de Zúñiga\"\nof Historic Places on August 22, 1977. The park is currently operated by the Texas Parks and Wildlife Department. Mission Nuestra Señora del Espíritu Santo de Zúñiga Mission Nuestra Señora del Espíritu Santo de Zúñiga, also known as Aranama Mission or Mission La Bahia, was a Roman Catholic mission established by Spain in 1722 in the Viceroyality of New Spain—to convert native Karankawa Indians to Christianity. Together with its nearby military fortress, Presidio La Bahia, the mission upheld Spanish territorial claims in the New World against encroachment from France. The third and final location near Goliad, Texas is maintained now", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 27 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10676962", "chunk_text": "\"Spanish missions in Texas\"\nThe mission remained open until 1773. Mission San Antonio de Valero was established on May 1, 1718, as the first Spanish mission along the San Antonio River. It was named for San Antonio de Padua, the patron saint of the mission's founder, Father Antonio de Olivares as well as for the viceroy of New Spain, the Marquis de Valero. The mission later became known as the Alamo. Its first location was west of San Pedro Springs, and after being moved several times, it was finally established above a bend in the San Antonio River, where it would be easy to", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 28 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2998495", "chunk_text": "\"Mission Nuestra Señora de los Ángeles de Porciúncula de los Pecos\"\nMission Nuestra Señora de los Ángeles de Porciúncula de los Pecos The Mission Nuestra Señora de los Ángeles de Porciúncula (\"\"Mission of Our Lady of the Angels of Porciúncula\"\") was a mission that served the people of the Pecos Pueblo, near modern Pecos, New Mexico, from sometime around 1619. The first church at the Pecos Pueblo was probably built by the Franciscan Fray Pedro Zambrano Ortiz by 1619, an isolated building on a narrow ridge about northeast of the pueblo's main quadrangle. The people of the pueblo would not allow construction of a church closer to their dwellings. In 1625,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 29 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8349078", "chunk_text": "\"Puerto Soledad\"\nPuerto Soledad Puerto Soledad (\"\"Puerto de Nuestra Señora de la Soledad\"\", ) was a Spanish military outpost and penal colony on the Falkland Islands, situated at an inner cove of Berkeley Sound (, ). The settlement was established as a French colony under the name \"\"Port Saint Louis\"\" in 1764, and within a year reached a population of 75 (most of them Acadians), with three marriages and two births recorded (once of the births was François Benoit in 1764, son of Agustin Benoit and Françoise Thériault. Sébastien died in 1839, Bay St. George, Newfoundland) – apparently the first ever in", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 30 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9539022", "chunk_text": "\"Mission San Juan Capistrano\"\n\"\"Arroyo de la Quema\"\" and \"\"Cañada del Incendio\"\", \"\"Wildfire Hollow\"\"). In early 1775, Don Antonio María de Bucareli y Ursúa, Viceroy of New Spain, authorized the establishment of a mission at a logical halfway point between Mission San Diego de Alcalá and Mission San Gabriel Arcángel. By that time, the site was already known by the name of its patron saint, \"\"San Juan Capistrano\"\". At the proposed site, located approximately 26 \"\"leguas\"\" (Spanish Leagues) north of San Diego, 18 leagues south of San Gabriel, and half a league from the Pacific Ocean, an \"\"enramada\"\" (arbor) was constructed, two bronze bells", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 31 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16936267", "chunk_text": "\"Mission Santa Inés\"\nMission Santa Inés Mission Santa Inés (sometimes spelled Santa Ynez) was a Spanish mission in the present-day city of Solvang, California, and named after St. Agnes of Rome. Founded on September 17, 1804 by Father Estévan Tapís of the Franciscan order, the mission site was chosen as a midway point between Mission Santa Barbara and Mission La Purísima Concepción, and was designed to relieve overcrowding at those two missions and to serve the Indians living east of the Coast Range. The mission was home to the first learning institution in Alta California and today serves as a museum as well", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 32 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10782984", "chunk_text": "\"Rancho Nuestra Señora del Refugio\"\nRancho Nuestra Señora del Refugio The Rancho Nuestra Señora del Refugio was a Spanish land grant to José Francisco Ortega in 1794 and is the only land grant made under Spanish rule in what is today Santa Barbara County, California. A Mexican title was granted to Antonio Maria Ortega in 1834 by Mexican Governor José Figueroa. The grant extended along the Pacific coast from Cojo Canyon east of Point Conception, past Arroyo Hondo and Tajiguas Canyon, to Refugio Canyon, and encompassed much of the Gaviota Coast. The first European visitors to California were Spanish maritime explorers led by Juan Rodríguez", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 33 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7022786", "chunk_text": "\"Mission San Carlos Borromeo de Carmelo\"\nfor Junipero Serra Elementary School. In 1946, the ruin on the east side of the quadrangle that had been the original padre's kitchen and a blacksmith shop was rebuilt. It is used today as a chapel. Downie also consulted on the restoration of the missions that are considered the most authentic, including San Luis Obispo, San Juan Bautista, and San Buenaventura. He also helped the Native Daughters of the Golden West to reconstruct Mission Soledad. He was knighted by Pope Pius and by King Juan Carlos of Spain. In 1960, the mission was designated as a minor basilica by Pope", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 34 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7045905", "chunk_text": "\"Mission San Gabriel Arcángel\"\nMission San Gabriel Arcángel Mission San Gabriel Arcángel () is a fully functioning Roman Catholic mission and a historic landmark in San Gabriel, California. The settlement was founded by Spaniards of the Franciscan order on \"\"The Feast of the Birth of Mary,\"\" September 8, 1771, as the fourth of what would become 21 Spanish missions in California. San Gabriel Arcángel, named after the Archangel Gabriel and often referred to as the \"\"Godmother of the Pueblo of Los Angeles\"\", was designed by Antonio Cruzado, who hailed from Córdoba, Spain. Cruzado gave the building its strong Moorish architectural influence. The capped buttresses", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 35 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13174065", "chunk_text": "\"Soledad, California\"\n1898 Fort Romie was founded a few miles north of the mission and west of the city. San Vicente School was built in 1913 forming the Soledad School District. The City, a general law city, incorporated in March 1921 with a City Council/City Manager form of government. The city's name comes from the mission Mission Nuestra Señora de la Soledad. Soledad is used as a backdrop in John Steinbeck's 1937 novel \"\"Of Mice and Men\"\", a novella about two friends who work on a California farm. Soledad was chosen as the setting, because \"\"soledad\"\" is Spanish for 'solitude', a recurring", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 36 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8076873", "chunk_text": "\"Misión Nuestra Señora del Santísimo Rosario de Viñadaco\"\nMisión Nuestra Señora del Santísimo Rosario de Viñadaco Mission El Rosario was the first Dominican mission in Baja California, established in 1774 by Vicente Mora and Francisco Galisteo near the modern town of El Rosario. When the Dominicans took over the mission field of Baja California from the Franciscans in 1773, the missions in the central and southern parts of the peninsula were in evident decline, as their Indian populations dwindled under the impact of Old World diseases. However, the northern portion of the peninsula, only recently reconnoitered by Gaspar de Portolá and Junipero Serra, had much more potential. The", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 37 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15519042", "chunk_text": "\"Mission Concepcion\"\nsuch a way that an \"\"annual double solar illumination event\"\" occurs every year on or around August 15, the feast day of the Assumption of Mary. Mission Concepcion Franciscan friars established Mission Nuestra Señora de la Purísima Concepción de Acuña (also Mission Concepcion) in 1716 as Nuestra Señora de la Purísima Concepción de los Hainais in East Texas. The mission was originally meant to be a base for converting the Hasinai to Catholicism and teaching them what they needed to know to become Spanish citizens. The friars moved the mission in 1731 to San Antonio. After its relocation most of", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 38 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11586699", "chunk_text": "\"Misión de Nuestra Señora de Loreto Conchó\"\ncontinued to be the headquarters for missionaries. even after the Jesuits were expelled from Baja California and replaced, first by the Franciscans in 1768 and then by the Dominicans in 1773. In 1769, the Loreto mission (now led by Franciscans under Junípero Serra) was the departure point for the land portion of the land/sea exploratory expedition led by Gaspar de Portolá. The joint military/missionary expedition traveled into today's U.S. state of California as far north as San Francisco Bay, establishing new Franciscan missions at Velicatá (Baja), San Diego and Monterey. Mission Loreto came to an end in 1829, by which", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 39 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8076875", "chunk_text": "\"Misión Nuestra Señora del Santísimo Rosario de Viñadaco\"\nin 1832, it was turned over to local residents. Ruined walls and foundations from both the first and the second mission survive. Misión Nuestra Señora del Santísimo Rosario de Viñadaco Mission El Rosario was the first Dominican mission in Baja California, established in 1774 by Vicente Mora and Francisco Galisteo near the modern town of El Rosario. When the Dominicans took over the mission field of Baja California from the Franciscans in 1773, the missions in the central and southern parts of the peninsula were in evident decline, as their Indian populations dwindled under the impact of Old World diseases.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 40 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7045897", "chunk_text": "\"Mission San Antonio de Padua\"\nMission San Antonio de Padua Mission San Antonio de Padua is a Spanish mission established by the Franciscan order in present-day Monterey County, California, near the present-day town of Jolon. It was founded on July 14, 1771, and was the third mission founded in Alta California by Father Presidente Junípero Serra. The mission was the first use fired.tile roofing in Upper California. Today the mission is a parish church of the Diocese of Monterey. Mission San Antonio de Padua was the third Mission to be founded. Father Junipero Serra claimed the site on July 14, 1771, and dedicated the Mission", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 41 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "200561", "chunk_text": "\"Salinas River (California)\"\nbanks of the Salinas river were the Mission Nuestra Señora de la Soledad established in 1791, and the Mission San Miguel Arcángel, established in 1797. The Mission San Antonio de Padua was also established during this same time period in the Salinas valley, but not on the river itself. These three missions were a part of the chain of 21 missions, then commissioned by the Spanish government in what is now the American State of California. All three of these missions remain to this day, the Soledad mission having evolved into the city of Soledad, and the San Miguel mission", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 42 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16933724", "chunk_text": "\"Mission San Juan Capistrano\"\nhas been documented that Junipero Serra celebrated Mass. One of the best known missions in Alta California, and one of the few missions to have actually been founded twice—others being Mission San Gabriel Arcángel and Mission La Purísima Concepción. The site was originally consecrated on October 30, 1775, by Fermín Lasuén, but was quickly abandoned due to unrest among the indigenous population in San Diego. The success of the settlement's population is evident in its historical records. Prior to the arrival of the missionaries, some 550 indigenous Acjachemen peoples lived in this area of their homeland. By 1790, the number", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 43 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19319793", "chunk_text": "\"Misión Santo Tomás de Aquino\"\nMisión Santo Tomás de Aquino Mission Santo Tomás de Aquino was founded in what is now Baja California on April 24, 1791 by the Dominican missionary José Loriente, with the authorization of the president of the missions, Juan Crisóstomo Gómez. It was named for Saint Thomas Aquinas. The mission was established in the territory of the Kumeyaay, on the mountainside of the San Solano hills in northwestern Baja California, Mexico. It bridged the 120-kilometer gap between the previously founded missions of San Vicente and San Miguel. The mission was relocated twice, in around 1794 and in 1799. Historians are uncertain", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 44 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9538999", "chunk_text": "\"Mission San Francisco de Asís\"\nMission San Francisco de Asís Mission San Francisco de Asís, or Mission Dolores, is the oldest surviving structure in San Francisco and the sixth religious settlement established as part of the California chain of missions. The Mission was founded on October 9, 1776, by Lieutenant José Joaquin Moraga and Francisco Palóu (a companion of Junípero Serra), both members of the de Anza Expedition, which had been charged with bringing Spanish settlers to Alta (upper) California and with evangelizing the local Natives, the Ohlone. Some of the Mission's buildings have been turned into businesses, including a print shop and several saloons.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 45 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20214411", "chunk_text": "\"Church of La Soledad, Mexico City\"\nthe Virgen de la Soledad. After the Augustinians left this site, the church was rebuilt by Father Gregorio Pérez Cancio with the help of architects Cayetano de Sigüenza, Ildefonso Iniesta Bejarano, Francisco Antonio de Guerrero y Torres and Ignacio Castera. It was finished in 1787 and consecrated in 1792. Over time, the church lost most of its luster. Its annex became a home for indians in the 1930s, and a school, leaving the church with about half of its original space. Various thefts from the 1940s to the 1970s caused the loss of candelabras, silver chalices and a reliquary. In", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 46 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10369810", "chunk_text": "\"Vicente Francisco de Sarría\"\nVicente Francisco de Sarría Father Vicente Francisco de Sarría (1767 Etxebarri – 1835 Soledad) was a Spanish missionary to the Americas. Father Sarría baptized John Gilroy, the first foreigner to permanently settle in California. Gilroy landed from the \"\"Isaac Todd\"\" in Monterey in 1814, and was baptized Juan Antonio Maria on September 29 of that year. He also founded Mission San Rafael Arcángel and helped establish the Santa Ysabel Asistencia (on February 2, 1819 he wrote that \"\"\"\"...in the place called Santa Isabel, toward the Sierra, they count a goodly number of baptized souls...I asked the governor for permission to", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 47 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7030954", "chunk_text": "\"Mission San Luis Obispo de Tolosa\"\nAs a part of mission life, they were taught Spanish, Latin, how to read music, sing as well as how to be skilled weavers, seamstresses, carpenters, tile makers, farmers and cattle herders. These lessons prepared the Native Americans to be a part of the church as well as the self-sustaining community, where everyone contributed work to the success of the mission. Mission San Luis Obispo de Tolosa Mission San Luis Obispo de Tolosa () is a Spanish mission founded in 1772 by Father Junípero Serra in San Luis Obispo, California. Named after Saint Louis of Anjou, the bishop of Toulouse,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 48 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8349085", "chunk_text": "\"Puerto Soledad\"\na sheep farm. Puerto Soledad Puerto Soledad (\"\"Puerto de Nuestra Señora de la Soledad\"\", ) was a Spanish military outpost and penal colony on the Falkland Islands, situated at an inner cove of Berkeley Sound (, ). The settlement was established as a French colony under the name \"\"Port Saint Louis\"\" in 1764, and within a year reached a population of 75 (most of them Acadians), with three marriages and two births recorded (once of the births was François Benoit in 1764, son of Agustin Benoit and Françoise Thériault. Sébastien died in 1839, Bay St. George, Newfoundland) – apparently the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 49 } ]
test_3401	the lowest temperature at which a lubricant will flow is called the?	n/a	[ "pour point" ]	[]	n/a	n/a	n/a	[]	[ { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2692814", "chunk_text": "\"Dry lubricant\"\nDry lubricant Dry lubricants or solid lubricants are materials that, despite being in the solid phase, are able to reduce friction between two surfaces sliding against each other without the need for a liquid oil medium. The two main dry lubricants are graphite and molybdenum disulfide. They offer lubrication at temperatures higher than liquid and oil-based lubricants operate. Dry lubricants are often used in applications such as locks or dry lubricated bearings. Such materials can operate up to 350 °C (662 °F) in oxidizing environments and even higher in reducing / non-oxidizing environments (molybdenum disulfide up to 1100 °C, 2012", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 0 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13927142", "chunk_text": "Lubricant\nbarrier i.e., a thin layer of lubricant separates the moving parts. This is analogous to hydroplaning, the loss of friction observed when a car tire is separated from the road surface by moving through standing water. This is termed hydrodynamic lubrication. In cases of high surface pressures or temperatures, the fluid film is much thinner and some of the forces are transmitted between the surfaces through the lubricant.. Typically the lubricant-to-surface friction is much less than surface-to-surface friction in a system without any lubrication. Thus use of a lubricant reduces the overall system friction. Reduced friction has the benefit of", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 1 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2692822", "chunk_text": "\"Dry lubricant\"\nroom temperature to form a solid lubricant. Pastes are grease-like lubricants containing a high percentage of solid lubricants used for assembly and lubrication of highly loaded, slow-moving parts. Black pastes generally contain MoS. For high temperatures above 500 °C, pastes are composed on the basis of metal powders to protect metal parts from oxidation necessary to facilitate disassembly of threaded connections and other assemblies. Dry-powder tumbling is an effective application method. The bonding can be improved by prior phosphating of the substrate. Use of free powders has its limitations, since adhesion of the solid particles to the substrate is usually", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 2 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2880740", "chunk_text": "\"Motor oil\"\ncan be thought of as its \"\"thickness\"\" or a measure of its resistance to flow. The viscosity must be high enough to maintain a lubricating film, but low enough that the oil can flow around the engine parts under all conditions. The viscosity index is a measure of how much the oil's viscosity changes as temperature changes. A higher viscosity index indicates the viscosity changes less with temperature than a lower viscosity index. Motor oil must be able to flow adequately at the lowest temperature it is expected to experience in order to minimize metal to metal contact between moving", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 3 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13927137", "chunk_text": "Lubricant\nin special greases. Under extreme pressures, PTFE powder or solids is of little value as it is soft and flows away from the area of contact. Ceramic or metal or alloy lubricants must be used then. Inorganic solids: Graphite, hexagonal boron nitride, molybdenum disulfide and tungsten disulfide are examples of solid lubricants. Some retain their lubricity to very high temperatures. The use of some such materials is sometimes restricted by their poor resistance to oxidation (e.g., molybdenum disulfide degrades above 350 °C in air, but 1100 °C in reducing environments. Metal/alloy: Metal alloys, composites and pure metals can be used", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 4 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2262439", "chunk_text": "Lubricity\nLubricity Lubricity is the measure of the reduction in friction and or wear by a lubricant. The study of lubrication and wear mechanisms is called tribology. The lubricity of a substance is not a material property, and cannot be measured directly. Tests are performed to quantify a lubricant's performance for a specific system. This is often done by determining how much wear is caused to a surface by a given wear-inducing object in a given amount of time. Other factors such as surface size, temperature, and pressure are also specified. For two fluids with the same viscosity, the one that", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 5 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2692815", "chunk_text": "\"Dry lubricant\"\n°F). The low-friction characteristics of most dry lubricants are attributed to a layered structure on the molecular level with weak bonding between layers. Such layers are able to slide relative to each other with minimal applied force, thus giving them their low friction properties. However, a layered crystal structure alone is not necessarily sufficient for lubrication. In fact, there are some solids with non-lamellar structures that function well as dry lubricants in some applications. These include certain soft metals (indium, lead, silver, tin), polytetrafluroethylene, some solid oxides, rare-earth fluorides, and even diamond. Limited interest has been shown in low friction", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 6 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13927143", "chunk_text": "Lubricant\nreducing heat generation and reduced formation of wear particles as well as improved efficiency. Lubricants may contain additives known as friction modifiers that chemically bind to metal surfaces to reduce surface friction even when there is insufficient bulk lubricant present for hydrodynamic lubrication, e.g. protecting the valve train in a car engine at startup. Both gas and liquid lubricants can transfer heat. However, liquid lubricants are much more effective on account of their high specific heat capacity. Typically the liquid lubricant is constantly circulated to and from a cooler part of the system, although lubricants may be used to warm", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 7 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2692821", "chunk_text": "\"Dry lubricant\"\nof PTFE in oil or water can be produced. Contrary to the other solid lubricants discussed, PTFE does not have a layered structure. The macro molecules of PTFE slip easily along each other, similar to lamellar structures. PTFE shows one of the smallest coefficients of static and dynamic friction, down to 0.04. Operating temperatures are limited to about 260 °C. Dispersion of solid lubricant as an additive in oil, water, or grease is most commonly used. For parts that are inaccessible for lubrication after assembly, a dry film lubricant can be sprayed. After the solvent evaporates, the coating cures at", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 8 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6878528", "chunk_text": "\"Pour point depressant\"\nfollowing winter, along with reports that oil would not flow out of containers. The issue seemed to be caused by olefin copolymers which caused the oil to gel in cold temperatures. Pour point depressant Pour point depressants are used to allow the use of petroleum based mineral oils at lower temperatures. The lowest temperature at which a fuel or oil will pour is called a pour point. Wax crystals, which form at lower temperatures, may interfere with lubrication of mechanical equipment. High-quality pour point depressants can lower a pour point of an oil additive by as much as 40°C. Pour", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 9 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13927131", "chunk_text": "Lubricant\nLubricant A lubricant is a substance, usually organic, introduced to reduce friction between surfaces in mutual contact, which ultimately reduces the heat generated when the surfaces move. It may also have the function of transmitting forces, transporting foreign particles, or heating or cooling the surfaces. The property of reducing friction is known as lubricity. In addition to industrial applications, lubricants are used for many other purposes. Other uses include cooking (oils and fats in use in frying pans, in baking to prevent food sticking), bioapplications on humans (e.g. lubricants for artificial joints), ultrasound examination, medical examination. Lubicants have been in", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 10 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12491848", "chunk_text": "Lubrication\nLubrication Lubrication is the process or technique of using a lubricant to reduce friction and/or wear in a contact between two surfaces. The study of lubrication is a discipline in the field of tribology. Lubricants can be solids (such as Molybdenum disulfide MoS), solid/liquid dispersions (such as grease), liquids (such as oil or water), liquid-liquid dispersions or gases. Fluid-lubricated systems are designed so that the applied load is partially or completely carried by hydrodynamic or hydrostatic pressure, which reduces solid body interactions (and consequently friction and wear). Depending on the degree of surface separation, different lubrication regimes can be distinguished.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 11 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19165569", "chunk_text": "Subcooling\nSubcooling The term subcooling also called undercooling refers to a liquid existing at a temperature below its normal boiling point. For example, water boils at 373 K; at room temperature (300 K) the water is termed \"\"subcooled\"\". A subcooled liquid is the convenient state in which, say, refrigerants may undergo the remaining stages of a refrigeration cycle. Normally, a refrigeration system has a subcooling stage, allowing technicians to be certain that the quality, in which the refrigerant reaches the next step on the cycle, is the desired one. Subcooling may take place in heat exchangers and outside them. Being both", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 12 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2917647", "chunk_text": "\"Space tribology\"\noils for lubricating grease. Since the rate of evaporation increases with temperature, the use of liquid lubricants is often limited to temperatures below 100 °C. On the other side of the spectrum, the viscosity of liquid lubricants increases with decreasing temperature; i.e., the lower the temperature, the more viscous the lubricant (see also viscosity index). Thus, the use of liquid lubricants is limited to temperatures of around -40 °C. Solid lubricants are used for applications with extreme temperature or where evaporation of lubricants would cause damage to sensitive instruments. Solid lubricants are applied in the form of coatings, or through", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 13 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13927144", "chunk_text": "Lubricant\nas well as to cool when a regulated temperature is required. This circulating flow also determines the amount of heat that is carried away in any given unit of time. High flow systems can carry away a lot of heat and have the additional benefit of reducing the thermal stress on the lubricant. Thus lower cost liquid lubricants may be used. The primary drawback is that high flows typically require larger sumps and bigger cooling units. A secondary drawback is that a high flow system that relies on the flow rate to protect the lubricant from thermal stress is susceptible", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 14 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2880741", "chunk_text": "\"Motor oil\"\nparts upon starting up the engine. The \"\"pour point\"\" defined first this property of motor oil, as defined by ASTM D97 as \"\"... an index of the lowest temperature of its utility ...\"\" for a given application, but the cold-cranking simulator (CCS, see ASTM D5293-08) and mini-rotary viscometer (MRV, see ASTM D3829-02(2007), ASTM D4684-08) are today the properties required in motor oil specs and define the SAE classifications. Oil is largely composed of hydrocarbons which can burn if ignited. Still another important property of motor oil is its flash point, the lowest temperature at which the oil gives off vapors", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 15 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16186433", "chunk_text": "\"Viscosity index\"\nViscosity index The viscosity index (VI) is an arbitrary, unitless measure of the change of viscosity with temperature, mostly used to characterize the viscosity-temperature behavior of lubricating oils. The lower the VI, the more the viscosity is affected by changes in temperature. The VI was originally measured on a scale from 0 to 100; however, advancements in lubrication science have led to the development of oils with much higher VIs. The viscosity of a lubricant is closely related to its ability to reduce friction in solid body contacts. Generally, the least viscous lubricant which still forces the two moving surfaces", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 16 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "470031", "chunk_text": "\"Ball bearing\"\nlubricant is based on elastohydrodynamic effect (by oil or grease) but working at extreme temperatures dry lubricated bearings are also available. For a bearing to have its nominal lifespan at its nominal maximum load, it must be lubricated with a lubricant (oil or grease) that has at least the minimum dynamic viscosity (usually denoted with the Greek letter formula_1) recommended for that bearing. The recommended dynamic viscosity is inversely proportional to diameter of bearing. The recommended dynamic viscosity decreases with rotating frequency. As a rough indication: for less than , recommended viscosity increases with factor 6 for a factor 10", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 17 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13927134", "chunk_text": "Lubricant\nplumbing, air cushion and others. Dry lubricants such as graphite, molybdenum disulphide and tungsten disulphide also offer lubrication at temperatures (up to 350 °C) higher than liquid and oil-based lubricants are able to operate. Limited interest has been shown in low friction properties of compacted oxide glaze layers formed at several hundred degrees Celsius in metallic sliding systems, however, practical use is still many years away due to their physically unstable nature. A large number of additives are used to impart performance characteristics to the lubricants. Modern automotive lubricants contain as many as ten additives, comprising up to 20% of", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 18 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20309794", "chunk_text": "Subcooling\nsubcooling for these kind of systems. Due to the particular nature of these systems, the topic of subcooling must be treated accordingly, having in mind that the conditions of the fluid that leaves the gas cooler in supercritical systems, must be directly specified using temperature and pressure. Subcooling The term subcooling also called undercooling refers to a liquid existing at a temperature below its normal boiling point. For example, water boils at 373 K; at room temperature (300 K) the water is termed \"\"subcooled\"\". A subcooled liquid is the convenient state in which, say, refrigerants may undergo the remaining stages", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 19 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9868089", "chunk_text": "\"Dropping point\"\nDropping point The dropping point of a lubricating grease is an indication of the heat resistance of the grease and is the temperature at which it passes from a semi-solid to a liquid state under specific test conditions. It is dependent on the type of thickener used and the cohesiveness of the oil and thickener of a grease. The dropping point indicates the upper temperature limit at which a grease retains its structure though is not necessarily the maximum temperature at which a grease can be used. Dropping point is used in combination with other testable properties to determine the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 20 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "337619", "chunk_text": "\"Viscosity index\"\napart to achieve \"\"fluid bearing\"\" conditions is desired. If the lubricant is too viscous, it will require a large amount of energy to move (as in honey); if it is too thin, the surfaces will come in contact and friction will increase. Many lubricant applications require the lubricant to perform across a wide range of conditions, for example, automotive lubricants are required to reduce friction between engine components when the engine is started from cold (relative to the engine's operating temperatures) up to when it is running. The best oils with the highest VI will remain stable and not vary", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 21 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3579346", "chunk_text": "\"Oil pressure\"\nshutdown. The oil pressure, combined with the rotation of the shaft, also hydrodynamically centers the journal in its shell and cools the bearings. Such a bearing is known as a fluid bearing. Oil pressure is higher when the engine is cold due to the increased viscosity of the oil, and also increases with engine speed until the relief valve in the oil pump opens to divert excess flow. Oil pressure is lowest under hot idling conditions, and the minimum pressure allowed by the manufacturer's tolerances is usually given at this point. Excessive oil pressure may indicate a blocked filter, blocked", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 22 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2262441", "chunk_text": "Lubricity\ndoes not have biodiesel added has a lower lubricity and requires \"\"lubricity improving additives\"\" to prevent excessive engine wear. Lubricity Lubricity is the measure of the reduction in friction and or wear by a lubricant. The study of lubrication and wear mechanisms is called tribology. The lubricity of a substance is not a material property, and cannot be measured directly. Tests are performed to quantify a lubricant's performance for a specific system. This is often done by determining how much wear is caused to a surface by a given wear-inducing object in a given amount of time. Other factors such", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 23 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18768307", "chunk_text": "\"Axial piston pump\"\nof the unaided axial piston pump. Another method of drawing pistons up the cylinder is to attach the cylinder heads to the surface of the swash plate. In that way the piston stroke is totally mechanical. However, the designer's problem of lubricating the swash plate face (a sliding contact) is made even more difficult. Internal lubrication of the pump is achieved by use of the operating fluid—normally called \"\"hydraulic fluid\"\". Most hydraulic systems have a maximum operating temperature, limited by the fluid, of about 120 °C (250 °F) so that using that fluid as a lubricant brings its own problems.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 24 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19260508", "chunk_text": "\"Motor oil\"\nunits, centistokes (abbreviated cSt). Based on the range of viscosity the oil falls in at that temperature, the oil is graded as SAE viscosity grade 20, 30, 40, 50, or 60. In addition, for SAE grades 20, 30, and 40, a minimum viscosity measured at 150 °C (302 °F) and at a high-shear rate is also required. The higher the viscosity, the higher the SAE viscosity grade is. The temperature range the oil is exposed to in most vehicles can be wide, ranging from cold temperatures in the winter before the vehicle is started up, to hot operating temperatures when", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 25 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20440038", "chunk_text": "\"Aniline point\"\nAniline point The aniline point of an oil is defined as the minimum temperature at which equal volumes of aniline () and lubricant oil are miscible, i.e. form a single phase upon mixing.. The value gives an approximation for the content of aromatic compounds in the oil, since the miscibility of aniline, which is also an aromatic compound suggests the presence of similar (i.e. aromatic) compounds in the oil. The lower the aniline point, the greater is the content of aromatic compounds in the oil. The aniline point serves as a reasonable proxy for aromaticity of oils consisting mostly of", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 26 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2692818", "chunk_text": "\"Dry lubricant\"\nlubrication in air. Water vapor is a necessary component for graphite lubrication. The adsorption of water reduces the bonding energy between the hexagonal planes of the graphite to a lower level than the adhesion energy between a substrate and the graphite. Because water vapor is a requirement for lubrication, graphite is not effective in vacuum. Because it is electrically conductive, graphite can promote galvanic corrosion. In an oxidative atmosphere, graphite is effective at high temperatures up to 450 °C continuously and can withstand much higher temperature peaks. Graphite is characterized by two main groups: natural and synthetic. For applications where", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 27 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14316343", "chunk_text": "\"Dry lubricant\"\nproperties of compacted oxide glaze layers formed at several hundred degrees Celsius in metallic sliding systems. However, practical use is still many years away due to their physically unstable nature. The four most commonly used solid lubricants are: Graphite and molybdenum disulfide are the predominant materials used as dry lubricants. The lubricity of many solids is attributable to a lamellar structure. The lamellae orient parallel to the surface in the direction of motion and slide easily over each other resulting in low friction and preventing contact between sliding components even under high loads. Large particles perform best on rough surfaces", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 28 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17309240", "chunk_text": "\"Lubrication theory\"\nLubrication theory In fluid dynamics, lubrication theory describes the flow of fluids (liquids or gases) in a geometry in which one dimension is significantly smaller than the others. An example is the flow above air hockey tables, where the thickness of the air layer beneath the puck is much smaller than the dimensions of the puck itself. Internal flows are those where the fluid is fully bounded. Internal flow lubrication theory has many industrial applications because of its role in the design of fluid bearings. Here a key goal of lubrication theory is to determine the pressure distribution in the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 29 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20957390", "chunk_text": "\"Cooling bath\"\nCooling bath A cooling bath, in laboratory chemistry practice, is a liquid mixture which is used to maintain low temperatures, typically between 13 °C and −196 °C. These low temperatures are used to collect liquids after distillation, to remove solvents using a rotary evaporator, or to perform a chemical reaction below room temperature (see: kinetic control). Cooling baths are generally one of two types: (a) a cold fluid (particularly liquid nitrogen, water, or even air) — but most commonly the term refers to (b) a mixture of 3 components: (1) a cooling agent (such as dry ice or water ice);", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 30 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15679151", "chunk_text": "Friction\nfriction is by using a lubricant, such as oil, water, or grease, which is placed between the two surfaces, often dramatically lessening the coefficient of friction. The science of friction and lubrication is called tribology. Lubricant technology is when lubricants are mixed with the application of science, especially to industrial or commercial objectives. Superlubricity, a recently discovered effect, has been observed in graphite: it is the substantial decrease of friction between two sliding objects, approaching zero levels. A very small amount of frictional energy would still be dissipated. Lubricants to overcome friction need not always be thin, turbulent fluids or", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 31 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3341471", "chunk_text": "Lubricant\nto catastrophic failure during sudden system shut downs. An automotive oil-cooled turbocharger is a typical example. Turbochargers get red hot during operation and the oil that is cooling them only survives as its residence time in the system is very short (i.e. high flow rate). If the system is shut down suddenly (pulling into a service area after a high-speed drive and stopping the engine) the oil that is in the turbo charger immediately oxidizes and will clog the oil ways with deposits. Over time these deposits can completely block the oil ways, reducing the cooling with the result that", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 32 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11678654", "chunk_text": "\"Stagnation temperature\"\nStagnation temperature In thermodynamics and fluid mechanics, stagnation temperature is the temperature at a stagnation point in a fluid flow. At a stagnation point the speed of the fluid is zero and all of the kinetic energy has been converted to internal energy and is added to the local static enthalpy. In incompressible fluid flow, and in compressible flow, the stagnation temperature is equal to the \"\"total temperature\"\" at all points on the streamline leading to the stagnation point. See gas dynamics. Stagnation temperature can be derived from the First Law of Thermodynamics. Applying the Steady Flow Energy Equation where:", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 33 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9127097", "chunk_text": "Coolant\nCoolant A coolant is a substance, typically liquid or gas, that is used to reduce or regulate the temperature of a system. An ideal coolant has high thermal capacity, low viscosity, is low-cost, non-toxic, chemically inert and neither causes nor promotes corrosion of the cooling system. Some applications also require the coolant to be an electrical insulator. While the term \"\"coolant\"\" is commonly used in automotive and HVAC applications, in industrial processing heat transfer fluid is one technical term more often used in high temperature as well as low temperature manufacturing applications. The term also covers cutting fluids. Industrial cutting", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 34 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3068804", "chunk_text": "Temperature\nthis implies that 0 K is the minimum possible temperature. In fact the lowest temperature ever obtained in a macroscopic system was 20 nK, which was achieved in 1995 at NIST. Subtracting the right hand side of Equation 5 from the middle portion and rearranging gives where the negative sign indicates heat ejected from the system. This relationship suggests the existence of a state function, \"\"S\"\", defined by where the subscript indicates a reversible process. The change of this state function around any cycle is zero, as is necessary for any state function. This function corresponds to the entropy of", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 35 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10013744", "chunk_text": "\"Pour point depressant\"\nPour point depressant Pour point depressants are used to allow the use of petroleum based mineral oils at lower temperatures. The lowest temperature at which a fuel or oil will pour is called a pour point. Wax crystals, which form at lower temperatures, may interfere with lubrication of mechanical equipment. High-quality pour point depressants can lower a pour point of an oil additive by as much as 40°C. Pour point depressants do not lower the temperature at which wax crystals begin to form, called the cloud point, or the amount of wax that is formed—pour point depressants work by altering", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 36 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15124626", "chunk_text": "Lubricant\nIt reduces corrosion between two metallic surface and avoids contact between these surfaces to avoid immersed corrosion. Lubricants will occupy the clearance between moving parts through the capillary force, thus sealing the clearance. This effect can be used to seal pistons and shafts. A further phenomenon that has undergone investigation in relation to high temperature wear prevention and lubrication, is that of a compacted oxide layer glaze formation. Such glazes are generated by sintering a compacted oxide layer. Such glazes are crystalline, in contrast to the amorphous glazes seen in pottery. The required high temperatures arise from metallic surfaces sliding", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 37 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7551678", "chunk_text": "\"Die casting\"\nare the most used type of lubricant, because of health, environmental, and safety reasons. Unlike solvent-based lubricants, if water is properly treated to remove all minerals from it, it will not leave any by-product in the dies. If the water is not properly treated, then the minerals can cause surface defects and discontinuities. There are four types of water-based lubricants: oil in water, water in oil, semi-synthetic, and synthetic. Oil in water is the best, because when the lubricant is applied, the water cools the die surface by evaporating while depositing the oil, which helps release the shot. A common", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 38 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "811258", "chunk_text": "\"Joule–Thomson effect\"\nJoule–Thomson effect In thermodynamics, the Joule–Thomson effect (also known as the Joule–Kelvin effect, Kelvin–Joule effect) describes the temperature change of a \"\"real\"\" gas or liquid (as differentiated from an ideal gas) when it is forced through a valve or porous plug while keeping them insulated so that no heat is exchanged with the environment. This procedure is called a \"\"throttling process\"\" or \"\"Joule–Thomson process\"\". At room temperature, all gases except hydrogen, helium and neon cool upon expansion by the Joule–Thomson process when being throttled through an orifice; these three gases experience the same effect but only at lower temperatures. Some", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 39 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14831967", "chunk_text": "\"Fire point\"\nFire point The fire point of a fuel is the lowest temperature at which the vapour of that fuel will continue to burn for at least 5 seconds after ignition by an open flame. At the flash point, a lower temperature, a substance will ignite briefly, but vapor might not be produced at a rate to sustain the fire. Most tables of material properties will only list material flash points. Although in general the fire points can be assumed to be about 10 °C higher than the flash points this is no substitute for testing if the fire point is", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 40 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14319690", "chunk_text": "\"Low-temperature thermal desorption\"\nor reuse. Treated soil may be redeposited onsite, used as cover in landfills, or incorporated into asphalt. LTTD has proven very effective in reducing concentrations of petroleum products including gasoline, jet fuels, kerosene, diesel fuel, heating oils, and lubricating oils. LTTD is applicable to constituents that are volatile at temperatures up to 1,200 °F. Most desorbers operate at temperatures between 300 °F to 1,000 °F. Desorbers constructed of special alloys can operate at temperatures up to 1,200 °F. More volatile products (e.g. gasoline) can be desorbed at the lower operating range, while semivolatile products (e.g. kerosene, diesel fuel) generally need", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 41 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2692817", "chunk_text": "\"Dry lubricant\"\nat low speed, finer particles on smoother surfaces and at higher speeds. These materials may be added in the form of dry powder to liquid lubricants to modify or enhance their properties. Other components that are useful solid lubricants include boron nitride, polytetrafluorethylene (PTFE), talc, calcium fluoride, cerium fluoride, and tungsten disulfide. Solid lubricants are useful for conditions when conventional lubricants are inadequate, such as: Graphite is structurally composed of planes of polycyclic carbon atoms that are hexagonal in orientation. The distance of carbon atoms between planes is longer and, therefore, the bonding is weaker. Graphite is best suited for", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 42 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3889937", "chunk_text": "\"Absolute zero\"\nAbsolute zero Absolute zero is the lowest limit of the thermodynamic temperature scale, a state at which the enthalpy and entropy of a cooled ideal gas reach their minimum value, taken as 0. The fundamental particles of nature have minimal vibrational motion, retaining only quantum mechanical, zero-point energy-induced particle motion. The theoretical temperature is determined by extrapolating the ideal gas law; by international agreement, absolute zero is taken as −273.15° on the Celsius scale (International System of Units), which equals −459.67° on the Fahrenheit scale (United States customary units or Imperial units). The corresponding Kelvin and Rankine temperature scales set", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 43 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19505741", "chunk_text": "\"Cold filter plugging point\"\naccording to the legal DIN test. One of the real diesel motors however stopped working even before the legal minimum was reached, presumably due to an undersized filter heater. Notably the experiments did not show a direct correlation between the CFPP value of the mineral oil and the cold start capability of the diesel motors - hence the automobile club suggest the creation of a new test standard. The ASTM no. for the test method to define Cold filter plugging point is ASTM D-6371. Cold filter plugging point Cold filter plugging point (CFPP) is the lowest temperature, expressed in degrees", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 44 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11056945", "chunk_text": "Friction\nor an ideal fluid which offers no resistance to shearing and so is not viscous. Lubricated friction is a case of fluid friction where a fluid separates two solid surfaces. Lubrication is a technique employed to reduce wear of one or both surfaces in close proximity moving relative to each another by interposing a substance called a lubricant between the surfaces. In most cases the applied load is carried by pressure generated within the fluid due to the frictional viscous resistance to motion of the lubricating fluid between the surfaces. Adequate lubrication allows smooth continuous operation of equipment, with only", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 45 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11029595", "chunk_text": "\"Autoignition temperature\"\nin the literature and should only be used as estimates. Factors that may cause variation include partial pressure of oxygen, altitude, humidity, and amount of time required for ignition. Generally the autoignition temperature for hydrocarbon/air mixtures decreases with increasing molecular mass and increasing chain length. The autoignition temperature is also higher for branched-chain hydrocarbons than for straight-chain hydrocarbons. Autoignition temperature The autoignition temperature or kindling point of a substance is the lowest temperature at which it spontaneously ignites in normal atmosphere without an external source of ignition, such as a flame or spark. This temperature is required to supply the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 46 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4660732", "chunk_text": "Lubrication\nAdequate lubrication allows smooth, continuous operation of machine elements, reduces the rate of wear, and prevents excessive stresses or seizures at bearings. When lubrication breaks down, components can rub destructively against each other, causing heat, local welding, destructive damage and failure. As the load increases on the contacting surfaces, three distinct situations can be observed with respect to the mode of lubrication, which are called lubrication regimes: Besides supporting the load the lubricant may have to perform other functions as well, for instance it may cool the contact areas and remove wear products. While carrying out these functions the lubricant", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 47 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16597639", "chunk_text": "\"Gel point (petroleum)\"\nGel point (petroleum) Gel point is the temperature at which diesel or biodiesel fuel freezes solid and can no longer flow by gravity or be pumped through fuel lines. This phenomenon happens when a fuel reaches a low enough temperature whereby enough wax crystals have formed to prevent any movement in the oil. For #2 diesel this is usually around . For the fuel to become pumpable again, it needs to be brought above the gel point temperature to the Ungel point, which is typically near its pour point. However, most of the waxes will still remain in solid form", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 48 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19260507", "chunk_text": "\"Motor oil\"\nthe oil passes at, that oil is graded as SAE viscosity grade 0W, 5W, 10W, 15W, 20W, or 25W. The lower the viscosity grade, the lower the temperature the oil can pass. For example, if an oil passes at the specifications for 10W and 5W, but fails for 0W, then that oil must be labeled as an SAE 5W. That oil cannot be labeled as either 0W or 10W. For single non-winter grade oils, the kinematic viscosity is measured at a temperature of 100 °C (212 °F) in units of mm/s (millimeter squared per second) or the equivalent older non-SI", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 49 } ]
test_3402	who are the judges on the fisa court?	n/a	[ "Thomas Russell", "Claire Eagan", "Dennis Saylor", "Anne Conway", "Raymond Dearie", "Robert Kugler", "James Jones", "Rudolph Contreras", "Jeb Boasberg", "Michael Mosman" ]	[]	n/a	n/a	n/a	[]	[ { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7522647", "chunk_text": "\"United States Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Court\"\ncourt. As of 2017, Chief Justice John Roberts has appointed all of the current judges, four of whom were nominated to their District Court judgeships by a Democratic President. Notes References United States Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Court The United States Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Court (FISC, also called the FISA Court) is a U.S. federal court established and authorized under the Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Act of 1978 (FISA) to oversee requests for surveillance warrants against foreign spies inside the United States by federal law enforcement and intelligence agencies. Such requests are made most often by the National Security Agency (NSA) and", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 0 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5581155", "chunk_text": "\"Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Act\"\nSurveillance Court (FISC) and enabled it to oversee requests for surveillance warrants by federal law enforcement and intelligence agencies (primarily the Federal Bureau of Investigation and the National Security Agency) against suspected foreign intelligence agents inside the U.S. The court is located within the E. Barrett Prettyman United States Courthouse in Washington, D.C. The court is staffed by eleven judges appointed by the Chief Justice of the United States to serve seven-year terms. Proceedings before the FISA court are \"\"ex parte\"\" and non-adversarial. The court hears evidence presented solely by the Department of Justice. There is no provision for a", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 1 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1646716", "chunk_text": "\"United States Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Court\"\none can worry that there is insufficient diversity.\"\" Since May 2014, however, four of the five judges appointed by Chief Justice Roberts to the FISA Court were appointed to their prior federal court positions by Presidents Bill Clinton and Barack Obama. There are some reform proposals. Senator Richard Blumenthal from Connecticut proposed that each of the chief judges of the 12 major appeals courts select a district judge for the surveillance court; the chief justice would still pick the review panel that hears rare appeals of the court's decisions, but six other Supreme Court justices would have to sign off.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 2 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7522646", "chunk_text": "\"United States Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Court\"\na misleading and partisan manner and omitting key details. When the court was founded, it was composed of seven federal district judges appointed by the Chief Justice of the United States, each serving a seven-year term, with one judge being appointed each year. In 2001, the USA PATRIOT Act expanded the court from seven to eleven judges, and required that at least three of the Court's judges live within of the District of Columbia. No judge may be appointed to this court more than once, and no judge may be appointed to both the Court of Review and the FISA", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 3 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12160894", "chunk_text": "\"United States Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Court of Review\"\nthe only party before the court, and it is unusual for anyone else to become aware of the warrant application in the first place. The judges of the Court of Review are district or appellate federal judges, appointed by the Chief Justice of the United States for seven-year terms. Their terms are staggered so that there are at least two years between consecutive appointments. A judge may be appointed only once to either the FISCR or the FISC. The FISCR was called into session for the first time in 2002 in a case referred to as \"\"\"\". The FISC had", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 4 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7522596", "chunk_text": "\"United States Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Court\"\nUnited States Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Court The United States Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Court (FISC, also called the FISA Court) is a U.S. federal court established and authorized under the Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Act of 1978 (FISA) to oversee requests for surveillance warrants against foreign spies inside the United States by federal law enforcement and intelligence agencies. Such requests are made most often by the National Security Agency (NSA) and the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI). Congress created FISA and its court as a result of the recommendations by the U.S. Senate's Church Committee. In 2013, \"\"The New York Times\"\" said", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 5 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16795965", "chunk_text": "\"Nunes memo\"\nfor Carter Page which showed that key assertions made in the Nunes memo were false or misleading, corroborating the rebuttal made by Democrats. The Nunes memo: Multiple sources also noted that after its publication, the wiretap warrant was approved, and later renewed, four times by four different judges, all of whom were appointed by Republican presidents. Similarly, all four judges — Rosemary Collyer, Anne Conway, Raymond Dearie and Michael Mosman — were assigned to serve on the FISA court by Chief Justice John Roberts, a conservative. The day after the applications were released, Trump asserted without evidence that they confirmed", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 6 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12160892", "chunk_text": "\"United States Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Court of Review\"\nUnited States Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Court of Review The United States Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Court of Review (FISCR) is a U.S. federal court whose sole purpose is to review denials of applications for electronic surveillance warrants (called FISA warrants) by the United States Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Court (or FISC). The FISCR was established by the Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Act of 1978 (known as FISA for short) and consists of a panel of three judges. Like the FISC, the FISCR is not an adversarial court; rather, the only party to the court is the federal government, although other parties may submit", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 7 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1646715", "chunk_text": "\"United States Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Court\"\nvotes on the Supreme Court, we have come to learn has a particular view on civil liberties and law enforcement\"\", Theodore Ruger, a professor at the University of Pennsylvania Law School, said with respect to Chief Justice John Roberts. \"\"The way the FISA is set up, it gives him unchecked authority to put judges on the court who feel the same way he does.\"\" And Stephen Vladeck, a law professor at the University of Texas School of Law, added, \"\"Since FISA was enacted in 1978, we've had three chief justices, and they have all been conservative Republicans, so I think", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 8 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19671212", "chunk_text": "\"In re Electronic Privacy Information Center\"\n18, 2013, the Supreme Court denied EPIC's petition. The Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Act (FISA) is a United States federal law which prescribes procedures for the physical and electronic surveillance and collection of \"\"foreign intelligence information\"\" between \"\"foreign powers\"\" and \"\"agents of foreign powers\"\" (which may include American citizens and permanent residents suspected of espionage or terrorism). The Act created the FISC to oversee the FISA requests. The FISC is a secret court populated with judges appointed by the Chief Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States. The secret nature of the court means that all proceedings are behind", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 9 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8271618", "chunk_text": "\"Rosemary M. Collyer\"\nStates House of Representatives v. Price\"\" (2016), Judge Collyer first found the House had standing to sue the Obama Administration and, then, found that the Administration had unconstitutionally spent billions of Treasury funds on health insurer subsidies without a Congressional appropriation. Judge Collyer enjoined any further insurer reimbursements without a valid appropriation, but stayed her order pending appeal. Collyer was one of four FISA Court judges who approved a FISA warrant (issued in October 2016 and renewed several times) authorizing the wiretapping of Carter Page. Rosemary M. Collyer Rosemary Mayers Collyer (born November 19, 1945) is a Senior United States", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 10 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6939908", "chunk_text": "\"James E. Boasberg\"\nJames E. Boasberg James Emanuel \"\"Jeb\"\" Boasberg (born February 20, 1963) is a United States District Judge on the United States District Court for the District of Columbia, also serving as a Judge on the United States Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Court; and former associate judge on the Superior Court of the District of Columbia. Boasberg was born in San Francisco, California in 1963, to Sarah Margaret (Szold) and Emanuel Boasberg III. The family moved to Washington, D.C. when Boasberg's father accepted a position in Sargent Shriver's Office of Economic Opportunity, a Great Society agency responsible for implementing and administering many", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 11 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6939901", "chunk_text": "\"James E. Boasberg\"\nJames E. Boasberg James Emanuel \"\"Jeb\"\" Boasberg (born February 20, 1963) is a United States District Judge on the United States District Court for the District of Columbia, also serving as a Judge on the United States Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Court; and former associate judge on the Superior Court of the District of Columbia. Boasberg was born in San Francisco, California in 1963, to Sarah Margaret (Szold) and Emanuel Boasberg III. The family moved to Washington, D.C. when Boasberg's father accepted a position in Sargent Shriver's Office of Economic Opportunity, a Great Society agency responsible for implementing and administering many", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 12 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14947018", "chunk_text": "\"ACLU v. Trump and Pence\"\nrequested voter records from each of the states and the District of Columbia. Forty-four states rejected the request to deliver voter records On July 10, 2017, the Commission postponed its request of the states. The United States Department of Justice represents Trump. The United States District Court for the District of Columbia judge is Colleen Kollar-Kotelly, formerly presiding judge of the United States Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Court (FISA). According to the text of the complaint, the suit asks for relief in the nature of mandamus and declaratory judgement. The suit asks that the records of the previous meetings of the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 13 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8271615", "chunk_text": "\"Rosemary M. Collyer\"\nRosemary M. Collyer Rosemary Mayers Collyer (born November 19, 1945) is a Senior United States District Judge of the United States District Court for the District of Columbia, and currently the Presiding Judge of the United States Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Court. Born in Port Chester, New York, Collyer received a Bachelor of Arts degree from Trinity College (now Trinity Washington University) in 1968 and a Juris Doctor from the University of Denver College of Law in 1977. She was in private practice at the law firm of Sherman & Howard in Colorado from 1977 to 1981. She was then Chairman", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 14 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9867231", "chunk_text": "\"United States Alien Terrorist Removal Court\"\nto Karen Redmond, a public information officer in the Administrative Offices of the U.S. Courts, as of October 15, 2016 the current members of the Court are: Rosemary M. Collyer (D. D.C.), Chief Judge; Harold Albert Baker (C.D. Ill.); James Parker Jones (W.D. Va.); William C. O'Kelley (N.D. Ga.); and Thomas B. Russell (W.D. Ky.). The Court is modeled after the United States Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Court, and was created by , the Antiterrorism and Effective Death Penalty Act of 1996, codified at . As of 2018, the Court has never received an application from the Attorney General for the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 15 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11406905", "chunk_text": "\"PRISM (surveillance program)\"\ninvolved in nuclear proliferation, espionage and cyberattacks.\"\" After Members of the U.S. Congress pressed the Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Court to release declassified versions of its secret ruling, the court dismissed those requests arguing that the decisions can't be declassified because they contain classified information. Reggie Walton, the current FISA presiding judge, said in a statement: \"\"The perception that the court is a rubber stamp is absolutely false. There is a rigorous review process of applications submitted by the executive branch, spearheaded initially by five judicial branch lawyers who are national security experts, and then by the judges, to ensure that", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 16 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13980904", "chunk_text": "\"José A. Cabranes\"\nCourt. She is a former Assistant United States Attorney of the United States Attorney's Office for the Southern District of New York. Kate Stith-Cabranes served for eleven years as a trustee of Dartmouth College. José A. Cabranes José Alberto Cabranes (born December 22, 1940) is a United States Circuit Judge of the United States Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit and a member of the three-judge United States Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Court of Review (\"\"FISCR\"\"), designated in May 2018 as Presiding Judge of the FISCR. Formerly a practicing lawyer, government official, and law teacher, he was the first Puerto", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 17 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14663074", "chunk_text": "\"William Curtis Bryson\"\nby the United States Senate on September 28, 1994, and received his commission the following day. Bryson took senior status on January 7, 2013. William Curtis Bryson William Curtis Bryson (born August 19, 1945) is a Senior United States Circuit Judge of the United States Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit. He also served a 7-year term as a judge on the United States Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Court of Review, until 2018, and on September 1, 2013, became the presiding judge of that court. Born in Houston, Texas, Bryson graduated from St. John's School in 1963 and went on", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 18 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1646713", "chunk_text": "\"United States Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Court\"\nreviewed by the public, she has argued that: \"\"Like any other group that meets in secret behind closed doors with only one constituency appearing before them, they're subject to capture and bias.\"\" A related bias of the court results from what critics such as Julian Sanchez, a scholar at the Cato Institute, have described as the near certainty of the polarization or groupthink of the judges of the court. Since all of the judges are appointed by the same person (the Chief Justice of the United States), as of 2013 nearly all currently serving judges are of the same political", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 19 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1646717", "chunk_text": "\"United States Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Court\"\nAnother proposal authored by Representative Adam Schiff of California would give the president the power to nominate judges for the court, subject to Senate approval, while Representative Steve Cohen proposed that Congressional leaders pick eight of the court's members. Stephen Vladeck, a professor at the University of Texas School of Law, has argued that, without having to seek the approval of the court (which he has said merely reviews certifications to ensure that they and not the surveillance itself comply with the various statutory requirements), the U.S. Attorney General and the Director of National Intelligence can engage in sweeping programmatic", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 20 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13402425", "chunk_text": "\"Reggie Walton\"\nReggie Walton Reggie Barnett Walton (born February 8, 1949) is a Senior United States District Judge of the United States District Court for the District of Columbia. He is the former presiding judge of the Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Court. Walton's father worked two jobs in the steel town Donora, Pennsylvania. He won a football scholarship to get his Bachelor of Arts degree from West Virginia State College in 1971, and then a Juris Doctor from the Washington College of Law at American University in 1974. Walton is a member of Alpha Phi Alpha fraternity. Walton served as an Associate Judge", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 21 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15894942", "chunk_text": "\"Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Act\"\nForeign Intelligence Surveillance Act The Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Act of 1978 (\"\"FISA\"\" , ) is a United States federal law which establishes procedures for the physical and electronic surveillance and collection of \"\"foreign intelligence information\"\" between \"\"foreign powers\"\" and \"\"agents of foreign powers\"\" suspected of espionage or terrorism. The Act created the Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Court (FISC) to oversee requests for surveillance warrants by federal law enforcement and intelligence agencies. It has been repeatedly amended since the September 11 attacks. The Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Act (FISA) was introduced on May 18, 1977, by Senator Ted Kennedy and was signed into", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 22 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20512197", "chunk_text": "\"USA Freedom Act\"\ndate of the correction. Section 401 directs the presiding judges of the FISA court and the FISA court of review to jointly designate at least five individuals to serve as amicus curiae to assist in the consideration of any application for an order or review that presents a novel or significant interpretation of the law, unless the court finds that such appointment is not appropriate. Permits FISA courts to appoint an individual or organization to serve as amicus curiae in other instances, including to provide technical expertise. Requires such amicus curiae to provide: (1) legal arguments that advance protection of", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 23 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14663312", "chunk_text": "\"Claire Eagan\"\nSenate on October 23, 2001, on a Senate vote and received her commission the next day. Eagan served as the Chief Judge of the Court from 2005 to 2012. In February 2013 she was appointed to the Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Court (FISC), established in 1978 per the Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Act. Her term runs to May 2019. She was the author of the August 29, 2013, FISC opinion released on September 17, 2013, explaining that the call metadata collection program was constitutional, and thus \"\"any decision about whether to keep it was a political question, not a legal one\"\". The", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 24 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13717977", "chunk_text": "\"James G. Carr\"\nHe was confirmed by the United States Senate on May 6, 1994, and received his commission on May 9. Chief Justice William Rehnquist appointed Judge Carr to the Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Court on May 19, 2002. Carr served as chief judge of the District Court from 2004 to 2010. His term on the FISA Court expired in 2008. James G. Carr James G. Carr (born November 7, 1940) is a Senior United States District Judge of the United States District Court for the Northern District of Ohio. Carr was born in Boston, Massachusetts. He received a Bachelor of Arts degree", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 25 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15429978", "chunk_text": "\"William Curtis Bryson\"\nWilliam Curtis Bryson William Curtis Bryson (born August 19, 1945) is a Senior United States Circuit Judge of the United States Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit. He also served a 7-year term as a judge on the United States Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Court of Review, until 2018, and on September 1, 2013, became the presiding judge of that court. Born in Houston, Texas, Bryson graduated from St. John's School in 1963 and went on to receive his Artium Baccalaureus degree magna cum laude from Harvard University in 1969 and his Juris Doctor from the University of Texas School", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 26 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19188948", "chunk_text": "\"Colleen Kollar-Kotelly\"\nDC police chief Cathy Lanier to continue denying concealed carry permits to law-abiding citizens in most cases. In 2017, Kollar-Kotelly is presiding over ACLU v. Trump and Pence. On October 30, 2017, Kollar-Kotelly blocked the enforcement of President Donald Trump's ban on transgender individuals from serving in the military. Colleen Kollar-Kotelly Colleen Kollar-Kotelly (born April 17, 1943) is a United States District Judge of the United States District Court for the District of Columbia and was Presiding Judge of the Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Court. Kollar-Kotelly was born in New York City, the daughter of Irene (\"\"née\"\" Crowley) and Konstantine Kollar,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 27 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10213722", "chunk_text": "\"Colleen Kollar-Kotelly\"\nColleen Kollar-Kotelly Colleen Kollar-Kotelly (born April 17, 1943) is a United States District Judge of the United States District Court for the District of Columbia and was Presiding Judge of the Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Court. Kollar-Kotelly was born in New York City, the daughter of Irene (\"\"née\"\" Crowley) and Konstantine Kollar, an environmental engineer. Her paternal grandparents, Paul and Anna Kollár, were emigrants from Hungary. She has one sister, Dr. Ellen Kollar. Konstantine Kollar worked at the U.S. Department of Commerce, where he was responsible for the planning of water resources, and he also served as a consultant to the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 28 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7262809", "chunk_text": "\"United States Intelligence Community Oversight\"\nalarming information. Another secrecy issue is the intelligence budget. The Constitution in Article 1, Section 9, paragraph 7, requires accounts of all public money be published \"\"from time to time.\"\" Many Administrations have argued using the vagueness of the statement, that disclosing intelligence budget figures would harm National Security. The United States Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Court (FISC) is a U.S. federal court established and authorized under the Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Act of 1978 (FISA) to oversee requests for surveillance warrants against foreign spies inside the United States by federal law enforcement and intelligence agencies. Such requests are made most often", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 29 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7522598", "chunk_text": "\"United States Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Court\"\nthese surveillance warrants (called a FISA warrant) is made before an individual judge of the court. The court may allow third parties to submit briefs as \"\"amici curiae\"\". When the U.S. Attorney General determines that an emergency exists, the Attorney General may authorize the emergency employment of electronic surveillance before obtaining the necessary authorization from the FISC, if the Attorney General or their designee notifies a judge of the court at the time of authorization and applies for a warrant as soon as practicable but not more than seven days after authorization of such surveillance, as required by . If", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 30 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19221305", "chunk_text": "\"Michael W. Mosman\"\nMichael W. Mosman Michael Wise Mosman (born December 23, 1956) is the Chief United States District Judge of the United States District Court for the District of Oregon, and is simultaneously serving a 2013-2020 term on the FISA Court. The Oregon native previously served as the United States Attorney for the same district. Michael Mosman was born in the Willamette Valley of Oregon in 1956 in the city of Eugene. He grew up in Lewiston, Idaho, the son of an attorney and judge with an older sister and three younger brothers. He attended Ricks College in Idaho, which is now", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 31 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5765906", "chunk_text": "\"Mass surveillance in the United States\"\nof the Church Committee revealed the following statistics: In response to the committee's findings, the United States Congress passed the Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Act in 1978, which lead to the establishment of the United States Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Court, which was authorised to issue surveillance warrants. Several decades later in 2013, the presiding judge of the FISA Court, Reggie Walton, told \"\"The Washington Post\"\" that the court only has a limited ability to supervise the government's surveillance, and is therefore \"\"forced\"\" to rely upon the accuracy of the information that is provided by federal agents. On August 17, 1975 Senator", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 32 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10554347", "chunk_text": "\"United States Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Court of Review\"\na distinction between whether the plaintiff has shown injury for purposes of standing and whether the plaintiff can succeed on the merits.\"\" \"\"Note that the start dates of service for some judges conflict among sources.\"\" United States Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Court of Review The United States Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Court of Review (FISCR) is a U.S. federal court whose sole purpose is to review denials of applications for electronic surveillance warrants (called FISA warrants) by the United States Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Court (or FISC). The FISCR was established by the Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Act of 1978 (known as FISA for", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 33 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14043155", "chunk_text": "\"PRISM (surveillance program)\"\none-sided presentation of the issues.\"\" According to the New York Times, \"\"the result is a court whose reach is expanding far beyond its original mandate and without any substantive check.\"\" James Robertson, a former federal district judge based in Washington who served on the secret Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Act court for three years between 2002 and 2005 and who ruled against the Bush administration in the landmark \"\"Hamdan v. Rumsfeld\"\" case, said FISA court is independent but flawed because only the government's side is represented effectively in its deliberations. \"\"Anyone who has been a judge will tell you a judge", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 34 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1258912", "chunk_text": "\"Anne C. Conway\"\nDistrict of Florida on July 24, 1991, to the seat vacated by Judge George C. Carr. Confirmed by the Senate on November 21, 1991, she received commission on November 25, 1991. She served as Chief Judge from 2008 to 2015. She assumed senior status on August 1, 2015. She is stationed at the Orlando Division of the court. In April 2016 Chief Justice John Roberts appointed Conway to the United States Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Court for a term starting May 19, 2016. Judge Conway approved a 2017 FISA Court warrant for Carter Page, a former adviser to the 2016 Trump", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 35 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1646714", "chunk_text": "\"United States Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Court\"\nparty (the Republican Party), hear no opposing testimony and feel no pressure from colleagues or the public to moderate their rulings, group polarization is almost a certainty. \"\"There's the real possibility that these judges become more extreme over time, even when they had only a mild bias to begin with\"\", Sanchez said. The court's judges are appointed solely by the Chief Justice of the United States without confirmation or oversight by the U.S. Congress. This gives the chief justice the ability to appoint like-minded judges and create a court without diversity. \"\"The judges are hand-picked by someone who, through his", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 36 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19911873", "chunk_text": "\"Rudolph Contreras\"\nRudolph Contreras Rudolph Contreras (born December 6, 1962) is a United States District Judge of the United States District Court for the District of Columbia. In December 2017 he briefly presided over the case of former national security adviser Michael Flynn, accepting Flynn's guilty plea but was later recused from the case. He is also serving as a judge on the United States Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Court. Contreras was born in 1962 in Miami, Florida to Cuban immigrant parents and raised in Miami, Florida. He received a Bachelor of Science from Florida State University in 1984 and a Juris Doctor", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 37 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7522638", "chunk_text": "\"United States Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Court\"\nhowever, subject to the Fourth Amendment. The Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Court held in October 2011, citing multiple Supreme Court precedents, that the Fourth Amendment prohibition against unreasonable searches and seizures applies to the contents of all communications, whatever the means, because \"\"a person's private communications are akin to personal papers\"\". Former FISC judge Colleen Kollar-Kotelly, who provided the legal foundation for the NSA amassing a database of all Americans' phone records, told associates in the summer of 2013 that she wanted her legal argument out. Rulings for the plaintiff in cases brought by the ACLU on September 10 and 12,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 38 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7522602", "chunk_text": "\"United States Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Court\"\nBush administration had been conducting surveillance against U.S. citizens without specific approval from the FISA court for each case since 2002. On December 20, 2005, Judge James Robertson resigned his position with the court, apparently in protest of the secret surveillance, and later, in the wake of the Snowden leaks of 2013, criticized the court-sanctioned expansion of the scope of government surveillance and its being allowed to craft a secret body of law. The government's apparent circumvention of the court started prior to the increase in court-ordered modifications to warrant requests. In 2011, the Obama administration secretly won permission from", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 39 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3124161", "chunk_text": "\"F. Dennis Saylor IV\"\n2003, Saylor was nominated by President George W. Bush to a seat on the United States District Court for the District of Massachusetts vacated by Robert Keeton. Saylor was confirmed by the United States Senate on June 1, 2004, and received his commission on June 2, 2004. He also served a 2011-2018 term on the FISA Court. F. Dennis Saylor IV Frank Dennis Saylor IV (born 1955) is a United States District Judge of the United States District Court for the District of Massachusetts and was formerly a Judge on the United States Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Court. Born in Royal", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 40 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7522599", "chunk_text": "\"United States Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Court\"\nan application is denied by one judge of the court, the federal government is not allowed to make the same application to a different judge of the court, but may appeal to the United States Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Court of Review. Such appeals are rare: the first appeal from the FISC to the Court of Review was made in 2002 (\"\"In re Sealed Case No. 02-001\"\"), 24 years after the founding of the court. Also rare is for FISA warrant requests to be turned down. During the 25 years from 1979 to 2004, 18,742 warrants were granted, while only four", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 41 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1258914", "chunk_text": "\"Anne C. Conway\"\nought to be asked some hard questions,” and “what happened here flouts rudimentary investigative standards.” Conway serves on the board of advisers for the Center for Governmental Responsibility at the University of Florida. Anne C. Conway Anne C. Conway (born July 30, 1950) is an American lawyer and Senior United States District Judge of the United States District Court for the Middle District of Florida. She is also serving as a Judge on the United States Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Court. Conway was born in Cleveland, Ohio. She received her Bachelor of Arts degree from John Carroll University in 1972 and", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 42 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11004838", "chunk_text": "\"In re Opinions and Orders of This Court Containing Novel or Significant Interpretations of Law (2016)\"\nof the United States Constitution. Critics of the Fisa court, like United States Senator Ron Wyden (Oregon) have said these classified rulings are a body of \"\"secret law\"\" which throws away congressionally enacted privacy restrictions. The United States executive branch, and others, respond that US surveillance practices and proceedings must be kept in complete secrecy for national security reasons. The USA Freedom Act of 2015 mandates that the Fisa court release \"\"novel\"\" interpretations of the law (which thereby set precedent for future authority and cases), but does not clearly mandate retroactive disclosure. The ACLU argued that meaningful democratic debate and", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 43 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13361720", "chunk_text": "\"Ronald Lee Gilman\"\nCourt of Appeals for the Sixth Circuit decided to vacate the District Court's decision that the extrajudicial electronic intercepts of the National Security Agency, where one party is within the U.S. and the other is outside, violated the law. The Court decided that the plaintiffs lacked standing. Judge Ronald Gilman wrote a long dissent, in which he argued that the plaintiffs did have standing, and that the Terrorist Surveillance Program as originally implemented violated the FISA. Appeals judges Ronald Gilman, Gilbert Merritt, and Alan Eugene Norris unanimously reversed the decision of United States District Judge Thomas B. Russell, who had", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 44 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5581156", "chunk_text": "\"Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Act\"\nrelease of information regarding such hearings, or for the record of information actually collected. The USA Freedom Act (Section 402), however, requires the government to declassify and publicly release \"\"to the greatest extent practicable\"\" each order, decision and opinion of the court if it contains a \"\"significant construction or interpretation of law.\"\" Denials of FISA applications by the FISC may be appealed to the Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Court of Review. The Court of Review is a three judge panel. Since its creation, the court has come into session twice: in 2002 and 2008. FISC meets in secret, and approves or", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 45 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2313779", "chunk_text": "\"James E. Baker\"\nJames E. Baker James E. Baker (born March 25, 1960) is the former Chief Judge to the United States Court of Appeals for the Armed Forces. He was appointed to the Court on September 19, 2000 and became its Chief Judge upon the expiration of Andrew S. Effron's term in September, 2011. On June 22, 2016, President Barack Obama appointed Judge Baker to the Public Interest Declassification Board. Judge Baker was born in New Haven, Connecticut and grew up in Cambridge, Massachusetts. He graduated from Yale College in 1982 and Yale Law School in 1990. Following college he served in", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 46 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8271617", "chunk_text": "\"Rosemary M. Collyer\"\nShe assumed senior status on May 18, 2016. In 2013, Collyer was appointed by the Chief Justice of the United States to a seven-year term on the Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Court. The Court provides a measure of judicial oversight over surveillance activities under the Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Act, as amended. Judge Collyer's term on the FIS Court began on March 8, 2013 and will conclude on March 7, 2020. She replaced Judge John D. Bates, whose term ended on February 21, 2013. Judge Collyer presided over a number of habeas corpus petitions submitted on behalf of Guantanamo captives. In \"\"United", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 47 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1258910", "chunk_text": "\"Anne C. Conway\"\nAnne C. Conway Anne C. Conway (born July 30, 1950) is an American lawyer and Senior United States District Judge of the United States District Court for the Middle District of Florida. She is also serving as a Judge on the United States Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Court. Conway was born in Cleveland, Ohio. She received her Bachelor of Arts degree from John Carroll University in 1972 and her Juris Doctor from the University of Florida College of Law in 1975. At UF Law she was executive editor of \"\"Florida Law Review\"\" and interned with Legal Aid. After graduating law school,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 48 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1646711", "chunk_text": "\"United States Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Court\"\nwe're presenting something that the [FISC] will approve. That is hardly a rubber stamp. It's rather extensive and serious judicial oversight of this process.\"\" A 2003 Senate Judiciary Committee \"\"Interim Report on FBI Oversight in the 107th Congress by the Senate Judiciary Committee: FISA Implementation Failures\"\" cited the \"\"unnecessary secrecy\"\" of the court among its \"\"most important conclusions\"\": In a July 2013 interview, Senator and privacy advocate Ron Wyden described the FISC warrant process as \"\"the most one-sided legal process in the United States\"\". \"\"I don't know of any other legal system or court that really doesn't highlight anything except", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 49 } ]
test_3403	when did martial law in the philippines end?	n/a	[ "1981", "81" ]	[]	n/a	n/a	n/a	[]	[ { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4342535", "chunk_text": "\"Martial law in the Philippines\"\n\"\"guests\"\" of the (Chinese) government, feuding bitterly among themselves and with the party leadership in the Philippines\"\". Martial law was lifted by President Marcos on January 17, 1981, through Proclamation 2045, and he continued to rule the country until 1986 when he went to exile after the People Power Revolution. On December 4, 2009, through Proclamation No. 1959, President Gloria Macapagal Arroyo officially placed Maguindanao province under a state of martial law, thereby suspending the privilege of the writ of habeas corpus. Executive Secretary Eduardo Ermita said the step was taken in order to avert the escalation of \"\"lawless\"\" violence", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 0 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10954011", "chunk_text": "\"Martial law under Ferdinand Marcos\"\nreturn. Martial law under Ferdinand Marcos At 7:17 pm on September 23, 1972, President Ferdinand Marcos announced that he had placed the entirety of the Philippines under martial law. This marked the beginning of a 14-year period of one man rule which would effectively last until Marcos was exiled from the country on February 25, 1986. Even though the formal document proclaiming martial law - Proclamation No. 1081 - was formally lifted on January 17, 1981, Marcos retained virtually all of his powers as dictator until he was ousted by the EDSA Revolution. While the period of Philippine history in", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 1 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2201403", "chunk_text": "\"Martial law under Ferdinand Marcos\"\nMartial law under Ferdinand Marcos At 7:17 pm on September 23, 1972, President Ferdinand Marcos announced that he had placed the entirety of the Philippines under martial law. This marked the beginning of a 14-year period of one man rule which would effectively last until Marcos was exiled from the country on February 25, 1986. Even though the formal document proclaiming martial law - Proclamation No. 1081 - was formally lifted on January 17, 1981, Marcos retained virtually all of his powers as dictator until he was ousted by the EDSA Revolution. While the period of Philippine history in which", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 2 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4355860", "chunk_text": "\"Proclamation No. 1081\"\nProclamation No. 1081 Proclamation № 1081 was the document which contained formal proclamation of martial law in the Philippines by President Ferdinand Marcos, as announced to the public on 23 September 1972. The proclamation marked the beginning of a 14-year period of one man rule which would effectively last until Marcos was exiled from the country on February 25, 1986. Even though the formal document proclaiming Martial Law - Proclamation No. 1081 - was formally lifted on January 17, 1981, Marcos retained virtually all of his powers as dictator until he was ousted by the EDSA Revolution in February 1986.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 3 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3698039", "chunk_text": "\"Martial law\"\nwar between the Philippines and the United States and the United Kingdom, effective 10:00 that day. The country was under martial law again from 1972 to 1981 under President Ferdinand Marcos. Proclamation № 1081 (\"\"Proclaiming a State of Martial Law in the Philippines\"\") was signed on 21 September 1972 and came into force on 22 September. The official reason behind the declaration was to suppress increasing civil strife and the threat of a communist takeover, particularly after a series of bombings (including the Plaza Miranda bombing) and an assassination attempt on Defense Minister Juan Ponce Enrile in Mandaluyong. The policy", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 4 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7950098", "chunk_text": "\"Martial law in the Philippines\"\nOn 23 June another decree signed by Aguinaldo was issued, replacing the Dictatorial Government with a Revolutionary Government, with himself as President. On 2 January 1942, after Manila was captured, the commander-in-chief of the Imperial Forces Lt. Gen. Masaharu Homma proclaimed martial law in all occupied areas. President José P. Laurel of the wartime Second Philippine Republic placed the Philippines under martial law in 1944 through Proclamation No. 29, dated September 21. Martial law came into effect on September 22, 1944. Proclamation No. 30 was issued the next day, declaring the existence of a state of war between the Philippines", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 5 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10953989", "chunk_text": "\"Martial law under Ferdinand Marcos\"\nFor most of the Philippines, therefore, martial law was thus properly implemented when it was announced on the evening of September 23, 1972. The implementation of martial law began sometime before midnight on September 22, with the arrest of Benigno Aquino Jr.. By dawn of the following day, 1973, many of the 400 individuals listed on the Military's priority arrest list - journalists, members of the political opposition, constitutional convention delegates, outspoken lawyers, teachers, and students - had been detained. Media outlets were shuttered, although those linked with Marcos crony Roberto Benedicto were allowed to reopen within the day. Soon", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 6 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5859325", "chunk_text": "\"Proclamation No. 1081\"\nany such firearm except to those who are being sent abroad in the service of the Philippines. Proclamation No. 1081 Proclamation № 1081 was the document which contained formal proclamation of martial law in the Philippines by President Ferdinand Marcos, as announced to the public on 23 September 1972. The proclamation marked the beginning of a 14-year period of one man rule which would effectively last until Marcos was exiled from the country on February 25, 1986. Even though the formal document proclaiming Martial Law - Proclamation No. 1081 - was formally lifted on January 17, 1981, Marcos retained virtually", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 7 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4919040", "chunk_text": "\"History of the Philippines\"\nof the senatorial slate of the Liberal Party on August 21, 1971 prompted Marcos to suspend the writ of habeas corpus, which he restored on January 11, 1972 after public protests. Amidst the rising wave of lawlessness and the conveniently timed threat of a looming Communist insurgency, Marcos declared martial law on September 21, 1972 by virtue of Proclamation No. 1081. The Nacionalista president, ruling by decree, curtailed press freedom and other civil liberties, abolished Congress, closed down major media establishments, ordered the arrest of opposition leaders and militant activists, including his staunchest critics: senators Benigno Aquino, Jr., Jovito Salonga", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 8 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13810947", "chunk_text": "\"Martial law in the Philippines\"\nPonce Enrile. Six hours after the alleged assassination attempt against Enrile and citing more than 15 bombing incidences, chaos and lawlessness, Marcos issued Proclamation No. 1081, declaring and imposing martial law in the entire country. By declaring martial law, Marcos suspended the writ of habeas corpus and also the 1935 Constitution, dissolved Congress and padlocked the doors to the Batasang Pambansa, and assuming both legislative and executive powers. Proclamation No. 1081 was dated 21 September 1972 but it was actually signed on 17 September. The formal announcement or promulgation of the proclamation was made only at seven-thirty in the evening", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 9 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4342498", "chunk_text": "\"Martial law in the Philippines\"\nMartial law in the Philippines Martial law in the Philippines () refers to several intermittent periods in Philippine history wherein the Philippine head of state (such as the President) places an area under the control of the Armed Forces of the Philippines and its predecessor bodies. Martial law is declared either when there is near-violent civil unrest or in cases of major natural disasters, however most countries use a different legal construct like \"\"state of emergency\"\". Typically, the imposition of martial law accompanies curfews, the suspension of civil law, civil rights, habeas corpus, and the application or extension of military", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 10 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7553364", "chunk_text": "\"History of the Philippines (1965–86)\"\ndeclared his intention to lift martial law by the end of January 1981. The reassuring words for the skeptic came on the occasion of the University of the Philippines law alumni reunion on December 12, 1980 when the President declared: \"\"We must erase once and for all from the public mind any doubts as to our resolve to bring martial law to an end and to minister to an orderly transition to parliamentary government.\"\" The apparent forthright irrevocable commitment was cast at the 45th anniversary celebration of the Armed Forces of the Philippines on December 22, 1980 when the President", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 11 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2031397", "chunk_text": "\"Martial law\"\nwas condemned worldwide as the worst loss of life of media professionals in one day. On 23 May 2017, President Rodrigo Duterte declared martial law throughout the main southern island of Mindanao, through Proclamation No. 216, due to the attack of Maute Group in Marawi City, Lanao del Sur. It was announced in a briefing in Moscow by Secretary Ernesto Abella, and will be in effect until December. Martial law was introduced in Communist Poland on December 13, 1981 by Generals Czesław Kiszczak and Wojciech Jaruzelski to prevent democratic opposition from gaining popularity and political power in the country. Thousands", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 12 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10954008", "chunk_text": "\"Martial law under Ferdinand Marcos\"\nexpected to be fixed by only 2025. On January 17, 1981 Marcos issued \"\"Proclamation 2045\"\", which formally lifted the proclamation of martial law, but retained many of his powers. The lifting was timed to coincide with Pope John Paul II's visit to the Philippines and with the inauguration of new US President and Marcos ally Ronald Reagan. Amendment Six of the new 1973 constitution allowed him to continue making laws, and the decrees issued during martial law were carried forward after the lifting of Proclamation 1981 lifting. He also retained the right to suspend the writ of habeas corpus for", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 13 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7553365", "chunk_text": "\"History of the Philippines (1965–86)\"\nproclaimed: \"\"A few days ago, following extensive consultations with a broad representation of various sectors of the nation and in keeping with the pledge made a year ago during the seventh anniversary of the New Society, I came to the firm decision that martial law should be lifted before the end of January, 1981, and that only in a few areas where grave problems of public order and national security continue to exist will martial law continue to remain in force.\"\" After the lifting of martial law, power remained concentrated with Marcos. One scholar noted how Marcos retained \"\"all martial", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 14 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5524959", "chunk_text": "Philippines\ndate of Emilio Aguinaldo's declaration, while furthering the claim on the eastern part of North Borneo. In 1965, Macapagal lost the presidential election to Ferdinand Marcos. Early in his presidency, Marcos initiated numerous infrastructure projects but was accused of massive corruption and embezzling billions of dollars in public funds. Nearing the end of his term, Marcos declared Martial Law on September 21, 1972. This period of his rule was characterized by political repression, censorship, and human rights violations but the US were steadfast in their support. On August 21, 1983, Marcos' chief rival, opposition leader Benigno Aquino Jr., was assassinated", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 15 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14285336", "chunk_text": "\"1981 Philippine presidential election and referendum\"\nhave served another six-year term, which was cut short by the 1986 snap elections that eventually resulted in his ouster in the People Power Revolution. In a referendum held together with the election, the majority voted YES to hold the barangay elections pursuant to Proclamation № 2088. On January 17, 1981, President Marcos announced the lifting of martial law via Proclamation № 2045; in his address, he also inaugurated the \"\"New Republic.\"\" Although martial law has ended, Marcos retained all of the presidential decrees, legislative powers and the suspension of the privilege of the writ of habeas corpus. The lifting", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 16 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12050633", "chunk_text": "\"Escalante massacre\"\nEscalante massacre The Escalante massacre was an incident on September 20, 1985 in Escalante City, Negros Occidental, Philippines where para-military forces of the government gunned down civilians engaged in a protest-rally in commemoration of the 13th anniversary of the declaration of Martial Law. It is also called Escam - shorthand for \"\"Escalante massacre\"\", and sometimes Bloody Thursday, though the massacre really happened on a Friday. The declaration of martial law on September 21, 1972 by President Ferdinand Marcos proved to be the dawning of darker days for the country. Although martial rule was lifted by Marcos on January 17, 1981,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 17 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7950123", "chunk_text": "\"Martial law in the Philippines\"\nLt. Victor Corpuz, guilty for illegal possession of fire arms, subversion, and murder, and was sentenced them to death by firing squad by a Military Court. The death sentence was never carried out by the Marcos government. There was some controversy whether the ambush on Enrile used as one of the justifications to declare Martial Law was staged. However, Enrile himself denied that it was staged in his memoir and defended the declaration of martial law: Enrile publicly stated on February 22, 1986, that the ambush had been faked. Fidel V. Ramos also stated in a 2012 book that \"\"Enrile", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 18 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5788003", "chunk_text": "\"Catalino Macaraig Jr.\"\nthe Philippine Military Bases Panel and the North Borneo Claim, U.P. Law Center’s Revised Administrative Code Project and Special Committee Symposium on the Treatment of Offenders, and Constitutional Revision Project. On September 21, 1972, Philippine President Ferdinand E. Marcos declared Martial Law in the Philippines. In 1978, the Philippine’s form of government was converted from presidential to parliamentary; hence, the Department of Justice became the Ministry of Justice, while Macaraig became a Deputy Minister of Justice. Macaraig stayed on in government because he believed that honest public servants and career officials should not abandon the ship of state, even if", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 19 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5859320", "chunk_text": "\"Proclamation No. 1081\"\nof China, and that Taiwan is part of Chinese territory, Chinese Premier Zhou Enlai pledged to stop supporting the Philippine communist rebels. The government subsequently captured NPA leaders Bernabe Buscayno in 1976 and Jose Maria Sison in 1977. The Washington Post in an interview with former Philippine Communist Party Officials, revealed that, \"\"they (local communist party officials) wound up languishing in China for 10 years as unwilling \"\"guests\"\" of the (Chinese) government, feuding bitterly among themselves and with the party leadership in the Philippines\"\". President Marcos formally lifted Martial Law on 17 January 1981, several weeks before the first pastoral", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 20 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4342499", "chunk_text": "\"Martial law in the Philippines\"\nlaw or military justice to civilians. Civilians defying martial law may be subjected to military tribunals (court-martial). In April 1871, Governor-General Rafael de Izquierdo declared martial law in the provinces of Cavite and Pampanga as a measure against banditry. Hostilities that began the Philippine Revolution of 1896 started on the evening of 21 August 1896, when hundreds of rebels attacked the Civil Guard garrison in Pasig, just as hundreds of other rebels personally led by Andrés Bonifacio were massing in San Juan del Monte, which they attacked hours later on the 30th. Bonifacio planned to capture \"\"El Polvorin\"\", the San", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 21 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4276124", "chunk_text": "\"Martial law\"\nbe equivalent to the state of martial law as the constitution of Pakistan of 1973 was suspended, and the Chief Justices of the Supreme Court were fired. On November 12, 2007, Musharraf issued some amendments in the Military Act, which gave the armed forces some additional powers. During the Second World War, President José P. Laurel placed the Philippines (then a client state of Imperial Japan) under martial law via Proclamation № 29, dated 21 September 1944 and enforced the following day at 09:00 PST. Proclamation № 30 was issued on 23 September, declaring the existence of a state of", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 22 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10952120", "chunk_text": "\"Martial law under Ferdinand Marcos\"\nannounced on September 23, 1972. Of the various threats cited in the Proclamation 1081 document as rationalizations for declaration of Martial Law, the most extensively described was the threat supposedly posed by Communist insurgents - specifically the newly formed Communist Party of the Philippines, a Maoist organization which had only recently broken off from the Marxist–Leninist Partido Komunista ng Pilipinas. When Marcos became president in 1965, Philippine policy and politics functioned under a Post-World War II geopolitical framework. After gaining independence from the US after the war, the Philippines had retained strong economic, political and military ties to the United", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 23 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4342536", "chunk_text": "\"Martial law in the Philippines\"\nin the province and pave the way for the swift arrest of the suspects in the massacre. Following the declaration, authorities carried out a raid on a warehouse owned by Andal Ampatuan Jr. The raid resulted in the confiscation of more than 330,000 rounds of 5.56×45mm NATO ammunition, a Humvee, and an improvised armored vehicle. Twenty militiamen were arrested on the premises. Captain James Nicolas of Special Forces was able to retrieve more high powered firearms and ammo after the incident. The state of martial law in Maguindanao was lifted on December 13, 2009. Amid the escalation of conflicts in", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 24 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4919042", "chunk_text": "\"History of the Philippines\"\nto parliamentary and allowing Marcos to stay in power beyond 1973. Marcos claimed that martial law was the prelude to creating a \"\"New Society\"\" based on new social and political values. The economy during the 1970s was robust, with budgetary and trade surpluses. The Gross National Product rose from P55 billion in 1972 to P193 billion in 1980. Tourism rose, contributing to the economy's growth. Marcos officially lifted martial law on January 17, 1981. However, he retained much of the government's power for arrest and detention. Corruption and nepotism as well as civil unrest contributed to a serious decline in", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 25 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13810942", "chunk_text": "\"Martial law in the Philippines\"\nLópezes’ Manila Chronicle, called the MV Karagatan incident as \"\"show' or “a hoax”. In a speech before Senate, Benigno Aquino, Jr. warned the public of the possible establishment of a “garrison state” by President Ferdinand Marcos. President Marcos imposed martial law on the nation from 1972 to 1981 to suppress increasing civil strife and the threat of a communist takeover following a series of bombings in Manila. Aquino himself had contact with leaders of Communist Party of the Philippines — first with founder Jose Maria Sison, and later with Rodolfo Salas, CPP chair at the height of Martial Law. In", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 26 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18431107", "chunk_text": "\"Ratification Cases\"\nRatification Cases The Ratification Cases, officially titled as Javellana v. Executive Secretary (G.R. No. L-36142, March 31, 1973; 50 SCRA 30), was a 1973 Supreme Court of the Philippines case that allowed the 1973 Philippine Constitution to come into full force, which led to dictator President Ferdinand Marcos staying in power and ruling by decree until he was ousted by the People Power Revolution, in 1986. The decision became the cornerstone of subsequent decisions whenever the validity of the 1973 Constitution was questioned. Marcos declared martial law on September 21, 1972. The Congress of the Philippines was then padlocked, and", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 27 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7950099", "chunk_text": "\"Martial law in the Philippines\"\nand the US and Great Britain. This took effect on September 23, 1944. Around 1970, student activism had intensified and many student activists joined communist movements. Kabataang Makabayan (Patriotic Youth, or 'KM') a political organization founded by José María Sison intended to be a nationwide extension of the Student Cultural Association of the University of the Philippines, carried out study sessions on Marxism–Leninism and intensified the deployment of urban activists in rural areas to prepare for People's war. The line between leftist activists and communists became increasingly blurred, as a significant number of KM advanced activists joined the party of", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 28 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16026708", "chunk_text": "\"Conscription in the Philippines\"\nreserves in training. Ferdinand Marcos declared martial law on 21 September 1972. He issued at least two Presidential Decrees governing the terms of conscription of trainees into selective emergency military service, one for a period of 12 months in 1973 and another for a period of 18 months in 1974. Conscription remains a possibility as Section 4, Article II of the Constitution of the Philippines states: In addition, the National Service Training Program, instituted by virtue of Republic Act 9163, is a training program for national service, wherein both male and female college students of any baccalaureate degree course or", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 29 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2031396", "chunk_text": "\"Martial law\"\nOn 4 December 2009, President Arroyo officially placed the Province of Maguindanao under a state of martial law through Proclamation № 1959. As with the last imposition, the declaration suspended the writ of habeas corpus in the province. The announcement came days after hundreds of government troops were sent to the province to raid the armories of the powerful Ampatuan clan. The Ampatuans were implicated in the massacre of 58 persons, including women from the rival Mangudadatu clan, human rights lawyers, and 31 media workers. Cited as one of the bloodiest incidents of political violence in Philippine history, the massacre", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 30 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13810939", "chunk_text": "\"Martial law in the Philippines\"\nand a coup d’etat, then declare martial law or suspend the privilege of the writ of habeas corpus – and arrest all including the legal cadres. Right now I am inclined towards the latter.\"\" At the height of armed communist insurgency in the Philippines, Philippine Military Academy instructor Lt. Victor Corpuz led New People's Army rebels in a raid on the PMA armory, capturing rifles, machine guns, grenade launchers, a bazooka and thousands of rounds of ammunition in 1970. In 1972, China, which was then actively supporting and arming communist insurgencies in Asia as part of Mao Zedong's People's War", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 31 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "630151", "chunk_text": "\"Martial law under Ferdinand Marcos\"\nStates, manifested in a Mutal Defense Treaty (MDT), Military Assistance Agreement (MAA), a US Military Advisory Group (JUSMAG), and the physical presence of several Military Bases where the US Military could conduct \"\"\"\"unhampered US military operations\"\"\"\" for 99 years (later reduced to 50). Filipino Presidents were very politically dependent on US Support, and this did not change until the end of the cold war in 1989, and the termination of the 1947 US Military Bases Treaty, in 1992. With its close ties to the US, the Philippines was ideologically caught up in the anticommunist scare perpetuated by the US during", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 32 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4919065", "chunk_text": "\"History of the Philippines\"\nsecretly buried by the Philippine National Police, Armed Forces of the Philippines, and the family and friends of Ferdinand Marcos, despite the Supreme Court order being non-executory due to protocol. Later in the afternoon, the event was made public. On May 23, 2017, President Rodrigo Duterte signed Proclamation No. 216 declaring a 60-day martial law in Mindanao following clashes between government forces and the Maute group in Marawi. History of the Philippines The history of the Philippines is believed to have begun with the arrival of the first humans using rafts or boats at least 67,000 years ago as the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 33 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13810952", "chunk_text": "\"Martial law in the Philippines\"\nFidel Ramos. In total, there were 3,257 extrajudicial killings, 35,000 individual tortures, and 70,000 were incarcerated. Of the 3,257 killed, some 2,520, or 77 percent of all victims, were salvaged—that is, tortured, mutilated, and dumped on a roadside for public display. It is also reported that 737 Filipinos disappeared between 1975 and 1985. The Civilian Home Defense Force, a precursor of Civilian Armed Forces Geographical Unit (CAFGU), was organized by President Marcos to battle with the communist and Islamic insurgency problem, has particularly been accused of notoriously inflicting human right violations on leftists, the NPA, Muslim insurgents, and rebels against", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 34 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "630158", "chunk_text": "\"Martial law under Ferdinand Marcos\"\noperations as a propaganda technique. This includes: the August 1971 Plaza Miranda bombing; the 1972 Manila bombings from March to September of that year; and the alleged September 1972 Ambush of Defense Minister Juan Ponce Enrile. Several conflicting accounts about exist regarding the exact date on which Marcos signed the physical Proclamation No. 1081 document, which placed the entirety of the Philippines under martial law. Whichever the case, the document was formally dated 21 September because of his superstitions and numerological beliefs concerning the number seven. The Official Gazette of the republic of the Philippines, in a retrospective article on", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 35 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4342541", "chunk_text": "\"Martial law in the Philippines\"\nfrom Muslim Maranao vaults during the war. Numerous reports of Maranao peoples being harassed, electrocuted, punched, and pointed on with guns also surfaced. Many of the victims have climbed to the mountains in fear of military or police retaliation after the expose. Martial law in the Philippines Martial law in the Philippines () refers to several intermittent periods in Philippine history wherein the Philippine head of state (such as the President) places an area under the control of the Armed Forces of the Philippines and its predecessor bodies. Martial law is declared either when there is near-violent civil unrest or", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 36 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13810940", "chunk_text": "\"Martial law in the Philippines\"\nDoctrine, transported 1,200 M-14 and AK-47 rifles for the NPA to speed up NPA's campaign to defeat the government. Prior to the 1975, the Philippine government maintained a close relationship with the Kuomintang-ruled Chinese government which fled to Taiwan (Republic of China), despite the Chinese Communist Victory in 1949, and saw Communist China (People's Republic of China) as a security threat due to China's financial and military support of Communist rebels in the country. In a speech in February 2017 at the Methodist Protestants’ Cosmopolitan Church in Manila, Enrile said: “The most significant event that made President Marcos decide to", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 37 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12520536", "chunk_text": "\"Proclamation No. 216\"\nof Marawi, stating that six soldiers looted stole jewelries and cash from houses in the city. Proclamation No. 216 Proclamation No. 216 is the 2017 proclamation of martial law and suspension of the privilege of the writ of habeas corpus in the whole of Mindanao, issued by Philippine President Rodrigo Duterte on May 23, 2017. At 10:00 p.m. PST () on May 23, 2017, amid a Maute Group-related escalation of conflicts in Mindanao as well as recent clashes in Marawi between the Armed Forces of the Philippines and the Islamist group, Philippine President Rodrigo Duterte placed the whole of Mindanao,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 38 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13810949", "chunk_text": "\"Martial law in the Philippines\"\nduring the martial law, countered by arguing that the liberal and communist parties provoked martial law imposition. Martial law was ratified by 90.77% of the voters during the Philippine Martial Law referendum, 1973 though the referendum was marred with controversy. Primitivo Mijares, a Marcos detractor and author of the book Conjugal dictatorship, alleged that there could not have been any valid referendum held from January 10 to 15, 1973 claiming the 35,000 citizen's assemblies never met and that voting was by show of hands. The 1935 Constitution was replaced with the 1972 Constitution after the new constitution was ratified by", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 39 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18679819", "chunk_text": "\"Congress of the Philippines\"\ngranted independence on July 4, 1946. Upon the inauguration of the Republic of the Philippines on July 4, 1946, Republic Act No. 6 was enacted providing that on the date of the proclamation of the Republic of the Philippines, the existing Congress would be known as the First Congress of the Republic. Successive Congresses were elected until President Ferdinand Marcos declared martial law on September 23, 1972. Marcos then ruled by decree. As early as 1970, Marcos had convened a constitutional convention to revise the 1935 constitution; in 1973, the Constitution was approved. It abolished the bicameral Congress and created", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 40 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12830539", "chunk_text": "\"Human rights in the Philippines\"\nthe rights of ICCs/IPs to: It declared that the State recognizes its obligations to respond to the strong expression of the ICCs/IPs for cultural integrity by assuring maximum ICC/IP participation in the direction of education, health, as well as other services of ICCs/IPs, in order to render such services more responsive to the needs and desires of these communities. On 21 September 1972, then President Ferdinand Marcos declared Martial Law in the Philippines. Marcos gave the armed forces the power to \"\"prevent or suppress… any act of insurrection or rebellion\"\" which compromised the people's rights. A total of 398 disappearances,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 41 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4919041", "chunk_text": "\"History of the Philippines\"\nand Jose Diokno. The declaration of martial law was initially well received, given the social turmoil the Philippines was experiencing. Crime rates plunged dramatically after a curfew was implemented. Many political opponents were forced to go into exile. Corazon C. Aquino, the Wife of Benigno Aquino, Jr. replaced Marcos by an Election on 1986. A constitutional convention, which had been called for in 1970 to replace the colonial 1935 Constitution, continued the work of framing a new constitution after the declaration of martial law. The new constitution went into effect in early 1973, changing the form of government from presidential", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 42 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10953999", "chunk_text": "\"Martial law under Ferdinand Marcos\"\nlaw. The opposition bloc had effectively been decimated and the threat of imprisonment hung over any delegates who might voice opposition in the convention. The regular rules of the convention were suspended and a 166-member group headed by Marcos-supporting Delegate Gilberto Duavit came up with a new draft of the constitution. By November 29, 1972 - a little over two months after the declaration of martial law, the convention approved the draft, and it was presented to Ferdinand Marcos in Malacañang palace on December 1, 1972. Marcos' 14 years as dictator is historically remembered for its record of human rights", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 43 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5576474", "chunk_text": "\"Fidel Ramos\"\nall civic and municipal police forces in the country were integrated by decree, and it became known as the Integrated National Police (INP), which was under the control and supervision of the Constabulary. As head of the PC, Ramos was \"\"ex officio\"\" the INP's first concurrent Director-General. Martial Law was formally lifted nine years later on January 17, 1981, but Marcos retained absolute powers. Due to his accomplishments, Ramos became one of the candidates to become the new chief of staff of the Armed Forces of the Philippines in 1981, to replace retiring General Romeo Espino. longest Martial law, chief", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 44 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12520510", "chunk_text": "\"Proclamation No. 216\"\nProclamation No. 216 Proclamation No. 216 is the 2017 proclamation of martial law and suspension of the privilege of the writ of habeas corpus in the whole of Mindanao, issued by Philippine President Rodrigo Duterte on May 23, 2017. At 10:00 p.m. PST () on May 23, 2017, amid a Maute Group-related escalation of conflicts in Mindanao as well as recent clashes in Marawi between the Armed Forces of the Philippines and the Islamist group, Philippine President Rodrigo Duterte placed the whole of Mindanao, including Basilan, Sulu, and Tawi-Tawi, under martial law. The proclamation was announced during a press briefing", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 45 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11436873", "chunk_text": "\"Economy of the Philippines\"\nculminating in the First Quarter Storm, where activists stormed Malacañang Palace only to be turned back by the Philippine Constabulary. This event in particular left four people dead and many injured after heavy exchanges of gunfire. There was further unrest, and in the middle of the disorder on 21 September 1972, Marcos issued Proclamation No. 1081, effectively installing martial law in the Philippines, a declaration that suspended civil rights and imposed military rule in the country. The GDP of the Philippines rose during the martial law, rising from P55 million to P193 million in about 8 years. This growth was", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 46 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8534480", "chunk_text": "\"7th Congress of the Philippines\"\n7th Congress of the Philippines The Seventh Congress of the Philippines (Filipino: \"\"Ikapitong Kongreso ng Pilipinas\"\") was the meeting of the legislature of the Republic of the Philippines, composed of the Philippine Senate and House of Representatives from January 26, 1970, until it was effectively dissolved with the declaration of martial law on September 23, 1972, by President Ferdinand Marcos. Marcos then exercised legislative powers. In 1976, Congress was replaced by the Batasang Bayan as the Philippines' legislative body until 1978, when it was replaced by the Batasang Pambansa. One-third of the Senate and the entire membership of the House", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 47 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10952123", "chunk_text": "\"Martial law under Ferdinand Marcos\"\nbasically ended by 1954. Throughout the 60s, the remnants of the PKP pursued \"\"\"\"a course of peaceful action\"\"\"\" while working to rebuild their organisation, but, this was later challenged by a youth-based Maoist group within the organization created by University Professor Jose Maria Sison, who joined the PKP in 1962. Clashing with the PKP party leaders' view that armed struggle was an exercise in futility, Sison and his group were expelled from the PKP in 1967, and on December 26, 1968 founded the Communist Party of the Philippines (CPP) along Maoist lines. While the PKP sought to marginalize this new", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 48 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7837249", "chunk_text": "\"Martial law\"\nmoney laundering issue was brought back recently, particularly in the \"\"PiliPinas Debates 2016\"\" for the recently held Philippine Presidential Elections on May 9, 2016. Ferdinand \"\"Bongbong\"\" Marcos, Jr., Marcos' son, ran for the Vice Presidency and lost. There were rumours that President Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo was planning to impose martial law to end military \"\"coup d'etat\"\" plots, general civilian dissatisfaction, and criticism of her legitimacy arising from the dubious results of the 2004 presidential elections. Instead, a State of National Emergency was imposed in 2006 from 24 February to 3 March, in order to quash a coup attempt and quell protesters.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 49 } ]
test_3404	name the four major layers of the earth in order?	n/a	[ "a liquid outer core", "an outer silicate solid crust", "a highly viscous mantle", "a solid inner core" ]	[]	n/a	n/a	n/a	[]	[ { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5679650", "chunk_text": "\"Structure of the Earth\"\nobducted onto the continental crust and preserved as ophiolite sequences. Many rocks now making up Earth's crust formed less than 100 million (1) years ago; however, the oldest known mineral grains are about 4.4 billion (4.4) years old, indicating that Earth has had a solid crust for at least 4.4 billion years. Earth's mantle extends to a depth of 2,890 km, making it the thickest layer of Earth. The mantle is divided into upper and lower mantle. The upper and lower mantle are separated by the transition zone. The lowest part of the mantle next to the core-mantle boundary is", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 0 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12190569", "chunk_text": "\"Structure of the Earth\"\nthe crust, upper mantle, lower mantle, outer core, and inner core. The geologic component layers of Earth are at the following depths below the surface: The layering of Earth has been inferred indirectly using the time of travel of refracted and reflected seismic waves created by earthquakes. The core does not allow shear waves to pass through it, while the speed of travel (seismic velocity) is different in other layers. The changes in seismic velocity between different layers causes refraction owing to Snell's law, like light bending as it passes through a prism. Likewise, reflections are caused by a large", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 1 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14434157", "chunk_text": "\"Atmosphere of Earth\"\n(see the temperature section, below). Because the general pattern of the temperature/altitude profile is constant and measurable by means of instrumented balloon soundings, the temperature behavior provides a useful metric to distinguish atmospheric layers. In this way, Earth's atmosphere can be divided (called atmospheric stratification) into five main layers. Excluding the exosphere, the atmosphere has four primary layers, which are the troposphere, stratosphere, mesosphere, and thermosphere. From highest to lowest, the five main layers are: The exosphere is the outermost layer of Earth's atmosphere (i.e. the upper limit of the atmosphere). It extends from the exobase, which is located at", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 2 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9695431", "chunk_text": "Earth\nthe Moon causes ocean tides, stabilizes Earth's orientation on its axis, and gradually slows its rotation. Earth is the densest planet in the Solar System and the largest of the four terrestrial planets. Earth's lithosphere is divided into several rigid tectonic plates that migrate across the surface over periods of many millions of years. About 71% of Earth's surface is covered with water, mostly by oceans. The remaining 29% is land consisting of continents and islands that together have many lakes, rivers and other sources of water that contribute to the hydrosphere. The majority of Earth's polar regions are covered", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 3 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17218548", "chunk_text": "\"Natural environment\"\ncryosphere (corresponding to ice) as a distinct portion of the hydrosphere, as well as the pedosphere (corresponding to soil) as an active and intermixed sphere. Earth science (also known as geoscience, the geographical sciences or the Earth Sciences), is an all-embracing term for the sciences related to the planet Earth. There are four major disciplines in earth sciences, namely geography, geology, geophysics and geodesy. These major disciplines use physics, chemistry, biology, chronology and mathematics to build a qualitative and quantitative understanding of the principal areas or \"\"spheres\"\" of Earth. The Earth's crust, or lithosphere, is the outermost solid surface of", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 4 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17191604", "chunk_text": "\"Earth science\"\nin the same ways throughout geologic time. This enables those who study Earth's history to apply knowledge of how Earth processes operate in the present to gain insight into how the planet has evolved and changed throughout deep history. Earth science generally recognizes four spheres, the lithosphere, the hydrosphere, the atmosphere, and the biosphere; these correspond to rocks, water, air and life. Also included by some are the cryosphere (corresponding to ice) as a distinct portion of the hydrosphere and the pedosphere (corresponding to soil) as an active and intermixed sphere. Earth science Earth science or geoscience includes all fields", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 5 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17191600", "chunk_text": "\"Earth science\"\nis created or destroyed, are referred to as transform (or conservative) boundaries Earthquakes result from the movement of the lithospheric plates, and they often occur near convergent boundaries where parts of the crust are forced into the Earth as part of subduction. Volcanoes result primarily from the melting of subducted crust material. Crust material that is forced into the asthenosphere melts, and some portion of the melted material becomes light enough to rise to the surface—giving birth to volcanoes. The troposphere, stratosphere, mesosphere, thermosphere, and exosphere are the five layers which make up Earth's atmosphere. In all, the atmosphere is", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 6 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14749768", "chunk_text": "Earth\n. At the other extreme, the slowest-moving plate is the Eurasian Plate, progressing at a typical rate of . The total surface area of Earth is about . Of this, 70.8%, or , is below sea level and covered by ocean water. Below the ocean's surface are much of the continental shelf, mountains, volcanoes, oceanic trenches, submarine canyons, oceanic plateaus, abyssal plains, and a globe-spanning mid-ocean ridge system. The remaining 29.2%, or , not covered by water has terrain that varies greatly from place to place and consists of mountains, deserts, plains, plateaus, and other landforms. Tectonics and erosion, volcanic", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 7 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9695469", "chunk_text": "Earth\nEarth is metamorphic rock, which is created from the transformation of pre-existing rock types through high pressures, high temperatures, or both. The most abundant silicate minerals on Earth's surface include quartz, feldspars, amphibole, mica, pyroxene and olivine. Common carbonate minerals include calcite (found in limestone) and dolomite. The elevation of the land surface varies from the low point of at the Dead Sea, to a maximum altitude of at the top of Mount Everest. The mean height of land above sea level is about . The pedosphere is the outermost layer of Earth's continental surface and is composed of soil", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 8 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12121623", "chunk_text": "\"Geological history of Earth\"\nGeological history of Earth The geological history of Earth follows the major events in Earth's past based on the geological time scale, a system of chronological measurement based on the study of the planet's rock layers (stratigraphy). Earth formed about 4.54 billion years ago by accretion from the solar nebula, a disk-shaped mass of dust and gas left over from the formation of the Sun, which also created the rest of the Solar System. Earth was initially molten due to extreme volcanism and frequent collisions with other bodies. Eventually, the outer layer of the planet cooled to form a solid", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 9 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9695459", "chunk_text": "Earth\nchlorine, sulfur, and fluorine are the important exceptions to this and their total amount in any rock is usually much less than 1%. Over 99% of the crust is composed of 11 oxides, principally silica, alumina, iron oxides, lime, magnesia, potash, and soda. Earth's interior, like that of the other terrestrial planets, is divided into layers by their chemical or physical (rheological) properties. The outer layer is a chemically distinct silicate solid crust, which is underlain by a highly viscous solid mantle. The crust is separated from the mantle by the Mohorovičić discontinuity. The thickness of the crust varies from", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 10 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17581502", "chunk_text": "\"Oxygen cycle\"\nOxygen cycle The oxygen cycle is the biogeochemical cycle of oxygen within its four main reservoirs: the atmosphere (air), the total content of biological matter within the biosphere (the global sum of all ecosystems), the hydrosphere (the combined mass of water found on, under, and over the surface of planet Earth), and the lithosphere/Earth's crust. The main driving factor of the oxygen cycle is photosynthesis, which is responsible for the modern Earth's atmosphere and life on Earth in its current form (see the Great Oxygenation Event). By far the largest reservoir of Earth's oxygen is within the silicate and oxide", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 11 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9695464", "chunk_text": "Earth\nthrough plate tectonics, by mantle upwelling associated with mid-ocean ridges. The final major mode of heat loss is through conduction through the lithosphere, the majority of which occurs under the oceans because the crust there is much thinner than that of the continents. Earth's mechanically rigid outer layer, the lithosphere, is divided into tectonic plates. These plates are rigid segments that move relative to each other at one of three boundaries types: At convergent boundaries, two plates come together; at divergent boundaries, two plates are pulled apart; and at transform boundaries, two plates slide past one another laterally. Along these", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 12 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1865797", "chunk_text": "\"History of Earth\"\nEarth's continents and oceans and the life they harbor. Human activity is now a dominant force affecting global change, harming the biosphere, the Earth's surface, hydrosphere, and atmosphere with the loss of wild lands, over-exploitation of the oceans, production of greenhouse gases, degradation of the ozone layer, and general degradation of soil, air, and water quality. In geochronology, time is generally measured in mya (megayears or million years), each unit representing the period of approximately 1,000,000 years in the past. The history of Earth is divided into four great eons, starting 4,540 mya with the formation of the planet. Each", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 13 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11876485", "chunk_text": "Craton\nCraton A craton (, , or ; from \"\"kratos\"\" \"\"strength\"\") is an old and stable part of the continental lithosphere, where the lithosphere consists of the Earth's two topmost layers, the crust and the uppermost mantle. Having often survived cycles of merging and rifting of continents, cratons are generally found in the interiors of tectonic plates. They are characteristically composed of ancient crystalline basement rock, which may be covered by younger sedimentary rock. They have a thick crust and deep lithospheric roots that extend as much as several hundred kilometres into the Earth's mantle. The term \"\"craton\"\" is used to", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 14 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15581077", "chunk_text": "Earth\nin ice, including the Antarctic ice sheet and the sea ice of the Arctic ice pack. Earth's interior remains active with a solid iron inner core, a liquid outer core that generates the Earth's magnetic field, and a convecting mantle that drives plate tectonics. Within the first billion years of Earth's history, life appeared in the oceans and began to affect the Earth's atmosphere and surface, leading to the proliferation of aerobic and anaerobic organisms. Some geological evidence indicates that life may have arisen as much as 4.1 billion years ago. Since then, the combination of Earth's distance from the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 15 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3197502", "chunk_text": "Earth\nsolar energy reaching Earth's surface decreases with increasing latitude. At higher latitudes, the sunlight reaches the surface at lower angles, and it must pass through thicker columns of the atmosphere. As a result, the mean annual air temperature at sea level decreases by about per degree of latitude from the equator. Earth's surface can be subdivided into specific latitudinal belts of approximately homogeneous climate. Ranging from the equator to the polar regions, these are the tropical (or equatorial), subtropical, temperate and polar climates. This latitudinal rule has several anomalies: The commonly used Köppen climate classification system has five broad groups", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 16 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17191598", "chunk_text": "\"Earth science\"\nas rocks or river water), then they record their findings on charts and maps. The following fields of science are generally categorized within the Earth sciences: Plate tectonics, mountain ranges, volcanoes, and earthquakes are geological phenomena that can be explained in terms of physical and chemical processes in the Earth's crust. Beneath the Earth's crust lies the mantle which is heated by the radioactive decay of heavy elements. The mantle is not quite solid and consists of magma which is in a state of semi-perpetual convection. This convection process causes the lithospheric plates to move, albeit slowly. The resulting process", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 17 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16706270", "chunk_text": "Stratum\nStratum In geology and related fields, a stratum (plural: strata) is a layer of sedimentary rock or soil, or igneous rock that were formed at the Earth's surface, with internally consistent characteristics that distinguish it from other layers. The \"\"stratum\"\" is the fundamental unit in a stratigraphic column and forms the basis of the study of stratigraphy. Each layer is generally one of a number of parallel layers that lie one upon another, laid down by natural processes. They may extend over hundreds of thousands of square kilometers of the Earth's surface. Strata are typically seen as bands of different", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 18 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1050417", "chunk_text": "Geosphere\nGeosphere There are several conflicting definitions for geosphere. The geosphere may be taken as the collective name for the lithosphere, the hydrosphere, the cryosphere, and the atmosphere. In Aristotelian physics, the term was applied to four spherical \"\"natural places\"\", concentrically nested around the center of the Earth, as described in the lectures \"\"Physica\"\" and \"\"Meteorologica\"\". They were believed to explain the motions of the four \"\"terrestrial elements:\"\" \"\"Earth\"\", \"\"Water\"\", \"\"Air\"\" and \"\"Fire\"\". In modern texts and in Earth system science, geosphere refers to the solid parts of the Earth; it is used along with atmosphere, hydrosphere, and biosphere to describe", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 19 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5679659", "chunk_text": "\"Structure of the Earth\"\ndecay of radioactive elements, and freezing of the inner core. Structure of the Earth The internal structure of the Earth is layered in spherical shells: an outer silicate solid crust, a highly viscous asthenosphere and mantle, a liquid outer core that is much less viscous than the mantle, and a solid inner core. Scientific understanding of the internal structure of the Earth is based on observations of topography and bathymetry, observations of rock in outcrop, samples brought to the surface from greater depths by volcanoes or volcanic activity, analysis of the seismic waves that pass through the Earth, measurements of", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 20 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18165306", "chunk_text": "\"Mantle (geology)\"\na thickness of making up about 84% of Earth's volume. It is predominantly solid but in geological time it behaves as a viscous fluid. Partial melting of the mantle at mid-ocean ridges produces oceanic crust, and partial melting of the mantle at subduction zones produces continental crust. The Earth's mantle is divided into two major rheological layers: the rigid lithosphere comprising the uppermost mantle, and the less viscous asthenosphere, separated by the lithosphere-asthenosphere boundary. Lithosphere underlying ocean crust has a thickness of around 100 km, whereas lithosphere underlying continental crust generally has a thickness of 150-200 km. The lithosphere and", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 21 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10585961", "chunk_text": "\"Structure of the Earth\"\nincrease in seismic velocity and are similar to light reflecting from a mirror. The Earth's crust ranges from in depth and is the outermost layer. The thin parts are the oceanic crust, which underlie the ocean basins (5–10 km) and are composed of dense (mafic) iron magnesium silicate igneous rocks, like basalt. The thicker crust is continental crust, which is less dense and composed of (felsic) sodium potassium aluminium silicate rocks, like granite. The rocks of the crust fall into two major categories – sial and sima (Suess,1831–1914). It is estimated that sima starts about 11 km below the Conrad", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 22 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8416980", "chunk_text": "Earth\nabout under the oceans to for the continents. The crust and the cold, rigid, top of the upper mantle are collectively known as the lithosphere, and it is of the lithosphere that the tectonic plates are composed. Beneath the lithosphere is the asthenosphere, a relatively low-viscosity layer on which the lithosphere rides. Important changes in crystal structure within the mantle occur at below the surface, spanning a transition zone that separates the upper and lower mantle. Beneath the mantle, an extremely low viscosity liquid outer core lies above a solid inner core. The Earth's inner core might rotate at a", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 23 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6540148", "chunk_text": "Geophysics\nS-waves in the outer core. This indicates that the outer core is liquid, because liquids cannot support shear. The outer core is liquid, and the motion of this highly conductive fluid generates the Earth's field. The inner core, however, is solid because of the enormous pressure. Reconstruction of seismic reflections in the deep interior indicate some major discontinuities in seismic velocities that demarcate the major zones of the Earth: inner core, outer core, mantle, lithosphere and crust. The mantle itself is divided into the upper mantle, transition zone, lower mantle and \"\"D′′\"\" layer. Between the crust and the mantle is", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 24 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16292525", "chunk_text": "\"Geology of solar terrestrial planets\"\n(found in limestone), aragonite, and dolomite. The pedosphere is the outermost layer of the Earth that is composed of soil and subject to soil formation processes. It exists at the interface of the lithosphere, atmosphere, hydrosphere, and biosphere. Currently the total arable land is 13.31% of the land surface, with only 4.71% supporting permanent crops. Close to 40% of the Earth's land surface is presently used for cropland and pasture, or an estimated of cropland and of pastureland. The physical features of land are remarkably varied. The largest mountain ranges—the Himalayas in Asia and the Andes in South America—extend for", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 25 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2591132", "chunk_text": "\"Geological history of Earth\"\nthe rebound of Hudson Bay, as it shrank from its larger, immediate post-glacial Tyrrell Sea phase, to near its present boundaries. Geological history of Earth The geological history of Earth follows the major events in Earth's past based on the geological time scale, a system of chronological measurement based on the study of the planet's rock layers (stratigraphy). Earth formed about 4.54 billion years ago by accretion from the solar nebula, a disk-shaped mass of dust and gas left over from the formation of the Sun, which also created the rest of the Solar System. Earth was initially molten due", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 26 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3231823", "chunk_text": "Pedosphere\nPedosphere The pedosphere (from Greek πέδον \"\"pedon\"\" \"\"soil\"\" or \"\"earth\"\" and σφαῖρα \"\"sphaira\"\" \"\"sphere\"\") is the outermost layer of the Earth that is composed of soil and subject to soil formation processes. It exists at the interface of the lithosphere, atmosphere, hydrosphere and biosphere. The pedosphere is the skin of the Earth and only develops when there is a dynamic interaction between the atmosphere (air in and above the soil), biosphere (living organisms), lithosphere (unconsolidated regolith and consolidated bedrock) and the hydrosphere (water in, on and below the soil). The pedosphere is the foundation of terrestrial life on Earth. The", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 27 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12190567", "chunk_text": "\"Structure of the Earth\"\nStructure of the Earth The internal structure of the Earth is layered in spherical shells: an outer silicate solid crust, a highly viscous asthenosphere and mantle, a liquid outer core that is much less viscous than the mantle, and a solid inner core. Scientific understanding of the internal structure of the Earth is based on observations of topography and bathymetry, observations of rock in outcrop, samples brought to the surface from greater depths by volcanoes or volcanic activity, analysis of the seismic waves that pass through the Earth, measurements of the gravitational and magnetic fields of the Earth, and experiments", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 28 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11461419", "chunk_text": "\"Geological history of Earth\"\npresent pattern of ice ages began about , then intensified at the end of the Pliocene. The polar regions have since undergone repeated cycles of glaciation and thaw, repeating every 40,000–100,000 years. The last glacial period of the current ice age ended about 10,000 years ago. The Precambrian includes approximately 90% of geologic time. It extends from 4.6 billion years ago to the beginning of the Cambrian Period (about 541 Ma). It includes three eons, the Hadean, Archean, and Proterozoic. Major volcanic events altering the Earth's environment and causing extinctions may have occurred 10 times in the past 3 billion", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 29 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7292601", "chunk_text": "\"Earth (Wu Xing)\"\nChinese conception of earth as a centring, harmonizing element has more in common with the Western notion of the planet Venus. As I Ching and Feng Shui described, Earth generally contains all elements including Fire, Water, Wood and Metal. These four types of Earth are Earth-of-water (wet Earth), Earth-of-Fire (dry Earth), Earth-of-Metal (Wet Earth) and Earth-of-Wood (dry Earth). Yellow, orange, beige and brown colors represent Earth. Earth governs Ox, Dragon, Goat and Dog. In the controlling cycle, earth controls water by damming or absorbing it; wood can overcome it by breaking it up (by the roots). In the conductive cycle,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 30 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1050419", "chunk_text": "Geosphere\nreferred to as the \"\"geopause,\"\" to suggest the relative scarcity of such matter beyond it, where the solar wind dominates. Geosphere There are several conflicting definitions for geosphere. The geosphere may be taken as the collective name for the lithosphere, the hydrosphere, the cryosphere, and the atmosphere. In Aristotelian physics, the term was applied to four spherical \"\"natural places\"\", concentrically nested around the center of the Earth, as described in the lectures \"\"Physica\"\" and \"\"Meteorologica\"\". They were believed to explain the motions of the four \"\"terrestrial elements:\"\" \"\"Earth\"\", \"\"Water\"\", \"\"Air\"\" and \"\"Fire\"\". In modern texts and in Earth system science,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 31 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3710070", "chunk_text": "\"Atmosphere of Earth\"\nAtmosphere of Earth The atmosphere of Earth is the layer of gases, commonly known as air, that surrounds the planet Earth and is retained by Earth's gravity. The atmosphere of Earth protects life on Earth by creating pressure allowing for liquid water to exist on the Earth's surface, absorbing ultraviolet solar radiation, warming the surface through heat retention (greenhouse effect), and reducing temperature extremes between day and night (the diurnal temperature variation). By volume, dry air contains 78.09% nitrogen, 20.95% oxygen, 0.93% argon, 0.04% carbon dioxide, and small amounts of other gases. Air also contains a variable amount of water", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 32 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13171700", "chunk_text": "\"Transition zone (Earth)\"\nTransition zone (Earth) The transition zone is part of the Earth’s mantle, and is located between the lower mantle and the upper mantle, between a depth of 410 and 660 km (250 to 400 mi). The Earth’s mantle, including the transition zone, consists primarily of peridotite, an ultramafic igneous rock. The mantle was divided into the upper mantle, transition zone, and lower mantle as a result of sudden seismic-velocity discontinuities at depths of 410 and 660 km (250 to 400 mi). This is thought to occur as a result of rearrangement of grains in olivine (which constitutes a large portion", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 33 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10355653", "chunk_text": "\"Transition zone (Earth)\"\nsuggested at a range of depths. Transition zone (Earth) The transition zone is part of the Earth’s mantle, and is located between the lower mantle and the upper mantle, between a depth of 410 and 660 km (250 to 400 mi). The Earth’s mantle, including the transition zone, consists primarily of peridotite, an ultramafic igneous rock. The mantle was divided into the upper mantle, transition zone, and lower mantle as a result of sudden seismic-velocity discontinuities at depths of 410 and 660 km (250 to 400 mi). This is thought to occur as a result of rearrangement of grains in", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 34 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14434192", "chunk_text": "\"Atmosphere of Earth\"\nfrom the Deep Space Climate Observatory (DSCOVR) and show Earth as it rotates during a day. Atmosphere of Earth The atmosphere of Earth is the layer of gases, commonly known as air, that surrounds the planet Earth and is retained by Earth's gravity. The atmosphere of Earth protects life on Earth by creating pressure allowing for liquid water to exist on the Earth's surface, absorbing ultraviolet solar radiation, warming the surface through heat retention (greenhouse effect), and reducing temperature extremes between day and night (the diurnal temperature variation). By volume, dry air contains 78.09% nitrogen, 20.95% oxygen, 0.93% argon, 0.04%", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 35 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3434288", "chunk_text": "Nature\nof rocks has been deposited, the rock units can be deformed and/or metamorphosed. Deformation typically occurs as a result of horizontal shortening, horizontal extension, or side-to-side (strike-slip) motion. These structural regimes broadly relate to convergent boundaries, divergent boundaries, and transform boundaries, respectively, between tectonic plates. Earth is estimated to have formed 4.54 billion years ago from the solar nebula, along with the Sun and other planets. The moon formed roughly 20 million years later. Initially molten, the outer layer of the Earth cooled, resulting in the solid crust. Outgassing and volcanic activity produced the primordial atmosphere. Condensing water vapor, most", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 36 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6800898", "chunk_text": "Soil\nSoil Soil is a mixture of organic matter, minerals, gases, liquids, and organisms that together support life. Earth's body of soil is the pedosphere, which has four important functions: it is a medium for plant growth; it is a means of water storage, supply and purification; it is a modifier of Earth's atmosphere; it is a habitat for organisms; all of which, in turn, modify the soil. The pedosphere interfaces with the lithosphere, the hydrosphere, the atmosphere, and the biosphere. The term \"\"pedolith\"\", used commonly to refer to the soil, translates to \"\"ground stone\"\". Soil consists of a solid phase", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 37 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1603897", "chunk_text": "Earth\neruptions, flooding, weathering, glaciation, the growth of coral reefs, and meteorite impacts are among the processes that constantly reshape the Earth's surface over geological time. The continental crust consists of lower density material such as the igneous rocks granite and andesite. Less common is basalt, a denser volcanic rock that is the primary constituent of the ocean floors. Sedimentary rock is formed from the accumulation of sediment that becomes buried and compacted together. Nearly 75% of the continental surfaces are covered by sedimentary rocks, although they form about 5% of the crust. The third form of rock material found on", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 38 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16024799", "chunk_text": "Land\narea—it is also used as two words. Landmasses include supercontinents, continents, and islands. There are four major continuous landmasses on Earth: Afro-Eurasia, the Americas, Antarctica and Australia. Land, capable of being ploughed and used to grow crops, is called arable land. A country or region may be referred to as the motherland, fatherland, or homeland of its people. Many countries and other places have names incorporating -land (e.g. New Zealand). The earliest material found in the Solar System is dated to (billion years ago); therefore, the Earth itself must have been formed by accretion around this time. By , the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 39 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10585965", "chunk_text": "\"Structure of the Earth\"\neasily than does the upper mantle (chemical changes within the mantle may also be important). The viscosity of the mantle ranges between 10 and 10 Pa·s, depending on depth. In comparison, the viscosity of water is approximately 10 Pa·s and that of pitch is 10 Pa·s. The source of heat that drives plate tectonics is the primordial heat left over from the planet’s formation as well as the radioactive decay of uranium, thorium, and potassium in Earth’s crust and mantle. The average density of Earth is . Because the average density of surface material is only around , we must", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 40 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12190573", "chunk_text": "\"Structure of the Earth\"\nknown as the D″ ( dee-double-prime) layer. The pressure at the bottom of the mantle is ≈140 GPa (1.4 Matm). The mantle is composed of silicate rocks that are rich in iron and magnesium relative to the overlying crust. Although solid, the high temperatures within the mantle cause the silicate material to be sufficiently ductile that it can flow on very long timescales. Convection of the mantle is expressed at the surface through the motions of tectonic plates. As there is intense and increasing pressure as one travels deeper into the mantle, the lower part of the mantle flows less", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 41 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2591098", "chunk_text": "\"Geological history of Earth\"\nEarth of the Varangian glaciation. The Phanerozoic Eon is the current eon in the geologic timescale. It covers roughly 541 million years. During this period continents drifted about, eventually collected into a single landmass known as Pangea and then split up into the current continental landmasses. The Phanerozoic is divided into three eras – the Paleozoic, the Mesozoic and the Cenozoic. Most of biological evolution occurred during this time period. The Paleozoic spanned from roughly (Ma) and is subdivided into six geologic periods; from oldest to youngest they are the Cambrian, Ordovician, Silurian, Devonian, Carboniferous and Permian. Geologically, the Paleozoic", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 42 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1865791", "chunk_text": "\"History of Earth\"\nHistory of Earth The history of Earth concerns the development of planet Earth from its formation to the present day. Nearly all branches of natural science have contributed to understanding of the main events of Earth's past, characterized by constant geological change and biological evolution. The geological time scale (GTS), as defined by international convention, depicts the large spans of time from the beginning of the Earth to the present, and its divisions chronicle some definitive events of Earth history. (In the graphic: Ga means \"\"billion years ago\"\"; Ma, \"\"million years ago\"\".) Earth formed around 4.54 billion years ago, approximately", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 43 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "861177", "chunk_text": "\"Earth (classical element)\"\nEarth (classical element) Earth is one of the classical elements, in some systems numbering four along with air, fire, and water. Earth is one of the four classical elements in ancient Greek philosophy and science. It was commonly associated with qualities of heaviness, matter and the terrestrial world. Due to the hero cults, and chthonic underworld deities, the element of \"\"earth\"\" is also associated with the sensual aspects of both life and death in later occultism. Empedocles of Acragas proposed four \"\"archai\"\" by which to understand the cosmos: \"\"fire\"\",\"\" air\"\", \"\"water\"\", and \"\"earth\"\". Plato believed the elements were geometric forms", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 44 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8726435", "chunk_text": "\"History of Earth\"\neon saw the most significant changes in Earth's composition, climate and life. Each eon is subsequently divided into eras, which in turn are divided into periods, which are further divided into epochs. The history of the Earth can be organized chronologically according to the geologic time scale, which is split into intervals based on stratigraphic analysis. The standard model for the formation of the Solar System (including the Earth) is the solar nebula hypothesis. In this model, the Solar System formed from a large, rotating cloud of interstellar dust and gas called the solar nebula. It was composed of hydrogen", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 45 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18165305", "chunk_text": "\"Mantle (geology)\"\nMantle (geology) The mantle is a layer inside a planetary body bounded below by a core and above by a crust. Mantles are made of rock or ices, and are generally the largest and most massive layer of the planetary body. Mantles are characteristic of planetary bodies that have undergone differentiation by density. All terrestrial planets (including Earth), a number of asteroids, and some planetary moons have mantles. The Earth's mantle is a layer of silicate rock between the crust and the outer core. Its mass of 4.01 × 10 kg is 67% the mass of the Earth. It has", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 46 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17191595", "chunk_text": "\"Earth science\"\nEarth science Earth science or geoscience includes all fields of natural science related to the planet Earth. It is the branch of science dealing with the physical constitution of the earth and its atmosphere. Earth science is the study of our planet’s physical characteristics, from earthquakes to raindrops, and floods to fossils. Earth science can be considered to be a branch of planetary science, but with a much older history. “Earth science” encompasses four main branches of study, the lithosphere, the hydrosphere, the atmosphere, and the biosphere, each of which is further broken down into more specialized fields. There are", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 47 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11461434", "chunk_text": "\"Geological history of Earth\"\nplates containing North America and Europe, further raising the northern Appalachian Mountains and forming the Caledonian Mountains in Great Britain and Scandinavia. The southern continents remained tied together in the supercontinent of Gondwana. The remainder of modern Eurasia lay in the Northern Hemisphere. Sea levels were high worldwide, and much of the land lay submerged under shallow seas. The deep, enormous Panthalassa (the \"\"universal ocean\"\") covered the rest of the planet. Other minor oceans were Paleo-Tethys, Proto-Tethys, Rheic Ocean and Ural Ocean (which was closed during the collision with Siberia and Baltica). The Carboniferous extends from about 358.9 ± 0.4", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 48 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14087576", "chunk_text": "\"Plate tectonics\"\na planet (the crust and upper mantle), is broken into tectonic plates. The Earth's lithosphere is composed of seven or eight major plates (depending on how they are defined) and many minor plates. Where the plates meet, their relative motion determines the type of boundary: convergent, divergent, or transform. Earthquakes, volcanic activity, mountain-building, and oceanic trench formation occur along these plate boundaries (or faults). The relative movement of the plates typically ranges from zero to 100 mm annually. Tectonic plates are composed of oceanic lithosphere and thicker continental lithosphere, each topped by its own kind of crust. Along convergent boundaries,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 49 } ]
test_3405	who won the marathon in new york city?	n/a	[ "Geoffrey Kamworor" ]	[]	n/a	n/a	n/a	[]	[ { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10065710", "chunk_text": "\"New York City Marathon\"\nin a time of 2:10:30. The top female finisher was Margaret Okayo of Kenya in time of 2:22:31, breaking her previous course record of 2:24:21 set in 2001. In recent years, runners from Kenya have dominated the event. The top Americans were Matt Downin (2:18:48) and Sylvia Mosqueda (2:33:10), both from California. Rapper P.Diddy also ran for charity and raised $2,000,000 for the New York City Education system. The top female finisher was Britain's Paula Radcliffe in a time of 2:23:10, beating Kenya's Susan Chepkemei by 4 seconds, the closest finish up to that time. The top male was Hendrik", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 0 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "429663", "chunk_text": "\"New York City Marathon\"\na time of 2:05:05, breaking the 10-year-old course record. Second-place runner Emmanuel Mutai, also of Kenya, and third-place runner Tsegaye Kebede of Ethiopia also beat the previous record for the event, with times of 2:06:28 and 2:07:14, respectively. Geoffrey Mutai, who won the Boston Marathon earlier in the year, became the first man to win both races in course-record time in the same year. Firehiwot Dado of Ethiopia won the women's race in a time of 2:23:15, her first major marathon victory. Coming second, 4 seconds behind the leader originally from Ethiopia, but now living in the Bronx, was Bizunesh", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 1 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6364343", "chunk_text": "\"New York City Marathon\"\ntime of 2:11:32. On the women's side, the winner was Shalane Flanagan, a native of Marblehead, Massachusetts. She was the first American to win since 1977. Her time was 2:26:53. Mary Keitany placed 2nd with 2:27:54, and Mamitu Daska finished 3rd with a time of 2:28:08. The 2018 TCS New York City Marathon was run on Sunday, November 4. Lelisa Desisa of Ethiopia won his first New York City Marathon after finishing third in 2017, third in 2015 and second in 2014, followed by Shura Kitata and defending champion Geoffrey Kamworor. Their times of 2:05:59, 2:06:01 and 2:06:26 were the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 2 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "429662", "chunk_text": "\"New York City Marathon\"\na time of 2:08:14. The race featured 37-year-old world record holder Haile Gebrselassie, who ran with a bad knee and dropped out of the race at the 16th mile. Afterwards, he announced his retirement, but later reversed this decision. Edna Kiplagat won the women's title with a time of 2 hours, 28 minutes, 20 seconds, ahead of American Shalane Flanagan. The total number of official finishers, 44,829 (28,757 men and 16,072 women) was a new world record for a marathon race. The 2011 Marathon was held on November 6. The men's event was won by Geoffrey Mutai of Kenya in", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 3 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17794538", "chunk_text": "\"New York City Marathon\"\nNew York City Marathon The New York City Marathon (currently branded TCS New York City Marathon for sponsorship reasons) is an annual marathon () that courses through the five boroughs of New York City. It is the largest marathon in the world, with 52,812 finishers in 2018 and 98,247 applicants for the 2017 race. Along with the Boston Marathon and Chicago Marathon, it is among the pre-eminent long-distance annual running events in the United States and is one of the World Marathon Majors. The race is organized by New York Road Runners and has been run every year since 1970,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 4 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5021499", "chunk_text": "\"New York City Marathon\"\nNew York area on WNBC, and on Universal Sports for the entire country, However, in 2013, WABC-TV and ESPN announced they would begin broadcasting the New York City Marathon. The Marathon can also be watched online. On September 29, 1974, Norbert Sander and Kathrine Switzer became the only New York City residents to win the New York City Marathon. Grete Waitz, the Norwegian long distance runner, sets a new course record for women at 2:32:30 and wins her first New York Marathon. Waitz goes on to win 9 New York Marathons, the most course wins in any category to date.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 5 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10065720", "chunk_text": "\"New York City Marathon\"\nthe wheelchair race in 1:31:11. The 2005 event was administered by new NYRR CEO Mary Wittenberg. It is notable that she was the first woman director of an international Major marathon. The top male finisher was Marílson Gomes dos Santos of Brazil in a time of 2:09:58, while Jeļena Prokopčuka of Latvia won the female marathon for the second consecutive time in a time of 2:25:05. Gomes dos Santos becomes the first South American ever to win the race. Stephen Kiogora of Kenya placed second, and Paul Tergat, the 2005 defending champion and former marathon world record holder, placed third.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 6 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "429674", "chunk_text": "\"New York City Marathon\"\nthe race. New York City Marathon The New York City Marathon (currently branded TCS New York City Marathon for sponsorship reasons) is an annual marathon () that courses through the five boroughs of New York City. It is the largest marathon in the world, with 52,812 finishers in 2018 and 98,247 applicants for the 2017 race. Along with the Boston Marathon and Chicago Marathon, it is among the pre-eminent long-distance annual running events in the United States and is one of the World Marathon Majors. The race is organized by New York Road Runners and has been run every year", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 7 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6364328", "chunk_text": "\"New York City Marathon\"\nMarathons. The women's winner was the world Marathon record holder Paula Radcliffe from Great Britain in a time of 2:23:09, one second faster than her 2004 win. The 2008 New York City Marathon was held on Sunday, November 2. A field of 37,899 runners participated. The men's winner was Marílson Gomes dos Santos in 2:08:43. Paula Radcliffe won her third NYC marathon in 2:23:56. The 2008 marathon events were marred by the deaths of three marathon participants: The 2009 New York City Marathon was held Sunday November 1, 2009. Meb Keflezighi of the United States won the men's race (the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 8 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "429669", "chunk_text": "\"New York City Marathon\"\nSunday, November 2, 2014. It was announced on October 2, 2013, that the marathon's main sponsor would be Tata Consultancy Services starting in 2014. It is an eight-year deal, and the race was renamed the TCS New York City Marathon. Wind was unusually high, blowing from the north on a mostly northbound course. Winners were Wilson Kipsang and Mary Keitany. The 2015 New York City Marathon was run on Sunday, November 1, 2015. Winners were Stanley Biwott and Mary Keitany. The 2016 New York City Marathon was run on Sunday, November 6. Ghirmay Ghebreslassie won the men's competition with a", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 9 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11528223", "chunk_text": "\"2014 New York City Marathon\"\n2014 New York City Marathon The 44th New York City Marathon took place on November 2, 2014. It was won by Wilson Kipsang of Kenya with a time of 2:10:59 and Mary Keitany of Kenya with a time of 2:25:07. It was the largest marathon ever, with a record number of 50869 starters and 50564 finishers, and an average finish time of 4:34:45. With 50,564 finishers, the 2014 New York City Marathon broke the record for most finishers. The winds were exceptional this year, forcing race officials to move the start line of the wheelchair and handcycle competitions to the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 10 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6364329", "chunk_text": "\"New York City Marathon\"\nfirst American since Alberto Salazar in 1982) with a time of 2:09:15 while Ethiopian Derartu Tulu took the women's crown in 2:28:52, the first Ethiopian woman to do so. This was the first marathon in history with more than 40,000 official finishers, as 43,660 crossed the finish, 5,053 more than the previous best at the 2008 edition of this race. The 2010 New York City Marathon was held on November 7. Gebregziabher Gebremariam of Ethiopia, in his first-ever marathon, won the race after breaking away from his last rival, Emmanuel Mutai of Kenya, in the 25th mile to finish in", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 11 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "429654", "chunk_text": "\"New York City Marathon\"\nRamaala of South Africa with a time of 2:09:28. The top Americans were Meb Keflezighi (2nd, 2:18:48) from California and Jenny Crain (15th, 2:41:06), from Wisconsin. In the closest finish in New York City Marathon history, Paul Tergat of Kenya barely outsprinted Hendrick Ramaala of South Africa in the final meters of the race for a time of 2:09:30, beating Ramaala by one second. In the women's race, Jeļena Prokopčuka of Latvia won in a time of 2:24:41. Tops amongst the Americans were Meb Keflezighi of California (2:09:56) and Jen Rhines of California (2:37:07). South African Ernst Van Dyk took", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 12 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11904767", "chunk_text": "\"2013 New York City Marathon\"\nwheelchair division, Tatyana McFadden of the U.S. completed a historic sweep of the Boston, London, Chicago, and New York marathons in the same year, winning in 1:59:13. She became the first person to win four major marathons in a single calendar year. Switzerland's Marcel Hug won the men's wheelchair division in 1:40:14. Jimmy Jenson became the first person with Down Syndrome to run the entire New York City Marathon, and Joy Johnson became the oldest woman to do so at age 86. A record high of 50,740 runners participated, of which 50,304 finished the marathon. This was the largest number", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 13 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "429673", "chunk_text": "\"New York City Marathon\"\nsecond, third and fourth fastest times in race history. Mary Keitany was in a pack of women that passed halfway in 1:15:50 but then she ran the second 13.1 miles in 1:06:58, the fastest time ever for any second half of a marathon, to capture her fourth NYC crown in 2:22:48, the second fastest time ever there. London winner, Vivian Cheruiyot was second in 2:26:02 and American Shalane Flanagan placed third in 2:26:22, 31 seconds faster than her winning time the previous year. Once again there were a world record number of finishers, with 52,812 (30,669 men/22,143 women) runners completing", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 14 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11528224", "chunk_text": "\"2014 New York City Marathon\"\nBrooklyn side of the Verrazano-Narrows Bridge, shortening the course to 23.2 miles. Kurt Fearnley of Australia won the men's wheelchair division with a time of 1:30:55, earning his fifth New York City win. Tatyana McFadden of Clarksville, Maryland successfully defended her title with a time of 1:42:16 on the shortened course, and, as a result, has become not only the sole person to have ever won four major marathons in a year (Boston, London, Chicago, and New York City), but also the sole person to do so two years in a row. This was the first marathon for which Tata", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 15 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6364342", "chunk_text": "\"New York City Marathon\"\ntime of 2:07:51. The female race winner was Mary Keitany from Kenya in 2:24:26. Male wheelchair race winner was Marcel Hug with a time of 1:35:49, and Female wheelchair race winner was Tatyana McFadden with a time of 1:47:43. In 2016, Lauren Lubin ran as the first openly genderqueer/non-binary athlete in the New York City Marathon. The 2017 TCS New York City Marathon was run on Sunday, November 5. Geoffrey Kamworor, a native of Kenya, won the men's competition with a time of 2:10:53, 3 seconds ahead of 2nd-place finisher Wilson Kipsang. In 3rd place was Lelisa Desisa with a", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 16 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11904766", "chunk_text": "\"2013 New York City Marathon\"\n2013 New York City Marathon The 2013 New York City Marathon took place on Sunday, November 3, 2013, and was the 43rd edition of that race. It followed a one-year hiatus after the 2012 New York City Marathon was canceled due to Hurricane Sandy. Geoffrey Mutai of Kenya won the men's division with a time of 2:08:24, his second consecutive win in New York. Priscah Jeptoo, also from Kenya, won the women's division with a time of 2:25:07. The two winners each received $100,000 in prize money, with Jeptoo capturing the World Marathon Majors title for $500,000. In the women's", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 17 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17794551", "chunk_text": "\"New York City Marathon\"\nthat he ran a full marathon, since the lack of crowd control forced him to run wide during his turns. He has also suggested that a change in how courses were measured after the 1981 race attributed to the discrepancy in the course length. The national television audience was treated to a thrilling race as England's Geoff Smith held a lead through the last half of the race. He was caught at the 26 mile mark in Central Park by 1972 Olympic 1500 metres bronze medalist Rod Dixon from New Zealand, who won by just 9 seconds. Dixon had been", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 18 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3877708", "chunk_text": "\"New York City Half Marathon\"\nthe 2018 race. The course begins in Prospect Park and heads northwest along Flatbush Avenue, and then crosses the Manhattan Bridge. Runners then proceed through the Lower East Side towards FDR Drive, and exit onto 42nd Street. At Times Square, the course heads north on Seventh Avenue into Central Park. Runners follow the main loop in Central Park clockwise, cut across the park on the 102nd Street Transverse, and then finish near 75th Street on the west side of the park. Numerous world class runners have participated in the race, including marathon record holders Haile Gebrselassie and Paula Radcliffe, Olympic", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 19 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11528225", "chunk_text": "\"2014 New York City Marathon\"\nConsultancy Services was the title sponsor. In addition, the one-millionth finisher of the New York City Marathon (since the marathon was first held in 1970), Katherine Slingluff of Brooklyn, completed her race with a time of 4:43:36. 2014 New York City Marathon The 44th New York City Marathon took place on November 2, 2014. It was won by Wilson Kipsang of Kenya with a time of 2:10:59 and Mary Keitany of Kenya with a time of 2:25:07. It was the largest marathon ever, with a record number of 50869 starters and 50564 finishers, and an average finish time of 4:34:45.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 20 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13874409", "chunk_text": "\"Shalane Flanagan\"\nbronze medal in the 10,000 meters was upgraded to silver after runner up Elvan Abeylegesse had her silver medal stripped due to a positive result for banned substances found in a retroactive test. On November 5, 2017, Flanagan won the Women's New York City Marathon in 2:26:53. With about 3 miles to go, she pulled ahead of 3-time defending champion and women's-only marathon world record holder Mary Keitany of Kenya and finished ahead of her by 1:01. It was Flanagan's first win in a major marathon and the first win by an American woman at the NYC Marathon in 40", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 21 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "429664", "chunk_text": "\"New York City Marathon\"\nDeba with a time of 2:23:19. There were a world record 46,795 official finishers: 29,867 men and 16,928 women. Edison Peña, famous for maintaining his running routine during the 69 days he was trapped in the 2010 Copiapó mining accident, ran the race. Former NHL player, Mark Messier, finished with a time just over 4 hours at age 50. Retired Dutch soccer player, Edwin van der Sar, ran in 4:19 and said it was the toughest thing he had ever done. Former CART champion Alex Zanardi won the handcycle class. The 2012 marathon was scheduled for November 4, 2012. Organizers", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 22 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6109796", "chunk_text": "\"2015 New York City Marathon\"\nTufa kept up with Keitany until the point before falling away. Keitany won the race in 2:24:25, a full minute and seven seconds in front of second placed Mergia who had overtaken Tufa in the final mile. Tufa trailed a further eighteen seconds behind in third place. Keitany's win marked the first time a woman had defended the New York Marathon title since Briton Paula Radcliffe in 2008. Singer-songwriter Alicia Keys completed a charity run of the course in 5:50:52. The first runners hit the point in 15:47 and the mark in 31:30. By the halfway point (1:06:49), a thirteen-man", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 23 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "429668", "chunk_text": "\"New York City Marathon\"\nthe 2012 cancellation, Geoffrey Mutai returned to become the first repeat winner in 15 years (after John Kagwe in 1997-1998). Under windy conditions, his 2:08:24 was more than 3 minutes slower than in 2011. Mutai broke away around mile 22 to win by almost a minute over Ethiopian Tsegaye Kebede, who had finished third two years earlier. Jeptoo spotted Buzunesh Deba, an Ethiopian runner who has lived in the Bronx since 2009, three and a half minutes at the half-marathon mark, but came back to pass her in the 24th mile. The 2014 New York City Marathon was run on", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 24 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10058552", "chunk_text": "\"New York City Marathon\"\nof 5:32:35. Waitz would herself succumb to cancer in 2011 after what she called the toughest fight of her life. During the 1994 event, Germán Silva recovered from a wrong turn seven-tenths of a mile before the finish that put him temporarily in second place 40 yards behind Benjamín Paredes. He ran a 5:15 final mile, including the detour, to beat Paredes and win the event by two seconds with a time of 2:11:21. The incident earned him the nickname \"\"Wrong Way Silva\"\" A record 34,729 people participated in the race. The top male finisher was Martin Lel of Kenya", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 25 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "429657", "chunk_text": "\"New York City Marathon\"\nFormer American professional road racing cyclist and triathlete Lance Armstrong ran in the 2006 race, finishing 868th with a time of 2:59:36. He also ran the same year in the British 10K. Arkansas Governor Mike Huckabee also completed the race in 2006, finishing in 5:33:43, and wearing bib #110, signifying the 110 pounds lost during his weight loss campaign. Amanda McGrory won the female wheelchair race in the time of 1:54:17, the male wheelchair division was won by Kurt Fearnley in a time of 1:29:22. The 2007 New York City Marathon was held on Sunday, November 4. It was the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 26 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6109791", "chunk_text": "\"2015 New York City Marathon\"\n2015 New York City Marathon The 45th New York City Marathon took place on November 1, 2015. The event was organised by the New York Road Runners and sponsored by Tata Consultancy Services (TCS). A total of 50,229 runners were registered to take part in the event. The main race saw the third successive set of Kenyans taking first place. Stanley Biwott won the men's division with a time of 2:10:34. His compatriot Mary Keitany claimed the women's division with a time of 2:24:25, her second consecutive win in New York. In the wheelchair divisions, South African Ernst van Dyk", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 27 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6109797", "chunk_text": "\"2015 New York City Marathon\"\nlead pack had emerged led by Ethiopian Lelisa Desisa. At the mark, the lead pack had reduced to four, containing Kenyans Geoffrey Kamworor, Stanley Biwott and Wilson Kipsang, along with Desisa. Biwott took the lead in the and held on to win his first World Marathon Majors title in 2:10:34. Kamworor was fourteen seconds behind him to claim second and Desisa a further minute 22 seconds off in third. Former professional tennis player James Blake finished the course in 3:51:19 and actor Ethan Hawke recorded a time of 4:25:30. 2015 New York City Marathon The 45th New York City Marathon", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 28 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13884749", "chunk_text": "\"2010 New York City Marathon\"\n2010 New York City Marathon The 41st New York City Marathon took place on Sunday , 2010. Sponsored by ING, the competition was the fifth World Marathon Major of 2010 and an IAAF Gold Label Road Race. A record 45,344 people were entered into the race. Ethiopian runner Gebregziabher Gebremariam won the men's race in a time of two hours, eight minutes and fourteen seconds on his debut performance over the distance. Edna Kiplagat took first place in the women's race with her winning time of 2:28:20. The pre-race favorite for the men's competition was Haile Gebrselassie, the marathon world", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 29 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17794546", "chunk_text": "\"New York City Marathon\"\nOnly about 100 spectators watched Gary Muhrcke win the race in 2:31:38. In fact, a total of only 55 runners crossed the finish line. Over the years, the marathon grew larger and larger. To celebrate the U.S. bicentennial in 1976, city auditor George Spitz proposed that the race traverse all five boroughs. With the support of Manhattan Borough President Percy Sutton, the men convinced Mayor Beame and, eventually, race director Fred Lebow. The race was a huge success, and what was intended as a one-time celebration, became the annual course. Dick Traum became the first person to complete a marathon", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 30 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3877709", "chunk_text": "\"New York City Half Marathon\"\nmarathon medalists Catherine Ndereba, Meb Keflezighi, and Deena Kastor, 2008 U.S. Olympic marathoner Dathan Ritzenhein, and American half marathon record holder Ryan Hall. Gebrselassie set the men's course record in 2007, with a time of 59:24. On March 20, 2016, Molly Huddle set the women's record with a time of 1:07:41. In its earlier years, the event was run on various dates in the summer; in 2010, it was moved to March. The 2010 race had a field of 14,821 registered runners and 11,604 finishers. Mary Wittenberg, president of the NYRR, said in 2010 that she expects a possible growth", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 31 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19579871", "chunk_text": "\"Meb Keflezighi\"\nMeb Keflezighi Mebrahtom \"\"Meb\"\" Keflezighi (; Ge'ez: መብራህቶም ክፍልእዝጊ, \"\"Mebrāhtōm Kifl'izgī\"\"; born May 5, 1975) is a retired Eritrean-born American long distance runner. He is the 2004 Olympic silver medalist in the marathon and finished in fourth place in the 2012 Summer Olympics. He won the 2009 New York City Marathon on November 1, 2009, and the 2014 Boston Marathon on April 21, 2014, becoming the first American man to win each race since 1982 and 1983, respectively. Keflezighi is a graduate of UCLA where he won four NCAA championships competing for the UCLA Bruins track and field team. He", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 32 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6109792", "chunk_text": "\"2015 New York City Marathon\"\nwon the men's division with a time of 1:30:54 and American Tatyana McFadden won the women's division with a new record of 1:43:04. The course covers all five boroughs of New York City. It begins on Staten Island, in Fort Wadsworth, near the approach to the Verrazano-Narrows Bridge. The bridge, which normally carries only vehicular traffic, is closed for the event. Runners use both sides of the upper level of the bridge and the westbound side of the lower level. In the opening minutes of the race, the bridge is filled with runners, creating a dramatic spectacle that is closely", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 33 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "424883", "chunk_text": "\"New York City Marathon\"\nwith a prosthetic leg when he finished the 1976 New York City Marathon. The marathon grew in popularity two years later when Norwegian Grete Waitz broke the women's world record, finishing in 2:32:30. She went on to win the race an unprecedented nine times. An official wheelchair and handcycle division was introduced in 2000, and starting in 2002, the elite women are given a 35-minute head start before the elite men and rest of the field. During the 1970s, the race was run in September. In the 1980s, race day was moved from September to late October. In the 1990s,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 34 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16185194", "chunk_text": "\"Rodgers Rop\"\nRodgers Rop Rodgers Rop (born 16 February 1976) is a long-distance runner from Kenya. In 2002, Rop won both the Boston Marathon and the New York Marathon. He joined an exclusive club of men who have won both races: Bill Rodgers, Alberto Salazar, Ibrahim Hussein, Joseph Chebet, Meb Keflezighi, and Geoffrey Mutai (see also List of winners of the Boston Marathon and List of winners of the New York City Marathon). Rop tried to defend his Boston and New York titles in 2003 but finished 7th and 2nd respectively. In 2006 he improved his personal best to 2:07:34, when he", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 35 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13874385", "chunk_text": "\"Shalane Flanagan\"\nShalane Flanagan Shalane Flanagan (born July 8, 1981) is an American long-distance runner. She holds the American record times in the 3000 meters (indoor), 5000 m (indoor) and 15K road race. She won the bronze medal at the 2008 Olympics in the 10,000 m (since upgraded to silver) and the bronze medal at the 2011 IAAF World Cross Country Championships. She won the Women's 2017 New York City Marathon, the first American woman to do so since Miki Gorman in 1977. Flanagan grew up in Marblehead, Massachusetts. She attended Marblehead High School, where she excelled in cross country and track.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 36 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13874414", "chunk_text": "\"Shalane Flanagan\"\ncoach with the Bowerman Track Club. Shalane Flanagan Shalane Flanagan (born July 8, 1981) is an American long-distance runner. She holds the American record times in the 3000 meters (indoor), 5000 m (indoor) and 15K road race. She won the bronze medal at the 2008 Olympics in the 10,000 m (since upgraded to silver) and the bronze medal at the 2011 IAAF World Cross Country Championships. She won the Women's 2017 New York City Marathon, the first American woman to do so since Miki Gorman in 1977. Flanagan grew up in Marblehead, Massachusetts. She attended Marblehead High School, where she", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 37 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16226754", "chunk_text": "Marathon\nrace was declared the US National Wheelchair championship. The Boston Marathon awards $10,000 to the winning push-rim athlete. Ernst van Dyk has won the Boston Marathon wheelchair division ten times and holds the world record at 1:18:27, set in Boston in 2004. Jean Driscoll won eight times (seven consecutively) and holds the women's world record at 1:34:22. The New York City Marathon banned wheelchair entrants in 1977, citing safety concerns, but then voluntarily allowed Bob Hall to compete after the state Division of Human Rights ordered the marathon to show cause. The Division ruled in 1979 that the New York", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 38 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11904769", "chunk_text": "\"2013 New York City Marathon\"\n10:55 a.m. At 9:00 a.m., the temperature at the starting line was a cool and windy , with a headwind for much of the race, which approached and hampered the runners. After the first , Bizunesh Deba, the eventual second-place finisher, and Tigist Tufa, the eventual eighth-place finisher, had taken a significant lead, 80 seconds ahead of the rest of the pack. At into the race, Deba and Tufa were 3 minutes ahead of the rest of the pack. Eventual winner Priscah Jeptoo trailed by 3:30 at the halfway point. Deba and Tufa maintained their lead after , as the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 39 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5931974", "chunk_text": "\"Giacomo Leone\"\nGiacomo Leone Giacomo Leone (born 10 April 1971 in Francavilla Fontana, Brindisi) is a retired male long-distance runner from Italy. He set his personal best (2:07:52) in the marathon on 4 March 2001 in Otsu, Japan. Leone is best known for winning the 1996 edition of the New York City Marathon. He was the last European to win New York City Marathon before the African dominance, except Brazilian victories in 2006 and 2008. Leone still helds the record of \"\"italian most quick\"\" to NYC Marathon. When 18–20 years old he started to run on distances over 20 km and in", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 40 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11904771", "chunk_text": "\"2013 New York City Marathon\"\nfirst , when Geoffrey Mutai, the eventual winner, and Stanley Biwott, the eventual fifth-place finisher, broke away from the pack. Mutai and Biwott continued to lead the pack after . Mutai then pulled ahead of Biwott to lead by 9 seconds after , and led him by 33 seconds after . Biwott fell back to finish fifth, while Mutai maintained his lead to win the race in 2:08:24, finishing 52 seconds ahead of second-place Tsegaye Kebede. 2013 New York City Marathon The 2013 New York City Marathon took place on Sunday, November 3, 2013, and was the 43rd edition of", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 41 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20965987", "chunk_text": "\"Ibrahim Hussein (runner)\"\nin 2002.) Hussein is a graduate of St. Patrick's High School (Iten, Kenya). And the University of New Mexico (Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA). Ibrahim Hussein (runner) Ibrahim Kipkemboi Hussein (born June 1958 in Kapsabet, Rift Valley) is a retired long-distance runner from Kenya, who was a three-time winner of the Boston Marathon in 1988, 1991, and 1992. He was also the winner of the New York City Marathon in 1987, and multiple other marathons in his years. He and his wife Zainab Ibrahim are both alumni at the University of New Mexico in Albuquerque, NM. Ibrahim Hussein is among many", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 42 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11904768", "chunk_text": "\"2013 New York City Marathon\"\nof participants of any marathon in history. This was the final race for marathon record holder Joy Johnson. The marathon also saw its one millionth overall starter since its start in 1970. The marathon was sponsored by ING Group. Security was notably increased at the marathon, following the 2013 Boston Marathon bombings, with baggage screenings, surveillance helicopters, and inspection of runners, among other measures. The wheelchair division was scheduled to start at 8:30 a.m. EST, the elite women's division at 9:10 a.m., and the elite men's division at 9:40 a.m. The last wave of runners was scheduled to start at", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 43 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11904770", "chunk_text": "\"2013 New York City Marathon\"\nrace entered Manhattan. Jeptoo closed to 1:30 behind the lead by the mark, after breaking from the pack on the Queensboro Bridge. With left, Deba was still in first place, while Jeptoo had overtaken Tufa for second place and drawn to 38 seconds behind Deba. Jeptoo caught up to Deba in Central Park just before into the race, then overtook Deba to win the race, finishing 48 seconds ahead in 2:25:07. After the first , Meb Keflezighi, the eventual 23rd-place finisher, led with a time of 15:42. The men's race had a tighter lead pack than the women's for the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 44 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "429667", "chunk_text": "\"New York City Marathon\"\n2012 race was meant to have taken place. As a resolution, all who were registered to run the 2012 race were offered three options: a refund; guaranteed, non-complimentary entry to the New York City Marathon in 2013, 2014, or 2015; or guaranteed, non-complimentary entry to the NYC Half 2013. The 2013 New York City Marathon was run November 3, 2013. The race proved to be the clincher for the 2013 World Marathon Majors titles for both men and women. Duplicating their London Marathon wins from April 2013, Tsegaye Kebede and Priscah Jeptoo each won $500,000 for their season-wide efforts. After", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 45 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10762551", "chunk_text": "\"Fred Lebow\"\nFred Lebow Fred Lebow (June 3, 1932 – October 9, 1994), born Fischel Lebowitz, was a runner, race director, and founder of the New York City Marathon. Born in Arad, Romania, he presided over the transformation of the race from one with 55 finishers in 1970 to one of the largest marathons in the world with more than 51,000 finishers in 2016. He was posthumously inducted into the National Distance Running Hall of Fame in 2001. Lebow ran in the inaugural marathon in 1970, finishing 45th out of 55 runners with a time of 4:12:09. He ran his last NYC", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 46 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18722067", "chunk_text": "\"Alberto Salazar\"\nat least three years of investigation, USADA did not uncover enough evidence to make a case that any violations had occurred, while previous accusations were refuted by Salazar in public releases. <br> Alberto Salazar Alberto Salazar (born August 7, 1958) is an American track coach and former world-class long-distance runner. Born in Cuba, Salazar immigrated to the United States as a child with his family. They moved to Manchester, Connecticut and then to Wayland, Massachusetts, where Salazar competed in track and field in high school. Salazar is best known for his performances in the New York City Marathon in the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 47 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9055253", "chunk_text": "\"Miki Gorman\"\nin a course record of 2:47:11. Gorman would also place second at Boston in 1976, and won Boston again in 1977. Gorman also won the New York City Marathon twice, in 1976 and 1977, at the age of 41 and 42 respectively. Until November 5, 2017, when the race was won by Shalane Flanagan, she had been the last American woman to win the New York City Marathon. She set a personal best during her 1976 victory with a time of 2:39:11, then the second fastest women's marathon in history and just a minute off the world record. Gorman participated", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 48 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10306062", "chunk_text": "\"Tegla Loroupe\"\nTegla Loroupe Tegla Chepkite Loroupe (born 9 May 1973) is a Kenyan long-distance track and road runner. She is also a global spokeswoman for peace, women's rights and education. Loroupe holds the world records for 20, 25 and 30 kilometres and previously held the world marathon record. She was the first African woman to hold the marathon World Record, which she held from April 19th 1998 until September 30th 2001. She is the three-time World Half-Marathon champion. Loroupe was also the first woman from Africa to win the New York City Marathon, which she has won twice. She has won", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 49 } ]
test_3406	how many levels of protein structure are there?	n/a	[ "four" ]	[]	n/a	n/a	n/a	[]	[ { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4393749", "chunk_text": "\"Protein structure\"\nProtein structure Protein structure is the three-dimensional arrangement of atoms in an amino acid-chain molecule. Proteins are polymers specifically polypeptides formed from sequences of amino acids, the monomers of the polymer. A single amino acid monomer may also be called a residue indicating a repeating unit of a polymer. Proteins form by amino acids undergoing condensation reactions, in which the amino acids lose one water molecule per reaction in order to attach to one another with a peptide bond. By convention, a chain under 30 amino acids is often identified as a peptide, rather than a protein. To be able", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 0 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1514684", "chunk_text": "Structure\nis determined by their shape as well as their composition, and their structure has multiple levels. Protein structure has a four-level hierarchy. The \"\"primary structure\"\" is the sequence of amino acids that make it up. It has a peptide backbone made up of a repeated sequence of a nitrogen and two carbon atoms. The \"\"secondary structure\"\" consists of repeated patterns determined by hydrogen bonding. The two basic types are the α-helix and the β-pleated sheet. The \"\"tertiary structure\"\" is a back and forth bending of the polypeptide chain, and the \"\"quaternary structure\"\" is the way that tertiary units come together", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 1 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4393751", "chunk_text": "\"Protein structure\"\nclassified as nanoparticles, between 1–100 nm. Very large aggregates can be formed from protein subunits. For example, many thousands of actin molecules assemble into a microfilament. A protein generally undergo reversible structural changes in performing its biological function. The alternative structures of the same protein are referred to as different conformational isomers, or simply, conformations, and transitions between them are called conformational changes. There are four distinct levels of protein structure. The primary structure of a protein refers to the sequence of amino acids in the polypeptide chain. The primary structure is held together by peptide bonds that are made", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 2 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4393758", "chunk_text": "\"Protein structure\"\n2-fold axis in a dimer. Multimers made up of identical subunits are referred to with a prefix of \"\"homo-\"\" (e.g. a homotetramer) and those made up of different subunits are referred to with a prefix of \"\"hetero-\"\", for example, a heterotetramer, such as the two alpha and two beta chains of hemoglobin. Proteins are frequently described as consisting of several structural units. These units include domains, motifs, and folds. Despite the fact that there are about 100,000 different proteins expressed in eukaryotic systems, there are many fewer different domains, structural motifs and folds. A structural domain is an element of", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 3 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20079322", "chunk_text": "Structure\nstructures such as cable or membrane structures, and hybrid structures. Load-bearing biological structures such as bones, teeth, shells, and tendons derive their strength from a multilevel hierarchy of structures employing biominerals and proteins, at the bottom of which are collagen fibrils. In biology, structures exist at all levels of organization, ranging hierarchically from the atomic and molecular to the cellular, tissue, organ, organismic, population and ecosystem level. Usually, a higher-level structure is composed of multiple copies of a lower-level structure. Structural biology is concerned with the biomolecular structure of macromolecules, particularly proteins and nucleic acids. The function of these molecules", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 4 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4393774", "chunk_text": "\"Protein structure\"\na 3-D model for a protein of unknown structure from experimental structures of evolutionarily-related proteins, called a protein family. Protein structure Protein structure is the three-dimensional arrangement of atoms in an amino acid-chain molecule. Proteins are polymers specifically polypeptides formed from sequences of amino acids, the monomers of the polymer. A single amino acid monomer may also be called a residue indicating a repeating unit of a polymer. Proteins form by amino acids undergoing condensation reactions, in which the amino acids lose one water molecule per reaction in order to attach to one another with a peptide bond. By convention,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 5 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16390478", "chunk_text": "\"Biomolecular structure\"\nBiomolecular structure Biomolecular structure is the intricate folded, three-dimensional shape that is formed by a molecule of protein, DNA, or RNA, and that is important to its function. The structure of these molecules may be considered at any of several length scales ranging from the level of individual atoms to the relationships among entire protein subunits. This useful distinction among scales is often expressed as a decomposition of molecular structure into four levels: primary, secondary, tertiary, and quaternary. The scaffold for this multiscale organization of the molecule arises at the secondary level, where the fundamental structural elements are the molecule's", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 6 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12990528", "chunk_text": "\"Mosaic protein\"\nMosaic protein Proteins are made up of amino acids which connect by peptide bonds and form into polypeptide chains. There are four levels of protein organization: primary structure- the amino acid sequences; secondary structure- different types of folded shapes (ex: alpha helices and beta sheets); tertiary structure- includes all the different folding that happens on one polypeptide chain; quaternary structure- the combination of multiple polypeptide chains. (Note: not all proteins reach this fourth level of organization). A protein domain is a self-contained protein unit that has its own function within a protein and is folded in a tertiary structure. A", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 7 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4393750", "chunk_text": "\"Protein structure\"\nto perform their biological function, proteins fold into one or more specific spatial conformations driven by a number of non-covalent interactions such as hydrogen bonding, ionic interactions, Van der Waals forces, and hydrophobic packing. To understand the functions of proteins at a molecular level, it is often necessary to determine their three-dimensional structure. This is the topic of the scientific field of structural biology, which employs techniques such as X-ray crystallography, NMR spectroscopy, and dual polarisation interferometry to determine the structure of proteins. Protein structures range in size from tens to several thousand amino acids. By physical size, proteins are", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 8 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4393754", "chunk_text": "\"Protein structure\"\nproteins are made up of amino acid residues. Post-translational modification such as disulfide bond formation, phosphorylations and glycosylations are usually also considered a part of the primary structure, and cannot be read from the gene. For example, insulin is composed of 51 amino acids in 2 chains. One chain has 31 amino acids, and the other has 20 amino acids. Secondary structure refers to highly regular local sub-structures on the actual polypeptide backbone chain. Two main types of secondary structure, the α-helix and the β-strand or β-sheets, were suggested in 1951 by Linus Pauling and coworkers. These secondary structures are", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 9 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4393757", "chunk_text": "\"Protein structure\"\nof two or more individual polypeptide chains (subunits) that operate as a single functional unit (multimer). The resulting multimer is stabilized by the same non-covalent interactions and disulfide bonds as in tertiary structure. There are many possible quaternary structure organisations. Complexes of two or more polypeptides (i.e. multiple subunits) are called multimers. Specifically it would be called a dimer if it contains two subunits, a trimer if it contains three subunits, a tetramer if it contains four subunits, and a pentamer if it contains five subunits. The subunits are frequently related to one another by symmetry operations, such as a", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 10 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "829898", "chunk_text": "\"Protein structure prediction\"\nFour classes were originally recognized by Levitt and Chothia (1976), and several others have been added in the SCOP database. Three classes are given in the CATH database: mainly-α, mainly-β, and α–β, with the α–β class including both alternating α/β and α+β structures. Core is the portion of a folded protein molecule that comprises the hydrophobic interior of α-helices and β-sheets. The compact structure brings together side groups of amino acids into close enough proximity so that they can interact. When comparing protein structures, as in the SCOP database, core is the region common to most of the structures that", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 11 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2493256", "chunk_text": "Biochemistry\nUsing various modifiers, the activity of the enzyme can be regulated, enabling control of the biochemistry of the cell as a whole. The structure of proteins is traditionally described in a hierarchy of four levels. The primary structure of a protein consists of its linear sequence of amino acids; for instance, \"\"alanine-glycine-tryptophan-serine-glutamate-asparagine-glycine-lysine-…\"\". Secondary structure is concerned with local morphology (morphology being the study of structure). Some combinations of amino acids will tend to curl up in a coil called an α-helix or into a sheet called a β-sheet; some α-helixes can be seen in the hemoglobin schematic above. Tertiary structure", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 12 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15650523", "chunk_text": "\"Computer Atlas of Surface Topology of Proteins\"\ncomplex molecules that playing critical roles to maintain the normal functioning of the human body. They are essential not just for the structure and function, but also the regulation among the body’s tissues and organs. Proteins are made up of hundreds of smaller units called amino acids that are attached to one another by peptide bonds, forming a long chain. 4.2 Protein active sites Usually, the active site of a protein locates on its center of action and, the key to its function. The first step is the detection of active sites on the protein surface and an exact description", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 13 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7037983", "chunk_text": "\"Protein Structure Evaluation Suite & Server\"\ndifferent structure parameters for the protein (as a whole), for different members of the structure ensemble, for specific residues and for specific atoms. Different shades of red indicate serious problems, different shades of yellow or amber indicate potential problems and different shades of green indicate that the protein model or its residues/atoms are free of problems. Each color is also assigned a number (ranging from 0 to 9 -- with 0 being bad and 9 being excellent) so that the structure quality assessment is more quantifiable. PROSESS’s quality indices and quality color scales have been designed specifically to help non-structural", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 14 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4393765", "chunk_text": "\"Protein structure\"\noptimized for the maximum stability. Around 90% of the protein structures available in the Protein Data Bank have been determined by X-ray crystallography. This method allows one to measure the three-dimensional (3-D) density distribution of electrons in the protein, in the crystallized state, and thereby infer the 3-D coordinates of all the atoms to be determined to a certain resolution. Roughly 9% of the known protein structures have been obtained by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) techniques. For larger protein complexes, cryo-electron microscopy can determine protein structures. The resolution is typically lower than that of X-ray crystallography, or NMR, but the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 15 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6193133", "chunk_text": "\"Protein quaternary structure\"\nmost proteins, there are some important exceptions. Viral capsids are often composed of multiples of 60 proteins. Several molecular machines are also found in the cell, such as the proteasome (four heptameric rings = 28 subunits), the transcription complex and the spliceosome. The ribosome is probably the largest molecular machine, and is composed of many RNA and protein molecules. In some cases, proteins form complexes that then assemble into even larger complexes. In such cases, one uses the nomenclature, e.g., \"\"dimer of dimers\"\" or \"\"trimer of dimers\"\", to suggest that the complex might dissociate into smaller sub-complexes before dissociating into", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 16 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18811279", "chunk_text": "\"Protein domain\"\nProtein domain A protein domain is a conserved part of a given protein sequence and (tertiary) structure that can evolve, function, and exist independently of the rest of the protein chain. Each domain forms a compact three-dimensional structure and often can be independently stable and folded. Many proteins consist of several structural domains. One domain may appear in a variety of different proteins. Molecular evolution uses domains as building blocks and these may be recombined in different arrangements to create proteins with different functions. In general, domains vary in length from between about 50 amino acids up to 250 amino", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 17 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11481396", "chunk_text": "\"Protein quaternary structure\"\nProtein quaternary structure Protein quaternary structure is the number and arrangement of multiple folded protein subunits in a multi-subunit complex. It includes organisations from simple dimers to large homooligomers and complexes with defined or variable numbers of subunits. It can also refer to biomolecular complexes of proteins with nucleic acids and other cofactors. Many proteins are actually assemblies of multiple polypeptide chains. The quaternary structure refers to the number and arrangement of the protein subunits with respect to one another. Examples of proteins with quaternary structure include hemoglobin, DNA polymerase, and ion channels. Enzymes composed of subunits with diverse functions", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 18 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6193130", "chunk_text": "\"Protein quaternary structure\"\nProtein quaternary structure Protein quaternary structure is the number and arrangement of multiple folded protein subunits in a multi-subunit complex. It includes organisations from simple dimers to large homooligomers and complexes with defined or variable numbers of subunits. It can also refer to biomolecular complexes of proteins with nucleic acids and other cofactors. Many proteins are actually assemblies of multiple polypeptide chains. The quaternary structure refers to the number and arrangement of the protein subunits with respect to one another. Examples of proteins with quaternary structure include hemoglobin, DNA polymerase, and ion channels. Enzymes composed of subunits with diverse functions", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 19 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15434587", "chunk_text": "\"Protein structure prediction\"\nalong a target sequence to find the highest possible alignment score by a dynamic programming algorithm. Gaps may be included and receive a penalty. The resulting score provides an indication as to whether or not the target protein might adopt such a structure. Quaternary structure is the three-dimensional configuration of a protein molecule comprising several independent polypeptide chains. Secondary structure is the interactions that occur between the C, O, and NH groups on amino acids in a polypeptide chain to form α-helices, β-sheets, turns, loops, and other forms, and that facilitate the folding into a three-dimensional structure. Superfamily is a", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 20 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15434617", "chunk_text": "\"Protein structure prediction\"\nit appears that although the number of actual proteins is vast, there is a limited set of tertiary structural motifs to which most proteins belong. It has been suggested that there are only around 2,000 distinct protein folds in nature, though there are many millions of different proteins. These methods may also be split into two groups: Homology modeling is based on the reasonable assumption that two homologous proteins will share very similar structures. Because a protein's fold is more evolutionarily conserved than its amino acid sequence, a target sequence can be modeled with reasonable accuracy on a very distantly", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 21 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1787380", "chunk_text": "\"Structural Classification of Proteins database\"\nand links to the NCBI taxonomy browser, which provides more information about the species to which the protein belongs. Clicking on a species or isoform brings up a list of domains. For example, the \"\"Hemoglobin, alpha-chain from Human (Homo sapiens)\"\" protein has >190 solved protein structures, such as 2dn3 (complexed with cmo), and 2dn1 (complexed with hem, mbn, oxy). Clicking on the PDB numbers is supposed to display the structure of the molecule, but the links are currently broken (links work in pre-SCOP). Most pages in SCOP contain a search box. Entering \"\"trypsin +human\"\" retrieves several proteins, including the protein", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 22 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4393762", "chunk_text": "\"Protein structure\"\npolypeptide, the final structure of the protein chain is determined by its amino acid sequence (Anfinsen's dogma). Protein stability depends upon a few factors such as 1) Non-covalent electrostatic interactions 2) Hydrophobic interactions These interaction energies are from the order of 20-40 kJ/mol. Proteins are very sensitive to changing temperatures and a change in temperature may result in unfolding or denaturation. Protein denaturation may result in loss of function, and loss of native state. X-ray crystallography and calorimetry indicates that there is no general mechanism that describes the effect of temperature change on the functions and structure of proteins. This", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 23 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17150363", "chunk_text": "\"Protein complex\"\nProtein complex A protein complex or multiprotein complex is a group of two or more associated polypeptide chains. Different polypeptide chains may have different functions. This is distinct from a multienzyme complex, in which multiple catalytic domains are found in a single polypeptide chain. Protein complexes are a form of quaternary structure. Proteins in a protein complex are linked by non-covalent protein–protein interactions, and different protein complexes have different degrees of stability over time. These complexes are a cornerstone of many (if not most) biological processes and together they form various types of molecular machinery that perform a vast array", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 24 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7923651", "chunk_text": "\"Biomolecular structure\"\nprediction software). The \"\"tertiary structure\"\" of a protein or any other macromolecule is its three-dimensional structure, as defined by the atomic coordinates. Proteins and nucleic acids fold into complex three-dimensional structures which result in the molecules' functions. While such structures are diverse and complex, they are often composed of recurring, recognizable tertiary structure motifs and domains that serve as molecular building blocks. Tertiary structure is considered to be largely determined by the biomolecule's primary structure (its sequence of amino acids or nucleotides). The \"\"quaternary structure\"\" refers to the number and arrangement of multiple protein molecules in a multi-subunit complex. For", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 25 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4026428", "chunk_text": "\"Protein structure prediction\"\nProtein structure prediction Protein structure prediction is the inference of the three-dimensional structure of a protein from its amino acid sequence—that is, the prediction of its folding and its secondary and tertiary structure from its primary structure. Structure prediction is fundamentally different from the inverse problem of protein design. Protein structure prediction is one of the most important goals pursued by bioinformatics and theoretical chemistry; it is highly important in medicine (for example, in drug design) and biotechnology (for example, in the design of novel enzymes). Every two years, the performance of current methods is assessed in the CASP experiment", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 26 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4026432", "chunk_text": "\"Protein structure prediction\"\nbe taken into account in molecular modeling and alignments. The α helix is the most abundant type of secondary structure in proteins. The α helix has 3.6 amino acids per turn with an H bond formed between every fourth residue; the average length is 10 amino acids (3 turns) or 10 Å but varies from 5 to 40 (1.5 to 11 turns). The alignment of the H bonds creates a dipole moment for the helix with a resulting partial positive charge at the amino end of the helix. Because this region has free NH groups, it will interact with negatively", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 27 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "298485", "chunk_text": "\"Mosaic protein\"\nThis ensures that the body will build an immunity, and that next time the germ is introduced, it will be more equipped to fight it off. Mosaic proteins of the germs can be designed in order to maximize antibody production and quality. Mosaic protein Proteins are made up of amino acids which connect by peptide bonds and form into polypeptide chains. There are four levels of protein organization: primary structure- the amino acid sequences; secondary structure- different types of folded shapes (ex: alpha helices and beta sheets); tertiary structure- includes all the different folding that happens on one polypeptide chain;", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 28 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12150508", "chunk_text": "\"Protein tertiary structure\"\nProtein tertiary structure Protein tertiary structure is the three dimensional shape of a protein. The tertiary structure will have a single polypeptide chain \"\"backbone\"\" with one or more protein secondary structures, the protein domains. Amino acid side chains may interact and bond in a number of ways. The interactions and bonds of side chains within a particular protein determine its tertiary structure. The protein tertiary structure is defined by its atomic coordinates. These coordinates may refer either to a protein domain or to the entire tertiary structure. A number of tertiary structures may fold into a quaternary structure. The science", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 29 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "829908", "chunk_text": "\"Protein structure prediction\"\nis a polypeptide chain composed of amino acids joined by peptide bonds. Profile (sequence context) is a scoring matrix that represents a multiple sequence alignment of a protein family. The profile is usually obtained from a well-conserved region in a multiple sequence alignment. The profile is in the form of a matrix with each column representing a position in the alignment and each row one of the amino acids. Matrix values give the likelihood of each amino acid at the corresponding position in the alignment. The profile is moved along the target sequence to locate the best scoring regions by", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 30 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "498805", "chunk_text": "Albumin\nis a 65–70 kDa protein. Albumin comprises three homologous domains that assemble to form a heart-shaped protein. Each domain is a product of two subdomains that possess common structural motifs. The principal regions of ligand binding to human serum albumin are located in hydrophobic cavities in subdomains IIA and IIIA, which exhibit similar chemistry. Structurally, the serum albumins are similar, each domain containing five or six internal disulfide bonds, as shown schematically below: Serum albumin is the most abundant blood plasma protein and is produced in the liver and forms a large proportion of all plasma protein. The human version", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 31 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "829911", "chunk_text": "\"Protein structure prediction\"\ngroup of protein families of the same or different lengths that are related by distant yet detectable sequence similarity. Members of a given superfamily thus have a common evolutionary origin. Originally, Dayhoff defined the cutoff for superfamily status as being the chance that the sequences are not related of 10 6, on the basis of an alignment score (Dayhoff et al. 1978). Proteins with few identities in an alignment of the sequences but with a convincingly common number of structural and functional features are placed in the same superfamily. At the level of three-dimensional structure, superfamily proteins will share common", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 32 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3451939", "chunk_text": "\"Structural Classification of Proteins database\"\nThe broadest groups on SCOP are the protein fold classes. These classes group structures with similar secondary structure composition, but different overall tertiary structures and evolutionarily origins. This is the top level \"\"root\"\" of the SCOP hierarchical classification. The number in brackets, called a \"\"sunid\"\", is a <ins>S</ins>COP <ins>un</ins>ique integer <ins>id</ins>entifier for each node in the SCOP hierarchy. The number in parentheses indicates how many elements are in each category. For example, there are 284 folds in the \"\"All alpha proteins\"\" class. Each member of the hierarchy is a link to the next level of the hierarchy. Each class contains", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 33 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4393755", "chunk_text": "\"Protein structure\"\ndefined by patterns of hydrogen bonds between the main-chain peptide groups. They have a regular geometry, being constrained to specific values of the dihedral angles ψ and φ on the Ramachandran plot. Both the α-helix and the β-sheet represent a way of saturating all the hydrogen bond donors and acceptors in the peptide backbone. Some parts of the protein are ordered but do not form any regular structures. They should not be confused with random coil, an unfolded polypeptide chain lacking any fixed three-dimensional structure. Several sequential secondary structures may form a \"\"supersecondary unit\"\". Tertiary structure refers to the three-dimensional", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 34 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2493257", "chunk_text": "Biochemistry\nis the entire three-dimensional shape of the protein. This shape is determined by the sequence of amino acids. In fact, a single change can change the entire structure. The alpha chain of hemoglobin contains 146 amino acid residues; substitution of the glutamate residue at position 6 with a valine residue changes the behavior of hemoglobin so much that it results in sickle-cell disease. Finally, quaternary structure is concerned with the structure of a protein with multiple peptide subunits, like hemoglobin with its four subunits. Not all proteins have more than one subunit. Ingested proteins are usually broken up into single", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 35 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6589037", "chunk_text": "\"Protein I-sites\"\nin the PDB) and optionally, a 4-dimensional tensor of pairwise sequence covariance. The sequence and structure database The database initially consisted of 471 protein sequence families from the HSSP database, with an average of 47 aligned sequences per family. Each family contained a single known structure (parent) from the Brookhaven protein Data Bank. These were a subset of the PDBSelect-25 list, having no more than 25% sequence identity between any two alignments. Disordered loops were omitted. Gaps and insertions in the sequence were ignored. Clustering of sequence segments Each position in the database is described by a weighted amino acid", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 36 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19542157", "chunk_text": "\"Protein structure database\"\nProtein structure database In biology, a protein structure database is a database that is modeled around the various experimentally determined protein structures. The aim of most protein structure databases is to organize and annotate the protein structures, providing the biological community access to the experimental data in a useful way. Data included in protein structure databases often includes three-dimensional coordinates as well as experimental information, such as unit cell dimensions and angles for x-ray crystallography determined structures. Though most instances, in this case either proteins or a specific structure determinations of a protein, also contain sequence information and some databases", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 37 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15434598", "chunk_text": "\"Protein structure prediction\"\nderived from known solved structures. These methods, applied to a single sequence, are typically at most about 60-65% accurate, and often underpredict beta sheets. The evolutionary conservation of secondary structures can be exploited by simultaneously assessing many homologous sequences in a multiple sequence alignment, by calculating the net secondary structure propensity of an aligned column of amino acids. In concert with larger databases of known protein structures and modern machine learning methods such as neural nets and support vector machines, these methods can achieve up to 80% overall accuracy in globular proteins. The theoretical upper limit of accuracy is around", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 38 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5659940", "chunk_text": "LSm\nand the ribose. LSm proteins are characterized by a beta sheet (the secondary structure), folded into the LSm fold (the tertiary structure), polymerization into a six or seven member torus (the quaternary structure), and binding to RNA oligonucleotides. A modern paradigm classifies proteins on the basis of protein structure and is a currently active field, with three major approaches, SCOP (Structural Classification of Proteins), CATH (Class, Architecture, Topology, Homologous superfamily), and FSSP/DALI (Families of Structurally Similar Proteins). The secondary structure of a LSm protein is a small five-strand anti-parallel beta sheet, with the strands identified from the N-terminal end to", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 39 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12829939", "chunk_text": "\"Structural biology\"\nStructural biology Structural biology is a branch of molecular biology, biochemistry, and biophysics concerned with the molecular structure of biological macromolecules (especially proteins, made up of amino acids, and RNA or DNA, made up of nucleotides), how they acquire the structures they have, and how alterations in their structures affect their function. This subject is of great interest to biologists because macromolecules carry out most of the functions of cells, and it is only by coiling into specific three-dimensional shapes that they are able to perform these functions. This architecture, the \"\"tertiary structure\"\" of molecules, depends in a complicated way", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 40 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18085119", "chunk_text": "\"Protein domain\"\nthe course of evolution. There are currently about 110,000 experimentally determined protein 3D structures deposited within the Protein Data Bank (PDB). However, this set contains many identical or very similar structures. All proteins should be classified to structural families to understand their evolutionary relationships. Structural comparisons are best achieved at the domain level. For this reason many algorithms have been developed to automatically assign domains in proteins with known 3D structure; see 'Domain definition from structural co-ordinates'. The CATH domain database classifies domains into approximately 800 fold families; ten of these folds are highly populated and are referred to as", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 41 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4393756", "chunk_text": "\"Protein structure\"\nstructure of monomeric and multimeric protein molecules. The α-helixes and β-pleated-sheets are folded into a compact globular structure. The folding is driven by the \"\"non-specific\"\" hydrophobic interactions, the burial of hydrophobic residues from water, but the structure is stable only when the parts of a protein domain are locked into place by \"\"specific\"\" tertiary interactions, such as salt bridges, hydrogen bonds, and the tight packing of side chains and disulfide bonds. The disulfide bonds are extremely rare in cytosolic proteins, since the cytosol (intracellular fluid) is generally a reducing environment. Quaternary structure is the three-dimensional structure consisting of the aggregation", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 42 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19426138", "chunk_text": "EHD3\nalmost three-quarters are common in the four EHD proteins. This protein has a molecular mass of 60887 Daltons. The secondary structure of the EHD3 protein still remains unknown. The tertiary structure of a protein involves the domains it is formed of. EHD3 protein is formed of four different domains: Protein post-translational modifications (PTM) increase the functional diversity of the proteome by the covalent addition of functional groups or proteins, by the hydrolisis of peptide bonds that link amino acids together or by the degradation of different parts of the protein. The EHD3 protein suffers three kinds of amino acid modifications:", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 43 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5529646", "chunk_text": "Protein\nprotein contains at least one long polypeptide. Short polypeptides, containing less than 20–30 residues, are rarely considered to be proteins and are commonly called peptides, or sometimes oligopeptides. The individual amino acid residues are bonded together by peptide bonds and adjacent amino acid residues. The sequence of amino acid residues in a protein is defined by the sequence of a gene, which is encoded in the genetic code. In general, the genetic code specifies 20 standard amino acids; however, in certain organisms the genetic code can include selenocysteine and—in certain archaea—pyrrolysine. Shortly after or even during synthesis, the residues in", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 44 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4393767", "chunk_text": "\"Protein structure\"\nthis approach, including fast parallel proteolysis (FASTpp), can probe the structured fraction and its stability without the need for purification. Once a protein's structure has been experimentally determined, further detailed studies can be done computationally, using molecular dynamic simulations of that structure. Proteins are often thought of as relatively stable structures that have a set tertiary structure and experience conformational changes as a result of being modified by other proteins or as part of enzymatic activity. However proteins have varying degrees of stability and some of the less stable variants are intrinsically disordered proteins. These proteins exist and function in", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 45 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "829907", "chunk_text": "\"Protein structure prediction\"\nreferred to as supersecondary structures and folds. Position-specific scoring matrix (sequence context, also known as weight or scoring matrix) is represents a conserved region in a multiple sequence alignment with no gaps. Each matrix column represents the variation found in one column of the multiple sequence alignment. Position-specific scoring matrix—3D (structural context) represents the amino acid variation found in an alignment of proteins that fall into the same structural class. Matrix columns represent the amino acid variation found at one amino acid position in the aligned structures. Primary structure is the linear amino acid sequence of a protein, which chemically", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 46 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10501933", "chunk_text": "Protein\nthrough the chemical properties of their amino acids, others require the aid of molecular chaperones to fold into their native states. Biochemists often refer to four distinct aspects of a protein's structure: Proteins are not entirely rigid molecules. In addition to these levels of structure, proteins may shift between several related structures while they perform their functions. In the context of these functional rearrangements, these tertiary or quaternary structures are usually referred to as \"\"conformations\"\", and transitions between them are called \"\"conformational changes.\"\" Such changes are often induced by the binding of a substrate molecule to an enzyme's active site,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 47 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4393771", "chunk_text": "\"Protein structure\"\na very computationally demanding task. Protein structure database is a database that is modeled around the various experimentally determined protein structures. The aim of most protein structure databases is to organize and annotate the protein structures, providing the biological community access to the experimental data in a useful way. Data included in protein structure databases often includes 3D coordinates as well as experimental information, such as unit cell dimensions and angles for x-ray crystallography determined structures. Though most instances, in this case either proteins or a specific structure determinations of a protein, also contain sequence information and some databases even", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 48 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17126631", "chunk_text": "\"Niche (protein structural motif)\"\nNiche (protein structural motif) In the area of protein structural motifs, niches are three or four amino acid residue features in which main-chain CO groups are bridged by positively charged or δ+ groups. The δ+ groups include groups with two hydrogen bond donor atoms such as NH groups and water molecules. In typical proteins, 7% of amino acid residues belong to niches bound to a δ+ group, while another 7% have the conformation but no single cationic bridging group is detected. Niches are of two kinds, distinguished as niche3 (3 residues, i to i+2) and niche4 (4 residues, i to", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 49 } ]
test_3407	when is the last time the jaguars won a playoff game?	n/a	[ "2017" ]	[]	n/a	n/a	n/a	[]	[ { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11661409", "chunk_text": "\"Doug Marrone\"\nthe Jaguars following the firing of former head coach Gus Bradley. He coached the final two games of the 2016 season. On January 9, 2017, the Jaguars officially removed the interim tag and named Marrone the fifth head coach in team history. That same day, the Jaguars also announced the return of Tom Coughlin, their first head coach, who was hired as the Executive Vice President of Football Operations. In 2017, the Jaguars won the AFC South division championship, making the playoffs for the first time since the 2007 season. On January 7, 2018, the Jaguars won their first playoff", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 0 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11255101", "chunk_text": "\"Jacksonville Jaguars\"\nJacksonville Jaguars The Jacksonville Jaguars are an American professional football franchise based in Jacksonville, Florida. The Jaguars compete in the National Football League (NFL) as a member club of the American Football Conference (AFC) South division. The team plays its home games at TIAA Bank Field. The Jaguars and the Carolina Panthers joined the NFL as expansion teams for the 1995 season. Since their inception, the Jaguars have won division championships in 1998 and 1999 (as members of the now-defunct AFC Central) and 2017 (as members of the AFC South) and have qualified for the playoffs seven times, most recently", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 1 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12029767", "chunk_text": "\"Jacksonville Jaguars\"\nthat are televised nationally on ESPN or NFL Network. Jacksonville Jaguars The Jacksonville Jaguars are an American professional football franchise based in Jacksonville, Florida. The Jaguars compete in the National Football League (NFL) as a member club of the American Football Conference (AFC) South division. The team plays its home games at TIAA Bank Field. The Jaguars and the Carolina Panthers joined the NFL as expansion teams for the 1995 season. Since their inception, the Jaguars have won division championships in 1998 and 1999 (as members of the now-defunct AFC Central) and 2017 (as members of the AFC South) and", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 2 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11255145", "chunk_text": "\"Jacksonville Jaguars\"\ntheir first playoff win in ten years. In the Divisional Round, on January 14, 2018, the Jaguars defeated the Pittsburgh Steelers 45–42 in Pittsburgh, their second win at Heinz Field that season, to advance to their 3rd AFC Championship Game, and their first in 18 years. After leading most of the game, they narrowly fell to the New England Patriots 24–20. For the season, the defense earned the nickname \"\"Sacksonville\"\" because of its dominance. In the first round of the 2018 NFL Draft the Jaguars selected defensive tackle Taven Bryan of University of Florida and wide receiver DJ Chark of", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 3 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20929044", "chunk_text": "\"2017 Jacksonville Jaguars season\"\n2017 Jacksonville Jaguars season The 2017 season was the Jacksonville Jaguars' 23rd season in the National Football League and the first under new head coach Doug Marrone. Marrone was hired after acting as the team's interim head coach for the final two games of the 2016 season. The team improved on their 3–13 record from 2016 and ended their 10-year playoff drought dating back to 2008 with a week 15 win over the Houston Texans. They also secured their first winning season since 2007 after a 30–24 win over the Seattle Seahawks. On December 24, 2017, they clinched their third", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 4 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11255132", "chunk_text": "\"Jacksonville Jaguars\"\nthe season. On August 21, 2012, the Jaguars announced they had finalized a deal to play one regular season home game each year between 2013 and 2016 at London's historic Wembley Stadium as part of the NFL International Series. The first of these games was against the San Francisco 49ers on October 27, 2013. This deal was later extended through 2020. On January 8, 2013, former Atlanta Falcons Director of Player Personnel David Caldwell was hired as the second full-time General Manager in Jaguars history. He formerly served as a scout for the Indianapolis Colts for 10 years from 1998–2007.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 5 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3476260", "chunk_text": "\"Sports in Jacksonville\"\nthe NFL's American Football Conference (AFC). The Jaguars joined the NFL as an expansion team in 1995, along with the Carolina Panthers. In 1990, the NFL had announced it would expand by two teams, and Jacksonville entered the bidding war. Jacksonville was the smallest market among the bidders, and was considered the unlikeliest choice. However, in 1993, after a series of negotiations, the NFL announced that the second franchise would go to Jacksonville. The Jacksonville Jaguars play at TIAA Bank Field in downtown Jacksonville. The Jaguars have won three division championships, in 1996, 1999, and 2017, and they have made", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 6 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12029451", "chunk_text": "\"Jacksonville Jaguars\"\nSeries game. On December 18, 2016, Gus Bradley was fired after the Jaguars' ninth loss in a row during the 2016 season. Bradley's W-L record as head coach of the Jaguars was 14–48 in three seasons. On January 9, 2017 the Jaguars announced the interim head coach Doug Marrone was to be the new head coach, the contract of General Manager David Caldwell was to be extended and Tom Coughlin was returning to Jacksonville to become Executive Vice President of Football Operations. Both Doug Marrone and David Caldwell report to the Executive Vice President Tom Coughlin. In the first round", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 7 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15028857", "chunk_text": "\"Jacksonville Jaguars\"\nthe playoffs in four of the team's first 5 years and would be the team's last playoff appearance until the 2005 season. The Jaguars struggled during this period, due in part to salary cap problems. In the 2000 season, veteran quarterback Mark Brunell and young running back Fred Taylor led the squad through a painful 7–9 season. The Jaguars finished with records of 6–10 in both the 2001 and 2002 seasons. After the 2002 season, head coach Tom Coughlin was fired after eight seasons, leading the Jaguars to a total record of 68–60 and four trips to the playoffs. The", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 8 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5924026", "chunk_text": "\"History of the Jacksonville Jaguars\"\nyear between 2013 and 2016 at London's historic Wembley Stadium as part of the NFL International Series. The first of these games was against the San Francisco 49ers on October 27, 2013. On January 8, 2013, former Atlanta Falcons Director of Player Personnel David Caldwell was hired as the second full-time General Manager in Jaguars history. He formerly served as a scout for the Indianapolis Colts for 10 years from 1998–2007. His first task with the team was to lead the interview process for a new head coach. Nine days later former Seattle Seahawks defensive coordinator Gus Bradley was named", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 9 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12029453", "chunk_text": "\"Jacksonville Jaguars\"\nof apology to the director of military affairs and veterans in Jacksonville that says the Jaguars were ”remiss in not fully comprehending the effect of the national anthem demonstration on foreign soil has had on the men and women who have or continue to serve our country.” After their week 15 win over the Houston Texans, the Jaguars clinched their first playoff appearance since 2007; they finished the season 10–6, enough to win the division for the first time since 1999. It was a seven-game turnaround from the previous year. The Jaguars defeated the Buffalo Bills 10–3 in Jacksonville, marking", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 10 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13542088", "chunk_text": "\"Jaguars–Titans rivalry\"\nled by Peyton Manning and a departure of talent from the Jaguars and Titans over the years led to a decline in the two teams' success towards the end of the 2000s. Until 2017, the Jaguars last made the playoffs in 2007 and the Titans last qualified in 2008. The Jaguars and Titans began this decade without much success, both missing the playoffs each year until 2017. Jaguars quarterback David Garrard was released after the 2010 season and replaced by 2011 draft pick Blaine Gabbert, who was ultimately unsuccessful during his tenure with the team. The Titans drafted quarterback Jake", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 11 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15029154", "chunk_text": "\"Jacksonville Jaguars\"\n$63 million that owner Shahid Khan helped finance $20 million of the total cost. The Jacksonville Jaguars have three primary rivals: their divisional rivals (Tennessee Titans, Indianapolis Colts, and Houston Texans). They have geographic rivalries with the Miami Dolphins and Tampa Bay Buccaneers. The Jaguars also have a rivalry with their 1995 expansion brethren, the Carolina Panthers. The Jaguars also have rivalries with other teams that arose from the AFC Central days, most notably with the Pittsburgh Steelers. This is a partial list of the Jaguars' last five completed seasons. For the full season-by-season franchise results, see List of Jacksonville", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 12 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18030956", "chunk_text": "\"History of the Jacksonville Jaguars\"\nplayoffs. On January 5, 2008, the Jaguars defeated the Pittsburgh Steelers 31–29 to win their first playoff game in almost 8 years and their first road playoff win since 1997. It was also the first time in the 50+ year history of the Steelers that they had been beaten twice at home by the same team in the same season. However, in the divisional round, the Jaguars fell to the as of then undefeated New England Patriots; the teams were tied at halftime, but the Patriots pulled ahead and won 31–20. Tom Brady completed 22 of 24 passes in this", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 13 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15028862", "chunk_text": "\"Jacksonville Jaguars\"\n2005, nine of their final ten games were against opponents with losing records. Though these games were wins, key players Byron Leftwich, Mike Peterson, Akin Ayodele, Paul Spicer, and Rashean Mathis were hurt during this stretch. The Jaguars ended the season losing 28–3 to the two-time defending champion New England Patriots on January 7, 2006 in the AFC wild card playoff round. Jacksonville looked like a team on the rise coming off of their 12–4 season, and was considered a playoff contender entering the season. But injuries plagued the team. Reggie Hayward, Greg Jones, Donovin Darius, Byron Leftwich, and Mike", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 14 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2154848", "chunk_text": "\"History of the Jacksonville Jaguars\"\nHistory of the Jacksonville Jaguars The history of the Jacksonville Jaguars, an American football team in the National Football League (NFL), formally dates to November 30, 1993, when the NFL awarded Jacksonville, Florida the expansion franchise that became the Jacksonville Jaguars. The Jaguars, along with the Carolina Panthers, started play in the 1995 NFL season as expansion teams. For decades, Jacksonville had earned a reputation of being a good football town, hospitable for both college and pro football. Every year the city hosts the Gator Bowl, an annual civic highlight traditionally accompanied by parties, ceremonies, parades and other events leading", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 15 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12029450", "chunk_text": "\"Jacksonville Jaguars\"\nseason. With plenty of cap space to work with, Jacksonville splurged in free agency, adding defensive tackle Malik Jackson from the Denver Broncos and cornerback Prince Amukamara from the New York Giants. With the fifth selection, the Jaguars selected cornerback Jalen Ramsey from Florida State University in the first round and then the second round linebacker Myles Jack of UCLA in the 2016 NFL Draft. Jack was considered to be a top-10 talent, but fell to the second round due to a knee injury. On October 2, 2016, the Jacksonville Jaguars defeated the Indianapolis Colts 30–27 in the NFL International", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 16 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15028861", "chunk_text": "\"Jacksonville Jaguars\"\nin 2004, helped by strong performances from holdovers Fred Taylor and Jimmy Smith. Unfortunately, Taylor sustained a season-ending injury at Green Bay. The very next week the Jaguars fell to the Houston Texans, which would ultimately eliminate them from playoff contention. The 2005 Jaguars hoped to challenge the Colts for the division title. However, due to their scintillating 13–0 start, including two victories against the Jaguars, the Colts easily clinched the AFC South title. With a 12–4 record, the Jaguars earned a wild card and their first playoff appearance since 1999. While the Jaguars managed to win key games in", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 17 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12029755", "chunk_text": "\"Jacksonville Jaguars\"\nthe St. Johns River, and has been the home of the Jaguars since the team's first season in 1995. The stadium has a capacity of 69,132, with additional seating added during Florida–Georgia Game and the Gator Bowl. The stadium served as the site of Super Bowl XXXIX in addition to four Jaguar playoff games including the . It also hosted the ACC Championship Game from 2005–07 and the River City Showdown in 2007 and 2008. From 1995–97 and again from 2006–09, the stadium was named Jacksonville Municipal Stadium. From 1997–2006, the stadium was referred to as Alltel Stadium. The naming", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 18 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15028865", "chunk_text": "\"Jacksonville Jaguars\"\nJaguars to an 11–5 record and a wild card spot in the playoffs. The Jaguars defeated the Pittsburgh Steelers 31–29 to win their first playoff game in almost eight years and their first road playoff win since 1997. It was also the first time in the 50+ year history of the Steelers that they had been beaten twice at home by the same team in the same season. However, in the divisional round, the Jaguars fell to the then-undefeated New England Patriots; the teams were tied at halftime, but the Patriots pulled ahead and won 31–20. Tom Brady completed 26", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 19 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11255109", "chunk_text": "\"Jacksonville Jaguars\"\nin their first game, a 42–17 defeat against the eventual Super Bowl champion Denver Broncos at Mile High Stadium. The Broncos, led by Terrell Davis, ran at will against the Jaguars, rushing for 5 touchdowns and over 300 yards. In 1998, the Jaguars again finished 11–5 and won their first AFC Central Division title. The team became the first NFL expansion team to make the playoffs three times in its first four seasons of play. In the Wild Card Round, the Jaguars hosted their first home playoff game, a 25–10 win over the New England Patriots. The team's season ended", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 20 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10304690", "chunk_text": "\"History of the Jacksonville Jaguars\"\nto challenge the Colts for the division title. However, due to their 13-0 start, including two victories against the Jaguars, the Colts were able to easily clinch the AFC South title. With a 12–4 record (second best finish in team history), the Jaguars easily qualified for one of the conference's two wild card playoff allocations. Among these 12 wins were a 23-20 victory over the Cincinnati Bengals on October 9, 2005 and a 23-17 overtime victory over the Pittsburgh Steelers on October 16, 2005. While the Jaguars managed to win key games in 2005, 9 of their final 10 games", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 21 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16567386", "chunk_text": "\"History of the Jacksonville Jaguars\"\nJaguars would win again the very next week against the Houston Texans 27-20 on Thursday night, improving to 4-9. After finishing the 2013 season with a 4-12 record, a two-win improvement over the previous season, the Jaguars traded their 2011 NFL draft first round draft pick Blaine Gabbert to the San Francisco 49ers for the 6th round pick of the 2014 NFL draft. Maurice Jones-Drew, after 7 years with the Jaguars, also left the team and signed a three-year contract with the Oakland Raiders. In the first round of the 2014 NFL draft the Jaguars selected quarterback Blake Bortles from", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 22 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15395344", "chunk_text": "\"2016 Jacksonville Jaguars season\"\n2016 Jacksonville Jaguars season The 2016 Jacksonville Jaguars season was the franchise's 22nd season in the National Football League and the fourth and final under head coach Gus Bradley, who was fired after the Week 15 game against the Houston Texans. The Jaguars missed the playoffs for the ninth consecutive season. Notes On November 25, 2015, the NFL announced that the Jaguars would play host to the Indianapolis Colts in the International Series at Wembley Stadium in London, England, in the fourth consecutive home game for the Jaguars in the International Series. The game occurred during Week 4 on Sunday,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 23 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11255108", "chunk_text": "\"Jacksonville Jaguars\"\nto their conference championship game, where they lost 30–13 to the eventual Super Bowl champion Green Bay Packers. In 1997, the franchise's third season, the Jaguars and the Steelers both finished the season with an 11–5 record, tops in the AFC Central Division. Pittsburgh won the division in a tiebreaker as a result of having higher net in division games than Jacksonville. As a result, the Jaguars settled for 2nd place in the division, a Wild Card berth and, for the second straight year, the 5th seed in the AFC playoffs. The Jags postseason would end quickly as they fell", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 24 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20929045", "chunk_text": "\"2017 Jacksonville Jaguars season\"\ndivision title, and their first AFC South title following a Tennessee Titans loss. They won the wild card game against the Buffalo Bills 10–3, then headed to Pittsburgh, beating the Pittsburgh Steelers 45–42 to advance to the AFC Championship to face the New England Patriots, the first time that they have made the AFC Championship Game since 1999. Despite leading for much of the game, the Jaguars would allow two 4th quarter touchdowns, and ultimately lost to the Patriots 24–20. One of the biggest catalysts for the Jaguars success during the 2017 season was their defense. Jacksonville finished in the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 25 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19646405", "chunk_text": "\"History of the Jacksonville Jaguars\"\nwere played against opponents with losing records. Though these games were wins, key players Byron Leftwich, Mike Peterson, Paul Spicer, and Rashean Mathis were hurt during this stretch. The Jaguars ended the season losing 28-3 to the two-time defending champion New England Patriots on January 7, 2006 in the 2005 season's AFC wild card playoff round. Jacksonville looked like a team on the rise coming off of their 12–4 season, and was considered a playoff contender entering the season. But injuries plagued the team. Reggie Hayward, Greg Jones, Donovin Darius, Byron Leftwich, and Mike Peterson all suffered season-ending injuries. Marcus", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 26 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7355788", "chunk_text": "\"Marqise Lee\"\nJaguars' upcoming playoff games. Lee finished with 56 receptions for 702 yards and three touchdowns in 14 games and 14 starts. The Jacksonville Jaguars finished atop the AFC South with a 10–6 record and secured a playoff berth. On January 7, 2018, Lee started his first career playoff game and had a five yard rush and was only targeted once in the Jaguars' 10–3 victory over the Buffalo Bills in the AFC Wild Card Round. The Jaguars defeated the Pittsburgh Steelers in the AFC Divisional round and went on to lose 24–20 to the New England Patriots in the AFC", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 27 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12029437", "chunk_text": "\"Jacksonville Jaguars\"\nrookie years. The Jaguars finished off this season 7–9 and did not manage to make the playoffs. In the offseason, the Jaguars parted ways with veteran players John Henderson and Reggie Hayward as part of the team's \"\"youth movement\"\". However, 2009 also saw the team's attendance numbers plummet, leading to television blackouts and speculation that the team could eventually be moved or sold. 2009 marked a low point, with the team's attendance averaging around 50,000, causing seven of the eight home games to be blacked out, and leading NFL commissioner Roger Goodell to address the issue with owner Wayne Weaver.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 28 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18369946", "chunk_text": "\"Tom Coughlin\"\n(the Jaguars, Carolina Panthers, Baltimore Ravens and Houston Texans) until the Panthers surpassed it in 2015. However, in both appearances in the championship game, the Jaguars were defeated: in 1996 by the New England Patriots, and in 1999, by the Tennessee Titans. Both the losses in the Jaguars' 14-2 1999 regular season were also to the Titans. Coughlin's Jaguars won 49 regular season games in his first five years as head coach, a remarkable average for an expansion team of nearly ten wins per year. But the Jaguars' record for the next three years was only 19–29, and after a", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 29 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12029416", "chunk_text": "\"Jacksonville Jaguars\"\nwho would lead Jacksonville into the playoffs in the team's next four seasons, including quarterback Mark Brunell (acquired in a draft day trade from Green Bay), offensive lineman Tony Boselli (drafted with the 2nd pick overall in the 1995 NFL Draft) running back James Stewart (also drafted in 1995), and wide receiver Jimmy Smith (signed as a free agent). The team played its first regular season game at home in front of a crowd of 72,363 on September 3, 1995, a 10–3 loss against the Houston Oilers. The team picked up its first win in Week 4 as the Jaguars", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 30 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3771927", "chunk_text": "\"History of the Jacksonville Jaguars\"\nfirst five NFL seasons also declined to the point that several 2001 games were blacked out locally. In 2002 the NFL split up the two conferences into four divisions, placing the Jacksonville Jaguars in the AFC South with the Indianapolis Colts, Tennessee Titans, and the expansion Houston Texans. After the 2002 season, head coach Tom Coughlin was fired after eight seasons, leading the Jaguars to four trips to the postseason and a total record of 68–60. The 2002 season also marked the last full season for Jaguars’ quarterback Mark Brunell, who was benched in the third game of 2003 in", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 31 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15028869", "chunk_text": "\"Jacksonville Jaguars\"\nwith Jacksonville and earned one trip to the Pro Bowl. In 2009, he signed with the New England Patriots. Taylor's departure opened up the door for Maurice Jones-Drew to become the team's feature running back. In 2011, Taylor signed a one-day contract so he could retire as a Jaguar. The Jaguars hoped to begin a new era in 2009 under their first-ever general manager, Gene Smith. Smith made his mark early on in the 2009 NFL Draft by acquiring talent such as Eugene Monroe, Terrance Knighton, Derek Cox, Eben Britton and Mike Thomas, who all made significant contributions in their", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 32 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12029753", "chunk_text": "\"Jacksonville Jaguars\"\ndown a rope from the scoreboard and parachuting into the stadium. Jaxson's antics got him into trouble in 1998 and stemmed the changing of the NFL's mascot rules, and also caused him to calm down. However, Jaxson was still seen, by some, as a mascot that gets in the way during the game. After the October 22, 2007 game against Indianapolis, Colts President Bill Polian complained to the NFL, and Jaxson was reprimanded again. Jaxson's first appearance was on August 18, 1996 and was played by Curtis Dvorak from his inception until his retirement in June 2015. The Jacksonville Roar", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 33 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3058048", "chunk_text": "\"Myles Jack\"\nbehind only Telvin Smith who had 102 combined tackles. The Jaguars finished first in the AFC South with a 10-6 record in their first season under head coach Doug Marrone. On January 7, 2018, Jack started his first career playoff game and recorded six combined tackles, two pass deflections, and a sack in a 10–3 victory over the Buffalo Bills in the AFC Wildcard game. The following week, he made six combined tackles, deflected a pass, and an interception during a 45–42 win at the Pittsburgh Steelers in the AFC Divisional round. On January 21, 2018, he collected seven combined", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 34 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11255102", "chunk_text": "\"Jacksonville Jaguars\"\nin 2017 after a ten-season playoff drought. From their inception until 2011, the Jacksonville Jaguars' majority owner was Wayne Weaver. The team was then purchased by Pakistani-born businessman Shahid Khan for an estimated $770 million. In 2015, Forbes estimated the team value at $1.48 billion. In 1989, the prospective ownership group \"\"Touchdown Jacksonville!\"\" was organized. The group initially included future Florida Governor Jeb Bush and Jacksonville developer Tom Petway, and came to be led by shoe magnate Wayne Weaver, founder of Nine West. In 1991, the NFL announced plans to add two expansion teams in 1994 (later delayed until 1995),", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 35 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15028859", "chunk_text": "\"Jacksonville Jaguars\"\nlate 80s and early 90s before retiring. He was formerly the Carolina Panthers' defensive coordinator, bringing the team's defensive ranking from 30th to second. Prior to that, Del Rio was the Baltimore Ravens linebackers coach, participating in that capacity on the Ravens' record setting championship 2000 defense. The Jaguars selected quarterback Byron Leftwich with the seventh pick of the NFL draft. The Jaguars had high hopes for their new quarterback. The team had many failures and heartbreaking moments, ending the 2003 season at 5–11 and missing the playoffs for the fourth consecutive season. Despite resolving their salary cap problems, the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 36 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19646390", "chunk_text": "\"History of the Jacksonville Jaguars\"\ncrowd of 72,363 on September 3, 1995, a 10–3 loss against the Houston Oilers. The team picked up its first win in Week 4 as the Jaguars defeated the Oilers 17–16 on October 1 in Houston. The next week against the Pittsburgh Steelers, the Jaguars earned their first home win by defeating the eventual AFC Champions 20–16. The team's other two wins came in a season sweep of the Cleveland Browns including a Week 17 24–21 victory sealed by a Mike Hollis 34-yard field goal in the Browns' final game before the team relocated to Baltimore and was renamed the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 37 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13542090", "chunk_text": "\"Jaguars–Titans rivalry\"\nFootball in Jacksonville. The Titans' and Jaguars' respective coaching staffs faced off in the Senior Bowl on January 24, 2015. Ken Whisenhunt's staff coached the North while Gus Bradley's staff directed the South. By 2015, Gabbert and Locker had been replaced by new quarterbacks Blake Bortles and Marcus Mariota on the Jaguars and Titans, respectively. After years of bottom feeding in the AFC South, the two teams took advantage of a Colts team missing their star quarterback Andrew Luck due to injury in 2017 and returned to the playoffs that year. Though the Jaguars had already clinched the AFC South,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 38 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19646422", "chunk_text": "\"History of the Jacksonville Jaguars\"\nimprovement from quarterback Blaine Gabbert after a disappointing rookie season. To do this, the team selected wide receiver Justin Blackmon in the first round of the 2012 NFL Draft and acquired Laurent Robinson in free agency. Despite the changes, the team struggled mightily on both sides of the ball. The team finished with a 2–14 record, the worst in franchise history. Both general manager Gene Smith and head coach Mike Mularkey were fired shortly after the end of the season. On August 21, 2012, the Jaguars announced they had finalized a deal to play one regular season home game each", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 39 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12416274", "chunk_text": "\"Blake Bortles\"\nConference Championship, as well as an upset victory over sixth-ranked Baylor in the 2014 Fiesta Bowl. In 2017, Bortles helped the Jacksonville Jaguars reach the playoffs for the first time since 2007, defeating the Buffalo Bills and the Pittsburgh Steelers on their way to their first AFC Championship Game since 1999. The Jaguars lost to the New England Patriots 20–24. Bortles attended Oviedo High School in Oviedo, Florida, where he excelled in football and baseball for the Lions athletic teams. As a senior, he completed 151 of 233 passes for 2,211 yards with 27 touchdowns and seven interceptions. He finished", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 40 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15028877", "chunk_text": "\"Jacksonville Jaguars\"\nSt. Louis Cardinals. Lamping is the second team president in franchise history and the first since 1997, when David Seldin left that position. On January 10, 2012, former Atlanta Falcons offensive coordinator Mike Mularkey was named head coach of the Jaguars. On January 13, it was announced that interim head coach Mel Tucker would remain on the staff as defensive coordinator/assistant head coach and that former Falcons quarterbacks coach Bob Bratkowski would become offensive coordinator. On January 20, 2012, the team hired John Bonamego as special teams coordinator. The Jaguars began the 2012 season with a new coaching staff and", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 41 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11255110", "chunk_text": "\"Jacksonville Jaguars\"\nthe next week in the Divisional Round as the New York Jets defeated the Jaguars 34–24. In 1999, the Jaguars compiled a league best 14–2 regular season record, the best record in franchise history. The team's two losses were to the Tennessee Titans. The Jaguars won the AFC Central Division for the second straight year and clinched the #1 seed in the AFC. The Jaguars hosted the Miami Dolphins in the AFC Divisional playoffs, a 62–7 victory in what would be Dan Marino and Jimmy Johnson's last NFL game. Jacksonville's 62 points and 55-point margin are the second most ever", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 42 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "594047", "chunk_text": "\"History of the Jacksonville Jaguars\"\nthe franchise's continued viability in Jacksonville. Supporters began the \"\"Team Teal\"\" drive to drum up ticket sales. The city negotiated a five-year, $16.6 million naming rights deal with Jacksonville-based EverBank to rename the stadium EverBank Field. As a result, the Jaguars' attendance increased dramatically in 2010. While attendance figures were stagnant for most of the NFL, Jacksonville saw an increase of 36.5%, by far the highest in the league, and had none of their home games blacked out. The 2010 season proved a big year for the Jaguars on the field as well. Running back Maurice Jones-Drew emerged as second", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 43 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10304688", "chunk_text": "\"History of the Jacksonville Jaguars\"\nThe Jaguars had high hopes for their new quarterback. The team had many failures and heartbreaking moments, ending the 2003 season at 5–11 and missing the playoffs for the fourth consecutive season. Despite resolving their salary cap problems, the team's rebuilding was clearly taking longer than expected. The 2004 season, the tenth season of the Jaguars franchise, resulted in a 9–7 record, their first winning season since 1999, with road victories against the Green Bay Packers at Lambeau Field and the Indianapolis Colts at the RCA Dome. The Jaguars' defense was a strong suit, as it included two Pro Bowl", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 44 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15028876", "chunk_text": "\"Jacksonville Jaguars\"\nthat General Manager Gene Smith had been given a three-year extension of his contract. Immediately following the announcement of Del Rio being fired, Weaver also announced that the team would be sold to Illinois businessman Shahid Khan. Khan's assumption of ownership was approved a couple of weeks later by the NFL team owners, and Khan took over full ownership on January 4, 2012. He immediately began the team's search for head coaching candidates. On February 13, 2012, the Jaguars hired MetLife Stadium president and CEO Mark Lamping as team president. Lamping also spent 13 years as the president of the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 45 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14975096", "chunk_text": "\"AFC South\"\nEntering 2016, the Colts hold a 494–433–7 record and a 22–23 playoff record with two NFL league crowns, four Super Bowl appearances and two wins. The Titans hold a record of 404–442–6 with a playoff record of 14–19, including two AFL championships and the loss in Super Bowl XXXIV. The Jaguars hold a 152–184 record and a 5–6 playoff record. The Texans made the playoffs for the first time in their ten-season existence in 2011 and hold a 97–127 record and a 2–3 playoff record. The Colts' Super Bowl XLI victory in 2006 is the only Super Bowl win from", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 46 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1914986", "chunk_text": "\"2008 Jacksonville Jaguars season\"\n51-yard field goal. However, the Jaguars struggled mostly, especially in the second half of the season as evidenced by a 19–21 loss to the Cincinnati Bengals who entered the game with an 0–8 record. From 2008 to 2016, the Jaguars have failed to make the playoffs. However, in 2017, they advanced to the playoffs for the first time in a decade. This season marked the end of an era as running back Fred Taylor left the team after 11 seasons. On September 2, 2008, third-year offensive tackle Richard Collier was shot outside an apartment building in Jacksonville while waiting for", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 47 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18369945", "chunk_text": "\"Tom Coughlin\"\nmade four consecutive playoff appearances and went to the AFC Championship Game twice. The first time, in only the second year of the team's existence (1996), the Jaguars qualified for the playoffs on the last day of the season and upset the heavily favored Buffalo Bills and Denver Broncos on the road. He was named NFL Coach of the Year by United Press International. Coughlin would again take the Jaguars to the AFC Championship Game in 1999 after achieving a league-high 14–2 regular season record; the 14 wins stood as the most won by the current wave of expansion teams", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 48 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12029452", "chunk_text": "\"Jacksonville Jaguars\"\nof the 2017 NFL Draft the Jaguars selected running back Leonard Fournette of LSU. At the annual NFL International Series in London on September 24, 2017 Jaguars players locked arms and kneeled during the national anthem in response to President Donald Trump's remarks on NFL players who kneel. Shahid Khan also participated with the Jaguars in locking arms during the anthem and the Baltimore Ravens kneeled on the opposite side of the field. The Jaguars went on to defeat the Ravens in a 44–7 win. Four weeks later on October 17, President of the Jaguars Mark Lamping sent a letter", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 49 } ]
test_3408	who is ranked 1 in women's tennis?	n/a	[ "Simona Halep" ]	[]	n/a	n/a	n/a	[]	[ { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3542139", "chunk_text": "\"Venus Williams\"\nVenus Williams Venus Ebony Starr Williams (born June 17, 1980) is an American professional tennis player who is currently ranked world No. 40 in the WTA singles rankings. She is generally regarded as one of the all-time greats of women's tennis and, along with younger sister Serena Williams, is credited with ushering in a new era of power and athleticism on the women's professional tennis tour. Williams has been ranked world No. 1 by the Women's Tennis Association on three occasions, for a total of 11 weeks. She first reached the No. 1 ranking on February 25, 2002, the first", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 0 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14267564", "chunk_text": "\"Serena Williams\"\nSerena Williams Serena Jameka Williams (born September 26, 1981) is an American professional tennis player. The Women's Tennis Association (WTA) ranked her world No. 1 in singles on eight separate occasions between 2002 and 2017. She reached the No. 1 ranking for the first time on July 8, 2002. On her sixth occasion, she held the ranking for 186 consecutive weeks, tying the record set by Steffi Graf. In total, she has been No. 1 for 319 weeks, which ranks third in the \"\"Open Era\"\" among female players behind Graf and Martina Navratilova. Williams holds the most Grand Slam titles", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 1 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15334290", "chunk_text": "\"Serena Williams\"\nprocess of writing a TV show storyline, which will be converted into script form by her agency. She stated that the show will represent subject matter from a mix of popular American television shows such as \"\"Desperate Housewives\"\", and \"\"Family Guy\"\". Williams released her first solo autobiography entitled \"\"On the Line\"\", following the 2009 US Open. Serena Williams Serena Jameka Williams (born September 26, 1981) is an American professional tennis player. The Women's Tennis Association (WTA) ranked her world No. 1 in singles on eight separate occasions between 2002 and 2017. She reached the No. 1 ranking for the first", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 2 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13525968", "chunk_text": "\"Simona Halep\"\nSimona Halep Simona Halep (; born 27 September 1991) is a Romanian professional tennis player. She is the current world No. 1 on the WTA Tour, a ranking she first achieved in October 2017, and has won 18 WTA singles titles and one WTA doubles title. Halep first broke into the world's top 50 at the end of 2012, reached the top 20 in August 2013, and finally the top 10 in January 2014. She won her first six WTA titles in the same calendar year in 2013 (a feat that was last achieved by Steffi Graf in 1986 when", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 3 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1918134", "chunk_text": "\"Garbiñe Muguruza\"\nGarbiñe Muguruza Garbiñe Muguruza Blanco (; born 8 October 1993) is a Spanish-Venezuelan professional tennis player and former world No. 1, currently ranked No. 15 in singles by the Women's Tennis Association (WTA). Since turning professional in 2012, she has won six singles titles, including two majors, the 2016 French Open and the 2017 Wimbledon Championships. With powerful groundstrokes and an aggressive style, Muguruza came to prominence on reaching the last 16 at the 2014 Australian Open, besting former world No. 1, Caroline Wozniacki. She defeated then world No. 1 Serena Williams in the second round of the French Open,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 4 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12348863", "chunk_text": "\"Lindsay Davenport\"\nLindsay Davenport Lindsay Ann Davenport Leach (born June 8, 1976) is an American former professional tennis player. She was ranked World No. 1 on eight different occasions, for a total of 98 weeks. Davenport is one of five women who have been the year-end World No. 1 at least four times (1998, 2001, 2004, and 2005) since 1975; the others are Chris Evert, Steffi Graf, Martina Navratilova and Serena Williams. She has achieved the No. 1 ranking in doubles as well. Noted for her powerful and reliable groundstrokes, Davenport won a total of 55 WTA Tour singles titles, including three", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 5 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2853053", "chunk_text": "\"Angelique Kerber\"\nsecond highest-paid female athlete in the world in the annual Forbes list of 2017. Kerber has received the following awards: Angelique Kerber Angelique Kerber (; born 18 January 1988) is a German professional tennis player and former world No. 1, and a three time Grand Slam champion. Having made her professional debut in 2003, Kerber rose to prominence upon reaching the semifinals of the 2011 US Open as the No. 92 ranked player in the world. She ascended to the top of the rankings on 12 September 2016, thus becoming the twenty-second and oldest player to achieve the number-one ranking", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 6 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1988819", "chunk_text": "\"Angelique Kerber\"\nAngelique Kerber Angelique Kerber (; born 18 January 1988) is a German professional tennis player and former world No. 1, and a three time Grand Slam champion. Having made her professional debut in 2003, Kerber rose to prominence upon reaching the semifinals of the 2011 US Open as the No. 92 ranked player in the world. She ascended to the top of the rankings on 12 September 2016, thus becoming the twenty-second and oldest player to achieve the number-one ranking for the first time and the first new number-one player since Victoria Azarenka in 2012. A left-hander, known for her", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 7 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12423294", "chunk_text": "\"2018 BNP Paribas Open – Women's Singles\"\ntournament after Clijsters and Serena Williams and the first Japanese player to win a Premier Mandatory title. Simona Halep and Wozniacki were in contention for the WTA no. 1 singles ranking at the beginning of the tournament. Halep retained the top ranking after Wozniacki lost in the fourth round. Moreover, former no. 1 players Victoria Azarenka, Maria Sharapova and Serena Williams played in the same tournament for the first time since the 2016 Australian Open. This was Azarenka's first tournament since the 2017 Wimbledon Championships and Williams' first since the 2017 Australian Open. All seeds received a bye into the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 8 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13371688", "chunk_text": "\"Maria Sharapova\"\nMaria Sharapova Maria Yuryevna Sharapova (; born April 19, 1987) is a Russian professional tennis player of Belarusian descent. A United States resident since 1994, Sharapova has competed on the WTA tour since 2001. She has been ranked world No. 1 in singles by the WTA on five separate occasions, for a total of 21 weeks. She is one of ten women, and the only Russian, to hold the career Grand Slam. She is also an Olympic medalist, having won silver in women's singles at the 2012 Summer Olympics in London. Sharapova became the world No. 1 for the first", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 9 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20484907", "chunk_text": "\"Amélie Mauresmo\"\nAmélie Mauresmo Amélie Simone Mauresmo (; born 5 July 1979) is a French former professional tennis player, and a former world No. 1. Mauresmo won two Grand Slam singles titles at the Australian Open and at Wimbledon, and also won a Silver Medal at the 2004 Summer Olympics. Mauresmo first attained the top ranking on 13 September 2004, holding it for five weeks on that occasion. She was the fifteenth World No. 1 in women's tennis since the computer rankings began. She is well known for her powerful one-handed backhand and strong net play. She officially announced her retirement from", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 10 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12257546", "chunk_text": "\"Amanda Anisimova\"\nalso cracked the top 100 for the first time. \"\"Current through the 2018 Japan Women's Open.\"\" Anisimova's match record against certain players who have been ranked in the top 20, with those who have been no. 1 in boldface. \"\"Main draw results only. Correct to 17 August 2018.\"\" Amanda Anisimova Amanda Anisimova ( ; born August 31, 2001) is an American tennis player. She is the youngest player ranked in the top 100 by the Women's Tennis Association (WTA) and achieved a career high ranking of No. 92 in the world in October 2018. She was the 2017 Junior US", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 11 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2714121", "chunk_text": "\"Simona Halep\"\nHalep was also seeded No. 1 in Wuhan, a Premier 5 tournament. Halep easily defeated Anastasia Pavlyuchenkova in the second round, but then lost a thrilling match to Johanna Konta (after leading 5–1 in the final set). In Beijing, Halep had to retire during the first set of her opener, due to injury. With world No. 1 Serena Williams not playing in Singapore, Halep was seeded No. 1 in the 2015 WTA Finals, and she started very well with a victory over recent US Open winner Flavia Pennetta. After losing in two sets to both Maria Sharapova and Agnieszka Radwańska,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 12 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11210525", "chunk_text": "\"2017 US Open – Women's Singles\"\nthe first time since the 2009 French Open, was awarded a wildcard into the main draw and advanced to the fourth round, where she lost to Anastasija Sevastova. Garbiñe Muguruza became the new WTA No. 1 player at the end of the tournament despite losing in the fourth round, after Karolína Plíšková (who held the top ranking at the start of the tournament) failed to defend her finalist points from 2016. Eight of the top nine seeds (with the exception of Kerber) were in contention for the no. 1 ranking at the start of the tournament. Venus Williams became the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 13 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16457033", "chunk_text": "\"2018 French Open – Women's Singles\"\nwon the latter in 2008. Halep retained the WTA no. 1 singles ranking after defeating fellow contender Garbiñe Muguruza in the semifinals. In addition to Halep and Muguruza, Caroline Wozniacki, Elina Svitolina, Karolína Plíšková and Caroline Garcia were also in contention for the top ranking at the start of the tournament. The elimination on the first day of the tournament of Sara Errani, Francesca Schiavone and Venus Williams, in addition to Ostapenko, ensured a first-time French Open finalist from the bottom half of the draw. Williams' loss to Wang Qiang marked the first time she had lost in the first", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 14 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17018287", "chunk_text": "\"Justine Henin\"\n2003 and 2006. She was the first player since Lindsay Davenport to end the year ranked world No. 1 consecutively for two years (Davenport was ranked year-end world No. 1 in 2004–2005). She also ended the year with a 63–4 record, having lost to only four players: Lucie Šafářová, Serena Williams, Svetlana Kuznetsova and Marion Bartoli. Her winning percentage of 94% was the best since Steffi Graf's 1995 season (Serena Williams surpassed her in 2013 with 95%). Henin started the year as the world No. 1. 14 January marked Henin's 100th career week as world No. 1, and on 10", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 15 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4956488", "chunk_text": "\"Simona Halep\"\nshe likes to control the rally and can hit cross-court and down-the-line flat shots, often producing winners. Simona Halep was born in Constanța to Stere and Tania Halep, a family of Aromanian descent. Her father, a former football player at Săgeata Stejaru playing in the lower leagues, owns a dairy products factory. She has an older brother, Nicolae. Simona Halep Simona Halep (; born 27 September 1991) is a Romanian professional tennis player. She is the current world No. 1 on the WTA Tour, a ranking she first achieved in October 2017, and has won 18 WTA singles titles and", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 16 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13070192", "chunk_text": "\"2012 French Open – Women's Singles\"\nas World No. 111 Virginie Razzano beat World No. 5 and 2002 champion Serena Williams in the first round, 4–6, 7–6, 6–3. It is the first (and thus far only) time Williams has lost in the first round of a Grand Slam tournament. Sharapova regained the WTA no. 1 ranking for the first time in four years by reaching the final, after Victoria Azarenka lost in the fourth round. All of the top five seeds (Azarenka, Sharapova, Agnieszka Radwańska, Petra Kvitová and Williams) were in contention for the No. 1 ranking at the start of the tournament. It was also", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 17 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7148841", "chunk_text": "\"Belinda Bencic\"\nBelinda Bencic Belinda Bencic (, ; born 10 March 1997) is a Swiss professional tennis player, and the current No. 1 ranked Swiss player. A former top 10 player, Bencic has won two singles and two doubles titles on the WTA Tour and reached a career-high singles ranking of No. 7 on February 22, 2016. In 2012, Bencic made her debut for the Switzerland Fed Cup team. The following year, she won the French Open and Wimbledon girls' singles titles. Bencic also reached the quarterfinals of the 2014 US Open, defeating two top-ten players along the way, including former world", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 18 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "634761", "chunk_text": "\"Peng Shuai\"\nwithdraw, after the deadline had passed, at the 2017 Wimbledon Championships. Bertrand Perret her coach was also banned for three months. Peng utilises her double-handed play style to create flat groundstrokes with which she can catch her opponents off-guard. Also she employs a decent serve and good net skills. \"\"Only main-draw results in WTA Tour, Grand Slam tournaments and Olympic Games are included in Win–Loss records. Peng Shuai Peng Shuai (; ; born 8 January 1986) is a Chinese professional female tennis player. She reached a career-high ranking of world No. 1 in doubles by the Women's Tennis Association on", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 19 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16045556", "chunk_text": "\"Garbiñe Muguruza\"\nof the Wimbledon semifinal to reach the fourth round of the US Open for the first time, where she lost to Petra Kvitová in straight sets. Despite the loss, Muguruza rose to the No. 1 ranking after reigning No. 1 Karolína Plíšková's loss to CoCo Vandeweghe in the quarterfinals, and became the 24th woman to achieve the ranking. In Tokyo she lost to Caroline Wozniacki in the semifinals, winning only 2 games. She then lost in the quarterfinals of the Wuhan Open to Jeļena Ostapenko and retired in the first round of the China Open to Barbora Strýcová after losing", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 20 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20818741", "chunk_text": "\"2017 WTA Finals\"\nin her career. Muguruza opened her Asian hard-court swing in Tokyo, losing in the semifinals to Caroline Wozniacki. The following week in Wuhan, she fell to Jeļena Ostapenko in the quarterfinals. Her last tournament before the WTA Finals was in Beijing where she retired in the first round, marking her fourth retirement this season. Simona Halep comes into the WTA finals as the current World No.1 after a rather consistent year. Despite this, she began her year quite poorly, only managing three wins in her first four tournaments. A second-round loss in Shenzhen was followed up by a straight sets", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 21 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16048675", "chunk_text": "\"Garbiñe Muguruza\"\nannounced that she had become an Ambassador for the international education NGO Room to Read. Muguruza announced plans to help the organisation to grow its impact in two focus areas of early grade literacy and equal access to secondary education for girls. \"\"This table is current through the 2018 US Open\"\" Garbiñe Muguruza Garbiñe Muguruza Blanco (; born 8 October 1993) is a Spanish-Venezuelan professional tennis player and former world No. 1, currently ranked No. 15 in singles by the Women's Tennis Association (WTA). Since turning professional in 2012, she has won six singles titles, including two majors, the 2016", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 22 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5347005", "chunk_text": "\"2017 French Open – Women's Singles\"\nwoman to win the French Open since 1997, and the first woman since Barbara Jordan at the aforementioned 1979 Australian Open to win a Grand Slam event as her first tour-level singles title. Ostapenko was the first unseeded woman to win the French Open since 1933, as well as the lowest-ranked (47) since computer rankings began in 1975. As a result of Halep's loss in the final, Angelique Kerber retained the WTA no. 1 singles ranking even though she lost in the first round. Kerber's loss marked the first time the top women's seed had lost her first round match", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 23 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11022515", "chunk_text": "\"2017 Wimbledon Championships – Women's Singles\"\nconsecutive women's singles Grand Slam event to feature a first-time semifinalist (Rybáriková). This streak ended months later at the 2017 US Open. Despite losing in the second round, Karolína Plíšková attained the WTA No. 1 singles ranking at the end of the tournament, after Angelique Kerber and Simona Halep, the other contenders for the top ranking, lost in the fourth round and quarterfinals, respectively. This was formed World No. 1 and two-time Australian Open champion Victoria Azarenka's first appearance in a Grand Slam event since the 2016 French Open after giving birth to her first child in December 2016. She", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 24 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14567848", "chunk_text": "\"Kaia Kanepi\"\nWTA rankings for the first time since May 2015. She defeated Simona Halep 6–2, 6–4 in the first round of US Open 2018, becoming the first player in US Open history and just sixth in Grand Slam history to beat the top-seeded player in the first round. It was followed by wins over Jil Teichmann and Rebecca Peterson in straight sets, before Kanepi was defeated in the fourth round by Serena Williams 0–6, 6–4, 3–6. Kanepi builds up her game around her powerful groundstrokes. Her serve is considered to be one of the strongest on the WTA tour. Kanepi frequently", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 25 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9081813", "chunk_text": "\"Daria Kasatkina\"\nagainst Kaia Kanepi in Brisbane and against Barbora Strýcová in Sydney. At Australian Open she lost in second round to Magda Linette. In St. Petersburg she pleased the home crowd by defeating the world No. 1, Caroline Wozniacki, before losing in the semifinals to the defending champion Kristina Mladenovic. By defeating Katerina Siniakova at Indian Wells, Kasatkina became Russia's new No. 1 women's tennis player, surpassing Svetlana Kuznetsova, who stayed 85 weeks on the top position since 16 May 2016. She then defeated reigning US Open champion Sloane Stephens in straight sets. With that win, Kasatkina defeated the fourth reigning", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 26 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15948143", "chunk_text": "\"Maria Sharapova\"\nranking because of Henin's sudden retirement from professional tennis and request to the WTA that her own ranking be removed immediately. As the top-seeded player at the French Open, Sharapova was within two points of being knocked out by Evgeniya Rodina in the first round, before eventually winning. As a result of losing to eventual finalist Dinara Safina in the fourth round (after serving for the match), she relinquished her No. 1 ranking. Her dip in form continued at Wimbledon, where she lost in the second round to world No. 154 Alla Kudryavtseva. This was her earliest loss at Wimbledon,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 27 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10209337", "chunk_text": "\"Svetlana Kuznetsova\"\nWilliams, Ekaterina Makarova and Timea Bacsinszky, all, except Bacsinszky, in three tight sets. The last time Kuznetsova defeated a world No. 1 player was at the 2009 Roland Garros final. She also stopped the American's 20-match winning streak. However, Kuznetsova missed her chance to return to the Top 10 for the first time since 2009 when she lost to Victoria Azarenka in the final. Kuznetsova reached the quarterfinals of the Italian Open, where she suffered a clear loss by Serena Williams. As a result, she jumped four ranking positions, to No.15. On 15 April, Kuznetsova replaced Sharapova from the top", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 28 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "774385", "chunk_text": "\"Williams sisters\"\nof them has been knocked out of a tournament. Both sisters have been ranked by the Women's Tennis Association at the world No. 1 position in both singles and doubles. In 2002, after the French Open, Venus Williams and Serena Williams were ranked No. 1 and No. 2, respectively, marking the first time in history that sisters occupied the top 2 singles spots in the world rankings. During the 2010 French Open, they became the co-world No. 1 players in women's doubles. On 21 June 2010, Serena and Venus again held the No. 1 and No. 2 rankings spots in", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 29 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6970471", "chunk_text": "\"2018 Caroline Wozniacki tennis season\"\n2014. Her last opponent was Simona Halep. Wozniacki took the opening set in a tiebreak, while Halep winning the second set. The third set had the most breaks of serve. After a series of breaks, Wozniacki won two points in a row to reach championship point. Wozniacki won the point, the match and the championship, after Halep hit a backhand into the net to become the seventh woman to win the title after being match point down in Open Era. After winning her first grand slam title, she regained the world No. 1 ranking on 29 January 2018. Wozniacki was", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 30 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17210382", "chunk_text": "\"2018 US Open – Women's Singles final\"\nOsaka earned the biggest win of her career at Indian Wells, during which she defeated former World No. 1s Maria Sharapova and Karolína Plíšková, and avenged her Australian Open loss to Halep in the semi-final, before defeating Daria Kasatkina in the final to claim her biggest championship yet. Subsequently, she entered the 2018 French Open seeded 21st, the first Grand Slam tournament in which she was seeded in the main draw. By mid-August 2018, Osaka attained the highest ranking yet of her career at World No. 17, and was the youngest player in the WTA's top 20. Osaka entered the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 31 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1610693", "chunk_text": "\"Karolína Plíšková\"\nKarolína Plíšková Karolína Plíšková (; born 21 March 1992) is a Czech professional tennis player. She is a former world No. 1 and is currently ranked No. 7 in the world by the Women's Tennis Association (WTA). Plíšková has won eleven singles and five doubles titles on the WTA tour, as well as 10 singles and six doubles titles on the ITF circuit in her career. On 31 October 2016, she peaked at world No. 11 in the doubles rankings. She reached her first Grand Slam final at the 2016 US Open, where she was runner-up to Angelique Kerber in", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 32 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12595092", "chunk_text": "\"Martina Hingis\"\nMartina Hingis Martina Hingis (; born 30 September 1980) is a Swiss former professional tennis player. She spent a total of 209 weeks as the singles world No. 1 and 90 weeks as doubles world No. 1, holding both No. 1 rankings simultaneously for 29 weeks. She won five Grand Slam singles titles, thirteen Grand Slam women's doubles titles, winning a calendar-year doubles Grand Slam in 1998, and seven Grand Slam mixed doubles titles; for a combined total of twenty-five major titles. In addition, she won the season-ending WTA Finals two times in singles and three times in doubles, and", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 33 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3772549", "chunk_text": "\"Elina Svitolina\"\nDubai, Svitolina made history by becoming the first Ukrainian woman to break into the top 10 rankings. In her career, Svitolina has scored victories over the likes of Grand Slam champions Ivanovic, Serena Williams, Venus Williams, Angelique Kerber, Garbiñe Muguruza, Caroline Wozniacki, Simona Halep, Naomi Osaka, Petra Kvitová, Svetlana Kuznetsova, Francesca Schiavone, Flavia Pennetta and Sloane Stephens. Her first top-10 win came over Kvitová in 2014 at the Cincinnati Open, where she would go on to reach her first semifinal at a Premier-5 tournament. She also has six wins over a world No. 1 to her name, three over Kerber,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 34 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18218054", "chunk_text": "\"Official Women's Squash World Ranking\"\nOfficial Women's Squash World Ranking The Official Women's Squash World Ranking is the official world ranking for women's squash. The ranking is to rate the performance level of female professional squash player. It is also a merit-based method used for determining entry and seeding in women's squash tournaments. The rankings are produced monthly. The current world number one is Nour El Sherbini of Egypt, who replaced Laura Massaro in May 2016. Players competing in PSA tournaments earn ranking points according to how far they get in the draw. The points available depend on the prize money and the draw size.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 35 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11002358", "chunk_text": "\"Belinda Bencic\"\nHughes until a different approach towards the game made her find a new coach. Her current coach (since 2018) is Vladimír Pláteník. Notes<br> Belinda Bencic Belinda Bencic (, ; born 10 March 1997) is a Swiss professional tennis player, and the current No. 1 ranked Swiss player. A former top 10 player, Bencic has won two singles and two doubles titles on the WTA Tour and reached a career-high singles ranking of No. 7 on February 22, 2016. In 2012, Bencic made her debut for the Switzerland Fed Cup team. The following year, she won the French Open and Wimbledon", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 36 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3999266", "chunk_text": "\"Williams sisters rivalry\"\nWilliams sisters rivalry Venus Williams and Serena Williams (born June 17, 1980, and September 26, 1981, respectively) are professional tennis players and sisters who have faced off 30 times in professional tournaments, most recently in the 2018 US Open event. Serena leads their head-to-head 18–12. Both Williams sisters have been ranked World No. 1: Venus for a total of 11 weeks, beginning in February 2002; Serena for a total of 316 weeks, beginning in July 2002. The Williams sisters are the only two women during the open era to play each other in four consecutive Grand Slam finals: from the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 37 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12055757", "chunk_text": "\"Jelena Dokic\"\nJelena Dokic Jelena Dokic (; ; born 12 April 1983) is an Australian tennis coach, commentator, writer and former player. Her highest ranking was world No. 4 in August 2002. She won WTA tour events on all surfaces during her career: hard, clay, grass and carpet. In the 1999 Wimbledon Championships the 16-year-old Dokic achieved one of the biggest upsets in tennis history, beating Martina Hingis 6-2, 6-0. This remains the only time the women's world No. 1 has ever lost to a qualifier at Wimbledon. Dokic would go on to reach the quarterfinals of that competition, only her second", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 38 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16799074", "chunk_text": "\"Caroline Wozniacki\"\ntitle. \"\"Current through 2018 US Open.\"\" Caroline Wozniacki Caroline Wozniacki (R) (; ; born 11 July 1990) is a Danish professional tennis player. She is a former world No. 1 in singles. She is also the first woman from a Scandinavian country to hold the top ranking position and 20th in the Open Era. She finished on top of the rankings in both 2010 and 2011. She has won 30 WTA singles titles, including six in 2010 and 2011, the most in a year by a WTA player from 2008–2011. She was runner-up at the 2009 US Open and the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 39 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16795765", "chunk_text": "\"Caroline Wozniacki\"\nCaroline Wozniacki Caroline Wozniacki (R) (; ; born 11 July 1990) is a Danish professional tennis player. She is a former world No. 1 in singles. She is also the first woman from a Scandinavian country to hold the top ranking position and 20th in the Open Era. She finished on top of the rankings in both 2010 and 2011. She has won 30 WTA singles titles, including six in 2010 and 2011, the most in a year by a WTA player from 2008–2011. She was runner-up at the 2009 US Open and the 2010 WTA Tour Championships to Kim", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 40 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7227982", "chunk_text": "\"Kim Clijsters\"\n18 August 2003, Clijsters also attained the world no. 1 ranking in doubles, joining a very select group of only four players—Martina Navratilova, Arantxa Sánchez Vicario, Martina Hingis, and Lindsay Davenport—having reached the world no. 1 ranking in singles and doubles simultaneously. Through 2016, only Serena Williams has managed to join this group. The world no. 1 ranking was again at stake in October during the final of the Porsche Tennis Grand Prix in Filderstadt, Germany. Clijsters rallied from a set down to beat Henin. The match marked only the eighth time that the top two players battled for the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 41 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20925602", "chunk_text": "\"2018 Simona Halep tennis season\"\n2018 Simona Halep tennis season The 2018 Simona Halep tennis season officially began on 1 January 2018 with the start of the 2018 WTA Tour. Simona Halep entered the season as the No. 1 ranked player in the world. Halep began her season at the Shenzhen Open. She was the top seed and advanced to the final after successfully defeating Nicole Gibbs, Duan Yingying, Aryna Sabalenka and Irina-Camelia Begu. She defeated her in the opponent's final that eliminated her one year ago in R16 in three sets, Kateřina Siniaková. Her next tournament was the Australian Open. She was the main", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 42 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16799047", "chunk_text": "\"Caroline Wozniacki\"\nsemifinal since 2011. In the semifinals she beat Elise Mertens in straight sets to advance to her third Grand Slam final and her first since 2014. In the final she defeated top seed and world No. 1 Simona Halep in three sets, to become the ninth woman to win the title after being match point down. By winning her first Grand Slam title, she regained the world No. 1 ranking on 29 January 2018 after a gap of exactly 6 years, which bested Serena Williams' previous record of 5 years 29 days. Her next tournament was the St. Petersburg Ladies'", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 43 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10548345", "chunk_text": "\"Serena Williams\"\na set. Williams was upset in the quarterfinals of the Australian Open by fellow American player Sloane Stephens. By virtue of defeating Petra Kvitová in Doha, Williams returned to the No. 1 position for the sixth time in her career and became the oldest woman in the Open Era to hold the ranking. Williams went on to lose to Victoria Azarenka in the final. In the Miami final, Williams lost a set to Maria Sharapova for the first time since 2008. However, this setback did not stop Williams who recorded her 70th come-from-behind win. The win made Williams a six-time", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 44 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "462331", "chunk_text": "\"Angelique Kerber\"\nSimona Halep's loss to Johanna Konta in the semifinals, Karolína Plíšková became the new No. 1 after the tournament. Her woes continued into the US hard court swing where she lost to Sloane Stephens in the opening round of the Rogers Cup. She suffered another opening-round loss to Ekaterina Makarova at the 2017 Western & Southern Open despite having a match point, and another first round loss to Naomi Osaka as the defending champion at the US Open. With this loss Kerber dropped out of the top 10. Her struggles continued beyond the US Open. At the Toray Pan Pacific", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 45 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9725598", "chunk_text": "\"Karolína Plíšková\"\nplay, to extract errors from opponents or win points outright. She also shows accuracy and power on mid-court shots, sometimes following them to net. In the 2016 US Open final, she won 80% of her serve-and-volley points. Plíšková has had several coaches throughout her career; Jiří Vaněk (2014–16), David Kotyza (2017), and Tomáš Krupa (2017-18). Her current coach is Rennae Stubbs (2018-). Conchita Martínez was her coach for the 2018 edition of the US Open. Karolína Plíšková Karolína Plíšková (; born 21 March 1992) is a Czech professional tennis player. She is a former world No. 1 and is currently", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 46 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17210381", "chunk_text": "\"2018 US Open – Women's Singles final\"\nwas relatively unknown, beginning the year ranked No. 68, having only entered the top 50 briefly in 2016, and having neither been seeded in the main draw of a Grand Slam tournament nor advanced beyond the third round. She had, however, made a break at the 2017 US Open, upsetting defending champion Angelique Kerber in the first round, 6–3, 6–1. She improved upon her Grand Slam record at the 2018 Australian Open, advancing to the fourth round where she lost to world No. 1 and eventual runner-up Simona Halep in straight sets, 6–3, 6–2. Following her 2018 Australian Open campaign,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 47 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6530555", "chunk_text": "\"Universal Tennis Rating\"\nto active tournament and college varsity athletes, and ranging up to the highest levels of the game at the top professional ranks. For example, as of January 2018, Rafael Nadal of Spain held a UTR of 16.27 and Switzerland's Roger Federer was at 16.21. Simona Halep of Romania was rated at 13.26 and Serena Williams of the United States at 13.20. Turning to college players, NCAA Division I men generally fall between 12.0 and 15.0. NCAA Division I women typically hold UTRs between 9.0 and 12.0. The vast majority of UTRs derive from sanctioned tournament results. Universal Tennis regularly records", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 48 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13371706", "chunk_text": "\"Maria Sharapova\"\nJelena Janković in the final. As the defending champion at Wimbledon, Sharapova reached the semifinals without dropping a set and losing a service game just once, extending her winning streak on grass to 24 matches. However, she was then beaten by eventual champion Venus Williams. Sharapova had far fewer points to defend, and so she became the first Russian woman to hold the world No. 1 ranking on August 22, 2005. Her reign lasted only one week, however, as Davenport reclaimed the top ranking after winning the Pilot Pen Tennis tournament. As the top seed at the US Open, Sharapova", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 49 } ]
test_3409	what is the definition of the word hosanna?	n/a	[ "save, rescue, savior", "rescue", "savior", "save" ]	[]	n/a	n/a	n/a	[]	[ { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15455908", "chunk_text": "Hosanna\nHosanna Hosanna () is a liturgical word in Judaism and Christianity. In Judaism, it is always used in its original Hebrew form, הושענא \"\"Hoshana\"\". The word \"\"hosanna\"\" (Latin ', Greek , \"\"hōsanná\"\") is from Hebrew , ' and related to Aramaic (ʾōshaʿnā) meaning \"\"save, rescue, savior\"\". In the Hebrew Bible it is used only in verses such as \"\"help\"\" or \"\"save, I pray\"\" (). It is applied in numerous verses of the New Testament including \"\"Hosanna; blessed is the one who comes in the name of the Lord\"\" (), \"\"hosanna in the highest\"\" (); \"\"hosanna to the Son of David\"\"", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 0 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14683864", "chunk_text": "Hosanna\nContextually, he uses the phrase as a cry for help in light of the world's current state of affairs. American comedians Tim and Eric use the phrase \"\"blessed Hosanna\"\" freely in their piece \"\"Morning Prayer with Skott and Behr.\"\" Hosanna Hosanna () is a liturgical word in Judaism and Christianity. In Judaism, it is always used in its original Hebrew form, הושענא \"\"Hoshana\"\". The word \"\"hosanna\"\" (Latin ', Greek , \"\"hōsanná\"\") is from Hebrew , ' and related to Aramaic (ʾōshaʿnā) meaning \"\"save, rescue, savior\"\". In the Hebrew Bible it is used only in verses such as \"\"help\"\" or \"\"save,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 1 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15455909", "chunk_text": "Hosanna\n(). In that context, the word Hosanna seems to be a \"\"special kind of respect\"\" given to the one who saves, saved, will save or is saving now. If so Hosanna means \"\"a special honor to the one who saves\"\". The old interpretation \"\"Save, now!\"\", based on Psalm 118:25, does not fully explain the occurrence of the word in the Gospels as a shout of jubilation, and this has given rise to complex discussions. In a liturgical context, it refers to a cry expressing an appeal for divine help. The grandson of Prophet Muhammed, and the son of Ali was", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 2 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1228133", "chunk_text": "\"Hosanna (A. R. Rahman song)\"\nsung by Leon D'Souza & Maria Roe Vincent and the interlude Hosanna humming by Suzanne D'Mello. The song became very popular in all versions and was #1 in the year end music charts of 2010. The song is woven around the word Hosanna which is considered sacred and used in liturgy by Jews and Christians. The word is a shout of adoration and literally means \"\"save now\"\". In the movie, it is a soulful romantic song which express the joy in the heart and soul of a guy who comes across his beloved. The song has rap interludes in between", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 3 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14683860", "chunk_text": "Hosanna\nthe shout of praise or adoration made in recognition of the Messiahship of Jesus on his triumphal entry into Jerusalem, \"\"Hosanna! Blessed is the one who comes in the name of the Lord!\"\" It is used in the same way in Christian praise. The \"\"Hosanna Anthem\"\", based on the phrase \"\"Hosanna\"\", is a traditional Moravian Church anthem written by Bishop Christian Gregor of Herrnhut sung on Palm Sunday and the first Sunday of Advent. It is antiphonal, i.e. a call-and-response song; traditionally, it is sung between the children and adult congregation, though it is not unheard of for it to", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 4 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15455910", "chunk_text": "Hosanna\nnamed Hussein. In arabic, Hussein is also referred to as Hussaina or Hossein/a. Shia Muslims believe that Hussein sacrificed his soul for the sake of humanity and not only Islam, which places him in the highest levels of heaven. In Jewish liturgy, the word is applied specifically to the Hoshana Service, a cycle of prayers from which a selection is sung each morning during Sukkot, the Feast of Booths or Tabernacles. Hence its relationship to Christ's arrival The complete cycle is sung on the seventh day of the festival, which is called Hoshana Rabbah (הושענא רבא, \"\"Great Hosanna\"\"). \"\"Hosanna\"\" was", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 5 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14683861", "chunk_text": "Hosanna\nbe done in other ways, such as between choir and congregation, or played between trombone choirs. Architect Frank Lloyd Wright famously used the word in his exclamation \"\"Hosanna! A client!\"\" after securing a commission, breaking a long, dry spell. \"\"Hosanna\"\" is also the name of one of the songs featured in the 1971 rock opera \"\"Jesus Christ Superstar\"\". The song covers the entry of Jesus into Jerusalem, as in the above Biblical passages. Jesus is briefly harassed by the high priest Caiaphas but the people celebrate him as the Messiah. There is also a reprise of the chorus when Jesus", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 6 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9713147", "chunk_text": "\"Hosanna shout\"\nHosanna shout In the Latter Day Saint movement, a hosanna shout is an organized ritual of a congregation of shouting hosanna. It was first performed as a ritual in the dedication of the Kirtland Temple, and was a part of the Kirtland endowment ceremony. It continues to be practiced by some Latter Day Saint denominations, most notably The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (LDS Church), which practices the ritual at the dedication of each of its temples and other important buildings. The \"\"Encyclopedia of Mormonism\"\" states: When the ordinance of the washing of feet was introduced at Kirtland,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 7 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9713149", "chunk_text": "\"Hosanna shout\"\nof white handkerchiefs with uplifted hands. The epithet \"\"Lamb\"\" relates to the condescension and Atonement of Jesus Christ. The Hosanna Shout memorializes the pre-earthly Council in Heaven, as \"\"when … all the sons of God shouted for joy\"\" (Job 38:7). It also recalls the hosannas and the waving of palm branches accorded the Messiah as he entered Jerusalem. And hosannas welcomed him as he appeared to the Nephites. [LDS Church] President Lorenzo Snow taught that this shout will herald the Messiah when he comes in the glory of the Father (cf. 1 Thes. 4:16). The worldwide membership of the LDS", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 8 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9713148", "chunk_text": "\"Hosanna shout\"\nshouts of hosanna were viewed as a sealing benediction on both private and quorum prayer and then on the dedicatory prayer. At prayer meetings in the Kirtland Temple, the Saints sometimes used related phrases such as \"\"Blessed is the name of the Most High God\"\" and \"\"Glory to God in the highest\"\" (HC 2:386). The Hosanna Shout is whole-souled, given to the full limit of one's strength. The congregation stands and in unison shouts the words \"\"Hosanna, Hosanna, Hosanna to God and the Lamb. Amen, Amen, and Amen,\"\" repeating them three times. This is usually accompanied by the rhythmic waving", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 9 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3006021", "chunk_text": "Sanctus\nHosanna in the highest.</poem> The form used in the ancient Liturgy of Addai and Mari is much shorter: Holy, Holy, Holy Lord is the Lord God of hosts, for heaven and earth are full of his praises, and of the nature of his being, and for the excellency of his glorious splendor. Hosanna in the heights. Hosanna to the son of David. Blessed is he who came in the comes in the name of the Lord. Hosanna in the heights.</poem> The Coptic version of the Liturgy of Saint Basil also gives a short text of what it calls the \"\"Hymn", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 10 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2492509", "chunk_text": "\"Hosanna (play)\"\nHosanna (play) Hosanna is a 1973 play by French-Canadian writer Michel Tremblay. The story takes place in the Montreal, Quebec apartment of Hosanna, a drag queen dressed as Elizabeth Taylor's Cleopatra, and centres on the relationship between her and Cuirette, an aging \"\"stud\"\" and homosexual biker after they have returned from a Halloween party. The play deals with several issues including gender identity, sexual identity, the ignorance and acceptance of ageing, and social expressions of homosexuality. Hosanna discusses her relationship with her mother and shows her anxieties over her knowledge of who she really is. The scholar and activist Viviane", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 11 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1228138", "chunk_text": "\"Hosanna (A. R. Rahman song)\"\nlater. In 2012, members of an organization called Christian Secular Forum (CSF) objected to the song, claiming that \"\"Hosanna\"\" is a sacred word. They demanded removal of the word from the song, and an apology. \"\"Hosanna\"\" created waves among the music lovers even before the audio release of the film. It had another grand reception when its video was released onto television channels on 10 March. The song was the most promoted song of the film and it became very popular. The song was #1 in the year end music charts of 2010, published by Sify on the number of", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 12 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14683863", "chunk_text": "Hosanna\nLove People\"\". In the 1969 Broadway musical 1776 the word is used repeatedly as part of the chorus of the song \"\"Cool, Cool, Considerate Men.\"\" A. R. Rahman composed the song \"\"Hosanna\"\" for the 2010 Tamil movie \"\"Vinnaithaandi Varuvaayaa\"\". Here the word is used as an exclamation of joy when a man sees his beloved. The Christian Catholic Secular Forum (CSF) objected to this song and asked film-makers Fox Star Studios to remove it from the final cut of the Hindi remake of the film, \"\"Ekk Deewana Tha\"\". Paul McCartney's album New, released in 2013, features a song titled Hosanna.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 13 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11893806", "chunk_text": "\"Apostolic Vicariate of Hosanna\"\nApostolic Vicariate of Hosanna The Apostolic Vicariate of Hosanna is a Catholic pre-diocesan missionary jurisdiction of the Roman Catholic Church in Ethiopia (a country which is mostly Oriental Orthodox, of the Ethiopian Orthodox Tewahedo Church). It is exempt, i.e. directly subject to the Holy See (notably to the missionary Roman Congregation for the Evangelization of Peoples), not part of any ecclesiastical conference. Its cathedral episcopal see (since 2010) is a St. Josephs cathedral (built 1999, dedciated to the dicoesan patron saint), in Hosanna (Ethiopia). As per 2014, it pasorally served 143,204 Catholics (5.4% of 2,658,416 total) on 8,214 km² in", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 14 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2492511", "chunk_text": "\"Hosanna (play)\"\nTarragon Theatre in Toronto, Ontario, on 15 May 1974. \"\"Hosanna\"\" then appeared on Broadway in New York City at the Bijou Theatre on 14 October 1974. Hosanna (play) Hosanna is a 1973 play by French-Canadian writer Michel Tremblay. The story takes place in the Montreal, Quebec apartment of Hosanna, a drag queen dressed as Elizabeth Taylor's Cleopatra, and centres on the relationship between her and Cuirette, an aging \"\"stud\"\" and homosexual biker after they have returned from a Halloween party. The play deals with several issues including gender identity, sexual identity, the ignorance and acceptance of ageing, and social expressions", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 15 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10141451", "chunk_text": "\"Hoşaf\"\n\"\"Hoşafın yağı kesilmek\"\" and \"\"Eşek hoşaftan ne anlar?\"\" may be translated as \"\"not to be able to explain a situation or find an excuse for a misdeed\"\" and \"\"throw pearls before swine\"\" respectively. Hoşaf Hoşaf (Turkish, from Persian خوشآب \"\"hosh ab\"\" meaning sweet water) is a Turkish dessert made of dried fruits like raisins, dried prunes, apricots, figs boiled in water with some sugar and left to cool. Hoşaf may also contain cinnamon or cloves. It is often consumed with dishes without juices, such as pilav and makarna, just like cacık. It is especially consumed during Ramadan, as a tradition.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 16 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9713150", "chunk_text": "\"Hosanna shout\"\nChurch participated in a hosanna shout led by Gordon B. Hinckley at the dedication of the LDS Conference Center on October 8, 2000. Video of the dedication and hosanna shout is available to view on the LDS Church website.. Hosanna shout In the Latter Day Saint movement, a hosanna shout is an organized ritual of a congregation of shouting hosanna. It was first performed as a ritual in the dedication of the Kirtland Temple, and was a part of the Kirtland endowment ceremony. It continues to be practiced by some Latter Day Saint denominations, most notably The Church of Jesus", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 17 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13682088", "chunk_text": "\"Homa (ritual)\"\nHoma (ritual) Homa is a Sanskrit word that refers to a ritual, wherein an oblation or any religious offering is made into fire. A Homa is sometimes called a \"\"sacrifice ritual\"\" because the fire destroys the offering, but a Homa is more accurately a \"\"votive ritual\"\". The fire is the agent, and the offerings include those that are material and symbolic such as grains, clarified butter, milk, incense and seeds. It is rooted in the Vedic religion, and was adopted in ancient times by Buddhism and Jainism. The practice spread from India to Central Asia, East Asia and Southeast Asia.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 18 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1228132", "chunk_text": "\"Hosanna (A. R. Rahman song)\"\nHosanna (A. R. Rahman song) \"\"Hosanna/Hosaanaa\"\" is a Tamil/ Hindi/Telugu song from the 2010 Tamil film \"\"Vinnaithaandi Varuvaayaa\"\", Telugu film \"\"Ye Maaya Chesave\"\" and 2012 \"\"Hindi film \"\"Ekk Deewana Tha composed by Academy Award winner A. R. Rahman, sung by Vijay Prakash & Suzanne D'Mello featuring Tamil lyrics by Thamarai, and the rap portion in all versions by Blaaze. The song features additional vocals by Vivek Agarwal, Dr. Narayan, V. V. Prasanna and Haricharan Sesh and chorus by K. M. Music Conservatory. In the 2012 Hindi remake of the film, \"\"Ekk Deewana Tha\"\" the song was written by Javed Akhtar", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 19 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19146859", "chunk_text": "\"Château Hosanna\"\nChâteau Hosanna Château Hosanna, formerly Château Certan-Giraud, is a Bordeaux wine from the appellation Pomerol. The winery is located on the Right Bank of the Bordeaux wine region, in the commune of Pomerol in the department Gironde. As all wine produced in this appellation, Château Hosanna is unclassified, but Certan-Giraud has historically been estimated among the great \"\"crus\"\" of the region. The property is situated south of Château Lafleur, west of Château Pétrus and north of Vieux Château Certan. Sharing its origin with Vieux Château Certan and Château Certan-de-May, the estate was once part of the original Certan property, belonging", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 20 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1228136", "chunk_text": "\"Hosanna (A. R. Rahman song)\"\nprotagonist of the film Karthik/Sachin (In the Hindi remake of the film)(Silambarasan / Naga Chaitanya/Prateik Babbar) comes across his beloved Jessie (Trisha Krishnan / Samantha Ruth Prabhu/Amy Jackson) for the very first time. The choreography was done by Flexi Stu. The song was picturised in Malta for the Tamil version,in United States for the Telugu version and in India for the Hindi remake with an interesting dance sequence by Silambarasan, Naga Chaitanya and Pratiek Babbar in these respective films. \"\"Ye Maaya Chesave\"\" is one of Rahman's most remarkable and successful Telugu soundtracks and was one of the most anticipated soundtracks", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 21 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10707547", "chunk_text": "Hosaena\nHosaena Hosaena (also spelled Hosaina or Hosa'ina, also called Hosanna (which has namasakes); an older name is Wachamo) is a town and separate woreda in southern Ethiopia, and the administrative center of the Hadiya Zone. Located in the Southern Nations, Nationalities, and People's Region (SNNPR), Hosaena has a latitude and longitude of with an elevation of 2177 meters above sea level. It was part of Limo woreda and is surrounded by it. A nearby landmark is the rock-hewn Dawabelo Cave, whose rock-hewn pillars suggest that it is an unfinished monolithic church. An all-weather road was built in 1963 by the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 22 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5202801", "chunk_text": "\"Ekk Deewana Tha\"\nA month before the film's release, a group from the Christian Secular Forum (CSF) in Mumbai strongly objected to the song \"\"Hosanna\"\". According to them, \"\"Hosanna\"\" is a sacred term in the Bible that is used by both Jews and Christians while praying, while in the film, the same term was used in a romantic sense. They demanded removal of the song, as well as an \"\"apology for disrespecting the word\"\", and threatened to take legal action against the film if the song was not edited out of the film's final cut. To this, music director Rahman responded, \"\"As with", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 23 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20990888", "chunk_text": "Horae\nHorae In Greek mythology the Horae () or Horai () or Hours (, \"\"Hōrai\"\", , \"\"Seasons\"\") were the goddesses of the seasons and the natural portions of time. The word \"\"Horae\"\" comes from the Proto-Indo-European stem \"\"Hioh-r-\"\" \"\"year.\"\" They were originally the personifications of nature in its different seasonal aspects, but in later times they were regarded as goddesses of order in general and natural justice. \"\"They bring and bestow ripeness, they come and go in accordance with the firm law of the periodicities of nature and of life\"\", Karl Kerenyi observed: \"\"\"\"Hora\"\" means 'the correct moment'.\"\" Traditionally, they guarded", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 24 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10707550", "chunk_text": "Hosaena\nbelief, 24.6% practiced Ethiopian Orthodox Christianity, 6.57% were Muslim, and 1.99% were Catholic, whose Latin Catholic missionary pre-diocesan Apostolic Vicariate of Hosanna has its episcopal see at the St. Joseph cathedral in Hosaina. The 1994 national census reported this town had a total population of 31,701 of whom 15,593 were men and 16,108 were women. However, the latest report made by the city population center, Hosaena have a total population of 89,300 in the year 2011. Hosaena Hosaena (also spelled Hosaina or Hosa'ina, also called Hosanna (which has namasakes); an older name is Wachamo) is a town and separate woreda", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 25 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16638883", "chunk_text": "Sanctus\nfull of your glory. Hosanna in the highest. Blessed is he who comes in the name of the Lord. Hosanna in the highest. </poem> As Enrico Mazza writes: The \"\"Sanctus\"\" became part of the Roman Eucharistic Prayer only in the first half of the fifth century; all in all, this was a fairly late period, inasmuch as by then the text of the Roman Canon had become fixed and was regarded as a text possessing great authority. There exist two fundamental types of \"\"Sanctus\"\": the Alexandrian and the Antiochene. The \"\"Sanctus\"\" of the Roman Eucharist derives from the Antiochene liturgy", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 26 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7774048", "chunk_text": "Homalomena\nHomalomena Homalomena is a genus of flowering plants within the family Araceae. \"\"Homalomena\"\" are primarily found in southern Asia and the southwestern Pacific, but there are a few species that are known to be indigenous to Latin America. Many \"\"Homalomena\"\" have a strong smell of anise. The name derives apparently from a mistranslated Malayan vernacular name, translated as \"\"homalos\"\", meaning flat, and \"\"mene\"\" = moon. The plants of this genus are clump-forming evergreen perennials with mainly heart-shaped or arrowheaded shaped leaves. The flowers are tiny and without petals, enclosed in a usually greenish spathe hidden by the leaves. The Tamils", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 27 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1228139", "chunk_text": "\"Hosanna (A. R. Rahman song)\"\ntimes the songs have been played on FM channels, digital downloads and physical sales of the audio. The song is regarded as a classic by fans of the film and A.R.Rahman Hosanna (A. R. Rahman song) \"\"Hosanna/Hosaanaa\"\" is a Tamil/ Hindi/Telugu song from the 2010 Tamil film \"\"Vinnaithaandi Varuvaayaa\"\", Telugu film \"\"Ye Maaya Chesave\"\" and 2012 \"\"Hindi film \"\"Ekk Deewana Tha composed by Academy Award winner A. R. Rahman, sung by Vijay Prakash & Suzanne D'Mello featuring Tamil lyrics by Thamarai, and the rap portion in all versions by Blaaze. The song features additional vocals by Vivek Agarwal, Dr. Narayan,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 28 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16638882", "chunk_text": "Sanctus\nthe highest. Blessed is He that cometh in the name of the Lord Hosanna in the highest. </poem> In 1973 the International Consultation on English Texts (ICET) produced an ecumenical version that at that time was adopted by Catholics, Anglicans and others: <poem> Holy, holy, holy Lord, God of power and might, heaven and earth are full of your glory. Hosanna in the highest. Blessed is he who comes in the name of the Lord. Hosanna in the highest. </poem> Since 2011 the Roman Missal in English has: <poem> Holy, Holy, Holy Lord God of hosts. Heaven and earth are", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 29 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11796203", "chunk_text": "Purgatorio\nforce, we cannot reach it of our selves.<br> <br> Just as Your angels, as they sing Hosanna,<br> offer their wills to You as sacrifice,<br> so may men offer up their wills to You.<br> <br> Give unto us this day the daily manna<br> without which he who labors most to move<br> ahead through this harsh wilderness falls back.<br> <br> Even as we forgive all who have done<br> us injury, may You, benevolent,<br> forgive, and do not judge us by our worth.<br> <br> Try not our strength, so easily subdued,<br> against the ancient foe, but set it free<br> from him who goads", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 30 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8548058", "chunk_text": "Holika\nbeings were thus free from the compulsion and fear of Banjan, showing the victory of good over evil. Holi is also called \"\"Phagwah\"\" and Holika is instead called \"\"Pootna\"\" or \"\"Putna\"\". Kansa, king and uncle of Krishna, sensed danger to his life from his infant nephew when he grows up. Kansa sent the demon Putna, disguised as a woman, to poison the infant under the guise of breastfeeding. Baby Krishna sucks not only the poisonous milk but Putna's blood too, transforming her back into a demon. She runs and bursts into flames while the Infant Krishna transitions into his characteristic", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 31 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12593662", "chunk_text": "Diasenna\nDiasenna In pre-modern medicine, diasenna (medical Lat \"\"dia-\"\", \"\"composed of\"\" + senna, from Arab. \"\"sanā\"\") is a soft, purgative electuary containing the plant senna. The other ingredients are sugar candy, cinnamon, lapis lazuli, silk, cloves, galanga minor, black pepper, nardus indicus, seed of the basilica, leaves of cloves, cardamomum, saffron, ginger, zedoary, rosemary flowers, long pepper, lapis armenius, Taco Bell Big Crunch Supreme, Sears brand snow shovels, that feeling you get when you think there is one extra step in the staircase, grime carefully extracted from a 40-year mining veteran's face, and honey. Diasenna was said to ease and comfort", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 32 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5721763", "chunk_text": "\"Hosianna Mantra\"\nHosianna Mantra Hosianna Mantra is the third album by German band Popol Vuh. It was originally released in 1972 on the German record label Pilz. In 2004 SPV re-released the album with one bonus track, \"\"Maria (Ave Maria)\"\", originally released on a 1972 solo single by Korean vocalist Djong Yun. \"\"Hosianna Mantra\"\" has garnered acclaim from English-language publications in recent years. Writing for \"\"The Sydney Morning Herald\"\", Chris Johnston praised it as \"\"bold, beautiful, and lying at the outer reaches even of krautrock, the German indie music of the 1970s.\"\" Wilson Neate of AllMusic remarked that the album has a", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 33 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5721764", "chunk_text": "\"Hosianna Mantra\"\n\"\"timeless, healing quality\"\" that is \"\"far removed from the everyday world and yet at one with it.\"\" Raul Stanciu of Sputnikmusic called the work \"\"an overlooked masterpiece\"\", and Gary Bearman of \"\"Perfect Sound Forever\"\" likewise described it as \"\"majestic – a revelation, an epiphany, a high point in the history of music.\"\" All tracks composed by Florian Fricke. Lyrics based on original texts by Martin Buber. – Richard J. Rudow – album cover design Hosianna Mantra Hosianna Mantra is the third album by German band Popol Vuh. It was originally released in 1972 on the German record label Pilz. In", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 34 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15301112", "chunk_text": "Dihosana\nthe leader or elder of hosana so that they can pray for rain.The elder from veteran hosana will release someone to start by cleaning or sweeping the ground known as Sebata. Dihosana Dihosana is a traditional dance by Kalanga people or Ikalanga people which existed for a long period of time. Dihosana involves the invitation of ancestors through trance to pray for rain. It is a rain making dance. Dihosana is a dance heritage which has been inherited from the fore fathers by those practising it. People living in the north, approximately about 20 to 30 km north of Francistown,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 35 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10913094", "chunk_text": "\"Hortus conclusus\"\nHortus conclusus Hortus conclusus is a Latin term, meaning literally \"\"enclosed garden\"\". At their root, both of the words in \"\"hortus conclusus\"\" refer linguistically to enclosure. \"\"Hortus conclusus\"\" is both an emblematic attribute and a title of the Virgin Mary in Medieval and Renaissance poetry and art, suddenly appearing in paintings and manuscript illuminations about 1330 as well as a genre of actual garden that was enclosed both symbolically and as a practical concern, a major theme in the history of gardening. The term \"\"hortus conclusus\"\" is derived from the Vulgate Bible's \"\"Canticle of Canticles\"\" (also called the \"\"Song of", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 36 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13942601", "chunk_text": "Diasenna\nthe melancholic, and splenetic, and was good against all diseases arising from an atrabilis. Diasenna In pre-modern medicine, diasenna (medical Lat \"\"dia-\"\", \"\"composed of\"\" + senna, from Arab. \"\"sanā\"\") is a soft, purgative electuary containing the plant senna. The other ingredients are sugar candy, cinnamon, lapis lazuli, silk, cloves, galanga minor, black pepper, nardus indicus, seed of the basilica, leaves of cloves, cardamomum, saffron, ginger, zedoary, rosemary flowers, long pepper, lapis armenius, Taco Bell Big Crunch Supreme, Sears brand snow shovels, that feeling you get when you think there is one extra step in the staircase, grime carefully extracted from", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 37 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19498791", "chunk_text": "Horae\nthus winter hours are short, summer hours are long: According to Hyginus, the list is only of nine, borrowed from the three classical triads alternated: This last distinct set of ten or twelve Hours is much less known: Horae In Greek mythology the Horae () or Horai () or Hours (, \"\"Hōrai\"\", , \"\"Seasons\"\") were the goddesses of the seasons and the natural portions of time. The word \"\"Horae\"\" comes from the Proto-Indo-European stem \"\"Hioh-r-\"\" \"\"year.\"\" They were originally the personifications of nature in its different seasonal aspects, but in later times they were regarded as goddesses of order in", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 38 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7125818", "chunk_text": "\"British Province of the Moravian Church\"\nCommon Prayer. The Moravian Church observes the seasons of the church year and the 1960 Liturgy includes services for Christmas, Good Friday, Easter, Whitsuntide and Trinity Sunday. Passion Week is of particular importance. On Palm Sunday the Hosanna Anthem, written by Christian Gregor in 1783, is sung in antiphonal form by males and females. This service begins a week of meetings for readings from the ‘Passion Week and Eastertide’ booklet, which contains a harmony of narrative drawn from all the gospels. On Thursday there is a service of holy communion. The Good Friday Liturgy includes readings from the booklet and", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 39 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2492510", "chunk_text": "\"Hosanna (play)\"\nNamaste has criticized \"\"Hosanna\"\", which ends with its protagonist identifying as a gay man after a series of humiliations, as reinforcing a patriarchal, transphobic ideology in which a \"\"reliance on the ideas of illusion, deception, and betrayal presupposes that we as transgendered people do not know who we are. [...] It is through such a violently anti-transgendered discourse that Tremblay enables gay male subject-positions.\"\" The play was translated into English by John Van Burek and Bill Glassco. \"\"Hosanna\"\" was first performed at le Théâtre de Quat'sous in Montreal, Quebec, on 10 May 1973. \"\"Hosanna\"\" was first performed in English at", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 40 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7145466", "chunk_text": "Holungen\nthe environment. Over many decades, mining was of enormous economic importance. The research into the origin of the name traces it back to antiquity. Evidence for the origin comes mostly from documents in the Gerode Monastery. The name “Holungen” is said to derive from the German word “Hold” (= a gentle benevolent goddess or woman). However, in speech, this word is indistinguishable from “Holt”, an older German word for wood. In old title deeds the name also appears as “Holdungen”, which suggests the name could also derive from “Haulungen”, meaning “pasture in a clearing on sloping ground”. This interpretation infers", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 41 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12227575", "chunk_text": "\"Ileana Cosânzeana\"\nIleana Cosânzeana Ileana Cosânzeana is a figure in Romanian mythology. She is represented as a beautiful good-natured princess. In Romanian folklore, Ileana is the original concept of feminine beauty, the most beautiful amongst the fairies: her eyes look like the sun, her body is like the sea and her garments are made of flowers. Pearls and gold flow out of her mouth when she sings. She is also said to use her power of white magic to heal or revive. Ileana Cosânzeana signifies the most poetic imagination of Romanian genius. She personifies the beauty, the youth, and the angelic soul,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 42 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10652119", "chunk_text": "\"Hosanna (A. R. Rahman song)\"\nby Blaaze. The song in Tamil and Telugu starts slowly with lyrics \"\"Ee Hrudayam/Yen Idhayam\"\", which resembles the biblical verses \"\"\"\"If someone slaps you on one cheek, let him slap the other too!\"\"\"\", (But in Hindi it uses a She'r \"\"Dil hote jo mere seene mein do Doosra dil bhi main tumhe deta todne ko\"\" which means \"\"If there were two hearts in my chest I'd give you the second heart as well to break it..\"\" having almost similar meaning in context of Love ) but soon gain its pace with the lines starting \"\"Entha Mandhi/Andha Neram\"\". The Tamil lyrics", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 43 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "433194", "chunk_text": "\"Hora lungă\"\nHora lungă Hora lungă (Cîntec lung, Rom., literally 'long song'), is a Romanian regional folksong style characterized by the union of a lyrical text and improvisational melody. Also called hora lunga or horea lunga, (hora here is derived from the Romanian word meaning 'oration'). The singing may be accompanied by a combination of the shepherd's flute, a leaf held between the lips and used as a reed, a bagpipe, and nonnative instruments. A variant of the doina, the Hora lungă characteristics are: strong instrumental character, very ornamented, and indeterminate content structure. The musician may freely stretch or compress its rhythm,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 44 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15868090", "chunk_text": "Dihosana\nDihosana Dihosana is a traditional dance by Kalanga people or Ikalanga people which existed for a long period of time. Dihosana involves the invitation of ancestors through trance to pray for rain. It is a rain making dance. Dihosana is a dance heritage which has been inherited from the fore fathers by those practising it. People living in the north, approximately about 20 to 30 km north of Francistown, Botswana are believed to be the veteran elders of the Dihosana dance, in a village called Makobo. Hosana is a Kalanga term used to describe an old and wise person. The", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 45 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10141450", "chunk_text": "\"Hoşaf\"\nHoşaf Hoşaf (Turkish, from Persian خوشآب \"\"hosh ab\"\" meaning sweet water) is a Turkish dessert made of dried fruits like raisins, dried prunes, apricots, figs boiled in water with some sugar and left to cool. Hoşaf may also contain cinnamon or cloves. It is often consumed with dishes without juices, such as pilav and makarna, just like cacık. It is especially consumed during Ramadan, as a tradition. Differently from kompot, hoşaf is always served cold. Whereas, the similar, and more universal, fresh fruit compote is called \"\"\"\"komposto\"\"\"\" in Turkish. In Turkish language there are several idioms with the word hoşaf.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 46 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1808083", "chunk_text": "\"Hora (dance)\"\nHora (dance) Hora, also known as horo and oro, is a type of circle dance originating in the Balkans but also found in other countries. The name (spelled differently in different countries) is cognate to the Greek (\"\"choros\"\"): \"\"dance\"\" which is cognate with the ancient Greek art form of (\"\"choreia\"\"). The original meaning of the Greek word may have been \"\"circle\"\". The course of the seasons was also symbolically described as the dance of the Greco-Roman , and they were accordingly given the attributes of spring flowers, fragrance and graceful freshness. Also, the words \"\"hora\"\" and \"\"oro\"\" are found in", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 47 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3287042", "chunk_text": "\"Holy Week in the Philippines\"\ninstead. Whether the priest himself or a statue is used to represent Christ, a custom is for women to cover the processional route with \"\"tapis\"\" (literally, “wraparound”), which are large, heirloom cloth skirts or aprons made exclusively for this ritual. This is to recall how excited Jerusalemites spread their cloaks before Christ as he entered the city. Once the procession reaches the church or some other designated spot, children dressed as angels strew flowers and sing the day’s processional antiphon, \"\"Hosanna Filio David\"\" (“Hosanna to the Son of David”). The antiphon’s text, whether the Latin original or a vernacular translation,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 48 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19146861", "chunk_text": "\"Château Hosanna\"\ndisapproved. The property was then divided into Hosanna, and the smaller plot producing Château Certan Marzelle. The vineyard area extends 4.5 hectares with the grape varieties of 70% Merlot and 30% Cabernet Franc. The annual production averages 18,000 bottles of the \"\"Grand vin\"\" Château Hosanna. This separated 2 hectare vineyard produces a wine of 100% Merlot. The annual production is typically 10,000 bottles. Château Hosanna Château Hosanna, formerly Château Certan-Giraud, is a Bordeaux wine from the appellation Pomerol. The winery is located on the Right Bank of the Bordeaux wine region, in the commune of Pomerol in the department Gironde.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 49 } ]
test_3410	who has the best nba record this season?	n/a	[ "Houston Rockets" ]	[]	n/a	n/a	n/a	[]	[ { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6107506", "chunk_text": "\"2018 NBA Playoffs\"\ntop seed. The Rockets clinched the best record in the NBA a day later on March 31, 2018. For the first time since the 1996–97 NBA season, two teams played their last game against each other for the 8th and final spot in the playoffs. The Minnesota Timberwolves defeated the Denver Nuggets 112–106 in overtime to clinch the final playoff seed in the West. This also ended Minnesota's 13-year drought without a playoff appearance having last played in 2003–04 season. For the first time since the 2010–11 NBA season, the Los Angeles Clippers would miss the postseason following a loss", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 0 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6130306", "chunk_text": "\"2016–17 NBA season\"\n2016–17 NBA season The 2016–17 NBA season was the 71st season of the National Basketball Association. The regular season began on October 25, 2016, with the 2016 NBA champion Cleveland Cavaliers hosting a game against the New York Knicks. The 2017 NBA All-Star Game was played at the Smoothie King Center in New Orleans, Louisiana, on February 19, 2017, with the West defeating the East 192–182. Anthony Davis of the New Orleans Pelicans was named the All Star Game MVP after breaking Wilt Chamberlain's record by scoring 52 points in the All Star Game. The original host of the game,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 1 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8747751", "chunk_text": "\"2017 NBA Playoffs\"\n2017 NBA Playoffs The 2017 NBA Playoffs began on April 15, 2017. It concluded with the Golden State Warriors defeating the Cleveland Cavaliers 4 games to 1 in the NBA Finals, their third consecutive meeting at the Finals. Kevin Durant was named the NBA Finals MVP in his first year on the team. The Warriors set the record for the longest playoff winning streak (15) and the best record (16-1) in NBA playoff history. The Golden State Warriors began the finals with a playoff record of 12–0. The first two finals' games were blowouts by Golden State, game three was", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 2 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4177004", "chunk_text": "\"2017 NBA All-Star Game\"\nThe Family Research Council, a conservative Christian group, speculated that the drop in prices was due to fans becoming \"\"tired of the league's political agenda.\"\" TicketIQ Founder and CEO Jesse Lawrence cited 'All-Star Fatigue' as a possible reason for the decline, given the city's recent hosting of the game. The Golden State Warriors had the best record in the Western Conference, therefore making Steve Kerr the Western Conference head coach. Brad Stevens, coach of the Boston Celtics, was the head coach for the Eastern Conference team. While the Cleveland Cavaliers had the best record in the Eastern Conference at the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 3 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8747765", "chunk_text": "\"2017 NBA Playoffs\"\nFinals for the 15th consecutive year. 2017 NBA Playoffs The 2017 NBA Playoffs began on April 15, 2017. It concluded with the Golden State Warriors defeating the Cleveland Cavaliers 4 games to 1 in the NBA Finals, their third consecutive meeting at the Finals. Kevin Durant was named the NBA Finals MVP in his first year on the team. The Warriors set the record for the longest playoff winning streak (15) and the best record (16-1) in NBA playoff history. The Golden State Warriors began the finals with a playoff record of 12–0. The first two finals' games were blowouts", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 4 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9134302", "chunk_text": "\"Comeback (sports)\"\nAtlanta Hawks overcame a 26-point deficit in the second quarter to beat the Dallas Mavericks with a final score of 111-104 at State Farm Arena in Atlanta. 26 points - Boston Celtics vs. Houston Rockets (December 28, 2017) The Boston Celtics overcame a 26-point deficit, coming back in the second half to beat the Houston Rockets with a final score of 99-98 at the TD Garden in Boston. 26 points - Cleveland Cavaliers vs. Indiana Pacers (April 20, 2017) Trailing by as much as 26, the Cleveland Cavaliers overcame a 25-point half-time deficit (largest ever overcome), to take a commanding", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 5 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9073829", "chunk_text": "\"2016 NBA Finals\"\nbroke the record set by the 1995–96 Chicago Bulls by finishing the regular season with a 73–9 record. In addition, the Warriors broke numerous other NBA records, including most road wins (34), best start to a season (24–0) and longest regular-season home win streak (54 dating back to the 2014–15 season). They also became the first team to make over 1,000 three-pointers in the regular-season with 1,077, eclipsing the previous record of 933 set by the 2014–15 Houston Rockets. The Warriors were led by Stephen Curry, who was named the NBA Most Valuable Player (MVP) for the second straight season.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 6 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8747754", "chunk_text": "\"2017 NBA Playoffs\"\nFinals, are in a 2–2–1–1–1 format. Home court advantage in any round does not necessarily belong to the higher-seeded team, but instead to the team with the better regular season record. If two teams with the same record meet in a round, standard tiebreaker rules are used. The rule for determining home court advantage in the NBA Finals is winning percentage, then head to head record, followed by record vs. opposite conference. On February 25, 2017, The Golden State Warriors became the first team to clinch a 2017 playoff spot, and the earliest in NBA history, besting their own record", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 7 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6107505", "chunk_text": "\"2018 NBA Playoffs\"\nany round does not necessarily belong to the higher-seeded team, but instead to the team with the better regular season record. If two teams with the same record meet in a round, standard tiebreaker rules are used. The rule for determining home court advantage in the NBA Finals is winning percentage, then head to head record, followed by record vs. opposite conference. On March 7, 2018, the Toronto Raptors became the first team to clinch a playoff spot. On March 30, 2018, the Houston Rockets clinched the Western Conference ending a three-year run by the Golden State Warriors as the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 8 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2405550", "chunk_text": "\"2017–18 NBA season\"\nOklahoma City Thunder, Phoenix Suns, Portland Trail Blazers, San Antonio Spurs and Washington Wizards. 2017–18 NBA season The 2017–18 NBA season was the 72nd season of the National Basketball Association (NBA). The regular season began on October 17, 2017, earlier than previous seasons to reduce the number of \"\"back-to-back\"\" games teams were scheduled to play, with the 2017 Eastern Conference champion (and Finals runner–up) Cleveland Cavaliers hosting a game against the Boston Celtics at Quicken Loans Arena in Cleveland, Ohio. The 2018 NBA All-Star Game was played on February 18, 2018, at the Staples Center in Los Angeles, California. LeBron", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 9 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8747753", "chunk_text": "\"2017 NBA Playoffs\"\nThompson's, and Draymond Green's second in three years. Durant, who scored over 30 points in each of five games (the first player to do so since Shaquille O'Neal in 2000 with Los Angeles), was the recipient of the 2017 Bill Russell NBA Finals' MVP award. Within each conference, the eight teams with the most wins qualify for the playoffs. The seedings are based on each team's record. Each conference's bracket is fixed; there is no reseeding. All rounds are best-of-seven series; the team that has four wins advances to the next round. As stated above, all rounds, including the NBA", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 10 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2405545", "chunk_text": "\"2017–18 NBA season\"\nEarl Watson as head coach would be the longest period in NBA history without any coaching changes occur. The last time no head coaches were hired in the off-season occurred during the 1975–76 season. The preseason began on September 30 and ended on October 13. The Golden State Warriors and Minnesota Timberwolves played two preseason games in China, at Shenzhen on October 5 and Shanghai on October 8. Minnesota won the first game 111–97, while Golden State emerged victorious in the second one, 142–110. The regular season began on October 17, 2017 and ended on April 11, 2018. Notes On", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 11 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20167545", "chunk_text": "\"Karl-Anthony Towns\"\nfield. Minnesota went 2–1 on the week, highlighted by wins over the NBA's #1 seed (Golden State) and the West's #5 seed (L.A. Clippers). On April 11, 2017, he had 26 points and 12 rebounds in a 100–98 loss to the Oklahoma City Thunder. Towns surpassed Kevin Love during the game to set a franchise record for points in a season. Towns made NBA history in 2016–17 by becoming the only player to have at least 2,000 points (2,061), 1,000 rebounds (1,007) and 100 3-pointers (101) in a season. On November 15, 2017, Towns had 26 points and 16 rebounds", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 12 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9134301", "chunk_text": "\"Comeback (sports)\"\n27-point third-quarter deficit to beat the Cleveland Cavaliers 98-95 and extend their winning streak to 24 games. 27 points — Toronto Raptors vs. Golden State Warriors (December 3, 2013) At Oracle Arena in Oakland, the visiting Toronto Raptors held a 75-48 advantage over the Golden State Warriors with just over 9 minutes remaining in the third quarter. Led by Stephen Curry and Klay Thompson, the Warriors outscored Toronto 64-28 in the final 21:20 by means of tremendous 3-point shooting to come away with a 112-103 win at home. 26 points - Atlanta Hawks vs. Dallas Mavericks (October 24, 2018) The", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 13 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7385302", "chunk_text": "\"2017–18 NBA season\"\n2017–18 NBA season The 2017–18 NBA season was the 72nd season of the National Basketball Association (NBA). The regular season began on October 17, 2017, earlier than previous seasons to reduce the number of \"\"back-to-back\"\" games teams were scheduled to play, with the 2017 Eastern Conference champion (and Finals runner–up) Cleveland Cavaliers hosting a game against the Boston Celtics at Quicken Loans Arena in Cleveland, Ohio. The 2018 NBA All-Star Game was played on February 18, 2018, at the Staples Center in Los Angeles, California. LeBron James of the Cleveland Cavaliers was named the All-Star Game Most Valuable Player. The", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 14 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14860720", "chunk_text": "\"Kemba Walker\"\nthe Hornets record the sixth-largest win in NBA history. On March 28, he scored 21 points in a 118–105 loss to the Cleveland Cavaliers, surpassing Dell Curry (9,839 points) to become the franchise's career scoring leader. Walker also established a new team record with his 44th consecutive made free throw. That free throw also brought his career total to 1,999, which broke Gerald Wallace's franchise record of 1,998. On October 17, 2018, Walker scored 41 points in a 113–112 loss to the Milwaukee Bucks, setting a franchise record for points scored in a season opener. It was his 10th 40-point", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 15 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17067038", "chunk_text": "\"Golden State Warriors\"\n29, 2016; the previous record of 44 was held by the 1995–96 Chicago Bulls team led by Michael Jordan. On April 13, 2016, Golden State set the NBA record for most wins in a single season. The team finished the season with a record of 73–9. On May 10, 2016, Stephen Curry was named the NBA's Most Valuable Player (MVP) for the second straight season. Curry is the 11th player to win back-to-back MVP honors and became the first player in NBA history to win the MVP award by unanimous vote, winning all 131 first-place votes. Stephen Curry, Draymond Green", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 16 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9134303", "chunk_text": "\"Comeback (sports)\"\n3-0 First Round series lead over the Indiana Pacers and further fuel what would become a historic 10-game playoff win-streak. The 26-point comeback tied the largest ever in NBA post-season history (along with the 2012 Clippers against the Memphis Grizzlies), with LeBron James scoring 41 points and a triple-double in another career night performance. 25 points - Golden State Warriors vs. San Antonio Spurs (May 14, 2017) The Golden State Warriors came back from a 25 point deficit, led by Steph Curry's 40 points and Kevin Durant's 34 points. Curry led the team with 7 made threes and 14 made", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 17 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5538504", "chunk_text": "\"DeAndre Jordan\"\n113–102 loss to the Boston Celtics, Jordan tied Randy Smith (715) for most games played in team history. Two days later, in a 109–100 win over the Memphis Grizzlies, Jordan played his 716th game as a Clipper, surpassing Smith's record. On February 14, 2018, Jordan scored a career-high 30 points to go with 13 rebounds and four steals in a 129–119 win over the Celtics. On March 9, 2018, he had 20 points and 23 rebounds in a 116–102 win over the Cleveland Cavaliers. Jordan averaged 17.1 rebounds in March 2018, just shy of his career high of 17.3 set", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 18 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3672635", "chunk_text": "\"NBA Finals\"\nseason, while the Warriors largely remained intact. Neither Cleveland nor Golden State earned the top playoff seed in the 2017-18 season. Both teams fell to 3-2 deficits in their respective Conference Finals, before both winning game 7s to ensure the rematch for a fourth consecutive Finals in 2018. LeBron James appeared in his eighth consecutive NBA Finals since 2011, four each with the Heat and the Cavaliers. The Warriors went on to sweep the Cavaliers in four games, and Durant was again named Finals MVP. The statistics below refer to series wins and losses, not individual games won and lost.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 19 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3405754", "chunk_text": "\"50 Greatest Players in NBA History\"\nof the print and broadcast media who regularly cover the NBA. Teams were chosen from among all single-season individual teams. Each team won the NBA championship, and they combined to average 66 wins per season. The 1995–96 Chicago Bulls had, at the moment, the best single-season record in NBA history with 72 wins. Six out of the thirty NBA franchises (twenty-nine franchises at the time of announcement) had a team named to the list; the Boston Celtics, the Chicago Bulls, the Los Angeles Lakers and the Philadelphia 76ers had two teams selected. Six players were on the roster of two", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 20 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16611833", "chunk_text": "\"Player efficiency rating\"\nthis season. Hollinger has set up PER so that the league average, every season, is 15.00, which produces sort of a handy reference guide: Only 21 times has a player posted a season efficiency rating over 30.0 (with more than 15 games played in that season), with the highest score being 31.82 (Wilt Chamberlain). Michael Jordan and LeBron James lead with four 30+ seasons, with Shaquille O'Neal and Wilt Chamberlain having accomplished three each, and David Robinson, Dwyane Wade, Chris Paul, Tracy McGrady, Anthony Davis, Stephen Curry and Russell Westbrook having accomplished one each. The 2008–2009 season was unique in", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 21 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9088407", "chunk_text": "\"2016 NBA Playoffs\"\nmatched the 2012 San Antonio Spurs, though the 1989 and 2001 Los Angeles Lakers had won their first eleven games en route to sweeping the first three rounds of the playoffs. Cleveland wound up repeating this feat the next year, when they swept the conference opening round, semifinal round, and winning the first 2 conference final games. However, this feat would be surpassed by the 2017 Golden State Warriors, who won 15 straight games. Within each conference, the eight teams with the most wins qualify for the playoffs. The seedings are based on each team's record. Each conference's bracket is", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 22 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14232256", "chunk_text": "\"Dirk Nowitzki\"\nthe New Orleans Pelicans, Nowitzki scored a season-high 23 points and passed Elvin Hayes for eighth all-time in field goals with 10,980. On March 17, 2018, in a 114–106 loss to the Brooklyn Nets, Nowitzki played in his 1,463rd game, moving past Kevin Garnett into fifth place in the NBA career list. Five days later, in a 119–112 loss to the Utah Jazz, Nowitzki passed Garnett for third place in minutes played in NBA history. Nowitzki's 25 minutes increased his career total to 50,437. On March 30, 2018, in a 93–92 loss to the Timberwolves, Nowitzki set an NBA record", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 23 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18788573", "chunk_text": "\"History of the Golden State Warriors\"\ntheir 69th game of the season by defeating the Portland Trail Blazers at home, and became the fourth team in NBA history to reach 69 wins in a single season, joining the 1971–72 Los Angeles Lakers, 1995–96 Chicago Bulls and 1996–97 Chicago Bulls. On April 13, 2016, Golden State set the record for most wins in a single season, beating Memphis, and finishing 73–9. On May 10, 2016, Stephen Curry was named the NBA Most Valuable Player for the second straight season. Curry is the 11th player to win back-to-back MVP honors and became the first player in NBA history", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 24 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20569490", "chunk_text": "\"Dwane Casey\"\nsix games. On June 7, he agreed with the Raptors to a contract extension. On January 28, 2018, Casey became the first coach in Raptors' history to be selected for the NBA All-Star Game. On February 11, 2018, He celebrated his 300th win as a coach for the Raptors. Casey's Raptors set franchise records for wins and points in the regular season as they finished first in the Eastern Conference. In the playoffs, the Raptors defeated the Washington Wizards in six games and were then swept in four games by the Cleveland Cavaliers led by LeBron James. On May 11,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 25 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10086169", "chunk_text": "\"NBA Finals\"\nstarting a regular season game that season. During the 2015–16 season, the Warriors broke the record for most wins in a season with a record of 73–9 and Curry won his second straight MVP award, as well as becoming the first unanimous MVP in history and shattering his own record for three-pointers made in a single season by over one hundred in the process. The Warriors fell to a 3-1 deficit in the Western Conference Finals against a Kevin Durant-led Oklahoma City Thunder team, but won three straight elimination games to take the series and advance to a second straight", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 26 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18008199", "chunk_text": "\"Bradley Beal\"\nthe Cleveland Cavaliers. On February 24, 2017, he scored 40 points in a 120–112 loss to the Philadelphia 76ers, recording his fourth 40-point game of the season. On March 29, 2017, he scored 27 points in a 133–124 loss to the Los Angeles Clippers. During the game, Beal surpassed Gilbert Arenas for the franchise single-season three-point record. He made five against the Clippers to finish with 209 by the end of the game—Arenas had 205 in 2004–05 and 2006–07. Beal joined Kevin Durant and Vince Carter as the only three players in NBA history, 23 years old or younger, to", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 27 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13404880", "chunk_text": "\"Kevin Love\"\nBoston Celtics, helping the Cavaliers go 5–0 for the first time since 1976–77 when they started 8–0. On November 23, he scored 40 points, including an NBA-record 34 in the first quarter, to help the Cavaliers defeat the Portland Trail Blazers 137–125. His 34 first-quarter points were the second most all-time in a quarter; Klay Thompson of the Golden State Warriors set the record at 37 in the third quarter on January 23, 2015. Five days later, he was named Eastern Conference Player of the Week for games played Monday, November 21 through Sunday, November 27. Love led the Cavaliers", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 28 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "672334", "chunk_text": "\"Kyrie Irving\"\nWith the win over Atlanta, the Celtics improved to 9–2 with nine straight wins, setting their longest winning streak in seven years. On November 20, 2017, he scored 10 of his season-high 47 points in overtime as the Celtics rallied from a double-digit deficit to beat the Dallas Mavericks 110–102, extending their winning streak to 16 games. The streak ended at 16 games with a loss to the Miami Heat two days later. On January 21, 2018, he scored 40 points in a 103–95 loss to the Orlando Magic. The Celtics had accumulated a 34–10 record by mid-January, but their", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 29 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13382521", "chunk_text": "\"2017 NBA Finals\"\nrecord of , while Cleveland finished the regular season with a record. The Warriors entered the 2017 Finals after becoming the first team in NBA playoff history to start , while the Cavaliers entered the 2017 Finals with a record during the first three rounds of the postseason. The Warriors' start in the playoffs is the most consecutive postseason wins in NBA history and their record is the best winning percentage () in NBA Playoff history. This was the Golden State Warriors' third consecutive trip to the NBA Finals and ninth appearance overall, having come short of back-to-back titles in", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 30 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13382500", "chunk_text": "\"2017 NBA Playoffs\"\ncloser, but the Warriors still came out victors, going up 3–0 bringing them to 15–0 in the playoffs, the best ever start in NBA playoff history. The Cavs countered beating the Warriors 137–116 in Game four, with 86 points in the first half, setting an NBA Finals' record. On June twelfth, the Warriors bounced back and won game five at home 129-120, clinching the organization's fifth championship. Golden State's 16–1 record is an NBA playoff record since 03' for least games attempted to achieve an NBA championship. The title was all-star forward Kevin Durant's first and all-stars Stephen Curry's, Klay", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 31 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17574899", "chunk_text": "\"National Basketball Association Christmas games\"\nO'Neal for the game. In 2018, with the LeBron James-led Los Angeles Lakers facing the Steph Curry and Kevin Durant-led Golden State Warriors season being the top-ranked Christmas Day matchup in 2018, the NBA will simulcast that matchup on ESPN and ABC. Several fans, players, coaches, and members of the news media support the tradition of Christmas games. For players and coaches, the standard public statement is that a Christmas game is an honor, as it is not only a chance to play on national television, but also a reward for having a great team and great players. Before the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 32 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13268589", "chunk_text": "\"2012–13 NBA season\"\nfirst time since 2008, the NBA did not schedule any Thanksgiving games. The NBA's annual Christmas games featured, in chronological order, the Boston Celtics at the Brooklyn Nets, the New York Knicks at the Los Angeles Lakers, the Oklahoma City Thunder at the Miami Heat, the Houston Rockets at the Chicago Bulls, and the Denver Nuggets at the Los Angeles Clippers (thus the Staples Center was in the rare situation of hosting two NBA games on the same day). A regular season game took place at the O2 Arena in London, United Kingdom between the Detroit Pistons and the New", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 33 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12509130", "chunk_text": "\"2017–18 Charlotte Hornets season\"\n2017–18 Charlotte Hornets season The 2017–18 Charlotte Hornets season was the 28th season of the franchise in the National Basketball Association (NBA) and the fifth season under head coach Steve Clifford. It was also the last season where Rich Cho is the general manager for the Hornets and the last where Steve Clifford is the head coach, as well as Mitch Kupchak's first year with Charlotte. On March 28, 2018 against the Cleveland Cavaliers, Kemba Walker surpassed Dell Curry to become the franchise's all-time leader in points. The Hornets equaled their record from last season and went on to miss", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 34 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6107504", "chunk_text": "\"2018 NBA Playoffs\"\n2018 NBA Playoffs The 2018 NBA Playoffs was the postseason tournament of the National Basketball Association's 2017–18 season. The playoffs began on April 14, 2018 and ended on June 8 at the conclusion of the 2018 NBA Finals. Within each conference, the eight teams with the most wins qualify for the playoffs. The seedings are based on each team's record. Each conference's bracket is fixed; there is no reseeding. All rounds are best-of-seven series; the team that has four wins advances to the next round. All rounds, including the NBA Finals, are in a 2–2–1–1–1 format. Home court advantage in", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 35 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7385303", "chunk_text": "\"2017–18 NBA season\"\nregular season ended on April 11, 2018. The playoffs began on April 14, 2018 and ended on June 8 with the Golden State Warriors defeating the Cleveland Cavaliers in the 2018 NBA Finals. Free agency negotiations began on July 1. Players began signing on July 6, after the July moratorium ended. For the first time since the inauguration of the BAA, there would be no coaching changes going from the previous season to entering the regular season. In fact, the 536 days from Dave Joerger being fired as coach of the Memphis Grizzlies to the day the Phoenix Suns fired", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 36 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2405546", "chunk_text": "\"2017–18 NBA season\"\nAugust 9, 2017, the NBA announced that the Brooklyn Nets would play two regular season games at Mexico City Arena in Mexico City, Mexico. On December 7, 2017, the Nets played against the Oklahoma City Thunder and on December 9, 2017, they matched up against the Miami Heat. The Nets prevailed 100–95 over the Thunder in their first game, but lost to the Heat 101–89 in their second game. On August 10, 2017, the NBA announced that the Philadelphia 76ers would play the Boston Celtics at The O2 Arena in London, United Kingdom on January 11, 2018. The Celtics won", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 37 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11073684", "chunk_text": "\"Jeff Bzdelik\"\non the court to get stops. Through the whole course of the year, we've been on players to understand we need to have the right habits. When you talk about championship cultures, teammates don't just play with each other, they play for each other. They refuse to let each other down. That's the culture we're trying to create defensively.\"\" In 2017-18, the Rockets won a franchise record 65 games, posting the NBA's best record for the first time. Bzdelik coached under D'Antoni in the 2018 NBA All-Star Game in Los Angeles. The Rockets lost the Conference Finals to the eventual", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 38 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7272918", "chunk_text": "\"Anthony Davis\"\nMinnesota on November 23. On February 19, 2017, playing on his team's home floor for the NBA All-Star Game, Davis notched 52 points and 10 rebounds, breaking Wilt Chamberlain's previous All-Star record high of 42 points, and also won the game's Most Valuable Player award. On March 11, 2017, Davis scored 46 points and grabbed 21 rebounds in a 125–122 overtime win over the Charlotte Hornets. On March 31, 2017, Davis had 19 points, 12 rebounds and five blocks in a 117–89 win over the Sacramento Kings. During the game, Davis became the first player in Pelicans history to reach", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 39 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15477412", "chunk_text": "\"2017–18 Golden State Warriors season\"\nthe Pacific Division title and Western Conference Championship for the fourth consecutive season. In the playoffs, the Warriors defeated the San Antonio Spurs in the First Round 4–1 and the New Orleans Pelicans 4–1 in the Semifinals. They beat the top-seeded Houston Rockets 4–3 in the Western Conference Finals. The Warriors finished second in the Western Conference with a record of , their fifth most wins in franchise history. Golden State set the NBA record of 16 consecutive home wins in the playoffs, surpassing the 1990–91 Chicago Bulls. Stephen Curry set the NBA record for three-pointers made in an NBA", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 40 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15318356", "chunk_text": "\"Minute (basketball)\"\nMinute (basketball) A minute is a unit of time in a basketball game. There are forty-eight minutes in each NBA basketball game. For players, the total number of minutes played in a season—and the average number of minutes played per game—are both tracked as statistics. Kareem Abdul-Jabbar is the all-time leader in minutes played with 57,446. Karl Malone (54,852), Jason Kidd (50,111), Kevin Garnett (50,052), and Elvin Hayes (50,000) are the only other players with 50,000 or more minutes played in a career. Wilt Chamberlain holds the record for most minutes played in the NBA in one season with 3,882,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 41 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11634958", "chunk_text": "\"2018 NBA All-Star Game\"\nin box scores. The All-Star Game starters were announced on January 18, 2018. Kyrie Irving of the Boston Celtics and DeMar DeRozan of the Toronto Raptors were named the backcourt starters in the East, earning their fifth and fourth all-star appearances, respectively. LeBron James was named a starter to his 14th career all-star game, breaking Dirk Nowitzki's record for most selections among active players. Joining James in the East frontcourt was Joel Embiid of the Philadelphia 76ers, his first selection, and Giannis Antetokounmpo of the Milwaukee Bucks, his second selection. Stephen Curry of the Golden State Warriors and James Harden", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 42 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10354648", "chunk_text": "\"2007–08 NBA season\"\nspot, and the 8th-seeded team was a mere 6.5 games behind the 1st seed. Additionally, the quality of the teams ensured that the Golden State Warriors finished with the highest winning percentage of any non-playoff team in NBA history since the switch to the eight-team playoff format, beating out the 2000–01 Houston Rockets. The all-time record is held by the 1971–72 Phoenix Suns (49–33), which was during the four-team playoff era. Notes Teams in bold advanced to the next round. The numbers to the left of each team indicate the team's seeding in its conference, and the numbers to the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 43 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9134304", "chunk_text": "\"Comeback (sports)\"\nfield goals. Precipitating the comeback was the injury of the Spurs' first option, Kawhi Leonard. The Warriors won 113-111. 25 points - Oklahoma City Thunder vs. Utah Jazz (April 25, 2018) The Oklahoma City Thunder erased a 25 point comeback in the third quarter of the NBA first round against the Utah Jazz. Russell Westbrook's 45 points and Paul George's 34 points saved the Thunder from elimination to force a game 6. The ability for a comeback to occur in ice hockey is limited by the game clock. In National Hockey League series play, the 2010 Philadelphia Flyers became the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 44 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8007344", "chunk_text": "\"Andrew Wiggins\"\nthe Timberwolves. On October 22, he scored 27 points and hit the game-winning, buzzer-beating three-pointer to lift the Timberwolves to a 115–113 win over the Oklahoma City Thunder. On January 20, 2018, he scored 22 of his season-high 29 points in the first half of the Timberwolves' 115–109 win over the Toronto Raptors. Two days later, he set a new season high with 40 points in a 126–118 win over the Los Angeles Clippers. On February 7, 2018, in a 140–138 overtime loss to the Cleveland Cavaliers, Wiggins reached 6,000 career points. At 22 years, 349 days, he became the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 45 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8747770", "chunk_text": "\"2017 NBA Finals\"\nthe 2016 NBA Finals by losing in seven games after having a 3–1 lead. With the acquisition of free agent Kevin Durant in the offseason, the Warriors were hailed as a \"\"Superteam\"\" by the media and fans, forming a new All-Star \"\"Big Four\"\" of Durant, Stephen Curry, Klay Thompson and Draymond Green. The team equaled their 2014–15 regular-season record of 67–15, their second most wins in franchise history. They won the Pacific Division title and Western Conference Championship for the third consecutive season. The club became the fastest team in NBA history to clinch a playoff berth, achieving the feat", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 46 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20868328", "chunk_text": "\"2015 NBA Finals\"\nKerr was the GM. In Kerr's first year, the Warriors finished with the best regular season record at 67–15, including an incredible 39–2 in home games. Kerr became the winningest rookie head coach in NBA history, passing Tom Thibodeau and his 62 wins with the Chicago Bulls in 2010–11. Point guard Stephen Curry set the NBA record for three-pointers made in a regular season with 286, eclipsing his own record set in 2012–13. Curry also won the NBA Most Valuable Player Award for the 2014–15 season. He and fellow guard Klay Thompson, known as the Splash Brothers, finished first and", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 47 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9098242", "chunk_text": "\"2016 NBA All-Star Game\"\nCanada, while TNT and TBS televised the game nationally in the United States. This was also the 18th and final All-Star Game in which Kobe Bryant participated, as a result of his retirement after the 2015–16 season. Although the Golden State Warriors had the best record in the Western Conference, no coach may coach two consecutive All-Star Games, therefore making Steve Kerr ineligible. San Antonio Spurs head coach Gregg Popovich served as the Western Conference coach due to the Spurs having the second-best record in the West. The Cleveland Cavaliers had the best record in the Eastern Conference, but on", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 48 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11832503", "chunk_text": "\"Toni Kukoč\"\nin scoring (behind Jordan and Pippen) and was rewarded for his efforts with the NBA Sixth Man of the Year Award. He also assisted the Bulls to a 25-game turnaround and the best record in league history at the time at 72–10 (later surpassed by the 2015–16 Golden State Warriors), as well as the fourth championship in team history. Kukoč was the 4th and is currently the last player to win the NBA Sixth Man of the Year Award and the NBA title in the same year having joined Kevin McHale, Bill Walton, and Bobby Jones in accomplishing that feat.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 49 } ]
test_3411	what areas of africa were involved in colonization?	n/a	[ "90 percent of the continent" ]	[]	n/a	n/a	n/a	[]	[ { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12985124", "chunk_text": "\"Colonisation of Africa\"\nColonisation of Africa The history of external colonisation of Africa can be divided into two stages: Classical antiquity and European colonialism. In popular parlance, discussions of colonialism in Africa usually focus on the European conquests that resulted in the Scramble for Africa after the Berlin Conference in the 19th century. Settlements established by Europeans while incorporated abjection of natives, also brought with it governing and academic institutions as well as agricultural and technological innovations that offset the extractive institutions commonly attributed to colonialism by Western powers. In nearly all African countries today, the language used in government and media is", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 0 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "286319", "chunk_text": "\"Colonisation of Africa\"\nacademic theoretical critiques could be brought against her work. Colonisation of Africa The history of external colonisation of Africa can be divided into two stages: Classical antiquity and European colonialism. In popular parlance, discussions of colonialism in Africa usually focus on the European conquests that resulted in the Scramble for Africa after the Berlin Conference in the 19th century. Settlements established by Europeans while incorporated abjection of natives, also brought with it governing and academic institutions as well as agricultural and technological innovations that offset the extractive institutions commonly attributed to colonialism by Western powers. In nearly all African countries", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 1 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20114737", "chunk_text": "\"Scramble for Africa\"\nScramble for Africa The Scramble for Africa was the occupation, division, and colonization of African territory by European powers during the period of New Imperialism, between 1881 and 1914. It is also called the Partition of Africa and by some the Conquest of Africa. In 1870, only 10 percent of Africa was under formal European control; by 1914 it had increased to almost 90 percent of the continent, with only Ethiopia (Abyssinia) and Liberia still being independent. There were multiple motivations including the quest for national prestige, tensions between pairs of European powers, religious missionary zeal and internal African native", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 2 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2983099", "chunk_text": "\"German colonization of Africa\"\nGerman colonization of Africa The German colonization of Africa took place during two distinct periods. In the 1680s, the Margraviate of Brandenburg, then leading the broader realm of Brandenburg-Prussia, pursued limited imperial efforts in West Africa. The Brandenburg African Company was chartered in 1682, and established two small settlements on the Gold Coast of what is today Ghana. Five years later, a treaty with the king of Arguin in Mauritania established a protectorate over that island, and Brandenburg occupied an abandoned fort originally constructed there by Portugal. Brandenburg — after 1701, the Kingdom of Prussia — pursued these colonial efforts", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 3 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17880166", "chunk_text": "\"First wave of European colonization\"\nFirst wave of European colonization The first European colonization wave took place from the early 15th century (Portuguese conquest of Ceuta in 1415) until the early 19th-century (French invasion of Algeria in 1830), and primarily involved the European colonization of the Americas, though it also included the establishment of European colonies in India and in Maritime Southeast Asia. During this period, European interests in Africa primarily focused on the establishment of trading posts there, particularly for the African slave trade. The time period in which much of the first wave of European colonization (and other exploratory ventures) occurred is often", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 4 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17521858", "chunk_text": "\"Scramble for Africa\"\nfields, invested in industry related infrastructure development and acquired continental oil concessions throughout Africa. Scramble for Africa The Scramble for Africa was the occupation, division, and colonization of African territory by European powers during the period of New Imperialism, between 1881 and 1914. It is also called the Partition of Africa and by some the Conquest of Africa. In 1870, only 10 percent of Africa was under formal European control; by 1914 it had increased to almost 90 percent of the continent, with only Ethiopia (Abyssinia) and Liberia still being independent. There were multiple motivations including the quest for national", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 5 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3382071", "chunk_text": "\"Colonization of the Congo\"\nColonization of the Congo Colonization of the Congo refers to the European colonization of the Congo region of tropical Africa. It was the last part of the continent to be colonized. By the end of the 19th century, the Congo Basin had been carved up by European colonial powers, into the Congo free state, the French Congo and the Portuguese Congo. One by one the other great mysteries had been explored: Though the Congo had been one of the first to be attempted, it remained a mystery. Since the 15th century, European explorers had sailed into the broad Congo estuary,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 6 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18100092", "chunk_text": "\"German colonization of Africa\"\na year; those in Cameroon, Namibia, Tanzania and Togo quickly grew into successful colonies. Together these four territories constituted Germany's African presence in the age of New Imperialism. They were invaded and largely occupied by the colonial forces of the Allied Powers during World War I, and in 1919 were transferred from German control by the League of Nations and divided between Belgium, France, Portugal, South Africa and the United Kingdom. The six principal colonies of German Africa, along with native kingdoms and polities, were the legal precedents for the modern states of Burundi, Cameroon, Namibia, Rwanda, Tanzania and Togo.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 7 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9945629", "chunk_text": "\"Colonisation of Africa\"\nof Africa. Gothic Vandals briefly established a kingdom there in the 5th century, which shortly thereafter fell to the Romans again, this time the Byzantines. The whole of Roman/Byzantine North Africa eventually fell to the Arabs in the 7th century. Arabs introduced the Arabic language and Islam in the early Medieval period, while the Malay people introduced varieties of their language to Madagascar even earlier. Early European expeditions by the Portuguese concentrated on colonising previously uninhabited islands such as the Cape Verde Islands and São Tomé Island, or establishing coastal forts as a base for trade. Established empires, notably Britain,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 8 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20459567", "chunk_text": "\"West Africa\"\nAfricans enslaved in the Atlantic slave trade, most African Americans are likely to have mixed ancestry from different regions of western Africa. The history of West Africa can be divided into five major periods: first, its prehistory, in which the first human settlers arrived, developed agriculture, and made contact with peoples to the north; the second, the Iron Age empires that consolidated both intra-Africa, and extra-Africa trade, and developed centralized states; third, major polities flourished, which would undergo an extensive history of contact with non-Africans; fourth, the colonial period, in which Great Britain and France controlled nearly the entire region;", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 9 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2200878", "chunk_text": "Africa\n19th century, European countries colonised almost all of Africa; most present states in Africa originated from a process of decolonisation in the 20th century. African nations cooperate through the establishment of the African Union, which is headquartered in Addis Ababa. \"\"Afri\"\" was a Latin name used to refer to the inhabitants of then-known northern Africa to the west of the Nile river, and in its widest sense referred to all lands south of the Mediterranean (Ancient Libya). This name seems to have originally referred to a native Libyan tribe, an ancestor of modern Berbers; see Terence for discussion. The name", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 10 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1736079", "chunk_text": "\"History of Africa\"\nDesert. From the late 15th century, Europeans joined the slave trade (some 850 years later). One could say the Portuguese was part of it all in partnership with the European. That includes the triangular trade, with the Portuguese initially acquiring slaves through trade and later by force as part of the Atlantic slave trade. They transported enslaved West, Central, and Southern Africans overseas. Subsequently, European colonization of Africa developed rapidly from around 10% (1870) to over 90% (1914) in the Scramble for Africa (1881-1914). However following struggles for independence in many parts of the continent, as well as a weakened", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 11 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6848990", "chunk_text": "\"Colonisation of Africa\"\nafter World War II. Growing independence movements, indigenous political parties and trade unions coupled with pressure from within the imperialist powers and from the United States ensured the decolonisation of the majority of the continent by 1980. While some areas, in particular, South Africa, & Namibia retain a large population of European descent, only the Spanish enclaves of Ceuta and Melilla and the islands of Réunion, the Canary Islands, and Madeira remain under European control, the latter two of which were never part of any African polity and have an overwhelmingly European population. The theory of colonialism addresses the problems", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 12 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6371596", "chunk_text": "Colonization\nalso established colonies with the intent of regulating and expanding trade throughout the Mediterranean and Middle East. Another period of colonization in ancient times was during the Roman Empire. The Roman Empire conquered large parts of Western Europe, North Africa and West Asia. In North Africa and West Asia, the Romans often conquered what they regarded as 'civilized' peoples. As they moved north into Europe, they mostly encountered rural peoples/tribes with very little in the way of cities. In these areas, waves of Roman colonization often followed the conquest of the areas. Many of the current cities throughout Europe began", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 13 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15790798", "chunk_text": "\"History of Africa\"\npower, or as part of a long term development plan. In other areas, Europeans were encouraged to settle, creating settler states in which a European minority dominated. Settlers only came to a few colonies in sufficient numbers to have a strong impact. British settler colonies included British East Africa (now Kenya), Northern and Southern Rhodesia, (Zambia and Zimbabwe, respectively), and South Africa, which already had a significant population of European settlers, the Boers. France planned to settle Algeria and eventually incorporate it into the French state on an equal basis with the European provinces. Algeria's proximity across the Mediterranean allowed", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 14 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15790568", "chunk_text": "\"History of Africa\"\nHistory of Africa The history of Africa begins with the emergence of hominids, archaic humans and – at least 200,000 years ago – anatomically modern humans (\"\"Homo sapiens\"\"), in East Africa, and continues unbroken into the present as a patchwork of diverse and politically developing nation states. The earliest known recorded history arose in the Kingdom of Kush, and later in Ancient Egypt, the Sahel, the Maghreb and the Horn of Africa. Following the desertification of the Sahara, North African history became entwined with the Middle East and Southern Europe while the Bantu expansion swept from modern day Cameroon (West", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 15 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4056391", "chunk_text": "\"European exploration of Africa\"\nEuropean exploration of Africa The geography of North Africa has been reasonably well known among Europeans since classical antiquity in Greco-Roman geography. Northwest Africa (the Maghreb) was known as either \"\"Libya\"\" or \"\"Africa\"\", while Egypt was considered part of Asia. European exploration of Sub-Saharan Africa begins with the Age of Discovery in the 15th century, pioneered by Portugal under Henry the Navigator. The Cape of Good Hope was first reached by Bartolomeu Dias on 12 March 1488, opening the important sea route to India and the Far East, but European exploration of Africa itself remained very limited during the 16th", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 16 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3659018", "chunk_text": "Colonization\nrefers mostly to Western European countries' colonization of lands mainly in the Americas, Africa, Asia and Oceania; The main European countries active in this form of colonization included Spain, Portugal, France, the Kingdom of England (later Great Britain), the Netherlands, and the Kingdom of Prussia (now Germany), and, beginning in the 18th century, the United States. Most of these countries had a period of almost complete power in world trade at some stage in the period from roughly 1500 to 1900. Beginning in the late 19th century, Imperial Japan also engaged in settler colonization, most notably in Hokkaido and Korea.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 17 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12985125", "chunk_text": "\"Colonisation of Africa\"\na relic inherited from one of these waves of colonization. North Africa experienced colonization from Europe and Western Asia in the early historical period, particularly Greeks and Phoenicians. Under Egypt's Pharaoh Amasis (570–526 BC) a Greek mercantile colony was established at Naucratis, some 50 miles from the later Alexandria. Greeks also colonized Cyrenaica around the same time. There was also an attempt in 513 BC to establish a Greek colony between Cyrene and Carthage, which resulted in the combined local and Carthaginian expulsion two years later of the Greek colonists. Alexander the Great (356–323 BC) founded Alexandria during his conquest", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 18 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1736078", "chunk_text": "\"History of Africa\"\nCayor, Kingdom of Zimbabwe, Kingdom of Kongo, Empire of Kaabu, Kingdom of Ile Ife, Ancient Carthage, Numidia, Mauretania, and the Aksumite Empire. At its peak, prior to European colonialism, it is estimated that Africa had up to 10,000 different states and autonomous groups with distinct languages and customs.<ref name=\"\"http://newswatch.nationalgeographic.com/2013/10/31/getting-to-know-africa-50-facts/\"\">Africa Information</ref> From the mid-7th century, the Arab slave trade saw Muslim Arabs enslave Africans. Following an armistice between the Rashidun Caliphate and the Kingdom of Makuria after the Second Battle of Dongola in 652 AD, they were transported, along with Asians and Europeans, across the Red Sea, Indian Ocean, and Sahara", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 19 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12985126", "chunk_text": "\"Colonisation of Africa\"\nof Egypt. This became one of the major cities of Hellenistic and Roman times, a trading and cultural centre as well as a military headquarters and communications hub. Phoenicians established a number of colonies along the coast of North Africa. Some of these were founded relatively early. Utica, for example, was founded c. 1100 BC. Carthage, which means New City, has a traditional foundation date of 814 BC. It was established in what is now Tunisia and became a major power in the Mediterranean by the 4th century BC. The Carthaginians themselves sent out expeditions to explore and establish colonies", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 20 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5554258", "chunk_text": "\"European exploration of Africa\"\nthe colony of Dutch Loango-Angola, the Portuguese managed to expel the Dutch. In Dutch Mauritius the colonization started in 1638 and ended in 1710, with a brief interruption between 1658 and 1666. Numerous governors were appointed, but continuous hardships such as cyclones, droughts, pest infestations, lack of food and illnesses finally took their toll, and the island was definitively abandoned in 1710. The Dutch left a lasting impact in South Africa, a region ignored by Portugal that the Dutch eventually decided to use as station in their route to East Asia. Jan van Riebeeck founded Cape Town in 1652, starting", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 21 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5554244", "chunk_text": "\"European exploration of Africa\"\ncontinued as far as Guinea or even Gabon. However, Robin Law notes that some commentators have argued that Hanno exploration have taken him no further than southern Morocco. \"\"Africa\"\" is named for the Afri people who settled in the area of current-day Tunisia. The Roman province of Africa spanned the Mediterranean coast of what is now Libya, Tunisia and Algeria. The parts of North Africa north of the Sahara were well known in antiquity. Prior to the 2nd century BC, however, Greek geographers were unaware that the land mass then known as Libya expanded south of the Sahara, assuming that", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 22 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5554246", "chunk_text": "\"European exploration of Africa\"\n1st century AD, appears to extend geographical knowledge further south, to Southeast Africa. Ptolemy's world map of the 2nd century is well aware that the African continent extents significantly further south than the Horn of Africa, but has no geographic detail south of the equator (it is unclear whether it is aware of the Gulf of Guinea) In the medieval period, the exploration of the interior of the Sahara and the Sahel as well as along the Swahili coast as far as Mozambique was the project of Muslim conquests and slave trade. It was at Mozambique that the Arab \"\"clockwise\"\"", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 23 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4056392", "chunk_text": "\"European exploration of Africa\"\nand 17th centuries. The European powers were content to establish trading posts along the coast while they were actively exploring and colonizing the New World. Exploration of the interior of Africa was thus mostly left to the Arab slave traders, who in tandem with the Muslim conquest of the Sudan established far-reaching networks and supported the economy of a number of Sahelian kingdoms during the 15th to 18th centuries. At the beginning of the 19th century, European knowledge of geography of the interior of Sub-Saharan Africa was still rather limited. Expeditions exploring Southern Africa were made during the 1830s and", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 24 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15790797", "chunk_text": "\"History of Africa\"\nnations met at the Berlin West Africa Conference to discuss the partitioning of Africa. It was agreed that European claims to parts of Africa would only be recognised if Europeans provided effective occupation. In a series of treaties in 1890–1891, colonial boundaries were completely drawn. All of Sub-Saharan Africa was claimed by European powers, except for Ethiopia (Abyssinia) and Liberia. The European powers set up a variety of different administrations in Africa, reflecting different ambitions and degrees of power. In some areas, such as parts of British West Africa, colonial control was tenuous and intended for simple economic extraction, strategic", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 25 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11765958", "chunk_text": "\"Slavery in Africa\"\ncasus belli for the European conquest and colonization of much of the African continent. It was the central theme of the Brussels Anti-Slavery Conference 1889-90. In the late 19th century, the Scramble for Africa saw the continent rapidly divided between Imperialistic European powers, and an early but secondary focus of all colonial regimes was the suppression of slavery and the slave trade. Following conquest and abolition by the French, over a million slaves in French West Africa fled from their masters to earlier homes between 1906 and 1911. In Madagascar over 500,000 slaves were freed following French abolition in 1896.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 26 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2983108", "chunk_text": "\"German colonization of Africa\"\nParts of contemporary Chad, Gabon, Ghana, Kenya, Mozambique, Nigeria, the Central African Republic and the Republic of the Congo were also under the control of German Africa at various points during its existence. German colonization of Africa The German colonization of Africa took place during two distinct periods. In the 1680s, the Margraviate of Brandenburg, then leading the broader realm of Brandenburg-Prussia, pursued limited imperial efforts in West Africa. The Brandenburg African Company was chartered in 1682, and established two small settlements on the Gold Coast of what is today Ghana. Five years later, a treaty with the king of", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 27 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14548133", "chunk_text": "\"Economic history of Africa\"\nimperial palace in Nanjing Yongle bearing a giraffe and other exotic gifts. The earliest European colonists settled in North Africa in ancient times. These colonists included Phoenicians and Greeks. Settlers from ancient Athens and other parts of Greece established themselves along the Mediterranean coast of North Africa. They were later followed by colonists of the Roman Empire. Rome's colonies \"\"served as a prototype\"\" for later European colonial movement into the continent. Portugal was the first European empire to penetrate deep into Sub-Saharan Africa to establish colonies. Portuguese prince Henry the Navigator advanced Portuguese exploration of Africa, driven by two desires:", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 28 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19216388", "chunk_text": "\"Cartography of Africa\"\nCartography of Africa The earliest cartographic depictions of Africa are found in early world maps. In classical antiquity, \"\"Africa\"\" (also \"\"Libya\"\") was assumed to cover the quarter of the globe south of the Mediterranean, an arrangement that was adhered to in medieval T and O maps. The only part of Africa well known in antiquity was the coast of North Africa, described in Greek periplus from the 6th century BC. Hellenistic era geographers defined Egypt as part of \"\"Asia\"\", taking the boundary of Asia and Egypt to lie at the \"\"Catabathmus Magnus\"\" (the escarpment of \"\"Akabah el-Kebir\"\" in western Egypt).", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 29 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8419988", "chunk_text": "Postcolonialism\nAfrica (1874–1914) proved to be the tail end of mercantilist colonialism of the European imperial powers, yet, for the Africans, the consequences were greater than elsewhere in the colonized non–Western world. To facilitate the colonization the European empires laid railroads where the rivers and the land proved impassable. The Imperial British railroad effort proved overambitious in the effort of traversing continental Africa, yet succeeded only in connecting colonial North Africa (Cairo) with the colonial south of Africa (Cape Town). Upon arriving to Africa, the Europeans encountered the native African civilizations of the Ashanti Empire, the Benin Empire, the Kingdom of", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 30 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11750871", "chunk_text": "\"Decolonisation of Africa\"\nDecolonisation of Africa The decolonization of Africa took place in the mid-to-late 1950s, very suddenly , with little preparation . There was widespread unrest and organised revolts in both Northern and sub-Saharan colonies, especially in French Algeria, Portuguese Angola, the Belgian Congo and British Kenya. The \"\"Scramble for Africa\"\" between 1870 and 1900 ended with almost all of Africa being controlled by European states. Racing to secure as much land as possible while avoiding conflict amongst themselves, the partition of Africa was confirmed in the Berlin Agreement of 1885, with little regard to local differences. By 1905, control of almost", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 31 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12131789", "chunk_text": "\"European exploration of Africa\"\nStanley, to complete the exploration of Africa by the 1870s. After this, the general geography of Africa was known, but it was left to further expeditions during the 1880s onward, notably those led by Oskar Lenz, to flesh more detail such as the continent's geological makeup. The Phoenicians explored North Africa, establishing a number of colonies, the most prominent of which was Carthage. Carthage itself conducted exploration of West Africa. The first circumnavigation of the African continent was probably made by Phoenician sailors, in an expedition commissioned by Egyptian pharaoh Necho II, in c. 600 BC and took three years.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 32 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5235011", "chunk_text": "\"History of colonialism\"\nimmigration of surplus populations. Africa was the target of the third wave of European colonialism, after that of the Americas and Asia. Many European statesmen and industrialists wanted to accelerate the Scramble for Africa, securing colonies before they strictly needed them. As a champion of Realpolitik, Bismarck disliked colonies and thought they were a waste of time, but his hand was forced by pressure from both the elites and the general population which considered the colonization a necessity for German prestige. German colonies in Togoland, Samoa, South-West Africa and New Guinea had corporate commercial roots, while the equivalent German-dominated areas", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 33 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10065910", "chunk_text": "\"Modern history\"\ncontrol across the African continent, competing with each other for Africa's land and resources. [[Great Britain]] controlled various colonial holdings in East Africa that spanned the length of the African continent from Egypt in the north to South Africa. The [[France\|French]] gained major ground in West Africa, and the [[Portugal\|Portuguese]] held colonies in southern Africa. [[Germany]], [[Italy]], and [[Spain]] established a small number of colonies at various points throughout the continent, which included German East Africa (Tanganyika) and German Southwest Africa for Germany, Eritrea and Libya for Italy, and the Canary Islands and Rio de Oro in northwestern Africa for", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 34 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "197931", "chunk_text": "\"African empires\"\nAfrican empires African empires is an umbrella term used in African studies to refer to a number of pre-colonial African kingdoms in Africa with multinational structures incorporating various populations and polities into a single entity, usually through conquest. Listed below are known African empires and their respective capital cities. The Sahelian kingdoms were a series of medieval empires centred on the sahel, the area of grasslands south of the Sahara. From the 15th century until the final Scramble for Africa in the late 19th century a number of empires were also established south of the Sahel, especially in West Africa.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 35 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8061185", "chunk_text": "\"History of West Africa\"\nHistory of West Africa The history of West Africa began with the first human settlements around 4,000 BCE. It has been commonly divided into its prehistory, the Iron Age in Africa, the major polities flourishing, the colonial period, and finally the post-independence era, in which the current nations were formed. West Africa is west of an imagined north-south axis lying close to 10° east longitude, bordered by the Atlantic Ocean and Sahara Desert. Colonial boundaries are reflected in the modern boundaries between contemporary West African states, cutting across ethnic and cultural lines, often dividing single ethnic groups between two or", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 36 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16460272", "chunk_text": "\"History of North Africa\"\nHistory of North Africa North Africa is a relatively thin strip of land between the Sahara desert and the Mediterranean, stretching from Moroccan Atlantic coast to Egypt. The region comprises seven countries or territories; Algeria, Egypt, Libya, Morocco, Tunisia, and Western Sahara. The history of the region is a mix of influences from many different cultures. The development of sea travel firmly brought the region into the Mediterranean world, especially during the classical period. In the 1st millennium AD, the Sahara became an equally important area for trade as the camel caravans brought goods and people from the south. The", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 37 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1736096", "chunk_text": "\"History of Africa\"\ninextricably linked to that of the Ancient Near East. This is particularly true of Ancient Egypt and Nubia. In the Horn of Africa the Kingdom of Aksum ruled modern-day Eritrea, northern Ethiopia and the coastal area of the western part of the Arabian Peninsula. The Ancient Egyptians established ties with the Land of Punt in 2,350 BC. Punt was a trade partner of Ancient Egypt and it is believed that it was located in modern-day Somalia, Djibouti or Eritrea. Phoenician cities such as Carthage were part of the Mediterranean Iron Age and classical antiquity. Sub-Saharan Africa developed more or less", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 38 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20114739", "chunk_text": "\"Scramble for Africa\"\ncoast, but seldom moved inland. In the middle decades of the 19th century, European explorers had mapped areas of East Africa and Central Africa. Even as late as the 1870s, European states still controlled only ten percent of the African continent, with all their territories located near the coast. The most important holdings were Angola and Mozambique, held by Portugal; the Cape Colony, held by the United Kingdom; and Algeria, held by France. By 1914, only Ethiopia and Liberia remained independent of European control. Technological advances facilitated European expansion overseas. Industrialisation brought about rapid advancements in transportation and communication, especially", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 39 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1540846", "chunk_text": "\"Scramble for Africa\"\nuninterrupted colonial empire from the Niger River to the Nile, thus controlling all trade to and from the Sahel region, by virtue of their existing control over the Caravan routes through the Sahara. The British, on the other hand, wanted to link their possessions in Southern Africa (modern South Africa, Botswana, Zimbabwe, Lesotho, Swaziland, and Zambia), with their territories in East Africa (modern Kenya), and these two areas with the Nile basin. The Sudan (which in those days included most of present-day Uganda) was the key to the fulfillment of these ambitions, especially since Egypt was already under British control.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 40 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6848983", "chunk_text": "\"Colonisation of Africa\"\nThis was indirect rule. France ruled from France, appointing chiefs individually without considering traditional criteria, but rather loyalty to France. France established two large colonial federations in Africa, French West Africa and French Equatorial Africa. France appointed officials, passed laws and had to approve any measures passed by colonial assemblies. Local groups in German East Africa resisted German enforced labour and taxation. The Germans were almost driven out of the area in 1888. A decade later the colony seemed conquered, though, \"\"It had been a long drawn-out struggle and inland administration centres were in reality little more than a series", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 41 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3543699", "chunk_text": "\"Classical African civilization\"\nClassical African civilization The terms African civilizations, also classical African civilizations, or African empires are terms that generally refer to the various pre-colonial African kingdoms. The civilizations usually include Egypt, Carthage, Axum, Numidia, and Nubia, but may also be extended to the prehistoric Land of Punt, and others, the Empire of Ashanti, Kingdom of Kongo, Empire of Mali, Kingdom of Zimbabwe, Songhai Empire, and the Empire of Ghana. Two civilizations once inhabited the lands encompassing the modern day Ethiopian state. The first kingdom known to have existed in Ethiopia was the kingdom of D'mt, with its capital at Yeha, where", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 42 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19414917", "chunk_text": "\"History of colonialism\"\nScotland with England and Wales), France, Portugal, and the Dutch turned their attention to the Old World, particularly South Africa, India and South East Asia, where coastal enclaves had already been established. The second industrial revolution, in the 19th century, led to what has been termed the era of New Imperialism, when the pace of colonization rapidly accelerated, the height of which was the Scramble for Africa, in which Belgium, Germany and Italy were also participants. There were conflicts between colonizing states and revolutions from colonized areas shaping areas of control and establishing independent nations. During the 20th century, the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 43 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5554259", "chunk_text": "\"European exploration of Africa\"\nthe European exploration and colonization of South Africa. Almost at the same time as the Dutch, other European powers attempted to create their own outposts for the African slave trade. As early as 1530, English merchant adventurers started trading in West Africa, coming into conflict with Portuguese troops. In 1581, Francis Drake reached the Cape of Good Hope. In 1663, the English built Fort James in Gambia. One year later, another English colonial expedition attempted to settle southern Madagascar, resulting in the death of most of the colonists. The English forts on the West African coast were eventually taken by", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 44 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16313124", "chunk_text": "\"French colonization of the Americas\"\nFrench colonization of the Americas The French colonization of the Americas began in the 16th century, and continued on into the following centuries as France established a colonial empire in the Western Hemisphere. France founded colonies in much of eastern North America, on a number of Caribbean islands, and in South America. Most colonies were developed to export products such as fish, rice sugar, and furs. As they colonized the New World, the French established forts and settlements that would become such cities as Quebec and Montreal in Canada; Detroit, Green Bay, St. Louis, Cape Girardeau, Mobile, Biloxi, Baton Rouge", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 45 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19885162", "chunk_text": "\"19th century\"\nin Southeast Asia, and in 1863 France annexes Cambodia. In Africa, European exploration and technology led to the colonization of almost the entire continent by 1898. New medicines such as quinine and more advanced firearms allowed European nations to conquer native populations. Motivations for the Scramble for Africa included national pride, desire for raw materials, and Christian missionary activity. Britain seized control of Egypt to ensure control of the Suez Canal. France, Belgium, Portugal, and Germany also had substantial colonies. The Berlin Conference of 1884-1885 attempted to reach agreement on colonial borders in Africa, but disputes continued, both amongst European", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 46 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12131817", "chunk_text": "\"European exploration of Africa\"\nAfrica in Europe. In the mid-19th century, Protestant missions were carrying on active missionary work on the Guinea coast, in South Africa and in the Zanzibar dominions. Missionaries visited little-known regions and peoples, and in many instances became explorers and pioneers of trade and empire. David Livingstone, a Scottish missionary, had been engaged since 1840 in work north of the Orange River. In 1849, Livingstone crossed the Kalahari Desert from south to north and reached Lake Ngami. Between 1851 and 1856, he traversed the continent from west to east, discovering the great waterways of the upper Zambezi River. In November", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 47 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1476933", "chunk_text": "\"European colonialism\"\ncolonisation with the conquest of Ceuta,Morocco in 1415, and the conquest and discovery of other African territories and islands, this would also start the movement known as the Age of Discoveries. The Ottomans conquered South Eastern Europe, the Middle East and much of Northern and Eastern Africa between 1359 and 1653. The Spanish and Portuguese launched the colonisation of the Americas, basing their territorial claims on the Treaty of Tordesillas of 1494. This treaty demarcated the respective spheres of influence of Spain and Portugal. The expansion achieved by Spain and Portugal caught the attention of Britain, France and the Netherlands.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 48 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16460284", "chunk_text": "\"History of North Africa\"\nNorth Africa was colonized by France, the United Kingdom, Spain and Italy. During the 1950s and 1960s, and into the 1970s, all of the North African states gained independence from their colonial European rulers, except for a few small Spanish colonies on the far northern tip of Morocco, and parts of the Sahara region, which went from Spanish to Moroccan rule. In modern times the Suez canal in Egypt (constructed in 1869) has caused a great deal of controversy. The Convention of Constantinople in 1888 declared the canal a neutral zone under the protection of the British, after British troops", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 49 } ]
test_3412	when did the isle of wight become an island?	n/a	[ "During the last Ice Age" ]	[]	n/a	n/a	n/a	[]	[ { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9795753", "chunk_text": "\"Isle of Wight\"\nrepresented on the island by the Governor of the Isle of Wight until 1995. The island has played an important part in the defence of the ports of Southampton and Portsmouth, and been near the front-line of conflicts through the ages, including the Spanish Armada and the Battle of Britain. Rural for most of its history, its Victorian fashionability and the growing affordability of holidays led to significant urban development during the late 19th and early 20th centuries. Historically part of Hampshire, the island became a separate administrative county in 1890. It continued to share the Lord Lieutenant of Hampshire", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 0 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11230785", "chunk_text": "\"Isle of Wight\"\nIsle of Wight The Isle of Wight (; also referred to informally as The Island or abbreviated to IoW) is a county and the largest and second-most populous island in England. It is in the English Channel, between 2 and 5 miles off the coast of Hampshire, separated by the Solent. The island has resorts that have been holiday destinations since Victorian times, and is known for its mild climate, coastal scenery, and verdant landscape of fields, downland and chines. The island has been home to the poets Swinburne and Tennyson and to Queen Victoria, who built her much-loved summer", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 1 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11751792", "chunk_text": "\"History of the Isle of Wight\"\nthe last Ice Age, about 8–9000 years ago, as sea levels rose, and the land of southern Britain sunk due to the post-glacial rebound of the north that had been under the ice. This flooded the former river valley of the Solent to the north, and the future English Channel to the south, and cut Wight off from the island of Britain. Once open to the sea, tidal scouring widened the Solent. The first inhabitants are assumed to have been hunter-gatherers migrating by land during the Paleolithic (Old Stone Age) period, as the ice age began to recede and the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 2 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12468713", "chunk_text": "\"History of the Isle of Wight\"\nare retained in the county archaeological centre. From about 685-686 the island can be considered part of Wessex, and after the West Saxon kings ruled all England, then part of England. The Anglo Saxon Chronicle tells how \"\"Wiht-land\"\" suffered from Viking raids: \"\"\"\"And then another time they lay in the Isle of Wight, and meanwhile ate out of Hampshire and of Sussex\"\"\"\". Alfred the Great's navy defeated the Danes in 871 after they had \"\"ravaged Devon and the Isle of Wight\"\". Around 900 the kingdom was divided into shires, and the island became part of the shire of Hampshire. During", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 3 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13230396", "chunk_text": "\"History of the Isle of Wight\"\nevolving over the years into a Captaincy and eventually a Governorship). It is sometimes said there was a brief interruption in 1444 when Henry Beauchamp was crowned King of the Isle of Wight, with King Henry VI placing the crown on his head; the regal title supposedly expired when he died heirless in 1446. But there little evidence to support this story. Henry VIII developed the Royal Navy and its permanent base at Portsmouth, and ordered fortifications to be built at Yarmouth, Cowes, East Cowes and Sandown, sometimes using stone from the dissolved monasteries. The French invaded the island on", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 4 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11230854", "chunk_text": "\"Isle of Wight\"\nnamed Isle of Wight. Other notable examples include: The Isle of Wight was: Isle of Wight The Isle of Wight (; also referred to informally as The Island or abbreviated to IoW) is a county and the largest and second-most populous island in England. It is in the English Channel, between 2 and 5 miles off the coast of Hampshire, separated by the Solent. The island has resorts that have been holiday destinations since Victorian times, and is known for its mild climate, coastal scenery, and verdant landscape of fields, downland and chines. The island has been home to the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 5 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11230786", "chunk_text": "\"Isle of Wight\"\nresidence and final home Osborne House at East Cowes. It has a maritime and industrial tradition including boat-building, sail-making, the manufacture of flying boats, the hovercraft, and Britain's space rockets. The island hosts annual music festivals including the Isle of Wight Festival, which in 1970 was the largest rock music event ever held. It has well-conserved wildlife and some of the richest cliffs and quarries for dinosaur fossils in Europe. The isle was owned by a Norman family until 1293 and was earlier a kingdom in its own right. In common with the Crown dependencies The British Crown was then", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 6 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11230793", "chunk_text": "\"Isle of Wight\"\nShips likely were important to the local economy. During the Dark Ages the island was settled by Jutes as the pagan kingdom of Wihtwara under King Arwald. In 685 it was invaded by Caedwalla, who tried to replace the inhabitants with his own followers. In 686 Arwald was defeated and the island became the last part of English lands to be converted to Christianity, added to Wessex and then becoming part of England under King Alfred the Great, included within the shire of Hampshire. It suffered especially from Viking raids, and was often used as a winter base by Viking", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 7 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11230820", "chunk_text": "\"Isle of Wight\"\n(meaning \"\"caterpillar\"\"), \"\"gurt\"\" meaning \"\"large\"\", \"\"nammit\"\" (a mid-morning snack) and \"\"gallybagger\"\" (\"\"scarecrow\"\", and now the name of a local cheese). There remains occasional confusion between the Isle of Wight as a county and its former position within Hampshire. The island was regarded and administered as a part of Hampshire until 1890, when its distinct identity was recognised with the formation of Isle of Wight County Council (see also \"\"Politics of the Isle of Wight\"\"). However, it remained a part of Hampshire until the local government reforms of 1974 when it became a full ceremonial county with its own Lord Lieutenant.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 8 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4647701", "chunk_text": "\"History of the Isle of Wight\"\nHistory of the Isle of Wight The Isle of Wight is rich in historical and archaeological sites, from prehistoric fossil beds with dinosaur remains, to dwellings and artefacts dating back to the Bronze Age, Iron Age, and Roman periods. The River Solent was the largest tributary of the Channel River that drained the Hampshire Basin from the Early Pleistocene or late Pliocene. During the Mesolithic period, sea levels in northern Europe were some 30 to 40 metres lower than today, and the land that became Britain was a peninsula of northern Europe. The island was formed at the end of", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 9 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11230813", "chunk_text": "\"Isle of Wight\"\nbones; the youngest date back to around 30 million years ago. The island is one of the most important areas in Europe for dinosaur fossils. The eroding cliffs often reveal previously hidden remains, particularly along the Back of the Wight. Dinosaur bones and fossilised footprints can be seen in and on the rocks exposed around the island's beaches, especially at Yaverland and Compton Bay. As a result, the island has been nicknamed \"\"Dinosaur Island\"\" and Dinosaur Isle was established in 2001. The area was affected by sea level changes during the repeated Quaternary glaciations. The island probably became separated from", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 10 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4647752", "chunk_text": "\"History of the Isle of Wight\"\nfor the whole Isle of Wight; Newport also retained its two MPs, though these were reduced to one in 1868 and eventually abolished completely in 1885. Often thought of as part of Hampshire, the Isle of Wight was briefly included in that county when the first county councils were created in 1888. However, a \"\"Home Rule\"\" campaign led to a separate county council being established for the Isle of Wight in 1890, and it has remained separate ever since. Like inhabitants of many islands, Islanders are fiercely jealous of their real (or perceived) independence, and confusion over the Island's separate", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 11 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4647755", "chunk_text": "\"History of the Isle of Wight\"\nproposal. History of the Isle of Wight The Isle of Wight is rich in historical and archaeological sites, from prehistoric fossil beds with dinosaur remains, to dwellings and artefacts dating back to the Bronze Age, Iron Age, and Roman periods. The River Solent was the largest tributary of the Channel River that drained the Hampshire Basin from the Early Pleistocene or late Pliocene. During the Mesolithic period, sea levels in northern Europe were some 30 to 40 metres lower than today, and the land that became Britain was a peninsula of northern Europe. The island was formed at the end", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 12 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11230794", "chunk_text": "\"Isle of Wight\"\nraiders when they were unable to reach Normandy. Later, both Earl Tostig and his brother Harold Godwinson (who became King Harold II) held manors on the island. The Norman Conquest of 1066 created the position of Lord of the Isle of Wight; the island was given by William the Conqueror to his kinsman William FitzOsbern. Carisbrooke Priory and the fort of Carisbrooke Castle were then founded. Allegiance was sworn to FitzOsbern rather than the king; the Lordship was subsequently granted to the de Redvers family by Henry I, after his succession in 1100. For nearly 200 years the island was", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 13 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11230806", "chunk_text": "\"Isle of Wight\"\nThe oldest records that give a name for the Isle of Wight are from the Roman Empire: it was then called \"\"Vectis\"\" or \"\"Vecta\"\" in Latin, \"\"Iktis\"\" or \"\"Ouiktis\"\" in Greek. From the Anglo-Saxon period Latin \"\"Vecta\"\", Old English \"\"Wiht\"\" and Old Welsh forms \"\"Gueid\"\" and \"\"Guith\"\" are recorded. In Domesday Book it is \"\"Wit\"\"; the modern Welsh name is \"\"Ynys Wyth\"\" (\"\"ynys\"\" = island). These are all variant forms of the same name, possibly Celtic in origin. It may mean \"\"place of the division\"\", because the island divides the two arms of the Solent. The Isle of Wight is", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 14 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6147646", "chunk_text": "\"History of the Isle of Wight\"\nstatus is a perennial source of friction. It was planned to merge the county back into Hampshire as a district in the 1974 local government reform, but a last minute change led to it retaining its county council. However, since there was no provision made in the Local Government Act 1972 for unitary authorities, the Island had to retain a two-tier structure, with a county council and two boroughs, Medina and South Wight. The borough councils were merged with the county council on 1 April 1995, to form a single unitary authority, the Isle of Wight Council. The only significant", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 15 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11230791", "chunk_text": "\"Isle of Wight\"\nthe economy of the Isle of Wight. Trade however continued as evidenced by the remarkable local abundance of European Iron Age coins. Starting in AD 449 (according to the Anglo Saxon Chronicles) the 5th and 6th centuries saw groups of Germanic speaking peoples from Northern Europe crossing the English Channel and setting up home. Bede's (731) \"\"Historia ecclesiastica gentis Anglorum\"\" identifies three separate groups of invaders: of these, the Jutes from Denmark settled the Isle of Wight and Kent. From then onwards, there are indications that the island had wide trading links, with a port at Bouldnor, evidence of Bronze", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 16 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11751819", "chunk_text": "\"History of the Isle of Wight\"\nhis brother Harold Godwinson \"\"...went into Wight, and lay there all the summer and the autumn; and a land army was kept everywhere by the sea, although in the end it was to no avail\"\". Both men had manors on the island - Harold at Kern and Tostig at Nunwell. After the Battle of Hastings in 1066, the Isle of Wight and the rest of England entered the Norman era. The island has never since been successfully invaded by a foreign army. In the Domesday book of 1086 the Island's name is \"\"Wit\"\". William the Conqueror gave its manorial rights", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 17 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12570894", "chunk_text": "\"Lord of the Isle of Wight\"\nprivileges as feudal overlord of the Isle of Wight. In 1293, lying on her death bed, the countess sold the island to Edward I for 6,000 marks. The Lordship thereafter became a royal appointment. The last Lord of the Isle of Wight was Edward Woodville, Lord Scales (d. 1488). Lord of the Isle of Wight The Lord of the Isle of Wight is a title that began when William the Conqueror granted the Isle of Wight to William Fitz Osbern. It was a hereditary title. The last Lord of the Island of Wight was actually not a lord but a", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 18 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6961858", "chunk_text": "\"Isle of Wight Constabulary\"\nRoy Spicer. Isle of Wight Constabulary The Isle of Wight Constabulary was a local police force on the Isle of Wight The first separate police force on the island was set up in 1837 with the formation of the Newport Borough Police. The rest of the island was policed by the Hampshire Constabulary with the exception, from 1869, of Ryde, which had a borough force of its own, from 1869-1922. In 1890 the island was granted administrative county status under the Local Government Act 1888. The Newport force area was enlarged and the force renamed to become the Isle of", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 19 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6147625", "chunk_text": "\"History of the Isle of Wight\"\nto his kinsman William FitzOsbern, who became Lord of the Isle of Wight. Carisbrooke Priory and the fort of Carisbrooke Castle were founded (probably the site had previously been fortified, originally by Romans and subsequently by Jutes or Saxons; there are remains of a late Saxon wall or \"\"burgh\"\" as defence against Viking raiders). Thereafter allegiance on the island was sworn to FitzOsbern as 'Lord' rather than the king, a role subsequently granted to the de Redvers family by Henry I after his succession in 1100. For nearly 200 years the island was a semi-independent feudal fiefdom, with the de", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 20 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12570893", "chunk_text": "\"Lord of the Isle of Wight\"\nLord of the Isle of Wight The Lord of the Isle of Wight is a title that began when William the Conqueror granted the Isle of Wight to William Fitz Osbern. It was a hereditary title. The last Lord of the Island of Wight was actually not a lord but a lady. Countess Isabella de Fortibus acquired the lordship when her brother died in 1262. The countess had been widowed in 1261 and became the wealthiest female in the British Islands who was not a member of a royal family. Isabella dwelt in Carisbrooke Castle. She exercised her rights and", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 21 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6961855", "chunk_text": "\"Isle of Wight Constabulary\"\nIsle of Wight Constabulary The Isle of Wight Constabulary was a local police force on the Isle of Wight The first separate police force on the island was set up in 1837 with the formation of the Newport Borough Police. The rest of the island was policed by the Hampshire Constabulary with the exception, from 1869, of Ryde, which had a borough force of its own, from 1869-1922. In 1890 the island was granted administrative county status under the Local Government Act 1888. The Newport force area was enlarged and the force renamed to become the Isle of Wight Constabulary.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 22 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16909135", "chunk_text": "\"Politics of the Isle of Wight\"\nof Wight, to what could be described as the opposite extreme of merging the county back into Hampshire. The pro-independence lobby had a formal voice in the early 1970s with the Vectis National Party. Their main claim was that the sale of the island to the crown in 1293 was unconstitutional (see History of the Isle of Wight). However, this movement now has little serious support. Since the 1990s the debate has largely taken the form of a campaign to have the Isle of Wight recognized as a distinct region by organizations such as the EU, due to its relative", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 23 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2474881", "chunk_text": "\"History of Hampshire\"\nof many of the immigrants into Ellis Island. It is recorded in the 'Commonwealth Instrument of Government, 1653, which was adopted by Oliver Cromwell when he assumed the office of 'Lord Protector' in 1654. The Isle of Wight has been for some purposes in the past treated traditionally part of Hampshire, but has been administered separately from Hampshire for over a century, obtaining a county council of its own in 1890. The Isle of Wight became a full ceremonial county in 1974. The island is excluded from the hundreds given above – it was traditionally divided into East Medina and", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 24 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15384466", "chunk_text": "\"History of the Isle of Wight\"\ninhabitants of southern Britain at this time may indeed have been Germanic, rather than Celtic, which could re-open the possibility of the island's name having Germanic roots. The Romans occupied southern Britain, including the Isle of Wight, for nearly four hundred years. The Romans built no towns on the island, but it became an agricultural centre, and at least seven Roman villas are known. The Roman villas at Newport and Brading have been excavated and are open to the public. When fully developed around 300 AD, Brading was probably the largest on the Island, being a courtyard villa with impressive", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 25 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11230789", "chunk_text": "\"Isle of Wight\"\nday Poole Harbour towards mid-Channel. As sea levels rose, the river valley became flooded, and the chalk ridge line west of the Needles breached to form the island. The Isle of Wight is first mentioned in writing in \"\"Geography\"\" by Ptolemy. Bronze Age Britain had large reserves of tin in the areas of Cornwall and Devon and tin is necessary to smelt bronze. At that time the sea level was much lower and carts of tin were brought across the Solent at low tide for export, possibly on the Ferriby Boats. Anthony Snodgrass suggests that a shortage of tin, as", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 26 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4512406", "chunk_text": "\"South Wight\"\nSouth Wight South Wight was a non-metropolitan district with the status of a borough on the Isle of Wight in England from 1974 to 1995. The district was formed by the Local Government Act 1972, and was a merger of Sandown-Shanklin and Ventnor urban districts and Isle of Wight Rural District. It was one of two districts on the island formed in 1974 - the other was Medina. Following a review by the Local Government Commission for England, the borough was abolished on 1 April 1995, when a single Isle of Wight Council replaced the island's county council and two", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 27 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11230810", "chunk_text": "\"Isle of Wight\"\nthe eastern; the initial tide of water flowing from the west starts to ebb before the stronger flow around the south of the island returns through the eastern Solent to create a second high water. The Isle of Wight is made up of a variety of rock types dating from early Cretaceous (around 127 million years ago) to the middle of the Palaeogene (around 30 million years ago). The geological structure is dominated by a large monocline which causes a marked change in age of strata from the northern younger Tertiary beds to the older Cretaceous beds of the south.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 28 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13230377", "chunk_text": "\"History of the Isle of Wight\"\nas the \"\"Fort of the Men of Wight\"\" (\"\"Wihtwarasburgh\"\"), or alternatively the fort may have been named after Wihtgar. It is believed that the island became a Jutish kingdom ruled by King Stuf and his successors, until 661 when it was invaded by Wulfhere of Mercia and forcibly converted to Christianity. When he returned to Mercia the island reverted to paganism. Arwald was its last Jutish King and the last pagan king in Anglo-Saxon England until the Vikings. Bede describes the invasion of the island in 686 (noting that Bede was writing fifty years later, and some of his dates", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 29 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11230792", "chunk_text": "\"Isle of Wight\"\nAge tin trading, and finds of Late Iron Age coins. Julius Caesar reported that the Belgae took the Isle of Wight in about 85 BC, and recognised the culture of this general region as \"\"Belgic\"\", but made no reference to Vectis. The Roman historian Suetonius mentions that the island was captured by the commander Vespasian. The Romans built no towns on the island, but the remains of at least seven Roman villas have been found, indicating the prosperity of local agriculture. First-century exports were principally hides, slaves, hunting dogs, grain, cattle, silver, gold, and iron. Ferriby Boats and later Blackfriars", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 30 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13230376", "chunk_text": "\"History of the Isle of Wight\"\nfifth centuries AD, Roman troops and officials had withdrawn from Britain. In Bede's ecclesiastical history, \"\"Vecta\"\" [sic], along with parts of Hampshire and most of Kent, was settled by Jutes. According to the \"\"Anglo-Saxon Chronicle\"\", Cerdic and his son Cynric conquered the island in 530. The \"\"Chronicle\"\" states that after Cerdic died in 534, the island was given to his nephews Stuf and Wihtgar. However, it is uncertain whether \"\"Wihtgar\"\", who is believed to have died in 544, was a real person or came from a misunderstood place name. The \"\"Men of Wight\"\" were known as \"\"Wihtwara\"\". Carisbrooke was known", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 31 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11230795", "chunk_text": "\"Isle of Wight\"\na semi-independent feudal fiefdom, with the de Redvers family ruling from Carisbrooke. The final private owner was the Countess Isabella de Fortibus, who, on her deathbed in 1293, was persuaded to sell it to Edward I. Thereafter the island was under control of the English Crown and its Lordship a royal appointment. The island continued to be attacked from the continent: it was raided in 1374 by the fleet of Castile, and in 1377 by French raiders who burned several towns, including Newtown, and laid siege to Carisbrooke Castle before they were defeated. Under Henry VIII, who developed the Royal", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 32 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9795820", "chunk_text": "\"Isle of Wight\"\nthe King College started as two \"\"middle schools,\"\" Trinity Middle School and Archbishop King Catholic Middle School, but has now been converted into a dual-faith secondary school and sixth form. Since September 2011 five new secondary schools, with an age range of 11 to 18 years, replaced the island's high schools (as a part of the previous three-tier system). Notable residents have included: The Isle of Wight has given names to many parts of former colonies, most notably Isle of Wight County in Virginia founded by settlers from the island in the 17th century. Its county seat is a town", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 33 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15827627", "chunk_text": "\"Isle of Wight\"\nthe mainland about 125,000 years ago, during the Ipswichian interglacial. Like the rest of the UK, the island has an oceanic climate, but is somewhat milder and sunnier, which makes it a holiday destination. It also has a longer growing season. Lower Ventnor and the neighbouring Undercliff have a particular microclimate, because of their sheltered position south of the downs. The island enjoys 1,800–2,100 hours of sunshine a year. Some years have almost no snow in winter, and only a few days of hard frost. The island is in Hardiness zone 9. The Isle of Wight is one of the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 34 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11230796", "chunk_text": "\"Isle of Wight\"\nNavy and its Portsmouth base, the island was fortified at Yarmouth, Cowes, East Cowes, and Sandown. The French invasion on 21 July 1545 (famous for the sinking of the Mary Rose on the 19th) was repulsed by local militia. During the English Civil War, King Charles fled to the Isle of Wight, believing he would receive sympathy from the governor Robert Hammond, but Hammond imprisoned the king in Carisbrooke Castle. During the Seven Years' War, the island was used as a staging post for British troops departing on expeditions against the French coast, such as the Raid on Rochefort. During", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 35 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11230822", "chunk_text": "\"Isle of Wight\"\nin parts of Australia). Residents refer to the island as \"\"The Island\"\", as did Jane Austen in Mansfield Park, and sometimes to the UK mainland as \"\"North Island\"\". To promote the island's identity and culture, the High Sheriff Robin Courage founded an Isle of Wight Day; the first was held on Saturday 24 September 2016. The island is said to be the most haunted in the world, sometimes referred to as \"\"Ghost Island\"\". Notable claimed hauntings include God's Providence House in Newport (now a tea room), Appuldurcombe House, and the remains of Knighton Gorges. The island is well known for", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 36 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4512407", "chunk_text": "\"South Wight\"\ndistrict councils. South Wight South Wight was a non-metropolitan district with the status of a borough on the Isle of Wight in England from 1974 to 1995. The district was formed by the Local Government Act 1972, and was a merger of Sandown-Shanklin and Ventnor urban districts and Isle of Wight Rural District. It was one of two districts on the island formed in 1974 - the other was Medina. Following a review by the Local Government Commission for England, the borough was abolished on 1 April 1995, when a single Isle of Wight Council replaced the island's county council", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 37 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16360908", "chunk_text": "\"Parliamentary representation from Isle of Wight\"\nParliamentary representation from Isle of Wight The Isle of Wight, an island off the south coast of England, was part of the historic county of Hampshire (originally Southamptonshire), and was linked with it for parliamentary purposes until 1832, when it became a county constituency in its own right as it had also been during the Protectorate (1654–1659). Hampshire (including the Isle of Wight), located in the 21st century region of South East England, was represented in Parliament from the 13th century. This article provides a list of constituencies constituting the Parliamentary representation from Isle of Wight. In 1890 the Isle", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 38 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11230788", "chunk_text": "\"Isle of Wight\"\nuntil 1974, when it was made its own ceremonial county. Apart from a shared police force, there is now no administrative link with Hampshire, although a combined local authority with Portsmouth and Southampton was considered, this is now unlikely to proceed. Until 1995 the island had a governor. The quickest public transport link to the mainland is the hovercraft from Ryde to Southsea; three vehicle ferry and two catamaran services cross the Solent to Southampton, Lymington and Portsmouth. During the last Ice Age, sea levels were lower and the Solent was part of a river flowing south east from current", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 39 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4360415", "chunk_text": "\"Politics of the Isle of Wight\"\nsix lost seats with the first MP for the whole Isle of Wight. Often thought of as part of Hampshire, the Isle of Wight was briefly included in that county when the first county councils were created in 1888. However, a \"\"Home Rule\"\" campaign led to a separate county council being established for the Isle of Wight in 1890, and it has remained separate ever since. Like inhabitants of many islands, Islanders are fiercely jealous of their real (or perceived) independence, and confusion over the Island's separate status is a perennial source of friction. It was planned to merge the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 40 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6147643", "chunk_text": "\"History of the Isle of Wight\"\nestimates 600,000. The festival was revived in 2002 in a different format, and is now an annual event. The first Governor to hold the crown representative title used now of Lord-Lieutenant was Lord Mountbatten of Burma until his murder in 1979. Lord Mottistone was the last Lord Lieutenant to also hold the title Governor (from 1992 to 1995). Since 1995 there has been no Governor appointed and Mr Christopher Bland has been the Lord Lieutenant. The island's most ancient borough was Newtown on the large natural harbour on the island's north-western coast. A French raid in 1377, which destroyed much", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 41 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11230797", "chunk_text": "\"Isle of Wight\"\n1759, with a planned French invasion imminent, a large force of soldiers was stationed there. The French called off their invasion following the Battle of Quiberon Bay. In the 1860s, what remains in real terms the most expensive ever government spending project saw fortifications built on the island and in the Solent, as well as elsewhere along the south coast, including the Palmerston Forts, The Needles Batteries and Fort Victoria, because of fears about possible French invasion. The future Queen Victoria spent childhood holidays on the island and became fond of it. When queen she made Osborne House her winter", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 42 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11751821", "chunk_text": "\"History of the Isle of Wight\"\nRedvers family ruling from Carisbrooke. The final private owner was the Norman Countess Isabella de Fortibus, who inherited it aged 25 after her brother died suddenly. She ruled for thirty years, during which time all of her children died. On her deathbed in 1293 she was persuaded to sell the island to Edward I, and so it came under control of the English crown. Newtown was laid out by a Bishop of Winchester and his ecclesiastical estate at Swainston, and granted Borough status in 1256. It did not prosper, partly because it was in competition with the existing ports of", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 43 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2170865", "chunk_text": "\"Fort Victoria (Isle of Wight)\"\nFort Victoria (Isle of Wight) Fort Victoria is a former military fort on the Isle of Wight, England (), built to guard the Solent. The earliest fort on the site was a coastal fort known as Sharpenode Bulwark built in 1545-7 by Henry VIII, but these defences had fallen into disrepair by the 17th century. Fort Victoria was built in the 1850s. It was a brick-built triangular fort with two seaward batteries meeting at a right angle. It remained in use until 1962. Parts of the fort were subsequently demolished, and what remains has become part of Fort Victoria Country", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 44 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9662332", "chunk_text": "Wihtwara\nWihtwara Wihtwara was the kingdom founded on the Isle of Wight, a island off the south coast of England, during the Anglo-Saxon settlement of Britain. The name was derived from the Jutish name \"\"Wihtwara\"\" (\"\"Men of Wiht\"\"). Its capital was a fort named \"\"Wihtwarasburgh\"\". It has been suggested that the modern-day village of Carisbrooke was built on top of Wihtwarasburgh due to the fact that they share their location. It has also been suggested that Wihtwarasburgh was built on top of a pre-existing Roman fort, but this has not been proven. Wihtwara was named, supposedly, after Wihtgar who, along with", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 45 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3055913", "chunk_text": "\"Isle of Wight County, Virginia\"\nNansemond in 1635, and later was appointed as governor of the Virginia Colony. By 1634, the entire Colony consisted of eight shires or counties with a total population of approximately 5,000 inhabitants. Warrosquyoake Shire was renamed in 1637 as Isle of Wight County, after the island off the south coast of England. The original name had come derived from the Native Americans of the area; it went through transliteration and Anglicisation, eventually becoming known as \"\"Warwicke Squeake\"\". St. Luke's Church , built in the 17th century, is Virginia's oldest church building. In the late 20th century, it was designated as", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 46 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14771982", "chunk_text": "\"Isle of Wight Central Railway\"\nSection) Railway resubmitted their scheme too. The Cowes and Newport Bill failed standing orders, and although there was some opposition to it, the IoW(ES)R was authorised on 23 July 1860. In 1863 it changed its name to \"\"The Isle of Wight Railway\"\"; it opened between St Johns Road station in Ryde and Shanklin on 23 August 1864 and on to Ventnor on 10 September 1866. This had a significant effect in shifting the route for trade access to the island: in February 1868 the Cowes and Newport Railway directors reported that their company’s earnings were static following the opening of", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 47 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11230790", "chunk_text": "\"Isle of Wight\"\na part of the Bronze Age Collapse and trade disruptions in the Mediterranean around 1300 BC, forced metalworkers to seek an alternative to bronze. During Iron Age Britain, the Late Iron Age, the Isle of Wight would appear to have been occupied by the Celtic tribe, the Durotriges - as attested by finds of their coins, for example, the South Wight Hoard, and the Shalfleet Hoard. South eastern Britain experienced significant immigration that is reflected in the genetic makeup of the current residents. As the Iron Age began the value of tin likely dropped sharply and this likely greatly changed", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 48 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13474490", "chunk_text": "\"Isle of Wight Festival\"\nIsle of Wight Festival The Isle of Wight Festival is a British music festival which takes place annually on the Isle of Wight in Newport, England. It was originally a counterculture event held from 1968 to 1970. The 1970 event was by far the largest and most famous of these early festivals and the unexpectedly high attendance levels led, in 1971, to Parliament adding a section to the Isle of Wight County Council Act 1971 preventing overnight open-air gatherings of more than 5,000 people on the island without a special licence from the council. The event was revived in 2002.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 49 } ]
test_3413	what part of maryland is close to washington dc?	n/a	[ "Charles County", "Calvert County", "Montgomery County", "Washington metropolitan area", "Prince George's County", "Frederick County" ]	[]	n/a	n/a	n/a	[]	[ { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1726371", "chunk_text": "\"Washington metropolitan area\"\nWashington metropolitan area The Washington metropolitan area is the metropolitan area centered on Washington, D.C., the capital of the United States. The area includes all of the federal district and parts of the U.S. states of Maryland and Virginia, along with a small portion of West Virginia. While not a part of the Washington metropolitan area, St. Mary's County is part of the Baltimore–Washington metropolitan area. The Washington metropolitan area is one of the most educated and most affluent metropolitan areas in the US. The metro area anchors the southern end of the densely populated Northeast megalopolis with an estimated", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 0 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13926056", "chunk_text": "Maryland\nto Washington, D.C. and a highly diversified economy spanning manufacturing, services, higher education, and biotechnology. Maryland has been ranked as one of the best governed states in the country. The state's central role in American history is reflected by its hosting of some of the highest numbers of historic landmarks per capita. Maryland has an area of and is comparable in overall area with Belgium (). It is the 42nd largest and 9th smallest state and is closest in size to the state of Hawaii (), the next smaller state. The next larger state, its neighbor West Virginia, is almost", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 1 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13707003", "chunk_text": "\"Western Maryland\"\nWestern Maryland Western Maryland is the portion of the U.S. state of Maryland that typically consists of Washington, Allegany, and Garrett counties. The region is bounded by the Mason-Dixon line to the north, Preston County, West Virginia to the west, and the Potomac River to the south. The Washington metropolitan area is generally considered to be its eastern border, though some organizations stretch the region further east. Western Maryland is much more rural than the Baltimore-Washington Metropolitan Area, where most of the state's population lives, and is noted for its mountainous terrain. The area is generally regarded as part of", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 2 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13071753", "chunk_text": "\"Montgomery County, Maryland\"\nMontgomery County, Maryland Montgomery County is the most populous county in the U.S. state of Maryland, located adjacent to Washington, D.C. As of the 2010 census, the county's population was 971,777, increasing by 9.0% to an estimated 1,058,810 in 2017. The county seat and largest municipality is Rockville, although the census-designated place of Germantown is the most populous place. Montgomery County is included in the Washington–Arlington–Alexandria, DC–VA–MD–WV Metropolitan Statistical Area, which in turn forms part of the Baltimore–Washington Combined Statistical Area. Most of the county's residents live in unincorporated locales, of which the most built up are Silver Spring and", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 3 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11961547", "chunk_text": "\"Washington metropolitan area\"\nis a 24/7 local news provider available only to cable subscribers. Radio stations serving the area include: WETA-FM, WIHT, WMAL-AM, and WTOP. Washington metropolitan area The Washington metropolitan area is the metropolitan area centered on Washington, D.C., the capital of the United States. The area includes all of the federal district and parts of the U.S. states of Maryland and Virginia, along with a small portion of West Virginia. While not a part of the Washington metropolitan area, St. Mary's County is part of the Baltimore–Washington metropolitan area. The Washington metropolitan area is one of the most educated and most", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 4 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13926096", "chunk_text": "Maryland\nD.C., as well as in and around Maryland's most populous city, Baltimore. Historically, these and many other Maryland cities developed along the Fall Line, the line along which rivers, brooks, and streams are interrupted by rapids and/or waterfalls. Maryland's capital city, Annapolis, is one exception to this pattern, since it lies along the banks of the Severn River, close to where it empties into the Chesapeake Bay. The Eastern Shore is less populous and more rural, as are the counties of western Maryland. The two westernmost counties of Maryland, Allegany and Garrett, are mountainous and sparsely populated, resembling West Virginia", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 5 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "62415", "chunk_text": "\"Fort Washington, Maryland\"\nschools are located in Fort Washington Fort Washington, Maryland Fort Washington is an unincorporated area and census-designated place in Prince George's County, Maryland. It borders the capital of the United States of America, Washington, D.C., situated just south of the downtown district. As of the 2010 census it had a population of 23,717. It is a prosperous community with an African American majority population. The Fort Washington community is located west of Maryland Route 210, with some additional area to the east of the highway. The community is named for Fort Washington, which upon its completion in 1809 was the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 6 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15473261", "chunk_text": "\"Fort Washington, Maryland\"\nFort Washington, Maryland Fort Washington is an unincorporated area and census-designated place in Prince George's County, Maryland. It borders the capital of the United States of America, Washington, D.C., situated just south of the downtown district. As of the 2010 census it had a population of 23,717. It is a prosperous community with an African American majority population. The Fort Washington community is located west of Maryland Route 210, with some additional area to the east of the highway. The community is named for Fort Washington, which upon its completion in 1809 was the only defensive fort protecting Washington, D.C.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 7 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12595145", "chunk_text": "\"Baltimore–Washington metropolitan area\"\nBaltimore–Washington metropolitan area The Baltimore–Washington metropolitan area is a combined statistical area consisting of the overlapping labor market region of the cities of Washington, D.C. and Baltimore, Maryland. The region includes Central Maryland, Northern Virginia, three counties in the Eastern Panhandle of West Virginia, and one county in South Central Pennsylvania. It is the most educated, highest-income, and fourth largest combined statistical area in the United States. Officially, the area is designated by the Office of Management and Budget (OMB) as the Washington–Baltimore–Arlington, DC–MD–VA–WV–PA Combined Statistical Area. It is composed primarily of two major metropolitan statistical areas (MSA), the Washington–Arlington–Alexandria,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 8 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19093529", "chunk_text": "\"Hagerstown, Maryland\"\nengineering and manufacturing contractor. Hagerstown is located at (39.642771, −77.719954). It is south of the Mason–Dixon line and north of the Potomac River and between the Blue Ridge and Allegheny Mountains in a part of the Great Appalachian Valley known regionally as Cumberland Valley and locally as Hagerstown Valley. The community also lies within close proximity of Pennsylvania, West Virginia, and Virginia. Hagerstown, by driving distance, is approximately northwest of Washington, D.C., west-northwest of Baltimore, Maryland, and southwest of Harrisburg, Pennsylvania. According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of , of which, is land", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 9 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19201237", "chunk_text": "\"Western Maryland\"\ninclude Garrett, Allegany, Washington, Frederick, and Carroll counties. Local supporters of partitioning western Maryland (dubbed \"\"the Western Maryland Initiative\"\") cited a perception of political domination by the more populous eastern portion of the state, particularly with reference to such issues as gun control, taxation, and same-sex marriage. Western Maryland Western Maryland is the portion of the U.S. state of Maryland that typically consists of Washington, Allegany, and Garrett counties. The region is bounded by the Mason-Dixon line to the north, Preston County, West Virginia to the west, and the Potomac River to the south. The Washington metropolitan area is generally", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 10 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15123327", "chunk_text": "Maryland\nMaryland, with large communities existing in the suburbs of Washington, D.C. (particularly Montgomery County and Prince George's County) and the city of Baltimore. The Greater Washington area has the largest population of Ethiopians outside of Africa. The Ethiopian community of Greater DC was historically based in Washington D.C.'s Adams Morgan and Shaw neighborhoods, but as the community has grown, many Ethiopians have settled in Silver Spring. The Washington, D.C. metropolitan area is also home to large Eritrean and Somali communities. The top reported ancestries by Maryland residents are: German (15%), Irish (11%), English (8%), American (7%), Italian (6%), and Polish", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 11 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10125215", "chunk_text": "\"Frederick, Maryland\"\nFrederick, Maryland Frederick is a city in, and the county seat of, Frederick County in the U.S. state of Maryland. It is part of the Baltimore–Washington Metropolitan Area. Frederick has long been an important crossroads, located at the intersection of a major north–south Indian trail and east–west routes to the Chesapeake Bay, both at Baltimore and what became Washington, D.C. and across the Appalachian mountains to the Ohio River watershed. It is a part of the Washington-Arlington-Alexandria, DC-VA-MD-WV Metropolitan Statistical Area, which is part of a greater Washington-Baltimore-Arlington, DC-MD-VA-WV-PA Combined Statistical Area. The city's population was 65,239 people at the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 12 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13926058", "chunk_text": "Maryland\nWest Virginia and Virginia. The mid-portion of this border is interrupted by District of Columbia, which sits on land that was originally part of Montgomery and Prince George's counties and including the town of Georgetown, Maryland. This land was ceded to the United States Federal Government in 1790 to form the District of Columbia. (The Commonwealth of Virginia gave land south of the Potomac, including the town of Alexandria, Virginia, however Virginia retroceded its portion in 1846). The Chesapeake Bay nearly bisects the state and the counties east of the bay are known collectively as the \"\"Eastern Shore\"\". Most of", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 13 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "526093", "chunk_text": "\"Gaithersburg, Maryland\"\nGaithersburg, Maryland Gaithersburg (), officially the City of Gaithersburg, is a city in Montgomery County, Maryland. At the time of the 2010 U.S. Census, Gaithersburg had a population of 59,933, making it the fourth largest incorporated city in the state, behind Baltimore, Frederick, and Rockville. Gaithersburg is located to the northwest of Washington, D.C., and is considered a suburb and a primary city within the Washington–Arlington–Alexandria, DC–VA–MD–WV Metropolitan Statistical Area. Gaithersburg was incorporated as a town in 1878 and as a city in 1968. Gaithersburg is divided into east and west sections, separated by Interstate 270. The eastern section of", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 14 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8306363", "chunk_text": "\"Friendly, Maryland\"\nFriendly, Maryland Friendly is an unincorporated area and census-designated place (CDP) in Prince George's County, Maryland, United States, with an African-American majority population, located a few miles south of Washington, D.C. The population was 9,250 at the 2010 census. Friendly had its own rural post office in the early 20th century, and is now under the mailing address Fort Washington, MD. The name \"\"Friendly\"\" is most associated with Friendly High School which serves most of the greater Fort Washington area. The Friendly area was largely rural until about 1960 and has steadily grown with single-family housing developments. At least five", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 15 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13802388", "chunk_text": "\"Annapolis, Maryland\"\nAnnapolis, Maryland Annapolis () is the capital of the U.S. state of Maryland, as well as the county seat of Anne Arundel County. Situated on the Chesapeake Bay at the mouth of the Severn River, south of Baltimore and about east of Washington, D.C., Annapolis is part of the Baltimore–Washington metropolitan area. Its population was measured at 38,394 by the 2010 census. This city served as the seat of the Confederation Congress (former Second Continental Congress) and temporary national capital of the United States in 1783–1784. At that time, General George Washington came before the body convened in the new", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 16 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10125276", "chunk_text": "\"Frederick, Maryland\"\nand promoting the benefits of these systems. Frederick, Maryland Frederick is a city in, and the county seat of, Frederick County in the U.S. state of Maryland. It is part of the Baltimore–Washington Metropolitan Area. Frederick has long been an important crossroads, located at the intersection of a major north–south Indian trail and east–west routes to the Chesapeake Bay, both at Baltimore and what became Washington, D.C. and across the Appalachian mountains to the Ohio River watershed. It is a part of the Washington-Arlington-Alexandria, DC-VA-MD-WV Metropolitan Statistical Area, which is part of a greater Washington-Baltimore-Arlington, DC-MD-VA-WV-PA Combined Statistical Area. The", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 17 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "431570", "chunk_text": "\"Frederick County, Maryland\"\nFrederick County, Maryland Frederick County is located in the northern part of the U.S. state of Maryland. As of the 2010 U.S. Census, the population was 240,336. The county seat is Frederick. Frederick County is included in the Washington-Arlington-Alexandria, DC-VA-MD-WV Metropolitan Statistical Area. Like other outlying sections of the Washington metropolitan area, Frederick County has experienced a rapid population increase in recent years. It borders the southern border of Pennsylvania and the northeastern border of Virginia. The county is home to Catoctin Mountain Park (encompassing the presidential retreat Camp David) and to the U.S. Army's Fort Detrick. It has also", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 18 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13926061", "chunk_text": "Maryland\ngeographic regions. For example, the Delmarva Peninsula is composed of the Eastern Shore counties of Maryland, the entire state of Delaware, and the two counties that make up the Eastern Shore of Virginia, whereas the westernmost counties of Maryland are considered part of Appalachia. Much of the Baltimore–Washington corridor lies just south of the Piedmont in the Coastal Plain, though it straddles the border between the two regions. Earthquakes in Maryland are infrequent and small due to the state's distance from seismic/earthquake zones. The M5.8 Virginia earthquake in 2011 was felt moderately throughout Maryland. Buildings in the state are not", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 19 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4814559", "chunk_text": "\"Geography of Washington, D.C.\"\nGeography of Washington, D.C. Washington, D.C., in the United States, is located at (the coordinates of the Zero Milestone, on The Ellipse). According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a geographical area of , of which is land, and the remaining (10.16%) of which is water. Washington is surrounded by the states of Virginia (on its southwest side) and Maryland (on its southeast, northeast, and northwest sides); it interrupts those states' common border, which is the south shore of the Potomac River both upstream and downstream from the District. The portion of the Potomac River that passes", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 20 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1946265", "chunk_text": "\"Montgomery County, Maryland\"\nBureau, the United States Postal Service, and local chambers of commerce, define the communities they wish to recognize differently, and since they are not incorporated, their boundaries have no official status outside the organizations in question. The Census Bureau recognizes the following census-designated places in the county: Montgomery County, Maryland Montgomery County is the most populous county in the U.S. state of Maryland, located adjacent to Washington, D.C. As of the 2010 census, the county's population was 971,777, increasing by 9.0% to an estimated 1,058,810 in 2017. The county seat and largest municipality is Rockville, although the census-designated place of", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 21 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1726373", "chunk_text": "\"Washington metropolitan area\"\nthe larger Baltimore–Washington metropolitan area, which has a population of 9,546,579 as of the 2014 Census Estimate. The area is also sometimes referred to as the National Capital Region, particularly by federal agencies such as the military Department of Homeland Security. Another term used to describe the region is the D.C. Area. The area in the region that is surrounded by Interstate 495 is also referred to as being \"\"inside the Beltway\"\". The city of Washington, which is at the center of the area, is referred to as \"\"the District\"\" because it is the federal District of Columbia, and is", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 22 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4630439", "chunk_text": "\"Washington, D.C.\"\narea of , of which is land and (10.67%) is water. The District is bordered by Montgomery County, Maryland to the northwest; Prince George's County, Maryland to the east; Arlington County, Virginia to the south; and Alexandria, Virginia to the west. The south bank of the Potomac River forms the District's border with Virginia and has two major tributaries: the Anacostia River and Rock Creek. Tiber Creek, a natural watercourse that once passed through the National Mall, was fully enclosed underground during the 1870s. The creek also formed a portion of the now-filled Washington City Canal, which allowed passage through", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 23 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13926055", "chunk_text": "Maryland\nof the U.S. capital of Washington, D.C. Although a slave state, Maryland remained in the Union during the U.S. Civil War, its strategic location giving it a significant role in the conflict. After the war, Maryland took part in the Industrial Revolution, driven by its seaports, railroad networks, and mass immigration from Europe. Since the Second World War, the state's population has grown rapidly, to approximately six million residents, and it is among the most densely populated states in the nation. , Maryland had the highest median household income of any state, owing in large part to its close proximity", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 24 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13926051", "chunk_text": "Maryland\nMaryland Maryland ( ) is a state in the Mid-Atlantic region of the United States, bordering Virginia, West Virginia, and the District of Columbia to its south and west; Pennsylvania to its north; and Delaware to its east. The state's largest city is Baltimore, and its capital is Annapolis. Among its occasional nicknames are \"\"Old Line State\"\", the \"\"Free State\"\", and the \"\"Chesapeake Bay State\"\". It is named after the English queen Henrietta Maria, known in England as Queen Mary. Sixteen of Maryland's twenty-three counties border the tidal waters of the Chesapeake Bay estuary and its many tributaries, which combined", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 25 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5028973", "chunk_text": "\"Prince George's County, Maryland\"\nPrince George's County, Maryland Prince George's County (often shortened to \"\"PG County\"\") is a county in the U.S. state of Maryland, bordering the eastern portion of Washington, D.C. As of the 2010 U.S. Census, the population was 863,420, making it the second-most populous county in Maryland, behind only Montgomery County. Its county seat is Upper Marlboro. It is one of the richest African American-majority counties in the United States, with five of its communities identified in a 2015 top ten list. Prince George's County is included in the Washington-Arlington-Alexandria, DC-VA-MD-WV Metropolitan Statistical Area. Due to its proximity to Washington, D.C.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 26 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13926122", "chunk_text": "Maryland\nstate near Hagerstown. I-97, fully contained within Anne Arundel County and the second shortest () one- or two-digit interstate highway in the US, connects the Baltimore area to the Annapolis area. (Hawaii has one that is shorter.) There are also several auxiliary Interstate highways in Maryland. Among them are two beltways encircling the major cities of the region: I-695, the McKeldin (Baltimore) Beltway, which encircles Baltimore; and a portion of I-495, the Capital Beltway, which encircles Washington, D.C. I-270, which connects the Frederick area with Northern Virginia and the District of Columbia through major suburbs to the northwest of Washington,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 27 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12504466", "chunk_text": "\"Friendly, Maryland\"\nthe Friendly CDP (now in Fort Washington CDP) until 2010. Friendly, Maryland Friendly is an unincorporated area and census-designated place (CDP) in Prince George's County, Maryland, United States, with an African-American majority population, located a few miles south of Washington, D.C. The population was 9,250 at the 2010 census. Friendly had its own rural post office in the early 20th century, and is now under the mailing address Fort Washington, MD. The name \"\"Friendly\"\" is most associated with Friendly High School which serves most of the greater Fort Washington area. The Friendly area was largely rural until about 1960 and", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 28 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3342117", "chunk_text": "\"Geography of Washington, D.C.\"\nCounty, Maryland, which also border the District. Geography of Washington, D.C. Washington, D.C., in the United States, is located at (the coordinates of the Zero Milestone, on The Ellipse). According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a geographical area of , of which is land, and the remaining (10.16%) of which is water. Washington is surrounded by the states of Virginia (on its southwest side) and Maryland (on its southeast, northeast, and northwest sides); it interrupts those states' common border, which is the south shore of the Potomac River both upstream and downstream from the District. The", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 29 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13926057", "chunk_text": "Maryland\ntwice the size of Maryland (). Maryland possesses a variety of topography within its borders, contributing to its nickname \"\"America in Miniature\"\". It ranges from sandy dunes dotted with seagrass in the east, to low marshlands teeming with wildlife and large bald cypress near the Chesapeake Bay, to gently rolling hills of oak forests in the Piedmont Region, and pine groves in the Maryland mountains to the west. Maryland is bounded on its north by Pennsylvania, on its west by West Virginia, on its east by Delaware and the Atlantic Ocean, and on its south, across the Potomac River, by", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 30 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1534005", "chunk_text": "\"Nanjemoy, Maryland\"\nNanjemoy, Maryland Nanjemoy is a settlement along Maryland Route 6 in southwestern Charles County, Maryland, United States, and the surrounding large rural area more or less bounded by Nanjemoy Creek to the east and north, and the Potomac River to the south and west. Nanjemoy is within the Washington, D.C., metropolitan area, being about 25 miles (40 km) south of the Capital Beltway (Interstates 95 and 495). The area is served by Maryland Route 6 and other two-lane state highways; the nearest major roads are Maryland Route 210 to the north and U.S. Route 301 to the east. The Nanjemoy", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 31 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1290975", "chunk_text": "\"Calvert County, Maryland\"\nCalvert County, Maryland Calvert County is a county located in the U.S. state of Maryland. As of the 2010 census, the population was 88,737. Its county seat is Prince Frederick. The county's name is derived from the family name of the Barons of Baltimore, the proprietors of the English Colony of Maryland. Calvert County is included in the Washington-Arlington-Alexandria, DC-VA-MD-WV Metropolitan Statistical Area. It occupies the Calvert Peninsula, which is bordered on the east by Chesapeake Bay and on the west by the Patuxent River. Calvert County is part of the Southern Maryland region. The county has one of the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 32 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "526106", "chunk_text": "\"Gaithersburg, Maryland\"\n95 near Laurel. Gaithersburg is connected to the Washington Metro via Shady Grove station, which is located just outside the city limits and is the north-western terminus of the Red Line. The Corridor Cities Transitway is a proposed bus rapid transit line that would have 8 stops in Gaithersburg, generally in the western half of the city. Maryland's MARC system operates commuter rail services connecting Gaithersburg to Washington, D.C. with two stations in the city, at Old Town Gaithersburg and Metropolitan Grove, and a third station — Washington Grove — just outside city limits. Bus service in Gaithersburg consists of", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 33 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10805324", "chunk_text": "\"Union Square, Baltimore\"\nMARC Train beginning in the northeastern corner of the state at Havre de Grace, Maryland\|Havre de Grace]] at the head of the Chesapeake Bay down to Baltimore and onto Washington, D.C. 40 miles away. Surrounding the city is the encircling Baltimore Beltway which is also Interstate 695 and connects via four parallel highways, from east to west: Interstate 95, then the Baltimore-Washington Parkway which is also (Md. Route 295 and Interstate 295), and the old historic Washington Boulevard from colonial times now of U.S. Route 1, and further to the west is U.S. Route 29, all connecting to the Capital", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 34 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "98490", "chunk_text": "\"Laurel, Maryland\"\nLaurel, Maryland Laurel is a city in northern Prince George's County, Maryland, in the United States, located almost midway between Washington, D.C., and Baltimore on the banks of the Patuxent River. Founded as a mill town in the early 19th century, the arrival of the Baltimore & Ohio Railroad in 1835 expanded local industry and later enabled the city to become an early commuter town for Washington and Baltimore workers. Largely residential today, the city maintains a historic district centered on its Main Street, highlighting its industrial past. The Department of Defense is a prominent presence in the Laurel area", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 35 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13926103", "chunk_text": "Maryland\npopulation is more concentrated in the Baltimore area, all other major Hispanic groups in the state are evenly dispersed between these two areas. Maryland has one of the most diverse Hispanic populations in the country, with significant populations from various Caribbean and Central American nations. Jews are numerous throughout Montgomery County and in Pikesville and Owings Mills northwest of Baltimore. Asian Americans are concentrated in the suburban counties surrounding Washington, D.C. and in Howard County, with Korean American and Taiwanese American communities in Rockville, Gaithersburg, and Germantown and a Filipino American community in Fort Washington. Numerous Indian Americans live across", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 36 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15123376", "chunk_text": "Maryland\nofficial state sport of Maryland, since 1962, is jousting; the official team sport since 2004 is lacrosse. The National Lacrosse Hall of Fame is located on the Johns Hopkins University campus in Baltimore. In 2008, intending to promote physical fitness for all ages, walking became the official state exercise. Maryland is the first state with an official state exercise. Maryland Maryland ( ) is a state in the Mid-Atlantic region of the United States, bordering Virginia, West Virginia, and the District of Columbia to its south and west; Pennsylvania to its north; and Delaware to its east. The state's largest", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 37 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2844158", "chunk_text": "\"Washington County, Maryland\"\nsouth by the Potomac River and the states of Virginia and West Virginia, to the west by Sideling Hill Creek and Allegany County, Maryland, and to the east by Frederick County and South Mountain. As of the census of 2010, there were 147,430 people, 49,726 households, and 34,112 families residing in the county. The population density was 315 people per square mile (111/km²). There were 52,972 housing units at an average density of 116 per square mile (45/km²). The racial makeup of the county was 89.71% White or Caucasian, 7.77% Black or African American, 0.18% Native American, 0.80% Asian, 0.04%", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 38 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14706368", "chunk_text": "\"North Potomac, Maryland\"\nNorth Potomac, Maryland North Potomac is a census-designated place and an unincorporated area in Montgomery County, Maryland, United States. North Potomac is located in west central Montgomery County, northeast of the Potomac River. It is conveniently located 3 miles from Gaithersburg and 20 miles from Washington, DC. The geographic location can be viewed at the Official North Potomac Map. As an unincorporated area, North Potomac's boundaries are not officially defined. North Potomac is, however, recognized by the United States Census Bureau as a census-designated place, and by the United States Geological Survey as a populated place located at (39.097206, −77.234213).", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 39 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3342116", "chunk_text": "\"Geography of Washington, D.C.\"\nwithin these wards. The total number of named neighborhoods is 127. The ANCs serve to advise the D.C. Council on neighborhood matters. The Council is required by law to give their opinions \"\"great weight,\"\" though what that means is up to the Council to decide. Since 2000 the demographics of many neighborhoods have changed markedly. The District of Columbia is bordered by various cities, towns, villages, and unincorporated CDPs in the states of Maryland and Virginia. Following is a list of those adjacent communities. In addition to the above named places, there are other small unincorporated parts of Prince George's", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 40 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15123293", "chunk_text": "Maryland\nsuburbs of Washington, D.C. and Baltimore—lies on the Atlantic Coastal Plain, with flat topography and sandy or muddy soil. This region has a humid subtropical climate (Köppen \"\"Cfa\"\"), with hot, humid summers and a short, mild to cool winter; it falls under USDA Hardiness zone 8a. The Piedmont region—which includes northern and western greater Baltimore, Westminster, Gaithersburg, Frederick, and Hagerstown—has average seasonal snowfall totals generally exceeding and, as part of USDA Hardiness zones 7b and 7a, temperatures below are less rare. From the Cumberland Valley on westward, the climate begins to transition to a humid continental climate (Köppen \"\"Dfa\"\"). In", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 41 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15510298", "chunk_text": "\"Halfway, Maryland\"\nHalfway, Maryland Halfway is a census-designated place (CDP) in Washington County, Maryland, United States. The population was 10,065 at the 2000 census. It is named for being halfway between Hagerstown and Williamsport. As a major suburb of Hagerstown, Maryland, Halfway is part of the Hagerstown-Martinsburg, MD-WV, Metropolitan Statistical Area. Halfway is located at (39.616346, −77.765562). According to the United States Census Bureau, the CDP has a total area of , all of it land. As of the census of 2000, there were 10,065 people, 4,275 households, and 2,851 families residing in the CDP. The population density was 2,147.6 people per", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 42 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5029015", "chunk_text": "\"Prince George's County, Maryland\"\nCensus Bureau, the United States Postal Service, and local chambers of commerce, define the communities they wish to recognize differently, and since they are not incorporated, their boundaries have no official status outside the organizations in question. The Census Bureau recognizes the following census-designated places in the county: Prince George's County, Maryland Prince George's County (often shortened to \"\"PG County\"\") is a county in the U.S. state of Maryland, bordering the eastern portion of Washington, D.C. As of the 2010 U.S. Census, the population was 863,420, making it the second-most populous county in Maryland, behind only Montgomery County. Its county", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 43 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6856128", "chunk_text": "\"Baltimore–Washington Parkway\"\nBaltimore–Washington Parkway The Baltimore–Washington Parkway (also referred to as the B–W Parkway) is a highway in the U.S. state of Maryland, running southwest from Baltimore to Washington, D.C. The road begins at an interchange with U.S. Route 50 (US 50) near Cheverly in Prince George's County at the D.C. border, and continues northeast as a parkway maintained by the National Park Service (NPS) to MD 175 near Fort Meade, serving many federal institutions. This portion of the parkway is dedicated to Gladys Noon Spellman, a representative of Maryland's 5th congressional district, and has the unsigned Maryland Route 295 (MD 295)", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 44 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2844157", "chunk_text": "\"Washington County, Maryland\"\ntotal area of , of which is land and (2.0%) is water. Washington County is located in the Appalachian Mountains, stretching from the Ridge-and-Valley Country in the west to South Mountain in the east, which is an extension of the Blue Ridge. Much of the county lies in the broad Hagerstown Valley between these two zones; the valley is part of the Great Appalachian Valley that continues southward into Virginia and West Virginia as the Shenandoah Valley and northward into Pennsylvania as the Cumberland Valley. The county is bordered to the north by the Mason–Dixon line with Pennsylvania, to the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 45 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12299635", "chunk_text": "\"Frederick, Maryland\"\nU.S. Route 40, U.S. Route 40 Alternate and U.S. Route 15 (which runs north–south). In relation to nearby cities, Frederick lies west of Baltimore, north and slightly west of Washington, D.C., southeast of Hagerstown, Maryland, and southwest of Harrisburg, Pennsylvania. The city's coordinates are 39°25'35\"\" North, 77°25'13\"\" West (39.426294, −77.420403). According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of , of which, is land and is water. The city's area is predominantly land, with small areas of water being the Monocacy River, which runs to the east of the city, Carroll Creek (which runs through", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 46 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3340278", "chunk_text": "Maryland\nNo. 1 with the most millionaires per capita in 2013, with a ratio of 7.7 percent. Also, the state's poverty rate of 7.8 percent is the lowest in the country. per capita personal income in 2006 was $43,500, fifth in the nation. As of February 2018, the state's unemployment rate was 4.2 percent. Maryland's economy benefits from the state's close proximity to the federal government in Washington, D.C. with an emphasis on technical and administrative tasks for the defense/aerospace industry and bio-research laboratories, as well as staffing of satellite government headquarters in the suburban or exurban Baltimore/Washington area. Ft. Meade", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 47 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14051582", "chunk_text": "\"Interstate 295 (Maryland–District of Columbia)\"\nInterstate 295 (Maryland–District of Columbia) Interstate 295 (I-295) in the U.S. state of Maryland and in Washington, D.C. is a spur route connecting I-95 / I-495 and Maryland Route 210 (Indian Head Highway) near the Potomac River (just outside the District's boundary with Maryland) to Interstate 695 & D.C. Route 295 in the Anacostia neighborhood of Washington, DC. Although I-295 technically begins at the Capital Beltway (I-95/I-495), a pair of mainline ramps connects the southern terminus of the route to the nearby MD 210. Continuing north from this interchange, I-295 enters the District of Columbia; the route is only long", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 48 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11361507", "chunk_text": "\"Germantown, Maryland\"\nGermantown, Maryland Germantown is an urbanized census-designated place in Montgomery County, Maryland. With a population of 90,676 as of 2013 U.S. Census Bureau estimates, Germantown is the third most populous place in Maryland, after the city of Baltimore, and the census-designated place of Columbia. Germantown is located approximately outside of the U.S. capital of Washington, D.C. and is an important part of the Washington metropolitan area. Germantown was founded in the early 19th century by European immigrants though much of the area's development did not occur until the mid-20th century. The original plan for Germantown divided the area into a", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 49 } ]
test_3414	when was the last time giants won superbowl?	n/a	[ "2011" ]	[]	n/a	n/a	n/a	[]	[ { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14012797", "chunk_text": "\"New York Giants\"\nState. On December 9, 2018, the Giants became the first team in NFL history to win 100 regular season games against an opponent. The Giants have won a total of eight League Championships: 1927, 1934, 1938, 1956, 1986, 1990, 2007 and 2011. The first four of those championships came in the pre-Super Bowl era. New York's eight championships put them third among all active and defunct NFL teams, trailing only the Green Bay Packers (13) and the Chicago Bears (9). Before the Super Bowl was instituted, the Giants won four officially recognized NFL championships. The Giants have won four Super", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 0 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14012746", "chunk_text": "\"New York Giants\"\nis the only one of that group still existing, as well as the league's longest-established team in the Northeastern United States. The team ranks third among all NFL franchises with eight NFL championship titles: four in the pre–Super Bowl era (1927, 1934, 1938, 1956) and four since the advent of the Super Bowl (XXI (1986), XXV (1990), XLII (2007), and XLVI (2011)), along with more championship appearances than any other team, with 19 overall appearances. Their championship tally is surpassed only by the Green Bay Packers (13) and Chicago Bears (9). Throughout their history, the Giants have featured 28 Hall", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 1 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14012798", "chunk_text": "\"New York Giants\"\nBowls, tied with Green Bay for the fifth most behind only Dallas, San Francisco and New England (all with 5), and Pittsburgh (6). The Giants have won five NFC Championship Games, including two in overtime in 2007 and 2011. With over 80 years of team history, the Giants have used numerous uniforms and logos, while maintaining a consistent identity. The Giants' logos include several incarnations of a giant quarterback preparing to throw a football, a lowercase \"\"ny\"\", and stylized versions of the team nickname. Giants' jerseys are traditionally blue or red (or white with blue or red accents), and their", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 2 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12435162", "chunk_text": "\"Super Bowl XLVI\"\nled the team in combined tackles with 96. The Giants joined the 2008 Arizona Cardinals and 1979 Los Angeles Rams as the only other team to advance to the Super Bowl with fewer than ten victories since the NFL expanded to a 16-game season in 1978, and the only one of those three to win the Super Bowl they had advanced to. They have won six consecutive playoff games away from their home stadium, dating back to their victory over the Tampa Bay Buccaneers in the 2007 Wild Card round. That includes their Super Bowl XLII victory over these same", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 3 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4870969", "chunk_text": "\"New York Giants\"\nthe Big Blue Wrecking Crew defense. As of 2017, this is the Giants' best regular season record since the NFL began playing 16-game seasons in 1978. After clinching the top seed in the NFC, the Giants defeated the 49ers 49–3 in the divisional round of the NFC playoffs and the Redskins 17–0 in the NFC championship game, advancing to their first Super Bowl, Super Bowl XXI, against the Denver Broncos at the Rose Bowl in Pasadena. Led by MVP Simms who completed 22 of 25 passes for a Super Bowl record 88% completion percentage, they defeated the Broncos 39–20, to", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 4 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1939305", "chunk_text": "\"History of the New York Giants\"\nHistory of the New York Giants The New York Giants, an American football team which currently plays in the National Football League's National Football Conference, has a history dating back more than 80 seasons. The Giants were founded in 1925 by Tim Mara in the then five-year-old NFL. Mara owned the team until his death in 1959, when it was passed on to his sons, Wellington and Jack. During their history, the Giants have won eight NFL championships, four of which came in Super Bowls. In just its third season, the team finished with the best record in the league", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 5 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4871013", "chunk_text": "\"New York Giants\"\nback to 1932. While this rivalry is typically given less significance than the rivalries with the Eagles and Cowboys, there have been periods of great competition between the two. In the 1980s the Giants and Redskins clashed as both struggled against each other for division titles and even Super Bowl Championships. Most notable among these is the 1986 NFC Championship game in which the Giants defeated the Redskins 17–0 to earn their first ever trip to the Super Bowl. Wellington Mara always felt this was the Giants oldest and truest rival, and after passing away in 2005, the Giants honored", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 6 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16123533", "chunk_text": "\"History of the New York Giants\"\nthe Super Bowl in 2000, but lost to the Baltimore Ravens in Super Bowl XXXV. The Giants upset the heavily favored New England Patriots in Super Bowls XLII and XLVI. The Giants were founded in 1925 by original owner Tim Mara with an investment of $500. Legally named \"\"New York Football Giants\"\" (which they still are to this day) to distinguish themselves from the baseball team of the same name, they became one of the first teams in the then five-year-old National Football League. In 1919, Charles Stoneham, the owner of the New York Giants baseball team, had organized and", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 7 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14012768", "chunk_text": "\"New York Giants\"\nSuper Bowl for an unprecedented third straight year, 15–13 at San Francisco and then defeated the Buffalo Bills 20–19 in Super Bowl XXV. Following the 1990 season, Parcells resigned as head coach and was replaced by the team's offensive-line coach Ray Handley. Handley served as coach for two disappointing seasons (1991 and 1992), which saw the Giants fall from Super Bowl champions to an 8–8 record in 1991 and a 6–10 record in 1992. He was fired following the 1992 season, and replaced by former Denver Broncos' coach Dan Reeves. In the early 1990s, Simms and Taylor, two of the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 8 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4871001", "chunk_text": "\"New York Giants\"\nare essentially a modernization of the design used from 1956 to 1961. Additionally, the Giants had a third jersey until the 2009 season, which recalled the Giants' solid red home jerseys from the early 1950s: a solid red alternate with white block numbers. These jerseys were used a total of four times, but have since been retired. They were used once in 2004 against the Philadelphia Eagles and in three consecutive years – 2005, 2006, and 2007 – against the Dallas Cowboys. The Giants have had a long and, at times, turbulent financial history. The team was founded by Tim", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 9 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20712858", "chunk_text": "\"Logos and uniforms of the New York Giants\"\nGiants, along with the other 31 NFL teams, unveiled their Color Rush uniform. The Giants revealed a white jersey, similar in design to the their away jerseys worn from the 1976–99 seasons. To further add to the quasi-throwback look, the team reveal that they would likewise wear the helmet design they had from the 1976–99 era. The uniform was worn for their Week 16 game against the Philadelphia Eagles on December 22. In 2017, the uniform was worn for their Week 14 game against the Dallas Cowboys on December 10, the first time the Giants wore white at a regular", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 10 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4590878", "chunk_text": "\"History of the New York Giants (1994–present)\"\nHistory of the New York Giants (1994–present) The New York Giants, an American football team which currently plays in the NFL's National Football Conference, have qualified for the postseason seven times since 1994. With the retirement of Phil Simms and Lawrence Taylor — two of the most important figures in franchise history – after the 1993 season, the Giants entered a new era. After a successful 1993 season, the Giants struggled under head coach Dan Reeves, and failed to reach the playoffs for three consecutive seasons. With the hiring of Jim Fassel as the team's new head coach in 1997,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 11 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12435153", "chunk_text": "\"Super Bowl XLVI\"\nSuper Bowl XLVI Super Bowl XLVI (46) was an American football game between the National Football Conference (NFC) champion New York Giants and the American Football Conference (AFC) champion New England Patriots to decide the National Football League (NFL) champion for the 2011 season. The Giants defeated the Patriots by the score of 21–17. The game was played on February 5, 2012 at Lucas Oil Stadium in Indianapolis, the first time that the Super Bowl was played in Indiana. In addition to winning their fourth Super Bowl in team history, the Giants set a new record for the lowest regular", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 12 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "569409", "chunk_text": "\"Big Blue Wrecking Crew\"\nBig Blue Wrecking Crew The Big Blue Wrecking Crew was the defense for the New York Giants during the 1980s that won two Super Bowl Championships, the first in Super Bowl XXI in 1986 and the other in Super Bowl XXV in 1990. A 3-4 defense, it was among the greatest NFL defenses of all time, and featured Lawrence Taylor as its star, considered by many to be the greatest defensive player in NFL history. The New York Giants, while historically a successful franchise, suffered a long playoff drought lasting from 1964 after losing the 1963 NFL Championship to the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 13 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6983728", "chunk_text": "\"San Francisco\"\nin 1958. The Giants play at AT&T Park, which opened in 2000. The Giants won World Series titles in 2010, 2012, and in 2014. The Giants have boasted such stars as Willie Mays, Willie McCovey and Barry Bonds. In 2012, San Francisco was ranked No. 1 in a study that examined which U.S. metro areas have produced the most Major Leaguers since 1920. The San Francisco 49ers of the National Football League (NFL) were the longest-tenured major professional sports franchise in the city until moving in 2013. The team began play in 1946 as an All-America Football Conference (AAFC) league", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 14 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6829017", "chunk_text": "\"History of the New York Giants\"\nthe popularity of the NFL in the United States. The Giants registered just two winning seasons from 1964 to 1980 and were unable to advance to the playoffs. From 1981 to 1990, the team qualified for the postseason seven times and won Super Bowls XXI and XXV. The team's success during the 1980s was aided by head coach Bill Parcells, quarterback Phil Simms and Hall of Fame linebackers Lawrence Taylor and Harry Carson. New York struggled throughout much of the 1990s as Parcells left the team, and players such as Simms and Taylor declined and eventually retired. They returned to", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 15 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10260258", "chunk_text": "\"National Football League rivalries\"\nfour times in the playoffs. The Giants won in 1981 & 2000, and the Eagles won in 2006 & 2008. The Giants lead the all-time series 85–81–2 as of the end of the 2016 season. The Giants and Redskins have a storied rivalry. While New York leads the rivalry, there have been great periods of competition between the two teams, most notably during the 1980s where they clashed for division titles and Super Bowl championships. Between 1982–91 they combined for 8 division titles and 5 Super Bowl titles, two by the Giants (1986, 1990) and three by the Redskins (1982,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 16 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14012791", "chunk_text": "\"New York Giants\"\ndown at the 1-yard line but his momentum carried him in, thus the \"\"reluctant touchdown.\"\" As was the case in each of their four previous Super Bowl appearances, the Giants trailed at halftime. They are the only team in NFL history to have more than two second half, come-from-behind, Super Bowl victories (4). The Pittsburgh Steelers, who accomplished the feat in Super Bowl X and Super Bowl XIV, are the only other team to do it more than once. The Giants began the 2012 season with a home loss to the Cowboys, but rebounded to finish October with a 6–2", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 17 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8857466", "chunk_text": "\"Super Bowl XLVI\"\nteam won every playoff game they played away from their home stadium (Giants Stadium and MetLife Stadium) from 2007-2011. Prior to this run, last time the Giants were defeated in a game away from the Meadowlands was in 2006, when they were defeated by the Philadelphia Eagles in the Wild Card round. This streak came to an end in the 2016–17 NFL playoffs, where the Giants were defeated 38-13 by the Green Bay Packers at Lambeau Field in the Wild Card round. Two of the Giants' road playoff victories during this streak occurred at Lambeau. This was the second Super", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 18 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14048462", "chunk_text": "\"New York Giants\"\nand Dallas, partially due to the large distance between the two cities. The Cowboys lead the regular season series 64–45–2, while the Giants hold the lone playoff victory between the two teams, held at the conclusion of the 2007 season. Despite never being in the same division, the Giants and 49ers have developed a heated rivalry over the years. The two teams have met eight times in the playoffs (including two NFC Championship Games, both won by New York) since 1982, which is the most of any two teams in that span. The overall series is tied 16–16, as is", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 19 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14012794", "chunk_text": "\"New York Giants\"\nand with a losing record for the first time since 2004. The Giants drafted rookie wide receiver Odell Beckham Jr. in the 2014 NFL Draft, who would later go on to win the AP Offensive Rookie of the Year award. However, the Giants missed the playoffs for a third straight season, finishing with a 6–10 record. The 2015 New York Giants season was another disappointing campaign, as the Giants showcased a struggling defense and several late-game collapses. The Giants finished the season with a 6–10 record and missed the playoffs. On January 14, 2016, the Giants announced that Ben McAdoo", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 20 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5352147", "chunk_text": "\"Eli Manning\"\nand two touchdowns with no interceptions. The Giants were the first team to beat an NFC number one seed in the divisional round since the start of the 12-team format in 1990. This victory secured an NFC Championship berth against the Green Bay Packers on Sunday, January 20, 2008. In the NFC Championship, the Giants beat the Packers in overtime, with a score of 23-20. The dramatic victory secured Manning and the Giants a trip to Super Bowl XLII. This was the first Super Bowl appearance for the New York Giants since Super Bowl XXXV in 2001, and their first", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 21 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3803472", "chunk_text": "\"Logos and uniforms of the New York Giants\"\n\"\"giant quarterback\"\" logo is illustrative of the evolution of both the Giants and the sport that they play. Initially, the giant quarterback towers above the New York City skyline, then Yankee Stadium (the team's home from 1956–1973), and finally Giants Stadium (their home from 1976–2009). Previous to his current incarnation, the logo-bound giant quarterbacks executed a \"\"stiff-arm\"\" as part of his pass wind-up and wore a helmet with no face mask. The current giant quarterback prepares to throw without a stiff-arm and wears current NFL gear, including a helmet with a facemask. Since 1949, the Giants have worn blue helmets,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 22 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14012795", "chunk_text": "\"New York Giants\"\nwould become the team's head coach. He replaced Tom Coughlin, who had resigned the previous week. The Giants turned it around in 2016, ending their five-year playoff drought. The Giants later lost to the Green Bay Packers 38–13 in the Wild Card round. After having high expectations due to their 11–5 record in 2016, the Giants had an unexpected 0–5 start to the season, before pulling a massive upset versus the Broncos at Sports Authority Field at Mile High for their first win of the season. However, during the Week 5 game against the Los Angeles Chargers, Odell Beckham Jr.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 23 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4870958", "chunk_text": "\"New York Giants\"\nas all-pro running back Alex Webster. The Giants' 1956 championship team not only included players who would eventually find their way to the Pro Football Hall of Fame, but a Hall of Fame coaching staff, as well. Head coach Jim Lee Howell's staff had Vince Lombardi coaching the offense and Tom Landry coaching the defense. From 1958 to 1963, the Giants played in the NFL Championship Game five times, but failed to win. Most significantly, the Giants played the Colts in the 1958 NFL Championship Game, which is considered a event in the history of the NFL. The game, which", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 24 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5972280", "chunk_text": "\"History of the New York Giants (1994–present)\"\nalong with General Manager Jerry Reese. Defensive Coordinator Steve Spagnolo was named Interim Head Coach and Eli Manning was reinstalled as starting Quarterback. History of the New York Giants (1994–present) The New York Giants, an American football team which currently plays in the NFL's National Football Conference, have qualified for the postseason seven times since 1994. With the retirement of Phil Simms and Lawrence Taylor — two of the most important figures in franchise history – after the 1993 season, the Giants entered a new era. After a successful 1993 season, the Giants struggled under head coach Dan Reeves, and", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 25 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12652473", "chunk_text": "\"New York Giants\"\ntheir longtime owner by defeating the Redskins 36–0 at home. The Giants lead this series 100–68–4. The Giants 100 wins against the Redskins are the most wins against another franchise in NFL history. The Giants have maintained a fierce divisional rivalry with the Dallas Cowboys since the Cowboys first began play in 1960. The two teams have a combined nine Super Bowl victories between them, and have played many games in which the NFC East title was at stake. The rivalry is unique among professional sports as it is the only divisional rivalry between sports teams from New York City", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 26 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12652477", "chunk_text": "\"New York Giants\"\nthe overall regular season series 8–5 and have won five of the past six meetings. In the Pro Football Hall of Fame, the Giants boast the second-most enshrined members with 29. Tim Mara, Mel Hein, Pete Henry, Cal Hubbard and Jim Thorpe were a part of the original class of inductees in 1963, while Defensive End Michael Strahan, the most recent Giant inducted, was a part of the Class of 2014. Numerous members, including Larry Csonka, Ray Flaherty, Joe Guyon, Pete Henry, Arnie Herber, Cal Hubbard, Tom Landry, Don Maynard, Hugh McElhenny, and Jim Thorpe were at one time associated", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 27 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4590935", "chunk_text": "\"History of the New York Giants (1994–present)\"\nplayoffs in his first year as head coach. On December 11, 2016, during a Sunday Night Football game against the Dallas Cowboys, McAdoo was fined $200,000 for illegally using a walkie talkie on the field. 2017, McAdoo's 2nd season as Giants' Head Coach, would prove much more challenging. An inept offense and under-performing defense, paired with season ending injuries to star wide receiver Odell Beckham Jr, resulted in a slow start the young Head Coach could not overcome. Disciplinary issues followed as mid-season suspensions were handed out to defensive stars Janoris Jenkins and Dominique Rogers-Cromartie. There was also speculation Corner-back", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 28 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4870990", "chunk_text": "\"New York Giants\"\nfor the Giants. With the victory, the Giants advanced to the second round against the top-ranked Green Bay Packers. On January 15, 2012, the Giants defeated the Green Bay Packers 37–20. Eli Manning threw for 330 yards and 3 touchdowns, two of which to wide receiver Hakeem Nicks. This earned the Giants a spot in the NFC Championship Game on January 22, 2012, against the San Francisco 49ers. They won this game 20–17, in overtime, with Tynes scoring the winning field goal as he did four years earlier in the same game against the Packers. The New York Giants won", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 29 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4590914", "chunk_text": "\"History of the New York Giants (1994–present)\"\nNFC top seed Dallas Cowboys, winning their ninth consecutive road game. In the NFC championship, kicker Lawrence Tynes made a final field goal for a 23–20 overtime win over the Packers in Green Bay. This made the Giants 4–0 in NFC championship games, and they advanced to Super Bowl XLII. In Super Bowl XLII on February 3, 2008, the New York Giants defeated the New England Patriots 17–14. The biggest play of the game was on third down on the Giants 44-yard line with 1:15 remaining. They were down 14–10 After the snap, Manning ran back and was surrounded by", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 30 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19671935", "chunk_text": "\"History of the New York Giants (1994–present)\"\nthe Giants fortunes improved and they made the playoffs several times. Led by free agent acquisition quarterback Kerry Collins, the Fassel era included an appearance in Super Bowl XXXV, where they lost to the Baltimore Ravens. Although there was success, the Fassel era was also marked by inconsistency, and he was fired after the 2003 season. Fassel was replaced by Tom Coughlin who served as head coach from 2004 to 2015. The Giants acquired their current starting quarterback Eli Manning via a draft day trade from the San Diego Chargers. Manning had been the quarterback at University of Mississippi, and", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 31 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8778135", "chunk_text": "\"San Francisco Giants\"\nsix pennants and three World Series championships since arriving in San Francisco. Those three championships have come in 2010, 2012, and most recently in 2014, having defeated the Kansas City Royals four games to three during the 2014 World Series. The Giants are the only major professional sports team based in the City and County of San Francisco, following the San Francisco 49ers' relocation to Santa Clara in 2014. They will be joined by the Golden State Warriors once they move to the Chase Center in 2019. The Giants began as the second baseball club founded by millionaire tobacconist John", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 32 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4871010", "chunk_text": "\"New York Giants\"\nnot entitled to a ticker-tape parade in New York City. On February 5, 2008, the city, under mayor Michael Bloomberg, threw a ticker tape parade in honor of the Giants' Super Bowl XLII victory at the Canyon of Heroes in lower Manhattan. New York City held another ticker tape parade on February 7, 2012, in honor of the Giants' Super Bowl XLVI victory. According to a team spokesman, in 2001, 52 percent of the Giants' season ticket-holders lived in New Jersey. Most of the remaining ticket holders lived in New York State with some coming from other states. Through the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 33 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11437682", "chunk_text": "\"Financial history of the New York Giants\"\nhad to return the $1 million to Trump; the Giants were required to pay Trump $750,000 over the next five seasons in order for Trump to release Taylor's rights; and Taylor was given a new six-year $6.2-million contract by the Giants. With Taylor retained, the Giants won two Super Bowls; in 1986, led by Taylor, who won the league's Most Valuable Player award, they defeated the Denver Broncos in Super Bowl XXI, and in 1990, they defeated the Buffalo Bills in Super Bowl XXV. The decision to put football matters in the hands of Young was a key factor in", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 34 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4870957", "chunk_text": "\"New York Giants\"\nthen has ended in a scoreless tie. The Giants were particularly successful from the latter half of the 1930s until the United States entry into World War II. They added their third NFL championship in 1938 with a 23–17 win over the Green Bay Packers. They did not win another league title until 1956, the first year the team began playing at Yankee Stadium in the Bronx borough of New York City. Aided by a number of future Pro Football Hall of Fame players such as running back Frank Gifford, linebacker Sam Huff, and offensive tackle Roosevelt Brown, as well", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 35 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15120897", "chunk_text": "\"Super Bowl XLII\"\nSuper Bowl XLII Super Bowl XLII was an American football game between the National Football Conference (NFC) champion New York Giants and the American Football Conference (AFC) champion New England Patriots to decide the National Football League (NFL) champion for the 2007 season. The Giants defeated the Patriots by the score of 17–14. The game was played on February 3, 2008 at the University of Phoenix Stadium in Glendale, Arizona. The game is regarded as one of the biggest upsets in the history of professional sports, as well as one of the finest Super Bowl games. The Patriots entered the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 36 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14012779", "chunk_text": "\"New York Giants\"\nback of the end zone to put the Giants in the lead. It was the third biggest upset by betting line in Super Bowl history (the Baltimore Colts were favored by 17 over the New York Jets in Super Bowl III, and the St. Louis Rams were favored by 14 over the New England Patriots in Super Bowl XXXVI). Co-owner John Mara described it as \"\"the greatest victory in the history of this franchise, without question\"\". The Giants began the 2008 NFL season with a record of 11–1, but lost three of their last four regular season games partially due", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 37 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18025195", "chunk_text": "\"2007 New York Giants season\"\non a neutral field rather than an opponent's stadium. It was the 7th league championship season for the New York Giants and their first since they won Super Bowl XXV in 1991. 2007 marked the third consecutive season that the Giants made the playoffs, which was only the second time that had happened since the AFL-NFL merger in 1970 (New York accomplished this feat in 1984, 1985, and 1986 and won the Super Bowl in the last of those three years). Tom Coughlin joined Bill Parcells (who led the team to the playoffs five times), Steve Owen, and Allie Sherman", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 38 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17032993", "chunk_text": "\"History of the New York Giants (1979–93)\"\n1990s. Led by a run-oriented offense and a defense nicknamed the \"\"Big Blue Wrecking Crew\"\", the team qualified for the postseason six times in 10 seasons from 1981 to 1990. During that period, they won Super Bowl XXI (1987) and Super Bowl XXV (1991). The period encompasses the careers of quarterback Phil Simms and linebacker Lawrence Taylor, two of the most accomplished players in team history. Simms was drafted to little fanfare from tiny Morehead State University in 1979, and struggled in his initial seasons before becoming a Pro Bowl quarterback. Taylor was the second selection in the 1981 NFL", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 39 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9923147", "chunk_text": "\"History of the New York Giants\"\nEli Manning was the game's MVP, defeating Tom Brady for a second time in the Super Bowl. Despite winning 2 Super Bowl championships in 5 years, the 2012 (9-7), 2013 (7-9), and 2014 (6-10) seasons saw the Giants missing the playoffs 3 years in a row. A bright spot of the 2014 season was rookie Odell Beckham Jr., who burst onto the scene catching 91 passes on 132 targets, for 1,305 yards and 12 touchdowns, and in doing so winning Offensive Rookie of the Year. The Giants struggled in 2015, finishing 6-10 again and third in the NFC East due", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 40 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "569421", "chunk_text": "\"Big Blue Wrecking Crew\"\nrespective Super Bowl appearances. Source: Source: Big Blue Wrecking Crew The Big Blue Wrecking Crew was the defense for the New York Giants during the 1980s that won two Super Bowl Championships, the first in Super Bowl XXI in 1986 and the other in Super Bowl XXV in 1990. A 3-4 defense, it was among the greatest NFL defenses of all time, and featured Lawrence Taylor as its star, considered by many to be the greatest defensive player in NFL history. The New York Giants, while historically a successful franchise, suffered a long playoff drought lasting from 1964 after losing", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 41 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5293985", "chunk_text": "\"History of the New York Giants (1994–present)\"\nbroke up several Brady pass attempts. A last-second throw into the end zone by the Patriots QB was thwarted and the Giants had won their second Super Bowl 21–17 in four years at New England's expense. After several disappointing seasons, Coughlin retired after the end of the 2015 season as head coach and replaced with previous offensive coordinator Ben McAdoo. McAdoo brought the Giants to an 11-5 record and their first playoff berth since 2011 with a much improved defense (despite a mediocre offense). He was the first Giants coach since Jim Fassel in 1997 to bring them to the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 42 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14012796", "chunk_text": "\"New York Giants\"\nfractured his fibula, an injury that ended his season. During the same game, the Giants also lost wide receivers Brandon Marshall and Dwayne Harris to season-ending injuries. The season was also marred by suspensions of Dominique Rodgers-Cromartie and Janoris Jenkins. The Giants finished the 2017 season with a 3–13 record, marking the first time since 1983 in which the Giants finished the regular season with three or less wins. The Giants earned the second overall pick in the 2018 NFL Draft with the second lowest winning percentage during the 2017 season, and used it to pick Saquon Barkley from Penn", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 43 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "204115", "chunk_text": "\"Super Bowl\"\nXXVI. The Giants claimed Super Bowls XXI and XXV. As in the 1970s, the Oakland Raiders were the only team to interrupt the Super Bowl dominance of other teams; they won Super Bowls XV and XVIII (the latter as the Los Angeles Raiders). Following several seasons with poor records in the 1980s, the Dallas Cowboys rose back to prominence in the 1990s. During this decade, the Cowboys made post-season appearances every year except for the seasons of 1990 and 1997. From 1992 to 1996, the Cowboys won their division championship each year. In this same period, the Buffalo Bills had", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 44 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "969857", "chunk_text": "\"Super Bowl XLII\"\n2004 World Series, towards Patriots fans as they left the stadium, referring to the Patriots' final record. The same chant was also heard by Giants players and fans during the parade and rallies. Super Bowl XLII Super Bowl XLII was an American football game between the National Football Conference (NFC) champion New York Giants and the American Football Conference (AFC) champion New England Patriots to decide the National Football League (NFL) champion for the 2007 season. The Giants defeated the Patriots by the score of 17–14. The game was played on February 3, 2008 at the University of Phoenix Stadium", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 45 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12812082", "chunk_text": "\"Super Bowl XXI\"\nSuper Bowl XXI Super Bowl XXI was an American football game between the American Football Conference (AFC) champion Denver Broncos and the National Football Conference (NFC) champion New York Giants to decide the National Football League (NFL) champion for the 1986 season. The Giants defeated the Broncos by the score of 39–20, winning their first ever Super Bowl, and their first NFL title since 1956. The game was played on January 25, 1987, at the Rose Bowl in Pasadena, California. This was the Broncos' first Super Bowl appearance since the 1977 season. Led largely through the play of quarterback John", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 46 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4871009", "chunk_text": "\"New York Giants\"\nAnheuser Busch, Toyota, and Verizon Wireless. Recent former sponsors include Miller Brewing and North Fork Bank. Luxury suites, retail and game day concessions at the new stadium are provisioned and operated by global hospitality giant Delaware North. The team's average ticket price is $72. The Giants draw their fans from the New York metropolitan area. Since their move to New Jersey in 1976, fans from each state have claimed the team as their own. In January 1987, shortly before the team won Super Bowl XXI, then New York City mayor Ed Koch labeled the team \"\"foreigners\"\" and said they were", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 47 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4870968", "chunk_text": "\"New York Giants\"\n49ers defeated the Giants 21–10 in the Divisional Round. The 1985 Giants compiled a 10–6 record and avenged their loss against San Francisco by beating them in the Wild Card round 17–3. However, they again lost in the Divisional Round, this time to the eventual Super Bowl champion Bears, by a score of 21–0. However, the following season would end with the Giants winning their first Super Bowl championship. After 9–7 and 10–6 finishes in 1984 and 1985 respectively, the Giants compiled a 14–2 record in 1986 led by league MVP and Defensive Player of the Year Lawrence Taylor and", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 48 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4871008", "chunk_text": "\"New York Giants\"\nThe Giants are owned and operated by John Mara and Steve Tisch. \"\"Forbes\"\" magazine estimated the value of the team in 2012 to be $1.3 billion. This ranks the New York Giants as the fourth most valuable franchise in the NFL and the ninth most valuable professional sports franchise in the world. The value has steadily increased from $288 million in 1998, to their current value. The magazine estimated their revenue in 2006 at $182 million, of which $46 million came from gate receipts. Operating income was $26.9 million, and player salary was $102 million. Current major sponsors include Gatorade,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 49 } ]
test_3415	who plays the voice of the hormone monster?	n/a	[ "Nick Kroll" ]	[]	n/a	n/a	n/a	[]	[ { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5379257", "chunk_text": "\"Growth hormone deficiency\"\nradiotherapy, although exact rates are hard to obtain. The incidence of genuine adult-onset GHD, normally due to pituitary tumours, is estimated at 10 per million. Like many other 19th century medical terms which lost precise meaning as they gained wider currency, \"\"midget\"\" as a term for someone with severe proportional shortness acquired pejorative connotations and is no longer used in a medical context. Notable modern pop cultural figures with growth hormone deficiency include actor and comedian Andy Milonakis, who has the appearance and voice of an adolescent boy despite being in his early 40s. Growth hormone deficiency Growth hormone deficiency", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 0 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14772305", "chunk_text": "\"Robert Axelrod (actor)\"\nRobert Axelrod (actor) Robert Axelrod (born May 29, 1949; also credited as Axel Roberts and Myron Mensah), is an American actor who has been in several movies and lent his voice to television shows including \"\"Digimon\"\", having started vocal acting for the English-language versions of anime in 1980. Two of his best known roles was that of Lord Zedd, the main antagonist of the \"\"Mighty Morphin Power Rangers\"\", and Finster, the original \"\"Mighty Morphin Power Rangers\"\" monster maker. He also portrayed a Paul McCartney look-alike on the popular sitcom, \"\"Family Matters\"\", and more recently has appeared in several productions by", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 1 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14772306", "chunk_text": "\"Robert Axelrod (actor)\"\ncomedy duo Tim & Eric. Robert Axelrod (actor) Robert Axelrod (born May 29, 1949; also credited as Axel Roberts and Myron Mensah), is an American actor who has been in several movies and lent his voice to television shows including \"\"Digimon\"\", having started vocal acting for the English-language versions of anime in 1980. Two of his best known roles was that of Lord Zedd, the main antagonist of the \"\"Mighty Morphin Power Rangers\"\", and Finster, the original \"\"Mighty Morphin Power Rangers\"\" monster maker. He also portrayed a Paul McCartney look-alike on the popular sitcom, \"\"Family Matters\"\", and more recently has", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 2 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1040120", "chunk_text": "\"Conrad Vernon\"\nfilm, \"\"Monsters vs. Aliens\"\". Follow the release of MVA, Vernon was brought on by one of the aforementioned movie's stars Seth Rogen to direct his raunchy, adult animated comedy \"\"Sausage Party.\"\" He accepted the offer, and the latter film was released on August 12, 2016. A month after the film's premiere, Vernon is helmed to direct a remake of \"\"The Toxic Avenger\"\". Conrad Vernon Conrad Vernon (born July 11, 1968) is an American voice actor, director, writer and storyboard artist best known for his work on the DreamWorks animated film series \"\"Shrek\"\" as well as other films such as \"\"Monsters", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 3 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15404109", "chunk_text": "\"Monsters vs. Aliens\"\nMonsters vs. Aliens Monsters vs. Aliens is a 2009 American 3D computer-animated comedy film produced by DreamWorks Animation and distributed by Paramount Pictures. It was DreamWorks Animation's first feature film to be directly produced in a stereoscopic 3-D format instead of being converted into 3-D after completion, which added $15 million to the film's budget. The film was directed by Conrad Vernon and Rob Letterman, and features the voices of Reese Witherspoon, Seth Rogen, Hugh Laurie, Will Arnett, Kiefer Sutherland, Rainn Wilson, Paul Rudd, and Stephen Colbert. The film was released on March 27, 2009 in the United States, grossing", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 4 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13763247", "chunk_text": "\"David Hyde Pierce\"\nApril 20, 2017 at the Shubert Theatre. Pierce received a 2017 Drama League award nomination for \"\"Hello, Dolly!\"\" and \"\"A Life\"\". Pierce is known for his distinctive voice and, like his \"\"Frasier\"\" co-star, Kelsey Grammer, is often called upon to provide voice work. His notable roles include the narrator of the movie \"\"The Mating Habits of the Earthbound Human\"\" in 1999, walking stick insect Slim in \"\"A Bug's Life\"\", Doctor Delbert Doppler in Disney's film \"\"Treasure Planet\"\", and the amphibian Abe Sapien in \"\"Hellboy\"\". Pierce refused credit for his \"\"Hellboy\"\" role because he felt it was the performance of Doug", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 5 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14509630", "chunk_text": "\"Jeff Doucette\"\nthe lifetime achievement award of the International Student Film Festival Hollywood (ISFFH) He also played the main antagonist in the Bollywood film \"\"Hisss\"\", and played the role of the panicky bladder in the Disney World attraction Cranium Command. Jeff Doucette Jeff Doucette (born November 25, 1947) is an American television and film actor. Doucette has appeared in over 92 films and television series which include \"\"Splash\"\", \"\"All The Way\"\", \"\"The Dentist 2\"\", \"\"Desperate Housewives\"\", \"\"Weird Science\"\", and \"\"Newhart\"\". He has been used as a voice actor in a number of animated movies. Doucette grew up in Milwaukee, Wisconsin, as the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 6 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3818852", "chunk_text": "\"Dan Milano\"\nNeil Moritz and run by Steve Levitan. Milano exec-produced, wrote and performed on the series as characters \"\"Greg the Bunny\"\" and \"\"Warren the Ape,\"\" alongside co-stars Sarah Silverman, Seth Green and Eugene Levy. The relationship with Seth Green led to Milano's involvement as a writer and voice actor on \"\"Robot Chicken\"\", \"\"Titan Maximum\"\" and \"\"\"\". Meanwhile, Milano and then-writing partner sold a spec feature to Laura Ziskin and Sony Pictures, called \"\"Me & My Monster.\"\" Developed with effects wizard Stan Winston, the movie was in development with such directors as Neil Jordan, McG, and Jon Favreau (the latter having also", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 7 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15153225", "chunk_text": "\"Monsters vs. Aliens (franchise)\"\nconverted into 3-D after completion, which added $15 million to the film's budget. The film was scheduled for a May 2009 release, but the release date was moved to March 27, 2009. It was released on DVD and Blu-ray September 29, 2009, in North America and included the easter egg to the upcoming movies and previews. The film features the voices of Reese Witherspoon, Seth Rogen, Hugh Laurie, Will Arnett, Conrad Vernon, Rainn Wilson, Kiefer Sutherland, Stephen Colbert, and Paul Rudd. In April 2011, Jeffrey Katzenberg commented that the studio did not have plans to produce future movie genre parodies,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 8 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7593844", "chunk_text": "\"Michael McConnohie\"\nMichael McConnohie Michael D. McConnohie (born July 23, 1951 in Mansfield, Ohio) is an American voice actor, writer and director who has provided many voice roles in movies, anime, and video games. He and fellow actress Melodee Spevack run a production company called VoxWorks. Some of his major works include the Narrator on \"\"Bobobo-bo Bo-bobo\"\" and \"\"Hunter x Hunter\"\", Azulongmon in \"\"Digimon\"\", Gork in \"\"Masked Rider\"\", Keiichi Ikari in \"\"Paranoia Agent\"\", Rolf Emerson in \"\"Robotech\"\", Manzou the Saw in \"\"Samurai Champloo\"\", Cosmos and Tracks in \"\"Transformers\"\", Hot Shot / Ironhide in \"\"\"\", D in \"\"Vampire Hunter D\"\", Chief Inquisitor Margulis", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 9 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13840495", "chunk_text": "\"Brad Garrett\"\nGarrett played a recurring character in \"\"The Crazy Ones\"\". On May 19, 2016, he was confirmed to appear as the voice of Krang, in the sci-fi action comedy film \"\"\"\". In November 2016, Garrett portrayed Frankenstein's monster in a Christmas commercial for Apple's iPhone 7. As of 2017, the ad has received over seven million views. In 1998, Garrett proposed to his then-girlfriend, Jill Diven, on the set of \"\"Everybody Loves Raymond\"\", and they were married on May 18, 1999; together they have two children, Maxwell and Hope. Garrett and Diven separated in 2005, and Diven filed for divorce in", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 10 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8711947", "chunk_text": "\"Conrad Vernon\"\nConrad Vernon Conrad Vernon (born July 11, 1968) is an American voice actor, director, writer and storyboard artist best known for his work on the DreamWorks animated film series \"\"Shrek\"\" as well as other films such as \"\"Monsters vs. Aliens\"\", \"\"\"\" and \"\"Penguins of Madagascar\"\". He also co directed the adult animated film, \"\"Sausage Party\"\", which is a spoof of his notable works in DreamWorks. Vernon, a native of Lubbock, Texas, studied at CalArts and worked as a storyboard artist on \"\"Cool World\"\", \"\"2 Stupid Dogs\"\", \"\"Rocko's Modern Life\"\", \"\"Nightmare Ned\"\" and \"\"Morto the Magician\"\". In 1996, he joined DreamWorks,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 11 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16188164", "chunk_text": "\"Seán Cullen\"\nHe also wrote the second book in that series, \"\"The Prince of Two Tribes\"\" Seán Cullen Seán Cullen (born August 29, 1965) is a Canadian actor, voice artist and stand-up comedian. He is known for combining improvisation with mimicry and music. Cullen has been described in \"\"Time\"\" as the \"\"vanguard of comedy's next generation\"\". He also is best known for providing voices of characters in shows like \"\"Best Ed\"\", \"\"Seven Little Monsters,\"\" and \"\"Almost Naked Animals\"\". Cullen entered into the public eye in 1987 as a member of musical comedy group Corky and the Juice Pigs. Corky and the Juice", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 12 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16188151", "chunk_text": "\"Seán Cullen\"\nSeán Cullen Seán Cullen (born August 29, 1965) is a Canadian actor, voice artist and stand-up comedian. He is known for combining improvisation with mimicry and music. Cullen has been described in \"\"Time\"\" as the \"\"vanguard of comedy's next generation\"\". He also is best known for providing voices of characters in shows like \"\"Best Ed\"\", \"\"Seven Little Monsters,\"\" and \"\"Almost Naked Animals\"\". Cullen entered into the public eye in 1987 as a member of musical comedy group Corky and the Juice Pigs. Corky and the Juice Pigs toured the world, winning awards at the Edinburgh Fringe & performing at Just", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 13 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8890038", "chunk_text": "\"Chase Ellison\"\nChase Ellison Chase Ellison (born September 22, 1993) is an American actor. He is best known for his roles in \"\"Mysterious Skin\"\", \"\"Tooth Fairy\"\", and \"\"The Boy Who Cried Werewolf\"\". Ellison was born in Reno, Nevada, and lives with his parents and two siblings in San Diego. He began his acting career at the age of six, working in commercials and modeling for several print campaigns. He segued into television, landing a guest star role on \"\"Family Law\"\", then on \"\"Boomtown\"\", \"\"Malcolm in the Middle\"\", \"\"7th Heaven\"\", \"\"Providence\"\", \"\"The Division\"\". He played a supporting role in George Bamber's \"\"The Mostly", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 14 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12800992", "chunk_text": "\"Richard Steven Horvitz\"\nRichard Steven Horvitz Richard Steven Horvitz (born July 29, 1966), sometimes credited as Richard Wood, is an American actor and voice actor. In the world of animation, he has voiced mentally unstable and neurotic characters. He is known for his work as the voice of the original Alpha 5 in \"\"Mighty Morphin Power Rangers\"\", \"\"Power Rangers Zeo\"\", and \"\"Power Rangers Turbo\"\", Razputin \"\"Raz\"\" Aquato in \"\"Psychonauts\"\", Kaos in the \"\"Skylanders\"\" franchise, Billy and his father Harold in \"\"The Grim Adventures of Billy & Mandy\"\", Grey Matter in \"\"Ben 10\"\", Daggett in \"\"The Angry Beavers\"\", Bumble in \"\"Kinectimals\"\", the title character", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 15 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7847196", "chunk_text": "\"Mike Pollock (voice actor)\"\nMike Pollock (voice actor) Michael B. Pollock (born March 9, 1965) is an American voice actor best known as the voice of Doctor Eggman in the \"\"Sonic the Hedgehog\"\" franchise, as well as many characters in various anime English-language dubs and video games. He provided voices for the narrator, Raoul Contesta, and Drayden in the \"\"Pokémon series\"\", Adon Coborlwitz from \"\"Berserk\"\", Meat from \"\"Ultimate Muscle\"\", Langston Lickatoad from \"\"Viva Piñata\"\", Suikyou from the \"\"Ikki Tousen\"\" series and Beast in the motion comic adaptation of \"\"Astonishing X-Men\"\". Pollock worked in radio in Upstate New York in the 1980s. He graduated from", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 16 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15760733", "chunk_text": "\"Michael Sorich\"\nMichael Sorich Michael John Sorich (born March 23, 1958) is an American actor, voice actor, writer, director and voice director. Sorich has been a prominent and ever-present voice actor for many different characters in the \"\"Power Rangers\"\" franchise (until the end of the \"\"\"\" series), as well as related or similar Saban series such as \"\"Masked Rider\"\", \"\"VR Troopers\"\", and \"\"Big Bad Beetleborgs/Beetleborgs Metallix\"\". Some of his more well-known roles included the voices of Squatt in \"\"Mighty Morphin Power Rangers\"\", Decimator and Zelton in \"\"VR Troopers\"\", Roboborg in \"\"Beetleborgs Metallix\"\", and Double Face in \"\"Masked Rider\"\". He has also had", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 17 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20337740", "chunk_text": "\"Stephen R. Hart\"\nStephen R. Hart Stephen R. Hart (born March 11, 1958) is a Canadian actor known for his height (6'11\"\") and deep voice. He is also known for his role as \"\"The Voice\"\" on The Current. Hazel-eyed, with pitch black hair and clothes, Hart has a reputation for playing sinister villains. His credits include notable films such as \"\"\"\", \"\"Silent Hill\"\", \"\"Shoot 'Em Up\"\" and \"\"Max Payne\"\". He also played the main antagonist in an episode of the NBC series \"\"Fear Itself\"\". Hart grew up in Ontario, Canada. A bit of a rebel during his teen years, he chafed at the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 18 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5590991", "chunk_text": "\"Holter Graham\"\nHolter Graham Holter Ford Graham (born February 11, 1972) is an American actor and voice actor from Baltimore, Maryland. He appeared in his first film, Stephen King’s \"\"Maximum Overdrive\"\", at age thirteen. He is best known for his film work in the original John Waters’s \"\"Hairspray\"\"; the Oscar-nominated \"\"Fly Away Home\"\"; \"\"Six Ways to Sunday\"\"; \"\"Spin the Bottle\"\"; and \"\"Offspring\"\", as well as his television work on \"\"Damages\"\", \"\"Rescue Me\"\", \"\"Law & Order\"\", \"\"Army Wives\"\", and \"\"New York Undercover\"\". From 2008 – 2010, Graham was the co-host of Planet Green’s groundbreaking environmental program, \"\"Wasted\"\". Since 2000, he has been the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 19 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "24940", "chunk_text": "\"Billy Crystal\"\nBilly Crystal William Edward Crystal (born March 14, 1948) is an American actor, writer, producer, director, comedian, and television host. He gained prominence in the 1970s for playing Jodie Dallas on the ABC sitcom \"\"Soap\"\" and became a Hollywood film star during the late 1980s and 1990s, appearing in the critical and box office successes \"\"When Harry Met Sally...\"\" (1989), \"\"City Slickers\"\" (1991), and \"\"Analyze This\"\" (1999) and providing the voice of Mike Wazowski in the \"\"Monsters, Inc.\"\" franchise. He has hosted the Academy Awards nine times, beginning in 1990 and most recently in 2012. Crystal was born at Doctors", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 20 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9002588", "chunk_text": "\"Villains in Mighty Morphin Power Rangers\"\nand Mordant. In both the series and the film, he is voiced by Kerrigan Mahan. In \"\"MMPR: The Movie\"\", his suit actor is Kerry Casey. In the video game \"\"Power Rangers: Super Legends\"\", he is voiced by Nolan North. Goldar appears as a secondary antagonist in the 2017 movie reboot with his vocal effects provided by Fred Tatasciore. He appears as a giant gargoyle-like monster made purely out of gold. Goldar serves as the monster Rita creates, stealing gold from jewelry stores and even dental implants to manifest the monster. As Rita orders Goldar to retrieve the Zeo Crystal from", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 21 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5426399", "chunk_text": "\"John Gemberling\"\nfor Comedy Central's \"\"The President Show\"\", where he also has a recurring role as Steve Bannon. Gemberling also has a recurring role as Bevers on the Comedy Central series \"\"Broad City\"\". Gemberling portrayed John Belushi in the Netflix film \"\"A Futile and Stupid Gesture\"\", a biopic of \"\"National Lampoon\"\" co-founder Douglas Kenney. In 2018, he voiced Doofus Drake in \"\"Ducktales\"\". He also voiced Tyler the Hormone Monster in season 2 of the Netflix series \"\"Big Mouth\"\". Gemberling is married to comedic actress Andrea Rosen and they have two sons. John Gemberling John Gemberling (born February 1, 1981) is an American", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 22 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15323449", "chunk_text": "\"Cranium Command\"\nduring the performance. Helping him pilot the twelve-year-old named Bobby (also acted by Scott Curtis), via appearances on other video screens, were the logical Left Brain (Charles Grodin), the wacky Right Brain (Jon Lovitz), the hungry Stomach (George Wendt), the panicky Bladder who is also referred to as \"\"Elimination\"\" (Jeff Doucette, in an uncredited role), the Adrenal Gland (Bobcat Goldthwait) who was prone to overreacting, and the heart's Right and Left Ventricles (Dana Carvey and Kevin Nealon, reprising their Hans and Franz roles from Saturday Night Live). The monotone Hypothalamus (voiced by Kirk Wise), which regulated autonomic bodily functions, was", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 23 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14505655", "chunk_text": "\"Monster House (film)\"\nMonster House (film) Monster House is a 2006 American 3D computer-animated horror comedy film directed by Gil Kenan in his directorial debut from a screenplay by Dan Harmon, Rob Schrab and Pamela Pettler about a neighborhood being terrorized by a demonic haunted house. Starring the voices of Mitchel Musso, Sam Lerner, Spencer Locke, Steve Buscemi, Maggie Gyllenhaal, Kevin James, Nick Cannon, Jason Lee, Fred Willard, Catherine O'Hara and Kathleen Turner, the film features human characters animated using live-action motion capture animation. Produced by Robert Zemeckis' ImageMovers and Steven Spielberg's Amblin Entertainment, the film was released theatrically by Columbia Pictures on", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 24 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5590994", "chunk_text": "\"Holter Graham\"\naward-winning author, professor, and education activist Neela Vaswani. In 2010, he was diagnosed with acute lymphoblastic leukemia and had a successful bone marrow transplant. In this section, the date of publication of the audiobook, not the original work, is shown. Holter Graham Holter Ford Graham (born February 11, 1972) is an American actor and voice actor from Baltimore, Maryland. He appeared in his first film, Stephen King’s \"\"Maximum Overdrive\"\", at age thirteen. He is best known for his film work in the original John Waters’s \"\"Hairspray\"\"; the Oscar-nominated \"\"Fly Away Home\"\"; \"\"Six Ways to Sunday\"\"; \"\"Spin the Bottle\"\"; and \"\"Offspring\"\",", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 25 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2850695", "chunk_text": "\"Josh Gad\"\nJosh Gad Joshua Ilan Gad (born February 23, 1981) is an American actor, comedian and singer. He is known for voicing Olaf in \"\"Frozen\"\", playing Elder Arnold Cunningham in the Broadway musical \"\"The Book of Mormon\"\", and LeFou in the live action adaptation of Disney's \"\"Beauty and the Beast\"\". He has also appeared in \"\"ER\"\", \"\"The Daily Show\"\", \"\"Modern Family\"\", \"\"New Girl\"\", \"\"Bored to Death\"\", and \"\"Numb3rs\"\". Gad played Skip Gilchrist in the political sitcom \"\"1600 Penn\"\" on NBC, and a fictionalized version of himself on FX's \"\"The Comedians\"\", alongside Billy Crystal. His other film roles include \"\"The Rocker\"\", \"\"The", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 26 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20240374", "chunk_text": "\"Jeff Goldblum\"\nannounced on the January 11, 2017, episode of \"\"Conan\"\" that Emilie was pregnant with their second child. Their second child, a boy named River Joe, was born April 7, 2017. Jeff Goldblum has contributed as a voice actor to the following games : Jeff Goldblum Jeffrey Lynn Goldblum (; born October 22, 1952) is an American actor. He has starred in some of the highest-grossing films of his era, \"\"Jurassic Park\"\" (1993) and \"\"Independence Day\"\" (1996), as well as their respective sequels, \"\"\"\" (1997) and \"\"\"\" (2018), and \"\"\"\" (2016). Goldblum starred in films including \"\"Invasion of the Body Snatchers\"\"", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 27 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1894496", "chunk_text": "\"George Buza\"\n\"\"Dog City\"\", \"\"Pecola\"\", \"\"Monster Force\"\", \"\"Franny's Feet\"\" and \"\"Tales from the Cryptkeeper\"\". He also provided his voice talents to the \"\"Medabots\"\" and \"\"Power Stone\"\" video games. In 1992 he was nominated for a Gemini Award for Best Performance in a Comedy Program or Series (Individual or Ensemble for \"\"Maniac Mansion\"\". He was nominated again in 2001 for Best Ensemble Performance in a Comedy Program or Series for \"\"The Red Green Show\"\". George Buza George Buza (born January 7, 1949) is an American-born Canadian actor who is best known for voicing Beast in the \"\"X-Men Animated Series\"\". Born in Cleveland, Ohio,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 28 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16552834", "chunk_text": "\"Tom Noonan\"\nTom Noonan Tom Noonan (born April 12, 1951) is an American actor, director, and screenwriter, perhaps best known for his role as Francis Dollarhyde in \"\"Manhunter\"\" (1986), Frankenstein's Monster in \"\"The Monster Squad\"\" (1987), Cain in \"\"RoboCop 2\"\" (1990), The Ripper in \"\"Last Action Hero\"\" (1993), Bill Lacey in \"\"Tales from the Darkside\"\" (1984), Sammy Barnathan in \"\"Synecdoche, New York\"\" (2008) and as the voice of everyone else in \"\"Anomalisa\"\" (2015). Noonan was born in Greenwich, Connecticut, the son of Rosaleen and Tom Noonan, a jazz musician and dentist. He has an older brother, John Ford Noonan, a playwright, and", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 29 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3181606", "chunk_text": "\"Paul Colichman\"\nPaul Colichman Paul Colichman (born 1962) is an American media entrepreneur who founded the gay cable channel Here!. In 2008, John Waters nicknamed Colichman \"\"the gay Citizen Hearst.\"\" He is the CEO of Here Media, Inc. and has produced and/or distributed over 200 motion pictures and television series episodes, most notably Academy-award winning film Gods and Monsters, starring Ian McKellen, Brendan Fraser and Lynn Redgrave. Colichman serves as Chief Executive Officer of Here Media, Inc. Colichman is best known for producing the Academy Award winning film Gods and Monsters. With his longtime business partner Stephen P. Jarchow, Colichman has produced", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 30 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3918713", "chunk_text": "\"Jeff Doucette\"\nJeff Doucette Jeff Doucette (born November 25, 1947) is an American television and film actor. Doucette has appeared in over 92 films and television series which include \"\"Splash\"\", \"\"All The Way\"\", \"\"The Dentist 2\"\", \"\"Desperate Housewives\"\", \"\"Weird Science\"\", and \"\"Newhart\"\". He has been used as a voice actor in a number of animated movies. Doucette grew up in Milwaukee, Wisconsin, as the second of eight children from Elizabeth (Betty Andres) Doucette and William (Bill) Doucette. He attended Marquette University High School, and then went on to college at Lewis University in Romeoville, Illinois, where he became the first Theater Major", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 31 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1934760", "chunk_text": "\"Matt Frewer\"\nhouse in Marina del Rey, California. Matt Frewer Matthew George Frewer (born January 4, 1958) is an American Canadian actor, singer, voice artist and comedian. Acting since 1983, he is best known for portraying the 1980s icon Max Headroom and Doctor Leekie in the Canadian science fiction drama \"\"Orphan Black\"\" (2013–17). Frewer's most recent performances include a portrayal of \"\"General #2\"\" in the Steven Spielberg picture \"\"The BFG\"\" (2016) and the character Carnage in the Netflix series \"\"Altered Carbon\"\" in 2018. Frewer was born in Washington, D.C., the son of Gillian Anne (née German) and Captain (Ret'd) Frederick Charlesley Frewer,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 32 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12413312", "chunk_text": "\"Seth Green\"\nSeth Green Seth Benjamin Green (born Seth Benjamin Gesshel-Green; February 8, 1974) is an American actor, voice artist, producer, writer and director. He is best known as the co-creator, executive producer and most frequent voice on Adult Swim's \"\"Robot Chicken\"\" and has also directed the \"\"Robot Chicken\"\" \"\"Star Wars\"\" and \"\"DC Comics\"\" specials. His feature films include \"\"It\"\", \"\"Airborne\"\", \"\"The Italian Job\"\", \"\"Party Monster\"\", \"\"Can't Hardly Wait\"\", \"\"\"\", \"\"Without a Paddle\"\" and the \"\"Austin Powers\"\" series. Green is known for his roles as Chris Griffin on Fox's \"\"Family Guy\"\", Jimmy Bender on \"\"Greg the Bunny\"\" and Daniel \"\"Oz\"\" Osbourne on", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 33 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1734409", "chunk_text": "\"Drake Bell\"\nthe Dragonfly in Superhero Movie. He was also nominated for an award in 2014 in the Capital Twitter Awards for biggest Twitter feud with Justin Bieber. Drake Bell Jared Drake Bell (born June 27, 1986) is an American actor, voice actor, and musician. Born in Newport Beach, California, he began his career as an actor in the early 1990s at the age of five with his first televised appearance on \"\"Home Improvement\"\". Bell also appeared in several commercials, such as one for \"\"Pokémon Red\"\" and \"\"Blue\"\", but is best known for his starring roles on Nickelodeon's \"\"The Amanda Show\"\" and", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 34 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9343546", "chunk_text": "\"Terrence Mann\"\nTerrence Mann Terrence Vaughan Mann (born July 1, 1951) is an American actor, theatre director, and singer. He is chiefly known for his prominent appearances on the Broadway stage for the past three decades, including leading roles in the original Broadway casts of \"\"Barnum\"\", \"\"Cats\"\", \"\"Les Miserables\"\", and \"\"Beauty and the Beast\"\". He is a distinguished professor in musical theater at Western Carolina University in Cullowhee, North Carolina. In cinema he is best known for portraying the bounty hunter Ug in the \"\"Critters\"\" film series and Larry in \"\"A Chorus Line\"\". He stars as the villain Whispers in the Netflix", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 35 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5602171", "chunk_text": "\"Brennan Howard\"\nBrennan Howard Brennan Howard (born July 16, 1968 in Glendale, California) is an American actor and director. He has written, produced, directed, and starred in at least four films: \"\"Dick Richards\"\" (1996) featuring Ashley Judd, \"\"The Temple of Phenomenal Things\"\" (1997), \"\"Straighten Up America\"\" (2003), an ill-fated T.V. show known as \"\"GamePro TV\"\" (1991), and the voice of Cooler in 1988's \"\"Pound Puppies and the Legend of Big Paw.\"\" His directorial feature debut, \"\"Low\"\" (2008), premiered at the 10th Annual Method Fest Film Festival. A review from the L.A. Daily News entertainment section (\"\"LA.com\"\") cited that \"\"\"\"Low\"\" is the type", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 36 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8477647", "chunk_text": "\"Robby Benson\"\nRobby Benson Robin David Segal (born January 21, 1956), known by the stage name Robby Benson, is an American actor, voice actor, musician, singer, director, producer and educator. He is known as the voice of Beast in the Disney animated film \"\"Beauty and the Beast\"\" and its numerous sequels and spin-offs, and directed several episodes of the sitcom \"\"Friends\"\". Benson was born in Dallas, Texas, the son of Freda Ann (\"\"née\"\" Benson), a singer, actor, and business promotions manager, and Jerry Segal, a writer. His family is Jewish. Benson was raised in New York City and took his mother's maiden", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 37 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9919325", "chunk_text": "\"Matt Frewer\"\nMatt Frewer Matthew George Frewer (born January 4, 1958) is an American Canadian actor, singer, voice artist and comedian. Acting since 1983, he is best known for portraying the 1980s icon Max Headroom and Doctor Leekie in the Canadian science fiction drama \"\"Orphan Black\"\" (2013–17). Frewer's most recent performances include a portrayal of \"\"General #2\"\" in the Steven Spielberg picture \"\"The BFG\"\" (2016) and the character Carnage in the Netflix series \"\"Altered Carbon\"\" in 2018. Frewer was born in Washington, D.C., the son of Gillian Anne (née German) and Captain (Ret'd) Frederick Charlesley Frewer, a Royal Canadian Navy officer. He", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 38 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5163795", "chunk_text": "\"Oliver Wyman (actor)\"\nOliver Wyman (actor) Oliver Wyman is an American voice actor and narrator who has worked on many animated features, television shows, and video games. He has also narrated over 150 audiobooks. He is an award-winning narrator that has won three Audie Awards from the Audio Publisher's Association, fifteen Earphone Awards from AudioFile Magazine, and two Listen Up Awards from \"\"Publishers Weekly\"\". He is also known under the alias of Pete Zarustica. In anime and video games, Oliver is known as the voice of Drew from the \"\"Pokémon\"\" anime series, Morty Oyamada, Hang Zang-Ching and Boris Tepes Dracula from \"\"Shaman King\"\",", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 39 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13098060", "chunk_text": "\"Monsters University\"\nprequel and the title \"\"Monsters University\"\" was announced. On April 4, 2011, it was confirmed that the film will be released on June 21, 2013. The feature was directed by Dan Scanlon and produced by Kori Rae. Billy Crystal, John Goodman, Steve Buscemi, Bob Peterson, and John Ratzenberger reprised their roles, and Bonnie Hunt voiced a new character. New voice cast included Dave Foley, Sean Hayes, Julia Sweeney, Helen Mirren, Alfred Molina, Peter Sohn, Charlie Day, Joel Murray, Nathan Fillion, Aubrey Plaza, Tyler Labine, John Kransinski, Bill Hader, Bobby Moynihan, and Beth Behrs. The plot of \"\"Monsters University\"\" details Mike", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 40 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14795598", "chunk_text": "\"Robby Benson\"\npractices Transcendental Meditation. Robby Benson Robin David Segal (born January 21, 1956), known by the stage name Robby Benson, is an American actor, voice actor, musician, singer, director, producer and educator. He is known as the voice of Beast in the Disney animated film \"\"Beauty and the Beast\"\" and its numerous sequels and spin-offs, and directed several episodes of the sitcom \"\"Friends\"\". Benson was born in Dallas, Texas, the son of Freda Ann (\"\"née\"\" Benson), a singer, actor, and business promotions manager, and Jerry Segal, a writer. His family is Jewish. Benson was raised in New York City and took", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 41 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20337742", "chunk_text": "\"Stephen R. Hart\"\nDiablo a modern sideshow. Stunts included bending iron bars in his teeth, surviving an electric chair, general strong-man/giant acts from 1999 to 2002. He appeared as a celebrity cook on the Christine Cushing cooking show, broadcast on the Food Network in 2002. Stephen R. Hart Stephen R. Hart (born March 11, 1958) is a Canadian actor known for his height (6'11\"\") and deep voice. He is also known for his role as \"\"The Voice\"\" on The Current. Hazel-eyed, with pitch black hair and clothes, Hart has a reputation for playing sinister villains. His credits include notable films such as \"\"\"\",", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 42 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9353031", "chunk_text": "\"Kerrigan Mahan\"\nKerrigan Mahan Kerrigan Patrick Mahan (born January 27, 1955) is an American voice actor. He has had voice roles in \"\"Lensman\"\", \"\"Zillion\"\", \"\"Vampire Hunter D\"\" and \"\"Crying Freeman\"\", as Goldar in \"\"Mighty Morphin Power Rangers\"\" and \"\"Power Rangers Zeo\"\", Jeb the talking dog in \"\"VR Troopers\"\", and the original Magna Defender in \"\"Power Rangers Lost Galaxy\"\". He also played the voice role of Monitor Org in \"\"Power Rangers Wild Force\"\". Mahan has also been involved in theater work, directing \"\"Matty: An Evening With Christy Mathewson\"\", a play based on the life of baseball player Christy Mathewson, who was portrayed by", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 43 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20647829", "chunk_text": "\"Brian Steele\"\nportrayed Drake Beast in \"\"\"\", Sammael in \"\"Hellboy\"\", Lycan werewolves in \"\"Underworld\"\" and \"\"\"\", William Corvinus in \"\"\"\", T-600 in \"\"Terminator Salvation\"\", Berzerker Predator in \"\"Predators\"\", and a Bigfoot in the Eduardo Sánchez horror-thriller film \"\"Exists\"\". Brian Steele has participated in multiple ultra-distance, self-supported cycling races, including the Tour Divide mountain bike race and the Trans Am Bike Race. Brian Steele Brian Steele is an American actor who has had many roles as monsters and creatures on television and in films. In 2018, he appears as The Robot in \"\"Lost in Space\"\". Steele stands at 6 ft 7 in (2.01m).", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 44 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8181583", "chunk_text": "\"Ilja Richter\"\nIlja Richter Ilja Richter (born 24 November 1952 in East Berlin) is a German actor, voice actor, television presenter, singer and author. In the 1970s, Richter became famous in Germany as television presenter of \"\"Disco\"\". As an actor, he played several roles in films and in theatre. As a voice actor, his most prominent role was lending his colourful, peppy voice to Timon from The Lion King. He also provided the German voices of Mike Wazowski in \"\"Monsters, Inc.\"\" (due to Nathan Lane and Billy Crystal having similar-sounding voices) and Dave in \"\"The Penguins of Madagascar\"\". Richter wrote several books.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 45 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17864677", "chunk_text": "\"Charles C. Campbell (voice actor)\"\nCharles C. Campbell (voice actor) Charles Clinton Campbell (born November 16, 1968, in Houston, Texas) is an American ADR director, recording engineer, and voice actor for ADV Films/Seraphim Digital and Funimation/Okatron 5000. He provides voices for a number of English-language dubs of Japanese anime films. Campbell was employed as ADV Films' first in-house ADR audio engineer. He sat behind the mixing board through many ADV classics, including \"\"Neon Genesis Evangelion\"\", \"\"Blue Seed\"\", \"\"Battle Angel\"\", \"\"Golden Boy\"\" and even the live action giant monster classic \"\"\"\". He moved to Austin in 1998 to open ADV's Monster Island Studios. His directorial and", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 46 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12676127", "chunk_text": "\"David Rudman\"\nStoty\"\" for Nick Jr., \"\"Bunnytown\"\" on Disney Junior, \"\"Scooby Doo Adventures! The Mystery Map\"\" for Warner Brothers, and was the creator, executive producer, character designer, director and voice director of the animated series \"\"Nature Cat\"\" on PBS, voicing several characters including Leo the Mammoth, Prospector Jones, Nevin and the Seeker. Rudman took over as Richard Hunt's half of the Two-Headed Monster, Scooter, and Janice of Dr. Teeth and The Electric Mayhem after Hunt's death. Other characters he performs are Sonny Friendly, as well as Sully to Jerry Nelson's Biff, the construction workers. He has written and produced cartoons for MTV,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 47 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12810301", "chunk_text": "\"Monster Mutt (film)\"\nAshley (Rhiannon Leigh Wryn) and Zach (Billy Unger) join up with the scientist responsible for his transformation, Dr. Victor Lloyd (Brian Stepanek), to find a cure and return Max to normal. Filmed entirely within the Santa Clarita Valley, director Todd Tucker and producer Harvey Lowry created the film as their first feature film together. Known primarily for their makeup and special effects work in Hollywood, the two decided to use their skills for film production of \"\"Monster Mutt\"\". Tucker was inspired to write the film's story by having watched Steven Spielberg’s \"\"Gremlins\"\" and \"\"E.T. the Extra-Terrestrial\"\" when he was younger.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 48 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3496409", "chunk_text": "\"Paul Hornschemeier\"\n“Forlorn TV,” an animated YouTube series of monologues and short stories. He is currently at work writing, directing, producing, animating, and editing Giant Sloth (a Kickstarter- funded animated short featuring the voices of Paul Giamatti, Jason Mantzoukas, and Saturday Night Live cast member Kate McKinnon.) While attending Ohio State University, Hornschemeier began working as a Graphics editor. He later went on to pursue advertising and publication design, including working as a contract designer at Ogilvy Mather. Most recently, he has acted as the Creative Director for Margo Mitchell Media. Hornschemeier's prose and illustrations have appeared in publications ranging from Life", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 49 } ]
test_3416	where can you find convergent boundaries on earth?	n/a	[ "Mariana Trench" ]	[]	n/a	n/a	n/a	[]	[ { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5972919", "chunk_text": "\"Convergent boundary\"\nConvergent boundary Convergent boundaries are areas on Earth where two or more lithospheric plates collide. One plate eventually slides beneath the other causing a process known as subduction. The subduction zone can be defined by a plane where many earthquakes occur, called the Benioff Zone. These collisions happen on scales of millions to tens of millions of years and can lead to volcanism, earthquakes, orogenesis, destruction of lithosphere, and deformation. Convergent boundaries occur between oceanic-oceanic lithosphere, oceanic-continental lithosphere, and continental-continental lithosphere. The geologic features related to convergent boundaries vary depending on crust types. Plate tectonics is driven by convection cells", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 0 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19488545", "chunk_text": "\"Convergent boundary\"\nthe convergent boundary of the Indian plate and Burma microplate and killed over 200,000 people. The 2011 tsunami off the coast of Japan, which caused 16,000 deaths and did $360 billion USD in damage, was caused by a magnitude 9 earthquake along the convergent boundary of the Eurasian plate and Pacific Plate. Convergent boundary Convergent boundaries are areas on Earth where two or more lithospheric plates collide. One plate eventually slides beneath the other causing a process known as subduction. The subduction zone can be defined by a plane where many earthquakes occur, called the Benioff Zone. These collisions happen", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 1 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3813119", "chunk_text": "\"Convergent boundary\"\n- 100 km wide and can be several thousand kilometers long. Oceanic trenches form as a result of bending of the subducting slab. Depth of oceanic trenches seems to be controlled by age of the oceanic lithosphere being subducted. Sediment fill in oceanic trenches varies and generally depends on abundance of sediment input from surrounding areas. An oceanic trench, the Mariana Trench, is the deepest point of the ocean at a depth of approximately 11,000 m. Earthquakes are common along convergent boundaries. A region of high earthquake activity, the Benioff zone, generally dips 45° and marks the subducting plate. Earthquakes", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 2 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17115973", "chunk_text": "\"Divergent boundary\"\nDivergent boundary In plate tectonics, a divergent boundary or divergent plate boundary (also known as a constructive boundary or an extensional boundary) is a linear feature that exists between two tectonic plates that are moving away from each other. Divergent boundaries within continents initially produce rifts which eventually become rift valleys. Most active divergent plate boundaries occur between oceanic plates and exist as mid-oceanic ridges. Divergent boundaries also form volcanic islands which occur when the plates move apart to produce gaps which molten lava rises to fill. Current research indicates that complex convection within the Earth's mantle allows material to", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 3 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "512305", "chunk_text": "Earthscope\nwill provide a large amount of information which will contribute to the understanding of continental dynamics and for the quantification of seismic hazards. There are seven topics that EarthScope will address with the use of the observatories. Convergent margins, also known as convergent boundaries, are active regions of deformation between two or more tectonic plates colliding with one another. Convergent margins create areas of tectonic uplift, such as mountain ranges or volcanoes. EarthScope is focusing on the boundary between the Pacific Plate and the North American Plate in the western United States. EarthScope will provide GPS geodetic data, seismic images,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 4 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18121647", "chunk_text": "\"Convergent boundary\"\nforms on the continental crust as deep-sea sediments and oceanic crust are scraped from the oceanic plate. Volcanic arcs form on continental lithosphere as the result of partial melting due to dehydration of the hydrous minerals of the subducting slab. Some lithospheric plates consist of both continental and oceanic crust. Subduction initiates as oceanic lithosphere slides beneath continental crust. As the oceanic lithosphere subducts to greater depths, the attached continental crust is pulled closer to the subduction zone. Once the continental lithosphere reaches the subduction zone, subduction processes are altered as continental lithosphere is more buoyant and resists subduction beneath", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 5 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3002598", "chunk_text": "\"Convergent boundary\"\nmay break along the boundary of continental and oceanic crust. Seismic tomography reveals pieces of lithosphere that have broken off during convergence. Subduction zones are areas where one lithospheric plate slides beneath another at a convergent boundary due to lithospheric density differences. These plates dip at an average of 45° but can vary. Subduction zones are often marked by an abundance of earthquakes, the result of internal deformation of the plate, convergence with the opposing plate, and bending at the oceanic trench. Earthquakes have been detected to a depth of 670 km. The relatively cold and dense subducting plates are", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 6 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3002606", "chunk_text": "\"Convergent boundary\"\nother continental lithosphere. A small portion of the continental crust may be subducted until the slab breaks, allowing the oceanic lithosphere to continue subducting, hot asthenosphere to rise and fill the void, and rebound of the continental lithosphere. Evidence of this continental rebound include ultrahigh pressure metamorphic rocks which form at depths of 90 - 125 km that are exposed at the surface. Oceanic crust contains hydrated minerals such as the amphibole group. During subduction, oceanic lithosphere is heated and metamorphosed causing dehydration of these hydrous minerals contained within basalts, releasing water into the asthenosphere. The release of water into", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 7 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19488544", "chunk_text": "\"Convergent boundary\"\nas sediment is scraped from the subducting lithosphere and emplaced against the overriding lithosphere. These sediments include igneous crust, turbidite sediments, and pelagic sediments. Imbricate thrust faulting along a basal decollement surface occurs in accretionary wedges as forces continue to compress and fault these newly added sediments. The continued faulting of the accretionary wedge leads to overall thickening of the wedge. Seafloor topography plays some role in accretion, especially emplacement of igneous crust . Some of the deadliest natural disasters have occurred due to convergent boundary processes. The 2004 Indian Ocean earthquake and tsunami was triggered by an earthquake along", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 8 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6675996", "chunk_text": "\"Convergent boundary\"\npulled into mantle and help drive mantle convection. In collisions between two oceanic plates, the cooler, more dense oceanic lithosphere sinks beneath warmer, less dense oceanic lithosphere. As the slab sinks deeper into the mantle, it releases water from dehydration of hydrous minerals in the oceanic crust. This water reduces the melting temperature of rocks in the asthenosphere and causes partial melting. Partial melt will travel up through the asthenosphere, eventually reach the surface, and form volcanic island arcs. When oceanic lithosphere and continental lithosphere collide, the dense oceanic lithosphere slides beneath the less dense continental lithosphere. An accretionary wedge", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 9 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3002597", "chunk_text": "\"Convergent boundary\"\nforce of gravity will increase plate velocity. As the relatively cool subducting slab sinks deeper into the mantle, it is heated causing dehydration of hydrous minerals. This releases water into the hotter asthenosphere, which leads to partial melting of asthenosphere and volcanism. Both dehydration and partial melting occurs along the 1000°C isotherm, generally at depths of 65 - 130 km. Some lithospheric plates consist of both continental and oceanic lithosphere. In some instances, initial convergence with another plate will destroy oceanic lithosphere, leading to convergence of two continental plates. Neither continental plate will subduct. It is likely that the plate", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 10 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13398763", "chunk_text": "\"Continental collision\"\nContinental collision Continental collision is a phenomenon of the plate tectonics of Earth that occurs at convergent boundaries. Continental collision is a variation on the fundamental process of subduction, whereby the subduction zone is destroyed, mountains produced, and two continents sutured together. Continental collision is known only to occur on Earth. Continental collision is not an instantaneous event, but may take several tens of millions of years before the faulting and folding caused by collisions stops. The collision between India and Asia has been ongoing for about 50 million years already and shows no signs of abating. Collision between East", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 11 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3813118", "chunk_text": "\"Convergent boundary\"\nvolcanic arc and are associated with extensional tectonics and high heat flow, often being home to seafloor spreading centers. These spreading centers are like mid ocean ridges, though the magma composition of back arc basins is generally more varied and contains a higher water content than mid ocean ridge magmas. Back arc basins are often characterized by thin, hot lithosphere. Opening of back arc basins are still being studied but it’s possible that movement of hot asthenosphere into lithosphere causes extension. Oceanic trenches are narrow topographic lows that mark convergent boundaries or subduction zones. Oceanic trenches can be average 50", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 12 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20803667", "chunk_text": "Tectonics\nspreading; transform, where plates slide past each other, and convergent, where plates converge and lithosphere is \"\"consumed\"\" by the process of subduction. Convergent and transform boundaries form the largest structural discontinuities in the lithosphere and are responsible for most of the world's major (M > 7) earthquakes. Convergent and divergent boundaries are also the site of most of the world's volcanoes, such as around the Pacific Ring of Fire. Most of the deformation in the lithosphere is related to the interaction between plates, either directly or indirectly. Salt tectonics is concerned with the structural geometries and deformation processes associated with", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 13 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16622163", "chunk_text": "\"Divergent boundary\"\nbanding furnishes a map in time and space of both spreading rate and polar reversals. Divergent boundary In plate tectonics, a divergent boundary or divergent plate boundary (also known as a constructive boundary or an extensional boundary) is a linear feature that exists between two tectonic plates that are moving away from each other. Divergent boundaries within continents initially produce rifts which eventually become rift valleys. Most active divergent plate boundaries occur between oceanic plates and exist as mid-oceanic ridges. Divergent boundaries also form volcanic islands which occur when the plates move apart to produce gaps which molten lava rises", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 14 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6675993", "chunk_text": "\"Convergent boundary\"\nin the mantle. Convection cells are the result of heat generated by radioactive decay of elements in the mantle escaping to the surface and the return of cool materials from the surface to the mantle. These convection cells bring hot mantle material to the surface along spreading centers creating new crust. As this new crust is pushed away from the spreading center by formation of newer crust, it cools, thins, and becomes denser. Subduction initiates when this dense crust converges with less dense crust. The force of gravity helps drive the subducting slab into the mantle. Evidence supports that the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 15 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17089116", "chunk_text": "\"Continental divide\"\nContinental divide A continental divide is a drainage divide on a continent such that the drainage basin on one side of the divide feeds into one ocean or sea, and the basin on the other side either feeds into a different ocean or sea, or else is endorheic, not connected to the open sea. The endpoints where a continental divide meets the coast are not always definite since the exact border between adjacent bodies of water is usually not clearly defined. The International Hydrographic Organization's publication \"\"Limits of Oceans and Seas\"\" defines exact boundaries of oceans, but it is not", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 16 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14087576", "chunk_text": "\"Plate tectonics\"\na planet (the crust and upper mantle), is broken into tectonic plates. The Earth's lithosphere is composed of seven or eight major plates (depending on how they are defined) and many minor plates. Where the plates meet, their relative motion determines the type of boundary: convergent, divergent, or transform. Earthquakes, volcanic activity, mountain-building, and oceanic trench formation occur along these plate boundaries (or faults). The relative movement of the plates typically ranges from zero to 100 mm annually. Tectonic plates are composed of oceanic lithosphere and thicker continental lithosphere, each topped by its own kind of crust. Along convergent boundaries,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 17 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16622160", "chunk_text": "\"Divergent boundary\"\nlithosphere. The hot spot which may have initiated the Mid-Atlantic Ridge system currently underlies Iceland which is widening at a rate of a few centimeters per year. Divergent boundaries are typified in the oceanic lithosphere by the rifts of the oceanic ridge system, including the Mid-Atlantic Ridge and the East Pacific Rise, and in the continental lithosphere by rift valleys such as the famous East African Great Rift Valley. Divergent boundaries can create massive fault zones in the oceanic ridge system. Spreading is generally not uniform, so where spreading rates of adjacent ridge blocks are different, massive transform faults occur.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 18 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8416985", "chunk_text": "Earth\nplate boundaries, earthquakes, volcanic activity, mountain-building, and oceanic trench formation can occur. The tectonic plates ride on top of the asthenosphere, the solid but less-viscous part of the upper mantle that can flow and move along with the plates. As the tectonic plates migrate, oceanic crust is subducted under the leading edges of the plates at convergent boundaries. At the same time, the upwelling of mantle material at divergent boundaries creates mid-ocean ridges. The combination of these processes recycles the oceanic crust back into the mantle. Due to this recycling, most of the ocean floor is less than old. The", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 19 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6618114", "chunk_text": "\"Oceanic crust\"\nThe age of the oceanic crust can be used to estimate the (thermal) thickness of the lithosphere, where young oceanic crust has not had enough time to cool the mantle beneath it, while older oceanic crust has thicker mantle lithosphere beneath it. The oceanic lithosphere subducts at what are known as convergent boundaries. These boundaries can exist between oceanic lithosphere on one plate and oceanic lithosphere on another, or between oceanic lithosphere on one plate and continental lithosphere on another. In the second situation, the oceanic lithosphere always subducts because the continental lithosphere is less dense. The subduction process consumes", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 20 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2688806", "chunk_text": "\"Continental margin\"\nvolcanoes and earthquakes. The West Coast of North America and South America are active margins. Active continental margins are typically narrow from coast to shelf break, with steep descents into trenches. Convergent active margins occur where oceanic plates meet continental plates. The denser oceanic plate subducts below the less dense continental plate. Convergent active margins are the most common type of active margin. Transform active margins are more rare, and occur when an oceanic plate and a continental plate are moving parallel to each other in opposite directions. These transform margins are often characterized by many offshore faults, which causes", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 21 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6430444", "chunk_text": "\"Triple junction\"\nTriple junction A triple junction is the point where the boundaries of three tectonic plates meet. At the triple junction each of the three boundaries will be one of 3 types - a ridge (R), trench (T) or transform fault (F) - and triple junctions can be described according to the types of plate margin that meet at them (e.g. Transform-Transform-Trench, Ridge-Ridge-Ridge, or abbreviated F-F-T, R-R-R). Of the many possible types of triple junction only a few are stable through time ('stable' in this context means that the geometrical configuration of the triple junction will not change through geologic time).", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 22 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17115975", "chunk_text": "\"Divergent boundary\"\ndivergent plate boundary. Because of this, rocks closest to a boundary are younger than rocks further away on the same plate. At divergent boundaries, two plates move away from each other and the space that this creates is filled with new crustal material sourced from molten magma that forms below. The origin of new divergent boundaries at triple junctions is sometimes thought to be associated with the phenomenon known as hotspots. Here, exceedingly large convective cells bring very large quantities of hot asthenospheric material near the surface and the kinetic energy is thought to be sufficient to break apart the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 23 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9695464", "chunk_text": "Earth\nthrough plate tectonics, by mantle upwelling associated with mid-ocean ridges. The final major mode of heat loss is through conduction through the lithosphere, the majority of which occurs under the oceans because the crust there is much thinner than that of the continents. Earth's mechanically rigid outer layer, the lithosphere, is divided into tectonic plates. These plates are rigid segments that move relative to each other at one of three boundaries types: At convergent boundaries, two plates come together; at divergent boundaries, two plates are pulled apart; and at transform boundaries, two plates slide past one another laterally. Along these", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 24 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13398774", "chunk_text": "\"Continental collision\"\nhappened many times in the past. Ancient collision zones are deeply eroded but may still be recognized because these mark sites of intense deformation, metamorphism, and plutonic activity that separate tracts of continental crust having different geologic histories prior to the collision. Old collision zones are commonly called \"\"suture zones\"\" by geologists, because this is where two previous continents are joined or \"\"sutured\"\" together. Continental collision Continental collision is a phenomenon of the plate tectonics of Earth that occurs at convergent boundaries. Continental collision is a variation on the fundamental process of subduction, whereby the subduction zone is destroyed, mountains", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 25 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5555073", "chunk_text": "\"Plate tectonics\"\nmid-ocean ridge where it was formed. For a typical distance that oceanic lithosphere must travel before being subducted, the thickness varies from about thick at mid-ocean ridges to greater than at subduction zones; for shorter or longer distances, the subduction zone (and therefore also the mean) thickness becomes smaller or larger, respectively. Continental lithosphere is typically about 200 km thick, though this varies considerably between basins, mountain ranges, and stable cratonic interiors of continents. The location where two plates meet is called a \"\"plate boundary\"\". Plate boundaries are commonly associated with geological events such as earthquakes and the creation of", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 26 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2255882", "chunk_text": "\"Convergent boundary\"\nwill occur to a depth of 670 km along the Benioff . Both compressional and extensional forces act along convergent boundaries. On the inner walls of trenches, compressional faulting or reverse faulting occurs due to the relative motion of the two plates. Reverse faulting scrapes off ocean sediment and leads to formation of an accretionary wedge. Reverse faulting can lead to massive earthquakes, such as the magnitude 9.1 Sumatra earthquake of 2004. Tensional or normal faulting occurs on the outer wall of the trench, likely due to bending of the down going slab. Accretionary wedges (also called accretionary prisms) form", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 27 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5012595", "chunk_text": "\"Lithosphere-Asthenosphere boundary\"\nLithosphere-Asthenosphere boundary The Lithosphere-Asthenosphere boundary (LAB) represents a mechanical difference between layers in Earth’s inner structure. Earth’s inner structure can be described both chemically (crust, mantle, core) and mechanically. The Lithosphere-Asthenosphere boundary (referred to as the LAB by geophysicists) lies between Earth's cooler, rigid lithosphere and the warmer, ductile asthenosphere. The actual depth of the boundary is still a topic of debate and study, although it is known to vary according to the environment. The LAB is determined from the differences in the lithosphere and asthenosphere including, but not limited to, differences in grain size, chemical composition, thermal properties, and", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 28 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8261628", "chunk_text": "\"Antarctic Convergence\"\nAntarctic Convergence The Antarctic Convergence or Antarctic Polar Front is a curve continuously encircling Antarctica, varying in latitude seasonally, where cold, northward-flowing Antarctic waters meet the relatively warmer waters of the subantarctic. Antarctic waters predominantly sink beneath subantarctic waters, while associated zones of mixing and upwelling create a zone very high in marine productivity, especially for Antarctic krill. This line, like the arctic tree line, is a natural boundary rather than an artificial one like a line of latitude. It not only separates two hydrological regions, but also separates areas of distinctive marine life associations and of different climates. There", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 29 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4107372", "chunk_text": "Surface\nFor example, the surface of the Earth resembles (ideally) a two-dimensional sphere, and latitude and longitude provide two-dimensional coordinates on it (except at the poles and along the 180th meridian). Many surfaces considered in physics and chemistry (physical sciences in general) are interfaces. For example, a surface may be the idealized limit between two fluids (the surface of the sea) or the idealized boundary of a solid (the surface of a ball). In fluid dynamics, the shape of a surface may be defined by surface tension. However, they are surfaces only at macroscopic scale. At microscopic scale, they may have", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 30 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3140143", "chunk_text": "\"Antarctic Convergence\"\nis no Arctic equivalent, due to the amount of land contiguous with the northern polar region. The Antarctic Convergence was first crossed by Anthony de la Roché in 1675, and described by Sir Edmund Halley in 1700. The Antarctic Convergence is a zone approximately wide, varying in latitude seasonally and in different longitudes, extending across the Atlantic, Pacific, and Indian Oceans between the 48th and 61st parallels of south latitude. Although the northern boundary varies, for the purposes of the Convention on the Conservation of Antarctic Marine Living Resources 1980, it is defined as \"\"50°S, 0°; 50°S, 30°E; 45°S, 30°E;", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 31 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10489394", "chunk_text": "\"Passive margin\"\nsubduction zone. Passive margins define the region around the Atlantic Ocean, Arctic Ocean, and western Indian Ocean, and define the entire coasts of Africa, Greenland, India and Australia. They are also found on the east coast of North America and South America, in western Europe and most of Antarctica. East Asia also contains some passive margins. This refers to whether a crustal boundary between oceanic lithosphere and continental lithosphere is a plate boundary or not. Active margins are found on the edge of a continent where subduction occurs. These are often marked by uplift and volcanic mountain belts on the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 32 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12851196", "chunk_text": "\"Geographical centre of Earth\"\nGeographical centre of Earth The geographical centre of Earth is the geometric centre of all land surfaces on Earth. In a more strict definition, it is the superficial barycenter of the mass distribution produced by treating each continent or island as a region of a thin shell of uniform density and approximating the geoid with a sphere. The centre is inside Earth but can be projected to the closest point on the surface. In 1864, Charles Piazzi Smyth, Astronomer Royal for Scotland, gave in his book \"\"Our Inheritance in the Great Pyramid\"\" the coordinates with , the location of the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 33 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7544625", "chunk_text": "Geology\nthe rigid upper thermal boundary layer of the convecting mantle. This coupling between rigid plates moving on the surface of the Earth and the convecting mantle is called plate tectonics. The development of plate tectonics has provided a physical basis for many observations of the solid Earth. Long linear regions of geologic features are explained as plate boundaries. For example: Transform boundaries, such as the San Andreas Fault system, resulted in widespread powerful earthquakes. Plate tectonics also has provided a mechanism for Alfred Wegener's theory of continental drift, in which the continents move across the surface of the Earth over", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 34 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10424571", "chunk_text": "\"Boundaries between the continents of Earth\"\nBoundaries between the continents of Earth The boundaries between the continents of Earth are generally a matter of geographical convention. Several slightly different conventions are in use. The number of continents is most commonly considered seven but may range as low as four when the Americas and Afro-Eurasia are each considered a single continent. According to the definition of a continent in the strict sense, an island cannot be part of any continent, but by convention and in practice most major islands are associated with a continent. There are three overland boundaries subject to definition: While the isthmus between Asia", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 35 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11356209", "chunk_text": "\"Oceanic trench\"\nthe level of the surrounding oceanic floor. The greatest ocean depth measured is in the Challenger Deep of the Mariana Trench, at a depth of below sea level. Oceanic lithosphere moves into trenches at a global rate of about 3 km/yr. There are approximately of convergent plate margins, mostly around the Pacific Ocean—the reason for the reference “Pacific-type” margin—but they are also in the eastern Indian Ocean, with relatively short convergent margin segments in the Atlantic Ocean and in the Mediterranean Sea. Globally, there are over 50 major ocean trenches covering an area of 1.9 million km or about 0.5%", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 36 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1913927", "chunk_text": "\"Core–mantle boundary\"\nCore–mantle boundary The core–mantle boundary (CMB in the parlance of solid earth geophysicists) of the Earth lies between the planet's silicate mantle and its liquid iron-nickel outer core. This boundary is located at approximately 2891 km (1796 mi) depth beneath the Earth's surface. The boundary is observed via the discontinuity in seismic wave velocities at that depth due to the differences between the acoustic impedances of the solid mantle and the molten outer core. P-wave velocities are much slower in the outer core than in the deep mantle while S-waves do not exist at all in the liquid portion of", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 37 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11356782", "chunk_text": "Subduction\nSubduction Subduction is a geological process that takes place at convergent boundaries of tectonic plates where one plate moves under another and is forced or sinks due to gravity into the mantle. Regions where this process occurs are known as \"\"subduction zones\"\". Rates of subduction are typically in centimeters per year, with the average rate of convergence being approximately two to eight centimeters per year along most plate boundaries. Plates include both oceanic crust and continental crust. Stable subduction zones involve the oceanic lithosphere of one plate sliding beneath the continental or oceanic lithosphere of another plate due to the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 38 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3813117", "chunk_text": "\"Convergent boundary\"\nthe asthenosphere leads to partial melting. Partial melting allows the rise of more buoyant, hot material and can lead to volcanism at the surface and emplacement of plutons in the subsurface. This processes which generate magma are not entirely understood. Where these magmas reach the surface they create volcanic arcs. Volcanic arcs can form as island arc chains or as arcs on continental crust. Three series of volcanic rocks generally form arcs, Tholeiitic (low iron basalts), calc-alkaline (moderately enriched in potassium and incompatible elements), and alkaline (highly enriched in potassium) which are very rare. Back arc basins form behind a", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 39 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7443597", "chunk_text": "Quadripoint\nQuadripoint A quadripoint is a point on the Earth that touches the border of four distinct territories. The term has never been in common use—it may not have been used before 1964 when it was possibly invented by the Office of the Geographer of the United States Department of State. The word does not appear in the \"\"Oxford English Dictionary\"\" or \"\"Merriam-Webster Online\"\" dictionary, but it does appear in the \"\"Encyclopædia Britannica\"\", as well as in the \"\"World Factbook\"\" articles on Botswana, Namibia, Zambia, and Zimbabwe, dating as far back as 1990. An early instance of four political divisions meeting", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 40 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17784650", "chunk_text": "\"Lithosphere-Asthenosphere boundary\"\n100 km deep. Lithosphere-Asthenosphere boundary The Lithosphere-Asthenosphere boundary (LAB) represents a mechanical difference between layers in Earth’s inner structure. Earth’s inner structure can be described both chemically (crust, mantle, core) and mechanically. The Lithosphere-Asthenosphere boundary (referred to as the LAB by geophysicists) lies between Earth's cooler, rigid lithosphere and the warmer, ductile asthenosphere. The actual depth of the boundary is still a topic of debate and study, although it is known to vary according to the environment. The LAB is determined from the differences in the lithosphere and asthenosphere including, but not limited to, differences in grain size, chemical composition,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 41 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3613215", "chunk_text": "\"Plate reconstruction\"\nbacked up by the use of GPS data, to confirm the presence of significant relative movement between plates. Identifying past (but now inactive) plate boundaries within current plates is generally based on evidence for an ocean that has now closed up. The line where the ocean used to be is normally marked by pieces of the crust from that ocean, included in the collision zone, known as ophiolites. The line across which two plates became joined to form a single larger plate, is known as a suture. In many orogenic belts, the collision is not just between two plates, but", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 42 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17115974", "chunk_text": "\"Divergent boundary\"\nrise to the base of the lithosphere beneath each divergent plate boundary. This supplies the area with vast amounts of heat and a reduction in pressure that melts rock from the asthenosphere (or upper mantle) beneath the rift area forming large flood basalt or lava flows. Each eruption occurs in only a part of the plate boundary at any one time, but when it does occur, it fills in the opening gap as the two opposing plates move away from each other. Over millions of years, tectonic plates may move many hundreds of kilometers away from both sides of a", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 43 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "773945", "chunk_text": "\"Continent-ocean boundary\"\nContinent-ocean boundary The continent-ocean boundary (COB) or continent-ocean transition is the boundary between continental crust and oceanic crust on a passive margin. The identification of continent-ocean boundaries is important in the definition of plate boundaries at the time of break-up when trying to reconstruct the geometry and position of ancient continents e.g. in the reconstruction of Pangaea. As hydrocarbon exploration moves further offshore to look for the remaining potential on passive margins, understanding the location of the COB is critical to predicting possible hydrocarbon occurrence. This is both from the likely location of source and reservoir rocks and the need", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 44 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17191599", "chunk_text": "\"Earth science\"\nis known as plate tectonics. Plate tectonics might be thought of as the process by which the Earth is resurfaced. As the result of seafloor spreading, new crust and lithosphere is created by the flow of magma from the mantle to the near surface, through fissures, where it cools and solidifies. Through subduction, oceanic crust and lithosphere returns to the convecting mantle. Areas of the crust where new crust is created are called \"\"divergent boundaries\"\", those where it is brought back into the Earth are \"\"convergent boundaries\"\" and those where plates slide past each other, but no new lithospheric material", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 45 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9841290", "chunk_text": "\"Core–mantle boundary\"\ncommonly used in reference to a decrease in seismic velocity with depth that is sometimes observed at about 100 km below the Earth's oceans. Core–mantle boundary The core–mantle boundary (CMB in the parlance of solid earth geophysicists) of the Earth lies between the planet's silicate mantle and its liquid iron-nickel outer core. This boundary is located at approximately 2891 km (1796 mi) depth beneath the Earth's surface. The boundary is observed via the discontinuity in seismic wave velocities at that depth due to the differences between the acoustic impedances of the solid mantle and the molten outer core. P-wave velocities", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 46 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9952746", "chunk_text": "\"Extreme points of Earth\"\nland. The pairs of cities (with a population over 100,000) with the greatest distance between them are: These are the longest straight lines that can be drawn between any two points on the surface of the Earth and remain exclusively over land or water; the points need not lie on the same latitude or longitude. Extreme points of Earth This is a list of extreme points of Earth, the geographical locations that are farther north or south than, higher or lower in elevation than, or farthest inland or out to sea from, any other locations on the landmasses, continents or", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 47 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11356262", "chunk_text": "Lithosphere\nLithosphere A lithosphere ( [\"\"lithos\"\"] for \"\"rocky\"\", and [\"\"sphaira\"\"] for \"\"sphere\"\") is the rigid, outermost shell of a terrestrial-type planet, or natural satellite, that is defined by its rigid mechanical properties. On Earth, it is composed of the crust and the portion of the upper mantle that behaves elastically on time scales of thousands of years or greater. The outermost shell of a rocky planet, the crust, is defined on the basis of its chemistry and mineralogy. The study of past and current formations of landscapes is called geomorphology. Earth's lithosphere includes the crust and the uppermost mantle, which constitute", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 48 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18076740", "chunk_text": "Border\nline. The Kármán line is a peak point at the altitude of 62 mi (100 km) above the earths surface, setting a boundary between the earths atmosphere and outer space. Airspace regulations are set by nations and local governments within an airspace, regulations of airspace differ by country and location. An open border is the deregulation and or lack of regulation on the movement of persons between nations and jurisdictions, this does not apply to trade or movement between privately owned land areas. Most nations have open borders for travel within their nation of travel, examples of this include the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 49 } ]
test_3417	1 the bureau of land management manages over acres of land in the united states?	n/a	[ "247.3 million" ]	[]	n/a	n/a	n/a	[]	[ { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13707176", "chunk_text": "\"Bureau of Land Management\"\nBureau of Land Management The Bureau of Land Management (BLM) is an agency within the United States Department of the Interior that administers more than of public lands in the United States which constitutes one-eighth of the landmass of the country. President Harry S. Truman created the BLM in 1946 by combining two existing agencies: the General Land Office and the Grazing Service. The agency manages the federal government's nearly of subsurface mineral estate located beneath federal, state and private lands severed from their surface rights by the Homestead Act of 1862. Most BLM public lands are located in these", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 0 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12401654", "chunk_text": "\"Bureau of Land Management\"\nLandscape Conservation System is overseen by the BLM. The National Landscape Conservation System lands constitute just about 12% of the lands managed by the BLM. Congress passed Title II of the Omnibus Public Land Management Act of 2009 (Public Law 111-11) to make the system a permanent part of the public lands protection system in the United States. By designating these areas for conservation, the law directed the BLM to ensure these places are protected for future generations, similar to national parks and wildlife refuges. The BLM, through its Office of Law Enforcement & Security, functions as a federal law", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 1 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8781250", "chunk_text": "\"Federal lands\"\nacres in 2015) are administered by the Bureau of Land Management (BLM), U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (FWS), National Park Service (NPS), or U.S. Forest Service (FS). BLM, FWS, and NPS are part of the U.S. Department of the Interior, while the Forest Service is part of the U.S. Department of Agriculture. An additional 11.4 million acres of land (about 2% of all federal land) is owned by the U.S. Department of Defense (DOD). The majority of federal lands are located in Alaska and the Western states. The United States Supreme Court has upheld the broad powers of the federal", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 2 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4934633", "chunk_text": "\"Public land\"\nentities including cities, counties, states, and the federal government all manage land which are referred to as either public lands or the public domain. The majority of public lands in the United States are held in trust for the American people by the federal government and managed by the Bureau of Land Management (BLM), the United States National Park Service, the Bureau of Reclamation, or the Fish and Wildlife Service under the Department of the Interior, or by the United States Forest Service under the Department of Agriculture. Other federal agencies that manage public lands include the National Oceanic and", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 3 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13707177", "chunk_text": "\"Bureau of Land Management\"\n12 western states: Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington and Wyoming. The mission of the BLM is \"\"to sustain the health, diversity, and productivity of the public lands for the use and enjoyment of present and future generations.\"\" Originally BLM holdings were described as \"\"land nobody wanted\"\" because homesteaders had passed them by. All the same, ranchers hold nearly 18,000 permits and leases for livestock grazing on of BLM public lands. The agency manages 221 wilderness areas, 27 national monuments and some 636 other protected areas as part of the National Conservation Lands (formerly", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 4 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17977916", "chunk_text": "\"National Conservation Lands\"\nNational Conservation Lands National Conservation Lands, formally known as the National Landscape Conservation System, is a collection of lands in 873 federally recognized areas considered to be the crown jewels of the American West. These lands represent 10% of the managed by the Bureau of Land Management (BLM). The BLM is the largest federal public land manager and is responsible for over 40% of all the federal public land in the nation. The other major federal public land managers include the US Forest Service (USFS), National Park Service (NPS), and the US Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS). Over the years,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 5 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13707178", "chunk_text": "\"Bureau of Land Management\"\nknown as the National Landscape Conservation System), totaling about . In addition the National Conservation Lands include nearly 2,400 miles of Wild and Scenic Rivers, and nearly 6,000 miles of National Scenic and Historic Trails. There are more than 63,000 oil and gas wells on BLM public lands. Total energy leases generated approximately $5.4 billion in 2013, an amount divided among the Treasury, the states, and Native American groups. The BLM's roots go back to the Land Ordinance of 1785 and the Northwest Ordinance of 1787. These laws provided for the survey and settlement of the lands that the original", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 6 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8781249", "chunk_text": "\"Federal lands\"\nFederal lands Federal lands are lands in the United States owned by the federal government. Pursuant to the Property Clause of the United States Constitution (, section 3, clause 2), the Congress has the power to retain and sell foreign lands and to regulate federal lands, such as by limiting cattle grazing on them. These powers have been recognized in a long line of U.S. Supreme Court decisions. The federal government owns about 640 million acres of land in the United States, about 28% of the total land area of 2.27 billion acres. The majority of federal lands (610.1 million", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 7 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13421346", "chunk_text": "\"Federal lands\"\nabout 3.9% due to a decline in land held by DOD and BLM. Federal lands Federal lands are lands in the United States owned by the federal government. Pursuant to the Property Clause of the United States Constitution (, section 3, clause 2), the Congress has the power to retain and sell foreign lands and to regulate federal lands, such as by limiting cattle grazing on them. These powers have been recognized in a long line of U.S. Supreme Court decisions. The federal government owns about 640 million acres of land in the United States, about 28% of the total", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 8 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12401661", "chunk_text": "\"Bureau of Land Management\"\nPatrol, Idaho 4H, Napa Mustang Days and Little Book Cliffs Darting Team. These partnerships help with adoption and animal population as well as education and raising awareness about wild horses and burros. In 2009, BLM opened Renewable Energy Coordination Offices in order to approve and oversee wind, solar, biomass, and geothermal projects on BLM-managed lands. The offices were located in the four states where energy companies had shown the greatest interest in renewable energy development: Arizona, California, Nevada, and Wyoming. Bureau of Land Management The Bureau of Land Management (BLM) is an agency within the United States Department of the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 9 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12401649", "chunk_text": "\"Bureau of Land Management\"\nof the General Mining Law of 1872 and the Desert Land Act of 1877 have since been repealed or superseded. In the early 20th century, Congress took additional steps toward recognizing the value of the assets on public lands and directed the Executive Branch to manage activities on the remaining public lands. The Mineral Leasing Act of 1920 allowed leasing, exploration, and production of selected commodities, such as coal, oil, gas, and sodium to take place on public lands. The Taylor Grazing Act of 1934 established the United States Grazing Service to manage the public rangelands by establishment of advisory", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 10 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12401651", "chunk_text": "\"Bureau of Land Management\"\nits current form by combining offices in the western states and creating a corresponding office for lands both east of and alongside the Mississippi River. As a matter of course, the BLM's emphasis fell on activities in the western states as most of the mining, land sales, and federally owned areas are located west of the Mississippi. BLM personnel on the ground have typically been oriented toward local interests, while bureau management in Washington are led by presidential guidance. By means of the Federal Land Policy and Management Act of 1976, Congress created a more unified bureau mission and recognized", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 11 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13707180", "chunk_text": "\"Bureau of Land Management\"\nStates needed revenue to function. Land was sold so that the government would have money to survive. In order to sell the land, surveys needed to be conducted. The Land Ordinance of 1785 instructed a geographer to oversee this work as undertaken by a group of surveyors. The first years of surveying were completed by trial and error; once the territory of Ohio had been surveyed, a modern public land survey system had been developed. In 1812, Congress established the General Land Office as part of the Department of the Treasury to oversee the disposition of these federal lands. By", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 12 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13707195", "chunk_text": "\"Bureau of Land Management\"\nthere were more than 49,000 horses and burros on BLM-managed land, exceeding the BLM's estimated \"\"appropriate management level\"\" (AML) by almost 22,500. The Bureau of Land Management has implemented several programs and has developed partnerships as part of their management plan for preserving wild burros and horses in the United States. There are several herds of horses and burros roaming free on 26.9 million acres of range spread out in ten western states. It is essential to maintain a balance that keeps herd management land and animal population healthy. Some programs and partnerships include the Mustang Heritage Foundation, U.S. Border", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 13 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7407312", "chunk_text": "\"Federal Land Policy and Management Act of 1976\"\nFederal Land Policy and Management Act of 1976 The Federal Land Policy and Management Act, or FLPMA (), is a United States federal law that governs the way in which the public lands administered by the Bureau of Land Management are managed. The law was enacted in 1976 by the 94th Congress and is found in the United States Code under Title 43. The Federal Land Policy and Management Act phased out homesteading in the United States by repealing the pre-existing Homestead Acts. Congress recognized the value of the public lands, declaring that these lands would remain in public ownership.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 14 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19607270", "chunk_text": "\"Bundy standoff\"\nrecalls veiled threats similar to those made against government workers during the 2014 round-up. Against this background, he says, \"\"the U.S. attorney's office told us to back off,\"\" and the operation was canceled. The Taylor Grazing Act of 1934 (TGA) regulates grazing on public lands (excluding Alaska) to improve rangeland conditions. The Bureau of Land Management (BLM) manages about 167 million acres (676,000 km²) of publicly owned rangeland in the United States, with the United States Forest Service managing approximately 95 million acres (380,000 km²) more. Permittees on federal rangelands are required to pay a fee, and the permit cannot", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 15 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2203988", "chunk_text": "\"United States Department of the Interior\"\nAgriculture, which later became the Department of Agriculture. However, land and natural resource management, American Indian affairs, wildlife conservation, and territorial affairs remain the responsibilities of the Department of the Interior. As of mid-2004, the department managed 507 million acres (2,050,000 km²) of surface land, or about one-fifth of the land in the United States. It manages 476 dams and 348 reservoirs through the Bureau of Reclamation, 410 national parks, monuments, seashore sites, etc. through the National Park Service, and 544 national wildlife refuges through the Fish and Wildlife Service. Energy projects on federally managed lands and offshore areas supply", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 16 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13707179", "chunk_text": "\"Bureau of Land Management\"\n13 colonies ceded to the federal government after the American Revolution. As additional lands were acquired by the United States from Spain, France and other countries, the United States Congress directed that they be explored, surveyed, and made available for settlement. During the Revolutionary War, military bounty land was promised to soldiers who fought for the colonies. After the war, the Treaty of Paris of 1783, signed by the United States, England, France, and Spain, ceded territory to the United States. In the 1780s, other states relinquished their own claims to land in modern-day Ohio. By this time, the United", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 17 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2203983", "chunk_text": "\"United States Department of the Interior\"\nUnited States Department of the Interior The United States Department of the Interior (DOI) is the United States federal executive department of the U.S. government responsible for the management and conservation of most federal lands and natural resources, and the administration of programs relating to Native Americans, Alaska Natives, Native Hawaiians, territorial affairs, and insular areas of the United States. About 75% of federal public land is managed by the department, with most of the remainder managed by the United States Department of Agriculture's United States Forest Service. The department is administered by the United States Secretary of the Interior,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 18 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8781253", "chunk_text": "\"Federal lands\"\nlargest federal landowner is the U.S. Department of Defense, which owns, leases, or possessed 26.1 million worldwide, of which 11.4 million acres are located in the United States. DOD land is mostly military bases and reservations. The largest single DOD-owned tract is the 2.3-million-acre White Sands Missile Range in New Mexico. Together, the BLM, FWS, NPS, Forest Service, and DOD manage 97% of federal land. Federal agencies that control smaller amounts of land include the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, the Bureau of Reclamation, the United States Postal Service, the National Aeronautics and Space Administration, and the U.S. Department of", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 19 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3589991", "chunk_text": "Wyoming\nthe United States in total acres and fifth in percentage of a state's land owned by the federal government. This amounts to about owned and managed by the United States government. The state government owns an additional 6% of all Wyoming lands, or another . The vast majority of this government land is administered by the Bureau of Land Management and U.S. Forest Service in numerous national forests, a national grassland, and a number of vast swathes of public land, in addition to the Francis E. Warren Air Force Base in Cheyenne. In addition, Wyoming contains areas managed by the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 20 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14602897", "chunk_text": "\"Federal Land Policy and Management Act of 1976\"\nto do so. The BLM is to conduct studies, classifying areas as 'Wilderness Study Areas.' These areas are not official Wilderness areas but are, for all intents and purposes, treated as such until formal adoption as Wilderness by Congress. Approximately 8.8 million acres of BLM wilderness are currently included in the National Wilderness Preservation System as a result of the wilderness reviews mandated by FLPMA. Those ordered to implement policies from FLPMA are trained government employees using guidelines expressly stated within the act itself. Federal Land Policy and Management Act of 1976 The Federal Land Policy and Management Act, or", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 21 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4985574", "chunk_text": "\"United States Forest Service\"\nboth the National Forest Management Act and the National Environmental Policy Act. United States Forest Service The United States Forest Service (USFS) is an agency of the U.S. Department of Agriculture that administers the nation's 154 national forests and 20 national grasslands, which encompass . Major divisions of the agency include the National Forest System, State and Private Forestry, Business Operations, and the Research and Development branch. Managing approximately 25% of federal lands, it is the only major national land agency that is outside the U.S. Department of the Interior. The concept of the National Forests was born from Theodore", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 22 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9037686", "chunk_text": "\"Federal Land Policy and Management Act of 1976\"\nThe National Forest Service, National Park Service, and now, the Bureau of Land Management, are commissioned in FLPMA to allow a variety of uses on their land (of greater concern for the BLM, who is the least restrictive in terms of uses) while simultaneously trying to preserve the natural resources in them. This concept is best summarized by the term 'multiple-use.' 'Multiple use' is defined in the Act as \"\"management of the public lands and their various resource values so that they are utilized in the combination that will best meet the present and future needs of the American people.\"\"", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 23 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15352224", "chunk_text": "\"Grazing rights in Nevada\"\nor commons” were exempted from state civil liability for trespass, and the open range was defined as “all unenclosed land outside of cities and towns upon which cattle, sheep or other domestic animals by custom, license, lease or permit are grazed”. However, the federal Taylor Grazing Act has further regulated grazing on federal land since 1934, and violators may be subject to federal civil and criminal liability. The Bureau of Land Management manages about 167 million acres (676,000 km²) of publicly owned rangeland in the United States, with the United States Forest Service managing approximately 95 million acres (380,000 km²)", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 24 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9401385", "chunk_text": "\"United States Forest Service\"\nUnited States Forest Service The United States Forest Service (USFS) is an agency of the U.S. Department of Agriculture that administers the nation's 154 national forests and 20 national grasslands, which encompass . Major divisions of the agency include the National Forest System, State and Private Forestry, Business Operations, and the Research and Development branch. Managing approximately 25% of federal lands, it is the only major national land agency that is outside the U.S. Department of the Interior. The concept of the National Forests was born from Theodore Roosevelt’s conservation group, Boone and Crockett Club, due to concerns regarding Yellowstone", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 25 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17977921", "chunk_text": "\"National Conservation Lands\"\nnoted for BLM lands only. These 38 sites, total See List of National Wild and Scenic Rivers These 6 sites total (note: more sites exist than are listed here) National Conservation Lands National Conservation Lands, formally known as the National Landscape Conservation System, is a collection of lands in 873 federally recognized areas considered to be the crown jewels of the American West. These lands represent 10% of the managed by the Bureau of Land Management (BLM). The BLM is the largest federal public land manager and is responsible for over 40% of all the federal public land in the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 26 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12401650", "chunk_text": "\"Bureau of Land Management\"\nboards that set grazing fees. The Oregon and California Revested Lands Sustained Yield Management Act of 1937, commonly referred as the O&C Act, required sustained yield management of the timberlands in western Oregon. In 1946, the Grazing Service was merged with the General Land Office to form the Bureau of Land Management within the Department of the Interior. It took several years for this new agency to integrate and reorganize. In the end, the Bureau of Land Management became less focused on land disposal and more focused on the long term management and preservation of the land. The agency achieved", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 27 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7241019", "chunk_text": "\"Norton v. Southern Utah Wilderness Alliance\"\n1976, the federal Bureau of Land Management is required to manage \"\"2.5 million acres of land in Utah\"\" called \"\"wilderness study areas.\"\" The Southern Utah Wilderness Alliance and other environmentalist groups filed suit under the Administrative Procedure Act, compelling the government to act when \"\"an agency has failed to meet its legal duties.\"\" The Wilderness Alliance claimed that the Bureau of Land Management had failed to adequately protect the study areas and that the bureau permitted off-road vehicle use that damaged the study areas, violating the act passed by Congress in 1976. Norton v. Southern Utah Wilderness Alliance Norton v.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 28 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13707181", "chunk_text": "\"Bureau of Land Management\"\nthe early 1800s, promised bounty land claims were finally fulfilled. Over the years, other bounty land and homestead laws were enacted to dispose of federal land. Several different types of patents existed. These include cash entry, credit, homestead, Indian, military warrants, mineral certificates, private land claims, railroads, state selections, swamps, town sites, and town lots. A system of local land offices spread throughout the territories, patenting land that was surveyed via the corresponding Office of the Surveyor General of a particular territory. This pattern gradually spread across the entire United States. The laws that spurred this system with the exception", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 29 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20382146", "chunk_text": "\"Coos Bay Wagon Road Lands\"\nprinciple of sustained yield, for the purpose of providing a permanent source of timber supply, protecting watersheds, regulating stream flow, and contributing to the economic stability of local communities and industries. The act also directed the secretary to provide recreational facilities and establish a formula to pay revenues from forest production on the reconveyed lands to Coos and Douglas counites in lieu of taxes in proportion to the relative assessed value of the reconveyed lands in each county. The Coos Bay Wagon Road Lands are currently managed by the Bureau of Land Management (BLM), a unit of the United States", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 30 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19481416", "chunk_text": "\"Public Access and Lands Improvement Act\"\nPublic Access and Lands Improvement Act The Public Access and Lands Improvement Act () is an omnibus bill that combines ten smaller, previously introduced bills all related to land and land use. Several of the bills transfer federal lands to state or local governments. The bill also addresses cattle grazing. The bill passed in the United States House of Representatives during the 113th United States Congress. Federal lands are lands in the United States for which ownership is claimed by the U.S. federal government. As of March 2012, out of the 2.27 billion acres in the country, about 28% of", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 31 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2203994", "chunk_text": "\"United States Department of the Interior\"\nof \"\"ethical failure.\"\" Devaney has also said, \"\"Simply stated, short of a crime, anything goes at the highest levels of the Department of Interior.\"\" United States Department of the Interior The United States Department of the Interior (DOI) is the United States federal executive department of the U.S. government responsible for the management and conservation of most federal lands and natural resources, and the administration of programs relating to Native Americans, Alaska Natives, Native Hawaiians, territorial affairs, and insular areas of the United States. About 75% of federal public land is managed by the department, with most of the remainder", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 32 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17868018", "chunk_text": "Cadastre\nCadastre A cadastre (also spelled cadaster) is a comprehensive land recording of the real estate or real property's metes-and-bounds of a country. In most countries, legal systems have developed around the original administrative systems and use the cadastre to define the dimensions and location of land parcels described in legal documentation. The cadastre is a fundamental source of data in disputes and lawsuits between landowners. In the United States, Cadastral Survey within the Bureau of Land Management (BLM) maintains records of all public lands. Such surveys often require detailed investigation of the history of land use, legal accounts, and other", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 33 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5438882", "chunk_text": "\"United States Grazing Service\"\nUnited States Grazing Service The United States Grazing Service was a part of the United States Department of the Interior that managed grazing lands and carried out the Taylor Grazing Act, which leased public land for grazing. It was later merged with the General Land Office to form the Bureau of Land Management. When the Taylor Grazing Act was passed in 1934 by the United States Congress, an office under the Department of the Interior was also created to manage the act. It was first called the Division of Grazing, but later was renamed the U.S. Grazing Service in 1939.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 34 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5262230", "chunk_text": "\"Bureau of Indian Affairs\"\nBureau of Indian Affairs The Bureau of Indian Affairs (BIA) is an agency of the federal government of the United States within the U.S. Department of the Interior. It is responsible for the administration and management of of land held in trust by the United States for Native Americans in the United States, Native American Tribes and Alaska Natives. The BIA is one of two bureaus under the jurisdiction of the Assistant Secretary for Indian Affairs: the Bureau of Indian Affairs and the Bureau of Indian Education, which provides education services to approximately 48,000 Native Americans. The BIA’s responsibilities originally", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 35 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12401657", "chunk_text": "\"Bureau of Land Management\"\nmanages free-roaming horses and burros on public lands in ten western states. Though they are feral, the agency is obligated to protect them under the Wild and Free-Roaming Horses and Burros Act of 1971 (WFRHBA). As the horses have few natural predators, populations have grown substantially. WFRHBA as enacted provides for the removal of excess animals; the destruction of lame, old, or sick animals; the private placement or adoption of excess animals; and even the destruction of healthy animals if range management required it. In fact, the destruction of healthy or unhealthy horses has almost never occurred. Pursuant to the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 36 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3640544", "chunk_text": "\"General Land Office\"\nthe United States Grazing Service (established in 1934) to become the Bureau of Land Management on July 16, 1946. The GLO oversaw the surveying, platting, and sale of the public lands in the Western United States and administered the Homestead Act and the Preemption Act in disposal of public lands. The frantic pace of public land sales in the 19th century American West led to the idiomatic expression \"\"land-office business\"\", meaning a thriving or high-volume trade. The GLO was placed under the Secretary of the Interior when the Department of the Interior was formed in 1849. Reacting to public concerns", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 37 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12737088", "chunk_text": "\"United States Bureau of Reclamation\"\nUnited States Bureau of Reclamation The United States Bureau of Reclamation (USBR), and formerly the United States Reclamation Service (not to be confused with the Office of Surface Mining Reclamation and Enforcement), is a federal agency under the U.S. Department of the Interior, which oversees water resource management, specifically as it applies to the oversight and operation of the diversion, delivery, and storage projects that it has built throughout the western United States for irrigation, water supply, and attendant hydroelectric power generation. Currently the USBR is the largest wholesaler of water in the country, bringing water to more than 31", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 38 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19201546", "chunk_text": "\"Bureau of Land Management\"\nthe value of the remaining public lands by declaring that these lands would remain in public ownership. The law directed that these lands be managed with a view toward \"\"multiple use\"\" defined as \"\"management of the public lands and their various resource values so that they are utilized in the combination that will best meet the present and future needs of the American people.\"\" Since the Reagan years of the 1980s, Republicans have often given priority to local control and to grazing, mining and petroleum production, while Democrats have more often emphasized environmental concerns even when granting mining and drilling", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 39 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6807912", "chunk_text": "\"Grazing rights\"\nof Land Management, which along with the United States Forest Service oversees public lands grazing in 16 western states today. However, grazing was never established as a legal right in the U.S., and the Taylor Grazing Act authorized only the permitted use of lands designated as available for livestock grazing while specifying that grazing permits \"\"convey no right, title, or interest\"\" to such lands. Although the regulations stipulated by the Taylor Grazing Act apply only to grazing on Bureau of Land Management lands, the Chief of the Forest Service is authorized to permit or suspend grazing on Forest Service administered", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 40 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "21013403", "chunk_text": "\"Forty acres and a mule\"\nestablished the Bureau of Refugees, Freedmen, and Abandoned Lands under the War Department. The Bureau had authority to provide supplies for refugees—and an unfunded mandate to redistribute land, in parcels of up to 40 acres: Sec. 4. \"\"And be it further enacted,\"\" That the commissioner, under the direction of the President, shall have authority to set apart, for the use of loyal refugees and freedmen, such tracts of land within the insurrectionary states as shall have been abandoned, or to which the United States shall have acquired title by confiscation or sale, or otherwise, and to every male citizen, whether", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 41 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12401656", "chunk_text": "\"Bureau of Land Management\"\nGiven the many locations of BLM public lands, these rangers use canines, helicopters, snowmobiles, dirt bikes and boats to perform their duties. By contrast BLM special agents are criminal investigators who plan and conduct investigations concerning possible violations of criminal and administrative provisions of the BLM and other statutes under the United States Code. Special agents are normally plain clothes officers who carry concealed firearms, and other defensive equipment, make arrests, carry out complex criminal investigations, present cases for prosecution to local United States Attorneys and prepare investigative reports. Criminal investigators occasionally conduct internal and civil claim investigations. The BLM", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 42 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4697554", "chunk_text": "\"United States territory\"\nincludes any geography under the control of the United States federal government. Various regions, districts, and divisions are under the supervision of the United States federal government. The United States territory includes clearly defined geographical area and refers to an area of land, air, or sea under jurisdiction of United States federal governmental authority (but is not limited only to these areas). The extent of territory is all the area belonging to, and under the dominion of, the United States of America federal government (which includes tracts lying at a distance from the country) for administrative and other purposes. Under", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 43 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19258218", "chunk_text": "\"Land use\"\nthat limit the use of land significantly. These are the National Historic Preservation Act of 1966 (today embodied in 16 U.S.C. 461 et seq.) and the National Environmental Policy Act of 1969 (42 U.S.C. 4321 et seq.). The US Department of Agriculture has identified six major types of land use in the US. Acreage statistics for each type of land use in the contiguous 48 states in 2017 were as follows: Land use and land management practices have a major impact on natural resources including water, soil, nutrients, plants and animals. Land use information can be used to develop solutions", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 44 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13596590", "chunk_text": "Rangeland\nmanages about 167 million acres (676,000 km²) of publicly owned rangeland, with the United States Forest Service managing approximately 95 million acres (380,000 km²) more. Ranchers may lease portions of this public rangeland and pay a fee based on the number and type of livestock and the period for which they are on the land. Historically much of the land in the western United States was used for grazing and much of some states still is. In many of those states, such as Arizona, an open-range law applies which requires a land owner to fence cattle out rather than in;", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 45 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6812421", "chunk_text": "\"Land agent\"\nin the United States and in Canada. In the Canadian jurisdiction of the Northwest Territories, a land agent is an employee of the federal department of Indigenous and Northern Affairs tasked with guiding through the application process individuals wishing to purchase or lease crown land. Land agent Land agent may be used in at least three different contexts. Traditionally, a land agent was a managerial employee who conducted the business affairs of a large landed estate for a member of the landed gentry, supervising the farming of the property by farm labourers and/or tenants and collecting rents or other payments.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 46 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15016276", "chunk_text": "\"The Land Report\"\nLee Rider Jr. the publisher. The magazine is published by Land Report LLC in Dallas, Texas, USA. The Land Report annually recognizes the top real estate firms across the country that specialize in timberland, productive farmland, income-producing properties, and recreational retreats. In 2017, the magazine highlighted firms in the following categories: National, Timber, Pacific, West, Great Plains, Great Lakes, Midwest, Northeast, South, and Southwest. The Land Report publishes an annual report on the nation's 100 largest private landowners, who collectively own approximately 34 million acres of land within the United States. The Land Report The Land Report is an American", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 47 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4985561", "chunk_text": "\"United States Forest Service\"\nconduct internal and civil claim investigations. The of public land that are managed as national forests and grasslands are collectively known as the National Forest System. These lands are located in 44 states, Puerto Rico, and the Virgin Islands and comprise about 9% of the total land area in the United States. The lands are organized into 155 national forests and 20 national grasslands. The mission of the National Forest System is to protect and manage the forest lands so they best demonstrate the sustainable multiple-use management concept, using an ecological approach, to meet the diverse needs of people. The", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 48 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9037687", "chunk_text": "\"Federal Land Policy and Management Act of 1976\"\nFLPMA addresses topics such as land-use planning, land acquisition, fees and payments, administration of federal land, range management, and right-of-ways on federal land. FLPMA has specific objectives and time frames in which to accomplish these objectives, giving it more authority and eliminating the uncertainty surrounding the BLM’s role in wilderness designation and management. Parts of FLPMA relating specifically to Wilderness are found in Subchapter VI \"\"Designated Management Areas (§§ 1781 to 1787)\"\" under \"\"43 U.S. Code § 1782 - Bureau of Land Management Wilderness Study.\"\" Here, the BLM is also given power to designate Wilderness and are given 15 years", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 49 } ]
test_3418	who plays the lion in the movie zookeeper?	n/a	[ "Sylvester Stallone" ]	[]	n/a	n/a	n/a	[]	[ { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17352313", "chunk_text": "\"Zookeeper (film)\"\nZookeeper (film) Zookeeper is a 2011 American comedy film directed by Frank Coraci, starring Kevin James, Rosario Dawson, Leslie Bibb, Joe Rogan and featuring the voices of Nick Nolte, Sylvester Stallone, Adam Sandler, Don Rickles, Judd Apatow, Cher, Jon Favreau, and Faizon Love. It revolves around an unlucky zookeeper who turns to the animals at his zoo to help him find love. It was the first MGM movie to be co-produced with Happy Madison, yet distributed by Columbia Pictures. The film was released on July 8, 2011. This was the last full-length film Don Rickles starred in before his death", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 0 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2238831", "chunk_text": "\"Zookeeper (film)\"\nthe Bear (Jon Favreau) suggests that they teach Griffin their animal mating techniques, but Joe the Lion (Sylvester Stallone) protests, reminding them that it's against the animal code to talk to humans. Donald the Monkey (Adam Sandler) says that Stephanie will be at the zoo tomorrow, and all the animals have to do is make Griffin look like a hero in front of her. The next day, Donald unlocks the door to the lion enclosure and lets Joe out, who confronts Stephanie and Dave's fiancée Robin (Steffiana de la Cruz). Kate (Rosario Dawson), the zoo's vet, manages to get them", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 1 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17352328", "chunk_text": "\"Zookeeper (film)\"\nand besides, I'm getting a teensy bit exhausted by cute little animated animals. The creatures in this zoo all have the excellent taste to be in 2D.\"\" Zookeeper (film) Zookeeper is a 2011 American comedy film directed by Frank Coraci, starring Kevin James, Rosario Dawson, Leslie Bibb, Joe Rogan and featuring the voices of Nick Nolte, Sylvester Stallone, Adam Sandler, Don Rickles, Judd Apatow, Cher, Jon Favreau, and Faizon Love. It revolves around an unlucky zookeeper who turns to the animals at his zoo to help him find love. It was the first MGM movie to be co-produced with Happy", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 2 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17352314", "chunk_text": "\"Zookeeper (film)\"\nin 2017. Filming began in Boston on August 17, 2009. The film received negative reviews from critics and it earned $169.8 million on a $80 million budget. A zookeeper named Griffin Keyes (Kevin James) sets up a plan to propose to the love of his life Stephanie (Leslie Bibb), but she rejects him and claims that his career as a zookeeper is what is keeping her away, therefore breaking Griffin's heart. Five years later, Griffin is shown to be the lead zookeeper at the Franklin Park Zoo who cares deeply for the zoo animals. That night, Griffin holds a party", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 3 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17352322", "chunk_text": "\"Zookeeper (film)\"\na release in October 2010, which was then released on July 8, 2011. Filming ended on October 30, 2009. Tweet, the giraffe who rose to fame as a star in the classic Toys \"\"R\"\" Us commercials (by being cast as Geoffrey, the company's official mascot) and who appeared alongside Jim Carrey in the film \"\"\"\", died after filming \"\"Zookeeper\"\" at the Franklin Park Zoo. The 18-year-old giraffe collapsed during feeding and in the care of his trainer. Tai the elephant was featured in a video, reportedly filmed in 2005 and released in 2011 by Animal Defenders International (ADI), which showed", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 4 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17352317", "chunk_text": "\"Zookeeper (film)\"\naway from Joe, but Griffin fails to jump into the lion enclosure, ruining the animals' plan. When he climbs out of the enclosure, Joe yells at Griffin, causing Griffin to believe he has gone mad. The next night, all the animals break their code of silence and tell Griffin that they will teach him what to do to win Stephanie. Griffin learns their different mating rituals, but ends up humiliating himself in front of the other zookeepers and the guests. Griffin then has a talk with Bernie (Nick Nolte), a forlorn gorilla who was moved into a deep enclosure after", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 5 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17352318", "chunk_text": "\"Zookeeper (film)\"\nallegedly attacking a zookeeper named Shane (Donnie Wahlberg). Bernie explains to Griffin that Shane abuses the animals and he fell when he was abusing Bernie. He lied and said that Bernie attacked him, causing Bernie to lose his trust in humans. Griffin discovers that Stephanie is dating her other ex-boyfriend, a bullying alpha-male named Gale (Joe Rogan). Joe's mate Janet (Cher) tells Griffin that the best way to attract a female is to be seen with another female, so Griffin asks Kate to go with him to Dave and Robin's wedding. Griffin then takes Bernie to T.G.I. Friday's and they", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 6 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3160630", "chunk_text": "\"The Zookeeper (2001 film)\"\norphaned wolf cub. \"\"The Zookeeper\"\" was filmed at several locations in the Czech Republic including Brandýs nad Labem-Stará Boleslav, Doksany, the town of Milovice in the Nymburk District, and Prague. The \"\"Variety\"\" reviewer Robert Koehler praised Ralph Ziman and Matthew Bishop's for exploring Sam Neill's character Ludovic. Koehler also praised Neill's portrayal of Ludvoic, whom he described as a \"\"man who has emotionally shut down but can’t stop the world from marching back in.\"\" Despite commending Piotr Kukla's lensing and Ziman's juxtaposition of explosions in the zoo scenes, Koehler criticized Nikolaj Egelund's score as a poor imitation of Lisa Gerrard's", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 7 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10247789", "chunk_text": "\"The Lion King (2019 film)\"\nplay Timon and Pumbaa respectively. In July 2017, John Oliver was cast as Zazu. In August 2017, Alfre Woodard and John Kani were announced to play Sarabi and Rafiki, respectively. Earlier in March 2017, it was announced that Beyoncé was Favreau's top choice for the role of Nala and that the director and studio would be willing to do whatever it took to accommodate her busy schedule. Later on November 1, 2017, her role was confirmed in an official announcement, which also confirmed that Chiwetel Ejiofor would play the role of Scar as he had impressed Favreau after watching his", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 8 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "775643", "chunk_text": "\"The Zookeeper's Wife (film)\"\nThe Zookeeper's Wife (film) The Zookeeper's Wife is a 2017 war drama film directed by Niki Caro, written by Angela Workman and based on Diane Ackerman's non-fiction book of the same name. The film tells the true story of how Jan and Antonina Żabiński rescued hundreds of Jews from the Germans by hiding them in their Warsaw zoo during World War II. It stars Jessica Chastain, Johan Heldenbergh, Daniel Brühl and Michael McElhatton. The film had its world premiere on March 8, 2017 in Warsaw, Poland, the location of the story, followed by its US premiere at the Cinequest Film", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 9 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20618807", "chunk_text": "\"The Lion King\"\nNala, but she had not accepted the role yet due to a pregnancy. In April 2017, Billy Eichner and Seth Rogen joined the film as Timon and Pumbaa, respectively. Two months later, John Oliver was cast as Zazu. At the end of July 2017, had reportedly entered final negotiations to play Nala and contribute the soundtrack as well. The following month, Chiwetel Ejiofor entered talks to play Scar. Later on, Alfre Woodard and John Kani joined the film as Sarabi and Rafiki, respectively. On November 1, 2017, and Chiwetel Ejiofor were officially confirmed to voice Nala and Scar with Eric", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 10 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "775644", "chunk_text": "\"The Zookeeper's Wife (film)\"\nFestival in San Jose, California, on March 12, 2017. The film was released in the United States on March 31, 2017, by Focus Features, and by Universal Pictures International in the United Kingdom on April 21, 2017. It received mixed reviews from critics but a positive response from audiences and grossed $26 million worldwide. Dr. Jan Żabiński (Johan Heldenbergh) is the director of the Warsaw Zoo, one of the largest and most prolific zoos in 1930s Europe. He is aided by his wife, Antonina (Jessica Chastain). On September 1, 1939, the aerial bombardment of Warsaw commences as German forces storm", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 11 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3160623", "chunk_text": "\"The Zookeeper (2001 film)\"\ncapital city, a former Interior Ministry official and Communist party member named Ludovic (Sam Neill) works at a zoo. He receives a letter from his estranged daughter Anna in Paris who wants to reconcile with her father. With the city under siege, Ludovic volunteers to help the Indian veterinary (Om Puri) to look after the animals until they can safely evacuate them. Due to scarce supplies, they are forced to put the animals on rations. Elsewhere, the orphaned Zioig is picked up by a truck carrying United Nations peacekeepers. During the journey, he jumps out of the truck while the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 12 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17352324", "chunk_text": "\"Zookeeper (film)\"\nwere not harmed during production. In an interview, Coraci stated, \"\"...We worked with people who love their animals and [the American] Humane Association was there to ensure that they were being treated correctly. We didn’t do anything that we shouldn’t do. We treated the animals with love and respect.\"\" \"\"Zookeeper\"\" made its debut in 3,482 theaters in the United States and Canada. It grossed $7.4 million on its opening day and $20.1 million on its opening weekend, ranking it #3 for the weekend behind holdover \"\"\"\" and newcomer \"\"Horrible Bosses\"\". The film earned a worldwide total of $169,852,759. Rotten Tomatoes,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 13 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16221869", "chunk_text": "\"Matthew Broderick\"\nMatthew Broderick Matthew Broderick (born March 21, 1962) is an American actor and singer. His roles include the title character in \"\"Ferris Bueller's Day Off\"\" (1986), the voice of the adult Simba in Disney's \"\"The Lion King\"\" trilogy (1994–2004), David Lightman in the Cold War thriller \"\"WarGames\"\" (1983), and Leo Bloom in the Broadway production of \"\"The Producers\"\" (2005), and John Brown in Inspector Gadget (1999). Broderick has won two Tony Awards, one for Best Featured Actor in a Play for \"\"Brighton Beach Memoirs\"\" (1983), and one for Best Actor in a Musical for \"\"How to Succeed in Business Without", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 14 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3160627", "chunk_text": "\"The Zookeeper (2001 film)\"\nkind to her son in order to help him. While Ludovic spends time with Zioig, Ankica reads through Ludovic's diaries. When Dragov and his militia return to seize the farm animals for food, Ludovic hides Ankica inside a barn. While Dragov and one of his men Slavko (Srdjan Simeonovich) search the barn, Ludovic distracts them by giving them a lion cub as a mascot. After the militiamen leave, Ankica kisses Ludovic out of gratitude. Ludovic comforts the distraught Zioig, who is troubled by the suffering zoo animals. When Ludovic discovers that Ankica has been reading through his diaries, he angrily", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 15 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20177130", "chunk_text": "\"The Zookeeper's Wife (film)\"\nannounced that Angela Workman was adapting Diane Ackerman's non-fiction book, \"\"The Zookeeper's Wife.\"\" On April 30, 2013, Jessica Chastain was attached to play the titular role as Antonina Żabińska, while Niki Caro signed on to direct the film. On August 24, 2015, Focus Features acquired the US rights to the film, and Daniel Brühl and Johan Heldenbergh signed on to star in it. Filming began with the animals on September 9, 2015, and principal photography with the actors began on September 29, 2015, in Prague, Czech Republic. Suzie Davies served as the production designer, Andrij Parekh as the director of", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 16 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14204946", "chunk_text": "\"Kevin Richardson (zookeeper)\"\nexecutive producers. The film was shot at the Kingdom of the White Lion, SA Lion Park, Nash's farm, Glen Afric, and Entabeni Game Reserve. The South African-based company Peru Productions Pty. Ltd.'s first feature film was \"\"White Lion\"\". Richardson is married and has two children. His wife Mandy is marketing manager of Richardson. They have a son, Tyler, born in 2009, and a daughter, Jessica, born in July 2013. Kevin Richardson (zookeeper) Kevin Rene Richardson (born 8 October 1974), known as \"\"The Lion Whisperer\"\", is a South African self-taught zookeeper who has worked with African lions. Kevin Richardson was born", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 17 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15269202", "chunk_text": "\"Lion (2016 film)\"\nLion (2016 film) Lion is a 2016 biographical drama film directed by Garth Davis (in his feature debut) and written by Luke Davies, based on the non-fiction book \"\"A Long Way Home\"\" by Saroo Brierley. The film stars Dev Patel, Rooney Mara, David Wenham and Nicole Kidman, as well as Abhishek Bharate, Divian Ladwa, Priyanka Bose, Deepti Naval, Tannishtha Chatterjee, Nawazuddin Siddiqui and Sunny Pawar, and tells the true story of how Brierley, 25 years after being separated from his family in Burhanpur, sets out to find them. The film, which had its world premiere at the Toronto International Film", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 18 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3160631", "chunk_text": "\"The Zookeeper (2001 film)\"\nsignature vocal music. Rotten Tomatoes gave \"\"The Zookeeper\"\" an audience review score of 46%. Rotten Tomatoes critic Andrea Chase described the movie as \"\"a haunting film, superbly directed, and filmed with a harsh beauty\"\". The \"\"Zookeeper\"\" won the 2001 Fort Lauderdale International Film Festival's awards for Best Film (Ralph Ziman) and Best Actor (Sam Neill). Ziman also won the 2002 Taos Talking Picture Festival's Land Grant Award. The Zookeeper (2001 film) The Zookeeper is an independent 2001 drama film directed by Ralph Ziman. It was screened at the 2001 Toronto International Film Festival and the 2001 Fort Lauderdale International Film", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 19 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15786535", "chunk_text": "\"The Beekeeper (film)\"\nThe Beekeeper (film) The Beekeeper (, translit. O Melissokomos) is a 1986 Greek drama art film directed by Theodoros Angelopoulos. The film is the second installment in Angelopoulos's \"\"trilogy of silence\"\", preceded by \"\"Voyage to Cythera\"\" and followed by \"\"Landscape in the Mist\"\". \"\"The Beekeeper\"\" was nominated for the Golden Lion in the 43rd Venice International Film Festival. The film was the first of Angelopoulos's to use an already well-known actor, in this case, Marcello Mastroianni, who by the time has won the Best Actor award at the 1970 Cannes Film Festival once and has been nominated for the Best", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 20 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10247785", "chunk_text": "\"The Lion King (2019 film)\"\nThe Lion King (2019 film) The Lion King is an upcoming American drama film directed by Jon Favreau and produced by Walt Disney Pictures. It is a photorealistic computer animated remake of Disney's traditionally animated 1994 film of the same name. The film features the voices of Donald Glover, Seth Rogen, Chiwetel Ejiofor, Billy Eichner, John Oliver, Keegan-Michael Key, Beyoncé Knowles-Carter, and James Earl Jones. Plans for a remake of \"\"The Lion King\"\" were confirmed in September 2016 following the success of Favreau's \"\"The Jungle Book\"\". Much of the main cast signed in early 2017 and principal photography began in", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 21 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17352325", "chunk_text": "\"Zookeeper (film)\"\na review aggregator, reports that 14% of 130 surveyed critics gave the film a positive review; the average rating is 3.4/10. The site's critical consensus reads, \"\"\"\"Zookeeper\"\" smothers Kevin James's inherent likability with a sodden script and a surfeit of jokes inappropriate for the young viewers who would be intrigued by its juvenile storyline.\"\" On Metacritic, the film has a score of 30 out of 100 based on 29 critics, indicating \"\"generally unfavorable reviews\"\". Audiences polled by CinemaScore gave the film an average grade of \"\"B+\"\" on an A+ to F scale. Mary Pols of \"\"Time\"\" magazine named it one", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 22 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17352327", "chunk_text": "\"Zookeeper (film)\"\nMr. Plinkett reviews) did an episode of the show \"\"Half in the Bag\"\" reviewing the film's first trailer. The hosts sarcastically praised the trailer as if they thought it was a fake, well crafted parody of a tired subset of the comedy genre, at one point noting \"\"All they were missing was a wise cracking sidekick for Kevin James, played by a rapper.\"\" Roger Ebert of the \"\"Chicago Sun-Times\"\" published a three-out-of-four star review, stating, \"\"Look, a great movie this is not. A pleasant summer entertainment it is. I think it can play for all ages in a family audience...", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 23 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10247786", "chunk_text": "\"The Lion King (2019 film)\"\nmid-2017 on a blue screen stage in Los Angeles. The film is scheduled to be released on July 19, 2019. Additionally, John Kani voices Rafiki, a wise mandrill who serves as the shaman of the Pride Lands and a close friend of Mufasa's. Florence Kasumba and Eric Andre portray as Shenzi and Azizi, two hyenas and Scar's henchmen. While Shenzi is a character that featured in the original film, Azizi replaces Ed from the original film. Alfre Woodard voices Sarabi, queen of the Pride Lands, Mufasa's mate, and Simba's mother. Amy Sedaris voices an unspecified elephant shrew, a character not", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 24 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9758182", "chunk_text": "\"The Lion King (franchise)\"\norder to defeat the Lion Guard and take over the Pride Lands. In 2016, it was announced that Disney is developing a \"\"Lion King\"\" remake with Jon Favreau directing. Reports stated that animation styles will be similar to Favreau's 2016 film \"\"The Jungle Book\"\" and will shoot it back to back with \"\"The Jungle Book\"\" sequel. The film's voice cast will feature Donald Glover as Simba, James Earl Jones reprising his role as Mufasa, and Billy Eichner and Seth Rogen as Timon and Pumbaa respectively. The movie will be produced by Fairview Entertainment. In April 2017, Disney announced that the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 25 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8395002", "chunk_text": "\"The Zookeeper's Wife\"\nTimes\"\" non-fiction best seller list. In 2008, \"\"The Zookeeper's Wife\"\" won the annual Orion Book Award from \"\"Orion Magazine\"\"; the selection committee noted, \"\"\"\"The Zookeeper's Wife\"\" is a groundbreaking work of nonfiction in which the human relationship to nature is explored in an absolutely original way through looking at the Holocaust.\"\" In 2013, plans were announced for a an eponymous feature film adaptation. The film is based on a screenplay by Angela Workman, directed by Niki Caro, and starring Jessica Chastain, Johan Heldenbergh, Michael McElhatton and Daniel Brühl. The film was released on March 31, 2017. The Zookeeper's Wife The", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 26 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10247790", "chunk_text": "\"The Lion King (2019 film)\"\nantagonistic performance as Baron Mordo in \"\"Doctor Strange\"\" (2016). Other stars Eric Andre, Florence Kasumba, and Keegan-Michael Key will be the voices of Azizi, Shenzi and Kamari while JD McCrary and Shahadi Wright Joseph will be the voices of young Simba and young Nala, respectively. In November 2018, Amy Sedaris was announced as having been cast in a role created for the film. Production on the film commenced in mid-2017 in Los Angeles, California, utilizing \"\"virtual-reality tools\"\", per Visual Effects Supervisor Rob Legato. Virtual Production Supervisor Girish Balakrishnan said on his professional website that the filmmakers used motion capture and", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 27 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11043418", "chunk_text": "\"Mark Fleischmann\"\nMark Fleischmann Mark Fleischmann (born 1972) is a British actor. Mark Fleischmann was born in 1972 and grew up in Hampstead Garden Suburb. After graduating from the Central School of Speech and Drama in London Fleischmann appeared in several films, television series and theater plays. His acting career began in Edinburgh, where he played a hyena in the Lion King musical. After it he organised and run comedy club nights in British pubs. In 2008 Mark Fleischmann played a main role in \"\"The Collector\"\", which was shown at the Arcola Theatre in London. In 2010 he got a role as", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 28 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15269211", "chunk_text": "\"Lion (2016 film)\"\nscreenplay, Screenwriter Luke Davies acknowledged the challenges of adapting a book that is primarily about an online search. In October 2014, Dev Patel and Nicole Kidman were cast in the film for the lead roles, although they were nominated in supporting categories. In January 2015, Nawazuddin Siddiqui, Priyanka Bose, Tannishtha Chatterjee, and Deepti Naval joined the cast. In April 2015, Rooney Mara, David Wenham, and Divian Ladwa also joined the cast. Pallavi Sharda also joined the film's cast to play Saroo's friend. Hauschka and Dustin O'Halloran composed the film's score. Principal photography on the film began in January 2015 in", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 29 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20170730", "chunk_text": "\"Adam Sandler\"\nwrote the script and Dennis Dugan directed the film. Sandler starred with Jennifer Aniston in the 2011 romantic comedy film \"\"Just Go with It\"\". Sandler also voiced a capuchin monkey in Kevin James's \"\"Zookeeper\"\", released on July 8, 2011. In 2012, he starred in \"\"That's My Boy\"\", as a man who fathered a son (Andy Samberg) with his teacher in high school. Sandler starred with Drew Barrymore in the Warner Bros. romantic comedy \"\"Blended\"\", which was filmed in South Africa, and was released on May 23, 2014. In 2013, he guest starred in the Disney Channel Original Series \"\"Jessie\"\" as", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 30 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "775645", "chunk_text": "\"The Zookeeper's Wife (film)\"\nPoland. Bombs raze the zoo cages, killing many animals while others escape into the streets. Antonina and her son Ryszard (Timothy Radford and later, Val Maloku) barely survive. As Polish resistance collapses, Dr. Lutz Heck (Daniel Brühl), the head of the Berlin Zoo and Adolf Hitler's chief zoologist and Jan's professional rival, arrives at the zoo when Jan is away. He offers to house the prized animals and return them to Warsaw after the war. Heck later returns with Nazi soldiers to shoot the remaining animals. It becomes evident that Heck has developed a romantic interest in Antonina. Warsaw undergoes", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 31 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17352321", "chunk_text": "\"Zookeeper (film)\"\nthat Kate is heading to the airport. Griffin heads out to stop her, though he does make a stop first to beat up Shane. Then, with Bernie's help, Griffin manages to catch up with Kate on the bridge and confesses his love for her. Six months later, Griffin and Kate are back working at the zoo and Bernie is now living in a new enclosure where he gets a great view of the city. When Bernie asks what a \"\"Benihana\"\" is, Griffin asks Bernie if he still has his Izod. Filming began in Boston on August 17, 2009, aiming for", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 32 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14204934", "chunk_text": "\"Kevin Richardson (zookeeper)\"\nKevin Richardson (zookeeper) Kevin Rene Richardson (born 8 October 1974), known as \"\"The Lion Whisperer\"\", is a South African self-taught zookeeper who has worked with African lions. Kevin Richardson was born in the Nightingale Clinic in Johannesburg, South Africa, on the 8th of October, 1974. He spent his childhood in the neighbourhood of Orange Grove. His mother, Patricia, worked for Barclays Bank and was also born in South Africa. Richardson's father, who worked for a pharmaceutical company, was born in the United Kingdom and moved to South Africa from Reading, Berkshire. Kevin Richardson is the youngest of four children: he", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 33 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16789293", "chunk_text": "\"Jason Raize\"\nJason Raize Jason Raize Rothenberg (July 20, 1975 – February 3, 2004), known professionally as Jason Raize, was an American actor, singer and former Goodwill Ambassador for the United Nations Environment Programme. He was best known for his roles as the adult Simba in the Broadway stage musical version of \"\"The Lion King\"\" and the voice of Denahi in the animated Disney film \"\"Brother Bear\"\". Born Jason Raize Rothenberg, in Oneonta, New York, he grew up in the Catskills in upstate New York and started acting as a teenager, when his stepmother enrolled him in a summer Shakespeare workshop. In", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 34 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5287660", "chunk_text": "\"Crystal the Monkey\"\nharmed\"\" since the group was denied set visits. Ken Jeong, Crystal's fellow \"\"Hangover\"\", as well as \"\"Community\"\", actor, praised her, saying, \"\"She's amazing. She's not a monkey, she's an actor. And quite possibly the best actor I've worked with.\"\" In 2011 she played Donald the Monkey in the Frank Coraci-directed film \"\"Zookeeper\"\" and was voiced by Adam Sandler. Crystal also played Crystal the Capuchin in the Cameron Crowe-directed film \"\"We Bought a Zoo\"\". After gymnast Gabby Douglas's gold medal-winning performance at 2012 Summer Olympics individual all-around, NBC aired a commercial of Crystal swinging on gymnastic rings. Wallace of the magazine", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 35 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15269220", "chunk_text": "\"Lion (2016 film)\"\nwas nominated in. Lion (2016 film) Lion is a 2016 biographical drama film directed by Garth Davis (in his feature debut) and written by Luke Davies, based on the non-fiction book \"\"A Long Way Home\"\" by Saroo Brierley. The film stars Dev Patel, Rooney Mara, David Wenham and Nicole Kidman, as well as Abhishek Bharate, Divian Ladwa, Priyanka Bose, Deepti Naval, Tannishtha Chatterjee, Nawazuddin Siddiqui and Sunny Pawar, and tells the true story of how Brierley, 25 years after being separated from his family in Burhanpur, sets out to find them. The film, which had its world premiere at the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 36 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14634234", "chunk_text": "\"The Lion Man\"\nThe Lion Man The Lion Man is a New Zealand television documentary series about a New Zealand big cat park called Zion Wildlife Gardens. The series was named after Craig Busch, the park's founder, who had styled himself as \"\"the Lion Man\"\". The series followed Busch and the park's employees as they managed the park and its collection of approximately 30 lions and tigers of various species, and other animals. As well as first-hand comment from Busch and his staff, the series was narrated throughout by Paul Casserley in New Zealand and actor Miles Anderson in the United Kingdom. The", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 37 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10247788", "chunk_text": "\"The Lion King (2019 film)\"\nIn November, talking with ComingSoon.net, Favreau said the virtual cinematography technology he used in \"\"The Jungle Book\"\" would be used to a greater degree in \"\"The Lion King\"\". Although the media reported \"\"The Lion King\"\" to be a live-action film, it actually utilizes photorealistic computer-generated animation. Disney also did not describe it as live-action, only stating it would follow the \"\"technologically groundbreaking\"\" approach of \"\"The Jungle Book\"\". In mid-February 2017, Donald Glover was cast as Simba, with James Earl Jones reprising his role as Mufasa from the 1994 film. In April 2017, Billy Eichner and Seth Rogen were cast to", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 38 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15786540", "chunk_text": "\"The Beekeeper (film)\"\nwas nominated for Golden Lion at the 43rd Venice International Film Festival. The Beekeeper (film) The Beekeeper (, translit. O Melissokomos) is a 1986 Greek drama art film directed by Theodoros Angelopoulos. The film is the second installment in Angelopoulos's \"\"trilogy of silence\"\", preceded by \"\"Voyage to Cythera\"\" and followed by \"\"Landscape in the Mist\"\". \"\"The Beekeeper\"\" was nominated for the Golden Lion in the 43rd Venice International Film Festival. The film was the first of Angelopoulos's to use an already well-known actor, in this case, Marcello Mastroianni, who by the time has won the Best Actor award at the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 39 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17352315", "chunk_text": "\"Zookeeper (film)\"\nat the zoo for his brother Dave (Nat Faxon) who is getting married, but freaks out when he discovers that Stephanie was invited. Dave offers Griffin to come and work with him at a car dealership, explaining that it is the best way to get Stephanie back. Griffin contemplates quitting his job at the zoo and joining his brother at the dealership. Later, the animals hold a meeting saying that they think Griffin is the best zookeeper at the zoo and don't want him to leave, so they decide to find some way to help him win Stephanie's heart. Jerome", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 40 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12900948", "chunk_text": "Lion\nWizard of Oz\"\". Lion symbolism was used from the advent of cinema; one of the most iconic and widely recognised lions is Leo, which has been the mascot for Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer (MGM) studios since the 1920s. The 1960s saw the appearance of the Kenyan lioness Elsa in the movie \"\"Born Free\"\", which is based on the factual book of the same title. The lion's role as king of the beasts has been used in cartoons, such as the 1994 Disney animated feature film \"\"The Lion King\"\". Tiger versus lion Lion The lion (\"\"Panthera leo\"\") is a species in the family Felidae;", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 41 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13253919", "chunk_text": "\"Robert Guillaume\"\nRobert Guillaume Robert Guillaume (born Robert Peter Williams; November 30, 1927 – October 24, 2017) was an American actor, known for his role as Isaac Jaffe on \"\"Sports Night\"\" and as Benson in the television series \"\"Soap\"\" and the spin-off \"\"Benson\"\", as well as for voicing the mandrill Rafiki in \"\"The Lion King\"\". In a career that spanned more than 50 years he worked extensively on stage, television and film. For his efforts he was nominated for a Tony Award for his portrayal of Nathan Detroit in \"\"Guys and Dolls\"\", and twice won an Emmy Award for his portrayal of", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 42 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "694300", "chunk_text": "\"The Lion King\"\nFor the hyenas, the original intention was to reunite Cheech & Chong, but while Cheech Marin accepted to play Banzai, Tommy Chong was unavailable. Thus his role was changed into a female hyena, Shenzi, who was voiced by Whoopi Goldberg. Matthew Broderick was cast as adult Simba early during production, and during the three years of voice acting only recorded with another actor once, and only discovered Moira Kelly voiced Nala at the premiere. English actors Tim Curry and Malcolm McDowell were originally considered for the role of Scar, however, Curry left the role due to \"\"\"\", and it was", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 43 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20177133", "chunk_text": "\"The Zookeeper's Wife (film)\"\nSteven Goldstein. The film speakers were joined by Sarah O'Hagan of the International Rescue Committee. The evening's topic of discussion was the rescue of Jewish refugees during the Holocaust, and the current refugee crisis in Europe. The film began running on HBO on December 23, 2017. \"\"The Zookeeper's Wife\"\" grossed $17.6 million in the United States and Canada and $8.6 million in other territories for a worldwide total of $26.1 million, against a production budget of $20 million. In North America, the film grossed $3.3 million in its opening weekend from 541 theaters (a per-theater average of $6,191), finishing 10th", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 44 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3160624", "chunk_text": "\"The Zookeeper (2001 film)\"\npeacekeepers are asleep and steals two boxes of supplies. Back in the capital city, Ludovic encounters the militia leader Dragov (Ulrich Thomsen) at a checkpoint. Despite lacking identity papers, Dragov lets him through because they are of the same race. Ludovic moves into the zoo and helps the veterinary to look after the animals. Ludovic develops an attachment to a female gibbon named \"\"Luisa.\"\" While visiting the wolves' pen, Ludovic encounters the orphaned Zioig and tells the boy to leave. Amidst the fighting, Ludovic befriends the Vet while drinking. The Vet tells Ludovic that good men do the right thing", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 45 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10247793", "chunk_text": "\"The Lion King (2019 film)\"\nreleased on July 19, 2019, which marks the 25th anniversary of the release of the original film. \"\"The Lion King\"\" will be one of the first theatrical films to be released on Disney+ alongside \"\"Toy Story 4\"\", \"\"Frozen 2\"\" and \"\"Captain Marvel\"\". The Lion King (2019 film) The Lion King is an upcoming American drama film directed by Jon Favreau and produced by Walt Disney Pictures. It is a photorealistic computer animated remake of Disney's traditionally animated 1994 film of the same name. The film features the voices of Donald Glover, Seth Rogen, Chiwetel Ejiofor, Billy Eichner, John Oliver, Keegan-Michael", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 46 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "694301", "chunk_text": "\"The Lion King\"\nultimately won by English actor Jeremy Irons. Irons had at first refused the role due to not being comfortable going from the dramatic performance as Claus von Bülow in \"\"Reversal of Fortune\"\" to a comedic role. But once he came in, Irons' performance even inspired the writers to incorporate more of his acting as von Bülow—adding one of that character's lines, \"\"You have no idea\"\"—and animator Andreas Deja to watch both \"\"Reversal of Fortune\"\" and \"\"Damage\"\" to pick up Irons's facial traits and tics. The development of \"\"The Lion King\"\" coincided with that of \"\"Pocahontas\"\", which most of the animators", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 47 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10141676", "chunk_text": "\"The Wolf of Wall Street (2013 film)\"\nscreen effects or low light were shot with the digital Arri Alexa. The film contains 400–450 VFX shots. \"\"The Wolf of Wall Street\"\" uses animals including a chimpanzee, a lion, a snake, a fish, and dogs. The chimpanzee and the lion were provided by the Big Cat Habitat wildlife sanctuary in Sarasota County, Florida. The four-year-old chimpanzee Chance spent time with actor Leonardo DiCaprio and learned to roller skate over the course of three weeks. The sanctuary also provided a lion named Handsome because the film's trading company used a lion for its symbol. Danny Porush, Jordan Belfort's real-life partner,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 48 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18593200", "chunk_text": "\"Seth Rogen\"\ncast as the voice of the warthog Pumbaa in a remake of the animated musical film \"\"The Lion King\"\" (1994), which is expected to be released on July 19, 2019. He will play Fred Flarsky, an unemployed journalist who pursues his childhood love interest and babysitter (played by Charlize Theron) who has become one of most powerful people in the world, in the comedy \"\"Flarsky\"\" (2019). The actor is also expected to play broadcast journalist Walter Cronkite in the historical drama \"\"Newsflash\"\", which will reunite Rogen with \"\"Pineapple Express\"\" director David Gordon Green. Rogen filmed scenes for the James Franco", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 49 } ]
test_3419	what is the speed of the nascar pace car?	n/a	[ "pit road speed" ]	[]	n/a	n/a	n/a	[]	[ { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12596883", "chunk_text": "\"NASCAR rules and regulations\"\nfive minutes, the grand marshal for the race will deliver the command \"\"Drivers, start your engines!\"\", at which point each car must start its engine. With the engines running, the cars sit on pit road for approximately three minutes before heading on the track for some warm-up laps before the pace car. The average number of pace laps is three, but there can be more or less depending on a wide variety of circumstances and conditions, including but not limited to track length, track drying efforts after rain, or if a car has a problem and stops on the track", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 0 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13262472", "chunk_text": "\"NASCAR Arcade\"\nwould have the machine set to read the speed in MPH while cruise ships and international attractions would set the speed to KM/H. The tracks to select from are Talladega Superspeedway, Richmond International Raceway and Watkins Glen International (and a \"\"Team SEGA\"\" secret track, available with a code on machines that have more than 700 played games). The goal of the game is to complete four laps and finish the race in either first, second, or third place before the timer reaches zero. Time is extended for each lap the player manages to complete; overtaking vehicles on the race course", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 1 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11956096", "chunk_text": "\"2009 NASCAR Sprint Cup Series\"\n(2001) it was one every 63 miles. Ten years ago it was one every 72 miles. Lead changes were down this year, with one coming every 20 miles compared to last year's once every 17 miles. That's at least one extra lap between lead changes, sometimes more. Average speed, which is obviously tied to number of cautions, was also down this year. This year's average speed during Fox races was 118 mph. Last year it was 124 mph. In 2001 it was 128 mph, and in 1999, before Fox arrived on the scene, it was 130 mph. NASCAR on TNT", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 2 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8745842", "chunk_text": "\"Safety car\"\nwhile Chrysler dealership affiliated tracks will use a Ram 1500. Ford-affiliated tracks will often use the F-Series, but Toyota-affiliated tracks are less likely to use the Toyota Tundra, but prefer marketing the Camry Hybrid. However, Ford and Toyota manufacturer sponsored tracks will prefer the Mustang and Camry, respectively, instead of a truck, and occasionally, pickup trucks have been used as pace vehicles for Sprint Cup and Xfinity races. Since NASCAR does not allow speedometers or electronic speed limiting devices, the pace car circles the track at pit road speed during the warm-up laps. This allows each driver to note the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 3 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13662939", "chunk_text": "\"Monster Energy NASCAR Cup Series\"\ninstituted the gear rule, Cup engines were capable of operating more than 10,000 rpm. A NASCAR Cup Series engine with the maximum bore of and stroke of at 9,000 rpm has a mean piston speed of 80.44 fps (24.75 m/s). Contemporary Cup engines run 9,800 rpm, 87.59 fps (26.95 m/s), at the road course events, on Pocono Raceway's long front stretch, and at Martinsville Speedway (a .526-mile short-track). At the backbone 1.5- to 2.0-mile tri-oval tracks of NASCAR, the engines produce over 850 hp running 92–9400 rpm for 500 miles, 600 mi for the Coca-Cola 600 Charlotte race. The front", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 4 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15139150", "chunk_text": "\"NASCAR rules and regulations\"\nthe car when refueling it. There is an established pit road speed limit for each race. Since NASCAR cars do not have speedometers, the first pace lap of each race is run at pit road speed so drivers can get a tachometer reading for pit speed. There are a variety of other safety rules (see penalties above) that must be followed. At the moment of caution or when there are two laps to go in the stage, pit road is immediately closed. NASCAR uses both a light at the end of pit road and a series of cameras to help", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 5 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12982326", "chunk_text": "\"ESPN Speed World\"\nsuperspeedways that are based on the actual NASCAR circuits of the 1990s. All the stock cars in the game have the capability to go up to 200 miles per hour (approximately 322 kilometers per hour). The object of the game is to get as close to first place as possible. This game uses Dr. Jerry Punch and an interactive pit crew to simulate the feeling of racing during the 1993 Winston Cup season. Like most racing games, being in the top positions gives the player more points than being in the bottom positions. Stock cars can be customized with a", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 6 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19082238", "chunk_text": "\"Safety in NASCAR\"\nTalladega), restrictor plates are used. There are some tracks, however, where restrictor plates are not mandated and therefore see faster speeds—specifically Atlanta Motor Speedway and Texas Motor Speedway. While Atlanta is generally considered the fastest track, restrictor plates are not mandated there. In 2004 and 2005, higher qualifying speeds were posted at Texas, earning it the title of the circuit's fastest track. Unrestricted, Sprint Cup cars produce over 750 horsepower (560 kW) and can run at speeds in excess of 200 mph. Rusty Wallace completed a 2004 test for NASCAR at Talladega in which he used an unrestricted motor to", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 7 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20250108", "chunk_text": "\"Safety in NASCAR\"\npit road crash. By April 1991, NASCAR implemented the current policy of pit road speed limits. The speed limit depends on the size of the track and the size of pit road. NASCAR uses an electronic scoring system, similar to the VASCAR system, to monitor the speeds of cars on pit road by measuring the time it takes to get from checkpoint to checkpoint. The cars are not equipped with speedometers, therefore during the pre-race warm-up laps, the cars are driven around the track at the pit road speed limit behind the pace car. The drivers then select a gear", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 8 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17139142", "chunk_text": "\"2011 NASCAR Sprint Cup Series\"\ndrivers decided to leave after the session, which included Reutimann, Martin Truex, Jr., Jimmie Johnson, and Bowyer. During the fifth session, held on the morning of January 22, 29 drivers participated, and Joey Logano was quickest with a speed of 197.516 mph. Brad Keselowski was quickest with a speed of 198.605 mph in the final session. Once the testing concluded, NASCAR managing director of competition John Darby commented that he did not expect to change the restrictor plate that they used in the January test sessions, leaving the opening at 29/32 inches. In the first exhibition race of the season,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 9 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8745818", "chunk_text": "\"Safety car\"\nSafety car In motorsport, a safety car or pace car is a car which limits the speed of competing cars on a racetrack in the case of a \"\"caution period\"\" such as an obstruction on the track or bad weather. The aim of the safety car is to enable the clearance of any obstruction under safer conditions, especially for marshals and/or await more favourable track conditions weather-wise. During a caution period the safety car (which generally consists of an aptly modified high-performance production car) enters the track ahead of the leader. Depending on the regulations in effect, competitors are not", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 10 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9747134", "chunk_text": "\"Advance Auto Parts Clash\"\n500. Previously, the weekend before the Daytona 500 featured only minor support events, and the Winston Cup competitors ordinarily would not have taken to the track until Wednesday. The Busch Clash allowed the Winston Cup regulars to kick off the week live on CBS. The 1987 race, won by Bill Elliott was completed at an average speed of 197.802 mph. It stands as the fastest sanctioned race in the history of NASCAR (though it was not an official points-paying event). The 2013 race (renamed the Sprint Unlimited at Daytona) introduced a new format incorporating the results of fan voting into", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 11 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3589384", "chunk_text": "\"Car of Tomorrow\"\nInternational Speedway, then on NASCAR's two shortest tracks, Bristol (0.533 mi) and Martinsville (0.526 mi.), the 1.5-mile Lowe's Motor Speedway, the 2.66 mile Talladega Superspeedway, and 2.0-mile Michigan International Speedway. Former NASCAR driver, current Sprint Cup pace car driver and Director of Cost Research Brett Bodine also tested the prototype car against cars prepared by current NASCAR teams. Drivers tested the CoT concurrently with the old car at some NASCAR tests and at special NASCAR-authorized sessions. Other testing sessions occurred at the half-mile Greenville-Pickens Speedway, Caraway Speedway in Asheboro, NC, and the one-mile North Carolina Speedway (now Rockingham Speedway), none", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 12 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12939060", "chunk_text": "\"2006 UAW-Ford 500\"\nin plate size) is a very fair situation for everybody. Once you're up around the 190s, what's two miles an hour? I don't see what the big deal is. The speed average is up because the corner speed remains better with the new asphalt. As far as running in a straight line, we're no faster than we've always run here.\"\" Despite the mandated change, NASCAR did not schedule an additional practice session. Live television coverage of the race, the thirtieth of thirty-six in the 2006 season, began in the United States at 1:00 p.m. Eastern Daylight Time on NBC. Rev.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 13 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18781111", "chunk_text": "\"2015 NASCAR Sprint All-Star Race\"\nsession with a time of 28.528 and a speed of . Kyle Busch, in his first race since breaking both his right leg and left foot at Daytona in February, was the fastest in the lone Sprint All-Star Race practice session with a time of 28.589 and a speed of . \"\"I was excited to get back in here, see my guys and get the taste of all that again,\"\" Busch said. \"\"Everything went according to plan and we had some decent speed in race trim. We're excited and hopefully, we can see that speed again tomorrow night.\"\" Paul Menard", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 14 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16287358", "chunk_text": "\"Monster Energy NASCAR Cup Series\"\non the track. The fastest track is Talladega Superspeedway, where the record average speed is and the record qualifying lap is , set by Bill Elliott in 1987. The record stands unlikely to be broken, as restrictor plates were made mandatory at superspeedways in 1988 to reduce speeds. The slowest tracks are Sonoma Raceway, a road course with a record average speed of only and a record qualifying lap of , and Martinsville Speedway, a short, nearly flat \"\"paper clip\"\" oval, with a record average speed of and a record qualifying lap of . The average speed of a race", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 15 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17641749", "chunk_text": "\"2011 Daytona 500\"\nthe speeds from the last two days of testing. I think we have some high-water marks at 197-and-a-half [miles per hour] which, depending on where they pulled up in the draft, it may be a little quick, but it's hard to say.\"\" Every test session began at 9 a.m. EST, stopped at 12:00 – 1:00 p.m. EST, and concluded at 5:00 p.m. EST. During the first session on the morning of January 20, 2011, thirty-three drivers participated, and Clint Bowyer was quickest with a speed of 184.216 mph while David Reutimann had the highest speed of 195.780 mph during the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 16 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16917865", "chunk_text": "\"Brett Bodine\"\nBrett Bodine Brett Elias Bodine III (born January 11, 1959) is a former NASCAR Winston Cup Series driver and is the current driver of the pace car in Cup Series events. Brett is the younger brother of 1986 Daytona 500 winner Geoff Bodine and the older brother of 2006 NASCAR Craftsman Truck Series champion Todd Bodine. He was born in Chemung, New York. Bodine attended Alfred State College and received an associate's degree in mechanical engineering before he became a professional race car driver. Growing up watching his brother Geoff race in the modifieds, Brett decided to embark on a", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 17 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17139141", "chunk_text": "\"2011 NASCAR Sprint Cup Series\"\nwhere they pulled up in the draft, it may be a little quick, but it's hard to say.\"\" During the first session on the morning of January 20, 2011, 33 drivers participated, and Clint Bowyer was quickest with a speed of 184.216 mph while David Reutimann had the highest speed of 195.780 mph during the second session in the afternoon. The third test session, scheduled for the morning of January 21, was canceled because of wet weather. During the fourth session, held during the afternoon, 34 drivers participated with Denny Hamlin being quickest with a speed of 196.868 mph. Several", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 18 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5814114", "chunk_text": "\"1971 Daytona 500\"\nwere manufactured with engine blocks and body sheet metal directly from the same Detroit factories that made normal passenger automobiles. Out of the 500 miles it takes to make a complete race, the average speed achieved at the 1971 Daytona 500 was . Today's Monster Energy NASCAR Cup Series vehicles can only go up to at today's Daytona 500. Overall, the maximum qualifying speed for the 1971 Daytona 500 time trials was more than . Forty cars were lined with legends like A. J. Foyt and David Pearson eventually acquiring top-five finishes at the end of this prestigious race. A.J.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 19 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4552915", "chunk_text": "\"2016 Can-Am 500\"\nalways told that the last thing NASCAR wanted to do would be to penalize the leader, and as you pull off onto the apron, you accelerate to the commitment line. If you are held by the pace car, you’re at a disadvantage as the leader and it allows everybody to catch you and catch up, so even in drivers’ meetings they’ve said, we know you’re going to pass the pace car; it’s okay. The majority of the tracks we go to, you naturally just gradually pull ahead of the pace car coming to pit lane. I mean, this happens all", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 20 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9444818", "chunk_text": "\"2016 Toyota/Save Mart 350\"\nThe largest such car club is the Sports Car Club of America. The preliminary entry list for the race included forty-one cars and was released on June 3, 2016 at 12:29 pm ET. Kyle Larson was the fastest in the first practice session with a time of 75.299 and a speed of . Dale Earnhardt Jr. was the fastest in the final practice session with a time of 75.175 and a speed of . Carl Edwards scored the pole for the race with a time of 1:14.799 and a speed of . He said that his pole lap \"\"was amazing,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 21 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8745843", "chunk_text": "\"Safety car\"\nRPM at which pit road speed is maintained. Drivers exceeding that speed on pit road will be penalized, typically a \"\"drive-through\"\" or \"\"stop and go\"\" penalty, costing them valuable track position. Since mid-2004, NASCAR official Brett Bodine has driven the vehicle during official race functions during Monster Energy NASCAR Cup Series races. Other famous NASCAR pace car drivers include Robert \"\"Buster\"\" Auton and Elmo Langley. At many races, NASCAR has an honorary pace car driver that actually drives a car during the parade laps . Depending on the drivers skill, some drivers are allowed to pace the field right up", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 22 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7521735", "chunk_text": "\"Speed Energy Formula Off-Road\"\nthe trucks raced on a shortened course that bypasses turns 6 to 12. For the final laps of the Road America race, however, the drivers raced through the entire course. Powered by a 600-hp Chevrolet LS V8 engine, the trucks weigh and are built with a steel-tube frame and fiberglass body. The trucks are 13'5\"\" long and 5'2\"\" high, feature a three-speed transmission and can reach speeds as high as . A portion of the frame protects the driver from rolls. The truck's high center of mass and soft suspension makes the vehicle prone to rolling. Next to the driver", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 23 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8095198", "chunk_text": "\"Auto racing\"\nthe same time, depending on the class of racing. Vehicles range from the everyday car to the purpose-built dragster. Speeds and elapsed time differ from class to class. Average street cars cover the ¼ mile in 12 to 16 seconds, whereas a top fuel dragster takes 4.5 seconds or less, reaching speeds of up to . Drag racing was organized as a sport by Wally Parks in the early 1950s through the NHRA (National Hot Rod Association). The NHRA was formed to discourage street racing. When launching, a top fuel dragster will accelerate at 3.4 g (33 m/s²), and when", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 24 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11156119", "chunk_text": "\"Speed Circuit\"\ntheir own tracks. The game was based on a points distribution system to specify characteristics of each car: Start Speed, Acceleration, Deceleration, Top Speed and Tire Wear. Each space moved was equal to 20 MPH. While Speed Circuit is out of print the game is still actively played at boardgame conventions such as PREZCON held in Charlottesville, VA, annually in February and at WBC (World Boardgaming Championships) held in Seven Springs, PA, annually in July/August. Novice players are welcome to learn the game at these events. In 2016 UltraPro ran a Kickstarter to publish a revision of the game under", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 25 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5057057", "chunk_text": "\"2015 Sprint Unlimited\"\nin before the session. Per NASCAR regulations, all drivers had to weigh in before the start of the season to calculate the minimum car weights. This was normally done during \"\"January Preseason Thunder\"\", but it was cancelled in 2015. Stewart took to Twitter to express his frustration, upon exiting his car. Jeff Gordon was the fastest in the final practice session with a time of 45.740 and a speed of . The race started at 8:35 p.m. Eastern time with Paul Menard leading the field to the green. With a push from Matt Kenseth on the inside lane, Brad Keselowski", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 26 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7634748", "chunk_text": "\"Talladega Superspeedway\"\non June 9, 2004. Wallace circled the 2.66-mile (4.28-km) trioval in 44.270 seconds, which surpassed the previous record held by Bill Elliott () set in 1987, but did not replace the record because it was a radio test and not a NASCAR sanctioned event. Buddy Baker was the first driver to run at a speed over , with a lap during \"\"testing\"\" on March 24, 1970. Bill France himself invited Chrysler to come on down to run a 200 lap for publicity for the April race. The car was fully NASCAR inspected and certified. NASCAR sanctioned the event and Bill", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 27 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12596887", "chunk_text": "\"NASCAR rules and regulations\"\nall cars to run a restrictor plate at Daytona and Talladega. The restrictor plate limits air into the engine, reducing horsepower and speed at these tracks from 230-240 mph to 195-200 mph. At these races, in addition to the restrictor plate, there are a variety of other technical rules and regulations to keep the cars stable and on the track. In addition to these technical rules, restrictor plate races are the only races where drivers are prohibited from using the apron of the track to execute a pass. A double yellow line separates the track from the racing surface, leading", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 28 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10848480", "chunk_text": "\"USAC Daytona 100\"\nmph speed limit for each driver during their first ten laps. The next ten laps could be run at 160 mph. The speed limit was put in place as a safety precaution. Elmer George was one of the drivers who took laps in Wednesday, turning a fast lap of 155.17 mph. Jim Rathmann took to the track in a specially-modified Kurtis-Kraft roadster prepared by Ray Nichels. The car had a 370 in³ Pontiac V8 engine. The test run was arranged by Firestone in order to test high speed tires. Rathmann clocked a fast lap of 172.80 mph, setting a new", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 29 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18150775", "chunk_text": "\"2014 Sprint Unlimited\"\nInternational Speedway, Auto Club Speedway, Indianapolis Motor Speedway, Pocono Raceway and Talladega Superspeedway. The standard track at Daytona International Speedway is a four-turn superspeedway that is long. The track's turns are banked at 31 degrees, while the front stretch, the location of the finish line, is banked at 18 degrees. Dale Earnhardt, Jr. was the fastest in the first practice session with a time of 45.358 and a speed of . Denny Hamlin was the fastest in the final practice session with a time of 45.030 and a speed of . Denny Hamlin led the field to the green flag", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 30 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9517232", "chunk_text": "\"Brett Bodine\"\nthe driver through all NASCAR pace car protocols. Brett Bodine Brett Elias Bodine III (born January 11, 1959) is a former NASCAR Winston Cup Series driver and is the current driver of the pace car in Cup Series events. Brett is the younger brother of 1986 Daytona 500 winner Geoff Bodine and the older brother of 2006 NASCAR Craftsman Truck Series champion Todd Bodine. He was born in Chemung, New York. Bodine attended Alfred State College and received an associate's degree in mechanical engineering before he became a professional race car driver. Growing up watching his brother Geoff race in", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 31 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12596859", "chunk_text": "\"NASCAR rules and regulations\"\nduring pit stops, but a team must incur any loss in position due to time spent swapping drivers. The driver who starts the race earns all the points, statistics, and purse money. When the yellow flag is displayed and the yellow caution lights around the track come on, the field is frozen immediately at the moment of caution. All scoring ends immediately and cars are to slow to pace vehicle (safety car) speed. Cars will line up behind the pace vehicle in the order in which they passed the last scoring loop on track (there are as many as 18", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 32 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13413160", "chunk_text": "\"Stock car racing\"\nmodified. Top level stock cars exceed at speedway tracks and on superspeedway tracks such as Daytona International Speedway and Talladega Superspeedway. Contemporary NASCAR-spec top level cars produce maximum power outputs of 860-900 hp from their naturally aspirated V8 engines. In October 2007 American race car driver Russ Wicks set a speed record for stock cars in a 2007-season Dodge Charger built to NASCAR specifications by achieving a maximum speed of at the Bonneville Salt Flats. For the 2015 NASCAR Sprint Cup Series season, power output of the competing cars ranged from 750 to 800 hp (560 to 600 kW). In", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 33 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14342822", "chunk_text": "\"NASCAR Whelen Southern Modified Tour\"\nin 2017. The tour features 600 horsepower open-wheeled modified's which run 15\"\" wide Hoosier tires to give the cars added traction to attain speeds of up to 125 mph on some of the fastest short tracks in the South. Rules are similar to those used by the NASCAR Modified Tour. Cars must have a minimum weight of 2,900 pounds, maintain a wheelbase between 101 and 105 inches, and using 350 to 358 cubic-inch engines. As the S.M.A.R.T. tour, the series added excitement to each event by allowing each competitor two laps of qualifying to determine their starting positions. Once these", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 34 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15018769", "chunk_text": "\"Speed Haste\"\nSpeed Haste Speed Haste is a 3D arcade racing video game with two types of vehicles, and different cars per type: the famous F-1 and the Stock cars (best known as Formula Nascar), each with different characteristics and maneuverability. The player can compete in the championship mode, covering all circuits with an increasing difficulty, but identical for both car types. The multiplayer mode offers split-screen racing or IPX-based sessions with up to 4 players. In 2012 the game's developer Javier Arevalo Baeza released the Borland C source code (minus some commercial library part) for \"\"\"\"you can do whatever you want", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 35 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16665082", "chunk_text": "\"Charlie Glotzbach\"\nCharlie Glotzbach Charles \"\"Charlie\"\" Glotzbach (born June 19, 1938 in Edwardsville, Indiana) is a former ARCA and NASCAR Winston Cup Series driver. He holds one of the oldest race records in NASCAR. He has the record for fastest pace at Bristol Motor Speedway for a NASCAR race. He was also known as the \"\"Chargin' Comet\"\" and \"\"Chargin' Charlie\"\". In 1971 Glotzbach won the caution-free Volunteer 500 at Bristol Motor Speedway in a record pace that still stands. The race was completed with an average speed of 101.074 mph (two hours, 38 minutes) at the .533-mile track. Glotzbach required relief during", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 36 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13447623", "chunk_text": "\"NASCAR Racing\"\nfor future recall, and the game also provides a few prefabricated setups for each track. Vehicles cannot lift into the air. The graphics system always renders them with all 4 wheels on the ground, although the physics system may attribute wheels with varying amounts of downforce (potentially resulting in no traction). The Doppler effect is simulated. Vehicles approaching at high relative speed will emit a higher frequency engine sound, which will shift to a lower frequency as they pass. A separate program called the Paintkit was included with \"\"NASCAR Racing\"\", which allowed users to design their own race cars and", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 37 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18056693", "chunk_text": "\"2015 Coca-Cola 600\"\n28.085 and a speed of . Matt Kenseth won the pole with a time of 27.799 seconds and a speed of . “I thought we had some speed in practice, just never really had the balance or the perfect lap,” he said. “Everyone at JGR has been working honestly around the clock to get all these cars done and get us better stuff. It's one lap. It's 600 miles Sunday, but it's a good place to start. A good way to start the weekend.\"\" “Second is nice, but look at the difference and how much I needed to pick up,”", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 38 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13783864", "chunk_text": "\"USAC Daytona 100\"\nMalone finally succeeded, officially breaking the 180 mph barrier, the first driver ever to do so at Daytona International Speedway. At approximately 4:00 p.m., Malone made two slow warm up laps, then turned a fast lap of 175.079 mph. His fourth lap was clocked at 49.59 seconds, for an average speed of 181.561 mph. It was a new world competitive closed course record, and a new track record that would stand for seven years. Malone's trap speed on the straightaway was estimated at over 220 mph. Malone nearly crashed after he crossed the finish line, as the car began to", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 39 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14421791", "chunk_text": "\"Seekonk Speedway\"\nframe chassis on 8 inch American Racer racing slicks. The engines are 358 cubic inch crate engines sold by General Motors and Ford Motor Company, generating ~350-370 horsepower. Many different body styles of cars are allowed to compete, including (Chevrolet) Monte Carlo and Impala, (Dodge) Charger, (Pontiac) Grand Prix, (Ford) Taurus, and (Toyota) Camry. All bodies are made of fiberglass, generally with steel quarter panels. The minimum weight of all cars is 2,775 pounds including driver, with a maximum of 57% left side weight. Before every late model race, Fuel by Metallica is played over the loudspeakers. Division 3 of", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 40 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "556931", "chunk_text": "\"2015 GEICO 500\"\nthe first qualifying round, the field will be set with positions 13 and beyond determined from first round qualifying speed<br> <nowiki></nowiki> The twelve fastest vehicles from the first round will have their speeds reset for the final round with starting positions 1-12 determined by the fastest laps in the final round<br> <nowiki></nowiki> NASCAR will impound race vehicles following each qualifying lap; vehicles advancing to the final round will be allowed to adjust tape and utilize a cool-down unit during the ten minute break only While no official announcement was made on how many cars would be on track at once,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 41 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16287340", "chunk_text": "\"Monster Energy NASCAR Cup Series\"\nbe raced. Eventually, cars were made expressly for NASCAR competition, including the Ford Torino Talladega, which had a rounded nose, and the Dodge Charger Daytona and Plymouth Superbird which had a rear wing raised above roof level and a shark shaped nose-cap which enabled race speeds of exactly 200 mph. The Ford-based Mercury Spoiler powered by a Ford Boss 429 engine was timed at 199.6 mph. Beginning in 1971, NASCAR rewrote the rules to effectively force the Ford and Chrysler specialty cars out of competition by limiting them to 305ci (5.0L). The cars affected by this rule include the Ford", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 42 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20755878", "chunk_text": "\"2018 Federated Auto Parts 400\"\nCup Series and Xfinity Series. Known as \"\"America's premier short track\"\", it formerly hosted a NASCAR Camping World Truck Series race, an IndyCar Series race and two USAC sprint car races. Kyle Busch was the fastest in the first practice session with a time of 22.279 seconds and a speed of . Brad Keselowski was the fastest in the final practice session with a time of 22.458 seconds and a speed of . Kevin Harvick scored the pole for the race with a time of 22.153 and a speed of . Stage 1 \"\"Laps:\"\" 100 Stage 2 \"\"Laps:\"\" 100 Stage", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 43 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20462580", "chunk_text": "\"2015 SpongeBob SquarePants 400\"\nthe first practice session with a time of 28.306 and a speed of . Erik Jones, making his official Sprint Cup Series debut, was the fastest in the final practice session with a time of 28.227 and a speed of . “There’s been a lot of people that have been involved over the past few weeks to get me ready for this,” Jones told Fox Sports 1. “I think a lot of it was preparing mentally, watching videos, watching tape, talking to Kyle (Busch) and my teammates and just trying to get the best information I could out of everybody.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 44 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6085720", "chunk_text": "\"2014 Quicken Loans 400\"\nHarvick won the pole with, both a new track record time and the fastest qualifying speed since 1987, a time of 35.198 and a speed of . \"\"I think that is just a credit on our Budweiser and Stewart-Haas race team for putting fast race cars on the track,\"\" Harvick said. \"\"When you put it together with the Hendrick Motorsports engine package it creates a lot of speed and it makes coming to these place a lot of fun. Really excited to start on the pole and get that first pit box and hopefully we can put the whole day", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 45 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12316891", "chunk_text": "\"2016 New Hampshire 301\"\nwere certainly high up there on the speed charts, but just didn’t quite have the comfort that I was looking for out of the car to be able to push it a little bit more and get some more time out of it, actually had to give up a little time because of the lack of grip that I felt off the exit of four and ended up p2 today.” Carl Edwards was the fastest in the second practice session with a time of 28.974 and a speed of . Chase Elliott was the fastest in the final practice session", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 46 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20540738", "chunk_text": "\"2018 Bass Pro Shops NRA Night Race\"\nthe most popular tracks on the NASCAR schedule because of its distinct features, which include extraordinarily steep banking, an all concrete surface, two pit roads, and stadium-like seating. It has also been named one of the loudest NASCAR tracks. Chase Elliott was the fastest in the first practice session with a time of 15.151 seconds and a speed of . Kyle Busch was the fastest in the final practice session with a time of 15.141 seconds and a speed of . Kyle Larson scored the pole for the race with a time of 15.015 and a speed of . Stage", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 47 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18731027", "chunk_text": "\"2018 Toyota/Save Mart 350\"\nCar Club of America. Clint Bowyer was the fastest in the first practice session with a time of 76.547 seconds and a speed of . Kurt Busch was the fastest in the final practice session with a time of 76.163 seconds and a speed of . Kyle Larson scored the pole for the race with a time of 75.732 and a speed of . Stage 1 \"\"Laps:\"\" 25 Stage 2 \"\"Laps:\"\" 25 Stage 3 \"\"Laps:\"\" 60 \"\"Fox NASCAR\"\" televised the race in the United States on FS1 for the fourth consecutive year. Mike Joy was the lap-by-lap announcer, while six-time", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 48 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9607942", "chunk_text": "\"2017 Kobalt 400\"\nNorth Carolina. Martin Truex, Jr. was the fastest in the first practice session with a time of 27.907 seconds and a speed of . Brad Keselowski scored the pole for the race with a time of 27.881 and a speed of . When asked how he accomplished this despite missing his mark in Turns 1 and 2 on his pole lap, he said he didn't \"\"know what the answer is. I'll have to look through a bunch of data, and the smart guys -- the engineers and crew chiefs -- will probably point some of that stuff out to me.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 49 } ]
test_3420	what was the emperor name in star wars?	n/a	[ "Darth Sidious", "Sheev Palpatine" ]	[]	n/a	n/a	n/a	[]	[ { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5220737", "chunk_text": "\"Galactic Empire (Star Wars)\"\nindicated in various sources that the Galactic Empire was largely derived from America during the time of the Vietnam War, and more specifically Richard Nixon's time as President, with it dating back as early as 1973 when he first started working on the first film, with his friend Walter Murch also verifying this to be the case. Palpatine's rise to power, and transforming a democracy into a dictatorship has been related to those of Julius Caesar, Augustus, Napoleon Bonaparte, and Adolf Hitler. Palpatine's consolidation of power and declaring himself emperor is like the Roman political figure Octavian (later renamed Augustus),", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 0 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "167593", "chunk_text": "\"Star Wars\"\nnames in the films; \"\"e.g.\"\" the planets Kessel (a term that refers to a group of encircled forces) and Hoth (Hermann Hoth was a German general who served on the snow-laden Eastern Front). Palpatine being a chancellor before becoming the Emperor in the prequel trilogy alludes to Adolf Hitler's role as chancellor before appointing himself \"\"Führer\"\". Lucas has also drawn parallels to historical dictators such as Julius Caesar, Napoleon Bonaparte, and Richard Nixon. The Great Jedi Purge mirrors the events of the Night of the Long Knives. The corruption of the Galactic Republic is modeled after the fall of the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 1 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15807579", "chunk_text": "Palpatine\nPalpatine Sheev Palpatine (also known by his Sith identity Darth Sidious and publicly as Senator Palpatine, then Supreme Chancellor Palpatine, and later Emperor Palpatine) is a fictional character and is the primary antagonist of \"\"Episodes I-VI\"\" in the \"\"Star Wars\"\" franchise, mainly portrayed by Ian McDiarmid. In the original trilogy, he is depicted as the extremely aged, pale-faced and cloaked Emperor of the Galactic Empire and the Sith master of Darth Vader. In the prequel trilogy, he is portrayed as a charismatic Senator in early old age from Naboo who uses machiavellian deception and political manipulation to rise to the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 2 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3276581", "chunk_text": "Palpatine\nVader. Palpatine rules the galaxy for over two decades before his reign is brought to an end in the Battle of Endor when Vader turns on him and kills him in order to save his son, Luke Skywalker who was being electrocuted by Palpatine. Since the initial theatrical run of \"\"Return of the Jedi\"\", Palpatine has become a widely recognized popular culture symbol of evil, sinister deception, sadistic cruelty, dictatorship, tyranny, and the subversion of democracy. The Emperor is briefly mentioned in the original \"\"Star Wars\"\" (1977), the first film in the original trilogy. Grand Moff Tarkin explains to the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 3 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12284670", "chunk_text": "\"Star Wars: From the Adventures of Luke Skywalker\"\nanother time.\"\" In place of the opening crawl describing the events just preceding the film, the novelization includes a prologue explaining the political backstory \"\"From the First Saga: \"\"Journal of the Whills\"\"\"\" (referencing the title of Lucas' first story outline for the saga). It contains the first reference to the Emperor's name, Palpatine, though his description is somewhat at odds with his depiction as a Sith Master in \"\"The Empire Strikes Back\"\", \"\"Return of the Jedi\"\", and the prequel trilogy. Lucas later explained that the first film was written in the era of Richard Nixon, when the story was intended", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 4 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8665691", "chunk_text": "Palpatine\nLucas, in the \"\"Tarkin\"\" novel, to which Del Rey agreed. Lucas's conceptualization of Palpatine and the role the character plays in \"\"Star Wars\"\" changed over time. From \"\"Return of the Jedi\"\" onwards, Palpatine became the ultimate personification of evil in \"\"Star Wars\"\", replacing Darth Vader as the central villain. When the original \"\"Star Wars\"\" trilogy was filmed, the Emperor was unnamed and his throne-world unidentified. The name would not be used in film until the prequel trilogy and the first mention of the name Palpatine came from the prologue of Alan Dean Foster's 1976 novelization of \"\"A New Hope\"\", which", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 5 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5220739", "chunk_text": "\"Galactic Empire (Star Wars)\"\nEmperor Palpatine and Darth Vader has been likened to that within Nazi Germany between Hitler and \"\"Reichsführer-SS\"\" Heinrich Himmler, as well as that between Joseph Stalin and the head of the NKVD Lavrentiy Beria, in that Darth Vader is a dictator's main henchman who is completely ruthless in serving his master. Galactic Empire (Star Wars) The Galactic Empire is a fictional autocracy featured in the \"\"Star Wars\"\" franchise. It was first introduced in the 1977 film \"\"Star Wars\"\" and also appears in its two sequels: \"\"The Empire Strikes Back\"\" (1980) and \"\"Return of the Jedi\"\" (1983) and is the main", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 6 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "940250", "chunk_text": "Palpatine\nSidious and Palpatine were one and the same. Film critic Jonathan L. Bowen remarks, \"\"Debates raged on the Internet concerning the relationship between Darth Sidious and Senator Palpatine. Most fans believed the two characters are actually the same person with logic seeming to support their conclusion.\"\" Bowen notes that the debate was fueled by the fact that \"\"suspiciously Darth Sidious does not appear in the credits.\"\" In \"\"Star Wars and History\"\" published by Lucasfilm, it describes Palpatine's consolidation of power as being similar to the Roman political figure Augustus, named Octavian before renaming himself. Both legitimized authoritarian rule by saying", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 7 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14451272", "chunk_text": "\"Star Wars: Episode II – Attack of the Clones\"\nof it appeared in the previous movie in one of the final scenes. A music video for the main theme \"\"Across the Stars\"\" was produced specifically for the DVD. On March 15, 2016, a limited edition vinyl version of the soundtrack was released. Only 1,000 copies were pressed initially. Lucas has noted that Palpatine's rise to power is very similar to that of Adolf Hitler in Nazi Germany; as Chancellor of Germany, the latter was granted \"\"emergency powers\"\", as is Palpatine. Comparisons have been made to Octavian – who became Augustus, the first emperor of Rome – and to Napoleon", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 8 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18769278", "chunk_text": "\"Galactic Empire (Star Wars)\"\nis right for the Jedi to reappear in the galaxy and overthrow the Empire. With the end of the Clone Wars, the purging of the Jedi Order and the formation of the First Galactic Empire, Palpatine rules with absolute power as Emperor. He retains the emergency powers that had been voted to him in \"\"Attack of the Clones\"\", allowing him to rule for decades under what amounts to martial law. Lord Darth Vader is the Emperor's second-in-command and his ruthless chief enforcer, greatly feared throughout the galaxy; a command from Vader is to be considered a command from Palpatine. In", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 9 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6203969", "chunk_text": "\"Star Wars sources and analogues\"\nhad started working together again. In a 2005 interview, George Lucas was asked the origins of the name \"\"Darth Vader\"\", and replied: \"\"Darth is a variation of dark. And Vader is a variation of father. So it's basically Dark Father.\"\" (Rolling Stone, June 2, 2005). \"\"Vader\"\" is the Dutch word for \"\"father\"\" (the Dutch word is instead pronounced \"\"fah-der\"\"), and the German word for \"\"father\"\" (\"\"Vater\"\") is similar. However, in the earliest scripts for \"\"Star Wars\"\", the name \"\"Darth Vader\"\" was given to a human Imperial general with no apparent relationships. Commentators have noted the strong political analogies in the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 10 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14110920", "chunk_text": "\"Star Wars sources and analogues\"\nGerman stormtroopers. Imperial officers' uniforms also resemble some historical German Army uniforms (see Wehrmacht) and the political and security officers of the Empire resemble the black clad SS down to the imitation silver death's head insignia on their officer's caps (although the uniforms technically had more basis with the German Uhlans within the Prussian Empire). World War II terms were used for names in \"\"Star Wars\"\"; examples include the planets Kessel (a group of encircled forces), Hoth (Hermann Hoth was a German general who served on the snow laden Eastern Front), and Tatooine (Tataouine - a province south of Tunis", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 11 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2221155", "chunk_text": "\"Galactic Republic\"\nthe Head of State, and General Grievous, who was the Commander of the Separatist Army, and the discovery that Palpatine was actually Darth Sidious, the Jedi made their move in accordance with contingency plans already made. Darth Sidious was a name known by the Jedi Council as being the Sith Lord's name. The Sith were the ancient enemy of the Jedi, who were destroyed many years ago. A small group of experienced Jedi led by Mace Windu attempted to arrest Palpatine, for treason against the Galactic Republic, its government, and the Senate, but failed after Anakin Skywalker pledged himself to", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 12 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18769282", "chunk_text": "\"Galactic Empire (Star Wars)\"\nof \"\"Revenge of the Sith\"\". The Imperial Guard (or \"\"Red Guard\"\") were elite, red-helmeted and red-cloaked stormtroopers who serve as Emperor Palpatine's personal bodyguards. In addition to strict requirements of height, strength, intelligence, and loyalty, only the most capable soldiers in the Imperial Military qualified for duty in the ranks of the Royal Guard. On occasion if needed or ordered by Palpatine, they could take orders from his apprentice, Darth Vader. In the waning days of the Republic, Supreme Chancellor Sheev Palpatine formed a personnel security detail of red-robed guards whom he favored over the Senate Guard. He additionally began", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 13 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5220735", "chunk_text": "\"Galactic Empire (Star Wars)\"\nthe Nazis, desires the creation of totalitarian order and utilizes excessive force and violence to achieve their ends. The name of the Empire's main soldiers, the Stormtroopers, is somewhat similar to the name given to Hitler's \"\"Sturmabteilung\"\" (SA, \"\"storm detachment\"\") paramilitary bodyguards. The visual appearance of Darth Vader in his all-black uniform combined with his devout obedience to the Emperor has allusion to the black-uniformed Nazi \"\"Schutzstaffel\"\" (SS). The uniforms of Imperial military officers also bear resemblance to uniforms used in Nazi Germany as well as nineteenth-century Germany's \"\"ulans\"\" (mounted lancers)—who wore a tunic, riding breeches, and boots like the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 14 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8665719", "chunk_text": "Palpatine\n\"\"no cultural icon can exist without someone trying to stuff it into a political ideology. The \"\"Star Wars\"\" saga, the greatest pop culture icon of the last three decades, is no exception... Palpatine's dissolution of the Senate in favor of imperial rule has been compared to Julius Caesar's marginalization of the Roman Senate, Hitler's power-grab as chancellor, and FDR's court-packing scheme and creation of the imperial presidency.\"\" Footnotes Citations Works cited Palpatine Sheev Palpatine (also known by his Sith identity Darth Sidious and publicly as Senator Palpatine, then Supreme Chancellor Palpatine, and later Emperor Palpatine) is a fictional character and", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 15 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15850140", "chunk_text": "\"Stormtrooper (Star Wars)\"\nStormtrooper (Star Wars) A stormtrooper is a fictional soldier in the \"\"Star Wars\"\" franchise created by George Lucas. Introduced in \"\"Star Wars\"\" (1977), the stormtroopers are the main ground force of the Galactic Empire, under the leadership of Emperor Palpatine and his commanders, most notably Darth Vader and Grand Moff Tarkin. In \"\"\"\" (2015) and \"\"\"\" (2017), the upgraded stormtroopers serve the First Order, under the leadership of Supreme Leader Snoke and his commanders, most notably Kylo Ren, General Hux, and Captain Phasma. The order of battle of the Stormtrooper Corps is unspecified in the \"\"Star Wars\"\" universe. Accompanying the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 16 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19620811", "chunk_text": "Sith\nthe planet Naboo, he rose to power within the Galactic Republic's government system starting from Senator of his homeworld, then to Supreme Chancellor of the Republic, and finally to self-proclaimed Emperor of the Galactic Empire. This was done by cultivating a public image as a humble and competent politician while secretly mastering dark Sith arts studying under Plagueis, and planning the destruction of the Jedi Order and Republic. Eventually, by manipulating disaffected political groups and using double agents to sow discord, Palpatine fomented a civil war that provided an opportunity for him to seize absolute power. He had three known", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 17 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18895188", "chunk_text": "\"Heir to the Empire\"\nHeir to the Empire Star Wars: Heir to the Empire is a 1991 \"\"Star Wars\"\" novel by Timothy Zahn, and the first book in the \"\"Thrawn\"\" trilogy. It reached #1 on the \"\"New York Times\"\" Best Seller list. \"\"Heir to the Empire\"\" is part of the \"\"Star Wars\"\" expanded universe, and takes place five years after the events of \"\"Return of the Jedi\"\". The Rebel Alliance has destroyed the Death Star, defeated Darth Vader and Emperor Palpatine, and driven out the remnants of the old Imperial Starfleet to a distant corner of the galaxy. Princess Leia and Han Solo are", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 18 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8478771", "chunk_text": "Emperor\nfrom 1949-55. The lone holders of the imperial title in Oceania were the heads of the semi-mythical Tuʻi Tonga Empire. There have been many fictional emperors in movies and books. To see a list of these emperors, see . Emperor An emperor (through Old French \"\"empereor\"\" from Latin \"\"imperator\"\") is a monarch, and usually the sovereign ruler of an empire or another type of imperial realm. Empress, the female equivalent, may indicate an emperor's wife (empress consort), mother (empress dowager), or a woman who rules in her own right (empress regnant). Emperors are generally recognized to be of a higher", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 19 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20462630", "chunk_text": "\"Galactic Empire (Star Wars)\"\nthe 19 years between \"\"Revenge of the Sith\"\" and \"\"A New Hope\"\", Palpatine rules the galaxy from the confines of his heavily guarded Imperial Palace on Coruscant, once known as the Jedi Temple when it was the home of the Jedi Order. During that same time, Vader travels extensively to most of the galactic regions to enforce the Emperor's rule. The Senate, now known as the Imperial Senate, nominally continues to exist, though it is virtually powerless. Palpatine dissolves the Senate (off-camera) in \"\"A New Hope\"\" after discovering that several members of the Senate are founding members of the Rebellion.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 20 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16863400", "chunk_text": "\"Roman emperor\"\nRoman emperor The Roman emperor was the ruler of the Roman Empire during the imperial period (starting in 27 BC). The emperors used a variety of different titles throughout history. Often when a given Roman is described as becoming \"\"emperor\"\" in English, it reflects his taking of the title \"\"Augustus\"\" or \"\"Caesar\"\". Another title often used was \"\"imperator\"\", originally a military honorific. Early Emperors also used the title \"\"princeps\"\" (first citizen). Emperors frequently amassed republican titles, notably \"\"princeps senatus\"\", \"\"consul\"\" and \"\"pontifex maximus\"\". The legitimacy of an emperor's rule depended on his control of the army and recognition by the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 21 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4925429", "chunk_text": "\"Empire's End\"\nEmperor Palpatine, resurrected in a series of clone bodies, who seeks to once again rule his Empire. He finds the perfect tool in the \"\"Galaxy Gun,\"\" a superweapon that could annihilate a planet with a single projectile. After perishing in battle with Luke and Leia Skywalker in \"\"Dark Empire I\"\", Palpatine was forced to occupy an inferior clone-body. Unknown to him, his personal physician had been corrupted by his official successor, Carnor Jax, backed by a number of other high-ranking Imperial personnel. The physician had deliberately inserted genetic material and contaminants into all stored samples of the Emperor's original body,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 22 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9780005", "chunk_text": "Palpatine\nfellow Imperials that the Emperor has dissolved the Senate. The Emperor first appears (in hologram form) in \"\"The Empire Strikes Back\"\", the 1980 sequel to the original film, to address his Sith apprentice Darth Vader, informing him that Luke Skywalker has become a threat to the Empire. Vader persuades him that the young Jedi would be a great asset if he could be turned to the dark side of the Force. In 1983's \"\"Return of the Jedi\"\", the Emperor appears in person to oversee the last stages of the second Death Star's construction. He assures Darth Vader that they will", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 23 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5220704", "chunk_text": "\"Galactic Empire (Star Wars)\"\nthe Republic and the CIS against each other. When the Jedi Knight Anakin Skywalker discovers Palpatine is actually the mysterious Sith Lord Darth Sidious, he returns to the Jedi Temple to inform Jedi Master Mace Windu what he has learned. Windu then leaves with three other Masters to arrest Palpatine, instructing Anakin to remain at the temple. Anakin ignores Mace Windu's directive and returns to the Chancellor's office to prevent the Jedi from killing him; Palpatine has manipulated him into believing that he has the power to save Anakin's pregnant wife, Padmé Amidala, from dying in childbirth. Mace Windu, with", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 24 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9780007", "chunk_text": "Palpatine\npain, Vader throws the Emperor into a shaft on the Death Star, killing him. In the 1999 prequel \"\"\"\", which is set 32 years before \"\"Star Wars\"\", Palpatine is depicted as a middle-aged Galactic Senator from the planet Naboo who is secretly the Sith Lord Darth Sidious. As Sidious, he advises the corrupt Trade Federation to blockade and invade Naboo. Queen Padmé Amidala of Naboo flees to the planet Coruscant to receive counsel from Palpatine, unaware that he actually engineered the invasion. After a plea for help from the senate results in bureaucratic delays, Palpatine persuades the queen to call", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 25 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12339074", "chunk_text": "\"Star Wars (film)\"\nthe Sith, the Death Star, and a general by the name of Annikin Starkiller. He changed Starkiller to an adolescent boy, and he shifted the general into a supporting role as a member of a family of dwarfs. Lucas envisioned the Corellian smuggler, Han Solo, as a large, green-skinned monster with gills. He based Chewbacca on his Alaskan Malamute dog, Indiana (whom he would later use as namesake for his character Indiana Jones), who often acted as the director's \"\"co-pilot\"\" by sitting in the passenger seat of his car. Lucas began researching the science fiction genre by watching films and", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 26 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "586539", "chunk_text": "Sith\nother side of the galaxy to establish a continuation of it, with himself as Emperor. It was Vitiate who corrupted Revan and Malak, but Revan's redemption and Malak's defeat seemingly derailed his plans. Three hundred years after Revan's disappearance, the Emperor launched a surprise attack on the Republic, setting the stage for the video game \"\"\"\". Prominent Sith Darth Vader and Emperor Palpatine have become iconic villains in popular culture. Their personae are frequently used as exemplars of Machiavelianism, authoritarianism, brutality and evil in serious, humorous and satirical settings. Darth Sidious is archetypal as the \"\"Evil Emperor\"\"—a cunning tyrant who", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 27 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13959936", "chunk_text": "\"Ian McDiarmid\"\nIan McDiarmid Ian McDiarmid (; born 11 August 1944) is a Scottish character actor and director. He has appeared in 47 films since 1976. He portrayed Emperor Palpatine in the \"\"Star Wars\"\" film series. He has received an Olivier Award for Best Actor and a Tony Award for Best Featured Actor in a Play for his performances. McDiarmid was born in Carnoustie, Scotland. He became a theatre aficionado when he was five years old, when his father took him to see an act named Tommy Morgan at a theatre in Dundee. In 2004, he stated, \"\"It sort of fascinated me,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 28 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11209117", "chunk_text": "Palpatine\nuses the conflict as a convenient pretext to maintain a military–industrial complex and gain more political power by abusing his \"\"emergency powers\"\" to stay in office long after his term has expired. Palpatine ultimately reorganizes the Republic into the Galactic Empire, declares martial law, and declares himself Emperor. Palpatine outlaws the Jedi Order—whom he had accused of high treason for an attempted assassination, for having instigated the Clone Wars, and for conspiring to seize power—having most purged through Order 66. He also manipulates Jedi Knight Anakin Skywalker into turning to the dark side and serving as his new apprentice Darth", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 29 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20462654", "chunk_text": "\"Galactic Empire (Star Wars)\"\nset 130 years after the original \"\"Star Wars\"\" film, explains that, during a civil war, the New Galactic Empire known as the Fel Empire declares war on the Galactic Federation Of Free Alliances (Galactic Alliance), the successor state of the New Republic. This conflict begins the Sith-Imperial War, which after three years leads to the eventual defeat of the Galactic Alliance and the Galactic Empire asserting its domination over the galaxy once again. Another split occurs as the Sith Lord Darth Krayt the leader of the One Sith, usurps the throne and forces Emperor Roan Fel to take refuge in", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 30 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19386694", "chunk_text": "Sith\nWars\"\" original trilogy, and later in the prequel trilogy. As the Jedi hero Anakin Skywalker, he fought alongside his master Obi-Wan Kenobi during the galaxy-wide Clone Wars, but was slowly seduced to the dark side by Darth Sidious. After helping Sidious kill Jedi Master Mace Windu, he swore allegiance to the Sith and was given the name Darth Vader before setting out to destroy all Jedi left on Coruscant. After being sent by Sidious to assassinate the Separatist council members on Mustafar, Vader was badly injured in a duel with Kenobi, resulting in the loss of his remaining organic arm,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 31 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11210866", "chunk_text": "Palpatine\n\"\"He had lost before he started. He had lost before he was born.\"\" According to the Databank and \"\"New Essential Guide to Characters\"\", Palpatine possesses great patience and his maneuverings are as a dejarik grandmaster moves pieces on a board. He is depicted as a diabolical genius. Palpatine was not given a first name in any canonical or \"\"\"\"Star Wars\"\" Legends\"\" sources until 2014, when the character's first name—Sheev—was revealed in the novel \"\"Tarkin\"\", written by James Luceno. The Lucasfilm Story Group approached Del Rey Books and asked if they wanted to use the name, which was created by George", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 32 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10996898", "chunk_text": "\"Grand Moff Tarkin\"\nGrand Moff Tarkin Governor Wilhuff Tarkin is a fictional character in the \"\"Star Wars\"\" franchise, first portrayed by English actor Peter Cushing in the 1977 film \"\"Star Wars\"\". He is the commander of the Death Star, the Galactic Empire's dwarf planet-sized battle station. His philosophies \"\"ruling through fear of force\"\", dubbed the \"\"Tarkin Doctrine\"\", became central to Imperial policy and promoted him to become the first Grand Moff in the Galactic Empire. The character has been called \"\"one of the most formidable villains in \"\"Star Wars\"\" history.\"\" Tarkin's character was originally conceived as a holy man from the planet Aquila,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 33 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5220703", "chunk_text": "\"Galactic Empire (Star Wars)\"\nJedi begin to distrust the Chancellor's motives, fearing he has come under the influence of a Dark Lord of the Sith named Darth Sidious. Palpatine insists to the Jedi that the war, and thus his emergency powers, will continue until CIS leader General Grievous is killed. Their concerns are shared by several Senators, who suspect Palpatine may not return his emergency powers to the Senate as promised. Among them are two who had long supported Palpatine, Padmé Amidala and Bail Organa. The film eventually reveals that Palpatine and Sidious are one and the same, and that he has been manipulating", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 34 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6102547", "chunk_text": "\"First Order (Star Wars)\"\nwere filmed but deleted for time and pacing reasons. Through as-yet-unexplained circumstances, the new \"\"First Order\"\" came to be ruled by the mysterious Force-wielder known as Supreme Leader Snoke. At some point Snoke seduced Leia's own son Ben Solo to the Dark Side of the Force, who renamed himself \"\"Kylo Ren\"\". On his turn to the Dark Side, Ben/Kylo slaughtered most of his uncle Luke Skywalker's other Jedi apprentices (with the rest joining him) and destroyed his new academy. Blaming himself, Luke fled into self-imposed exile to search for the ancient first Jedi Temple. Kylo Ren, meanwhile, took on a", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 35 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3385626", "chunk_text": "\"Star Wars: Shadows of the Empire\"\nand Leebo). The model making company Ertl released several plastic model kits of \"\"Shadows of the Empire\"\", including the Virago (Xizor's spaceship), Prince Xizor, and the Emperor. Collectible and gift company Applause released two vinyl figures, of Dash Rendar and Prince Xizor as well as a cold-cast resin statuette of the villains: Xizor, the Emperor and Darth Vader. The Topps company developed the \"\"Shadows of the Empire\"\" trading card line. The 100-piece \"\"Shadows of the Empire\"\" card set from Topps represents all three platforms that tell the story—the book, comic series, and game. The cards are the work of Greg", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 36 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19386682", "chunk_text": "Sith\ncome to fruition through Sheev Palpatine, a Senator, later Supreme Chancellor, of the Galactic Republic, and secretly a Dark Lord of the Sith (“Darth Sidious”). By manipulating disgruntled factions within the Galactic Republic, Palpatine orchestrated a civil war. This conflict, known within the \"\"Star Wars\"\" universe as the “Clone Wars,” provided a justification for consolidating power in the Galactic Republic’s chief executive and assembling a large army of hastily cloned soldiers—surreptitiously conditioned to obey certain key commands issued by Palpatine. Although the Jedi eventually discovered Palpatine’s identity as a Sith and attempted to arrest him, this action was anticipated by", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 37 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5220699", "chunk_text": "\"Galactic Empire (Star Wars)\"\nreorganization of the Republic into a state that can provide stability, and a safe and secure society, a Galactic Empire with himself as Emperor. The Senate that he has manipulated overwhelmingly applauds Palpatine's decision. Emperor Palpatine proceeds to purge the Jedi, who had been the upholders of peace and justice in the Republic, and replaces them by redeeming the Sith. Though Palpatine's Sith identity remains a secret to most, his apprentice Darth Vader is the Sith Lord who is publicly known to the galaxy as the ally of Palpatine who is serving the Empire to purge the galaxy of the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 38 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6102562", "chunk_text": "\"First Order (Star Wars)\"\nHan Solo and Leia Organa who had been an apprentice to his uncle, the Jedi Master Luke Skywalker. Masked and using the name Kylo Ren, he is one of Snoke's enforcers, much like his grandfather Darth Vader had been the enforcer of Emperor Palpatine during the days of the Empire decades earlier. Kylo is the master of the Knights of Ren, a mysterious group of elite warriors. Kylo and Hux are rivals for Snoke's approval, and the third member of the \"\"commanding triumvirate\"\" of the First Order is the formidable Captain Phasma, the commander of the stormtroopers. Kylo is searching", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 39 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "167592", "chunk_text": "\"Star Wars\"\nimportant element of \"\"Star Wars\"\" since the franchise launched in 1977, focusing on a struggle between democracy and dictatorship. McQuarrie's designs for Darth Vader, initially inspired by Samurai armor, also incorporated a German military helmet. Space battles in \"\"A New Hope\"\" were based on World War I and World War II dogfights, and stormtroopers borrow the name of Nazi \"\"shock\"\" troopers. Imperial officers wear uniforms resembling those of German forces during World War II, and political and security officers resemble the black-clad SS down to the stylized silver death's head on their caps. World War II terms were used for", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 40 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2549060", "chunk_text": "\"Star Wars prequel trilogy\"\nsave Chancellor Palpatine from Count Dooku and the droid commander General Grievous. Anakin begins to have prophetic visions of his secret wife Padmé dying in childbirth. Palpatine, who had been secretly engineering the Clone Wars to destroy the Jedi Order, convinces Anakin that the dark side of the Force holds the power to save Padmé's life. Desperate, Anakin submits to Palpatine and is renamed Darth Vader. Palpatine orders the clone army to fire on their Jedi generals, and declares the former Republic an Empire. Vader participates in the extermination of the Jedi, culminating in a lightsaber duel with Obi-Wan on", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 41 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11991261", "chunk_text": "Palpatine\nSidious while discussing the failure and fall of the Jedi Order to Rey. In the 2008 animated film \"\"\"\" and the (set between \"\"Attack of the Clones\"\" and \"\"Revenge of the Sith\"\"), Palpatine continues to serve as Supreme Chancellor while his Sith identity remains behind the scenes via holograms. Palpatine was voiced by Ian Abercrombie (from 2008 to his death in 2012), and by Tim Curry (from 2012 to 2014). In the film, Sidious engineers a Separatist plot where Count Dooku turns Jabba the Hutt against the Republic by kidnapping his son Rotta and framing the Jedi for it. Meanwhile,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 42 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9780002", "chunk_text": "Palpatine\nposition of Supreme Chancellor of the Galactic Republic before transforming the Republic into the Empire. Though outwardly appearing to be a well-intentioned public servant and supporter of democracy prior to being Emperor, Palpatine's true identity is actually Darth Sidious, the Dark Lord of the Sith—a cult of practitioners of the dark side of the Force previously thought to have been extinct for a millennium, and master of Darth Maul and Count Dooku. As his Sith identity, Palpatine incrementally increases the executive branch's power and masterminds the Clone Wars conflict. Manipulating both the Republic and the Separatist governments, Palpatine, as Chancellor,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 43 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9295909", "chunk_text": "\"Stormtrooper (Star Wars)\"\nare voiced by Jesse Averna, Kevin Deters, Jeremy Milton, and Rich Moore. Stormtroopers have become cultural icons, and a widely recognized element of the \"\"Star Wars\"\" franchise. In 2015, an Imperial stormtrooper helmet from \"\"The Empire Strikes Back\"\" that was expected to sell at auction for $92,000 actually sold for $120,000. Stormtrooper (Star Wars) A stormtrooper is a fictional soldier in the \"\"Star Wars\"\" franchise created by George Lucas. Introduced in \"\"Star Wars\"\" (1977), the stormtroopers are the main ground force of the Galactic Empire, under the leadership of Emperor Palpatine and his commanders, most notably Darth Vader and Grand", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 44 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19386695", "chunk_text": "Sith\nboth legs and severe burn injuries. He was saved by Sidious, and encased in a black suit of armor with extensive cybernetics which kept him alive. As the Galactic Empire was established and continued to grow, Vader became the Emperor's immensely feared second-in-command and was given the task of finding surviving Jedi and the Rebel Alliance's base. After the destruction of the First Death Star, Vader was charged with tracking down the Rebel Alliance and destroying their headquarters. However, the actions of his son, Luke Skywalker, eventually turned Vader against his master, resulting in both Sidious' and Vader's deaths, as", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 45 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9781266", "chunk_text": "Palpatine\nabout, specifically McDiarmid's dominant turn as the mastermind of the evil empire.\"\" Ed Halter of \"\"The Village Voice\"\" wrote that \"\"Ian McDiarmid's unctuous Emperor turns appropriately vampiric as he attempts to draw Anakin into the Sith fold with promises of eternal life.\"\" Still, his performance was not without detractors; David Edelstein of \"\"Slate\"\" critiqued, \"\"McDiarmid isn't the subtlest of satanic tempters. With his lisp and his clammy little leer, he looks like an old queen keen on trading an aging butt-boy (Count Dooku) for fresh meat — which leaves Anakin looking more and more like a 15-watt bulb.\"\" McDiarmid had", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 46 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7664781", "chunk_text": "Palpatine\na blaster shot fired by Han, but his spirit is captured by the mortally wounded Jedi Empatojayos Brand. When Brand dies, he takes Palpatine's spirit with him into the netherworld of the Force, destroying the Sith Lord once and for all. Novels and comics published before 1999 focus on Palpatine's role as Galactic Emperor. \"\"\"\" (1996) by Steve Perry and \"\"The Mandalorian Armor\"\" (1998) by K. W. Jeter—all set between \"\"The Empire Strikes Back\"\" and \"\"Return of the Jedi\"\"—show how Palpatine uses crime lords such as Prince Xizor and bounty hunters like Boba Fett to fight his enemies. Barbara Hambly's", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 47 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18895189", "chunk_text": "\"Heir to the Empire\"\nmarried and expecting twins. Luke Skywalker has become the first in a long-awaited new line of Jedi Knights. Thousands of light years away, Grand Admiral Thrawn, the last of the 12 Grand Admirals, has taken command of the shattered Imperial Fleet, readied it for war, and pointed it at the fragile heart of the New Republic. Thrawn is searching for a Dark Jedi and is succeeding in restoring the Empire. Grand Admiral Thrawn, the new supreme commander of the remaining Imperial forces, conducts a successful information raid on the Obroa-skai system, and easily defeats a retaliatory strike. On Coruscant, Obi-Wan", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 48 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "584764", "chunk_text": "Sith\nStar Wars \"\"Legends\"\" works prior to the release of \"\"The Phantom Menace\"\", and in archived footage for the original \"\"Star Wars\"\". Prior to the formal introduction of the Sith, the term \"\"Dark Jedi\"\" was sometimes used for characters who would be later identified as Sith, or had goals and practices similar to the Sith. In his novel series \"\"The Thrawn Trilogy\"\", author Timothy Zahn labeled Sith Lord Darth Vader and Emperor Palpatine as \"\"Dark Jedi,\"\" and the term \"\"Sith\"\" was never mentioned in the series until later reprints of the novels. \"\"Dark Jedi\"\" is also the name given in the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 49 } ]
test_3421	who is the original singer of fool if you think it's over?	n/a	[ "Chris Rea" ]	[]	n/a	n/a	n/a	[]	[ { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11693499", "chunk_text": "\"Fool (If You Think It's Over)\"\nFool (If You Think It's Over) \"\"Fool (If You Think It's Over)\"\" is the title of a popular song originally publicly released in 1978 by the British singer-songwriter Chris Rea. Rea also wrote the words and composed the music of the song, which appears on his 1978 debut album, \"\"Whatever Happened to Benny Santini?\"\" The single's charting success in the USA earned him a Grammy nomination as Best New Artist in 1979. \"\"Fool (If You Think It's Over)\"\" was the lead single from Rea's debut album \"\"Whatever Happened to Benny Santini?\"\" which was recorded at producer Gus Dudgeon's Thames Valley", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 0 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11693509", "chunk_text": "\"Fool (If You Think It's Over)\"\nthe 1990s British sitcom \"\"Joking Apart\"\". Kenny Craddock arranged and performed this version. Fool (If You Think It's Over) \"\"Fool (If You Think It's Over)\"\" is the title of a popular song originally publicly released in 1978 by the British singer-songwriter Chris Rea. Rea also wrote the words and composed the music of the song, which appears on his 1978 debut album, \"\"Whatever Happened to Benny Santini?\"\" The single's charting success in the USA earned him a Grammy nomination as Best New Artist in 1979. \"\"Fool (If You Think It's Over)\"\" was the lead single from Rea's debut album \"\"Whatever", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 1 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10303140", "chunk_text": "\"Singers and Songwriters (Time-Life Music)\"\nlicensing restrictions issues. The song \"\"Fool , If you think it's Over\"\" by Chris Rea, is a different version of the song. In the original version Rea's voice was sped up. Rea was never happy with that recording and although a hit in the US wanted the original version buried. The re recording is Rea singing in his normal voice. The Stevie Nicks song, plus the songs that Nicks did with Fleetwood Mac, could not be used in this collection, due to the same licensing restrictions. As with many of Time-Life Records' multi-volume releases, the volumes were not issued in", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 2 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18076374", "chunk_text": "\"Chris Rea\"\n\"\"Auberge\"\", topped the UK Albums Chart. Rea was nominated three times for the Brit Award for Best British Male Artist: in 1988, 1989 and 1990. As of 2009, he has sold more than 30 million albums worldwide. In America he is best known for the 1978 hit song \"\"Fool (If You Think It's Over)\"\" that reached No. 12 on the \"\"Billboard\"\" Hot 100 and spent three weeks at No. 1 on the Adult Contemporary chart. This success earned him a Grammy nomination as Best New Artist in 1979. His other hit songs include, \"\"I Can Hear Your Heartbeat\"\", \"\"Stainsby Girls\"\",", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 3 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13597896", "chunk_text": "\"Juliet Roberts\"\nJuliet Roberts Juliet Roberts (born 1962 in London) is a British jazz, rock, soul and house music singer songwriter of Grenadian descent. She originally recorded as Julie Roberts in 1982, and performed on the 1983 Top 10 hit single, \"\"It's Over\"\" by Funk Masters. In July 1983, she released the single \"\"Fool For You\"\" backed with \"\"It's Been A Long, Long Time\"\" on the Bluebird Records label, catalogue reference BRT3. The single peaked at #77 on the Gallup chart, week ending 20 August 1983. In 1984, Roberts began a four-year stint as vocalist for the jazz group Working Week. She", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 4 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18359115", "chunk_text": "\"Whatever Happened to Benny Santini?\"\nWhatever Happened to Benny Santini? Whatever Happened to Benny Santini? is the debut album by the British singer-songwriter Chris Rea, released in 1978. The title of the album is a reference to a name Rea's UK record label (Magnet) had considered christening him with to make him sound more attractive commercially. The album peaked at number forty-nine on the \"\"Billboard\"\" Hot 200, and charted for 12 weeks. The first single lifted from the album, \"\"Fool (If You Think It's Over)\"\", remains his biggest hit in the United States, peaking at number twelve on the \"\"Billboard\"\" Hot 100, charted for 15", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 5 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11693508", "chunk_text": "\"Fool (If You Think It's Over)\"\nby Elkie Brooks was the first track played on Radio Caroline when the station resumed broadcasting at 10 a.m. 20 August 1983 after a down period of 41 months. Thomas Anders remade \"\"Fool (If You Think It's Over)\"\" for his 1989 album release \"\"Different\"\", said version being the third produced by Gus Dudgeon. The song has also been recorded by Dave (as \"\"Le palmier du pauvre\"\" , 1978), Kirka (as \"\"Luulitko kaiken menneen\"\" , 1979), Greger () (as \"\"Luulitko kaiken menneen\"\" - album \"\"Greger\"\", 1980) and Paul Nicholas (album \"\"Just Good Friends\"\", 1986). The song served as the theme to", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 6 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11693505", "chunk_text": "\"Fool (If You Think It's Over)\"\nGreatest Hits)\"\". The music journalist Wayne Jacik mentioned the single in his work \"\"Billboard Book of One-Hit Wonders\"\". In 1982 Elkie Brooks had a Top 20 hit in the UK and South Africa with her remake of \"\"Fool If You Think It's Over\"\" - so titled - which like the Chris Rea original was produced by Gus Dudgeon and recorded at the Mill. Brooks' version was one of eight tracks recorded with Dudgeon in 1980 for her 1981 twelve-track album release \"\"Pearls\"\" which also included four of Brooks' previous hit singles: Brooks (quote) - \"\"Most of [\"\"Pearl\"\"'s new] material had", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 7 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17090490", "chunk_text": "\"Chris Rea\"\n\"\"Fool (If You Think It's Over)\"\", was Rea's biggest hit in the US, peaking at No. 12 on the \"\"Billboard\"\" Hot 100 and reaching No. 1 on the Adult Contemporary Singles chart. Like most of Rea's early singles, \"\"Fool (If You Think It's Over)\"\" failed to appear on the UK Singles Chart on its first release and only reached No. 30 when was re-released in late 1978 to capitalise on its U.S. achievement. The overall success was Magnet Records' major breakthrough and their first Top-10 success in the U.S., making Rea their biggest artist. Levy remembers him as \"\"more of", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 8 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7319470", "chunk_text": "\"Elkie Brooks\"\nElkie Brooks Elkie Brooks (born Elaine Bookbinder, 25 February 1945) is an English singer, a vocalist with the bands Dada and Vinegar Joe, and later a solo artist. She gained her biggest success in the late 1970s and 1980s and has been nominated twice for Brit Awards. She is known for her powerful husky bluesy voice and hit singles such as \"\"Pearl's a Singer\"\", \"\"Lilac Wine\"\", \"\"Don't Cry Out Loud\"\", \"\"Fool (If You Think It's Over)\"\", and \"\"No More the Fool\"\", and top-selling album \"\"Pearls\"\". She is generally referred to as the \"\"British Queen of Blues\"\". By April 2012, Brooks", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 9 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13001043", "chunk_text": "\"Sanford Clark\"\nSanford Clark Sanford Clark (born October 24, 1935) is an American country-rockabilly singer and guitarist, best known for his 1956 hit \"\"The Fool,\"\" written by Lee Hazlewood. Clark was born in Tulsa, Oklahoma, but was raised in Phoenix, Arizona, from the age of 9. He first began performing in the Phoenix area in the early 1950s. He spent time in the Air Force in the South Pacific; he formed a band there which won a talent show in Hawaii. Returning to Phoenix, he and his friend Al Casey met Lee Hazlewood, then a local DJ. Clark, with Casey on guitar,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 10 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11693506", "chunk_text": "\"Fool (If You Think It's Over)\"\nbeen chosen by [A&M exec] Derek Green or Gus Dudgeon. I had insisted that we did 'Fool'. Chris Rea has always been one of my favourite musicians and writers and I thought the song was pure class.\"\" Brooks' version of \"\"Fool\"\" was issued as a single in December 1981 when \"\"Pearls\"\" issued the previous month was in the Top Ten of the UK album chart - three advance singles had been issued off the album since July 1980 without charting - with \"\"Fool\"\" rising to a #17 peak on the UK chart dated 27 February 1982 assisted by two \"\"TOTP\"\"", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 11 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11693500", "chunk_text": "\"Fool (If You Think It's Over)\"\nrecording studio The Mill. The song's inspiration was the experience Rea's younger sister Paula had had some years previously of being devastated at losing her first boyfriend, \"\"Fool\"\"'s lyrics being the advice (real or imagined) with which Rea had responded to his sister's experience. Rea would recall that he had written \"\"Fool\"\" as a song which Al Green might record: (quote:) \"\"I’d always seen it as a Memphis [soul] song [but] I never had the chance to voice my opinion about what I thought about the production\"\" of his own recording of the song of which Rea has elsewhere stated:", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 12 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16194804", "chunk_text": "\"What a Fool Believes\"\nWhat a Fool Believes \"\"What a Fool Believes\"\" is a song written by Michael McDonald and Kenny Loggins. The best-known version was recorded by The Doobie Brothers (with McDonald singing lead vocals) for their 1978 album \"\"Minute by Minute\"\". Debuting at number 73 on January 20, 1979, the single reached number one on the \"\"Billboard\"\" Hot 100 on April 14, 1979 for one week. The song received Grammy Awards in 1980 for both Song of the Year and Record of the Year. The song was one of the few non-disco No. 1 hits on the \"\"Billboard\"\" Hot 100 during the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 13 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20389884", "chunk_text": "\"Singin' Sammy Ward\"\nSingin' Sammy Ward James T. Woodley (December 21, 1929 – November 20, 1996), who performed as Singin' Sammy Ward, was an American rhythm and blues singer who recorded for Motown Records and had a R&B chart hit with \"\"Who's The Fool\"\", written by Smokey Robinson and produced by Berry Gordy, Jr., in 1961. He grew up in the Ensley area of Birmingham, Alabama, before moving to Detroit, Michigan, where he was established as a club singer by the late 1950s. He was named \"\"Singin' Sammy Ward\"\" by Berry Gordy's wife Raynoma, \"\"Miss Ray\"\", and first recorded for Motown in 1960,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 14 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10406572", "chunk_text": "\"Think It Over\"\nThink It Over \"\"Think It Over\"\" is a rock-and-roll song written by Buddy Holly, Jerry Allison, and Norman Petty in 1958, originally recorded by the Crickets. This recording, released by Brunswick Records as a 45-rpm single (9-55072), reached number 27 on the \"\"Billboard\"\" pop singles chart, number 9 on the \"\"Billboard\"\" R&B chart, and number 11 in the UK. Vi Petty, Norman Petty's wife, played piano on this recording. The song has been recorded by Bobby Vee, the Hollies, Skeeter Davis, Gloria Lynne, P.J. Proby, and Ringo Starr. Australian band Ol' 55 covered the song on their album, \"\"Take It", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 15 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11693502", "chunk_text": "\"Fool (If You Think It's Over)\"\nwhere it entered the Top 40 of the Hot 100 singles chart in \"\"Billboard\"\" magazine in July 1978 to reach a #12 peak on the Hot 100 dated 16 September 1978, then being in the second week of a three-week tenure at #1 on the \"\"Billboard\"\" Easy Listening chart. On the strength its US success Rea was invited to perform \"\"Fool\"\" on the 28 September 1978 \"\"TOTP\"\" broadcast which evidently facilitated a belated UK chart run for the single with a 28 October 1978 peak of #30. The considerable success of \"\"Fool\"\" particularly in the US was evidently lost on", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 16 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2294045", "chunk_text": "\"The Fools' Hall of Fame\"\nThe Fools' Hall of Fame The Fools' Hall of Fame is the title of an American song. There has been more than one composition using this title. In 1957 the composition written by Danny Wolfe was recorded by Rudi Richardson, a negro, on the Sun label in an R&B style. Shortly it was also recorded by both Roy Orbison and Johnny Cash on the same label, but not released. This song has become an early R&R classic mainly because of Roy's reissue, although it had never charted. In 1959 Pat Boone recorded a different composition by Aaron Schroeder and Wally", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 17 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11693501", "chunk_text": "\"Fool (If You Think It's Over)\"\n\"\"[It was in the] wrong key. It ended up being this huge California thing [see California Sound]. It’s the only track I never played guitar on which tells you something about the spirit of it. On top of that, it was just a huge hit. So there was nothing I could do. It was like: 'This is not me!'\"\" Rea did play keyboards on \"\"Fool\"\" with the track's background vocals provided by Rea and the Mill's assistant engineer Stuart Epps. Unsuccessful in its initial UK single release in March 1978, \"\"Fool\"\" was afforded a June 1978 release in the US", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 18 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2270771", "chunk_text": "\"Fool (Elvis Presley song)\"\nFool (Elvis Presley song) \"\"Fool\"\" is a 1973 song by Elvis Presley. It was adapted by songwriter Carl Sigman from a composition by James Last, titled \"\"No Words\"\". It was released as a single with its flipside track \"\"Steamroller Blues\"\". and then on the 1973 album \"\"Elvis\"\" (as its opening track). On Billboard Hot 100 the single charted as \"\"Steamroller Blues / Fool\"\", peaking at number 17 on the week of June 2, 1973. \"\"Fool\"\" also charted on the \"\"Billboard\"\" Easy Listening chart, spending there 16 weeks in total and peaking at number 12 on the same week of June", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 19 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "21000379", "chunk_text": "\"It's Over (Jimmie Rodgers song)\"\nIt's Over (Jimmie Rodgers song) \"\"It's Over\"\" is a 1966 song written and originally performed by Jimmie F. Rodgers. He released it as a single in 1966, with \"\"Anita, You're Dreaming\"\" on the flip side. Elvis Presley recorded a live version of \"\"It's Over\"\" at his January 14, 1973 televised comeback concert \"\"Aloha from Hawaii\"\". The recording was first released on the LP \"\"Aloha from Hawaii\"\". He also had recorded the song live (for RCA and MGM) in April 1972. Another live recording, from February 17, 1972, was released in 1995 on the box set \"\"\"\". Jimmie Rodgers recalled: The", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 20 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3804509", "chunk_text": "\"Love's Made a Fool of You\"\nLove's Made a Fool of You \"\"Love's Made a Fool of You\"\" is a song co-written and originally performed by Buddy Holly. It was later re-recorded by Sonny Curtis and the Crickets, with the lead vocal by Earl Sinks, and famously covered by the Bobby Fuller Four. Buddy Holly first wrote the song in 1954. It was not until 1958 that it was recorded, as an Everly Brothers demo, which was not released until 1964 on the posthumous \"\"Showcase\"\" LP. The first public release of \"\"Love's Made a Fool of You\"\", however, was by the Crickets, headed by Sonny Curtis", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 21 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13001048", "chunk_text": "\"Sanford Clark\"\nWalking With Dinosaurs (2013). His song \"\"The Big Lie\"\" was featured in the FX series Justified: Episode 409, in the Freestyle Releasing film From the Rough (2011), and in Sony Pictures Home Entertainment film The Driftless Area (2015). \"\"Bad Case of You\"\" was featured in the Amazon Studios series Transparent: Episode 308 and 310. Sanford Clark Sanford Clark (born October 24, 1935) is an American country-rockabilly singer and guitarist, best known for his 1956 hit \"\"The Fool,\"\" written by Lee Hazlewood. Clark was born in Tulsa, Oklahoma, but was raised in Phoenix, Arizona, from the age of 9. He first", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 22 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20389888", "chunk_text": "\"Singin' Sammy Ward\"\ntime. He died in 1996 in Mount Clemens, Michigan. Singin' Sammy Ward James T. Woodley (December 21, 1929 – November 20, 1996), who performed as Singin' Sammy Ward, was an American rhythm and blues singer who recorded for Motown Records and had a R&B chart hit with \"\"Who's The Fool\"\", written by Smokey Robinson and produced by Berry Gordy, Jr., in 1961. He grew up in the Ensley area of Birmingham, Alabama, before moving to Detroit, Michigan, where he was established as a club singer by the late 1950s. He was named \"\"Singin' Sammy Ward\"\" by Berry Gordy's wife Raynoma,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 23 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20801104", "chunk_text": "\"Fool No More\"\nFool No More \"\"Fool No More\"\" is a song by British pop group S Club 8 released as the first single from their second album \"\"Sundown\"\". Released 30 June 2003, it reached #4 on the UK Singles Chart. Frankie Sandford sings the song's intro, the first verse, the bridge at the end of every chorus, the fourth verse, the main bridge of the song, and backing vocals during the final chorus and the end of the song. Rochelle Wiseman sings the second and third verses, and backing vocals during the final chorus and the end of the song. Calvin Goldspink,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 24 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4532341", "chunk_text": "\"Famous Last Words of a Fool\"\nFamous Last Words of a Fool \"\"Famous Last Words of a Fool\"\" is a song written by Dean Dillon and Rex Huston, and recorded by American country music artist George Strait. It was released in January 1988 as the first single from his album \"\"If You Ain't Lovin', You Ain't Livin'\"\". The song was co-written by Dean Dillon, whose version peaked at number 67 on Billboard's Hot Country Singles & Tracks chart in 1983. Kevin John Coyne of Country Universe gave the song a B- grade, calling it \"\"a solid song, but Strait’s performance is oddly distant, and he sings", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 25 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "390024", "chunk_text": "\"Tony Hazzard\"\nTony Hazzard Anthony \"\"Tony\"\" Hazzard (born 31 October 1943, Liverpool, England) is an English singer and songwriter. He has written songs for The Hollies (\"\"Listen to Me\"\"), Manfred Mann (\"\"Ha! Ha! Said the Clown\"\" and \"\"Fox on the Run\"\"), \"\"Me, The Peaceful Heart\"\" for Lulu, The Yardbirds (\"\"Goodnight Sweet Josephine\"\"), Herman's Hermits (\"\"You Won't Be Leaving\"\"), Peter Noone (\"\"(I Think I'm Over) Getting Over You\"\"), The Tremeloes (\"\"Hello World\"\"), Gene Pitney (\"\"Maria Elena\"\"), Richard Barnes (\"\"Take to the Mountains\"\"), and Andy Williams (\"\"(I Think I'm Over) Getting Over You\"\") amongst others. Hazzard learned the guitar and ukulele when young, but", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 26 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11693507", "chunk_text": "\"Fool (If You Think It's Over)\"\nperformances by Brooks one of which was re-run. (After taping her 11 February 1982 \"\"TOTP\"\" performance of \"\"Fool\"\", Brooks was approached backstage by a fan asking for her autograph who Brooks soon intuited was in fact Chris Rea incognito.) In Ireland \"\"Fool\"\" became Brooks' highest-charting single with a #6 chart peak. In a 2014 pre-concert interview Brooks, when asked what \"\"big numbers\"\" she looked forward to singing, replied: \"\"I still really like 'Don't Cry Out Loud', 'Sunshine After the Rain' and of course 'Fool If You Think It’s Over': that is a terrific song.\"\" \"\"Fool If You Think It's Over\"\"", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 27 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12320025", "chunk_text": "\"A Fool in Love\"\nA Fool in Love \"\"A Fool in Love\"\" is an American rhythm and blues song by Ike & Tina Turner, released in 1960. Written by bandleader Ike Turner for a male vocalist, singer Art Lassiter, after Lassiter left Turner's band over financial arguments, his protege, \"\"Little Ann\"\" Bullock, sung the song from a female perspective under the assumption it would be a guide vocal. However, when Turner sent the record to New York, he was told to keep Bullock's vocals on, and release the record. It was Tina Turner's first professional release as a recording artist though she had been", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 28 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18458801", "chunk_text": "\"It's Over (Roy Orbison song)\"\nIt's Over (Roy Orbison song) \"\"It's Over\"\" is an American song composed by Roy Orbison and Bill Dees and sung by Orbison. Produced by Fred Foster and engineered by Bill Porter, the song was released as a 45rpm single by Monument Records in 1964, \"\"It's Over\"\" typifies the operatic rock ballad. The single entered the United States \"\"Cashbox\"\" chart on April 11, 1964, peaking at No.10 (on May 23, 1964), and reached No. 9 on the \"\"Billboard\"\" pop music chart. Meanwhile, after entering the United Kingdom singles chart on April 30, 1964, \"\"It's Over\"\" reached No. 1 on June 25,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 29 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5481649", "chunk_text": "\"David Slater\"\nDavid Slater David Slater (born November 22, 1962) is an American singer and songwriter. Slater was the male vocalist champion on TV's \"\"Star Search\"\" in 1987. Slater then signed a recording contract with Capitol Records and launched a country music career. He released two albums on Capitol in the late 1980s, \"\"Exchange of Hearts\"\" and \"\"Be with Me\"\". Both albums were produced by Randy Scruggs. Several of Slater's radio singles including \"\"I'm Still Your Fool\"\" and \"\"The Other Guy\"\" reached the top 40 on \"\"Billboard\"\" and other charts. Notable backup singers on Slater's Capitol albums include Vince Gill and members", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 30 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11463578", "chunk_text": "\"I Pity the Fool\"\nI Pity the Fool \"\"I Pity the Fool\"\" is a soul blues song originally recorded by Bobby Bland in 1961 for his first Duke Records album, \"\"Two Steps from the Blues\"\". Many music writers believe it was written by Joe Medwick, although Duke owner Don Robey (using the pseudonym \"\"Deadric Malone\"\") appears on the songwriting credits. The lyrics tell of a man, who, while pitying others for falling for a certain woman, knows that he is also shamed. After its release as a single, it became one of Bland's biggest hits and most identifiable songs. Subsequently, several artists have recorded", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 31 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7319479", "chunk_text": "\"Elkie Brooks\"\n\"\"Fool (If You Think It's Over)\"\" was a hit for Brooks taken from this album, written by Chris Rea. \"\"Pearls II\"\" (1982), \"\"Minutes\"\" (1984) and \"\"Screen Gems\"\" (1984), were all UK chart hits. In 1986, she sang the title song for the BBC television series \"\"A Very Peculiar Practice\"\". The song, written by Dave Greenslade, was never released as a commercial recording. In early 1987, the song \"\"No More the Fool\"\" became her biggest hit single to date while the parent album reached the top five. This led to her achieving a career peak, as she had two albums and", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 32 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18999480", "chunk_text": "\"She's a Fool\"\nShe's a Fool \"\"She's a Fool\"\" is a song written by Mark Barkan and Ben Raleigh that was originally recorded by Lesley Gore in 1963. The song appeared as a single and on the album \"\"Lesley Gore Sings of Mixed-Up Hearts\"\". The song was produced by Quincy Jones. The single reached #5 on the \"\"Billboard\"\" Hot 100 and #26 on Billboard's R&B singles chart. It was Gore's second straight single to reach #5, following \"\"Judy's Turn to Cry.\"\" It was also her third of four consecutive singles to reach the Top 5 to start her career, \"\"It's My Party\"\" reaching", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 33 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18458599", "chunk_text": "\"Connie Hall\"\nConnie Hall Connie Hall (born June 24, 1929 in Walden, Kentucky) is an American country music singer who had brief success as a country music artist in the late 1950s and 1960s. She is also a songwriter. Connie Hall had a brief career as a country music artist in the late 1950s and 1960s. This was helped by her two hits \"\"Fool Me Once\"\" and \"\"It's Not Wrong\"\". Hall was born in Walden, Kentucky, but she grew up in Cincinnati, Ohio. She started singing and performing as a teenager. At age 21, Hall worked at the \"\"Jimmie Skinner Music Center\"\"", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 34 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10406573", "chunk_text": "\"Think It Over\"\nGreasy\"\" (1976). Think It Over \"\"Think It Over\"\" is a rock-and-roll song written by Buddy Holly, Jerry Allison, and Norman Petty in 1958, originally recorded by the Crickets. This recording, released by Brunswick Records as a 45-rpm single (9-55072), reached number 27 on the \"\"Billboard\"\" pop singles chart, number 9 on the \"\"Billboard\"\" R&B chart, and number 11 in the UK. Vi Petty, Norman Petty's wife, played piano on this recording. The song has been recorded by Bobby Vee, the Hollies, Skeeter Davis, Gloria Lynne, P.J. Proby, and Ringo Starr. Australian band Ol' 55 covered the song on their album,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 35 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2078079", "chunk_text": "\"The Fool (Lee Ann Womack song)\"\nThe Fool (Lee Ann Womack song) \"\"The Fool\"\" is a song written by Marla Cannon-Goodman, Gene Ellsworth and Charlie Stefl, and recorded by American country music artist Lee Ann Womack. It was released in May 1997 as the second single from her self titled debut album. The song peaked at number 2 on the U.S. \"\"Billboard\"\" Hot Country Singles & Tracks (now Hot Country Songs) chart, her first of four songs to just miss the top spot. Womack told \"\"Billboard\"\" \"\"The first time I played the demo, I just passed on it. I said, 'Yeah, it's a good song, but", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 36 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6892864", "chunk_text": "\"Jack Earls\"\nJack Earls Jack Earls (born August 23, 1932, Woodbury, Tennessee) is an American country and rockabilly singer. Earls grew up on a farm in Manchester, Tennessee in a family of seven children. He sang as a child and began playing guitar at 16; at 17 he moved to Memphis and formed his first band there in 1949. In 1950, he married and had children, and his music-making was temporarily sidelined. In 1954, he formed a new band featuring guitarist Johnny Black (Bill Black's brother). This band recorded a demo at Sam Phillips's recording studio in mid-1955, \"\"A Fool For Lovin'", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 37 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2270772", "chunk_text": "\"Fool (Elvis Presley song)\"\n2. In the United Kingdom the single \"\"Fool\"\" spent 10 weeks on the UK Singles Chart, peaking at number 15 on the week of August 11, 1973. \"\"Billboard\"\" reviewed the single in its April 7, 1973 issue, calling it a \"\"[s]trong ballad effort in country-rock vein, following along lines of [Presley's] other ballad hits.\"\" The magazine also noted the \"\"good [chart] potential\"\" of the flip side (\"\"Steamroller Blues\"\" by James Taylor). Fool (Elvis Presley song) \"\"Fool\"\" is a 1973 song by Elvis Presley. It was adapted by songwriter Carl Sigman from a composition by James Last, titled \"\"No Words\"\". It", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 38 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12462083", "chunk_text": "\"If It's Over\"\nmixed review, comparing it to the work of Aretha Franklin, but called it \"\"translates into such excesses as the falsetto whoops.\"\" \"\"If It's Over\"\" only managed to chart at number 80 in the Netherlands, lasting five weeks in the chart. Netherlands/European CD single European CD maxi-single Japanese CD single Credits adapted from the liner notes of \"\"Emotions\"\". If It's Over \"\"If It's Over\"\" is a song written by American singers and songwriters Mariah Carey and Carole King, with the former and Walter Afanasieff helming its production. It was originally released on September 17, 1991 on Carey's second studio album, \"\"Emotions\"\".", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 39 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "138757", "chunk_text": "\"The Party's Over (Willie Nelson song)\"\nThe Party's Over (Willie Nelson song) \"\"The Party's Over\"\" is a song written by country music singer Willie Nelson during the mid-1950s. After arriving in Houston, Texas, Nelson was hired to play for the Esquire Ballroom band, where he would be allowed to close the shows singing the song. Guitar instructor and Nelson's friend Paul Buskirk forwarded the song to singer Claude Gray, who recorded the original version of the song, released as \"\"My Party's Over\"\" in 1959. Nelson recorded the song himself in 1966, which was released as a single in February 1967. It reached number twenty-four on \"\"Billboard's\"\"", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 40 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4532342", "chunk_text": "\"Famous Last Words of a Fool\"\nit in a register that’s slightly too low.\"\" Famous Last Words of a Fool \"\"Famous Last Words of a Fool\"\" is a song written by Dean Dillon and Rex Huston, and recorded by American country music artist George Strait. It was released in January 1988 as the first single from his album \"\"If You Ain't Lovin', You Ain't Livin'\"\". The song was co-written by Dean Dillon, whose version peaked at number 67 on Billboard's Hot Country Singles & Tracks chart in 1983. Kevin John Coyne of Country Universe gave the song a B- grade, calling it \"\"a solid song, but", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 41 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13020946", "chunk_text": "\"Terry \"\"Buzzy\"\" Johnson\"\nTerry \"\"Buzzy\"\" Johnson Terry \"\"Buzzy\"\" Johnson (born Isaiah Johnson, November 12, 1938), is an American popular music singer, songwriter and music producer. Johnson was born in Baltimore, Maryland, and grew up as a neighbor of The Orioles' Sonny Til and The Swallows' Earl Hurley. In 1954, Johnson formed The Whispers (no relation to the more famous Los Angeles-based group) with four high school friends, and recorded for Gotham Records (based in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania). Terry wrote, arranged and sang lead on \"\"Fool Heart\"\" and \"\"Are You Sorry?\"\", both released in 1955. Terry Johnson is the duet lead heard, along with Paul", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 42 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12915742", "chunk_text": "\"Kissing a Fool (song)\"\nKissing a Fool (song) \"\"Kissing a Fool\"\" is a song written and performed by George Michael and released by Columbia Records in 1988. A ballad with minimal instrumentation and a jazz feel, the song was written about Michael's insecurities as a soulmate and partner because of the baggage and reputation with which he came. According to Michael, the vocals were recorded in a cappella in one take. \"\"Kissing a Fool\"\" was the working-title for the album, which later was renamed to \"\"Faith\"\". Aside from Michael's vocals, the song employs piano, guitar, bass, drums, and a brass section. It was the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 43 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12462074", "chunk_text": "\"If It's Over\"\nIf It's Over \"\"If It's Over\"\" is a song written by American singers and songwriters Mariah Carey and Carole King, with the former and Walter Afanasieff helming its production. It was originally released on September 17, 1991 on Carey's second studio album, \"\"Emotions\"\". Lyrically, the song tells of a romance that has withered, and finds the protagonist asking her lover \"\"if it's over, let me go.\"\" Several months after the release of \"\"Emotions\"\", Carey performed the song during her appearance on the television show \"\"MTV Unplugged\"\". Following the release of the \"\"MTV Unplugged\"\" EP, the song's live version was used", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 44 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3848900", "chunk_text": "\"It's Over (Jimmie Rodgers song)\"\nsong has also been covered by Glen Campbell (in 1967) and by Dusty Springfield. 7\"\" single (1966) It's Over (Jimmie Rodgers song) \"\"It's Over\"\" is a 1966 song written and originally performed by Jimmie F. Rodgers. He released it as a single in 1966, with \"\"Anita, You're Dreaming\"\" on the flip side. Elvis Presley recorded a live version of \"\"It's Over\"\" at his January 14, 1973 televised comeback concert \"\"Aloha from Hawaii\"\". The recording was first released on the LP \"\"Aloha from Hawaii\"\". He also had recorded the song live (for RCA and MGM) in April 1972. Another live recording,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 45 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12632249", "chunk_text": "\"What Kind of Fool\"\nWhat Kind of Fool \"\"What Kind of Fool\"\" is the title of a vocal duet from 1981 (see 1981 in music) by singers Barbra Streisand and Barry Gibb. The song was written by Gibb and Albhy Galuten. The songs on the \"\"Guilty\"\" album were a collaboration between Streisand and all the members of the Bee Gees, including Barry's brothers, Robin and Maurice Gibb. But Barry Gibb played the largest role of the brothers on the album, co-writing and co-producing all of the tracks, appearing on the album cover embracing Streisand, and singing two duets with her. Co-producer Karl Richardson was", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 46 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9496750", "chunk_text": "\"Even a Fool Would Let Go\"\nEven a Fool Would Let Go \"\"Even a Fool Would Let Go\"\" is a country and pop song by songwriters Tom Snow and Kerry Chater (a former member of Gary Puckett & The Union Gap). The song lyrics meditate on a tempting but imprudent and perhaps adulterous (\"\"neither one of us is free\"\") love affair. The first recording of the song was by Gayle McCormick (formerly of the band Smith) on her 1974 solo album \"\"One More Hour\"\". In the autumn of 1976 Charlie Rich recorded the song at Columbia Recording Studio in Nashville with Billy Sherrill producing: the track", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 47 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13033011", "chunk_text": "\"What a Fool Believes\"\n12-inch version also has a more pronounced bass-driven drumbeat. \"\"What a Fool Believes\"\" is a 12\"\" vinyl EP by Matt Bianco, released in 1991. Numerous cover versions of the song have been recorded, including: What a Fool Believes \"\"What a Fool Believes\"\" is a song written by Michael McDonald and Kenny Loggins. The best-known version was recorded by The Doobie Brothers (with McDonald singing lead vocals) for their 1978 album \"\"Minute by Minute\"\". Debuting at number 73 on January 20, 1979, the single reached number one on the \"\"Billboard\"\" Hot 100 on April 14, 1979 for one week. The song", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 48 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11876540", "chunk_text": "\"American Fool\"\nAmerican Fool American Fool is the fifth studio album by John Mellencamp, released under the stage name John Cougar in 1982. The album was his commercial breakthrough, holding the #1 position on the \"\"Billboard\"\" album chart for nine weeks. It was one of 1982's best-selling albums. According to a 1983 article in the \"\"Toledo Blade,\"\" the song \"\"Danger List\"\" originated when Mellencamp heard his guitarist Larry Crane playing some chords in a basement rehearsal room. \"\"I turned on the tape recorder and sang 30 verses,\"\" Mellencamp explained. \"\"I just made them up. Then I went and weeded out the ones", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 49 } ]
test_3422	who played the female lead in the 1942 film casablanca?	n/a	[ "romantic drama", "Ingrid Bergman" ]	[]	n/a	n/a	n/a	[]	[ { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5824664", "chunk_text": "\"Casablanca (film)\"\nCasablanca (film) Casablanca is a 1942 American romantic drama film directed by Michael Curtiz based on Murray Burnett and Joan Alison's unproduced stage play \"\"Everybody Comes to Rick's\"\". The film stars Humphrey Bogart, Ingrid Bergman, and Paul Henreid; it also features Claude Rains, Conrad Veidt, Sydney Greenstreet, Peter Lorre, and Dooley Wilson. Set during contemporary World War II, it focuses on an American expatriate who must choose between his love for a woman and helping her and her husband, a Czech Resistance leader, escape from the Vichy-controlled city of Casablanca to continue his fight against the Nazis. Warner Bros. story", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 0 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10859518", "chunk_text": "\"Casablanca (film)\"\ntraced the path to Morocco shown in the film's opening scene. Notes Bibliography Streaming audio Casablanca (film) Casablanca is a 1942 American romantic drama film directed by Michael Curtiz based on Murray Burnett and Joan Alison's unproduced stage play \"\"Everybody Comes to Rick's\"\". The film stars Humphrey Bogart, Ingrid Bergman, and Paul Henreid; it also features Claude Rains, Conrad Veidt, Sydney Greenstreet, Peter Lorre, and Dooley Wilson. Set during contemporary World War II, it focuses on an American expatriate who must choose between his love for a woman and helping her and her husband, a Czech Resistance leader, escape from", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 1 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13548358", "chunk_text": "\"Ingrid Bergman\"\nfor Best Supporting Actress), and Daniel Day-Lewis (all three for Best Actor). Katharine Hepburn still holds the record, with four (all for Best Actress). Ingrid Bergman Ingrid Bergman (29 August 1915 – 29 August 1982) was a Swedish actress who starred in a variety of European and American films. She won three Academy Awards, two Primetime Emmy Awards, four Golden Globe Awards, a BAFTA Award, and a Tony Award. She is best remembered for her roles as Ilsa Lund in \"\"Casablanca\"\" (1942) and Alicia Huberman in \"\"Notorious\"\" (1946). Bergman was born in Stockholm to a Swedish father and a German", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 2 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13548318", "chunk_text": "\"Ingrid Bergman\"\nIngrid Bergman Ingrid Bergman (29 August 1915 – 29 August 1982) was a Swedish actress who starred in a variety of European and American films. She won three Academy Awards, two Primetime Emmy Awards, four Golden Globe Awards, a BAFTA Award, and a Tony Award. She is best remembered for her roles as Ilsa Lund in \"\"Casablanca\"\" (1942) and Alicia Huberman in \"\"Notorious\"\" (1946). Bergman was born in Stockholm to a Swedish father and a German mother and started her career as an actress in Swedish and German films in the 1930s. Her introduction to American audiences came with her", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 3 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14626597", "chunk_text": "\"Casablanca (1955 TV series)\"\nwe have $30,000 worth of furnishings here. Then we have an exterior set on the back lot of a Midwestern town\"\". The three top-billed roles in the 1942 film are played by Humphrey Bogart as Rick Blaine, Ingrid Bergman as Ilsa Lund and Paul Henreid as Victor Laszlo. In the series, the last name of Rick, portrayed by Charles McGraw, is Jason, while Ilsa and Victor do not appear as characters. The debut episode, \"\"Who Holds Tomorrow?\"\", showcases single-installment guest star Anita Ekberg playing a version of Ilsa, named Trina, but the storyline's reminiscence of Rick and Trina's past relationship", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 4 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5824675", "chunk_text": "\"Casablanca (film)\"\nfor his attention to the details of production (down to insisting on a real parrot in the Blue Parrot bar). The difference between Bergman's and Bogart's height caused some problems. She was two inches (5 cm) taller than Bogart, and claimed Curtiz had Bogart stand on blocks or sit on cushions in their scenes together. Later, there were plans for a further scene, showing Rick, Renault and a detachment of Free French soldiers on a ship, to incorporate the Allies' 1942 invasion of North Africa. It proved too difficult to get Claude Rains for the shoot, and the scene was", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 5 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14637437", "chunk_text": "\"Lisette Verea\"\nLisette Verea Lisette Verea (August 27, 1914 - August 27, 2003) was a Romanian-born cabaret singer and actress, known for her appearance in the Marx Brothers film, \"\"A Night in Casablanca\"\" (1946). Lisette Verea was born in Bucharest, the daughter of Hainerik Chaim Veksler Verea and Olga Veksler Verea. Verea moved to the United States in 1940. In 1944, she appeared on Broadway in a pair of operettas on a double bill (\"\"La Serva Patrona\"\" and \"\"The Secret of Suzanne\"\"), and in a revival of \"\"The Merry Widow\"\". In 1946, publicity proclaimed her \"\"Hollywood's newest glamor girl.\"\" Screen appearances by", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 6 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7240882", "chunk_text": "\"Corinna Mura\"\nEdward Gorey. She died in Mexico City in 1965 from cancer. Corinna Mura Corinna Mura (born Corinna Wall; 16 March 1910 – 1 August 1965) was a cabaret singer and diseuse. She had a small role in the classic film \"\"Casablanca\"\" as the woman playing the guitar while singing \"\"Tango Delle Rose\"\" and \"\"La Marseillaise\"\" at Rick's Café Américain. As a child she was trained by her parents to become a coloratura soprano. She sang three times for President Franklin D. Roosevelt. In 1944, Mura appeared in Cole Porter's hit Broadway musical \"\"Mexican Hayride\"\", and can be heard in two", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 7 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13230750", "chunk_text": "\"Lisette Verea\"\nand her sister Bella and a maid were the victims of a home-invasion robbery at the Hunters' estate, \"\"Blue Haven\"\", in Southampton, Long Island. Lisette Verea died on her 89th birthday, in New York City. Lisette Verea Lisette Verea (August 27, 1914 - August 27, 2003) was a Romanian-born cabaret singer and actress, known for her appearance in the Marx Brothers film, \"\"A Night in Casablanca\"\" (1946). Lisette Verea was born in Bucharest, the daughter of Hainerik Chaim Veksler Verea and Olga Veksler Verea. Verea moved to the United States in 1940. In 1944, she appeared on Broadway in a", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 8 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13882655", "chunk_text": "\"Joy Page\"\nJoy Page Joy Page (November 9, 1924 – April 18, 2008) was an American actress best known for her role as the Bulgarian refugee Annina Brandel in \"\"Casablanca\"\" (1942). Born Joy Cerrette Paige, she was the daughter of Mexican-American silent film star Don Alvarado (born José Paige) and Ann Boyar (1908–1990), the daughter of Russian Jewish immigrants. Her parents divorced when she was eight. In 1936, her mother married Jack L. Warner, then head of Warner Bros. studios. Warner, however, did not encourage his stepdaughter's interest in acting. Page, who initially thought the script to \"\"Casablanca\"\" was \"\"old fashioned\"\" and", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 9 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2898522", "chunk_text": "\"Casablanca (film)\"\neditor Irene Diamond convinced producer Hal B. Wallis to purchase the film rights to the play in January 1942. Brothers Julius and Philip G. Epstein were initially assigned to write the script. However, despite studio resistance, they left to work on Frank Capra's \"\"Why We Fight\"\" series early in 1942. Howard Koch was assigned to the screenplay until the Epsteins returned a month later. Principal photography began on May 25, 1942, ending on August 3; the film was shot entirely at Warner Bros. Studios in Burbank, California with the exception of one sequence at Van Nuys Airport in Van Nuys,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 10 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10859507", "chunk_text": "\"Casablanca (film)\"\nThe second series, briefly broadcast on NBC in April 1983, starred David Soul as Rick and was canceled after 3 weeks. There were several radio adaptations of the film. The two best-known were a thirty-minute adaptation on \"\"The Screen Guild Theater\"\" on April 26, 1943, starring Bogart, Bergman, and Henreid, and an hour-long version on the \"\"Lux Radio Theater\"\" on January 24, 1944, featuring Alan Ladd as Rick, Hedy Lamarr as Ilsa, and John Loder as Victor Laszlo. Two other thirty-minute adaptations were aired, one on \"\"Philip Morris Playhouse\"\" on September 3, 1943, and the other on \"\"Theater of Romance\"\"", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 11 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15529952", "chunk_text": "Casablanca\nnot formalised until 1910. Under the French rule, Muslim anti-Jewish riots occurred in 1908. The famous 1942 film \"\"Casablanca\"\" (starring Humphrey Bogart) underlined the city's colonial status at the time—depicting it as the scene of a power struggle between competing European powers. The film has a cosmopolitan cast of characters (American, French, German, Spaniard, Czech, Norwegian, Austrian, Bulgarian, Russian, and some other nationalities). Europeans formed almost half the population. During the 1940s and 1950s, Casablanca was a major centre of anti-French rioting. A bomb attack on 25 December 1953 (Christmas Day) caused 16 deaths. Operation Torch (initially called Operation Gymnast)", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 12 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7240881", "chunk_text": "\"Corinna Mura\"\nCorinna Mura Corinna Mura (born Corinna Wall; 16 March 1910 – 1 August 1965) was a cabaret singer and diseuse. She had a small role in the classic film \"\"Casablanca\"\" as the woman playing the guitar while singing \"\"Tango Delle Rose\"\" and \"\"La Marseillaise\"\" at Rick's Café Américain. As a child she was trained by her parents to become a coloratura soprano. She sang three times for President Franklin D. Roosevelt. In 1944, Mura appeared in Cole Porter's hit Broadway musical \"\"Mexican Hayride\"\", and can be heard in two numbers on the Decca original-cast album. She was stepmother to author/illustrator", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 13 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5824673", "chunk_text": "\"Casablanca (film)\"\ninitial filming date was selected for April 10, 1942, delays led to a start of production on May 25. Filming was completed on August 3, and the production cost $1,039,000 ($75,000 over budget), above average for the time. Unusually, the film was shot in sequence, mainly because only the first half of the script was ready when filming began. The entire picture was shot in the studio, except for the sequence showing Major Strasser's arrival, which was filmed at Van Nuys Airport, and a few short clips of stock footage views of Paris. The street used for the exterior shots", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 14 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7631108", "chunk_text": "\"Humphrey Bogart\"\nand Mary Astor as the treacherous female foil. Bogart's sharp timing and facial expressions were praised by the cast and director as vital to the quick action and rapid-fire dialogue. The film was a huge hit in theaters and a major triumph for Huston. Bogart was unusually happy with it, remarking, \"\"it is practically a masterpiece. I don't have many things I'm proud of ... but that's one\"\". Bogart gained his first real romantic lead in 1942's \"\"Casablanca\"\", playing Rick Blaine, a hard-pressed expatriate nightclub owner hiding from a shady past while negotiating a fine line among Nazis, the French", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 15 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13882657", "chunk_text": "\"Joy Page\"\nyear before, in her final film role, she played Prairie Flower, a Sioux Indian and mother of White Bull, played by Sal Mineo, in \"\"Tonka\"\". Page and Orr divorced in 1970. Their son, Gregory Orr, is a writer and producer. Page died on April 18, 2008, of complications arising from a stroke and pneumonia. Joy Page Joy Page (November 9, 1924 – April 18, 2008) was an American actress best known for her role as the Bulgarian refugee Annina Brandel in \"\"Casablanca\"\" (1942). Born Joy Cerrette Paige, she was the daughter of Mexican-American silent film star Don Alvarado (born José", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 16 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10253101", "chunk_text": "\"Everybody Comes to Rick's\"\nEverybody Comes to Rick's Everybody Comes to Rick's is an American play that was bought unproduced by Warner Brothers for a record figure of $20,000 (). It was adapted for the movie \"\"Casablanca\"\" (1942), starring Humphrey Bogart and Ingrid Bergman. Written by Americans Murray Burnett and Joan Alison in 1940, prior to the United States' entry into World War II, the play was anti-Nazi and pro-French Resistance. The film became an American classic, highly successful and ranked by many as the greatest film ever made. Feeling they had not received full recognition for their contributions, Burnett and Alison tried to", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 17 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1381882", "chunk_text": "\"Dooley Wilson\"\nDooley Wilson Arthur \"\"Dooley\"\" Wilson (April 3, 1886 – May 30, 1953) was an American actor, singer and musician who is best remembered as Sam in the 1942 film, \"\"Casablanca\"\"; in the film, he also performed its theme song, \"\"As Time Goes By\"\". Wilson was a drummer and singer who led his own band in the 1920s, touring nightclubs in London and Paris. In the 1930s he took up acting, playing supporting roles onstage on Broadway and in a series of modest films. His role in \"\"Casablanca\"\" was by far his most prominent, but his other films included \"\"My Favorite", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 18 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6625047", "chunk_text": "\"Dooley Wilson\"\nwas survived by his wife, Estelle (née Williams), who died in 1971. Dooley Wilson Arthur \"\"Dooley\"\" Wilson (April 3, 1886 – May 30, 1953) was an American actor, singer and musician who is best remembered as Sam in the 1942 film, \"\"Casablanca\"\"; in the film, he also performed its theme song, \"\"As Time Goes By\"\". Wilson was a drummer and singer who led his own band in the 1920s, touring nightclubs in London and Paris. In the 1930s he took up acting, playing supporting roles onstage on Broadway and in a series of modest films. His role in \"\"Casablanca\"\" was", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 19 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2354493", "chunk_text": "\"Rita Hayworth\"\nRita Hayworth Rita Hayworth (born Margarita Carmen Cansino; October 17, 1918May 14, 1987) was an American actress and dancer. She achieved fame during the 1940s as one of the era's top stars, appearing in a total of 61 films over 37 years. The press coined the term \"\"The Love Goddess\"\" to describe Hayworth after she had become the most glamorous screen idol of the 1940s. She was the top pin-up girl for GIs during World War II. Hayworth is perhaps best known for her performance in the 1946 film noir, \"\"Gilda\"\", opposite Glenn Ford, in which she played the \"\"femme", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 20 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13550792", "chunk_text": "\"Passage to Marseille\"\noccupied France. Renault's bomber finally lands. It has been badly shot up, and Matrac has been killed. After the squadron bury him, Freycinet reads Matrac's letter to his son that had been unable to be delivered. \"\"Passage to Marseille\"\" reunited much of the cast of \"\"Casablanca\"\" (1942), also directed by Curtiz, including Humphrey Bogart, Claude Rains, Sydney Greenstreet, Peter Lorre and Helmut Dantine. Other actors connected to both productions included Michèle Morgan who had been the original choice for the female lead for \"\"Casablanca\"\"; Victor Francen, Philip Dorn and George Tobias who are also featured. Although exotic locales were called", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 21 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17403166", "chunk_text": "\"Paul Henreid\"\nsimpler and less overtly Germanic Henreid. That year, Henreid became a citizen of the United States. His first film for the studio was \"\"Joan of Paris\"\", which came out in 1942 and was a big hit. At Warner Bros Henreid was cast in \"\"Now, Voyager\"\" (1942), playing the romantic lead opposite Bette Davis. Henreid's next role was as Victor Laszlo, a heroic anti-German resistance leader on the run, in \"\"Casablanca\"\" (1942) with Humphrey Bogart and Ingrid Bergman. Warners tried to consolidate Henreid's new status by co-starring him with Ida Lupino in a romantic drama, \"\"In Our Time\"\" (1944) then putting", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 22 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2963449", "chunk_text": "\"Road to Morocco\"\nRoad to Morocco Road to Morocco is a 1942 American comedy film starring Bing Crosby, Bob Hope and Dorothy Lamour, and featuring Anthony Quinn and Dona Drake. The film, which was written by Frank Butler and Don Hartman and directed by David Butler for Paramount Pictures, is the third of the \"\"\"\"Road to …\"\"\"\" films. It was preceded by \"\"Road to Zanzibar\"\" (1941) and followed by \"\"Road to Utopia\"\" (1946). The story is about two fast-talking guys castaway on a desert shore and sold into slavery to a beautiful princess. The setting is in Morocco. The film opens with a", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 23 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1053721", "chunk_text": "\"Algiers (film)\"\nfor the 1942 Warner Bros. film \"\"Casablanca\"\" which was written specifically for Hedy Lamarr in the female lead role. However, MGM refused to release Hedy Lamarr despite all efforts by Warners. Charles Boyer's invitation to \"\"Come with me to ze Casbah,\"\" did not appear in the film, but still became the comedians standard imitation of Boyer, much like \"\"Play it again, Sam\"\" for Humphrey Bogart and \"\"Judy, Judy, Judy\"\" for Cary Grant – all apocryphal lines. Boyer hated being reduced in that way, believing that it demeaned him as an actor. In some part, the lampoon of Boyer spread owing", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 24 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2898524", "chunk_text": "\"Casablanca (film)\"\n\"\"Casablanca\"\" went on to win the Academy Award for Best Picture, while Curtiz was selected as Best Director and the Epsteins and Koch were honored for writing the Best Adapted Screenplay—and gradually its reputation grew. Its lead characters, memorable lines, and pervasive theme song have all become iconic, and the film consistently ranks near the top of lists of the greatest films in history. In December 1941, American expatriate Rick Blaine owns an upscale nightclub and gambling den in Casablanca. \"\"Rick's Café Américain\"\" attracts a varied clientele, including Vichy French and German officials, refugees desperate to reach the still-neutral United", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 25 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15183895", "chunk_text": "\"Paulette Goddard\"\nPaulette Goddard Paulette Goddard (born Marion Levy; June 3, 1910 – April 23, 1990) was an American actress, a child fashion model and a performer in several Broadway productions as a Ziegfeld Girl; she became a major star of Paramount Pictures in the 1940s. Her most notable films were her first major role, as Charlie Chaplin's leading lady in \"\"Modern Times\"\", and Chaplin's subsequent film \"\"The Great Dictator\"\". She was nominated for an Academy Award for Best Supporting Actress for her performance in \"\"So Proudly We Hail!\"\" (1943). Her husbands included Chaplin, Burgess Meredith, and Erich Maria Remarque. Goddard was", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 26 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9076451", "chunk_text": "\"Casablanca (1983 TV series)\"\nCasablanca (1983 TV series) Casablanca is an American drama series, based on the 1942 film of the same name set in the genre of spying and intrigue during World War II. Five episodes were filmed but, following its NBC premiere on April 10, 1983, and two additional installments on April 17 and 24, it was taken off the air. The two remaining unaired episodes were ultimately scheduled four months later, during summer programming, and shown on August 27 and September 3. As in the 1942 feature, which was widely released in 1943 and won the Academy Award for Best Picture", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 27 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16646516", "chunk_text": "\"Joan Bennett\"\nConnecticut, with her parents. Bennett appeared in a large number of motion pictures, as well as network television productions, series work and made-for-TV movies, which are listed here in their entirety. Joan Bennett Joan Geraldine Bennett (February 27, 1910 – December 7, 1990) was an American stage, film and television actress. Besides acting on the stage, Bennett appeared in more than 70 motion pictures from the era of silent movies, well into the sound era. She is possibly best-remembered for her film noir femme fatale roles in director Fritz Lang's movies such as \"\"The Woman in the Window\"\" (1944) and", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 28 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2898523", "chunk_text": "\"Casablanca (film)\"\nLos Angeles. Although \"\"Casablanca\"\" was an A-list film with established stars and first-rate writers, no one involved with its production expected it to be anything other than one of the hundreds of ordinary pictures produced by Hollywood that year. \"\"Casablanca\"\" was rushed into release to take advantage of the publicity from the Allied invasion of North Africa a few weeks earlier. It had its world premiere on November 26, 1942, in New York City and was released nationally in the United States on January 23, 1943. The film was a solid if unspectacular success in its initial run. Exceeding expectations,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 29 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17754540", "chunk_text": "\"The Conspirators (1944 film)\"\nwhich the film was based, who wrote a brusque critique of it in \"\"The New Republic\"\". The Conspirators (1944 film) The Conspirators (aka Give Me This Woman) is a 1944 American Film-noir, World War II, drama, spy film, thriller directed by Jean Negulesco. The film stars Hedy Lamarr and Paul Henreid, features Sydney Greenstreet and Peter Lorre in supporting roles and a cameo of Aurora Miranda singing a Fado. \"\"The Conspirators\"\" was first considered a reunion of the \"\"Casablanca\"\" (1942) stars, who were originally offered leading roles. During World War II, former schoolteacher turned Dutch resistance fighter Vincent Van Der", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 30 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12469705", "chunk_text": "\"Susie Diamond\"\nDinah Washington, Rickie Lee Jones, Billie Holiday and Helen Merrill for inspiration, maintaining, \"\"I didn't copy anybody, but I heard a lot. For me, it helps to act the song out.\"\" Pfeiffer incorporated the \"\"undercurrent of anger\"\" in the lounge singer's performances, drawn from the fact that \"\"a lot of club singers ... haven't had the recognition they feel they deserve or that they had hoped for\"\" into her own interpretation of Susie. Stevens encouraged Pfeiffer to envision herself as Ingrid Bergman's character Ilsa Lund in the film \"\"Casablanca\"\" (1942) while recording \"\"More Than You Know\"\" for the film's soundtrack,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 31 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11014623", "chunk_text": "\"Inequality in Hollywood\"\nFor example, “in the 1942 classic \"\"Casablanca\"\", Ingrid Bergman, 27, played opposite Humphrey Bogart, 16 years older than her.” The FIA finds that 63.8 percent of women in the performance industry and 51.2 percent of men have a career that lasts between 11 and 15 years. This difference of 12.6 percent depicts the number of women who have ended their careers earlier than their male counterparts. A study in the Journal of Management Inquiry found a correlation between age, gender, and pay. The data show that “Average earnings per film of female movie stars increase until the age of 34,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 32 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17403311", "chunk_text": "\"Joan Bennett\"\nJoan Bennett Joan Geraldine Bennett (February 27, 1910 – December 7, 1990) was an American stage, film and television actress. Besides acting on the stage, Bennett appeared in more than 70 motion pictures from the era of silent movies, well into the sound era. She is possibly best-remembered for her film noir femme fatale roles in director Fritz Lang's movies such as \"\"The Woman in the Window\"\" (1944) and \"\"Scarlet Street\"\" (1945). Bennett's career had three distinct phases: first as a winsome blonde ingenue, then as a sensuous brunette femme fatale (with looks that movie magazines often compared to those", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 33 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14626598", "chunk_text": "\"Casablanca (1955 TV series)\"\nveers into spies, killers and Cold War intrigue. Billed fourth through seventh in the film's credits are Claude Rains as Captain Louis Renault, Conrad Veidt as Major Strasser, Sydney Greenstreet as Ferrari and Peter Lorre as Ugarte. The TV series retains the French police chief who bears a slightly different surname, Captain Renaud, played by Marcel Dalio (who was unbilled as Emil, Rick's gambling table croupier in 1942). The Nazi major, who had been fatally shot by Rick at the end of the film, was eliminated as a character, but Ferrari, the Fat Man with the powerful connections, was now", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 34 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9032644", "chunk_text": "\"Nina Foch\"\nNina Foch Nina Foch (; born Nina Consuelo Maud Fock; April 20, 1924 – December 5, 2008) was a Dutch American actress. After signing a contract with Columbia Pictures at age 19, Foch became a regular in the studio's horror pictures and films noir before establishing herself as a leading lady in the mid-1940s through the 1950s, often playing roles as cool, aloof sophisticates. Her career spanned six decades, consisting of over 50 feature films and over 100 television appearances. She is perhaps best known for her roles in \"\"An American in Paris\"\" (1951); Robert Wise's \"\"Executive Suite\"\" (1954), which", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 35 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6528055", "chunk_text": "\"Philip G. Epstein\"\nPhilip G. Epstein Philip G. Epstein (August 22, 1909 – February 7, 1952) was an American screenwriter most known for his screenplay for the film \"\"Casablanca\"\" (1942), which won an Academy Award. He had written it in partnership with his twin brother, Julius, and Howard Koch as an adaptation of the unproduced play, \"\"Everybody Comes to Rick's,\"\" written by Murray Bennett and Joan Alison. Epstein was born to a Jewish family in New York City and raised on the Lower East Side of Manhattan; his identical twin brother was Julius Epstein. Their father, Harry was a livery stable owner in", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 36 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2898534", "chunk_text": "\"Casablanca (film)\"\nright. The Jack Benny Fan Club can feel vindicated.\"\" The film was based on Murray Burnett and Joan Alison's then-unproduced play \"\"Everybody Comes to Rick's\"\". The Warner Bros. story analyst who read the play, Stephen Karnot, called it (approvingly) \"\"sophisticated hokum\"\", and story editor Irene Diamond, who had discovered the unproduced play on a trip to New York in 1941, convinced producer Hal Wallis to buy the rights in January 1942 for $20,000, the most anyone in Hollywood had ever paid for an unproduced play. The project was renamed \"\"Casablanca\"\", apparently in imitation of the 1938 hit \"\"Algiers\"\". Although an", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 37 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17345139", "chunk_text": "\"Road to Morocco\"\nthe United States National Film Registry by the Library of Congress as being \"\"culturally, historically, or aesthetically significant\"\". The film is recognized by American Film Institute in these lists: In an NPR interview, Middle East expert Dr. Jack Shaheen of Southern Illinois University cites \"\"Road to Morocco\"\" as \"\"one of the most stereotypical films ever to come out of Hollywood.\"\" The films themselves were spoofing the popular adventure movies of the time, however. Notes Road to Morocco Road to Morocco is a 1942 American comedy film starring Bing Crosby, Bob Hope and Dorothy Lamour, and featuring Anthony Quinn and Dona", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 38 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9113225", "chunk_text": "\"Ann Ayars\"\nin Beverly Hills, California. She began as a singer in the late 1930s and started acting in the early 1940s. She had parts in several television series, including \"\"Batman\"\", \"\"Hazel\"\", \"\"Mission: Impossible\"\", \"\"The Alfred Hitchcock Hour\"\", \"\"Perry Mason\"\", \"\"The Virginian\"\" and \"\"The Monroes\"\". She starred as Cholita in the 1941 film \"\"Fiesta\"\" and in 1942 she was Cynthia Cookie Charles in \"\"Dr. Kildare's Victory\"\". Also in 1942, she appeared as Constance Selden in \"\"Apache Trail\"\", Kaaren de Relle in \"\"Nazi Agent\"\" and Juliette in \"\"Reunion in France\"\". In 1943 she was Mrs Sandoval in \"\"The Human Comedy\"\" and Susan Thayer", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 39 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14627376", "chunk_text": "\"Casablanca (1983 TV series)\"\nin March 1944, the main character is named Rick Blaine and is portrayed in 1983 by David Soul who was born in 1943. The role of French police captain Louis Renault, originated by Claude Rains, was assigned to Hector Elizondo, Sydney Greenstreet's black marketeer Ferrari was recreated by Reuven Bar-Yotam and Sacha the bartender, played in 1942 by Leonid Kinskey, a character actor usually seen in comical portrayals, was taken as a serious role by Ray Liotta. Sam, Dooley Wilson's iconic piano player, was being interpreted by another veteran character player, Scatman Crothers, while Carl the maître d', created by", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 40 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2641759", "chunk_text": "\"Nanette Bordeaux\"\nNanette Bordeaux Nanette Bordeaux (April 3, 1911September 20, 1956) was a French Canadian-born American film actress. Born Hélène Olivine Veilleux, Bordeaux made over 15 film appearances between 1942 and 1957. Bordeaux moved with her family from Quebec to New York City in the 1930s, where she began auditioning for several theatre productions. By 1938, Bordeaux did a screen test at the Hal Roach Studios, and was chosen over 50 other actresses. She made appearances in several small movies in the 1940s, under the name Francine Bordeaux. Bordeaux was hired by Columbia Pictures director Jules White in 1949, and began appearing", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 41 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16154335", "chunk_text": "\"Gladys George\"\nRoaring Twenties\"\" (1939), \"\"The Way of All Flesh\"\" (1940), \"\"The Best Years of Our Lives\"\" (1946) and \"\"He Ran All the Way\"\" (1951). She played the widow of Miles Archer (Iva Archer) in \"\"The Maltese Falcon\"\" and Mme. Du Barry in \"\"Marie Antoinette\"\". Her last successful roles were as Lute Mae Sanders in \"\"Flamingo Road\"\", her brief appearance as the corrupt nurse Miss Hatch in \"\"Detective Story\"\", and \"\"Lullaby of Broadway\"\" as the alcoholic mother of Doris Day's wholesome character. Gladys George was married and divorced four times. George was afflicted with numerous ailments, including throat cancer, heart disease, and", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 42 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4606222", "chunk_text": "\"History of Casablanca\"\ncontrol of Casablanca was not formalised until 1910. It was especially during the years of military governor Hubert Lyautey that Casablanca became Morocco's economic center and Africa's biggest harbour. The famous 1942 film \"\"Casablanca\"\" underlined the city's colonial status at the time—depicting it as the scene of a power struggle between competing European powers, carried out without any reference to the local population, and with the film's vast cosmoplitan cast of characters (American, French, German, Czech and some other nationalities) including not a single Arab. During the 1940s and 1950s, Casablanca was a major centre of anti-French rioting. A terrorist", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 43 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3386996", "chunk_text": "\"Marlene Dietrich\"\nMarlene Dietrich Marie Magdalene \"\"Marlene\"\" Dietrich (, ; 27 December 1901 – 6 May 1992) was a German actress and singer who held both German and American citizenship. Throughout her long career, which spanned from the 1910s to the 1980s, she maintained popularity by continually reinventing herself. In 1920s Berlin, Dietrich acted on the stage and in silent films. Her performance as Lola-Lola in \"\"The Blue Angel\"\" (1930) brought her international fame and a contract with Paramount Pictures. Dietrich starred in Hollywood films such as \"\"Morocco\"\" (1930), \"\"Shanghai Express\"\" (1932), and \"\"Desire\"\" (1936). She successfully traded on her glamorous persona", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 44 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4184475", "chunk_text": "\"Michèle Morgan\"\nand \"\"Remorques\"\" (1941) directed by Jean Grémillon. Upon the invasion of France in 1940 by the Germans, Morgan left for the United States and Hollywood where she was contracted to RKO Pictures in 1941. Her career there proved rather disappointing, apart from \"\"Joan of Paris\"\" (1942) opposite Paul Henreid, and \"\"Higher and Higher\"\" (1943) opposite Frank Sinatra. She was tested and strongly considered for the female lead in \"\"Casablanca\"\" but RKO would not release her for the amount of money that Warner Bros. offered. Morgan did work for Warners however in \"\"Passage to Marseille\"\" (1944) with Humphrey Bogart. After the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 45 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10859479", "chunk_text": "\"Casablanca (film)\"\n14, 2012, at Sotheby's for more than $600,000 to an anonymous bidder. The piano Sam \"\"plays\"\" in Rick's Café Américain, put up for auction with other film memorabilia by Turner Classic Movies at Bonhams in New York in November 2014, sold for $3.4 million. Although an initial release date was anticipated for early 1943, the film premiered at the Hollywood Theater in New York City on November 26, 1942, to coincide with the Allied invasion of North Africa and the capture of Casablanca. It went into general release on January 23, 1943, to take advantage of the Casablanca Conference, a", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 46 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7434218", "chunk_text": "\"Casablanca (1955 TV series)\"\nAllison in January 1942, Warners had, at various intervals, assigned its adaptation to scenarists Julius and Philip Epstein, Howard Koch and the uncredited Casey Robinson, while also putting at the helm one of their top directors, Michael Curtiz. Production began on May 25, with final shooting concluded on August 3. \"\"Casablanca's\"\" New York City premiere was rushed to take place in November, thus taking advantage of the newspaper headlines announcing Allied capture of North African ports, including Casablanca. Because of the November release, the New York Film Critics included the film in its 1942 award season for best picture (the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 47 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14977142", "chunk_text": "\"A Night in Casablanca\"\nA Night in Casablanca A Night in Casablanca is a 1946 film starring the Marx Brothers: Groucho, Chico, and Harpo. The picture was directed by Archie Mayo, and written by Joseph Fields and Roland Kibbee. Set in Casablanca shortly after World War II, escaped Nazi war criminal Heinrich Stubel (Sig Ruman) has steadily murdered three different managers of the Hotel Casablanca. Disguised as a Count Pfferman, Stubel's goal is to reclaim the stolen art treasures that he has hidden in the hotel. However, the only way he can do this undetected is by murdering the hotel's managers and running the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 48 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19250793", "chunk_text": "\"Carole Landis\"\nCarole Landis Carole Landis (born Frances Lillian Mary Ridste; January 1, 1919 – July 5, 1948) was an American actress and singer. She worked as a contract-player for Twentieth Century-Fox in the 1940s. Her breakthrough role was as the female lead in the 1940 film \"\"One Million B.C.\"\", with United Artists. Landis was known as \"\"The Ping Girl\"\" and \"\"The Chest\"\" because of her curvy figure. Landis committed suicide on July 5, 1948, at the age of 29 by taking a barbiturate overdose. Carole Landis was born as Frances Lillian Mary Ridste on January 1, 1919, in Fairchild, Wisconsin, the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 49 } ]
test_3423	where did hope on bold and beautiful go?	n/a	[ "Milan, Italy" ]	[]	n/a	n/a	n/a	[]	[ { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6316243", "chunk_text": "\"Hope Logan\"\nas a contract character. Matula began taping \"\"The Bold and the Beautiful\"\" on November 19, 2009 and made her first appearance on January 11, 2010. On November 5, 2014, it was announced that after five years with the series, Matula would be departing the series. Matula taped her final scene on November 6 and made her final appearance on December 12. In March 2015, \"\"Soap Opera Digest\"\" reported news that Matula would make a return to the series, in a guest appearance as Hope. She is set to report to set on March 4, 2015, she aired on April 17", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 0 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6316241", "chunk_text": "\"Hope Logan\"\nHope Logan Hope Logan is a fictional character from \"\"The Bold and the Beautiful\"\", an American soap opera on the CBS network. The character was portrayed by several child actors and actresses since Hope's birth in 2002, most notably Rachel and Amanda Pace. In 2010, the role was rapidly aged and recast with actress Kim Matula, who made her first appearance in January 2010. Matula departed the serial as a series regular in December 2014; she made several guest appearances in 2015 and 2016. As of 2018, the role is portrayed by actress Annika Noelle. Introduced in 2002, Hope is", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 1 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3628267", "chunk_text": "\"Hope Logan\"\nThe two almost marry, until Wyatt reveals that Bill set up the whole thing. Liam and Steffy give it another go, but Hope soon discovers she's pregnant, from the one night she and Liam spent together before their aborted wedding. Steffy catches Liam and Hope making out behind the scenes of the Hope for the Future fashion show and she breaks up with him; Steffy steps back and \"\"gives\"\" Hope to Liam. In August 2018, Hope and Liam wed in front of their friends, families, Steffy, and Taylor. Hope Logan Hope Logan is a fictional character from \"\"The Bold and", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 2 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3628259", "chunk_text": "\"Hope Logan\"\ngets a note to go see Liam, but she finds him with Steffy at the cabin. Knowing that Steffy is back from Paris, and guessing she would be back to fight for Liam, Hope rehires Quinn, and she and Wyatt go to Hawaii together. Liam follows soon after to explain to Hope that Steffy had informed him that she is now able to conceive again, and that it was Quinn who once again interfered with their relationship. He then asks her to marry him immediately. Hope declines and ends her relationship with him, finally choosing Wyatt over Liam. Their happiness", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 3 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6316257", "chunk_text": "\"Hope Logan\"\nas well as Steffy, and she collided with her whilst they were skiing. After Liam finds out about the therapy sections, the medication and the accident with Steffy, he is stunned and confronts Hope, questioning their future. Liam takes Steffy up to Spencer cabin, where she decides to go ahead and sign the annulment papers, but Liam tears them up because he refused to hurt Steffy more and shares a passionate kiss with her. Once the divorce became final, Liam and Hope went to Italy at Brooke's insistence to remarry, although Ridge refused to design Hope's wedding gown out of", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 4 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "296347", "chunk_text": "\"Hope & Faith\"\nproduced by Joanna Johnson, who loosely based the premise on her own life as a former cast member of \"\"The Bold and the Beautiful\"\". The series was primarily filmed at New York City's Silvercup East, a sister studio to Silvercup Studios. In May 2006, ABC announced that \"\"Hope & Faith\"\" had been cancelled after three seasons. ABC announced on January 18, 2006 that it was benching \"\"Hope & Faith\"\" for the February sweeps to make room for an expanded edition of \"\"Dancing with the Stars\"\". The show began to air its remaining episodes from March 21, 2006 on Tuesdays at", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 5 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "296346", "chunk_text": "\"Hope & Faith\"\nHope & Faith Hope & Faith is an American television sitcom, starring Faith Ford and Kelly Ripa as Hope Shanowski and Faith Fairfield. Hope is a homemaker and mother of three and Faith is her sister, a soap opera star whose character is killed off, leading her to move in with Hope and her family in the fictional suburban Cleveland town of Glen Falls, Ohio. It originally aired on ABC from September 26, 2003 to May 2, 2006. During its first and second seasons, the series was part of the revived TGIF comedy block. \"\"Hope & Faith\"\" was created and", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 6 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3628266", "chunk_text": "\"Hope Logan\"\nshe may have information on Liam's whereabouts. She tells Steffy that she hasn't heard from Liam. Hope returns to Los Angeles in January 2018, with the guidance of Ridge, to surprise her mother. She makes her intentions known of returning to Forrester and potentially relaunching the \"\"Hope for the Future\"\" line. When Hope meets Sally Spectra, she finds out that Liam and Steffy’s marriage is in trouble and so she visits Liam to offer her support and friendship. Bill manipulates Liam to believe that Bill and Steffy are involved; Liam leaves Steffy and their daughter, Kelly, and proposes to Hope.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 7 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20205394", "chunk_text": "\"Kim Matula\"\nKim Matula Kimberly Marie Matula (born August 23, 1988) is an American actress, best known for her role as Hope Logan in the CBS daytime soap opera \"\"The Bold and the Beautiful\"\". Matula was born in Fort Worth, Texas to David and Karin Matula. She is of Norwegian ancestry. Matula has always dreamed of acting and created videos of her acting. She studied film at the University of Texas at Arlington, but dropped out because her acting career was taking off. In 2008, Matula appeared in the Lifetime movie \"\"Queen Sized\"\", and in next year moved to Los Angeles, then", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 8 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6316244", "chunk_text": "\"Hope Logan\"\nand 20, 2015. In February 2016, Matula was reported to make a guest return to the soap; she appeared on March 16, 2016. In November 2017, \"\"Soap Opera Digest\"\" announced that actress Annika Noelle had been cast in the role of Hope; she made her first appearance on January 8, 2018. The young adult character of Hope was first described as \"\"A polar opposite of what her mother Brooke once was, Hope makes no secret of her more traditional and reserved views on sex and marriage\"\". Matula has described Hope as \"\"Unlucky in love\"\". Speaking about the character's dramatic aging", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 9 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "600144", "chunk_text": "\"Hope Wilson\"\nand he was presumed dead. He turned up in Kansas just in time to save a blind Hope Adams from a rapist. Victor and Hope bonded on her farm in Kansas until Victor decided to return home to his company, Newman Enterprises. When he heard from a friend that everyone in Genoa City thought he was dead, he decided to stay in Kansas with Hope. Victor and Hope's romance was cut short when Hope revealed that she was engaged to her longtime friend, Cliff Wilson. Victor decided that he should go home for good, but Hope couldn't bear to let", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 10 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6316262", "chunk_text": "\"Hope Logan\"\npregnant. After finding out that Steffy was pregnant with his child, Liam eventually ended things with Hope, explaining that the ceremony was not his choice. Devastated, Hope found solace in Oliver, who finally somehow admitted he still had feelings for her, particularly by showing her the Chinese symbol for \"\"hope\"\" he got tattooed on his leg for her. Hope is touched, and they continue to reconnect. On the professional front, Hope steps down as spokeswoman for her line, Hope for the Future, and approves Rick's decision to hire Maya. During Steffy's pregnancy, she ignores warnings of riding her motorcycle which", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 11 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3628265", "chunk_text": "\"Hope Logan\"\nLiam for good and wants to rekindle her marriage to Wyatt now with the baby on the way. This is all changed when she suffers a miscarriage, and tells Liam that she will always love him. Hope visits Brooke in Milan, Italy, and does not return to L.A. with Brooke. In 2015, Brooke attempts to stop Deacon's wedding to Quinn by getting Hope to talk to him via a video message on her tablet. Hope tells Deacon that Quinn is evil, but he marries her anyway. In early 2016, Liam is kidnapped by Quinn, and Steffy calls Hope, thinking that", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 12 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10894355", "chunk_text": "\"The Bold and the Beautiful secondary characters\"\nand Hope tracked Beverly and Dayzee to a bus in Whittier; Stephanie stood in front of it to get it to stop. An angry Beverly dashed into a gated apartment complex. Dayzee explained it was transitional housing for kids who had aged out of the foster care system. Stephanie wore Beverly down by recounting her experience as an abused child, even admitting she'd gotten pregnant and married Eric as a way out of her father's house. Beverly agreed to return to Forrester, then introduced Stephanie and Hope to other residents of the home. After meeting Rick Forrester, Beverly gushed to", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 13 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5543301", "chunk_text": "\"Hope Williams Brady\"\nher. Addie, who was wealthy from her first marriage to Ben Olson, leaves Doug and Hope with financial security. Hope is sent off to boarding school in 1982 and is not seen again until a year later. She returns in the spring of 1983 when Roman Brady rescues her after she runs away from boarding school and later falls from a car driven by a drunk friend. She later develops a crush on Roman. Hope eventually becomes a cop, which she takes seriously. Roman spurns Hope's advances, even after Hope attempts to seduce him, and the situation inflames the jealousy", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 14 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6316263", "chunk_text": "\"Hope Logan\"\nresults in an accident, causing her to lose the baby and become infertile. Hope secretly expresses her happiness about the situation to her mother and aunt, saying it gives she and Liam another chance if the loss tears Liam's marriage to Steffy apart. After Steffy learns of her infertility, she tells Hope she is leaving for good and that Liam is now Hope's, not telling Hope or Liam the real issue. She and Liam go to Bear Cabin together to talk. While on a walk, she sees a naked stranger taking a shower. She takes a photo of him, only", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 15 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5543315", "chunk_text": "\"Hope Williams Brady\"\nsearching through Alice's effects, Hope and her cousin Jennifer Horton find a clock bearing the symbol of a phoenix, meaning Alice's secrets point to Stefano. During a conversation between Hope and Marlena on December 17, 2012, it is revealed that John and Hope's divorce was finalized. Bo and Hope's problems move to employment, mainly due to budget cuts at the Salem P.D., which meant that they are both asked to take a pay cut. Hope happily agrees, but Bo is very reluctant. After reassuring him that she will support his decision, Bo chooses to leave the police force. During this", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 16 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20205395", "chunk_text": "\"Kim Matula\"\nin 2010, she landed the role of Hope Logan in the CBS daytime soap opera \"\"The Bold and the Beautiful\"\". In 2014, Matula was nominated for a Daytime Emmy Award for Outstanding Younger Actress in a Drama Series. In her two final years on the soap, Matula's character had major storylines. In November 2014, it was announced that Matula had not renewed her contract and would be departing the series for a career in primetime television and film. In 2016, Matula joined the cast of the second season of the critically acclaimed Lifetime dark comedy-drama series, \"\"Unreal\"\". Kim Matula Kimberly", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 17 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6316261", "chunk_text": "\"Hope Logan\"\nsets up a commitment ceremony on Liam's property without his knowledge as Liam, coming home after telling Rick that he thinks his future with Hope is over and calls Steffy, and has the priest from Italy pressure Liam into taking vows again with Hope. Steffy, however, found out she was pregnant several days earlier and waited to tell Liam about it until after he made his choice on which woman he wanted to be with. Finding out that Brooke had practically bulldozed Liam into a ceremony, she went running to Liam's house to find him and tell him she was", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 18 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5543316", "chunk_text": "\"Hope Williams Brady\"\ntime, Bo's mother Caroline Brady begins to show symptoms of Alzheimer's disease. His sister Kayla Brady locates a clinic in California that will accept Caroline as a patient for a trial treatment. Bo leaves town with Caroline, and is reported to have returned to Salem a short while later, but is not seen on screen. Bo leaves Salem to work for the ISA and promises his family he will return, but after many months without hearing from him, Hope begin to doubt Bo is coming back. She meets lawyer Aiden Jennings in January 2014 and, after receiving no word from", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 19 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19918009", "chunk_text": "\"Liam Spencer (The Bold and the Beautiful)\"\nshe becomes pregnant. Steffy suffers a miscarriage after an accident while riding her motorcycle and moves to Paris. Liam resumes his romance with Hope. Liam's half-brother, Wyatt Fuller (Darin Brooks), begins working for Hope for the Future and competes with Liam for Hope. Wyatt's mother, Quinn (Rena Sofer), starts interfering and Steffy returns to win Liam back. When Hope sees Liam and Steffy together, she goes to Hawaii with Wyatt, unaware that Liam chose her. Liam tells Hope the truth, but she stays with Wyatt. Liam discovers Wyatt was behind a diamond heist at HFTF, and exposes him, but Wyatt", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 20 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19918011", "chunk_text": "\"Liam Spencer (The Bold and the Beautiful)\"\nWyatt sets up a press conference and publicly gifts the diamond to Hope, she accepts it. Wyatt and Rick take the diamond on a promotion tour, starting in Paris. Hope invites Liam to meet her there and marry her. Ivy and Aly (Ashlyn Pearce) convince Liam to meet Hope. When Ivy falls into the Seine, Liam jumps in to save her and misses his meeting with Hope. Bill tells Liam that Hope married Wyatt. Liam tells Hope the truth about being in Paris, but she does not leave Wyatt. Ivy and Liam kiss, but he still has feelings for Hope.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 21 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5543306", "chunk_text": "\"Hope Williams Brady\"\nrejects Bo. She then moves in with Franco Kelly. It is revealed that during Hope's four years of captivity at Maison Blanche, Stefano had the memories of the real Princess Gina Von Amberg, an accomplished art thief, saved on a chip and then installed in Hope's head. Stefano, who is seeking to retrieve his art treasures from Vivian Alamain, turns Hope back into Gina to help him. He gets Hope to kidnap John, and they make love on Stefano's yacht. When Stefano finds them, he ditches John and makes love to Hope himself. Hope and Stefano then travel to Paris", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 22 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5543314", "chunk_text": "\"Hope Williams Brady\"\nBecause of her separation from Bo, and his relationship with Carly, Hope is unable to sleep and takes prescribed medication, but she suffers bizarre side-effects that cause her to assume an alter-ego who mugs men on the street. Hope is caught and sent to jail shortly after this. During her prison time, she uncovers an illegal organ ring, and Bo rescues her from prison. Whilst on the run, the two realize their relationship is far from over, and Bo ends his relationship with Carly. In 2011, Bo and Hope renew their love for each other. On November 11, 2011, while", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 23 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8481933", "chunk_text": "\"Taylor Hayes (The Bold and the Beautiful)\"\nBradley Bell killed off the character and Tylo's last appearance was on October 30, 2002. In March 2004, she made a multiple-episode guest appearance as Taylor's ghost. Following this, she told \"\"Soaps in Depth\"\" that \"\"I knew it my heart I would not be going back\"\", stating that she wanted to \"\"let the character go\"\". During her time off the show, she had turned down offers to appear on other soaps including \"\"As the World Turns\"\". In 2005, Deanna Barnert of \"\"Soap Opera Digest\"\" wrote that according to an industry insider, a character from the show \"\"may come back from", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 24 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16150616", "chunk_text": "\"Hope & Faith\"\nLead actors and actresses are Berna Laçin (Hope), Nurgül Yeşilçay (Faith) and Kenan Işık (Charlie). Reruns began in July 2008 on TürkMax. Hope & Faith Hope & Faith is an American television sitcom, starring Faith Ford and Kelly Ripa as Hope Shanowski and Faith Fairfield. Hope is a homemaker and mother of three and Faith is her sister, a soap opera star whose character is killed off, leading her to move in with Hope and her family in the fictional suburban Cleveland town of Glen Falls, Ohio. It originally aired on ABC from September 26, 2003 to May 2, 2006.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 25 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17292845", "chunk_text": "\"The Bold and the Beautiful secondary characters\"\nown decision and makes his last appearance on September 8, 2017. While honeymooning in Africa, newly married Kristen Forrester and Antonio \"\"Tony\"\" Dominguez noticed that they had lost a roll of film. A mysterious boy showed up with the film to return it. As they began to talk to him they formed a bond with him. The boy, named Zende, invited them to visit him before they left the country. Kristen and Antonio were shocked to discover that Zende had been orphaned when both parents died of AIDS. Zende had lived at an orphanage with his younger brother, but sadly,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 26 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5543307", "chunk_text": "\"Hope Williams Brady\"\nwhere they are held prisoner by the real Gina as she tries to reclaim her life. They are finally rescued and Hope finds herself pregnant. Hope wishes that the baby is Bo's but doesn't believe it's possible, so she comes to believe that the baby is John's. In June 1999, Princess Gina arrives in Salem and reveals herself to Greta at John and Marlena's wedding. Meanwhile, Hope, still believing herself to be Princess Gina, arrives with Stefano; Hope briefly recovers her identity, but Stefano and Princess Gina then capture Hope and the real Gina takes her place. The ruse is", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 27 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3628250", "chunk_text": "\"Hope Logan\"\na sex therapist to 'please Liam' so that she wouldn't lose him to Steffy. The therapist gives Hope a trial dose of anti-anxiety pills and cautions her about sex with Liam further, but Brooke insists that Hope should be with Liam which confuses Hope even more to the point where she gets another prescription illegally from Amber. She begins acting abnormal, and eventually Liam finds out after a couple of incidents that nearly caused physical injury. The first was when Hope passed out in the pool at the Forrester House. The second was when Liam and Hope were in Aspen", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 28 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1143584", "chunk_text": "\"Hope Floats\"\nhis truck and they drive off together. The final scene shows Birdee, Justin, Bernice, and Travis at a big town event. Birdee has now taken full custody of Travis and is also dating Justin, but she's still not planning on getting married again for a really long time. Bernice embraces Smithville as her new hometown, ultimately accepts Bill's departure from her life as a full-time parent, and begins to accept Justin as her mother's new love interest and a father figure. She and Birdee are much closer because of everything they've been through, as Bernice finally realizes it wasn't her", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 29 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6316255", "chunk_text": "\"Hope Logan\"\nfor Hope and Liam in her home, convinced that her son Rick would seduce Steffy into signing the annulment papers. Steffy refuses, and demands a full, legal divorce. Fearing again that Steffy would somehow scheme Liam into staying with her, Brooke insists that Hope spend the night with Liam, to 'take the power away' from Steffy by giving Liam her virginity. The night did not go as well as Hope had wished, and she ended up traumatized. Brooke showed up early the next morning to see how the night went and found Hope in tears, and immediately took her to", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 30 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3628248", "chunk_text": "\"Hope Logan\"\nin, reminding Liam that Steffy is his wife and that he doesn't support his attempt to reunite with Hope. Liam, however, does not take that as an answer, making up his mind that his marriage to Steffy is over. Despite her pleading that they can get through this rough patch, Liam ends his relationship with Steffy and chooses to be with Hope. After she leaves, Liam goes outside where Hope is and reveals his left hand, which has no wedding ring on it. Brooke, worried that Steffy may try to pull a scheme to keep Liam, arranges for a wedding", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 31 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3628262", "chunk_text": "\"Hope Logan\"\nthat she is keeping the diamond. Wyatt and Rick decide to take Hope and the diamond on a promotion tour, starting with a photo shoot in Paris. Hope asks Liam to come with her, or meet her there to marry her. But Liam, still angry, does not know if he will go. Hope tells him to meet her at 3pm the next day after the photo shoot if he wants to continue their relationship. Wyatt begs Hope not to marry Liam, though she insists that she and Liam belong together. Liam misses his deadline with Hope, who then leaves with", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 32 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6316250", "chunk_text": "\"Hope Logan\"\nAfter witnessing the kiss, Hope takes off her engagement ring and leaves it at Liam's house. Heartbroken, Liam takes the ring and proposes to Steffy, who accepts. Liam and Steffy travel to Aspen, where they are married. Hope later begins flirtation with her step-brother, Thomas Forrester. They share a kiss despite Hope's unresolved feelings for Liam. While on holiday in Mexico, Thomas proposes to Hope and she briefly acknowledges that she might not be ready at the time, but someday her answer may be different and something may happen for them; she then kisses Thomas and says 'I feel safe", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 33 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16946185", "chunk_text": "\"Bridget Forrester\"\ninto the background, and was completely dropped off the show's canvas by October 1999. Bridget returns to Los Angeles in July 2000, now appearing as a young adult. Later that year, she is seduced by Deacon Sharpe (Sean Kanan). In early 2001, Bridget and Deacon elope, getting married in Las Vegas, but shortly after begin drifting apart. After Brooke is rejected by Ridge and dumped by Thorne, she sinks into a depression. Deacon comforts Brooke and they end up having an affair behind Bridget's back, resulting in the birth of Hope Logan (Kim Matula), who Bridget helped deliver. Brooke marries", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 34 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10894357", "chunk_text": "\"The Bold and the Beautiful secondary characters\"\nwent to jail so Caroline, his niece, could be with Rick again. Othello then showed up to DJ the Hope For The Future line that would cement Rick's role as president. Othello showed up to help Bill Spencer and Brooke Logan climb a mountain in Aspen, Colorado. Bill slipped and was dangling but he saved himself from falling. Othello questioned Oliver Jones about his relationship with Aly Forrester right after Ridge Forrester almost fired him, thinking Oliver found a way to keep his job. Othello attended a Forrester meeting and it was said that Othello was the music director for", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 35 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19918012", "chunk_text": "\"Liam Spencer (The Bold and the Beautiful)\"\nWhen Liam learns Quinn followed him and Ivy to Paris, and pushed Ivy in the Seine, he tells Hope and asks her to leave Wyatt. She refuses as she is pregnant. Liam and Ivy's relationship progresses. Hope suffers a miscarriage and leaves for Italy, after saying goodbye to Liam. Liam eventually breaks up with Ivy and pursues Steffy after Steffy comes back to LA. He realizes he still has feelings for Steffy and tries to win her back and eventually does. However, after a series of events with Ivy and Steffy where Ivy was electrocuted by a broken electric panel", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 36 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6316258", "chunk_text": "\"Hope Logan\"\nrespect for his other daughter. Bill tried to shanghai the wedding by bringing in Deacon Sharpe, which caused Hope to be late to the wedding and Liam to think that she had once again walked out on him. He turned to Steffy for comfort and asked her to leave with him and marry him again. Hope went to Liam's hotel suite, however, and Steffy hid in the bathroom while Hope told Liam what happened. Steffy insisted that Liam go ahead and marry Hope, so the wedding went off without a hitch. Once back in the States, Hope saw a video", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 37 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13466719", "chunk_text": "\"Hope Floats\"\nto make a fresh start. As Birdee and Bernice leave Chicago, Birdee gives Bernice a letter from her father, telling Bernice how much he misses her. Birdee struggles to make a new life as a working single mother and deals with the growing attraction between herself and a former high school classmate, Justin Matisse (Harry Connick Jr.), who Ramona hopes that Birdee will get together with. She also tries to rebuild her relationship with her estranged mother, her father (who has Alzheimer's Disease), and her daughter, who desperately wants to be with her father and grudgingly blames her mother for", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 38 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8481931", "chunk_text": "\"Taylor Hayes (The Bold and the Beautiful)\"\ndoor open for her to return, which she did months later. During her absence, the character was presumed to be dead. In March 1996, following Taylor's decreased airtime and rumors circulating of her exit, it was confirmed that the actress was to leave \"\"The Bold and the Beautiful\"\" after her contract expired that June, to pursue a primetime role on the Fox television drama \"\"Melrose Place\"\". Taylor's final appearance was in May 1996. However, in July 1996, Tylo was controversially fired from \"\"Melrose Place\"\" on the grounds of being pregnant and was replaced by Lisa Rinna. In response, she sued", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 39 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8481928", "chunk_text": "\"Taylor Hayes (The Bold and the Beautiful)\"\nAly (Ashlyn Pearce), now a teenager, heavily disapproves. Aly forgives Taylor for Darla's death and Taylor and Thorne return to Paris. After few months, Taylor returns to Los Angeles to visit some patients and tells Eric that she and Thorne broke up. Eric asks her to stay in Los Angeles, telling her that LA is the place where she has to live, but she refuses and returns to Paris. Before her leaving, Eric kisses Taylor on her cheek, still showing some feelings for her. In April 2018, Taylor returns to Los Angeles, where she confronts Bill for taking advantage of", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 40 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "600146", "chunk_text": "\"Hope Wilson\"\nNikki crashed the wedding upon hearing the news. Still, Victor and Hope were married in 1994. Then, Hope found out that she was pregnant. Victor and Hope found out that their baby could inherit Hope's blindness, and Victor urged Hope to have an abortion. Upset with Victor's idea, Hope returned to Kansas, and she began to spend time with Cliff Wilson again. Victor's friend, Douglas Austin, went to Kansas, and he urged Hope to return to Genoa City and to Victor. During the argument, Hope tripped over a chair, and she was rushed to the hospital. Victor went to Kansas", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 41 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "600151", "chunk_text": "\"Hope Wilson\"\nhim. Victor traveled the globe, searching for Victor Jr. to no avail. In 2008, Hope called Victor with tragic news: she was diagnosed with terminal pancreatic cancer. Victor sent his top doctors to Kansas to help Hope, but she was unable to be saved. Hope asked Victor to return to Kansas once more to say goodbye. Eventually, their son, now going by \"\"Vic\"\", returned to Kansas, shocked to see his mother's condition. Hope was sent home from the hospital to die in peace. Both Victor and Vic (Chris Engen) were with her when she announced her dying wish: she wanted", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 42 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3628256", "chunk_text": "\"Hope Logan\"\nmoves in with Liam, but when Liam catches him kissing Hope, he punches Wyatt, and after a fight between Bill and Wyatt, he moves out, but Hope later selects Quinn and Wyatt's jewelery business to accompany 'Hope for the Future'. When Liam finds out, he convinces Hope to try and break the contract. Hope asks Eric to do so but he doesn't agree, knowing that it is a personal reason for wanting to end the contract. So the contract stands, much to Liam's dismay, and the two fly to Mexico to get the Hope Diamond for the line, which makes", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 43 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3628263", "chunk_text": "\"Hope Logan\"\nWyatt on the Spencer jet. Wyatt takes her to Bill's yacht in Monte Carlo, where he insists that Liam wasted all of his chances with Hope, but that he will always be there for her. Wyatt proposes to Hope using the HFTF diamond, and Hope accepts and marries Wyatt. She realizes Wyatt is the man she had wanted the whole time, and that a life with Liam was just a fantasy for her. Although Liam revealed that he was indeed at Paris at the time she left, she remained positive on making her commitment to Wyatt. However, about a month", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 44 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5543305", "chunk_text": "\"Hope Williams Brady\"\na cave. When the cave explodes, Hope is presumed dead. Four years later, Bo begins a new relationship with Billie Reed, who later proposes to him, but their plans are shattered after John Black finds an amnesiac woman at Stefano DiMera's house, \"\"Maison Blache\"\", who looks exactly like Hope. The woman calls herself \"\"Gina\"\", but after Alice finds a puzzle box that only Hope could open, they learn that \"\"Gina\"\" is truly Hope. Bo later breaks up with Billie, and reconciles with Hope but just before they are to remarry, Hope catches Bo in a compromising position with Billie, and", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 45 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "600145", "chunk_text": "\"Hope Wilson\"\nhim go. She broke off her engagement to Cliff, and she accompanied Victor back to Genoa City. When the pair arrived, Hope met Victor's longtime love and ex-wife, Nikki Newman (Melody Thomas Scott). Nikki was threatened by Hope, but Hope did not want to interfere with Victor and Nikki's relationship. She decided to return home to Kansas, but Victor followed her. Once back in Kansas, Hope revealed to Victor that she was a virgin. Soon after, Victor and Hope made love. Victor then proposed to Hope, and she accepted. In 1994, the engaged couple returned to Genoa City to wed.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 46 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5533071", "chunk_text": "\"Bo Brady and Hope Williams\"\nBo Brady and Hope Williams Beauregard \"\"Bo\"\" Brady and Hope Williams Brady are fictional characters and the signature supercouple on the American daytime drama \"\"Days of Our Lives\"\". Bo is portrayed by Peter Reckell and Hope is portrayed by Kristian Alfonso. On internet message boards, the couple is often referred by the portmanteau \"\"Bope\"\" (for Bo and Hope). Along with \"\"General Hospital's\"\" Luke and Laura Spencer, Bo and Hope are considered to be one of daytime's most iconic couples. Bo Brady and Hope Williams changed the face of daytime when rebel Bo came riding into town on his motorcycle in", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 47 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2694899", "chunk_text": "\"Hunter Tylo\"\nto move to New York City, she was offered a role of Dr. Taylor Hayes on \"\"The Bold and the Beautiful\"\". She initially resisted the part but eventually relented. She began her tenure in 1990, while still pursuing her degree at Fordham. In 2000, Tylo released her autobiography, \"\"Making a Miracle\"\". Tylo left \"\"The Bold and the Beautiful\"\" in 2002. She returned to the show in 2004 for a two-episode appearance as a vision. In May 2005, she returned as a series regular and left the series again in July 2013. In 2014 she returned to the show for a", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 48 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3628260", "chunk_text": "\"Hope Logan\"\nis short-lived when it is revealed by Liam that Wyatt took the Hope diamond as a P.R stunt, before the real jewel thieves had intentions to steal it. It almost ends their relationship completely, but Hope decides to give Wyatt another chance, much to Liam's dismay. Hope then endures a pregnancy scare, and with Liam's persuasion, she dates both brothers, agreeing that she will choose who she wants to spend the rest of her life with at the end of it. After finding out about Quinn's involvement in Ridge's disappearance and feared death, Hope chooses Liam and they become engaged.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 49 } ]
test_3424	where did they get the vibranium to make captain americas shield?	n/a	[ "Wakanda" ]	[]	n/a	n/a	n/a	[]	[ { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2713229", "chunk_text": "Vibranium\nVibranium Vibranium () is a fictional metal appearing in American comic books published by Marvel Comics. This fictional metal is noted for its uncanny ability to leverage thermodynamics in absorbing, storing, and releasing kinetic energy in a controlled manner. Vibranium is associated with Black Panther, as his suit is made from vibranium and is found in his native homeland of Wakanda. Antarctic Vibranium or Anti-Metal is created by artificial means, in contrast to natural, or Wakandan, vibranium. Vibranium is also commonly known as one of the materials used to construct Captain America's shield. Vibranium first appeared in \"\"Daredevil\"\" #13 (February", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 0 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6272975", "chunk_text": "Vibranium\nform a new tank armor, but was unable to fuse the elements. One morning, he found that the two materials had bonded on their own in an unknown manner. The ultra-resilient alloy was used to create Captain America's shield. MacLain worked for decades (without success) to duplicate the accident. However, during an experiment in the 1960s, he developed the virtually indestructible metal adamantium. In the comics, when T'Challa became king of Wakanda, he strove to end his country's isolation from the rest of the world. Making the existence of vibranium known to the outside world around the mid-1980s, he sold", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 1 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10981197", "chunk_text": "\"Captain America's shield\"\nthe design was too similar to that of its own patriotic hero the Shield, Timely Comics replaced the triangular shield with a disc-shaped one. While the origin and fate of the original shield were not described in the original comics from the 1940s, the shield's fate was revealed decades later in 2001 through a retconned story. According to the tale, King T'Chaka of the African nation Wakanda met Captain America in early 1941 and gave him a sample of vibranium, an alien metal with unique vibration absorption properties and found only in Wakanda and the Savage Land. The new Vibranium", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 2 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10981202", "chunk_text": "\"Captain America's shield\"\nThe shield is created by a fictional American metallurgist named Myron MacLain, who had been commissioned by the US government to create an indestructible armor material to aid the war effort. MacLain experiments with the indestructible vibration-absorbing metal vibranium. During one of his experiments to fuse vibranium with an experimental iron alloy, MacLain falls asleep and awakens to find that the resulting alloy had set in a tank hatch mold. It was then painted to become Captain America's symbol. MacLain would later attempt to recreate the shield's metal to no avail, his experiments instead eventually yielding the super-metal adamantium. Rogers'", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 3 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "909499", "chunk_text": "\"Captain America\"\nwhich Captain America's 1950s imitator and Nuke are the most notorious examples. Captain America has used multiple shields throughout his history, the most prevalent of which is a nigh-indestructible disc-shaped shield made from an experimental alloy of steel and the fictional vibranium. The shield was cast by American metallurgist Dr. Myron MacLain, who was contracted by the U.S. government, from orders of President Franklin D. Roosevelt, to create an impenetrable substance to use for tanks during World War II. This alloy was created by accident and never duplicated, although efforts to reverse-engineer it resulted in the discovery of adamantium. Captain", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 4 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2713249", "chunk_text": "Vibranium\nunconnected to the shield. This created a vibranium \"\"cancer\"\", a shock wave propagating throughout the world. It violently detonated any vibranium it found, from mineral deposits to components of ships or equipment. The shock wave was traveling to the \"\"Great Vibranium Mound\"\" in Wakanda, where the resulting explosion could destroy the world. With the unwitting aid of the villain Klaw, Captain America was able to stop the cancer and restore his shield. Vibranium appears frequently in the Marvel Universe. In the computer game \"\"\"\" the nanite artificial intelligence known as \"\"the Fold\"\" attempts to harvest vibranium in Wakanda in order", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 5 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6272978", "chunk_text": "Vibranium\nCaptain Marvel's space travels. In the wake of the continuity-wide spanning reboot of the Marvel multiverse called \"\"Secret Wars: Battleworld\"\", vibranium's abundance in Wakanda and beyond has re-flourished to sizable quantities, mutant criminal Vanisher was making off with and selling Wakandan vibranium in the black market in New York City. In the Marvel Comics Universe, vibranium is a rare metallic substance of extraterrestrial origin. It exists in three forms: Wakandan Vibranium is the most common variety, and is often referred to simply as \"\"vibranium\"\". It is a rare substance native only to the fictional small African nation of Wakanda. The", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 6 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "274255", "chunk_text": "Vibranium\non to some of it without her team's knowledge. Reverbium would turn up again in the hands of A.I.M Scientists under the influence of Klaw, who'd used it in a new scheme against Black Panther and the nation of Wakanda; the faux vibranium also had the effect of enhancing his sonic powers to unknown degrees. When a small sub-molecular imperfection was introduced into Captain America's shield, each impact over the years spread to neighboring molecules. It grew until the molecular bonds of the shield were completely broken down, shattering the shield. The shattering effect continued to spread to other vibranium,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 7 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2713251", "chunk_text": "Vibranium\ncritical information regarding temperature, stability, integrity and more, wirelessly and virtually instantly. Vibranium Vibranium () is a fictional metal appearing in American comic books published by Marvel Comics. This fictional metal is noted for its uncanny ability to leverage thermodynamics in absorbing, storing, and releasing kinetic energy in a controlled manner. Vibranium is associated with Black Panther, as his suit is made from vibranium and is found in his native homeland of Wakanda. Antarctic Vibranium or Anti-Metal is created by artificial means, in contrast to natural, or Wakandan, vibranium. Vibranium is also commonly known as one of the materials used", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 8 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4493580", "chunk_text": "\"Captain America's shield\"\nimpact until it finally shattered after it was retrieved from the bottom of the ocean. Learning that the vibranium cancer would require the destruction of the shield in order to cure it, Rogers took the shield to the main vibranium deposit in Wakanda so that he could use a device created by Tony Stark to halt the 'cancer' before it could contaminate the Wakandan vibranium and destroy the world, only to be intercepted by the villain Klaw, who sought to absorb the power and become stronger. Fortunately, the amount of energy Klaw had absorbed was released when he struck the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 9 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9828710", "chunk_text": "\"Myron MacLain\"\nthey were presumably destroyed. The experimental metal used to construct Captain America's shield, it is one of the most impervious metals in the Marvel Universe. While he may have created it by accident and with some luck from the mysterious X-factor, he is mostly known because of its creation. The vibranium composition allows it to absorb vibratory energy as well as kinetic energy directed towards it. Neither he nor anyone else has ever been able to reproduce it, no matter the amount of years, funding, or skills appropriated to such attempts. While not nearly as strong as his first invention,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 10 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1886545", "chunk_text": "Vibranium\nthe comics, when Wakanda was politically taken over by the xenophobic Desturi, they granted Doctor Doom access to the country's vibranium vaults. Fearing Doom would use it to amplify his mystical energies, T'Challa activated a failsafe he had developed that rendered all processed vibranium inert. In the comics, the rumors about its alien origin had later been proven true, as while most of earth's vibranium had been all but liquidated, certain planetary systems carry an ample supply of the element deep within certain extraterrestrial biospheres, as was the case with a refugee planet that the Spartax Empire tried reclaiming during", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 11 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6272973", "chunk_text": "Vibranium\nby Stan Lee and Jack Kirby, a new variation of vibranium was introduced in the isolated nation of Wakanda. This variation had the unique attribute of being able to absorb sound. This is the variation which is most often identified in continuity as simply \"\"vibranium\"\". In the Marvel Universe, vibranium was first deposited on Earth by a meteorite 10,000 years ago. In the comics, the first documented discovery of vibranium was during a human expedition to Antarctica. This particular isotope of vibranium was called \"\"Anti-Metal\"\" due to its property of dissolving other metals. In the comics, a different variety of", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 12 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4493562", "chunk_text": "\"Captain America's shield\"\nwas created by the team of writer-artist Joe Simon and artist Jack Kirby. Captain America's shield is virtually indestructible under normal conditions. While cosmic and magical or godly opponents have broken the shield, the shield proves strong enough to absorb Hulk's strength, and repel an attack from Thor's mystical hammer Mjölnir without any visible damage. Due to its construction of a vibranium and Iron alloy, it is able to absorb all kinetic energy and transfers very little energy from each impact, preventing Captain America from feeling recoil or transferred impact forces when blocking attacks. This alloy also allows him to", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 13 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5685609", "chunk_text": "Vibranium\nto construct communication towers around the world, spreading its control signal globally. While the heroes of the game manage to thwart the invasion, they are too late to prevent the construction of enough towers to make the Fold a worldwide threat. In 2016, Hyperloop Transportation Technologies developed a real-world smart composite material named Vibranium. The lightweight carbon fiber material for the Hyperloop pods is reported to provide the passengers double protection against damage to the exterior. The company says that its Vibranium is eight times lighter than aluminum and 10 times stronger than steel alternatives. The smart material can transmit", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 14 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6272976", "chunk_text": "Vibranium\nsmall quantities of it to foreigners who, he believed, would not use it to harmful ends. T'Challa used the profits to enrich and modernize his nation. In the comics, over the years, many have tried to obtain or affect the mound of vibranium at Wakanda, but for the most part Wakanda has kept it safe, and become quite powerful in the process. In the comics, during their Secret Invasion of Earth, the Skrulls assumed the identity of S.H.I.E.L.D. agents and enslaved natives of the Savage Land to mine Anti-Metal. They also invaded Wakanda. The Wakandans successfully repelled the attack. In", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 15 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2713230", "chunk_text": "Vibranium\n1966), which was written by Stan Lee and illustrated by John Romita. Here, vibranium was seen to be an unusual metallic element with decidedly strange properties. Since that point in Marvel continuity, it has been established that there are a few variations of this element which can be found in isolated regions all around the world. The variation first introduced in \"\"Daredevil\"\" #13 eventually became known as Anti-Metal. This variation's unique attribute is that it can cut through any known metal. In the Marvel Universe, Anti-Metal can traditionally be found only in Antarctica. Later in \"\"Fantastic Four\"\" #53 (August 1966),", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 16 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6272974", "chunk_text": "Vibranium\nvibranium found in Wakanda absorbs sound waves and other vibrations, including kinetic energy. Absorbing sound waves, vibrations, and kinetic energy makes this metal stronger. It was discovered by the Wakandan ancestors. To protect this resource, they concealed their country from the outside world. T'Chaka funded his country's education by occasionally selling off minuscule quantities of the metal. As a result, Wakanda is one of the world's most technologically advanced nations. In the comics, during the early 1940s, a small amount of Wakandan vibranium came into the possession of the scientist Myron MacLain. He tried to combine vibranium with iron to", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 17 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17058619", "chunk_text": "\"Captain America's shield\"\nindestructible shield is more durable than regular adamantium and one of the most indestructible objects in The Marvel Universe. The vibranium grants the shield unusual properties, allowing it to absorb all of the kinetic impact and vibrations from any blows that the shield receives without injuring Rogers in the process. The vibranium is also a factor in the way Rogers throws his shield: he often uses it to ricochet and strike multiple opponents or stationary objects with little loss of velocity in its forward movement after each impact. When Rogers returns from suspended animation, Tony Stark \"\"improves\"\" the shield by", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 18 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14364563", "chunk_text": "Vibranium\nmutating effect of over exposure to its unique energy signature. Causing one such individual who adorned an Anti-Metal full body suit for protection against Moon Knight and his arsenal to emit the same metal melting radiation he had intended to weaponize for his own purposes. There are at least two forms of man made Vibranium created outside of Wakanda through various means. The first variant is called NuForm which featured in the Vibranium Vendetta event of Marvel Comics imprint, created by the Roxxon Corporation for unknown reasons, It was an alchemic blend made through the combination of organic and mineral", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 19 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10981201", "chunk_text": "\"Captain America's shield\"\nprovided by T'Chaka to incapacitate the Skull. The weapon serves as the inspiration for the circular shield that the super-soldier begins using upon his return to America, and the encounter marks the beginning of friendly relations between the United States and Wakanda. The circular shield most associated with Captain America made its debut in \"\"Captain America Comics\"\" #2 (April 1941). A concavo-convex metal disc approximately in diameter, is indestructible and has remained his most constant shield over the decades. In \"\"Captain America\"\" #255 (March 1981), it is established that the shield was presented to Rogers by President Franklin D. Roosevelt.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 20 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9828713", "chunk_text": "\"Myron MacLain\"\nDeathstrike, Dark Wind's daughter, has made a claim to owning the rights to the adamantium. Myron MacLain Myron MacLain is a fictional character appearing in American comic books published by Marvel Comics. He is generally credited as the creator of the proto-adamantium alloy that was used to create Captain America's shield and as the creator of adamantium in an effort to re-create the shield. MacLain is a gifted metallurgist whose inventions have served many superheroes and supervillains alike in the Marvel Universe. He has also proven adept at robotics and constructing suits of armor. In the 1930s, Dr. Myron MacLain", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 21 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10981204", "chunk_text": "\"Captain America's shield\"\nincorporating electronic and magnetic components in it so that Rogers can even control it in flight. Rogers soon discards the additional components because he finds that it upsets the balance of the shield when thrown. After Rogers' death, Stark takes over custody of the shield, with one replica on display in a museum, and another replica buried with Rogers. The real one is kept by Stark to be used by the new Captain America, whenever they deem it appropriate to train a new one. After failing to find a S.H.I.E.L.D. agent capable of throwing it properly, Stark offers the shield", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 22 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1886550", "chunk_text": "Vibranium\nfather who dubbed the Plunder Stone and all recorded knowledge of the family relic only accessible through his inherited medallion fashioned from the stone, to pillage and terrorize the world by liquidating all armaments used against him. Wakandan vibranium is able to become an artificial and unstable form of the Anti-Metal variety of vibranium through certain particle bombardments on it. If huge quantities of Anti-Metal are gathered together, the vibrations increase exponentially. One such case occurred with the most stable reactionary transformation through a Cyclotron using gigawatt baryon beam bombardment. Much like natural Wakandan vibranium, Antarctic vibranium also has the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 23 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1341388", "chunk_text": "\"Captain America: The First Avenger\"\nof Schmidt's Nazi division Hydra, freeing Barnes and the other prisoners. Rogers confronts Schmidt, who removes a mask to reveal a red, skull-like visage that earned him the sobriquet \"\"the Red Skull\"\". Schmidt escapes and Rogers returns to base with the freed soldiers. Rogers recruits Barnes, Dum Dum Dugan, Gabe Jones, Jim Morita, James Montgomery Falsworth, and Jacques Dernier to attack other known Hydra bases. Stark outfits Rogers with advanced equipment, most notably a circular shield made of vibranium, a rare, nearly indestructible metal. Rogers and his team sabotage various Hydra operations. The team later assaults a train carrying Zola.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 24 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4493579", "chunk_text": "\"Captain America's shield\"\n\"\"The Infinity Gauntlet\"\", Thanos, who possesses near-omnipotence via the Infinity Gauntlet, shatters the shield with a blow of his fist while in combat with Captain America. The shield is soon restored by Thanos' alleged granddaughter, Nebula, when she obtains the Gauntlet and uses it to undo the events of Thanos's temporary godhood, resulting in her erasing the death and destruction that Thanos had caused over the previous 24 hours. Due to a stray molecule being out of place when Rogers reconstructed the shield using the Beyonder's residual power, a vibranium 'cancer' was introduced to the shield, spreading with each subsequent", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 25 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "909501", "chunk_text": "\"Captain America\"\nas steel, or even a photonic energy shield designed to mimic a vibranium matrix. Rogers, having relinquished his regular shield to Barnes, carried a variant of the energy shield which can be used with either arm, and used to either block attacks or as an improvised offensive weapon able to cut through metal with relative ease. Much like his Vibranium shield, the energy shield can be thrown, including ricocheting off multiple surfaces and returning to his hand. Captain America's uniform is made of a fire-retardant material, and he wears a lightweight, bulletproof duralumin scale armor beneath his uniform for added", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 26 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9828702", "chunk_text": "\"Myron MacLain\"\nMyron MacLain Myron MacLain is a fictional character appearing in American comic books published by Marvel Comics. He is generally credited as the creator of the proto-adamantium alloy that was used to create Captain America's shield and as the creator of adamantium in an effort to re-create the shield. MacLain is a gifted metallurgist whose inventions have served many superheroes and supervillains alike in the Marvel Universe. He has also proven adept at robotics and constructing suits of armor. In the 1930s, Dr. Myron MacLain learned metallurgy and his skills in the field soon became useful when he came under", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 27 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1886547", "chunk_text": "Vibranium\nWakandan isotope possesses the ability to absorb all vibrations in the vicinity as well as kinetic energy directed at it. The energy absorbed is stored within the bonds between the molecules that make up the substance. As a result, kinetic energy is dissipated within the bonds instead. There are limits to the capacity of the energy that can be stored, and although the exact limitations are not yet known, there have been a few examples. One such instance was when the oil conglomerate Roxxon discovered that a small island in the South Atlantic had a foundation composed of vibranium. Due", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 28 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10981198", "chunk_text": "\"Captain America's shield\"\nsample was used to make Captain America's circular shield and his triangular one was retired. Captain America received a second triangular shield that he used until given his disc-shaped shield, which was personally presented to him by President Franklin Roosevelt. This second triangular shield would be kept in storage with Rogers' other personal effects after the war. It was recovered at some point after Rogers joined the superhero team the Avengers in \"\"The Avengers\"\" #4, and was kept at Avengers Mansion. It was destroyed by the supervillain Mr. Hyde during a raid on the mansion by Baron Zemo's Masters of", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 29 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9828704", "chunk_text": "\"Myron MacLain\"\niron alloy. While he may have created the indestructible metal the U.S. sought, due to not knowing the mysterious X-factor that allowed for the fusion of the materials, as well as not knowing the exact ingredients nor their proportions, it was impossible for MacLain to duplicate the process. The metal he did manage to create was poured into disc form to serve as a tank hatch. However, the inability to reproduce more of the metal caused the disc to be redesigned to serve as the shield for Captain America (and with it, he became an effective weapon for the U.S.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 30 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17058631", "chunk_text": "\"Captain America's shield\"\nis stored in a trophy room belonging to the alien \"\"Horde\"\" invaders. Captain America's shield is a recurring image throughout the Marvel Cinematic Universe franchise: Captain America's shield Captain America's shield is a fictional item appearing in American comic books published by Marvel Comics. It is the primary defensive and offensive piece of equipment used by the Marvel Comics superhero Captain America; he is seldom seen without it. Over the years, Captain America has had the use of several different shields of varying composition and design. His original heater shield first appeared in \"\"Captain America Comics\"\" #1 (March 1941), published", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 31 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12196051", "chunk_text": "Vibranium\nelements, the properties of this Vibranium brand mimicked natural Vibranium but had the tendency to degrade into Antarctic Vibranium unless tempered through use of Microwave bombardment, and even then that was only a temporary solution. The second is a particularly dangerous artificial brand created at Horizon Labs by Professor Sajani Jaffrey called Reverbium. Unlike standard Vibranium this faux material rapidly amplifies and projects sound and vibratory energy in pulse waves which would only strengthen over time before violently detonating. Max Modell, head scientist of Horizon at the time, ordered its immediate dissolution given how dangerous it was but Sajani held", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 32 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17058609", "chunk_text": "\"Captain America's shield\"\nCaptain America's shield Captain America's shield is a fictional item appearing in American comic books published by Marvel Comics. It is the primary defensive and offensive piece of equipment used by the Marvel Comics superhero Captain America; he is seldom seen without it. Over the years, Captain America has had the use of several different shields of varying composition and design. His original heater shield first appeared in \"\"Captain America Comics\"\" #1 (March 1941), published by Marvel's 1940s predecessor, Timely Comics. The circular shield best associated with the character debuted in the next issue, \"\"Captain America Comics\"\" #2. Captain America", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 33 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5445091", "chunk_text": "\"Captain America\"\nSkull as a counter-intelligence agent. He is supplied with a patriotic uniform of his own design, a bulletproof shield, a personal side arm, and the codename Captain America, while posing as a clumsy infantry private at Camp Lehigh in Virginia. He forms a friendship with the camp's teenage mascot, James Buchanan \"\"Bucky\"\" Barnes. Barnes learns of Rogers' dual identity and offers to keep the secret if he can become Captain America's sidekick. During their adventures, Franklin D. Roosevelt presents Captain America with a new shield, forged from an alloy of steel and vibranium, fused by an unknown catalyst, so effective", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 34 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9451108", "chunk_text": "\"Captain America: The First Avenger\"\nTimes Square on April 23, 2011. The film features nearly 1,600 visual effects shots, which were split between thirteen different companies. To achieve the appearance of the skinny, pre-serum Steve Rogers, director Joe Johnston stated that he used two major techniques: Captain America's shield, which serves as both a defensive tool and a weapon, came in four types: metal, fiberglass, rubber, and computer graphics (CG). Prop master Barry Gibbs specified that \"\"We had the 'hero shield,' which was made of aluminum, for our beauty shots [and] close-up work. We then created a lighter shield that was aluminum-faced with a fiberglass", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 35 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4493576", "chunk_text": "\"Captain America's shield\"\nSuperman is given the shield by Captain America to wield in battle in the final confrontation with Krona, and is impressed with its might. When he asks where he could get one just like it while battling foes, Thor replies, \"\"Enjoy it while thou canst, Superman. There is none other like it in \"\"all\"\" the worlds\"\". Throughout the final battle, the shield changes forms between the pointed shield and the circular shield due to various temporal ripples caused by Krona's equipment, and Superman even loses the shield altogether at one point when he morphs into his energy form while Cap", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 36 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19226593", "chunk_text": "\"Captain America: The First Avenger\"\nback, for use on a daily basis. ... And then we had a stunt shield made of polyurethane, which is sort of a synthetic rubber ... and we made an ultrasoft one we put on [Evans'] back, so that if there were an accident, it wouldn't hurt him.\"\" Visual effects supervisor Christopher Townsend said Evans \"\"would practice swinging the practical shield so he knew the arc and the speed at which he should move. We would take the shield from him and shoot the scene with him miming it. Then we would add in a CG shield\"\". Hugo Weaving, who", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 37 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1886549", "chunk_text": "Vibranium\nof the White Gorilla Tribe. Both give superhuman abilities to whoever eats them. It is also believed to dramatically enhance mystical energies. Better known as Anti-Metal, this isotope is native to the Savage Land. The variation produces vibrations of a specific wavelength that break down the molecular bonds in other metals, causing them to liquefy. It was first discovered by the famous explorer named Robert Plunder; the father of Kevin and Parnival Plunder during his initial jaunt in the primordial environment untouched to time. His more villainous son, who went on to become The Plunderer, would seek to find his", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 38 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "909469", "chunk_text": "\"Captain America\"\na time using an energy based shield as a temporary replacement. Following Waid's run, Dan Jurgens took over and introduced new foe Protocide, a failed recipient of the Super Soldier serum prior to the experiment that successfully created Rogers. Some time after this, Rogers' original shield was retrieved, but subtle damage sustained during the battle with the Beyonder resulted in it being shattered and a 'vibranium cancer' being triggered that would destroy all vibranium in the world, with Rogers nearly being forced to destroy the shield before a confrontation with the villain Klaw saw Klaw's attacks unwittingly repair the shield's", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 39 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9828707", "chunk_text": "\"Myron MacLain\"\nwhat might happen if it should ever fall into the wrong hands. His fears proved correct when Ultron forced the Vision to steal a cylinder of adamantium to use in the reconstruction of his body, Ultron-6. Later, after MacLain retired from S.H.I.E.L.D. and had hidden away from the world, he was captured by Mr. Arons of Stane International and was forced to recreate the metal in Captain America's shield. Arons intended the metal to be constructed into a suit of armor to be used by Obadiah Stane. To aid MacLain in his work, Arons obtained Captain America's shield with the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 40 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9828711", "chunk_text": "\"Myron MacLain\"\nit is nearly as durable and most known for being the metal bonded to Wolverine's skeleton. The type of adamantium MacLain invented was \"\"true adamantium\"\" and his creation of it also led to his creation of Alkhema's body. In actuality, the experimental iron alloy that was used in Captain America's shield is now referred to as \"\"proto-adamantium\"\", which slightly different from true adamantium in that it's stronger than the latter. Dr. MacLain's experiments with proto-adamantium lead to the creation of true adamantium. This proto-adamantium was incorporated with the vibranium in the shield. Also, while adamantium has no vibranium in it,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 41 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4493575", "chunk_text": "\"Captain America's shield\"\nduring the \"\"Fear Itself\"\" event- Bucky really going underground after his past as the Winter Soldier was exposed-, which also resulted in the shield being broken and reassembled by Asgardian blacksmiths, who add some of the mystical metal Uru to the reconstructed shield, making it even stronger than before, although it is left with a noticeable scar that Rogers decided to keep to give the shield character. This premise was not observed in subsequent storylines, or considered canon, as artists have not continued depicting the shield with the scar. In the 2003-2004 Marvel Comics/DC Comics inter-company crossover limited series \"\"JLA/Avengers\"\",", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 42 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2036969", "chunk_text": "\"Bucky (Marvel Comics)\"\nbecome useless. The use of Barnes' EMP is shown when Barnes uses it to shut down a Nick Fury LMD and when he attempts to use it on Iron Man. The arm has a holographic function to disguise it as a flesh and blood arm. As Captain America, he possesses the original, indestructible, vibranium alloy shield used by his predecessor, as well as a Kevlar/Nomex blend, shock-absorbing costume. He often carries several conventional weapons such as knives, guns - mostly a Colt 1911-A1 .45 and a P08 Luger - and grenades. Fred Davis Jr., created by Steve Englehart and Sal", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 43 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19445673", "chunk_text": "Adamantium\nAdamantium Adamantium is a fictional metal alloy appearing in American comic books published by Marvel Comics. It is best known as the substance bonded to the character Wolverine's skeleton and claws. Adamantium was created by writer Roy Thomas and artists Barry Windsor-Smith and Syd Shores in Marvel Comics' \"\"Avengers\"\" #66 (July 1969), which presents the substance as part of the character Ultron's outer shell. In the stories where it appears, the defining quality of adamantium is its practical indestructibility. The word is a pseudo-Latin neologism (real Latin: \"\"adamans\"\", \"\"adamantem\"\" [accusative]) based on the English noun and adjective \"\"adamant\"\" (and the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 44 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11902667", "chunk_text": "\"Captain America: The Captain\"\nthat he was caught in the middle of Stark's personal Armor Wars. After being knocked out by Iron Man while trying to stop him from attacking the Guardmen at the Vault, Rogers confronts Stark and return the adamantium shield. However, the Black Panther gives Rogers a black-striped shield composed of pure vibranium. Later, Diamondback helps Rogers, Falcon, Vagabond, Demolition Man, and Nomad stops the Serpent Society. Meanwhile, the Nazi discovers Walker's identity and murdered his parents causing Walker to flew into a rage and exacted a terrible revenge. His recklessness and his refusal to obey orders were too much for", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 45 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10107431", "chunk_text": "\"Steve Rogers (Marvel Cinematic Universe)\"\nHydra bases. Stark outfits Rogers with advanced equipment, most notably a circular shield made of vibranium, a rare, nearly indestructible metal. The team later captures Hydra member Dr. Arnim Zola on a train, but Barnes falls from the train. Using information extracted from Zola, Rogers leads an attack on the final Hydra stronghold to stop Schmidt from using weapons of mass destruction on major American cities. Rogers climbs aboard Schmidt's aircraft as it takes off, and during the subsequent fight the Tesseract's container is damaged. Schmidt physically handles the Tesseract, causing him to dissolve in a bright light. The Tesseract", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 46 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4493582", "chunk_text": "\"Captain America's shield\"\nit in half with his bare hands. After the battle, the shield is repaired by Asgardian dwarves and Tony Stark with added Asgardian uru-infused enhancements and Stark's own technology to make it stronger, though a scar is left, and the dwarves are unable to repair it. Stark offers a solution to the scar, but Rogers declines, saying that it \"\"gave the old girl a little bit of character\"\". This premise was not observed in subsequent storylines, or considered canon, as artists have not continued depicting the shield with the scar. In issue #7 of the Marvel series \"\"\"\" the shield", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 47 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10981196", "chunk_text": "\"Captain America's shield\"\nHydra sleeper agent, Rogers uses his precise knowledge of the shield to put Sam Wilson, its current wielder, in a position where he will fail to save a senator from Flag-Smasher by arranging for Wilson to be forced to throw the shield in a manner that Rogers knows from his own experience will miss its target by mere millimetres, as part of his agenda to undermine Sam's status as Captain America. In his debut, Captain America (secretly U.S. Army Private Steve Rogers) is equipped with a heater style shield made from steel. After complaints by rival comic-book publisher MLJ that", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 48 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9828706", "chunk_text": "\"Myron MacLain\"\nCreed. After many years and with funding from the government agency Control, MacLain still could not replicate the ultra-resilient vibranium-iron alloy. However, once he began working for S.H.I.E.L.D., while attempting to re-create the metal without vibranium or the X-factor, he was able to create a metal nearly as strong. He dubbed the new metal \"\"adamantium.\"\" After its creation, the Avengers came to S.H.I.E.L.D. and Thor, Iron Man, and Goliath all attempted to break it, with no success. That was when MacLain revealed only a molecular re-arranger could reshape adamantium, but while he was proud of his new creation he feared", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 49 } ]
test_3425	when did radio shack change to the source?	n/a	[ "April 26, 2005", "2005" ]	[]	n/a	n/a	n/a	[]	[ { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14658003", "chunk_text": "\"The Source (retailer)\"\nThe Source (retailer) The Source (Bell) Electronics Inc., doing business as The Source (), is a Canadian consumer electronics and cell phone retail chain. The chain goes back over 40 years in Canada, initially as Radio Shack and later as The Source by Circuit City. The Source is now owned by BCE Inc., which purchased the assets of InterTAN from its parent, American retailer Circuit City, in 2009. The Source is a unit of 4458729 Canada Inc. and is based in Barrie, Ontario. The Source began as the Canadian branch of Radio Shack (later \"\"RadioShack\"\"). The chain was originally owned", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 0 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14658004", "chunk_text": "\"The Source (retailer)\"\nby Radio Shack's American parent company Tandy Corporation, but was spun off in June 1986, along with the rest of Tandy's international operations, as InterTAN. A licensing agreement with what became RadioShack Corporation allowed InterTAN to continue to use the chain's name and logo. InterTAN abandoned its non-profitable West German stores in 1987, left Belgium and France in 1993, sold its British stores to Carphone Warehouse in 1999 and sold its Australian stores to Woolworth subsidiary Dick Smith Electronics in 2002, leaving just the Canadian Radio Shack, Battery Plus and Rogers Plus stores. In May 2004, InterTAN was acquired by", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 1 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14658009", "chunk_text": "\"The Source (retailer)\"\nwell as a large selection of headphones including the Monster and Skullcandy headphone line-up. The Source also carries house brand products, under brands such as Nexxtech, Headrush, Kapsule (Previously known as GnarlyFish), Fluid and Xtreme Gaming. The Source (retailer) The Source (Bell) Electronics Inc., doing business as The Source (), is a Canadian consumer electronics and cell phone retail chain. The chain goes back over 40 years in Canada, initially as Radio Shack and later as The Source by Circuit City. The Source is now owned by BCE Inc., which purchased the assets of InterTAN from its parent, American retailer", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 2 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8542418", "chunk_text": "RadioShack\nwere rebranded under the name The Source by Circuit City. Radio Shack briefly re-entered the Canadian market, but eventually closed all stores to refocus attention on its core U.S. business. In March 2012, Malaysian company Berjaya Retail Berhad, entered into a franchising agreement with Radio Shack. This had grown to a thousand stores franchised abroad at the time of the chain's first bankruptcy filing in 2015. Later that year, the company announced a second franchising deal with Chinese company, Cybermart. Berjaya had six stores in Malaysia before it quietly ceased operations in 2017. In 1986, Grupo Gigante signed a deal", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 3 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17537818", "chunk_text": "\"The Source (online service)\"\nThe Source (online service) The Source (Source Telecomputing Corporation) was an early online service, one of the first such services to be oriented toward and available to the general public. The Source described itself as follows: The Source was in operation from 1979 to 1989, when it was purchased by rival CompuServe and discontinued sometime thereafter. The Source's headquarters were located at 1616 Anderson Road, McLean, Virginia 22102. The Source was founded in 1978 as Digital Broadcasting Corporation by Bill von Meister, with support from Jack R. Taub, a businessman who had been very successful publishing the Scott catalogue of", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 4 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17265822", "chunk_text": "\"The Source (online service)\"\ntext-based for most of its existence. The Source (online service) The Source (Source Telecomputing Corporation) was an early online service, one of the first such services to be oriented toward and available to the general public. The Source described itself as follows: The Source was in operation from 1979 to 1989, when it was purchased by rival CompuServe and discontinued sometime thereafter. The Source's headquarters were located at 1616 Anderson Road, McLean, Virginia 22102. The Source was founded in 1978 as Digital Broadcasting Corporation by Bill von Meister, with support from Jack R. Taub, a businessman who had been very", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 5 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7553860", "chunk_text": "RadioShack\nproprietary 8-bit computers to its proprietary IBM PC compatible Tandy computers, removing the \"\"Radio Shack\"\" name from the product in an attempt to shake off the long-running nicknames \"\"Radio Scrap\"\" and \"\"Trash 80\"\" to make the product appeal to business users. Poor compatibility, shrinking margins and a lack of economies of scale led Radio Shack to exit the computer-manufacturing market in the 1990s after losing much of the desktop PC market to newer, price-competitive rivals like Dell. Tandy acquired the Computer City chain in 1991, and sold the stores to CompUSA in 1998. In 1994, RadioShack began selling IBM's Aptiva", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 6 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7553858", "chunk_text": "RadioShack\nHong Kong and the Philippines. The Flavoradio carried the Realistic name until about 1998 when it switched to \"\"Radio Shack\"\" then finally \"\"Optimus\"\". When the Flavoradio was dropped from the catalog in 2001, it was the last AM-only radio on the market. The chain profited from the mass popularity of citizens band radio in the mid-1970s which, at its peak, represented nearly 30% of the chain's revenue. In 1977, two years after the MITS Altair 8800, Radio Shack introduced the TRS-80, one of the first mass-produced personal computers. This was a complete pre-assembled system at a time when many microcomputers", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 7 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14658005", "chunk_text": "\"The Source (retailer)\"\nCircuit City. One week after the acquisition was completed, RadioShack Corporation filed a lawsuit in the 352nd Judicial District Court in Tarrant County, Texas to end the licensing agreement. RadioShack Corporation claimed that InterTAN had breached the terms of their agreement. On March 24, 2005, the district court judge ruled in favour of RadioShack and cancelled the agreement. The ruling prohibited InterTAN from using the brand name on its stores or in any of its products, packaging, and advertising after June 30, 2005. On April 26, 2005, Circuit City announced that the stores would be renamed \"\"The Source by Circuit", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 8 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15713977", "chunk_text": "RadioShack\nas it entered the high fidelity music market. In 1954, Radio Shack began selling its own private-label products under the brand name \"\"Realist\"\", changing the brand name to \"\"Realistic\"\" after being sued by Stereo Realist. After expanding to nine stores plus an extensive mail-order business, the company fell on hard times in the 1960s. Radio Shack was essentially bankrupt, but Charles D. Tandy saw the potential of Radio Shack and retail consumer electronics and bought the company for US$300,000. The Tandy Corporation, a leather goods corporation, was looking for other hobbyist-related businesses into which it could expand. At the time", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 9 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7553856", "chunk_text": "RadioShack\nCommission to allocate frequencies for the Family Radio Service, a short-range walkie-talkie system that proved popular. From the 1960s until the early 1990s, Radio Shack promoted a \"\"battery of the month\"\" club; a free wallet-sized cardboard card offered one free Enercell a month in-store. Like the free tube testing offered in-store in the early 1970s, this small loss leader drew foot traffic. The cards also served as generic business cards for the salespeople. In 1970, Tandy Corporation bought Allied Radio Corporation (both retail and industrial divisions), merging the brands into Allied Radio Shack and closing duplicate locations. After a 1973", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 10 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7759732", "chunk_text": "\"Radio shack\"\nRadio shack A radio shack is a room or structure used for housing radio equipment. During radio's early days, equipment was experimental and often home-built. The first radio transmitters used a loud spark gap to generate radio waves, and so were often housed in a separate outbuilding or shed. When radio was first adopted by the U.S. Navy, a small, wooden structure placed on deck to house the ship's radio equipment became known as the \"\"radio shack\"\". Today, a radio shack can be anywhere that radio equipment is housed and operated, usually a room such as with amateur radio stations,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 11 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14658007", "chunk_text": "\"The Source (retailer)\"\nbankruptcy. Circuit City announced on January 16, 2009, that its namesake U.S. stores would be liquidated. The Source was not affected by the announcement, and a process followed to sell the Canadian operations as a going concern. On March 2, 2009, Canadian telecommunications firm Bell Canada announced it would acquire The Source and continue to operate it as an independent division. The acquisition was completed July 1 for the final purchase price of $135 million US, following which the chain removed the \"\"by Circuit City\"\" from its name. Prior to January 2010, the stores sold mobile phone services from Bell's", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 12 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6262526", "chunk_text": "\"Tandy Corporation\"\nwere branded as RadioShack, however, because Circuit City lost the naming rights. Later, all of these RadioShacks were re-branded as \"\"The Source by Circuit City\"\" (now called just The Source). Some of these stores have since closed. In 2009, Circuit City sold The Source to Bell Canada Enterprises (BCE). In 2012, Tandy Corporation Ltd, a UK company, acquired the UK rights to the Tandy brand from RadioShack. It now operates as an on-line retailer of electronic components and kits at tandyonline.com. In 1975, Tandy spun off Color Tile, a chain of tile and flooring stores, along with its other non-electronic", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 13 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7553852", "chunk_text": "RadioShack\nEquipment Corporation, GRiD, Olivetti, AST Computer, Panasonic, and others. The company manufactured everything from store fixtures to computer software to wire and cable, TV antennas, audio and video tape. At one point, Radio Shack was the world's largest electronics chain. In June 1991, Tandy closed or restructured its 200 Radio Shack Computer Centers, acquired Computer City, and attempted to shift its emphasis away from components and cables, toward mainstream consumer electronics. Tandy sold its computer manufacturing to AST Research in 1993, including the laptop computer Grid Systems Corporation which it had purchased in 1988. It sold the Memorex consumer recording", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 14 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7553855", "chunk_text": "RadioShack\ncompany already had over one million parts in its extensive parts warehouses and 128 service centers throughout the US and Canada; it hoped to leverage these to build customer relationships and increase store traffic. Len Roberts, president of the Radio Shack division since 1993, estimated that the new repair business could generate $500 million per year by 1999. \"\"America's technology store\"\" was abandoned for the \"\"you've got questions, we've got answers\"\" slogan in 1994. In early summer 1995, the company changed its logo; \"\"Radio Shack\"\" was spelled in CamelCase as \"\"RadioShack\"\". In 1996, RadioShack successfully petitioned the US Federal Communications", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 15 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17265817", "chunk_text": "\"The Source (online service)\"\nPresident of The Source and remained in that role for three years and then decided to return full-time to Dialcom. Having secured publishing rights and put in place the necessary software, the system was announced at Comdex in June 1979. At a launch in New York the following month, Isaac Asimov declared it to be \"\"the start of the information age.\"\" Prices were initially $100 for a subscription, then $2.75 per hour off-peak. However, the project had already run up large debts, and soon began running out of money. Taub sold an 80% controlling stake to The Reader's Digest Association", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 16 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15713970", "chunk_text": "RadioShack\nthe United States while other companies own the brand in the rest of the world since 2015. Mexico-based Grupo Gigante, through it subsidiary RadioShack de México, owns the RadioShack brand within Mexico. El Salvador-based Unicomer Group owns the RadioShack brand within Central America, South America, and the Caribbean. Egypt-based Delta RS for Trading owns the RadioShack brand within North Africa and the Middle East. All four companies are legally separate and unrelated. The company was started as \"\"Radio Shack\"\" in 1921 by two brothers, Theodore and Milton Deutschmann, who wanted to provide equipment for the then-nascent field of amateur, or", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 17 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14658006", "chunk_text": "\"The Source (retailer)\"\nCity\"\" (\"\"La Source par Circuit City\"\" in Quebec). The rebranding process was completed in the majority of the chain's Canadian stores by July 1, 2005. The chain also introduced new house brands, including Nexxtech and Centrios, in place of RadioShack store brands. In February 2007, The Source announced it would close down 62 low volume stores across Canada. On March 30, 2007, Circuit City announced to its shareholders that it was seeking options including selling off the InterTAN/The Source subsidiary to cut losses. On November 10, 2008, InterTAN sought protection from its creditors, after Circuit City filed for Chapter 11", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 18 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1343100", "chunk_text": "\"Allied Electronics\"\nThe company distributed radio sets, tubes, capacitors, amateur radio equipment, citizens band radios, communications equipment, electronic kits and consumer audio systems through retail and mail order. In 1970, the Tandy Corporation, Radio Shack’s parent company, purchased Allied Radio, the consumer division, along with Allied Electronics, the industrial division. Over the years, Allied Radio was folded into Radio Shack and Allied Electronics focused on distribution of electronic components to electronics engineers. After multiple owners between 1967 and 1993, Allied was purchased by Electrocomponents in 1999. Today, Allied Electronics is the North American distributor for Electrocomponents selling more than three million parts", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 19 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7759733", "chunk_text": "\"Radio shack\"\nbut for some the entire \"\"shack\"\" may consist of a hand-held radio or two while others may operate mobile equipment in a vehicle. In amateur radio use, the room housing the equipment is often called a \"\"ham shack\"\". Radio shack A radio shack is a room or structure used for housing radio equipment. During radio's early days, equipment was experimental and often home-built. The first radio transmitters used a loud spark gap to generate radio waves, and so were often housed in a separate outbuilding or shed. When radio was first adopted by the U.S. Navy, a small, wooden structure", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 20 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8542419", "chunk_text": "RadioShack\nwith Tandy Corporation to operate Radio Shack branded stores in Mexico. After growing their electronics chain within Mexico to 24 stores, Grupo Gigante signed a new deal with Tandy in 1992 to form a new joint ventured called Radio Shack de México in which both companies had an equal share. As part of the deal, Grupo Gigante transferred their electronics stores to Radio Shack de México. In 2008, Grupo Gigante separated from Radio Shack, (then renamed Radio Shack Corporation) and sold its share of the joint venture to Radio Shack Corp. for $42.3 million. In June 2015, Grupo Gigante repurchased", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 21 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7553867", "chunk_text": "RadioShack\nindividual RadioShack stores, but there was no communicated relationship to RadioShack itself. Had the test proved successful, RadioShack could have moved to convert existing RadioShack locations into PointMobl stores in certain markets. While some PointMobl products, such as car power adapters and phone cases, were (and still are) carried as store-brand products in RadioShack stores, the stand-alone PointMobl stores were closed and the concept abandoned in March 2011. In August 2009, RadioShack rebranded itself as \"\"The Shack\"\". The campaign increased sales of mobile products, but at the expense of its core components business. RadioShack aggressively promoted Dish Network subscriptions. In", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 22 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5627255", "chunk_text": "TRS-80\ndid not sell. Having spent less than on development, Radio Shack announced the TRS-80 (Tandy Radio Shack) at a New York City press conference on August 3, 1977. It cost ($ today), or ($ today) with a 12\"\" monitor and a Radio Shack tape recorder as datacassette storage; the most expensive product Radio Shack previously sold was a stereo. The company hoped that the new computer would help Radio Shack sell higher-priced products, and improve its \"\"schlocky\"\" image among customers. Small businesses were the primary target market, followed by educators, then consumers and hobbyists; despite its hobbyist customer base, Radio", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 23 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17265816", "chunk_text": "\"The Source (online service)\"\npostage stamps. Initially the idea was to transmit email using an unused subcarrier piggy-backed onto FM radio signals. Instead, the two hit on the idea of an \"\"information utility,\"\" using cheap overnight excess capacity in minicomputers and data networks to make online information available to dial-up subscribers. Dialcom Inc., located in Silver Spring, MD was the backbone of The Source and supplied all of the networking, computing power and software development until the sale of The Source to The Reader's Digest Association. Robert Ryan was the President and CEO of Dialcom for fifteen years and concurrently served as the founding", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 24 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15714049", "chunk_text": "RadioShack\nvisits made by the character Sheldon Cooper in its parent series, \"\"The Big Bang Theory\"\". RadioShack appears in the second season of the Netflix series \"\"Stranger Things\"\" as the workplace of Bob Newby. RadioShack RadioShack, formerly RadioShack Corporation, is the trade name of an American retailer founded in 1921. Since 2017, General Wireless Operations, Inc. has leased the name from Kensington Capital Holdings and operates primarily as an e-commerce website, a network of approximately 425 independently owned authorized dealer stores, and as a supplier of parts for HobbyTown. All stores are located in the United States. At its peak in", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 25 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8542362", "chunk_text": "RadioShack\nwho carried the products as a sideline. Charles D. Tandy, who had guided the firm through a period of growth in the 1960s and 1970s, died of a heart attack at age 60 in November 1978. In 1982, the breakup of the Bell System encouraged subscribers to own their own telephones instead of renting them from local phone companies; Radio Shack offered twenty models of home phones. Much of the Radio Shack line was manufactured in the company's own factories. By 1990/1991, Tandy was the world's biggest manufacturer of personal computers; its OEM manufacturing capacity was building hardware for Digital", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 26 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4676846", "chunk_text": "InterTAN\nInterTAN InterTAN was created by Tandy Corporation in 1986 to operate Radio Shack stores in Canada, Europe and Australia. After the UK locations were sold to Carphone Warehouse in 1999 and the Australian locations to Woolworths Limited in 2001 the company's primary asset was the RadioShack franchise for Canada. InterTAN's relationship with RadioShack was terminated in 2005, after InterTAN became a wholly owned subsidiary of Circuit City on May 19, 2004. InterTAN Canada Ltd. was a Canadian consumer electronics retailer based in Barrie, Ontario, Canada that operated stores under the banner \"\"The Source by Circuit City\"\" and a single \"\"THS", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 27 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13715032", "chunk_text": "\"Circuit City\"\nDesigns was acquired by Circuit City in 1987. The company was in charge of designing product displays and other electronic services for Circuit City. Patapsco Designs was founded in 1977 and is based in Frederick, Maryland and in November 2004 was acquired by American Computer Development Inc. Patapsco Designs, Inc. filed a voluntary petition for reorganization under Chapter 11 Bankruptcy in joint administration with Circuit City Stores, Inc. in November 2008. In 2004, RadioShack sued InterTAN to prematurely terminate its role as reseller for the Radio Shack line in Canada; the stores rebranded as \"\"The Source by Circuit City\"\". In", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 28 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7553857", "chunk_text": "RadioShack\nfederal government review, the company sold off the few remaining Allied retail stores and resumed using the Radio Shack name. Allied Electronics, the firm's industrial component operation, continued as a Tandy division until it was sold to Spartan Manufacturing in 1981. The longest-running product for Radio Shack was the AM-only Realistic Flavoradio, sold from 1972 to 1986, 15 years in the same design. This also made the Flavoradio the longest production run in radio history. Originally released in 6 colors or flavors, strawberry, orange, lemon, avocado, blueberry and grape, the line grew to eleven flavors. They were made in Korea,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 29 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7553862", "chunk_text": "RadioShack\nWalmart. In May 2000, the company dropped the Tandy name altogether, becoming RadioShack Corporation. The leather operating assets were sold to The Leather Factory on November 30, 2000; that business remains profitable. House brands Realistic and Optimus were discontinued. In 1999, the company agreed to carry RCA products in a five-year agreement for a \"\"RCA Digital Entertainment Center\"\" store-within-a-store. When the RCA contract ended, RadioShack introduced its own Presidian and Accurian brands, reviving the Optimus brand in 2005 for some low-end products. Enercell, a house brand for dry cell batteries, remained in use until approximately 2014. Most of the RadioShack", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 30 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15713968", "chunk_text": "RadioShack\nRadioShack RadioShack, formerly RadioShack Corporation, is the trade name of an American retailer founded in 1921. Since 2017, General Wireless Operations, Inc. has leased the name from Kensington Capital Holdings and operates primarily as an e-commerce website, a network of approximately 425 independently owned authorized dealer stores, and as a supplier of parts for HobbyTown. All stores are located in the United States. At its peak in 1999, it operated stores in the United States, Mexico, United Kingdom, Australia, and Canada. On February 5, 2015, the company filed for Chapter 11 protection under United States bankruptcy law after 11 consecutive", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 31 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8542417", "chunk_text": "RadioShack\ncreation of Intertan, Tandy Electronics operated 873 stores in Canada, and owned the rights to the RadioShack name. In 2004, Circuit City, a competitor of Radio Shack purchased Intertan, which held the rights to use the RadioShack name in Canada until 2010. Radio Shack Corp., which operated Radio Shack stores in the U.S., sued Intertan in an attempt to end the contract for the company name early. On March 24, 2005, a U.S. district court judge ruled in favour of RadioShack, requiring InterTAN stop using the brand name in products, packaging or advertising by June 30, 2005. The Canadian stores", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 32 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4676852", "chunk_text": "InterTAN\ndeal by which InterTAN is banned from using the former moniker since July 1, 2005, and as such, all corporate retail consumer electronics stores, and most dealer stores, formerly known as \"\"RadioShack\"\" are known as \"\"The Source\"\". The matter was settled in late 2006; however, the details of the settlement were not made public. RadioShack made a token effort to re-enter the Canadian market in 2005 with nine stores, which it abandoned in January 2007. Remaining RadioShack-branded inventory began to appear in Liquidation World bins in Canada in 2007. InterTAN had entered into arrangements with Rogers Communications to run a", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 33 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8542408", "chunk_text": "RadioShack\nCommission and the Attorneys General of several states fought against this motion. The sale of this data was approved, albeit greatly reduced from what was initially proposed. Standard General acquired the RadioShack brand after RadioShack Corporation filed for bankruptcy in 2015. It formed the affiliate, General Wireless Operations, to act as the new parent company for the brand. This new RadioShack focused on its partnership with Sprint in the hopes of carrying on the brand. Re-branded stores soft launched on April 10, 2015, with a preliminary conversion of the stores' existing wireless departments to exclusively house Sprint brands, with all", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 34 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8243878", "chunk_text": "\"Realistic (brand)\"\nRealistic (brand) Realistic is a brand produced by RadioShack, a division of Tandy Corporation, to market audio and video products for home use. The brand name was phased out in the mid 1990s and discontinued in 2000, then returned briefly in 2016. The brand began in 1954 under the name \"\"realist\"\", but was subsequently changed due to a prior camera trademark, Stereo Realist. The company's most notable products under the Realistic brand included the extensive line of TRC series Citizens Band radio transceivers, which dominated the CB Radio market during the 1970s, and included the Navaho series of CB base", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 35 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12804090", "chunk_text": "WKAG-CA\nto WKAG-LP in 1994 (after the Federal Communications Commission (FCC) allowed low-power stations to use traditional call signs with an \"\"-LP\"\" suffix, instead of a translator-style call sign), and to WKAG-CA in 2002 (reflecting its Class A status). The \"\"New Era\"\" sold the station to Owen Broadcasting, controlled by station manager Eddie Owen, in mid-2004; in 2010, NewWave purchased the station from Owen and rebranded the station as \"\"Source16\"\", after the station's new cable slot (before the acquisition, WKAG was instead seen on cable channel 3). On August 5, 2011, at 3 p.m., Source16 employees were informed that the station", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 36 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12653654", "chunk_text": "KODL\nInc., on September 1, 1974. The new owners immediately restored the historic KODL call sign and began broadcasting a mix of rock and middle of the road music. In the late 1970s, KODL received permission from the FCC to increase its daytime signal strength to 5,000 watts while maintaining its 1,000 watt signal at night. By 1979, KODL would be playing a pure MOR format but in 1982, in the wake of \"\"Urban Cowboy\"\" and the sudden growth in country music, KODL switched to a country music format. From 1940 to 1999, KODL broadcast from a studio building and tower", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 37 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8542424", "chunk_text": "RadioShack\nas a result of RadioShack first bankruptcy filing. When Radio Shack filed for bankruptcy the first time in 2015, the Egypt-based Delta RS for Trading purchased the Radio Shack brand from the bankruptcy court for its exclusive use in Middle East and North Africa for $US5 million. Delta RS for Trading, as Radio Shack Egypt, had opened its first Radio Shack franchised store in 1998 in Nasr City. By March 2003, Radio Shack Egypt had 65 company-operated stores plus 15 sub-franchised stores. In 2017, the Egyptian government accused Radio Shack Egypt and its parent Delta RS in aiding the suspected", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 38 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8542421", "chunk_text": "RadioShack\nfor US$31.8 million, two months prior to the bankruptcy filing, but had only had to hand over US$11.8 million to RadioShack Corp. for also assuming approximately US$20 million in debt liabilities. While Radio Shack was facing a second bankruptcy in the United States, Grupo Gigante announced in October 2017 that they planned to expand the Radio Shack brand within Mexico by opening eight more stores. When Radio Shack Corporation filed for bankruptcy the first time in 2015, the Unicomer Group (Grupo Unicomer) purchased the Radio Shack brand from the bankruptcy court for its exclusive use in Central America, South America,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 39 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10228516", "chunk_text": "\"KCUB (AM)\"\nstation moved to 1290 kHz. In September 1953, the owners put Channel 4 KVOA-TV on the air, also an NBC affiliate. Believing that TV would replace radio, the owners kept the TV station and sold off the radio station in 1958. The new owner, Sherwood R. Gordon, renamed it KCUB but kept the affiliation with NBC. In 1968, the station was sold to Rex Broadcasting, airing a country music format. In 2001, KCUB was bought by Citadel Broadcasting, a forerunner of Cumulus, which switched it to its current sports format. KCUB (AM) KCUB (1290 kHz, \"\"The Source\"\") is a commercial", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 40 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7553847", "chunk_text": "RadioShack\nham radio. The brothers opened a one-store retail and mail-order operation in the heart of downtown Boston at 46 Brattle Street. They chose the name \"\"Radio Shack\"\", which was the term for a small, wooden structure that housed a ship's radio equipment. The Deutschmanns thought the name was appropriate for a store that would supply the needs of radio officers aboard ships, as well as \"\"hams\"\" (amateur radio operators). The term was already in use — and is to this day — by hams when referring to the location of their stations. The company issued its first catalog in 1939", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 41 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8107220", "chunk_text": "\"NBC Radio Network\"\nThird, GE had already divested their existing radio properties (including the aforementioned WJIB), deciding that the radio business, as well as RCA's, did not fit their strategic objectives. The remainder of RCA was divided and spun off to Bertelsmann and Thomson SA. Prior to 1986, operating NBC Radio was done almost out of tradition by RCA and was considered to be in the \"\"public good,\"\" an attitude that started to change with the advent of deregulation. On July 20, 1987, Westwood One acquired the NBC Radio Network programming assets, The Source and Talknet, in a $50 million deal. In 1989,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 42 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17537822", "chunk_text": "\"The Source (online service)\"\n$5 million in 1983 in return for stock options, and came in as an operating partner. As the microcomputer boom continued, subscriptions reached a peak of 80,000 members, but later fell back (compared to 500,000 at CompuServe by 1989). During much of its existence The Source charged a start-up fee of about US$100 and hourly usage rates on the order of $10 per hour. In 1984, the registration fee was $49.95, and The Source charged $20.75 per hour between 7:00 a.m. and 6:00 p.m. Monday through Friday, and $7.75 per hour on nights, weekends and holidays for 300-bits-per-second service. For", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 43 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15380149", "chunk_text": "\"WSTM (FM)\"\n12, 1998, becoming the second sister station to WJUB (1420) in its history on-air (from 1990-1995, WXER was run as a sister station from the WPLY-WJUB facility). On October 25, 2002 the station changed its call sign to the current WSTM. The merger between Evangel and The Family stations occurred in mid-2017; WJUB was considered surplus to the sale, and was sold to Galaxie Broadcasting, a company made up of Stuart Muck and longtime WJUB on-air programmer and personality Dave Hendrickson, who will continue to maintain the station's format as-is. In addition to the main station, WSTM is relayed by", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 44 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8542409", "chunk_text": "RadioShack\nstores eventually to be renovated in waves to allocate larger spaces for Sprint. In May 2015, the acquisition of the \"\"RadioShack\"\" name and its assets by General Wireless for US$26.2 million was finalized. Chief marketing officer Michael Tatelman emphasized that the company that emerged from the 2015 proceedings is an entirely new company, and went on to affirm that the old RadioShack did not re-emerge from bankruptcy, calling it \"\"defunct\"\". Less than one year after the bankruptcy events of 2015, Ron Garriques and Marty Amschler stepped down from their respective chief executive officer and chief financial officer positions; Garriques had", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 45 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "477654", "chunk_text": "WTCB\nthe station in late 2011. Beginning in 1993, B106 gradually went back toward a more upbeat Gold based AC format and updated its on-air moniker as B106.7. This format has remained in place ever since. From September 2002 until November 2007, WTCB was the flagship radio station for South Carolina Gamecocks football, taking over from longtime outlet WVOC. This distinction was removed when Citadel Broadcasting moved WNKT from Charleston to Columbia and made it the flagship of all sports, not just football. Citadel merged with Cumulus Media on September 16, 2011. On July 15, 2013 WTCB shifted their format to", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 46 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7553870", "chunk_text": "RadioShack\nthe growth of the maker movement. By 2011, smartphone sales, rather than general electronics, accounted for half of the chain's revenue. The traditional Radio Shack clientele of do-it-yourself tinkerers were increasingly sidelined. Electronic parts formerly stocked in stores were now mostly only available through on-line special order. Store employees concentrated efforts selling profitable mobile contracts, while other customers seeking assistance were neglected and left the stores in frustration. Demand for consumer electronics was also increasingly being weakened by consumers buying the items online. In early 2004, RadioShack introduced \"\"Fix 1500\"\", a sweeping program to \"\"correct\"\" inventory and profitability issues company-wide.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 47 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11590929", "chunk_text": "WFRQ\nhighest bidder John H. Garabedian. This returned Garabedian to broadcasting on the Cape, as he placed 96.3 WGTF (what is now WEII) on the air in the 1970s. John named the newly formed company CodComm, Inc. On July 17, 2012, an FCC construction permit was granted to move the 101.1 transmission facility from Mashpee to Barnstable at the tower of sister station WPXC. On August 17, 2012, changes began to take place under the guidance of new CodComm Station Manager and Vice-President, Steve \"\"McVie\"\" Solomon. The call sign on 93.5 was changed from WFQR to WHYA and after finishing the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 48 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16290324", "chunk_text": "WTCL\nStation WSBP\"\" on May 1, 1968. Roscoe Fleetwood served as company president and general manager. On November 11, 1975, the station changed hands again, this time to Soundway Broadcasting Company, headed by president and general manager Erwin O'Connor. Prior to the sale that year, the FCC approved the station's request to increase the station's daytime power to five thousand watts. The change became effective January 22, 1979. The call sign changed to WENO on 1980-01-29. on 1988-05-12, the station changed its call sign to the current WTCL. WTCL went silent on December 24, 2013 after the collapse of an LMA", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 49 } ]
test_3426	which state was returned to spain after the revolutionary war?	n/a	[ "Florida", "Menorca" ]	[]	n/a	n/a	n/a	[]	[ { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1654203", "chunk_text": "\"Spain and the American Revolutionary War\"\nMenorca surrendered the following year, and was restored to Spain after the war, nearly eighty years after it was first captured by the British. In 1780 and 1781, Luis de Córdova's fleet captured America-bound British convoys, doing much damage to British military supplies and commerce. In the Caribbean, the main effort was directed to prevent possible British landings in Cuba, remembering the British expedition against Cuba that seized Havana in the Seven Years' War. Other goals included the reconquest of Florida (which the British had divided into West Florida and East Florida in 1763), and the resolution of logging disputes", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 0 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15693019", "chunk_text": "\"Spain and the American Revolutionary War\"\npoor performance in the Seven Years' War had proved generally successful. As a result, Spain retained Menorca and West Florida in the Treaty of Paris and also regained East Florida. The lands east of the Mississippi, however, were recognized as part of the newly independent United States of America. The involvement of France was decisive in the British defeat. Spain's contribution was important too. By allying themselves with foreign monarchies, the United States took advantage of the power struggles within European imperialism and essentially formed a united front against Britain. The new nation was eager to spread republicanism, which could", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 1 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9220184", "chunk_text": "\"Treaty of Aranjuez (1779)\"\nGibraltar fell, as stipulated by the Treaty of Aranjuez but withdrew that requirement after the disastrous repulse of a combined French and Spanish assault in September 1782. Under the Peace of Paris, Britain returned Menorca and the Floridas, allowing Spain to claim success although the loss of Gibraltar remains an issue to this day, while in reality the Floridas were of little value. In the longer-term, concerns about an independent United States on New Spain's borders were justified, with constant encroachments by American settlers and disputes such as the West Florida Controversy. Spain's involvement in the 1792-1802 French Revolutionary Wars", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 2 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11176772", "chunk_text": "\"History of Spain\"\nand ended up having to cede Florida to the British at the Treaty of Paris (1763) while gaining Louisiana from France. Spain regained Florida with the Treaty of Paris (1783), which ended the American Revolutionary War (1775–83), and gained an improved international standing. However, there were no reforming impulses in the reign of Charles IV (1788 to abdication in 1808), seen by some as mentally handicapped. Dominated by his wife's lover, Manuel de Godoy, Charles IV embarked on policies that overturned much of Charles III's reforms. After briefly opposing Revolutionary France early in the French Revolutionary Wars, Spain was cajoled", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 3 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18677778", "chunk_text": "\"Colonial history of the United States\"\nexchange for control of Havana, Cuba, which had been captured by the British during the Seven Years' War. Florida was home to about 3,000 Spaniards at the time, and nearly all quickly left. Britain occupied Florida but did not send many settlers to the area, and control was restored to Spain in 1783 by the Peace of Paris which ended the American Revolutionary War. Spain sent no more settlers or missionaries to Florida during this second colonial period. The inhabitants of West Florida revolted against the Spanish in 1810 and formed the Republic of West Florida, which was quickly annexed", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 4 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7244221", "chunk_text": "\"Spanish American wars of independence\"\ncontrolled the isolated, rural parts of the country. In March 1814, following with the collapse of the First French Empire, Ferdinand VII was restored to the Spanish throne. This signified an important change, since most of the political and legal changes made on both sides of the Atlantic—the myriad of juntas, the Cortes in Spain and several of the congresses in the Americas, and many of the constitutions and new legal codes—had been made in his name. Before entering Spanish territory, Ferdinand made loose promises to the Cortes that he would uphold the Spanish Constitution. But once in Spain he", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 5 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9220185", "chunk_text": "\"Treaty of Aranjuez (1779)\"\nled to France repossessing Louisiana in 1800, which it later sold to the US in the Louisiana Purchase of 1803. The US acquired Florida in July 1821, ending Spain's presence in mainland North America. Treaty of Aranjuez (1779) The Treaty of Aranjuez (1779) was signed on 12 April 1779 by France and Spain. Under its terms, Spain agreed to support France in its war with Britain, in return for French assistance in recovering the former Spanish possessions of Menorca, Gibraltar and the Floridas. By declaring war on Great Britain on 21 June 1779, Spain became involved in the American Revolutionary", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 6 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13833477", "chunk_text": "\"American Revolutionary War\"\ndesire to support the Americans the following year, hoping to weaken Britain's empire. The Portuguese threat was neutralized in the Spanish–Portuguese War (1776–77). On 12 April 1779, Spain signed the Treaty of Aranjuez with France and went to war against Britain. Spain sought to recover Gibraltar and Menorca in Europe, as well as Mobile and Pensacola in Florida, and also to expel the British from Central America. Meanwhile, George III had given up on subduing America while Britain had a European war to fight. He did not welcome war with France, but he believed that Britain had made all necessary", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 7 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7398756", "chunk_text": "\"Spanish Florida\"\na result of the Anglo-Spanish War, but while Britain occupied the territory, it did not develop it further. Sparsely populated British Florida stayed loyal to the Crown during the American Revolutionary War, and by the terms of the Treaty of Paris which ended the war, the territory was returned to Spain in 1783. After a brief diplomatic border dispute with the fledgling United States, the countries set a territorial border and allowed Americans free navigation of the Mississippi River by the terms of Pinckney's Treaty in 1795. France sold Louisiana to the United States in 1803. The U.S. claimed that", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 8 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18366723", "chunk_text": "\"History of Hispanic and Latino Americans in the United States\"\nthrough the Peace of Paris (the Castillo de San Marcos surrendered for the first time, having never been taken militarily). Britain tried to develop Florida through the importation of immigrants for labor, including some from Menorca and Greece, but this project ultimately failed. Spain regained Florida in the Treaty of Versailles (1783) after helping defeat Britain in the American Revolutionary War. Finally, in 1819, by terms of the Adams–Onís Treaty, Spain ceded Florida to the United States in exchange for the American renunciation of any claims on Texas. On March 3, 1845, Florida became the 27th state of the United", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 9 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17597791", "chunk_text": "\"Spanish American wars of independence\"\nthe Bourbon dynasty in France in 1830 during the July Revolution eliminated the principal support of Ferdinand VII in Europe, but it was not until the king's death in 1833 that Spain finally abandoned all plans of military reconquest, and in 1836 its government went so far as to renounce sovereignty over all of continental America. During the course of the 19th century, Spain would recognize each of the new states. Only Cuba and Puerto Rico remained under Spanish rule, until the Spanish–American War in 1898. The nearly decade and a half of wars greatly weakened the Spanish American economies", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 10 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5246414", "chunk_text": "\"Florida Territory\"\ncontinually inhabited European settlement in the continental U.S., was founded on the northeast coast of Florida in 1565. Florida continued to remain a Spanish possession until the end of the Seven Years' War when Spain ceded it to the Kingdom of Great Britain in exchange for the release of Havana. In 1783, after the American Revolution, Great Britain ceded Florida back to Spain under the provisions of the Peace of Paris. The second term of Spanish rule was influenced by the nearby United States. There were border disputes along the boundary with the state of Georgia and issues of American", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 11 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6897860", "chunk_text": "\"Economic history of Spain\"\nEnlightenment philosophy (see \"\"Sociedad Económica de los Amigos del País\"\"). However, despite the development of a national bureaucracy in Madrid, the reform movement could not be sustained without the patronage of Charles III, and it did not survive him. Spain's American colonies took advantage of the postwar chaos to proclaim their independence. By 1825 only Cuba and Puerto Rico remained under the Spanish flag in the New World. When Ferdinand VII was restored to the throne in 1813 and expended wealth and manpower in a vain effort to reassert control over the colonies. The move was unpopular among liberal officers", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 12 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15693021", "chunk_text": "\"Spain and the American Revolutionary War\"\nconquests. The war gave a boost to the kingdom's prestige, which had suffered from the losses to Britain in the Seven Years' War. Even though Spain's single most coveted target, Gibraltar, remained out of its grasp, Spain had more than compensated by recovering Menorca and by reducing the British threat to its colonies in and around the Caribbean, all of which were seen as vital to Spanish interests. Spain was seen to have received tangible results out of the war, especially in contrast to its ally France. The French king had invested huge amounts of manpower, funds and material resources", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 13 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6040580", "chunk_text": "\"American Revolutionary War\"\nthe Northwest Indian War. Britain continued trying to create an Indian buffer state in the American Midwest as late as 1814 during the War of 1812. Britain negotiated separate treaties with Spain, France, and the Dutch Republic. Gibraltar proved to be a stumbling block in the peace talks; Spain offered to relinquish their conquests in West Florida, Menorca, and the Bahamas in exchange for Gibraltar, terms which Shelburne steadfastly refused. Shelburne instead offered to cede East Florida, West Florida, and Menorca if Spain would relinquish the claim on Gibraltar, terms which were reluctantly accepted. However, in the long-term, the new", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 14 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15692999", "chunk_text": "\"Spain and the American Revolutionary War\"\nSpain and the American Revolutionary War Spain's role in the independence of the United States was part of its dispute over colonial supremacy with the Kingdom of Great Britain. Spain declared war on Britain as an ally of France, itself an ally of the American colonies, and provided supplies and munitions to the American forces. Beginning in 1776, it jointly funded Roderigue Hortalez and Company, a trading company that provided critical military supplies. Spain also provided financing for the final Siege of Yorktown in 1781 with a collection of gold and silver in Havana, Cuba. Spain was allied with France", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 15 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4778211", "chunk_text": "\"Treaty of Aranjuez (1779)\"\nTreaty of Aranjuez (1779) The Treaty of Aranjuez (1779) was signed on 12 April 1779 by France and Spain. Under its terms, Spain agreed to support France in its war with Britain, in return for French assistance in recovering the former Spanish possessions of Menorca, Gibraltar and the Floridas. By declaring war on Great Britain on 21 June 1779, Spain became involved in the American Revolutionary War. The 1713 Treaty of Utrecht that ended the War of the Spanish Succession confirmed British possession of the Spanish island of Menorca and the port of Gibraltar, giving them naval dominance in the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 16 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11090821", "chunk_text": "\"Spain and the American Revolutionary War\"\nships from South America not being arrived — makes it improper for us to declare immediately.\"\" Meanwhile, Grimaldi reassured Lee, stores of clothing and powder were deposited at New Orleans and Havana for the Americans, and further shipments of blankets were being collected at Bilbao. By June 1779 the Spanish had finalized their preparations for war. The British cause seemed to be at a particularly low ebb. The Spanish joined France in the war, implementing the Treaty of Aranjuez signed in April 1779. The main goals of Spain were the recovery of Gibraltar and Menorca from the British, who had", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 17 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6040581", "chunk_text": "\"American Revolutionary War\"\nterritorial gains were of little value to Spain. France's only net gains were the island of Tobago in the Caribbean and Senegal in Africa, after agreeing to return all other colonial conquests to British sovereignty. Britain returned Dutch Caribbean territories to Dutch sovereignty, in exchange for free trade rights in the Dutch East Indies and control of the Indian port of Negapatnam. Preliminary peace articles were signed in Paris on 30 November 1782, while preliminaries between Britain, Spain, France, and the Netherlands continued until September 1783. The United States Congress of the Confederation ratified the Treaty of Paris on January", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 18 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4778213", "chunk_text": "\"Treaty of Aranjuez (1779)\"\nthe First Continental Congress in 1774. When the American Revolutionary War began in 1776, the British blockade of New England meant Spanish ports such as New Orleans and Havana became a vital supply route for the colonists. This support was provided unofficially since Spain's Chief Minister, Count Floridablanca, hoped diplomacy would persuade Britain to return Menorca, Gibraltar and the Floridas and remove illegal settlements in Central America. Peace with Britain was viewed as essential for his domestic reforms, while Spanish colonies in the Americas or New Spain were vulnerable to British naval power. This concern was heightened by border disputes", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 19 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5541361", "chunk_text": "\"Diplomacy in the American Revolutionary War\"\nto aid in the capture of Gibraltar, Florida, and the island of Menorca. On 21 June 1779, Spain declared war on England. Spain's economy depended almost entirely on its colonial empire in the Americas, and they were worried about the United States' territorial expansion. With such considerations in mind, Spain persistently rebuffed John Jay's attempts to establish diplomatic relations. They were the last participant of the American Revolutionary War to acknowledge the independence of the United States, on 3 February 1783. Ragusa (present-day Dubrovnik, Croatia), a major city with historical and cultural ties to Italy on the Adriatic Sea, was", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 20 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15405562", "chunk_text": "\"Spanish Empire\"\nindependence, making it the only territory that Spain retook. After 1865, only Cuba and Puerto Rico and the Philippines, Guam and nearby Pacific islands remained under Spanish control in the Indies. The Cuban war for independence was cut short by U.S. intervention in what became known as the Spanish–American War in 1898. Spain also lost Puerto Rico and the Philippines in that conflict. The following year, Spain then sold its remaining Pacific Ocean possessions to Germany, retaining only its African territories. Spain in the post-Napoleonic era was in political crisis, with the French invasion and restoration of the Spanish monarchy", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 21 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19829304", "chunk_text": "\"Spanish American wars of independence\"\nbecame the undisputed leader of the patriots in Venezuela and orchestrated the union of the two regions in a new state called Colombia (Gran Colombia). To counter the advances the pro-independence forces had made in South America, Spain prepared a second, large, expeditionary force in 1819. This force, however, never left Spain. Instead, it became the means by which liberals were finally able to reinstate a constitutional regime. On January 1, 1820, Rafael Riego, commander of the Asturias Battalion, headed a rebellion among the troops, demanding the return of the 1812 Constitution. His troops marched through the cities of Andalusia", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 22 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9324699", "chunk_text": "\"Cortes of Cádiz\"\nconsidered too liberal by the conservative elements in the colonies only precipitated their decision to join the effort for independence from Spain. When Ferdinand was restored to the throne in Madrid, he expended wealth and manpower in a vain effort to reassert control over the colonies. The move was unpopular among liberal officers assigned to the American wars. By the second half of 1826 only Cuba and Puerto Rico remained under the Spanish flag in the New World. Cortes of Cádiz The Cádiz Cortes was the first national assembly to claim sovereignty in Spain. It represented the abolition of the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 23 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2353507", "chunk_text": "\"Isleño\"\nthe American Revolutionary War and the Battle of the Alamo. After the incorporation of Louisiana and Texas into the United States, they fought in the Civil War and both World Wars. The Isleños have been able to preserve some features of their culture except in Florida, where they had made improvements in its agriculture, but most of the Canarian settlers emigrated to Cuba when Florida was ceded to Great Britain in 1763 and still more left when, after being recovered by Spain, Florida was ceded to the United States in 1819. The dialect of Spanish spoken in the Canary Islands", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 24 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1809371", "chunk_text": "\"Diplomacy in the American Revolutionary War\"\nEast and West Florida were ceded to Spain (without any clearly defined northern boundary, resulting in disputed territory resolved with the Treaty of Madrid), as was the island of Menorca, while the Bahama Islands, Grenada and Montserrat, captured by the French and Spanish, were returned to Britain. The treaty with France was mostly about exchanges of captured territory (France's only net gains were the island of Tobago, and Senegal in Africa), but also reinforced earlier treaties, guaranteeing fishing rights off Newfoundland. Dutch possessions in the East Indies, captured in 1781, were returned by Britain to the Netherlands in exchange for", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 25 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7398801", "chunk_text": "\"Spanish Florida\"\ncentral and southern Florida, to the Everglades. Many of their descendants live in this area today as one of the two federally recognized Seminole tribes in the state. Britain retained control over East Florida during the American Revolutionary War, but the Spanish, by that time allied with the French who were at war with Britain, recaptured most of West Florida. At the end of the war the Peace of Paris (1783) treaties (between the Kingdoms of Great Britain and Spain) ceded all of East and West Florida to Spanish control, though without specifying the boundaries. Spain gained possession of West", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 26 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8572312", "chunk_text": "\"Canarian Americans\"\nto the Spanish journalists Fernando Martínez Laínez and Carlos Canales Torrres (who examined the Spanish history of the United States in his book \"\"Banderas lejanas: La exploración, conquista y defensa por España del territorio de los actuales Estados Unidos\"\"), after the cession of Florida to Great Britain, many more Canarian families emigrated to Florida. In the 47 years of Canarian emigration to Florida, of the 2,350 who wanted the Spanish Crown retained there, only 984 families migrated, most of them heading to Venezuela and the Spanish Antilles. In 1783, Spain recovered Florida and some of the Canarian settlers from Saint", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 27 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15282426", "chunk_text": "\"Treaty of Ghent\"\nseals to the document. This did not itself end the war: that required formal ratification by their governments, which came in February 1815. The treaty released all prisoners and restored all captured lands and ships. Returned to the United States were approximately of territory, near Lakes Superior and Michigan, and in Maine. American-held areas of Upper Canada (present-day Ontario) were returned to British control, and the American-held territory in Spanish Florida taken from Britain and officially uninvolved Spain were returned to Spanish control. The treaty thus made no changes to the pre-war boundaries. Britain promised to return the freed black", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 28 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4778212", "chunk_text": "\"Treaty of Aranjuez (1779)\"\nWestern Mediterranean. During the Seven Years' War in 1756, Britain lost Menorca to France but captured the key Spanish colonial cities of Havana and Manila in 1762. As part of the 1763 peace settlement, Britain regained Menorca and exchanged Havana and Manila for the Spanish colonies of East Florida and West Florida. France compensated Spain for these losses by transferring ownership of Louisiana (see Map). West Florida controlled entry to the Mississippi River through the port of Mobile and included the Gulf Coast areas of modern-day Louisiana, Mississippi, Florida and Alabama. Both Floridas were overwhelmingly Loyalist and refused invitations to", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 29 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17928753", "chunk_text": "\"Treaty of Fontainebleau (1762)\"\ntransition: The colonists in western Louisiana did not accept the transition and expelled the first Spanish governor in the Rebellion of 1768. Alejandro O'Reilly, an Irish émigré, suppressed the rebellion and formally raised the Spanish flag in 1769. The acquisition of Louisiana consolidated the Spanish Empire in North America. When Great Britain returned Florida to Spain in 1783, after the American Revolutionary War, Spanish territory completely encircled the Gulf of Mexico and stretched from Florida west to the Pacific Ocean, and north to Canada west of the Mississippi River. Treaty of Fontainebleau (1762) The Treaty of Fontainebleau was a secret", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 30 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15693003", "chunk_text": "\"Spain and the American Revolutionary War\"\nSan Ildefonso, signed on 1 October 1777, after Mary I of Portugal had dismissed Pombal, Spain won the Banda Oriental (Uruguay), with Colonia del Sacramento, founded by Portugal in 1680. Spain also won the Misiones Orientales. In return, Spain acknowledged that Portuguese territories in Brazil extended far west of the line set in the Treaty of Tordesillas. In the Treaty of El Pardo, signed 11 March 1778, Spain won Spanish Guinea (Equatorial Guinea), which was administered from Buenos Aires in 1778-1810. With these treaties, Portugal had left the war, and in 1781 Portugal even joined the First League of Armed", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 31 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7244188", "chunk_text": "\"Spanish American wars of independence\"\nSpanish American wars of independence The Spanish American wars of independence were the numerous wars against Spanish rule in Spanish America with the aim of political independence that took place during the early 19th century, after the French invasion of Spain during Europe's Napoleonic Wars (a revolutionary wave). Although there has been research on the idea of a separate Spanish American (\"\"creole\"\") identity separate from that of Iberia, political independence was not initially the aim of most Spanish Americans, nor was it necessarily inevitable. After the restoration of rule by Ferdinand VII in 1814, and his rejection of the Spanish", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 32 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19029519", "chunk_text": "\"Spanish American wars of independence\"\nEmpire in 1821. Two years later, following Iturbide's downfall, the region, with the exception of Chiapas, peacefully seceded from Mexico on July 1, 1823, establishing the Federal Republic of Central America. The new state existed for seventeen years, centrifugal forces pulling the individual provinces apart by 1840. Unlike in New Spain and Central America, in South America independence was spurred by the pro-independence fighters who had held out for the past half decade. José de San Martín and Simón Bolívar inadvertently led a continent-wide pincer movement from southern and northern South America that liberated most of the Spanish American nations", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 33 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15963990", "chunk_text": "\"New France\"\nwas returned to the king. Louis XV saw no value in Louisiana, and in order to bring about an end to the Seven Years' War, he transferred Louisiana to his cousin Charles III of Spain in 1763. Louisiana remained under the control of Spain until it was demanded to be turned over to France by Napoleon. Although Louisiana was property of France by the Third Treaty of San Ildefonso in 1800, Louisiana continued to be administered by Spain until the Louisiana Purchase in 1803. Following the Louisiana purchase, the population of the subsequently divided territory that contained most of present-day", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 34 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1654204", "chunk_text": "\"Spain and the American Revolutionary War\"\ninvolving the British in Belize. On the mainland, the governor of Spanish Louisiana, Count Bernardo de Gálvez, led a series of successful offensives against the British forts in the Mississippi Valley, first the attack and capture of Fort Bute at Manchac and then forcing the surrender of Baton Rouge, Natchez and Mobile in 1779 and 1780. While a hurricane halted an expedition to capture Pensacola, the capital of British West Florida, in 1780, Gálvez's forces achieved a decisive victory against the British in 1781 at the Battle of Pensacola giving the Spanish control of all of West Florida. This secured", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 35 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3629406", "chunk_text": "\"Spanish language in the United States\"\nin Venezuela which also promoted an important migration of Venezuelan professionals to the US. In the 2000s, dissident Venezuelans migrated to South Florida, especially the suburbs of Doral and Weston. Other main states with Venezuelan American populations are, according to the 1990 census, New York, California, Texas (adding to their existing Hispanic populations), New Jersey, Massachusetts and Maryland. Refugees from Spain also migrated to the U.S. due to the Spanish Civil War (1936 - 1939) and political instability under the regime of Francisco Franco that lasted until 1975. The majority of Spaniards settled in Florida, Texas, California, New Jersey, New", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 36 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14241604", "chunk_text": "Florida\nthe first introduction of the English-derived legal system which Florida still has today, including trial by jury, habeas corpus and county-based government. Neither East Florida nor West Florida sent any representatives to Philadelphia to draft the Declaration of Independence. Florida remained a Loyalist stronghold for the duration of the American Revolution. Spain regained both East and West Florida after Britain's defeat in the American Revolution and the subsequent Treaty of Versailles in 1783, and continued the provincial divisions until 1821. Defense of Florida's northern border with the United States was minor during the second Spanish period. The region became a", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 37 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17597730", "chunk_text": "\"Spanish American wars of independence\"\nand with Spain eventually resulted in a chain of newly independent countries stretching from Argentina and Chile in the south to Mexico in the north in the first third of the 19th century. Cuba and Puerto Rico remained under Spanish rule until the Spanish–American War in 1898. The new republics from the beginning abolished the formal system of racial classification and hierarchy, casta system, the Inquisition, and noble titles. Slavery was not abolished immediately but ended in all of the new nations within a quarter century. Criollos (those of Spanish descent born in the New World) and mestizos (those of", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 38 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1950065", "chunk_text": "\"Spanish West Florida\"\nannexed either prior to or during the War of 1812, the land which makes up present-day Florida was not acquired until several years later. It became the Florida Territory of the United States in 1822. Spain was the first European state to colonize the Florida peninsula, expanding northward from Cuba and establishing long-lasting settlements at St. Augustine, on the Atlantic coast, and at Pensacola and San Marcos (St. Marks), on the Gulf of Mexico coast. Following Spain's losses to Great Britain during the Seven Years' War, Spain ceded its Florida territory to Britain in 1763. British administrators then divided the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 39 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15164725", "chunk_text": "\"France in the American Revolutionary War\"\nFrance and the U.S. was weakened. Thus the influence of France and Spain in future negotiations was limited. The war formally ended in September 1783 with the signing of the Treaty of Paris. France gained (or regained) territories in the Americas, Africa, and India. Losses in the 1763 Treaty of Paris and in the Treaty of Utrecht (1713) were in part regained: Tobago, Saint Lucia, the Senegal River area, as well as increased fishing rights in Terra Nova. Spain regained Florida and Minorca, but Gibraltar remained in the hands of the British. Because the French involvement in the war was", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 40 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8521591", "chunk_text": "\"Spain and the American Revolutionary War\"\nthrough the Bourbon Family Compact and also viewed the Revolution as an opportunity to weaken its enemy Great Britain, which had caused Spain substantial losses during the Seven Years' War. As the newly appointed Prime Minister, José Moñino y Redondo, Count of Floridablanca, wrote in March 1777, \"\"the fate of the colonies interests us very much, and we shall do for them everything that circumstances permit\"\". Spanish aid was supplied to the new nation through four main routes: from French ports with the funding of Roderigue Hortalez and Company, through the port of New Orleans and up the Mississippi River,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 41 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6891858", "chunk_text": "\"Spain–United States relations\"\nally of France, and provided supplies and munitions to the American forces. However Spain was not an ally of the Patriots. It was reluctant to recognize the independence of the United States, because it distrusted revolutionaries. Historian Thomas A. Bailey says of Spain: Among the most notable Spaniards that fought during the American Revolutionary War were Bernardo de Gálvez y Madrid, Count of Gálvez, who defeated the British colonial forces at Manchac, Baton Rouge, and Natchez in 1779, freeing the lower Mississippi Valley of British forces and relieved the threat to the capital of Louisiana, New Orleans. In 1780, he", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 42 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "888416", "chunk_text": "\"Military history of Spain\"\nlargely a success, underlining the resources that Spain still had at its disposal. Spain entered the war after the Battle of Saratoga, with the aim, as in the Seven Years' War, of recovering Gibraltar and Menorca and removing the British threat to their Gulf of Mexico colonies. Their successful defence of the Louisiana Territory, the invasion of Menorca in 1781, and the capture of West Florida from the British, showed a renewed strength in the New World, although the British defence of Gilbratar prevented the Spanish achieving all their war goals. The Napoleonic Wars were to have a tremendous impact", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 43 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20100191", "chunk_text": "\"Colonial history of the United States\"\n(including Puerto Rico), and the Spanish East Indies (including Guam and the Northern Mariana Islands). New Spain encompassed the territory of Louisiana after the Treaty of Fontainebleau (1762), though Louisiana reverted to France in the 1800 Third Treaty of San Ildefonso. Many territories that had been part of New Spain became part of the United States after 1776 through various wars and treaties, including the Louisiana Purchase (1803), the Adams–Onís Treaty (1819), the Mexican–American War (1846–1848), and the Spanish–American War (1898). There were also several Spanish expeditions to the Pacific Northwest, but Spain gave the United States all claims to", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 44 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11518911", "chunk_text": "Spain\nfall of the Bonapartist regime, Ferdinand VII dismissed the Cortes Generales and was determined to rule as an absolute monarch. These events foreshadowed the conflict between conservatives and liberals in the 19th and early 20th centuries. Spain's conquest by France benefited Latin American anti-colonialists who resented the Imperial Spanish government's policies that favoured Spanish-born citizens (Peninsulars) over those born overseas (Criollos) and demanded retroversion of the sovereignty to the people. Starting in 1809 Spain's American colonies began a series of revolutions and declared independence, leading to the Spanish American wars of independence that ended Spanish control over its mainland colonies", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 45 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11518912", "chunk_text": "Spain\nin the Americas. King Ferdinand VII's attempt to re-assert control proved futile as he faced opposition not only in the colonies but also in Spain and army revolts followed, led by liberal officers. By the end of 1826, the only American colonies Spain held were Cuba and Puerto Rico. The Napoleonic War left Spain economically ruined, deeply divided and politically unstable. In the 1830s and 1840s Anti-liberal forces known as Carlists fought against liberals in the Carlist Wars. Liberal forces won, but the conflict between progressive and conservative liberals ended in a weak early constitutional period. After the Glorious Revolution", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 46 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15693022", "chunk_text": "\"Spain and the American Revolutionary War\"\nfor little clear military or economic gain. France had been left with crippling debts which it struggled to pay off, and which would become one of the major causes of the French Revolution that broke out in 1789. Spain, in comparison, disposed of its debts more easily, partly due to the stunning increases in silver production from the mines in Mexico and Bolivia. One particular outcome of the war was the manner in which it enhanced the position of Prime Minister Floridablanca, and his government continued to dominate Spanish politics until 1792. Don Diego de Gardoqui, of the Gardoqui trading", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 47 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4778217", "chunk_text": "\"Treaty of Aranjuez (1779)\"\npeace. The combination effectively tied US independence to Spain's recovery of Gibraltar, without the knowledge of the Continental Congress. The result was a deep and abiding distrust of 'foreign entanglements.' The Treaty of Aranjuez effectively made Spain part of the Revolutionary War but its role is often overlooked, since officially it was not involved. In addition, while Spain's biggest impact was on the war in America, by far its greatest investment of money and men was on the Great Siege of Gibraltar that began in June 1779. Between 1779-1781, Bernardo de Gálvez, Governor of Louisiana, captured West Florida and parts", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 48 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8431580", "chunk_text": "\"Restoration (Spain)\"\nRestoration (Spain) The Restoration (), or Bourbon Restoration (\"\"Restauración borbónica\"\"), is the name given to the period that began on 29 December 1874 — after a coup d'état by Martínez Campos ended the First Spanish Republic and restored the monarchy under Alfonso XII — and ended on 14 April 1931 with the proclamation of the Second Spanish Republic. After almost a whole century of political instability and many civil wars, the aim of the Restoration was to create a new political system, which ensured stability by the practice of \"\"turnismo\"\". This was the deliberate rotation of the Liberal and Conservative", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 49 } ]
test_3427	who played forrest gumps mother in the 1994 film?	n/a	[ "Sally Field" ]	[]	n/a	n/a	n/a	[]	[ { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12209985", "chunk_text": "\"Forrest Gump\"\nForrest Gump Forrest Gump is a 1994 American comedy-drama film based on the 1986 novel of the same name by Winston Groom. It was directed by Robert Zemeckis and written by Eric Roth, and stars Tom Hanks, Robin Wright, Gary Sinise, Mykelti Williamson, and Sally Field. The story depicts several decades in the life of Forrest Gump (Hanks), a slow-witted but kind-hearted man from Alabama who witnesses several defining historical events in the 20th century in the United States. The film differs substantially from the novel. Principal photography took place in late 1993, mainly in Georgia, North Carolina, and South", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 0 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18443083", "chunk_text": "\"Sally Field\"\nin the film version of \"\"Steel Magnolias\"\" (1989), she was nominated for a 1990 Golden Globe Award for Best Actress. Field had supporting roles in a number of other movies, including \"\"Mrs. Doubtfire\"\" (1993) in which she played Miranda Hillard, the wife of Robin Williams's character and the love interest of Pierce Brosnan's character Stuart 'Stu' Dunmyer. She then played Tom Hanks's mother in \"\"Forrest Gump\"\" (1994), even though she was only 10 years older than Hanks, with whom she had co-starred six years earlier in \"\"Punchline\"\". Field's other 1990s films included \"\"Not Without My Daughter\"\", a controversial thriller based", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 1 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1605820", "chunk_text": "\"Libby Villari\"\nin the 1994 television film \"\"Without Consent\"\". In 1995, she appeared in \"\"The Big Green\"\" and in 1996 in \"\"\"\" and \"\"The Whole Wide World\"\" as the mother of Renée Zellweger. She has also appeared on the series \"\"Walker, Texas Ranger\"\" and in Robert Altman's \"\"Dr. T & the Women\"\". In 2014, Villari's film \"\"Boyhood\"\" by Richard Linklater opened at the Sundance Film Festival. She plays the mother of Patricia Arquette's character in the film. On stage she has acted in several productions with the Stage West Theatre Company, including her breakout role as Honey Bruce in \"\"Lenny\"\", and with", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 2 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4853663", "chunk_text": "\"Hanna R. Hall\"\nHanna R. Hall Hanna Rose Hall (born July 9, 1984) is an American actress. She made her film debut in \"\"Forrest Gump\"\" (1994), and later appeared in Sofia Coppola's \"\"The Virgin Suicides\"\" (1999) and Rob Zombie's \"\"Halloween\"\" (2007). Hall was born in Denver, Colorado. Her family moved into the mountains when she was two years-old, but she remained in Colorado until age eighteen. After high school, she lived in Hawaii and Los Angeles before moving to Vancouver, British Columbia, where she attended the Vancouver Film School. When she was seven years-old, Hall attended Nina Axelrod's open casting call for Robert", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 3 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6628293", "chunk_text": "\"Wendy Finerman\"\nWendy Finerman Wendy Finerman is an American film producer of nearly a dozen feature films. Finerman was born to a Jewish family and raised in Beverly Hills, California. Her sister, Karen Finerman, is a hedgefund owner/trader in New York City and appears on CNBC's Fast Money. Finerman was one of three producers who won the Academy Award for Best Picture for \"\"Forrest Gump\"\" in 1994 and a BAFTA Award for \"\"\"\" in 1998. She has also produced such popular films as \"\"The Fan\"\", \"\"Stepmom\"\", \"\"Drumline\"\", and \"\"The Devil Wears Prada\"\". Finerman was formerly married to producer Mark Canton and now", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 4 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8729460", "chunk_text": "\"Robin Wright\"\nShe attended La Jolla High School and Taft High School in Woodland Hills, Los Angeles. Wright began her career as a model, when she was 14. At the age of 18, she played Kelly Capwell in the NBC Daytime soap opera \"\"Santa Barbara\"\", for which she received several Daytime Emmy Award nominations. She transitioned into feature film work as Buttercup in the cult film \"\"The Princess Bride\"\" (1987). She gained critical acclaim in her role as Jenny Curran in \"\"Forrest Gump\"\" (1994), receiving Golden Globe Award and Screen Actors Guild nominations for Best Supporting Actress. In 1996 she starred in", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 5 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3913913", "chunk_text": "\"Serial Mom\"\nSerial Mom Serial Mom is a 1994 American black comedy crime film written and directed by John Waters, and starring Kathleen Turner as the title character, Sam Waterston as her husband, and Ricki Lake and Matthew Lillard as her children. Patty Hearst, Suzanne Somers, Joan Rivers, Traci Lords, and Brigid Berlin make cameo appearances in the film. The film was released theatrically in the United States on April 13, 1994 to mixed to positive reviews from critics, but was a box office bomb, grossing nearly $8 million from a $13 million budget. Beverly Sutphin appears to be a typical suburban", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 6 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9994865", "chunk_text": "\"Siobhan Fallon Hogan\"\nSiobhan Fallon Hogan Siobhan Fallon Hogan (born May 13, 1961) is an American actress and comedian. She appeared in films such as \"\"Men in Black\"\", \"\"Forrest Gump\"\", \"\"The Negotiator\"\", \"\"Holes\"\", \"\"Daddy Day Care\"\" and \"\"Going in Style\"\". Fallon was born in Syracuse, New York, United States, the daughter of Jane (née Eagan) and William J. Fallon, an attorney. She was raised Catholic. She graduated from Le Moyne College in 1983. She made her television debut in an episode of \"\"The Golden Girls\"\" in 1990. She appeared in 20 episodes on \"\"Saturday Night Live\"\" from 1991 to 1992. She also appeared", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 7 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8773432", "chunk_text": "\"Mother (1996 film)\"\nMother (1996 film) Mother is a 1996 American comedy-drama film directed by Albert Brooks, co-written by Brooks with Monica Johnson, and starring Brooks and Debbie Reynolds as son and mother. Brooks portrays a novelist who moves back home with his mother after his second divorce, hoping to determine why all his relationships with women were unsuccessful. \"\"Mother\"\" was Reynolds's first major film role in over 20 years. The film earned positive reviews and was Brooks's most financially successful film as a director. John Henderson (Albert Brooks) is a successful science fiction writer who is finalizing his second divorce. He is", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 8 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18599560", "chunk_text": "\"Nancy Haigh\"\nfor \"\"Barton Fink\"\". In 1992, she won an Academy Award for her work in \"\"Bugsy\"\". In 1994, she was an Academy Award Nominee for \"\"Forrest Gump\"\" and she was nominated again in 2002 for \"\"Road to Perdition\"\". In 2007, she was nominated for \"\"Dreamgirls\"\". At the 83rd Academy Awards she was nominated for \"\"True Grit\"\". In 2017, she received her seventh Academy Award nomination for \"\"Hail, Caesar!\"\" at the 89th Academy Awards. Nancy Haigh's filmography as Set Decorator: Nancy Haigh Nancy Haigh is an American set decorator who has received seven Academy Award nominations, and won one for her work", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 9 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3825797", "chunk_text": "\"Ann Wedgeworth\"\nand \"\"Thieves\"\". In 1977, she won the National Society of Film Critics Award for Best Supporting Actress for her performance in \"\"Handle with Care\"\". Through the 1980s, Wedgworth had many supporting roles, often playing mothers, such as in \"\"No Small Affair\"\" as Jon Cryer's character's, in \"\"Sweet Dreams\"\" as Patsy Cline's and in 1987's \"\"Made in Heaven\"\" as one unknowingly reunited with her dead son. In 1989, she portrayed Aunt Fern in \"\"Steel Magnolias\"\". She appeared as Sissy Spacek's character's mother in the 1991 film \"\"Hard Promises\"\". She also appeared in two films opposite Renée Zellweger: \"\"Love and a .45\"\"", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 10 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4853665", "chunk_text": "\"Hanna R. Hall\"\nthe independent comedy \"\"American Cowslip\"\" (2009), opposite Val Kilmer, Diane Ladd, and Cloris Leachman. In 2012, Hall began working as a theater director in Venice, California, directing underground plays. She has also appeared on television series, including guest roles on \"\"Criminal Minds\"\" and \"\"Masters of Sex\"\". Hanna R. Hall Hanna Rose Hall (born July 9, 1984) is an American actress. She made her film debut in \"\"Forrest Gump\"\" (1994), and later appeared in Sofia Coppola's \"\"The Virgin Suicides\"\" (1999) and Rob Zombie's \"\"Halloween\"\" (2007). Hall was born in Denver, Colorado. Her family moved into the mountains when she was two", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 11 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5896293", "chunk_text": "\"Wendy Finerman\"\nis married to David Peterson. The mother of four children, she is a graduate of the Wharton School at the University of Pennsylvania and runs her own company, Wendy Finerman Productions. Wendy Finerman Wendy Finerman is an American film producer of nearly a dozen feature films. Finerman was born to a Jewish family and raised in Beverly Hills, California. Her sister, Karen Finerman, is a hedgefund owner/trader in New York City and appears on CNBC's Fast Money. Finerman was one of three producers who won the Academy Award for Best Picture for \"\"Forrest Gump\"\" in 1994 and a BAFTA Award", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 12 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12209995", "chunk_text": "\"Forrest Gump\"\nGump as an astronaut, a professional wrestler, and a chess player. Two directors were offered the opportunity to direct the film before Robert Zemeckis was selected. Terry Gilliam turned down the offer. Barry Sonnenfeld was attached to the film, but left to direct \"\"Addams Family Values\"\". Filming began in August 1993 and ended in December of that year. Although most of the film is set in Alabama, filming took place mainly in and around Beaufort, South Carolina, as well as parts of coastal Virginia and North Carolina, including a running shot on the Blue Ridge Parkway. Downtown portions of the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 13 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11606521", "chunk_text": "\"Jean Speegle Howard\"\nMountain Christmas\"\", Howard appears as Old Lady Jezebel alongside her husband who plays Dr. Jennings. In a 1995 episode of \"\"Roseanne\"\", Howard appeared as an elderly neighbor who prefers to be nude while in her own home, much to the chagrin of Dan and Roseanne, who often see her from their own bedroom window. She acted in the 1996 film \"\"Matilda\"\" as the librarian, Mrs. Phelps. Howard also starred in \"\"Two of a Kind\"\" alongside Mary-Kate and Ashley Olsen. One of her last on-camera speaking roles, Howard portrayed astronaut Jim Lovell's mother in the 1995 motion picture \"\"Apollo 13\"\". When", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 14 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9239497", "chunk_text": "\"My Girl 2\"\nMy Girl 2 My Girl 2 is a 1994 American comedy-drama film starring Anna Chlumsky, Dan Aykroyd, Christine Ebersole, Jamie Lee Curtis, Richard Masur, and Austin O'Brien. A sequel to \"\"My Girl\"\" (1991), its plot follows a now-teenaged Vada Sultenfuss, who travels from her home in suburban Pennsylvania to Los Angeles to find more information about her deceased mother. A book based on the script was written by Patricia Hermes in 1994. In the spring of 1974, nearly two years following the events of the first film, Vada Sultenfuss sets out on a quest to learn more about her deceased", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 15 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1694117", "chunk_text": "\"Elizabeth Perkins\"\nthe television project \"\"For Their Own Good\"\". She later starred in the comedy series \"\"Battery Park\"\" and has appeared in television and films including the 1994 remake of \"\"Miracle on 34th Street\"\" and 2000's \"\"28 Days\"\" starring as Sandra Bullock's sister. Perkins also had a small role in the 2003 film \"\"Finding Nemo\"\", voicing the clownfish who was the wife of Marlin and mother of Nemo, and who was killed by a barracuda at the beginning of the film. Perkins also appeared as a psychiatrist in the 2005 suspense thriller, \"\"The Ring Two\"\", starring Naomi Watts. She played Wilma Flintstone", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 16 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8824339", "chunk_text": "\"Sandra Bullock\"\nSandra Bullock Sandra Annette Bullock (; born July 26, 1964) is an American actress, producer, and philanthropist. After making her acting debut with a minor role in the thriller \"\"Hangmen\"\" (1987), she received early attention for her performance in the sci-fi action film \"\"Demolition Man\"\" (1993). Her breakthrough came in the action thriller \"\"Speed\"\" (1994). A line of successful films followed throughout the 1990s, including \"\"While You Were Sleeping\"\" (1995), \"\"The Net\"\" (1995), \"\"A Time to Kill\"\" (1996), and \"\"Hope Floats\"\" (1998). Bullock achieved further success in the following decades in \"\"Miss Congeniality\"\" (2000), \"\"Two Weeks Notice\"\" (2002), \"\"Crash\"\" (2004),", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 17 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12135510", "chunk_text": "\"Anna Maria Horsford\"\nin a number of movies, most notable as Craig Jones' mother Betty in 1995 comedy film \"\"Friday\"\" and its sequel \"\"Friday After Next\"\" (2002). Her other film credits include \"\"Times Square\"\" (1980), \"\"The Fan\"\" (1981), \"\"Presumed Innocent\"\" (1990), \"\"Set It Off\"\" (1996), \"\"Along Came a Spider\"\" (2001), \"\"Our Family Wedding\"\" (2010), and \"\"A Madea Christmas\"\" (2013). Horsford was born in Harlem in 1948 to Victor Horsford, an investment real estate broker originally from the Dominican Republic, and Lillian Agatha (née Richardson) Horsford, emigrated from Antigua and Barbuda in the 1940s. According to a DNA analysis, she has maternal ancestry from", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 18 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5296222", "chunk_text": "\"Forrest Gump (character)\"\na crate of bananas being loaded off of a boat fell on top of him, crushing him to death. Forrest goes on a number of different adventures including being an astronaut, playing the harmonica in a band called the Cracked Eggs, becoming a professional wrestler (\"\"The Dunce\"\") and running for the United States Senate (with the campaign slogan \"\"We Got to Pee\"\"). Forrest Gump (character) Forrest Gump is a fictional character and the protagonist of the 1986 novel by Winston Groom, Robert Zemeckis's 1994 film of the same name, and \"\"Gump and Co.\"\", the written sequel to Groom's novel. In", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 19 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5702757", "chunk_text": "\"Forrest Gump\"\na movie of your life's story,\"\" though \"\"Whether they get it right or wrong, it doesn't matter.\"\" The first chapter of the book suggests the real-life events surrounding the film have been incorporated into Forrest's storyline, and that Forrest got a lot of media attention as a result of the film. During the course of the sequel novel, Gump runs into Tom Hanks and at the end of the novel in the film's release, including Gump going on \"\"The David Letterman Show\"\" and attending the Academy Awards. Forrest Gump Forrest Gump is a 1994 American comedy-drama film based on the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 20 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3330822", "chunk_text": "\"My Girl 2\"\nattached to the project but as the time passed it was becoming less and less likely that it would ever go into production. My Girl 2 My Girl 2 is a 1994 American comedy-drama film starring Anna Chlumsky, Dan Aykroyd, Christine Ebersole, Jamie Lee Curtis, Richard Masur, and Austin O'Brien. A sequel to \"\"My Girl\"\" (1991), its plot follows a now-teenaged Vada Sultenfuss, who travels from her home in suburban Pennsylvania to Los Angeles to find more information about her deceased mother. A book based on the script was written by Patricia Hermes in 1994. In the spring of 1974,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 21 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20075077", "chunk_text": "\"Anne Ramsey\"\nAnne Ramsey Angelina \"\"Anne\"\" Ramsey (March 27, 1929 – August 11, 1988) was an American stage, television, and film actress. She portrayed Mama Fratelli in \"\"The Goonies\"\" (1985) and Mrs. Lift, mother of Danny DeVito's protagonist, in \"\"Throw Momma from the Train\"\" (1987). The latter film saw Ramsey nominated for a Golden Globe Award and the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actress. Anne Ramsey was born Angelina Mobley in Omaha, Nebraska, the daughter of Eleanor (née Smith), the former national treasurer of the Girl Scouts of the USA, and Nathan Mobley, an insurance executive. Her mother was a descendant of", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 22 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18789397", "chunk_text": "\"Eric Roth\"\nEric Roth Eric R. Roth (born March 22, 1945) is an American screenwriter. He won the Oscar for Best Adapted Screenplay for \"\"Forrest Gump\"\" (1994). He also co-wrote the screenplays for several Oscar-nominated films: \"\"The Insider\"\" (1999), \"\"Munich\"\" (2005), \"\"The Curious Case of Benjamin Button\"\" (2008), and \"\"Extremely Loud & Incredibly Close\"\" (2012). Roth was born in New York City, New York, into a Jewish family, the son of Miriam \"\"Mimi\"\", a teacher, studio executive, and radio writer, and Leon Roth, a university teacher and film producer. He grew up in Bedford–Stuyvesant, Brooklyn in New York. He grew up boxing", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 23 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10397992", "chunk_text": "\"Gump and Co.\"\nGump and Co. Gump & Co. (or Forrest Gump and Co.) is a 1995 novel by Winston Groom. It is the sequel to his novel \"\"Forrest Gump\"\" (1986), and the Academy Award-winning film of the same name released in 1994, with Tom Hanks. It was written to chronicle Forrest's life throughout the 1980s. On the first page, Forrest Gump tells readers \"\"Don't never let nobody make a movie of your life's story,\"\" though \"\"Whether they get it right or wrong, it don't matter.\"\" However, the character is not an idiot savant, as in the first book, but more similar to", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 24 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2181256", "chunk_text": "\"Sally Field\"\nrange of acclaimed and successful films including \"\"Smokey and the Bandit II\"\" (1980), \"\"Absence of Malice\"\" (1981), \"\"Kiss Me Goodbye\"\" (1982), \"\"Murphy's Romance\"\" (1985), \"\"Steel Magnolias\"\" (1989), \"\"Mrs. Doubtfire\"\" (1993), and \"\"Forrest Gump\"\" (1994). In the 2000s, she returned to television with a recurring role on the NBC medical drama \"\"ER\"\", for which she won the Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Guest Actress in a Drama Series in 2001 and the following year made her stage debut with Edward Albee's \"\"The Goat, or Who Is Sylvia?\"\". From 2006 to 2011, she portrayed the protagonist Nora Walker on the ABC television", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 25 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16629140", "chunk_text": "\"Forrest Gump (character)\"\nchildhood friend Jennifer Curran, who eventually becomes his wife. Tom Hanks portrayed the character in the film and earned an Academy Award for his performance, while Michael Conner Humphreys portrayed Forrest as a child. In 2008, Forrest Gump was named the 20th greatest movie character of all time by \"\"Empire\"\" magazine. Forrest was born near the small town of Greenbow, Alabama, on June 6, 1944. His father was absent during his life, and his mother said he was \"\"on vacation\"\". His mother named Forrest after their ancestor Nathan Bedford Forrest, a Scotch-Irish American and a noted Confederate general in the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 26 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18783608", "chunk_text": "\"Rosanna DeSoto\"\nRosanna DeSoto Rosanna DeSoto (born September 2, 1950) is an American actress who has performed in films and television. She is best known for her roles in \"\"Stand and Deliver\"\", for which she won an Independent Spirit Award for Best Supporting Female, and in \"\"\"\" as Azetbur, the daughter of Klingon Chancellor Gorkon. Her other film roles include \"\"La Bamba\"\" (1987) as Ritchie Valens' mother Connie Valenzuela; and \"\"Family Business\"\" (1989) as the wife of Vito McMullen (Dustin Hoffman). DeSoto's first television role was in the series \"\"A.E.S. Hudson Street\"\" (1978) as Nurse Rosa Santiago. She starred in the short-lived", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 27 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16002255", "chunk_text": "\"Emily Ann Lloyd\"\nEmily Ann Lloyd Emily Ann Lloyd (born Emily Ann Morelli; March 27, 1984) is an American actress. She is best known for her role as Susan Lovell, the daughter of Jim Lovell, in \"\"Apollo 13\"\". Lloyd was born in Glendale, California, the daughter of Melissa (née Rogers) and David Morelli. She is cousin of Alyssa Milano and older sister of actor Eric Lloyd. She gave her debut in 1990 in the Arnold Schwarzenegger film \"\"Kindergarten Cop\"\". For that role she won the Young Artist Award in 1991. After that she played the role of Elizabeth 'Betsy' Gibson Ewing in the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 28 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6895316", "chunk_text": "\"Mother's Boys\"\nMother's Boys Mother's Boys is a 1994 American thriller film starring Jamie Lee Curtis, Peter Gallagher, Joanne Whalley (as Joanne Whalley-Kilmer) and Vanessa Redgrave. Jude Madigan (Curtis) suddenly and inexplicably leaves her husband, Robert (Gallagher), and three sons. Three years later, when Robert finally files for divorce, Jude returns and tries to reclaim her former life. Robert refuses and insists on the divorce. Jude does not accept Robert's decision. She tries, unsuccessfully, to seduce him and harasses Robert's new girlfriend, Callie (Whalley). Eventually, Jude manipulates and convinces her eldest son, Kes (Luke Edwards), that Callie is the only person standing", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 29 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11820036", "chunk_text": "\"Mary Ellen Trainor\"\nMary Ellen Trainor Mary Ellen Trainor (July 8, 1952 – May 20, 2015) was an American character actress best remembered as Dr. Stephanie Woods (an LAPD psychiatrist) in the \"\"Lethal Weapon\"\" films and as Irene Walsh (Mikey and Brand's mom) in \"\"The Goonies\"\". She also appeared in numerous other well-known films including \"\"Romancing the Stone, The Monster Squad, Die Hard, Death Becomes Her, Forrest Gump,\"\" and \"\"Freaky Friday.\"\" Trainor was born in San Francisco, California. She attended San Diego State University, where she studied broadcast journalism. Trainor started her career working at radio stations KSDO as well as KCBS. Her", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 30 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16154018", "chunk_text": "\"Anita Gillette\"\nand appearing with Robert Reed and Bert Convy on \"\"Super Password\"\", Gillette transitioned to film with a variety of notable roles such as that of Mona in 1987's \"\"Moonstruck\"\". Many of these roles have had her as an on-screen mother to characters played by notable actors such as Jack Black's mother in \"\"Bob Roberts\"\" (1992), Jennifer Aniston's mother in \"\"She's The One\"\" (1996), Bill Murray's mother in \"\"Larger Than Life\"\" (1996), the mother of Bobby Cannavale's love interest in \"\"The Guru\"\" (2002), and Mary-Louise Parker's mother in \"\"Boys on the Side\"\" (1995). Her return to television in 2000s short-lived \"\"Normal,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 31 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12209986", "chunk_text": "\"Forrest Gump\"\nCarolina. Extensive visual effects were used to incorporate Hanks into archived footage and develop other scenes. The soundtrack features songs reflecting the different periods seen in the film. Released in the United States on July 6, 1994, \"\"Forrest Gump\"\" received favorable reviews for Zemeckis' directing, Hanks' performance, visual effects, and script. The film was a massive success at the box office; it became the top-grossing film in North America released that year and earned over worldwide during its theatrical run, making it the second highest-grossing film of 1994. The soundtrack sold over 12 million copies. \"\"Forrest Gump\"\" won the Academy", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 32 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2657855", "chunk_text": "\"Lea Thompson\"\nSex?\"\", and \"\"The Wizard of Loneliness\"\". She also had a prominent role in the 1989 TV film \"\"Nightbreaker\"\", for which she was nominated for a CableACE Award. In the early 1990s, Thompson starred as the mother of the eponymous character in \"\"Dennis the Menace\"\" (1993), the villainess in \"\"The Beverly Hillbillies\"\" (1993), and a snooty ballet instructor in \"\"The Little Rascals\"\" (1994). She also appeared in several TV films throughout the 1990s, including \"\"The Substitute Wife\"\" (1994) and \"\"The Right To Remain Silent\"\" (1996). Thompson found moderate critical and popular success as the star of the NBC sitcom \"\"Caroline in", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 33 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5702750", "chunk_text": "\"Forrest Gump\"\nscreenplay from the novel, had \"\"...transferred all of Gump's flaws and most of the excesses committed by Americans in the 1960s and 1970s to her [Jenny].\"\" Other commentators believe the film forecast the 1994 Republican Revolution and used the image of Forrest Gump to promote movement leader Newt Gingrich's traditional, conservative values. Jennifer Hyland Wang observes that the film idealizes the 1950s, as made evident by the lack of \"\"whites only\"\" signs in Gump's Southern childhood, and \"\"revisions\"\" [\"\"sic\"\"] the 1960s as a period of social conflict and confusion. She argues that this sharp contrast between the decades criticizes the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 34 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3731664", "chunk_text": "\"Meryl Streep\"\nrole in which Streep became \"\"arguably the first middle-aged actress to be taken seriously by Hollywood as a romantic heroine\"\". Streep played the estranged sister of Bessie (Diane Keaton), a woman battling leukemia, in \"\"Marvin's Room\"\" (1996), an adaptation of the play by Scott McPherson. Streep recommended Keaton for the role. The film also featured Leonardo DiCaprio as the rebellious son of Streep's character. Roger Ebert stated that, \"\"Streep and Keaton, in their different styles, find ways to make Lee and Bessie into much more than the expression of their problems.\"\" The film was well received, and Streep earned another", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 35 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7678469", "chunk_text": "\"Darlene Cates\"\nDarlene Cates Darlene Cates (born Rita Darlene Guthrie; December 13, 1947 – March 26, 2017) was an American actress. She was best known for her role in the 1993 film \"\"What's Eating Gilbert Grape\"\", in which she played the title character's housebound mother. Author and screenwriter Peter Hedges saw a tape of Cates on a 1992 episode of \"\"Sally\"\" entitled \"\"Too Heavy to Leave Their House\"\". On the show, she discussed her battle with obesity and how it had affected her life. In 1986, pelvic infections caused by her excess weight kept her bedridden for two years, during which she", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 36 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20896157", "chunk_text": "\"Dr Pepper\"\nof the ordinary.\"\" Dr Pepper's \"\"Be You\"\" advertising campaign centered on commercials featuring pairs of popular musicians, including LeAnn Rimes with Reba McEntire, Paulina Rubio with Celia Cruz, Thalía with Tito Puente, B2K with Smokey Robinson, Anastacia with Cyndi Lauper, Patricia Manterola with Ana Gabriel, and LL Cool J with Run-D.M.C. The campaign also featured individual musicians, notably Garth Brooks. Dr Pepper made several appearances in the 1994 Robert Zemeckis major motion picture \"\"Forrest Gump\"\", as it was the beverage of choice for the movie's namesake lead character, played by Tom Hanks. In one of the film's Dr Pepper scenes,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 37 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6542334", "chunk_text": "\"Robert Zemeckis\"\nWoody Allen's earlier \"\"Zelig\"\", \"\"Forrest Gump\"\" tells the story of a man with a low I.Q., who unwittingly participates in some of the major events of the twentieth century, falls in love, and interacts with several major historical figures in the process. The film grossed $677 million worldwide and became the top-grossing U.S. film of 1994; it won six Academy Awards, including Best Picture, Best Actor (for Hanks) and Best Director (for Zemeckis). In 1997, Zemeckis directed \"\"Contact\"\", a long-gestating project based on Carl Sagan's 1985 novel of the same name. The film centers on Eleanor Arroway, a scientist played", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 38 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12758162", "chunk_text": "\"Mother (1996 film)\"\nfor Best Performance by an Actress in a Supporting Role in a Motion Picture - Comedy or Musical, and was nominated for the Golden Globe Award for Best Actress - Motion Picture Musical or Comedy. Mother (1996 film) Mother is a 1996 American comedy-drama film directed by Albert Brooks, co-written by Brooks with Monica Johnson, and starring Brooks and Debbie Reynolds as son and mother. Brooks portrays a novelist who moves back home with his mother after his second divorce, hoping to determine why all his relationships with women were unsuccessful. \"\"Mother\"\" was Reynolds's first major film role in over", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 39 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6484196", "chunk_text": "\"Nora Dunfee\"\nNora Dunfee Nora Dunfee (25 December 1915 – 23 December 1994) was an American Broadway and film actress and acting coach. Born in Belmont, Ohio, Dunfee began her professional acting career at the Ogunquit Playhouse in Ogunquit, Maine, starring in Sinclair Lewis's production of \"\"Our Town\"\". Her stage credits on- and off-broadway include \"\"Madam, Will You Walk?\"\" (1953), \"\"The Midnight Caller\"\" (1958), \"\"The Visit\"\" (1960), \"\"The Last Days of Lincoln\"\" (1961) and \"\"Crowbar\"\" (1990). She also appeared in several films, most notably as the elderly lady at the bus stop who gives Tom Hanks advice in \"\"Forrest Gump\"\". Dunfee studied", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 40 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4853664", "chunk_text": "\"Hanna R. Hall\"\nZemeckis's \"\"Forrest Gump\"\". A few callbacks later, Hall was eventually cast as young Jenny Curran. This was followed by a role as an orphaned child in the 1996 television film \"\"Homecoming\"\", co-starring Anne Bancroft. Hall screen tested for the role of Lux Lisbon in Sofia Coppola's film adaptation of \"\"The Virgin Suicides\"\", but was considered too young for the part so she was cast as Cecilia Lisbon instead. She appeared in several independent films following this, before being cast in Rob Zombie's remake of \"\"Halloween\"\" (2007) as Judith Myers, the sister of murderer Michael Myers. In 2009, she appeared in", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 41 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18386445", "chunk_text": "\"Linda Hamilton\"\none for Best Female Performance and the other for Most Desirable Female. She reprised the character, Sarah Connor, for the theme park attraction \"\"\"\". In 1990, Hamilton was chosen by \"\"People Magazine\"\" as one of the 50 Most Beautiful People in the world. Following the success of the \"\"Terminator\"\" series, she hosted \"\"Saturday Night Live\"\". She returned to television in \"\"A Mother's Prayer\"\" (1995) playing a mother who lost her husband and is diagnosed with AIDS. For her performance in the film, which co-starred Kate Nelligan and Bruce Dern, Hamilton was awarded a CableACE Award for best dramatic performance and", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 42 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12765903", "chunk_text": "\"Little Women (1994 film)\"\nfor her performance in both \"\"Little Women\"\" and \"\"Interview with the Vampire\"\". Robin Swicord was nominated for the Writers Guild of America Award for Best Adapted Screenplay but lost to Eric Roth for \"\"Forrest Gump\"\". The film had its initial North America video release on VHS on June 20, 1995, followed by its initial digital release on DVD on April 25, 2000. Little Women (1994 film) Little Women is a 1994 American family drama film directed by Gillian Armstrong. The screenplay by Robin Swicord, is based on Louisa May Alcott's 1868 novel of the same name. It is the fifth", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 43 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18789400", "chunk_text": "\"Eric Roth\"\nwriting a screenplay dealing with the Madoff-Chais scandal. Eric Roth Eric R. Roth (born March 22, 1945) is an American screenwriter. He won the Oscar for Best Adapted Screenplay for \"\"Forrest Gump\"\" (1994). He also co-wrote the screenplays for several Oscar-nominated films: \"\"The Insider\"\" (1999), \"\"Munich\"\" (2005), \"\"The Curious Case of Benjamin Button\"\" (2008), and \"\"Extremely Loud & Incredibly Close\"\" (2012). Roth was born in New York City, New York, into a Jewish family, the son of Miriam \"\"Mimi\"\", a teacher, studio executive, and radio writer, and Leon Roth, a university teacher and film producer. He grew up in Bedford–Stuyvesant,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 44 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15653891", "chunk_text": "\"Michael Conner Humphreys\"\nthe independent World War II film \"\".\"\" Michael Conner Humphreys Michael Conner Humphreys (born March 1, 1985) is an American actor best known for playing young Forrest Gump in the 1994 film of the same name, a performance for which he was nominated for a Young Artist Award. Humphreys was born in the small town of Independence, Mississippi. In 1993, when he was eight years old, he attended an open casting call in Memphis, Tennessee for \"\"a young Tom Hanks with light eyes and a quirky disposition.\"\" The casting team particularly taken by his thick Southern accent, he was selected", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 45 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "590604", "chunk_text": "\"Eliza Dushku\"\nIn 1993, Dushku landed a role as Pearl alongside Robert De Niro and Leonardo DiCaprio in \"\"This Boy's Life\"\", a role that she said opened a lot of doors. The following year, she played the teenage daughter of Arnold Schwarzenegger and Jamie Lee Curtis in \"\"True Lies\"\". She had parts as Paul Reiser's daughter in \"\"Bye Bye Love\"\", as Cindy Johnson in \"\"Race the Sun\"\", and in the television movie \"\"Journey\"\" and the short film \"\"Fishing with George\"\". Dushku intended to attend Suffolk University in Boston, where her mother taught at the time, but her agent asked her to submit", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 46 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16629139", "chunk_text": "\"Forrest Gump (character)\"\nForrest Gump (character) Forrest Gump is a fictional character and the protagonist of the 1986 novel by Winston Groom, Robert Zemeckis's 1994 film of the same name, and \"\"Gump and Co.\"\", the written sequel to Groom's novel. In the film, Forrest is a philanthropist and former war veteran, businessman, and college football player who bears witness to various significant occurrences in the 20th century. He exudes a compassionate, optimistic, and tenacious attitude in the face of countless setbacks and strives to help every person he meets despite his strong naivety. Throughout his life, he maintains a sincere love for his", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 47 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13735333", "chunk_text": "\"Trading Mom\"\nTrading Mom Trading Mom, also known as The Mommy Market, is a 1994 American fantasy/comedy film written and directed by Tia Brelis, based on her mother Nancy Brelis' homonymous book. It stars Sissy Spacek and Anna Chlumsky, and André the Giant. Elizabeth, Jeremy, and Harry Martin are three children who have had up to here with their nagging mother...a widowed strict workaholic who rarely spends quality time with, or even speaks to, them - except to criticize or scold them ever since their father had passed away. Following a disastrous last day of school (Principal Leeby finds Elizabeth holding -", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 48 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14173373", "chunk_text": "\"Mother (1996 film)\"\nfamous actress from the 1950s to play the role of Mother, and originally offered the role to retired actresses Nancy Reagan and Doris Day. Day turned down the offer; Reagan loved the script, and considered coming out of retirement for her first acting role in more than 40 years, but decided instead to stay home and care for her husband, Ronald Reagan, who was suffering from Alzheimer's disease. Brooks then asked his good friend Carrie Fisher if she could send the script to her mother, Debbie Reynolds, who accepted the part. Reynolds hadn't had a starring role since the late", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 49 } ]
test_3428	when did we find out the smoking man was mulder's father?	n/a	[ "Later in the sixth season", "in the sixth season" ]	[]	n/a	n/a	n/a	[]	[ { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1555579", "chunk_text": "\"Cigarette Smoking Man\"\ndestruction of the Syndicate. Later in the sixth season, there is more evidence that suggested that the Smoking Man is Mulder's biological father. Eventually in \"\"\"\", Smoking Man literally looks at Mulder and says \"\"I am your father.\"\", while Mulder has a flashback to his childhood of walking on the beach with his parents. Fowley comes in disagreement with him. Because of his plans to kill Mulder, Fowley helps Scully in her investigation to locate Mulder, which leads to her death. After the destruction of the Syndicate, the Smoking Man starts to operate as he wishes. However, his cancer resurfaces,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 0 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19513491", "chunk_text": "\"Fox Mulder\"\nsuicide, when the stress of Samantha's abduction finally becomes too painful. During the last years of his work on the X-Files, Mulder was even forced to doubt that Bill was his true father. He is led to consider the possibility that his mother had had an affair with the Smoking Man, a connection which may have resulted in the birth of either Samantha or Mulder himself. The possibility was hinted at later in the series, and Jeffrey Spender, who certainly was the Smoking Man's son, said that Mulder was his half-brother. In the ninth season, \"\"William\"\" explains that Spender and", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 1 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13490526", "chunk_text": "\"Musings of a Cigarette Smoking Man\"\non a meeting between Fox Mulder, Dana Scully, and the Lone Gunmen. Frohike claims to have discovered information about the Smoking Man's mysterious past, stating that his father was an executed communist spy and that his mother died of lung cancer, causing him to be raised in various Midwest orphanages. The narrative changes to 1962. The Smoking Man is an Army captain stationed at Fort Bragg in North Carolina. He talks to a friend and fellow soldier, Bill Mulder, who shows him a photo of his infant son, Fox. The Smoking Man is summoned to attend a meeting with a", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 2 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1962438", "chunk_text": "\"One Son\"\nDr. Openshaw, the Elders, and many others. However, this idea never panned out, and Carter and Spotnitz reframed the episode around narration, courtesy of the Smoking Man, whose scenes were completed under extreme pressure near the end of production. While the title of the previous episode, \"\"Two Fathers\"\", referred to both Bill Mulder and The Smoking Man, this episode was titled \"\"One Son\"\" to reflect the fact that Mulder was the only remaining son of either of these men, after the presumed death of Jeffrey Spender and the rejection of Alex Krycek. Several of the plot elements self-reference other episodes", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 3 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19513494", "chunk_text": "\"Fox Mulder\"\nseason seven the romantic undertones were confirmed when the two shared a kiss. In the series finale, the very last scene depicted Mulder and Scully after running away together, in bed together, contemplating what the future held. In the season 11 finale Scully revealed to be pregnant with his unborn child. Mulder's greatest nemesis was The Smoking Man, who, despite his obvious ill-intent, seemed to hold Mulder in special regard. Though he mocked Mulder to his face for his foolishness and the futility of his quest, in \"\"Two Fathers\"\", he told his son Jeffrey Spender, \"\"You pale to Fox Mulder.\"\"", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 4 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1555581", "chunk_text": "\"Cigarette Smoking Man\"\nSmoking Man. His condition has worsened since his disappearance, and he lives a primitive life in hiding from the \"\"New\"\" Syndicate. After taunting Mulder and Scully, he reveals to Scully what Mulder already knew, that the alien re-colonization of Earth is set for December 22, 2012. Shortly after, Smoking Man is again apparently killed by a rocket shot from a helicopter ordered by Knowle Rohrer. For the next 14 years, he is presumed dead. However, he appears again alive but seriously burned and disfigured at the end of \"\"My Struggle\"\" (2016), the first episode of \"\"The X-Files\"\" miniseries, stating that", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 5 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19513484", "chunk_text": "\"Fox Mulder\"\nhovers over the trio, which is where season ten ends. The beginning of season eleven reveals this vision came from Scully's son, William. Over the course of season eleven, Scully and Mulder search for William. Skinner learns from the Smoking Man, that the Smoking Man, who is Mulder's father, also artificially impregnated Scully, and thus is William's father as well. In the third episode of the eleventh season, \"\"Plus One\"\", Scully and Mulder are intimate again. In the season 11 finale, \"\"My Struggle IV\"\", she reveals to Mulder that she is pregnant with his child. Despite his aloofness and cynical", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 6 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1962430", "chunk_text": "\"One Son\"\nis actually his son. The Smoking Man tells Mulder that, many years ago, the Syndicate agreed by majority vote, against Bill Mulder's objections, to align themselves with the alien colonists to be spared during colonization. The Syndicate was forced to give up family members to the colonists as collateral so that an alien fetus could be given to the Syndicate in order for them to gain access to alien DNA, to make the human-alien hybrid possible. Since Bill Mulder was slow to agree, Samantha Mulder was not taken until after the others. Using the alien fetus, the Syndicate worked on", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 7 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1555580", "chunk_text": "\"Cigarette Smoking Man\"\nand he begins using a wheelchair and has a tracheotomy. In the end, Alex Krycek and Marita Covarrubias betray him in the episode \"\"Requiem\"\", throwing him down a flight of stairs, where they presume him to be dead. Until the ninth season episode \"\"William\"\", the Smoking Man is presumed dead. It is learned that his attempted murder of his son failed, which led him to subject his son to terrible experiments. In the series finale, \"\"The Truth\"\", Mulder and Scully travel through remote New Mexico and reach a pueblo where a \"\"wise man\"\" reputedly lives: he is, in fact, the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 8 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1962437", "chunk_text": "\"One Son\"\nwas necessary to explain the show's mythology; he called the episode the \"\"biggest chapter we had time to explore in the nine years we were on the air\"\". Writers for the series often struggled with writing \"\"mytharc\"\" episodes because there was a need to force as much material into them as possible, given their relative paucity compared to the \"\"Monster of the week\"\" episodes. Originally, a large portion of the episode was supposed to reveal the history of the Syndicate via flashback. Reportedly, these scenes would have featured younger versions of Bill Mulder (played by Peter Donat), The Smoking Man,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 9 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1555572", "chunk_text": "\"Cigarette Smoking Man\"\nhe had no surviving family, he became a ward of the state and was sent to various orphanages in the Midwest. He made no friends and spent most of his time reading. The same episode reveals that by the early 1960s he was a US Army captain involved in black ops and intelligence, and that he served alongside Fox Mulder's father, Bill. The Smoking Man was already involved in the arming of anti-Castro rebels in Cuba and the assassinations of Patrice Lumumba and Rafael Trujillo before he was enlisted by a secret cabal to assassinate President John Fitzgerald Kennedy in", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 10 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6421247", "chunk_text": "\"Two Fathers\"\npatient, Cassandra Spender, who had been missing for over a year. Walter Skinner takes her son, Jeffrey Spender, to the scene, where he meets with his mother. Cassandra refuses to talk with Jeffrey about what happened to her because she knows that he won't believe her. She asks for Fox Mulder (David Duchovny). Spender then 'asks' Mulder to join him to meet his mother, but Mulder sees it as an attempt to entrap him. Later on, Dr. Openshaw informs the Cigarette Smoking Man (William B. Davis) about the completion of the project, saying he needs to kill his former wife", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 11 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15148188", "chunk_text": "\"Alex Krycek\"\nMulder's father, William \"\"Bill\"\" Mulder. Krycek also assaults Assistant Director Walter Skinner and acquires a secret tape from him which reveals a US government coverup regarding alien visits to Earth. After a botched attempt on Scully results in the death of her sister, the Cigarette Smoking Man attempts to kill Krycek with a car bomb, but Krycek escapes. Krycek is later found to have been selling the secrets from the encrypted MJ files. Under the influence of the black oil, Krycek returns the tape to the Smoking Man, in return for knowledge of the location of an alien ship. The", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 12 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1555576", "chunk_text": "\"Cigarette Smoking Man\"\nthe eleventh-season episode \"\"My Struggle III,\"\" the Cigarette-Smoking Man reveals his name to be Carl Gerhard Busch (the name of series creator Chris Carter's grandfather). In his first appearance in the series, he oversees FBI agent Dana Scully's (Gillian Anderson) briefing and debriefing, and later disposes of evidence Fox Mulder (David Duchovny) and Scully had brought back from their investigation of an alien abduction. With the Smoking Man hiding truth from the public, Mulder seeks to reveal it to the public and the truth about the disappearance of his sister, Samantha. This leads to a rivalry that lasts until the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 13 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3526901", "chunk_text": "\"Demons (The X-Files)\"\nMulder's apparent father, and Cigarette-Smoking Man and Mulder's mother; then we started backfilling with an historical connection.\"\" Carter explained that the episode was the start of the series' greater conspiracy: \"\"It's an interesting development because it really was the development of the conspiracy. The elements of the conspiracy were part of his development. But [The Smoking Man's] back story, of course, intertwined with Mulder's.\"\" For this episode, actor Chris Owens reprised his role as The Smoking Man; he had previously played him in the season's earlier episode \"\"Musings of a Cigarette Smoking Man\"\". The episode is based around the idea", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 14 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1555577", "chunk_text": "\"Cigarette Smoking Man\"\nend of the series. In later seasons, it is revealed that he is a member of a group known as the Syndicate, a shadowy organization within the United States government. The episode \"\"Two Fathers\"\" reveals his birthname or alias as C.G.B. Spender, and that he was formerly married to Cassandra Spender, with whom he had a son, Jeffrey Spender. He recruits FBI Special Agent Diana Fowley to be a subordinate of his because she has a close relationship with Mulder. In \"\"One Son\"\", Jeffrey finds out that his father, the Smoking Man, forced his mother Cassandra to undergo medical treatments", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 15 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4531584", "chunk_text": "\"Samantha Mulder\"\ncalled April Air Force Base in California. Once there, she was held captive along with Jeffrey Spender, and was the subject of many torturous hybrid tests at the hands of the Cigarette Smoking Man, who she was brainwashed to believe was her father. Over time, Samantha grew to hate the tests and the scientists who mercilessly performed them on her. Unable to bear the pain of the testing any longer, in 1979 at age 14, six years after being taken from her original home, Samantha ran away. She believed that all those performing the tests had erased most of her", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 16 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1040414", "chunk_text": "\"Paper Clip\"\ncome after him. The Smoking Man lies to the rest of the Syndicate, telling them that Scully's would-be assassin was killed in the car bombing and that the tape has been destroyed with him. Mulder and Scully return to Klemper's greenhouse, finding the Well Manicured Man there. He admits to knowing Mulder's father and states that he helped gather genetic data for post-apocalyptic identification, data Klemper used to work on alien-human hybrids. Samantha was taken to ensure Bill Mulder's silence after he learned of the experiments. Mulder confronts his mother, who tells him that his father chose that Samantha be", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 17 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10356536", "chunk_text": "\"Jeffrey Spender\"\nAgents Fox Mulder and Dana Scully in 1998. The same year, the \"\"Cigarette Smoking Man\"\" began sending him letters; however Spender returned them unopened. After his father set fire to The X-Files in \"\"The End\"\", Spender with Agent Diana Fowley start working on the X-Files. Spender got orders from the \"\"Cigarette Smoking Man\"\" to push and eventually get Mulder and Scully fired from the FBI, which he eventually does in \"\"Two Fathers\"\". Later on he reinstates Mulder and Scully to The X-Files but is shot in the head and apparently killed by his father in \"\"One Son\"\". Three years later", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 18 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6421250", "chunk_text": "\"Two Fathers\"\nthe X-Files office is discovered by Agent Spender, resulting in both agents' immediate suspension from the FBI. Agent Spender, who then reports to the Cigarette Smoking Man demanding the truth. Scully meets with Mulder, telling him that C.G.B. Spender is likely another alias and that the man is linked with Mulder's father, William, who he had worked with on the secret state project. The Cigarette Smoking Man decides to give Agent Spender more responsibility by having him kill the alien rebel masquerading as a Syndicate elder. Spender fails in his task, but Krycek comes to his aid and finishes. Krycek", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 19 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1555584", "chunk_text": "\"Cigarette Smoking Man\"\nof alien technology. In the season 11 finale \"\"My Struggle IV\"\", the Smoking Man and Reyes follow Mulder, Scully and Skinner to an abandoned factory where they are chasing down William. Skinner points a gun at them and shoots Reyes dead, and the Smoking Man runs Skinner over in his car. The Smoking Man confronts \"\"Mulder\"\" (who is actually William in disguise) by a waterfront, and during the standoff shoots him in the head and causes him to fall into the water. The real Mulder appears and shoots the Smoking Man, who realizes that he has killed William, and he", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 20 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10356535", "chunk_text": "\"Jeffrey Spender\"\nhe sees and helps to kill an alien rebel. Spender was a skeptic who was assigned to The X-Files after Fox Mulder's forced leave. Spender is the son of the \"\"Cigarette Smoking Man\"\", and the \"\"Cigarette Smoking Man's\"\" ex-wife, multiple abductee Cassandra Spender. Heavily involved in the Syndicate at that time, the \"\"Cigarette Smoking Man\"\" abandoned the family when Spender was 12 years old. Subsequently, his mother was driven insane by what she claims were multiple alien abductions. Shortly after Samantha Mulder was abducted and then returned, Jeffrey and Samantha were raised together by his father in California. Spender met", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 21 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1555571", "chunk_text": "\"Cigarette Smoking Man\"\nmost of the history of the Smoking Man is never categorically confirmed. One possible version of his past is provided during the fourth-season episode \"\"Musings of a Cigarette Smoking Man\"\", in which the conspiracy theorists known as The Lone Gunmen claim Smoking Man was first documented in Baton Rouge, Louisiana, on August 20, 1940. His father was an ardent communist activist and a spy for the Soviet NKVD who was executed under the Espionage Act of 1917 \"\"before his boy could walk\"\". His mother was a cigarette smoker who died from lung cancer, also when he was an infant. Since", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 22 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1555592", "chunk_text": "\"Cigarette Smoking Man\"\ncharacters back before, in flashbacks or more paranormal ways. The great thing about \"\"The X-Files\"\" is that anything can happen.\"\" The Smoking Man is the only character in the series, in addition to Mulder and Scully, to appear in both the first episode, \"\"pilot\"\" and the last, \"\"The Truth\"\" of the series. Portraying actor William B. Davis was listed as CIA Agent in the first season episode \"\"Young at Heart\"\", instead of his usual character, the Smoking Man. Actor Chris Owens for a time portrayed the Smoking Man as a young man in flashbacks. He later plays his son, Jeffrey", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 23 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15728802", "chunk_text": "\"The Sixth Extinction II: Amor Fati\"\nFans did not readily accept that The Smoking Man was Mulder's father. Davis, who portrayed The Smoking Man, noted that fans did not believe the revelation because \"\"part of the mystique of it was that everybody had their own idea of what was going on.\"\" The dialogue in the episode proved difficult for Anderson to present believably. She was troubled that her character was arguing against the existence of extraterrestrials, when in the previous episode her character had encountered an alien shipwreck. When she talked to Carter, she said that she did not \"\"know if [she could] do this anymore\"\"", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 24 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6421249", "chunk_text": "\"Two Fathers\"\nplanets. She claims that a rebel force of aliens are mutilating their faces to prevent infection by the black oil. Alex Krycek reports to the Syndicate on the rebel's recent attacks. The rebel, masquerading as the elder he killed, proposes that the Syndicate align themselves with the rebels. The Cigarette Smoking Man seems to recognize that the elder has opposed his own previous opinion—that siding with the rebels is suicide. Mulder and Scully use the computer on the X-Files' office to find the Cigarette Smoking Man's real identity, that he is Agent Spender's father, C.G.B. Spender. Their unauthorized entry at", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 25 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13490544", "chunk_text": "\"Musings of a Cigarette Smoking Man\"\nMusings of a Cigarette Smoking Man \"\"Musings of a Cigarette Smoking Man\"\" is the seventh episode of the fourth season of the science fiction television series \"\"The X-Files\"\". It premiered on the Fox network in the United States on November 17, 1996. It was written by Glen Morgan, directed by James Wong, and featured the first guest appearance by Chris Owens, appearing as a younger Smoking Man. \"\"Musings of a Cigarette Smoking Man\"\" earned a Nielsen household rating of 10.7, being watched by 17.09 million people in its initial broadcast. The episode received mostly positive reviews from television critics. The", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 26 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13490523", "chunk_text": "\"Musings of a Cigarette Smoking Man\"\nMusings of a Cigarette Smoking Man \"\"Musings of a Cigarette Smoking Man\"\" is the seventh episode of the fourth season of the science fiction television series \"\"The X-Files\"\". It premiered on the Fox network in the United States on November 17, 1996. It was written by Glen Morgan, directed by James Wong, and featured the first guest appearance by Chris Owens, appearing as a younger Smoking Man. \"\"Musings of a Cigarette Smoking Man\"\" earned a Nielsen household rating of 10.7, being watched by 17.09 million people in its initial broadcast. The episode received mostly positive reviews from television critics. The", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 27 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1962434", "chunk_text": "\"One Son\"\nabruptly leaving the room. Heading to the X-Files office in the basement, Spender finds The Smoking Man, who first berates Spender for not being like Mulder and then shoots him in the head. \"\"One Son\"\" concluded not only the story that had begun in the preceding episode, \"\"Two Fathers\"\", but also a large portion of the series' mythology, much of which had been centered around the Syndicate. The producers felt this was necessary as the Syndicate's story arc was becoming a \"\"narrative drag\"\" on the series, and that many questions from the past five seasons were still unanswered. Another impetus", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 28 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1555587", "chunk_text": "\"Cigarette Smoking Man\"\nchoices others are not. The Smoking Man is involved in the Syndicate, a shadow organization which includes members of the United States government that exists to hide from the public the fact that aliens are planning to colonize Earth. The Smoking Man often ruthlessly protects the secrets of the conspiracy, and serves as the main antagonist to Mulder, who has an equally consuming devotion to reveal the truth in the first seven seasons. His stated justification is a desire to prevent the alien colonization for as long as possible; in the episode \"\"One Breath\"\", he tells Mulder that he is", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 29 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14501985", "chunk_text": "\"Jeffrey Spender\"\na disfigured Spender in the episode \"\"William\"\" initially led agents Scully, Doggett and Reyes to believe he was Mulder thus lending further credence to Spender's claim that both he and Mulder are the children of the \"\"Cigarette Smoking Man\"\". He reappears in \"\"My Struggle III,\"\" having received reconstructive surgery. He warns Mulder and Scully that government agents are seeking out William. Chris Owens had previously portrayed the Cigarette Smoking Man in the episodes, \"\"Musings of a Cigarette Smoking Man\"\" and \"\"Demons\"\", he had portrayed The Great Mutato in \"\"The Post-Modern Prometheus\"\" on the show before being cast as Spender. Owens", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 30 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1555568", "chunk_text": "\"Cigarette Smoking Man\"\nCigarette Smoking Man Cigarette Smoking Man (abbreviated CSM or C-Man; sometimes referred to as Cancer Man or the Smoking Man) is a fictional character and one of the primary antagonists of the Fox science fiction-supernatural television series \"\"The X-Files\"\". He serves as the arch-nemesis of FBI Special Agent Fox Mulder. In the show's sixth season, his name is said to be C.G.B. Spender, but Dana Scully suggests this is one of \"\"hundreds of aliases\"\"; the show's characters and fans continue to refer to him by variations of \"\"the Smoking Man\"\" because he is almost always seen chain-smoking Morley cigarettes. In", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 31 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1962446", "chunk_text": "\"One Son\"\nfamily. Meghan Deans of Tor.com wrote that the Syndicate handing over their family and loved ones to save the world was evidence of this permeating theme. She also highlighted the duality of fathers and sons. The Smoking Man is both a father to Mulder and Spender, but he favors Mulder. At the same time, both Spender and Krycek vie for the position of \"\"son,\"\" with the former falling from The Smoking Man's grace, and the latter playing the role of \"\"prodigal son\"\". However, both Spender and Krycek eventually fail, leaving Mulder as the titular \"\"one son\"\". Neal Justin of the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 32 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1555583", "chunk_text": "\"Cigarette Smoking Man\"\nIt is revealed that the Smoking Man is trying to find Scully's son William in order to fulfill his plans, and that he is in conflict with a group led by two other surviving Syndicate members, who want the Smoking Man dead in order to carry out their own agenda. The Smoking Man approaches Walter Skinner to make him a deal, and offers him a chance to survive the end of humanity in exchange for Skinner helping him find William. The Smoking Man also reveals he was responsible for the creation of William, as he impregnated Scully with the use", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 33 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5558809", "chunk_text": "\"Beyond the Sea (The X-Files)\"\nplay a paternal role to the agents in later episodes, including Deep Throat, the Cigarette-Smoking Man and Senator Matheson. Both of the protagonists have deep-rooted family issues and this episode is the beginning of the exploration of that story arc. A motif often employed in the show is that of mirroring, doubling or cloning. Scully's relationship with her father, first dealt with in \"\"Beyond the Sea\"\", is mirrored by that of Mulder's with his father—also named William—who dies at the end of the second season. Comparisons have been drawn between the character of Dana Scully and that of FBI student", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 34 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3832764", "chunk_text": "\"Fox Mulder\"\ncharacter for the tenth and eleventh seasons. Mulder made his first appearance in the first season pilot episode, broadcast in 1993. Mulder believes in extraterrestrial unidentified flying objects (UFOs) and a government conspiracy to hide or deny the truth of their existence. Mulder considers the X-Files and the truth behind the supposed conspiracy so important that he has made them the main focus of his life. Mulder was born on October 13, 1961 in Chilmark, Massachusetts. The mysterious disappearance of Mulder's sister and his ensuing search for her became the consuming drive of his life. In 1982, Mulder graduated with", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 35 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13482545", "chunk_text": "\"The Truth (The X-Files)\"\ncan make sense of the classified documents Mulder has read. They discover the so-called \"\"wise man\"\" is none other than The Smoking Man (William B. Davis), who, still alive after all, is hiding out to survive the colonization—an event that will happen on December 22, 2012, the predicted end of the world. Outside, Reyes and Doggett arrive and prepare to fight Rohrer, who has been sent to kill Mulder and The Smoking Man. Rohrer is killed when the magnetite in the ruins affects his superhuman body. Switching cars with Mulder and Scully, Doggett and Reyes drive off. Black helicopters destroy", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 36 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2601192", "chunk_text": "\"The X-Files\"\nMulder appear more credible. They were originally meant to appear in only that episode, but due to their popularity, they returned in the second-season episode \"\"Blood\"\" and became recurring characters. Cigarette Smoking Man portrayed by William B. Davis, was initially cast as an extra in the pilot episode. His character, however, grew into the main antagonist. During the early stages of production, Carter founded Ten Thirteen Productions and began to plan for filming the pilot in Los Angeles. However, unable to find suitable locations for many scenes, he decided to \"\"go where the good forests are\"\" and moved production to", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 37 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6421251", "chunk_text": "\"Two Fathers\"\nreveals to Spender that his father was responsible for his mother's (Cassandra's) abductions and that his role is to protect his father's stake in the project. This fact upsets Agent Spender. The Cigarette Smoking Man then reveals everything to Agent Diana Fowley, who agrees to help him. Mulder tells Skinner that Cassandra is in danger because she is the first successful alien-human hybrid; Skinner goes to the hospital to check on Cassandra but finds her gone. Cassandra, having escaped from the hospital, arrives at Mulder's apartment and demands that he shoot her because she is the embodiment of fifty years", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 38 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1548700", "chunk_text": "\"Within (The X-Files)\"\nDoggett. At the same time, Doggett believes that to find Mulder they must first find the whereabouts of Praise. They locate him in Flemingtown, Arizona, in the middle of the desert. By the time Doggett's taskforce arrives, he has already escaped via a window and is leaving for a desert hill top with another person: Mulder. The seventh season was a time of closure for \"\"The X-Files\"\". Characters within the show were written out, including The Smoking Man (William B. Davis) and Mulder's mother (Rebecca Toolan), and several plot threads were resolved, including the fate of Fox Mulder's sister Samantha.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 39 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1555569", "chunk_text": "\"Cigarette Smoking Man\"\nthe eleventh season, he reveals his full name to be Carl Gerhard Busch. Although he utters only four audible words in the entire first season of the show, the Smoking Man eventually develops into the series' primary antagonist. In his early appearances he is seen in the offices of Section Chief Scott Blevins and Assistant Director Walter Skinner, Mulder and his partner Dana Scully's supervisors. An influential man working for the powers that be, he is a key member in a government-conspiracy unit known only as the Syndicate, who are hiding the truth of alien existence and their plan to", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 40 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16324217", "chunk_text": "\"My Struggle IV\"\ncar; Skinner is seemingly crushed between two cars. The Cigarette Smoking Man confronts William (still under the disguise of Mulder) on the waterfront. William taunts him, challenging him to kill \"\"Mulder\"\". The Cigarette Smoking Man shoots him in the head and he falls into the water, mirroring Scully's vision of Mulder's death. The real Mulder appears, shooting the Cigarette Smoking Man, who realizes that he has killed William. He falls into the water and his body is carried away by the current. In the aftermath, Mulder and Scully comfort one another. Scully accepts that while William is her biological child,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 41 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19274090", "chunk_text": "\"Mythology of The X-Files\"\nhappening, also is part of their own motives which allegedly involves space colonization with a select few, something which they feel can't be done if the Smoking Man's plans succeed. The two groups are also after Scully's son William, with the revelation that the Smoking Man is his father. It is mentioned by former Syndicate member Mr. Y (who is on the side opposing the Smoking Man) that the colonization hasn't taken place as the aliens abandoned their plans due to global warming on earth. Although published in 2013, prior to the broadcast of Season 10, the comic book series", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 42 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13490538", "chunk_text": "\"Musings of a Cigarette Smoking Man\"\nin the series to not feature Mulder, and it featured Scully only in archival footage from \"\"Pilot\"\". While it was not the intention of the show's writers to give the lead actors \"\"a week off\"\", this effectively came to passa turn of events with which Duchovny was very pleased. \"\"Musings of a Cigarette Smoking Man\"\" premiered on the Fox network on November 17, 1996. This episode earned a Nielsen rating of 10.7, with a 15 share, meaning that roughly 10.7 percent of all television-equipped households, and 15 percent of households watching television, were tuned in to the episode. It was", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 43 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13086832", "chunk_text": "\"One Son\"\nvaccine and that the colonists will begin colonization if they learn of Cassandra's existence as an alien-human hybrid. Scully, with help of the Lone Gunmen, looks into Fowley's personal history and informs Mulder that Fowley has been collecting data on alien abductees—MUFON—in Tunisia almost every week, although there is no trace of her activities in FBI records. Although Mulder still trusts Fowley, he goes to her apartment to confront her. Inside the apartment, Mulder's search for clues is interrupted by the arrival of The Smoking Man, who tells Mulder that he has been betrayed by Jeffrey Spender (Chris Owens), who", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 44 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13536292", "chunk_text": "\"My Struggle III\"\nCarter had already planned the solution to \"\"My Struggle II\"\", while it was in production. The episode is notorious for completely changing a respective part of the show's mythology: revealing that Mulder is not William's father, but that Cigarette Smoking Man had drugged and raped (\"\"artificially impregnated\"\") Scully years ago. This also answers a respective scene from season 7 episode \"\"En Ami\"\" in which Scully woke up in a room in pajamas during a road trip with the Cigarette Smoking Man, accusing him of drugging her. The dialogue in the scene was slightly altered. According to Chris Carter, he planned", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 45 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4531581", "chunk_text": "\"Samantha Mulder\"\nwho he claims is, and who herself believes to be, Samantha. She tells Mulder that she has children of her own, thought that her mother had died some time ago, and believed Cigarette Smoking Man to be her father. She leaves abruptly during the meeting, and is never seen again. According to Cassandra Spender, she was indeed another clone, but not the real Samantha. Samantha's true storyline is revealed and presumably resolved in the seventh season episode \"\"Closure\"\". In that episode, Dana Scully watches a 1989 tape in which Mulder undergoes hypnotic regression therapy, which another agent describes as \"\"garden-variety", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 46 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1962401", "chunk_text": "\"Two Fathers\"\nTwo Fathers \"\"Two Fathers\"\" is the eleventh episode of the sixth season and the 128th episode overall of the science fiction television series \"\"The X-Files\"\". The episode first aired in the United States and Canada on February 7, 1999, on the Fox Network and subsequently aired in the United Kingdom on Sky1. It was written by executive producers Chris Carter and Frank Spotnitz and directed by Kim Manners. The episode earned a Nielsen rating of 11.5, a total of 18.81 million viewers. The episode received mostly positive reviews. The show centers on FBI special agents Fox Mulder (David Duchovny) and", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 47 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11565025", "chunk_text": "\"Dana Scully\"\nWilliam. Over the course of season eleven, Scully and Mulder search for William. Skinner learns from the Smoking Man, that the Smoking Man, who is Mulder's father, also artificially impregnated Scully, and thus is William's father as well. In the third episode of the eleventh season, \"\"Plus One\"\", Scully and Mulder are intimate again. In the season 11 finale, \"\"My Struggle IV\"\", she reveals to Mulder that she is pregnant with his child. Chris Carter named Scully after his favorite sportscaster, Vin Scully of the Los Angeles Dodgers. John Doggett was likewise named after Vin Scully's longtime broadcasting partner, Jerry", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 48 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15728793", "chunk_text": "\"The Sixth Extinction II: Amor Fati\"\na hospital. After administering a drug that cures his paralysis, The Smoking Man reveals himself to be Mulder's father and takes him from the hospital. Meanwhile, Kritschgau visits Scully and claims that Mulder's contact with the shard of an alien spaceship has reawakened the extraterrestrial black oil with which he was infected three years previously; because he is infected with the virus, Mulder is proof of alien life. Skinner, who has been looking for Mulder, tells Scully that Mulder's mother signed him out of the hospital. The Smoking Man takes Mulder to an unfamiliar neighborhood; inside a new home, he", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 49 } ]
test_3429	where does new york drinking water come from?	n/a	[ "the eastern Catskill Mountains" ]	[]	n/a	n/a	n/a	[]	[ { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16881718", "chunk_text": "\"New York City water supply system\"\nday of drinking water to more than eight million city residents, another one million users in four upstate counties bordering on the water supply system, and visitors to the region. Three separate sub-systems, each consisting of aqueducts and reservoirs, bring water from Upstate New York to New York City: The latter two aqueducts provide 90% of New York City's drinking water, and the watershed for these aqueducts extends a combined . Two-fifths of the watershed is owned by the New York City, state, or local governments, or by private conservancies. The rest of the watershed is private property that is", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 0 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12571830", "chunk_text": "\"New York City\"\nand 2050 to reduce the city's contributions to climate change, beginning with a comprehensive \"\"Green Buildings\"\" plan. New York City is supplied with drinking water by the protected Catskill Mountains watershed. As a result of the watershed's integrity and undisturbed natural water filtration system, New York is one of only four major cities in the United States the majority of whose drinking water is pure enough not to require purification by water treatment plants. The city's municipal water system is the largest in the United States, moving over one billion gallons of water per day. The Croton Watershed north of", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 1 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5029495", "chunk_text": "Manhattan\nthe United States the majority of whose drinking water is pure enough not to require purification by water treatment plants. The Croton Watershed north of the city is undergoing construction of a US$3.2 billion water purification plant to augment New York City's water supply by an estimated 290 million gallons daily, representing a greater than 20% addition to the city's current availability of water. Manhattan, surrounded by two brackish rivers, had a limited supply of fresh water. To satisfy its growing population, the City of New York acquired land in adjacent Westchester County and constructed the old Croton Aqueduct system", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 2 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15086861", "chunk_text": "\"Food and water in New York City\"\nfood safety, New York City also has a restaurant-grading system that it introduced in 2010. Because of its various food programs, New York City has become a model for food systems internationally. Government officials, labor organizers, non-profits, community advocacy groups, and residents have a great dependency on rural farmers who develop New York City's local food shed. The process of linking agriculture with New York City’s urban markets has been largely built upon the fact that New York City's water supply comes from the protected Catskill Mountains watershed in Upstate New York. New York City's water supply system, the largest", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 3 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15086862", "chunk_text": "\"Food and water in New York City\"\nsurface storage and supply complex in the world, yields of water daily, with most of this water originating upstate. This water is unfiltered, and a filtration system would require $8–10 billion in construction as well as $1 million in daily maintenance. Instead, New York City's watershed is protected by severe New York City Department of Environmental Protection restrictions that prevent pathogens and nutrients from entering the water supply. As a result of protection of the watershed, New York is one of four major cities in the United States with drinking water that is pure enough to not require purification by", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 4 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11619533", "chunk_text": "\"Drinking water supply and sanitation in the United States\"\ndisinfection, because their water sources are located in the upper reaches of protected watersheds and thus are naturally very pure. Boston receives most of its water from the Quabbin and Wachusett Reservoirs and the Ware River in central and western Massachusetts. New York City's water supply is fed by a watershed in the Catskill Mountains. The watershed is in one of the largest protected wilderness areas in the United States. San Francisco obtains 85% of its drinking water from high Sierra snowmelt through the Hetch Hetchy Reservoir in Yosemite National Park. However, to supplement the imported water supply, and to", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 5 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11619516", "chunk_text": "\"Drinking water supply and sanitation in the United States\"\nNew York City was one of the first cities in the U.S. to tap water resources outside the city limits. It dammed the Croton River in Westchester County, New York, and built an aqueduct from the reservoir to the city. Also in 1842, construction was completed on Chicago's first water works, with water mains made of cedar and a water intake located about into Lake Michigan. In 1848, Boston began construction of a water transmission system. A tributary of the Sudbury River was impounded creating Lake Cochituate, from where the Cochituate Aqueduct transported water to the Brookline Reservoir that fed", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 6 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14696658", "chunk_text": "\"New York metropolitan area\"\nwith drinking water by the protected Catskill Mountains watershed. As a result of the watershed's integrity and undisturbed natural water filtration system, New York is one of only four major cities in the United States the majority of whose drinking water is pure enough not to require purification by water treatment plants. The Croton Watershed north of the city is undergoing construction of a US$3.2 billion water purification plant to augment New York City's water supply by an estimated 290 million gallons daily, representing a greater than 20% addition to the city's current availability of water. The ongoing expansion of", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 7 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16881721", "chunk_text": "\"New York City water supply system\"\na cost of over $3 billion, was built under Van Cortlandt Park in the Bronx and filters water from the Croton River. The plant, which is bigger than Yankee Stadium, is New York City's first water filtration plant. It was built after a 1998 lawsuit by the presidential administration of Bill Clinton, which Mayor Rudy Giuliani settled under the condition that the city of New York would build the plant by 2006. The city had been studying possible sites for such a plant for more than 20 years in both the Bronx and Westchester. From the Hillview reservoir water flows", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 8 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17858405", "chunk_text": "\"New York City water supply system\"\nNew York City water supply system New York City's water supply system is one of the most extensive municipal water systems in the world. This complex system relies on a combination of aqueducts, reservoirs, and tunnels to meet the daily needs of New York City's more than eight million residents and its many visitors. Thanks to well-protected wilderness watersheds, New York's water treatment process is simpler than in other American cities. One advantage of the system is that 95% of the total water supply is supplied by gravity. The other 5% needs to be pumped to maintain pressure, but this", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 9 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7954428", "chunk_text": "\"New York City water supply system\"\nservices provided by the water and wastewater utility systems of the City of New York. The five Board members are appointed to two-year terms by the Mayor. New York City's water system consists of aqueducts, distribution pipes, reservoirs, and water tunnels that channel drinking water to residents and visitors. A comprehensive raised-relief map of the system is on display at the Queens Museum of Art. Until the early 21st century, some places in southeastern Queens received their water from local wells of the former Jamaica Water Supply Company. The water system has a storage capacity of and provides over per", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 10 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2666775", "chunk_text": "\"Deposit (town), New York\"\nThe Delaware Aqueduct then continues through the West Branch Reservoir in Putnam County and the Kensico Reservoir in Westchester County north of the city. The aqueduct continues further south through the Hillview Reservoir in Yonkers, and then continues through The Bronx, Queens, and Brooklyn, eventually ending in Staten Island, providing New York City with about 50% of their drinking water. Owned by an undisclosed owner in the town of Deposit, the location of the Cannonsville Turnover (located off Old Rt.10) could be considered a powerful source of water power if owned by the government. Besides the water power potential, the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 11 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14738931", "chunk_text": "\"New York City\"\nthe city is undergoing construction of a US$3.2 billion water purification plant to augment New York City's water supply by an estimated 290 million gallons daily, representing a greater than 20% addition to the city's current availability of water. The ongoing expansion of New York City Water Tunnel No. 3, an integral part of the New York City water supply system, is the largest capital construction project in the city's history, with segments serving Manhattan and The Bronx completed, and with segments serving Brooklyn and Queens planned for construction in 2020. In 2018, New York City announced a US$1 billion", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 12 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "431935", "chunk_text": "Manhattan\non exporting its trash to far-flung areas. New York City has the largest clean-air diesel-hybrid and compressed natural gas bus fleet, which also operates in Manhattan, in the country. It also has some of the first hybrid taxis, most of which operate in Manhattan. There are many hospitals in Manhattan, including two of the 25 largest in the United States (as of 2017): New York City is supplied with drinking water by the protected Catskill Mountains watershed. As a result of the watershed's integrity and undisturbed natural water filtration system, New York is one of only four major cities in", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 13 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11619537", "chunk_text": "\"Drinking water supply and sanitation in the United States\"\nspecifically northern California and the Colorado River. The cities on the Mississippi River are supplied by water from that river except for Memphis. The metropolitan area of Atlanta receives 70% of its water from the Chattahoochee River and another 28% from the Etowah, Flint, Ocmulgee and Oconee rivers. Chicago is supplied by water from Lake Michigan and Detroit receives its water from the Detroit River. Philadelphia receives 60% of its water from the Delaware River and 40% from the Schuylkill River. Washington, D.C. receives its water from the Potomac River through the Washington Aqueduct. Miami and its metropolitan area obtain", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 14 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6721342", "chunk_text": "\"Matthew Mahoney (New York)\"\nMatthew Mahoney (New York) Matthew Mahoney is the Associate Commissioner for Public Affairs, at the New York City Department of Environmental Protection (DEP). DEP manages the City's water supply, providing more than 1 billion US gallons (3,800,000 m3) of water each day to more than 9 million residents, including 8 million in New York City. New York City's water is delivered from a watershed that extends more than 125 miles (201 km) from the City, and comprises 19 reservoirs, and three controlled lakes. Approximately 7,000 miles (11,000 km) of water mains, tunnels and aqueducts bring water to homes and businesses", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 15 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12817901", "chunk_text": "\"Delaware Aqueduct\"\ndeprive New York City of nearly half its water supply. To compensate, the NYCDEP is making improvements to other parts of the system. Delaware Aqueduct The Delaware Aqueduct is the newest of the New York City aqueducts. It takes water from the Rondout Reservoir through the Chelsea Pump Station, the West Branch Reservoir, and the Kensico Reservoir, ending at the Hillview Reservoir in Yonkers, New York. The aqueduct was constructed between 1939 and 1945, and carries approximately half of the New York City water supply of per day. At long and wide, the Delaware Aqueduct is one of the world's", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 16 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12561916", "chunk_text": "\"New Croton Reservoir\"\nNew Croton Reservoir The New Croton reservoir is a narrow reservoir in Westchester County, New York, lying approximately north of New York City, for which the reservoir supplies water. It is the collecting point for water from all reservoirs in the Croton Watershed. The original reservoir was called Croton Lake, and was New York City's first source of water not located in the city itself. The reservoir was created in 1842 by damming the Croton River, a tributary of the Hudson River. Around the turn of the 20th century, the City of New York enlarged the reservoir by constructing the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 17 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5019369", "chunk_text": "\"Environmental issues in New York City\"\nensure its purity at the tap under normal conditions. However, all groundwater entering New York City's distribution system is treated with chlorine, fluoride, food-grade phosphoric acid, and, in some cases, sodium hydroxide. New York City uses chlorine to meet the New York State Sanitary Code and federal Safe Drinking Water Act disinfection requirements. Fluoride, at a concentration of one part per million, is added to help prevent tooth decay and has been added since 1966 in accordance with the New York City Health Code. Phosphoric acid is added to create a protective film on pipes that reduces the release of", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 18 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4474797", "chunk_text": "\"Croton Aqueduct\"\nCroton Aqueduct The Croton Aqueduct or Old Croton Aqueduct was a large and complex water distribution system constructed for New York City between 1837 and 1842. The great aqueducts, which were among the first in the United States, carried water by gravity from the Croton River in Westchester County to reservoirs in Manhattan. It was built because local water resources had become polluted and inadequate for the growing population of the city. Although the aqueduct was largely superseded by the New Croton Aqueduct, which was built in 1890, the Old Croton Aqueduct remained in service until 1955. The island of", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 19 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11619532", "chunk_text": "\"Drinking water supply and sanitation in the United States\"\nthan systems served by surface water, only 34% of Americans (101 million) are supplied with treated groundwater, while 66% (195 million) are supplied with surface water. For a surface water system to operate without filtration it has to fulfill certain criteria set by the EPA under its Surface Water Treatment Rule, including the implementation of a watershed control program. The water system of New York City has repeatedly fulfilled these criteria. Boston, New York City, San Francisco, Denver, and Portland, Oregon are among the large cities in the U.S. that do not need to treat their surface water sources beyond", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 20 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3878331", "chunk_text": "\"Drinking water quality legislation of the United States\"\nauthority to create and modify the State Sanitary Code. Part 5 of the New York State Sanitary Code (10NYCRR5) regulates water supply. Public water supply regulation in New York predates the Federal Safe Drinking Water Act by decades. As in California, New York has over the years, in accordance with 40CFR142, modified its sanitary code to implement the rules in the federal code. Occasionally, the Public Health Law is also amended to regulate water supply, e.g. Article 11 of the NY Public Health Law. The Environmental Conservation Code regulates the sources and districting of water supply. Other laws that govern", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 21 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17316595", "chunk_text": "\"Croton Aqueduct\"\nManhattan, surrounded by brackish rivers, had a limited supply of fresh water available, which dwindled as the city grew rapidly after the American Revolutionary War, and fresh water sources became polluted by effluent. Before the aqueduct was constructed, residents of New York obtained water from cisterns, wells, natural springs, and other bodies of water. But rapid population growth in the 19th century, and encroachment on these areas as Manhattan moved further north of Wall Street, led to the pollution of many local fresh water sources. Below Grand Street, a small number of well-off customers of the Manhattan Company had fresh", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 22 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6721347", "chunk_text": "\"Matthew Mahoney (New York)\"\nmeetings and briefings at the City's Emergency Operations Center as a member of the Mayor's Executive Staff. Matthew lives with his wife and two children in Staten Island, New York. Matthew Mahoney (New York) Matthew Mahoney is the Associate Commissioner for Public Affairs, at the New York City Department of Environmental Protection (DEP). DEP manages the City's water supply, providing more than 1 billion US gallons (3,800,000 m3) of water each day to more than 9 million residents, including 8 million in New York City. New York City's water is delivered from a watershed that extends more than 125 miles", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 23 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18066300", "chunk_text": "\"Public water system\"\n(e.g. New York) have varying definitions. Over 286 million Americans get their tap water from a community water system. Eight percent of the community water systems—large municipal water systems—provide water to 82 percent of the US population. The United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) has defined three types of public water systems: There are over 150,000 public water systems. EPA also classifies water systems according to the number of people they serve: Water systems may be categorized by their source of water: Sources of drinking water are subject to contamination and require appropriate treatment to remove disease-causing contaminants. Contamination of", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 24 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16881722", "chunk_text": "\"New York City water supply system\"\nby gravity to three tunnels under New York City. Water rises again to the surface under natural pressure, through a number of shafts. The three tunnels are: The distribution system is made up of an extensive grid of water mains stretching approximately . , it costs the city $140 million to maintain these mains. There are 965 water sampling stations in New York City. The water-sampling system has been in use since 1997. They consist of small cast-iron boxes with spigots inside them, raised above the ground. Scientists from the city measure water from 50 stations every day. The samples", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 25 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "422098", "chunk_text": "\"Environmental issues in New York City\"\nmetals such as lead and copper from household plumbing. Additionally, a sequestering phosphate is applied at several wells to prevent the precipitation of naturally occurring minerals, mostly iron and manganese, in the distribution mains and customers' household piping. Air stripper facilities can be operated at several wells to remove volatile organic compounds (VOCs). The only well in operation in 2007 had an air stripper in operation. The complex New York City water supply system—with 19 reservoirs bringing mountain water from as far as away through a gravity-fed web of aqueducts — consists of three different systems. The Croton system, the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 26 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6365529", "chunk_text": "Manhattan\nthere, which went into service in 1842 and was superseded by the new Croton Aqueduct, which opened in 1890. This, however, was interrupted in 2008 for the ongoing construction of a US$3.2 billion water purification plant that can supply an estimated 290 million gallons daily when completed, representing an almost 20% addition to the city's availability of water, with this addition going to Manhattan and the Bronx. Water comes to Manhattan through New York City Water Tunnel No. 1, Tunnel No. 2, and Tunnel No. 3, completed in 1917, 1936, and (Manhattan's supply) 2013, respectively. The address algorithm of Manhattan", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 27 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12428915", "chunk_text": "\"Collect Pond\"\nevocative of the former Collect Pond. It is still possible to ascertain the rough boundaries of the Collect Pond and original topography in the elevations of the streets in the area, with the lowest elevation being Centre Street which runs in the approximate center of the former pond. Collect Pond The Collect Pond, or Fresh Water Pond, was a body of fresh water in what is now Chinatown, Lower Manhattan in New York City. For the first two centuries of European settlement in Manhattan, it was the main water supply for the growing city. The former pond became the site", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 28 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10521877", "chunk_text": "\"History of water supply and sanitation\"\ndrain into public sewers; and the practice became the norm as indoor plumbing became more common, based on large-scale supply networks such as the Croton Aqueduct in New York. As cities grew in the 19th century, increasing concerns were raised about public health. As part of a trend of municipal sanitation programs in the late 19th and 20th centuries, many cities constructed extensive sewer systems to help control outbreaks of disease such as typhoid and cholera. Initially these systems discharged sewage directly to surface waters without treatment. Later, cities attempted to treat the sewage before discharge in order to prevent", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 29 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18098649", "chunk_text": "\"History of fountains in the United States\"\nwooden statue, \"\"Allegory of the Schuylkill River\"\" (better known as \"\"Water Nymph with Bittern\"\"), to adorn the Centre Square fountain. The first monumental fountains in the United States were built to mark the termini of aqueducts bringing fresh drinking water into New York City. A cholera epidemic in 1832 and the disastrous Great Fire of New York, in 1835, persuaded the government of New York City to build the Croton aqueduct to bring abundant fresh water into the city. The Croton Dam, aqueduct, and reservoir were finished in 1841, bringing water 40 miles from the Croton River to New York", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 30 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16881720", "chunk_text": "\"New York City water supply system\"\nThe water from the reservoirs flows down to the Catskill-Delaware Water Ultraviolet Disinfection Facility, located in Westchester. The facility was built because chlorinated water might have unintended side effects when mixed with certain organic compounds, and ultraviolet was seen as the least risky way to clean the water of any microorganisms. The UV facility opened on October 8, 2013, and was built at a cost of $1.6 billion. The compound is the largest ultraviolet germicidal irradiation plant in the world; it contains 56 UV reactors that could treat per day. The Croton Filtration Plant, which was completed in 2015 at", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 31 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8440532", "chunk_text": "\"Croton Distributing Reservoir\"\nenjoyed his walks at this location. The reservoir held a total capacity of . When established, the Croton Aqueduct was New York City's foremost water source. Amidst great fanfare, water was introduced into the Croton Distributing Reservoir on July 4, 1842. Prior to construction of the aqueduct, water was obtained from cisterns, wells and barrels from rain. The aqueduct and reservoir obtained their names from the water's source, a series of mostly underground conduits that would bring water from the Croton River in northern Westchester County to New York City's spigots. The Croton Distributing Reservoir was torn down at the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 32 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8494132", "chunk_text": "\"New York City Department of Environmental Protection\"\nwastewater treatment plants located throughout the city. DEP carries out federal Clean Water Act rules and regulations, handles hazardous materials emergencies and toxic site remediation, oversees asbestos monitoring and removal, enforces the city's air and noise codes, bills and collects on city water and sewer accounts, and manages citywide water conservation programs. Its regulations are compiled in title 15 of the \"\"New York City Rules\"\". NYCDEP manages three upstate supply systems to provide the city's drinking water: the Croton system, the Catskill system, and the Delaware system. The overall distribution system has a storage capacity of and provides over per", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 33 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15789050", "chunk_text": "\"New York (state)\"\nwhich extends into Ohio and Pennsylvania. Of New York State's total area, 13.6% consists of water. Much of New York's boundaries are in water, as is true for New York City: four of its five boroughs are situated on three islands at the mouth of the Hudson River: Manhattan Island; Staten Island; and Long Island, which contains Brooklyn and Queens at its western end. The state's borders include a water boundary in (clockwise from the west) two Great Lakes (Lake Erie and Lake Ontario, which are connected by the Niagara River); the provinces of Ontario and Quebec in Canada, with", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 34 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7633339", "chunk_text": "\"Sole Source Aquifer\"\nSole Source Aquifer A Sole Source Aquifer (SSA) is an aquifer that has been designated by the United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) as the sole or principal source of drinking water for an area. By definition, SSA is an aquifer that supplies at least 50% of the drinking water consumed in the area overlying the aquifer. There may be other factors to designate SSA. For example, in New York City, Kings and Queens Counties are designated as SSA not because the aquifer of these areas are the sole or principal sources of drinking water for these counties; they are", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 35 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14641188", "chunk_text": "\"West Branch Reservoir\"\nit mixes with Catskill system water before entering aqueducts that carry it to the Hillview Reservoir in Yonkers, at the City's northern boundary, where it enters the water supply distribution system. It would continue through the rest of the city, flowing through the boroughs of The Bronx, Queens, and Brooklyn. The water finally stops at Staten Island. Though the West Branch Reservoir is located within the Croton watershed, it is classified as part of the Catskill / Delaware System — and not the Croton System — by the New York City Department of Environmental Protection, which controls and manages all", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 36 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11381666", "chunk_text": "\"Ashokan Reservoir\"\nAshokan Reservoir The Ashokan Reservoir (; Iroquois for \"\"place of fish\"\") is a reservoir in Ulster County, New York. The reservoir is in the eastern end of the Catskill Park, and is one of several in the region created to provide the City of New York with water. It is the city's deepest reservoir, deep near the dam at the former site of Bishop Falls. New York City turned to the Catskills for water in the early 20th century after discovering that a group of speculators calling itself the Ramapo Water Company had bought up riparian rights to many water", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 37 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14784557", "chunk_text": "\"Edward Anthony (photographer)\"\nState of New York. The family derives their descent from Allard Anthony, an immigrant from Holland to New Amsterdam about 1628, who was one of the first five councilmen of the new colony. Edward Anthony graduated from Columbia College in 1838, with an excellent record. Beginning life as a civil engineer, he obtained employment in building the original Croton Aqueduct, through which New York long drew its supply of pure drinking water from country streams and ponds. Before its completion, he was called to accompany Prof. James Renwick in the survey of the northeastern boundary of Maine, at the time", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 38 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7954435", "chunk_text": "\"New York City water supply system\"\nNew York water supply system, allowing the city to close tunnels No. 1 and No. 2 for repair for the first time of their history. The tunnel will eventually be more than long. Construction on the tunnel began in 1970, and its first and second phases are completed. The latter opened with a ceremony under Central Park, in 2013. Completion of all phases is not expected until at least 2020. In 2018, New York City announced a US$1 billion investment to protect the integrity of its municipal water system and to maintain the purity of its unfiltered water supply. New", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 39 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12561918", "chunk_text": "\"New Croton Reservoir\"\nenters the Jerome Park Reservoir in The Bronx. It then continues to flow through the rest of the city until the water from the New Croton Aqueduct mixes with water from the Catskill aqueduct in Manhattan. It finally continues through the NYC boroughs of Brooklyn and Staten Island, which are the termini of the distribution system. New Croton Reservoir The New Croton reservoir is a narrow reservoir in Westchester County, New York, lying approximately north of New York City, for which the reservoir supplies water. It is the collecting point for water from all reservoirs in the Croton Watershed. The", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 40 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13115633", "chunk_text": "\"Hudson River\"\nHudson River The Hudson River is a river that flows from north to south primarily through eastern New York in the United States. The river originates in the Adirondack Mountains of Upstate New York, flows southward through the Hudson Valley, and eventually drains into the Atlantic Ocean at New York Harbor, between New York City and Jersey City. The river serves as a political boundary between the states of New Jersey and New York at its southern end. Further north, it marks local boundaries between several New York counties. The lower half of the river is a tidal estuary, deeper", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 41 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9095733", "chunk_text": "\"Aqueduct (water supply)\"\nto 20 cm per kilometer during the fifth century AD. However, the ancient engineering methods in calculating the exact elevation between the two reservoirs and the exact gradient of the canal to such fine precision had been lost with the fall of the civilization in 13th Century. In modern times, the largest aqueducts of all have been built in the United States to supply the country's biggest cities. The Catskill Aqueduct carries water to New York City over a distance of 120 miles (190 km), but is dwarfed by aqueducts in the far west of the country, most notably the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 42 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1081283", "chunk_text": "\"Delaware Aqueduct\"\nDelaware Aqueduct The Delaware Aqueduct is the newest of the New York City aqueducts. It takes water from the Rondout Reservoir through the Chelsea Pump Station, the West Branch Reservoir, and the Kensico Reservoir, ending at the Hillview Reservoir in Yonkers, New York. The aqueduct was constructed between 1939 and 1945, and carries approximately half of the New York City water supply of per day. At long and wide, the Delaware Aqueduct is one of the world's longest tunnels. The Delaware Aqueduct leaks up to per day. A $1 billion project to repair the leaking was scheduled to begin in", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 43 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12428897", "chunk_text": "\"Collect Pond\"\nCollect Pond The Collect Pond, or Fresh Water Pond, was a body of fresh water in what is now Chinatown, Lower Manhattan in New York City. For the first two centuries of European settlement in Manhattan, it was the main water supply for the growing city. The former pond became the site of a jail and is now a city park, Collect Pond Park, which includes a pond evocative of its former status. The pond occupied approximately and was as deep as . Fed by an underground spring, it was located in a valley, with Bayard Mount (at , the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 44 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14002220", "chunk_text": "\"Ashokan Reservoir\"\nthe extra fuel costs its buses have incurred. The Reservoir Road causeway, however, is still open. Ashokan Reservoir The Ashokan Reservoir (; Iroquois for \"\"place of fish\"\") is a reservoir in Ulster County, New York. The reservoir is in the eastern end of the Catskill Park, and is one of several in the region created to provide the City of New York with water. It is the city's deepest reservoir, deep near the dam at the former site of Bishop Falls. New York City turned to the Catskills for water in the early 20th century after discovering that a group", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 45 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12871386", "chunk_text": "\"Bottled water\"\nBottled water Bottled water is drinking water (e.g., well water, distilled water, mineral water, or spring water) packaged in plastic or glass water bottles. Bottled water may be carbonated or not. Sizes range from small single serving bottles to large carboys for water coolers. Although vessels to bottle and transport water were part of the earliest human civilizations, bottling water began in the United Kingdom with the first water bottling at the Holy Well in 1621. The demand for bottled water was fueled in large part by the resurgence in spa-going and water therapy among Europeans and American colonists in", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 46 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16881723", "chunk_text": "\"New York City water supply system\"\nare then tested for microorganisms, toxic chemicals, and other contaminants that could potentially harm users of the water supply system. In 2015, the DEP performed 383,000 tests on 31,700 water samples. Brooklyn has had many water reservoirs; they can be seen on an 1864 map of Brooklyn Waterworks. They are listed below, from east to west: In order to comply with federal and state laws regarding the filtration and disinfection of drinking water, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) and the New York State Department of Health called on the city to create a treatment plan to serve the Croton", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 47 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "469878", "chunk_text": "\"Hudson River\"\ntournaments. Hudson River The Hudson River is a river that flows from north to south primarily through eastern New York in the United States. The river originates in the Adirondack Mountains of Upstate New York, flows southward through the Hudson Valley, and eventually drains into the Atlantic Ocean at New York Harbor, between New York City and Jersey City. The river serves as a political boundary between the states of New Jersey and New York at its southern end. Further north, it marks local boundaries between several New York counties. The lower half of the river is a tidal estuary,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 48 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9752736", "chunk_text": "\"New York (state)\"\nas it flows on the Niagara River from Lake Erie to Lake Ontario. The Delaware River Basin Compact, signed in 1961 by New York, New Jersey, Pennsylvania, Delaware, and the federal government, regulates the utilization of water of the Delaware system. In general, New York has a humid continental climate, though under the Köppen climate classification, New York City has a humid subtropical climate. Weather in New York is heavily influenced by two continental air masses: a warm, humid one from the southwest and a cold, dry one from the northwest. Downstate New York, comprising New York City, Long Island,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 49 } ]
test_3430	how many seasons has greys anatomy been on tv?	n/a	[ "14" ]	[]	n/a	n/a	n/a	[]	[ { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10261771", "chunk_text": "\"Grey's Anatomy\"\nthe show has been described by the media outlets as a television \"\"phenomenon\"\" or a \"\"juggernaut\"\", owing to its longevity and dominant ratings. It is considered to have had a significant effect on popular culture and has received numerous awards, including the Golden Globe Award for Best Television Series – Drama. It has received thirty-eight Primetime Emmy Award nominations, including two for Outstanding Drama Series. The cast members have also received several accolades for their respective performances. \"\"Grey's Anatomy\"\" is the longest-running scripted primetime show currently airing on ABC, the longest scripted primetime ABC show ever, and the second-longest primetime", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 0 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10261770", "chunk_text": "\"Grey's Anatomy\"\nrun (it was once among the overall top 10 shows in the United States), it is still one of the highest-rated shows among the 18–49 demographic, and the No. 3 drama on all of broadcast television. The series was the highest revenue-earning show on television, in terms of advertising, in the 2007–08 season; in 2017, it was ranked tenth on the list. \"\"Grey's Anatomy\"\" ranks as ABC's highest-rated drama in its fourteenth season. \"\"Grey's Anatomy\"\" has been well received by critics throughout much of its run, and has been included in various critics' year-end top ten lists. Since its inception,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 1 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20445169", "chunk_text": "\"Grey's Anatomy\"\nmagazine. The show received a renewal for a fifth season, which premiered on September 25, 2008 and concluded on May 14, 2009, consisting of twenty-four episodes. The series was renewed for a sixth season consisting of twenty-four episodes, which commenced on September 24, 2009 and ended on May 20, 2010. During its sixth season, \"\"Grey's Anatomy\"\" aired a series of webisodes entitled \"\"Seattle Grace: On Call\"\" at ABC.com. ABC renewed the show for a seventh season, which premiered on September 23, 2010 and concluded on May 19, 2011, consisting of twenty-two episodes. This was followed up with \"\"Seattle Grace: On", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 2 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19375072", "chunk_text": "\"Grey's Anatomy\"\nThe cast has undergone major changes through the series' run, with many members leaving and being replaced by others. In its fifteenth season, the show has a large ensemble of eleven actors, including four characters from the original cast (Meredith Grey, Alex Karev, Miranda Bailey, and Richard Webber). \"\"Grey's Anatomy\"\" was renewed for a fifteenth season, which premiered on September 27, 2018. The series' success catapulted such long-running cast members as Pompeo, Dempsey, and Oh to worldwide recognition; they were among the top five highest-earning television actors in 2013. While the show's ratings have fallen over the course of its", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 3 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18758727", "chunk_text": "\"Grey's Anatomy\"\nshow for temporary viewing. Recent episodes are also available at ABC's official \"\"Grey's Anatomy\"\" website, and on Hulu and Xfinity. In 2009, ABC signed a deal allowing \"\"Grey's Anatomy\"\" episodes to be streamed on Netflix. \"\"Grey's Anatomy\"\" is syndicated on Lifetime, with one hour blocks weekdays at 1:00 pm, 2:00 pm, and 3:00 pm EST. Reruns have also started to air on Lifetime Movies. Since its debut, Buena Vista Home Entertainment has released the first eight seasons on DVD to regions 1, 2, and 4. The first season's DVD, released on February 14, 2006, features an alternate title sequence, bloopers,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 4 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10263115", "chunk_text": "\"Grey's Anatomy\"\nwith a two-hour episode, and ended on May 15, 2014. On May 8, 2014, ABC renewed the series for an eleventh season that aired from September 2014 to May 2015. In addition, the show was relocated to the Thursday 8:00pm EST time slot. After four seasons outside the top 25 rated shows, \"\"Grey's Anatomy\"\" was the number 15 show in the 2013–2014 season, the show's tenth. The show also re-entered the top five shows in the 18–49 viewer demographic. On May 7, 2015, ABC renewed the series for a twelfth season that premiered on September 24, 2015 and concluded on", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 5 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19375070", "chunk_text": "\"Grey's Anatomy\"\nGrey's Anatomy Grey's Anatomy is an American medical drama television series that premiered on March 27, 2005, on the American Broadcasting Company (ABC) as a mid-season replacement. The fictional series focuses on the lives of surgical interns, residents, and attending physicians, as they develop into seasoned doctors while trying to maintain personal lives and relationships. The title is a play on \"\"Gray's Anatomy\"\", a classic human anatomy textbook first published in 1858 in London and written by Henry Gray. Shonda Rhimes developed the pilot and continues to write for the series; she is also one of the executive producers, along", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 6 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19614860", "chunk_text": "\"Grey's Anatomy\"\non television by series such as \"\"St. Elsewhere\"\", \"\"ER\"\", and \"\"The West Wing\"\". \"\"Greys Anatomy\"\" follows the lives of surgical interns and residents at the fictional Grey-Sloan Memorial Hospital (formerly Seattle Grace Hospital, Season 1–6, Seattle Grace Mercy West Hospital, Season 6–9, and then Grey-Sloan Memorial Hospital, Season 9–present), as they gradually develop into seasoned doctors through the mentoring of their residents, attendings, and chiefs of surgery. Each installment typically begins with a voice-over narrative from Meredith Grey or a season regular, foreshadowing the theme of the episode. Each season tends to represent the physicians' academic year, with each completed", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 7 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7830452", "chunk_text": "\"Grey's Anatomy (season 5)\"\nGrey's Anatomy (season 5) The fifth season of the American television medical drama Grey's Anatomy, created by Shonda Rhimes, commenced airing on American Broadcasting Company (ABC) in the United States on September 25, 2008 and concluded on May 14, 2009 with twenty-four aired episodes. The season follows the story of a group of surgeons as they go through their residency, while they also deal with the personal challenges and relationships with their mentors. Season five had thirteen series regulars with twelve of them returning from the previous season. The season aired in the Thursday night timeslot at 9:00 pm. The", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 8 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20445167", "chunk_text": "\"Grey's Anatomy\"\nnight as \"\"Desperate Housewives\"\" finale. During the second season, \"\"Grey's Anatomy\"\" produced two specials recapping the events of recent episodes, narrated by Bailey, entitled \"\"Straight to the Heart\"\" and \"\"Under Pressure\"\". The show was renewed for a third season, which was relocated to the coveted Thursday 9:00pm EST time slot—a slot that the series has held onto since then. Commencing on September 21, 2006 and ending on May 17, 2007, season three consisted of twenty-five episodes. Two more specials were produced during the show's third season, entitled \"\"Complications of the Heart\"\" and \"\"Every Moment Counts\"\", which were narrated by Bailey", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 9 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1460561", "chunk_text": "\"Grey's Anatomy (season 8)\"\nGrey's Anatomy (season 8) The eighth season of the American television medical drama Grey's Anatomy, commenced airing on the American Broadcasting Company (ABC) on September 22, 2011, with a special two-hour episode and ended on May 17, 2012 with the eighth season having a total of 24 episodes. The season was produced by ABC Studios, in association with Shondaland Production Company and The Mark Gordon Company, and overseen by showrunner Shonda Rhimes. This season follows the story-line of Meredith Grey (Ellen Pompeo) and Derek Shepherd (Patrick Dempsey) as they try to save their marriage and adopt Zola after Meredith tampered", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 10 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19376250", "chunk_text": "\"Grey's Anatomy\"\nof the show set up a real online wedding registry to mark the wedding of Meredith Grey and Derek Shepherd. Instead of buying gifts fans were encouraged to donate money to the American Academy of Neurology Foundation. An adaptation named as \"\"Doktorlar\"\" (\"\"Doctors\"\") was aired on December 28, 2006, in a Turkish Network, Show TV, and it lasted four seasons. In 2010, \"\"A Corazón Abierto\"\", an adaptation of the series, was made by the Colombian network RCN TV. Grey's Anatomy Grey's Anatomy is an American medical drama television series that premiered on March 27, 2005, on the American Broadcasting Company", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 11 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19614892", "chunk_text": "\"Grey's Anatomy\"\nhonestly never stop watching. By any standards, \"\"Grey's Anatomy\"\" has been successful television, ranking highly in the ratings for nine seasons and entering the cultural lexicon via phrases as cloying yet catchy as 'McDreamy', the show has had its periods of being intensely irritating, and it has had its periods when it seems as if Shonda Rhimes has taken leave of her faculties, but it's also got an amazingly high batting average, particularly with every solid season that passes along in this second act of its run.\"\" The site lauded the show saying, \"\"On average, it's been very good TV,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 12 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18000553", "chunk_text": "\"Grey's Anatomy\"\nas a mid-season replacement to \"\"Boston Legal\"\" on March 27, 2005 and concluded on May 22, 2005. The nine-episode season aired on Sundays in the 10:00pm EST time slot, following \"\"Desperate Housewives\"\". The show was renewed by ABC for a second season, that aired in the same time slot as season one. Premiering on September 25, 2005 and concluding on May 15, 2006, the season consisted of twenty-seven episodes. The first five episodes of the second season were originally scheduled to air during the first, but the network decided to close the first season of \"\"Grey's Anatomy\"\" on the same", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 13 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20445113", "chunk_text": "\"Grey's Anatomy\"\nwoman performed cardiac massage for 20 minutes before medical personal arrived and transferred the husband to Shaare Zedek Medical Center. The mid-season premiere of the fourteenth season was entitled \"\"1-800-799-7233\"\", the National Domestic Violence Hotline; upon release on January 18, 2018, the move was received favourably and viewers variously changed their Twitter usernames to the same and used the platform to bring awareness to both the hotline and the issue of domestic abuse. \"\"Greys Anatomy\"\" has received high viewership and ratings since its debut. The first four seasons of the program each ranked in the top ten among all viewers,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 14 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18000557", "chunk_text": "\"Grey's Anatomy\"\nCall\"\", \"\"\"\", aired during the beginning of the seventh season. Also during the seventh season, the series produced a musical episode entitled \"\"Song Beneath the Song\"\", featuring songs that became famous through their use in \"\"Grey's Anatomy\"\". The show received a twenty-four episode eighth season renewal, which commenced on September 22, 2011 with a two-hour episode, and ended on May 17, 2012. \"\"Grey's Anatomy\"\" was renewed for a ninth season, which premiered on September 27, 2012 and ended on May 16, 2013. \"\"Grey's Anatomy\"\" was renewed for a tenth season on May 10, 2013 and premiered on September 27, 2013", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 15 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12203709", "chunk_text": "\"Grey's Anatomy (season 13)\"\nGrey's Anatomy (season 13) The thirteenth season of the American television medical drama \"\"Grey's Anatomy\"\" premiered on September 22, 2016, in the United States on the American Broadcasting Company (ABC), and consisted of 24 episodes. The season was ordered on March 3, 2016, along with ABC's other shows. The season is produced by ABC Studios, in association with Shondaland Production Company and The Mark Gordon Company; the showrunners being William Harper and Stacy McKee. This season was the first not to feature Sara Ramirez as Dr. Callie Torres since her introduction in the second season, following her departure at the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 16 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "581196", "chunk_text": "\"Grey's Anatomy\"\nwould be replaced, with no reason given for the change. The drama was titled \"\"Private Practice\"\", and its premiere episode followed the second part of the season debut of \"\"Dancing with the Stars\"\", and provided a lead-in to fellow freshman series \"\"Dirty Sexy Money\"\". \"\"Pushing Daisies\"\", a third new series for the evening, rounded out the lineup as a lead-in to \"\"Private Practice\"\". The series ended its run in January 2013 after six seasons. \"\"Grey's Anatomy\"\" had five crossover storylines with \"\"Private Practice\"\". There have also been several instances where Addison or Amelia travel to Seattle without there being a", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 17 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10263116", "chunk_text": "\"Grey's Anatomy\"\nMay 19, 2016. The thirteenth season to aired from 2016 to 2017. On February 21, 2007, \"\"The Wall Street Journal\"\" reported that ABC was pursuing a spin-off medical drama television series for \"\"Grey's Anatomy\"\" featuring Walsh's character, Addison Montgomery. Subsequent reports confirmed the decision, stating that an expanded two-hour broadcast of \"\"Grey's Anatomy\"\" would serve as a backdoor pilot for the proposed spin-off. The cast of \"\"Grey's Anatomy\"\" was reportedly unhappy about the decision, as all hoped the spin-off would have been given to them. Pompeo commented that she felt, as the star, she should have been consulted, and Heigl", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 18 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20445158", "chunk_text": "\"Grey's Anatomy\"\nof college graduates\"\". Below is a table of \"\"Grey's Anatomy\"\"s seasonal rankings in the U.S. television market, based on average total viewers per episode. Each U.S. network television season starts in September and ends in late May, which coincides with the completion of May sweeps. \"\"Grey's Anatomy\"\" has won a number of awards. , the show has been nominated for twenty-five Primetime Emmy Awards, having been nominated for at least one every year, except in 2010. At the 57th Primetime Emmy Awards in 2005, Oh was nominated for Outstanding Supporting Actress in a Drama Series, which she went on to", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 19 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13071081", "chunk_text": "\"Grey's Anatomy (season 9)\"\nGrey's Anatomy (season 9) The ninth season of the American television medical drama \"\"Grey's Anatomy\"\" began airing in the United States on the American Broadcasting Company (ABC) on September 27, 2012, with the season premiere \"\"Going, Going, Gone\"\" and consists of 24 episodes with the finale \"\"Perfect Storm\"\" airing on May 16, 2013. The season was produced by ABC Studios, in association with Shondaland Production Company and The Mark Gordon Company; the showrunner being Shonda Rhimes. The season was officially released on DVD as a six-disc boxset under the title of Grey's Anatomy: The Complete Ninth Season - Everything Changes", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 20 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "871995", "chunk_text": "\"Grey's Anatomy (season 14)\"\nGrey's Anatomy (season 14) The fourteenth season of the American television medical drama \"\"Grey's Anatomy\"\" was ordered on February 10, 2017, by American Broadcasting Company (ABC), and premiered on September 28, 2017 with a special two-hour premiere. The season consists of 24 episodes, with the season's seventh episode marking the 300th episode for the series overall. The season is produced by ABC Studios, in association with Shondaland Production Company and The Mark Gordon Company; the showrunners being Krista Vernoff and William Harper. The fourteenth season is the first not to feature Jerrika Hinton as Dr. Stephanie Edwards since her introduction", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 21 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18000555", "chunk_text": "\"Grey's Anatomy\"\nand Morgan, respectively. ABC renewed \"\"Grey's Anatomy\"\" for a fourth season, which aired from September 27, 2007 to May 22, 2008, and ultimately consisted of seventeen episodes. The fourth season had a reduced number of episodes, due to the 2007–08 Writers Guild of America strike, which caused production to cease from February to April, leaving the show with no writing staff during that time. At the beginning of the fourth season, the show aired its final special entitled \"\"Come Rain or Shine\"\", created to transition viewers from \"\"Grey's Anatomy\"\" to \"\"Private Practice\"\", which was narrated by the editors of \"\"People\"\"", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 22 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10261847", "chunk_text": "\"Grey's Anatomy\"\ntop ten lists for five of its twelve seasons; these are listed below in order of rank. \"\"Grey Anatomy\"\" has been considered an impact on culture by \"\"Entertainment Weekly\"\" executive editor, Lori Majewski, with her writing: \"\"\"\"Grey's Anatomy\"\" isn't just a show, it's a phenomenon. When [the] final shows air, every place in New York City is empty. You could get a table at the best restaurants.\"\" \"\"The Daily Beast\"\" Jace Lacob also considered the show an impact, comparing its success to that of \"\"Friends\"\", and calling it a \"\"cultural phenomenon\"\". Steve Sternberg, a media analyst with Magna Global USA", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 23 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16490820", "chunk_text": "\"Grey's Anatomy (season 7)\"\n\"\"No. in season\"\" column refers to the episode's number within this particular season. \"\"U.S. viewers in millions\"\" refers to the number of Americans in millions who watched the episodes live. The seventh season's episodes are altogether 946 minutes in length. <onlyinclude></onlyinclude> Grey's Anatomy (season 7) The seventh season of the American television medical drama Grey's Anatomy, began airing on September 23, 2010 on the American Broadcasting Company (ABC), and concluded on May 19, 2011 ending the season with a total of 22 episodes. The season was produced by ABC Studios, in association with Shondaland Production Company and The Mark Gordon", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 24 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18000547", "chunk_text": "\"Grey's Anatomy\"\nearning show, with the earnings of US$2.67 million and US$2.75 million per half hour in 2011 and 2012 respectively. While \"\"Grey's Anatomy\"\" is no longer ranked in the top numbers for overall ratings, the show's ranking in the key 18–49 demographic has remained high. As of season eight, the series is the highest-rated drama on television in the target demographic. In 2016, a \"\"New York Times\"\" study of the 50 TV shows with the most Facebook Likes found that \"\"Grey's Anatomy\"\" was \"\"most popular in a swath of the middle of the country, particularly in areas with a lower percentage", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 25 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "64892", "chunk_text": "\"Grey's Anatomy (season 14)\"\na 14th season on February 10, 2017. It premiered on September 28, 2017, with a two-hour premiere. Ellen Pompeo announced that she would be directing several episodes in the 14th season. On April 28, 2017, veteran writer Krista Vernoff announced that she would return to the show as a writer after leaving the show after the seventh season. On January 11, 2018, ABC released a six-episode web series following the new surgical interns at Grey Sloan Memorial Hospital. The web series was written by Barbara Kaye Friend and directed by series regular Sarah Drew. The number in the \"\"No. overall\"\"", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 26 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13594557", "chunk_text": "\"Grey's Anatomy (season 9)\"\nthe overall series, whereas the number in the \"\"No. in season\"\" column refers to the episode's number within this particular season. \"\"U.S. viewers in millions\"\" refers to the number of Americans in millions who watched the episodes live. <onlyinclude></onlyinclude> Grey's Anatomy (season 9) The ninth season of the American television medical drama \"\"Grey's Anatomy\"\" began airing in the United States on the American Broadcasting Company (ABC) on September 27, 2012, with the season premiere \"\"Going, Going, Gone\"\" and consists of 24 episodes with the finale \"\"Perfect Storm\"\" airing on May 16, 2013. The season was produced by ABC Studios, in", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 27 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19376222", "chunk_text": "\"Grey's Anatomy\"\n2007 and 2011, based on cumulative totals, and has been for several years in a row. The most-watched episode of the series is \"\"It's the End of the World\"\", with 37.88 million viewers, aided by a lead-in from Super Bowl XL. \"\"Grey's Anatomy\"\" was the most expensive program on television in the 2007-08 season measured by advertising revenue, with earnings of US$400,000 per thirty seconds. The show was named the fourth (behind \"\"Desperate Housewives\"\", \"\"Two and a Half Men\"\", and \"\"American Idol\"\"), and the fifth-highest (behind \"\"Glee\"\", \"\"Two and a Half Men\"\", \"\"The X Factor (U.S.)\"\" and \"\"American Idol\"\") revenue", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 28 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9607290", "chunk_text": "\"Grey's Anatomy (season 11)\"\nGrey's Anatomy (season 11) The eleventh season of the American television medical drama \"\"Grey's Anatomy\"\" premiered on September 25, 2014 in the United States on the American Broadcasting Company (ABC) and consists of 25 episodes. The season was produced by ABC Studios, in association with Shondaland Production Company and The Mark Gordon Company; the showrunners being Stacy McKee and William Harper. The season commenced airing with the episode \"\"I Must Have Lost it on the Wind\"\" and concluded with the season finale \"\"You're My Home\"\" airing on May 14, 2015. The season was officially released on DVD as a six-disc", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 29 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2756880", "chunk_text": "\"Grey's Anatomy (season 13)\"\nwho watched the episodes live. <onlyinclude></onlyinclude> Grey's Anatomy (season 13) The thirteenth season of the American television medical drama \"\"Grey's Anatomy\"\" premiered on September 22, 2016, in the United States on the American Broadcasting Company (ABC), and consisted of 24 episodes. The season was ordered on March 3, 2016, along with ABC's other shows. The season is produced by ABC Studios, in association with Shondaland Production Company and The Mark Gordon Company; the showrunners being William Harper and Stacy McKee. This season was the first not to feature Sara Ramirez as Dr. Callie Torres since her introduction in the second", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 30 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18758709", "chunk_text": "\"Grey's Anatomy\"\nreaching its peak Nielsen ratings in the second season, attracting an average of 19.44 million viewers per episode, and ranking at fifth place overall. Following the show's time-slot being relocated, overall rankings steadily declined, dropping below the top ten in its fifth season. \"\"Grey's Anatomy\"\" made its greatest fall from its sixth to seventh season, slipping from seventeenth place to thirty-first. The series is on a steady decline in terms of overall viewership and rankings, yet \"\"Grey's Anatomy\"\" still holds value in charts when numbers are pulled from the digital video recorder (DVR). It was the most recorded show between", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 31 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10263122", "chunk_text": "\"Grey's Anatomy\"\n(Alex Karev), Kelly McCreary (Maggie Pierce), Kevin McKidd (Owen Hunt) and James Pickens Jr. (Richard Webber). The six episodes in this series were written by Barbra Kaye Friend with \"\"Grey's Anatomy\"\" series regular Sarah Drew (April Kepner) making her directorial debut directing each of them. \"\"Grey's Anatomy\"\" episodes appear regularly on ABC in the United States. All episodes are approximately forty-three minutes, and are broadcast in both high-definition and standard. The series' episodes are also available for download at the iTunes Store in standard and high-definition qualities, and Amazon Video. ABC Video on demand also releases recent episodes of the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 32 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8081558", "chunk_text": "\"Grey's Anatomy (season 7)\"\nGrey's Anatomy (season 7) The seventh season of the American television medical drama Grey's Anatomy, began airing on September 23, 2010 on the American Broadcasting Company (ABC), and concluded on May 19, 2011 ending the season with a total of 22 episodes. The season was produced by ABC Studios, in association with Shondaland Production Company and The Mark Gordon Company; the showrunner being Shonda Rhimes. The season follows the aftermath of season six shooting, in which Derek Shepherd (Patrick Dempsey), Alex Karev (Justin Chambers) and Owen Hunt (Kevin McKidd) are shot, and a total of 11 people died. Cristina Yang", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 33 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20454361", "chunk_text": "\"Grey's Anatomy (season 12)\"\n2016, as a result of ABC airing the television miniseries \"\"Madoff\"\" over two nights on February 3–4, 2016 in the same time-slot as \"\"Grey's Anatomy\"\" and \"\"Scandal\"\". On March 3, 2016, ABC announced that \"\"Grey's Anatomy\"\" was renewed for a 13th season. Regarding the death of Dr. Derek Shepherd, showrunner Shonda Rhimes commented on how future seasons would be affected by the death as she said: \"\"Now, Meredith and the entire \"\"Grey’s Anatomy\"\" family are about to enter uncharted territory as we head into this new chapter of her life. The possibilities for what may come are endless. As Ellis", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 34 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10261782", "chunk_text": "\"Grey's Anatomy\"\nnumber of episodes. Cast members Chandra Wilson and Kevin McKidd have both directed multiple episodes. \"\"Grey's Anatomy\"\" has been edited by Susan Vaill since the show's inception, and David Greenspan was named an editor in 2006. Casting directors Linda Lowy and John Brace have been a part of the production team since 2005. Production design is led by Donald Lee Harris, assisted by art director Brian Harms, and costume design is led by Mimi Melgaard. Working alongside Melgaard, Thomas Houchins supervises costumes, Ellen Vieira is the makeup artist, and Jerilynn Stevens serves as a hair stylist. The Director of Photography", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 35 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3394508", "chunk_text": "\"Grey's Anatomy (season 1)\"\nGrey's Anatomy (season 1) The first season of the American television medical drama Grey's Anatomy, began airing in the United States on the American Broadcasting Company (ABC) on March 27, 2005, and concluded on May 22, 2005. The first season introduces the main character, Meredith Grey, as she enrolls in Seattle Grace Hospital's internship program and faces unexpected challenges and surprises. Season one had nine series regulars, four of whom have been part of the main cast ever since. The season initially served as a mid-season replacement for the legal drama \"\"Boston Legal\"\", airing in the Sunday night time slot", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 36 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6991077", "chunk_text": "\"Grey's Anatomy (season 5)\"\nEach of these releases also contained DVD extras, including footage from behind the scenes, deleted scenes and extended episodes. The same set was released on November 4, 2009 in Region 4 and on August 23, 2010 in Region 2. Grey's Anatomy (season 5) The fifth season of the American television medical drama Grey's Anatomy, created by Shonda Rhimes, commenced airing on American Broadcasting Company (ABC) in the United States on September 25, 2008 and concluded on May 14, 2009 with twenty-four aired episodes. The season follows the story of a group of surgeons as they go through their residency, while", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 37 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15475600", "chunk_text": "\"Grey's Anatomy (season 14)\"\ncolumn refers to the episode's number within the overall series, whereas the number in the \"\"No. in season\"\" column refers to the episode's number within this particular season. \"\"U.S. viewers in millions\"\" refers to the number of Americans in millions who watched the episodes live. <onlyinclude></onlyinclude> Grey's Anatomy (season 14) The fourteenth season of the American television medical drama \"\"Grey's Anatomy\"\" was ordered on February 10, 2017, by American Broadcasting Company (ABC), and premiered on September 28, 2017 with a special two-hour premiere. The season consists of 24 episodes, with the season's seventh episode marking the 300th episode for the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 38 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10263126", "chunk_text": "\"Grey's Anatomy\"\nand a special feature for Dempsey's departure, \"\"How To Say Goodbye Dr. Derek Shepherd\"\". The twelfth released on DVD as a six-disc box set on August 30, 2016. The American Broadcasting Company has partnered with J Larson CafePress and Barco Uniforms to provide the series' branded merchandise through an online store. The products available include shirts, sweatshirts, kitchen-ware, home-ware, and bags, with the \"\"Grey's Anatomy\"\" logo on it. Also available are custom unisex scrubs and lab coats in a variety of colors and sizes, designed by Barco. The merchandise released by the company is available for purchase at the \"\"Grey's", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 39 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8308353", "chunk_text": "\"Grey's Anatomy (season 14)\"\nin the ninth season, following her departure at the conclusion of the previous season. The season marks the last appearance of Martin Henderson, Jason George, Jessica Capshaw, and Sarah Drew as series regulars, as well as the first appearance of Jaina Lee Ortiz as Andy Herrera, the lead character of \"\"Grey's Anatomy\"\"'s second spin-off series, \"\"Station 19\"\". On April 20, 2018, ABC officially renewed \"\"Grey's Anatomy\"\" for a network primetime drama record-tying fifteenth season. The season follows the story of surgical residents, fellows, and attendings as they experience the difficulties of the competitive careers they have chosen. It is set", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 40 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12203710", "chunk_text": "\"Grey's Anatomy (season 13)\"\nconclusion of the previous season. On February 10, 2017, ABC renewed \"\"Grey's Anatomy\"\" for a fourteenth season. The season follows the story of surgical residents, fellows, and attendings as they experience the difficulties of the competitive careers they have chosen. It is set in the surgical wing of the fictional Grey Sloan Memorial Hospital, located in Seattle, Washington. The season picks up right where it left off at Owen and Amelia's wedding. After Alex Karev (Justin Chambers) had found a drunk Jo Wilson (Camilla Luddington) with Andrew DeLuca (Giacomo Gianniotti) in a compromising situation during the previous season's finale, he", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 41 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13540261", "chunk_text": "\"Grey's Anatomy (season 13)\"\nafter previously renewing them at the end of the tenth season of \"\"Grey's Anatomy\"\". Ellen Pompeo and Patrick Dempsey renewed their contracts for another two seasons (seasons 11 and 12) on January 23, 2014, but Dempsey later left the series at the end of the eleventh season. The rest of the six original cast mates, Justin Chambers, Chandra Wilson and James Pickens Jr., excluding Sandra Oh, renewed their contracts on May 26, 2014, as Drs. Alex Karev, Miranda Bailey, and Richard Webber, respectively, for the eleventh and twelfth season. Sara Ramirez also renewed her contract for another two seasons as", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 42 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "591309", "chunk_text": "\"Grey's Anatomy (season 12)\"\nwas ranked 21st overall in total viewers which is fifteen spots higher than the previous season. TV critics and analysts noted the renewed interest in viewership with Rich Kissell of \"\"Variety\"\" calling it a 'renaissance.' \"\"Grey's Anatomy\"\" finished the 2015–16 television season as ABC's highest-rated drama in the 18-49 demographics and also ranked among the top five dramas on all of broadcast, averaging a 3.9 rating in the demo, an unprecedented accomplishment for a show in its 12th season. On March 3, 2016, the network renewed \"\"Grey's Anatomy\"\" for a thirteenth season. The season follows the story of surgical residents,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 43 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14140080", "chunk_text": "\"Grey's Anatomy (season 3)\"\nhighly rated dramatic television series \"\"\"\", which simultaneously aired on the CBS Network. Season three of \"\"Grey's Anatomy\"\" contained 25 episodes, in addition to two clip shows that were produced to recap the previous events of the show, before the introduction of major new arcs. \"\"Complications of the Heart\"\" aired on the same night as the season premiere, recapping the last episodes of the second season with insights into future episodes in the third, while \"\"Every Moment Counts\"\" aired before the twentieth episode. The season also aired a two-part episode arc, which primarily served as a backdoor pilot for a", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 44 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19232670", "chunk_text": "\"Grey's Anatomy (season 6)\"\nin length. <onlyinclude></onlyinclude> Specific General Grey's Anatomy (season 6) The sixth season of the American television medical drama \"\"Grey's Anatomy\"\", commenced airing on the American Broadcasting Company (ABC) in the United States on September 24, 2009, and concluded on May 20, 2010. The season was produced by ABC Studios, in association with Shondaland Production Company and The Mark Gordon Company; the showrunner being Shonda Rhimes. Actors Ellen Pompeo, Sandra Oh, Katherine Heigl, and Justin Chambers reprised their roles as surgical residents Meredith Grey, Cristina Yang, Izzie Stevens, and Alex Karev, respectively. Heigl was released from her contract in the middle", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 45 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10261778", "chunk_text": "\"Grey's Anatomy\"\nideas of what women are. They never got to be nasty or competitive or hungry or angry. They were often just the loving wife or the nice friend. But who gets to be the bitch? Who gets to be the three-dimensional woman? The show's title, \"\"Grey's Anatomy\"\", was devised as a play on words: a reference to both Henry Gray's classic English medical textbook, \"\"Gray's Anatomy\"\" (first published in 1858 and still in print), and the title character Dr. Meredith Grey (Ellen Pompeo). Before the series debuted on March 27, 2005, a few early releases were shown to close friends", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 46 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1780907", "chunk_text": "\"Grey's Anatomy (season 10)\"\nSara Ramirez also renewed her contract for another two seasons. \"\"Grey's Anatomy\"\" was renewed for a tenth season on May 10, 2013. This season is to include the 200th episode of the series, the fourth episode to air, \"\"Puttin' on the Ritz\"\". This season was also split into two batches of episodes, each batch consisting of 12 uninterrupted episodes (excluding holidays). The mid-season premiere aired on February 27, 2014. \"\"Grey's Anatomy's\"\" tenth season opened up to 9.27 million viewers with a 3.4/9 Nielsen rating/share in the 18–49 demographic. \"\"Everybody's Crying Mercy\"\" served as the season's most viewed episode. \"\"Man on", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 47 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8113041", "chunk_text": "\"Grey's Anatomy (season 11)\"\nchoices are, to her resignation when she realizes she has to comfort and motivate the young doctor whose mistakes cost Derek his life.\"\" Reviewing the episode \"\"She's Leaving Home\"\", Matt Carter commended on the show's \"\"shocking\"\" longevity and that it \"\"is still in a position where it makes sense.\"\" He also praised Pompeo's performance as \"\"great throughout\"\" and \"\"overlooked.\"\" Grey's Anatomy (season 11) The eleventh season of the American television medical drama \"\"Grey's Anatomy\"\" premiered on September 25, 2014 in the United States on the American Broadcasting Company (ABC) and consists of 25 episodes. The season was produced by ABC", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 48 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2756877", "chunk_text": "\"Grey's Anatomy (season 13)\"\nAway with Murder\"\", which was the same last year. The remaining 15 episodes will air after the winter break beginning airing on January 26, 2017. In an interview with \"\"TV Guide\"\", Kelly McCreary said that the 13th season would be focusing heavily on the characters that have been on the show since the first season; Dr. Meredith Grey, Dr. Alex Karev, Dr. Miranda Bailey and Dr. Richard Webber. McCreary went more into the storyline as she commented that \"\"After such a long period of time and so many new people coming in and out, they remain the foundational characters of", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 49 } ]
test_3431	how did leo dalton die in silent witness?	n/a	[ "in an explosion" ]	[]	n/a	n/a	n/a	[]	[ { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2687413", "chunk_text": "\"William Gaminara\"\nThieves\"\". William Gaminara and his wife, Kate Lock, have two sons, Joe and Fred. Joe Gaminara is also an actor, following his father into Casualty, in the role of junior doctor Eddie McAllister. William Gaminara William Gaminara (born 1956) is an English actor and screenwriter, probably best known for playing pathologist Professor Leo Dalton on the television series \"\"Silent Witness\"\", from 2002 - 2013. Gaminara grew up in Zambia and contracted polio as a child. Gaminara was educated at Winchester College, Winchester, Hants., UK followed by Lincoln College at the University of Oxford. He is married to English actress, Kate", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 0 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2687412", "chunk_text": "\"William Gaminara\"\nCornwell's \"\"Sharpe\"\" novels. His other television credits include Will Newman in \"\"Attachments\"\" and Dr Andrew Bower in \"\"Casualty\"\". Away from acting, he wrote the screenplay for the BBC adaptation of Rachel Morris's novel, \"\"Ella and the Mothers\"\". His most notable role was Professor Leo Dalton in the BBC crime drama series Silent Witness, playing the part from 2002 until the death of his character in 2013. He played the part once more in 2017 in the final episode of series 20. In 2015 Gaminara appeared as Samuel Harrogate in the BBC TV series \"\"Father Brown\"\" episode 3.13 \"\"The Paradise of", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 1 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2687411", "chunk_text": "\"William Gaminara\"\nWilliam Gaminara William Gaminara (born 1956) is an English actor and screenwriter, probably best known for playing pathologist Professor Leo Dalton on the television series \"\"Silent Witness\"\", from 2002 - 2013. Gaminara grew up in Zambia and contracted polio as a child. Gaminara was educated at Winchester College, Winchester, Hants., UK followed by Lincoln College at the University of Oxford. He is married to English actress, Kate Lock, and together they have two sons, Joe and Fred. They live in London. Gaminara plays Dr Richard Locke in the long-running radio soap opera, \"\"The Archers\"\". He also voices audiobooks, including Bernard", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 2 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12629177", "chunk_text": "\"Silent Witness\"\nas a police officer. The programme followed the activities of pathologist Sam Ryan, played by Amanda Burton, until she departed early in the eighth series. There was a succession of regular supporting characters, changing almost every series, but Dr Leo Dalton (William Gaminara) and Dr Harry Cunningham (Tom Ward), who were introduced in the sixth series, continued as lead characters following Ryan's departure, with Dalton replacing her as professor. A new character, Dr Nikki Alexander (Emilia Fox), was introduced in the eighth series. While working as a forensic anthropologist, she appropriates facilities and software in the pathology department to analyse", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 3 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19413864", "chunk_text": "\"Leo Wyatt\"\nwarned them of an impending great evil force, that Leo's death would be the only motivation to give the sisters the will to fight the great evil, in the same manner that their sister Prue's death motivated them to defeat The Source. So Piper begged the Angel of Destiny for a compromise, insisting that if they were to fight for Leo's life instead, that would be even more strongly motivating to defeat said coming great evil. So it's decided that Leo will be frozen in stasis only to be returned if they succeed in defeating this great evil. Only then", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 4 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15163284", "chunk_text": "\"Silent Witness\"\nan Iron Age find, with the belated, bemused and begrudging approval of Dalton. Dr Alexander is able to assist in a set of cases being investigated by the team, as it turns out she has \"\"worked in forensic pathology in Johannesburg for six months\"\" and is certified by the Home Office to practise. She eventually overcomes Leo's reluctance and, with Harry's support, is offered and accepts a position on the team. During the fifteenth series Dr Cunningham leaves to accept a position in New York City. He is replaced by forensics expert Jack Hodgson (David Caves) and his assistant Clarissa", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 5 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3771599", "chunk_text": "\"Leo Barnes\"\nLeo Barnes Leo Barnes, also known as The Sergeant, is a fictional character in \"\"The Purge\"\" film series. The character is portrayed by Frank Grillo. Grillo was credited as \"\"The Sergeant\"\" in \"\"\"\" and \"\"Leo Barnes\"\" in \"\"\"\". Several months earlier before events of \"\"\"\"Anarchy\"\"\"\", Warren Grass, while drunk driving, kills the son of Leo Barnes, a Los Angeles Police Department sergeant. Grass is then charged with driving under the influence, but is acquitted on legal technicalities. An enraged and bereaved Barnes works painstakingly on how to avenge his son's death then comes up with the plan to do it", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 6 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13569037", "chunk_text": "\"Tim Choate\"\n\"\"Pearl Harbor\"\" (2001). On television, he played Zathras on \"\"Babylon 5\"\" and had a recurring role on \"\"Newhart\"\", as well as appearing in several TV movies, notably \"\"Blind Witness\"\" (1989) and \"\"Child in the Night\"\" (1990), and guesting on shows including \"\"The Practice\"\", \"\"\"\" and \"\"The Bold and the Beautiful\"\". He was killed in a motorcycle accident in Los Angeles, California in 2004, aged 49. He is interred at Forest Lawn Memorial Park in Glendale, California. Tim Choate Tim Choate (October 11, 1954 – September 24, 2004) was an American actor who starred in a number of film and television", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 7 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15163285", "chunk_text": "\"Silent Witness\"\nMullery (Liz Carr). During the sixteenth series Dr Dalton is killed in an explosion. His replacement, Dr Thomas Chamberlain (Richard Lintern), is introduced at the start of the seventeenth series. Although the show focuses heavily on areas of pathology, the police also have a presence in each case. During later series of the show detectives and investigators tend to differ from episode to episode, with guest artists appearing in these roles. However, during the early years of the show several characters appeared regularly to investigate each case. The first three series were set in Cambridge. This changed to London from", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 8 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "538953", "chunk_text": "\"Leo Barnes\"\neliminate Leo and his team but Bishop and his team arrives and guns them down. The rebels untie Roan while Bishop captures Owens in the cathedral's crypt and plans to kill him. As Roan protests that he must be spared, Owens goads Bishop to kill him. Bishop spares Owens on the condition that Roan wins the election. Leo knocks Owens out as he, Roan, and the group discovers a large number of bound and gagged Purge mass sacrifices that Owens had stashed in the crypt. After Bishop and his team is killed by Danzinger when they kill the latter's mercenaries,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 9 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9564675", "chunk_text": "\"Leo McGarry\"\nwhich exhibits the closeness of their relationship, Josh Lyman asks him: \"\"Everything okay?\"\". McGarry answers with the character's last words on screen, a less than convincing, \"\"Yeah.\"\" On Election Night, it is said that McGarry has gone up to his hotel room in Houston to take a nap before the results come in. He is later found unconscious by Annabeth Schott who alerts McGarry's Secret Service detail. He is rushed to the hospital, where he is pronounced dead. McGarry's death comes ninety minutes before the polls close in California and other Western states, thus giving some voters this information prior", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 10 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16138971", "chunk_text": "\"Leo Ford\"\na travel agency and oversaw Ford's collection of pictures from his career. Leo died July 17, 1991 when his motorcycle was struck by a truck making an illegal turn onto Sunset Boulevard. Leo suffered massive head trauma and died two days later. Craig Markle was riding with him but suffered only minor injuries. Ford was cremated and his ashes sent to San Francisco, where after a wake at Josie's Bar they were scattered near the Golden Gate Bridge. Leo Ford Leo Ford (born Leo John Hilgeford; July 5, 1957 – July 17, 1991) was an American pornographic actor who appeared", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 11 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "360673", "chunk_text": "\"Silent Witness (2013 film)\"\nthe scene after knocking Yang Dan's down with her red Cayenne SUV. Zhou Li got him to confess through a series of question that got him to also confess his wife was having an affair with Meng Meng's father, Lin Tai. Everything seems logical at that time and the court and media were satisfied that the chauffeur Sun Wei was the killer. However, Tong Tao, who had been going after Lin Tai ever since he was called to bar as a legal prosecutor, found something to be amiss. He got his staff to verify that Sun Wei was terminally ill", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 12 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13461764", "chunk_text": "\"Leo Frank\"\nof the factory in the metal room in a section called the tipping department, which was across the hallway from Leo Frank's office. On April 21, 1913, Phagan was laid off due to a shortage of brass sheet metal. Around noon on April 26, she went to the factory to claim her pay of $1.20. The next day, shortly before 3:00 a.m., the factory's night watchman, Newt Lee, went to the factory basement to use the toilet. After leaving the toilet, Lee discovered Phagan's body in the rear of the basement near an incinerator and called the police. Her dress", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 13 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5895467", "chunk_text": "\"Leo du Pres and Greenlee Smythe\"\nfinally manage to marry in the summer. Even this is marred, due to former associates of Vanessa's (who also want the drug money) crashing the wedding with her in tow. Greenlee's father, Roger Smythe, who continues to worm his way back into her life, even after disappointing her countless times, is shot by drug operatives. A few hours before he dies, he accidentally lets it slip to Greenlee that he was sleeping with her bridesmaid and close friend, Simone Torres. After he dies, Greenlee's pain is intensified when she overhears her grandfather telling her mother, Mary Smythe, who has come", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 14 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5200515", "chunk_text": "\"Leo Barnes\"\noutlaw Purge night as top priority, as dozens of NFFA supporters react to the election results in violent protests. Leo Barnes Leo Barnes, also known as The Sergeant, is a fictional character in \"\"The Purge\"\" film series. The character is portrayed by Frank Grillo. Grillo was credited as \"\"The Sergeant\"\" in \"\"\"\" and \"\"Leo Barnes\"\" in \"\"\"\". Several months earlier before events of \"\"\"\"Anarchy\"\"\"\", Warren Grass, while drunk driving, kills the son of Leo Barnes, a Los Angeles Police Department sergeant. Grass is then charged with driving under the influence, but is acquitted on legal technicalities. An enraged and bereaved", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 15 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5923388", "chunk_text": "\"Leo Barnes\"\nfend off the gang. However, Shane is slightly pierced by a bullet but the group manages to escape. Reaching the flat of Tanya, they realize that a car is not available. Tanya takes the group indoors and offers them dinner and medicines. Later, after Tanya's sister Lorraine murders her for the former's affair with the latter's husband, Leo and his group are captured by the masked biker gang, who take them to a theater where upper-class Purgers bid them for human hunting. In the purging arena, Leo fights back, killing the hunters. The host purger calls for backup wherein security", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 16 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5954042", "chunk_text": "\"Wayne Palmer\"\nhim of the tape recording that Lennox acquired. Palmer allows him one week to tender his letter of resignation. At this time, Palmer also authorizes Bauer's mission to rescue Audrey, in spite of the potentially devastating consequences, should the mission go awry. Palmer announces to the press that Fayed is dead and that the suitcase nukes have been recovered. He thanks law enforcement and the Armed Services, but starts to struggle with his memory during the press questions and stammers. Suddenly, he faints. His doctors suspect cerebral hemorrhage, and they do not think he will regain consciousness. Daniels assumes the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 17 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "101656", "chunk_text": "\"The Lonesome Death of Hattie Carroll\"\nshowed hardened arteries, an enlarged heart and high blood pressure. A spinal tap confirmed brain hemorrhage as the cause of death. She died in Mercy Hospital at 9 a.m. on February 9, 1963. Zantzinger was initially charged with murder. His defense was that he had been extremely drunk, and he claimed to have no memory of the attack. His charge was reduced to manslaughter and assault, based on the likelihood that it was her stress reaction to his verbal and physical abuse that led to the intracranial bleeding, rather than blunt-force trauma from the blow that left no lasting mark.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 18 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10225702", "chunk_text": "\"Leo Barnes\"\nforces swarm the chamber and kill Shane. As Liz mourns his death, the Anti-Purge group led by Carmelo and Dwayne storm the arena and kills more of the purging team. Leo compliments their aid and convinces Liz to join them but the latter chooses to join the Anti-Purge group to avenge Shane's death. Carmelo and Dwayne tell the group to leave while they aid Liz in their mission. After taking weapons from the dead wealthy purgers, Leo hijacks the host purger's car and threatens her before leaving. By daybreak, an hour before the annual Purge ends, Leo drives Eva and", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 19 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18094533", "chunk_text": "\"Palmer Cortlandt\"\nkilled Paolo by slipping too much of a powerful sedative into his wine. That and a high level of cocaine already in Paolo's system did him in. Vanessa never spoke up to defend her son because she feared that it would mean the end of her free ride with Palmer. Vanessa was set up, thanks to some help from David, to confess the truth — David slipped her a medication that made her think she was having a heart attack. The charges against Leo were subsequently dropped after Palmer hired someone to \"\"lose\"\" the evidence in the case, though no", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 20 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6400219", "chunk_text": "\"Void Moon\"\nKarch to recover the money. Jack is briefed by Grimaldi that Leo Renfro is in cahoots with the Chicago Mafia for this crime. He successfully tracks down the supplier of Cassie's equipment for the theft and obtains Cassie's name. Meanwhile, Cassie persuades Leo to split the money and leave after learning of its origin. Leo requests two days to sort the mess out, but commits suicide when confronted by Jack about Cassie. The next day, Jack poses as a customer at the Porche showroom and Cassie takes him out for a car ride. Cassie successfully crashes the car upon learning", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 21 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6759", "chunk_text": "\"Leo Glynn\"\nmotivated killing of two African American girls in 1963. This trial causes a race riot in the city's African American neighborhoods and a lockdown of Oz whose Black inmates are angered at the mere presence of the trial. As the SORT team locks the prison down, they discover the dead body of Tobias Beecher's father who died at the hands of Franklin Winthrop. The trial of Wilson Loewen ends with him being found guilty of murder in the second degree. Loewen is a key politician that helped Governor Devlin get elected so Devlin is very insistent on how Loewen will", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 22 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5200512", "chunk_text": "\"Leo Barnes\"\nmission to save Roan. They manage to infiltrate the cathedral through a tunnel system. Barnes and his team eliminate the secret service agents and position on the choir loft when Owens invites high-ranking members of the NFFA to execute Roan with NFFA Chairman Caleb Warrens leading them in the purging. As Warrens starts slitting her throat, Marcos assassinates him, instigating a chaos that signals the rebels to invade the cathedral. As the entire congregation panics and disperses, Leo and his team fire into the fleeing crowd, killing many of them. A second group of NFFA secret service agents arrive to", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 23 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6244410", "chunk_text": "\"Leo Frank\"\nworkers\"\" to ask them the question, \"\"Do you know Mr. Frank's character for lasciviousness?\"\" The answers were usually \"\"bad\"\". The prosecution realized early on that issues relating to time would be an essential part of its case. At trial, each side presented witnesses to support their version of the timeline for the hours before and after the murder. The starting point was the time of death; the prosecution, relying on the analysis of stomach contents by their expert witness, argued that Phagan died between 12:00 and 12:15 p.m. A prosecution witness, Monteen Stover, said she had gone into the office", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 24 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3500087", "chunk_text": "\"Le Chiffre\"\nBond's earpiece. Bond kills the bodyguard by throwing him over a railing, then chokes Obanno to death after relieving Obanno of his machete. Rene Mathis arranges the blame to be placed on Le Chiffre's bodyguard Leo. During the tournament, Le Chiffre initially outwits and bankrupts Bond, who cannot get additional funding from HM Treasury accountant Vesper Lynd, who has accompanied Bond to make sure the money is used properly. However, Felix Leiter, a CIA agent sent to participate in the game, also in hopes of bankrupting Le Chiffre, agrees to bankroll Bond, on the condition that CIA is allowed to", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 25 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1443034", "chunk_text": "\"Leo Barnes\"\nBarnes and Danzinger engage in a vicious melee fight; Danzinger is killed after Leo stabs him multiple times with knife knuckles. At the crypt, Harmon James emerges from hiding and targets the senator after killing a freed Purge victim. Joe manages to kill him with a headshot and Leo appears after James is killed. Before Joe succumbs to his injuries, he tells Lane and Marcos to take care of his store and urges Roan to win. On Election Day, Roan wins by a landslide, and Leo is made the new Director of the Secret Service. Roan makes her plan to", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 26 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17778930", "chunk_text": "\"Three Act Tragedy\"\npoison in his glass. After his funeral, Poirot travels to Monte Carlo, where he is met with news from Satterthwaite and Cartwright that Dr Strange is dead. While holding a dinner party at his home in Yorkshire, Strange suddenly died after drinking a glass of port wine. The coroner rules he was poisoned with nicotine, despite no trace of it in his glass. With the exception of the three men, Strange's guests are the same ones who attended Cartwright's party. Due to the similarities, Babbington's body is exhumed, whereupon police find he died from the same causes. Both Satterthwaite and", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 27 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2566599", "chunk_text": "\"Cyril O'Reily\"\nto kill Jia Kenmin. Cyril's trial does not go well and he is found guilty of murder in the first degree. When being transferred to Death Row, Cyril attacks Officer Len Lopresti and is then sedated by three additional COs. After a long talk with Father Meehan, Ryan finally agrees to protest Cyril's death by any means necessary. In effort to overturn Cyril's death sentence Ryan, with the help of Sister Pete and Father Daniel Meehan, gets activist attorney Arnold Zelman to appeal his case. The appeals remonstrating the state's decision to kill a mentally handicapped person gather public support.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 28 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11471699", "chunk_text": "\"Leoben Conoy\"\nthe while Leoben claims to be suffering from allergies. As Adama and Leoben converse, Adama notices Leoben Conoy's \"\"allergies\"\" getting worse. This makes Adama suspicious as he feels it may be a reaction Cylons have to radiation (in this case emitted by the gas giant the anchorage orbits). Eventually, Leoben confirms Adama's suspicions, admitting his true nature. Adama and Leoben fight and in the ensuing struggle, Leoben reacts with amazing speed and strength, but Adama manages to kill him by bludgeoning him in the head with a flashlight. Just prior to his demise, Leoben Conoy reveals to Adama that Cylons", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 29 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13461770", "chunk_text": "\"Leo Frank\"\nhappened at the factory, Frank seemed extremely nervous, trembling, and pale; his voice was hoarse, and he was rubbing his hands and asking questions before the police could answer. Frank said he was not familiar with the name Mary Phagan and would need to check his payroll book. The detectives took Frank to the morgue to see Phagan's body and then to the factory, where Frank viewed the crime scene and walked the police through the entire building. Frank returned home about 10:45 a.m. At this point, Frank was not considered a suspect. On Monday, April 28, Frank, accompanied by", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 30 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17615399", "chunk_text": "\"Tales That Witness Madness\"\nGinny. In the Epilogue, Tremayne watches as manifestations of the patients' histories materialise. Nicholas cannot see the manifestations and has Tremayne declared insane, apparently for believing the patients' bizarre accounts. Nicholas enters the patient holding area, and is killed by \"\"Mr. Tiger\"\". \"\"Tales That Witness Madness\"\" was filmed at Shepperton Studios on 35 mm, with an aspect ratio of 1.85:1. It was the last film of Frank Forsyth, who appears as Uncle Albert. Jack Hawkins died shortly after his scenes were filmed. Hawkins had had his larynx removed in an operation in 1966, and here his voice was dubbed by", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 31 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14284745", "chunk_text": "\"Leo Frank\"\nwas up around her waist and a strip from her petticoat had been torn off and wrapped around her neck. Her face was blackened and scratched, and her head was bruised and battered. A strip of wrapping cord was tied into a loop around her neck, buried deep, showing that she had been strangled. Her underwear was still around her hips, but stained with blood and torn open. Her skin was covered with ashes and dirt from the floor, initially making it appear to responding officers that she and her assailant had struggled in the basement. A service ramp at", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 32 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6656077", "chunk_text": "\"Leo Barnes\"\nOwens and tries to dissuade them as she wants a fair win. Leo and Roan are forced to flee as Dawn alerts the entire hideout of death squad forces witnessed by Joe, Marcos and Laney, arriving. As the hideout goes into action, Leo and Roan meet up again with the ambulance. However, before the group can escape the city, Danzinger rams the ambulance and his team abduct Roan, then deliver her to Owens, who is presiding over a midnight Purge mass in an NFFA-captured Catholic cathedral. The group team up with Bishop and his team and they organize a rescue", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 33 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10810799", "chunk_text": "\"Dalton Prejean\"\ncar, over Joseph's protest, \"\"I don't like the way he's doing my brother.\"\" Dalton then took a .38 caliber revolver from under the car seat, got out of the car and approached the officer with the gun hidden against his leg. As he neared the trooper he fired without warning. Trooper Cleveland was struck by two bullets and was killed. Dalton and his companions fled the scene but were apprehended several hours later. Dalton was once again given psychological tests during pretrial confinement. On the basis of the Wechsler Intelligence Scale, the Stanford Binet Vocabulary Subtest and the Bender-Gestalt Test,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 34 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7171603", "chunk_text": "\"Wayne Palmer\"\nof allowing Wayne to resign, David calls in his ex-wife, Sherry, to dig up dirt on Milliken. When she fails in her attempt to counter-blackmail Milliken, Sherry takes the opportunity to prevent Milliken from reaching his medication during a heart attack and convinces Julia not to help him. Milliken dies from the heart attack in front of Julia and Sherry. President Palmer provides an alibi for Sherry to the police. Sherry then attempts to expose the truth for reasons of her own. Wayne brings in a specialist to obtain evidence linking Sherry to Milliken's death. The evidence is obtained, but", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 35 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20472710", "chunk_text": "\"Leo Wyatt\"\nwounds, and changing his appearance (\"\"glamoring\"\"). He was nearly immortal, but like all Whitelighters, he was vulnerable to a Darklighter's poison arrow. He eventually wins Piper's heart, and they marry in the middle of season three. They have two sons, Wyatt and Chris, and a daughter, Melinda. In the series' fifth, sixth, and seventh seasons he became in succession an Elder, and then an Avatar. However, late in the seventh season he became a normal human, albeit one with great knowledge of magic. Leo was born May 6, 1924 in San Francisco, California, the son of Christopher Wyatt. He grew", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 36 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6211849", "chunk_text": "\"Leo du Pres\"\ndiamonds, Greenlee fights with Vanessa for the gun but is knocked off the edge, falling onto a ledge 20 feet below. Leo thinks Greenlee is dead and attacks Vanessa, but Greenlee's call gives him hope and he starts to climb down to her. When Vanessa realizes Greenlee survived the fall, she begins shooting at her. Leo rushes at Vanessa and wrestles with her for the gun, but their combined weight pushes mother and son over the falls. His body is never recovered. Leo returned briefly nine years later in August 2011, when he appeared to Greenlee in a dream. Leo", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 37 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17779694", "chunk_text": "\"Dumb Witness\"\nfilled with elemental phosphorus, knowing that her death from the poison would mimic the symptoms of liver failure. The aura witnessed by those attending the seance was because of the poison Emily had unknowingly taken. When she found out her aunt changed her will, and that Poirot had discovered the cause of her death, Bella found herself in far worse quandry. She thus relinquished her children back to their father, before committing suicide; the medication was originally intended to be used in murdering Jacob. Poirot reveals that Lawson saw Bella on the night of Emily's fall, though in a mirror;", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 38 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20283555", "chunk_text": "\"For Gedda\"\nuntraceable disposable cell phone. Wagenbach shows Warrick pictures of himself covered in blood, and asks Warrick what the evidence looks like. He says it looks like he did it. Grissom asks Ecklie for copies of his reports. Catherine goes to Warrick's apartment to get him a change of clothes, but Ecklie is examining it. The autopsy finds that Gedda was bound and beaten at least an hour prior to death. A CSI reports they found chloroform in Gedda's blood, and Grissom orders Warrick's blood tested because chloroform can cause short term memory loss - but it's too late. Grissom finds", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 39 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7171604", "chunk_text": "\"Wayne Palmer\"\nMilliken's wife, Julia, facing jail time, arrives at Sherry's house with the intent to kill her. Despite his efforts to stop Julia, Wayne must watch in horror as she murders Sherry and then kills herself. Because of his connection to the deaths of Milliken, Julia and Sherry, David Palmer decides not to seek a second term as President. At the start of Season Five, Wayne is helping his brother write his memoirs at Wayne's apartment. It is then that David Palmer is shot in the neck and killed by a sniper. Later, as the FBI comb the crime scene, Jack", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 40 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5650806", "chunk_text": "\"The Saint Takes Over\"\nDrew), Leo Sloan (Robert Emmett Keane), Sam Reese (Morgan Conway) and Max Bremer (Cy Kendall) - each pay a quarter share of the $90,000 cost of the frameup. Rocky himself has just been cleared in a trial after the testimony of his bodyguard, Clarence \"\"Pearly\"\" Gates (Paul Guilfoyle) and the murder of the main prosecution witness, Johnny Summers. Egan orders two henchmen to pick up the woman passenger when the ship arrives. Templar is able to foil them, and the woman drives off in a taxi. Templar goes to see Fernack. Weldon sends Gates to rob Egan, but Egan catches", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 41 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19413863", "chunk_text": "\"Leo Wyatt\"\nthem to see how each of their lives was in order to get them closer to each other. In order to do this, the marriage counselor had them switch bodies in order to walk a mile in each other's shoes. In the last season of the series, Leo was the target of the Angel of Death. The sisters searched for a key to undo his death sentence. Piper summoned both an Elder and an Avatar to give Leo a new lease on life, but both were forbidden to do so. In turn the sisters summoned the Angel of Destiny, who", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 42 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5363763", "chunk_text": "\"The Teeth of the Tiger\"\npen. Twisting the nib switches the tip from a normal tip to a sharp needle that delivers 7 milligrams of the substance. Only 5 milligrams are necessary for death. The substance causes complete paralysis at 30 to 50 seconds and death at 3 minutes, shutting down all the muscles within the victim (including the diaphragm), with the exception of the heart. However, it makes the murder look like a heart attack, thus raising no suspicion. Disguised as tourists, the team travels across Europe, finding and murdering several major players in the terrorist organization. The first three murders go off fairly", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 43 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1333839", "chunk_text": "\"Thomas Harrison Provenzano\"\ngone to the Court House with the intention of shooting the officer who had charged him. He killed 60-year-old Deputy Sheriff William Arnie Wilkerson, a retired Navy Lt. Commander who had served 14 years with the Sheriff's Department. In addition, 53-year-old Deputy Sheriff Harry Dalton was wounded and suffered brain damage, becoming partially paralyzed and eventually dying from his injuries seven years later in 1991. 19 year old Correctional Officer Mark Parker was hit in the spine and paralyzed from the neck down after being caught in the crossfire as he used his own body to shield a civilian from", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 44 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20772789", "chunk_text": "\"Will Horton and Sonny Kiriakis\"\nas Leo goes flying, he hits his head against the mantelpiece, and dies instantly. It's an accident, but Sonny realizes it's going to look like murder. Sonny asks Will to leave, but Will won't leave Sonny, and although Will wants to call the police, Will actually ends up helping Sonny hide Leo's body. Sonny and Will are then blackmailed by Leo's lawyer Ted Laurent (Gilles Marini) who has found the body. Will seeks his grandma Kate's help, and she scares off Laurent – but tells Will she paid him off. in August 2018, at the wedding of Will's grandma Marlena", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 45 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "538940", "chunk_text": "\"Leo Barnes\"\nCali to a suburban neighborhood where Warren Grass lives. After Leo tells the story of his son's death, he ventures to the Grass household despite Cali's pleas not to give in to revenge. Inside the house, Leo threatens Warren and his wife. He interrogates Warren but later forgives and spares him. A bloodied Leo is shot by Big Daddy as he exits the house. While the latter reprimands Leo for trying to play the hero, while also revealing that the New Founding Fathers have secretly dispatched death squads to increase the body count (because they believe the Purge eliminates too", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 46 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5527316", "chunk_text": "\"Cyril O'Reily\"\nRyan tells him that it was necessary to survive inside Oz. Khan is hooked up to life support which creates animosity among the black inmates and ratchets the racial tension up to an all-time high. A near race riot breaks out, and Oz is locked down. Khan dies after his wife wins a lawsuit to take him off of life support. The lockdown ends and Cyril is having nightmares over Khan's death. Ryan suggests psychotherapy with prison psychologist \"\"Sister Pete\"\" Reimondo, who thinks interaction sessions with the families of Cyril's murder victims is the best way to clear his conscience.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 47 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15903199", "chunk_text": "\"Clouds of Witness\"\nhimself. Denver is acquitted. As he is leaving the House of Lords, Grimethorpe appears, shoots at him, flees, and is run over and killed by a passing taxi. Mrs Grimethorpe, finally free of her husband, declares that she has no interest in continuing her affair with Denver. In the final scene of the book, Inspector Sugg finds Wimsey, Parker, and a friend on the street after midnight, hopelessly drunk, celebrating the end of the case. Sugg assists them into cabs, and reflects, \"\"Thank Gawd there weren't no witnesses\"\". In his 2017 overview of the classic crime genre, Martin Edwards suggests", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 48 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6244411", "chunk_text": "\"Leo Frank\"\nto get her paycheck, waiting there from 12:05 to 12:10, and did not see Frank in his office. The prosecution's theory was that Stover did not see Frank because he was at that time murdering Phagan. Stover's account did not match Frank's initial account that he had not left the office between noon and 12:30. Other testimony indicated that Phagan exited the trolley (or tram) between 12:07 and 12:10. From the stop it was a two- to four-minute walk, suggesting that Stover arrived first, making her testimony and its implications irrelevant: Frank could not be killing Phagan because at the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 49 } ]
test_3432	public companies are part of what economic sector?	n/a	[ "public sector", "The public sector" ]	[]	n/a	n/a	n/a	[]	[ { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14943481", "chunk_text": "\"Public sector\"\nPublic enterprises, or state-owned enterprises, are self-financing commercial enterprises that are under public ownership which provide various private goods and services for sale and usually operate on a commercial basis. Organizations that are not part of the public sector are either a part of the private sector or voluntary sector. The private sector is composed of the economic sectors that are intended to earn a profit for the owners of the enterprise. The voluntary, civic or social sector concerns a diverse array of non-profit organizations emphasizing civil society. The organization of the public sector can take several forms, including: A", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 0 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11946395", "chunk_text": "\"Public sector\"\nPublic sector The public sector (also called the state sector) is the part of the economy composed of both public services and public enterprises. Public services include public goods and governmental services such as the military, police, infrastructure (public roads, bridges, tunnels, water supply, sewers, electrical grids, telecommunications, etc.), public transit, public education, along with health care and those working for the government itself, such as elected officials. The public sector might provide services that a non-payer cannot be excluded from (such as street lighting), services which benefit all of society rather than just the individual who uses the service.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 1 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18100899", "chunk_text": "\"Private sector\"\nPrivate sector The private sector is the part of the economy, sometimes referred to as the citizen sector, which is run by private individuals or groups, usually as a means of enterprise for profit, and is not controlled by the State. The private sector employs most of the workforce in some countries. In private sector, activities are guided by the motive to earn money. A 2013 study by the International Finance Corporation (part of the World Bank Group) identified that 90 percent of jobs in developing countries are in the private sector. In free enterprise countries, such as the United", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 2 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14943482", "chunk_text": "\"Public sector\"\nborderline form is as follows: Public sector The public sector (also called the state sector) is the part of the economy composed of both public services and public enterprises. Public services include public goods and governmental services such as the military, police, infrastructure (public roads, bridges, tunnels, water supply, sewers, electrical grids, telecommunications, etc.), public transit, public education, along with health care and those working for the government itself, such as elected officials. The public sector might provide services that a non-payer cannot be excluded from (such as street lighting), services which benefit all of society rather than just the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 3 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18100902", "chunk_text": "\"Private sector\"\nThis has resulted in many human rights violations across the United States. Private sector The private sector is the part of the economy, sometimes referred to as the citizen sector, which is run by private individuals or groups, usually as a means of enterprise for profit, and is not controlled by the State. The private sector employs most of the workforce in some countries. In private sector, activities are guided by the motive to earn money. A 2013 study by the International Finance Corporation (part of the World Bank Group) identified that 90 percent of jobs in developing countries are", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 4 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2768423", "chunk_text": "\"State ownership\"\nrecently some authors have shown that the investment technology also matters in the Besley-Ghatak framework if an investing party is indispensable or if there are bargaining frictions between the government and the private party. State ownership State ownership (also called public ownership and government ownership) is the ownership of an industry, asset, or enterprise by the state or a public body representing a community as opposed to an individual or private party. Public ownership specifically refers to industries selling goods and services to consumers and differs from public goods and government services financed out of a government’s general budget. Public", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 5 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17799045", "chunk_text": "\"Privately held company\"\nsuch as publicly owned enterprises and government agencies. Private enterprises comprise the private sector of an economy. An economic system that 1) contains a large private sector where privately run businesses are the backbone of the economy, and 2) business surplus is controlled by the owners, is referred to as capitalism. This contrasts with socialism, where industry is owned by the state or by all of the community in common. The act of taking assets into the private sector is referred to as privatization. The goal of private enterprise differs from other institutions, the major difference being private businesses exist", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 6 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3364168", "chunk_text": "\"Public service company\"\nPublic service company A public service company (or public utility company) is a corporation or other non-governmental business entity (i.e. limited partnership) which delivers public services - certain services considered essential to the public interest. The ranks of such companies include public utility companies like natural gas, pipeline, electricity, and water supply companies, sewer companies, telephone companies and telegraph companies. They also include public services such as transportation of passengers or property as a common carrier, such as airlines, railroads, trucking, bus, and taxicab companies. Public service (or utility) companies may operate under certificates of public convenience and necessity which", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 7 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3364170", "chunk_text": "\"Public service company\"\nmarket. In the United States, at an interstate level, most airlines, railroad, and trucking and bus transportation services were deregulated in the last quarter of the 20th century. Many of the changes in the laws at the federal level had the effect of deregulation or substantially weakened similar state and local laws regarding the same services. Public service company A public service company (or public utility company) is a corporation or other non-governmental business entity (i.e. limited partnership) which delivers public services - certain services considered essential to the public interest. The ranks of such companies include public utility companies", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 8 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5737738", "chunk_text": "\"State ownership\"\nState ownership State ownership (also called public ownership and government ownership) is the ownership of an industry, asset, or enterprise by the state or a public body representing a community as opposed to an individual or private party. Public ownership specifically refers to industries selling goods and services to consumers and differs from public goods and government services financed out of a government’s general budget. Public ownership can take place at the national, regional, local, or municipal levels of government; or can refer to non-governmental public ownership vested in autonomous public enterprises. Public ownership is one of the three major", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 9 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20597548", "chunk_text": "\"Public company\"\nPublic company A public company, publicly traded company, publicly held company, publicly listed company, or public limited company is a corporation whose ownership is dispersed among the general public in many shares of stock which are freely traded on a stock exchange or in over the counter markets. In some jurisdictions, public companies over a certain size must be listed on an exchange. A public company can be listed (listed company) or unlisted (unlisted public company). Public companies are formed within the legal systems of particular nations, and therefore have national associations and formal designations which are distinct and separate.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 10 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12577121", "chunk_text": "\"Public economics\"\nPublic economics Public economics (or economics of the public sector) is the study of government policy through the lens of economic efficiency and equity. At its most basic level, public economics provides a framework for thinking about whether or not the government should participate in economic markets and to what extent it should do so. In order to do this, microeconomic theory is utilized to assess whether the private market is likely to provide efficient outcomes in the absence of governmental interference. Inherently, this study involves the analysis of government taxation and expenditures. This subject encompasses a host of topics", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 11 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17168579", "chunk_text": "\"Public finance\"\n\"\"GFSM 2001\"\" disaggregates the general government into subsectors: central government, state government, and local government (See Figure 1). The concept of general government does not include public corporations. The general government plus the public corporations comprise the public sector (See Figure 2). The general government sector of a nation includes all non-private sector institutions, organisations and activities. The general government sector, by convention, includes all the public corporations that are not able to cover at least 50% of their costs by sales, and, therefore, are considered non-market producers. In the European System of Accounts, the sector “general government” has been", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 12 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4068277", "chunk_text": "\"Socialist market economy\"\nor public service entities, with the former being required to distribute a higher proportion of their profits as dividends. Dividend payments are set to rise from 5-15% to 30% by 2020. Privately owned enterprises (POEs) are recognized as one of the components of the socialist market economy alongside state, collective and individually owned enterprises. The private sector has played an increasingly large role since the adoption of the 1994 Company Law. Additionally, the boundary between public and private enterprises have blurred in China as many publicly listed firms are under mixed ownership by various state and non-state entities. Additionally, private", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 13 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5036993", "chunk_text": "\"Public capital\"\nPublic capital Public capital is the aggregate body of government-owned assets that are used as a means for productivity. Such assets span a wide range including: large components such as highways, airports, roads, transit systems, and railways; local, municipal components such as public education, public hospitals, police and fire protection, prisons, and courts; and critical components including water and sewer systems, public electric and gas utilities, and telecommunications. Often, public capital is defined as government outlay, in terms of money, and as physical stock, in terms of infrastructure. In 1988, the U.S. infrastructure system including all public and private non-residential", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 14 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7225083", "chunk_text": "\"Public company\"\nFor example one of the main public company forms in the United States is called a limited liability company (or LLC), in France is called a \"\"society of limited responsibility\"\" (SARL), in Britain a public limited company (plc), and in Germany a company with limited liability (GmbH). While the general idea of a public company may be similar, differences are meaningful, and are at the core of international law disputes with regard to industry and trade. In the early modern period, the Dutch developed several financial instruments and helped lay the foundations of modern financial system. The Dutch East India", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 15 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12577132", "chunk_text": "\"Public economics\"\nof Water-Resource Systems: New Techniques for Relating Economic Objectives, Engineering Analysis, and Governmental Planning\"\" (1962). Public economics Public economics (or economics of the public sector) is the study of government policy through the lens of economic efficiency and equity. At its most basic level, public economics provides a framework for thinking about whether or not the government should participate in economic markets and to what extent it should do so. In order to do this, microeconomic theory is utilized to assess whether the private market is likely to provide efficient outcomes in the absence of governmental interference. Inherently, this study", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 16 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20031404", "chunk_text": "\"Tradable sector\"\nTradable sector The tradable sector of a country's economy is made up of the industry sectors whose output in terms of goods and services are traded internationally, or could be traded internationally given a plausible variation in relative prices. Most commonly, the tradable sector consists largely of sectors of the manufacturing industry, while the non-tradable sector consists of locally-rendered services, including health, education, retail and construction. Tradable jobs can be performed by individuals outside a country: manufacturing, consulting, engineering, finance. Non-tradable jobs can realistically only be performed by domestic workforce: government, health care, hospitality, food service, education, retail, and construction.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 17 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10701896", "chunk_text": "Business\nportfolio companies\"\" and restricted purpose companies. There are, however, many, many sub-categories of types of company that can be formed in various jurisdictions in the world. Companies are also sometimes distinguished for legal and regulatory purposes between public companies and private companies. Public companies are companies whose shares can be publicly traded, often (although not always) on a stock exchange which imposes listing requirements/Listing Rules as to the issued shares, the trading of shares and future issue of shares to help bolster the reputation of the exchange or particular market of an exchange. Private companies do not have publicly traded", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 18 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10074235", "chunk_text": "\"Public capital\"\nChile installed five combined cycle gas-turbined (CCGT) power plants to meet its nation’s growing energy needs. Public capital Public capital is the aggregate body of government-owned assets that are used as a means for productivity. Such assets span a wide range including: large components such as highways, airports, roads, transit systems, and railways; local, municipal components such as public education, public hospitals, police and fire protection, prisons, and courts; and critical components including water and sewer systems, public electric and gas utilities, and telecommunications. Often, public capital is defined as government outlay, in terms of money, and as physical stock,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 19 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1676888", "chunk_text": "\"Groupement d'intérêt économique\"\nof 6 partners that come from both the private and the public sector (including three Ministries). Groupement d'intérêt économique A Groupement d'intérêt économique (abbreviated \"\"GIE\"\"; in English Economic Interest Grouping or Economic Interest Group, abbreviated \"\"EIG\"\") is a Francophone consortium of related businesses, companies, foundations, organisations or institutes which are formally pooling their efforts for competitive advantage. Most partners come from the private sector but inclusion of public sector partners is not unusual. For example, a number of businesses in the umbrella industry located in Aurillac, France, Europe formed a GIE to better meet the challenges of competing globally. Another", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 20 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12109449", "chunk_text": "\"Publicly traded private equity\"\nPublicly traded private equity Publicly traded private equity (also referred to as publicly quoted private equity or publicly listed private equity) refers to an investment firm or investment vehicle, which makes investments conforming to one of the various private equity strategies, and is listed on a public stock exchange. There are fundamentally two separate opportunities that private equity firms pursued in the public markets. These options involved a public listing of either: Historically, in the United States, there had been a group of publicly traded private equity firms that were registered as business development companies (BDCs) under the Investment Company", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 21 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1676887", "chunk_text": "\"Groupement d'intérêt économique\"\nGroupement d'intérêt économique A Groupement d'intérêt économique (abbreviated \"\"GIE\"\"; in English Economic Interest Grouping or Economic Interest Group, abbreviated \"\"EIG\"\") is a Francophone consortium of related businesses, companies, foundations, organisations or institutes which are formally pooling their efforts for competitive advantage. Most partners come from the private sector but inclusion of public sector partners is not unusual. For example, a number of businesses in the umbrella industry located in Aurillac, France, Europe formed a GIE to better meet the challenges of competing globally. Another example is Luxinnovation GIE, the National Agency for Innovation and Research of Luxembourg. It is composed", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 22 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13847444", "chunk_text": "\"Corporate statism\"\nCorporate statism Corporate statism, state corporatism, or simply corporatism, is a political culture and a form of corporatism closely related to fascism whose adherents hold that the corporate group which is the basis of society is the state. The state requires all members of a particular economic sector to join an officially designated interest group. Such interest groups thus attain public status, and they participate in national policymaking. The result is that the state has great control over the groups, and groups have great control over their members. As with other political cultures, societies have existed historically which exemplified corporate", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 23 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18248140", "chunk_text": "\"Infrastructure and economics\"\nInfrastructure and economics This article delineates the relationship between infrastructure and various economic issues. Infrastructure may be owned and managed by governments or by private companies, such as sole public utility or railway companies. Generally, most roads, major ports and airports, water distribution systems and sewage networks are publicly owned, whereas most energy and telecommunications networks are privately owned. Publicly owned infrastructure may be paid for from taxes, tolls, or metered user fees, whereas private infrastructure is generally paid for by metered user fees. Major investment projects are generally financed by the issuance of long-term bonds. Hence, government owned and", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 24 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5567080", "chunk_text": "\"Public limited company\"\nPublic limited company A public limited company (legally abbreviated to plc) is a type of public company under the United Kingdom company law, some Commonwealth jurisdictions, and the Republic of Ireland. It is a limited liability company whose shares may be freely sold and traded to the public (although a plc may also be privately held, often by another plc), with a minimum share capital of £50,000 and usually with the letters PLC after its name. Similar companies in the United States are called \"\"publicly traded companies\"\". Public limited companies will also have a separate legal identity. A PLC can", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 25 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17103378", "chunk_text": "\"Social economy\"\nindustry\"\" encompasses all economic activity with the capital of one (or many) private owners, with a view to making a profit for personal benefit. The owners supply financial capital and bear any risk. “Public authorities” encompass all economic activity in which public authorities possess the capital at the European, federal, regional or local level; this includes nationalised and public industries. On the vertical axis each enterprise or organisation is categorized by its primary objective, from \"\"social purpose\"\" at the top to \"\"commercial purpose\"\" at the bottom. Social purpose is the primary objective of the enterprise if it meets the following", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 26 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8609246", "chunk_text": "Corporatization\nCorporatization Corporatization is the process of transforming state assets, government agencies, or municipal organizations into corporations. It refers to a restructuring of government and public organizations into their administration. The result of corporatization is the creation of state-owned corporations (or corporations at other government levels, such as municipally owned corporations) where the government retains a majority ownership of the corporation's stock. In contrast, the term may also refer to the construction of state corporatism, where state-owned corporations are created and delegated public joint-stock, publicly listed companies, in order to introduce corporate and business management techniques to social tasks resembling corporate", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 27 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2536860", "chunk_text": "\"Private sector involvement\"\nPrivate sector involvement In the context of sovereign debt crisis, private sector involvement (PSI) refers, broadly speaking, to the contributions or efforts of private sector creditors to the crisis resolution process, and, specifically, means that the private sector shares some of the costs of a financial crisis by incurring itself financial losses. The term \"\"private sector involvement\"\" was introduced in the late-1990s in the context of the discussions on bond restructurings and capital account crises. Previously, the term used to broadly denote any kind of private-sector participation into an existing government program, such as, for example, family planning, or health", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 28 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11309673", "chunk_text": "\"Public sector undertakings in India\"\nPublic sector undertakings in India A state-owned enterprise in India is called a public sector undertaking (PSU) or a public sector enterprise. These companies are owned by the union government of India, or one of the many state or territorial governments, or both. The company stock needs to be majority-owned by the government to be a PSU. PSUs may be classified as central public sector enterprises (CPSEs) or state level public enterprises (SLPEs). In 1951 there were just five enterprises in the public sector in India, but in March 1991 this had increased to 246. CPSEs are companies in which", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 29 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15171327", "chunk_text": "\"Public service company\"\nmay limit competition. Their services may be subject to rate control and other regulations which are not common to general businesses. The concept of public service companies was that, in order to attract sufficient private investment capital and guarantee sufficient revenues to ensure appropriate operations and services, protection from ruinous competition and additional governmental oversight of rates and services were required to balance the needs of the owners of the business with those of the general public. Under concepts of deregulation, many principles under which public service companies have long operated are negated and replaced by those of a competitive", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 30 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20597562", "chunk_text": "\"Public company\"\nto pay. While this is rare when the company is traded on a major stock exchange, it is not uncommon when shares are traded over-the-counter (OTC). Since individual buyers and sellers need to incorporate news about the company into their purchasing decisions, a security with an imbalance of buyers or sellers may not feel the full effect of recent news. Public company A public company, publicly traded company, publicly held company, publicly listed company, or public limited company is a corporation whose ownership is dispersed among the general public in many shares of stock which are freely traded on a", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 31 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10138237", "chunk_text": "\"State-owned enterprise\"\nTypical sectors included telephones, electric power, fossil fuels, railways, airlines, iron ore, media, postal services, banks, and water. Many large industrial corporations were also nationalized or created as government corporations, including, among many others: British Steel Corporation, Statoil and Irish Sugar. A state-run enterprise may operate differently from an ordinary limited liability corporation. For example, in Finland, state-run enterprises (\"\"liikelaitos\"\") are governed by a separate act. Even though responsible for their own finances, they cannot be declared bankrupt; the state answers for the liabilities. Stocks of the corporation are not sold and loans have to be government-approved, as they are", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 32 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20597557", "chunk_text": "\"Public company\"\ncompany or a combination of both. When the compensation is primarily shares then the deal is often considered a merger. Subsidiaries and joint ventures can also be created \"\"de novo\"\" — this often happens in the financial sector. Subsidiaries and joint ventures of publicly traded companies are not generally considered to be privately held companies (even though they themselves are not publicly traded) and are generally subject to the same reporting requirements as publicly traded companies. Finally, shares in subsidiaries and joint ventures can be (re)-offered to the public at any time — firms that are sold in this manner", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 33 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5775819", "chunk_text": "\"State-owned enterprises of South Africa\"\nState-owned enterprises of South Africa In South Africa the Department of Public Enterprises is the shareholder representative of the South African Government with oversight responsibility for state-owned enterprises in key sectors. Some companies are not directly controlled by the Department of Public Enterprises, but by various other departments. State-owned enterprises play a significant role in the South African economy. In key sectors such as electricity, transport (air, rail, freight, and pipelines), and telecommunications, SOEs play a lead role, often defined by law, although limited competition is allowed in some sectors (i.e., telecommunications and air). The government’s interest in these sectors", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 34 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10749896", "chunk_text": "\"State-owned enterprise\"\nallow capturing economies of scale while they can simultaneously achieve a public objective. For that reason, SOEs primarily operate in the domain of infrastructure (e.g. railway companies), strategic goods and services (e.g. postal services, arms manufacturing and procurement), natural resources and energy (e.g. nuclear facilities, alternative energy delivery), politically sensitive business, broadcasting, banking, demerit goods (e.g. alcoholic beverages), and merit goods (healthcare). SOEs can also help foster industries that are \"\"considered economically desirable and that would otherwise not be developed through private investments\"\". When nascent or 'infant' industries have difficulty getting investments from the private sector (perhaps because the good", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 35 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14809029", "chunk_text": "\"Public sector real estate\"\nPublic sector real estate In the United States, public sector real estate is the collection of publicly owned, publicly managed and publicly leased real property assets. It is also known as publicly owned, managed and leased public land, public waterways, public right of ways, and the air, space, mineral right, items constructed on or attached to that which is publicly governed, owned, leased, gifted, paid in whole or in part, or managed by an entity that receives public funds, payments, tax credits or exemptions. Most real estate that is owned by a non-private entity is viewed as public sector real", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 36 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18100900", "chunk_text": "\"Private sector\"\nStates of America, the private sector is wider, and places fewer constraints on firms. In countries with more government authority, such as China, the public sector makes up most of the economy. States legally regulate the private sector. Businesses operating within a country must comply with the laws in that country. In some cases, usually involving multinational corporations that can pick and choose their suppliers and locations based on their perception of the regulatory environment, local state regulations have resulted in uneven practices within one company. For example, workers in one country may benefit from strong labour unions, while workers", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 37 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7627650", "chunk_text": "\"Private sector development\"\nPrivate sector development Private Sector Development (PSD) is a term in the international development industry to refer to a range of strategies for promoting economic growth and reducing poverty in developing countries by building private enterprises. This could be through working with firms directly, with membership organisations to represent them, or through a range of areas of policy and regulation to promote functioning, competitive markets. Supporters argue that PSD is an important part of poverty reduction. Whether as workers, subsistence farmers or entrepreneurs, most poor people already participate in markets. Strengthening these markets in ways that secure higher incomes for", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 38 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17168576", "chunk_text": "\"Public finance\"\nretail sales. Sale of natural resources, and especially petroleum products, were an important source of revenue for the Soviet Union. In market-oriented economies with substantial state enterprise, such as in Venezuela, the state-run oil company PSDVA provides revenue for the government to fund its operations and programs that would otherwise be profit for private owners. In various mixed economies, the revenue generated by state-run or state-owned enterprises are used for various state endeavors; typically the revenue generated by state and government agencies goes into a sovereign wealth fund. An example of this is the Alaska Permanent Fund and Singapore's Temasek", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 39 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7641755", "chunk_text": "\"Tertiary sector of the economy\"\nTertiary sector of the economy The tertiary sector or service sector is the third of the three economic sectors of the three-sector theory. The others are the secondary sector (approximately the same as manufacturing), and the primary sector (raw materials). The service sector consists of the production of services instead of end products. Services (also known as \"\"intangible goods\"\") include attention, advice, access, experience, and affective labor. The production of information has long been regarded as a service, but some economists now attribute it to a fourth sector, the quaternary sector. The tertiary sector of industry involves the provision of", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 40 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6430828", "chunk_text": "\"Public–private partnership\"\nwhile benefitting from the upside potential of shared cost savings. The private entity is made up of any combination of participants who have a vested interested in working together to provide core competencies in operations, technology, funding and technical expertise. The opportunity for multi-sector market participants includes hospital providers and physician groups, technology companies, pharmaceutical and medical device companies, private health insurers, facilities managers and construction firms. Funding sources could include banks, private equity firms, philanthropists and pension fund managers. For more than two decades public–private partnerships have been used to finance health infrastructure. Governments are increasingly looking to the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 41 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1025737", "chunk_text": "\"Public-sector trade union\"\nPublic-sector trade union A public-sector trade union (or public-sector labor union) is a trade union which primarily represents the interests of employees within public sector or governmental organizations. In the late 1800s, trade unions first appeared to support workers in a variety of urban and industrial jobs. After facing violent repression, such as during the 1934 United Fruit Strike, unions gained more power following the 1948 Costa Rican Civil War, and public sector unions appeared. Previous administrations and assesmblies paid very little attention to Costa Rica's trade unions;, however when the Luis Guillermo Solís and the 2014 legislative assembly took", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 42 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14098388", "chunk_text": "\"Public limited company\"\na minimum of 25% part paid. Public limited company A public limited company (legally abbreviated to plc) is a type of public company under the United Kingdom company law, some Commonwealth jurisdictions, and the Republic of Ireland. It is a limited liability company whose shares may be freely sold and traded to the public (although a plc may also be privately held, often by another plc), with a minimum share capital of £50,000 and usually with the letters PLC after its name. Similar companies in the United States are called \"\"publicly traded companies\"\". Public limited companies will also have a", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 43 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11789929", "chunk_text": "Economics\nrights. Public finance is the field of economics that deals with budgeting the revenues and expenditures of a public sector entity, usually government. The subject addresses such matters as tax incidence (who really pays a particular tax), cost-benefit analysis of government programmes, effects on economic efficiency and income distribution of different kinds of spending and taxes, and fiscal politics. The latter, an aspect of public choice theory, models public-sector behaviour analogously to microeconomics, involving interactions of self-interested voters, politicians, and bureaucrats. Much of economics is positive, seeking to describe and predict economic phenomena. Normative economics seeks to identify what economies", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 44 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17874778", "chunk_text": "\"Federal Public Service Economy\"\nFederal Public Service Economy The FPS Economy, SMEs, Middle Classes, and Energy (, , ), more commonly known as the FPS Economy, is a Federal Public Service of Belgium. It was created by Royal Order on February 25, 2002, as part of the plans of the Verhofstadt I Government to modernise the federal administration. It is responsible for contributing to the development, competitiveness and sustainability of the goods and services market, ensuring the position of the Belgian economy at the international level, promoting trade by fair economic relations in a competitive market, collecting, processing and disseminating economic information. The FPS", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 45 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1639722", "chunk_text": "Finance\n(whether its preferred stock or common stock), may be \"\"institutional investors\"\" – financial institutions such as investment banks and pension funds or private individuals, called \"\"private investors\"\" or \"\"retail investors\"\". Public finance describes finance as related to sovereign states and sub-national entities (states/provinces, counties, municipalities, etc.) and related public entities (e.g. school districts) or agencies. It usually encompasses a long-term strategic perspective regarding investment decisions that affect public entities. These long-term strategic periods usually encompass five or more years. Public finance is primarily concerned with: Central banks, such as the Federal Reserve System banks in the United States and Bank", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 46 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8478240", "chunk_text": "\"Japanese public corporations\"\nJapanese public corporations Although the Japanese economy is largely based on private enterprise, it has a number of government-owned (public) corporations, which are more extensive and, in some cases, different in function from what exists in the United States. In 1988 there were ninety-seven public corporations, reduced from 111 in the early 1980s as a result of administrative reforms. Public companies at the national level were normally affiliated with one of the economic ministries, although the extent of direct management and supervision varied. The government divided the national-level corporations into several categories. The first included the main public service and", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 47 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20380728", "chunk_text": "\"Public–private partnerships in India\"\nPublic–private partnerships in India The public–private partnership (\"\"PPP\"\" or \"\"3P\"\") is a commercial legal relationship defined by the Government of India in 2011 as \"\"a\"\"n arrangement between a government / statutory entity / government owned entity on one side and a private sector entity on the other, for the provision of public assets and/or public services, through investments being made and/or management being undertaken by the private sector entity, for a specified period of time, where there is well defined allocation of risk between the private sector and the public entity and the private entity receives performance linked payments that", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 48 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17168562", "chunk_text": "\"Public finance\"\nPublic finance Public finance is the study of the role of the government in the economy. It is the branch of economics which assesses the government revenue and government expenditure of the public authorities and the adjustment of one or the other to achieve desirable effects and avoid undesirable ones. The purview of public finance is considered to be threefold: governmental effects on (1) efficient allocation of resources, (2) distribution of income, and (3) macroeconomic stabilization. The proper role of government provides a starting point for the analysis of public finance. In theory, under certain circumstances, private markets will allocate", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 49 } ]
test_3433	who played young clark kent in 1978 superman?	n/a	[ "Jeff East" ]	[]	n/a	n/a	n/a	[]	[ { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4860775", "chunk_text": "\"Superman (1978 film)\"\nSuperman (1978 film) Superman (informally titled Superman: The Movie in some listings and reference sources) is a 1978 superhero film directed by Richard Donner starring Christopher Reeve as Superman based on the DC Comics character of the same name. An international co-production between the United Kingdom, Switzerland, Panama and the United States, the film stars an ensemble cast featuring Marlon Brando, Gene Hackman, Christopher Reeve, Jeff East, Margot Kidder, Glenn Ford, Phyllis Thaxter, Jackie Cooper, Trevor Howard, Marc McClure, Terence Stamp, Valerie Perrine, Ned Beatty, Jack O'Halloran, Maria Schell, and Sarah Douglas. It depicts Superman's origin, including his infancy as", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 0 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1017967", "chunk_text": "\"Superman (1978 film)\"\nor Jor-El for $4 million, turning down all three roles. When it was next decided to cast an unknown actor, casting director Lynn Stalmaster first suggested Christopher Reeve, but Donner and the producers felt he was too young and skinny. Over 200 unknown actors auditioned for Superman. Olympic champion Bruce (Caitlyn) Jenner had auditioned for the title role. Patrick Wayne was cast, but dropped out when his father John Wayne was diagnosed with stomach cancer. Both Neil Diamond and Arnold Schwarzenegger lobbied hard for the role, but were ignored. James Caan, James Brolin, Lyle Waggoner, Christopher Walken, Nick Nolte, Jon", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 1 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10849068", "chunk_text": "\"Aaron Smolinski\"\nAaron Smolinski Aaron Smolinski is a Canadian actor. His first acting role was as at the age of two in the 1978 film \"\"Superman\"\" as the infant Clark Kent. He has also appeared in \"\"Superman II\"\" and in different roles in \"\"Superman III\"\" and \"\"Man of Steel\"\". Aaron grew up in Calgary, Alberta, Canada with his parents (Leslie and Susanne) and brother (Travis). He performed in multiple movies, \"\"Superman\"\", \"\"Superman II\"\", and \"\"Superman III\"\", as well as many TV commercials. At primary school, Aaron was very athletic, participating in soccer, ice hockey and gymnastics. When his family moved to southern", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 2 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7929107", "chunk_text": "\"Aaron Smolinski\"\nCalifornia, he gave up acting to follow gymnastics. His family moved back to Calgary where he enrolled at the University of Calgary to study for a career in child psychology. Aaron Smolinski has two children: Addyson and Logan Smolinski. His brother, Travis, has three children: Hunter, Colton, and Sierra Smolinski. Aaron Smolinski Aaron Smolinski is a Canadian actor. His first acting role was as at the age of two in the 1978 film \"\"Superman\"\" as the infant Clark Kent. He has also appeared in \"\"Superman II\"\" and in different roles in \"\"Superman III\"\" and \"\"Man of Steel\"\". Aaron grew up", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 3 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11379064", "chunk_text": "\"Jeff East\"\nJeff East Jeffrey Franklin East (born October 27, 1957) is an American actor. Beginning his professional acting career at the age of fourteen, East is known for his portrayal of Huckleberry Finn in the United Artists feature films \"\"Tom Sawyer\"\" (1973) and \"\"Huckleberry Finn\"\" (1974), as well as for his portrayal of a teenage Clark Kent in Richard Donner's \"\"Superman: The Movie\"\" (1978). East was born Jeffrey Franklin East on October 27, 1957, in Kansas City, Missouri, to parents Ira and Joan Ann East. His father worked in real estate and his mother was a home-maker. East grew up with", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 4 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10996610", "chunk_text": "\"Christopher Reeve\"\nChristopher Reeve Christopher D'Olier Reeve (September 25, 1952 – October 10, 2004) was an American actor, director, producer, screenwriter, author, activist, and equestrian, best known for his portrayal of Superman, beginning with the acclaimed \"\"Superman\"\" (1978), for which he won a BAFTA Award. He also appeared in other critically acclaimed films such as \"\"The Bostonians\"\" (1984), \"\"Street Smart\"\" (1987), and \"\"The Remains of the Day\"\" (1993). He received a Screen Actors Guild Award and a Golden Globe Award nomination for his performance in the television remake of \"\"Rear Window\"\" (1998). On May 27, 1995, Reeve was left quadriplegic after being", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 5 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4860776", "chunk_text": "\"Superman (1978 film)\"\nKal-El of Krypton and his youthful years in the rural town of Smallville. Disguised as reporter Clark Kent, he adopts a mild-mannered disposition in Metropolis and develops a romance with Lois Lane, while battling the villainous Lex Luthor. Several directors, most notably Guy Hamilton, and screenwriters (Mario Puzo, David and Leslie Newman, and Robert Benton), were associated with the project before Richard Donner was hired to direct. Tom Mankiewicz was drafted in to rewrite the script and was given a \"\"creative consultant\"\" credit. It was decided to film both \"\"Superman\"\" and its sequel \"\"Superman II\"\" (1980) simultaneously, with principal photography", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 6 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1017958", "chunk_text": "\"Superman (1978 film)\"\nmissiles, and Reed plays himself as he meets Lois and Clark outside the \"\"Daily Planet\"\" headquarters. Ilya Salkind had first conceived the idea for a Superman film in late 1973. In November 1974, after a long, difficult process with DC Comics, the Superman film rights were purchased by Ilya, his father Alexander Salkind, and their partner Pierre Spengler. DC wanted a list of actors that were to be considered for Superman, and approved the producer's choices of Muhammad Ali, Al Pacino, James Caan, Steve McQueen, Clint Eastwood and Dustin Hoffman. The filmmakers felt it was best to film \"\"Superman\"\" and", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 7 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17249513", "chunk_text": "\"Adventures of Superman (TV series)\"\ntruly over. Another spin-off idea was a pilot Whitney Ellsworth produced in 1961: \"\"The Adventures of Superboy\"\". Johnny Rockwell starred as a young Clark Kent in Smallville, and as Superboy, he wore a suit similar in design to George Reeves' suit. Although thirteen scripts had been written, only the pilot was filmed. Neill and her original 1948 \"\"Superman\"\" serial co-star, Kirk Alyn, enjoyed cameos in the 1978 film \"\"Superman\"\" as Lois Lane's parents. Their dialogue scene was cut for theatrical release, but played in its entirety when the film was broadcast on TV, and later in the 2001 director's cut", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 8 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5688114", "chunk_text": "\"Superman in film\"\n\"\"Superman Returns\"\" for its connection to Richard Donner's version, and previously used the 1978 film as casting inspiration for \"\"Batman Begins\"\". Zack Snyder was hired as the film's director in October 2010. Principal photography started in August 2011 in West Chicago, Illinois, before moving to Vancouver and Plano, Illinois. The film stars Henry Cavill as Clark Kent/Kal-El/Superman, Amy Adams as Lois Lane, Michael Shannon as General Zod, Diane Lane as Martha Kent, Kevin Costner as Jonathan Kent, Laurence Fishburne as Perry White, and Russell Crowe as Jor-El. David S. Goyer and Zack Snyder are set to write and direct a", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 9 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11378342", "chunk_text": "\"Superman (1978 film)\"\nDavies, watched the film in late 1978. In 2006 the \"\"Last Son\"\" comic book story arc debuted in Action Comics, co-written by \"\"Superman\"\" director Richard Donner. The film is recognized by American Film Institute in these lists: In December 2017, the film was selected for preservation by the United States Library of Congress National Film Registry, for being \"\"culturally, historically or aesthetically significant\"\". Superman (1978 film) Superman (informally titled Superman: The Movie in some listings and reference sources) is a 1978 superhero film directed by Richard Donner starring Christopher Reeve as Superman based on the DC Comics character of the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 10 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15546816", "chunk_text": "\"Clark Kent\"\nhas a good, often wisecracking, sense of humor. Reeves, who first appeared as the character in the 1951 film \"\"Superman and the Mole Men\"\", was older than subsequent Superman actors. In 1978, the first of four Superman films was made in which Clark Kent and Superman were portrayed by Christopher Reeve (with teenage Kent played by Jeff East in the first film). This was followed nearly two decades later by a fifth film called \"\"Superman Returns\"\" with Brandon Routh giving a performance very similar to Reeve's. In contrast to George Reeves' intellectual Clark Kent, Reeve's version is much more of", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 11 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11378278", "chunk_text": "\"Superman (1978 film)\"\nsunrise for further adventures. Kirk Alyn and Noel Neill have cameo appearances as Lois Lane's father and mother in a deleted scene that was restored in later home media releases. Alyn and Neill portrayed Superman and Lois Lane in the film serials \"\"Superman\"\" (1948) and \"\"Atom Man vs. Superman\"\" (1950), and were the first actors to portray the characters onscreen in a live-action format. Neill reprised her role in the 1950s \"\"Adventures of Superman\"\" TV series. Larry Hagman and Rex Reed also make cameos; Hagman plays an army major in charge of a convoy that is transporting one of the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 12 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2922707", "chunk_text": "\"Christopher Reeve\"\nfather. Christopher Reeve Christopher D'Olier Reeve (September 25, 1952 – October 10, 2004) was an American actor, director, producer, screenwriter, author, activist, and equestrian, best known for his portrayal of Superman, beginning with the acclaimed \"\"Superman\"\" (1978), for which he won a BAFTA Award. He also appeared in other critically acclaimed films such as \"\"The Bostonians\"\" (1984), \"\"Street Smart\"\" (1987), and \"\"The Remains of the Day\"\" (1993). He received a Screen Actors Guild Award and a Golden Globe Award nomination for his performance in the television remake of \"\"Rear Window\"\" (1998). On May 27, 1995, Reeve was left quadriplegic after", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 13 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1017968", "chunk_text": "\"Superman (1978 film)\"\nVoight, and Perry King were approached. Kris Kristofferson and Charles Bronson were also considered for the title role. James Caan said he was offered the part but turned it down. \"\"I just couldn't wear that suit.\"\" \"\"We found guys with fabulous physique who couldn't act or wonderful actors who did not look remotely like Superman,\"\" creative consultant Tom Mankiewicz remembered. The search became so desperate that producer Ilya Salkind's wife's dentist was screen tested. Stalmaster convinced Donner and Ilya to have Reeve screen test in February 1977. Reeve stunned the director and producers, but he was told to wear a", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 14 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1017970", "chunk_text": "\"Superman (1978 film)\"\ndoor in my face.\"\" Jeff East portrays teenage Clark Kent. East's lines were overdubbed by Reeve during post-production. \"\"I was not happy about it because the producers never told me what they had in mind,\"\" East commented. \"\"It was done without my permission but it turned out to be okay. Chris did a good job but it caused tension between us. We resolved our issues with each other years later.\"\" East also tore several thigh muscles when performing the stunt of racing alongside the train. He applied 3 to 4 hours of prosthetic makeup daily to facially resemble Reeve. Principal", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 15 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "650062", "chunk_text": "\"Kirk Alyn\"\nKirk Alyn Kirk Alyn (born John Feggo Jr., October 8, 1910 – March 14, 1999) was an American actor, best known for being the first actor to play the DC Comics character Superman in live-action for the 1948 movie serial \"\"Superman\"\" and its 1950 sequel \"\"Atom Man vs. Superman\"\", as well as Blackhawk from the \"\"Blackhawk\"\" movie serial in 1952, and General Sam Lane in 1978's \"\"Superman: The Movie\"\". Kirk Alyn was born as John Feggo Jr. on October 8, 1910 in Oxford, New Jersey, to Hungarian immigrant parents. In his youth he lived in Wharton, New Jersey. A plaque", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 16 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1017966", "chunk_text": "\"Superman (1978 film)\"\ncrest resembling a different letter, justifying the 'S' on Superman's costume. The Writers Guild of America refused to credit Mankiewicz for his rewrites, so Donner gave him a creative consultant credit, much to the annoyance of the Guild. It was initially decided to first sign an A-list actor for Superman before Richard Donner was hired as director. Robert Redford was offered a large sum, but felt he was too famous. Burt Reynolds also turned down the role, while Sylvester Stallone was interested, but nothing ever came of it. Paul Newman was offered his choice of roles as Superman, Lex Luthor", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 17 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "650070", "chunk_text": "\"Kirk Alyn\"\ncompany's 50th anniversary publication \"\"Fifty Who Made DC Great\"\". Kirk Alyn Kirk Alyn (born John Feggo Jr., October 8, 1910 – March 14, 1999) was an American actor, best known for being the first actor to play the DC Comics character Superman in live-action for the 1948 movie serial \"\"Superman\"\" and its 1950 sequel \"\"Atom Man vs. Superman\"\", as well as Blackhawk from the \"\"Blackhawk\"\" movie serial in 1952, and General Sam Lane in 1978's \"\"Superman: The Movie\"\". Kirk Alyn was born as John Feggo Jr. on October 8, 1910 in Oxford, New Jersey, to Hungarian immigrant parents. In his", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 18 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1017950", "chunk_text": "\"Superman (1978 film)\"\na planet with a suitable atmosphere where his dense molecular structure will give him superhuman strength and other powers. Shortly after the launch, Krypton's sun explodes, destroying the planet. The ship crash lands on Earth near Smallville, Kansas. Kal-El, who is now three years old, is found by Jonathan and Martha Kent, who are astonished when he lifts their truck. They take him to their farm and raise him as their own, naming him Clark after Martha's maiden name. At 18, soon after Jonathan's death from a heart attack, Clark hears a psychic \"\"call\"\" and discovers the glowing green crystal", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 19 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2816027", "chunk_text": "\"Origin of Superman\"\nis hired by the Daily Planet after getting an exclusive interview with a man rescued by Superman in his first public appearance. The origin presented in Richard Donner's 1978 \"\"Superman\"\" film is considered to be the definitive origin story not only for Superman, but a template for origins stories in the super hero movie genre. The film keeps the classic components intact, but explores more of Clark's boyhood in Smallville. Much of the film's groundwork is laid during the film's first sequences on the planet Krypton, with actor Marlon Brando portraying Superman's Kryptonian father, Jor-El. In this film, Jonathan Kent", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 20 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6761081", "chunk_text": "\"Superman in film\"\nthe script, giving it a serious feel with Christ-like overtones. Christopher Reeve was cast as Superman, having initially failed to impress the Salkinds before bulking up. Brando meanwhile, despite spending less than two weeks on the shoot, and not even reading the script until then, earned $3.7 million up front, plus 11.75% of the gross profits from the film. The film was a success both critically and commercially, being released during the Christmas season of 1978; it did not have much competition, leading the producers to believe that this was one factor in the film's success. Shooting of the two", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 21 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5780024", "chunk_text": "\"Origin of Superman\"\nfootage of Marlon Brando as Jor-El, and nearly identical set design for Kryptonian structures as the 1978 film. Subtle similarities were also purposefully created, such as modeling the \"\"new\"\" Kent farmhouse after the \"\"old\"\" one, and having Eva Marie Saint's Martha Kent drive the same make and color of pickup truck as driven by the Kents in the original film. Certain scenes in the Kent farm also showed pictures of Brandon Routh's Clark Kent inserted into photos with Glenn Ford's Jonathan Kent. In 2010, Warner Bros announced that Christopher Nolan, who had previously directed Batman's origin story in \"\"Batman Begins\"\",", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 22 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17512751", "chunk_text": "\"Dean Cain\"\nDean Cain Dean George Cain (né Tanaka; born July 31, 1966) is an American actor, producer and television show host, best known for playing the role of Clark Kent/Superman in the TV series \"\"\"\". He was also host of \"\"Ripley's Believe It or Not!\"\" and appeared in the soap opera series \"\"Hit the Floor\"\". Dean George Tanaka was born on July 31, 1966 in Mount Clemens, Michigan, the biological son of Roger Tanaka and actress Sharon Thomas. He is of French Canadian, Irish, Japanese and Welsh descent. In 1969, Cain's mother married film director Christopher Cain, who adopted Dean and", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 23 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4860827", "chunk_text": "\"Superman (1978 film)\"\naverage rating of 8/10. The website's critical consensus reads, \"\"\"\"Superman\"\" deftly blends humor and gravitas, taking advantage of the perfectly cast Reeve to craft a loving, nostalgic tribute to an American pop culture icon.\"\" Metacritic collected an average score of 88, resulting in \"\"universal acclaim\"\", based on twelve reviews. The film was widely regarded as one of top 10 films of 1978. \"\"Superman\"\" creators Jerry Siegel and Joe Shuster gave a positive reaction. Shuster was \"\"delighted to see Superman on the screen. I got chills. Chris Reeve has just the right touch of humor. He really is Superman.\"\" Roger Ebert", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 24 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1017969", "chunk_text": "\"Superman (1978 film)\"\n\"\"muscle suit\"\" to produce the desired muscular physique. Reeve refused, undertaking a strict physical exercise regime headed by David Prowse. Prowse had wanted to portray Superman, but was denied an audition by the filmmakers because he was not American. Prowse also auditioned for Non. Reeve went from 188 to 212 pounds during pre-production and filming. Reeve was paid a mere $250,000 for both \"\"Superman\"\" and \"\"Superman II,\"\" while his veteran co-stars received huge sums of money: $3.7 million for Brando and $2 million for Hackman for \"\"Superman I\"\". However, Reeve felt, \"\"'Superman' brought me many opportunities, rather than closing a", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 25 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11889163", "chunk_text": "\"Happy Birthday to Me (film)\"\nBirthday to Me\"\". Hollywood actor Glenn Ford, who played Jonathan Kent in Richard Donner’s \"\"Superman\"\" (1978), was less-than-thrilled to be in a slasher film. Apparently Ford was unpleasant on set, reportedly throwing tantrums...and even punches. His caliber of actor brought a bit of Hollywood glamor to the film, a rare thing for most slashers, which kept costs to a minimum with largely unknown actors. Only \"\"The Fan\"\" (1981), which starred Lauren Bacall and James Garner, and \"\"Alone in the Dark\"\" (1982), with Donald Pleasence and Jack Palance, could compare as old-Hollywood stars in a slasher film. The film's make-up effects", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 26 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10996695", "chunk_text": "\"Christopher Reeve\"\ndisaster movie \"\"Gray Lady Down\"\". He then acted in the play \"\"My Life\"\" at the Circle Repertory Company with friend William Hurt. During \"\"My Life\"\", Stark Hesseltine told Reeve that he had been asked to audition for the leading role as Clark Kent/Superman in the big budget film, \"\"Superman\"\" (1978). Lynn Stalmaster, the casting director, put Reeve's picture and résumé on the top of the pile three separate times, only to have the producers throw it out each time. Through Stalmaster's persistent pleading, a meeting between director Richard Donner, producer Ilya Salkind, and Reeve was set in January 1977 at", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 27 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1018001", "chunk_text": "\"Superman (1978 film)\"\nbig letdown\"\", praising Reeve as \"\"the salvaging strength of the film\"\" but referring to the matter of the villain as \"\"an essential problem\"\", finding that \"\"even in a succession of wigs, Gene Hackman is not preposterous, funny or dementedly menacing, and what he's doing here is not evident.\"\" Gary Arnold of \"\"The Washington Post\"\" wrote in a positive review, \"\"Despite a lull here and a lapse there, this superproduction turns out to be prodigiously inventive and enjoyable, doubly blessed by sophisticated illusionists behind the cameras and a brilliant new stellar personality in front of the cameras—Christopher Reeve, a young actor", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 28 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "948541", "chunk_text": "\"Tom Welling\"\nTom Welling Thomas Joseph Welling (born April 26, 1977) is an American actor, director, producer, and model best known for his role as Clark Kent in The WB/CW superhero drama \"\"Smallville\"\" (2001–2011). He also co-starred in the Fox fantasy comedy-drama \"\"Lucifer\"\" as Lt. Marcus Pierce / Cain (2017–2018). A high school athlete, Welling initially worked in construction and, in 1998, he successfully modeled men's clothing for several popular brands. In 2000, he made a successful transition to television. He has been nominated for and received several awards for his role as Clark Kent. In 2001, he had a recurring role", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 29 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14233380", "chunk_text": "\"Dylan Sprayberry\"\nfan of punk rock and cites his favorite bands as Black Flag, Minor Threat, The Stooges, Neck Deep, The Story So Far, and Blink-182. Sprayberry cites Jack Nicholson, Robert De Niro, Sean Penn, Joaquin Phoenix, Tom Hardy, and Jake Gyllenhaal as his inspirations. Dylan Sprayberry Dylan Muse Sprayberry (born July 7, 1998) is an American actor known for portraying the young Clark Kent in the 2013 film \"\"Man of Steel\"\" and Liam Dunbar on the MTV series \"\"Teen Wolf\"\" from 2014 to 2017. Sprayberry was born July 7, 1998, and raised in Houston, Texas and later attended West University Elementary.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 30 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1017962", "chunk_text": "\"Superman (1978 film)\"\nHe also refused to memorize his dialogue, so cue cards were compiled across the set. Fellow Oscar winner Hackman was cast as Lex Luthor days later. The filmmakers made it a priority to shoot all of Brando's and Hackman's footage \"\"because they would be committed to other films immediately.\"\" Though the Salkinds felt that Puzo had written a solid story for the two-part film, they deemed his scripts too long and so hired Robert Benton and David Newman for rewrite work. Benton became too busy directing \"\"The Late Show\"\", so David's wife Leslie was brought in to help her husband", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 31 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4701817", "chunk_text": "\"Clark Kent\"\nshifted to the usual origin story, in which Kal-El landed on Earth as a baby and was raised by the Kent family. Clayton \"\"Bud\"\" Collyer voiced both Clark Kent and Superman, until Michael Fitzmaurice replaced him in the final episodes. In the film serials \"\"Superman\"\" (1948) and \"\"Atom Man vs. Superman\"\" (1950), Kirk Alyn portrays Clark as a mild-mannered reporter who comes to Metropolis and secures a job at the \"\"Daily Planet\"\", following the death of his foster parents. While he quickly gains the respect of \"\"Planet\"\" editor Perry White, he is forced to contend with rival reporter Lois Lane,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 32 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11965486", "chunk_text": "\"Tommy Bond\"\nTommy Bond Thomas Ross \"\"Tommy\"\" Bond (September 16, 1926 – September 24, 2005) was an American actor. A native of Dallas, Texas, Bond was best known for his work as a child actor for two different nonconsecutive periods on \"\"Our Gang\"\" (\"\"Little Rascals\"\") comedies (first as \"\"Tommy\"\" and later as \"\"Butch\"\"). Also, he is noted for being the first actor to appear onscreen as \"\"Superman's pal\"\" Jimmy Olsen, having portrayed the character in the film serials \"\"Superman\"\" (1948) and \"\"Atom Man vs. Superman\"\" (1950). Bond got his start in 1931 at the age of five when a talent scout for", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 33 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1017971", "chunk_text": "\"Superman (1978 film)\"\nphotography began on March 28, 1977 at Pinewood Studios for Krypton scenes, budgeted as the most expensive film ever made at that point. Since \"\"Superman\"\" was being shot simultaneously with \"\"Superman II\"\", filming lasted nineteen months, until October 1978. Filming was originally scheduled to last between seven and eight months, but problems arose during production. John Barry served as production designer, while Stuart Craig and Norman Reynolds worked as art directors. Derek Meddings and Les Bowie were credited as visual effects supervisors. Stuart Freeborn was the make-up artist, while Barry, David Tomblin, John Glen, David Lane, Robert Lynn and an", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 34 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5688099", "chunk_text": "\"Superman in film\"\nwith Superman flying off to Krypton in a spaceship. Brett Ratner was hired to direct in September 2002, originally expressing an interest in casting an unknown for the lead role, while filming was to start sometime in late 2003. Christopher Reeve joined as project consultant, citing Tom Welling, who portrayed the teenage Clark Kent in \"\"Smallville\"\", as an ideal candidate. Reeve added \"\"the character is more important than the actor who plays him, because it is an enduring mythology. It definitely should be an unknown.\"\" Ratner approached Josh Hartnett, Jude Law, Paul Walker and Brendan Fraser for Superman, but conceded", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 35 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11592509", "chunk_text": "Superman\nthe Superman movies starring Christopher Reeve. \"\"\"\" aired from 1993 to 1997. This show was aimed at adults and focused on the relationship between Clark Kent and Lois Lane as much as Superman's heroics. Dean Cain played Superman, and Teri Hatcher played Lois. \"\"Smallville\"\" aired from 2001 to 2011. This show was targeted at young adult women. The show covered Clark Kent's life prior to becoming Superman, spanning ten years from his high school years in Smallville to his early life in Metropolis. Although Clark engages in heroics in this show, he doesn't wear a costume, nor does he call", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 36 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1530457", "chunk_text": "\"Dean Cain\"\nOn June 19, 2018, Cain was sworn in as a Reserve Police Officer for the St. Anthony Police Department in St. Anthony, Idaho. In 2018, Cain was elected to the Board of Directors of the National Rifle Association. Dean Cain Dean George Cain (né Tanaka; born July 31, 1966) is an American actor, producer and television show host, best known for playing the role of Clark Kent/Superman in the TV series \"\"\"\". He was also host of \"\"Ripley's Believe It or Not!\"\" and appeared in the soap opera series \"\"Hit the Floor\"\". Dean George Tanaka was born on July 31,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 37 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15546825", "chunk_text": "\"Clark Kent\"\ndestroyed the evidence (a time traveler's journal), and stated that the villain's unsupported words will be ignored. \"\"Smallville\"\" was adapted to television in 2001, by Alfred Gough and Miles Millar. Clark Kent is played by Tom Welling, with others portraying Clark as an infant. Throughout the series, Clark never officially adopted a costume until around the eighth season, but prior to this was seen wearing Superman's traditional colors of red and blue, more often as the series progresses (more commonly a blue shirt underneath a red jacket, reflecting Superman's uniform and cape colors). He is going through a process of", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 38 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20980449", "chunk_text": "\"Holly Palance\"\nfrom \"\"Superman 2\"\" (1980), where Reeve played Clark Kent; this footage was released to the public as an extra feature on a special edition DVD release of the film in the early 2000s. Palance is notable for her role as an ill-destined young nanny in \"\"The Omen\"\" (1976), alongside Gregory Peck and Lee Remick. Palance co-hosted the television version of \"\"Ripley's Believe It or Not!\"\" with her father for one season, replacing Jack's former co-host, Catherine Shirriff; Holly would later be replaced as co-host by singer Marie Osmond. Holly Palance Holly Palance (born August 5, 1950) is an American actress.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 39 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1017961", "chunk_text": "\"Superman (1978 film)\"\nSuperman, turned down Lex Luthor. In early 1975, Brando signed on as Jor-El with a salary of $3.7 million and 11.75% of the box office gross profits, totaling $19 million. He horrified Salkind by proposing in their first meeting that Jor-El appear as a green suitcase or a bagel with Brando's voice, but Donner used flattery to persuade the actor to portray Jor-El himself. Brando hoped to use some of his salary for a proposed 13-part \"\"Roots\"\"-style miniseries on Native Americans in the United States. Brando had it in his contract to complete all of his scenes in twelve days.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 40 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1017949", "chunk_text": "\"Superman (1978 film)\"\n(Original Score), and Best Sound, and received a Special Achievement Academy Award for Visual Effects. Groundbreaking in its use of special effects and science fiction/fantasy storytelling, the film's legacy presaged the mainstream popularity of Hollywood's superhero film franchises. In 2017, \"\"Superman\"\" was inducted into the Library of Congress' National Film Registry. On the planet Krypton, Jor-El of the Kryptonian high council discovers the planet will soon be destroyed when its red supergiant sun goes supernova. Despite his insistance, he fails to convince the other council members. To save his infant son, Kal-El, Jor-El launches him in a spaceship to Earth,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 41 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17155778", "chunk_text": "\"Superman Returns\"\nSuperman Returns Superman Returns is a 2006 American superhero film directed and produced by Bryan Singer. It is based on the DC Comics character Superman and serves as a homage sequel to the motion pictures \"\"Superman\"\" (1978) and \"\"Superman II\"\" (1980), while ignoring the events of \"\"Superman III\"\" (1983) and \"\"\"\" (1987), including its spin-off \"\"Supergirl\"\" (1984). The film stars Brandon Routh as Clark Kent/Superman, Kate Bosworth as Lois Lane, Kevin Spacey as Lex Luthor, with James Marsden, Frank Langella, and Parker Posey. The film tells the story of the title character returning to Earth after a five-year absence. He", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 42 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11384590", "chunk_text": "\"Superman curse\"\nhosting the game show \"\"To Tell the Truth\"\". He returned to Superman by voicing \"\"The New Adventures of Superman\"\" for CBS in 1966. Three years later, he was dead of a circulatory ailment at the age of 61. Lee Quigley, who played Superman as a baby in the 1978 film, died in 1991 at age 14 of solvent abuse. George Reeves played Superman in the 1951 film \"\"Superman and the Mole Men\"\" and the ensuing television series \"\"Adventures of Superman.\"\" Like Alyn and Reeve, he was too closely associated with the role to find further work. On June 16, 1959,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 43 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12804099", "chunk_text": "\"Superman (serial)\"\nSuperman (serial) Superman (1948) is a 15-part black-and-white Columbia film serial based on the comic book character Superman. It stars an uncredited Kirk Alyn (billed only by his character name, Superman; but credited on the promotional posters) and Noel Neill as Lois Lane. Like \"\"Batman\"\", it is notable as the first live-action appearance of Superman on film, and for the longevity of its distribution. The serial was directed by Thomas Carr, who later directed many early episodes of the \"\"Adventures of Superman\"\" television show, and Spencer Gordon Bennet, produced by Sam Katzman, and shot in and around Los Angeles, California.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 44 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16901780", "chunk_text": "\"Superman and Lois Lane\"\nLois Lane was voiced by Joan Alexander. The first live-action appearance of Superman on film is the 1948 Columbia Pictures film serial \"\"Superman\"\". The fifteen part black-and-white film stars Kirk Alyn as Superman/Clark Kent and Noel Neill as Lois Lane. Both actors returned in Columbia's second live-action Superman film, \"\"Atom Man vs. Superman\"\" (1950). In the 1951 independent film, \"\"Superman and the Mole Men\"\", Superman/Clark Kent was played by George Reeves and Phyllis Coates as Lois Lane. The film \"\"Superman\"\" was released by Warner Bros. in 1978 and based on the popular DC Comics character. Superman/Clark Kent was portrayed by", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 45 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1017979", "chunk_text": "\"Superman (1978 film)\"\nof a full-scale set and matte paintings. Young Clark Kent's long-distance football punt was executed with a wooden football loaded into an air blaster placed in the ground. The Superman costume was to be a much darker blue, but the use of blue screen made it transparent. The first test for the flying sequences involved simply catapulting a crash test dummy out of a cannon. Another technique had a remote control cast of Superman flying around. Both were discarded due to lack of movement. High-quality, realistic-looking animation was tried, with speed trails added to make the effect more convincing. As", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 46 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8703109", "chunk_text": "\"Noel Neill\"\nNoel Neill Noel Darleen Neill (November 25, 1920 – July 3, 2016) was an American actress. She is known for playing Lois Lane in the film serials \"\"Superman\"\" (1948) and \"\"Atom Man vs. Superman\"\" (1950), as well as the 1950s television series \"\"Adventures of Superman\"\". She appeared in 80 films and television series in her career spanning 66 years. Following high school graduation in Minneapolis, Minnesota, Neill took up professional acting and modeling in the early 1940s before landing the role of Lois Lane. She later appeared in various productions of the Superman franchise. Frequently cast as the parent or", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 47 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4860822", "chunk_text": "\"Superman (1978 film)\"\nthat of \"\"The Creation of Adam\"\". The Christian imagery in the Reeve films has provoked comment on the Jewish origins of Superman. Rabbi Simcha Weinstein's book \"\"Up, Up and Oy Vey: How Jewish History, Culture and Values Shaped the Comic Book Superhero\"\", says that Superman is both a pillar of society and one whose cape conceals a \"\"nebbish\"\", saying \"\"He's a bumbling, nebbish Jewish stereotype. He's Woody Allen.\"\" Ironically, it is also in the Reeve films that Clark Kent's persona has the greatest resemblance to Woody Allen, though his conscious model was Cary Grant's character in \"\"Bringing Up Baby\"\". This", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 48 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3090105", "chunk_text": "\"Brandon Routh\"\nWarcraft\"\". During the 2008 Presidential Election, Routh spoke at an Iowa rally in support of Democratic candidate Barack Obama. Brandon Routh Brandon James Routh (born October 9, 1979) is an American actor. He grew up in Iowa before moving to Los Angeles to pursue an acting career and subsequently appeared on multiple television series throughout the early 2000s including \"\"Gilmore Girls\"\". In 2006, he portrayed the titular superhero of the film \"\"Superman Returns\"\". He also had a recurring role in the TV series \"\"Chuck\"\", as Daniel Shaw. Following this, he had notable supporting roles in the films \"\"Zack and Miri", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 49 } ]
test_3434	who formed the indian society of oriental art?	n/a	[ "Abanindranath Tagore CIE", "Abanindranath Tagore" ]	[]	n/a	n/a	n/a	[]	[ { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8380296", "chunk_text": "\"Abanindranath Tagore\"\nAbanindranath Tagore Abanindranath Tagore CIE (অবনীন্দ্রনাথ ঠাকুর) (7 August 1871 – 5 December 1951) was the principal artist and creator of the \"\"Indian Society of Oriental Art\"\". He was also the first major exponent of Swadeshi values in Indian art, thereby founding the influential Bengal school of art, which led to the development of modern Indian painting He was also a noted writer, particularly for children. Popularly known as 'Aban Thakur', his books \"\"Rajkahini, Budo Angla, Nalak,\"\" and \"\"Khirer Putul\"\" are landmarks in Bengali language children's literature. Tagore sought to modernise Mughal and Rajput styles to counter the influence of", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 0 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17694310", "chunk_text": "\"Oriental Club of Philadelphia\"\nlectures, held in the houses of members. Members in the early days of the club included some of the founding figures in American scholarship on Sanskrit, the Ancient Near East, Judaica, and the art and archaeology of Asia. Among the club's founders were Cyrus Adler, Tatsui Baba, George Dana Boardman, Stewart Culin, Morton W. Easton, Paul Haupt, Edward Washburn Hopkins, Marcus Jastrow, Morris Jastrow, Jr., Benjamin Smith Lyman, Robert W. Rogers, Mayer Sulzberger, Henry Clay Trumbull, and Talcott Williams. Other early members included William F. Albright, Robert Pierpont Blake, Rhys Carpenter, Franklin Edgerton, W. Max Müller, E. A. Speiser, and", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 1 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2307793", "chunk_text": "\"The Asiatic Society\"\nMuseum of Calcutta was established in 1814, the Society handed over most of its valuable collections to it. The Society however still has a museum of its own which possesses a rock edict of Asoka (c. 250 BCE) and a significant collection of copper plate inscriptions, coins, sculptures, manuscripts and archival records. Some masterpieces, like Joshua Reynolds’ \"\"Cupid asleep on Cloud \"\", Guido Cagnacci's \"\"Cleopatra\"\", Thomas Daniell's \"\"A Ghat at Benares\"\" and Peter Paul Rubens’ \"\"Infant Christ\"\" are also in the possession of this museum. The Asiatic Society The Asiatic Society was founded by civil servant Sir William Jones on", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 2 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12197239", "chunk_text": "Orientalism\nfrontiers of knowledge, and who make their wisdom available to others\"\". The Theosophical Society also spread Western ideas in the East, contributing to its modernisation and a growing nationalism in the Asian colonies. The Theosophical Society had a major influence on Buddhist modernism and Hindu reform movements. Between 1878 and 1882, the Society and the Arya Samaj were united as the Theosophical Society of the Arya Samaj. Helena Blavatsky, along with H. S. Olcott and Anagarika Dharmapala, was instrumental in the Western transmission and revival of Theravada Buddhism. Another major influence was Vivekananda, who popularised his modernised interpretation of Advaita", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 3 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2335766", "chunk_text": "\"Indian art\"\nof Abanindranath Tagore (1871—1951), who has been referred to as the father of Modern Indian art. Other artists of the Tagore family, such as Rabindranath Tagore (1861–1941) and Gaganendranath Tagore (1867–1938) as well as new artists of the early 20th century such as Amrita Sher-Gil (1913–1941) were responsible for introducing Avant-garde western styles into Indian Art. Many other artists like Jamini Roy and later S.H. Raza took inspiration from folk traditions. In 1944, K.C.S. Paniker founded the Progressive Painters' Association (PPA) thus giving rise to the \"\"madras movement\"\" in art. In 1947, India became independent of British rule. A group", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 4 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2307788", "chunk_text": "\"The Asiatic Society\"\n30,000.00. The first quarterly meeting of the Society for 1808 was held at its new building on 3 February 1808. From 1784 to 1828, only Europeans were elected members of the Society. In 1829, at the initiative of H.H. Wilson, a number of Indians were elected members, which include Dwarakanath Tagore, Sivchandra Das, Maharaja Baidyanath Roy, Maharaja Bunwari Govind Roy, Raja Kalikrishna Bahadur, Rajchunder Das, Ram Comul Sen and Prasanna Coomar Tagore. On 12 December 1832 Ram Comul Sen was elected 'Native Secretary'. Later, Rajendralal Mitra became the first Indian President in 1885. Both the orientalist, Brajendranath De, and one", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 5 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9433588", "chunk_text": "\"The Asiatic Society of Mumbai\"\nThe Asiatic Society of Mumbai The Asiatic Society of Mumbai (formerly \"\"Asiatic Society of Bombay\"\") is a learned society in the field of Asian studies based in Mumbai, India. It can trace its origin to the Literary Society of Bombay which first met in Mumbai on November 26, 1804, and was founded by Sir James Mackintosh. It was formed with the intention of \"\"promoting useful knowledge, particularly such as is now immediately connected with India\"\". After the Royal Asiatic Society of Great Britain and Ireland was established in London in 1823, the Literary Society of Bombay became affiliated with it", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 6 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2307784", "chunk_text": "\"The Asiatic Society\"\nThe Asiatic Society The Asiatic Society was founded by civil servant Sir William Jones on 15 January 1784 in a meeting presided over by Sir William Jones, Justice of the Supreme Court of Judicature at Fort William at the Fort William in Calcutta, then capital of the British Raj, to enhance and further the cause of Oriental research. At the time of its foundation, this Society was named as \"\"Asiatick Society\"\". In 1825, the society dropped the antique \"\"k\"\" without any formal resolution and the Society was renamed as \"\"The Asiatic Society\"\". In 1832 the name was changed to \"\"The", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 7 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2307792", "chunk_text": "\"The Asiatic Society\"\nmanuscripts and drawings in December 1822. Since 1849, the Society has printed \"\"Bibliotheca Indica\"\", a collection of rare and unpublished works belonging to or treating of Oriental literature and containing original text-editions as well as translations into English, and also grammars, dictionaries, bibliographies, and studies. The museum of the Society was founded in 1814 under the superintendence of Nathaniel Wallich. The rapid growth of its collection is evident from its first catalogue, published in 1849. By 1849 the Society had its own museum consisting of inscriptions in stone and metal, icons, old coins and Sanskrit manuscripts etc. When the Indian", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 8 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10642471", "chunk_text": "\"Indian painting\"\nafter India became independent in 1947, was intended to establish new ways of expressing India in the post-colonial era. The founders were six eminent artists – K. H. Ara, S. K. Bakre, H. A. Gade, M.F. Husain, S.H. Raza and F. N. Souza, though the group was dissolved in 1956, it was profoundly influential in changing the idiom of Indian art. Almost all India's major artists in the 1950s were associated with the group. Some of those who are well-known today are Bal Chabda, Manishi Dey, V. S. Gaitonde, Krishen Khanna, Ram Kumar, Tyeb Mehta, Beohar Rammanohar Sinha and Akbar", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 9 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4777589", "chunk_text": "\"Nandalal Bose\"\nwith a staff. It became the iconic image for the non-violence movement. His genius and original style were recognised by famous artists and art critics like Gaganendranath Tagore, Ananda Coomaraswamy and O. C. Ganguli. These lovers of art felt that objective criticism was necessary for the development of painting and founded the Indian Society of Oriental Art. He became principal of the Kala Bhavana (College of Arts) at Tagore's International University Santiniketan in 1922. He was also famously asked by Jawaharlal Nehru to sketch the emblems for the Government of India's awards, including the Bharat Ratna and the Padma Shri.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 10 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2273907", "chunk_text": "\"American Oriental Society\"\nAmerican Oriental Society The American Oriental Society was chartered under the laws of Massachusetts on September 7, 1842. It is one of the oldest learned societies in America, and is the oldest devoted to a particular field of scholarship. It is closely associated with Yale University, which is the site of its library. The society publishes a journal quarterly, the \"\"Journal of the American Oriental Society\"\", the most important American serial publication in the historical languages of Asia. Former presidents include Theodore Dwight Woolsey, James Hadley, William Dwight Whitney, Daniel C. Gilman, William H. Ward, Crawford H. Toy, Morris Jastrow,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 11 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17686389", "chunk_text": "\"The Philatelic Society of India\"\npublished by Charles Stewart-Wilson in Calcutta calling for expressions of interest. The first meeting took place at 6 Middleton Row, Calcutta on 6 March 1897 where Charles Stewart-Wilson was appointed the first President and Lady Collen, Professor O.V. Muller and Major C.H.I. Hopkins were each appointed Vice-Presidents. The first Treasurer was Wilmot Corfield and the Secretary Mr. P. Aylwyn Selfe of the Bank of Bengal. Most of the original members were Englishmen. Mr. C.K. Dutt, of Calcutta, the first Indian, was admitted in 1907. In March 1957 an exhibition was held in Bombay to commemorate the Diamond Jubilee of the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 12 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12446494", "chunk_text": "\"Indian Group of Seven\"\nfor artistic recognition. The successful exhibition was the precursor of the founding of the \"\"Professional Native Indian Artists Association\"\" in November 1973, in which Daphne Odjig was the driving force. At her home in Winnipeg, she invited Alex Janvier, Jackson Beardy, Eddy Cobiness, Norval Morrisseau, Carl Ray and Joseph Sanchez to discuss their mutual concerns about art. These meetings provided a sense of community among the artists and a forum for criticism of each other's work. In November 1973 they proposed to formalise their movement as the \"\"Professional Native Indian Artists Incorporation\"\" (PNIAI), to be funded by the Department of", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 13 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2217053", "chunk_text": "\"Société des Peintres Orientalistes Français\"\nSociété des Peintres Orientalistes Français The Société des Peintres Orientalistes Français ( \"\"Orientalist French Painters Society\"\") was an art society founded in 1893 to promote not only Orientalism but also the travel of French artists in the Far East. Founded in 1893, by the artist, Alphonse-Étienne Dinet and the art historian and curator, Léonce Bénédite, the Société des Peintres Orientalistes Français (\"\"Orientalist French Painters Society\"\") was an art society to promote not only Orientalist paintings, but also the travel of French artists in the Far East. The group established an Artists' Salon and also mounted displays for French colonial exhibitions.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 14 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2070654", "chunk_text": "\"History of Asian art\"\nstate. Other examples are the frescoes of Ajanta and Ellora Caves. The contributions of the Mughal Empire to Indian art include Mughal painting, a style of miniature painting heavily influenced by Persian miniatures, and Mughal architecture. During the British Raj, modern Indian painting evolved as a result of combining traditional Indian and European styles. Raja Ravi Varma was a pioneer of this period. The Bengal school of Art developed during this period, led by Abanidranath Tagore, Gaganendranath Tagore, Jamini Roy, Mukul Dey and Nandalal Bose. One of the most popular art forms in India is called Rangoli. It is a", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 15 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7003609", "chunk_text": "\"Bombay Art Society\"\nBombay Art Society The Bombay Art Society is a Non Profit premier art organization based in Mumbai, founded in 1888. The Bombay Art Society is a 127-year-old institution founded for encouraging and promoting art. Most of the renowned artists on India's art scene have been associated with the Bombay Art Society in some way. The society boasts of a rich past though its members and there is no denying its historical context and it is against this that the Bombay Art Society's greatness can be best understood. For some five or six years after the foundation of the Society in", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 16 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20802121", "chunk_text": "\"Ananda Coomaraswamy\"\nAnanda Coomaraswamy Ananda Kentish Muthu Coomaraswamy (, \"\"Ānanda Kentiś Muthū Kumāraswāmī\"\"; 22 August 1877 − 9 September 1947) was a Ceylonese Tamil philosopher and metaphysician, as well as a pioneering historian and philosopher of Indian art, particularly art history and symbolism, and an early interpreter of Indian culture to the West. In particular, he is described as \"\"the groundbreaking theorist who was largely responsible for introducing ancient Indian art to the West.\"\" Ananda Kentish Coomaraswamy was born in Colombo, Ceylon, now Sri Lanka, to the Ceylonese Tamil legislator and philosopher Sir Muthu Coomaraswamy of the Ponnambalam–Coomaraswamy family and his English", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 17 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3111276", "chunk_text": "\"Indian art\"\nof six artists - K. H. Ara, S. K. Bakre, H. A. Gade, M.F. Husain, S.H. Raza and Francis Newton Souza - founded the Bombay Progressive Artists' Group in the year 1952, to establish new ways of expressing India in the post-colonial era. Though the group was dissolved in 1956, it was profoundly influential in changing the idiom of Indian art. Almost all India's major artists in the 1950s were associated with the group. Some of those who are well-known today are Bal Chabda, Manishi Dey, V. S. Gaitonde, Krishen Khanna, Ram Kumar, Tyeb Mehta, K. G. Subramanyan, A. Ramachandran,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 18 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11629727", "chunk_text": "Indology\nIndology is the application of scholarly methodologies developed in European Classical Studies or \"\"Classics\"\" to the languages, literatures and cultures of South Asia. In the wake of eighteenth century pioneers like William Jones, Henry Thomas Colebrooke or August Wilhelm Schlegel, Indology as an academic subject emerged in the nineteenth century, in the context of British India, together with Asian studies in general affected by the romantic Orientalism of the time. The Asiatic Society was founded in Calcutta in 1784, Société Asiatique founded in 1822, the Royal Asiatic Society in 1824, the American Oriental Society in 1842, and the German Oriental", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 19 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16416022", "chunk_text": "\"Calcutta Group\"\nin order to hone his artistic skills, he moved back to India with the idea of creating a group for plastic artists. Along with fellow painters Nirode Mazumdar, Rathin Maitra, Prankrishna Pal and Gopal Ghosh, he formally created the Calcutta Group in 1943. Later that year, another painter, Paritosh Sen, along with sculptors Pradosh Das Gupta, Kamala Das Gupta joined the society. These eight members were known as the organization's core, as well as the driving force behind it. Over the years, other artists joined the group as well including Abani Sen in 1947, Gobardhan Ash in 1950, Sunil Madhav", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 20 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2273908", "chunk_text": "\"American Oriental Society\"\nJr., Harold H. Bender and Ludo Rocher. American Oriental Society The American Oriental Society was chartered under the laws of Massachusetts on September 7, 1842. It is one of the oldest learned societies in America, and is the oldest devoted to a particular field of scholarship. It is closely associated with Yale University, which is the site of its library. The society publishes a journal quarterly, the \"\"Journal of the American Oriental Society\"\", the most important American serial publication in the historical languages of Asia. Former presidents include Theodore Dwight Woolsey, James Hadley, William Dwight Whitney, Daniel C. Gilman, William", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 21 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12080803", "chunk_text": "\"Indian Museum, Kolkata\"\nthe Constitution of India. It is one of oldest museums in the world. This is an autonomous organization under Ministry of Culture, Government of India. The present Director of the Indian Museum is Rajesh Purohit.The museum was closed to visitors due to massive restoration and upgrades from 1 September 2013 to 3 February 2014. The Indian Museum originated from the Asiatic Society of Bengal which was created by Sir William Jones in 1784. The concept of having a museum arose in 1796 from members of the Asiatic Society as a place where man-made and natural objects could be collected, cared", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 22 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11576087", "chunk_text": "\"Royal Asiatic Society of Great Britain and Ireland\"\nFellows of the Society are elected regularly. Fellows include highly accomplished and notable scholars of Asian Studies. The society was founded in London in 1823, with the first general meeting being held on 15 March at the Thatched House on St James's Street, London, chaired by Henry Thomas Colebrooke. This meeting elected the officers (including Charles Williams-Wynn as the first president) and council, defined that the name of the society was the Asiatic Society of Great Britain and Ireland, and that members should be designated Members of the Asiatic Society (M.A.S.). It also empowered the council to frame regulations (these", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 23 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19560921", "chunk_text": "\"Indian art\"\ndid the Persian influence patronized by the Turco-Mongol Mughals begin to affect Deccan art. British colonial rule had a great impact on Indian art. Old patrons of art became less wealthy and influential, and Western art more ubiquitous as the British Empire established schools of art in major cities, e.g. the Bombay Art Society in 1888. The Company style of paintings became common, created by Indian artists working for European patrons of the East India Company. The style was mainly Romanticized, with watercolor the primary medium used to convey soft textures and tones. By 1858, the British government took over", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 24 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "266424", "chunk_text": "\"Archaeological Survey of India\"\nsurvey organisations of India. ASI was founded in 1861 by Alexander Cunningham who also became its first Director-General. The first systematic research into the subcontinent's history was conducted by the Asiatic Society, which was founded by the British Indologist William Jones on 15 January 1784. Based in Calcutta, the society promoted the study of ancient Sanskrit and Persian texts and published an annual journal titled \"\"Asiatic Researches\"\". Notable among its early members was Charles Wilkins who published the first English translation of the \"\"Bhagavad Gita\"\" in 1785 with the patronage of the then Governor-General of India, Warren Hastings. However, the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 25 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7003613", "chunk_text": "\"Bombay Art Society\"\nexpressionist architecture, which will house three galleries.It is the only public building to be opened up in Mumbai in recent times, a space that will solely be dedicated to the arts and art community. Vasudeo Kamat - President Anil Naik - Chairman Chandrajit Yadav - Secretary Nilesh Kinkale - Joint Secretary Surendra Jagtap - Treasurer Anil Abhange Ajinkya Chaulkar Ganpat Bhadke Madhavi Gangan Narendra Vichare Ratnadeep Adivrekar Shrikant Kadam Bombay Art Society The Bombay Art Society is a Non Profit premier art organization based in Mumbai, founded in 1888. The Bombay Art Society is a 127-year-old institution founded for encouraging", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 26 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8380300", "chunk_text": "\"Abanindranath Tagore\"\nof Krishna in a Mughal-influenced style. After meeting E. B. Havell, Tagore worked with him to revitalise and redefine art teaching at the Calcutta School of art, a project also supported by his brother Gaganendranath, who set up the Indian Society of Oriental Art. Tagore believed in the traditional Indian techniques of painting. His philosophy rejected the \"\"materialistic\"\" art of the west and came back to Indian traditional art forms. He was influenced by the Mughal school of painting as well as Whistler's Aestheticism. In his later works, Tagore started integrating Chinese and Japanese calligraphic traditions into his style. Tagore", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 27 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7458366", "chunk_text": "\"Modern Indian painting\"\nimages. Major artists are beginning to gain international recognition, initially among the Indian diaspora, but also among non-Indian audiences. The Progressive Artists' Group, established shortly after India became independent in 1947, was intended to establish new ways of expressing India in the post-colonial era. Its founder was Francis Newton Souza and S. H. Raza, M. F. Husain and Manishi Dey were early members. It was profoundly influential in changing the idiom of Indian art. Almost all of the major artists of India in the 1950s were associated with the group. Prominent among them were Akbar Padamsee, Sadanand Bakre, Ram Kumar,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 28 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2865864", "chunk_text": "\"British Indian Association\"\nBritish Indian Association The British Indian Association was established on 31 October 1851. Its formation was a major event of 19th-century India. Its establishment meant Indians had come together and could no longer be ignored. It developed enormous hopes amongst the Indians about their future. The first committee of the association was composed of : Raja Radhakanta Deb – President, Raja Kalikrishna Deb – Vice-President, Debendranath Tagore – secretary, Digambar Mitra – Asst Secretary, members – Raja Staya Saran Ghosal, Harakumar Tagore, Prasanna Coomar Tagore, Ramanath Tagore, Jay Krishna Mukerjee, Asutosh Deb, Harimohan Sen, Ramgopal Ghosh, Umesh Chandra Dutta (Rambagan),", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 29 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20380256", "chunk_text": "\"Oriental Ceramic Society\"\nOriental Ceramic Society The Oriental Ceramic Society (OCS) is one of the leading international societies for the study and appreciation of Asian art, with a special interest in ceramics. However its wider focus is the study and appreciation of all aspects of oriental art, and over the last 90 years has served as one of the main bodies assisting the understanding of oriental art, and oriental ceramics in particular, by means of organising regular meetings, lectures and publications. The Society was founded in London in 1921 by a group of collectors and others interested in oriental ceramics. Since then, many", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 30 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1057785", "chunk_text": "\"Indian National Association\"\nPrasanna Kumar Tagore in 1838. and the Adi Brahmo Sabha founded in 1866. In 1851 it took shape as the British Indian Association with Debendranath Tagore as its Honorary Secretary. In 1857 the Association supported the East India Company in the Sepoy Mutiny, calling for stern punishment for the rebels. In 1866 Pandit Navin Chandra Roy was appointed Secretary of the Association, a post which he held for 4 years, before he finally moved to Lahore in the course of his employment. Ramanath Tagore was the President from 1867 to 1877. After a stormy meeting in 1870 a resolution moved", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 31 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4480757", "chunk_text": "\"Charles Wilkins\"\nCharles Wilkins Sir Charles Wilkins, KH, FRS (1749 – 13 May 1836), was an English typographer and Orientalist, and founding member of The Asiatic Society. He is notable as the first translator of \"\"Bhagavad Gita\"\" into English, and as the creator, alongside Panchanan Karmakar, of the first Bengali typeface. In 1788, Wilkins was elected a member of the Royal Society. He was born at Frome in Somerset in 1749. He trained as a printer. In 1770 he went to India as a printer and writer in the East India Company's service. His facility with language allowed him to quickly learn", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 32 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13433854", "chunk_text": "\"Servants of India Society\"\nServants of India Society The Servants of India Society was formed in Pune, Maharashtra, on June 12, 1905 by Gopal Krishna Gokhale, who left the Deccan Education Society to form this association. Along with him were a small group of educated Indians, as Natesh Appaji Dravid, Gopal Krishna Deodhar and Anant Patwardhan who wanted to promote social and human development and overthrow the British rule in India. The Society organized many campaigns to promote education, sanitation, health care and fight the social evils of untouchability and discrimination, alcoholism, poverty, oppression of women and domestic abuse. The publication of The Hitavada,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 33 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1057784", "chunk_text": "\"Indian National Association\"\nIndian National Association The Indian National Association also known as Indian Association was the first avowed nationalist organization founded in British India by Surendranath Banerjee and Ananda Mohan Bose in 1876. The objectives of this Association were \"\"promoting by every legitimate means the political , intellectual and material advancement of the people\"\". The Association attracted educated Indians and civic leaders from all parts of the country, and became an important forum for India's aspirations for independence. It later merged with the Indian National Congress. Its origins are from the Zamindari \"\"Sabha\"\" (Association) founded by Dwarkanath Tagore and his illustrious cousin", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 34 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "208697", "chunk_text": "\"Royal Asiatic Society of Great Britain and Ireland\"\n1824. The RAS was established by a group primarily composed of notable scholars and colonial administrators. It was intended to be the British counterpart to the Asiatic Society of Calcutta, which had been founded in 1784 by the noted Sanskrit scholar and jurist Sir William Jones. A leading figure in the foundation of the RAS was Henry Thomas Colebrooke, who was himself an important Sanskrit scholar, and one time President of the Asiatic Society of Calcutta. When the Oriental Club of London was formed in 1824, membership of the RAS was stated as one of the four qualifications for membership", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 35 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2307791", "chunk_text": "\"The Asiatic Society\"\nearly collection of this library was enriched by the contributions it received from its members. On 25 March 1784 the library received seven Persian manuscripts from Henri Richardson. The next contribution came from William Marsden, who donated his book, \"\"The History of Sumatra\"\" (1783) on 10 November 1784. Robert Home, the first Library-in-Charge (1804) donated his small but valuable collection of works on art. The first accession of importance was a gift from the Seringapatam Committee on 3 February 1808 consisting of a collection from the Palace Library of Tipu Sultan. The library received the Surveyor-General Colonel Mackenzie's collection of", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 36 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4114433", "chunk_text": "Orientalism\nnot just during colonial times, but also in the present.\"\" In art history, the term Orientalism refers to the works of the Western artists who specialized in Oriental subjects, produced from their travels in Western Asia, during the 19th century. In that time, artists and scholars were described as Orientalists, especially in France, where the dismissive use of the term \"\"Orientalist\"\" was made popular by the art critic Jules-Antoine Castagnary. Despite such social disdain for a style of representational art, the French Society of Orientalist Painters was founded in 1893, with Jean-Léon Gérôme as the honorary president; whereas in Britain,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 37 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13397035", "chunk_text": "\"Royal Asiatic Society of Great Britain and Ireland\"\nfellows of the society have included Rabindranath Tagore, Sir Aurel Stein, Sir Wilfred Thesiger, and George V. Tsereteli. The Society is affiliated with associate societies in India (Calcutta, Bombay, Bangalore, Madras, and Bihar), the former branch in Bombay now being known as the Asiatic Society of Mumbai. It is also affiliated with the Royal Asiatic Society of Sri Lanka, the Royal Asiatic Society Hong Kong Branch (established in 1847), the Asiatic Society of Japan (established in 1875), the Malaysian Branch of the Royal Asiatic Society (established in 1877), and Royal Asiatic Society Korea Branch (established in 1900). In China the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 38 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17885747", "chunk_text": "\"Ernest Binfield Havell\"\nof London, \"\"The Studio\"\". In January 1906 he left for England on long leave and finally in 1908, he was removed from the post. Havell worked with Abanindranath Tagore to redefine Indian art education. He established the Indian Society of Oriental Art, which sought to adapt British art education in India so as to reject the previous emphasis placed on European traditions in favour of revivals of native Indian styles of art, in particular the Mughal miniature tradition. He married Angelique Wilhelmina Jacobsen in 1895 at St Giles, London, Middlesex, England. The couple had a daughter, Sonia Joyce Havell in", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 39 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2921795", "chunk_text": "\"Theosophical Society of the Arya Samaj\"\nTheosophical Society of the Arya Samaj The Theosophical Society of Aryavarta, also sometimes called \"\"Theosophical Society of India\"\", and abbreviated as \"\"Theosophical Society \"\" was a Theosophical Society from May 22, 1878 until March 1882. In 1875 Swami Dayanda Saraswati founded in Mumbai the Hindu reform movement Arya Samaj. In the same year, the Theosophical Society was founded by Madame Blavatsky and Henry Olcott in New York. Olcott met \"\"Moolji Thakurshi\"\" (Moolji Thackersey) already in 1870, but they lost contact with each other. In 1877 Olcott wrote to Thakurshi, and described the Theosophical Society and its goals to him. Thakurshi", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 40 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16416021", "chunk_text": "\"Calcutta Group\"\nCalcutta Group The Calcutta Group was a group of modern artists in India, formed in 1943 in Kolkata. It has the distinction of being the first artistic movement of its kind in both Bengal and all of India. Though short-lived – the group disbanded in 1953 – the Calcutta Group was instrumental in the transformation of contemporary Indian art and brought this genre onto the world stage. Subho Tagore, nephew of Abanindranath and Grand-nephew of Rabindranath Tagore, was a budding artist who studied art at the Governmental School of Art in Calcutta. After traveling to London for a few years", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 41 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9311524", "chunk_text": "\"Gaganendranath Tagore\"\nactress Sharmila Tagore. Gaganendranath received no formal education but trained under the watercolourist Harinarayan Bandopadhyay. In 1907, along with his brother Abanindranath, he founded the Indian Society of Oriental Art which later published the influential journal \"\"Rupam\"\". Between 1906 and 1910, the artist studied and assimilated Japanese brush techniques and the influence of Far Eastern art into his own work, as demonstrated by his illustrations for Rabindranath Tagore’s autobiography \"\"Jeevansmriti\"\" (1912). He went on to develop his own approach in his \"\"Chaitanya\"\" and \"\"Pilgrim\"\" series. Gaganendranath eventually abandoned the revivalism of the Bengal School and took up caricature. The \"\"Modern", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 42 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2217057", "chunk_text": "\"Société des Peintres Orientalistes Français\"\nthe Villa Medicis offered by the better known prize. The Society's founding members and officials Roger Benjamin, \"\"Orientalist Aesthetics: Art, Colonialism, and North Africa: 1880-1930,\"\" University of California Press, 2009, especially Chapter 3 \"\"A Society for Orientalists\"\" Société des Peintres Orientalistes Français The Société des Peintres Orientalistes Français ( \"\"Orientalist French Painters Society\"\") was an art society founded in 1893 to promote not only Orientalism but also the travel of French artists in the Far East. Founded in 1893, by the artist, Alphonse-Étienne Dinet and the art historian and curator, Léonce Bénédite, the Société des Peintres Orientalistes Français (\"\"Orientalist French", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 43 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17686388", "chunk_text": "\"The Philatelic Society of India\"\nThe Philatelic Society of India The Philatelic Society of India (PSI) was formed in 1897 by a group of, mainly, expatriate Englishmen resident in the country as the first all-India philatelic society. During its first fifty years the society included most of the important Anglo-Indian philatelists and had a particularly strong publications record with two award-winning books. The society meets every first and third Saturday at the Mumbai G.P.O., convened by Dhirubhai Mehta, President, and D.M. Pittie, Hon. Secretary. The idea of an all-India philatelic society arose at the \"\"Philatelic Society of Bengal\"\" in 1896 and an open letter was", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 44 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3320126", "chunk_text": "\"Sarat Chandra Das\"\nthe Tibetans, Russians and Chinese. After he left Tibet, the reasons for his visit were discovered and many of the Tibetans who had befriended him suffered severe reprisals. For the latter part of his life, Das settled in Darjeeling. He named his house \"\"Lhasa Villa\"\" and played host to many notable guests including Sir Charles Alfred Bell and Ekai Kawaguchi. Johnson stated that, in 1882 Das met with Helena Blavatsky and Henry Steel Olcott, the two individuals notable for the founding of the Theosophical Society. Sarat Chandra Das Sarat Chandra Das () (1849–1917) was an Indian scholar of Tibetan language", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 45 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13020321", "chunk_text": "\"James Prinsep\"\nJames Prinsep James Prinsep (20 August 1799 – 22 April 1840) was an English scholar, orientalist and antiquary. He was the founding editor of the \"\"Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal\"\" and is best remembered for deciphering the Kharosthi and Brahmi scripts of ancient India. He studied, documented and illustrated many aspects of numismatics, metallurgy, meteorology apart from pursuing his career in India as an assay master at the mint in Benares. James Prinsep was the seventh son and the tenth child of John Prinsep (1746–1830) and his wife, Sophia Elizabeth Auriol (1760–1850). John Prinsep went to India in", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 46 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12505130", "chunk_text": "\"Bengal School of Art\"\nBengal School of Art The Bengal School of Art commonly referred as Bengal School, was an art movement and a style of Indian painting that originated in Bengal, primarily Kolkata and Shantiniketan, and flourished throughout India during the British Raj in the early 20th century. Also known as 'Indian style of painting' in its early days, it was associated with Indian nationalism (swadeshi) and led by Abanindranath Tagore (1871-1951), but was also promoted and supported by British arts administrators like E. B. Havell, the principal of the Government College of Art, Kolkata from 1896; eventually it led to the development", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 47 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16179869", "chunk_text": "\"James Prinsep\"\nthe Asiatic Society was to be made by Francis Chantrey but was finished by Henry Weekes. Prinsep Ghat, a Palladian porch on the bank of the Hooghly River designed by W. Fitzgerald in 1843, was erected in his memory by the citizens of Calcutta. Part of his original collection of ancient coins and artefacts from the Indian subcontinent is now in the British Museum, London. James Prinsep James Prinsep (20 August 1799 – 22 April 1840) was an English scholar, orientalist and antiquary. He was the founding editor of the \"\"Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal\"\" and is best", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 48 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2270288", "chunk_text": "\"Bombay Natural History Society\"\nheadquarter is in Mumbai and has one regional centre at Wetland Research and Training Centre, near Chilika Lake, Odisha. On 15 September 1883 eight men interested in natural history met at Bombay in the then Victoria and Albert Museum (now Bhau Daji Lad Museum) and: According to E. H. Aitken (the first honorary secretary, September 1883-March 1886), Dr G. A. Maconochie was the \"\"\"\" (Latin for \"\"source and origin\"\") of the society. The other founders were Dr D. MacDonald, Col. C. Swinhoe, Mr J. C. Anderson, Mr J. Johnston, Dr Atmaram Pandurang and Dr Sakharam Arjun. Mr H. M. Phipson", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 49 } ]
test_3435	who discovered that plants were made of cells?	n/a	[ "Parashara" ]	[]	n/a	n/a	n/a	[]	[ { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19128445", "chunk_text": "\"History of botany\"\nhowever, some advances elsewhere such as the early exploration of geotropism (the effect of gravity on growth) by Englishman Thomas Knight, and the discovery and naming of osmosis by Frenchman Henri Dutrochet (1776–1847). The cell nucleus was discovered by Robert Brown in 1831. Demonstration of the cellular composition of all organisms, with each cell possessing all the characteristics of life, is attributed to the combined efforts of botanist Matthias Schleiden and zoologist Theodor Schwann (1810–1882) in the early 19th century although Moldenhawer had already shown that plants were wholly cellular with each cell having its own wall and Julius von", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 0 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19611116", "chunk_text": "\"Cell theory\"\ndeveloping cell theory is usually given to two scientists: Theodor Schwann and Matthias Jakob Schleiden. While Rudolf Virchow contributed to the theory, he is not as credited for his attributions toward it. In 1839, Schleiden suggested that every structural part of a plant was made up of cells or the result of cells. He also suggested that cells were made by a crystallization process either within other cells or from the outside. However, this was not an original idea of Schleiden. He claimed this theory as his own, though Barthelemy Dumortier had stated it years before him. This crystallization process", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 1 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5392521", "chunk_text": "\"Cell (biology)\"\ncontain more than 10 trillion (10) cells. Most plant and animal cells are visible only under a microscope, with dimensions between 1 and 100 micrometres. Cells were discovered by Robert Hooke in 1665, who named them for their resemblance to cells inhabited by Christian monks in a monastery. Cell theory, first developed in 1839 by Matthias Jakob Schleiden and Theodor Schwann, states that all organisms are composed of one or more cells, that cells are the fundamental unit of structure and function in all living organisms, and that all cells come from pre-existing cells. Cells emerged on Earth at least", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 2 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "54451", "chunk_text": "\"Cell biology\"\nsuch as cancer, and other diseases. Research in cell biology is closely related to genetics, biochemistry, molecular biology, immunology and cytochemistry . Cells, which were once invisible to the naked eye, were first seen in 17th century Europe with the invention of the compound microscope. Robert Hooke was the first person to term the building block of all living organisms as \"\"cells\"\" after looking at cork. The cell theory states that all living things are made up of cells. The theory also states that both plants and animals are composed of cells which was confirmed by plant scientist, Matthias Schleiden", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 3 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19611131", "chunk_text": "\"Cell theory\"\ntypes), compared with 10–20 in plants, fungi, and protoctista. Cell theory In biology, cell theory is the historic scientific theory, now universally accepted, that living organisms are made up of cells, that they are the basic structural/organizational unit of all organisms, and that all cells come from pre-existing cells. Cells are the basic unit of structure in all organisms and also the basic unit of reproduction. With continual improvements made to microscopes over time, magnification technology advanced enough to discover cells in the 17th century. This discovery is largely attributed to Robert Hooke, and began the scientific study of cells,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 4 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19611104", "chunk_text": "\"Cell theory\"\nCell theory In biology, cell theory is the historic scientific theory, now universally accepted, that living organisms are made up of cells, that they are the basic structural/organizational unit of all organisms, and that all cells come from pre-existing cells. Cells are the basic unit of structure in all organisms and also the basic unit of reproduction. With continual improvements made to microscopes over time, magnification technology advanced enough to discover cells in the 17th century. This discovery is largely attributed to Robert Hooke, and began the scientific study of cells, also known as cell biology. Over a century later,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 5 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19611119", "chunk_text": "\"Cell theory\"\nwhich was first introduced by Dumortier, was how reproduction of new animal cells were made. Once this tenet was added, the classical cell theory was complete. The generally accepted parts of modern cell theory include: The modern version of the cell theory includes the ideas that: The cell was first discovered by Robert Hooke in 1665 using a microscope. The first cell theory is credited to the work of Theodor Schwann and Matthias Jakob Schleiden in the 1830s. In this theory the internal contents of cells were called protoplasm and described as a jelly-like substance, sometimes called living jelly. At", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 6 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4289580", "chunk_text": "\"Matthias Jakob Schleiden\"\nMatthias Jakob Schleiden Matthias Jakob Schleiden (; 5 April 1804 23 June 1881) was a German botanist and co-founder of cell theory, along with Theodor Schwann and Rudolf Virchow. Matthais Jakob Schleiden was born in Hamburg, Germany, on 5 April 1804. His father was the municipal physician of Hamburg. Schleiden pursued legal studies graduating in 1827. He then established a legal practice but after a period of emotional depression and an attempted suicide, he changed professions. He studied natural science at the University of Göttingen in Göttingen, Germany, but transferred to the University of Berlin in 1835 to study plants.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 7 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19611117", "chunk_text": "\"Cell theory\"\nis no longer accepted with modern cell theory. In 1839, Theodor Schwann states that along with plants, animals are composed of cells or the product of cells in their structures. This was a major advancement in the field of biology since little was known about animal structure up to this point compared to plants. From these conclusions about plants and animals, two of the three tenets of cell theory were postulated. 1. All living organisms are composed of one or more cells 2. The cell is the most basic unit of life Schleiden's theory of free cell formation through crystallization", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 8 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "54114", "chunk_text": "\"Cell wall\"\nsilica. A plant cell wall was first observed and named (simply as a \"\"wall\"\") by Robert Hooke in 1665. However, \"\"the dead excrusion product of the living protoplast\"\" was forgotten, for almost three centuries, being the subject of scientific interest mainly as a resource for industrial processing or in relation to animal or human health. In 1804, Karl Rudolphi and J.H.F. Link proved that cells had independent cell walls. Before, it had been thought that cells shared walls and that fluid passed between them this way. The mode of formation of the cell wall was controversial in the 19th century.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 9 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19611105", "chunk_text": "\"Cell theory\"\nmany debates about cells began amongst scientists. Most of these debates involved the nature of cellular regeneration, and the idea of cells as a fundamental unit of life. Cell theory was eventually formulated in 1839. This is usually credited to Matthias Schleiden and Theodor Schwann. However, many other scientists like Rudolf Virchow contributed to the theory. It was an important step in the movement away from spontaneous generation. The three tenets to the cell theory are as described below: The first of these tenets is disputed, as non-cellular entities such as viruses are sometimes considered life-forms. The discovery of the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 10 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9658931", "chunk_text": "Botany\nherbalist John Gerard (1545–c. 1611) published herbals covering the medicinal uses of plants. Naturalist Ulisse Aldrovandi (1522–1605) was considered the \"\"father of natural history\"\", which included the study of plants. In 1665, using an early microscope, Polymath Robert Hooke discovered cells, a term he coined, in cork, and a short time later in living plant tissue. During the 18th century, systems of plant identification were developed comparable to dichotomous keys, where unidentified plants are placed into taxonomic groups (e.g. family, genus and species) by making a series of choices between pairs of characters. The choice and sequence of the characters", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 11 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18281933", "chunk_text": "Plant\nof the world's molecular oxygen and are the basis of most of Earth's ecosystems, especially on land. Plants that produce grain, fruit and vegetables form humankind's basic foods, and have been domesticated for millennia. Plants have many cultural and other uses as ornaments, building materials, writing material and in great variety, they have been the source of medicines and drugs. The scientific study of plants is known as botany, a branch of biology. All living things were traditionally placed into one of two groups, plants and animals. This classification may date from Aristotle (384 BC – 322 BC), who made", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 12 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11211474", "chunk_text": "\"On Plants\"\nOn Plants On Plants (; ) is a work, sometimes attributed to Aristotle, but generally believed to have been written by Nicolaus of Damascus in the first century BC. It describes the nature and origins of plants. The work is divided into two parts. The first part discusses the nature of plant life, sex in plants, the parts of plants, the structure of plants, the classification of plants, the composition and products of plants, the methods of propagation and fertilization of plants, and the changes and variations of plants. The second part describes the origins of plant life, the material", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 13 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12272592", "chunk_text": "\"Matthias Jakob Schleiden\"\ncell nucleus, discovered in 1831 by the Scottish botanist Robert Brown, and sensed its connection with cell division. He became professor of botany at the University of Dorpat in 1863. He concluded that all plant parts are made of cells and that an embryonic plant organism arises from the one cell. He died in Frankfurt am Main on 23 June 1881. \"\"Die Entwickelung der Meduse\"\" (\"\"The Development of the Medusæ\"\"), in Schleiden's \"\"Das Meer\"\" Schleiden was an early advocate of evolution. In a lecture on the \"\"History of the Vegetable World\"\" published in his book \"\"The Plant: A Biography\"\" (1848)", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 14 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16673905", "chunk_text": "\"History of phycology\"\nnew era in the study of Botany (Smith, 1975 p. 4). Ray \"\"influenced both the theory and the practice of botany more decisively than any other single person in the latter half of the seventeenth century\"\" (Morton, 1981). However no real progress was made in the scientific study of algae until the invention of the microscope — in about 1600. It was Anton van Leeuwenhoek (1632–1723) who discovered bacteria and saw the cell structure of plants. His unsystematic glimpses of plant structure, reported to the Royal Society between 1678 and his death in 1723, produced no significant advances (Morton, 1981", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 15 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8984060", "chunk_text": "\"Wanda Kirkbride Farr\"\nnew bath derived from the juices of the cotton plant rather than in water, which had been used previously. Wanda Kirkbride Farr Wanda K. Farr (January 9, 1895 – April 16, 1983) was an American botanist known for her discovery of the mechanism by which cellulose is formed in the walls of plant cells. Wanda Farr (\"\"née\"\" Kirkbride) was born near New Matamoras, Ohio on January 9, 1895, to parents Frederick Alonzo Kirkbride and Clara M Nicolaus. When she was four years old, her father died and she and her mother went to live with Wanda's grandparents in New Matamoras.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 16 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19128448", "chunk_text": "\"History of botany\"\nknown as cytology, or cell theory became firmly established. Later, the cytological basis of the gene-chromosome theory of heredity extended from about 1900–1944 and was initiated by the rediscovery of Gregor Mendel's (1822–1884) laws of plant heredity first published in 1866 in \"\"Experiments on Plant Hybridization\"\" and based on cultivated pea, \"\"Pisum sativum\"\": this heralded the opening up of plant genetics. The cytological basis for gene-chromosome theory was explored through the role of polyploidy and hybridization in speciation and it was becoming better understood that interbreeding populations were the unit of adaptive change in biology. Until the 1860s it was", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 17 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "659749", "chunk_text": "\"Plant anatomy\"\ncontinuing Mirbel's work. A German-Polish botanist, Eduard Strasburger, described the mitotic process in plant cells and further demonstrated that new cell nuclei can only arise from the division of other pre-existing nuclei. His \"\"Studien über Protoplasma\"\" was published in 1876. Gottlieb Haberlandt, a German botanist, studied plant physiology and classified plant tissue based upon function. On this basis, in 1884 he published \"\"Physiologische Pflanzenanatomie\"\" (\"\"Physiological Plant Anatomy\"\") in which he described twelve types of tissue systems (absorptive, mechanical, photosynthetic, etc.). British paleobotanists Dunkinfield Henry Scott and William Crawford Williamson described the structures of fossilized plants at the end of the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 18 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17760278", "chunk_text": "\"History of cell membrane theory\"\ntwo molecular layers of lipids—a lipid bilayer. New tools over the next few decades confirmed this theory, but controversy remained regarding the role of proteins in the cell membrane. Eventually the fluid mosaic model was composed in which proteins “float” in a fluid lipid bilayer \"\"sea\"\". Although simplistic and incomplete, this model is still widely referenced today. Since the invention of the microscope in the seventeenth century it has been known that plant and animal tissue is composed of cells : the cell was discovered by Robert Hooke. The plant cell wall was easily visible even with these early microscopes", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 19 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11211475", "chunk_text": "\"On Plants\"\nof plants, the effects of external conditions and climate on plants, water plants, rock plants, effects of locality on plants, parasitism, the production of fruits and leaves, the colors and shapes of plants, and fruits and their flavors. On Plants On Plants (; ) is a work, sometimes attributed to Aristotle, but generally believed to have been written by Nicolaus of Damascus in the first century BC. It describes the nature and origins of plants. The work is divided into two parts. The first part discusses the nature of plant life, sex in plants, the parts of plants, the structure", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 20 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9658927", "chunk_text": "Botany\nclassifications. Examples of early botanical works have been found in ancient texts from India dating back to before 1100 BC, in archaic Avestan writings, and in works from China before it was unified in 221 BC. Modern botany traces its roots back to Ancient Greece specifically to Theophrastus (c. 371–287 BC), a student of Aristotle who invented and described many of its principles and is widely regarded in the scientific community as the \"\"Father of Botany\"\". His major works, \"\"Enquiry into Plants\"\" and \"\"On the Causes of Plants\"\", constitute the most important contributions to botanical science until the Middle Ages,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 21 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19974515", "chunk_text": "\"History of botany\"\nand industry. In 1903 Chlorophylls a and b were separated by thin layer chromatography then, through the 1920s and 1930s, biochemists, notably Hans Krebs (1900–1981) and Carl (1896–1984) and Gerty Cori (1896–1957) began tracing out the central metabolic pathways of life. Between the 1930s and 1950s it was determined that ATP, located in mitochondria, was the source of cellular chemical energy and the constituent reactions of photosynthesis were progressively revealed. Then, in 1944 DNA was extracted for the first time. Along with these revelations there was the discovery of plant hormones or \"\"growth substances\"\", notably auxins, (1934) gibberellins (1934) and", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 22 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19611109", "chunk_text": "\"Cell theory\"\noptical quality did not improve until the 1880s when he hired Otto Schott and eventually Ernst Abbe. Optical microscopes can focus on objects the size of a wavelength or larger, giving restrictions still to advancement in discoveries with objects smaller than the wavelengths of visible light. Later in the 1920s, the electron microscope was developed, making it possible to view objects that are smaller than optical wavelengths, once again, changing the possibilities in science. The cell was first discovered by Robert Hooke in 1665, which can be found to be described in his book Micrographia. In this book, he gave", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 23 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5390165", "chunk_text": "\"John Goodsir\"\nand structure of cellular life and organisation. He concluded that all living organisms are formed of microscopic units, cells. Goodsir was not alone in postulating such a concept and the theory that cells form the basic structure of tissues in all plants and animals has been attributed to Matthius Schleiden and to Theodor Schwann. Goodsir posed and then answered the questions ‘What is a cell with its walls, contents, nucleus and nucleolus? How is a cell formed? How do cells multiply?’ The theory which he developed from these studies was original and won the extravagant praise of Rudolf Virchow (1821–1902),", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 24 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19611115", "chunk_text": "\"Cell theory\"\nanimals or plants. This conclusion was not made until Henri Dutrochet. Besides stating “the cell is the fundamental element of organization”, Dutrochet also claimed that cells were not just a structural unit, but also a physiological unit. In 1804, Karl Rudolphi and J.H.F. Link were awarded the prize for \"\"solving the problem of the nature of cells\"\", meaning they were the first to prove that cells had independent cell walls by the Königliche Societät der Wissenschaft (Royal Society of Science), Göttingen. Before, it had been thought that cells shared walls and the fluid passed between them this way. Credit for", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 25 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19611114", "chunk_text": "\"Cell theory\"\nthe previous theory of spontaneous generation. After reading letters by Leeuwenhoek, Hooke was the first to confirm his observations that were thought to be unlikely by other contemporaries. The cells in animal tissues were observed after plants were because the tissues were so fragile and susceptible to tearing, it was difficult for such thin slices to be prepared for studying. Biologists believed that there was a fundamental unit to life, but were unsure what this was. It would not be until over a hundred years later that this fundamental unit was connected to cellular structure and existence of cells in", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 26 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4212594", "chunk_text": "\"Jan Ingenhousz\"\nJan Ingenhousz Jan Ingenhousz or Ingen-Housz FRS (8 December 1730 – 7 September 1799) was a Dutch physiologist, biologist and chemist. He is best known for discovering photosynthesis by showing that light is essential to the process by which green plants absorb carbon dioxide and release oxygen. He also discovered that plants, like animals, have cellular respiration. In his lifetime he was known for successfully inoculating the members of the Habsburg family in Vienna against smallpox in 1768 and subsequently being the private counsellor and personal physician to the Austrian Empress Maria Theresa. He was born into the patrician Ingen", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 27 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17254178", "chunk_text": "\"Carl Benda\"\nCarl Benda Carl Benda (30 December 1857 Berlin – 24 May 1932 Turin) was one of the first microbiologists to use a microscope in studying the internal structure of cells. In an 1898 experiment using crystal violet as a specific stain, Benda first became aware of the existence of hundreds of these tiny bodies in the cytoplasm of eukaryotic cells and assumed that they reinforced the cell structure. Because of their tendency to form long chains, he coined the name \"\"mitochondria\"\" (\"\"thread granules\"\"). These bodies had first been noted in 1857 by the physiologist and pioneer of the light microscope,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 28 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13216024", "chunk_text": "\"Wanda Kirkbride Farr\"\nWanda Kirkbride Farr Wanda K. Farr (January 9, 1895 – April 16, 1983) was an American botanist known for her discovery of the mechanism by which cellulose is formed in the walls of plant cells. Wanda Farr (\"\"née\"\" Kirkbride) was born near New Matamoras, Ohio on January 9, 1895, to parents Frederick Alonzo Kirkbride and Clara M Nicolaus. When she was four years old, her father died and she and her mother went to live with Wanda's grandparents in New Matamoras. Her great grandfather, Dr. Samuel Richardson, was a physician who lived in the same town. He helped cultivate her", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 29 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19128431", "chunk_text": "\"History of botany\"\nsap flow in woody tissue is upward. His results were published in \"\"Vegetable Staticks\"\" (1727) He also noted that \"\"air makes a very considerable part of the substance of vegetables\"\". English chemist Joseph Priestley (1733–1804) is noted for his discovery of oxygen (as now called) and its production by plants. Later Jan Ingenhousz (1730–1799) observed that only in sunlight do the green parts of plants absorb air and release oxygen, this being more rapid in bright sunlight while, at night, the air (CO) is released from all parts. His results were published in \"\"Experiments upon vegetables\"\" (1779) and with this", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 30 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2045411", "chunk_text": "\"Matthias Jakob Schleiden\"\nwas a passage that embraced the transmutation of species. He was one of the first German biologists to accept Charles Darwin's theory of evolution. He has been described as a leading proponent of Darwinism in Germany. Matthias Jakob Schleiden Matthias Jakob Schleiden (; 5 April 1804 23 June 1881) was a German botanist and co-founder of cell theory, along with Theodor Schwann and Rudolf Virchow. Matthais Jakob Schleiden was born in Hamburg, Germany, on 5 April 1804. His father was the municipal physician of Hamburg. Schleiden pursued legal studies graduating in 1827. He then established a legal practice but after", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 31 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2513764", "chunk_text": "Botany\ntheory with Theodor Schwann and Rudolf Virchow and was among the first to grasp the significance of the cell nucleus that had been described by Robert Brown in 1831. In 1855, Adolf Fick formulated Fick's laws that enabled the calculation of the rates of molecular diffusion in biological systems. Building upon the gene-chromosome theory of heredity that originated with Gregor Mendel (1822–1884), August Weismann (1834–1914) proved that inheritance only takes place through gametes. No other cells can pass on inherited characters. The work of Katherine Esau (1898–1997) on plant anatomy is still a major foundation of modern botany. Her books", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 32 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4887991", "chunk_text": "\"Hugo von Mohl\"\ngenerally adopted of growth of cell-wall by apposition. He first explained the true nature of pits, and showed the cellular origin of vessels and of fibrous cells; he was, in fact, the true founder of the cell theory. Clearly the author of such researches was the man to collect into one volume the theory of cell-formation, and this he did in his treatise \"\"Die vegetabilische Zelle\"\" (1851), a short work translated into English (Ray Society, 1852). Mohl's early investigations on the structure of palms, of cycads, and of tree ferns permanently laid the foundation of all later knowledge of this", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 33 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17367088", "chunk_text": "\"Metamorphosis of Plants\"\nMetamorphosis of Plants Versuch die Metamorphose der Pflanzen zu erklären, known in English as Metamorphosis of Plants, was published by German poet and philosopher Johann Wolfgang von Goethe in 1790. In this work, Goethe essentially discovered the (serially) homologous nature of leaf organs in plants, from cotyledons, to photosynthetic leaves, to the petals of a flower. Although Sir Richard Owen, the British vertebrate anatomist, is generally credited with first articulating a definition of the word \"\"homology\"\" (in 1843), it is clear that Goethe had already arrived at a sophisticated view of homology and transformation (within an idealist morphological perspective) more", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 34 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3002535", "chunk_text": "Protoplasm\nredefined the term (also named as \"\"Primordialschlauch\"\", \"\"primordial utricle\"\") to refer to the \"\"tough, slimy, granular, semi-fluid\"\" substance within plant cells, to distinguish this from the cell wall and the cell sap (\"\"Zellsaft\"\") within the vacuole. Thomas Huxley (1869) later referred to it as the \"\"physical basis of life\"\" and considered that the property of life resulted from the distribution of molecules within this substance. The protoplasm became an \"\"epistemic thing\"\". Its composition, however, was mysterious and there was much controversy over what sort of substance it was. In 1872, Beale created the vitalist term \"\"bioplasm\"\", to contrast with the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 35 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13660834", "chunk_text": "\"Harold Hill Smith\"\nHarold Hill Smith Harold Hill Smith (April 24, 1910 – October 19, 1994) was an American geneticist who first fused a human cell and a plant cell. Born in Kearny, New Jersey, Smith graduated from Rutgers University and earned master's and doctoral degrees in genetics at Harvard University. He then worked for seven years at the United States Department of Agriculture before serving in the United States Navy in World War II. He was appointed professor of plant genetics at Cornell University and was senior geneticist at the Brookhaven National Laboratory from 1955 to his retirement in 1978. He died", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 36 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4059836", "chunk_text": "\"Jan Evangelista Purkyně\"\nJan Evangelista Purkyně Jan Evangelista Purkyně (; also written Johann Evangelist Purkinje) (17 or 18 December 1787 – 28 July 1869) was a Czech anatomist and physiologist. In 1839, he coined the term 'protoplasm' for the fluid substance of a cell. He was one of the best known scientists of his time. Such was his fame that when people from outside Europe wrote letters to him, all that they needed to put as the address was \"\"Purkyně, Europe\"\". His son was the painter Karel Purkyně. He is buried in the Czech National Cemetery in Vyšehrad, Prague, in modern-day Czech Republic.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 37 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6944141", "chunk_text": "\"Experiments on Plant Hybridization\"\nExperiments on Plant Hybridization \"\"Experiments on Plant Hybridization\"\" (German: \"\"Versuche über Pflanzen-Hybriden\"\") is a seminal paper written in 1865 and published in 1866 by Gregor Mendel, an Augustinian friar considered to be the founder of modern genetics. The paper was the result after years spent studying genetic traits in \"\"Pisum sativum\"\", the pea plant. Mendel read his paper to the Natural History Society of Brünn. It was published in the \"\"Proceedings of the Natural History Society of Brünn\"\" the following year. In his paper, Mendel compared pairs of discrete traits: Through experimentation, Mendel discovered that one inheritable trait would invariably", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 38 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14698958", "chunk_text": "Chloroplast\nwho forms\"\". The first definitive description of a chloroplast (\"\"Chlorophyllkörnen\"\", \"\"grain of chlorophyll\"\") was given by Hugo von Mohl in 1837 as discrete bodies within the green plant cell. In 1883, A. F. W. Schimper would name these bodies as \"\"chloroplastids\"\" (\"\"Chloroplastiden\"\"). In 1884, Eduard Strasburger adopted the term \"\"chloroplasts\"\" (\"\"Chloroplasten\"\"). Chloroplasts are one of many types of organelles in the plant cell. They are considered to have originated from cyanobacteria through endosymbiosis—when a eukaryotic cell engulfed a photosynthesizing cyanobacterium that became a permanent resident in the cell. Mitochondria are thought to have come from a similar event, where an", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 39 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19611113", "chunk_text": "\"Cell theory\"\nincluded protozoa and other unicellular organisms, like bacteria. Though he did not have much formal education, he was able to identify the first accurate description of red blood cells and discovered bacteria after gaining interest in the sense of taste that resulted in Leeuwenhoek to observe the tongue of an ox, then leading him to study \"\"pepper water\"\" in 1676. He also found for the first time the sperm cells of animals and humans. Once discovering these types of cells, Leeuwenhoek saw that the fertilization process requires the sperm cell to enter the egg cell. This put an end to", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 40 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19128433", "chunk_text": "\"History of botany\"\nwas Rudolf Camerarius (1665–1721) who was the first to establish plant sexuality conclusively by experiment. He declared in a letter to a colleague dated 1694 and titled \"\" that \"\"no ovules of plants could ever develop into seeds from the female style and ovary without first being prepared by the pollen from the stamens, the male sexual organs of the plant\"\". Much was learned about plant sexuality by unravelling the reproductive mechanisms of mosses, liverworts and algae. In his \"\"\"\" of 1851 Wilhelm Hofmeister (1824–1877) starting with the ferns and bryophytes demonstrated that the process of sexual reproduction in plants", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 41 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13660835", "chunk_text": "\"Harold Hill Smith\"\nof natural causes in State College, Pennsylvania. Harold Hill Smith Harold Hill Smith (April 24, 1910 – October 19, 1994) was an American geneticist who first fused a human cell and a plant cell. Born in Kearny, New Jersey, Smith graduated from Rutgers University and earned master's and doctoral degrees in genetics at Harvard University. He then worked for seven years at the United States Department of Agriculture before serving in the United States Navy in World War II. He was appointed professor of plant genetics at Cornell University and was senior geneticist at the Brookhaven National Laboratory from 1955", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 42 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17367089", "chunk_text": "\"Metamorphosis of Plants\"\nthan fifty years earlier. Metamorphosis of Plants Versuch die Metamorphose der Pflanzen zu erklären, known in English as Metamorphosis of Plants, was published by German poet and philosopher Johann Wolfgang von Goethe in 1790. In this work, Goethe essentially discovered the (serially) homologous nature of leaf organs in plants, from cotyledons, to photosynthetic leaves, to the petals of a flower. Although Sir Richard Owen, the British vertebrate anatomist, is generally credited with first articulating a definition of the word \"\"homology\"\" (in 1843), it is clear that Goethe had already arrived at a sophisticated view of homology and transformation (within an", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 43 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3335925", "chunk_text": "Life\non Earth. Aristotle was the first person to classify organisms. Later, Carl Linnaeus introduced his system of binomial nomenclature for the classification of species. Eventually new groups and categories of life were discovered, such as cells and microorganisms, forcing dramatic revisions of the structure of relationships between living organisms. The cell is considered the structural and functional unit of life. There are two kinds of cells, prokaryotic and eukaryotic, both of which consist of cytoplasm enclosed within a membrane and contain many biomolecules such as proteins and nucleic acids. Cells reproduce through a process of cell division, in which the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 44 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19128429", "chunk_text": "\"History of botany\"\nthe resolution needed to make major discoveries. Important general biological observations were made by Robert Hooke (1635–1703) but the foundations of plant anatomy were laid by Italian Marcello Malpighi (1628–1694) of the University of Bologna in his \"\"\"\" (1675) and Royal Society Englishman Nehemiah Grew (1628–1711) in his \"\"The Anatomy of Plants Begun\"\" (1671) and \"\"Anatomy of Plants\"\" (1682). These botanists explored what is now called developmental anatomy and morphology by carefully observing, describing and drawing the developmental transition from seed to mature plant, recording stem and wood formation. This work included the discovery and naming of parenchyma and stomata.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 45 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11120824", "chunk_text": "\"Gregor Mendel\"\nGregor Mendel Gregor Johann Mendel (; 20 July 1822 – 6 January 1884) () was a scientist, Augustinian friar and abbot of St. Thomas' Abbey in Brno, Margraviate of Moravia. Mendel was born in a German-speaking family in the Silesian part of the Austrian Empire (today's Czech Republic) and gained posthumous recognition as the founder of the modern science of genetics. Though farmers had known for millennia that crossbreeding of animals and plants could favor certain desirable traits, Mendel's pea plant experiments conducted between 1856 and 1863 established many of the rules of heredity, now referred to as the laws", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 46 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "659747", "chunk_text": "\"Plant anatomy\"\nthe eighteenth century, Carl Linnaeus established taxonomy based on structure, and his early work was with plant anatomy. While the exact structural level which is to be considered to be scientifically valid for comparison and differentiation has changed with the growth of knowledge, the basic principles were established by Linnaeus. He published his master work, \"\"Species Plantarum\"\" in 1753. In 1802, French botanist Charles-François Brisseau de Mirbel, published \"\"Traité d'anatomie et de physiologie végétale\"\" (\"\"Treatise on Plant Anatomy and Physiology\"\") establishing the beginnings of the science of plant cytology. In 1812, Johann Jacob Paul Moldenhawer published \"\"Beyträge zur Anatomie der", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 47 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "659746", "chunk_text": "\"Plant anatomy\"\n1600s that plant anatomy became refined into a modern science. Italian doctor and microscopist, Marcello Malpighi, was one of the two founders of plant anatomy. In 1671 he published his \"\"Anatomia Plantarum\"\", the first major advance in plant physiogamy since Aristotle. The other founder was the British doctor Nehemiah Grew. He published \"\"An Idea of a Philosophical History of Plants\"\" in 1672 and \"\"The Anatomy of Plants\"\" in 1682. Grew is credited with the recognition of plant cells, although he called them 'vesicles' and 'bladders'. He correctly identified and described the sexual organs of plants (flowers) and their parts. In", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 48 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7737354", "chunk_text": "\"Neuron doctrine\"\nhistological work of Albert von Kölliker, Camillo Golgi, Franz Nissl, Santiago Ramón y Cajal, Auguste Forel and others. Theodor Schwann proposed in 1839 that the tissues of all organisms are composed of cells. Schwann was expanding on the proposal of his good friend Matthias Jakob Schleiden the previous year that all plant tissues were composed of cells. The nervous system stood as an exception. Although nerve cells had been described in tissue by numerous investigators including Jan Purkinje, Gabriel Valentin, and Robert Remak, the relationship between the nerve cells and other features such as dendrites and axons was not clear.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 49 } ]
test_3436	when was the suite life of zack and cody made?	n/a	[ "March 18, 2005", "September 1, 2008", "2005" ]	[]	n/a	n/a	n/a	[]	[ { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17006357", "chunk_text": "\"The Suite Life of Zack & Cody\"\nThe Suite Life of Zack & Cody The Suite Life of Zack & Cody is an American sitcom created by Danny Kallis and Jim Geoghan. The series aired on Disney Channel from March 18, 2005, to September 1, 2008 with 4 million viewers, making it the most successful premiere for Disney Channel. The series was nominated for an Emmy Award three times and was nominated for a Nickelodeon Kids' Choice Award three times. The show was also a long-standing staple of the now defunct ABC Kids Saturday morning block on ABC. The series is set in the Tipton Hotel in", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 0 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17006379", "chunk_text": "\"The Suite Life of Zack & Cody\"\nfor the show was announced to be released around Summer 2008. It would have featured songs from and inspired from the show, including songs from Ashley Tisdale, Brenda Song, Jesse McCartney, and Raven-Symoné. This idea was scrapped as of 2017. The Suite Life of Zack & Cody The Suite Life of Zack & Cody is an American sitcom created by Danny Kallis and Jim Geoghan. The series aired on Disney Channel from March 18, 2005, to September 1, 2008 with 4 million viewers, making it the most successful premiere for Disney Channel. The series was nominated for an Emmy Award", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 1 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20318826", "chunk_text": "\"The Suite Life Movie\"\nThe Suite Life Movie The Suite Life Movie is a 2011 science fiction comedy-drama film directed by Sean McNamara, written by Michael Saltzman, and starring Dylan and Cole Sprouse, Brenda Song, Debby Ryan, Matthew Timmons, John Ducey, Matthew Glave, and Phill Lewis. The Disney Channel Original Movie is based on the pair of Disney Channel sitcoms \"\"The Suite Life of Zack & Cody\"\" and \"\"The Suite Life on Deck\"\" created by Danny Kallis and Jim Geoghan. Dylan and Cole Sprouse were also executive producers for the movie. The film premiered on March 25, 2011 on the Disney Channel. A sneak", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 2 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17006359", "chunk_text": "\"The Suite Life of Zack & Cody\"\napp. Reruns of the show aired on Disney Channel until April 14, 2017. \"\"The Suite Life\"\" spawned a sequel series, also starring the Sprouse twins in their respective roles as Zack and Cody, called \"\"The Suite Life on Deck\"\", which aired on the Disney Channel from 2008 to 2011. A TV movie based on both series, \"\"The Suite Life Movie\"\", premiered on Disney Channel on March 25, 2011. The show centers upon Zack and Cody Martin, twin brothers who live in the Tipton Hotel (parody of the Hilton Hotel) in Boston, where their mother, Carey, sings and performs in the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 3 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "529184", "chunk_text": "\"The Suite Life on Deck\"\nconcert in Hawaii featuring Hannah Montana, who has boarded the SS \"\"Tipton\"\". In the meantime, the Russo siblings enjoy a cruise of their own until Alex pulls a prank that causes Justin to turn blue. On September 20, 2010, Disney Channel announced that production had begun for a Disney Channel Original Movie based on \"\"The Suite Life of Zack & Cody\"\" and \"\"The Suite Life on Deck\"\". \"\"The Suite Life Movie\"\" premiered on the Disney Channel in the United States and Canada on March 25, 2011. In 2013, during an interview with \"\"Gawker\"\", Dylan Sprouse revealed he and his brother", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 4 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17006374", "chunk_text": "\"The Suite Life of Zack & Cody\"\nOriginal Movie based on \"\"The Suite Life of Zack & Cody\"\" and \"\"The Suite Life on Deck\"\". \"\"The Suite Life Movie\"\" premiered on the Disney Channel in the United States and Canada on March 25, 2011. \"\"The Suite Life on Deck\"\" eventually ended on May 6, 2011. An Indian adaptation of the show, titled \"\"The Suite Life of Karan & Kabir\"\", premiered on Disney Channel India on April 8, 2012. It ran for two seasons and ended on January 19, 2014. In 2005, ABC's child block ABC Kids aired The Suite Life of Zack and Cody until its closing in", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 5 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17006358", "chunk_text": "\"The Suite Life of Zack & Cody\"\nBoston and centers on Zack Martin and Cody Martin (Dylan and Cole Sprouse), troublesome twins who live at the Tipton Hotel. The series' other main characters include the Tipton hotel's ditzy heiress London Tipton (Brenda Song), the hotel's candy counter girl Maddie Fitzpatrick (Ashley Tisdale), the manager, Mr. Marion Moseby (Phill Lewis), and the boys' single mother who is also the Hotel's lounge singer, Carey Martin (Kim Rhodes). The series is the third Disney Channel Original to have more than 65 episodes, after \"\"That's So Raven\"\" and \"\"Kim Possible\"\". Reruns aired on Disney XD and on the Watch Disney XD", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 6 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19461512", "chunk_text": "\"The Suite Life Goes Hollywood\"\nCody being fired and The Veronicas being hired. The group then head back to Boston the next day. \"\"Note: The interior scenes for the Los Angeles Tipton, as well as the Hollywood set-version for the soundstage was actually filmed on the exact same set that's used to represent the Boston Tipton for the entire series (as the whole series was filmed in Los Angeles).\"\" The Suite Life Goes Hollywood \"\"The Suite Life Goes Hollywood\"\" is an hour-long episode of \"\"The Suite Life of Zack & Cody\"\". It was presented in two parts and premiered on April 20, 2007, with two", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 7 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "529186", "chunk_text": "\"The Suite Life on Deck\"\nThe Sprouses rejected the concept, leaving the project abandoned. \"\"The Suite Life on Deck\"\" premiered in Australia and New Zealand October 6, 2008. It is broadcast on Disney Channel and on NZ MediaWorks TV3 and FOUR. The Canadian Family Channel debuted the series October 13, 2008. VRAK.TV broadcast the series as \"\"La vie de croisière de Zack et Cody\"\" (\"\"The Cruise Life of Zack and Cody\"\") beginning August 27, 2009. The series also aired on Disney XD (Canada) beginning June 1, 2011. In Ireland, the series debuted on Disney XD September 4, 2010. Disney Channel broadcast the series in the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 8 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18540757", "chunk_text": "\"The Suite Life Goes Hollywood\"\nThe Suite Life Goes Hollywood \"\"The Suite Life Goes Hollywood\"\" is an hour-long episode of \"\"The Suite Life of Zack & Cody\"\". It was presented in two parts and premiered on April 20, 2007, with two encores on April 21 and April 22. On a winter day when school is closed, Zack and Cody cause mischief in the hotel. Two failing screenwriters notice their antics and think it might make a good television show, so the boys, their mother, Maddie, London, and Mr. Moseby fly to Hollywood to consult with the writers and observe the pilot of the show, titled", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 9 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17006375", "chunk_text": "\"The Suite Life of Zack & Cody\"\n2011. Then it become Toon Disney's first live-action comedy program in 2008. After Toon Disney's closing, they showed reruns on Disney XD. As of June 22, 2015, re-runs air on Disney Channel from 1-2 am eastern and from 4-5 am eastern. As of Fall 2015, re-runs air on Disney Channel at 1:30am eastern and 4:30am eastern. \"\"The Suite Life of Zack & Cody\"\" is broadcast on the following stations (and many others) around the world: All episodes of the show are available on iTunes and Zune. The Complete First Season was released to Germany and Brazil on November 13, 2008.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 10 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17006369", "chunk_text": "\"The Suite Life of Zack & Cody\"\nthe Cluck Bucket, an aptitude company, and the restaurant where Wayne \"\"dates\"\" London. There are even two episodes that take place in Hollywood, which includes a movie studio, LAX, a beach, Sunset Blvd, Hollywood Blvd, and the Tipton Los Angeles. The show's theme song, \"\"Here I Am,\"\" was written by John Adair and Steve Hampton (who also wrote the theme for the show's spinoff \"\"The Suite Life on Deck\"\", as well as for fellow Disney Channel series \"\"Phil of the Future\"\", \"\"Wizards of Waverly Place\"\", \"\"Good Luck Charlie\"\", \"\"Shake It Up\"\", \"\"Sonny with a Chance\"\", \"\"Jonas\"\", \"\"So Random!\"\", \"\"A.N.T. Farm\"\",", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 11 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17006372", "chunk_text": "\"The Suite Life of Zack & Cody\"\nto look as if drawn by differently colored crayons, attached to it), which was accompanied by the Disney logo atop the title logo for the third season (all Disney Channel sitcoms made from 2007 onwards feature the Disney logo above the title logo). Starting with season two, the cast members and creators' names were displayed with a yellow glow around the text. \"\"The Suite Life on Deck\"\" is a sequel to \"\"The Suite Life of Zack & Cody\"\", that debuted on Disney Channel on September 26, 2008, set on a cruise ship with Zack, Cody, and London attending a semester-at-sea", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 12 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14572798", "chunk_text": "\"The Suite Life of Zack & Cody (season 1)\"\nThe Suite Life of Zack & Cody (season 1) The first season of \"\"The Suite Life of Zack & Cody\"\" aired on Disney Channel from March 18, 2005 to January 27, 2006. The season introduces Zack and Cody Martin, twin brothers who move into the Tipton Hotel in Boston with their mother, Carey, where she sings and performs in the lounge. The show also centers in London Tipton, the daughter of the hotel owner, who is very wealthy and ditzy, the hotel's down-to-earth candy-counter girl, Maddie Fitzpatrick, and Mr. Moseby, the strict, dutiful, and serious manager, who is often the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 13 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8173607", "chunk_text": "\"The Suite Life of Zack & Cody (season 1)\"\nThe Suite Life of Zack & Cody (season 1) The first season of \"\"The Suite Life of Zack & Cody\"\" aired on Disney Channel from March 18, 2005 to January 27, 2006. The season introduces Zack and Cody Martin, twin brothers who move into the Tipton Hotel in Boston with their mother, Carey, where she sings and performs in the lounge. The show also centers in London Tipton, the daughter of the hotel owner, who is very wealthy and ditzy, the hotel's down-to-earth candy-counter girl, Maddie Fitzpatrick, and Mr. Moseby, the strict, dutiful, and serious manager, who is often the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 14 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17006362", "chunk_text": "\"The Suite Life of Zack & Cody\"\nappeared more than once is included at list of recurring characters in The Suite Life of Zack & Cody. The 2007–08 Writers Guild of America strike resulted in the series being on hiatus. When the strike ended, new episodes began airing on April 19, 2008. The show eventually ended for good with its series finale, a total of three seasons and 87 episodes on September 1, 2008. The episode \"\"That's So Suite Life of Hannah Montana\"\" is the second part of a three-way crossover that begins on \"\"That's So Raven\"\" and concludes on \"\"Hannah Montana\"\". Raven Baxter meets Zack and", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 15 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4496531", "chunk_text": "\"Zack Martin (Suite Life)\"\nsaid of Zack and Cody, \"\"The characters were originally based off our personalities. In fact, they were originally named Dylan and Cole.\"\" Zack was born at St. Joseph's Hospital in Seattle, Washington at 6:30 on a Saturday. The year of his birth is not clear. In \"\"The Suite Life on Deck\"\" episode, \"\"Das Boots\"\", it is said to be 1993. However, in the episode of \"\"The Suite Life of Zack & Cody\"\" titled \"\"Poor Little Rich Girl\"\", a baby video of he and his brother is date-stamped September 23, 1992. The twins attended Buckner Middle School during seasons 1 &", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 16 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12388130", "chunk_text": "\"The Suite Life on Deck\"\nThe Suite Life on Deck The Suite Life on Deck is an American sitcom that aired on Disney Channel from September 26, 2008 to May 6, 2011. It is a sequel/spin-off of the Disney Channel Original Series \"\"The Suite Life of Zack & Cody\"\". The series follows twin brothers Zack and Cody Martin and hotel heiress London Tipton in a new setting, the SS \"\"Tipton\"\", where they attend classes at \"\"Seven Seas High School\"\" and meet Bailey Pickett while Mr. Moseby manages the ship. The ship travels around the world to nations such as Italy, France, Greece, India, Sweden and", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 17 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9765381", "chunk_text": "\"Cody Martin\"\nfour months. Sprouse said of Zack and Cody, \"\"The characters were originally based off our personalities. In fact, they were originally named Dylan and Cole.\"\" Cody was born at St. Joseph's Hospital in Seattle, Washington at 6:40 on a Saturday. The year of his birth is not clear. In \"\"The Suite Life on Deck\"\" episode, \"\"Das Boots\"\", it is said to be 1993. However, in the episode of \"\"The Suite Life of Zack & Cody\"\" titled \"\"Poor Little Rich Girl\"\", a baby video of he and his brother is date-stamped September 23, 1992. The twins attended Buckner Middle School during", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 18 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17006370", "chunk_text": "\"The Suite Life of Zack & Cody\"\n\"\"PrankStars\"\", and \"\"Austin & Ally\"\" and the ABC Kids series \"\"\"\"), with music composed by Gary Scott (who also composed the music cues to signal scene changes and promo breaks, which are styled similarly to the theme), and is performed by Loren Ellis and the Drew Davis Band (who also performed the theme to \"\"Phil of the Future\"\", and whose performance is uncredited). The theme was remixed for the ending credits of \"\"Rock Star in the House\"\" in a form similar to \"\"Beautiful Soul\"\" to accompany the episode's guest appearance of Jesse McCartney. The opening title sequence to the show", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 19 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8173603", "chunk_text": "\"The Suite Life of Zack & Cody (season 1)\"\nto the luxurious Tipton Hotel, when their mother Carey (Kim Rhodes) gets a job as a singer in the lounge. The hotel is managed by Mr. Moseby (Phill Lewis), who has also taken care of the heiress of the Tipton empire her whole life, London Tipton (Brenda Song). The show also introduces Maddie (Ashley Tisdale), the teenage candy-counter girl at the Tipton Hotel, who despite being the complete opposite of London, ends up becoming her best friend. The show's theme song, \"\"Here I Am,\"\" was written by John Adair and Steve Hampton (who also wrote the theme for the show's", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 20 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13997360", "chunk_text": "\"Dylan and Cole Sprouse\"\nin the Disney Channel original series \"\"The Suite Life of Zack & Cody\"\", where they portrayed identical twins Zack and Cody Martin, respectively. The series, which debuted in March 2005, became a ratings success. As part of their involvement with Disney, the brothers also became part of the 11-member group, the Disney Channel Circle of Stars, and sang the song \"\"A Dream is a Wish Your Heart Makes\"\" along with the members of the circle, for a video that was released as bonus material in the special edition version of the Disney film \"\"Cinderella\"\". They also participated in the Disney", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 21 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20987777", "chunk_text": "\"The Suite Life of Zack & Cody (season 3)\"\nThe Suite Life of Zack & Cody (season 3) The third season of \"\"The Suite Life of Zack & Cody\"\" aired on Disney Channel from July 23, 2007 to September 1, 2008. Zack and Cody Martin are twin brothers who move into the Tipton Hotel in Boston with their mother, Carey, where she sings and performs in the lounge. The show also centers in London Tipton, the daughter of the hotel owner, who is very wealthy and ditzy, the hotel's down-to-earth candy-counter girl, Maddie Fitzpatrick, and Mr. Moseby, the strict, dutiful, and serious manager, who is often the foil to", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 22 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20318827", "chunk_text": "\"The Suite Life Movie\"\npeek was shown during the Disney Channel \"\"Shake It Up\"\" New Year's event. After making plans to spend spring break with his girlfriend Bailey Pickett (Debby Ryan), Cody Martin (Cole Sprouse) decides to leave the SS \"\"Tipton\"\", a large cruise ship where he attends school, to work as an intern for Dr. Donald Spaulding (John Ducey) at a prestigious research firm instead. He does so in hopes of obtaining a scholarship to Yale. When Cody's twin brother Zack (Dylan Sprouse) reveals Cody's plans to Bailey before Cody could, she becomes infuriated that Cody canceled his plans with her and refuses", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 23 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14572805", "chunk_text": "\"The Suite Life of Zack & Cody (season 1)\"\nguest stars and notable appearances in this season include: Victoria Justice as Rebecca, Julia Duffy as Martha Harrington and Jesse McCartney as himself. The show was originally ordered to series for a 21-episode first season. However, after the show premiered with good ratings establishing itself as Disney’s top series in key boy demographics, and only behind \"\"That’s So Raven\"\" in kids 2-11 and 6-11, the network decided to order five additional episodes to a total of 26 episodes for the first season. Set in Boston, the show focuses on the twins Zack (Dylan Sprouse) and Cody (Cole Sprouse) who move", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 24 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18560289", "chunk_text": "\"The Suite Life of Zack & Cody (season 2)\"\nThe Suite Life of Zack & Cody (season 2) The second season of \"\"The Suite Life of Zack & Cody\"\" aired on Disney Channel from February 3, 2006 to June 2, 2007. Zack and Cody Martin are twin brothers who move into the Tipton Hotel in Boston with their mother, Carey, where she sings and performs in the lounge. The show also centers in London Tipton, the daughter of the hotel owner, who is very wealthy and ditzy, the hotel's down-to-earth candy-counter girl, Maddie Fitzpatrick, and Mr. Moseby, the strict, dutiful, and serious manager, who is often the foil to", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 25 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17660310", "chunk_text": "\"The Suite Life Sets Sail\"\nit became the most watched pilot in Canada and on the Family network, also outpacing veteran series \"\"Hannah Montana\"\" and \"\"Wizards of Waverly Place\"\" with the ratings. Hotel heiress London Tipton (Brenda Song) and twins Zack (Dylan Sprouse) and Cody Martin (Cole Sprouse) are to attend a new semester in Seven Seas High School on the SS \"\"Tipton\"\", a cruise ship owned by Wilfred Tipton (voiced by Bob Joles and played by Adam Tait in The Suite Life of Zack & Cody; played by John Michael Higgins in the special Suite Life On Deck episode \"\"Twister\"\"). (which was seen in", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 26 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8780049", "chunk_text": "\"Dylan Sprouse\"\nDylan Sprouse Dylan Thomas Sprouse (born August 4, 1992) is an American actor and the twin brother of Cole Sprouse. He is known for his role as Zack Martin on the Disney Channel series \"\"The Suite Life of Zack & Cody\"\" and its spin-off, \"\"The Suite Life on Deck\"\". Sprouse was born in Arezzo, Italy, to American parents Matthew Sprouse and Melanie Wright, while they were teaching at an English language school in Tuscany. Dylan was born 15 minutes before his younger twin brother Cole Sprouse. Four months after his birth, the family moved back to their parents' native Long", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 27 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17006373", "chunk_text": "\"The Suite Life of Zack & Cody\"\nprogram, while Mr. Moseby manages the ship. Debby Ryan joins the cast as Bailey Pickett, who becomes Zack and Cody's friend (and Cody's girlfriend) and London's friend and roommate. The series also introduces Doc Shaw as Marcus Little, a former superstar who lost his fame after his voice changed. While an attempted spin-off, \"\"Arwin!\"\", which was to star Selena Gomez and Brian Stepanek, was not picked up by Disney Channel, \"\"The Suite Life on Deck\"\" skipped the pilot process and went straight to the series. On September 20, 2010, Disney Channel announced that production has begun for a Disney Channel", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 28 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17063735", "chunk_text": "\"Zack Martin (Suite Life)\"\ncombine them into a single personality, they try to escape. Zack Martin (Suite Life) Zack Martin (played by Dylan Sprouse) is a main character created by Danny Kallis and Jim Geoghan for \"\"The Suite Life of Zack & Cody\"\" and its sequel/spin-off \"\"The Suite Life on Deck\"\". Zack also appeared on cross-over episodes of other Disney Channel series, such as \"\"That's So Raven\"\", \"\"Wizards of Waverly Place\"\", \"\"Hannah Montana\"\", \"\"I'm in the Band\"\", \"\"So Random!\"\" and the special, \"\"\"\". Dylan's brother, Cole stated that the idea of twins living in a hotel was something they came up with shooting \"\"Big", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 29 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4496530", "chunk_text": "\"Zack Martin (Suite Life)\"\nZack Martin (Suite Life) Zack Martin (played by Dylan Sprouse) is a main character created by Danny Kallis and Jim Geoghan for \"\"The Suite Life of Zack & Cody\"\" and its sequel/spin-off \"\"The Suite Life on Deck\"\". Zack also appeared on cross-over episodes of other Disney Channel series, such as \"\"That's So Raven\"\", \"\"Wizards of Waverly Place\"\", \"\"Hannah Montana\"\", \"\"I'm in the Band\"\", \"\"So Random!\"\" and the special, \"\"\"\". Dylan's brother, Cole stated that the idea of twins living in a hotel was something they came up with shooting \"\"Big Daddy\"\" and staying in a hotel for four months. Sprouse", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 30 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11982088", "chunk_text": "\"Cody Martin\"\nCody Martin Cody Martin (played by Cole Sprouse) is a main character created by Danny Kallis and Jim Geoghan for \"\"The Suite Life of Zack & Cody\"\" and its sequel/spin-off \"\"The Suite Life on Deck\"\". Cody also appeared on cross-over episodes of other Disney Channel series, such as \"\"That's So Raven\"\", \"\"Wizards of Waverly Place\"\", \"\"Hannah Montana\"\", \"\"I'm in the Band\"\", \"\"So Random!\"\" and the special, \"\"\"\". Dylan Sprouse stated that the idea of twins living in a hotel was something he and his brother came up with when they were shooting \"\"Big Daddy\"\" and stayed in a hotel for", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 31 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20987784", "chunk_text": "\"The Suite Life of Zack & Cody (season 3)\"\nsame night as \"\"High School Musical 2\"\" and is about a school production of \"\"High School Musical\"\". The theme song is the same as in previous seasons, with the opening sequence replacing a few scenes with new ones from season three. <onlyinclude></onlyinclude> The Suite Life of Zack & Cody (season 3) The third season of \"\"The Suite Life of Zack & Cody\"\" aired on Disney Channel from July 23, 2007 to September 1, 2008. Zack and Cody Martin are twin brothers who move into the Tipton Hotel in Boston with their mother, Carey, where she sings and performs in the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 32 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17006371", "chunk_text": "\"The Suite Life of Zack & Cody\"\nbegins with a shot of the Tipton Hotel's ground floor exterior, which then zooms to a window on what is presumed to be the 23rd Floor of the hotel (where Zack, Cody and Carey's suite is), which then displays clips from various episodes (which were updated for each season), with five clips featuring each cast member being shown after the computerized Tipton hotel exterior shoots from window to window. The sequence then closes with the show's title logo (a door plaque with the words \"\"The Suite Life\"\" with a piece of paper with the words \"\"of Zack and Cody\"\", made", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 33 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8173606", "chunk_text": "\"The Suite Life of Zack & Cody (season 1)\"\nexterior shoots from window to window. The sequence then closes with the show's title logo (a door plaque with the words \"\"The Suite Life\"\" with a piece of paper with the words \"\"of Zack and Cody\"\", made to look as if drawn by differently colored crayons, attached to it), which was accompanied by the Disney logo atop the title logo for the third season (all Disney Channel sitcoms made from 2007 onwards feature the Disney logo above the title logo). Starting with season two, the cast members and creators' names were displayed with a yellow glow around the text. <onlyinclude></onlyinclude>", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 34 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17006361", "chunk_text": "\"The Suite Life of Zack & Cody\"\nin trouble (sometimes unintentionally) and come up with witty ideas to get out of it. Throughout the series' run, Brenda Song was absent for two episodes while Ashley Tisdale was absent from twelve episodes. All other main cast members appeared in all 87 episodes. Below is a list of cast members who have appeared in significant roles as recurring characters throughout the series. Each of the cast members listed has appeared in between 6 and 45 episodes and the list is ordered according to the number of episodes credited (highest number first). A complete list of all characters who have", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 35 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5305852", "chunk_text": "\"The Suite Life of Zack & Cody (season 2)\"\nLondon. This season features a special crossover episode titled \"\"That's So Suite Life of Hannah Montana\"\" featuring characters from \"\"That's So Raven\"\" and \"\"Hannah Montana\"\". A one-hour special episode titled \"\"The Suite Life Goes Hollywood\"\" is also apart of this season. The theme song is the same as in the first season with the opening sequence replacing a few scenes from season one with scenes from season two. <onlyinclude></onlyinclude> The Suite Life of Zack & Cody (season 2) The second season of \"\"The Suite Life of Zack & Cody\"\" aired on Disney Channel from February 3, 2006 to June 2,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 36 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12857728", "chunk_text": "\"A Modern Twain Story: The Prince and the Pauper\"\n\"\"The Suite Life of Zack & Cody\"\" and \"\"The Suite Life on Deck\"\"). The countries in which it has been shown on the Disney Channel include Australia/New Zealand, Spain/Portugal (January 17, 2009), and Disney Channel Latin America, where it aired on January 31, 2009 before a mini-marathon of \"\"The Suite Life on Deck\"\". The film had previously had a sneak peek on Disney Channel UK, but it premiered on the channel on February 6, 2009, on the same day as \"\"The Suite Life on Deck\"\" premiere. The production company was Oak Films. The movie opens showing super star Eddie Tudor", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 37 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17006363", "chunk_text": "\"The Suite Life of Zack & Cody\"\nCody as she visits the Tipton Hotel to do a photo shoot promoting a new fashion line for boys, only to have a troubling psychic vision of Cody. In the meantime, London refuses to wear one of Raven's original designs until Hannah Montana stops by and shows an interest in the fashions. The Tipton Hotel is where Zack, Cody, Carey, and London all live, and where the majority of the other characters in the series work. It is the main setting for the series. The Tipton Hotel is located in Boston, Massachusetts. Hotel Vancouver is used for the exterior of", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 38 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9014729", "chunk_text": "\"The Suite Life of Zack & Cody (season 1)\"\nThe theme was remixed for the ending credits of \"\"Rock Star in the House\"\" in a form similar to \"\"Beautiful Soul\"\" to accompany the episode's guest appearance of Jesse McCartney. The opening title sequence to the show begins with a shot of the Tipton Hotel's ground floor exterior, which then zooms to a window on what is presumed to be the 23rd Floor of the hotel (where Zack, Cody and Carey's suite is), which then displays clips from various episodes (which were updated for each season), with five clips featuring each cast member being shown after the computerized Tipton hotel", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 39 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17006376", "chunk_text": "\"The Suite Life of Zack & Cody\"\nTurkey on December 30, 2009 by Disney DVD. and Greece on September 9, 2010 by Sony Pictures. According to Amazon.com, all three seasons of the show will be released, however no release dates have been announced. Episodes in the DVD \"\"Lip Syncin' in the Rain\"\" include a French Language dub for French Canadians Like many Disney Channel Original Series, \"\"The Suite Life of Zack & Cody\"\" had a number of novels based on episodes of the series, as well as original books. The following list of novels is based on information from the Barnes & Noble website and List of", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 40 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11376097", "chunk_text": "\"Dylan and Cole Sprouse\"\nDylan and Cole Sprouse Dylan Thomas Sprouse and Cole Mitchell Sprouse (born August 4, 1992) are American actors. They are twins and are referred to as the Sprouse brothers or Sprouse Bros. Their first major theatrical film role was in the 1999 comedy, \"\"Big Daddy\"\", in which they co-starred with Adam Sandler. They later appeared in several television sitcoms and starred in the straight-to-DVD films \"\"I Saw Mommy Kissing Santa Claus\"\" and \"\"Just for Kicks\"\". From 2005 until 2008, they starred in the Disney Channel sitcom \"\"The Suite Life of Zack & Cody\"\". As a result of the series' success,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 41 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10099868", "chunk_text": "\"Phill Lewis\"\nPhill Lewis Phill Lewis (born 1968) is an American actor, director, and comedian, best known for his role as Mr. Moseby on the Disney Channel series \"\"The Suite Life of Zack & Cody\"\" and its spin-off, \"\"The Suite Life on Deck\"\". Lewis has also made appearances on popular TV shows such as \"\"Lizzie McGuire, Friends, The Wayans Bros\"\" and \"\"Scrubs\"\". Lewis was born in 1968 in Uganda. At the time, his father, former U.S. Ambassador Delano Lewis, was serving as the Peace Corps' associate director and country director for Nigeria and Uganda. Lewis has three brothers. Lewis was cast in", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 42 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10135266", "chunk_text": "\"Thunderbird Entertainment\"\nCorus Entertainment commenced production on a 26 episode first season of the comedy series \"\"Some Assembly Required\"\", which premiered on YTV on January 6, 2014. The series was created by Dan Signer (\"\"The Suite Life on Deck\"\", \"\"A.N.T. Farm\"\"), and Howard Nemetz (\"\"Mr. Young\"\", \"\"The Suite Life of Zack & Cody\"\") and stars Kolton Stewart, Charlie Storwick and Harrison Houde. \"\"Some Assembly Required\"\" tells the story of Jarvis Raines (Kolton Stewart), an average teenager who becomes boss overnight after he sues a toy company over a defective chemistry set that blows up his house. Jarvis' first act as CEO of", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 43 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20318835", "chunk_text": "\"The Suite Life Movie\"\nfunny it was\"\". She later went on to say that it was a good film for younger children to watch. She gave the film a 7 out of 10. The movie premiered with 5.2 million viewers. There were 780,000 viewers when it premiered in the UK and Ireland on February 17, 2012. The Suite Life Movie The Suite Life Movie is a 2011 science fiction comedy-drama film directed by Sean McNamara, written by Michael Saltzman, and starring Dylan and Cole Sprouse, Brenda Song, Debby Ryan, Matthew Timmons, John Ducey, Matthew Glave, and Phill Lewis. The Disney Channel Original Movie is", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 44 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5305851", "chunk_text": "\"The Suite Life of Zack & Cody (season 2)\"\nas Raven Baxter, Miley Cyrus as Hannah Montana, Selena Gomez as Gwen, Kumiko Mori as herself, Mindy Sterling as Sister Rose, Cheryl Burke as Shannon, Tahj Mowry as Brandon, Tom Poston as Merle, Nathan Kress as Jamie, Daryl Mitchell as Daryl, The Veronicas as themselves. During this new season, we see Zack and Cody on their last year of middle school in Buckner Middle School; and their adventures as Tipton Hotel residents. We also finally see Our Lady of Perpetual Sorrow Catholic School, the school Maddie and Mary Margaret attended during season one, and is now also being attended by", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 45 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8956566", "chunk_text": "\"That's So Suite Life of Hannah Montana\"\nThat's So Suite Life of Hannah Montana \"\"That's So Suite Life of Hannah Montana\"\" is a crossover episode of the Disney Channel sitcoms \"\"That's So Raven\"\", \"\"The Suite Life of Zack & Cody\"\", and \"\"Hannah Montana\"\". In the United States, it aired on July 28, 2006 as a three-part special and served as a TV movie. The three episodes of the crossover were watched by 5.7–7.1 million viewers. Raven steps up to organize an important photo shoot showcasing Donna Cabonna's new fashion line for young men at the Tipton Hotel in Boston because Tiffany, the usual assistant, is sick with", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 46 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20964264", "chunk_text": "\"Debby Ryan\"\nguest character in \"\"Barney: Let's Go to the Firehouse\"\", she played the role of a teenager. She appeared in several commercials for iDog and various board games; she was in an iDog Dance commercial in 2008. Ryan also had a major role in the Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer feature film \"\"The Longshots\"\" as Edith. Ryan played one of the main characters, Bailey Pickett, on the Disney Channel Original Series, \"\"The Suite Life on Deck\"\", which is a sequel to the hit Disney Channel series, \"\"The Suite Life of Zack & Cody\"\". The series's pilot aired on September 26, 2008 in the United States", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 47 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18560291", "chunk_text": "\"The Suite Life of Zack & Cody (season 2)\"\nthere are also new characters introduced: Camilla & Rebecca Rosso as Jessica and Janice, Bo Crutcher as Skippy, Marianne Muellerleile as Sister Dominick, Vanessa Hudgens as Corrie, Jerry Kernion as Chef Paolo, Sammi Hanratty as Holly, Tyler Steelman as Mark, Brittany Curran as Chelsea, Kaycee Stroh as Leslie and Alexa Nikolas as Tiffany. Not returning for this season are the following characters: Estelle Harris as Muriel and Dennis Bendersky as Tapeworm. Special guest stars and notable appearances in this season include: Zac Efron as Trevor, Moises Arias as Randall, D. C. Douglas as Interviewer, Kathryn Joosten as Grandma Marilyn, Raven-Symoné", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 48 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17006377", "chunk_text": "\"The Suite Life of Zack & Cody\"\nThe Suite Life of Zack and Cody episodes. A inspired stories book set, based on the show was released in 2007. The series has spawned three video games entitled \"\"The Suite Life of Zack & Cody: Tipton Caper\"\" for the Game Boy Advance, \"\"The Suite Life of Zack & Cody: Tipton Trouble\"\", and \"\"The Suite Life of Zack & Cody: Circle of Spies\"\" for the Nintendo DS. They were developed by Artificial Mind and Movement and published by Buena Vista Games, with the exception of \"\"Circle of Spies,\"\" which was published by Disney Interactive Studios. Disney Press has released several", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 49 } ]
test_3437	where does the sun hit the us first?	n/a	[ "the summit of Cadillac Mountain" ]	[]	n/a	n/a	n/a	[]	[ { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "404949", "chunk_text": "Sunrise\nuntil astronomer Nicolaus Copernicus first formulated the heliocentric model in the 16th century. Architect Buckminster Fuller proposed the terms \"\"sunsight\"\" and \"\"sunclipse\"\" to better represent the heliocentric model, though the terms have not entered into common language. Astronomically, sunrise occurs for only an instant: the moment at which the upper limb of the Sun appears tangent to the horizon. However, the term \"\"sunrise\"\" commonly refers to periods of time both before and after this point: Sunrise actually occurs \"\"before\"\" the Sun truly reaches the horizon because Earth's atmosphere refracts the Sun's image. At the horizon, the average amount of refraction", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 0 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7116362", "chunk_text": "\"Subsolar point\"\nalso move north and south between the tropics over the course of a year, so it is spiraling like a helix. The subsolar point contacts the Tropic of Cancer on the June solstice and the Tropic of Capricorn on the December solstice. The subsolar point crosses the Equator on the March and September equinoxes. When the point passes through Hawaii, the only U.S. state in which this happens, it is known as Lahaina Noon. Subsolar point The subsolar point on a planet is the point at which its sun is perceived to be directly overhead (at the zenith); that is,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 1 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17770432", "chunk_text": "Dawn\nDawn Dawn, from an Old English verb \"\"dagian\"\": \"\"to become day\"\", is the time that marks the beginning of twilight before sunrise. It is recognized by the appearance of indirect sunlight being scattered in the atmosphere, when the centre of the Sun's disc reaches 18° below the horizon. This dawn twilight period will last until sunrise (when the Sun's upper limb breaks the horizon), as the diffused light becomes direct sunlight. Dawn begins with the first sight of lightness in the morning, and continues until the sun breaks the horizon. This morning twilight \"\"before sunrise\"\", is divided into three categories", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 2 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4130874", "chunk_text": "\"Solar eclipse of August 21, 2017\"\nvisible within a narrow corridor wide, crossing fourteen of the contiguous United States: Oregon, Idaho, Montana, Wyoming, Nebraska, Kansas, Iowa, Missouri, Illinois, Kentucky, Tennessee, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. It was first seen from land in the U.S. shortly after 10:15 a.m. PDT (17:15 UTC) at Oregon's Pacific coast, and then it progressed eastward through Salem, Oregon; Idaho Falls, Idaho; Casper, Wyoming; Lincoln, Nebraska; Kansas City, Missouri; St. Louis, Missouri; Hopkinsville, Kentucky; and Nashville, Tennessee; before reaching Columbia, South Carolina about 2:41 p.m.; and finally Charleston, South Carolina. A partial eclipse was seen for a greater time period, beginning", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 3 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14997552", "chunk_text": "\"Solar eclipse of June 24, 1778\"\nUnited States, and ended across northern Africa. This was the first total solar eclipse recorded in the United States. The track passed from Lower California to New England. According to Thomas Jefferson, the eclipse was clouded out in Virginia. General George Rogers Clark and his men observed the eclipse as they passed over the Falls of the Ohio on their way to take Kaskaskia during the Illinois Campaign, regarding it as a good omen. This solar eclipse lasted four minutes over the middle Atlantic and New England States. Solar eclipse of June 24, 1778 A total solar eclipse occurred on", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 4 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15401520", "chunk_text": "\"Midnight sun\"\ndaylight saving time. For instance, in Fairbanks, Alaska, which is south of the Arctic Circle, the sun sets at 12:47 am at the summer solstice. This is because Fairbanks is 51 minutes ahead of its idealized time zone (as most of the state is in one time zone) and Alaska observes daylight saving time. (Fairbanks is at about 147.72 degrees west, corresponding to UTC−9 hours 51 minutes, and is on UTC−9 in winter.) This means that solar culmination occurs at about 12:51 pm instead of at 12 noon. If a precise moment for the genuine \"\"midnight sun\"\" is required, the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 5 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4132662", "chunk_text": "\"Solar eclipse of August 21, 2017\"\ncrossing the United States from 1900 to 2050: Solar eclipse of August 21, 2017 The solar eclipse of August 21, 2017, dubbed \"\"The Great American Eclipse\"\" by the media, was a total solar eclipse visible within a band that spanned the entire contiguous United States, passing from the Pacific to the Atlantic coasts. As a partial solar eclipse, it was visible on land from Nunavut in northern Canada to as far south as northern South America. In northwestern Europe and Africa, it was partially visible in the late evening. In Asia, it was visible only at the eastern extremity, the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 6 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5761110", "chunk_text": "\"Solar eclipse of August 21, 2017\"\nSolar eclipse of August 21, 2017 The solar eclipse of August 21, 2017, dubbed \"\"The Great American Eclipse\"\" by the media, was a total solar eclipse visible within a band that spanned the entire contiguous United States, passing from the Pacific to the Atlantic coasts. As a partial solar eclipse, it was visible on land from Nunavut in northern Canada to as far south as northern South America. In northwestern Europe and Africa, it was partially visible in the late evening. In Asia, it was visible only at the eastern extremity, the Chukchi Peninsula. Prior to this event, no solar", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 7 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17768480", "chunk_text": "Sunset\nSunset Sunset or sundown is the daily disappearance of the Sun below the horizon due to Earth's rotation. As viewed from the Equator, the equinox Sun sets exactly due west in both spring and fall. As viewed from the middle latitudes, the local summer Sun sets to the northwest for the Northern Hemisphere, but to the southwest for the Southern Hemisphere. The time of sunset is defined in astronomy as the moment when the upper limb of the Sun disappears below the horizon. Near the horizon, atmospheric refraction causes sunlight rays to be distorted to such an extent that geometrically", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 8 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13690165", "chunk_text": "Noon\nthe Sun contacts the observer's meridian, reaching its highest position above the horizon on that day (\"\"Sun transit time\"\"). This is also the origin of the terms \"\"ante meridiem\"\" (a.m.) and \"\"post meridiem\"\" (p.m.), as noted below. The Sun is directly overhead at solar noon at the Equator on the equinoxes, at the Tropic of Cancer (latitude N) on the June solstice and at the Tropic of Capricorn ( S) on the December solstice. In the Northern Hemisphere, north of the Tropic of Cancer, the Sun is due south of the observer at solar noon; in the Southern Hemisphere, south", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 9 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8857342", "chunk_text": "\"Sun Day\"\nSun Day Sun Day (May 3, 1978) was designated by United States President Jimmy Carter, specifically devoted to advocacy for solar power, following a joint resolution by Congress, becoming It was modeled on the highly successful Earth Day of April 22, 1970. It was the idea of Denis Hayes, who also coordinated Earth Day in 1970. While President Carter flew to Denver to visit a solar power research institute, others gathered in Cadillac Mountain in Maine where the sun's ray allegedly first touch the United States (although not at the time of the year). A crowd gathered at UN Plaza", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 10 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5761111", "chunk_text": "\"Solar eclipse of August 21, 2017\"\neclipse had been visible across the entire contiguous United States since June 8, 1918; not since the February 1979 eclipse had a total eclipse been visible from anywhere in the mainland United States. The path of totality touched 14 states, and the rest of the U.S. had a partial eclipse. The area of the path of totality was about 16 percent of the area of the United States, with most of this area over the ocean, not land. The event's shadow began to cover land on the Oregon coast as a partial eclipse at 4:05 p.m. UTC (9:05 a.m. PDT),", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 11 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3522934", "chunk_text": "\"35th parallel north\"\n35th parallel north The 35th parallel north is a circle of latitude that is 35 degrees north of the Earth's equatorial plane. It crosses Africa, the Mediterranean Sea, Asia, the Pacific Ocean, North America and the Atlantic Ocean. In the United States, the parallel defines the southern border of Tennessee, and the border between North Carolina and Georgia, as well as the southernmost point of Nevada. At this northern latitude, the Sun is visible for 14 hours, 31 minutes on its summer solstice (in June) and for 9 hours, 48 minutes on its winter solstice (in December). Starting at the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 12 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6888189", "chunk_text": "Sunrise\npost-sunset colors called afterglows and pre-sunrise glows. A number of eruptions, including those of Mount Pinatubo in 1991 and Krakatoa in 1883, have produced sufficiently high stratospheric sulfuric acid clouds to yield remarkable sunset afterglows (and pre-sunrise glows) around the world. The high altitude clouds serve to reflect strongly reddened sunlight still striking the stratosphere after sunset, down to the surface. Sunrise Sunrise or sun up is the moment when the upper limb of the Sun appears on the horizon in the morning. The term can also refer to the entire process of the solar disk crossing the horizon and", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 13 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11607786", "chunk_text": "\"Climate of the United States\"\nPanhandle), southwestern peninsula and Aleutian Islands, and a polar climate in the north. The primary drivers of weather in the contiguous United States are the seasonal change in the solar angle, the migration north/south of the subtropical highs, and the seasonal change in the position of the polar jet stream. In the Northern Hemisphere summer the subtropical high pressure systems move northward and closer to the United States mainland. In the Atlantic Ocean, the Bermuda High creates a south-southwest flow of warm, humid air over the eastern, southern and central United States - resulting in warm to hot temperatures, high", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 14 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8842174", "chunk_text": "\"41st parallel north\"\n41st parallel north The 41st parallel north is a circle of latitude that is 41 degrees north of the Earth's equatorial plane. It crosses Europe, the Mediterranean Sea, Asia, the Pacific Ocean, North America, and the Atlantic Ocean. At this latitude the sun is visible for 15 hours, 8 minutes during the summer solstice and 9 hours, 13 minutes during the winter solstice. Starting at the prime meridian and heading eastwards, the parallel 41° north passes through: In the United States, the parallel defines the southernmost border of Wyoming (bordering Utah and Colorado), and part of the border between Nebraska", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 15 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17768424", "chunk_text": "Sunrise\nSunrise Sunrise or sun up is the moment when the upper limb of the Sun appears on the horizon in the morning. The term can also refer to the entire process of the solar disk crossing the horizon and its accompanying atmospheric effects. Although the Sun appears to \"\"rise\"\" from the horizon, it is actually the \"\"Earth's\"\" motion that causes the Sun to appear. The illusion of a moving Sun results from Earth observers being in a rotating reference frame; this apparent motion is so convincing that most cultures had mythologies and religions built around the geocentric model, which prevailed", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 16 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6178837", "chunk_text": "\"Sunshine duration\"\nduration values are very low. The areas with the lowest sunshine duration annually lie mostly over the polar oceans, as well as parts of northern Europe, southern Alaska, northern Russia, and areas near the Sea of Okhotsk. The cloudiest place in the United States is Cold Bay, Alaska, with an average of 304 days of heavy overcast (covering over 3/4 of the sky). In addition to these polar oceanic climates, certain low-latitude basins enclosed by mountains, like the Sichuan and Taipei Basins, can have sunshine duration as low as 1,000 hours per year, as cool air consistently sinks to form", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 17 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2952563", "chunk_text": "Sundial\nthis method does not work for other dials, such as a horizontal dial; the correction must be applied by the viewer. At its most extreme, time zones can cause official noon, including daylight savings, to occur up to three hours early (the sun is actually on the meridian at official clock time of 3 pm). This occurs in the far west of Alaska, China, and Spain. For more details and examples, see Skewing of time zones. Although the Sun appears to rotate uniformly about the Earth, in reality this motion is not perfectly uniform. This is due to the eccentricity", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 18 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19748185", "chunk_text": "Sunburn\nhemisphere, November, December and January. On a minute-by-minute basis, the amount of UV radiation is dependent on the angle of the sun. This is easily determined by the height ratio of any object to the size of its shadow. The greatest risk is at solar noon, when shadows are at their minimum and the sun's radiation passes most directly through the atmosphere. Regardless of one's latitude (assuming no other variables), equal shadow lengths mean equal amounts of UV radiation. The skin and eyes are most sensitive to damage by UV at 265–275 nm wavelength, which is in the lower UVC", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 19 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4682242", "chunk_text": "\"Ultraviolet index\"\nUV intensity around the sun's highest point in the day, called solar noon, halfway between sunrise and sunset. This typically occurs between 11:30 and 12:30, or between 12:30 and 13:30 in areas where daylight saving time is being observed. Predictions are made by a computer model that accounts for the effects of sun elevation and distance, stratospheric ozone, cloud conditions, air pollutants, surface albedo, and ground altitude, all of which influence the amount of UV radiation at the surface. The calculations are weighted in favor of the UV wavelengths to which human skin is most sensitive, according to the CIE-standard", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 20 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11218100", "chunk_text": "\"51st parallel north\"\nwas met with strong objections by the United States and Great Britain. Subsequent negotiations resulted in a clear and permanent boundary for Russian America, the southward terminus of which was established at 54°40′ north. 51st parallel north The 51st parallel north is a circle of latitude that is 51 degrees north of the Earth's equatorial plane. It crosses Europe, Asia, the Pacific Ocean, North America, and the Atlantic Ocean. At this latitude the sun is visible for 16 hours, 33 minutes during the summer solstice and 7 hours, 55 minutes during the winter solstice. Capital cities between the 51st and", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 21 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5445737", "chunk_text": "\"50th parallel north\"\n50th parallel north The 50th parallel north is a circle of latitude that is 50 degrees north of the Earth's equatorial plane. It crosses Europe, Asia, the Pacific Ocean, North America, and the Atlantic Ocean. At this latitude the sun is visible for 16 hours, 22 minutes during the summer solstice and 8 hours, 4 minutes during the winter solstice. The maximum altitude of the sun on the summer solstice is 63.5 degrees and on the winter solstice it is 16.5 degrees. At this latitude, the average sea surface temperature between 1982 and 2011 was about 8.5°C (47.3°F). Starting at", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 22 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19748184", "chunk_text": "Sunburn\nthe risk of sunburn increases with proximity to the tropic latitudes, located between 23.5° north and south latitude. All else being equal (e.g., cloud cover, ozone layer, terrain, etc.), over the course of a full year, each location within the tropic or polar regions receives approximately the same amount of UV radiation. In the temperate zones between 23.5° and 66.5°, UV radiation varies substantially by latitude and season. The higher the latitude, the lower the intensity of the UV rays. Intensity in the northern hemisphere is greatest during the months of May, June and July — and in the southern", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 23 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "584917", "chunk_text": "\"37th parallel north\"\n37th parallel north The 37th parallel north is a circle of latitude that is 37 degrees north of the Earth's equatorial plane. It crosses Europe, the Mediterranean Sea, Africa, Asia, the Pacific Ocean, North America, and the Atlantic Ocean. At this latitude the sun is visible for 14 hours, 42 minutes during the summer solstice and 9 hours, 37 minutes during the winter solstice. This is roughly the northern limit of the visibility of Canopus, the second-brightest star of the night sky. Starting at the Prime Meridian and heading eastwards, the parallel 37° north passes through: In the United States,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 24 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5761112", "chunk_text": "\"Solar eclipse of August 21, 2017\"\nwith the total eclipse beginning there at 5:16 p.m. UTC (10:16 a.m. PDT); the total eclipse's land coverage ended along the South Carolina coast at about 6:44 p.m. UTC (2:44 p.m. EDT). Visibility as a partial eclipse in Honolulu, Hawaii began with sunrise at 4:20 p.m. UTC (6:20 a.m. HST) and ended by 5:25 p.m. UTC (7:25 a.m. HST). This total solar eclipse marked the first such event in the smartphone and social media era in America. Information, personal communication, and photography were widely available as never before, capturing popular attention and enhancing the social experience. Marriage proposals took place", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 25 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13806837", "chunk_text": "\"Lahaina Noon\"\nLahaina Noon Lāhainā Noon is a tropical solar phenomenon when the Sun culminates at the zenith at solar noon, passing directly overhead (above the subsolar point). The term \"\"Lāhainā Noon\"\" was coined by the Bishop Museum in Hawaii and is only used locally. The subsolar point travels through the tropics. Hawaii is the only US state in the tropics and thus the only one to experience Lāhainā Noon. The rest of the states recognize the summer solstice as the event when the sun's rays are closest to directly overhead. Hawaii and other locations between the Tropic of Cancer and Tropic", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 26 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1859513", "chunk_text": "Sun\nthe surface (closer to ) in clear conditions when the Sun is near the zenith. Sunlight at the top of Earth's atmosphere is composed (by total energy) of about 50% infrared light, 40% visible light, and 10% ultraviolet light. The atmosphere in particular filters out over 70% of solar ultraviolet, especially at the shorter wavelengths. Solar ultraviolet radiation ionizes Earth's dayside upper atmosphere, creating the electrically conducting ionosphere. The Sun's color is white, with a CIE color-space index near (0.3, 0.3), when viewed from space or when the Sun is high in the sky. When measuring all the photons emitted,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 27 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12753808", "chunk_text": "Sunlight\nSunlight Sunlight is a portion of the electromagnetic radiation given off by the Sun, in particular infrared, visible, and ultraviolet light. On Earth, sunlight is filtered through Earth's atmosphere, and is obvious as daylight when the Sun is above the horizon. When the direct solar radiation is not blocked by clouds, it is experienced as sunshine, a combination of bright light and radiant heat. When it is blocked by clouds or reflects off other objects, it is experienced as diffused light. The World Meteorological Organization uses the term \"\"sunshine duration\"\" to mean the cumulative time during which an area receives", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 28 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14894517", "chunk_text": "\"Solar eclipse of August 7, 1869\"\nCanada, and the northeastern United States. A partial eclipse occurred across all of North America. In 1869, astronomer and explorer George Davidson made a scientific trip to the Chilkat Valley of Alaska. He told the Chilkat Indians that he was especially anxious to observe a total eclipse of the sun that was predicted to occur the following day, August 7. This prediction was considered to have saved Davidson's expedition from an attack. A photographic expedition was organized by Philadelphia's Henry Morton under the authority of John Huntington Crane Coffin, U.S.N., Superintendent of the American Ephemeris and Nautical Almanac. The expedition", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 29 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5493133", "chunk_text": "\"Our Mr. Sun\"\nmany times the size of the earth. Often matter appears from nowhere to flow down into a sunspot which is sometimes referred to as Coronal Rain. The largest recorded prominence was captured at the High Altitude Observatory in Colorado on June 4, 1946 as it left the Sun at 400,000 miles per hour. The Sun is also studied in radio frequencies using radio astronomy. Dr. E. G. Bowen helped pioneer radio astronomy which showed that many places in outer space emit radio waves. When solar flares erupt from sunspots they emit ultraviolet radiation, which reach the earth in 8 minutes,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 30 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6469890", "chunk_text": "\"Mount Katahdin\"\nthought that Katahdin is the first place in the United States mainland to receive sunlight in the morning, but this is incorrect. Other mountains, lower in elevation but farther to the east or southeast, depending on the season, see the first sunrise of the day. Katahdin is part of a laccolith that formed in the Acadian orogeny, when an island arc collided with eastern North America approximately 400 million years ago. On the sides of Katahdin are four glacial cirques carved into the granite by alpine glaciers and in these cirques behind moraines and eskers are several ponds. In Baxter", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 31 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "529999", "chunk_text": "Noon\nNoon Noon (also midday or noon time) is 12 o'clock in the daytime, as opposed to midnight. The term 12 p.m. (for post meridiem, and also written as 12 pm or similar variations thereof) is sometimes used for noon. Solar noon is the time when the Sun appears to contact the local celestial meridian. This is when the Sun apparently reaches its highest point in the sky, at 12 noon apparent solar time. The local or clock time of solar noon depends on the longitude and date. In many cultures in the Northern Hemisphere, \"\"noon\"\" had ancient geographic associations with", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 32 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13075072", "chunk_text": "Sunrise\nis 34 arcminutes, though this amount varies based on atmospheric conditions. Also, unlike most other solar measurements, sunrise occurs when the Sun's \"\"upper limb\"\", rather than its center, appears to cross the horizon. The apparent radius of the Sun at the horizon is 16 arcminutes. These two angles combine to define sunrise to occur when the Sun's center is 50 arcminutes below the horizon, or 90.83° from the zenith. The timing of sunrise varies throughout the year and is also affected by the viewer's longitude and latitude, altitude, and time zone. These changes are driven by the axial tilt of", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 33 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17543935", "chunk_text": "\"Solar phenomena\"\n1800s, from which properties of the solar atmosphere could be determined, while the creation of daguerreotypy led to the first solar photographs on 2 April 1845. Photography assisted in the study of solar prominences, granulation and spectroscopy. Early in the 20th century, interest in astrophysics surged in America. A number of new observatories were built with solar telescopes around the world. The 1931 invention of the coronagraph allowed the corona to be studied in full daylight. The Sun is a star located at the center of the Solar System. It is almost perfectly spherical and consists of hot plasma and", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 34 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11607784", "chunk_text": "\"Climate of the United States\"\nClimate of the United States The climate of the United States varies due to differences in latitude, and a range of geographic features, including mountains and deserts. Generally, the climate of the U.S. becomes warmer the further south one travels, and drier the further west, until one reaches the West Coast. West of the 100th meridian, much of the US has a cold semi-arid climate in the interior upper western states to warm to hot desert climates in the far southwestern US, while a Mediterranean climate prevails along the California coast. East of the 100th meridian, the climate is humid", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 35 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17452543", "chunk_text": "Apsis\n23.4 degrees away from perpendicular to the plane of Earth's orbit around the sun. Winter falls on the hemisphere where sunlight strikes least directly, and summer falls where sunlight strikes most directly, regardless of the Earth's distance from the Sun. In the northern hemisphere, summer occurs at the same time as aphelion. Despite this, there are larger land masses in the northern hemisphere, which are easier to heat than the seas. Consequently, summers are warmer in the northern hemisphere than in the southern hemisphere under similar conditions. Astronomers commonly express the timing of perihelion relative to the vernal equinox not", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 36 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "170941", "chunk_text": "Sun\nstill glow and give off heat from its previous fusion. The enormous effect of the Sun on Earth has been recognized since prehistoric times, and the Sun has been regarded by some cultures as a deity. The synodic rotation of Earth and its orbit around the Sun are the basis of solar calendars, one of which is the predominant calendar in use today. The English proper name \"\"Sun\"\" developed from Old English \"\"sunne\"\" and may be related to \"\"south\"\". Cognates to English \"\"sun\"\" appear in other Germanic languages, including Old Frisian \"\"sunne\"\", \"\"sonne\"\", Old Saxon \"\"sunna\"\", Middle Dutch \"\"sonne\"\", modern", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 37 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5761117", "chunk_text": "\"Solar eclipse of August 21, 2017\"\nWashington. (See Gallery - partial eclipse section). During the eclipse for a long span of its path of totality, several bright stars and four planets were visible. The star-system Regulus was visible slightly to the west of the Sun. Mars was 8 degrees to the right, and Venus 34 degrees right. Mercury was 10 degrees left, and Jupiter 51 degrees left. This was the first total solar eclipse visible from the United States since that of July 11, 1991—which was seen only from part of Hawaii—and the first visible from the contiguous United States since 1979. An eclipse of comparable", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 38 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3471128", "chunk_text": "\"Sunshine duration\"\ncloud cover. Desert regions, with nearly constant high pressure aloft and rare condensation—like North Africa, the Southwestern United States, Western Australia, and the Middle East—are examples of hot, sunny, dry climates where sunshine duration values are very high. The two major areas with the highest sunshine duration, measured as annual average, are the central and the eastern Sahara Desert—covering vast, mainly desert countries such as Egypt, Sudan, Libya, Chad, and Niger—and the Southwestern United States (Arizona, California, Nevada). The city claiming the official title of the sunniest in the world is Yuma, Arizona, with over 4,000 hours (about 91% of", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 39 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1859514", "chunk_text": "Sun\nthe Sun is actually emitting more photons in the green portion of the spectrum than any other. When the Sun is low in the sky, atmospheric scattering renders the Sun yellow, red, orange, or magenta. Despite its typical whiteness, most people mentally picture the Sun as yellow; the reasons for this are the subject of debate. The Sun is a G2V star, with \"\"G2\"\" indicating its surface temperature of approximately 5,778 K (5,505 °C, 9,941 °F), and \"\"V\"\" that it, like most stars, is a main-sequence star. The average luminance of the Sun is about 1.88 giga candela per square", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 40 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1118807", "chunk_text": "\"41st parallel north\"\nthe Northwest Ordinance (see the Toledo Strip). The later survey used the boundary with Indiana as the meridian. 41st parallel north The 41st parallel north is a circle of latitude that is 41 degrees north of the Earth's equatorial plane. It crosses Europe, the Mediterranean Sea, Asia, the Pacific Ocean, North America, and the Atlantic Ocean. At this latitude the sun is visible for 15 hours, 8 minutes during the summer solstice and 9 hours, 13 minutes during the winter solstice. Starting at the prime meridian and heading eastwards, the parallel 41° north passes through: In the United States, the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 41 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15562025", "chunk_text": "\"50th parallel south\"\n50th parallel south The 50th parallel south is a circle of latitude that is 50 degrees south of the Earth's equatorial plane. It crosses the Atlantic Ocean, the Indian Ocean, the Pacific Ocean and South America. At this latitude the sun is visible for 16 hours, 22 minutes during the December solstice and 8 hours, 4 minutes during the June solstice. On December 21, the sun is at 63.83 degrees in the sky and on June 21, the sun is at 16.17 degrees in the sky. Starting at the Prime Meridian and heading eastwards, the parallel 50° south passes through:", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 42 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15562026", "chunk_text": "\"50th parallel south\"\n50th parallel south The 50th parallel south is a circle of latitude that is 50 degrees south of the Earth's equatorial plane. It crosses the Atlantic Ocean, the Indian Ocean, the Pacific Ocean and South America. At this latitude the sun is visible for 16 hours, 22 minutes during the December solstice and 8 hours, 4 minutes during the June solstice. On December 21, the sun is at 63.83 degrees in the sky and on June 21, the sun is at 16.17 degrees in the sky. Starting at the Prime Meridian and heading eastwards, the parallel 50° south passes through:", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 43 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3522935", "chunk_text": "\"35th parallel north\"\nPrime Meridian and heading eastwards, the parallel 35° north passes through: 35th parallel north The 35th parallel north is a circle of latitude that is 35 degrees north of the Earth's equatorial plane. It crosses Africa, the Mediterranean Sea, Asia, the Pacific Ocean, North America and the Atlantic Ocean. In the United States, the parallel defines the southern border of Tennessee, and the border between North Carolina and Georgia, as well as the southernmost point of Nevada. At this northern latitude, the Sun is visible for 14 hours, 31 minutes on its summer solstice (in June) and for 9 hours,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 44 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18561969", "chunk_text": "\"1972 Great Daylight Fireball\"\nin which it is described as a 500-metre asteroid narrowly missing the Earth by just thousands of feet. 1972 Great Daylight Fireball The Great Daylight Fireball (or US19720810) was an Earth-grazing fireball that passed within of Earth's surface at 20:29 UTC on August 10, 1972. It entered Earth's atmosphere at a speed of in daylight over Utah, United States (14:30 local time) and passed northwards leaving the atmosphere over Alberta, Canada. It was seen by many people and recorded on film and by space-borne sensors. An eyewitness to the event, located in Missoula, Montana, saw the object pass directly overhead", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 45 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11727553", "chunk_text": "\"The Sun in a Net\"\nand \"\"Golden Gate\"\" (\"\"Zlatá brána\"\"). A highly likely source of the central theme was the 95% solar eclipse that occurred in Central Europe on Feb. 15, 1961. Additional inspiration for the symbolic construction of the storyline may have come from ancient solar myths that have been available in Europe in increasingly numerous publications since at least 1865. A specific myth of the Sun in a net was brought from Polynesia, more general myths of catching the Sun have been attributed to the pre-Columbian Americas, some of the published solar myths may date back to Indo-European prehistory. Associations with Sol Invictus", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 46 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9478021", "chunk_text": "North\n(\"\"night\"\"), since above the Tropic of Cancer, the Sun never shines from the north, except inside the Arctic Circle during the summer midnight sun. The direction north is often associated with colder climates because most of the world's land at high latitudes is located in the Northern Hemisphere. The Arctic Circle passes through the Arctic Ocean, Norway, Sweden, Finland, Russia, the United States (Alaska), Canada (Yukon, Northwest Territories and Nunavut), Denmark (Greenland) and Iceland (where it passes through the small offshore island of Grímsey). By convention, the top side of a map is often north. To go north using a", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 47 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17703847", "chunk_text": "Season\nfar to the west (America) whose clocks run behind UTC may experience an equinox as early as March 19. Over thousands of years, the Earth's axial tilt and orbital eccentricity vary (see Milankovitch cycles). The equinoxes and solstices move westward relative to the stars while the perihelion and aphelion move eastward. Thus, ten thousand years from now Earth's northern winter will occur at aphelion and northern summer at perihelion. The severity of seasonal change — the average temperature difference between summer and winter in location — will also change over time because the Earth's axial tilt fluctuates between 22.1 and", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 48 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4167190", "chunk_text": "Sunset\nthe Northern Hemisphere, the latest sunset occurs late in June or in early July, but not on the summer solstice of June 21. This date depends on the viewer's latitude (connected with the Earth's slower movement around the aphelion around July 4). Likewise, the earliest sunset does not occur on the winter solstice, but rather about two weeks earlier, again depending on the viewer's latitude. In the Northern Hemisphere, it occurs in early December or late November (influenced by the Earth's faster movement near its perihelion, which occurs around January 3). Likewise, the same phenomenon exists in the Southern Hemisphere,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 49 } ]
test_3438	who's flag is red white and green?	n/a	[ "Hungary" ]	[]	n/a	n/a	n/a	[]	[ { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14327716", "chunk_text": "\"Flag of Mexico\"\nFlag of Mexico The flag of Mexico () is a vertical tricolor of green, white, and red with the national coat of arms charged in the center of the white stripe. While the meaning of the colors has changed over time, these three colors were adopted by Mexico following independence from Spain during the country's War of Independence, and subsequent First Mexican Empire. The form of the coat of arms was most recently revised in 1968, but the overall design has been used since 1821, when the First National Flag was created. Red, white, and green are the colors of", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 0 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6828179", "chunk_text": "\"Flag of Iran\"\nFlag of Iran The flag of Iran () is a tricolour comprising equal horizontal bands of green, white and red with the national emblem (\"\"Allah\"\") in red centred on the white band and the takbir written 11 times in the Kufic script in white, at the bottom of the green and the top of the red band. This flag was adopted on 29 July 1980, as a reflection of the changes brought about by the Iranian Revolution of 1979, which resulted in the replacement of 2,500 years of continuous Persian monarchy with an Islamic Republic under the Grand Ayatollah Ruhollah", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 1 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11412126", "chunk_text": "\"National flag\"\nZealand, the United Kingdom, the Netherlands and the United States of America. Many African nations use the Pan-African colours of red, yellow, and green, including Ghana, Cameroon, Mali and Senegal. Flags containing red, white, and black (a subset of the Pan-Arab colours) can be found particularly among the Arab nations such as Egypt, Iraq, Syria and Yemen. While some similarities are coincidental, others are rooted in shared histories. For example, the flags of Colombia, of Ecuador, and of Venezuela all use variants of the flag of Gran Colombia, the country they composed upon their independence from Spain, created by the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 2 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6828161", "chunk_text": "\"Flag of Turkey\"\nFlag of Turkey The flag of the Republic of Turkey, often referred to as the Turkish flag () is a red flag featuring a white star and crescent. The flag is often called ' (the red flag), and is referred to as ' (the red banner) in the Turkish national anthem. The current design of the Turkish flag is directly derived from the late Ottoman flag, which had been adopted in the late 18th century and acquired its final form in 1844. The measures, geometric proportions, and exact tone of red of the flag of Turkey were legally standardised with", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 3 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12089565", "chunk_text": "\"Flag of Hungary\"\nFlag of Hungary The flag of Hungary (, more commonly ) is a horizontal tricolour of red, white and green. In this exact form, it has been the official flag of Hungary since May 23, 1957. The flag's form originates from national republican movements of the 18th and 19th centuries, while its colours are from the Middle Ages. The current Hungarian tricolour flag is the same as the republican movement flag of the United Kingdom (used since 1816) and the colours in that form were already used at least since the coronation of Leopold II in 1790, predating the first", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 4 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9364148", "chunk_text": "Red\nformer colonies of Spain, such as Mexico, Colombia, Costa Rica, Cuba, Ecuador, Panama, Peru, Puerto Rico and Venezuela, also feature red-one of the colors of the Spanish flag-on their own banners. Red flags are also used to symbolize storms, bad water conditions, and many other dangers. Navy flags are often red and yellow. Red is prominently featured in the flag of the United States Marine Corps. The red on the flag of Nepal represents the floral emblem of the country, the rhododendron. Red, blue, and white are also the Pan-Slavic colors adopted by the Slavic solidarity movement of the late", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 5 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4601949", "chunk_text": "White\nmovements denouncing violence against women and the White Rose was a non-violent resistance group in Nazi Germany. White is a common color in national flags, though its symbolism varies widely. The white in the flag of the United States and flag of the United Kingdom comes from traditional red St George's Cross on a white background of the historic flag of England. The white in the flag of France represents either the monarchy or \"\"white, the ancient French color\"\" according to the Marquis de Lafayette. Many flags in the Arab world use the colors of the flag of the Arab", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 6 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12405677", "chunk_text": "\"Flag of Lithuania\"\nFlag of Lithuania The flag of Lithuania () consists of a horizontal tricolor of yellow, green, and red. It was adopted on 25 April 1918 during Lithuania's first period of independence (in the 20th century) from 1918 to 1940, which ceased with the occupation first by Soviet Russia and Lithuania's annexation into the Soviet Union, and then by Nazi Germany (1941–1944). During the post-World War II Soviet occupation, from 1945 until 1989, the Soviet Lithuanian flag consisted first of a generic red Soviet flag with the name of the republic, then changed to the red flag with white and green", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 7 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15478061", "chunk_text": "\"National colours of Canada\"\nNational colours of Canada The national colours of Canada () were declared by King George V in 1921 to be red and white and are most prominently evident on the country's national flag. Red is symbolic of England and white of France, the colours having been used representatively by those countries in the past. The maple is one of the national symbols and red is the first leaf colour after spring budding & also the autumn colour of maple leaves. Canada's national colours can trace their history to the First Crusade of the 11th century, during which Norman nobleman Bohemond", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 8 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7422565", "chunk_text": "\"Flag of Italy\"\nFlag of Italy The flag of Italy (), often referred to in Italian as il Tricolore (); is a tricolour featuring three equally-sized vertical pales of green, white and red, with the green at the hoist side. Its current form has been in use since 18 June 1946 and was formally adopted on 1 January 1948. The first entity to use the Italian tricolour was the Cisalpine Republic in 1797, which supplanted Milan after Napoleon's victorious army crossed Italy in 1796. The colours chosen by the Cispadane Republic were red and white, which were the colours of the recently conquered", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 9 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9826309", "chunk_text": "\"Red star\"\nmost well-known include the current state flag of California (echoing the Californian red star flag of 1836) and the flag of New Zealand (designed in 1869, officially adopted in 1902). The flag of the District of Columbia (designed in 1921, adopted in 1938) recalls George Washington's coat of arms. The crescent moon and star was a symbol used by the Ottoman Empire. Various states with Ottoman history have thus adopted this symbol into their present-day flags. The red star was adopted as the symbol of the International Red Star Alliance, a Geneva international treaty signed in 1914 with the purpose", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 10 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7522831", "chunk_text": "Flag\nwhite, green, and red are first known from the flag of the Arab Revolt in 1916. The colours were intended to represent certain Arab dynasties. Countries currently using flags with all four Pan-Arab colours include Jordan, Kuwait, Palestine and Sudan; several other Arab states use a subset. The tricolour flag of Russia, inspired by the flag of the Netherlands, was introduced in the late 17th century. Based on this flag, the first Pan-Slav congress defined the Pan-Slavic colours red, blue and white. Among former and current countries beside Russia using flags with these colours, are Yugoslavia and the successor states", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 11 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16734308", "chunk_text": "\"Flag of Nepal\"\nFlag of Nepal The national flag of Nepal () is the world's only non-quadrilateral national flag. The flag is a simplified combination of two single pennons (the vexillological word for pennants), known as a double pennon. Its crimson red is the colour of the rhododendron, Nepal's national flower, while the blue border is the colour of peace. Until 1962, the flag's emblems, the sun and the crescent moon, had human faces, but were removed to modernize the flag. The current flag was adopted on 16 December 1962, along with the formation of a new constitutional government. It borrows from the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 12 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6882905", "chunk_text": "\"Flag of Belarus\"\nFlag of Belarus The national flag of Belarus (, \"\"Sciah Biełarusi\"\"; , \"\"Flag Belarusi\"\") is a red and green flag with a white and red ornament pattern placed at the staff (hoist) end. The current design was introduced in 2012 by the State Committee for Standardization of the Republic of Belarus, and is adapted from a design approved in a referendum in May 1995. It is a modification of the 1951 flag used while the country was a republic of the Soviet Union. Changes made to the Soviet-era flag were the removal of symbols of communism (the hammer and sickle", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 13 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3492985", "chunk_text": "Red\nafter the Rwandan Genocide because of red's association with blood. The flags of Japan and Bangladesh both have a red circle in the middle of different colored backgrounds. The flag of the Philippines has a red trapezoid on the bottom signifying blood, courage, and valor (also, if the flag is inverted so that the red trapezoid is on top and the blue at the bottom, it indicates a state of war). The flag of Singapore has a red rectangle on the top. The field of the flag of Portugal is green and red. The Ottoman Empire adopted several different red", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 14 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14986714", "chunk_text": "\"Flag of Azerbaijan\"\nFlag of Azerbaijan The flag of Azerbaijan () is a horizontal tricolour featuring three equally sized fesses of blue, red, and green, with a white crescent and an eight-pointed star in the center. The tricolour replaced an earlier design used by the Azerbaijan SSR. The blue symbolizes Azerbaijan's Turkic heritage, the red stands for progress, and the green represents Islam. The official colors and size were adopted on 5 February 1991. This flag was used from 9 November 1918 to 1920, when Azerbaijan was independent, and it was revived with slight variations on 5 February 1991. The nickname for the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 15 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6645064", "chunk_text": "\"National colours of Italy\"\nNational colours of Italy The national colours of Italy are green, white, and red, collectively known in Italian as \"\"il tricolore\"\" (the tricolour). In sport in Italy, azure has been used or adopted as the colour for many national teams, the first being the men's football team in 1910. The \"\"tricolore\"\" was symbolically important preceding and throughout the \"\"Risorgimento\"\" leading to Italian unification. In September 1794, Luigi Zamboni and Giambattista de Rolandis created a flag by uniting the white and red of the flag of Bologna with green, a symbol of liberty and hope that the populace of Italy join", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 16 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7522835", "chunk_text": "Flag\nBisexual pride and Transgender pride flags. Some of these political flags have become national flags, such as the red flag of the Soviet Union and national socialist banners for Nazi Germany. The present Flag of Portugal is based on what had been the political flag of the Portuguese Republican Party previous to the 5 October 1910 revolution which brought this party to power. Some disability advocacy groups have adopted flags to raise awareness of their causes. The Epilepsy Awareness Flag includes a prominent lowercase letter 'e' on a white background. When the World Federation of the Deaf adopted its own", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 17 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19704161", "chunk_text": "\"Flag of Alsace\"\nFlag of Alsace The flag of Alsace (Alsatian: or , \"\"red and white\"\") is the original red and white flag of the region, and can be traced to the red and white banner of Gerard, Duke of Lorraine in the 11th century. Particularly since the introduction of new French region Grand Est, the traditional \"\" flag of Alsace has been widely promoted by the advocates of the Alsace autonomous movement. The original flag of Alsace, the \"\", dates back to the red and white banner of Gerard, Duke of Lorraine in the 11th century. Red and white colours are commonly", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 18 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10804404", "chunk_text": "\"Flag of Syria\"\nFlag of Syria As a result of the ongoing Syrian civil war, there are currently two governments claiming to be the \"\"de jure\"\" government of Syria, using different flags to represent the state. The incumbent government, led by Bashar al-Assad and the Ba'ath Party, is using the red-white-black \"\"United Arab Republic flag\"\" in use since 1980; while the Syrian Interim Government, led by the Syrian National Coalition – seeking to overthrow the Assad government – readopted the green-white-black \"\"Independence flag\"\" in 2012. The current flag was first adopted in 1958 to represent Syria as part of the United Arab Republic,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 19 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12655631", "chunk_text": "\"National flag\"\nUnited States flag with the red and white stripes are noted as well such as the flag of Malaysia and the flag of Liberia, the latter of which was an American resettlement colony. Many other similarities may be found among current national flags, particularly if inversions of colour schemes are considered, e.g., compare the flag of Senegal to that of Cameroon and Indonesia to Poland. Also the Flag of Italy and the Flag of Hungary uses the same colours, in the same order, only the direction differs (the Italian flag is vertical and the Hungarian flag is horizontal) National flag", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 20 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6828203", "chunk_text": "\"Flag of Iran\"\ncontinue to use it as well. In Los Angeles, California and other cities with large Iranian expatriate communities, the Lion and Sun, as a distinguishing marker, appears on Iranian flags and souvenirs to an extent that far surpasses its display during the years of monarchy in its homeland, where the plain tricolour was usually used. Flag of Iran The flag of Iran () is a tricolour comprising equal horizontal bands of green, white and red with the national emblem (\"\"Allah\"\") in red centred on the white band and the takbir written 11 times in the Kufic script in white, at", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 21 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13044076", "chunk_text": "\"Flag of Belarus\"\n19 September 1991 and 5 June 1995 had originally been devised by the Belarusian People's Republic (March to December 1918). The original person behind the design of the flag is believed to have been Klaudzi Duzh-Dusheuski before 1917 and this design is known in Belarusian as the \"\"\"\" (; literally \"\"white-red-white flag\"\"). Red and white have traditionally been used in state heraldry of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania and the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth. The colors are also based on those of the coat of arms Pahonia that was a traditional coat of arms of Belarusian lands and had a white horseman", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 22 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9364147", "chunk_text": "Red\nto the British Empire. The British flag bears the colors red, white and blue; it includes the cross of Saint George, patron saint of England, and the saltire of Saint Patrick, patron saint of Ireland, both of which are red on white. The flag of the United States bears the colors of Britain, the colors of the French tricolore include red as part of the old Paris coat of arms, and other countries' flags, such as those of Australia, New Zealand, and Fiji, carry a small inset of the British flag in memory of their ties to that country. Many", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 23 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18099949", "chunk_text": "\"Flag of Suriname\"\nFlag of Suriname The flag of Suriname is formed by five horizontal bands of green (top, double width), white, red (quadruple width), white, and green (double width). There is a large, yellow, five-pointed star centered in the red band. The flag was adopted on November 25, 1975, upon the independence of Suriname. The star represents the unity of all ethnic groups, the red stripe stands for progress and love, the green for hope and fertility, and the white bands for peace and justice. The pre-independence flag adopted in 1959 consisted of five colored stars connected by an ellipse. The colored", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 24 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2088792", "chunk_text": "\"Federalist flag\"\nFederalist flag The federalist flag, also known as the Flag of the European Movement, is a flag commonly used by groups or individuals promoting European federalism, consisting of a large green \"\"E\"\" upon a white field. It was designed as the flag of the European Movement, but is no longer used by it. The flag first appeared at the Congress of Europe in 1948, which was organised by the International Committee of the Movements for European Unity; however, the colour of the E was red. The congress demonstrated the first divisions between unionists and federalists (those wanting a loose union", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 25 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10804431", "chunk_text": "\"Flag of Tajikistan\"\nFlag of Tajikistan The national flag of Tajikistan (, ) was adopted in November 1992, replacing the flag of the Tajik Soviet Socialist Republic of 1953. The flag of Tajikistan is a horizontal tricolor of red, white and green with a width ratio of 2:3:2, charged with a crown surmounted by an arc of seven stars at the centre. Tajikistan's flag uses a similar color scheme to the flag of Iran as the Tajik people are ethno-linguistically Iranian. These colors have been officially used to represent Iranian peoples since the 19th century. The tricolor preserves the choice of colors in", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 26 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11076796", "chunk_text": "\"Flag of the United States\"\nFlag of the United States The flag of the United States of America, often referred to as the American flag, is the national flag of the United States. It consists of thirteen equal horizontal stripes of red (top and bottom) alternating with white, with a blue rectangle in the canton (referred to specifically as the \"\"union\"\") bearing fifty small, white, five-pointed stars arranged in nine offset horizontal rows, where rows of six stars (top and bottom) alternate with rows of five stars. The 50 stars on the flag represent the 50 states of the United States of America, and the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 27 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13712596", "chunk_text": "\"Flag of the United Arab Emirates\"\nFlag of the United Arab Emirates The flag of the United Arab Emirates () contains the Pan-Arab colors red, green, white, and black. It was adopted on December 2, 1971. Merchant ships may fly the alternative civil ensign, a red flag with the national flag in the canton. All Emirates use the federal flag interchangeably as the flag of the emirate. Each of the seven emirates within the United Arab Emirates originally had a common red plain flag as each emirate's banner, the red banner represents the descension and allegiance to the prophet Muhammad. In 1820, six out of the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 28 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11412128", "chunk_text": "\"National flag\"\nall use the Nordic Cross design (Iceland, Denmark, Norway, Sweden, Finland, in addition to the autonomous regions of the Faroe Islands and Åland), a horizontal cross shifted to the left on a single-coloured background. The United States and United Kingdom both have red, white, and blue. This similarity is due to the fact that the first 13 states of the U.S. were former colonies of the United Kingdom. Also, Australia and New Zealand have very similar flags, which stems from their joint British heritage. Both of these flags feature the Union Jack in one corner, both have royal blue background,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 29 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1747048", "chunk_text": "\"Republic of Ireland\"\nwhen it became customary to wear it as a symbol on St. Patrick's Day. These symbols are used by state institutions as well as private bodies in the Republic of Ireland. The flag of Ireland is a tricolour of green, white and orange. The flag originates with the Young Ireland movement of the mid-19th century but was not popularised until its use during the Easter Rising of 1916. The colours represent the Gaelic tradition (green) and the followers of William of Orange in Ireland (orange), with white representing the aspiration for peace between them. It was adopted as the flag", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 30 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13725202", "chunk_text": "\"Flag of Ireland\"\nFlag of Ireland The national flag of Ireland () – frequently referred to as the Irish tricolour (\"\"trídhathach na hÉireann\"\") – is the national flag and ensign of the Republic of Ireland. The flag itself is a vertical tricolour of green (at the hoist), white and orange. The proportions of the flag are 1:2 (that is to say, flown horizontally, the flag is half as high as it is wide). Presented as a gift in 1848 to Thomas Francis Meagher from a small group of French women sympathetic to the Irish cause, it was intended to symbolise the inclusion and", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 31 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16348493", "chunk_text": "\"Flag of Spain\"\nFlag of Spain The flag of Spain (), as it is defined in the Spanish Constitution of 1978, consists of three horizontal stripes: red, yellow and red, the yellow stripe being twice the size of each red stripe. Traditionally, the middle stripe was defined by the more archaic term of \"\"gualda\"\", and hence the popular name \"\"rojigualda\"\" (red-weld). The origin of the current flag of Spain is the naval ensign of 1785, \"\"Pabellón de la Marina de Guerra\"\" under Charles III of Spain. It was chosen by Charles III himself among 12 different flags designed by Antonio Valdés y Bazán", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 32 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9364146", "chunk_text": "Red\nMichael Moorer 20 years later to regain the title he lost. Boxers named or nicknamed \"\"red\"\" include Red Burman, Ernie \"\"Red\"\" Lopez, and his brother Danny \"\"Little Red\"\" Lopez. Red is one of the most common colors used on national flags. The use of red has similar connotations from country to country: the blood, sacrifice, and courage of those who defended their country; the sun and the hope and warmth it brings; and the sacrifice of Christ's blood (in some historically Christian nations) are a few examples. Red is the color of the flags of several countries that once belonged", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 33 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6587369", "chunk_text": "\"Flag of Malta\"\nFlag of Malta The flag of Malta () is a basic bi-colour, with white in the hoist and red in the fly. A representation of the George Cross, awarded to Malta by George VI of the United Kingdom in 1942, is carried, edged with red, in the canton of the white stripe. The red hue in the Maltese flag is officially documented as Pantone©186c, R207 G20 B43 (# CF142B) or Spot Colour - 50% rubine red • 50% warm red. Tradition states that the colours of the flag were given to Malta by Roger I of Sicily in 1090. Roger's", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 34 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10801942", "chunk_text": "\"Flag of Vietnam\"\nFlag of Vietnam The flag of Vietnam, or \"\"red flag with a gold star\"\" (), was designed in 1940 and used during an uprising against French rule in southern Vietnam that year . Red symbolizes the goals of social revolution behind the Vietnamese, national uprising. The star represents the five main classes in Vietnamese society—intellectuals, farmers, workers, businesspeople and military personnel. The flag was used by the Viet Minh, a communist-led organization created in 1941 to oppose Japanese occupation. At the end of World War II, Viet Minh leader Ho Chi Minh proclaimed Vietnam independent and signed a decree on", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 35 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1543536", "chunk_text": "\"Flag of Canada\"\nFlag of Canada The flag of Canada or in French Le drapeau du Canada, often referred to as the Canadian flag, or unofficially as the Maple Leaf and (French for \"\"the one-leafed\"\"), is a national flag consisting of a red field with a white square at its centre in the ratio of 1:2:1, in the middle of which is featured a stylized, red, 11-pointed maple leaf charged in the centre. It is the first specified by law for use as the country's national flag. In 1964, Prime Minister Lester B. Pearson formed a committee to resolve the ongoing issue of", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 36 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14998557", "chunk_text": "\"Red flag (politics)\"\nRed flag (politics) In politics, a red flag is predominantly a symbol of socialism, communism, Marxism, trade unions, left-wing politics, and historically of anarchism; it has been associated with left-wing politics since the French Revolution (1789–99). Socialists adopted the symbol during the Revolutions of 1848 and it became a symbol of communism as a result of its use by the Paris Commune of 1871. The flags of several communist states, including China, Vietnam and the Soviet Union, are explicitly based on the original red flag. The red flag is also used as a symbol by some democratic socialists and social", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 37 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15138712", "chunk_text": "\"Flag of Afghanistan\"\nFlag of Afghanistan The national flag of Afghanistan (Pashto: د افغانستان رپی; Dari Persian: پرچم افغانستان) consists of a vertical tricolor with the classical National Emblem in the center. The current flag was adopted on 19 August 2013, but many similar designs had been in use throughout most of the 20th century. The black color represents its troubled 19th century history as a protected state, the red colour represents the blood of those who fought for independence (specifically, the Anglo-Afghan Treaty of 1919), and the green represents hope and prosperity for the future. Afghanistan has had 26 different flags since", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 38 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10800978", "chunk_text": "\"Flag of Guyana\"\nFlag of Guyana The flag of Guyana, known as The Golden Arrowhead , has been the national flag of Guyana since May 1966 when the country became independent from the United Kingdom. It was designed by Whitney Smith, an American vexillologist (though originally without the black and white fimbriations, which were later additions suggested by the College of Arms in the United Kingdom). The proportions of the national flag are 3:5. The colours are symbolic, with green for agriculture and forests, white for rivers and water, gold for mineral wealth, black for endurance, and red for zeal and dynamism. The", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 39 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10551826", "chunk_text": "\"Flag of Mexico\"\na similar size (in comparison to Monterrey's) in the city of Dolores Hidalgo in Guanajuato, the cradle of Mexican independence. Flag of Mexico The flag of Mexico () is a vertical tricolor of green, white, and red with the national coat of arms charged in the center of the white stripe. While the meaning of the colors has changed over time, these three colors were adopted by Mexico following independence from Spain during the country's War of Independence, and subsequent First Mexican Empire. The form of the coat of arms was most recently revised in 1968, but the overall design", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 40 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8542156", "chunk_text": "Green\nIran, is green, symbolizing their Islamist ideology. The 1977 flag of Libya consisted of a simple green field with no other characteristics. It was the only national flag in the world with just one color and no design, insignia, or other details. Some countries used green in their flags to represent their country's lush vegetation, as in the flag of Jamaica, and hope in the future, as in the flags of Portugal and Nigeria. The green cedar of Lebanon tree on the Flag of Lebanon officially represents steadiness and tolerance. Green is a symbol of Ireland, which is often referred", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 41 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3116957", "chunk_text": "White\nRevolt of 1916; red, white, green and black. These include the flags of Egypt, Bahrain, Jordan, Syria, Kuwait and Iraq. Philippines also use white as their symbol for unity in their flag. In Western culture, white is the color most often associated with innocence, or purity. In Biblical times, lambs and other white animals were sacrificed to expiate sins. In Christianity Christ is considered the \"\"lamb of God,\"\" who died for the sins of mankind. The white lily is considered the flower of purity and innocence, and is often associated with the Virgin Mary. White is the color in Western", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 42 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6828184", "chunk_text": "\"Flag of Iran\"\nblankness and it is free to carry anything on it. It stands for martyrdom. In the Iranian culture, it symbolises bravery, fire, life, love, warmth, and sophistication. Historically, a red and white flag in a triangular form used to be the flag of the Medes (Mada). Cyrus the Great, a Persian, defeated his grandfather Astyages, the High Judge (King) of the Medes, and founded Iran by uniting the Persians and the Medes. The Iranian flag (which was later designed under Darius I the Great) symbolised this unity and victory (green above white and red) as the flag of the people", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 43 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13712314", "chunk_text": "\"Flag of Rwanda\"\nFlag of Rwanda The flag of Rwanda was adopted on October 25, 2001. The flag has four colours: blue, green, and two forms of yellow (standard yellow for the middle band and what the Pantone system calls \"\"sun yellow\"\" for the sun). The blue band represents happiness and peace, the yellow band symbolizes economic development, and the green band symbolizes the hope of prosperity. The sun represents enlightenment. The new flag represents national unity, respect for work, heroism, and confidence in the future. It was adopted to avoid connotations to the 1994 genocide. The flag was designed by Alphonse Kirimobenecyo.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 44 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10880537", "chunk_text": "\"Tricolour (flag)\"\n(red-blue-yellow), the Cisalpine Republic 1797 (Transpadane Republic, green-white-red), the Cisrhenian Republic 1797 (green-white-red), the Anconine Republic 1797 (blue-yellow-red), the Roman Republic 1798 (black-white-red), the Helvetic Republic 1798 (green-yellow-red; canton of Neuchatel 1848), the Parthenopean Republic 1799 (blue-yellow-red), the Principality of Lucca and Piombino 1805 (blue-white-red). Thus providing the format for most of modern Europe's national flags, from the flag of Italy, to the flag of Germany, flag of Ireland, flag of Belgium, flag of Romania, flag of Bulgaria, flag of Moldova, and others around the World such as the flag of Cameroon, flag of Chad, flag of Ivory Coast, flag", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 45 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17255034", "chunk_text": "\"Flag of Djibouti\"\nFlag of Djibouti The national flag of Djibouti (, , ) was adopted on 27 June 1977, following the country's independence from France. The light blue represents the sky and the sea, as well as the Issa Somalis, green represents the everlasting green of the earth, as well as the Afar people, white represents the colour of peace and the red star represents the unity and the blood shed by the martyrs of independence. No clans are mentioned in the national anthem. Before the establishment of French Somaliland, the flag of the Sultanate of Tajoura was the only ensign used", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 46 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18623687", "chunk_text": "\"Flag of Bulgaria\"\nFlag of Bulgaria The flag of Bulgaria (, , \"\"zname na Bǎlgariya\"\") is a tricolour consisting of three equal-sized horizontal bands of (from top to bottom) white, green, and red. The flag was first adopted after the 1877–1878 Russo-Turkish War, when Bulgaria gained independence. The national flag at times was charged with the state emblem, especially during the communist era. The current flag was re-established with the 1991 Constitution of Bulgaria and was confirmed in a 1998 law. After the liberation of Bulgaria following the Russo-Turkish War in 1878, the flag was described in the Tarnovo Constitution of 1879 as", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 47 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20671051", "chunk_text": "\"Flag of the United Nations\"\nFlag of the United Nations The flag of the United Nations was adopted on December 7, 1946, and consists of the official emblem of the United Nations in white on a blue background. The emblem's design is described as: The olive branches are a symbol for peace, and the world map represents all the people and the countries of the world. White and blue are the official colours of the United Nations. The organizers of the 1945 United Nations Conference on International Organization in San Francisco, California wanted an insignia that could be made into a pin to identify delegates.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 48 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18148285", "chunk_text": "\"İsmet Güney\"\nİsmet Güney İsmet Vehit Güney (15 July 1923 – 23 June 2009) was a Turkish Cypriot artist, cartoonist, teacher and painter. He is best known as the designer of the modern flag of the Republic of Cyprus, the country's coat of arms and the original Cyprus lira in 1960. Güney's design was unique, as the Republic of Cyprus is the first country in the world to display a map on its flag. Kosovo, whose status is disputed and recognized by 109 countries , adopted a flag in 2008 which also displays a map. Güney was born in 1923 in Limassol,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 49 } ]
test_3439	when did the new day win the tag team titles?	n/a	[ "2016" ]	[]	n/a	n/a	n/a	[]	[ { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10584264", "chunk_text": "\"The New Day (professional wrestling)\"\nThe New Day (professional wrestling) The New Day are a professional wrestling stable in WWE, composed of Big E, Kofi Kingston, and Xavier Woods. They compete on the SmackDown brand, where they are former three-time SmackDown Tag Team Champions. They are five-time tag team champions within the company, having won the WWE (Raw) Tag Team Championship twice (with their second reign being the longest title reign for a team in WWE history at 483 days) and the SmackDown Tag Team Championship three times. As tag team champions, The New Day defends the titles under the Freebird rule, with all three", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 0 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10584265", "chunk_text": "\"The New Day (professional wrestling)\"\nmembers being recognized as champions. The stable originally debuted on the July 21, 2014 episode of \"\"Raw\"\", but made their official television debut as The New Day in November 2014. In April 2015 at Extreme Rules, they won their first WWE Tag Team Championship. They lost the championship to The Prime Time Players the following month at Money in the Bank, but won it back in August at SummerSlam; their second reign became the longest in the title's history, the first to last more than a year, and the last with the title being the sole tag team championship in", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 1 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10584266", "chunk_text": "\"The New Day (professional wrestling)\"\nWWE. On December 14, 2016, they became the longest reigning tag team champions in WWE history (beating Demolition's 28-year-old record of 478 days with WWE's original World Tag Team Championship) and, at that time, the longest reigning champions for any WWE championship over the last two decades; they lost the renamed Raw Tag Team Championship four days later to Cesaro and Sheamus. After being drafted to SmackDown in April 2017, they went on to capture the SmackDown Tag Team Championship on three separate occasions. The early months of the stable were marked by largely negative reactions to their personas from", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 2 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10584291", "chunk_text": "\"The New Day (professional wrestling)\"\non the TruTV comedy series \"\"Adam Ruins Everything.\"\" The New Day (professional wrestling) The New Day are a professional wrestling stable in WWE, composed of Big E, Kofi Kingston, and Xavier Woods. They compete on the SmackDown brand, where they are former three-time SmackDown Tag Team Champions. They are five-time tag team champions within the company, having won the WWE (Raw) Tag Team Championship twice (with their second reign being the longest title reign for a team in WWE history at 483 days) and the SmackDown Tag Team Championship three times. As tag team champions, The New Day defends the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 3 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5677906", "chunk_text": "\"The New Day (professional wrestling)\"\nwhere they would lose. During the 2016 WWE draft, The New Day were drafted to the Raw brand, making the WWE Tag Team Championship exclusive to the brand. In parallel to a lengthy feud with Gallows and Anderson over the titles, The New Day became the longest reigning WWE Tag Team Champions in the title's history, breaking the old record of 331 days previously set by Paul London and Brian Kendrick and, after the creation of the SmackDown Tag Team Championship for the SmackDown brand, became the last people to have held their championship as the sole tag team title", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 4 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5677909", "chunk_text": "\"The New Day (professional wrestling)\"\nin two successive triple threat tag team matches – first against Cesaro and Sheamus and Gallows and Anderson, and then against the team of Chris Jericho and WWE Universal Champion Kevin Owens, and the team of Seth Rollins and United States Champion Roman Reigns – The New Day broke Demolition's 28-year-old record to have the longest single-run with any tag team championship in WWE history. Demolition held this record with WWE's original World Tag Team Championship and still hold the specific record for that (defunct) version of the titles. At on December 18, The New Day's reign ended at 483", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 5 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10584267", "chunk_text": "\"The New Day (professional wrestling)\"\nfans and critics alike, but after turning into villains in April 2015, they began to receive acclaim for their entertainment value, as well as for their in-ring performances. In 2015, the trio were collectively named \"\"WWE Wrestler of the Year\"\" by \"\"Rolling Stone\"\", while also being recognized as the \"\"Best Gimmick\"\" of the year by the \"\"Wrestling Observer Newsletter\"\". Additionally, they became the first trio to win the \"\"Pro Wrestling Illustrated\"\" award for \"\"Tag Team of the Year\"\", doing so in 2015 and 2016 (the first two wins in a row in this category for two decades). Their popularity resulted", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 6 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5677901", "chunk_text": "\"The New Day (professional wrestling)\"\nof Champions on September 20, where Big E and Kingston lost by disqualification, but retained their titles. They lost via disqualification to retain their championships again in a rematch against The Dudley Boyz at WWE Live from Madison Square Garden, but defeated them via pinfall at Hell in a Cell on October 25 to retain the titles, thus ending their feud. The New Day led their own team at Survivor Series including Sheamus and King Barrett, but left the match prematurely to tend to Big E after his elimination. At on December 13, they retained the WWE Tag Team Championship", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 7 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7048144", "chunk_text": "\"WWE Tag Team Championship\"\nrenamed the Raw Tag Team Championship, and SmackDown created the SmackDown Tag Team Championship as a counterpart title. In addition, WWE's developmental brand NXT established its own Tag Team Championship in January 2013. The Raw, SmackDown, and NXT tag team titles are WWE's three currently active tag team championships. Another tag team championship, the NXT UK Tag Team Championship, is set to debut in 2018 for WWE's new NXT UK brand. The New Day, Demolition, The Fabulous Kangaroos, The Mongols, and The Ascension all retain the specific records for each of their respective titles held. At present, The Usos hold", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 8 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5677907", "chunk_text": "\"The New Day (professional wrestling)\"\nin WWE and the first to hold it under its new name of Raw Tag Team Championship. The New Day would continue to successfully retain their championships against Gallows and Anderson in the following months, such as SummerSlam on August 21, Clash of Champions on September 25 and the following night on \"\"Raw\"\", ending their feud in the process. After their feud with Gallows and Anderson, The New Day began feuding with Cesaro and Sheamus and at Hell in a Cell on October 30, The New Day were defeated by Cesaro and Sheamus via disqualification, but they retained the titles", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 9 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5677903", "chunk_text": "\"The New Day (professional wrestling)\"\nand turning into fan favorites in the process. The New Day then retained their titles at Roadblock against Sheamus and Barrett on March 12 and the following night on \"\"Raw\"\" against Del Rio and Rusev, but were attacked by The League afterwards. This led to a non-title six-man tag team match between the two stables at WrestleMania 32 on April 3, where The New Day lost, but Big E and Kingston retained their championships once again against Sheamus and Barrett the following night on \"\"Raw\"\". At Payback on May 1, the final match of the tournament to determine the number", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 10 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "453394", "chunk_text": "\"Paul London and Brian Kendrick\"\nPaul London and Brian Kendrick Paul London and Brian Kendrick were a professional wrestling tag team for World Wrestling Entertainment (WWE). They are former WWE Tag Team Champions and World Tag Team Champions. Their 2006-2007 reign as WWE Tag Team Champions was the longest in the title's history until their record was broken by The New Day on July 20, 2016, and is still the longest reign by a duo. They first began teaming together in 2003 as a part of WWE, but Kendrick left the company shortly thereafter. When he returned in mid-2005, he and London reunited as a", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 11 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9540055", "chunk_text": "\"WWE SmackDown Tag Team Championship\"\nshortest reign at 23 days. The oldest champion is Rhyno, winning the title at 40 years old, while the youngest is Jason Jordan when he won it at 28. The Bar (Cesaro and Sheamus) are the current champions in their first reign both individually and as a team. They won the titles by defeating The New Day (represented by Big E and Xavier Woods) on October 16, 2018 in Washington, D.C. on \"\"SmackDown 1000\"\". WWE SmackDown Tag Team Championship The WWE SmackDown Tag Team Championship is a professional wrestling world tag team championship created and promoted by the American professional", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 12 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10584284", "chunk_text": "\"The New Day (professional wrestling)\"\nlater on \"\"SmackDown\"\", to capture the titles for a third time. They held the titles until October 16, 2018, when they were defeated by Cesaro and Sheamus on \"\"SmackDown 1000\"\". Initially characterized as stereotypical black gospel characters, The New Day received overwhelming negative reviews from fans and critics alike. Jim Ross noted that \"\"today's wrestling fan may be a little hard on the talented trio\"\" due to them \"\"espousing such positivity\"\". \"\"ProWrestling.net\"\" wrote that The New Day \"\"seem to be all about smiling and dancing; one of the three racial stereotypes WWE assigns to their African-American performers\"\". Entertainment website \"\"The", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 13 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5677910", "chunk_text": "\"The New Day (professional wrestling)\"\ndays after they lost the championships to Cesaro and Sheamus. On the December 26 episode of \"\"Raw\"\", The New Day received a rematch, but failed to reclaim the championships. The New Day would go on to host WrestleMania 33, and the following night on \"\"Raw\"\", lost to the debuting team The Revival (Scott Dawson and Dash Wilder). After the match, Kingston was attacked by The Revival, resulting in a legitimate ankle injury. On April 11, 2017, The New Day were moved to the SmackDown brand; however, they did not appear for several weeks due to Kingston's ankle injury. After appearing", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 14 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10584272", "chunk_text": "\"The New Day (professional wrestling)\"\nvictory against Adam Rose, the team of Kidd and Cesaro, masquerading as Rosebuds, interfered by laying out Woods on the outside and performing their finisher on Big E in the ring. At the Royal Rumble, The New Day's winning streak came to an end when Tyson Kidd and Cesaro defeated Big E and Kingston. On the March 27 episode of \"\"Superstars\"\", The New Day defeated The Ascension (Konnor and Viktor) with their pendulum backbreaker and diving double foot stomp combination. A fatal four-way match for the WWE Tag Team Championship took place on the WrestleMania 31 pre-show on March 29,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 15 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9832376", "chunk_text": "\"Kofi Kingston\"\nNew Day teammates, was drafted to \"\"Raw\"\". Three days later, on July 22, Kingston, along with Xavier Woods and Big E, became the longest reigning WWE Tag Team Champions in history, breaking the record of 331 days previously set by Paul London and Brian Kendrick. After \"\"SmackDown\"\" established the WWE SmackDown Tag Team Championships after the brand split, the titles held by the New Day were renamed the WWE Raw Tag Team Championships. At SummerSlam, The New Day lost to Luke Gallows and Karl Anderson by disqualification in a title match after Big E, who had been injured by the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 16 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5677905", "chunk_text": "\"The New Day (professional wrestling)\"\nAt Money in the Bank on June 19, The New Day defeated Gallows and Anderson, The Vaudevillains and Enzo and Cass in a fatal-four way match to retain the WWE Tag Team Championship and, as of that victory, they hold the record for the longest combined reign as a tag team. On the June 20 episode of \"\"Raw\"\", The New Day confronted returning The Wyatt Family (Bray Wyatt, Erick Rowan and Braun Strowman) and interrupted Wyatt's promo, thus starting a feud between the two teams that would lead to a non-title six-man tag team match at Battleground on July 24,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 17 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4406131", "chunk_text": "\"WWE SmackDown Tag Team Championship\"\nthere have been 11 reigns between 7 teams, and 15 individual champions. The team of Heath Slater and Rhyno were the inaugural champions. The Usos (Jey and Jimmy Uso) hold multiple records with the championship: they are tied with The New Day (Big E, Kofi Kingston, and Xavier Woods) for the most reigns at three, they are the longest-reigning champions at 182 days for their third reign, they have the longest combined reign at 329 days (328 days as recognized by WWE), and they are tied with The Wyatt Family (Bray Wyatt, Luke Harper, and Randy Orton) for having the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 18 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5493263", "chunk_text": "\"Kofi Kingston\"\n\"\"Raw\"\", the New Day defended their titles against the other half of the League of Nations. After the match, the four League of Nations members assaulted the New Day. On March 17, Kingston surpassed John Morrison to become the longest combined-reigning tag team champion at 541 days. At WrestleMania 32 The New Day were defeated by the League of Nations in an six-man tag team match. After the match, the trio were rescued by WWE Hall of Famers Stone Cold Steve Austin, Shawn Michaels and Mick Foley, and celebrated by sharing a beer with Austin before Woods was struck with", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 19 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4406128", "chunk_text": "\"WWE SmackDown Tag Team Championship\"\nto be the counterpart title to the then-WWE Tag Team Championship, which became exclusive to Raw as a result of the 2016 WWE draft. That title was subsequently renamed after the crowning of the inaugural SmackDown Tag Team Champions, Heath Slater and Rhyno. Following the reintroduction of the WWE brand extension and subsequent draft on July 19, 2016, then-WWE Tag Team Champions The New Day were drafted to Raw, leaving SmackDown without a tag team championship. Over the course of the following month, SmackDown general manager Daniel Bryan stated that he wanted to build up the tag team division before", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 20 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10584275", "chunk_text": "\"The New Day (professional wrestling)\"\nthe bout, turning all three men into villains in the process. On the April 20 episode of \"\"Raw\"\", The New Day defeated The Lucha Dragons via countout to become the number one contenders for the WWE Tag Team Championship at Extreme Rules after Woods held onto Sin Cara's feet to prevent him from re-entering the ring. At the pay-per view on April 26, The New Day defeated Kidd and Cesaro to capture the WWE Tag Team Championship; Big E and Kingston were the participants in the match, but WWE also recognized Woods as champion under the Freebird Rule, in which", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 21 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19995397", "chunk_text": "\"WWE Raw Tag Team Championship\"\nbrand. The brand extension was discontinued on August 29, 2011, but it was revived on July 19, 2016. The following is a list of dates indicating the transitions of the WWE (Raw) Tag Team Championship between the Raw, SmackDown, and ECW brands. The inaugural champions were Kurt Angle and Chris Benoit. John Cena and The Miz's 9-minute reign is the shortest in the title's history, while The New Day (Big E, Kofi Kingston, and Xavier Woods) have the longest single reign at days, and the longest combined reign at 532 days (WWE recognizes their combined reign as 533 days). Bobby", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 22 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5677911", "chunk_text": "\"The New Day (professional wrestling)\"\non \"\"Talking Smack\"\", on May 23, the trio fully returned on May 30, setting their sights on The Usos' SmackDown Tag Team Championship. In the two teams' first encounter at Money in the Bank, Big E and Kingston won the match by countout, but not the title. In a rematch at Battleground, Kingston and Woods captured the titles; this marked the first time that Xavier Woods took an active part in winning a championship and his first championship-winning pinfall in WWE. They lost the title back to The Usos on the SummerSlam 2017 pre-show, regained it on the September 12", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 23 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10584269", "chunk_text": "\"The New Day (professional wrestling)\"\nwith Dolph Ziggler and AJ Lee. In November 2013, he won the Intercontinental Championship. Woods signed to WWE in 2010 and worked in FCW and NXT until the November 18, 2013 episode of \"\"Raw\"\", when he made his main roster debut. On the July 21, 2014 episode of \"\"Raw\"\", after Big E and Kingston suffered another loss as a tag team in a recent losing streak, Woods came down to address the two and he declared that they could not \"\"get ahead by kissing babies and shaking hands\"\", and that it would be \"\"their time to shine\"\". The duo then", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 24 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15224050", "chunk_text": "\"Big E (wrestler)\"\nroyal that same night, which was won by the Big Show. New Day then transitioned into villains after fans responded negatively to the group. At Extreme Rules, Big E and Kingston won the Tag Team Championship for the first time from Tyson Kidd and Cesaro. New Day defended the title under the Freebird Rule, which allows any two members of a stable to compete for the title, although typically would be defended by Big E and Kingston with Woods acting as a manager. They defeated Kidd and Cesaro in rematches on \"\"SmackDown\"\" and at Payback, with Woods interfering in both", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 25 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12671019", "chunk_text": "\"Kofi Kingston\"\nitself due to Kingston's injury. The New Day made their official return on May 30, announcing their objective to defeat The Usos and win the SmackDown Tag Team Championship. The two teams faced off at Money in the Bank, where Big E and Kingston emerged victorious when The Usos purposely got themselves counted out, thus keeping their titles. A rematch took place at Battleground, where Kingston and Woods were successful in capturing the titles, thus making Kingston the first wrestler to hold the SmackDown Tag Team Championship, Raw Tag Team Championship (both its previous and current incarnations), and the original", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 26 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5677913", "chunk_text": "\"The New Day (professional wrestling)\"\nAt Survivor Series, however, The New Day lost to The Shield in an interbrand six-man tag team match. At Fastlane, The New Day faced The Usos for the Smackdown Tag Team Championship, but the match ended in a no contest after interference from The Bludgeon Brothers (Harper and Rowan). At WrestleMania 34, all three teams competed in a triple threat tag team match for the titles, which The Bludgeon Brothers won. After failing to win the title at SummerSlam, when they defeated the champions by disqualification, The New Day defeated The Bludgeon Brothers in a No Disqualification match two days", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 27 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11976124", "chunk_text": "\"Edge and Christian\"\nThe New Day as their guests, a second season of the show was announced in April 2018. In addition, they started their own podcast called E&C's Pod of Awesomeness in April 2017. In 2018, Edge and Christian inducted The Dudley Boyz (Bubba Ray and D-Von Dudley) into the WWE Hall of Fame. Edge and Christian Edge and Christian (E&C) are a tag team made of real life best friends Edge (Adam Copeland) and Christian (Jason Reso). They are best known for their time in the World Wrestling Federation (WWF), later renamed World Wrestling Entertainment (WWE) where they won the WWF", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 28 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7095858", "chunk_text": "\"World Tag Team Championship (WWE)\"\nTag Team Champions, the Dudley Boyz, defeated then-WWF Tag Team Champions, the Hardy Boyz, and were named the last WCW Tag Team Champions, as that title was deactivated, while becoming the new WWF Tag Team Champions. After the WWF/WWE name change in 2002, the championship was subsequently renamed to \"\"WWE Tag Team Championship\"\". During the initial WWE brand extension, the WWE Tag Team Championship was assigned to the SmackDown! brand, but after Raw's The Un-Americans (Christian and Lance Storm) defeated SmackDown!'s Billy and Chuck for the championship, the title moved to the Raw brand, leaving SmackDown! without a tag team", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 29 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5677902", "chunk_text": "\"The New Day (professional wrestling)\"\nagainst The Lucha Dragons and The Usos (Jimmy and Jey Uso) in a triple threat ladder match. The New Day then successfully defended their titles against The Lucha Dragons on the special December 22 episode of \"\"Super SmackDown Live!\"\" and against The Usos in January 24, 2016 at the Royal Rumble event. At Fastlane on February 21, The New Day began mocking The League of Nations (Sheamus, Alberto Del Rio, Rusev and King Barrett), calling them the \"\"League of Booty\"\". They then continued to mock The League of Nations in various segments and skits while simultaneously feuding with other teams", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 30 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5677908", "chunk_text": "\"The New Day (professional wrestling)\"\nas a result. On the October 31 episode of \"\"Raw\"\", The New Day revealed that they were made captain of Team Raw for the 10-on-10 Survivor Series Tag Team Elimination match at Survivor Series. At the event on November 20, they made the first elimination, but were then eliminated themselves by The Usos. However, Team Raw still won the match thanks to Cesaro and Sheamus. On the two following \"\"Raw\"\" episodes, The New Day successfully retained their titles against Cesaro and Sheamus and then Gallows and Anderson, respectively. On the December 12 episode of \"\"Raw\"\", after successfully defending their titles", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 31 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13197714", "chunk_text": "\"Xavier Woods\"\nthe Bank pay-per-view, The New Day successfully retained their titles against The Vaudevillains, Enzo and Cass and Karl Anderson and Luke Gallows in a fatal-four way tag team match. On July 19, at the 2016 WWE draft, Woods, along with his fellow New Day teammates, was drafted to \"\"Raw\"\". Three days later, on July 22, Woods, along with Kingston and Big E, became the longest reigning WWE Tag Team Champions in history, breaking the record of 331 days previously set by Paul London and Brian Kendrick. After \"\"SmackDown\"\" established the WWE SmackDown Tag Team Championships after the brand split, the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 32 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19995394", "chunk_text": "\"WWE Raw Tag Team Championship\"\nWWE Tag Team Championship belts, along with all other pre-existing championship belts in WWE at the time, received a minor update, replacing the long-standing scratch logo with WWE's new logo originally used for the WWE Network. Following the reintroduction of the brand extension in July 2016, then-champions The New Day were drafted to the Raw brand, making the championship exclusive to Raw. In response, SmackDown created the SmackDown Tag Team Championship on August 23, 2016. The WWE Tag Team Championship was subsequently renamed to reflect its exclusivity to Raw. The championship's belt design was updated on December 19, 2016; the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 33 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7095863", "chunk_text": "\"World Tag Team Championship (WWE)\"\nfor a record with shortest reigns. Jules Strongbow and Chief Jay Strongbow had their titles taken away shortly after winning them on June 28, 1982 when it was determined that Mr. Fuji, one half of the reigning champions with Mr. Saito, was pinned with a foot on the ropes. Owen Hart and Yokozuna lost their titles on September 25, 1995 to the Smoking Gunns shortly after having the titles returned to them. On March 19, 2001, Edge and Christian defeated The Hardy Boyz to win the titles only to lose them later that night to The Dudley Boyz. The Dudley", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 34 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14524359", "chunk_text": "\"Xavier Woods\"\nE and Kingston defeated Tyson Kidd and Cesaro to win the WWE Tag Team Championship after a distraction from Woods. Woods was then given a share of the title and the trio defended the titles under the Freebird Rule. Kingston and Big E retained their titles in rematches on both \"\"SmackDown\"\" and at Payback, with Woods interfering in both matches. At Elimination Chamber, The New Day retained the title in the first ever tag team Elimination Chamber match, where all three members were allowed to compete. At Money in the Bank, Woods and Big E lost the titles to The", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 35 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10003530", "chunk_text": "\"ROH World Tag Team Championship\"\ntournament, with a trophy. The title became the ROH World Tag Team Championship after then champions Austin Aries and Roderick Strong defeated Naruki Doi and Masato Yoshino on July 9, 2006, while on a tour in Japan with Dragon Gate. Since then, the title has also been defended in the United Kingdom. In 2010 the title belt, along with the ROH World Championship, was redesigned. In 2012, the title belts were redesigned again, with the company's current logo. On January 1, 2018, ROH announced on their YouTube page that their World Tag, Six Man World Tag Team, and World Television", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 36 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7048142", "chunk_text": "\"WWE Tag Team Championship\"\namong other titles, which was defended on WWF programming until that year's Survivor Series, where the WCW World Tag Team Championship was unified into the WWF World Tag Team Championship. After WWF's initial brand extension in the spring of 2002 and the renaming of the company as World Wrestling Entertainment (WWE), the tag titles became the WWE Tag Team Championship and champions Billy and Chuck were drafted to the SmackDown brand. That following summer, however, The Un-Americans (Christian and Lance Storm) defeated Billy and Chuck for the titles, moving the championship to the Raw brand where it was renamed World", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 37 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17259294", "chunk_text": "\"The Usos\"\ntitles. However at Battleground, they lost the tag titles to New Day, ending their 124-day reign. On August 20 at the SummerSlam pre-show, The Usos defeated The New Day to recapture the titles, making them the first team to win the SmackDown Tag Team Championship twice. They also became the first tag team since The Dudley Boyz in 2001 to become four-time tag team champions. Their reign ended on the September 12 edition of \"\"SmackDown Live\"\" after they lost to The New Day in a Sin City Street Fight. The Usos would then invoke their rematch at Hell in a", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 38 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10003531", "chunk_text": "\"ROH World Tag Team Championship\"\nChampionships will receive new designs which will debut at the next set of television tapings. The inaugural champions were The Prophecy (Christopher Daniels and Donovan Morgan), who defeated \"\"The American Dragon\"\" and Michael Modest on September 21, 2002, to become the champions. The Kings of Wrestling (Chris Hero and Claudio Castagnoli) have the longest reign as champions with their second reign lasting 363 days. The current champions are The Briscoes (Jay Briscoe and Mark Briscoe) who are in their tenth reign as a team. They defeated previous champions So Cal Uncensored (Frankie Kazarian and Scorpio Sky), as well as The", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 39 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15224057", "chunk_text": "\"Big E (wrestler)\"\nhad two successful title defenses in November on the 21 and 28 November editions of Raw against Cesaro and Sheamus and Gallows and Anderson. On the December 12th edition of Raw, The New Day retained the title two triple threat tag team matches, first involving Gallows and Anderson and Cesaro and Sheamus and the second involving Chris Jericho and Kevin Owens and the team of Roman Reigns and Seth Rollins. At , The New Day lost the Raw Tag Team Championship to Cesaro and Sheamus, ending their record breaking championship reign at 483 days. All members were in the Royal", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 40 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17959983", "chunk_text": "\"World Tag Team Championship (WWE)\"\nBoyz held the record for most reigns as a team with eight. Edge held the record for overall reigns as an individual with twelve, seven of which were with Christian. He also won the titles with Hulk Hogan, Chris Benoit, Randy Orton, and Chris Jericho (after the titles were unified). The final champions were The Hart Dynasty (David Hart Smith and Tyson Kidd), who won the titles from ShoMiz (Big Show and The Miz) on the April 26, 2010 episode of \"\"Raw\"\". After the World Tag Team Championship was deactivated, the duo continued to serve as the WWE Tag Team", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 41 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10584268", "chunk_text": "\"The New Day (professional wrestling)\"\nin the trio reverting to fan favorites in early 2016. After wrestling in WWE's developmental territories Deep South Wrestling (DSW), Ohio Valley Wrestling (OVW) and Florida Championship Wrestling, Kingston made his debut on \"\"ECW\"\" in January 2008 and has since won many championships in WWE such as the Intercontinental Championship, United States Championship, World Tag Team Championship and WWE Tag Team Championship. Big E began his career in FCW and NXT, becoming the second NXT Champion after defeating Seth Rollins. On the December 17, 2012 episode of \"\"Raw\"\", he made his main roster debut attacking John Cena and aligning himself", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 42 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10498952", "chunk_text": "\"A.J. Styles\"\nwhich ultimately led to an encounter between the two on February 21 at Fastlane, where Styles emerged victorious via submission. After Fastlane, Jericho and Styles formed a tag team, dubbed \"\"Y2AJ\"\", and went on to defeat The New Day (Big E and Kofi Kingston) in two non-title matches. This led to a match for the WWE Tag Team Championship on the March 7 episode of \"\"Raw\"\", which Y2AJ failed to win, after which Jericho turned on Styles and attacked him, officially ending their team. The two subsequently interfered in each other's matches, leading to Styles challenging Jericho to a match", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 43 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "689806", "chunk_text": "\"The World's Greatest Tag Team\"\nbut later reformed briefly back on SmackDown in May 2009. In 2010, the team reformed on the independent circuit, and began competing regularly for Ring of Honor (ROH), where they are former two-time ROH World Tag Team Champions. The tag team made their debut on the December 26, 2002 edition of WWE's \"\"SmackDown!\"\". Paul Heyman introduced Benjamin and Haas under the name Team Angle as a \"\"gift\"\" to his top client Kurt Angle. Team Angle quickly involved themselves in a scripted rivalry with Chris Benoit and Edge, defeating them on January 30, 2003 to become the number one contenders for", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 44 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4177034", "chunk_text": "\"The Prime Time Players\"\nbecome the new WWE Tag Team Champions. On the September 7 episode of \"\"Raw\"\", it was announced that The New Day would defend the titles against The Prime Time Players in a rematch the following week, and the winners would defend the titles against The Dudley Boyz at Night of Champions. On the September 14 episode of \"\"Raw\"\", The New Day defeated The Prime Time Players, thus setting up The New Day vs. The Dudley Boyz for Night of Champions. Towards the end of 2015, O'Neil and Young began focusing on singles careers. On the November 9 episode of \"\"Raw\"\",", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 45 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "689807", "chunk_text": "\"The World's Greatest Tag Team\"\nthe WWE Tag Team Championship. The following week, on February 6, they won the WWE Tag Team Championship by defeating Los Guerreros. They continued their rivalry with Benoit, facing him and Brock Lesnar at No Way Out in a handicap match, where they teamed with their mentor Angle in a losing effort. After a successful title defense at WrestleMania XIX against Los Guerreros and the team of Chris Benoit and Rhyno, Team Angle lost the championship to Eddie Guerrero and his new partner Tajiri at Judgment Day on May 18 in a ladder match. Shortly afterwards, on June 12, Angle", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 46 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15224055", "chunk_text": "\"Big E (wrestler)\"\nwere drafted to the Raw brand. Three days later, on July 22, the New Day became the longest reigning WWE Tag Team Champions, breaking the record of 331 days previously set by Paul London and Brian Kendrick. After SmackDown established the WWE SmackDown Tag Team Championships due to the brand split, the titles held by the New Day were renamed the WWE Raw Tag Team Championships. On the August 1 episode of \"\"Raw\"\", Big E suffered a storyline contusion to the groin area after an attack by Luke Gallows and Karl Anderson. At SummerSlam, Big E returned from injury by", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 47 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10584271", "chunk_text": "\"The New Day (professional wrestling)\"\nSlater and Titus O'Neil. On the December 1 episode of \"\"Raw\"\", Kingston and Woods competed in a tag team turmoil match to determine the number one contenders for the WWE Tag Team Championship, eliminating Gold and Stardust, before being eliminated by Tyson Kidd and Cesaro. On the December 5 episode of \"\"SmackDown\"\", Kingston and Woods defeated Kidd and Cesaro with a pendulum backbreaker and diving double foot stomp combination. At the pre-show on December 14, Big E and Kingston defeated Goldust and Stardust. On the January 5, 2015 episode of \"\"Raw\"\", while Big E was on his way to a", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 48 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6834092", "chunk_text": "\"Fastlane (2018)\"\nChampion of all time, he would have to beat the best, and said that Orton was one of the best of all time. Orton interrupted and said the U.S. title was the one title he had never held during his WWE career and would be taking it from Roode at Fastlane. On the final \"\"SmackDown\"\" before Fastlane, Mahal defeated Orton due to an interference by Roode. Throughout 2017, The Usos (Jey and Jimmy Uso) and The New Day (Big E, Kofi Kingston, and Xavier Woods) wrestled at numerous events over the SmackDown Tag Team Championship, with the original feud ending", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 49 } ]
test_3440	who wrote if she knew what she wants?	n/a	[ "Jules Shear" ]	[]	n/a	n/a	n/a	[]	[ { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4091548", "chunk_text": "\"If She Knew What She Wants\"\nIf She Knew What She Wants \"\"If She Knew What She Wants\"\" is a song by Jules Shear released on his 1985 album \"\"The Eternal Return\"\". The song was recorded a year later by The Bangles for their 1986 album \"\"Different Light\"\". Shear's song originally was written in the first person as a love song; the Bangles rewrote the lyrics in the third person rather than change the subject's gender. The Bangles charted at number 29 on the \"\"Billboard\"\" Hot 100, number 31 on the UK Singles Chart, and number 31 on the Australian Kent Music Report chart. Two different", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 0 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6275829", "chunk_text": "\"If She Knew What She Wants\"\nmusic videos were created for the song, one that was commonly shown in North America and the other that was commonly shown in Europe. The \"\"American version\"\" was produced by Tamar Simon Hoffs, the mother of Bangles guitarist/vocalist Susanna Hoffs, who sings lead in this song. The Bangles version is featured in the 2006 Tim Allen and Courteney Cox superhero comedy \"\"Zoom\"\". If She Knew What She Wants \"\"If She Knew What She Wants\"\" is a song by Jules Shear released on his 1985 album \"\"The Eternal Return\"\". The song was recorded a year later by The Bangles for their", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 1 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8048604", "chunk_text": "\"Jules Shear\"\nJules Shear Jules Mark Shear (born March 7, 1952) is an American singer, songwriter, and guitarist. He wrote the Cyndi Lauper hit single \"\"All Through the Night\"\" and The Bangles' hit \"\"If She Knew What She Wants\"\", and charted a hit as a performer with \"\"Steady\"\" in 1985. Shear attended the University of Pittsburgh. He distinguished himself with the Pitt Glee Club where he led a special side ensemble called Wooden Music, which used acoustic instruments, in a foreshadowing of his \"\"Unplugged\"\" concept. One of his noted songs of the time, which he performed in concerts with the glee club,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 2 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5997118", "chunk_text": "\"What She Wants\"\nWhat She Wants \"\"What She Wants\"\" is a song written by Renee Armand and Kerry Chater and recorded by American country music artist Michael Martin Murphey. It was released in November 1984 as the lead single from the compilation album, \"\"The Best of Michael Martin Murphey\"\". The song peaked at number 8 on the U.S. \"\"Billboard\"\" Hot Country Singles & Tracks chart and at number 6 on the Canadian \"\"RPM\"\" Country Tracks chart. A music video was released to promote the song and it stars Murphey and his wife Mary. The video, directed by David Hogan, is designed to call", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 3 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17161485", "chunk_text": "\"If It's Lovin' that You Want\"\nIf It's Lovin' that You Want \"\"If It's Lovin' that You Want\"\" is a song recorded by Barbadian singer Rihanna, from her debut studio album \"\"Music of the Sun\"\" (2005). It was written by Samuel Barnes, Scott La Rock, Makeba Riddick, Jean-Claude Oliver, Lawrence Parker, and produced by Poke & Tone. It was released on September 13, 2005, as the second and final single from the album. The lyrics revolve around \"\"basically telling a guy, 'If it's lovin' that you want, you should make me your girl because I've got what you need\"\". The song received mixed reviews from music", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 4 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2288129", "chunk_text": "\"If It's Lovin' that You Want\"\nIf It's Lovin' that You Want \"\"If It's Lovin' that You Want\"\" is a song recorded by Barbadian singer Rihanna, from her debut studio album \"\"Music of the Sun\"\" (2005). It was written by Samuel Barnes, Scott La Rock, Makeba Riddick, Jean-Claude Oliver, Lawrence Parker, and produced by Poke & Tone. It was released on September 13, 2005, as the second and final single from the album. The lyrics revolve around \"\"basically telling a guy, 'If it's lovin' that you want, you should make me your girl because I've got what you need\"\". The song received mixed reviews from music", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 5 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "678703", "chunk_text": "\"What She Wants\"\nattention to the growing plight of runaway children. What She Wants \"\"What She Wants\"\" is a song written by Renee Armand and Kerry Chater and recorded by American country music artist Michael Martin Murphey. It was released in November 1984 as the lead single from the compilation album, \"\"The Best of Michael Martin Murphey\"\". The song peaked at number 8 on the U.S. \"\"Billboard\"\" Hot Country Singles & Tracks chart and at number 6 on the Canadian \"\"RPM\"\" Country Tracks chart. A music video was released to promote the song and it stars Murphey and his wife Mary. The video,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 6 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18396311", "chunk_text": "\"Different Light\"\nalbum at number 78 on its list of \"\"Best Albums of the 1980s\"\". \"\"Different Light\"\" produced five singles, the first three of which were written by someone other than the Bangles. Lead single \"\"Manic Monday\"\", originally written by Prince under the pseudonym \"\"Christopher\"\" in 1984 as a duet for the \"\"Apollonia 6\"\" album, peaked at number two in the United Kingdom and the United States in 1986. \"\"If She Knew What She Wants\"\", the second single from \"\"Different Light\"\", was originally recorded by Jules Shear on his 1985 \"\"Eternal Return\"\" album. The song was originally written in the first person,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 7 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12139235", "chunk_text": "\"The Bangles\"\nthe wistful \"\"If She Knew What She Wants\"\", written and first recorded by Jules Shear (which reached 29 on the Billboard Hot 100 in the summer of 1986 and was in the German Top 20 for 13 weeks). There was friction among band members after music industry media began singling out Hoffs as the lead singer of the group, a result of Columbia Records releasing mostly singles on which Hoffs sang lead vocal. In fact, singing duties on the group's albums were evenly divided among all of the band's members, all of whom wrote or co-wrote songs. Hoffs starred in", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 8 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5651474", "chunk_text": "\"Jersey Girl (song)\"\nwith that stereotype. One writer for \"\"The New York Times\"\" stated that \"\"the Jersey girl, the one Tom Waits and Bruce Springsteen sing about, knows she'll get what she wants,\"\" and listed Springsteen's wife Patti Scialfa and Governor of New Jersey Christine Todd Whitman as examples that befit the song. Bill Janovitz writing for AllMusic feels it is one of Waits' most tender songs, and that it captures a feeling of romantic longing despite its somewhat gritty details. Jersey Girl (song) \"\"Jersey Girl\"\" is a song composed and originally sung by American singer-songwriter Tom Waits from his 1980 album \"\"Heartattack", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 9 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10906340", "chunk_text": "\"What a Girl Wants (Christina Aguilera song)\"\nWhat a Girl Wants (Christina Aguilera song) \"\"What a Girl Wants\"\" is a song by American singer Christina Aguilera, taken from her debut album \"\"Christina Aguilera\"\" (1999). A re-recorded version was released on November 28, 1999 by RCA Records as the album's second single, following the commercial success of the album's lead single \"\"Genie in a Bottle\"\". The song was written by Shelly Peiken and Guy Roche. The song was completed and pitched to RCA executive Ron Fair as \"\"What a Girl Needs\"\" and was renamed \"\"What a Girl Wants\"\"; Fair later gave the track to Aguilera. A Spanish version", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 10 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20415789", "chunk_text": "\"Give the Lady What She Wants\"\nGive the Lady What She Wants Give the Lady What She Wants is a 1958 studio album by Lena Horne, with Lennie Hayton and His Orchestra. The third studio album Lena Horne released on the RCA Victor label, this album peaked at #20 in the Billboard 200 album charts. The album has been re-issued on CD, firstly by BMG/RCA, Japan in 2004 and in 2010 by Avid Easy Records, together with two other studio albums, \"\"Stormy Weather\"\" and \"\"A Friend of Yours\"\". This 2CD release also includes the live RCA Victor recordings \"\"At the Waldorf Astoria\"\" and the four tracks", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 11 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11448658", "chunk_text": "\"The Heart Wants What It Wants\"\nI'll bet the odds against it all... / There's a million reasons why I should give you up / But the heart wants what it wants.\"\" The title is from a letter by Emily Dickinson. The saying was popularized in 2001 when it was quoted by Woody Allen in an interview about his relationship with Soon-Yi Previn. Lucas Villa of \"\"AXS\"\" favorably compared \"\"The Heart Wants What it Wants\"\" to the music of Lana Del Rey for Gomez's use of \"\"trip hop beats, guitar and distorted Emile Haynie-styled yelps\"\" alongside her \"\"darkest\"\" lyrics yet. He further wrote that the song", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 12 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16541281", "chunk_text": "\"If She Knew\"\nIf She Knew \"\"If She Knew\"\" is a song by British R&B singer Lemar, released as the first single from his fourth album, \"\"The Reason\"\". The song has been a further top 20 success for Lemar; it was C-listed on BBC Radio 1, entering the UK Singles Chart at #61 after just two full days of download sales, and then climbing to #14 upon the release of the physical CD. The following week the single fell to #19 but Radio 1 moved the track up to their B-list. In its fourth week, \"\"If She Knew\"\" dropped two places to #21.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 13 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8048610", "chunk_text": "\"Jules Shear\"\nin the hands of other artists, notably Cyndi Lauper, whose recording of \"\"All Through the Night\"\" reached number 5 on the \"\"Billboard\"\" Hot 100 in 1984, and The Bangles, whose recording of \"\"If She Knew What She Wants\"\" reached number 29 in 1986. In 1988, singer-songwriter Iain Matthews (still using the spelling \"\"Ian\"\" for his first name at the time) recorded an album of Shear's material, \"\"Walking A Changing Line: The Songs of Jules Shear\"\", with synthesizer-dominated arrangements. Some of these Jules Shear songs were previously unreleased. Matthews previously recorded Jules Shear songs on other albums. Shear was the subject", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 14 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8579982", "chunk_text": "\"If You Asked Me To\"\nIf You Asked Me To \"\"If You Asked Me To\"\" is a song written by American songwriter Diane Warren. It was originally recorded by American singer Patti LaBelle for her ninth studio album \"\"Be Yourself\"\" (1989), and also for the soundtrack to the James Bond film, \"\"Licence to Kill\"\". The lyrics are from the point of view of a woman who pleads to her significant other: \"\"If you asked me to, I just might change my mind, and let you in my life forever.\"\" Three years later, Canadian singer Celine Dion covered \"\"If You Asked Me To\"\" for her 1992", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 15 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2757264", "chunk_text": "\"If I Wanted To\"\nIf I Wanted To \"\"If I Wanted To\"\" is a song by American singer, Melissa Etheridge. It was released in 1995 as the final single from Etheridge's 1993 studio album, \"\"Yes I Am\"\". \"\"If I Wanted To\"\", which was released as the two-sided single \"\"If I Wanted To / Like the Way I Do\"\", debuted on the Billboard Hot 100 in February 1995 at No. 25, making it the highest-debuting single of 1995. The single's debut was the best for any song since Boyz II Men's \"\"On Bended Knee\"\" debuted at No. 14 in November 1994. Fred Bronson of \"\"Billboard\"\"", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 16 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6011847", "chunk_text": "\"Love, Need and Want You\"\nLove, Need and Want You \"\"Love, Need and Want You\"\" is a song recorded by American singer Patti LaBelle from her sixth studio album, \"\"I'm in Love Again\"\" (1983). The song is a mid-tempo R&B number written and produced for LaBelle by Bunny Sigler and Kenny Gamble, and was released in 1984 as the album's second single. Following the success of her breakthrough R&B hit, \"\"If Only You Knew\"\", the song peaked at number 10 on the US \"\"Billboard\"\" R&B chart. Like \"\"If Only You Knew\"\", the song features LaBelle singing the song at her mid-range whereas in previous songs", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 17 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15748396", "chunk_text": "\"If You Asked Me To\"\ntheir version of the song for the film \"\"Unofficially Yours\"\". If You Asked Me To \"\"If You Asked Me To\"\" is a song written by American songwriter Diane Warren. It was originally recorded by American singer Patti LaBelle for her ninth studio album \"\"Be Yourself\"\" (1989), and also for the soundtrack to the James Bond film, \"\"Licence to Kill\"\". The lyrics are from the point of view of a woman who pleads to her significant other: \"\"If you asked me to, I just might change my mind, and let you in my life forever.\"\" Three years later, Canadian singer Celine", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 18 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7973524", "chunk_text": "\"Cynthia Biggs\"\ncontinuing to write music for them after she graduated. Her original music garnered attention during the group's performances, leading to the offer to sign an exclusive songwriter's contract with Philadelphia International Records' Mighty Three Music Group in 1974. Cynthia Biggs Cynthia Biggs, lawfully known as Cynthia Biggs El, is a [Moorish American] songwriter, producer, publisher and vocalist who wrote music and lyrics for the Philadelphia International Records label. Her main collaborations were with composers Dexter Wansel, Bruce Hawes, and Theodore Wortham. Cynthia has more than 350 songwriting credits including Patti LaBelle's 1983 single \"\"If Only You Knew,\"\" which reached number", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 19 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "684214", "chunk_text": "\"Love, Need and Want You\"\nher album \"\"Jackie\"\". Love, Need and Want You \"\"Love, Need and Want You\"\" is a song recorded by American singer Patti LaBelle from her sixth studio album, \"\"I'm in Love Again\"\" (1983). The song is a mid-tempo R&B number written and produced for LaBelle by Bunny Sigler and Kenny Gamble, and was released in 1984 as the album's second single. Following the success of her breakthrough R&B hit, \"\"If Only You Knew\"\", the song peaked at number 10 on the US \"\"Billboard\"\" R&B chart. Like \"\"If Only You Knew\"\", the song features LaBelle singing the song at her mid-range whereas", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 20 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "610049", "chunk_text": "\"Shelly Peiken\"\nShelly Peiken Shelly Meg Peiken is an American songwriter who is best known for co-writing the US #1 hits \"\"What A Girl Wants\"\" and \"\"Come On Over Baby (All I Want Is You)\"\" by Christina Aguilera the US #2 hit \"\"Bitch\"\" by Meredith Brooks, and the US #16 hit \"\"Almost Doesn't Count\"\" by Brandy. She has also written for or with Britney Spears, Natasha Bedingfield, Keith Urban, Celine Dion, Cher, Reba McEntire, Laura Pausini, NSYNC, Miley Cyrus, Ed Sheeran, Aaliyah, Selena Gomez, Idina Menzel and Demi Lovato. Shelly Peiken grew up in Freeport, Long Island where she became interested in", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 21 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20415790", "chunk_text": "\"Give the Lady What She Wants\"\npreviously only available on the EP \"\"At the Cocoanut Grove\"\". Give the Lady What She Wants Give the Lady What She Wants is a 1958 studio album by Lena Horne, with Lennie Hayton and His Orchestra. The third studio album Lena Horne released on the RCA Victor label, this album peaked at #20 in the Billboard 200 album charts. The album has been re-issued on CD, firstly by BMG/RCA, Japan in 2004 and in 2010 by Avid Easy Records, together with two other studio albums, \"\"Stormy Weather\"\" and \"\"A Friend of Yours\"\". This 2CD release also includes the live RCA", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 22 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7973523", "chunk_text": "\"Cynthia Biggs\"\nCynthia Biggs Cynthia Biggs, lawfully known as Cynthia Biggs El, is a [Moorish American] songwriter, producer, publisher and vocalist who wrote music and lyrics for the Philadelphia International Records label. Her main collaborations were with composers Dexter Wansel, Bruce Hawes, and Theodore Wortham. Cynthia has more than 350 songwriting credits including Patti LaBelle's 1983 single \"\"If Only You Knew,\"\" which reached number 1 on \"\"Billboard\"\" magazine's Top 100 R&B Singles chart for four consecutive weeks in January 1984. Born near North Carolina territory, Cynthia was three when her family moved near Philadelphia territory. She joined her high school's gospel choir,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 23 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11448654", "chunk_text": "\"The Heart Wants What It Wants\"\nThe Heart Wants What It Wants \"\"The Heart Wants What It Wants\"\" is a song by American singer Selena Gomez. It was released on November 6, 2014, through Hollywood Records, as the lead and only single from her compilation album \"\"For You\"\" (2014). The song was written by Gomez, Antonina Armato, David Jost and Tim James. Armato and James, who collectively form the production duo Rock Mafia, also produced the song. A mid-tempo pop and R&B track with a minimal electropop beat, its accompanying music video was premiered on November 6, 2014, alongside the premiere of the song itself. It", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 24 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3598622", "chunk_text": "\"If It's All Right With You/Just What I've Been Looking For\"\nIf It's All Right With You/Just What I've Been Looking For If It's Alright With You/Just What I've Been Looking For is a 1974 RCA Records release by Dottie West. This album was clearly an attempt to introduce West, then a veteran country star for ten years, to the pop market, her first recording specifically aimed at crossover music appeal, with strings arrangements and pop love ballads. The album was also released in the quadrophonic disc format in a bid for appeal to audiophiles. The album produced two singles, the title songs \"\"If It's Alright With You\"\" and \"\"Just What", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 25 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14874082", "chunk_text": "\"Think of Laura\"\n/ I know she'd want it that way\"\". The song has been covered by American R&B group Boyz II Men, their version entitled \"\"The Aaliyah Song\"\", as a tribute to the late singer Aaliyah. Think of Laura \"\"Think of Laura\"\" is a popular song by the American Grammy Award-winning singer-songwriter Christopher Cross. Released as a single in late 1983 from Cross' second studio album, \"\"Another Page\"\", \"\"Think of Laura\"\" became the singer's fourth (and, to date, final) single to reach the Top 10 on the \"\"Billboard\"\" Hot 100 chart, where it peaked at #9 in early 1984. The song spent", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 26 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5406434", "chunk_text": "\"Tamar Simon Hoffs\"\nHoffs has also directed and produced numerous music videos, notably The Bangles' \"\"Going Down to Liverpool\"\" and \"\"If She Knew What She Wants\"\" (Columbia Records, 1984). In the theater, Hoffs directed the play \"\"Ghost Music\"\", with Pam Grier and Nick Cassavetes (Beyond Baroque Theater, 1984). Hoffs is a member of the Directors Guild of America, the Writers Guild of America, west and the Alliance of Women Directors. She is married to Joshua Allen Hoffs, MD, and has three children, John, Jesse, and Susanna Hoffs of The Bangles. Tamar Simon Hoffs Tamar Simon Hoffs (\"\"nee\"\" Tamar Ruth Simon; October 23, 1934)", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 27 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4425343", "chunk_text": "\"Jules Shear\"\nhighly polished, synthesizer-heavy effort, produced by Bill Drescher (of Rick Springfield fame). The album opened with \"\"If She Knew What She Wants\"\", which The Bangles would make into a hit. It also featured what would prove to be Shear's only hit single under his own name, \"\"Steady\"\" which he wrote in collaboration with Cyndi Lauper. The single reached No. 48 in the U.S. Shear would go on to form two more bands, Reckless Sleepers and Raisins in the Sun. He also conceived (and hosted the first 13 episodes of) the MTV series \"\"Unplugged\"\". His songs have been more commercially successful", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 28 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "396574", "chunk_text": "\"She Wants You\"\nShe Wants You \"\"She Wants You\"\" is a song originally recorded by Slovak singer Dara Rolins. The composition written by Timothy Lawson and Pamela Sheyne was released on BMG-Ariola and issued on her studio album \"\"What You See is What You Get\"\" in 1996. \"\"She Wants You\"\" is a single by English singer-turned-actress Billie Piper. The single reached number three on the UK Singles Chart, becoming her third consecutive top-three hit. The single also reached number four in New Zealand and is Billie's only song to chart on any US \"\"Billboard\"\" chart, peaking at number nine on the Hot Dance", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 29 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2576175", "chunk_text": "\"The Heart Wants What It Wants\"\nShe commented that the use of wings was \"\"pretty empowering.\"\" After her presentation at the American Music Awards, the song went to number one on the Billboard Twitter Real-Time, position it had occupied in its release. Recording and management Personnel Credits adapted from \"\"For You\"\" liner notes. The Heart Wants What It Wants \"\"The Heart Wants What It Wants\"\" is a song by American singer Selena Gomez. It was released on November 6, 2014, through Hollywood Records, as the lead and only single from her compilation album \"\"For You\"\" (2014). The song was written by Gomez, Antonina Armato, David Jost", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 30 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20033883", "chunk_text": "\"She'd Give Anything (song)\"\nShe'd Give Anything (song) \"\"She'd Give Anything\"\" is a song written by Jeffrey Steele, Chris Farren, Julian Williams and Vince Melamed and recorded by American country music group Boy Howdy. It was released in October 1993 as the first single and title track from their EP \"\"She'd Give Anything\"\". The song reached number 4 on the \"\"Billboard\"\" Hot Country Singles & Tracks chart in January 1994. The song is about a woman who is dissatisfied with her current love life. \"\"She is dating, but no one she cares to talk about\"\". She wants a more meaningful relationship than what she", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 31 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10185680", "chunk_text": "\"Whatever You Want (Tina Turner song)\"\nWhatever You Want (Tina Turner song) \"\"Whatever You Want\"\" is a song performed by American recording artist Tina Turner from her ninth studio album \"\"Wildest Dreams\"\" (1996). It was written by Arthur Baker, Fred Zarr, and Taylor Dayne and is noted for its different levels of energy and strong vocal performance, as well as its orchestral arrangement and complex production, courtesy of producer Trevor Horn. The song was released as the lead single from the album and was the opening number on her Wildest Dreams Tour (1996). The song became a moderate success on the charts, reaching top ten in", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 32 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19022384", "chunk_text": "\"What If (Colbie Caillat song)\"\nWhat If (Colbie Caillat song) \"\"What If\"\" is a song recorded by American recording artist Colbie Caillat. It was written by Caillat, Rick Nowels and Jason Reeves, and produced by John Shanks. The song was released as a promotional single from the soundtrack of the film Letters to Juliet and later was included on her third studio album \"\"All of You\"\". \"\"What If\"\" was included on the soundtrack of the film \"\"Letters to Juliet\"\", on May 14, 2011 as a \"\"brand new track\"\", alongside her other song \"\"You Got Me\"\", which is on her second album \"\"Breakthrough\"\". Only, on July", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 33 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18037888", "chunk_text": "\"Give You What You Like\"\nGive You What You Like \"\"Give You What You Like\"\" is a song recorded by Canadian singer-songwriter Avril Lavigne from her self-titled fifth studio album released in 2013. It was written by Lavigne with her husband Chad Kroeger and David Hodges. The song has been praised by critics for expanding Lavigne's musical diversity and exposing her to new genres of music and is the sixth track on the album. Musically, \"\"Give You What You Like\"\" is a folk-pop song with lyrics that describe combating loneliness through swapping sex. On 30 March 2014, Lavigne confirmed that \"\"Give You What You Like\"\"", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 34 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13831426", "chunk_text": "\"I Know What You Want\"\nI Know What You Want \"\"I Know What You Want\"\" is a song written by rapper Busta Rhymes, and produced by Rick Rock for Rhymes' eighth album \"\"It Ain't Safe No More...\"\" (2002). The song is a duet with American singer Mariah Carey, and was co-written by Rah Digga, Rampage, Rick Rock and Spliff Star. It also includes a rap from Rhymes' group, the Flipmode Squad: Spliff Star, Baby Sham, Rah Digga, and Rampage. It was released as the second single from \"\"It Ain't Safe No More\"\" in 2003 and was a hit across the world, peaking at number 3", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 35 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3598624", "chunk_text": "\"If It's All Right With You/Just What I've Been Looking For\"\nwas produced by Jerry Bradley. If It's All Right With You/Just What I've Been Looking For If It's Alright With You/Just What I've Been Looking For is a 1974 RCA Records release by Dottie West. This album was clearly an attempt to introduce West, then a veteran country star for ten years, to the pop market, her first recording specifically aimed at crossover music appeal, with strings arrangements and pop love ballads. The album was also released in the quadrophonic disc format in a bid for appeal to audiophiles. The album produced two singles, the title songs \"\"If It's Alright", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 36 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9981114", "chunk_text": "\"If Only You Knew\"\nIf Only You Knew \"\"If Only You Knew\"\" was a single written and produced primarily by Dexter Wansel and Cynthia Biggs for American singer Patti LaBelle's sixth solo album, \"\"I'm in Love Again\"\". It was released as the album's official first single in 1983, spending four weeks at number one on the U.S. R&B charts during January and February 1984, and reached number forty-six on the \"\"Billboard\"\" Hot 100, marking her first crossover pop hit. By 1982, Patti LaBelle had a 20-year career in music experiencing minor and major success, first with her longtime group, Patti LaBelle and the Bluebelles", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 37 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "276696", "chunk_text": "\"Whatever U Want\"\nsong achieved a similar lack of success in most countries. However, the song peaked within the top ten of the charts in the United Kingdom and topped the country's R&B chart, making Britain the only country in which the song became a major success. These are the formats and track listings of major single-releases of \"\"Whatever U Want.\"\" Whatever U Want \"\"Whatever U Want\"\" is a song by American singer Christina Milian. It was written by Bradley Spalter, Lambert Waldrip II, Aleese Simmons, Andre Mortion, Khaleef Chiles, James Banks and Henderson Thigpen and produced by Bradley & Stereo for Milian's", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 38 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4425348", "chunk_text": "\"Jules Shear\"\nguitar to an open G, but with an E in the bass, equivalent to an E minor seventh chord. The guitar is not strung left-hand style (with the strings installed in reverse order), but is held upside down, with the fretting hand's thumb wrapped down over the upper edge of the neck, barring across the strings, and the low E being at the thumb's tip. Jules Shear Jules Mark Shear (born March 7, 1952) is an American singer, songwriter, and guitarist. He wrote the Cyndi Lauper hit single \"\"All Through the Night\"\" and The Bangles' hit \"\"If She Knew What", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 39 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16433230", "chunk_text": "\"If Your Girl Only Knew\"\nIf Your Girl Only Knew \"\"If Your Girl Only Knew\"\" is a song written by Missy Elliott and Timbaland for Aaliyah's second studio album, \"\"One in a Million\"\" (1996). It also was produced by Timbaland, and released as the album's lead single during the third quarter of 1996 (see 1996 in music). The song was re-released in 1997 as a limited edition double A-side single with the single, \"\"One in a Million\"\". While discussing the musical direction for her second studio album \"\"One In A Million\"\" Aaliyah stated in an interview with \"\"Billboard\"\", \"\"I wanted to maintain my smooth street", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 40 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10811179", "chunk_text": "\"Tina Arena\"\nin Belgium. Arena toured the US from March 1999, to promote the album's local release, as well as another single, \"\"If I Was a River\"\", which did peak in the UK top 40. Sony attempted to \"\"break\"\" Arena into the US market by the release of \"\"If I Was a River\"\", penned by Diane Warren. Ruhlmann felt the label had an \"\"obvious plan is to turn her into a down-under Celine Dion\"\" however the album and its singles \"\"had no commercial impact upon release in the U.S.\"\" and \"\"must be considered a disappointment.\"\" Her US foray included appearances on TV", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 41 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13152641", "chunk_text": "\"21 Things I Want in a Lover\"\nthe 21 things she wants in a lover, \"\"not necessarily needs but qualities that [she] prefer[s].\"\" Sal Cinquemani of \"\"Slant Magazine\"\" noted that the song \"\"is structured in Morissette's distinct listy lyrical fashion,\"\" citing the line \"\"Do you have a big intellectual capacity but know that is does not equate wisdom?\"\" as an example. For Nikki Tranter of \"\"PopMatters\"\", the song \"\"details exactly what Alanis is looking for in her perfect guy. According to the song, this guy would be eloquent and intelligent, sexually experimental and politically aware, self-deprecating and adventurous, athletic and free of addictions.\"\" Ethan Browne of \"\"Metro", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 42 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11448657", "chunk_text": "\"The Heart Wants What It Wants\"\nwritten by Selena Gomez, Antonina Armato, David Jost and Tim James. It is a midtempo pop and R&B song, that contains a minimal electropop beat complete with finger snaps, ominous synths and haunting groans. Several critics noted the reminiscence of the song to the works by singers Lorde and Lana Del Rey. Lyrically, Gomez details being in love with a bad boy despite knowing he may not be a stand-up guy. She sings, \"\"The bed's getting cold and you're not here / The future that we hold is so unclear / But I'm not alive until you call / And", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 43 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19589688", "chunk_text": "\"If You Know What I Mean\"\nIf You Know What I Mean \"\"If You Know What I Mean\"\" is a song written and recorded by Neil Diamond. The song is a track from Diamond's 1976 album, \"\"Beautiful Noise\"\", and was Diamond's third number one on the Easy Listening chart, where it spent two weeks. \"\"If You Know What I Mean\"\" went to number one for two nonconsecutive weeks and peaked at number eleven on the \"\"Billboard\"\" Hot 100. In Canada, the song reached number 19 on the pop singles chart and hit number one on the Adult Contemporary chart. Diamond has stated that the song is", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 44 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10123308", "chunk_text": "\"Whatever Lola Wants\"\nWhatever Lola Wants \"\"Whatever Lola Wants\"\" is a popular song, sometimes rendered as \"\"Whatever Lola Wants, Lola Gets\"\". The music and words were written by Richard Adler and Jerry Ross for the 1955 musical play \"\"Damn Yankees\"\". The song is sung by Lola, the Devil's assistant, a part originated by Gwen Verdon, who reprised the role in the film. The saying was inspired by Lola Montez, an Irish-born \"\"Spanish dancer\"\" and mistress of King Ludwig I of Bavaria, who later became a San Francisco Gold Rush vamp. \"\"Whatever Lola Wants\"\" is the title of an episode of the 2005 television", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 45 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16193367", "chunk_text": "\"Feel What You Want\"\nFeel What You Want \"\"Feel What You Want\"\" is a 1994 single by American club music singer Kristine W. The song appears on the album \"\"Land of the Living\"\". Kristine wrote \"\"Feel What You Want\"\" with Rollo and Rob Dougan. When asked in an interview about how she came up with this song, she said: \"\"Feel What You Want\"\" was featured on the soundtrack of \"\"\"\" on the Rise FM radio station. \"\"Billboard\"\" wrote about the song: \"\"After being the center of a fierce major-label bidding war, this European dance/pop smash is finally available domestically—and the odds are mighty good", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 46 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16485270", "chunk_text": "\"Powerless (Say What You Want)\"\nscreens in different parts of a city, showing the movements of the modern life. Powerless (Say What You Want) \"\"Powerless (Say What You Want)\"\" is a pop song written by Nelly Furtado, Gerald Eaton and Brian West for Furtado's second studio album, \"\"Folklore\"\" (2003). It contains a sample of Malcolm McLaren's \"\"Buffalo Gals\"\" which was written by Anne Dudley, Trevor Horn and Malcolm McLaren. It was produced by Furtado and Track & Field and was chosen to be the lead single from the album, released in December 2003. Banjo player Béla Fleck appears on the track. \"\"Powerless\"\" addresses how Furtado", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 47 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11633393", "chunk_text": "\"Diane Drake\"\nDiane Drake Diane Drake is an American screenwriter and teacher, and former Vice President of Creative Affairs for Sydney Pollack's production company, Mirage Enterprises. She lives in Los Angeles and is best known for the films \"\"Only You\"\" and \"\"What Women Want\"\". Drake was born and grew up in the San Fernando Valley of Los Angeles, California. She studied Communications/Visual Arts at the University of California, San Diego. Diane Drake worked for Sydney Pollack's production company, Mirage Enterprises, from 1988-1992, rising to the position of Vice President of Creative Affairs. Drake began writing screenplays in 1991. Her first screenplay, \"\"Dog", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 48 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18204891", "chunk_text": "\"What You Want (Evanescence song)\"\nWhat You Want (Evanescence song) \"\"What You Want\"\" is a song by American rock band Evanescence. It was released as the lead single from the band's third eponymous album on August 9, 2011 through Wind-up Records. The song was written by Amy Lee, Terry Balsamo and Tim McCord and produced by Nick Raskulinecz. Lee described \"\"What You Want\"\" as a departure from the band's previous sound and said she was inspired to write the song by several experiences she had with her fans. Musically \"\"What You Want\"\" contains a variety of musical elements and it uses drums, guitars, synthesizers and", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 49 } ]
test_3441	where does the last name tavarez come from?	n/a	[ "Spanish" ]	[]	n/a	n/a	n/a	[]	[ { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15378521", "chunk_text": "\"Tavares, Florida\"\nTavares, Florida Tavares (pronounced tuh-vair-ees) is a city in the central portion of the U.S. state of Florida. It is the county seat of Lake County. The population in 2015 was 14,583, with a total of 5,000 households and an average household income of $40,000. It is part of the Orlando–Kissimmee–Sanford Metropolitan Statistical Area. The name is a popular Portuguese surname and toponym. The city was founded in 1880 by Alexander St. Clair-Abrams, a newspaper and railroad man from a Creole family in New Orleans. He gave it the surname of a Portuguese ancestor. In 1883 a post office was", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 0 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19603325", "chunk_text": "\"António Raposo Tavares\"\nRiver) and the Andean slopes, and from there to Belém, at the mouth of the Amazon. Raposo Tavares was partly of Jewish origin according to the Jewish historian Anita Novinsky. Tavares was born in São Miguel do Pinheiro, Alentejo, Portugal in 1598. He sailed for South America in 1618 with his father Fernão Vieira Tavares. In 1622, after his father died, he settled around São Paulo; six years later, in 1628, he left the village with the first \"\"bandeira\"\" composed of 900 settlers and 2000 Tupi warriors. This voyage was started to hunt the heretics down and to capture more", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 1 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15689446", "chunk_text": "\"García (surname)\"\nname of Edith Piaf, born Edith Gassion). Other theories suggest that García is of Germanic origin and may derive from \"\"wars\"\" meaning \"\"young warrior\"\" or the Visigothic words \"\"garxa\"\" and \"\"garcha\"\" meaning \"\"graceful prince\"\". \"\"García\"\" is the most common surname in Spain (where 3.32% of population is named \"\"García\"\") and also the second most common surname in Mexico and Cuba. In the 1990 United States Census, \"\"Garcia\"\" was the 18th most reported surname, accounting for 0.25% of the population. It became more common since then, jumping to 8th place in 2000. Quite rare before the 1st World War in France,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 2 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "346575", "chunk_text": "\"Peña (surname)\"\nPeña (surname) Peña or de la Peña is a Spanish habitation surname. The origin of the surname can be traced directly to the Middle Ages. The earliest public record of the surname dates to the 13th century in the Valley de Mena (Burgos) in the Kingdom of Castile. The origin of the last name is in present-day Galicia, Spain. The Peñas lived, originally, near a cliff or rocky land. Records indicate that the name derives from the Spanish word \"\"peña\"\" meaning \"\"rock,\"\" \"\"crag\"\" or \"\"cliff.\"\" The bearers of this surname proved their noble descent in the Order of Saint James", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 3 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18309779", "chunk_text": "Vasquez\nalso adopted this surname. In Colombia and Argentina, there have been instances of \"\"Watzke\"\" and \"\"Watzka\"\" families, of German-Czech descent, Hispanicizing their surnames to \"\"Vasquez\"\". The surname was chosen as being the one most closely resembling their former name; in Italy a similar phenomenon was noted with some \"\"Watzke\"\" changing to \"\"Vasco\"\". There are also Spanish cognate surnames Velasco or Velázquez. Vasquez Vázquez (also spelled Vásquez, Vasques), in non Spanish-speaking countries often as Vazquez or Vasquez, is an originally Galician surname, in use not only in Galicia but all over Spanish-speaking world. To a lesser extent it also occurs in", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 4 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "913942", "chunk_text": "\"House of Sáenz de Oiza (surname)\"\nHouse of Sáenz de Oiza (surname) House of Sáenz de Oiza (surname) The name derives from the name Saenz, Saens, as Sainz and Saez. This is because in ancient chronicles and documents the members of the same family were sometimes cited as Saenz or Saez, so it is sometimes considered to be the same surname. The Saenz house name appears on the work of Joseph Maria Mena, \"\"Surname Shields of Seville and Cordoba that went to the Indias\"\". The surnames of Seville come mostly from the two hundred knights of lineage that recaptured Seville in 1248, accompanying the king San", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 5 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2827306", "chunk_text": "\"Jiménez (surname)\"\nJiménez (surname) Jiménez (Galician and Portuguese: Ximenes, Catalan: Ximenis or Eiximenis) is a surname of Iberian origin, first appearing in the Basque lands. Jiménez is a patronymic construction from the modern-styled given name \"\"Jimeno\"\", plus the Spanish suffix \"\"-ez\"\", meaning \"\"son [of]\"\". The root appears to stem from Basque \"\"semen\"\" ('son'), attested in the Aquitanian inscriptions as \"\"Sembeconnis\"\" and like forms. Variants of the surname include the archaic Ximénez, Ximenes, as well as Giménez, Gimenes, Jimenes, Chiménez, Chimenes, Seménez and Semenes. In Spanish orthography, the variations of \"\"Jiménez\"\" that end with a \"\"z\"\" are written with an acute accent on", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 6 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15651054", "chunk_text": "\"Covarrubias (surname)\"\nCovarrubias (surname) Covarrubias is a surname in the Spanish language. It is a surname that indicates place of origin, in particular, in the village and municipality of Covarrubias (province of Burgos, Spain), village that was founded in the 7th century by the visigothic king Chindasuinth. It is compounded of the words \"\"cova\"\" (cave), \"\"ruber\"\" (red) and the suffix \"\"ia\"\" (that has the quality of), meaning \"\"the cave that is red\"\" or simply \"\"red cave\"\". The familiar coat of arms of this surname was described in 1592 by A. Sales, according to the \"\"Book of Armoria\"\". This description is for a", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 7 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20903982", "chunk_text": "\"Deniz (surname)\"\nDeniz (surname) Déniz or Deniz (also written Denis in some parts of South America, see Denis) is a Spanish-Portuguese surname derived from the French surname De Niz. People with Déniz surnames can be found mostly in the Canary Islands, Azores, Madeira and in the Americas (USA, Cuba, etc.). It is sometimes confused with the Turkish name \"\"Deniz\"\", but they have different origins, pronunciation and meaning: \"\"De Niz\"\" in French, Spanish and Portuguese means \"\"from Niz\"\", where \"\"Niz\"\" is a defunct spelling variation of the name of the French city Nice. \"\"De Nice\"\" was written Déniz in Spanish and Portuguese. People", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 8 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15925500", "chunk_text": "\"Manuel Gregorio Tavárez\"\nManuel Gregorio Tavárez Manuel Gregorio Tavárez Ropero (November 16, 1843 – July 1, 1883), was Puerto Rico's classical and danza composer. He has been called \"\"The Chopin of America\"\". Tavárez was born in San Juan, Puerto Rico, the son of a French father and a Puerto Rican mother. San Juan was the city where he first began his musical studies. His first musical mentors were José Cabrizas and Domingo Delgado. Tavárez was a student of Gonzalo de J. Núñez (1850 – 1915), whose students also included the internationally-known musicians and composers Juan Morel Campos and Arístides Chavier Arévalo. Tavárez became", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 9 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15651056", "chunk_text": "\"Covarrubias (surname)\"\nbe used by his progeny. In accordance with the \"\"Book of Armoria\"\", the coat of arms of this branch of the Covarrubias settled in Cocentaina consists in a quartered Spanish shield, of the following characteristics and tinctures: Some famous people named Covarrubias are: Covarrubias (surname) Covarrubias is a surname in the Spanish language. It is a surname that indicates place of origin, in particular, in the village and municipality of Covarrubias (province of Burgos, Spain), village that was founded in the 7th century by the visigothic king Chindasuinth. It is compounded of the words \"\"cova\"\" (cave), \"\"ruber\"\" (red) and the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 10 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11901241", "chunk_text": "Nabarro\nNabarro Nabarro is a Spanish surname with the following spelling variations: Navarro (21st most common surname in Spain), Navaro, Navarijo, Najara, Najera, and de Najera. The formation of the surname suggests it to be a location surname originating in the ancient Kingdom of Navarre, formerly the Kingdom of Pamplona, which is a territory under the influence of Basque culture. Location surnames are thought to be due to the migration tendency in Europe during the Middle Ages to easily identify arrivals. The first recorded spelling of the family name is shown to be that of Francisco Navarro, which was dated January", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 11 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4923785", "chunk_text": "\"Mejía (surname)\"\nMejía (surname) Mejía is a Spanish surname. Several theories exist as to its origins and etymology. The prevailing belief is that the name has Galician origins. The surname is most common in Spain and Latin American countries, including Colombia and Mexico. The surname may have originated as a toponym for the town of Muxia in Galicia, an autonomous community in north-western Spain. Another idea is that the word \"\"Mexia\"\" used to mean \"\"medicine\"\" in an old variant of Spanish, and that this is where the surname came from. One common belief is that the name may have Sephardic origins, from", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 12 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "247488", "chunk_text": "\"Alegría (surname)\"\nAlegría (surname) Alegría is a Spanish surname native of the Basque Country, Spain. While some authors place the origin of this lineage in Navarre and Vitoria , most writers take as true that its origin comes from the natives of Alegría de Oria, district of Tolosa, in the province of Guipuzkoa . Branches from the very old houses of the Basque Country and Navarre went to other places in Spain, as some of their knights went to Andalusia to serve the Catholic Monarchs in the conquest of Granada. Others went to Murcia and settled in the town of Totana. The", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 13 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2229048", "chunk_text": "\"González (surname)\"\nGonzález (surname) González is a Spanish surname. In Spain, González is the second most common surname with 2.08% of the population having this surname. González is also a common surname in Latin America. It is one of the five most common surnames in Argentina, Chile, Mexico, Paraguay, and Venezuela, making it one of the most common surnames in the Spanish-speaking world. In the United States, González ranked as the 13th most common surname in 2017. González is of Spanish origin, deriving from the Visigothic / ancient Germanic term for a castle, \"\"gunþo(guntho)-salaz\"\" meaning \"\"war hall\"\", as evidenced by the castle", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 14 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5346730", "chunk_text": "\"Tavares, Florida\"\na fixed-route transportation service that runs every hour from Lady Lake to Mount Dora with circulator routes in Leesburg and Mount Dora. Tavares, Florida Tavares (pronounced tuh-vair-ees) is a city in the central portion of the U.S. state of Florida. It is the county seat of Lake County. The population in 2015 was 14,583, with a total of 5,000 households and an average household income of $40,000. It is part of the Orlando–Kissimmee–Sanford Metropolitan Statistical Area. The name is a popular Portuguese surname and toponym. The city was founded in 1880 by Alexander St. Clair-Abrams, a newspaper and railroad man", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 15 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20036987", "chunk_text": "Tzavaras\nSouth America there is also a recorded presence of people with the family name, both in Buenos Aires, Argentina and Antofagasta, Chile. Tzavaras According to genealogical researchers the surname Tzavaras (Greek: Τζαβάρας) can be classified as of patronymic / nickname origin. It is either the Hellenization of the Albanian word \"\"çanavar\"\" which means \"\"monster\"\" or \"\"brave\"\", but within a historical context would signify “mercenary” and later on “jannisary”; or a Byzantine compound surname made up of the prefix \"\"dia\"\" (\"\"tza\"\"), with a general meaning of “through”, but here understood as “origin” or “from”; and the term \"\"baros\"\" meaning “heavy”, but", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 16 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14266113", "chunk_text": "\"Alegría (surname)\"\nsurname then spread to Latin America mostly coming from Navarra. Notable people with the surname include: Alegría (surname) Alegría is a Spanish surname native of the Basque Country, Spain. While some authors place the origin of this lineage in Navarre and Vitoria , most writers take as true that its origin comes from the natives of Alegría de Oria, district of Tolosa, in the province of Guipuzkoa . Branches from the very old houses of the Basque Country and Navarre went to other places in Spain, as some of their knights went to Andalusia to serve the Catholic Monarchs in", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 17 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18309778", "chunk_text": "Vasquez\nVasquez Vázquez (also spelled Vásquez, Vasques), in non Spanish-speaking countries often as Vazquez or Vasquez, is an originally Galician surname, in use not only in Galicia but all over Spanish-speaking world. To a lesser extent it also occurs in Portuguese-speaking countries, where Vasco as surname predominates. Vasquez means \"\"[son] of Vasco\"\" and Vasco comes from the pre-Roman latinized name \"\"Velascus\"\" - a name of uncertain origin and meaning, but probably meaning Basque or Iberian. In Galician-Portuguese the pre-Roman name becomes Velascu > Veascu > Vaasco > Vasco. It is known that in some Spanish-speaking countries, families of non-Iberian ancestry have", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 18 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10578638", "chunk_text": "\"Pereira (surname)\"\nPereira (surname) Pereira is a common surname in the Portuguese and Galician languages, common mostly in Portugal, the Galicia region of Spain, Brazil, other regions of the former Portuguese Empire, among Galician descendants in Spanish-speaking Latin America and by adoption also common among Sephardic Jews of Portuguese origin throughout the Sephardic Jewish diaspora. Currently, it is one of the most common surnames in North America and Europe. It was originally a noble Christian toponym of the Middle Ages, taken from the feudal possession of Pereira, Portugal, which in Portuguese means 'pear tree'. The name also exists in variations such as", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 19 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1138728", "chunk_text": "Astete\nAstete Astete is a Spanish surname, from an ancient Basque - Castilian lineage. The etymology of \"\"Astete\"\" comes from the Basque language: \"\"Aste\"\" possibly a variation of \"\"Arte\"\" means oak, and \"\"ete\"\" is a suffix to nearby location. The most probable original locations, prior to the 16th century, are the regions of ancient Basque influence of the medieval Castile (such as La Bureba and the mountains of Burgos) and modern La Rioja. The earliest official records of Astetes occur in La Rioja, in Santo Domingo de la Calzada, in the province of Valladolid and Quintanaélez in the province of Burgos.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 20 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6763410", "chunk_text": "Toledano\nThey arrived in Fez, Morocco during the 16th century from Salonika and from there went to Meknes and became leaders of the community from the 16th century until the present day. Toledano Toledano (, ) is a family name derived from the city of Toledo, Spain. Bearers of the name can be found mainly in Spanish-speaking countries, the United States, France, Canada, Israel, and Australia. Among Mizrahi Jews, and in particular Sephardi Jews in their various diasporas, the Toledano surname is still prevalent, indicating an ancestry traced back to Toledo, Spain. It should also be noted that the Toledano name", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 21 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11901242", "chunk_text": "Nabarro\n1, 1510. In the US, Nabarro ranked 37,299 as the most frequently occurring surname. Nabarro Nabarro is a Spanish surname with the following spelling variations: Navarro (21st most common surname in Spain), Navaro, Navarijo, Najara, Najera, and de Najera. The formation of the surname suggests it to be a location surname originating in the ancient Kingdom of Navarre, formerly the Kingdom of Pamplona, which is a territory under the influence of Basque culture. Location surnames are thought to be due to the migration tendency in Europe during the Middle Ages to easily identify arrivals. The first recorded spelling of the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 22 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "346577", "chunk_text": "\"Peña (surname)\"\ncalled Talpa, Jalisco and the other is Las Varas, Nayarit. They have been known to be wealthy property owners. People with surname de la Peña or Peña holding a title of nobility in Spain at present include: Peña (surname) Peña or de la Peña is a Spanish habitation surname. The origin of the surname can be traced directly to the Middle Ages. The earliest public record of the surname dates to the 13th century in the Valley de Mena (Burgos) in the Kingdom of Castile. The origin of the last name is in present-day Galicia, Spain. The Peñas lived, originally,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 23 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8232308", "chunk_text": "\"Monagas (surname)\"\nto Latin America, as a result their descendants can be found throughout South America and the Caribbean, particularly in Venezuela, Cuba and Puerto Rico. Monagas (surname) The last name \"\"Monagas\"\" is a Hispanicized version of the Irish surname Monaghan. The Monagas family originated in the Monaghan County in Ireland, the first use of the last name Monagas was in the 1600s when Irish officials immigrated to the Canary Islands (Spain), to aid Spanish soldiers in defending the new colony from pirates. After Spanish colonies were set up in South America, many of the descendants of Monaghan emigrated from the Canary", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 24 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13135394", "chunk_text": "\"Basque surnames\"\nBasque surnames Basque surnames refer to surnames with a Basque-language origin or a long, identifiable tradition in the Basque Country. They can be divided into two main types, patronymic and non-patronymic. The patronymics such as Munioitz, Santxez or Santxitz, and Diaitz (Spanish spellings: Muñoz, Sánchez, and Díaz) are the most common and ancient. The Basque monarchy, including the first king of Pamplona, Iñigo Iñigitz, or Eneko Aritza, were the first to use this type of surname. Patronymics are by far the most common surnames in the whole of the Basque Autonomic Community and Navarre. The non-patronymic surnames are often toponymic", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 25 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14813125", "chunk_text": "\"Caínzos\"\nCaínzos Caínzos or Cainzos are Spanish spellings for the Basque surname Gaintza (\"\"mountainous or pasturable land\"\") and placename; there are two small villages in the province of Gipuzkoa, the Basque Country, northern Spain, with this name. On 7 October 1629, María Cainzos-Come, daughter of Bartolomé Caínzos and María Come, was baptised at the church of \"\"Santa María de la Anunciación\"\", in Robladillo (this days, province of Valladolid). On 23 April 1693, María Francisca Gainza-Artaza, daughter of Diego Gainza and María Artaza, was baptised at the church of \"\"Santa Fe\"\", in Caparroso (province of Navarra). Over the centuries, there have been", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 26 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14168628", "chunk_text": "\"Juan Rodríguez Cabrillo\"\n\"\"Cabrilha\"\" originated. It became the surname Cabrilho and was pronounced at the time \"\"Cabrilhe\"\" in Galician and \"\"Cabrillo\"\" in Spanish, according to the historian João Soares Tavares, biographer of João Rodrigues Cabrilho. The name still exists in Portugal as a surname, and several localities named Cabril in Beira Alta and neighboring regions as Castro Daire, Viseu or Pampilhosa da Serra have been claimed as Cabrillo's birthplace. In Lapela there is an ancient house where local tradition claims he was born. Local people, and alleged local descendants of branches of his ancient family with the same surname (\"\"Rodrigues Cabrilho\"\"), call the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 27 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19415659", "chunk_text": "\"Albarreal de Tajo\"\nchanged its name to \"\"Alba Real\"\". The local nobility still use this title, and the lord is known as the Count of Alba Real. Albarreal de Tajo Albarreal de Tajo is a municipality located in the province of Toledo, Castile-La Mancha, Spain. According to the 2008 census (INE), the municipality has a population of 709 inhabitants. The root \"\"alba\"\" is probably derived from the Celtic roots \"\"albiga\"\" and \"\"albiganus\"\". The municipality was formerly known as \"\"Albala\"\", which is Arabic signifies \"\"the sewer.\"\" During the 11th century, it was called \"\"Albalat\"\", signifying in Arabic \"\"the walk\"\" or \"\"the path,\"\" and by", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 28 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10312913", "chunk_text": "\"Basque surnames\"\nspelling variants. Outside the Basque Country, Basque surnames are often found in Spain and France, the former Spanish colonies in parts of South America and the Philippines and parts of the United States such as Idaho where substantial numbers of Basques emigrated to. These are Basque surnames that are well-known or famous around the world. Basque surnames Basque surnames refer to surnames with a Basque-language origin or a long, identifiable tradition in the Basque Country. They can be divided into two main types, patronymic and non-patronymic. The patronymics such as Munioitz, Santxez or Santxitz, and Diaitz (Spanish spellings: Muñoz, Sánchez,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 29 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19703160", "chunk_text": "Andrade\n(559-570), through a document written in Latin called: \"\"Parrochiale suevum\"\", \"\"Parochiale suevorum\"\" or \"\"Theodomiri Divisio\"\". From the 12th century Pruzos, and therefore Andrade, were integrated into the county of Trastámara that belonged to the lineage \"\"Traba\"\", the most powerful Galician family. By this same time the family group: \"\"Fortúnez\"\", begins to unite their names Andrade as surname, since in this parish their family home was located. The knights of Andrade were faithful vassals of their lords the Counts of Trastámara throughout the middle centuries of the Middle Ages. There is a notable Jewish branch which originated in Portugal in the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 30 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8232307", "chunk_text": "\"Monagas (surname)\"\nMonagas (surname) The last name \"\"Monagas\"\" is a Hispanicized version of the Irish surname Monaghan. The Monagas family originated in the Monaghan County in Ireland, the first use of the last name Monagas was in the 1600s when Irish officials immigrated to the Canary Islands (Spain), to aid Spanish soldiers in defending the new colony from pirates. After Spanish colonies were set up in South America, many of the descendants of Monaghan emigrated from the Canary Islands and settled in the Viceroyalty of New Granada. When Spanish emigration peaked in the late 19th and early 20th centuries, many \"\"Monagases\"\" moved", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 31 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18947728", "chunk_text": "\"Valdés (surname)\"\ntimes the surname was taken by many families living in the area around Luarca, which make is difficult to establish demarcations between families of the time. By the 14th century, the surname had spread throughout the Kingdom of Castile, and later all of the Iberian peninsula. During the colonization of the Americas, the surname became established there, where many variations appeared, such as Valdez (by analogy with the Spanish patronymic \"\"-ez\"\"). The French surname Valdès or Vaudès, from Peter Valdes, founder of the Waldensian religious movement, is unrelated to the Spanish surname. Instead, it derived from the Latin \"\"Valdesius\"\", which", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 32 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15328114", "chunk_text": "\"Manuel Gregorio Tavárez\"\nPonce Citizens. Revista Instituto de Cultura Puertorriqueña (in Spanish) Manuel Gregorio Tavárez Manuel Gregorio Tavárez Ropero (November 16, 1843 – July 1, 1883), was Puerto Rico's classical and danza composer. He has been called \"\"The Chopin of America\"\". Tavárez was born in San Juan, Puerto Rico, the son of a French father and a Puerto Rican mother. San Juan was the city where he first began his musical studies. His first musical mentors were José Cabrizas and Domingo Delgado. Tavárez was a student of Gonzalo de J. Núñez (1850 – 1915), whose students also included the internationally-known musicians and composers", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 33 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16409141", "chunk_text": "\"Arismendi (surname)\"\nArismendi (surname) Arismendi is a Basque surname, formed from \"\"aritz\"\" (oak) + \"\"mendi\"\" (mountain), and thus meaning \"\"mountain of oaks\"\". The Basque people are indigenous to the area of northeast Spain and southwest France, a historical region known as the Basque Country. A branch of the family immigrated to Latin America. One of the first to do so was probably Juan Bernardo de Arismendi, who was from Fuenterrabía, Spain. He immigrated to present-day Venezuela, and was commander of the fortress in Araya during the second half of the 17th century. Through him, the Arismendi family became one of the most", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 34 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8863199", "chunk_text": "\"Abulafia (surname)\"\nAbulafia (surname) Abulafia ( ', ' or '; ') is a Sephardi Jewish surname whose etymological origin is in the Arabic language. The family name, like many other Arabic-origin Sephardic Jewish surnames, originated in Spain (Sefarad) among Spanish Jews (Sephardim) at a time during Spain's Islamic history, when it was ruled as Al-Andalus by Arabic-speaking Moors. To this day, the romanized version of the surname is most commonly \"\"Abulafia\"\". Other variations also exist, mostly in English transliterations, including Aboulafia, Abolafia, Abouelafia, Aboulafiya, Abulafiya, Aboulafiyya, etc. Etymologically, the surname is composed of the Arabic words: Together they form \"\"Abou l-Afiyya\"\" or", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 35 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2444892", "chunk_text": "\"Carballo (name)\"\nCarballo (name) Carballo is originally a (Spanish, Galician, Catalan and Basque), surname. The surname derived from both a (Galician) and (Portuguese) word meaning Oak, referring to the families settlement's surroundings of forest on mountainous terrain in A Coruña, Galicia, the north western part of Spain. Throughout the years the surname has become more frequent among other countries and the name has had variances in its spelling. It widely became renowned in the early 1600s in the Spanish colonization of the Americas or New Spain and greatly expanded during the 1800s. Spreading from South America, Central America, Mexico and North America,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 36 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14813127", "chunk_text": "\"Caínzos\"\nto arrive in South America but they were, and still are, related to some of the most powerful land owner families in Argentina Caínzos Caínzos or Cainzos are Spanish spellings for the Basque surname Gaintza (\"\"mountainous or pasturable land\"\") and placename; there are two small villages in the province of Gipuzkoa, the Basque Country, northern Spain, with this name. On 7 October 1629, María Cainzos-Come, daughter of Bartolomé Caínzos and María Come, was baptised at the church of \"\"Santa María de la Anunciación\"\", in Robladillo (this days, province of Valladolid). On 23 April 1693, María Francisca Gainza-Artaza, daughter of Diego", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 37 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3780878", "chunk_text": "Cruz\nCruz Cruz is a surname of Iberian origin, first found in Castile, Spain, but later spread throughout the territories of the former Spanish and Portuguese Empires. In Spanish and Portuguese, the word means \"\"cross\"\", either the Christian cross or the figure of transecting lines or ways. For example, in the Philippines, the adopted Tagalog word is rendered to \"\"krus\"\" in plain usage, but the Spanish spelling survives as a surname. The word \"\"Cruz\"\" (Spanish for \"\"Cross\"\"), as well as \"\"Vera Cruz\"\" (\"\"True Cross\"\") and \"\"Santa Cruz\"\" (\"\"Holy Cross\"\") are used as surnames and toponyms. Its origin as a surname particularly", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 38 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1160077", "chunk_text": "\"Costa (surname)\"\nCosta (surname) Costa (, , , , ), sometimes da Costa or Da Costa, is an Italian (particularly in Liguria, Piedmont and Sardinia), Portuguese, Galician, Spanish and Catalan surname. Because of colonization and immigration, it is found throughout Latin America, being particularly common in Brazil and Argentina. It is also a surname chosen by Jews, due to Roman Catholic conversions. There is also an unrelated Lebanese 'Costa' surname. In Italy, Portugal, Galicia and Catalonia it is derived from the Latin word , \"\"rib\"\", which has come to mean \"\"slope, coast\"\", in Romance languages. In the rest of Spain it comes", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 39 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4611533", "chunk_text": "\"Cerviño\"\nCerviño Cerviño is a surname originally from the province of Pontevedra, in the autonomous community of Galicia in northwestern Spain. In Galician, the native language of the region, it means \"\"little deer\"\", the \"\"-iño\"\" ending being very characteristic of this romance language. The surname Cerviño derives directly from the Latin \"\"cervus\"\" and has also derived into Cervinho in Portuguese. Most branches of the Cerviño family originated in the province of Pontevedra and from there extended itself to other parts of Spain (like Ourense, A Coruña and parts of Andalusia) and several other countries, among which Uruguay, Cuba and Argentina can", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 40 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9002877", "chunk_text": "\"Juan Tafur\"\nwas born in the year 1500 in Córdoba, Spain. His parents were Juan Pérez Tubera and Isabel Díaz Tafur. Tafur took the surname of his mother. Other family members were also conquistadors: Pedro Fernández de Valenzuela, Hernán Venegas Carrillo and Martín Yañés Tafur. In 1518 he left Spain for the New World under the command of Pedro de los Ríos, governor of Tierra Firme in Panama. De los Ríos sent Tafur with two ships to retrieve the dissatisfied members of the Pizarro expedition. In 1531 or 1533, Tafur left for Santa Marta, where he was sent to the Valle de", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 41 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16202854", "chunk_text": "\"Flores (surname)\"\nFlores (surname) Flores is a Spanish surname, from the plural of \"\"flor\"\" ‘flower’. In Spain, Flores is first found in Asturias, where the Visigothic court took refuge after the Muslim invasion of the Iberian Peninsula. In Italy, the surname's roots can be traced back to Naples around the early 14th century where records show a Flores family receiving land grants in the feudal territories of Persano and Sandionisio. Spelling variations of this surname also include Florez, Flórez, Floriz, Flóriz, Floraz, Flóraz, Flor, Florán, Floran and Florián among others. Variations can also be found in several Florez coat-of-arms designs. The one", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 42 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2234888", "chunk_text": "Valladares\nhave different nationalities (different strands in their ancestral heritage) and were not born in India. The name Valladares itself, is not an Indian surname in that it does not have its roots in Hindu India, though members of the family would definitely drawn their genetic and cultural inheritance from that gene pool - among others. 'Valladares' as a name, has its origins in part of Galicia, currently between Spain and Portugal, near Pontevedra. It comes from the word \"\"valladar\"\", meaning \"\"fence\"\". The name was accepted by members of the local population on the west coast of India, when they converted", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 43 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2827309", "chunk_text": "\"Jiménez (surname)\"\nactress, Mariana Ximenes, are prime examples of this historical difference. The Jiménez dynasty in 905 became kings of Pamplona, eventually expanding control to most of Christian Spain. Jiménez (surname) Jiménez (Galician and Portuguese: Ximenes, Catalan: Ximenis or Eiximenis) is a surname of Iberian origin, first appearing in the Basque lands. Jiménez is a patronymic construction from the modern-styled given name \"\"Jimeno\"\", plus the Spanish suffix \"\"-ez\"\", meaning \"\"son [of]\"\". The root appears to stem from Basque \"\"semen\"\" ('son'), attested in the Aquitanian inscriptions as \"\"Sembeconnis\"\" and like forms. Variants of the surname include the archaic Ximénez, Ximenes, as well as", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 44 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13551406", "chunk_text": "\"Ríos\"\nRíos Rios or Ríos are Spanish, Portuguese, and Galician surnames. The name has numerous origins. In Germany, Italy, France, UK, and the Americas the Ríos surname can also be found in the surname history books . The name was derived from the Spanish word \"\"Rio,\"\" which means \"\"river\"\" (pronounced: Ree-Oess). The surname Ríos is a sign of ancestry which includes royals and nobles . Historians believe the Ríos family derived from the Royal House of Asturias . The original bearer of the name Ríos, which is a local surname, once lived, held land, or was born in the region of", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 45 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5790477", "chunk_text": "\"Javier (name)\"\nJavier (name) Javier () is the Spanish spelling of the masculine name Xavier. The name derives from the Catholic Saint called Francis de Xavier, where \"\"Xavier\"\" refers to the saint's birthplace. This birthplace name, in turn, has Basque roots, etymologically originating in the word \"\"etxaberri\"\" (\"\"etxe berri\"\" in standard spelling), meaning \"\"castle\"\" or \"\"new house\"\". The original place name went through a Romance phonetic change in Navarro-Aragonese, a Romance language spoken in the neighbouring Romanzado (cf. Leire) from the Early Middle Ages. Like examples can be found in Irunberri > Lumbier, Erronkari > Roncal. It was later borrowed by Castilian.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 46 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12661008", "chunk_text": "Benitez\nBenitez Benítez (, in Latin America: ; meaning \"\"son of Benito\"\") is a surname of Spanish origin. It is thought to have originated in Asturias, in the north of Spain. As of 2014, 23.6% of all known bearers of the surname \"\"Benítez\"\" were residents of Paraguay (1:37), 19.2% of Argentina (1:266), 16.3% of Mexico (1:910), 7.2% of Colombia (1:793), 6.4% of Spain (1:864), 4.5% of the United States (1:9,485), 3.6% of Venezuela (1:1,009), 3.4% of Honduras (1:306), 3.4% of the Philippines (1:3,520), 3.3% of Cuba (1:422), 2.4% of El Salvador (1:312) and 1.3% of Ecuador (1:1,424). In Spain, the frequency", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 47 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15928045", "chunk_text": "Etxeberria\nEtxeberria Etxeberria (, modern Basque spelling) is a Basque language placename and surname from the Basque Country in Spain and France, meaning 'the new house'. It shows one meaningful variant, \"\"Etxeberri\"\" (no Basque article \"\"–a\"\", 'the'), and a number of later spelling variants produced in Spanish and other languages. \"\"Etxebarri(a)\"\" is a western Basque dialectal variant, with the same etymology. \"\"Etxarri\"\" (\"\"Echarri\"\") is attested as stemming from \"\"Etxaberri\"\". The original surname is often associated to the construction of new farms (\"\"baserri\"\") after the introduction of New World crops like maize and potatoes. In many Basque areas, the surname \"\"Etxeberri(a)\"\" was", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 48 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15616346", "chunk_text": "\"Vega (surname)\"\nVega (surname) Vega (pronounced ) is a Spanish surname than means \"\"dweller in the meadow\"\", or \"\"one who lives on the plain\"\". Other versions of the surname Vega are \"\"Vegas\"\" or \"\"Vegaz\"\". As of 2014, 25.9% of all known bearers of the surname \"\"Vega\"\" were residents of Mexico (frequency 1:425), 9.6% of Colombia (1:442), 9.2% of the United States (1:3,476), 8.8% of Argentina (1:432), 7.9% of Peru (1:356), 6.0% of Spain (1:685), 5.7% of Chile (1:272), 3.9% of Puerto Rico (1:80), 3.5% of Cuba (1:294), 3.1% of Ecuador (1:454), 3.0% of Costa Rica (1:141), 2.0% of Panama (1:178), 1.7% of", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 49 } ]
test_3442	is coca cola a public or private company?	n/a	[ "Public" ]	[]	n/a	n/a	n/a	[]	[ { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2054489", "chunk_text": "\"The Coca-Cola Company\"\na publicly traded company. One share of stock purchased in 1919 for $40, with all dividends reinvested, would be worth $9.8 million in 2012, a 10.7% annual increase adjusted for inflation. In 1987, Coca-Cola once again became one of the 30 stocks which makes up the Dow Jones Industrial Average, which is commonly referenced as a proxy for stock market performance; it had previously been a Dow stock from 1932 to 1935. Coca-Cola has paid a dividend, increasing each year for 49 years. Stock is available from a direct purchase program, through Computershare Trust Company, but unlike many programs, has", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 0 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5693167", "chunk_text": "\"Coca-Cola Bottling Company United\"\nand the largest privately held Coca-Cola bottler employing more than 10,000 employees. Coca-Cola UNITED is principally engaged in the production, marketing, and distribution of over 750 non-alcoholic beverages, which include over 200 no or low-calorie options. Among the brands are Coca-Cola, Coke Zero, Diet Coke, Sprite, Dr Pepper, Fanta, Dasani, Powerade, Minute Maid, and vitaminwater and many more under exclusive franchise agreements with The Coca-Cola Company and other soft drink manufacturers. Coca-Cola Bottling Company United Coca-Cola Bottling Company UNITED, Inc. is a private Coca-Cola bottling company headquartered in Birmingham, Alabama, USA. Coca-Cola UNITED is the largest privately held Coca-Cola bottler", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 1 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8346549", "chunk_text": "Coca-Cola\nthe Coke name. The most common of these is Diet Coke, along with others including Caffeine-Free Coca-Cola, Diet Coke Caffeine-Free, Coca-Cola Zero Sugar, Coca-Cola Cherry, Coca-Cola Vanilla, and special versions with lemon, lime, and coffee. Based on Interbrand's \"\"best global brand\"\" study of 2015, Coca-Cola was the world's third most valuable brand, after Apple and Google. In 2013, Coke products were sold in over 200 countries worldwide, with consumers drinking more than 1.8 billion company beverage servings each day. Coca-Cola ranked No. 87 in the 2018 Fortune 500 list of the largest United States corporations by total revenue. Confederate Colonel", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 2 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2054480", "chunk_text": "\"The Coca-Cola Company\"\nThe Coca-Cola Company The Coca-Cola Company is an American corporation, and manufacturer, retailer, and marketer of nonalcoholic beverage concentrates and syrups. The company is best known for its flagship product Coca-Cola, invented in 1886 by pharmacist John Stith Pemberton in Atlanta, Georgia. The Coca-Cola formula and brand were bought in 1894 by Asa Griggs Candler (December 30, 1851 – March 12, 1929), who incorporated The Coca-Cola Company. The company—headquartered in Atlanta, Georgia, but incorporated in Wilmington, Delaware—has operated a franchised distribution system since 1889: the Company only produces syrup concentrate, which is then sold to various bottlers throughout the world", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 3 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5693166", "chunk_text": "\"Coca-Cola Bottling Company United\"\nCoca-Cola Bottling Company United Coca-Cola Bottling Company UNITED, Inc. is a private Coca-Cola bottling company headquartered in Birmingham, Alabama, USA. Coca-Cola UNITED is the largest privately held Coca-Cola bottler in the United States and the second largest in which The Coca-Cola Company does not own an interest. Coca-Cola UNITED is a direct store delivery bottler. Finished product is delivered to customers within a geographic area. Therefore, they are considered the brand's local Coca-Cola bottler distributors. Coca-Cola Bottling Company UNITED, Inc., founded in 1902 and headquartered in Birmingham, Alabama, is the third largest bottler of Coca-Cola products in the United States", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 4 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "876273", "chunk_text": "Coca-Cola\nproduction and distribution of Coca-Cola follows a franchising model. The Coca-Cola Company only produces a syrup concentrate, which it sells to bottlers throughout the world, who hold Coca-Cola franchises for one or more geographical areas. The bottlers produce the final drink by mixing the syrup with filtered water and sweeteners, and then carbonate it before putting it in cans and bottles, which the bottlers then sell and distribute to retail stores, vending machines, restaurants, and food service distributors. The Coca-Cola Company owns minority shares in some of its largest franchises, such as Coca-Cola Enterprises, Coca-Cola Amatil, Coca-Cola Hellenic Bottling Company,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 5 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "876266", "chunk_text": "Coca-Cola\n2014, Coca-Cola said it is working to remove a controversial ingredient, brominated vegetable oil, from all of its drinks. The exact formula of Coca-Cola's natural flavorings (but not its other ingredients, which are listed on the side of the bottle or can) is a trade secret. The original copy of the formula was held in SunTrust Bank's main vault in Atlanta for 86 years. Its predecessor, the Trust Company, was the underwriter for the Coca-Cola Company's initial public offering in 1919. On December 8, 2011, the original secret formula was moved from the vault at SunTrust Banks to a new", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 6 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2054481", "chunk_text": "\"The Coca-Cola Company\"\nwho hold exclusive territories. The company owns its anchor bottler in North America, Coca-Cola Refreshments. The company's stock is listed on the NYSE and is part of DJIA, the S&P 500 index, the Russell 1000 Index, and the Russell 1000 Growth Stock Index. Muhtar Kent serves as chairman of the company with James Quincey as president and chief executive officer. In 1886, pharmacist John Pemberton from Columbus, Georgia invented the original Coca-Cola drink and sold it as a medicinal beverage. Pemberton's bookkeeper, Frank M. Robinson, is credited naming the products and creating its logo. Robinson chose the name Coca-Cola because", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 7 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4304377", "chunk_text": "\"The Coca-Cola Company\"\n\"\"Coca-Cola\"\" visitor centers in Israel, Belgium and Turkey. The Coca-Cola Company The Coca-Cola Company is an American corporation, and manufacturer, retailer, and marketer of nonalcoholic beverage concentrates and syrups. The company is best known for its flagship product Coca-Cola, invented in 1886 by pharmacist John Stith Pemberton in Atlanta, Georgia. The Coca-Cola formula and brand were bought in 1894 by Asa Griggs Candler (December 30, 1851 – March 12, 1929), who incorporated The Coca-Cola Company. The company—headquartered in Atlanta, Georgia, but incorporated in Wilmington, Delaware—has operated a franchised distribution system since 1889: the Company only produces syrup concentrate, which is", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 8 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "876307", "chunk_text": "Coca-Cola\ndrink was \"\"injurious to health\"\", leading to amended food safety legislation. The Coca-Cola Company, its subsidiaries and products have been subject to sustained criticism by both consumer groups, leftist activists, and watchdogs, particularly since the early 2000s. Coca-Cola Classic is rich in sugar (or sweetners in some countries) especially sucrose, which causes dental caries when consumed regularly. Besides this, the high caloric value of the sugars themselves can contribute to obesity. Both are major health issues in the developed world. In July 2001, the Coca-Cola company was sued over its alleged use of political far-right wing death squads (the United", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 9 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2054490", "chunk_text": "\"The Coca-Cola Company\"\ninvestment fees. The following are key management as of May 2017 (excluding VP positions and regional leaders): The following are all directors as of November 2016: In general, The Coca-Cola Company and its subsidiaries only produce syrup concentrate, which is then sold to various bottlers throughout the world who hold a local Coca-Cola franchise. Coca-Cola bottlers, who hold territorially exclusive contracts with the company, produce the finished product in cans and bottles from the concentrate, in combination with filtered water and sweeteners. The bottlers then sell, distribute, and merchandise the resulting Coca-Cola product to retail stores, vending machines, restaurants, and", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 10 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8595769", "chunk_text": "\"Coca-Cola Bottling Co. Consolidated\"\nchairman's great-grandfather, J. B. Harrison. That company was merged with other bottlers to form Coca-Cola Bottling Co. Consolidated in 1973. The company was incorporated in 1980, acquired Wometco in 1985, and acquired Sunbelt Coca-Cola in 1991. In 2018, the company announced a major expansion into Kentucky. In October 2018, Coca-Cola Bottling Consolidated denied it had discontinued distribution of Tab, though it admitted it had reduced its distribution. As of January 1, 2017, The Coca-Cola Company owns approximately 35% of the Company's total outstanding common stock, representing approximately 5% of the total voting power of the Company's combined Common Stock and", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 11 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20597548", "chunk_text": "\"Public company\"\nPublic company A public company, publicly traded company, publicly held company, publicly listed company, or public limited company is a corporation whose ownership is dispersed among the general public in many shares of stock which are freely traded on a stock exchange or in over the counter markets. In some jurisdictions, public companies over a certain size must be listed on an exchange. A public company can be listed (listed company) or unlisted (unlisted public company). Public companies are formed within the legal systems of particular nations, and therefore have national associations and formal designations which are distinct and separate.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 12 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20570396", "chunk_text": "\"Criticism of Coca-Cola\"\nCriticism of Coca-Cola Criticism of Coca-Cola dates back to its first ever product, invented by Doctor John Stith-Pemberton in 1886. The Coca-Cola Company is one of the largest beverage companies in the world. It owns the majority of the soft drink market around the world, distributing roughly 160 different products. Since the early 2000s, the criticisms over the use of Coca-Cola products as well as the company itself, escalated with concerns over health effects, environmental issues, animal testing, economic business practices and employee issues. The Coca-Cola Company has been faced with multiple lawsuits concerning the various criticisms. With all of", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 13 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8346547", "chunk_text": "Coca-Cola\nCoca-Cola Coca-Cola, or Coke is a carbonated soft drink manufactured by The Coca-Cola Company. Originally intended as a patent medicine, it was invented in the late 19th century by John Pemberton and was bought out by businessman Asa Griggs Candler, whose marketing tactics led Coca-Cola to its dominance of the world soft-drink market throughout the 20th century. The drink's name refers to two of its original ingredients: coca leaves, and kola nuts (a source of caffeine). The current formula of Coca-Cola remains a trade secret, although a variety of reported recipes and experimental recreations have been published. The Coca-Cola Company", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 14 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "876274", "chunk_text": "Coca-Cola\nand Coca-Cola FEMSA, but fully independent bottlers produce almost half of the volume sold in the world. Independent bottlers are allowed to sweeten the drink according to local tastes. The bottling plant in Skopje, Macedonia, received the 2009 award for \"\"Best Bottling Company\"\". Since it announced its intention to begin distribution in Myanmar in June 2012, Coca-Cola has been officially available in every country in the world except Cuba and North Korea. However, it is reported to be available in both countries as a grey import. Coca-Cola has been a point of legal discussion in the Middle East. In the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 15 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8346548", "chunk_text": "Coca-Cola\nproduces concentrate, which is then sold to licensed Coca-Cola bottlers throughout the world. The bottlers, who hold exclusive territory contracts with the company, produce the finished product in cans and bottles from the concentrate, in combination with filtered water and sweeteners. A typical can contains of sugar (usually in the form of high fructose corn syrup). The bottlers then sell, distribute, and merchandise Coca-Cola to retail stores, restaurants, and vending machines throughout the world. The Coca-Cola Company also sells concentrate for soda fountains of major restaurants and foodservice distributors. The Coca-Cola Company has on occasion introduced other cola drinks under", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 16 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "102351", "chunk_text": "Coca-Cola\nThe drink is also often a metonym for the Coca-Cola Company. Coca-Cola was introduced to China in 1927, and was very popular until 1949. After the Chinese Civil War ended in 1949, the beverage was no longer imported into China, as it was perceived to be a symbol of decadent Western culture and the capitalist lifestyle. Importation and sales of the beverage resumed in 1979, after diplomatic relations between the United States and China were restored. There are some consumer boycotts of Coca-Cola in Arab countries due to Coke's early investment in Israel during the Arab League boycott of Israel", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 17 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "102353", "chunk_text": "Coca-Cola\nCO₂, water, and syrup to make beverages. It supplied 1.65 liters each of Coca-Cola and Diet Coke. Coca-Cola Coca-Cola, or Coke is a carbonated soft drink manufactured by The Coca-Cola Company. Originally intended as a patent medicine, it was invented in the late 19th century by John Pemberton and was bought out by businessman Asa Griggs Candler, whose marketing tactics led Coca-Cola to its dominance of the world soft-drink market throughout the 20th century. The drink's name refers to two of its original ingredients: coca leaves, and kola nuts (a source of caffeine). The current formula of Coca-Cola remains a", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 18 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8346559", "chunk_text": "Coca-Cola\nas co-owner of the original Coca-Cola Company in 1888, came forward to claim that her signature on the 1888 Coca-Cola Company bill of sale had been forged. Subsequent analysis of certain similar transfer documents had also indicated John Pemberton's signature was most likely a forgery, as well, which some accounts claim was precipitated by his son Charley. On September 12, 1919, Coca-Cola Co. was purchased by a group of investors for $25 million and reincorporated. The company publicly offered 500,000 shares of the company for $40 a share. In 1986, The Coca-Cola Company merged with two of their bottling operators", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 19 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2054486", "chunk_text": "\"The Coca-Cola Company\"\nTea, having bought a 40% stake in 2008. In 2013, it finalized its purchase of ZICO, a coconut water company. In August 2014, it acquired a 16.7% stake in Monster Beverage for $2.15 billion with an option to increase it to 25%, as part of a long-term strategic partnership that includes marketing and distribution alliance, and product line swap. In 2015, the company took a minority stake ownership in the cold pressed juice manufacturer, Suja Life LLC. In December 2016, it bought many of the former SABMiller's Coca-Cola operations. On 31 August 2018, it agreed to acquire Costa Coffee from", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 20 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "102328", "chunk_text": "Coca-Cola\nare competitors to Coca-Cola in the Middle East. In Turkey, Cola Turka, in Iran and the Middle East, Zamzam Cola and Parsi Cola, in some parts of China, China Cola, in Slovenia, Cockta, and the inexpensive Mercator Cola, sold only in the country's biggest supermarket chain, Mercator, are some of the brand's competitors. Classiko Cola, made by Tiko Group, the largest manufacturing company in Madagascar, is a competitor to Coca-Cola in many regions. Coca-Cola's advertising has significantly affected American culture, and it is frequently credited with inventing the modern image of Santa Claus as an old man in a red-and-white", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 21 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "102350", "chunk_text": "Coca-Cola\nmitigate the pain and suffering\"\" that union members had suffered. Speaking from the Coca-Cola company's headquarters in Atlanta, company spokesperson Rafael Fernandez Quiros said \"\"Coca-Cola denies any connection to any human-rights violation of this type\"\" and added \"\"We do not own or operate the plants\"\". A documentary on the controversy, titled \"\"The Coca-Cola Case\"\", was released in 2010. Coca-Cola has a high degree of identification with the United States, being considered by some an \"\"American Brand\"\" or as an item representing America. During World War II, this gave rise to brief production of the White Coke as a neutral brand.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 22 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2054488", "chunk_text": "\"The Coca-Cola Company\"\ndistributed as follows: 43% in the United States, 37% in Mexico, India, Pakistan, Brazil, Japan, and the People's Republic of China, and 20% spread throughout the rest of the world. The figure in 2010 showed that they sold 1.6 billion drinks every day. In 2010, it was announced that Coca-Cola had become the first brand to top £1 billion in annual UK grocery sales. In 2017, Coke sales were down 11% from a year earlier due to consumer tastes shifting away from sugary drinks and health risks associated with artificial sweeteners in diet drinks. Since the 1920s, Coca-Cola has been", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 23 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "142397", "chunk_text": "\"Coca-Cola FEMSA Philippines\"\nby Mexico-based Coca-Cola FEMSA, S.A. de C.V. and The Coca-Cola Company. In August 17, 2018, The Coca-Cola Company announced that its Bottling Investments Group (BIG) agreed to acquire the 51% stake in the company held by Coca-Cola FEMSA, S.A. de C.V. No date for the transaction was indicated and the transaction would be subject to regulatory approval. In 1927, San Miguel Corporation (then known as the original San Miguel Brewery, Inc.) became the first international bottler of Coca-Cola. In 1981, San Miguel spun off its soft drink businesses to a new company named Coca-Cola Bottlers Philippines, Inc. (CCBPI). The company", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 24 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6380960", "chunk_text": "\"Privately held company\"\nPrivately held company A privately held company, private company, or close corporation is a business company owned either by non-governmental organizations or by a relatively small number of shareholders or company members which does not offer or trade its company stock (shares) to the general public on the stock market exchanges, but rather the company's stock is offered, owned and traded or exchanged privately. More ambiguous terms for a privately held company are closely held corporation, unquoted company, and unlisted company. Though less visible than their publicly traded counterparts, private companies have major importance in the world's economy. In 2008,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 25 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12087706", "chunk_text": "\"Coca-Cola Enterprises\"\nfor $417.5 million. In 1986, Coca-Cola acquired the bottling operations of Beatrice Foods and the bottling operations of the Lupton family. Coca-Cola Enterprises Inc. was spun off from The Coca-Cola Company in 1986. After buying these bottlers, Coca-Cola spun this function off to anchor bottlers in various parts of the world. Coca-Cola Enterprises continued to acquire regional bottlers throughout the 1990s. The company has its headquarters in Atlanta, Georgia and is a separate corporation from The Coca-Cola Company; both companies are listed on the New York Stock Exchange and are components of the S&P 500. Similar anchor bottlers are the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 26 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4886266", "chunk_text": "\"Coca-Cola FEMSA\"\nCoca-Cola FEMSA Coca-Cola FEMSA, S.A.B. de C.V., known as Coca-Cola FEMSA or KOF, is a Mexican multinational beverage company headquartered in Mexico City, Mexico. It is a subsidiary of FEMSA which owns 48% of its stock, with 28% held by wholly owned subsidiaries of The Coca-Cola Company and the remaining 24% listed publicly on the Mexican Stock Exchange (since 1993) and the New York Stock Exchange (since 1998). The largest franchise Coca-Cola bottler in the world, the company has operations in Latin America and the Philippines, although its largest and most profitable market is in Mexico. Coca-Cola FEMSA began as", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 27 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "876270", "chunk_text": "Coca-Cola\nremoved. After 1904, instead of using fresh leaves, Coca-Cola started using \"\"spent\"\" leaves – the leftovers of the cocaine-extraction process with trace levels of cocaine. Since then, Coca-Cola uses a cocaine-free coca leaf extract prepared at a Stepan Company plant in Maywood, New Jersey. In the United States, the Stepan Company is the only manufacturing plant authorized by the Federal Government to import and process the coca plant, which it obtains mainly from Peru and, to a lesser extent, Bolivia. Besides producing the coca flavoring agent for Coca-Cola, the Stepan Company extracts cocaine from the coca leaves, which it sells", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 28 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8239335", "chunk_text": "\"POM Wonderful LLC v. Coca-Cola Co.\"\nPOM Wonderful LLC v. Coca-Cola Co. POM Wonderful LLC v. Coca-Cola Co., 573 U.S. ___ (2014), was United States Supreme Court case that held that a statutory private right of action under the Lanham Act is not precluded by regulatory provisions of the Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act. In 1938, the United States Congress passed the Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act, in order to regulate the safety of food, drugs, and cosmetics. Under the Act, the Food and Drug Administration has issued regulations governing food and beverage labeling, including the labeling of mixes of different types of juice into one", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 29 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13510732", "chunk_text": "\"Coca-Cola Beverages Africa\"\nBelgian-Brazilian Anheuser-Busch InBev) and is also the largest bottler of Coca-Cola in Africa. The Coca-Cola Company is a multinational beverage corporation headquartered in Atlanta, Georgia. Its stock is listed on the NYSE. The company is best known for its flagship product Coca-Cola, invented in 1886 by pharmacist John Stith Pemberton in Columbus, Georgia. Coca-Cola Sabco is the second largest Coca-Cola bottler in Africa (after SABMiller) and has been a Coca-Cola bottler since 1940. The firm is 80% owned by Gutsche Family Investments (GFI) and its headquarters are in Port Elizabeth, South Africa. Coca-Cola Sabco grew rapidly through a series of", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 30 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "102332", "chunk_text": "Coca-Cola\nthat in blind tests, most people cannot tell the difference between Pepsi and Coke. Coca-Cola ran ads to combat Pepsi's ads in an incident sometimes referred to as the \"\"cola wars\"\"; one of Coke's ads compared the so-called Pepsi challenge to two chimpanzees deciding which tennis ball was furrier. Thereafter, Coca-Cola regained its leadership in the market. Selena was a spokesperson for Coca-Cola from 1989 until the time of her death. She filmed three commercials for the company. During 1994, to commemorate her five years with the company, Coca-Cola issued special Selena coke bottles. The Coca-Cola Company purchased Columbia Pictures", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 31 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19310012", "chunk_text": "\"Coca Cola Corporation\"\nthe name and formula, and abandoned the troubled corporation, starting, without its other principals, a new corporation, The Coca-Cola Company. In the same year, Charley Pemberton died at the age of forty, after an apparent overdose of opium, as he was probably addicted to it like his father. The Coca-Cola Company remained vulnerable, until the inactive Coca Cola Corporation's charter expired in 1908, to legal challenges from it. Coca Cola Corporation Coca Cola Corporation was an Atlanta, Georgia company, the first large-scale manufacturer and marketer of beverages based on the Coca-Cola formula, and closely related to The Coca-Cola Company, the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 32 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15290987", "chunk_text": "Cocacolonization\nCocacolonization Cocacolonization (alternatively coca-colonization) refers to the globalization of American culture (also referred as to as Americanization) pushed through popular American products such as soft drink maker Coca-Cola. It is a portmanteau of the name of the multinational soft drink maker and \"\"colonization\"\": a process of change that happens everywhere the culture of capitalism takes root. The term was first documented in 1949 in France, where the French Communist Party strongly opposed the further expansion of Coca-Cola. In 1948, the finance ministry stood against Coke on the grounds that its operation would bring no capital to help with French recovery,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 33 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18143274", "chunk_text": "\"Criticism of Coca-Cola\"\n105 Coca-Cola employees in Turkey were terminated for their union activity and these employees, some of whom were joined by family members, were physically attacked by members of the Cevik Kuvvet during peaceful demonstrations against their terminations. Criticism of Coca-Cola Criticism of Coca-Cola dates back to its first ever product, invented by Doctor John Stith-Pemberton in 1886. The Coca-Cola Company is one of the largest beverage companies in the world. It owns the majority of the soft drink market around the world, distributing roughly 160 different products. Since the early 2000s, the criticisms over the use of Coca-Cola products as", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 34 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2054524", "chunk_text": "\"The Coca-Cola Company\"\nnaming rights to anything in all locations, the company does sponsor and provide beverages in many theme parks, usually in an exclusive capacity. This includes the Walt Disney Parks and Resorts, Merlin Entertainment, Universal Parks & Resorts, Six Flags, Cedar Fair, and SeaWorld Entertainment which are six of the nine largest theme park operators worldwide (it is unknown whether OCT Parks China, the Chimelong Group, or Fantawild, the fourth, seventh, and eighth largest theme park operators respectively, use Coca-Cola). The company also directly sponsors, with naming rights, the Coca-Cola London Eye and the Coca-Cola Orlando Eye. The company also operates", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 35 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8346552", "chunk_text": "Coca-Cola\nnerve disorders, headaches, and impotence. Pemberton ran the first advertisement for the beverage on May 29 of the same year in the \"\"Atlanta Journal\"\". By 1888, three versions of Coca-Cola – sold by three separate businesses – were on the market. A co-partnership had been formed on January 14, 1888 between Pemberton and four Atlanta businessmen: J.C. Mayfield, A.O. Murphey, C.O. Mullahy, and E.H. Bloodworth. Not codified by any signed document, a verbal statement given by Asa Candler years later asserted under testimony that he had acquired a stake in Pemberton's company as early as 1887. John Pemberton declared that", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 36 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12288915", "chunk_text": "\"The Coca-Cola Company\"\nwas once more popular, 2005 figures show that both Coca-Cola and Diet Coke now outsell Irn-Bru. In Peru, the native Inca Kola has been more popular than Coca-Cola, which prompted Coca-Cola to enter in negotiations with the soft drink's company and buy 50% of its stakes. In Japan, the best selling soft drink is not cola, as (canned) tea and coffee are more popular. As such, The Coca-Cola Company's best selling brand there is not Coca-Cola, but Georgia. In May 2016, The Coca-Cola Company temporarily halted production of its signature drink in Venezuela due to sugar shortages. Since then, The", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 37 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4886199", "chunk_text": "\"Coca-Cola Hellenic Bottling Company\"\nAmerican depositary receipts (ADRs) from the New York Stock Exchange, the termination of its ADR programme, and the deregistration and termination of its reporting obligations under the U.S. Securities Exchange Act of 1934. In October 2017 the company's CEO, Dimitris Lois, died after a period of illness. On December 7 2017, a new CEO, Zoran Bogdanovic was appointed by the Board of Directors. Coca-Cola HBC operates in 28 countries in 3 continents; its well established markets include Greece, Cyprus, Ireland, Austria, Switzerland and Italy, its developing markets include Poland, the Baltic States, Czech Republic, Slovenia, Slovakia, Hungary, and Croatia. Its", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 38 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17799046", "chunk_text": "\"Privately held company\"\nsolely to generate profit for the owners or shareholders. A privately owned enterprise is one form that private property may take. Privately held company A privately held company, private company, or close corporation is a business company owned either by non-governmental organizations or by a relatively small number of shareholders or company members which does not offer or trade its company stock (shares) to the general public on the stock market exchanges, but rather the company's stock is offered, owned and traded or exchanged privately. More ambiguous terms for a privately held company are closely held corporation, unquoted company, and", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 39 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4304359", "chunk_text": "\"The Coca-Cola Company\"\nby Coca-Cola. During its ownership of the studio, the studio released many popular films including \"\"Ghostbusters\"\", \"\"Stripes\"\", \"\"The Karate Kid\"\", and some others. However, two years after the critical and commercial failure of the 69 film \"\"Ishtar\"\", Columbia was sold to Tokyo-based Sony. Coca-Cola operates a soft drink themed tourist attraction in Atlanta, Georgia; the World of Coca-Cola is a multi-storied exhibition. It features flavor sampling and a history museum, with locations in Las Vegas, Nevada and Lake Buena Vista, Florida. The Coca-Cola Company also produces a number of other soft drinks including Fanta (introduced circa 1941) and Sprite. Fanta's", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 40 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2054491", "chunk_text": "\"The Coca-Cola Company\"\nfood service distributors. Outside the United States, these bottlers also control the fountain business. Since the early 1980s, the company has actively encouraged the consolidation of bottlers, with the company often owning a share of these \"\"anchor bottlers\"\". The company's largest bottlers outside North America are: In the United States, the company bypasses bottlers and is responsible for the manufacture and sale of fountain syrups directly to authorized fountain wholesalers and some fountain retailers. After purchasing the North American assets of Coca-Cola Enterprises, as of 2014 the company directly owns 100% of Coca-Cola Refreshments, the anchor bottler of Coca-Cola products", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 41 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19310010", "chunk_text": "\"Coca Cola Corporation\"\nCoca Cola Corporation Coca Cola Corporation was an Atlanta, Georgia company, the first large-scale manufacturer and marketer of beverages based on the Coca-Cola formula, and closely related to The Coca-Cola Company, the corporation that took on that role by 1900 and became a worldwide business. After Asa Candler purchased the formula in 1899 from its developer, druggist John Pemberton, the latter's alcoholic son Charley Pemberton returned from Louisville, Kentucky the next year. He claimed his father had promised him the rights to the formula. The father corroborated this, and the incorporation proceeded with the younger Pemberton joining Candler and Woolfolk", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 42 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4304358", "chunk_text": "\"The Coca-Cola Company\"\nretail setting, direct store beverage delivery trucks (mobile advertising) as well as point of sale coolers and vending machines have bright red logo blazoned branding. In terms of food service, Coca-Cola is a food pairing suggestion that is now ingrained as a food match, e.g., for popcorn, burgers, fries, and hot dog combos (Stringer, 2015). The Coca-Cola Company offers more than 350 brands in over 200 countries, aside from its namesake Coca-Cola beverage. Coca-Cola bought Columbia Pictures in summer '69 owing to the low monetary value of the studio. The film company was the first and only studio ever owned", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 43 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12288919", "chunk_text": "\"The Coca-Cola Company\"\nas part of a partnership with the World Wildlife Fund. However it was withdrawn only a month after release due to consumer complaints about the similar look to the silver cans commonly used for Diet Coke. There were also complaints about deviating from traditional red as the color of Coca-Cola cans previously. It was announced on August 14, 2014, that Coca-Cola Co is making a cash payment of $2.15 billion for a 16.7 percent stake in Monster Beverage Corp to expand its market for energy drinks. Coke's ownership in Full Throttle and Burn will be transferred to Monster. In return,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 44 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3009750", "chunk_text": "\"Criticism of Coca-Cola\"\n& Welfare Fund of Philadelphia & Vicinity, accused Coca-Cola of \"\"channel stuffing,\"\" or artificial inflation of Coca-Cola's results which gave investors a false picture of the company's health. The settlement applies to Coca-Cola common stock owners from October 21, 1999 to March 6, 2000. Coca-Cola entered South Africa in 1938 and, after the beginning of the official white South African government's policy of apartheid or \"\"separate development\"\" beginning in 1948, the company grew rapidly. By the 1980s at the height of racial oppression, with 90% of the market, Coke dominated the soft-drink industry with sales in the hundreds of millions", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 45 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2054493", "chunk_text": "\"The Coca-Cola Company\"\n$46 million political campaign known as \"\"The Coalition Against The Costly Food Labeling Proposition, sponsored by Farmers and Food Producers\"\". This organization was set up to oppose a citizen's initiative, known as Proposition 37, demanding mandatory labeling of foods containing genetically modified ingredients. In 2012, Coca-Cola was listed as a partner of the (RED) campaign, together with other brands such as Nike, Girl, American Express, and Converse. The campaign's mission is to prevent the transmission of the HIV virus from mother to child by 2015 (the campaign's byline is \"\"Fighting for an AIDS Free Generation\"\"). Since the early 2000s, the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 46 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8595771", "chunk_text": "\"Coca-Cola Bottling Co. Consolidated\"\nlocal events and many community organizations, including the YMCA. Since 2008, Coca-Cola Consolidated has partnered with the World Wildlife Fund (WWF) to promote sustainable water policies, including water reuse practices, to protect and restore aquatic diversity. Following the October 2015 North American storm complex Consolidated donated bottled water to flood victims.. It also supports public school teachers in Arkansas. Coca-Cola Bottling Co. Consolidated Coca-Cola Bottling Co. Consolidated, headquartered in Charlotte, North Carolina, is the largest independent Coca-Cola bottler in the United States. The Company makes, sells and distributes Coca-Cola products along with other unique beverages, carrying more than 300 brands", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 47 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3009747", "chunk_text": "\"Criticism of Coca-Cola\"\nThe boycott came into effect from March 1, and the majority of the small and medium-sized vendors were reported to have stopped stocking the products. The move continues to receive strong support while continuing to gain momentum during the Jallikattu protests. In 2014, the company was accused of 27 Clean Air Act violations at a Minute Maid plant in Michigan. In 2007, the Coca-Cola Company announced it would no longer conduct or directly fund laboratory experiments on animals unless required by law to do so. The company's announcement came after PETA criticized the company for funding invasive experiments on animals", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 48 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8346551", "chunk_text": "Coca-Cola\nwere bought by Coca-Cola in 1953. In 1885, Pemberton registered his French Wine Coca nerve tonic. In 1886, when Atlanta and Fulton County passed prohibition legislation, Pemberton responded by developing Coca-Cola, a nonalcoholic version of French Wine Coca. The first sales were at Jacob's Pharmacy in Atlanta, Georgia, on May 8, 1886. It was initially sold as a patent medicine for five cents a glass at soda fountains, which were popular in the United States at the time due to the belief that carbonated water was good for the health. Pemberton claimed Coca-Cola cured many diseases, including morphine addiction, indigestion,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 49 } ]
test_3443	who wrote from now on from the greatest showman?	n/a	[ "Joseph Trapanese", "John Debney", "Benj Pasek and Justin Paul" ]	[]	n/a	n/a	n/a	[]	[ { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8713543", "chunk_text": "\"The Greatest Showman\"\nwhich Barnum happily accepts. As rebuilding the circus in its original location would be too expensive, Barnum transforms it into an open-air tent circus by the docks. The revamped circus is a huge success, and Barnum gives full control of the show to Carlyle so he can focus on his family (\"\"The Greatest Show\"\" reprise). The project was first announced in 2009, with Jackman already set for the title role. In August 2011, Michael Gracey was chosen to direct. In 2013, Fox hired lyricists Pasek and Paul to write the songs. On June 15, 2016, Zac Efron began negotiations to", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 0 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6143663", "chunk_text": "\"Jimmy Roberts (composer)\"\nJimmy Roberts (composer) Jimmy Roberts is a composer for the musical theater as well as a pianist and entertainer. His musical scores include: \"\"I Love You, You're Perfect, Now Change\"\" (1996) and \"\"The Thing About Men\"\" (2003), both with book and lyrics by Joe DiPietro. He is a 1977 graduate of the Manhattan School of Music, where he studied with the noted pianist, Constance Keene. \"\"I Love You, You're Perfect, Now Change,\"\" nominated for Best Musical by both the Outer Critics Circle and the Drama Desk, became the second-longest running Off Broadway musical in theater history (6,000 performances), and was", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 1 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7889362", "chunk_text": "\"Meredith Willson\"\nMeredith Willson Robert Reiniger Meredith Willson (May 18, 1902 – June 15, 1984) was an American flautist, composer, conductor, musical arranger, bandleader and playwright, best known for writing the book, music, and lyrics for the hit Broadway musical \"\"The Music Man\"\". He wrote three other Broadway musicals, composed symphonies and popular songs, and his film scores were twice nominated for Academy Awards. Willson was born in Mason City, Iowa, to John David Willson and Rosalie Reiniger Willson, and he had a brother two years his senior, John Cedrick, and a sister 12 years his senior, the children's author Dixie Willson.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 2 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8713559", "chunk_text": "\"The Greatest Showman\"\nits own aesthetic hypocrisy. You've rarely seen a more straight-laced musical about the joys of letting your freak flag fly.\"\" The Greatest Showman The Greatest Showman is a 2017 American musical film directed by Michael Gracey in his directorial debut, written by Jenny Bicks and Bill Condon and starring Hugh Jackman, Zac Efron, Michelle Williams, Rebecca Ferguson, and Zendaya. The film is inspired by the story of P. T. Barnum's creation of the Barnum & Bailey Circus and the lives of its star attractions. Principal photography began in New York City in November 2016. The film premiered on December 8,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 3 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2625705", "chunk_text": "\"Jeff Bowen\"\nJeff Bowen Jeff Bowen (born August 30, 1971, in Baltimore, Maryland) is an American composer, lyricist and actor. He is best known as one of the authors and stars of the Broadway musical \"\"[title of show]\"\". He also wrote the music and lyrics to the musical, \"\"Now. Here. This.\"\" with his \"\"[title of show]\"\" collaborators Hunter Bell, Susan Blackwell, Michael Berresse, Heidi Blickenstaff and Larry Pressgrove. The show was presented in June 2012 at The Vineyard Theatre. He is currently writing an original musical, \"\" Other World\"\" with Hunter Bell and Ann McNamee. Bowen attended college at Stetson University in", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 4 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8713534", "chunk_text": "\"The Greatest Showman\"\nThe Greatest Showman The Greatest Showman is a 2017 American musical film directed by Michael Gracey in his directorial debut, written by Jenny Bicks and Bill Condon and starring Hugh Jackman, Zac Efron, Michelle Williams, Rebecca Ferguson, and Zendaya. The film is inspired by the story of P. T. Barnum's creation of the Barnum & Bailey Circus and the lives of its star attractions. Principal photography began in New York City in November 2016. The film premiered on December 8, 2017, aboard the RMS \"\"Queen Mary 2\"\". It was released in the United States on December 20, 2017, by 20th", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 5 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8713536", "chunk_text": "\"The Greatest Showman\"\nAward for Best Original Song and was nominated for Best Original Song at the 90th Academy Awards and for Best Song Written for Visual Media at the 61st Annual Grammy Awards. In the late 19th century, P. T. Barnum and his troupe perform a show at the circus (\"\"The Greatest Show\"\"). In a flashback to Barnum's childhood where he and his father Philo, a tailor, work for the Hallett family, he becomes infatuated with their daughter, Charity. Charity explains that her father is sending her to finishing school, and she does not know what her future will be, but Barnum", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 6 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5963559", "chunk_text": "\"Jim Steinman\"\nrecording of a song written by Steinman. That same year, Steinman wrote music and lyrics for a musical called \"\"More Than You Deserve\"\" (1973). One of the actors cast in this show was Marvin Lee Aday, who went by the name Meat Loaf, with whom Steinman later collaborated. A song from this show, called \"\"More Than You Deserve\"\" would later be recorded by Meat Loaf for the album \"\"Dead Ringer\"\". In 1975, while working for Joseph Papp at the New York Shakespeare Festival, Steinman contributed music and lyrics to Thomas Babe's \"\"Kid Champion\"\", which starred Christopher Walken. In 1976, there", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 7 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8713545", "chunk_text": "\"The Greatest Showman\"\nand Justin Paul wrote all the songs appearing in the film. The soundtrack album is produced by Justin Paul, Benj Pasek, Greg Wells, Kevin Weaver and Pete Ganbarg, featuring the eleven tracks performed by the cast. In the United Kingdom it became only the second album in 30 years to achieve 11 consecutive weeks at number 1. \"\"The Greatest Showman\"\" now draws level with Adele's \"\"21\"\" for the longest unbroken run at the UK summit in the last 30 years. The cast album is now at 910,000 combined units, according to the Official Charts Company, made up of 420,000 physical", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 8 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16421263", "chunk_text": "\"Andrew Lloyd Webber: Now & Forever\"\nthe recordings and their parent shows. The tracks' lyricists include Tim Rice, Don Black, Richard Stilgoe, Charles Hart, Alan Ayckbourn, Christopher Hampton, Jim Steinman, Ben Elton and the poet T. S. Eliot. Compiled and produced by Tristram Penna Cover drawing by Ronnie Wood Booklet notes by James Inverne Special thanks: Don Black, Brian Drutman, Tracey Connolly, Richard Gates, Paul Jones, George McManus, Denis McNamara, Tim Rice, Dave Robinson, Paul Tucker and Clare Wood Digitally remastered at Abbey Road Studios by Chris Blair and Tristram Penna Designed by Dewynters Andrew Lloyd Webber: Now & Forever Andrew Lloyd Webber: Now & Forever", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 9 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6239438", "chunk_text": "\"Jeff Bowen\"\nDeLand, Florida. He currently resides in Brooklyn, New York with his partner Michael Berresse. Jeff Bowen Jeff Bowen (born August 30, 1971, in Baltimore, Maryland) is an American composer, lyricist and actor. He is best known as one of the authors and stars of the Broadway musical \"\"[title of show]\"\". He also wrote the music and lyrics to the musical, \"\"Now. Here. This.\"\" with his \"\"[title of show]\"\" collaborators Hunter Bell, Susan Blackwell, Michael Berresse, Heidi Blickenstaff and Larry Pressgrove. The show was presented in June 2012 at The Vineyard Theatre. He is currently writing an original musical, \"\" Other", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 10 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16662147", "chunk_text": "\"Pasek and Paul\"\nGolden Globe Award for Best Original Song. \"\"City of Stars\"\" and \"\"Audition\"\" received nominations for Best Original Song at the 89th Academy Awards, and they won the Academy Award for Best Original Song for \"\"City of Stars.\"\" Pasek and Paul wrote the songs for the 2017 musical drama film \"\"The Greatest Showman\"\". About the Barnum & Bailey Circus, the film premiered on December 8, 2017. The duo's song \"\"This Is Me\"\" won a Golden Globe for Best Original Song and was nominated for Best Original Song at the 90th Academy Awards. Pasek and Paul are writing songs for Disney's upcoming", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 11 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10180080", "chunk_text": "\"Richard Maltby Jr.\"\na member of Manuscript Society); their first Broadway credit was in 1968, when their song \"\"The Girl of the Minute\"\" was used in the revue \"\"New Faces of 1968\"\". In 1977 the Manhattan Theatre Club produced a revue of their earlier songs, written for other works, finally titled \"\"Starting Here, Starting Now\"\". With composer Shire, Maltby was the director and lyricist for \"\"Baby\"\", (1983, book by Sybille Pearson) and the lyricist for \"\"Big\"\", (1996, book by John Weidman). Also with Shire, he conceived and wrote the lyrics for \"\"Take Flight\"\" (book by John Weidman), which had its world premiere in", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 12 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10398512", "chunk_text": "\"Benny Davis\"\nModels\"\" and for the 1929 show \"\"Sons o' Guns\"\". His career lasted until the mid-1930s. He was voted to the Songwriters Hall of Fame. Davis died in 1979 in Miami, Florida. Benny Davis Benny Davis (August 21, 1895 - December 20, 1979) was a vaudeville performer and writer of popular songs. Davis started performing in vaudeville in his teens. He began writing songs when working as an accompanist for Blossom Seeley. In 1917, he wrote \"\"So Long Sammy\"\" with Jack Yellen and \"\"Good-Bye Broadway. Hello France\"\" with C. Francis Reisner. His first success was 1920's \"\"Margie\"\", with music by Con", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 13 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14642669", "chunk_text": "\"The Roar of the Greasepaint – The Smell of the Crowd\"\npageant from the early 1970s until 2008, used the tune from \"\"A Wonderful Day Like Today\"\". In 2017, Ritchard's recording of \"\"Wonderful Day\"\" was prominently featured in the first episode of \"\"The Marvelous Mrs. Maisel\"\". The Roar of the Greasepaint – The Smell of the Crowd The Roar of the Greasepaint – The Smell of the Crowd is a musical with a book, music, and lyrics by Leslie Bricusse and Anthony Newley. The musical is best known for introducing the standards \"\"A Wonderful Day Like Today\"\", \"\"Who Can I Turn To?\"\", \"\"Feeling Good\"\", and \"\"The Joker\"\" the last of which", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 14 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12917754", "chunk_text": "\"Lee Adams\"\nLee Adams Lee Richard Adams (born August 14, 1924) is an American lyricist best known for his musical theatre collaboration with Charles Strouse. Born in Mansfield, Ohio, Adams is the son of Dr. and Mrs. Leopold Adams and is a graduate of Mansfield Senior High School. He received his Bachelor of Arts degree from Ohio State University and a Master's from Columbia University. Adams won Tony Awards in 1961 for \"\"Bye Bye Birdie\"\" and in 1970 for \"\"Applause\"\" and was nominated for a Tony in 1965 for \"\"Golden Boy\"\". In addition, he wrote the lyrics for \"\"All American\"\", \"\"It's a", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 15 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18839460", "chunk_text": "\"Jim Steinman\"\nmusic for another cabaret show called \"\"Bloodshot Wine\"\". In 1977, a brief workshop was held for a work-in-progress musical called \"\"Neverland\"\". It was based loosely on \"\"Peter Pan\"\" by J. M. Barrie. While preparing the show, Steinman and Meat Loaf, who were touring with the National Lampoon show, felt that three songs were \"\"exceptional\"\" and Steinman began to develop them as part of a seven-song set they wanted to record as an album. The three songs were \"\"Bat Out of Hell\"\", \"\"Heaven Can Wait\"\" and \"\"The Formation of the Pack\"\", which was retitled \"\"All Revved Up With No Place to", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 16 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10180587", "chunk_text": "\"Meredith Willson\"\nto the show as \"\"an Iowan's attempt to pay tribute to his home state\"\". It took Willson some eight years and thirty revisions to complete the musical, for which he wrote more than forty songs. The cast recording of \"\"The Music Man\"\" won the first Grammy Award for Best Original Cast Album (Broadway or TV). In 1959, Willson and his wife Rini recorded an album called \"\"...and Then I Wrote The Music Man\"\", in which they review the history of, and sing songs from, the show. In 2010, Brian d'Arcy James and Kelli O'Hara played Willson and Rini in an", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 17 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8713558", "chunk_text": "\"The Greatest Showman\"\nas P.T. Barnum, spare no expense in production values, add a score by Oscar and Tony winners Benj Pasek and Justin Paul and still end up with the shrill blast of nothing that is \"\"The Greatest Showman\"\"? Ask first-time director Michael Gracey, who cut his teeth on commercials and music videos without ever mastering the crucial knack of building snippets of musical comedy and drama into a satisfying whole.\"\" Justin Chang of the \"\"Los Angeles Times\"\" wrote that the film's failures \"\"are rooted in something deeper: a dispiriting lack of faith in the audience's intelligence, and a dawning awareness of", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 18 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19474130", "chunk_text": "\"Jim Steinman\"\ncompilation also included three new recordings of songs co-written by Steinman, all three of which he produced. They include the hybrid track \"\"Home By Now/No Matter What\"\" and \"\"A Kiss Is a Terrible Thing to Waste\"\" from \"\"Whistle Down the Wind\"\". Also included is the song \"\"Is Nothing Sacred\"\", on which Steinman wrote music for Don Black's lyrics. In 2001, the box set \"\"Andrew Lloyd Webber: Now & Forever\"\" was released. It included a recording, produced by Steinman and Andrew Lloyd Webber, and also co-produced by Steven Rinkoff and Nigel Wright, of the Steinman/Webber song \"\"A Kiss Is a Terrible", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 19 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3181065", "chunk_text": "\"Livingston & Evans\"\nLivingston & Evans Livingston and Evans were the songwriting and composing team of Jay Livingston (1915-2001) and Ray Evans (1915-2007), who worked on movies, television and stage. They met while attending the University of Pennsylvania in Philadelphia. They played together in bands. In either 1937 or 1938, the pair moved to New York City to begin their songwriting careers. They wrote the 1940 hit song \"\"Goodbye Now\"\" for the 1938 Broadway musical revue \"\"Hellzapoppin\"\", but years went by without further success. In 1944, they moved to Hollywood at the instigation of Johnny Mercer to work in films. The following year,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 20 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19474095", "chunk_text": "\"Jim Steinman\"\nJim Steinman James Richard Steinman (born November 1, 1947) is an American composer, lyricist, and Grammy Award-winning record producer responsible for many hit songs. He has also worked as an arranger, pianist and singer. His work has included songs in the adult contemporary, rock and roll, dance, pop, musical theater and film score genres. Beginning his career in musical theater, Steinman's most notable work in the area includes lyrics for \"\"Whistle Down the Wind\"\" and music for \"\"Tanz der Vampire\"\". His work includes such albums as Meat Loaf's \"\"Bat Out of Hell\"\" and \"\"\"\", and producing albums for Bonnie Tyler.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 21 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8713541", "chunk_text": "\"The Greatest Showman\"\nby the press (\"\"Never Enough\"\" reprise). Barnum returns home to find his circus on fire, caused by a fight between the protesters and the troupe. Carlyle, who had tried to save Wheeler not knowing she had already escaped, is rescued by Barnum amid the chaos but suffers serious injuries. The next day, Barnum gets word that the culprits have been caught. The news of Lind's cancellation and Barnum's public intimacy also reaches New York, resulting in his mansion being foreclosed upon and Charity taking Caroline and Helen to her parents' home. Depressed, Barnum retreats to a local bar, where his", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 22 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7455946", "chunk_text": "\"The Roar of the Greasepaint – The Smell of the Crowd\"\nThe Roar of the Greasepaint – The Smell of the Crowd The Roar of the Greasepaint – The Smell of the Crowd is a musical with a book, music, and lyrics by Leslie Bricusse and Anthony Newley. The musical is best known for introducing the standards \"\"A Wonderful Day Like Today\"\", \"\"Who Can I Turn To?\"\", \"\"Feeling Good\"\", and \"\"The Joker\"\" the last of which was covered most successfully by Bobby Rydell. The show title is a transposition of the phrase \"\"the smell of the greasepaint, the roar of the crowd,\"\" referring to the experience of theatre performers. Resembling a", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 23 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11574611", "chunk_text": "Revue\nthe show (for example, \"\"Closer Than Ever\"\" by Richard Maltby, Jr. and David Shire). This type of revue usually showcases songs written by a particular composer or songs made famous by a particular performer. Examples of the former are \"\"Side By Side By Sondheim\"\" (music/lyrics Stephen Sondheim), \"\"Eubie!\"\" (Eubie Blake) \"\"Tom Foolery\"\" (Tom Lehrer), and \"\"Five Guys Named Moe\"\" (songs made popular by Louis Jordan). The eponymous nature of these later revues suggest a continued embrace of a unifying authorial presence in this seemingly scattershot genre, much as was earlier the case with Ziegfeld, Carrol, et al. With different artistic", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 24 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1569513", "chunk_text": "\"Stanley Silverman\"\nbe the later day Cole Porter.\"\"\"\" Silverman has been influenced by the works of Baroque composers Handel, Henry Purcell, Austrian expressionist Arnold Schoenberg, French guitarist Django Reinhardt, songwriters Rodgers and Hart, and Cuban charanga. To celebrate Silverman's 80th birthday on July 5, several concerts and productions are being staged around the world in 2018/9. \"\"Private birthday celebration hosted by James Taylor and Kim Taylor\"\" \"\"Songs from Up From Paradise, Book & Lyrics by Arthur Miller\"\" \"\"Elephant Steps (opera), Libretto by Richard Foreman\"\". \"\"50th anniversary production directed by Patrick Kennedy\"\" \"\"Six Saudades do Brasil for String Quartet\"\" (Premiere) \"\"Guignard Quartet\"\" American", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 25 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3063277", "chunk_text": "\"Larry Grossman (composer)\"\nLarry Grossman (composer) Larry Grossman (born September 3, 1938) is an American composer for theatre, television, film, concerts, and cabaret. Grossman, a native of Chicago, graduated from Northwestern University School Communication in 1960. He started working in New York City as a vocal coach and accompanist. One of his songs was used in the revue \"\"No Shoestrings\"\" (1962). He began working with lyricist Hal Hackady in 1968, and their first piece together was the title song for the play \"\"Play It Again, Sam\"\". Their collaboration led to Grossman's Broadway debut in 1970 where he went on to write the scores", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 26 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12834623", "chunk_text": "\"Stephen Sondheim\"\nStephen Sondheim Stephen Joshua Sondheim (; born March 22, 1930) is an American composer and lyricist known for more than a half-century of contributions to musical theatre. Sondheim has received an Academy Award, eight Tony Awards (more than any other composer, including a Special Tony Award for Lifetime Achievement in the Theatre), eight Grammy Awards, a Pulitzer Prize, a Laurence Olivier Award, and a 2015 Presidential Medal of Freedom. He has been described by Frank Rich of \"\"The New York Times\"\" as \"\"now the greatest and perhaps best-known artist in the American musical theater\"\". His best-known works as composer and", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 27 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1097242", "chunk_text": "\"Stephen Sondheim\"\nStephen Sondheim Stephen Joshua Sondheim (; born March 22, 1930) is an American composer and lyricist known for more than a half-century of contributions to musical theatre. Sondheim has received an Academy Award, eight Tony Awards (more than any other composer, including a Special Tony Award for Lifetime Achievement in the Theatre), eight Grammy Awards, a Pulitzer Prize, a Laurence Olivier Award, and a 2015 Presidential Medal of Freedom. He has been described by Frank Rich of \"\"The New York Times\"\" as \"\"now the greatest and perhaps best-known artist in the American musical theater\"\". His best-known works as composer and", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 28 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6120742", "chunk_text": "\"The Movie Album (Barbra Streisand album)\"\nthe 1947 American film \"\"Road to Rio\"\". A cover of Jevetta Steele's \"\"Calling You\"\" is the ninth track and was specifically written for the soundtrack to the 1987 German film \"\"Bagdad Café\"\". As an addition, it contains a \"\"newly penned third verse\"\" from the song's original writer, Robert Telson. Streisand chose to sing Jimmy Van Heusen and Sammy Cahn's \"\"The Second Time Around\"\" as she felt the song's meaning becomes \"\"much more pleasant when you're older\"\". \"\"Goodbye for Now\"\" was written by Stephen Sondheim for the American film \"\"Reds\"\" (1981). Streisand decided to record the version that appears in the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 29 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8713542", "chunk_text": "\"The Greatest Showman\"\ntroupe find him and explain that, despite their disappointments, they still consider themselves a family that needs him. An inspired Barnum resolves to start anew and not let ambition overtake his loved ones anymore (\"\"From Now On\"\"). Meanwhile, the injured Carlyle wakes in a hospital with Anne by his side. Barnum leaves and finds his wife, and they decide to mend their relationship. Faced with the financial difficulty of rebuilding the circus, the recovering Carlyle steps in, offering to use his earnings from his share of the circus's profits to rebuild it under the condition of becoming a full partner,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 30 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12341058", "chunk_text": "\"Circus World (film)\"\nCircus World (film) Circus World (released as The Magnificent Showman in the United Kingdom) is a 1964 drama film starring John Wayne, Claudia Cardinale and Rita Hayworth. It was directed by Henry Hathaway and produced by Samuel Bronston, with a screenplay by Ben Hecht, Julian Zimet (writing under the pseudonym Julian Halevy) and James Edward Grant, from a story by Bernard Gordon and Nicholas Ray. The film won the Golden Globe Award for Best Song for Dimitri Tiomkin and Ned Washington (lyrics), while Rita Hayworth was nominated for the Best Actress award. Matt Masters (John Wayne), a Wild West circus", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 31 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14939248", "chunk_text": "\"That Was Then, This Is Now\"\nThat Was Then, This Is Now That Was Then, This Is Now is a coming-of age, young adult novel by S. E. Hinton, first published in 1971. Set in the 1960s, it follows the relationship between two friends, Mark and Bryon, who are like brothers, but find their friendship rapidly changing and detoriating. It was later made into a film starring Emilio Estevez and Craig Sheffer. The novel is set in Tulsa, Oklahoma in the 1960s. Mark and Byron having been living together as brothers since the death of Mark's parents. The two often spend time hanging out at the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 32 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17394362", "chunk_text": "\"Jimmy Van Heusen\"\nJimmy Van Heusen James Van Heusen (born Edward Chester Babcock; January 26, 1913 – February 6, 1990) was an American composer. He wrote songs for films, television and theater, and won an Emmy and four Academy Awards for Best Original Song. Born in Syracuse, New York, Van Heusen began writing music while at high school. He renamed himself at age 16, after the shirt makers Phillips-Van Heusen, to use as his on-air name during local shows. His close friends called him \"\"Chet\"\". Studying at Cazenovia Seminary and Syracuse University, he became friends with Jerry Arlen, the younger brother of Harold", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 33 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2903217", "chunk_text": "\"You're a Big Boy Now\"\ncovers by other artists. The jazz bagpiper Rufus Harley plays a small role in the film as a \"\"Scottish pied piper\"\" playing the Irish song \"\"The Kerry Dance.\"\" You're a Big Boy Now You're a Big Boy Now is a 1966 American comedy film written and directed by Francis Ford Coppola about an upper-middle-class young man's coming of age in 1960s Manhattan. Based on David Benedictus' 1963 novel of the same name, it stars Elizabeth Hartman, Peter Kastner, Geraldine Page, Rip Torn, Karen Black, and Julie Harris. Geraldine Page was nominated for an Academy Award, as well as a Golden", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 34 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15674492", "chunk_text": "\"Sammy Cahn\"\nsubject of a chapter in Gilbert Gigliotti's \"\"A Storied Singer: Frank Sinatra as Literary Conceit\"\", \"\"Come [Fly, Dance, and Waltz with] Us on Equal Terms\"\": The Whitmanesque Sinatra of Sammy Cahn,\"\" published by Greenwood Press in 2002. Cahn wrote lyrics for many songs, including: Lyrics for film musicals include \"\"Journey Back to Oz\"\" (1971) (music by Van Heusen) and \"\"The Wizard of Oz\"\" (1982) (music by Joe Hisaishi). Cahn wrote the lyrics for the following Broadway musicals: Sammy Cahn Sammy Cahn (June 18, 1913 – January 15, 1993) was an American lyricist, songwriter and musician. He is best known for", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 35 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2679937", "chunk_text": "\"Que Sera, Sera (Whatever Will Be, Will Be)\"\nQue Sera, Sera (Whatever Will Be, Will Be) \"\"Que Será, Será (Whatever Will Be, Will Be)\"\", first published in 1956, is a popular song written by the songwriting team of Jay Livingston and Ray Evans. The song was introduced in the Alfred Hitchcock film \"\"The Man Who Knew Too Much\"\" (1956), starring Doris Day and James Stewart in the lead roles. Day's recording of the song for Columbia Records (catalog number 40704) made it to number two on the \"\"Billboard\"\" Hot 100 and number one in the UK Singles Chart. From 1968 to 1973, it was the theme song for", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 36 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7875801", "chunk_text": "\"Circus World (film)\"\nhis movies. Circus World (film) Circus World (released as The Magnificent Showman in the United Kingdom) is a 1964 drama film starring John Wayne, Claudia Cardinale and Rita Hayworth. It was directed by Henry Hathaway and produced by Samuel Bronston, with a screenplay by Ben Hecht, Julian Zimet (writing under the pseudonym Julian Halevy) and James Edward Grant, from a story by Bernard Gordon and Nicholas Ray. The film won the Golden Globe Award for Best Song for Dimitri Tiomkin and Ned Washington (lyrics), while Rita Hayworth was nominated for the Best Actress award. Matt Masters (John Wayne), a Wild", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 37 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5728422", "chunk_text": "\"Tom Jones (writer)\"\nTom Jones (writer) Tom Jones (born February 17, 1928, in Littlefield, Texas) is an American lyricist and librettist. Jones' best-known work is \"\"The Fantasticks\"\", which ran off-Broadway from 1960 until 2002, and the hit song from the same, \"\"Try to Remember\"\". Other songs from \"\"The Fantasticks\"\" include \"\"Soon It's Gonna Rain\"\", \"\"Much More\"\" and \"\"I Can See It\"\". He also wrote the screenplay for the 1995 feature film adaptation. Jones acted in a New York City revival of \"\"The Fantasticks\"\", which he also directed. He played the part of the Old Actor, which he played when the musical opened in", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 38 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7951897", "chunk_text": "\"Eddie Snyder\"\nestimated four million times since Sinatra recorded his version. The song won Snyder a Golden Globe Award for Best Original Song in a Film in 1966. Snyder wrote the lyrics of \"\"Spanish Eyes\"\" for Al Martino in 1965, which became a hit in the United Kingdom in 1973. In 1966 he wrote \"\"Every Now and Then\"\" for Doris Day with composer Richard Ahlert. Eddie Snyder died on March 10, 2011 in Lakeland, Florida, at the age of 92. Eddie Snyder Edward Abraham Snyder (February 22, 1919 – March 10, 2011) was an American composer and songwriter. Snyder is credited with", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 39 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5728424", "chunk_text": "\"Harvey Schmidt\"\nHarvey Schmidt Harvey Lester Schmidt (September 12, 1929 – February 28, 2018) was an American composer for musical theatre and illustrator. He was best known for composing the music for the longest running musical in history, \"\"The Fantasticks\"\", which ran off-Broadway for 42 years from 1960 - 2002. Schmidt was born in Dallas, Texas. He attended the University of Texas to study art, but when he met Tom Jones at the university, he started to accompany the drama student on the piano. They soon started writing musicals together, the first being a revue. However, after serving in the Army, Schmidt", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 40 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6053975", "chunk_text": "\"Edward Heyman\"\nOscar Levant), \"\"Love Letters,\"\" \"\"Blue Star\"\" (theme of the television series \"\"Medic\"\"), \"\"The Wonder of You,\"\" \"\"Boo-Hoo,\"\" \"\"Bluebird of Happiness,\"\" and \"\"You're Mine, You!\"\" Heyman was an ASCAP writer inducted into the Songwriters Hall of Fame in 1975. Edward Heyman Edward Heyman (March 14, 1907October 16, 1981) was an American lyricist and producer, best known for his lyrics to \"\"Body and Soul,\"\" \"\"When I Fall in Love,\"\" and \"\"For Sentimental Reasons.\"\" He also contributed to a number of songs for films. Heyman studied at the University of Michigan where he had an early start on his career writing college musicals.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 41 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "407860", "chunk_text": "\"Loren Allred\"\nLoren Allred Loren Allred (born September 7, 1989) is an American singer, songwriter, and pianist. Allred made her Billboard debut with \"\"Never Enough\"\" from the soundtrack to the musical, \"\"The Greatest Showman\"\". Allred is the eldest daughter born to musician parents: her mother, Carol Ann Allred, is a classical soprano and voice teacher and her father, Brady R. Allred, formerly was the director of the Pittsburgh Bach Choir and an artistic director and conductor of Salt Lake Choral Artists. She has three younger sisters, Megan, Brennan, and Karin. After a year of studying musical theatre at Weber State University in", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 42 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8713537", "chunk_text": "\"The Greatest Showman\"\nexplains that he expects great things from his future, and reassures her that they will not be separated. The two keep in touch through letters until they meet again in adulthood (\"\"A Million Dreams\"\"), eventually marrying and raising two daughters, Caroline and Helen, in New York City (\"\"A Million Dreams\"\" reprise). They live a humble life; though Charity is happy, Barnum craves more. Barnum loses his job as a clerk at a shipping company after the company goes bankrupt. In a daring risk, he takes out a large loan from a bank, deceiving them into accepting his former employer's lost", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 43 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11595528", "chunk_text": "\"William Engvick\"\nwere \"\"The Song from Moulin Rouge\"\" and \"\"I'll Remember Today.\"\" William Engvick William Engvick (July 1, 1914 – September 4, 2012) was an American lyricist, many of whose compositions appear in films. Engvick graduated from the University of California, Berkeley in 1937. He is best known for his collaborations with composer Alec Wilder; they produced songs for the Broadway musical \"\"Once Over Lightly\"\" (1942), and for the musical television specials \"\"Miss Chicken Little\"\" (1953), \"\"Pinocchio\"\" (1957). and \"\"Hansel and Gretel\"\" (1958), Engvick was also responsible for a number of English-language lyrics to songs originally composed in French like \"\"Give me", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 44 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9539763", "chunk_text": "\"Howard Ashman\"\nHoward Ashman Howard Elliott Ashman (May 17, 1950 – March 14, 1991) was an American playwright and lyricist. He collaborated with Alan Menken on several works and is most widely known for several animated feature films for Disney, for which Ashman wrote the lyrics and Menken composed the music. Ashman and Menken began their collaboration with the musical \"\"God Bless You, Mr. Rosewater\"\" (1979), for which Ashman directed and wrote both book and lyrics. Their next musical, \"\"Little Shop of Horrors\"\" (1982) for which Ashman again directed and wrote both book and lyrics, became a long-running success and led to", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 45 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20586651", "chunk_text": "\"Barry Michael Harman\"\nChicago, Illinois. His off-Broadway musical Olympus On My Mind, won him an Outer Critics Award for Best Lyrics and received three Drama Desk nominations. His work in TV includes winning Emmy Awards on his first professional job, working a staff writer on The Carol Burnett Show. He won an Emmy Award for an episode of All In The Family, and he also co-wrote the premiere episode of The Jeffersons. He is best known for writing Clifford the Big Red Dog (2000), The Carol Burnett Show (1967), and Allegra's Window (1994). Barry Michael Harman Barry Michael Harman (born March 14, 1952", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 46 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8922765", "chunk_text": "\"59th Tony Awards\"\nand lyrics by Oscar Hammerstein II (a nod to Jackman’s role as Curly in the 1998 London revival at the Royal National Theatre and in the subsequent 1999 musical film) “Top Hat” from Top Hat (1936), music and lyrics by Irving Berlin “I Feel a Song Coming On,” from Every Night at Eight (1935), music by Jimmy McHugh and lyrics by Dorothy Fields “Sit Down, You’re Rockin’ the Boat” from Guys and Dolls (1950), music by and lyrics by Frank Loesser “Don’t Rain on My Parade” from Funny Girl (1968), music by Jule Styne and lyrics by Bob Merrill “Broadway", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 47 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10231763", "chunk_text": "\"Dixie Willson\"\nDixie Willson Dixie Lucile Reiniger Willson (30 July 1890 - 6 February 1974) was an American screenwriter, as well as an author of children's books, novels, and short stories. Willson was born in Estherville, Iowa to John David Willson, a lawyer, and Rosalie Willson \"\"née\"\" Reiniger, a primary school teacher and piano tutor. In 1894 her parents moved to Mason City where her two brothers were born, John Cedric Willson and Robert Meredith Willson, who later came to prominence as the composer of the Broadway hit musical \"\"The Music Man\"\". Willson produced numerous children's books, as well as many short", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 48 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8014508", "chunk_text": "\"Justin Goldner\"\nJustin Goldner Justin Goldner is an American music producer, songwriter, arranger and session musician based in New York City, originally from Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. His performances have been featured on Grammy, Latin Grammy and Tony award-winning projects (\"\"Dear Evan Hansen\"\"), as well as the Golden Globe winning film \"\"The Greatest Showman\"\". He is a frequent contributor to projects by composers Pasek and Paul and Jason Robert Brown, including the latter’s 2014 Broadway musical \"\"The Bridges of Madison County\"\". Goldner has been recognized for his mandolin performances with Sting at Carnegie Hall in 2016 and live on NBC’s \"\"Christmas at Rockefeller Center\"\"", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 49 } ]
test_3444	who sang nice day for a white wedding?	n/a	[ "Billy Idol" ]	[]	n/a	n/a	n/a	[]	[ { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16835071", "chunk_text": "\"White Wedding (song)\"\n\"\"Ritual\"\"; the song's chorus contains the line, \"\"it's a nice night for a black wedding,\"\" an obvious homage to Idol's 1982 hit \"\"White Wedding.\"\" Due to claimed scheduling difficulties, Rob Halford of Judas Priest was featured on the track instead. Notes: White Wedding (song) \"\"White Wedding\"\" is a song by Billy Idol that appeared on his album \"\"Billy Idol\"\" in 1982. It is often considered one of his most recognizable songs, although other Idol songs charted higher. In the US, it peaked at No. 110 on the \"\"Billboard\"\" Bubbling Under the Hot 100 chart on 27 November 1982, then reached", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 0 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5094445", "chunk_text": "\"White Bird (song)\"\nshared the lead vocal with David LaFlamme, died at age 40, in a 1989 automobile accident. White Bird (song) \"\"White Bird\"\" is a 1969 song by San Francisco rock group It's a Beautiful Day, written by David LaFlamme and his then wife Linda LaFlamme (née Neska). \"\"White Bird\"\" was written in December 1967, in Seattle, Washington. Manager Matthew Katz had moved the band there to polish their act at a small Seattle ballroom before booking them into San Francisco nightclubs. Living in the attic of a Victorian house across the street from Volunteer Park, the band had inadequate food and", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 1 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5094440", "chunk_text": "\"White Bird (song)\"\nWhite Bird (song) \"\"White Bird\"\" is a 1969 song by San Francisco rock group It's a Beautiful Day, written by David LaFlamme and his then wife Linda LaFlamme (née Neska). \"\"White Bird\"\" was written in December 1967, in Seattle, Washington. Manager Matthew Katz had moved the band there to polish their act at a small Seattle ballroom before booking them into San Francisco nightclubs. Living in the attic of a Victorian house across the street from Volunteer Park, the band had inadequate food and no transportation during a dreary Seattle winter. The song evolved from the depression of the band's", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 2 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4417042", "chunk_text": "\"A Nice Day for a Posh Wedding\"\nA Nice Day for a Posh Wedding \"\"A Nice Day for a Posh Wedding\"\" is the seventh episode of the second season from the dramedy series \"\"Ugly Betty\"\". It is the 30th episode in the series, which aired on November 8, 2007. The episode was written by Silvio Horta & Marco Pennette and directed by James Hayman. The episode's title is a play on the Billy Idol song \"\"White Wedding\"\" (which features the line \"\"It's a nice day for a white wedding\"\") and Victoria Beckham's nickname in the Spice Girls, \"\"Posh.\"\" The episode begins as Ignacio comes into Betty's bedroom", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 3 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6558955", "chunk_text": "\"White Wedding (song)\"\nThe song was featured in the 1998 film \"\"The Wedding Singer\"\" (in which Idol appears), on the American TV series \"\"My Name Is Earl\"\" and on the British TV series \"\"Blackpool\"\". It was also featured in the 1993 film \"\"True Romance\"\" during the scene where Alabama is being tattooed. It was also featured in the skate videos \"\"CKY\"\" and Toy Machine's Jump Off A Building. The line, \"\"It's a nice day to start again\"\", was featured on the sticker on the front of Idol's 2005 album, \"\"Devil's Playground\"\". The song was remixed as (Trashcan Jack vs Billy Idol) \"\"Club Wedding\"\"", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 4 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9551144", "chunk_text": "\"A Nice Day for a Posh Wedding\"\nplay the designer instead. The episode was well received in a review from \"\"TV Guide\"\", and \"\"Entertainment Weekly\"\". This episode had 10.9 million viewers in the US, placing first in its timeslot with a 26% audience share and placed 9th in weekly ratings. It got less than the pilot episode there (10.1 million), but placed higher in weekly ratings (\"\"Pilot\"\" came 12th). Jeff Buckley's cover of Leonard Cohen's \"\"Hallelujah\"\" plays as Bradford Meade suffers a heart attack at his wedding. The same song was used at the end of \"\"The O.C.\"\" episode featuring Caleb Nichol's wedding. A year later, Caleb", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 5 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8905331", "chunk_text": "\"It's a Beautiful Day\"\nIt's a Beautiful Day from performing in San Francisco, telling them they were not ready. He booked their first public appearances at a club he controlled in Seattle, Washington, formerly known as the Encore Ballroom. Katz renamed the club San Francisco Sound. While in Seattle, the group lived in the attic of an old house owned by Katz while writing and rehearsing new songs in between club performances. Few customers came to the club during the band's engagement in Seattle during December 1967. The band's signature song \"\"White Bird\"\" was inspired by the experiences David and Linda LaFlamme had while", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 6 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6558952", "chunk_text": "\"White Wedding (song)\"\nWhite Wedding (song) \"\"White Wedding\"\" is a song by Billy Idol that appeared on his album \"\"Billy Idol\"\" in 1982. It is often considered one of his most recognizable songs, although other Idol songs charted higher. In the US, it peaked at No. 110 on the \"\"Billboard\"\" Bubbling Under the Hot 100 chart on 27 November 1982, then reached No. 36 on the \"\"Billboard\"\" Hot 100 on 2 July 1983 after it was re-issued. In the UK it reached No. 6 in the UK Singles Chart upon its re-release there in 1985 and 1988, when it was re-issued to promote", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 7 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10723739", "chunk_text": "\"It's a Good Day\"\nit was subsequently included in the album \"\"Young Vic\"\". Perry Como included it on his 1955 RCA Victor album \"\"So Smooth\"\". Bing Crosby recorded \"\"It's a Good Day\"\" on January 28, 1960 and it was issued on a 45rpm disc by RCA Victor. Dean Martin recorded it in 1973 and included it on his album Sittin' on Top of the World. The barbershop quartet PACIFICAIRES recorded it in 1971 as the title track on their album It's A Great Day The song was also sung on November 8, 1963 by Judy Garland on \"\"The Judy Garland Show\"\" and included in", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 8 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2008402", "chunk_text": "\"Lew Spence\"\nLew Spence Lew Spence (June 29, 1920, Cedarhurst, New York – January 9, 2008, Los Angeles) was an American songwriter. Spence received little formal musical training, and led a dance band in his hometown as a teenager. He played piano and sang in his twenties, but did not publish any songs until he was almost 30 years old. For much of his career, he wrote melodies, but toward the end of the 1950s he devoted himself primarily to writing lyrics. Among Spence's best-known songs was \"\"Nice 'n' Easy\"\", recorded by Frank Sinatra; Spence wrote the melody, while Alan Bergman and", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 9 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8905335", "chunk_text": "\"It's a Beautiful Day\"\nflipped a coin and It's a Beautiful Day lost. The band that won was Santana, who became stars overnight. July 5, 1970, the band played the second Atlanta International Pop Festival in Byron, Georgia to an estimated 250,000 people. Pattie Santos sang lead on \"\"White Bird\"\", \"\"Hot Summer Day\"\" and \"\"The Dolphin Song\"\". The band had a regional radio hit with \"\"Don and Dewey\"\". Later that year, the original lineup of the band changed; the LaFlammes had split and Linda left the band, replaced by Fred Webb. The following album, \"\"Marrying Maiden\"\", recorded at Pacific High Recording Studio in San", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 10 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8727882", "chunk_text": "\"Lovely Day (song)\"\nLovely Day (song) \"\"Lovely Day\"\" is a song by American soul and R&B singer Bill Withers. Written by Withers and Skip Scarborough, it was released on December 21, 1977 and appears on Withers' 1978 album \"\"Menagerie\"\". The song is notable for Withers' sustained note towards the end, which at 18 seconds long, is one of the longest ever recorded on a song. Released as a single in late 1977, \"\"Lovely Day\"\" peaked at #6 on the \"\"Billboard\"\" R&B chart and at #30 on the \"\"Billboard\"\" Hot 100 chart in the US in early 1978. It also made the Top 10", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 11 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11618384", "chunk_text": "\"It's a Lovely Day Today\"\nIt's a Lovely Day Today \"\"It's a Lovely Day Today\"\" is a popular song written by Irving Berlin and was published in 1950. It is from the successful musical \"\"Call Me Madam\"\", which was later adapted as a movie. Perry Como and Doris Day had single records of the song that made pop charts of the day, and Ethel Merman recorded it as well. A recording by Perry Como and The Fontaine Sisters with Mitchell Ayres and his orchestra was made in New York City on July 26, 1950. It was released by RCA Victor Records as catalog number 20-3945", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 12 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10723738", "chunk_text": "\"It's a Good Day\"\nIt's a Good Day \"\"It's a Good Day\"\" is a popular song written by Peggy Lee and Dave Barbour and published in 1946. Peggy Lee's recording reached the Billboard charts in January, 1947 peaking at No. 16. The song has been recorded by many singers since its introduction. Peggy Lee dueted the song with Bing Crosby on four occasions on Crosby's Philco Radio Time show in 1946/47 and Crosby sang it solo on the June 11, 1947 program. This version was included in the album \"\"Swingin' with Bing! Bing Crosby's Lost Radio Performances\"\". Vic Damone recorded it in 1946 and", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 13 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8727887", "chunk_text": "\"Lovely Day (song)\"\nSingles Chart. Other artists who have covered the song include: Lovely Day (song) \"\"Lovely Day\"\" is a song by American soul and R&B singer Bill Withers. Written by Withers and Skip Scarborough, it was released on December 21, 1977 and appears on Withers' 1978 album \"\"Menagerie\"\". The song is notable for Withers' sustained note towards the end, which at 18 seconds long, is one of the longest ever recorded on a song. Released as a single in late 1977, \"\"Lovely Day\"\" peaked at #6 on the \"\"Billboard\"\" R&B chart and at #30 on the \"\"Billboard\"\" Hot 100 chart in the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 14 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4035483", "chunk_text": "\"Have a Nice Day (Bon Jovi song)\"\nHave a Nice Day (Bon Jovi song) \"\"Have a Nice Day\"\" is a song by American rock band Bon Jovi. Written, composed and produced by Jon Bon Jovi, Richie Sambora, and John Shanks, \"\"Have a Nice Day\"\" was the first single released from the band's 2005 album of the same name. The overall message of the song can be taken several ways, but reflects an overall theme of both tolerance and defiance, and its title has a discordant effect from its message. Musically, the song features a propulsive blast of power chords, drum beats, and sneering vocals, as well as", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 15 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11618385", "chunk_text": "\"It's a Lovely Day Today\"\n(in USA) and by EMI on the His Master's Voice label as catalog number B 10221. Alberto Semprini, on piano with rhythm accompaniment, recorded it in London on January 25, 1952 as the third song of the medley \"\"Part 2. Hit Medley of Foxtrots from 'Call Me Madam'\"\" along with \"\"You're Just in Love\"\" and \"\"The Best Thing for You\"\". The medley was released by EMI on the His Master's Voice label as catalog number B 10231. The song was later recorded by Ella Fitzgerald 1958 Rosemary Clooney 1984 and Astrud Gilberto 1967, among others. It's a Lovely Day Today", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 16 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5996018", "chunk_text": "\"It's a Lovely Day Tomorrow\"\nIt's a Lovely Day Tomorrow \"\"It's a Lovely Day Tomorrow\"\" is a song written in 1938 by composer Irving Berlin. The song came out of a conversation with British / Hungarian film producer Alexander Korda in a New York taxi cab in 1938. The Munich agreement had just depressed both men. Korda asked Berlin if he had written a war song yet, and a few blocks later Berlin came up with the tune and lyrics. It was first performed in London at the start of the war in 1939 before its American release, which caused a sensation at the time.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 17 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6073799", "chunk_text": "\"Nice 'n' Easy\"\nAlbum of the Year, Best Male Vocal Performance, Best Arrangement. The song \"\"Nice 'n' Easy\"\" was released as a single in 1960 and made it to number 60 on the charts. It was also recorded by Charlie Rich in 1964, Peggy Lee in 1966, Michael Buble in 2004, Natalie Cole in 2008, and Barbra Streisand in 2011. Nancy Sinatra recorded a cover version as single Reprise Records RS.20756 \"\"Happy\"\" b/w \"\" Nice 'n' Easy\"\" and is also included in her album \"\"Nancy\"\" CD version as bonus track. Nice 'n' Easy Nice 'n' Easy is a 1960 album by Frank Sinatra.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 18 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17793158", "chunk_text": "\"Good Day Sunshine\"\nGood Day Sunshine \"\"Good Day Sunshine\"\" is a song by the Beatles on the 1966 album \"\"Revolver\"\". It was written mainly by Paul McCartney and credited to Lennon–McCartney. Leonard Bernstein praised the song for its construction in a 1967 CBS News documentary. Richie Unterberger of AllMusic said the song \"\"radiates optimism and good vibes\"\" and Ian MacDonald said it is \"\"superbly sung by McCartney and exquisitely produced by George Martin and his team\"\" and that it shows the Beatles \"\"at their effortless best.\"\" The song was recorded on 8 June 1966, with overdubs added the following day. McCartney sang the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 19 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19995112", "chunk_text": "\"Freddie White\"\nO'Sullivan (1949-1986), put to music, co-written by White with his then wife, Ann O'Sullivan (Don O'Sullivan's sister). Note: The above albums are available on CD, with the exception of \"\"Long Distance Runner\"\" and the \"\"Have A Nice Day\"\" EP. Freddie White Freddie White (born September 1951 in Cobh, Ireland) is an Irish singer-songwriter. Born in Cobh, County Cork, Ireland into a musical family, by the age of thirteen White was playing in school bands and by seventeen playing professionally. He went to London in 1970 – where he stayed for about two years – to busk and perfect his unique", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 20 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14347129", "chunk_text": "\"Bless the Bride\"\nstylised scenery by Tanya Moiseiwitsch, a break with the realism of earlier musical comedy sets. One of Webb's songs with Guétary, \"\"This Is My Lovely Day\"\", became one of the BBC's most requested songs of all times, and the song's popularity, and that of the show, were increased by their association with the wedding in 1947 of Princess Elizabeth and Lt. Philip Mountbatten. Only four of the songs were recorded as studio singles by the original cast. A \"\"disappointing\"\" studio recording was made in 1967 with Mary Millar and Roberto Cardinali, and a revival was presented in London in 1987.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 21 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5094442", "chunk_text": "\"White Bird (song)\"\nprominent stylistic feature of the song's original arrangement are multiple violin parts overdubbed by LaFlamme. It was first released on the band's 1969 eponymous debut album \"\"It's a Beautiful Day\"\" by Columbia Records. The song quickly became the band's signature tune and a staple of FM Album-oriented rock radio. The album rose to Number 47 on the Billboard 200 album chart. Following the popularity of the album track a single version was edited and remixed for radio play, with a running time of 3:02, and released on October 4, 1969. It rose to as high as Number 3 the week", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 22 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6279637", "chunk_text": "\"It's a Fine Day\"\nIt's a Fine Day \"\"It's a Fine Day\"\" is a song written by English poet and musician Edward Barton. It was originally recorded a cappella in 1983 by Jane, and later by Opus III for whom it was a major international hit in 1992. Barton wrote the lyrics as a poem when living in the Hulme area of Manchester. It was originally sung unaccompanied by, and credited to, Jane – that is, Jane Lancaster, Barton's girlfriend. They recorded and released it independently, and it was played by radio DJ John Peel. It was then heard by Iain McNay of Cherry", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 23 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8289444", "chunk_text": "\"So Nice (album)\"\nSo Nice (album) So Nice is an album by American pop singer Johnny Mathis released through Mercury Records on September 16, 1966. The singer included a trio of musical numbers from \"\"Man of La Mancha\"\" in this set as well as songs from \"\"Funny Girl\"\", \"\"Kismet\"\", and \"\"On a Clear Day You Can See Forever\"\", shows that he had recognized on previous releases. Mathis also covers recent imports from France (\"\"I Will Wait for You\"\", \"\"What Now My Love\"\") and Brazil (\"\"So Nice (Samba de Verao)\"\") and offers a rendition of a 1944 hit record (\"\"I Dream of You\"\") as", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 24 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20467317", "chunk_text": "\"David LaFlamme\"\nperformed with a wide variety of notable San Francisco acts, such as Jerry Garcia and Janis Joplin. He first formed the band Electric Chamber Orkustra, and later, an early version of Dan Hicks and His Hot Licks. Then, in summer 1967 he joined It's A Beautiful Day. Their eponymous LP was released by Columbia Records in 1969, containing their biggest hit, \"\"White Bird\"\". Gary Posie changed his name to his stage name David LaFlamme so to protect his orchestral reputation. He has appeared on the television shows \"\"Frasier\"\", \"\"Ellen\"\", and \"\"Wings\"\", as a strolling violinist who stands right at the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 25 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14386751", "chunk_text": "\"It's a Good Day\"\nof the sitcom \"\"Malcolm in the middle\"\", in the episode \"\"Health scare\"\". The song was featured in the 2009 dark comedy film \"\"World's greatest dad\"\", starring Robin Williams and written and directed by Bobcat Goldthwait. In 2013, the song (Peggy Lee version) was used as backdrop in commercials for the University of Phoenix and also for Garnier. In 1992, Col. Frank Slade (Al Pacino) sings a few lines in the movie \"\"Scent Of A Woman\"\". It's a Good Day \"\"It's a Good Day\"\" is a popular song written by Peggy Lee and Dave Barbour and published in 1946. Peggy Lee's", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 26 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10332105", "chunk_text": "\"It's a Beautiful Day\"\nIt's a Beautiful Day It's a Beautiful Day is an American band formed in San Francisco, California, in 1967, featuring vocalist Pattie Santos along with violinist David LaFlamme and his wife, Linda LaFlamme, on keyboards. David LaFlamme, who as a youth had formerly once performed as a soloist with the Utah Symphony Orchestra, had previously been in the group Orkustra playing five-string violin. The other members of It's a Beautiful Day in its early years were Hal Wagenet (guitar), Mitchell Holman (bass) and Val Fuentes (drums). Although they were one of the earliest and most important San Francisco bands to", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 27 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9551145", "chunk_text": "\"A Nice Day for a Posh Wedding\"\nwould die in the same way – from a heart attack. Both characters were played by Alan Dale. The episode itself made the cover of \"\"TV Guide\"\"<nowiki>'</nowiki>s November 5–11, 2007 issue, with stars America Ferrera, Vanessa Williams and Michael Urie appearing as their characters. During the Bradford Meade/Wilhelmina Slater wedding scene, when Daniel lures Bradford away to talk to him, Amanda Tannen (played by Becki Newton) is encouraged to entertain the crowd. She sings the song \"\"Milkshake\"\" by Kelis; a song which seems to perfectly support the character's male-pursuing, outgoing attitude. This hints once again at the idea of a", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 28 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7638478", "chunk_text": "\"It's a Beautiful Day (album)\"\nKatz settled with CBS where in it was agreed that \"\"In No Event Will CBS Duplicate The Cover Art or Duplicate The Same songs as included in those two albums.\"\" The same is true of the first two Moby Grape albums which are all part or the same court settlement. The only legal source for those IABD and Moby Grape albums are from San Francisco Sound. The group's signature song \"\"White Bird\"\" was inspired by the experiences David and Linda LaFlamme had while living in Seattle, Washington. For a few weeks in December 1967 the group members lived in the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 29 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10332117", "chunk_text": "\"It's a Beautiful Day\"\nband was one of the last acts to appear at Fillmore West in San Francisco. Its performance of \"\"White Bird\"\" appeared as part of the musical documentary film \"\"Fillmore\"\" (1972). The band continued to record \"\"Choice Quality Stuff/Anytime\"\" in 1971, the live album \"\"Live at Carnegie Hall\"\" in 1972 and \"\"It's A Beautiful Day...Today\"\" in 1973, touring until 1974 when it split up after violinist Gregory Bloch left to join the Italian progressive rock group Premiata Forneria Marconi and later the Saturday Night Live Band. In 1976, LaFlamme's solo version of \"\"White Bird\"\" finally cracked the \"\"Billboard\"\" Hot 100, peaking", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 30 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4729325", "chunk_text": "\"One Fine Day (song)\"\nOne Fine Day (song) \"\"One Fine Day\"\" is a song written by Gerry Goffin and Carole King. It first became a popular hit in the summer of 1963 for the American girl group The Chiffons, who reached the top five on the \"\"Billboard\"\" Hot 100 chart. In 1980, King covered her own song and charted at number 12 on the Hot 100 with her version. The song has subsequently been covered by numerous artists over the years. Goffin and King were inspired by the title of the aria \"\"Un bel di vedremo\"\" from the Puccini opera \"\"Madama Butterfly\"\". Intended for", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 31 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7714329", "chunk_text": "\"The Nice\"\nThe Nice The Nice were an English progressive rock band active in the late 1960s. They blended rock, jazz and classical music and were keyboardist Keith Emerson's first commercially successful band. The group was formed in 1967 by Emerson, Lee Jackson, David O'List and Ian Hague to back soul singer P. P. Arnold. After replacing Hague with Brian Davison, the group set out on their own, quickly developing a strong live following. The group's sound was centred on Emerson's Hammond organ showmanship and abuse of the instrument, and their radical rearrangements of classical music themes and Bob Dylan songs. The", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 32 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7399059", "chunk_text": "\"Terrace Ballroom\"\nis apropos chorus, \"\"\"\"They paved Paradise and put up a parking lot\"\".\"\" In 2018, the parcel remains a parking lot. The venue closed in 1981 and was demolished. The site is now occupied by a parking lot. The last concert held at the Terrace Ballroom was actually The David LaFlamme Band, who played there on December 26, 1981. LaFlamme (born Gary Posie) was a former member of San Francisco band It's a Beautiful Day, known for its signature song \"\"White Bird\"\". Terrace Ballroom The Terrace Ballroom was a ballroom, located on 464 South Main Street, in Salt Lake City, Utah.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 33 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1702202", "chunk_text": "\"Gallery (band)\"\nGallery (band) Gallery was a 1970s American soft rock band, formed in Detroit, Michigan by Jim Gold. While Gallery did record a number of songs, they are most famous for their 1972 hit single, \"\"Nice to Be With You\"\", written by Gold. The song was arranged and produced by Dennis Coffey and Mike Theodore and released by Sussex Records. It became an international hit single, reaching the top five in the U.S., Canada, Australia, and New Zealand; sales of one million copies earned the band a gold record. The song reached #4 on the U.S. \"\"Billboard\"\" Hot 100 and remained", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 34 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17784063", "chunk_text": "\"It's a Great Day for the Irish\"\nnow most remembered for the rousing song it introduced into Irish-American culture and as Garland's only death scene on film. The song was originally recorded by Garland on Decca Records in 1940 as a single with another song from the film, \"\"A Pretty Girl Milking Her Cow\"\", on the B-side. The song was a tremendous hit for her and the original Decca version has remained in the catalogue since the 1940s. It was recorded several more times throughout her career with the last time being at the \"\"London Sessions\"\" under the musical direction of Norrie Paramor for Capitol Records in", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 35 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15734943", "chunk_text": "\"A Fine, Fine Day\"\nDay\"\"...is a fine, fine song,\"\" while the \"\"Chicago Tribune\"\" called it a \"\"powerful hit.\"\" Saw Tek Meng of the \"\"New Straits Times\"\" called it \"\"a fine opener [to \"\"Some Tough City\"\"].\"\" A Fine, Fine Day \"\"A Fine, Fine Day\"\" is a single released by American singer and keyboardist Tony Carey. It is the first song on his 1984 album, \"\"Some Tough City\"\". The song, written by Carey, spent 15 weeks on the \"\"Billboard\"\" Hot 100, peaking at #22. It is Carey's highest charting single and one of two to make the top-40, with the other being \"\"The First Day of", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 36 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12585788", "chunk_text": "\"Nice Day\"\nNice Day Nice Day is an EP by His Name Is Alive, released by 4AD in the UK in 1997. After the completion of the tour for \"\"Stars on ESP\"\", His Name Is Alive leader Warren Defever found himself with a steady lineup for perhaps the first time in the band's history; veteran vocalist Karin Oliver and drummer Trey Many, along with newer members: vocalist Lovetta Pippen and bassist Chad Gilchrist, along with Defever himself on guitar, and newer vocalist Erika Hoffman (who sings on four of the six tracks). As a result, Defever was anxious to make a new", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 37 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14479766", "chunk_text": "\"It's a Beautiful Day\"\nviolinist Vanessa-Mae was released in 2001, and reached number 66 in the UK Singles Chart. The song has also been recorded by the bluegrass musician Sam Bush. Current members Former members Timeline It's a Beautiful Day It's a Beautiful Day is an American band formed in San Francisco, California, in 1967, featuring vocalist Pattie Santos along with violinist David LaFlamme and his wife, Linda LaFlamme, on keyboards. David LaFlamme, who as a youth had formerly once performed as a soloist with the Utah Symphony Orchestra, had previously been in the group Orkustra playing five-string violin. The other members of It's", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 38 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18551342", "chunk_text": "\"The Wedding (song)\"\nin Europe and the United States, and numerous artists recorded versions of the song during the early 1960s. Among artists who recorded versions of \"\"The Wedding\"\" during this time were Anita Bryant and Malcolm Vaughan. The song was also a major hit in Japan in a Japanese version by Peggy Hayama, under the original title of \"\"La Novia.\"\" Irish singer Dickie Rock recorded a version of the song in 1988. The Daffodil Junior Australians children's choir recorded a version titled \"\"The Wedding Song\"\" on Troubadour Records in 1972. Julie Rogers heard the song while working in Spain in the early", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 39 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17409196", "chunk_text": "\"Julie Rogers\"\nJulie Rogers Julie Rogers (born Julie Rolls, 6 April 1943, Bermondsey, London, England) is an English pop singer. She is best known for her multi-million selling song, \"\"The Wedding\"\". Rogers, the youngest of five children, had piano lessons and started her career after leaving Kingsbury County Grammar School. She worked as a dancer in Spain, as a secretary in Britain and as a stewardess on a Union-Castle Line ship, before singing with the Teddy Foster Orchestra, with which she toured the UK and America. A&R man Johnny Franz signed her to a recording contract with Philips Records in 1964, and", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 40 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19518078", "chunk_text": "\"It's a Lovely Day Tomorrow\"\nBerlin used it in his 1940 musical \"\"Louisiana Purchase\"\", in which it describes feelings of despair and hope during the American Great Depression, of the 1930s. It was recorded by British artist Vera Lynn and promoted to lift spirits of British people during the darkest days of World War Two and the Blitz. The song contains the following chorus by which it is popularly known. The song's title was used as the title of a made-for-TV film of 1975 called \"\"It's a Lovely Day Tomorrow\"\", which is a drama documentary examining the Bethnal Green Disaster of 1943 in which 173", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 41 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17784065", "chunk_text": "\"It's a Great Day for the Irish\"\nwas recorded by numerous other Irish artists such as: Carmel Quinn, Bing Crosby, Ruby Murray, Daniel O'Donnell and The Clancy Brothers among others. Italian-American singer Connie Francis also recorded the song. The song went on to become a worldwide St. Patrick's Day anthem and its familiar strains are heard on the occasion around the world annually. The lively upbeat song is a favourite played by military and school marching bands everywhere and is now a standard sound for the \"\"Great Day\"\" as popular as \"\"The Wearing of the Green\"\" and has been firmly embedded in Irish-American culture. \"\"(note the Garland", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 42 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11920571", "chunk_text": "\"Gallery (band)\"\nand #7 on WCFL. A year later, \"\"Love Every Little Thing About You\"\" did not chart, and Gallery disbanded. Gallery (band) Gallery was a 1970s American soft rock band, formed in Detroit, Michigan by Jim Gold. While Gallery did record a number of songs, they are most famous for their 1972 hit single, \"\"Nice to Be With You\"\", written by Gold. The song was arranged and produced by Dennis Coffey and Mike Theodore and released by Sussex Records. It became an international hit single, reaching the top five in the U.S., Canada, Australia, and New Zealand; sales of one million", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 43 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2980647", "chunk_text": "\"Sweet Sir Galahad\"\nSweet Sir Galahad \"\"Sweet Sir Galahad\"\" is a song written by Joan Baez that she famously performed at the Woodstock Festival in August 1969, after having debuted it during an appearance in a Season Three episode of \"\"The Smothers Brothers Comedy Hour\"\", which aired on March 30, 1969. A recording of the song, first released as a single in late 1969, would lead off Baez's 1970 album \"\"One Day at a Time\"\". The song tells the story of Baez's younger sister Mimi Fariña and her marriage (her second) to music producer Milan Melvin. (Mimi's first husband Richard Fariña had died", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 44 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6279638", "chunk_text": "\"It's a Fine Day\"\nRed Records, who obtained the rights to the record and released it more widely on his label in 1983. It reached number 5 on the UK Indie Chart, and later appeared, credited to Jane and Barton, on their eponymous mini-album \"\"Jane and Barton\"\". This version of the song appeared on the 2013 indie-pop compilation album \"\"\"\". Jane's unaccompanied vocal version of the song was given a backing track by A Guy Called Gerald in 1992. Also in 1992, the song was covered by Opus III, whose lead vocalist was Kirsty Hawkshaw. In 2010 the song was named the 182nd best", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 45 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10332119", "chunk_text": "\"It's a Beautiful Day\"\nhe met in 1974, Linda Baker LaFlamme (vocals), Toby Gray (basses and producer), Gary Thomas (keyboards and producer), Rob Espinosa (guitars) and Michael Prichard (percussion). They continue performing today, with LaFlamme contributing to Jefferson Starship's 2008 release, \"\"Jefferson's Tree of Liberty\"\". This line-up was the longest continual group that has ever performed the band's material. In 2014, Rob Cunningham replaced Espinosa on lead guitar. The song \"\"White Bird\"\" was used in the 2015 film \"\"Focus\"\" starring Will Smith and Margot Robbie, and was used in 2013's \"\"Adult World\"\" starring Emma Roberts, Evan Peters, and John Cusack; the album cover is", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 46 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3893023", "chunk_text": "\"It's a Beautiful Day\"\nalso visible in one shot. The song \"\"White Bird\"\" is featured in the first season Knight Rider episode of the same name (Season 1, Episode 19, 4 March 1983). The song also featured in two further episodes of Knight Rider: \"\"Let it Be Me\"\" (Season 2, Episode 23, 13 May 1984) and \"\"The Scent of Roses\"\" (Season 4, Episode 12, 3 January 1986). In all three episodes it represented the love theme between the characters of Michael Knight and Stephanie 'Stevie' Mason (who had the surname alias of March in the 2nd Season episode). A version of \"\"White Bird\"\" by", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 47 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8905333", "chunk_text": "\"It's a Beautiful Day\"\n4, 1968. Around this time, the band first began a long process of trying to disentangle themselves from Katz. The band's debut album, \"\"It's a Beautiful Day\"\", was produced by David LaFlamme in Los Angeles, California, and released by Columbia Records in 1969. It features tracks such as \"\"White Bird\"\", \"\"Hot Summer Day\"\", and \"\"Time Is\"\". The album reached number 47 in the U.S. charts and number 58 in the UK. The theme from the song \"\"Bombay Calling\"\" was later used, at a slower tempo, by Deep Purple as the intro to \"\"Child in Time\"\" on its \"\"Deep Purple in", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 48 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18232118", "chunk_text": "\"Paul Whiteman\"\nJazz Outfit, the Cotton Pickers (1922), and Django Reinhardt Et Le Quintette Du Hot Club De France. Herb Alpert and Al Hirt were influenced by the Paul Whiteman Orchestra, particularly the solo work of trumpeter Henry Busse, especially his solo on \"\"Rhapsody in Blue\"\". Whiteman composed the standard \"\"Wonderful One\"\" in 1922 with Ferde Grofé and Dorothy Terris (also known as Theodora Morse), based on a theme by film director Marshall Neilan. The songwriting credit is assigned as music composed by Paul Whiteman, Ferde Grofe, and Marshall Neilan, with lyrics by Dorothy Terriss. The single reached #3 on Billboard in", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 49 } ]
test_3445	who is the authority or governing body of mca?	n/a	[ "Indian government" ]	[]	n/a	n/a	n/a	[]	[ { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20198168", "chunk_text": "\"Minerals Council of Australia\"\nproven technology, affordability and safety. Minerals Council of Australia The Minerals Council of Australia (MCA) is an industry association, notable for representing companies that generate most of Australia's mining output. The MCA was founded in 1995. It used to be known as the Australian Mining Industry Council which was established in 1960. The Minerals Council is an associate member of the World Coal Association. In an effort to integrate sustainability concepts into the mining industry members of the Council must release sustainability reports. Annual reports into the mining industry's safety and health performance data are published to encourage continuous improvement.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 0 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2451390", "chunk_text": "\"Marie Curie Alumni Association\"\nAssembly of 23 November 2013 in Brussels, Belgium, with the support of the European Commission’s Directorate General for Education and Culture (DG EAC). The MCAA’s legal status is Association Internationale Sans But Lucratif (AISBL) – a non-profit international association. The Office is registered at Avenue des Arts 24 in Brussels, Belgium. The MCAA comprises three management bodies: The Board was elected at the General Assembly. Its members are: a Chair, two Vice-Chairs, a Treasurer, a Secretary and six Ordinary Board Members. The MCAA has ten working groups: MCAA Chapters The MCAA has many chapters, throughout Europe and globally, among them:", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 1 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13173536", "chunk_text": "\"Marine Corps Association\"\nMarine Corps Association The Marine Corps Association (often abbreviated MCA) is the professional organization for members of the United States Marine Corps and friends of the Corps. It is known for its publications \"\"Leatherneck Magazine\"\" and \"\"Marine Corps Gazette\"\". As of 2009, MCA became part of MCA&F, the Marine Corps Association & Foundation. The MCA occupies a similar role with respect to the Marine Corps that the United States Naval Institute does for the United States Navy, the Association of the United States Army does for the United States Army, and the Air Force Association does for the United States", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 2 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12418278", "chunk_text": "\"Maritime and Coastguard Agency\"\nMaritime and Coastguard Agency The Maritime and Coastguard Agency (MCA) is an executive agency of the United Kingdom working to prevent the loss of lives at sea and is responsible for implementing British and international maritime law and safety policy. It is also responsible for land based search and rescue helicopter operations from 2015. Its responsibilities include coordinating search and rescue (SAR) on the coastline and at sea through Her Majesty's Coastguard (HMCG), ensuring that ships meet international and UK safety standards, monitoring and preventing coastal water pollution and testing and issuing Merchant Navy Certificates of Competency (licences) for ships'", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 3 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12418279", "chunk_text": "\"Maritime and Coastguard Agency\"\nofficers and crew to STCW requirements. The organisation is led by Sir Alan Massey, its Chief Executive, who took up post in July 2010. The MCA are chiefly responsible for the syllabus and national training standards issued by the Merchant Navy Training Board (based at the UK Chamber of Shipping). The MCA has three distinct \"\"outward facing\"\" elements - provision of search and rescue and prevention activity through Her Majesty's Coastguard, port and flag state control of shipping through a network of Marine Offices and the development of international standards and policy for shipping through the International Maritime Organization. The", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 4 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5476293", "chunk_text": "\"Medical Council of India\"\nMedical Council of India The Medical Council of India (MCI) Indian Medical Council (Amendment) Ordinance, 2018 (Ordinance 8 of 2018), the Medical Council of India shall stand superseded now is not a statutory body for establishing uniform and high standards of medical education in India. The Council grants recognition of medical qualifications, gives accreditation to medical schools, grants registration to medical practitioners, and monitors medical practice in India. The current President of MCI is Dr. Jayshreeben Mehta. Now the Supreme Court has allowed the Central Government to replace the medical council and with the help of five specialized doctors monitor", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 5 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5615234", "chunk_text": "\"Mumbai Cricket Association\"\nMumbai Cricket Association The Mumbai Cricket Association (MCA; Marathi: मुंबई क्रिकेट संघ) is the governing body for cricket in Mumbai and its surrounding regions like Thane and Navi Mumbai. The jurisdiction of MCA includes the area up to Dahanu in the Western Suburbs, Badlapur in the Central Suburbs, and Navi Mumbai up to Kharghar. The association comes under west zone. The Association was established in 1930 and it has a Constitution. Sharad Pawar was re-elected as the president of Mumbai Cricket Association (MCA) after defeating Vijay Patil by a margin of 27 votes at the biennial elections held in Mumbai.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 6 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1451657", "chunk_text": "\"Civil Aviation Authority (Macau)\"\nCivil Aviation Authority (Macau) Civil Aviation Authority of Macau SAR (CAA, , , AACM) is the Civil Aviation Authority in Macau and responsible for controlling and regulating air traffic an airspace within Macau. Its head office is on the 18th floor of the Cheng Feng Commercial Centre (, ) in Sé (Cathedral Parish). Simon Chan Weng Hong () is the president of the CAA. The CAAM (or AACM) is a department of the Secretariat for Transport and Public Works (Macau). It was formally created in 1991 to replace the Macau International Airport Office (O Gabinete do Aeroporto Internacional de Macau)", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 7 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5476298", "chunk_text": "\"Medical Council of India\"\ntemporarily out of service due to maintenance work. Medical Council of India The Medical Council of India (MCI) Indian Medical Council (Amendment) Ordinance, 2018 (Ordinance 8 of 2018), the Medical Council of India shall stand superseded now is not a statutory body for establishing uniform and high standards of medical education in India. The Council grants recognition of medical qualifications, gives accreditation to medical schools, grants registration to medical practitioners, and monitors medical practice in India. The current President of MCI is Dr. Jayshreeben Mehta. Now the Supreme Court has allowed the Central Government to replace the medical council and", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 8 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19719326", "chunk_text": "\"Ministry of Corporate Affairs\"\nMinistry of Corporate Affairs The Ministry of Corporate Affairs (MCA) is an Indian government ministry.This Ministry is primarily concerned with administration of the Companies Act 2013, the Companies Act 1956, the Limited Liability Partnership Act, 2008 & other allied Acts and rules & regulations framed there-under mainly for regulating the functioning of the corporate sector in accordance with law. It is responsible mainly for regulation of Indian enterprises in Industrial and Services sector. The current minister of corporate affairs is Arun Jaitley. The current Minister of State for Corporate Affairs is Mr. PP Choudhary. The ministry administers the following acts:", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 9 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14940384", "chunk_text": "\"Governing Body Commission\"\nGoverning Body Commission The Governing Body Commission (GBC) is the managerial authority of the International Society for Krishna Consciousness (ISKCON). ISKCON's founder, A.C. Bhaktivedanta Swami Prabhupada, created the GBC in 1970 and since then it has met on an annual basis, usually in Mayapur, India. The GBC is entrusted with both spiritual and secular leadership of the ISKCON communities, as well as the power to appoint new gurus. According to a GBC confidence survey, \"\"those holding critical views of the GBC were far less committed to ISKCON.\"\" In February 2009, Romapada Swami was elected GBC Chairman, succeeding Ramai Swami. According", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 10 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11461792", "chunk_text": "\"Master for community management\"\nMaster for community management Master of Community Association Management (MCAM) is a professional certification in property management earned through the California Association of Community Managers (CACM). Those certified as an MCAM are deemed by the association to have earned a specialty certificate in a management specialization from CACM and have completed requirements which include; six (6) years of good standing as a CCAM, application process, three-part comprehensive assessment exam. These individuals demonstrate advanced working knowledge of professional competence in the management and administration of common interest developments (also called CIDs), which are generally townhome, condominium or homeowner associations or cooperatives.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 11 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2591258", "chunk_text": "\"Master for community management\"\nMaster for community management Master of Community Association Management (MCAM) is a professional certification in property management earned through the California Association of Community Managers (CACM). Those certified as an MCAM are deemed by the association to have earned a specialty certificate in a management specialization from CACM and have completed requirements which include; six (6) years of good standing as a CCAM, application process, three-part comprehensive assessment exam. These individuals demonstrate advanced working knowledge of professional competence in the management and administration of common interest developments (also called CIDs), which are generally townhome, condominium or homeowner associations or cooperatives.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 12 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19363562", "chunk_text": "\"Standardization Administration of China\"\nStandardization Administration of China The Standardization Administration of the People's Republic of China (SAC; ) is the standards organization authorized by the State Council of China to exercise administrative responsibilities by undertaking unified management, supervision and overall coordination of standardization work in China. The SAC represents China within the International Organization for Standardization (ISO), the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) and other international and regional standardization organizations; the SAC is responsible for organizing the activities of the Chinese National Committee for ISO and IEC; the SAC approves and organizes the implementation of international cooperation and the exchange of projects on standardization.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 13 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16107271", "chunk_text": "\"Malaysian Chinese Association\"\nthe MH370 incident. In the 2018 election, MCA suffered its worst ever defeat, as it has lost all state seats it has contested, and only managed to retain one elected representative in the national parliament - Wee Ka Siong, who represents Ayer Hitam constituency in Johor. MCA, as part of the Barisan Nasional coalition, was also relegated to the opposition for the first time since independence. Party leader Liow decided not to stand for party polls after his defeat. Wee Ka Siong was elected President on 4 November 2018. Incumbent leadership of MCA was elected by general assembly delegates on", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 14 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20198165", "chunk_text": "\"Minerals Council of Australia\"\nMinerals Council of Australia The Minerals Council of Australia (MCA) is an industry association, notable for representing companies that generate most of Australia's mining output. The MCA was founded in 1995. It used to be known as the Australian Mining Industry Council which was established in 1960. The Minerals Council is an associate member of the World Coal Association. In an effort to integrate sustainability concepts into the mining industry members of the Council must release sustainability reports. Annual reports into the mining industry's safety and health performance data are published to encourage continuous improvement. The Minerals Council spent $15.78", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 15 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10755554", "chunk_text": "\"Mainland Affairs Council\"\nMainland Affairs Council The Mainland Affairs Council (MAC) is a cabinet-level administrative agency under the Executive Yuan of Taiwan. The MAC is responsible for the planning, development, and implementation of policies between the Republic of China on Taiwan and the People's Republic of China which administers mainland China, Hong Kong and Macau. The MAC's counterpart body in the PRC is the Taiwan Affairs Office. Both states officially claim each other's territory, however the Republic of China controls only Taiwan and surrounding islands, and therefore is usually known as \"\"Taiwan\"\", sometimes referred to as the \"\"Free Area\"\" of the Republic of", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 16 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16119526", "chunk_text": "\"Medicines and Healthcare products Regulatory Agency\"\nMedicines and Healthcare products Regulatory Agency The Medicines and Healthcare products Regulatory Agency (MHRA) is an executive agency of the Department of Health and Social Care in the United Kingdom which is responsible for ensuring that medicines and medical devices work and are acceptably safe. MHRA was formed in 2003 with the merger of the Medicines Control Agency (MCA) and the Medical Devices Agency (MDA). In April 2013, it merged with the National Institute for Biological Standards and Control (NIBSC) and was rebranded, with MHRA identity being used solely for the regulatory centre within the group. The Agency employs more", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 17 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14960517", "chunk_text": "\"Marketing Accountability Standards Board\"\nproducts and services with little technical information. The Marketing Accountability Foundation (MAF) is the independent, private sector, self-governing organization that oversees the activities of the Board. It provides oversight, administration and funding for its standards-setting Board (MASB) and its Advisory Council (MAC) and selects the MASB Directors and MAC Advisors. It is authorized by its constituency to establish and improve marketing measurement and accountability standards, educate constituents about those standards, and protect the independence and integrity of the standards-setting process. The Foundation is incorporated exclusively for charitable, educational, scientific, and literary purposes within the meaning of Section 501(c) (3) of", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 18 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1451658", "chunk_text": "\"Civil Aviation Authority (Macau)\"\ncreated in 1987. Some of the roles of the Airport Office was taken over by the CAM-Macau International Airport Company Limited. The AACM is headed by the President, who reports to the General Committee (as a member) and the Administrative Committee (as the head). Like Hong Kong, the CAAM is an independent authority from the Civil Aviation Administration of China. The CAAM controls the airspace within Macau. It also investigates aviation accidents and incidents. Civil Aviation Authority (Macau) Civil Aviation Authority of Macau SAR (CAA, , , AACM) is the Civil Aviation Authority in Macau and responsible for controlling and", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 19 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20419251", "chunk_text": "\"Ministry of Civil Aviation (Egypt)\"\nMinistry of Civil Aviation (Egypt) The Ministry of Civil Aviation of Egypt (MCA, ) is the ministry in charge of civil aviation in Egypt. The ministry sets civil aviation regulations, sets airworthiness and all flight rules, and air standards that must be met, making amendments, as needed. It ensures Egyptian airline and flight operations follow safety rules such as those put forth by International Aviation - European Common Aviation Area (ECAA). One of the ministry's most important duties is to conduct investigations of airplane crashes and to provide progress reports on such investigations. Then the ministry negotiates the resumption of", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 20 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3687751", "chunk_text": "\"International Association of Medical Colleges\"\nassurance. The Regulator/administrator panel is an independent; its members bi-annually elect the panel’s Chair, Secretary and treasurer from among its members. The current Panel Chair have a non-voting, permanent seat on the Board of Trustees. The Panel has its own by laws. The Ethics Committee is composed of both practicing physicians and prominent scientifically trained academic teachers of medical ethics. Some countries have endorsed IAOMC to accredit medical schools in their country. The executive committee of Medical Council of India (MCI) appointed one of the members as official representative of India in the IAOMC Board of Trustees. Although, the Federal", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 21 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20876923", "chunk_text": "\"Chew Mei Fun\"\nChew Mei Fun Datin Paduka Chew Mei Fun (; born 17 October 1964) is a Malaysian politician. She is the current Secretary-General of Malaysian Chinese Association (MCA). She is a former Deputy Minister of Women, Family and Community Development. Chew holds a Bachelor of Arts in Literature from the National Chengchi University in Taipei and a Master of Arts in Chinese Studies from the Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman. Chew was appointed as Deputy Minister of Women, Family and Community Development by the 6th Prime Minister of Malaysia, Najib Razak on 9 April 2009 in Putrajaya. She was sworn-in before the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 22 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20876926", "chunk_text": "\"Chew Mei Fun\"\nSenator. She resigned as a Senator on 27 June 2017. After Wee Ka Siong was elected as the 11th President of MCA, he selected Chew to become the new and first female MCA Secretary-General. Chew Mei Fun Datin Paduka Chew Mei Fun (; born 17 October 1964) is a Malaysian politician. She is the current Secretary-General of Malaysian Chinese Association (MCA). She is a former Deputy Minister of Women, Family and Community Development. Chew holds a Bachelor of Arts in Literature from the National Chengchi University in Taipei and a Master of Arts in Chinese Studies from the Universiti Tunku", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 23 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16119527", "chunk_text": "\"Medicines and Healthcare products Regulatory Agency\"\nthan 1,300 people. MHRA is divided into three main centres: In 1999, the Medicines Control Agency (MCA) took over control of the General Practice Research Database (GPRD) from Office for National Statistics. Medicines Control Agency (MCA) and the Medical Devices Agency (MDA) merged in 2003 to form MHRA. In April 2012, the GPRD was expanded and relaunched as the Clinical Practice Research Datalink (CPRD). In April 2013, MHRA merged with the National Institute for Biological Standards and Control (NIBSC) and was rebranded, with MHRA identity being used for the parent organisation and one of the centres within the group. At", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 24 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5015317", "chunk_text": "\"Massachusetts Convention Center Authority\"\nMassachusetts Convention Center Authority The Massachusetts Convention Center Authority (MCCA) owns and oversees the operation of the Boston Convention & Exhibition Center (BCEC), the John B. Hynes Veterans Memorial Convention Center, The Lawn on D, the MassMutual Center in Springfield, Massachusetts, and the Boston Common Garage. The MCCA controls 30 acres of prime undeveloped land in Boston's South Boston Waterfront. The Massachusetts Convention Center Authority's (MCCA) mission is to generate significant regional economic activity by attracting conventions, tradeshows, and other events to its world-class facilities while maximizing the investment return for the residents and businesses in the Commonwealth of Massachusetts.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 25 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20436843", "chunk_text": "\"Standardization Administration of China\"\nMinistry of Agriculture interfaces with the Food and Agriculture Organization and the Codex Alimentarius Commission. The State Administration of Quality Supervision, Inspection and Quarantine (AQSIQ) interfaces with the IOML, the APLMF and the APEC/Sub-Committee on Standards and Conformance (SCSC). Known as the CNCA. The SAC interfaces with the IEC, the APEC/SCSC, the JTC1, the ISO and the PASC. The Ministry of Industry and Information Technology (MIIT) interfaces with the ITU. Standardization technical committees Standardization Administration of China The Standardization Administration of the People's Republic of China (SAC; ) is the standards organization authorized by the State Council of China to", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 26 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17827556", "chunk_text": "\"Military Aviation Authority\"\nis a Director and Director (Technical). Air Marshal Tim Anderson (2010 - 2013) Air Marshal Richard Garwood (2013 - 2015) Military Aviation Authority The Military Aviation Authority (MAA) is an organisation within the British Ministry of Defence and is the single regulatory authority responsible for regulating all aspects of Air Safety across Defence, with full oversight of all Defence aviation activity. It is part of the MoD, but operates independently, via a Charter signed by the Secretary_of_State_for_Defence. The MAA was established on 1 April 2010 in response to the recommendations made by Mr Justice Haddon-Cave in his Nimrod Review, which", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 27 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12418280", "chunk_text": "\"Maritime and Coastguard Agency\"\nMCA has now established an automatic identification system (AIS) network around the UK coast, for real-time tracking and monitoring of shipping movements from the shore. Its motto is \"\"\"\"Safer Lives, Safer Ships, Cleaner Seas\"\"\"\". Maritime and Coastguard Agency The Maritime and Coastguard Agency (MCA) is an executive agency of the United Kingdom working to prevent the loss of lives at sea and is responsible for implementing British and international maritime law and safety policy. It is also responsible for land based search and rescue helicopter operations from 2015. Its responsibilities include coordinating search and rescue (SAR) on the coastline and", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 28 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18292389", "chunk_text": "\"International Accreditation Forum\"\nproducts or services. The highest level of authority in IAF is the Members in a General Meeting. General Meetings make decisions and lay down policy in the name of the members. The Board is responsible for legal actions to be carried out on behalf of the members, for developing broad policy directions for IAF and for ensuring that the day-to-day work of IAF is carried out in accordance with policies approved by members. The terms of reference, tasks and duties as defined by the Bylaws and the Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) remain unchanged for the members at a General Meeting,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 29 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19367509", "chunk_text": "\"Music Council of Australia\"\nMusic Council of Australia The Music Council of Australia (MCA) is a national peak music organisation for Australia. It is the official Australian representative to the UNESCO world peak music organization, the International Music Council (IMC), Paris. The MCA It is also a member of the International Network for Cultural Diversity (INCD), Ottawa. The 50-member council of the MCA includes nominees of major national music organisations and individual experts. It conducts research, gathers and disseminates information and undertakes advocacy on issues in the musical life of Australia it considers important. The Executive Director of the Music Council of Australia is", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 30 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4345404", "chunk_text": "\"Department of Standards Malaysia\"\nall accreditation schemes by Standards Malaysia Malaysia, through Standards Malaysia has been accepted as a signatory to various regional and international arrangements.At the regional level Standards Malaysia is a signatory to the Asia Pacific Laboratory Accreditation Cooperation Mutual Recognition Arrangement (APLAC MRA) and Pacific Accreditation Cooperation Multilateral Recognition Arrangement (PAC MLA). As for at the international level, Standards Malaysia is a signatory to the International Laboratory Accreditation Cooperation Mutual Recognition Arrangement (ILAC MRA) and International Accreditation Forum Multilateral Recognition Arrangement (IAF MLA). The main functions of the MSAC are: Department of Standards Malaysia The Department of Standards Malaysia (Standards Malaysia)", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 31 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5615235", "chunk_text": "\"Mumbai Cricket Association\"\nPawar defeated Patil 172-145 in a straight contest for MCA president. Mumbai Cricket Association The Mumbai Cricket Association (MCA; Marathi: मुंबई क्रिकेट संघ) is the governing body for cricket in Mumbai and its surrounding regions like Thane and Navi Mumbai. The jurisdiction of MCA includes the area up to Dahanu in the Western Suburbs, Badlapur in the Central Suburbs, and Navi Mumbai up to Kharghar. The association comes under west zone. The Association was established in 1930 and it has a Constitution. Sharad Pawar was re-elected as the president of Mumbai Cricket Association (MCA) after defeating Vijay Patil by a", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 32 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16107247", "chunk_text": "\"Malaysian Chinese Association\"\nMalaysian Chinese Association The Malaysian Chinese Association (MCA; ; ; formerly known as Malayan Chinese Association) is a uni-racial political party in Malaysia that seeks to represents the Malaysian Chinese ethnicity; it is one of the three major component parties of the opposition coalition in Malaysia called the Barisan Nasional (BN) in Malay, or National Front in English. Along with the largest and third largest component party in BN, i.e. United Malays National Organisation (UMNO) and Malaysian Indian Congress (MIC), MCA has a significant influence over the political arena in Malaysia. Through its holding of companies such as Huaren Holdings,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 33 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20472707", "chunk_text": "\"Monetary Authority of Macao\"\nduties: Monetary Authority of Macao The Monetary Authority of Macao also known as Monetary Authority of Macau (, abbr. as AMCM; ) is the central bank of Macau. The regulatory institution established on December 20, 1999, upon the transfer of the sovereignty of Macau from Portugal to the People's Republic of China as the Macau Special Administrative Region (MSAR). It was formerly known as the \"\"Monetary and Foreign Exchange Authority of Macao\"\" (, abbr. as AMCM), which was created on July 1, 1989. According to decree-law no. 14/96/M of 11 March, the Monetary Authority of Macao carries the following major", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 34 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5506828", "chunk_text": "\"Medical Council of Canada\"\nMedical Council of Canada Medical Council of Canada (MCC) \"\"(French: Le Conseil médical du Canada)\"\" is an organization that is charged with assessing medical candidates, evaluation of physicians through exams and granting a qualification called Licentiate of the Medical Council of Canada (LMCC) to those who wish to practise medicine in Canada. MCC is governed by a 51-member Executive Board of Council, who meets once a year to discuss budgets, policies and assets. The day-to-day operation is carried out by the Executive Director, currently Dr. M. Ian Bowmer. Founded by the \"\"Canada Medical Act\"\" in 1912 through the effort of", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 35 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17827554", "chunk_text": "\"Military Aviation Authority\"\nMilitary Aviation Authority The Military Aviation Authority (MAA) is an organisation within the British Ministry of Defence and is the single regulatory authority responsible for regulating all aspects of Air Safety across Defence, with full oversight of all Defence aviation activity. It is part of the MoD, but operates independently, via a Charter signed by the Secretary_of_State_for_Defence. The MAA was established on 1 April 2010 in response to the recommendations made by Mr Justice Haddon-Cave in his Nimrod Review, which called for a radical overhaul of military airworthiness regulation (RN, Army or RAF). The authority incorporates the former Directorate of", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 36 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18524658", "chunk_text": "\"Environmental governance in Brazil\"\nnorms that are imposed by the constitution. The head of this system’s structure is the National Government Council, which is the top advisory body, of the Brazilian President, for formulating the guidelines and national environmental policies. Below this comes the National Environment Council (CONAMA), which is the agency that advises the national government and deliberates over rules and standards suitable for protecting the environment, which must be followed by state and municipal governments. Following this comes the Ministry of the Environment (MMA), which plans, coordinates, supervises and controls the national environmental policy and guidelines established for the environment, performing the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 37 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4181664", "chunk_text": "\"Canadian Heraldic Authority\"\nCanadian Heraldic Authority The Canadian Heraldic Authority (CHA; ) is part of the Canadian honours system under the Canadian monarch, whose authority is exercised by the Governor General of Canada. The authority is responsible for the creation and granting of new coats of arms (armorial bearings), flags, and badges for Canadian citizens, government agencies, municipal, civic and other corporate bodies. The authority also registers existing armorial bearings granted by other recognized heraldic authorities, approves military badges, flags, and other insignia of the Canadian Forces, and provides information on heraldic practices. The CHA is the Canadian counterpart of the College of", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 38 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19719327", "chunk_text": "\"Ministry of Corporate Affairs\"\nIn August 2013 The Companies Act, 2013 passed. It will regulate fraud by corporations and is intended to avoid the accounting scandals such as the Satyam scandal which have plagued India. It replaces The Companies Act, 1956 which has proven outmoded in terms of handling 21st century problems. The Ministry has constituted a Committee for framing of National Competition Policy (India) and related matters (formulate amendments in the Act) under the Chairmanship of Dhanendra Kumar, former Chairman of Competition Commission of India. Ministry of Corporate Affairs Official Website Ministry of Corporate Affairs The Ministry of Corporate Affairs (MCA) is an", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 39 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12434538", "chunk_text": "\"Mason Contractors Association of America\"\nMason Contractors Association of America The Mason Contractors Association of America (MCAA) is the national trade association in the United States of America representing mason contractors. The MCAA is committed to preserving and promoting the masonry industry by providing continuing education, advocating fair codes and standards, fostering a safe work environment, recruiting future manpower, and marketing the benefits of masonry materials. The Mason Contractors Association of America has a full-time staff in Washington, D.C. representing the interests of MCAA members. The association works closely with key members of the United States Congress, United States federal departments such as the Department", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 40 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "926404", "chunk_text": "\"International Federation of Medical Students' Associations\"\nthe General Assembly, the executive process is in the hands of the International Board and the controlling power is in the hands of the Supervising Council. The General Assembly (GA) is composed of representatives of all NMO's, and meets twice a year in March and August. The General Assembly decides the activities of IFMSA, the regulations, and the management and elects the Team of Officials and the Supervising Council. The General Assembly elects the Team of Officials (TO) each year. It is composed of the Executive Board (EB), Standing Committee Directors, Liaison Officers and Regional Directors. The Executive Board is", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 41 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20472706", "chunk_text": "\"Monetary Authority of Macao\"\nMonetary Authority of Macao The Monetary Authority of Macao also known as Monetary Authority of Macau (, abbr. as AMCM; ) is the central bank of Macau. The regulatory institution established on December 20, 1999, upon the transfer of the sovereignty of Macau from Portugal to the People's Republic of China as the Macau Special Administrative Region (MSAR). It was formerly known as the \"\"Monetary and Foreign Exchange Authority of Macao\"\" (, abbr. as AMCM), which was created on July 1, 1989. According to decree-law no. 14/96/M of 11 March, the Monetary Authority of Macao carries the following major statutory", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 42 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4371017", "chunk_text": "\"MCA21 Mission Mode Project\"\nMCA21 Mission Mode Project MCA21 Mission Mode Project (MCA21) is the e-governance initiative from the Ministry of Corporate Affairs, Government of India. It is one of the 31Mision Mode Projects of the National e-Governance Plan. In the year 2002, the Ministry of Corporate Affairs (then known as the Department of Company Affairs) was faced with the problem of providing services to nearly 7.5 lakh corporate entities. Vast amounts of paperwork was to be processed. This was to be expected because with globalization and interest shown by foreign companies in India, the number of documents being handled was constantly increasing even", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 43 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16647022", "chunk_text": "\"Myanmar Accountancy Council\"\nMyanmar Accountancy Council The Myanmar Accountancy Council (; abbreviated MAC) is the national professional accounting body of Burma (Myanmar). MAC began as the Burma Accountancy Council (BAC), which was enacted by the Revolutionary Council's 1972 Burma Accountancy Law (1972) on 12 January 1972. On 8 March 1994, the State Law and Order Restoration Council replaced the Accounting Law, which established an Office of the Auditor General of the Union (OAG) that acts as the Secretariat of the Myanmar Accountancy Council . MAC is the nation's conferring body for accountancy practice and licenses, including the Certified Public Accountant and Diploma in", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 44 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "766317", "chunk_text": "\"Maritime Civil Affairs and Security Training Command\"\nCommand. The Navy Expeditionary Combat Command (NECC) officially established Maritime Civil Affairs Group (MCAG) during a ceremony at Naval Amphibious Base (NAB) Little Creek, March 30, 2007 under the leadership of Navy Capt. Kenneth Swingshakl. Captain Claudia Risner, U.S. Navy, assumed command of MCAG in September, 2008. In an effort to consolidate staffs and resources, MCAG and the Expeditionary Training Command were merged and designated as the Maritime Civil Affairs and Security Training (MCAST) Command in a ceremony October 1, 2009. Captain Risner continued as the Commanding Officer of the new organization until Captain Frank Hughlett, U.S. Navy, assumed command", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 45 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10388918", "chunk_text": "\"Metabolic control analysis\"\nMetabolic control analysis Metabolic control analysis (MCA) is a mathematical framework for describing metabolic, signaling, and genetic pathways. MCA quantifies how variables, such as fluxes and species concentrations, depend on network parameters. In particular it is able to describe how network dependent properties, called control coefficients, depend on local properties called elasticities. MCA was originally developed to describe the control in metabolic pathways but was subsequently extended to describe signaling and genetic networks. MCA has sometimes also been referred to as \"\"Metabolic Control Theory\"\" but this terminology was rather strongly opposed by Henrik Kacser, one of the founders. More recent", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 46 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19067983", "chunk_text": "\"Malaysian AIDS Council\"\nand large corporations, both international and local, from Standard Chartered Trust Fund , Mercedes-Benz Malaysia , Hong Leong Bank Bhd , L'Oreal Malaysia , Shell , Levi Strauss Foundation . MAC is led by an Executive Committee (EXCO) comprising ten elected representatives from the Partner Organisations which comprises a diverse range of associations, from the medical industry, religious based communities to the nation's legal institutes. The Partner Organisations that make up MAC are: Malaysian AIDS Council Malaysian AIDS Council (, abbrev: MAC) was established in 1992 under the Ministry of Health (MOH) with a mission to represent, mobilise and strengthen", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 47 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5476297", "chunk_text": "\"Medical Council of India\"\nelected unanimously. She became the first woman president of MCI in 80 years since the council came into being. \"\"MCI Online\"\" is the portal of the Medical Council of India for online processing of applications for registration (of medical qualifications) and for professional certificates. \"\"MCI Online\"\" also provides online search of the Indian Medical Registe.Medical Council of India has been superseded vide Indian Medical Council (Amendment) Ordinance, 2018 (Ordinance 8 of 2018) dated 26.09.2018, - by the Board of Governors. The Board of Governors has taken over functions of the Medical Council of India on 26.09.2018 AN. The site is", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 48 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15438341", "chunk_text": "\"Accreditation Council for Continuing Medical Education\"\nAccreditation Council for Continuing Medical Education The Accreditation Council for Continuing Medical Education (ACCME) sets and enforces standards in physician continuing education (or 'lifelong learning') within the United States. It acts as the overseeing body for institutions and organizations providing continuing medical education (CME) activities. The Council's seven founding member organizations are the American Board of Medical Specialties (ABMS), the American Hospital Association (AHA), the American Medical Association (AMA), the Association of American Medical Colleges (AAMC), the Association for Hospital Medical Education (AHME), the Council of Medical Specialty Societies (CMSS), and the Federation of State Medical Boards (FSMB). These organizations", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 49 } ]
test_3446	where does sound travel fastest solid liquid or gas?	n/a	[ "solids" ]	[]	n/a	n/a	n/a	[]	[ { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15247911", "chunk_text": "\"Speed of sound\"\nin ordinary air, deviating slightly from ideal behavior. In common everyday speech, \"\"speed of sound\"\" refers to the speed of sound waves in air. However, the speed of sound varies from substance to substance: sound travels most slowly in gases; it travels faster in liquids; and faster still in solids. For example, (as noted above), sound travels at in air; it travels at in water (4.3 times as fast as in air); and at in iron (about 15 times as fast as in air). In an exceptionally stiff material such as diamond, sound travels at 12,000 metres per second (27,000", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 0 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14052055", "chunk_text": "\"Speed of sound\"\nthan in liquids, and faster in liquids than in gases, because the solids are more difficult to compress than liquids, while liquids in turn are more difficult to compress than gases. Some textbooks mistakenly state that the speed of sound increases with density. This notion is illustrated by presenting data for three materials, such as air, water and steel, which also have vastly different compressibility, more which making up for the density differences. An illustrative example of the two effects is that sound travels only 4.3 times faster in water than air, despite enormous differences in compressibility of the two", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 1 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15247910", "chunk_text": "\"Speed of sound\"\nSpeed of sound The speed of sound is the distance travelled per unit time by a sound wave as it propagates through an elastic medium. At , the speed of sound in air is about 343 meters per second (1,234.8 km/h; 1,125 ft/s; 767 mph; 667 kn), or a kilometre in or a mile in . It depends strongly on temperature, but also varies by several meters per second due to which gases are present. The speed of sound in an ideal gas depends only on its temperature and composition. The speed has a weak dependence on frequency and pressure", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 2 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3619775", "chunk_text": "Sound\nspace. Note that the particles of the medium do not travel with the sound wave. This is intuitively obvious for a solid, and the same is true for liquids and gases (that is, the vibrations of particles in the gas or liquid transport the vibrations, while the \"\"average\"\" position of the particles over time does not change). During propagation, waves can be reflected, refracted, or attenuated by the medium. The behavior of sound propagation is generally affected by three things: When sound is moving through a medium that does not have constant physical properties, it may be refracted (either dispersed", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 3 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15247920", "chunk_text": "\"Speed of sound\"\nsuch as for \"\"The Queen's Birthday\"\" is being fired. In a gas or liquid, sound consists of compression waves. In solids, waves propagate as two different types. A longitudinal wave is associated with compression and decompression in the direction of travel, and is the same process in gases and liquids, with an analogous compression-type wave in solids. Only compression waves are supported in gases and liquids. An additional type of wave, the transverse wave, also called a shear wave, occurs only in solids because only solids support elastic deformations. It is due to elastic deformation of the medium perpendicular to", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 4 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15247913", "chunk_text": "\"Speed of sound\"\nfluid dynamics, the speed of sound in a fluid medium (gas or liquid) is used as a relative measure for the speed of an object moving through the medium. The ratio of the speed of an object to the speed of sound in the fluid is called the object's Mach number. Objects moving at speeds greater than \"\"\"\" are said to be traveling at supersonic speeds. Sir Isaac Newton computed the speed of sound in air as , which is too low by about 15%. Newton's analysis was good save for neglecting the (then unknown) effect of rapidly-fluctuating temperature in", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 5 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3619776", "chunk_text": "Sound\nor focused). The mechanical vibrations that can be interpreted as sound can travel through all forms of matter: gases, liquids, solids, and plasmas. The matter that supports the sound is called the medium. Sound cannot travel through a vacuum. Sound is transmitted through gases, plasma, and liquids as longitudinal waves, also called compression waves. It requires a medium to propagate. Through solids, however, it can be transmitted as both longitudinal waves and transverse waves. Longitudinal sound waves are waves of alternating pressure deviations from the equilibrium pressure, causing local regions of compression and rarefaction, while transverse waves (in solids) are", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 6 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10886577", "chunk_text": "\"Supersonic speed\"\n0.8 and Mach 1.23. Sounds are traveling vibrations in the form of pressure waves in an elastic medium. In gases, sound travels longitudinally at different speeds, mostly depending on the molecular mass and temperature of the gas, and pressure has little effect. Since air temperature and composition varies significantly with altitude, Mach numbers for aircraft may change despite a constant travel speed. In water at room temperature supersonic speed can be considered as any speed greater than 1,440 m/s (4,724 ft/s). In solids, sound waves can be polarized longitudinally or transversely and have even higher velocities. Supersonic fracture is crack", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 7 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3432824", "chunk_text": "\"Speed of sound\"\nas helium, sound propagates faster as compared to heavier gases such as xenon. For monatomic gases, the speed of sound is about 75% of the mean speed that the atoms move in that gas. For a given ideal gas the molecular composition is fixed, and thus the speed of sound depends only on its temperature. At a constant temperature, the gas pressure has no effect on the speed of sound, since the density will increase, and since pressure and density (also proportional to pressure) have equal but opposite effects on the speed of sound, and the two contributions cancel out", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 8 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3617369", "chunk_text": "Liquid\na viscoelastic medium that shows both the elasticity of a solid and the fluidity of a liquid, depending on the time scale of observation or on the frequency of perturbation. The speed of sound in a fluid is given by formula_4 where \"\"K\"\" is the bulk modulus of the fluid, and \"\"ρ\"\" the density. To give a typical value, in fresh water \"\"c\"\"=1497 m/s at 25 °C. At a temperature below the boiling point, any matter in liquid form will evaporate until the condensation of gas above reach an equilibrium. At this point the gas will condense at the same", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 9 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15247912", "chunk_text": "\"Speed of sound\"\nmph); (about 35 times as fast as in air) which is around the maximum speed that sound will travel under normal conditions. Sound waves in solids are composed of compression waves (just as in gases and liquids), and a different type of sound wave called a shear wave, which occurs only in solids. Shear waves in solids usually travel at different speeds, as exhibited in seismology. The speed of compression waves in solids is determined by the medium's compressibility, shear modulus and density. The speed of shear waves is determined only by the solid material's shear modulus and density. In", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 10 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12655902", "chunk_text": "\"Speed of sound\"\nto the material density. Given that all other things being equal (ceteris paribus), sound will travel slower in spongy materials, and faster in stiffer ones. Effects like dispersion and reflection can also be understood using this model. For instance, sound will travel 1.59 times faster in nickel than in bronze, due to the greater stiffness of nickel at about the same density. Similarly, sound travels about 1.41 times faster in light hydrogen (protium) gas than in heavy hydrogen (deuterium) gas, since deuterium has similar properties but twice the density. At the same time, \"\"compression-type\"\" sound will travel faster in solids", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 11 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3619781", "chunk_text": "Sound\nthe Newton–Laplace equation. In this equation, \"\"K\"\" is the elastic bulk modulus, \"\"c\"\" is the velocity of sound, and formula_7 is the density. Thus, the speed of sound is proportional to the square root of the ratio of the bulk modulus of the medium to its density. Those physical properties and the speed of sound change with ambient conditions. For example, the speed of sound in gases depends on temperature. In air at sea level, the speed of sound is approximately using the formula . In fresh water, also at 20 °C, the speed of sound is approximately . In", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 12 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15247925", "chunk_text": "\"Speed of sound\"\nwaves; see optical dispersion for a description. The speed of sound is variable and depends on the properties of the substance through which the wave is travelling. In solids, the speed of transverse (or shear) waves depends on the shear deformation under shear stress (called the shear modulus), and the density of the medium. Longitudinal (or compression) waves in solids depend on the same two factors with the addition of a dependence on compressibility. In fluids, only the medium's compressibility and density are the important factors, since fluids do not transmit shear stresses. In heterogeneous fluids, such as a liquid", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 13 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15247952", "chunk_text": "\"Speed of sound\"\nthe speed of sound in a fluid is given by where \"\"K\"\" is the bulk modulus of the fluid. In fresh water, sound travels at about at (see the External Links section below for online calculators). Applications of underwater sound can be found in sonar, acoustic communication and acoustical oceanography. In salt water that is free of air bubbles or suspended sediment, sound travels at about ( at , 10°C and 3% salinity by one method). The speed of sound in seawater depends on pressure (hence depth), temperature (a change of ~ ), and salinity (a change of 1‰ ~", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 14 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15247929", "chunk_text": "\"Speed of sound\"\nof the gas. In non-ideal gas behavior regimen, for which the van der Waals gas equation would be used, the proportionality is not exact, and there is a slight dependence of sound velocity on the gas pressure. Humidity has a small but measurable effect on the speed of sound (causing it to increase by about 0.1%–0.6%), because oxygen and nitrogen molecules of the air are replaced by lighter molecules of water. This is a simple mixing effect. In the Earth's atmosphere, the chief factor affecting the speed of sound is the temperature. For a given ideal gas with constant heat", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 15 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10637227", "chunk_text": "Sound\nSound In physics, sound is a vibration that typically propagates as an audible wave of pressure, through a transmission medium such as a gas, liquid or solid. In human physiology and psychology, sound is the \"\"reception\"\" of such waves and their \"\"perception\"\" by the brain. Humans can only hear sound waves as distinct pitches when the frequency lies between about 20 Hz and 20 kHz. Sound waves above 20 kHz are known as ultrasound and is not perceptible by humans. Sound waves below 20 Hz are known as infrasound. Different animal species have varying hearing ranges. Acoustics is the interdisciplinary", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 16 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4872134", "chunk_text": "\"Speed of sound\"\nindependent of sound frequency, so the speeds of energy transport and sound propagation are the same for all frequencies. Air, a mixture of oxygen and nitrogen, constitutes a non-dispersive medium. However, air does contain a small amount of CO which \"\"is\"\" a dispersive medium, and causes dispersion to air at ultrasonic frequencies (). In a dispersive medium, the speed of sound is a function of sound frequency, through the dispersion relation. Each frequency component propagates at its own speed, called the phase velocity, while the energy of the disturbance propagates at the group velocity. The same phenomenon occurs with light", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 17 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6051996", "chunk_text": "\"Second sound\"\nThis occurs in superfluids, and also in some dielectric crystals when Umklapp scattering is small. Second sound is observed in liquid helium at temperatures below the lambda point, 2.1768 K, where He becomes a superfluid known as helium II. Helium II has the highest thermal conductivity of any known material (several hundred times higher than copper). Second sound can be observed either as pulses or in a resonant cavity. The speed of second sound is close to zero near the lambda point, increasing to approximately 20 m/s around 1.8 K, about ten times slower than normal sound waves. At temperatures", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 18 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3617365", "chunk_text": "Liquid\nunder the speed of sound. Another phenomenon caused by liquid's incompressibility is cavitation. Because liquids have little elasticity they can literally be pulled apart in areas of high turbulence or a dramatic change in direction, such as the trailing edge of a boat propeller or a sharp corner in a pipe. A liquid in an area of low pressure (vacuum) vaporizes and forms bubbles, which then collapse as they enter high pressure areas. This causes liquid to fill the cavities left by the bubbles with tremendous localized force, eroding any adjacent solid surface. In a gravitational field, liquids exert pressure", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 19 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3432852", "chunk_text": "\"Speed of sound\"\nof glass or optical fiber. Thus, the sound is confined in essentially two dimensions. In two dimensions the intensity drops in proportion to only the inverse of the distance. This allows waves to travel much further before being undetectably faint. A similar effect occurs in the atmosphere. Project Mogul successfully used this effect to detect a nuclear explosion at a considerable distance. Speed of sound The speed of sound is the distance travelled per unit time by a sound wave as it propagates through an elastic medium. At , the speed of sound in air is about 343 meters per", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 20 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14052080", "chunk_text": "\"Speed of sound\"\nspeed of sound of a monatomic gas goes up by a factor of This gives the 9% difference, and would be a typical ratio for speeds of sound at room temperature in helium vs. deuterium, each with a molecular weight of 4. Sound travels faster in helium than deuterium because adiabatic compression heats helium more since the helium molecules can store heat energy from compression only in translation, but not rotation. Thus helium molecules (monatomic molecules) travel faster in a sound wave and transmit sound faster. (Sound travels at about 70% of the mean molecular speed in gases; the figure", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 21 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4872142", "chunk_text": "\"Speed of sound\"\nwavelength of the sound in the gas is much longer than the average mean free path between gas molecule collisions. A derivation of these equations will be given in the following section. A graph comparing results of the two equations is at right, using the slightly different value of for the speed of sound at . For an ideal gas, \"\"K\"\" (the bulk modulus in equations above, equivalent to C, the coefficient of stiffness in solids) is given by thus, from the Newton–Laplace equation above, the speed of sound in an ideal gas is given by where Using the ideal", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 22 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3619774", "chunk_text": "Sound\nsolids as longitudinal waves and also as a transverse wave in solids (see Longitudinal and transverse waves, below). The sound waves are generated by a sound source, such as the vibrating diaphragm of a stereo speaker. The sound source creates vibrations in the surrounding medium. As the source continues to vibrate the medium, the vibrations propagate away from the source at the speed of sound, thus forming the sound wave. At a fixed distance from the source, the pressure, velocity, and displacement of the medium vary in time. At an instant in time, the pressure, velocity, and displacement vary in", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 23 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5845625", "chunk_text": "Fog\nobjects that cast shadows. Sound typically travels fastest and farthest through solids, then liquids, then gases such as the atmosphere. Sound is affected during fog conditions due to the small distances between water droplets, and air temperature differences. Molecular effect: Though fog is essentially liquid water, the many droplets are separated by small air gaps. High-pitched sounds have a high frequency, which in turn means they have a short wavelength. To transmit a high frequency wave, air must move back and forth very quickly. Short-wavelength high-pitched sound waves are reflected and refracted by many separated water droplets, partially cancelling and", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 24 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15247926", "chunk_text": "\"Speed of sound\"\nfilled with gas bubbles, the density of the liquid and the compressibility of the gas affect the speed of sound in an additive manner, as demonstrated in the hot chocolate effect. In gases, adiabatic compressibility is directly related to pressure through the heat capacity ratio (adiabatic index), while pressure and density are inversely related to the temperature and molecular weight, thus making only the completely independent properties of \"\"temperature and molecular structure\"\" important (heat capacity ratio may be determined by temperature and molecular structure, but simple molecular weight is not sufficient to determine it). In low molecular weight gases such", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 25 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11412837", "chunk_text": "\"Speed of sound\"\nto those in fluids, depending on compressibility and density, but with the additional factor of shear modulus which affects compression waves due to off-axis elastic energies which are able to influence effective tension and relaxation in a compression. The speed of shear waves, which can occur only in solids, is determined simply by the solid material's shear modulus and density. The speed of sound in mathematical notation is conventionally represented by \"\"c\"\", from the Latin \"\"celeritas\"\" meaning \"\"velocity\"\". For fluids in general, the speed of sound \"\"c\"\" is given by the Newton–Laplace equation: where Thus the speed of sound increases", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 26 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10489363", "chunk_text": "\"Acoustic location\"\nAcoustic location Acoustic location is the use of sound to determine the distance and direction of its source or reflector. Location can be done actively or passively, and can take place in gases (such as the atmosphere), liquids (such as water), and in solids (such as in the earth). Both of these techniques, when used in water, are known as sonar; passive sonar and active sonar are both widely used. Acoustic mirrors and dishes, when using microphones, are a means of passive acoustic localization, but when using speakers are a means of active localization. Typically, more than one device is", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 27 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11679803", "chunk_text": "\"Thermodynamic temperature\"\nthroughout the volume of the gas through serial collisions, but entire molecules or atoms can move forward into new territory, bringing their kinetic energy with them. Consequently, temperature differences equalize throughout gases very quickly—especially for light atoms or molecules; convection speeds this process even more. Translational motion in \"\"solids\"\", however, takes the form of \"\"phonons \"\"(see \"\"Fig. 4\"\" at right). Phonons are constrained, quantized wave packets that travel at a given substance's speed of sound. The manner in which phonons interact within a solid determines a variety of its properties, including its thermal conductivity. In electrically insulating solids, phonon-based heat", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 28 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13551648", "chunk_text": "\"Transmission medium\"\nTransmission medium A transmission medium is a material substance (solid, liquid, gas, or plasma) that can propagate energy waves. For example, the transmission medium for sounds is usually a gas, but solids and liquids may also act as a transmission medium for sound. The absence of a material medium in vacuum may also constitute a transmission medium for electromagnetic waves such as light and radio waves. While material substance is not required for electromagnetic waves to propagate, such waves are usually affected by the transmission media they pass through, for instance by absorption or by reflection or refraction at the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 29 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15247923", "chunk_text": "\"Speed of sound\"\nwith the stiffness (the resistance of an elastic body to deformation by an applied force) of the material and decreases with an increase in density. For ideal gases, the bulk modulus \"\"K\"\" is simply the gas pressure multiplied by the dimensionless adiabatic index, which is about 1.4 for air under normal conditions of pressure and temperature. For general equations of state, if classical mechanics is used, the speed of sound \"\"c\"\" is given by where If relativistic effects are important, the speed of sound is calculated from the relativistic Euler equations. In a non-dispersive medium, the speed of sound is", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 30 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10031705", "chunk_text": "\"Refraction (sound)\"\nRefraction (sound) Refraction, in acoustics, comparable to the refraction of electromagnetic radiation, is the bending of sound propagation trajectories (rays) in inhomogeneous elastic media (gases, liquids, and solids) in which the wave velocity is a function of spatial coordinates. Bending of acoustic rays in layered inhomogeneous media occurs towards a layer with a smaller sound velocity. This effect is responsible for guided propagation of sound waves over long distances in the ocean and in the atmosphere. In the atmosphere, vertical gradients of wind speed and temperature lead to refraction. The wind speed is usually increasing with height, which leads to", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 31 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6051995", "chunk_text": "\"Second sound\"\nSecond sound Second sound is a quantum mechanical phenomenon in which heat transfer occurs by wave-like motion, rather than by the more usual mechanism of diffusion. This leads to a very high thermal conductivity. It is known as \"\"second sound\"\" because the wave motion of heat is similar to the propagation of pressure waves in air (sound). Normal sound waves are fluctuations in the density of molecules in a substance; second sound waves are fluctuations in the density of particle-like thermal excitations (rotons and phonons). Second sound can be observed in any system in which most phonon-phonon collisions conserve momentum.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 32 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3617375", "chunk_text": "Liquid\nas a linear medium, so that sound propagates without dissipation and without mode coupling. In reality, any liquid shows some dispersion: with increasing frequency, \"\"K\"\" crosses over from the low-frequency, liquid-like limit formula_6 to the high-frequency, solid-like limit formula_7. In normal liquids, most of this cross over takes place at frequencies between GHz and THz, sometimes called hypersound. At sub-GHz frequencies, a normal liquid cannot sustain shear waves: the zero-frequency limit of the shear modulus is formula_8. This is sometimes seen as the defining property of a liquid. However, just as the bulk modulus \"\"K\"\", the shear modulus \"\"G\"\" is", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 33 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11412858", "chunk_text": "\"Speed of sound\"\nThe standard equations for the speed of sound apply with reasonable accuracy only to situations in which the wavelength of the soundwave is considerably longer than the mean free path of molecules in a gas. The molecular composition of the gas contributes both as the mass (M) of the molecules, and their heat capacities, and so both have an influence on speed of sound. In general, at the same molecular mass, monatomic gases have slightly higher speed of sound (over 9% higher) because they have a higher \"\"γ\"\" (...) than diatomics do (). Thus, at the same molecular mass, the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 34 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10637248", "chunk_text": "Sound\nsuch low frequency are too low for humans to hear, whales, elephants and other animals can detect infrasound and use it to communicate. It can be used to detect volcanic eruptions and is used in some types of music. Sound In physics, sound is a vibration that typically propagates as an audible wave of pressure, through a transmission medium such as a gas, liquid or solid. In human physiology and psychology, sound is the \"\"reception\"\" of such waves and their \"\"perception\"\" by the brain. Humans can only hear sound waves as distinct pitches when the frequency lies between about 20", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 35 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4872145", "chunk_text": "\"Speed of sound\"\nminimum-energy-mode, have energies too high to be populated by a significant number of molecules at this temperature). For air, these conditions are fulfilled at room temperature, and also temperatures considerably below room temperature (see tables below). See the section on gases in specific heat capacity for a more complete discussion of this phenomenon. For air, we introduce the shorthand In addition, we switch to the Celsius temperature , which is useful to calculate air speed in the region near 0 °C (about 273 kelvin). Then, for dry air, where \"\"formula_4\"\" (theta) is the temperature in degrees Celsius(°C). Substituting numerical values", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 36 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6051998", "chunk_text": "\"Second sound\"\nlocate defects in superconducting accelerator cavities. Second sound Second sound is a quantum mechanical phenomenon in which heat transfer occurs by wave-like motion, rather than by the more usual mechanism of diffusion. This leads to a very high thermal conductivity. It is known as \"\"second sound\"\" because the wave motion of heat is similar to the propagation of pressure waves in air (sound). Normal sound waves are fluctuations in the density of molecules in a substance; second sound waves are fluctuations in the density of particle-like thermal excitations (rotons and phonons). Second sound can be observed in any system in", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 37 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6744516", "chunk_text": "Water\npoise at , and the speed of sound in liquid water ranges between depending on temperature. Sound travels long distances in water with little attenuation, especially at low frequencies (roughly 0.03 dB/km for 1 kHz), a property that is exploited by cetaceans and humans for communication and environment sensing (sonar). Metallic elements which are more electropositive than hydrogen such as lithium, sodium, calcium, potassium and caesium displace hydrogen from water, forming hydroxides and releasing hydrogen. At high temperatures, carbon reacts with steam to form carbon monoxide. Hydrology is the study of the movement, distribution, and quality of water throughout the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 38 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4872157", "chunk_text": "\"Speed of sound\"\nthe result was then corrected for this effect so as to be applicable to real air. The experiments were done at but corrected for temperature in order to report them at . The result was for dry air at STP, for frequencies from to . In a solid, there is a non-zero stiffness both for volumetric deformations and shear deformations. Hence, it is possible to generate sound waves with different velocities dependent on the deformation mode. Sound waves generating volumetric deformations (compression) and shear deformations (shearing) are called pressure waves (longitudinal waves) and shear waves (transverse waves), respectively. In earthquakes,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 39 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15247921", "chunk_text": "\"Speed of sound\"\nthe direction of wave travel; the direction of shear-deformation is called the \"\"polarization\"\" of this type of wave. In general, transverse waves occur as a pair of orthogonal polarizations. These different waves (compression waves and the different polarizations of shear waves) may have different speeds at the same frequency. Therefore, they arrive at an observer at different times, an extreme example being an earthquake, where sharp compression waves arrive first and rocking transverse waves seconds later. The speed of a compression wave in a fluid is determined by the medium's compressibility and density. In solids, the compression waves are analogous", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 40 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15247951", "chunk_text": "\"Speed of sound\"\nthan a wavelength, the speed of pure pressure waves may be simplified and is given by: where \"\"E\"\" is Young's modulus. This is similar to the expression for shear waves, save that Young's modulus replaces the shear modulus. This speed of sound for pressure waves in long rods will always be slightly less than the same speed in homogeneous 3-dimensional solids, and the ratio of the speeds in the two different types of objects depends on Poisson's ratio for the material. In a fluid, the only non-zero stiffness is to volumetric deformation (a fluid does not sustain shear forces). Hence", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 41 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3619779", "chunk_text": "Sound\nhas frequencies from about 20 Hz to 20,000 Hz. In air at standard temperature and pressure, the corresponding wavelengths of sound waves range from 17 m to 17 mm. Sometimes speed and direction are combined as a velocity vector; wave number and direction are combined as a wave vector. Transverse waves, also known as shear waves, have the additional property, \"\"polarization\"\", and are not a characteristic of sound waves. The speed of sound depends on the medium the waves pass through, and is a fundamental property of the material. The first significant effort towards measurement of the speed of sound", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 42 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7346339", "chunk_text": "\"Solid nitrogen\"\nis given by 2×10\"\"T\"\" − 0.0002\"\"T\"\" + 0.006 K. The index of refraction at 6328 Å is 1.25 and hardly varies with temperature. The speed of sound in solid nitrogen is 1452 m/s at 20 K and 1222 m/s at 44 K. The longitudinal velocity ranges from 1850 m/s at 5 K to 1700 m/s at 35 K. With temperature rise the nitrogen changes phase and the longitudinal velocity drops rapidly over a small temperature range to below 1600 m/s and then it slowly drops to 1400 m/s near the melting point. The transverse velocity is much lower ranging from", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 43 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18526165", "chunk_text": "\"Sound speed profile\"\nhighest because the effect of temperature on sound speed dominates. Further down the water column, as temperature decreases in the ocean thermocline, sound speed also decreases. At a certain point, however, the effect of depth, i.e., pressure, begins to dominate, and the sound speed increases to the ocean floor. Also visible in figure 1 is a common feature in sound speed profiles: the SOFAR channel. The axis of this channel is found at the depth of minimum sound speed. Sounds emitted at or near the axis of this channel propagate for very long horizontal distances, owing to the refraction of", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 44 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4881702", "chunk_text": "\"Ultrasound energy\"\nUltrasound energy Ultrasound energy, simply known as ultrasound, is a type of mechanical energy called sound characterized by vibrating or moving particles within a medium. Ultrasound is distinguished by vibrations with a frequency greater than 20,000 Hz, compared to audible sounds that humans typically hear with frequencies between 20 and 20,000 Hz. Ultrasound energy requires matter or a medium with particles to vibrate to conduct or propagate its energy. The energy generally travels through most mediums in the form of a wave in which particles are deformed or displaced by the energy then reestablished after the energy passes. Types of", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 45 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12655901", "chunk_text": "\"Speed of sound\"\nsprings represent the bonds between them. Sound passes through the system by compressing and expanding the springs, transmitting the acoustic energy to neighboring spheres. This helps transmit the energy in-turn to the neighboring sphere's springs (bonds), and so on. The speed of sound through the model depends on the stiffness/rigidity of the springs, and the mass of the spheres. As long as the spacing of the spheres remains constant, stiffer springs/bonds transmit energy quicker, while larger spheres transmit the energy slower. In a real material, the stiffness of the springs is known as the \"\"elastic modulus\"\", and the mass corresponds", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 46 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13551656", "chunk_text": "\"Transmission medium\"\nto a channel to follow. Following are unguided media used for data communication: Transmission and reception of data typically is performed in four steps. Transmission medium A transmission medium is a material substance (solid, liquid, gas, or plasma) that can propagate energy waves. For example, the transmission medium for sounds is usually a gas, but solids and liquids may also act as a transmission medium for sound. The absence of a material medium in vacuum may also constitute a transmission medium for electromagnetic waves such as light and radio waves. While material substance is not required for electromagnetic waves to", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 47 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3432850", "chunk_text": "\"Speed of sound\"\naccurate over a wide range of conditions, but are far more complicated, e.g., that by V. A. Del Grosso and the Chen-Millero-Li Equation. The speed of sound in a plasma for the common case that the electrons are hotter than the ions (but not too much hotter) is given by the formula (see here) where In contrast to a gas, the pressure and the density are provided by separate species, the pressure by the electrons and the density by the ions. The two are coupled through a fluctuating electric field. When sound spreads out evenly in all directions in three", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 48 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4872146", "chunk_text": "\"Speed of sound\"\nfor the molar gas constant in J/mole/Kelvin, and for the mean molar mass of air, in kg; and using the ideal diatomic gas value of , we have Finally, Taylor expansion of the remaining square root in formula_4 yields The above derivation includes the first two equations given in the \"\"Practical formula for dry air\"\" section above. The speed of sound varies with temperature. Since temperature and sound velocity normally decrease with increasing altitude, sound is refracted upward, away from listeners on the ground, creating an acoustic shadow at some distance from the source. Wind shear of 4 m/(s ·", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 49 } ]
test_3447	what does aa on a license plate mean?	n/a	[ "cars of the royal family" ]	[]	n/a	n/a	n/a	[]	[ { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19205299", "chunk_text": "\"Vehicle registration plates of Sweden\"\nany country acronym e.g. American diplomats don't have US as their first two letters. They're ordered by the sovereign states' name in the French language. Thus AA denotes South Africa (i.e. Afrique du Sud). AB denotes Albania (i.e. Albanie) and so forth up until DT. The three digits are just a serial number. The last letter shows what kind of task the diplomat has. The approval sticker was placed last on the right. Just like the personal plates these vehicles have a standard format registration as well, which means a re-registration is not needed if the vehicle changes owner. Taxi", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 0 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18775316", "chunk_text": "\"Vehicle registration plate\"\nVehicle registration plate A vehicle registration plate, also known as a number plate (British English) or a license plate (American English), is a metal or plastic plate attached to a motor vehicle or trailer for official identification purposes. All countries require registration plates for road vehicles such as cars, trucks, and motorcycles. Whether they are required for other vehicles, such as bicycles, boats, or tractors, may vary by jurisdiction. The registration identifier is a numeric or alphanumeric ID that uniquely identifies the vehicle owner within the issuing region's vehicle register. In some countries, the identifier is unique within the entire", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 1 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18397022", "chunk_text": "\"Vehicle registration plate\"\n\"\"BOLIVIA\"\" is spelled out. At the top left corner, the Bolivian flag may be present, and at the top right corner, a letter denoting the department in which the car is registered, according to the code, is displayed on either a metal tab on older plates or a sticker on newer plates. The current registration plate design consists of a white background with a blue borderline and blue letters and numbers. Serial digits progress sequentially from right to left, with the 000 AAA format followed by the 1000AAA format and currently the 4000AAA format. Older plate serials consisted of three", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 2 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12706171", "chunk_text": "\"Vehicle registration plates of Ukraine\"\n112 mm. Two-line optimized by size license plate must be shaped to fit to montage place and could have length 220-400mm and height 110-320mm. The size for three-line motorcycle license plates are 220 mm by 174 mm. The size for the two-line scooter license plate is 140 mm by 114 mm. Issuing of regular plates is done in Latin alphabet order (AA, AB, AC, AE, AH, AI, AK, AM, AO, AP, AT, AX, BA, BB...). License plates for trailers look like a regular plate but with a suffix with leading \"\"X\"\" and these are issued in reverse order (XX, XT,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 3 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15803353", "chunk_text": "\"Drunk driving in the United States\"\nas \"\"whiskey plates\"\", whiskey being the name of the letter W in the NATO phonetic alphabet. Most states impose the installation of ignition interlock devices (IID), with varying thresholds for installation requirements. Criminal process thresholds for installation requirements vary between minimum BAC levels (e.g., 0.20%, or 0.15%) or repeat offense, with about half of the states requiring installation on first offense. These ignition interlock sanctions are meant as punishment, but also as a deterrence. When required under a high BAC level or multiple offense threshold, ignition interlock requirements address a strong tendency of repeat offense by drivers with alcoholic use", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 4 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7670779", "chunk_text": "\"Vehicle registration plates of the United States\"\nscheme. In Vermont, municipal government plates have a red background instead of the usual green background; State Police plates are green with yellow lettering instead of white, matching the color scheme of VSP patrol vehicles. In Florida, government vehicles have a black-on-yellow scheme. Old California government plates have the letter \"\"E\"\" inside of either an octagon or a diamond, which are no longer issued, but still valid. Old government vehicles will either have a diamond or octagon before 6 random digits while newer government vehicles say ¨CA EXEMPT\"\" at the top of the license plate in red instead of the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 5 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5229306", "chunk_text": "\"Vehicle registration plate\"\nseen for the various parts of the country. For example, in Scotland, oval stickers with \"\"Ecosse\"\" or \"\"Alba\"\" (Scotland in French and Gaelic respectively) are occasionally seen. In Wales, drivers commonly display \"\"CYM\"\" to indicate Cymru (Wales). In the Czech Republic, in large cities (notably Prague and Brno), these imitation international codes are usually used to show the district inside the city where the driver resides (e.g. DE for Dejvice). Vehicle registration plate A vehicle registration plate, also known as a number plate (British English) or a license plate (American English), is a metal or plastic plate attached to a", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 6 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "576925", "chunk_text": "\"Automatic number-plate recognition\"\nAutomatic number-plate recognition Automatic number-plate recognition (ANPR; see also other names below) is a technology that uses optical character recognition on images to read vehicle registration plates to create vehicle location data. It can use existing closed-circuit television, road-rule enforcement cameras, or cameras specifically designed for the task. ANPR is used by police forces around the world for law enforcement purposes, including to check if a vehicle is registered or licensed. It is also used for electronic toll collection on pay-per-use roads and as a method of cataloguing the movements of traffic, for example by highways agencies. Automatic number plate", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 7 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6680018", "chunk_text": "\"United States license plate designs and serial formats\"\nAlaska, Arkansas, Colorado, Hawaii, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Kentucky, Louisiana, Minnesota, Mississippi, Nebraska, North Dakota, Oklahoma, Oregon, and South Carolina use a 3-letter, 3-number format in the format ABC-123, 123-ABC (sometimes both at the same time), or some variant thereof with mixed numbers and letters. Florida and New Jersey both use four letters and two numbers: Florida uses an ABC-D12 format, while New Jersey uses an A12-BCD format. Florida also uses an optional two-letter, four-number format for its no-cost \"\"In God We Trust\"\" plates. License plate numbers are usually assigned in ascending order, beginning with a starting point such as AAA-001.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 8 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19098085", "chunk_text": "\"Vehicle registration plates of Kazakhstan\"\nletters identifying the non-individual car (for example: A 001 AA) or of a single letter identifying the area and three digits and three letters identifying the individual car (for example: A 585 CUO) Special registration plates also exist. Cars registered to non-Kazakh individuals and organizations have registration plates with black letters on a yellow background. Diplomatic vehicles use registration plates with white letters on a red background. Vehicle registration plates of Kazakhstan The current format of Vehicle registration plates of Kazakhstan uses black letters on a white background with a Kazakh Flag and the country code KZ on the left.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 9 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10283258", "chunk_text": "\"Vehicle registration plates of New Zealand\"\nstarting with \"\"AAI\"\", \"\"AAO\"\", and \"\"AAX\"\" respectively; presumably the potential for confusing these letters with numbers and other similar looking letters was only realised after those initial series. plates eschew the letters I, O, V, and X. The issuers have avoided some three-letter combinations, mainly to avoid offence. Excluded combinations include: ARS, ASS, BAD, BAG, BAT, BRA, BUM, BUT, CNT, CUM, CUN, DUM, FAG, FAK, FAT, FCK, FKN, FKQ, FKU, FQM, FQN, FUC, FUK, FUQ, FUZ, HAG, JAP, JEW, KFC, KGB, KKK, KLL, KNT, KUM, LSD. Despite negative connotations, the combinations FTP and GAY were issued. Some MG models featured", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 10 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "646374", "chunk_text": "\"United States license plate designs and serial formats\"\nThus, an observer familiar with the sequence can determine roughly when the plate was issued. In a few cases, numbers have been assigned in descending order. For example, when Virginia switched to seven characters for its standard issue in 1993, numbers beginning with AAA-1000 were already in use for extra-cost, optional-issue plates; therefore, the new standard license plates were issued in descending order from ZZZ-9999. In some states, the month of expiration or the county of registration is incorporated into the plate's serial. The last number on a Massachusetts license plate indicates the month the vehicle's registration expires (for example,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 11 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "576991", "chunk_text": "\"Automatic number-plate recognition\"\nfor their commercial software in the range of 95-98% on a public image benchmark. April 2018 research from Brazil’s Federal University of Paraná and Federal University of Minas Gerais that compared both systems reported median recognition rate of 93.53% and stated significant improvement from the 81.8% rate obtained in previous works. Automatic number-plate recognition Automatic number-plate recognition (ANPR; see also other names below) is a technology that uses optical character recognition on images to read vehicle registration plates to create vehicle location data. It can use existing closed-circuit television, road-rule enforcement cameras, or cameras specifically designed for the task. ANPR", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 12 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15138464", "chunk_text": "\"Vehicle registration plates of Belgium\"\nthe word \"\"EURO\"\". Like all blue plates, this has also now been discontinued and replaced by the 8-AAA-111 series of plates. Dealer plates are special plates available only to motor vehicle manufacturers and dealers. They can only be used on vehicles owned by the manufacturer/dealer and must be renewed every year. The dealer is not required to inform the government when transferring the dealer plate to another car, which is a requirement for regular license plates. A dealer plate has green letters and numbers on a white background (\"\"green plate\"\"). Furthermore, it has the European flag on the left side.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 13 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5229236", "chunk_text": "\"Vehicle registration plate\"\nthe territory (e.g. 港 for Hong Kong and 澳 for Macau). For motorcycles, the front plate only included five numbers and rear contained the full information (e.g. for a motorcycle registered in Shanghai as 沪C•12345, the front plate would be \"\"12345\"\" and the rear plate bears the entire set). Hong Kong number plates follow the British system of colouring, with front white and rear yellow plates. The numbering system is two letters and (up to) four digits, e.g. AB1234. Registration plate numbers start with \"\"AM\"\" are reserved for government use. The front white and rear yellow background is a reflective", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 14 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14846978", "chunk_text": "\"Car numberplate game\"\nspotting a license plate from another state or country, punching someone, and yelling out the state or country it is from. A fifth game involves spotting a double letter or number (i.e. ABC-113 or ABB-113 for two punches). A point scoring variation of the game is played in the U.S. by assigning each plate a point value based on the last digit on the plate. Letters are assigned points based on their position in the alphabet, e.g., a plate with the letter M for the last digit is worth 13 points. A further variation allows points for plates that end", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 15 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14145752", "chunk_text": "\"Vehicle registration plates of Cameroon\"\ntype TC 1234 - Number, E - series. The plates are orange background with black marks on the left side of the plate are the emblem of the Central African economic and Monetary Community (SEMAS) code and CMR. Pointers type have the following values: TS should state license plates format AB1234X where AA - index (AN - National Assembly, CA - Housing Administration) 1234 - number B - series. The plates have a white background and black characters in the left side of the plate are the emblem of the Central African economic and Monetary Community (SEMAS) code and CMR.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 16 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16483856", "chunk_text": "\"Vehicle registration plates of Bolivia\"\non newer plates. Serial digits progress sequentially from right to left, with the 000 AAA format followed by the 1000AAA format and currently the 2000AAA format. For all types of plates, the motorcycle version uses the same serial format and colors but with a smaller overall plate size. The first and second sets of replacement plates in the case of theft or loss of the previous set of plates feature the same serial but with a small\"\"1\"\" or \"\"2\"\", respectively, added between the numbers and letters. Commercial and for-hire vehicles often have the plate number painted on either side of", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 17 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "821586", "chunk_text": "\"Newly licensed driver plate\"\nlätkä\"\") in rear window or as a sticker on back of the cars. Today, plaques like this are used only by cars that are technically restricted to 80 km/h. https://web.archive.org/web/20110226044317/http://www.vicroads.vic.gov.au/Home/Licences/GetYourPs/RestrictionsOnPs/Peerpassengerrestriction.htm Newly licensed driver plate An L-plate is a square plate bearing a sans-serif letter L, for \"\"learner\"\", which must be affixed to the front and back of a vehicle in many countries if its driver is a learner under instruction, or a motorcycle rider with provisional entitlement to ride restricted motorcycles. In Australia the rules vary from state to state. A new driver holds a Learner licence/permit which has a", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 18 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18775402", "chunk_text": "\"Vehicle registration plate\"\nthis occurred in 2013. Current arrangements are listed below. All current plates are manufactured to uniform dimensions and are made of pressed aluminium, except for certain special series plates; the form of which differs by state and design. In 1942, the government released a new special series only alphabet (XB-AA OPS). To show that a vehicle is registered in Australia, a sticker must be displayed in the lower left corner of either the rear left window or windscreen in annual colors on a 6-year cycle: blue, red, purple, brown, green and orange. This sticker is issued to the registered owner", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 19 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14123150", "chunk_text": "\"Plate number\"\nAmerican Philatelic Society Plate number A plate number is a number printed in the margin of a sheet or roll of postage stamps, or on the stamp itself, which shows the printing plate used to print the stamps.A plate number is the serial number of a printing plate. It is printed in the selvage or border of a pane of postage stamps. Philatelists and stamp collectors analyze or collect plate numbers and stamps with different plate numbers. The American Plate Number Single Society (APNSS) is an example of a specialist philatelic society which focuses on plate numbers. APNSS is affiliate", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 20 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15803352", "chunk_text": "\"Drunk driving in the United States\"\nside), the DUI plates are yellow with red writing with no registration stickers or graphics. They are commonly referred to as \"\"party plates\"\". Minnesota has a similar program, where the plates are white with either blue or black text. The plate number is a \"\"W\"\", followed by a letter and four numbers. These plates may be issued to drivers with at least 2 offenses in a five-year period; three offenses in a ten-year period; having a BAC twice the legal limit; or having a child in the car at the time of arrest. In Minnesota, DUI plates are referred to", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 21 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15580775", "chunk_text": "\"Vehicle registration plates of Argentina\"\ncountry, its flag and the Mercosur logo. The typeface used is FE-Schrift. In Argentina, the serial format is \"\"AA 000 AA\"\", allowing a total of 450 million combinations. The system started with AA 000 AA, AA 000 AB ... AA 000 AZ, AA 000 BA... AA 000 ZZ, AA 001 AA... By January 2017, there were plates with license numbers as high as AA 950 AA. It is expected the AB series to start in February 2017. Vehicle registration plates of Argentina Argentine license plates (in Spanish, \"\"chapas patentes\"\" or simply \"\"patentes\"\") are used to uniquely identify motor vehicles on", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 22 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "576956", "chunk_text": "\"Automatic number-plate recognition\"\nfor \"\"Amber Alerts\"\". With the widespread implementation of this technology, many U.S. states now issue misdemeanor citations of up to $500 when a license plate is identified as expired or on the incorrect vehicle. Successfully recognized plates may be matched against databases including \"\"wanted person\"\", \"\"protection order\"\", missing person, gang member, known and suspected terrorist, supervised release, immigration violator, and National Sex Offender lists. In addition to the real-time processing of license plate numbers, ANPR systems in the US collect (and can indefinitely store) data from each license plate capture. Images, dates, times and GPS coordinates can be stockpiled and", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 23 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18080417", "chunk_text": "\"Vehicle registration plates of the Australian Capital Territory\"\nstatus of the Same Sex Marriage legislation, the ACT Government announced that a Rainbow themed number plate will be released soon, and instead of the traditional slogan, the rainbow colour will run at the bottom of the plates. As of September 2018, the new ACT slimline plates was released, and is the same as NSW style but colour is blue on white and ACT identifier stamped on plate. Motorcycle - A·0000 Trailer - T 0000 A Personalised plates - AA·000 In January 1984, ACT began offering personalised plates in that range from AA-000 to ZZ-999 in blue on reflective white", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 24 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18397006", "chunk_text": "\"Vehicle registration plate\"\ninserted by the vehicle service centre or the dealership from which the vehicle was purchased. Vehicle owners can also purchase customized frames to replace the original frames. In some jurisdictions registration plate frames are illegal or have design restrictions. For example, many states, like Texas, allow plate frames but prohibit plate frames from covering the name of the state, province, district, Native American tribe or country that issued of license plate (when that information appears on the plate). Plates are designed to conform to standards with regard to being read by eye in day or at night, or by electronic", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 25 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16593573", "chunk_text": "\"Vehicle registration plates of New South Wales\"\nthe LicenSys group) has been appointed to manage and operate the myPlates business under a 15-year partnering arrangement. Light vehicles options: aa-nnn, aa-nnnn, aaa-nnn, aaa-nna, aa-nn-aa,nnn-aaa, nn-aaa, nn-aaaa,cccccc (where c can be a numeral, letter or space) Motorcycle format options: aa-nn, aa-nnn, aaa-nn, nn-aaa, ccccc Trailer format options: a-nnnnn, aa-nnnn, cccccc Heavy Vehicles options: aaa-nnn, aa-nnn, aa-nnnn, cccccc History of plate launches Offered in colours are: Colour on black: AAA·nnn AAA·nnn AAA·nnn AAA·nnn AAA·nnn AAA·nnn AAA-nnn Black on colour: AAA·nnn AAA·nnn AAA·nnn AAA·nnn AAA·nnn AAA·nnn Coloured on white: AAA·nnn AAA·nnA AA·nnn AA·nnnn nn·AAA nn·AAAA nnn·AAA cccccc Coloured range: AAA·nnn AAA·nnA", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 26 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2589277", "chunk_text": "\"Aerial roof markings\"\nany power from the vehicle. Vehicles operating London Buses services carry roof markings, as shown in the image opposite. The first three letters denote the operator (ARL is Arriva London) and the remaining letters and numbers are the fleet number (VLW 92), which also appears on the front and rear of the vehicle. Operator codes include: References HMHO PDF Thermal Roof Markings http://webarchive.nationalarchives.gov.uk/20100413151441/http:/scienceandresearch.homeoffice.gov.uk/hosdb/publications/road-policing-publications/43-04_Thermal_Roof_Markings2835.pdf?view=Binary In Germany, DIN 14035, \"\"Dachkennzeichen für Feuerwehrfahrzeuge\"\" (Roof Marking of Fire Engines), issued in November 1981, defines that fire engines should carry their registration plate number; these include the one-to-three letter abbreviation code of the corresponding Landkreis,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 27 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4626312", "chunk_text": "\"Vehicle registration plates of Portugal\"\nVehicle registration plates of Portugal The Portuguese vehicle registration plate system for automobiles and motorcycles is simple and sequential. The system has no link to geographical locations or similar. It is an incremental numbering system consisting of three groups of two characters, separated by dashes. This system started in 1937 with AA-10-00, which ran out on 29 February 1992. This then went on to 00-01-AA and changed to 00-AA-01 in 2005. This last sequence is expected to be exhausted by the end of 2019, and is to be replaced by the sequence AA-01-AA. Moreover, the letters W and Y, never", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 28 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11418039", "chunk_text": "\"Vehicle registration plates of the United States\"\nthe issuing jurisdiction. The term \"\"license plate\"\" is frequently used in statutes, although in some areas \"\"tag\"\" is informally used. The official three letter ISO international code attributed to the United States is USA. Plate designs often contain symbols, colors, or slogans associated with the issuing jurisdiction. Registration number formats, typically alphanumeric, are designed to provide enough unique numbers for all motor vehicles a jurisdiction expects to register. For example, the small states of Delaware and Rhode Island are able to use formats of 123456, while California uses the seven-character format 1ABC234, and several other populous states use seven-character ABC-1234", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 29 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19735097", "chunk_text": "\"Vehicle registration plates of Massachusetts\"\nserial formats, Massachusetts also issues \"\"reserve\"\" plates. Reserve plates permit the plate holder to receive the same serial number when new plate styles are issued, or to transfer the serial number to family members. These plates are either all-numeric (1 through 99999) or consist of a single letter followed or preceded by a number (A 1 through Z 9999 and 1 A through 9999 Z). Reserve serials may also be of the forms A#A, A##A, #A#, and #AA#, where # represents any number, and A represents any letter. Low-number reserve plates – now called \"\"Lottery Plates\"\" by the RMV –", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 30 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6228710", "chunk_text": "\"Plate number\"\nPlate number A plate number is a number printed in the margin of a sheet or roll of postage stamps, or on the stamp itself, which shows the printing plate used to print the stamps.A plate number is the serial number of a printing plate. It is printed in the selvage or border of a pane of postage stamps. Philatelists and stamp collectors analyze or collect plate numbers and stamps with different plate numbers. The American Plate Number Single Society (APNSS) is an example of a specialist philatelic society which focuses on plate numbers. APNSS is affiliate #178 of the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 31 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17382979", "chunk_text": "\"United States license plate designs and serial formats\"\n\"\"1234 AB\"\" would expire in April, the fourth month; \"\"0\"\" indicates October expirations; and \"\"X\"\" and \"\"Y\"\" were used for November and December expirations, respectively, on commercial plates and pre-1978 passenger plates). The same applies to the first number or letter on West Virginia plates (\"\"1\"\" to \"\"9\"\" for January through September, and \"\"O\"\", \"\"N\"\", and \"\"D\"\" for October, November, and December expirations, respectively). Additionally, the first letter of Missouri passenger plates denotes the month of expiration. The month's position within the calendar year corresponds roughly to the letter's position within the alphabet; i.e. the letters progress from \"\"A\"\" and", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 32 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17081117", "chunk_text": "\"Vehicle registration plates of Queensland\"\nrange covering all of these NRL teams and incorporates Qld based NRL teams. October 2012 – PPQ launched the A Plate Series: Aaaaaa retailed from $2,500.00. Now updated in 2017 to a plain all white on black with square border on A character. June 2018: Zodiac plates have been dropped from sale. Last day was 30 June 2018. Vehicle registration plates of Queensland Queensland requires its residents to register their motor vehicles and display vehicle registration plates. Current regular issue plates are Australian standard 372 mm × 134 mm, and use standard Australian stamping dies. Vehicles (current): 000·Yaa Future general", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 33 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18775344", "chunk_text": "\"Vehicle registration plate\"\nvalid for three consecutive years (e.g., 1918, 1919, and 1920). In the United States, registration plates are issued by each state. The federal government issues plates only for its own vehicle fleet and for vehicles owned by foreign diplomats. In the United States, many American Indian tribal governments issue plates for their members, while some states provide special issues for tribal members. Within each jurisdiction, there may also be special plates for groups such as firefighters or military veterans, and for state, municipality, or province-owned vehicles. The appearance of plates is frequently chosen to contain symbols or slogans associated with", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 34 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18646722", "chunk_text": "\"Vehicle registration plates of Alberta\"\nplate expiring on the last day of the assigned month. Plates were originally manufactured from steel and were reflective; non-reflective plates were introduced in 1993 as a cost-saving measure, while the material changed to aluminum in 1999 due to a steel shortage at the plant where the plates were manufactured. Several serial dies have been used on this base, owing to different plate vendors. The base originally used the ABC-123 serial format, starting at BBB-000. The letters A, E, I, O, Q, U and Y were not used until 1998, when A, E, U and Y were added (beginning with", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 35 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "821565", "chunk_text": "\"Newly licensed driver plate\"\nafter passing a road test, new drivers are required to show a green N (for novice) plate until they have passed an additional road test, usually after 24 months. In British Columbia, a red L (for learner) plate is required for 12 months before the N can be issued, and new drivers with this marking are not permitted to drive without a licensed driver over the age of 25 present in the vehicle. After learners pass their driving test, they must display a A-plate (for \"\"apprenti\"\"), of round shape with white background and red letter, for 3 years (shortened to", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 36 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19312229", "chunk_text": "\"Vehicle registration plates of Australia\"\nVehicle registration plates of Australia Australian vehicle registration plates or number plates are issued by state, territory, and Commonwealth governments, and the armed forces of Australia. The plates are associated with a vehicle and are generally intended to last for the time the vehicle remains registered in the state, though as they become unreadable (or for other reasons) they may be recalled or replaced with newer ones. From the 1970s until the late 1990s, most Australian plates were of the form xxx·xxx (with x being either letters or numbers)—for example, aaa·nnn in Victoria, New South Wales, South Australia and the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 37 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "648979", "chunk_text": "\"Canadian licence plate designs and serial formats\"\nCanadian licence plate designs and serial formats In Canada, licence plate numbers are usually assigned in ascending order, beginning with a starting point such as AAA-001. Thus, someone familiar with the sequence can determine roughly when the licence plate was issued. After Ontario's transition to an ABCD-123 format in 1997, plates were issued in ascending order starting with AAAA-001. It took close to ten years to exhaust the supply of plate numbers with A as the first digit. In late 2006, plates with B as the first digit were assigned, and have continued from there sequentially. Plates with C as", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 38 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10286962", "chunk_text": "\"Vehicle registration plate\"\nvehicle's last letters plate for their own desire, but would need more affairs by the local police registering it, for example that the owner's name is \"\"Adi\"\" then he would make his vehicle's plate number like so: (B 1234 ADI). Example: The plates usually have their expiration dates shown below or very few on the top of the serial numbers, indicating its expiry month and year, so if it says (03.15) it means that the plate expires at March 2015, so the owner of the vehicle should pay tax and get a new plate at that time, to which the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 39 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13142231", "chunk_text": "\"Motoring regulations in Belgium\"\non a yellow background. A three-letter combination is usually followed by a three-number combination (for example, \"\"AAA 111\"\"); however, there are still many older plate numbers in use (one letter—four numbers or two letters—three numbers, in various combinations). Fines usually begin at above speed limit. When caught, the offender can choose to settle and pay the fine or dispute the offence before a court. If the offender is travelling or more above the speed limit, the offender's driving license will immediately be revoked for at least two weeks. The offender is required to go to court, and cannot settle beforehand", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 40 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8779983", "chunk_text": "\"Vanity plate\"\nvanity plates, not covering computer-generated accidents. For example, Florida's famous \"\"A55 RGY\"\" license plate (with the standard drawing of an orange in the middle) looks like \"\"ASS ORGY\"\". The state of Georgia banned the word \"\"covfefe\"\", a misspelling of the word \"\"coverage\"\" that was coined by U.S. President Donald Trump on his Twitter to its customized plates. In some cases, a plate that has already been issued can be recalled and stripped from the vehicle's owner if the plate's message is found to be in violation after it has been issued. Some notable cases are: In the United Kingdom, number", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 41 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20005829", "chunk_text": "\"Vehicle registration plates of Georgia (country)\"\ncontaining the letters \"\"GA\"\" above each other. The code was two Latin letters followed by three numerals, with a safety hologram separating them. Dimensions are by . Regular military license plates receive a green strip on the left. Vehicle registration plates of Georgia (country) Vehicle registration plates of Georgia are composed of an embossed serial of two letters, a hyphen, three numbers, a hyphen, and two letters (e.g. AB-123-AB), in black on a white background with a blue vertical strip on the left. The plates are issued in the Latin alphabet. Georgian registration plates are the same size as the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 42 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "576989", "chunk_text": "\"Automatic number-plate recognition\"\nlicense plate design. ALPR systems must adapt to these changes quickly in order to be effective. Another challenge with ALPR systems is that some states have the same license plate protocol. For example, more than one state uses the standard three letters followed by four numbers. So each time the ALPR systems alarms, it is the user’s responsibility to make sure that the plate which caused the alarm matches the state associated with the license plate listed on the in-car computer. For maximum effectiveness, an ANPR system should be able to recognize plates from any jurisdiction, and the jurisdiction to", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 43 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10283262", "chunk_text": "\"Vehicle registration plates of New Zealand\"\nsuch as \"\"I A I\"\" exists an owner cannot purchase a combination such as \"\"IAI\"\", and vice versa. The most sought-after combinations available as personalised plates (such as \"\"A1\"\" or \"\"AAAAAA\"\") became special \"\"collector plates\"\", with lettering in blue on white. These plates are often offered for sale at a significant premium to standard plates. Special issues of personalised plates include 'I Love Plates' which was available from 1 February to 12 March 2018. A number of companies provide alternatives to the standard message plate. Number-plate frames attach to the plate and provide space for messages above and/or below the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 44 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20005824", "chunk_text": "\"Vehicle registration plates of Georgia (country)\"\nVehicle registration plates of Georgia (country) Vehicle registration plates of Georgia are composed of an embossed serial of two letters, a hyphen, three numbers, a hyphen, and two letters (e.g. AB-123-AB), in black on a white background with a blue vertical strip on the left. The plates are issued in the Latin alphabet. Georgian registration plates are the same size as the most common European registration plate. All plates have the abbreviation \"\"GE\"\" in the lower left corner of the plate and the national flag in the upper left corner. This set of new style registration plates have been in", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 45 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18397067", "chunk_text": "\"Vehicle registration plate\"\nL being a letter and D being a number. The previous series of registrations had been in effect since 1956 and was on brighter yellow plates with the format DD – DDDD. Also they didn’t have any national emblem or region identifier. Taxis have white number plates with red lettering. The current Vietnamese registration plate design consists of a white background with black characters, each province has a regional number (located on the left side of the plate). Official and government cars bear blue registration plates, central government plates bear the number 80 followed by the letter A, B or", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 46 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "821559", "chunk_text": "\"Newly licensed driver plate\"\nNewly licensed driver plate An L-plate is a square plate bearing a sans-serif letter L, for \"\"learner\"\", which must be affixed to the front and back of a vehicle in many countries if its driver is a learner under instruction, or a motorcycle rider with provisional entitlement to ride restricted motorcycles. In Australia the rules vary from state to state. A new driver holds a Learner licence/permit which has a minimum age of 16 or 15 and 9 months in some areas. This must then be held for a certain amount of time before a driving examination can be undertaken", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 47 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2589660", "chunk_text": "\"Vehicle registration plates of Europe\"\nVehicle registration plates of Europe A European vehicle registration plate is a vehicle registration plate, a metal or plastic plate or plates attached to a motor vehicle or trailer for official identification purposes. The registration identifier is a numeric or alphanumeric code that uniquely identifies the vehicle within the issuing authority's database. In Europe most countries have adopted a common format for number plates, such as the common EU format issued in EU member states. This format satisfies the requirements in the Vienna Convention on Road Traffic, which states that cross-border vehicles must display a distinguishing code for the country", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 48 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "225593", "chunk_text": "\"Vehicle registration plates of the Republic of Ireland\"\nVehicle registration plates of the Republic of Ireland In the Republic of Ireland, vehicle registration plates (commonly known as \"\"number plates\"\") are the visual indications of motor vehicle registration – officially termed \"\"index marks\"\" – which it has been mandatory since 1903 to display on most motor vehicles used on public roads in Ireland. The alphanumeric marks (or \"\"registration numbers\"\") themselves were issued by the local authority in which a vehicle is first registered. The current specification for number plates is the format YYY–CC–SSSSSS. Those issued from 1987 to 2012 had the format YY–CC–SSSSSS. The components are: Since 1991, the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 49 } ]
test_3448	who plays the short cop on will and grace?	n/a	[ "Ryan Pinkston" ]	[]	n/a	n/a	n/a	[]	[ { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12660772", "chunk_text": "\"Bobby Cannavale\"\nBobby Cannavale Robert Cannavale (; born May 3, 1970) is an American actor known for various film, television, and stage roles, including starring roles in \"\"Third Watch\"\", \"\"Boardwalk Empire\"\", \"\"Vinyl\"\", \"\"Will & Grace\"\", and \"\"Mr. Robot\"\". Cannavale had a recurring role on the NBC comedy series \"\"Will & Grace\"\" as Will Truman's long-term boyfriend Officer Vincent \"\"Vince\"\" D'Angelo, for which he won the 2005 Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Guest Actor in a Comedy Series; and portrayed Gyp Rosetti during the third season of the HBO drama series \"\"Boardwalk Empire\"\", for which he won the 2013 Primetime Emmy Award for", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 0 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19242811", "chunk_text": "\"Larry Sullivan\"\nLarry Sullivan Lawrence Edward \"\"Larry\"\" Sullivan, Jr. (born September 10, 1970) is an American actor, best known for his role as Robert, Will's ballet dancing boyfriend, on the NBC television series \"\"Will & Grace\"\". The episode was the show's first ever holiday episode, titled \"\"Jingle Balls.\"\" Sullivan frequently appears as Officer Andy Akers on the CBS television series \"\"\"\". Sullivan appeared in 3 episodes of \"\"24\"\" as Secret Service Agent Hoskins. His latest work includes a guest appearance on \"\"Modern Family\"\" as Mitchell's ex-boyfriend in the episode \"\"My Hero\"\" and a recurring role in the first season of the HBO", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 1 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8385533", "chunk_text": "\"Will Truman\"\nWill Truman William \"\"Will\"\" Truman is a fictional character on the American sitcom \"\"Will & Grace\"\", portrayed by Eric McCormack. He is a lawyer who lives in the Upper West Side of New York City with his best friend, Grace Adler (Debra Messing). The series also portrays his relationship with the two other main characters, Karen Walker (Megan Mullally) and Jack McFarland (Sean Hayes). Will was born on October 23, 1966, in Bridgeport, Connecticut, to WASP parents Marilyn (Blythe Danner) and George Truman (Sydney Pollack). He has two brothers, Paul (Jon Tenney) and Sam (John Slattery in the first season,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 2 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19242813", "chunk_text": "\"Larry Sullivan\"\nin a Campbell's Soup ad in 2015. Larry Sullivan Lawrence Edward \"\"Larry\"\" Sullivan, Jr. (born September 10, 1970) is an American actor, best known for his role as Robert, Will's ballet dancing boyfriend, on the NBC television series \"\"Will & Grace\"\". The episode was the show's first ever holiday episode, titled \"\"Jingle Balls.\"\" Sullivan frequently appears as Officer Andy Akers on the CBS television series \"\"\"\". Sullivan appeared in 3 episodes of \"\"24\"\" as Secret Service Agent Hoskins. His latest work includes a guest appearance on \"\"Modern Family\"\" as Mitchell's ex-boyfriend in the episode \"\"My Hero\"\" and a recurring role", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 3 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4725378", "chunk_text": "\"Sean Hayes (actor)\"\nit.\"\" He received an honorary PhD from Illinois State University in February 2013. In November 2014, Hayes announced that he had married his partner of eight years, Scott Icenogle. In October 2017, while appearing on an episode of \"\"The Ellen DeGeneres Show\"\", Hayes revealed that he had been hospitalized with a rare condition in which his small intestine burst. The intestine was successfully repaired. Sean Hayes (actor) Sean Patrick Hayes (born June 26, 1970) is an American actor, comedian and producer. He is best known for his role as Jack McFarland on the NBC sitcom \"\"Will & Grace\"\", for which", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 4 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6734478", "chunk_text": "\"Peter Paige\"\nPeter Paige Peter Paige (born June 20, 1969) is an American actor, director and screenwriter. His debut as director and writer was on the film \"\"Say Uncle\"\". Paige was born in West Hartford, Connecticut. He graduated from Boston University School of Theatre with a Bachelor of Fine Arts degree \"\"summa cum laude\"\". Best known for his role as Emmett Honeycutt on Showtime's hit series \"\"Queer as Folk\"\", Paige's other television credits include \"\"Will & Grace\"\", \"\"Time of Your Life\"\", \"\"Girlfriends\"\", \"\"Caroline in the City\"\", \"\"American Dad!\"\", \"\"Related\"\", \"\"Grey's Anatomy\"\", \"\"The Closer\"\" and \"\"Without a Trace\"\". His first audition in Los", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 5 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7891746", "chunk_text": "\"Bryan Lugo\"\nBryan Lugo Bryan Lugo (born August 7, 1982) is a Dominican-American actor, director. His most recognizable role may be in \"\"The CW\"\" series \"\"Supergirl\"\" as Looter. and as Ross the hitman in his recurring role on the Epix series \"\"Get Shorty\"\". Lugo was born in The Bronx, New York City, New York, to, Dominican parents, Jose Lugo and Maritza Lugo. Bryan Lugo played Officer Burton in the IFC Films and La Petite Reine film \"\"Maniac\"\". The film premiered at the 2012 Cannes Film Festival, out of competition. Lugo plays opposite Elijah Wood in the film, which premiered to a limited", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 6 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1229933", "chunk_text": "\"Joseph Will\"\nJoseph Will Joseph Will (born November 4, 1970) is an American actor. Will attended Point Park University graduating with a Bachelor of Fine Arts in Theater, and later pursued his master's degree in Acting from the Florida State University Conservatory of Actor Training, in Sarasota, Florida. Will began his television career in a comic role on the Emmy Award-winning sitcom \"\"Frasier\"\", opposite Kelsey Grammer and Patti Lupone. He has been featured in a number of prime time television shows, including NYPD Blue, \"\"\"\", \"\"Will & Grace\"\", \"\"Studio 60 On The Sunset Strip\"\", \"\"Without A Trace\"\", \"\"Shark\"\", \"\"Life With Bonnie\"\", and", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 7 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11250279", "chunk_text": "\"Sean Hayes (actor)\"\nSean Hayes (actor) Sean Patrick Hayes (born June 26, 1970) is an American actor, comedian and producer. He is best known for his role as Jack McFarland on the NBC sitcom \"\"Will & Grace\"\", for which he won a Primetime Emmy Award, four SAG Awards, and one American Comedy Award, and earned six Golden Globe nominations. He also runs a television production company called Hazy Mills Productions, which produces shows such as \"\"Grimm\"\", \"\"Hot in Cleveland\"\", \"\"The Soul Man\"\", and \"\"Hollywood Game Night\"\". He is known for his film work in movies such as \"\"Billy's Hollywood Screen Kiss\"\", \"\"Cats &", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 8 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11250272", "chunk_text": "\"Eric McCormack\"\nattended a march in Fresno, California, on May 30, 2009, after the Supreme Court of California upheld a ban on same-sex marriage approved by voters in November by ballot Proposition 8. McCormack is a Democrat. Eric McCormack Eric James McCormack (born April 18, 1963) is a Canadian-American actor known for his role as Will Truman in the American sitcom \"\"Will & Grace\"\", Grant MacLaren in Netflix's \"\"Travelers\"\" and Dr. Daniel Pierce in the American crime drama \"\"Perception\"\". Born in Toronto, McCormack began his acting career performing in high school plays. He left Ryerson University in 1985 to accept a position", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 9 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17705103", "chunk_text": "\"Michael Fairman\"\nMichael Fairman Michael Fairman (born February 25, 1934) is an American actor, and writer best known for his various roles during his long career, which started when he was 31 years old. This includes the role of Nick Szabo on the daytime drama, \"\"Ryan's Hope\"\", his recurring role as Department Inspector Knelman on \"\"Cagney & Lacey\"\", and the recurring role of Patrick Murphy on CBS's daytime drama, \"\"The Young and the Restless\"\". Additional television credits include,\"\"Charlie's Angels\"\", \"\"Eight is Enough\"\", \"\"Barnaby Jones\"\", \"\"Taxi\"\", \"\"WKRP in Cincinnati\"\", \"\"Knight Rider\"\", \"\"The A-Team\"\", \"\"Remington Steele\"\", \"\"Hill Street Blues\"\", \"\"The Dukes of Hazzard\"\", \"\"Newhart\"\",", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 10 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "959095", "chunk_text": "\"Eric McCormack\"\nEric McCormack Eric James McCormack (born April 18, 1963) is a Canadian-American actor known for his role as Will Truman in the American sitcom \"\"Will & Grace\"\", Grant MacLaren in Netflix's \"\"Travelers\"\" and Dr. Daniel Pierce in the American crime drama \"\"Perception\"\". Born in Toronto, McCormack began his acting career performing in high school plays. He left Ryerson University in 1985 to accept a position with the Stratford Shakespeare Festival, where he spent five years performing in numerous stage productions. For much of the late 1990s, he lived in Los Angeles and had minor roles. He made his feature film", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 11 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13834428", "chunk_text": "\"Peter Paige\"\nbiological and adoptive children together. The series began airing on June 3, 2013. On January 10, 2017, the network announced a fifth season was picked up. Peter Paige Peter Paige (born June 20, 1969) is an American actor, director and screenwriter. His debut as director and writer was on the film \"\"Say Uncle\"\". Paige was born in West Hartford, Connecticut. He graduated from Boston University School of Theatre with a Bachelor of Fine Arts degree \"\"summa cum laude\"\". Best known for his role as Emmett Honeycutt on Showtime's hit series \"\"Queer as Folk\"\", Paige's other television credits include \"\"Will &", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 12 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17628509", "chunk_text": "\"Chazz Palminteri\"\nChazz Palminteri Calogero Lorenzo \"\"Chazz\"\" Palminteri (born May 15, 1952) is an American actor, screenwriter, producer and playwright. He is best known for his Academy Award-nominated role for Best Supporting Actor in \"\"Bullets over Broadway\"\", the 1993 film \"\"A Bronx Tale\"\", based on his play of the same name, Special Agent Dave Kujan in \"\"The Usual Suspects\"\", Primo Sidone in \"\"Analyze This\"\" and his recurring role as Shorty in \"\"Modern Family\"\". Palminteri was born on May 15, 1952, in the Bronx, the son of Rose, a homemaker, and Lorenzo Palminteri, a bus driver. He was raised in the Belmont neighborhood", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 13 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13815854", "chunk_text": "\"Sydney Walsh\"\na series regular on the sitcom \"\"Daddy Dearest\"\" and appeared recurringly on \"\"Melrose Place\"\" and \"\"The Young and the Restless\"\". Some of her film credits are \"\"American Gun\"\", \"\"Auggie Rose\"\", \"\"Point Break\"\", \"\"Three Men and a Little Lady\"\" and \"\"\"\". Walsh has taught acting at The Acting Corps located in North Hollywood, California. She is an alumna of Williams College. Sydney Walsh Sydney Walsh (born June 6, 1961 in Manhattan, New York) is an American actress. She is perhaps best known for her role as Maureen \"\"Mo\"\" DeMott, a police officer who tries to \"\"save\"\" her gay patrol partner (Joseph", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 14 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15015302", "chunk_text": "\"Eric McCormack\"\nApril 2017, the episode order was increased to 12 episodes. In August 2017, it was extended again, to 16 episodes, and a second 13-episode season was ordered. In March 2018, NBC ordered five more episodes for the revival's second season, bringing the total to 18 episodes, and also renewed the show for an 18-episode third season. Eric McCormack will be continuing his role of Will Truman for all of the announced seasons of the revival. Following the end of \"\"Will & Grace\"\", McCormack starred on the New York stage opposite Fran Drescher, Judy Reyes, Brooke Smith, and Maura Tierney, in", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 15 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7994091", "chunk_text": "\"Keith Randolph Smith\"\nKeith Randolph Smith Keith Randolph Smith is an American Broadway, television, theater and film actor. Keith can be seen in the films \"\"Malcolm X\"\" and \"\"Girl 6\"\", both films directed by Spike Lee, as well as playing Will in \"\"Fallout\"\" and Jesse Hill in \"\"Backstreet Justice\"\". His TV credits include \"\"Law & Order\"\", \"\"Cosby\"\", \"\"New York Undercover\"\" and most recently as Jeff Nolan in the USA comedy \"\"Onion SportsDome\"\". Keith has worked extensively in the theater and his Broadway credits include \"\"Fences\"\", \"\"Come Back, Little Sheba\"\", \"\"King Hedley II\"\", \"\"The Piano Lesson\"\", and \"\"Salome\"\". Off-Broadway credits include \"\"Fabulation\"\" (Playwrights Horizons),", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 16 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6002317", "chunk_text": "\"Will Estes\"\nWill Estes William Estes Nipper (born October 21, 1978) is an American actor known for his role on CBS police drama \"\"Blue Bloods\"\" as Jamison \"\"Jamie\"\" Reagan, a New York Police Department officer and the younger son of the police commissioner, played by Tom Selleck. Previously, he starred as J.J. Pryor, on the NBC drama \"\"American Dreams\"\". Estes was born and raised in Los Angeles, California, where he currently resides. Estes' break-out movie role was Seaman Ronald 'Rabbit' Parker on \"\"U-571\"\". Early in his career, he did many commercials including Fruit of the Loom and numerous guest starring roles in", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 17 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1556752", "chunk_text": "\"Francesco Prando\"\nFrancesco Prando Francesco Prando (born February 22, 1960) is an Italian actor and voice actor. Prando was born in Rome to actors Marcello Prando and Luciana Durante. His maternal grandparents were actors Checco and Anita Durante. As a voice actor, Prando is renowned for dubbing over the voices of Luke Perry, Vince Vaughn, Matthew McConaughey, Keanu Reeves, Daniel Craig, Paul Rudd, Guy Pearce and many more. Some of his popular dubbing roles include Will Truman (portrayed by Eric McCormack) in the Italian version of \"\"Will & Grace\"\". In Prando's animated roles, he voiced Ned Flanders in the Italian dub of", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 18 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17051412", "chunk_text": "\"Jesse Lee Soffer\"\nRyan Bailey\"\". In September 2018, Soffer began dating \"\"Chicago Med\"\" star Torrey DeVitto. The Gunnery, Soffer's \"\"alma mater\"\" Jesse Lee Soffer Jesse Lee Soffer (born April 23, 1984) is an American actor. He is known for his role as Will Munson on the CBS soap opera \"\"As the World Turns\"\" for which he received three Emmy nominations. Since 2014, he has starred as Det. Jay Halstead on the NBC drama \"\"Chicago Fire\"\", in a recurring role, and its police procedural spin-off \"\"Chicago P.D.\"\", as part of the main cast. He is also known for his role as Bobby Brady in", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 19 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12667795", "chunk_text": "\"Jack McFarland\"\nJack McFarland John Philip \"\"Jack\"\" McFarland is a fictional character on the American television sitcom \"\"Will & Grace\"\", played by Sean Hayes. Jack is Will Truman's (Eric McCormack) best friend. A \"\"camp\"\" gay man, Jack has always had a passion for acting and the theatre, although virtually everyone he knows tells him he has no talent. Very mercurial, he changes careers rapidly from cater waiter, Banana Republic and Barneys New York sales clerk, to acting teacher, to student nurse, to surfer, to back-up dancer for Jennifer Lopez and Janet Jackson. Although he considers all his relationships serious, only one lasted", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 20 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9395053", "chunk_text": "\"Theo James\"\nTheo James Theodore Peter James Kinnaird Taptiklis (born 16 December 1984), better known as Theo James, is an English actor and model, known for portraying the role of Tobias \"\"Four\"\" Eaton in \"\"The Divergent Series\"\" film trilogy. He played Detective Walter William Clark, Jr. in the crime-drama series \"\"Golden Boy\"\" (2013), and David in the films \"\"\"\" (2012) and \"\"\"\" (2016). He starred as Will Younger in the Netflix Original film, \"\"How It Ends\"\" (2018). In 2015, he became the brand ambassador for Hugo Boss fragrances for men, appearing in print ads and commercials. James was born on 16 December", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 21 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13017948", "chunk_text": "\"Tom Everett Scott\"\nI Said So\"\", and starred in a Broadway theatre comedy, \"\"The Little Dog Laughed\"\", as closeted film star Mitchell Green, written by Douglas Carter Beane. He also appeared as Zip in an Off Broadway production of \"\"The Country Club\"\", also written by Beane. He starred as Jack Cutting on the ABC's brief comedy drama series \"\"Cashmere Mafia\"\" (2008). In 2009, he appeared in four episodes of \"\"Law & Order\"\" playing the fictional Governor of New York, Don Shalvoy. He also played Detective Russell Clarke in the seven episodes of the first season of \"\"Southland\"\", which was dropped by NBC and", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 22 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7077633", "chunk_text": "\"Evan Handler\"\nPBS television documentary \"\"Twitch & Shout\"\", in which Evan appeared. Evan Handler Evan Handler (born January 10, 1961) is an American actor who is best known for playing Charlie Runkle, Hank Moody's comically bumbling friend and agent, on \"\"Californication\"\" (2007–2014) and Harry Goldenblatt, a divorce attorney and later husband of Charlotte York on \"\"Sex and the City\"\" (2002–2004). Handler was born in New York City, to secular Jewish parents, the son of Enid Irene, a mental health administrator, and Murry Raymond Handler, an agency owner and advertising designer. He was raised in the Town of Cortlandt, New York, near Croton-on-Hudson,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 23 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3368580", "chunk_text": "\"Steve Guttenberg\"\nSteve Guttenberg Steven Robert Guttenberg (born August 24, 1958) is an American actor, author, businessman, producer, and director. He starred in 1984's \"\"Police Academy\"\", and went on to perform in lead roles in Hollywood films of the 1980s, including \"\"Cocoon\"\", \"\"Three Men and a Baby\"\", \"\"Three Men and a Little Lady\"\" and \"\"Short Circuit\"\". Guttenberg was born in Brooklyn, New York, the son of Ann Iris (née Newman), a surgical assistant, and Jerome Stanley Guttenberg, an electrical engineer. He has two sisters. He had a Jewish upbringing in North Massapequa, New York, where he graduated from Plainedge High School in", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 24 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9206105", "chunk_text": "\"John Scurti\"\nBrown\"\", \"\"Baywatch Nights\"\", \"\"Spin City\"\", \"\"Sex and the City\"\", \"\"The $treet\"\", \"\"Law & Order\"\", \"\"Ed\"\", and \"\"Monk\"\". He appeared in appeared in two episodes of Marvel's \"\"Luke Cage\"\", and in 2018 played a recurring character in the Netflix series \"\"The Good Cop\"\". John Scurti John Martin Scurti is an American actor. Scurti attended Fordham University, where he received a bachelor's degree in Fine Arts. One of his early major film roles was \"\"The Ref\"\" in 1994, in which he appeared with Denis Leary. He maintained a friendship with Leary, and in 2004 Leary asked him to play Lt. Ken Shea", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 25 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12369571", "chunk_text": "\"Jeremy Sisto\"\nJeremy Sisto Jeremy Merton Sisto (born October 6, 1974) is an American actor, producer, and writer. Sisto had recurring roles as Billy Chenowith in HBO's \"\"Six Feet Under\"\" and as NYPD Detective Cyrus Lupo in NBC's \"\"Law & Order\"\". He also starred in the comedy \"\"Clueless\"\" (1995), the biblical television film \"\"Jesus\"\" (1999), the drama \"\"Thirteen\"\" (2003), and the horror film \"\"Wrong Turn\"\" (2003). In 2004, he portrayed bigoted baseball player Shane Mungitt in \"\"Take Me Out\"\", for which he was nominated for a Los Angeles Drama Critics Circle Award for Featured Performance in a Play. In 2006, Sisto starred", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 26 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "959096", "chunk_text": "\"Eric McCormack\"\ndebut in the 1992 science-fiction adventure film \"\"The Lost World\"\". McCormack appeared in several television series, including \"\"Top Cops\"\", \"\"Street Justice\"\", \"\"\"\", \"\"Townies\"\", and \"\"Ally McBeal\"\". McCormack later gained worldwide recognition for playing Will Truman in \"\"Will & Grace\"\", which premiered in September 1998. His performance has earned him six Golden Globe nominations and four Emmy nominations, ultimately winning the Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Lead Actor in a Comedy Series in 2001. Aside from appearing in television, he made his Broadway debut in the 2001 production of \"\"The Music Man\"\" and starred in the 2005 film \"\"The Sisters\"\". Following", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 27 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1489824", "chunk_text": "\"Michael Landes\"\nMichael Landes Michael Christopher Landes (born September 18, 1972) is an American actor. He is known for his roles of Jimmy Olsen in the first season of \"\"\"\", Detective Nicholas O'Malley in \"\"Special Unit 2\"\", and Officer Thomas Burke in \"\"Final Destination 2\"\". On television, in \"\"Love Soup\"\", a British television comedy-drama produced by BBC Television and first screened on BBC One in the autumn of 2005, Landes was the male lead as Gil Raymond in Series 1, alongside Tamsin Greig as Alice Chenery. Landes starred in \"\"Hooten & the Lady\"\" as Ulysses Hooten. Landes' first major role was as", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 28 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19174724", "chunk_text": "\"Jeremy Sisto\"\n13, 2009 at New York City Hall. On March 9, 2012, the couple welcomed their second child, a son named Sebastian Kick Sisto. The family resides in Laurel Canyon, Los Angeles. Jeremy Sisto Jeremy Merton Sisto (born October 6, 1974) is an American actor, producer, and writer. Sisto had recurring roles as Billy Chenowith in HBO's \"\"Six Feet Under\"\" and as NYPD Detective Cyrus Lupo in NBC's \"\"Law & Order\"\". He also starred in the comedy \"\"Clueless\"\" (1995), the biblical television film \"\"Jesus\"\" (1999), the drama \"\"Thirteen\"\" (2003), and the horror film \"\"Wrong Turn\"\" (2003). In 2004, he portrayed bigoted", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 29 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12637728", "chunk_text": "\"Douglas Fielding\"\nreturned to \"\"EastEnders\"\" playing a private investigator called Will. Fielding appeared opposite Clive Owen in the 1996 video game \"\"\"\" and his film credits include the 1999 drama \"\"Holding On\"\" and the 2016 drama \"\"Hooligan Legacy\"\". In 2018, it was announced that Fielding would be guest-starring in Series 21 of \"\"Silent Witness\"\". He is the nephew of the renowned sports administrator Dame Marea Hartman. Represented by Reflections Talent Agency Douglas Fielding Douglas Fielding (born 6 June 1946) is a British actor of film and television, best known for playing the role of Sergeant Alec Quilley, previously Police Constable, in the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 30 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14885915", "chunk_text": "\"Short Cuts\"\nmake a spontaneous Sunday dinner date. Marian's sister, Sherri (Madeleine Stowe), is married to philandering cop Gene (Tim Robbins), who invents unbelievable stories to hide his affair with Betty Weathers (Frances McDormand). Betty is in the process of divorcing one of the helicopter pilots, Stormy (Peter Gallagher). Waitress Doreen Piggot (Lily Tomlin) is married to an alcoholic limo driver, Earl (Tom Waits). Television commentator Howard Finnigan (Bruce Davison) lives with his wife, Anne (Andie MacDowell), and their young son, Casey (Zane Cassidy), next door to Zoe and her mother, cabaret singer Tess (Annie Ross). Their pool cleaner is Jerry Kaiser", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 31 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14476735", "chunk_text": "\"Will & Grace\"\nWill & Grace Will & Grace is an American sitcom created by Max Mutchnick and David Kohan. Set in New York City, the show focuses on the friendship between best friends Will Truman (Eric McCormack), a gay lawyer, and Grace Adler (Debra Messing), a straight interior designer. The show was broadcast on NBC from September 21, 1998, to May 18, 2006, for a total of eight seasons, and returned to NBC on September 28, 2017. Especially during its original run, \"\"Will & Grace\"\" was one of the most successful television series with gay principal characters. Despite initial criticism for its", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 32 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16479820", "chunk_text": "\"David Prosho\"\nInspector. David Prosho Dave Prosho (born 1965, Leicestershire) is an English actor. He studied drama at University of Winchester (then known as King Alfred's College) on the Drama, Theatre and Television Studies course, from 1983 to 1986. Prosho is best known for his role as DC Ian Mitchell in Scott & Bailey. He has also appeared as Jimmy in The Syndicate and in a number of other dramas, including Queer as Folk, Phoenix Nights, The Cops, The Second Coming, and The Vice. He has also appeared in three Peter Kosminsky dramas: Walking on the Moon, Britz, and the BAFTA-winning The", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 33 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3732730", "chunk_text": "\"Will Horton\"\nSami's daughter (named Sydney) from the start. Mia learns her daughter, Grace, is dead. And Sami is re-united with Sydney; and Will meets his new sister. After a break, Will and Mia start dating again, but when Mia two-times Will with Chad, Will (now Chandler Massey) breaks up with her. Despite starting out as rivals for Mia's love, Will and Chad become friends. Chad also befriends Will's best mate − Tad \"\"T\"\" Stevens (Brendan Coughlin). Will's mom marries the former FBI agent and policeman Rafe Hernandez (Galen Gering), and Will loves living with them and his three young siblings as", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 34 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6401259", "chunk_text": "\"Sean O'Kane\"\nSean O'Kane Sean O'Kane (born 11 November 1964), is a Scottish actor from Cambuslang in Glasgow. Sean O'Kane grew up in Cambuslang, in a family with twelve siblings. He was interested in acting as a child, then at the age of 19, after a stint in the Territorial Army, O'Kane left the country. He took on stunt work, modeling and acting in student films, and arrived in Hollywood in the early 1980s. His first role was as Precinct cop Det. McKenzie on \"\"Cagney and Lacey\"\". When the cast and crew discovered his young age, and the fact that he lived", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 35 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17705105", "chunk_text": "\"Michael Fairman\"\nOT VII level. Fairman left the church in January 2011, around the time he was declared a Suppressive Person. Michael Fairman Michael Fairman (born February 25, 1934) is an American actor, and writer best known for his various roles during his long career, which started when he was 31 years old. This includes the role of Nick Szabo on the daytime drama, \"\"Ryan's Hope\"\", his recurring role as Department Inspector Knelman on \"\"Cagney & Lacey\"\", and the recurring role of Patrick Murphy on CBS's daytime drama, \"\"The Young and the Restless\"\". Additional television credits include,\"\"Charlie's Angels\"\", \"\"Eight is Enough\"\", \"\"Barnaby", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 36 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11954022", "chunk_text": "\"Columbus Short\"\nColumbus Short Columbus Keith Short, Jr. (born September 19, 1982) is an American choreographer, actor, and singer. He choreographed Britney Spears's Onyx Hotel Tour and worked with Brian Friedman (of \"\"So You Think You Can Dance\"\" fame). He is best known for his roles in the films \"\"Stomp the Yard\"\", \"\"Cadillac Records\"\", \"\"Armored\"\", and \"\"The Losers\"\". He previously starred as a series regular in the ABC drama \"\"Scandal\"\", as Harrison Wright. On April 26, 2014, it was announced that Short would leave \"\"Scandal\"\" after three seasons with the show. Short was born in Kansas City, Missouri, to a family he", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 37 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9294453", "chunk_text": "\"Bobby Cannavale\"\nepisodes of \"\"Oz\"\". He also appeared in the film \"\"The Station Agent\"\" as a man who befriends a little person removed from society. From 2004 to 2006, he had a recurring guest role on \"\"Will & Grace\"\" as Vince D'Angelo, the boyfriend (and eventual husband) of Will Truman (Eric McCormack) However, in the reboot, they are revealed not to be married. For this role, he won the Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Guest Actor in a Comedy Series in 2005. He has also appeared in the films \"\"Snakes on a Plane\"\", \"\"The Guru\"\" (2002), \"\"Shall We Dance?\"\" (2004) and \"\"Romance", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 38 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4481185", "chunk_text": "\"Jesse Lee Soffer\"\nJesse Lee Soffer Jesse Lee Soffer (born April 23, 1984) is an American actor. He is known for his role as Will Munson on the CBS soap opera \"\"As the World Turns\"\" for which he received three Emmy nominations. Since 2014, he has starred as Det. Jay Halstead on the NBC drama \"\"Chicago Fire\"\", in a recurring role, and its police procedural spin-off \"\"Chicago P.D.\"\", as part of the main cast. He is also known for his role as Bobby Brady in the comedy \"\"The Brady Bunch Movie\"\" and its sequel \"\"A Very Brady Sequel\"\". Soffer was born in Ossining,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 39 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "545629", "chunk_text": "\"Saving Grace (TV series)\"\ninvestigates homicides and other major crimes with the other detectives in her squad, including Ham Dewey (Kenny Johnson), Butch Ada (Bailey Chase), Bobby Stillwater (Gregory Cruz), and Captain Kate Perry (Lorraine Toussaint). Off the job, Grace drinks heavily, engages in numerous one-night stands and casual encounters with men, and is having an affair with her married police partner, Ham. Aside from her faults, Grace is an extraordinarily loving and generous person to those around her. In particular, she loves her young nephew, Clay (Dylan Minnette), and devotes a great deal of time to him. Earl appears to Grace throughout the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 40 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9230390", "chunk_text": "\"Debra Messing\"\nDebra Messing Debra Lynn Messing (born August 15, 1968) is an American actress. After graduating from New York University's Tisch School of the Arts, Messing received short-lived roles on television series such as \"\"Ned and Stacey\"\" on Fox (1995–1997) and \"\"Prey\"\" on ABC (1998). She achieved her breakthrough role as Grace Adler, an interior designer, on the NBC sitcom \"\"Will & Grace\"\" (1998–2006), for which she was critically acclaimed, receiving six Golden Globe Award nominations and five Primetime Emmy Award nominations for Outstanding Lead Actress in a Comedy Series, winning once in 2003. From 2007 to 2008, Messing starred as", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 41 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6623481", "chunk_text": "\"Evan Handler\"\nEvan Handler Evan Handler (born January 10, 1961) is an American actor who is best known for playing Charlie Runkle, Hank Moody's comically bumbling friend and agent, on \"\"Californication\"\" (2007–2014) and Harry Goldenblatt, a divorce attorney and later husband of Charlotte York on \"\"Sex and the City\"\" (2002–2004). Handler was born in New York City, to secular Jewish parents, the son of Enid Irene, a mental health administrator, and Murry Raymond Handler, an agency owner and advertising designer. He was raised in the Town of Cortlandt, New York, near Croton-on-Hudson, New York, and attended Hendrick Hudson High School in Montrose,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 42 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "844153", "chunk_text": "\"James Dreyfus\"\nJames Dreyfus James Dreyfus (born 9 October 1968) is an English actor. He is most notable for his roles on television sitcoms \"\"The Thin Blue Line\"\" as Constable Kevin Goody, and \"\"Gimme Gimme Gimme\"\" as Tom Farrell. He is most recently known for his role as Reverend Roger in \"\"Mount Pleasant\"\". He was born in France but moved to England at an early age and was educated at Harrow School and then trained at the Royal Academy of Dramatic Art. His parents divorced when he was very young. In 1998, Dreyfus won the Best Supporting Performance in a Musical Olivier", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 43 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14527964", "chunk_text": "\"Kevin Will\"\nKevin Will Kevin Will is an American television and film actor. He has appeared in minor roles in the television series \"\"Without a Trace\"\", \"\"NYPD Blue\"\", \"\"Gilmore Girls\"\", \"\"Desperate Housewives\"\", \"\"\"\", \"\"Malcolm in the Middle\"\", \"\"Grey's Anatomy\"\", \"\"Standoff\"\", \"\"E-Ring\"\", \"\"The District\"\", \"\"Martial Law\"\", \"\"Firefly\"\", \"\"The Division\"\", \"\"Angel\"\" and \"\"The Pretender\"\". He has also had minor roles in the films \"\"The Job\"\", \"\"The Prestige\"\", \"\"TheCampusHouse.com\"\" and \"\"Double Take\"\". In addition, he is seen in the Washington Mutual television bank advertisements as one of the \"\"traditional\"\" bankers who are not as customer focused as WAMU. Generally, he is one of the bankers", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 44 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8664358", "chunk_text": "\"Grace Adler\"\nGrace Adler Grace Elizabeth Adler (formerly Adler-Markus) is a fictional character in the American sitcom \"\"Will & Grace\"\", portrayed by Debra Messing. A Jewish interior designer living in New York City, she lives with her gay best friend, Will Truman (played by Eric McCormack), for a majority of the series. She is also the employer of Karen Walker (Megan Mullally) and the friend and neighbor of Jack McFarland (Sean Hayes). Grace was born on April 26, 1967, in Schenectady, New York. She has been particularly influenced by her mother, Bobbi (Debbie Reynolds), a flamboyant actress from whom she inherited her", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 45 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8077720", "chunk_text": "\"Ashley Zukerman\"\nAshley Zukerman Ashley Zukerman (born 30 December 1983) is an Australian-American actor best known for playing Dr. Charlie Isaacs on WGN America's \"\"Manhattan\"\", Senior Constable Michael Sandrelli in Australian drama series \"\"Rush\"\", and Jesse Banks in the Australian political thriller \"\"The Code\"\", for which he received an AACTA award for Best Lead Actor in a Television Drama in 2014. Recently, he starred in the role of Peter MacLeish in the ABC political drama \"\"Designated Survivor\"\". Zukerman was born in Santa Monica, California, and moved to Melbourne with his family when he was two years old. Zukerman attended Wesley College, Melbourne,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 46 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17880799", "chunk_text": "\"Keith Randolph Smith\"\nin 1987.\"\" Keith Randolph Smith trained at the American Academy of Dramatic Arts in New York City, United States, graduating in 1986. Keith Randolph Smith Keith Randolph Smith is an American Broadway, television, theater and film actor. Keith can be seen in the films \"\"Malcolm X\"\" and \"\"Girl 6\"\", both films directed by Spike Lee, as well as playing Will in \"\"Fallout\"\" and Jesse Hill in \"\"Backstreet Justice\"\". His TV credits include \"\"Law & Order\"\", \"\"Cosby\"\", \"\"New York Undercover\"\" and most recently as Jeff Nolan in the USA comedy \"\"Onion SportsDome\"\". Keith has worked extensively in the theater and his", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 47 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5485959", "chunk_text": "\"Jack McFarland\"\nand follows the boy there to tell him that there is nothing wrong with him. Elliot realizes the error of his ways and invites Jack into his family. The character has gained a mixed reception from critics for perpetuating gay stereotypes. Nevertheless, Hayes won a Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Supporting Actor in a Comedy Series in 2000 for his performance. Jack McFarland John Philip \"\"Jack\"\" McFarland is a fictional character on the American television sitcom \"\"Will & Grace\"\", played by Sean Hayes. Jack is Will Truman's (Eric McCormack) best friend. A \"\"camp\"\" gay man, Jack has always had a", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 48 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5485828", "chunk_text": "\"Rosario Salazar\"\npartner\"\", and her \"\"everything\"\". Rosario Salazar Rosario Inés Consuelo Yolanda Salazar (previously McFarland; also known as \"\"Rosie\"\" and \"\"Ro-Ro\"\") was a fictional character on the American television sitcom \"\"Will & Grace\"\", portrayed by actress Shelley Morrison. Originally due to appear just once, the character was so popular with audiences that the show's writers made her a semi-regular character. A native of El Salvador, Rosario was a school teacher, who received a bachelor's degree in clinical psychology from the University of Texas and who almost got a master's degree (three credits short); she also attended business school. At some point, she", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 49 } ]
test_3449	3 candidates for the democratic nomination in 1960?	n/a	[ "George H. McLain", "Pat Brown", "John F. Kennedy" ]	[]	n/a	n/a	n/a	[]	[ { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11181430", "chunk_text": "\"1960 Democratic National Convention\"\nhoused command-posts for the campaigns of the various candidates seeking the nomination, temporary studio spaces for the television networks, and workspaces for select print journalists. The major candidates for the 1960 Democratic presidential nomination were Kennedy, Governor Pat Brown of California, Senator Stuart Symington of Missouri, Senator Lyndon B. Johnson of Texas, former Illinois Governor Adlai Stevenson, Senator Wayne Morse of Oregon, and Senator Hubert Humphrey of Minnesota. Several other candidates sought support in their home state or region as \"\"favorite son\"\" candidates without any realistic chance of winning the nomination. Symington, Stevenson, and Johnson all declined to campaign in", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 0 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12995408", "chunk_text": "\"1960 United States presidential election\"\nhold the South, and used television effectively. In 1963, Kennedy was assassinated and was succeeded by Johnson. Nixon would later successfully seek the presidency in 1968. The major candidates for the 1960 Democratic presidential nomination were John F. Kennedy, Governor Pat Brown of California, Senator Stuart Symington from Missouri, Senator Lyndon B. Johnson from Texas, former Illinois Governor Adlai Stevenson, Senator Wayne Morse from Oregon, and Senator Hubert Humphrey from Minnesota. Several other candidates sought support in their home state or region as \"\"favorite son\"\" candidates without any realistic chance of winning the nomination. Symington, Stevenson, and Johnson all declined", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 1 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11181435", "chunk_text": "\"1960 Democratic National Convention\"\nreceived two new challengers when Lyndon B. Johnson, the powerful Senate Majority Leader from Texas, and Adlai Stevenson II, the party's nominee in 1952 and 1956, announced their candidacies. Johnson challenged Kennedy to a televised debate before a joint meeting of the Texas and Massachusetts delegations; Kennedy accepted. Most observers felt that Kennedy won the debate, and Johnson was not able to expand his delegate support beyond the South. Stevenson was popular among many liberal delegates, especially in California, but his two landslide defeats in 1952 and 1956 led party leaders to search for a \"\"fresh face\"\" who had a", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 2 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1254848", "chunk_text": "\"1960 United States presidential election\"\nConvention was held in Los Angeles, California. In the week before the convention opened, Kennedy received two new challengers when Lyndon B. Johnson, the powerful Senate Majority Leader from Texas, and Adlai Stevenson, the party's nominee in 1952 and 1956, officially announced their candidacies (they had both privately been working for the nomination for some time). However, neither Johnson nor Stevenson was a match for the talented and highly efficient Kennedy campaign team led by Robert F. Kennedy. Johnson challenged Kennedy to a televised debate before a joint meeting of the Texas and Massachusetts delegations, to which Kennedy accepted. Most", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 3 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10690522", "chunk_text": "\"1960 United States presidential election\"\nRepublican race to succeed popular incumbent Dwight D. Eisenhower. Kennedy, a Senator from Massachusetts, established himself as the Democratic front-runner with his strong performance in the 1960 Democratic primaries, including a key victory in West Virginia over Senator Hubert Humphrey. He defeated Senate Majority Leader Lyndon B. Johnson on the first presidential ballot of the 1960 Democratic National Convention, and asked Johnson to serve as his running mate. The issue of the Cold War dominated the election, as tensions were high between United States and the Soviet Union. Kennedy won a 303 to 219 Electoral College victory, and is generally", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 4 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1254839", "chunk_text": "\"1960 United States presidential election\"\n1960 United States presidential election The United States presidential election of 1960 was the 44th quadrennial presidential election, held on Tuesday, November 8, 1960. In a closely contested election, Democrat John F. Kennedy defeated incumbent Vice President Richard Nixon, the Republican Party nominee. This was the first election in which all fifty states participated, and the last in which the District of Columbia did not. It was also the first election in which an incumbent president was ineligible to run for a third term due to the term limits established by the 22nd Amendment. Nixon faced little opposition in the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 5 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11181429", "chunk_text": "\"1960 Democratic National Convention\"\n1960 Democratic National Convention The 1960 Democratic National Convention was held in Los Angeles, California, on July 11–July 15, 1960. It nominated Senator John F. Kennedy of Massachusetts for President and Senator Lyndon B. Johnson of Texas for Vice President. In the general election, the Kennedy–Johnson ticket won an electoral college victory and a narrow popular vote plurality (slightly over 110,000 nationally) over the Republican candidates Vice President Richard M. Nixon and UN Ambassador Henry C. Lodge II. Due to its size, the Biltmore Hotel was selected to serve as the headquarters hotel for the Democratic National Committee. It also", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 6 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11181437", "chunk_text": "\"1960 Democratic National Convention\"\nat an average rate of 5 percent annually, almost twice as fast as our annual rate since 1953...As the first step in speeding economic growth, a Democratic president will put an end to the present high-interest-rate, tight-money policy.\"\" Other planks included national defense, disarmament, civil rights, immigration, foreign aid, the economy, labor and tax reform. Senator Sam Ervin of North Carolina attempted to soften the party's plank on civil rights. A speech by Hawaii delegate Patsy Mink persuaded two-thirds of the party to keep their progressive stance on the issue. On July 13, 1960, the third day of the convention,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 7 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11952801", "chunk_text": "\"1960 Democratic National Convention\"\nof the vote. The convention was the setting for Norman Mailer's famous profile of Kennedy, \"\"Superman Comes to the Supermarket,\"\" published in \"\"Esquire\"\". 1960 Democratic National Convention The 1960 Democratic National Convention was held in Los Angeles, California, on July 11–July 15, 1960. It nominated Senator John F. Kennedy of Massachusetts for President and Senator Lyndon B. Johnson of Texas for Vice President. In the general election, the Kennedy–Johnson ticket won an electoral college victory and a narrow popular vote plurality (slightly over 110,000 nationally) over the Republican candidates Vice President Richard M. Nixon and UN Ambassador Henry C. Lodge", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 8 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1254847", "chunk_text": "\"1960 United States presidential election\"\nrivals, Johnson and Symington, failed to campaign in any primaries. Even though Stevenson had twice been the Democratic Party's presidential candidate and retained a loyal following of liberals, his two landslide defeats to Republican Dwight Eisenhower led most party leaders and delegates to search for a \"\"fresh face\"\" who could win a national election. Following the primaries, Kennedy traveled around the nation speaking to state delegations and their leaders. As the Democratic Convention opened, Kennedy was far in the lead, but was still seen as being just short of the delegate total he needed to win. The 1960 Democratic National", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 9 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4224733", "chunk_text": "\"1960 Democratic Party presidential primaries\"\n1960 Democratic Party presidential primaries The 1960 Democratic presidential primaries were the selection process by which voters of the Democratic Party chose its nominee for President of the United States in the 1960 U.S. presidential election. Senator John F. Kennedy of Massachusetts was selected as the nominee through a series of primary elections and caucuses culminating in the 1960 Democratic National Convention held from July 11 to July 15, 1960, in Los Angeles, California. Recalling the experience of 1928 Catholic Democratic presidential nominee Al Smith, many wondered if anti-Catholic prejudice would affect Kennedy's chances of winning the nomination and the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 10 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8791960", "chunk_text": "\"1960 United States presidential election in New York\"\n1960 United States presidential election in New York The 1960 United States presidential election in New York took place on November 8, 1960. All 50 states were part of the 1960 United States presidential election. New York voters chose forty five electors to the Electoral College, which selected the president and vice president. New York was won by Democratic Senator John F. Kennedy of Massachusetts, who was running against incumbent Republican Vice President Richard Nixon. Kennedy was running with Texas Senator, and strongest opponent in the 1960 Democratic Primaries, Lyndon B. Johnson for vice president, and Nixon ran with internationally", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 11 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6869395", "chunk_text": "\"1960 United States presidential election\"\nto campaign in the presidential primaries. While this reduced their potential delegate count going into the Democratic National Convention, each of these three candidates hoped that the other leading contenders would stumble in the primaries, thus causing the convention's delegates to choose him as a \"\"compromise\"\" candidate acceptable to all factions of the party. Kennedy was initially dogged by suggestions from some Democratic Party elders (such as former President Harry S. Truman, who was supporting Symington) that he was too youthful and inexperienced to be president; these critics suggested that he should agree to be the running mate for another", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 12 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11181434", "chunk_text": "\"1960 Democratic National Convention\"\nfailed to campaign in any primaries. Even though Stevenson had twice been the Democratic Party's presidential candidate and retained a loyal following of liberals, his two landslide defeats to Republican Dwight Eisenhower led most party leaders and delegates to search for a \"\"fresh face\"\" who could win a national election. Following the primaries, Kennedy traveled around the nation speaking to state delegations and their leaders. As the Democratic Convention opened, Kennedy was far in the lead, but was still seen as being just short of the delegate total he needed to win. In the week before the convention opened, Kennedy", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 13 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4224736", "chunk_text": "\"1960 Democratic Party presidential primaries\"\nSenate Majority Leader Lyndon B. Johnson, who did not participate in primaries, had a very strong base in party establishment and gained many delegates. Johnson did not join any primary, but was a write-in. The following political leaders were candidates for the 1960 Democratic presidential nomination. Morse, Smathers and Fisher were considered to be \"\"favorite-son\"\" candidates, without any realistic chance of winning the nomination: Total number of vote in primaries: candidates: \"\"Favorite Sons:\"\" Presidential tally: Kennedy announced Lyndon B. Johnson as his choice of running-mate on the afternoon following his nomination. Johnson was nominated by acclamation that evening. 1960 Democratic", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 14 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20378853", "chunk_text": "\"1960 United States elections\"\n1960 United States elections The 1960 United States elections was held on November 8, and elected the members of the 87th United States Congress. The Democratic Party retained control of Congress and won the presidency. In the presidential election, Democratic Senator John F. Kennedy from Massachusetts defeated sitting Republican Vice President Richard Nixon. Kennedy carried a mix of Southern, Midwestern, and Northeastern states, while Nixon dominated the West and won a majority of states. Fourteen unpledged electors from Alabama and Mississippi voted for Democratic Senator Harry F. Byrd from Virginia, as many Southern Democrats opposed the national party's stance on", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 15 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1254849", "chunk_text": "\"1960 United States presidential election\"\nobservers believed that Kennedy won the debate, and Johnson was unable to expand his delegate support beyond the South. Johnson received all 33 of Georgia's votes at the Democratic National Convention and was chosen by Georgia. Stevenson's failure to launch his candidacy publicly until the week of the convention meant that many liberal delegates who might have supported him were already pledged to Kennedy, and Stevenson—despite the energetic support of former First Lady Eleanor Roosevelt—could not break their allegiance. Kennedy won the nomination on the first ballot. Then, in a move that surprised many, Kennedy asked Johnson to be his", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 16 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2405980", "chunk_text": "\"Democratic Party vice presidential candidate selection, 1960\"\nDemocratic Party vice presidential candidate selection, 1960 This article lists those who were potential candidates for the Democratic nomination for Vice President of the United States in the 1960 election. After winning the presidential nomination on the first ballot of the 1960 Democratic National Convention, Massachusetts Senator John F. Kennedy turned his attention to picking a running mate. Kennedy chose Senate Majority Leader Lyndon B. Johnson, who had finished second on the presidential ballot, as his running mate. Johnson, a Protestant Texan, provided geographical and religious balance to a ticket led by a Catholic Northeasterner, but many liberals did not", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 17 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10690539", "chunk_text": "\"1960 United States presidential election\"\nand 10 a.m., John Kennedy called Pennsylvania governor David L. Lawrence, a Johnson backer, to request that Lawrence nominate Johnson for vice president if Johnson were to accept the role and then went to Johnson's suite to discuss a mutual ticket at 10:15 a.m. John Kennedy then returned to his suite to announce the Kennedy-Johnson ticket to his closest supporters and Northern political bosses. He accepted the congratulations of Ohio governor Michael DiSalle, Connecticut governor Abraham A. Ribicoff, Chicago mayor Richard J. Daley, and New York City mayor Robert F. Wagner Jr.. Lawrence said that \"\"Johnson has the strength where", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 18 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12995480", "chunk_text": "\"1960 United States presidential election\"\nIn Washington, Constitution Party ran Curtis for president and B. N. Miller for vice president, receiving 1,401 votes. Source (Electoral Vote): Margin of victory less than 1% (95 electoral votes): Margin of victory less than 5% (161 electoral votes): Margin of victory over 5%, but under 10% (160 electoral votes): 1960 United States presidential election The United States presidential election of 1960 was the 44th quadrennial presidential election, held on Tuesday, November 8, 1960. In a closely contested election, Democrat John F. Kennedy defeated incumbent Vice President Richard Nixon, the Republican Party nominee. This was the first election in which", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 19 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "90100", "chunk_text": "\"1960 United States presidential election in Connecticut\"\ncarried Connecticut by a comfortable margin of 7.47 percent, making him the first Democratic winner in the state since Franklin D. Roosevelt in 1944. 1960 United States presidential election in Connecticut The 1960 United States presidential election in Connecticut took place on November 8, 1960, as part of the 1960 United States presidential election, which was held throughout all 50 states. Voters chose eight representatives, or electors to the Electoral College, who voted for president and vice president. Connecticut voted for the Democratic nominee, Senator John F. Kennedy of Massachusetts, over the Republican nominee, Vice President Richard Nixon of California.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 20 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11181431", "chunk_text": "\"1960 Democratic National Convention\"\nthe presidential primaries. While this reduced their potential delegate count going into the Democratic National Convention, each of these three candidates hoped that the other leading contenders would stumble in the primaries, thus causing the convention's delegates to choose him as a \"\"compromise\"\" candidate acceptable to all factions of the party. Kennedy was initially dogged by suggestions from some Democratic Party elders (such as former President Harry S. Truman, who was supporting Symington) that he was too youthful and inexperienced to be president; these critics suggested that he should agree to be the running mate for another Democrat. Realizing that", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 21 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20378854", "chunk_text": "\"1960 United States elections\"\ncivil rights. Kennedy's popular vote margin of victory was the closest in any presidential election in the 20th century, with Kennedy garnering 0.17% more of the popular vote than his opponent. Nixon, the first sitting vice president to win either party's nomination since John C. Breckinridge in 1860, easily won his party's nomination. Sitting Republican President Dwight D. Eisenhower was the first president in American history to be legally ineligible for re-election, due to the 1951 ratification of the 22nd Amendment. Kennedy won the Democratic nomination on the first ballot, defeating Texas Senator Lyndon B. Johnson. Kennedy's general election victory", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 22 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10690543", "chunk_text": "\"1960 United States presidential election\"\nAt the 1960 Republican National Convention in Chicago, Illinois, Nixon was the overwhelming choice of the delegates, with conservative Senator Barry Goldwater from Arizona receiving 10 votes from conservative delegates. In earning the nomination, Nixon became the first sitting vice president to run for president since John C. Breckinridge exactly a century prior. Nixon then chose former Massachusetts Senator and United Nations Ambassador Henry Cabot Lodge Jr., as his vice presidential running mate. Nixon chose Lodge because his foreign-policy credentials fit into Nixon's strategy to campaign more on foreign policy than domestic policy, which he believed favored the Democrats. Nixon", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 23 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6937809", "chunk_text": "\"Robert B. Meyner\"\nDirector (and former governor) Harold G. Hoffman's massive corruption scam, and suspended Hoffman on March 18, 1954. Meyner defeated Malcolm Forbes handily in 1957 in his bid for re-election. In 1958, \"\"Time Magazine\"\" recognized Meyner as a potential candidate for the 1960 Democratic presidential nomination, and featured him on the cover of their November 24 edition of that year (along with five other noteworthy Democrats, including John F. Kennedy and Lyndon B. Johnson). At the 1960 Democratic National Convention Meyner received 43 votes for president, finishing fifth behind John F. Kennedy (806 votes), Lyndon Johnson (409 votes), Stuart Symington (86", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 24 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9614607", "chunk_text": "\"John F. Kennedy 1960 presidential campaign\"\nJohn F. Kennedy 1960 presidential campaign The 1960 presidential campaign of John F. Kennedy, a United States Senator from Massachusetts, began on January 2, 1960, when Kennedy formally announced his candidacy for 35th President of the United States, replacing incumbent President of the United States Dwight D. Eisenhower. Kennedy was nominated by the Democratic Party at the Democratic National Convention of 1960, taking place between July 11 and July 15, 1960. On July 15, 1960, Kennedy named Senator Lyndon B. Johnson of Texas as his official running mate. Kennedy and Johnson won the election on November 8, 1960, defeating incumbent", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 25 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8350178", "chunk_text": "\"1960 United States presidential election in Rhode Island\"\n1960 United States presidential election in Rhode Island The 1960 United States presidential election in Rhode Island took place on November 8, 1960, as part of the 1960 United States presidential election, which was held throughout all 50 states. Voters chose four representatives, or electors to the Electoral College, who voted for president and vice president. Rhode Island voted for the Democratic nominee, Senator John F. Kennedy of Massachusetts, over the Republican nominee, Vice President Richard Nixon of California. Kennedy ran with Senate Majority Leader Lyndon B. Johnson of Texas, while Nixon's running mate was Ambassador Henry Cabot Lodge, Jr.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 26 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11181433", "chunk_text": "\"1960 Democratic National Convention\"\nareas, and thus Humphrey decided to continue the contest in the heavily Protestant state of West Virginia. The first televised debate of 1960 was held in West Virginia, and Kennedy outperformed Humphrey. Humphrey's campaign was low on funds and could not compete for advertising and other \"\"get-out-the-vote\"\" drives with Kennedy's well-financed and well-organized campaign. In the end, Kennedy defeated Humphrey with over 60% of the vote, and Humphrey ended his presidential campaign. West Virginia showed that Kennedy, a Catholic, could win in a heavily Protestant state. Although Kennedy had only competed in nine presidential primaries, Kennedy's rivals, Johnson and Symington,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 27 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10690533", "chunk_text": "\"1960 United States presidential election\"\nrunning mate. He realized that he could not be elected without the support of traditional Southern Democrats, most of whom had backed Johnson. He offered Johnson the vice presidential nomination at the Los Angeles Biltmore Hotel at 10:15 a.m. on July 14, 1960, the morning after being nominated for president. Robert F. Kennedy, who hated Johnson for his attacks on the Kennedy family, and who favored labor leader Walter Reuther, later said that his brother offered the position to Johnson as a courtesy and did not predict him to accept it. Arthur M. Schlesinger Jr., and Seymour Hersh quoted Robert", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 28 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18279515", "chunk_text": "\"John F. Kennedy\"\nKennedy was hospitalized at the time. The speech had the potential of putting Kennedy in the position of participating procedurally by \"\"pairing\"\" his vote against that of another senator. Although Kennedy never indicated how he would have voted, the episode damaged his support among members of the liberal community, including Eleanor Roosevelt, in the 1956 and 1960 elections. On January 2, 1960, Kennedy announced his candidacy for the Democratic presidential nomination. Though some questioned Kennedy's youth and experience, his charisma and eloquence earned him numerous supporters. His greatest obstacle to winning the nomination may have been his religion. Many Americans", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 29 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14447887", "chunk_text": "\"David L. Lawrence\"\nat the price of budget deficits and tax increases, a move that angered many fiscal conservatives. In 1960, Lawrence was among a group of political leaders who created the Finnegan Foundation, which provide practical training in government and politics for outstanding undergraduate students by offering ten-week paid internships in the state government in Harrisburg each summer. Lawrence had attended his first Democratic National Convention as a page in 1912 and would attend every subsequent convention until his death. He was instrumental in the nominations of Franklin Delano Roosevelt in 1932 and John F. Kennedy in 1960, and became known as", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 30 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13672565", "chunk_text": "\"Adlai Stevenson II\"\nthe Convention.\"\" In May 1960 Senator John F. Kennedy, who was actively campaigning for the Democratic nomination, visited Stevenson at his Libertyville home. Kennedy asked Stevenson for a public endorsement of his candidacy; in exchange Kennedy promised, if elected, to appoint Stevenson as his Secretary of State. Stevenson turned down the offer, which strained relations between the two men. At the 1960 Democratic National Convention in Los Angeles, Stevenson's admirers, led by Eleanor Roosevelt, Agnes Meyer, and such Hollywood celebrities as Dore Schary and Henry Fonda, vigorously promoted him for the nomination, even though he was not an announced candidate.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 31 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11181436", "chunk_text": "\"1960 Democratic National Convention\"\nbetter chance of winning. Two Johnson supporters, including John B. Connally, brought up the question of Kennedy's health. Connally said that Kennedy had Addison's disease. JFK press secretary Pierre Salinger of California denied the story. A Kennedy physician, Janet Travell, released a statement that the senator's adrenal glands were functioning adequately and that he was no more susceptible to infection than anyone else. It was also denied that Kennedy was on cortisone. The Democratic platform in 1960 was the longest yet. They called for a loosening of tight economic policy: \"\"We Democrats believe that the economy can and must grow", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 32 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5602365", "chunk_text": "\"Presidency of Dwight D. Eisenhower\"\nwas dominated by the Cold War and the economy. John F. Kennedy triumphed at the 1960 Democratic National Convention, defeating Lyndon B. Johnson, Hubert Humphrey, and other candidates to become the party's presidential nominee. To shore up support in the South and West, Kennedy chose Johnson as his running mate. In the general election, Kennedy attacked the alleged \"\"missile gap\"\" and endorsed federal aid for education, an increased minimum wage, and the establishment of a federal health insurance program for the elderly. Nixon, meanwhile, wanted to win on his own, and did not take up Eisenhower's offers for help. To", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 33 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10690575", "chunk_text": "\"1960 United States presidential election\"\nbeat Nixon by less than two tenths of one percentage point (0.17%)—the closest popular-vote margin of the 20th century. In the Electoral College, Kennedy's victory was larger, as he took 303 electoral votes to Nixon's 219; 269 were needed to win. A total of 15 electors—eight from Mississippi, six from Alabama, and one from Oklahoma—refused to vote for either Kennedy or Nixon. Instead, they cast their votes for Senator Harry F. Byrd of Virginia, a conservative Democrat, even though he had not been a candidate for president. Kennedy carried 12 states by three percentage points or less, while Nixon won", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 34 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "925882", "chunk_text": "\"1960 United States presidential election in Illinois\"\n1960 United States presidential election in Illinois The 1960 United States presidential election in Illinois took place on November 8, 1960, as part of the 1960 United States presidential election. Illinois voters chose twenty-seven representatives, or electors, to the Electoral College, who voted for president and vice president. In the nation's second-closest race, Illinois was won by Senator John F. Kennedy (D–Massachusetts), running with Senator Lyndon B. Johnson, with 49.98% of the popular vote against incumbent Vice President Richard Nixon (R–California), running with United States Ambassador to the United Nations Henry Cabot Lodge, Jr., with 49.80% of the popular vote,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 35 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1254845", "chunk_text": "\"1960 United States presidential election\"\nDemocrat. Realizing that this was a strategy touted by his opponents to keep the public from taking him seriously, Kennedy stated frankly, \"\"I'm not running for vice president, I'm running for president.\"\" The next step was the primaries. Kennedy's Roman Catholic religion was an issue. Kennedy first challenged Minnesota Senator Hubert Humphrey in the Wisconsin primary and defeated him. Kennedy's attractive sisters, brothers, and wife Jacqueline combed the state looking for votes, leading Humphrey to complain that he \"\"felt like an independent merchant competing against a chain store.\"\" However, some political experts argued that Kennedy's margin of victory had come", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 36 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20436384", "chunk_text": "\"Modern liberalism in the United States\"\nday, agreement on domestic matters was not enough to hold the liberal consensus together. In the 1960 presidential campaign, Kennedy was liberal in domestic policy but conservative on foreign policy, calling for a more aggressive stance against Communism than his opponent Richard Nixon. Opposition to the war first emerged from the New Left and from black leaders such as Martin Luther King. By 1967, however, there was growing opposition from within liberal ranks, led in 1968 by Senators Eugene McCarthy and Robert Kennedy. After Democratic President Lyndon Johnson announced, in March 1968, that he would not run for reelection, Kennedy", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 37 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7100670", "chunk_text": "\"1960 United States presidential election in New Jersey\"\n1960 United States presidential election in New Jersey The 1960 United States presidential election in New Jersey took place on November 8, 1960. All 50 states were part of the 1960 United States presidential election. New Jersey voters chose 16 electors to the Electoral College, which selected the president and vice president. New Jersey was won by the Democratic nominees, Senator John F. Kennedy of Massachusetts and his running mate Senate Majority Leader Lyndon B. Johnson of Texas. Kennedy and Johnson defeated the Republican nominees, Vice President Richard Nixon of California and his running mate Ambassador Henry Cabot Lodge, Jr.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 38 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2405982", "chunk_text": "\"Democratic Party vice presidential candidate selection, 1960\"\nas Senate Majority Leader in favor of the more liberal Mike Mansfield. Regardless, Johnson decided that accepting the offer would be better for his political career and better position himself to become president, and so he chose to become Kennedy's running mate. The Democratic convention confirmed Johnson as the vice presidential nominee, although the delegation from Washington, D.C. attempted to select Minnesota Governor Orville Freeman instead. The Kennedy-Johnson ticket narrowly defeated incumbent Vice President Richard Nixon and his running mate, former Massachusetts Senator Henry Cabot Lodge, in the 1960 election. Johnson ascended to the presidency in 1963 upon the assassination", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 39 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3815994", "chunk_text": "\"1960 United States presidential election in New Hampshire\"\n1960 United States presidential election in New Hampshire The 1960 United States presidential election in New Hampshire took place on November 8, 1960, as part of the 1960 United States presidential election, which was held throughout all 50 states. Voters chose four representatives, or electors to the Electoral College, who voted for president and vice president. New Hampshire was won by the Republican nominees, incumbent Vice President Richard Nixon of California, and his running mate Ambassador Henry Cabot Lodge, Jr. of Massachusetts. Nixon and Lodge defeated the Democratic nominees, Senator John F. Kennedy of Massachusetts and his running mate Senate", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 40 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2405983", "chunk_text": "\"Democratic Party vice presidential candidate selection, 1960\"\nof Kennedy. Democratic Party vice presidential candidate selection, 1960 This article lists those who were potential candidates for the Democratic nomination for Vice President of the United States in the 1960 election. After winning the presidential nomination on the first ballot of the 1960 Democratic National Convention, Massachusetts Senator John F. Kennedy turned his attention to picking a running mate. Kennedy chose Senate Majority Leader Lyndon B. Johnson, who had finished second on the presidential ballot, as his running mate. Johnson, a Protestant Texan, provided geographical and religious balance to a ticket led by a Catholic Northeasterner, but many liberals", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 41 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11181438", "chunk_text": "\"1960 Democratic National Convention\"\nKennedy gained a narrow majority on the first ballot, with campaign manager Robert Kennedy securing critical delegates at the last minute. The final tally was: Kennedy was the first senator since 1920 to be nominated for the presidency by either the Democrats or the Republicans. On the last day of the convention, Kennedy delivered his acceptance speech from the adjacent Los Angeles Memorial Coliseum. In Kennedy's acceptance speech he spoke about how Americans may be hesitant about him, because of his faith. In his speech he said, \"\"I am fully aware of the fact that the Democratic party, by nominating", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 42 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4224734", "chunk_text": "\"1960 Democratic Party presidential primaries\"\nelection in November. To prove his vote-getting ability, Kennedy challenged Minnesota Senator Hubert Humphrey, a liberal, in the Wisconsin primary. Although Kennedy defeated Humphrey in Wisconsin, the fact that his margin of victory came mostly from heavily Catholic areas left many party bosses unconvinced of Kennedy's appeal to non-Catholic voters. Kennedy next faced Humphrey in the heavily Protestant state of West Virginia, where anti-Catholic bigotry was said to be widespread. Humphrey's campaign was low on money and could not compete with the well-organized, well-financed Kennedy team. Kennedy's attractive sisters and brothers combed the state looking for votes, leading Humphrey to", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 43 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3616548", "chunk_text": "\"1960 United States presidential election in Vermont\"\n1960 United States presidential election in Vermont The 1960 United States presidential election in Vermont took place on November 8, 1960, as part of the 1960 United States Presidential Election which was held throughout all 50 states. Voters chose three representatives, or electors to the Electoral College, who voted for president and vice president. Vermont was won by the Republican nominee, incumbent Vice President Richard Nixon of California, and his running mate Ambassador Henry Cabot Lodge, Jr. of Massachusetts, defeating Democratic Senator John F. Kennedy of Massachusetts and his running mate Senate Majority Leader Lyndon B. Johnson of Texas. Nixon", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 44 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19712418", "chunk_text": "\"1960 United States presidential election in Pennsylvania\"\nhad previously predicted, with decreases vis-à-vis the 1954 gubernatorial election even in heavily Catholic urban counties. Massachusetts Senator John Fitzgerald Kennedy had emerged as the front-runner for the Democratic nomination but Pennsylvania Democrats were reluctant to run his for fear of an anti-Catholic reaction in traditionally Democratic rural counties. However, lobbying by Boston Archbishop Richard Cushing meant Governor Lawrence released sixty-four of the state’s eighty-one delegates for Kennedy in a bid to stop Adlai Stevenson II from gaining a third nomination. Pennsylvania narrowly voted for the Democratic nominee Senator Kennedy over the Republican nominee, Vice President Richard Nixon. Kennedy won", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 45 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "90099", "chunk_text": "\"1960 United States presidential election in Connecticut\"\n1960 United States presidential election in Connecticut The 1960 United States presidential election in Connecticut took place on November 8, 1960, as part of the 1960 United States presidential election, which was held throughout all 50 states. Voters chose eight representatives, or electors to the Electoral College, who voted for president and vice president. Connecticut voted for the Democratic nominee, Senator John F. Kennedy of Massachusetts, over the Republican nominee, Vice President Richard Nixon of California. Kennedy ran with Senate Majority Leader Lyndon B. Johnson of Texas, while Nixon's running mate was Ambassador Henry Cabot Lodge, Jr. of Massachusetts. Kennedy", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 46 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15549614", "chunk_text": "\"1960 United States presidential election in Iowa\"\n1960 United States presidential election in Iowa The 1960 United States presidential election in Iowa took place on November 8, 1960, as part of the 1960 United States presidential election. Iowa voters chose ten representatives, or electors, to the Electoral College, who voted for president and vice president. Iowa was won by incumbent Vice President Richard Nixon (R–California), running with United States Ambassador to the United Nations Henry Cabot Lodge, Jr., with 56.71% of the popular vote, against Senator John F. Kennedy (D–Massachusetts), running with Senator Lyndon B. Johnson, with 43.22% of the popular vote. , this is the last", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 47 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8382121", "chunk_text": "\"1960 United States presidential election in South Dakota\"\n1960 United States presidential election in South Dakota The 1960 United States presidential election in South Dakota took place on November 8, 1960, as part of the 1960 United States presidential election. South Dakota voters chose four representatives, or electors, to the Electoral College, who voted for president and vice president. South Dakota was won by incumbent Vice President Richard Nixon (R–California), running with United States Ambassador to the United Nations Henry Cabot Lodge, Jr., with 58.21% of the popular vote, against Senator John F. Kennedy (D–Massachusetts), running with Senator Lyndon B. Johnson, with 41.79% of the popular vote. ,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 48 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5172821", "chunk_text": "\"1960 New York state election\"\nterm would expire at the end of 1960. The Republican State Committee met on September 12 at Albany, New York, and re-nominated the incumbents Fuld and Foster. The Democratic State Committee met on September 12 at Albany, New York, and endorsed the incumbent Republican Stanley H. Fuld for re-election, and nominated Supreme Court Justice Henry L. Ughetta for the other vacancy. On September 13, the Liberal Party endorsed the Republican/Democratic nominee Fuld, and nominated Supreme Court Justice Benjamin Brenner for the other vacancy. On September 18, Brenner declined to run. On September 19, the Liberals also endorsed the other Republican", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 49 } ]
test_3450	what is the top speed of thrust ssc?	n/a	[ "1,228 km/h" ]	[]	n/a	n/a	n/a	[]	[ { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10286515", "chunk_text": "ThrustSSC\nThrustSSC ThrustSSC, Thrust SSC or Thrust supersonic car is a British jet-propelled car developed by Richard Noble, Glynne Bowsher, Ron Ayers, Reece Liebenberg, Joshua Hambury and Jeremy Bliss. Thrust SSC holds the world land speed record, set on 15 October 1997, when it achieved a speed of and became the first land vehicle to officially break the sound barrier. Both Thrust SSC and Thrust2 are displayed at the Coventry Transport Museum in Coventry, England. As part of the Museum's redevelopment project, both cars were relocated by specialist haulier from their position in the Museum's Spirit of Speed Gallery to the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 0 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20470404", "chunk_text": "ThrustSSC\nreleased the following message: The complete run history is available. In 1983 Richard Noble had broken the world land speed record with his earlier car Thrust2, which reached a speed of 1,019 km/h (633 mph). The date of Andy Green's record came exactly a half century and one day after Chuck Yeager broke the sound barrier in Earth's atmosphere, with the Bell X-1 research rocket plane on 14 October 1947. Both Thrust SSC and Thrust2 are displayed at the Coventry Transport Museum in Coventry, England. Thrust SSC is housed in a barrel-roofed hall. Visitors can board the pit trailer from", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 1 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10576638", "chunk_text": "\"Thrust-specific fuel consumption\"\nindicated by a simplistic look at the table below. SFC varies with throttle setting,altitude and climate. For jet engines, flight speed also has a significant effect upon SFC; SFC is roughly proportional to air speed (actually exhaust velocity), but speed along the ground is also proportional to air speed. Since work done is force times distance, mechanical power is force times speed. Thus, although the nominal SFC is a useful measure of fuel efficiency, it should be divided by speed to get a way to compare engines that fly at different speeds. For example, Concorde cruised at 1354 mph, or", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 2 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10780839", "chunk_text": "\"SSC Aero\"\nin anticipation of the SSC Ultimate Aero production vehicle. Wind tunnel testing indicated that the Ultimate Aero could theoretically reach a top speed of given appropriate transmission gear ratios, although the supplied transmission would result in at the car's redline. The base Aero, however, had a theoretical top speed of about . The Ultimate Aero accelerates from 0–96 km/h in 2.78 seconds, slower than the Bugatti Veyron which achieves 0–96 km/h in 2.46 seconds partially due to its AWD drivetrain. Styling of the Aero includes the use of butterfly doors similar to those found on the McLaren F1 and Enzo", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 3 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19233737", "chunk_text": "\"SSC North America\"\nWA 2006 - Ultimate Aero sets record on Road & Track magazine's slalom course, breaking previous record held by the Enzo Ferrari September 13, 2007 - SSC Ultimate Aero sets record for fastest production vehicle as verified by Guinness World Records, reaching a top speed 256.18 MPH averaged over two runs in opposite directions. July 10, 2008 - SSC announced it would open its Dubai showroom in February 2009. 2008 - SSC announced plans to unveil the Ultimate Aero EV (Electric Vehicle). SSC expects to roll out its first prototype in February 2009. The car was advertised in the original", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 4 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19233742", "chunk_text": "\"SSC North America\"\nfound in the majority of the SSC Ultimate Aero's produced. On September 13, 2007 the Ultimate Aero became the world's fastest production car as certified by Guinness World Records with a top speed of 256.18 mph averaged over two runs in opposite directions. In 2013, SSC North America announced they were going to produce a limited number of SSC Ultimate Aero XT's. This vehicle was an upgraded Ultimate Aero and included many features from the Tuatara. These features include a 1,300 horsepower version of the Tuatara twin-turbo charged V8, a 7-speed Tuatara paddle shifter transmission, and upgrade cooling, fuel, and", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 5 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9582410", "chunk_text": "\"Bloodhound SSC\"\nBloodhound SSC Bloodhound SSC is a British supersonic land vehicle. Its goal is to match or exceed , achieving a new world land speed record. The pencil-shaped car, powered by a jet engine and a rocket engine, is designed to reach . It is being developed and built with the intention of breaking the land speed record by 33 per cent, the largest ever margin. Runway testing of up to occurred on 26, 28 and 30 October 2017 in Newquay, Cornwall. Bloodhound SSC will then be tested on the Hakskeen Pan in the Mier area of the Northern Cape, South", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 6 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10576639", "chunk_text": "\"Thrust-specific fuel consumption\"\n7.15 million feet per hour, with its engines giving an SFC of 1.195 lb/(lbf·h) (see below); this means the engines transferred 5.98 million foot pounds per pound of fuel (17.9 MJ/kg), equivalent to an SFC of 0.50 lb/(lbf·h) for a subsonic aircraft flying at 570 mph, which would be better than even modern engines; the Olympus 593 used in the Concorde was the world's most efficient jet engine. However, Concorde ultimately has a heavier airframe and, due to being supersonic, is less aerodynamically efficient, i.e., the lift to drag ratio is far lower. In general, the total fuel burn of", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 7 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20470402", "chunk_text": "ThrustSSC\nII jet fighter. The car was 16.5 m (54 ft) long, 3.7 m (12 ft) wide and weighed 10.5 tons (10.7 t), and the twin engines developed a net thrust of 223 kN (50,000 lbf), giving a power output of roughly 102,000 bhp (76 MW) at the measured record speed of 341 metres per second, burning around 18 litres/second (4.0 Imperial gallons/s or 4.8 US gallons/s) of fuel. Transformed into the usual terms for car mileages based on this speed, the fuel consumption was about . The thermal power released by burning 18 litres/second of aviation fuel is approximately 630", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 8 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19233736", "chunk_text": "\"SSC North America\"\nhorsepower. The SSC Ultimate Aero was equipped with a twin turbocharged pushrod engined V8. Its turbocharged V8 produces On September 13, 2007, the \"\"Ultimate Aero\"\" gained the official Guinness World Record for fastest production car. The Ultimate Aero has a top speed of . On June 26, 2010 the title was again lost to the upgraded Bugatti Veyron Super Sport that held the official Guinness Certified World speed record for production cars with a top speed of 1998 - Company founded by current CEO Jerod Shelby 2004 - First Ultimate Aero prototype completed in at company headquarters in West Richland,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 9 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10886581", "chunk_text": "\"Supersonic speed\"\nthe corresponding increase in the speed of sound. When an inflated balloon is burst, the torn pieces of latex contract at supersonic speed, which contributes to the sharp and loud popping noise. To date, only one land vehicle has officially travelled at supersonic speed. It is ThrustSSC, driven by Andy Green, which holds the world land speed record, having achieved an average speed on its bi-directional run of in the Black Rock Desert on 15 October 1997. Richard Noble, Andy Green and a team of engineers are currently planning to break this record in 2019 at Hakskeen Pan in South", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 10 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10886582", "chunk_text": "\"Supersonic speed\"\nAfrica with the Bloodhound SSC hybrid jet- and rocket-propelled car. Supersonic aerodynamics is simpler than subsonic aerodynamics because the airsheets at different points along the plane often cannot affect each other. Supersonic jets and rocket vehicles require several times greater thrust to push through the extra aerodynamic drag experienced within the transonic region (around Mach 0.85–1.2). At these speeds aerospace engineers can gently guide air around the fuselage of the aircraft without producing new shock waves, but any change in cross area farther down the vehicle leads to shock waves along the body. Designers use the Supersonic area rule and", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 11 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10780843", "chunk_text": "\"SSC Aero\"\nwhich is a spoiler that rises up to when the brake is pressed. This updated model reached a top speed of in a test, according to SSC. In 2009, SSC announced that they would be commencing production of the Ultimate Aero EV, an electrically-powered version of the Ultimate Aero. This car featured twin electric motors, claimed to be capable of producing , and of torque, which was transmitted through a three-speed automatic transmission. SSC claimed that the car would be able to accelerate from in 2.5 seconds, and reach a top speed of . However, the car never entered production.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 12 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5228891", "chunk_text": "ThrustSSC\nthe future of the Bloodhound SSC project in doubt. The Advertising Standards Authority rejected the Bloodhound team's complaint, claiming that intellectual property disputes were not in its remit. According to BBC News technology correspondent Rory Cellan-Jones, Intel and Orange responded that their production team had researched different styles of \"\"superfast vehicles\"\" and developed their own Orange-branded land speed car, and that the advertisement and phone were not connected to Noble or Bloodhound SSC. ThrustSSC ThrustSSC, Thrust SSC or Thrust supersonic car is a British jet-propelled car developed by Richard Noble, Glynne Bowsher, Ron Ayers, Reece Liebenberg, Joshua Hambury and Jeremy", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 13 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5674802", "chunk_text": "\"Thrust-specific fuel consumption\"\na complete aircraft is of far more importance to the customer. The following table gives the efficiency for several engines when running at 80% throttle, which is approximately what is used in cruising, giving a minimum SFC. The efficiency is the amount of power propelling the plane divided by the rate of energy consumption. Since the power equals thrust times speed, the efficiency is given by where V is speed and h is the energy content per unit mass of fuel (probably the lower heating value is used here). Thrust-specific fuel consumption Thrust-specific fuel consumption (TSFC) is the fuel efficiency", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 14 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18336049", "chunk_text": "\"Supersonic speed\"\nBase. The crew were William Magruder (pilot), Paul Patten (copilot), Joseph Tomich (flight engineer), and Richard H. Edwards (flight test engineer). This was the first and only supersonic flight by a civilian airliner other than the Concorde or Tu-144. Supersonic speed Supersonic travel is a rate of travel of an object that exceeds the speed of sound (Mach 1). For objects traveling in dry air of a temperature of 20 °C (68 °F) at sea level, this speed is approximately 344 m/s, 1,125 ft/s, 768 mph, 667 knots, or 1,235 km/h. Speeds greater than five times the speed of sound", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 15 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17567210", "chunk_text": "\"Thrust vectoring\"\nThrust vectoring Thrust vectoring, also thrust vector control or TVC, is the ability of an aircraft, rocket, or other vehicle to manipulate the direction of the thrust from its engine(s) or motor(s) in order to control the attitude or angular velocity of the vehicle. In rocketry and ballistic missiles that fly outside the atmosphere, aerodynamic control surfaces are ineffective, so thrust vectoring is the primary means of attitude control. For aircraft, the method was originally envisaged to provide upward vertical thrust as a means to give aircraft vertical (VTOL) or short (STOL) takeoff and landing ability. Subsequently, it was realized", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 16 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17567229", "chunk_text": "\"Thrust vectoring\"\nof fast water-jet steering that provide super-agility. Examples are the fast patrol boat Dvora Mk-III, the Hamina class missile boat and the US Navy's Littoral combat ships. Thrust vectoring can convey two main benefits: VTOL/STOL, and higher maneuverability. Aircraft are usually optimized to maximally exploit one benefit, though will gain in the other. 8. Wilson, Erich A., \"\"An Introduction to Thrust-Vectored Aircraft Nozzles\"\", Thrust vectoring Thrust vectoring, also thrust vector control or TVC, is the ability of an aircraft, rocket, or other vehicle to manipulate the direction of the thrust from its engine(s) or motor(s) in order to control the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 17 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2719611", "chunk_text": "\"Pulsed plasma thruster\"\nrange of 2–4.5 km/s. Due to this lower thermal velocity, chemical propulsion units become exponentially less effective at higher vehicle velocities, necessitating the use of electric spacecraft propulsion such as PPTs. It is therefore advantageous to use an electric propulsion system such as a PPT to generate high interplanetary speeds in the range 20–70 km/s. NASA's research PPT (flown in 2000) achieved an exhaust velocity of 13,700 m/s, generated a thrust of 860 µN, and consumed 70W of electrical power. PPTs are very robust due to their inherently simple design (relative to other electric spacecraft propulsion techniques). As an electric", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 18 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1054516", "chunk_text": "\"Aircraft engine\"\nhigh thrust-to-weight ratio, while high-bypass engines are preferred for civil use for good fuel efficiency and low noise. High-bypass turbofans are usually most efficient when the aircraft is traveling at 500 to 550 miles per hour (800 to 885 km/h), the cruise speed of most large airliners. Low-bypass turbofans can reach supersonic speeds, though normally only when fitted with afterburners. Pulse jets are mechanically simple devices that—in a repeating cycle—draw air through a no-return valve at the front of the engine into a combustion chamber and ignited it. The combustion forces the exhaust gases out the back of the engine.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 19 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18396813", "chunk_text": "ThrustSSC\nMW which means the vehicle was operating at around 12% efficiency at its record speed, efficiency being the useful working power (76 MW) divided by the thermal power (630 MW). The record run in October 1997 was preceded by extensive test runs of the vehicle in autumn 1996 and spring 1997 in the Al-Jafr desert (located in Ma'an Governorate) in Jordan, a location unknown before for its capabilities as a test range for high speed land vehicles, with numerous advantages compared to the salt deserts of the Western United States. After the record was set, the World Motor Sport Council", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 20 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2852183", "chunk_text": "\"Star (rocket stage)\"\nit built 6 additional flight models. In addition to use on Delta family rockets, Burner 2/Star 37 stages have been used on both Atlas and Titan rockets. Solid propellant rocket stage. Loaded/empty mass 774/116 kg. Thrust 43.55 kN. Vacuum specific impulse 285 seconds. Thiokol solid rocket engine. 43.5 kN. Total impulse 161,512 kgf s. Motor propellant mass fraction 0.899. Isp=260s. First flight 1963. Thrust (sl): 33.600 kN (7,554 lbf). Thrust (sl): 3,428 kgf. Gross mass: 621 kg (1,369 lb). Unfuelled mass: 63 kg (138 lb). Height: 0.84 m (2.75 ft). Diameter: 0.66 m (2.16 ft). Thrust: 43.50 kN (9,779 lbf).", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 21 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19233741", "chunk_text": "\"SSC North America\"\nis complete 2018 - SSC North America announces release of 2019 SSC Tuatara at Pebble Beach Concours d'Elegance. The first prototype SSC Ultimate Aero was completed in 2004. The two original prototypes were equipped with a supercharged 377.6 cu in (6,188 cc) Chevrolet Corvette C5R V8 engine. The supercharged engines originally produced 782 horsepower but were eventually modified to produce up to 908 horsepower with theoretical top speeds of up to 242 mph (390 km/h). Following the original two prototypes, SSC replaced the supercharged engine with a new twin-turbo V8 that eventually produced 1,287 horsepower. The twin-turbo setup can be", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 22 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10780840", "chunk_text": "\"SSC Aero\"\nFerrari. Carbon fiber and titanium are used throughout the car, helping to limit the weight to for the standard Aero. The SSC Ultimate Aero was the final version of the prototype, introduced in 2006. It had an increased engine displacement of and increased boost of . The Ultimate Aero TT was a twin-turbocharged version of the Ultimate Aero. The 6-speed transmission is readjusted to increase the theoretical top speed to at 7200 rpm. Wheels on the base model are sized at the front and at the rear, while the Ultimate Aero TT has wheels an inch larger at each end.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 23 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5228890", "chunk_text": "ThrustSSC\nwhich Thrust SSC runs were controlled, and can ride a motion simulator depicting a computer-generated animation of the record-breaking run from the perspective of Green. Several teams are competing to break the record, including Richard Noble's Bloodhound SSC project and the North American Eagle Project. In June 2012, a television advertisement for the Orange \"\"San Diego\"\" mobile phone, containing an Intel processor, was broadcast on British television and featured a fast car in computer generated imagery. Richard Noble claimed that the car was a representation of Thrust SSC and thus these companies had used his intellectual property without permission, putting", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 24 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17888714", "chunk_text": "\"Jet engine performance\"\nperformance (e.g. compressor efficiency). When plotted, the resultant curve is known as a thrust/SFC loop. A family of these curves can be generated at Sea Level, Standard Day, conditions over a range of flight speeds. A Husk Plot (RHS) can be developed using this family of curves. The net thrust scale is simply relabeled formula_150, where formula_151 is relative ambient pressure, whilst the SFC scale is relabeled formula_152, where formula_153 is relative ambient temperature. The resulting plot can be used to estimate engine net thrust and SFC at any altitude, flight speed and climate for a range of throttle setting.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 25 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12181480", "chunk_text": "\"Thrust-specific fuel consumption\"\nThrust-specific fuel consumption Thrust-specific fuel consumption (TSFC) is the fuel efficiency of an engine design with respect to thrust output. TSFC may also be thought of as fuel consumption (grams/second) per unit of thrust (kilonewtons, or kN). It is thus thrust-specific, meaning that the fuel consumption is divided by the thrust. TSFC or SFC for thrust engines (e.g. turbojets, turbofans, ramjets, rocket engines, etc.) is the mass of fuel needed to provide the net thrust for a given period e.g. lb/(h·lbf) (pounds of fuel per hour-pound of thrust) or g/(s·kN) (grams of fuel per second-kilonewton). Mass of fuel is used,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 26 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17482793", "chunk_text": "\"Model rocket motor classification\"\nModel rocket motor classification Motors for rockets and high-powered rockets (together, consumer rockets) are classified by total impulse into a set of letter-designated ranges, from ⅛A up to O. The total impulse is the integral of the thrust over burn time. Where formula_2 is the burn time in seconds, formula_3 is the instantaneous thrust in newtons, formula_4 is average thrust in newtons, and formula_5 is the total impulse in newton seconds. Class A is from 1.26 newton-seconds (4.448 N per Lb.) to 2.5 N·s, and each class is then double the total impulse of the preceding class, with Class B", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 27 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17537789", "chunk_text": "\"Richard Noble\"\nOnly around 40 ARVs were made before the Isle of Wight factory closed. Thrust2, the record-breaking car driven by Noble, travelled at 633.468 mph (1019 km/h) in the Black Rock Desert in Nevada, US. The accomplishment won Noble the 1983 Segrave Trophy. ThrustSSC, the supersonic car driven by Andy Green, broke the record at 763.035 mph (1221 km/h) or Mach 1.02. Noble is planning another land speed record attempt to take place in 2019: Bloodhound SSC aims to surpass 1,000 mph. Noble's next project was to develop the \"\"Farnborough F1\"\", a six-passenger single-engined turboprop low-wing aircraft designed as an \"\"Air", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 28 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5245459", "chunk_text": "Thrust2\nrace track except on the perpendicular lest the driver accidentally follow those car tracks as a different path through the measured mile. In 1997 Thrust2's record was broken by Richard Noble's follow up car, ThrustSSC, with a top speed of 1,228 km/h. When the car was offered for sale at £90,000 in 1991, an extensive fundraising campaign was organised without government assistance to keep the car in Britain. The bid was successful, and today Thrust2 and its successor, ThrustSSC, are displayed at the Coventry Transport Museum in Coventry, England. Thrust2 Thrust2 is a British designed and built jet propelled car,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 29 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14629886", "chunk_text": "SuperDraco\nSuperDraco thruster capabilities. SuperDraco is designed to be highly throttleable, from 100 to 20% of full thrust. This is used for precision controllable propulsive landings of the Dragon V2 spacecraft. The SuperDraco engine development program had an extensive test program that spanned several years., the SuperDraco ground-test engines had been fired a total of 58 times for a total firing-time duration of 117 seconds and SpaceX expressed hope that the test results would exceed the original requirements for the engine. A second version of the engine was developed in 2013, this one manufactured with 3D printing rather than the traditional", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 30 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19233738", "chunk_text": "\"SSC North America\"\npress release as rechargeable in 10 minutes from a 240 V outlet, which has been criticized as impossible in some articles. The press release has since changed. August 23, 2010 - A USA Today article details the rivalry between Shelby and Bugatti for the title of World's fastest Car and CEO Jerod Shelby announces a next generation version of the SSC Ultimate Aero is in the works July 17, 2011 - SSC announces their next generation sports car has been named Tuatara (pronounced twa-tar‐ah). It uses a proprietary 6.9 liter V8 engine and is said to produce a rated output", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 31 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9974566", "chunk_text": "\"NEXT (ion thruster)\"\nis a type of solar electric propulsion in which thruster systems use the electricity generated by the spacecraft's solar panel to accelerate the xenon propellant to speeds of up to 90,000 mph (145,000 km/h or 40 km/s). NEXT can produce 6.9 kW thrust power and 236 mN thrust. It can be throttled down to 0.5 kW power, and has a specific impulse of 4190 seconds (compared to 3120 for NSTAR). The NEXT thruster has demonstrated a total impulse of 17 MN·s; which is the highest total impulse ever demonstrated by an ion thruster. A beam extraction area 1.6 times that", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 32 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16693306", "chunk_text": "\"Black powder rocket motor\"\nhave a maximum thrust between 9.5 and 9.75 N, a total impulse between 2.1 and 2.3 Ns, and a burn time between .5 and .75 seconds. The B class 18 mm motors have a maximum thrust between 12.15 and 12.75 N, a total impulse between 4.2 and 4.35 Ns, and a burn time between .85 and 1 second. The C class 18mm motors have a maximum thrust from 14 – 14.15 N, a total impulse between 8.8 and 9 Ns, and a burn time between 1.85 and 2 seconds. There are also 3 classes included in Estes large (24 mm", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 33 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5228881", "chunk_text": "ThrustSSC\nnew Biffa Award Land Speed Record Gallery which opened in 2015. The car is 16.5 metres long and 3.7 metres wide and weighs nearly 10 tons. It had a total thrust of 223 kN (approximately 50,000 pounds force), equivalent to around 102,000 brake horsepower at the measured record speed (calculated using Power = Force x Velocity). The car was driven by Royal Air Force fighter pilot Wing Commander Andy Green in the Black Rock Desert in the state of Nevada. It was powered by two afterburning Rolls-Royce Spey turbofan engines, as used in the British version of the F-4 Phantom", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 34 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17918973", "chunk_text": "\"Bloodhound SSC\"\ncar's principal structure had been built, as well as the track it was intended to run on. The Bloodhound Project had an education component designed to inspire future generations to take up careers in science, technology, engineering and mathematics (STEM) by showcasing these subjects and interacting with young people and students. The offices of Bloodhound Company were moved to UTC Oxfordshire in Didcot in 2016 to improve this link with education. Bloodhound SSC Bloodhound SSC is a British supersonic land vehicle. Its goal is to match or exceed , achieving a new world land speed record. The pencil-shaped car, powered", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 35 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10780842", "chunk_text": "\"SSC Aero\"\nfor the fastest production car, after it was officially timed at in Washington. For 2008, the Ultimate Aero received four updates: In 2009, SSC updated the Ultimate Aero TT, with the new version having an increase in power of 15% over the older model. SSC predicts a top speed of over is possible. In order to prevent the engine from overheating, airflow to the engine has been increased 20% with new carbon fiber louvers. The nose has been redesigned to make the car more aerodynamic, and the interior has been redesigned. The new Aero also has a new AeroBrake system,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 36 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17567228", "chunk_text": "\"Thrust vectoring\"\neffect, greatly enhancing the turning capability of the aircraft. A few computerized studies add thrust vectoring to extant passenger airliners, like the Boeing 727 and 747, to prevent catastrophic failures, while the experimental X-48C may be jet-steered in the future. Examples of rockets and missiles which use thrust vectoring include both large systems such as the Space Shuttle Solid Rocket Booster (SRB), S-300P (SA-10) surface-to-air missile, UGM-27 Polaris nuclear ballistic missile and RT-23 (SS-24) ballistic missile and smaller battlefield weapons such as Swingfire. The principles of air thrust vectoring have been recently adapted to military sea applications in the form", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 37 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10886576", "chunk_text": "\"Supersonic speed\"\nSupersonic speed Supersonic travel is a rate of travel of an object that exceeds the speed of sound (Mach 1). For objects traveling in dry air of a temperature of 20 °C (68 °F) at sea level, this speed is approximately 344 m/s, 1,125 ft/s, 768 mph, 667 knots, or 1,235 km/h. Speeds greater than five times the speed of sound (Mach 5) are often referred to as hypersonic. Flights during which only some parts of the air surrounding an object, such as the ends of rotor blades, reach supersonic speeds are called transonic. This occurs typically somewhere between Mach", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 38 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12416772", "chunk_text": "\"Next Generation Supersonic Transport\"\nNext Generation Supersonic Transport The Next Generation Supersonic Transport is a supersonic transport (SST) being developed by the Japanese Space Agency JAXA. By comparison to the Aérospatiale-BAC SST Concorde, the new design will carry three times the passengers (300), fly at roughly the same speed (Mach 2) , and have twice the range. The goal is to achieve a ticket price comparable to that of subsonic business class. JAXA had expected to launch the plane by 2015. An 11.5-meter prototype was tested on October 10, 2005. One of the most crucial factors in the commercial viability of a supersonic transport", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 39 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4720674", "chunk_text": "\"Jet engine\"\nengines they power fireworks, model rocketry, spaceflight, and military missiles. Jet engines have propelled high speed cars, particularly drag racers, with the all-time record held by a rocket car. A turbofan powered car, ThrustSSC, currently holds the land speed record. Jet engine designs are frequently modified for non-aircraft applications, as industrial gas turbines or marine powerplants. These are used in electrical power generation, for powering water, natural gas, or oil pumps, and providing propulsion for ships and locomotives. Industrial gas turbines can create up to 50,000 shaft horsepower. Many of these engines are derived from older military turbojets such as", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 40 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9274460", "chunk_text": "\"Thrust curve\"\nThrust curve A thrust curve, sometimes known as a \"\"performance curve\"\" or \"\"thrust profile\"\" is a graph of the thrust of an engine or motor, (usually a rocket) with respect to time. Most engines do not produce linear thrust (thrust which increases at a constant rate with time). Instead, they produce a curve of some type, where thrust will slowly rise to a peak, and then fall, or \"\"tail off\"\". This information is vital when designing spacecraft, particularly multistage spacecraft, since it may be advantageous to separate the engine and its associated fuel tanks and machinery before the fuel has", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 41 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13602283", "chunk_text": "SS.11\nmissile body burns for 20 seconds. Unlike the earlier SS.10, which steered similarly to an airplane with small flight controls called \"\"spoilers\"\" located on the missiles wings, the SS.11 is steered in flight by a unique system developed by NORD for France's first air-to-air missile, the AA.20, called TVC (thrust vectoring control) in which four small vanes are located around the sustainer's exhaust, which under command momentarily push into the sustainer's thrust causing the missile to move in the direction commanded. Since the missile spins slowly in flight by having the four swept wings slightly offset, a gyroscope is needed", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 42 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4033083", "chunk_text": "Supercruise\nmaximum of Mach 0.95. Beamont, who had not noticed any change in behaviour of the aircraft, was surprised when informed after the flight data had been analysed. However, this early demonstration of supercruise was extremely limited, as the Lightning could only cruise without reheat at approximately Mach 1.02, while later versions were able to achieve much higher speeds. The British Aircraft Corporation Tactical Strike/Reconnaissance 2 (TSR-2), which first flew on 27 September 1964, was one of the first military aircraft specifically designed to cruise supersonically; one of the planned mission profiles was for a supersonic cruise at Mach 2.00 at", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 43 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3086393", "chunk_text": "\"Space Shuttle Solid Rocket Booster\"\nby the onboard computers at T minus 6.6 seconds (staggered start engine three, engine two, engine one all approximately within 0.25 of a second), and the sequence monitors the thrust buildup of each engine. All three SSMEs must reach the required 90% thrust within three seconds; otherwise, an orderly shutdown is commanded and safing functions are initiated. Normal thrust buildup to the required 90% thrust level will result in the SSMEs being commanded to the lift off position at T minus three seconds as well as the fire 1 command being issued to arm the SRBs. At T minus three", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 44 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6809375", "chunk_text": "Thrust\nthan the weight. Each of the three Space Shuttle Main Engines could produce a thrust of 1.8 MN, and each of the Space Shuttle's two Solid Rocket Boosters 14.7 MN, together 29.4 MN. By contrast, the simplified Aid For EVA Rescue (SAFER) has 24 thrusters of 3.56 N each. In the air-breathing category, the AMT-USA AT-180 jet engine developed for radio-controlled aircraft produce 90 N (20 lbf) of thrust. The GE90-115B engine fitted on the Boeing 777-300ER, recognized by the Guinness Book of World Records as the \"\"World's Most Powerful Commercial Jet Engine,\"\" has a thrust of 569 kN (127,900", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 45 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10697583", "chunk_text": "\"Specific impulse\"\nof thrust is inversely proportional to the amount of air propelled rearwards, thus increasing the mass of air (as with a turbofan) both improves energy efficiency as well as formula_4. An example of a specific impulse measured in time is 453 seconds, which is equivalent to an effective exhaust velocity of 4,440 m/s, for the Space Shuttle Main Engines when operating in a vacuum. An air-breathing jet engine typically has a much larger specific impulse than a rocket; for example a turbofan jet engine may have a specific impulse of 6,000 seconds or more at sea level whereas a rocket", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 46 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4374765", "chunk_text": "\"Jet engine performance\"\nSelecting a point on the plot, net thrust is calculated as follows: formula_154 Clearly, net thrust falls with altitude, because of the decrease in ambient pressure. The corresponding SFC is calculated as follows: formula_155 At a given point on the Husk Plot, SFC falls with decreasing ambient temperature (e.g. increasing altitude or colder climate).The basic reason why SFC increases with flight speed is the implied increase in ram drag. Although a Husk Plot is a concise way of summarizing the performance of a jet engine, the predictions obtained at altitude will be slightly optimistic. For instance, because ambient temperature remains", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 47 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10780845", "chunk_text": "\"SSC Aero\"\n93 in Nevada was closed on March 21, 2007 to allow SSC to test the Ultimate Aero TT, but the attempt was called off due to bad weather, and an effort the following day failed due to sub-optimal conditions, with test driver Rick Doria reporting wheel-spin at speeds above . Six months later SSC announced they had established a new production car speed record of in West Richland, WA on September 13, 2007. In accordance with FIA Speed Records rules it was an average of two runs in opposite directions, and . The results were verified by the \"\"Guinness World", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 48 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19216007", "chunk_text": "\"Next Generation Supersonic Transport\"\ncommercial aircraft cost competitive with current aircraft. Next Generation Supersonic Transport The Next Generation Supersonic Transport is a supersonic transport (SST) being developed by the Japanese Space Agency JAXA. By comparison to the Aérospatiale-BAC SST Concorde, the new design will carry three times the passengers (300), fly at roughly the same speed (Mach 2) , and have twice the range. The goal is to achieve a ticket price comparable to that of subsonic business class. JAXA had expected to launch the plane by 2015. An 11.5-meter prototype was tested on October 10, 2005. One of the most crucial factors in", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 49 } ]
test_3451	who was president when the panama canal was built?	n/a	[ "Theodore Roosevelt", "President Theodore Roosevelt" ]	[]	n/a	n/a	n/a	[]	[ { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15694790", "chunk_text": "\"History of the Panama Canal\"\nthe three presidents whose terms spanned the construction period, Theodore Roosevelt is most associated with the canal and Woodrow Wilson presided over its opening. However, William Howard Taft may have given the canal its greatest impetus for the longest time. Taft visited Panama five times as Roosevelt's secretary of war and twice as president. He hired John Stevens and later recommended Goethals as Stevens' replacement. Taft became president in 1909, when the canal was half finished, and was in office for most of the remainder of the work. However, Goethals later wrote: \"\"The real builder of the Panama Canal was", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 0 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12698755", "chunk_text": "\"Panama Canal\"\nnew nation. On November 6, 1903, Philippe Bunau-Varilla, as Panama's ambassador to the United States, signed the Hay–Bunau-Varilla Treaty, granting rights to the United States to build and indefinitely administer the Panama Canal Zone and its defenses. This is sometimes misinterpreted as the \"\"99-year lease\"\" because of misleading wording included in article 22 of the agreement. Almost immediately, the treaty was condemned by many Panamanians as an infringement on their country's new national sovereignty. This would later become a contentious diplomatic issue among Colombia, Panama, and the United States. President Roosevelt famously stated, \"\"I took the Isthmus, started the canal", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 1 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5449688", "chunk_text": "\"Panama Canal Zone\"\nassets, the Canal Zone was formally turned over by Panama on May 4, 1904, when American officials reopened the Panama City offices of the canal company and raised the American flag. This marked the beginning point for U.S. excavation and construction which concluded in August 1914 with the opening of the canal to commercial traffic. By order of President Theodore Roosevelt under the Panama Canal Acts of 1902 and 1904 the Secretary of War was made supervisor of canal construction and the second Isthmian Canal Commission made the governing body for the Canal Zone. Under the Panama Canal Act of", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 2 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12698769", "chunk_text": "\"Panama Canal\"\nAtlantic in stages during construction, finally reaching the Pacific on January 7, 1914. (a cargo and passenger ship built by Maryland Steel, and launched in 1902 as SS \"\"Tremont\"\") on August 3, 1914 was the first ship to transit the canal from ocean to ocean. The construction of the canal was completed in 1914, 401 years after Panama was first crossed by Vasco Núñez de Balboa. The United States spent almost $500,000,000 (roughly equivalent to $9,169,650,000 now) to finish the project. This was by far the largest American engineering project to date. The canal was formally opened on August 15,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 3 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12698759", "chunk_text": "\"Panama Canal\"\nWar William Howard Taft and was directed to avoid the inefficiency and corruption that had plagued the French 15 years earlier. On May 6, 1904, President Theodore Roosevelt appointed John Findley Wallace, formerly chief engineer and finally general manager of the Illinois Central Railroad, as chief engineer of the Panama Canal Project. Overwhelmed by the disease-plagued country and forced to use often dilapidated French infrastructure and equipment, as well as being frustrated by the overly bureaucratic ICC, Wallace resigned abruptly in June 1905. He was succeeded by John Frank Stevens, a self-educated engineer who had built the Great Northern Railroad.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 4 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10616800", "chunk_text": "\"Philippe Bunau-Varilla\"\nPhilippe Bunau-Varilla Philippe-Jean Bunau-Varilla () (1859–1940), commonly referred to as simply Philippe Bunau-Varilla and Monsignor Brun Varilla, was a French engineer and soldier. With the assistance of American lobbyist and lawyer William Nelson Cromwell, Bunau-Varilla greatly influenced the United States' decision concerning the construction site for the famed Panama Canal. He also worked closely with United States president Theodore Roosevelt in the latter's orchestration of the Panamanian Revolution. Bunau-Varilla was born on July 26, 1859, in Paris, France. After graduating at age 20 from the École Polytechnique, he remained in France for three years. In 1882 he abandoned his career", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 5 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7746180", "chunk_text": "\"Philippe Bunau-Varilla\"\nNew Panama Canal Company soon abandoned efforts to build the canal. It sold the land in Panama to the United States, in hopes that the company would not fail entirely. U.S. President Grover Cleveland, an anti-imperialist, avoided the canal issue. When the more supportive Theodore Roosevelt became president (succeeding William McKinley), canal planning resumed in the United States. Bunau-Varilla vociferously promoted construction of the canal. With aid from the New Panama Canal Company's New York attorney, William Nelson Cromwell, he persuaded the government to select Panama as the canal site, as opposed to the popular alternative, Nicaragua. When opponents voiced", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 6 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15694774", "chunk_text": "\"History of the Panama Canal\"\nfavor of a sea-level canal, Stevens and the ICC opposed the plan; Stevens' report to Roosevelt was instrumental in convincing the president of the merits of a lock canal and Congress concurred. In November 1906 Roosevelt visited Panama to inspect the canal's progress, the first trip outside the United States by a sitting president. Whether contract employees or government workers would build the canal was controversial. Bids for the canal's construction were opened in January 1907, and Knoxville, Tennessee-based contractor William J. Oliver was the low bidder. Stevens disliked Oliver, and vehemently opposed his choice. Although Roosevelt initially favored the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 7 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20618031", "chunk_text": "\"George Washington Goethals\"\nresigned from his position. In February 1907 US President Theodore Roosevelt appointed Colonel George Washington Goethals chief engineer of the Panama Canal. The building of the Canal was completed in 1914, two years ahead of the target date of June 10, 1916. Colonel Goethals received unstinted praise from visiting engineers and from the technical press of the world. In 1913 the degree of LL.D. was conferred on him by the University of Pennsylvania, and in the spring of 1914 he was awarded medals by the National Geographic Society, the Civic Forum (New York), and the National Institute of Social Sciences.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 8 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16256918", "chunk_text": "\"Panama Canal Department\"\nPanama Canal Department The Panama Canal Department was a department (geographical command) of the United States Army, responsible for the defense of the Panama Canal Zone between 1917 and 1947. The Isthmian Canal Commission and the Panama Canal Guard of 1904–1914 both played a pivotal role in the construction and early defense of the Canal. With the active support and encouragement of the United States, Panama declared its independence from Colombia on 3 Nov. 1903 and that same month, the United States received the right to build and administer the Panama Canal. On 8 Mar. 1904, President Theodore Roosevelt appointed", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 9 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12698768", "chunk_text": "\"Panama Canal\"\nEngineers, was assigned one of the most difficult parts: excavating the Culebra Cut through the continental divide to connect Gatun Lake to the Pacific Panama Canal locks. On October 10, 1913, President Woodrow Wilson sent a signal from the White House by telegraph which triggered the explosion that destroyed the Gamboa Dike. This flooded the Culebra Cut, thereby joining the Atlantic and Pacific oceans via the Panama Canal. (a floating crane built by Lobnitz & Company and launched in 1887) was the first self-propelled vessel to transit the canal from ocean to ocean. This vessel crossed the canal from the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 10 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5520451", "chunk_text": "\"History of Panama\"\nin Panama was a major issue in Panamanian politics throughout the following decades and revisions to the Hay—Bunau-Varilla Treaty in 1936 (Arias-Roosevelt/Hull-Alfaro Treaty) and 1955 (Remon-Eisenhower Treaty) both failed to adequately address the situation. The controversy would continue until the US agreed to hand over the Canal Zone wholly to Panama in the 1977 Torrijos-Carter Treaties. The Panama Canal was built by the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers between 1904 and 1914; the existing 83-kilometer (50-mi.) lock canal is considered one of the world's great engineering triumphs. On January 5, 1909 the government of Rafael Reyes in Colombia signed and", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 11 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12698773", "chunk_text": "\"Panama Canal\"\nTorrijos–Carter Treaties. On September 7, 1977, the treaty was signed by President of the United States Jimmy Carter and Omar Torrijos, \"\"de facto\"\" leader of Panama. This mobilized the process of granting the Panamanians free control of the canal so long as Panama signed a treaty guaranteeing the permanent neutrality of the canal. The treaty led to full Panamanian control effective at noon on December 31, 1999, and the Panama Canal Authority (ACP) assumed command of the waterway. The Panama Canal remains one of the chief revenue sources for Panama. Before this handover, the government of Panama held an international", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 12 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12698766", "chunk_text": "\"Panama Canal\"\nbe constructed above Gatun Lake's waterline. In 1907, Stevens resigned as chief engineer. His replacement, appointed by President Theodore Roosevelt, was US Army Major George Washington Goethals of the US Army Corps of Engineers. Soon to be promoted to lieutenant colonel and later to general, he was a strong, West Point–trained leader and civil engineer with experience of canals (unlike Stevens). Goethals directed the work in Panama to a successful conclusion in 1914, two years ahead of the target date of June 10, 1916. Goethals divided the engineering and excavation work into three divisions: Atlantic, Central, and Pacific. The Atlantic", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 13 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1657141", "chunk_text": "\"History of the Panama Canal\"\nUnited States. On September 7, 1977, US President Jimmy Carter signed the Torrijos-Carter Treaty setting in motion the process of transferring control of the canal to Panama. The treaty became effective on October 1, 1979, providing for a 20-year period in which Panama would have increasing responsibility for canal operations before complete US withdrawal on December 31, 1999. Since then, the canal has been administered by the Panama Canal Authority (Autoridad de Canal de Panama, or ACP). The treaty was controversial in the US, and its passage was difficult. The controversy was largely generated by contracts to manage two ports,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 14 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1906625", "chunk_text": "\"Federico Boyd\"\npresented a petition to obtain a delay on the negotiations with the French Government to build a Panama Canal. Later on, his intervention made possible a negotiation with the U.S. Government for the construction of an interoceanic canal through the Isthmus of Panama. Boyd died in New York City on May 25, 1924. He is remembered as one of the founding fathers of Panama. Federico Boyd Federico Augusto Boyd López (24 September 1851 – 25 May 1924) was acting President of Panama from October 1, 1910 to October 5, 1910. He belonged to the Liberal Party. Boyd was born in", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 15 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14997693", "chunk_text": "\"Presidency of William Howard Taft\"\npercent) to Bryan's 6,412,294 (43.1 percent); Socialist Party candidate Eugene V. Debs won 420,793 votes (2.8 percent). Nellie Taft said regarding the campaign, \"\"There was nothing to criticize, except his not knowing or caring about the way the game of politics is played.\"\" Longtime White House usher Ike Hoover recalled that Taft came often to see Roosevelt during the campaign, but seldom between the election and Inauguration Day, March 4, 1909. While president-elect Taft travelled to Panama (January 29 – February 7, 1909), where he inspected construction of Panama Canal and met with President José Domingo de Obaldía. Taft was", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 16 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5449689", "chunk_text": "\"Panama Canal Zone\"\nMay 24, 1912 President Woodrow Wilson issued Executive Order 1885, January 27, 1914, effective April 1, 1914 abolishing the previous governance placing it under the direction of the Secretary of War with the entity designated as The Panama Canal. The Governor of the Panama Canal was charged with \"\"completion, maintenance, operation, government and sanitation of the Panama Canal and its adjuncts and the government of the Canal Zone\"\" in the Executive Order. A number of departments were specified in the order with others to be established as needed by the Governor of the Panama Canal with approval of the President", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 17 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5449683", "chunk_text": "\"Panama Canal Zone\"\nthe Pacific had been forced to round Cape Horn. Influential naval pundits, such as Captain Alfred Thayer Mahan, urged the construction of a Central American canal. In 1902, with the French efforts moribund, US President Theodore Roosevelt backed the Panama route, and Congress passed legislation authorizing him to purchase the French assets on the condition that an agreement was reached with Colombia. In March 1902 Colombia set its terms for such a treaty: Colombia was to be sovereign over the canal, which would be policed by Colombians paid for by the United States. The host nation would receive a larger", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 18 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19501212", "chunk_text": "\"Isthmian Canal Commission\"\nthe canal project moving forward. Isthmian Canal Commission The Isthmian Canal Commission (often known as the ICC) was an American administration commission set up to oversee the construction of the Panama Canal in the early years of American involvement. Established the February 26, 1904, it was given control of the Panama Canal Zone over which the United States exercised sovereignty. The commission reported directly to Secretary of War William Taft. It was initially composed of seven members, appointed by President Theodore Roosevelt, directed to avoid the inefficiency and corruption that had plagued the French 15 years earlier. On May 6,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 19 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1657129", "chunk_text": "\"History of the Panama Canal\"\nAtlantic-entrance tug used to haul barges, traversed the Gatun locks on September 26, 1913. The trip was successful, although the valves were controlled manually; the central control board was not yet ready. On October 10, 1913, the dike at Gamboa which had kept the Culebra Cut isolated from Gatun Lake was demolished; the detonation was made telegraphically by President Woodrow Wilson in Washington. On January 7, 1914, the \"\"Alexandre La Valley\"\", an old French crane boat, became the first ship to make a complete transit of the Panama Canal under its own steam after working its way across during the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 20 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20563298", "chunk_text": "\"John Findley Wallace\"\nJohn Findley Wallace John Findley Wallace (September 10, 1852 – July 3, 1921) with the middle name Findley not Findlay, was an American Engineer and Administrator, best known for serving as the Chief Engineer of the Panama Canal between 1904 and 1906. He had previously gained experience in railroad construction in the American Midwest. John Findley Wallace was born, September 10, 1852, in Fall River, Mass., the oldest son of the Rev. Dr. David A. and Martha J. (Findley) Wallace. His father, Rev. Dr. David A. Wallace, D.D., LL.D., was the first president of The Monmouth College, Monmouth, Illinois. John", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 21 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7931653", "chunk_text": "\"Presidency of Theodore Roosevelt\"\nof the Panama Canal and an area generally extending on each side of the centerline, excluding Panama City and Colón, which otherwise would have been partly within the limits of the zone) to the United States for $10 million and a steadily increasing yearly sum. In February 1904, Roosevelt won Senate ratification of the treaty in a 66-to-14 vote. The Isthmian Canal Commission, supervised by Secretary of War Taft, was established to govern the zone and oversee the construction of the canal. Roosevelt appointed George Whitefield Davis as the first governor of the Panama Canal Zone and John Findley Wallace", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 22 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4190334", "chunk_text": "\"Hay–Bunau-Varilla Treaty\"\nHay–Bunau-Varilla Treaty The Hay–Bunau-Varilla Treaty () was a treaty signed on November 18, 1903, by the United States and Panama, which established the Panama Canal Zone and the subsequent construction of the Panama Canal. It was named after its two primary negotiators, Philippe-Jean Bunau-Varilla, the French diplomatic representative of Panama, and United States Secretary of State John Hay. Bunau-Varilla was originally involved in the building of the Panama Canal under Ferdinand de Lesseps, who had built the Suez Canal. After the collapse of the de Lesseps efforts to build the Panama Canal, Bunau-Varilla became an important shareholder of the \"\"Compagnie", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 23 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19501205", "chunk_text": "\"Isthmian Canal Commission\"\nIsthmian Canal Commission The Isthmian Canal Commission (often known as the ICC) was an American administration commission set up to oversee the construction of the Panama Canal in the early years of American involvement. Established the February 26, 1904, it was given control of the Panama Canal Zone over which the United States exercised sovereignty. The commission reported directly to Secretary of War William Taft. It was initially composed of seven members, appointed by President Theodore Roosevelt, directed to avoid the inefficiency and corruption that had plagued the French 15 years earlier. On May 6, 1904, President Theodore Roosevelt appointed", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 24 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20618022", "chunk_text": "\"George Washington Goethals\"\nGeorge Washington Goethals George Washington Goethals ( June 29, 1858 – January 21, 1928) was a United States Army General and civil engineer, best known for his administration and supervision of the construction and the opening of the Panama Canal. He was the and the Acting Quartermaster General of the United States Army. Goethals was born in Brooklyn, New York to Flemish immigrants from Stekene, Belgium, Johannes Baptista (John Louis) Goethals, a carpenter, and wife Marie Le Barron. Aged 14, he entered the College of the City of New York. In April 1876, after three years of college, he won", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 25 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17889404", "chunk_text": "\"Panama Canal fence\"\ncontrol of the canal, ports, water supply, etcetera, and to submit the Canal Zone to Panamanian governance. By 1963, President Eisenhower had compromised by giving land to Panama, raising the annual tolls paid to Panama up to more that 2 million dollars annually, and with a plan to allow the flag of Panama to be flown beside the Stars and Stripes outside public buildings. This measure had not been fully enacted, when President Kennedy was assassinated. In Panama, there were demonstrations by Panamanian, often involving the desecration of United States flags. On January 9, 1964, after a failed attempt to", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 26 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12698753", "chunk_text": "\"Panama Canal\"\nof the Spooner Act, to pursue the Panamanian option, provided the necessary rights could be obtained. On January 22, 1903, the Hay–Herrán Treaty was signed by United States Secretary of State John M. Hay and Colombian Chargé Dr. Tomás Herrán. For $10 million and an annual payment, it would have granted the United States a renewable lease in perpetuity from Colombia on the land proposed for the canal. The treaty was ratified by the US Senate on March 14, 1903, but the Senate of Colombia did not ratify it. Bunau-Varilla told President Theodore Roosevelt and Hay of a possible revolt", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 27 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19501280", "chunk_text": "\"John Findley Wallace\"\nFindley Wallace attended Monmouth College in Illinois with the class of 1872. He received his degree of C.E. from the University of Wooster, 1882, and Sc.D. from Armour Institute, 1904. On May 6, 1904, President Theodore Roosevelt appointed Wallace as chief engineer of the Panama Canal. As with the French effort to build the canal before him, malaria, other tropical diseases and especially yellow fever plagued the country and further reduced the already depleted workforce. Despite his requests to the contrary, the project was forced to use dilapidated and undersized infrastructure and equipment that had been purchased from the French", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 28 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7931652", "chunk_text": "\"Presidency of Theodore Roosevelt\"\nregarding construction of the canal. According to Roosevelt biographer Edmund Morris, most other Latin American nations welcomed the prospect of the new canal in hopes of increased economic activity, but anti-imperialists in the U.S. raged against Roosevelt's aid to the Panamanian separatists. Secretary of State Hay and French diplomat Philippe-Jean Bunau-Varilla, who represented the Panamanian government, quickly negotiated the Hay–Bunau-Varilla Treaty. Signed on November 18, 1903, it established the Panama Canal Zone—over which the United States would exercise sovereignty—and insured the construction of an Atlantic to Pacific ship canal across the Isthmus of Panama. Panama sold the Canal Zone (consisting", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 29 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10616808", "chunk_text": "\"Philippe Bunau-Varilla\"\nto 1889, where he ran his own company, ARTIGUE & SONDEREGGER, together with his brother Maurice, who later became the rich owner of \"\"Le Matin\"\", a major Parisian newspaper. Philippe Bunau-Varilla Philippe-Jean Bunau-Varilla () (1859–1940), commonly referred to as simply Philippe Bunau-Varilla and Monsignor Brun Varilla, was a French engineer and soldier. With the assistance of American lobbyist and lawyer William Nelson Cromwell, Bunau-Varilla greatly influenced the United States' decision concerning the construction site for the famed Panama Canal. He also worked closely with United States president Theodore Roosevelt in the latter's orchestration of the Panamanian Revolution. Bunau-Varilla was born", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 30 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3691500", "chunk_text": "\"Rafael Reyes\"\nthe administration of President José Manuel Marroquín. The Panamanian troops, aided by military advisers and troops from the United States of America, had declared their independence. This action was supported by President Theodore Roosevelt, who had expressed interest in building an interoceanic canal in this strategic region. There had been a treaty between Colombia and United States of America, the Hay–Herrán Treaty, signed on January 12, 1903, by which the United States would finance, direct and supervise the construction of the canal. In the 1904 presidential race, which did not have any Liberal candidates, Reyes ran against another conservator; General", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 31 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12769554", "chunk_text": "\"Panama Canal Railway\"\nthe ideal solution. President Bolívar of La Gran Colombia (Venezuela, Ecuador, Panama, Colombia) commissioned a study into the possibility of building a railway from Chagres (on the Chagres River) to the town of Panama City. This study was carried out between 1827 and 1829, just as railroads were being invented. The report stated that such a railway might be possible. However, the idea was shelved. In 1836, United States President Andrew Jackson commissioned a study of proposed routes for inter-oceanic communication in order to protect the interests of Americans traveling between the oceans and those living in the developing Oregon", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 32 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12698736", "chunk_text": "\"Panama Canal\"\nand May 2016. The expanded canal began commercial operation on June 26, 2016. The new locks allow transit of larger, post-Panamax ships, capable of handling more cargo. France began work on the canal in 1881, but stopped due to engineering problems and a high worker mortality rate. The United States took over the project in 1904 and opened the canal on August 15, 1914. One of the largest and most difficult engineering projects ever undertaken, the Panama Canal shortcut greatly reduced the time for ships to travel between the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans, enabling them to avoid the lengthy, hazardous", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 33 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9177513", "chunk_text": "\"John Hay\"\nfull jurisdiction. This was less than satisfactory to the Panamanian diplomats who arrived in Washington shortly after the signing, but they did not dare renounce it. The treaty was approved by the two nations, and work on the Panama Canal began in 1904. Hay wrote to Secretary of War Elihu Root, praising \"\"the perfectly regular course which the President did follow\"\" as much preferable to armed occupation of the isthmus. Hay had met the President's father, Theodore Roosevelt, Sr., during the Civil War, and during his time at the \"\"Tribune\"\" came to know the adolescent \"\"Teddy\"\", twenty years younger than", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 34 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19138392", "chunk_text": "\"History of Panama (1821–1903)\"\nfrom Colombia's annuity and benefited from transient trade and some inflow of capital. Throughout the nineteenth century, governments and private investors in the United States, Britain, and France intermittently displayed interest in building a canal across the Western Hemisphere. Several sites were considered, but from the start the ones in Nicaragua and Panama received the most serious attention. President Andrew Jackson sent Charles A. Biddle as his emissary in the 1830s to investigate both routes, but the project was aborted when Biddle abandoned his government mission and negotiated instead with Colombian capitalists for a private concession. Nevertheless, Colombia continued to", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 35 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12698761", "chunk_text": "\"Panama Canal\"\nwork and live in reasonable safety and comfort. He also re-established and enlarged the railway, which was to prove crucial in transporting millions of tons of soil from the cut through the mountains to the dam across the Chagres River. Colonel William C. Gorgas had been appointed chief sanitation officer of the canal construction project in 1904. Gorgas implemented a range of measures to minimize the spread of deadly diseases, particularly yellow fever and malaria, which had recently been shown to be mosquito-borne following the work of Dr. Carlos Finlay and Dr. Walter Reed. Investment was made in extensive sanitation", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 36 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "722544", "chunk_text": "\"Territories of the United States on stamps\"\nCanal is represented by the Pedro Miguel Locks in the Panama–Pacific Exposition issue. An estimated 500 million of these 2-cent stamps were printed and issued to the public in a first release in 1913 with perforations 12, and a second in 1914 in perforations 10. The Panama Canal opening was commemorated on its 25th anniversary with a 3-cent stamp issued on August 15, 1939. The stamp shows a steamship passing through the Gaillard Cut, President Theodore Roosevelt on the left promoted the canal and General George W. Goethals on the right was chief engineer and first governor of the Panama", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 37 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12698752", "chunk_text": "\"Panama Canal\"\nmaintain their franchise. Phillipe Bunau-Varilla, the French manager of the New Panama Canal Company, eventually managed to persuade de Lesseps that a lock-and-lake canal was more realistic than a sea-level canal. At this time, the President and the Senate of the United States were interested in establishing a canal across the isthmus, with some favoring a canal across Nicaragua and others advocating the purchase of the French interests in Panama. Bunau-Varilla, who was seeking American involvement, asked for $100 million, but accepted $40 million in the face of the Nicaraguan option. In June 1902, the US Senate voted in favor", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 38 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2557114", "chunk_text": "\"History of Panama\"\noceans, and by 1534, the Chagres River was dredged, facilitating traffic for two-thirds of the way. From 1882, Ferdinand de Lesseps started work on a canal. By 1889, with engineering challenges caused by frequent landslides, slippage of equipment and mud, plus disease, the effort failed in bankruptcy. A new company was formed in 1894 to recoup some of the losses of the original canal company. US President Theodore Roosevelt convinced US Congress to take on the abandoned works in 1902, while Colombia was in the midst of the Thousand Days' War. During the war, there were at least three attempts", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 39 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11589996", "chunk_text": "\"Panama Canal Railway\"\n(Gatun) meant that the old railway route from 1855 had to be changed because it followed the Chagres River valley, which would be flooded by the lake. Also, the railway would be extended and altered continuously for the building process. The stock of the Panama Railway Company, vital in canal construction, was entirely controlled by the United States Secretary of War. The construction of the Panama Canal was envisioned by John Frank Stevens, chief American railroad construction engineer, as a huge earthmoving project using the extended railroad system. Many tracks were added temporally to transport the sand and rock from", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 40 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6159905", "chunk_text": "\"Torrijos–Carter Treaties\"\nTorrijos–Carter Treaties The Torrijos–Carter Treaties () are two treaties signed by the United States and Panama in Washington, D.C., on September 7, 1977, which evaded the Hay–Bunau-Varilla Treaty of 1903. The treaties guaranteed that Panama would gain control of the Panama Canal after 1999, ending the control of the canal that the U.S. had exercised since 1903. The treaties are named after the two signatories, U.S. President Jimmy Carter and the Commander of Panama's National Guard, General Omar Torrijos. Although Torrijos was not democratically elected as he had seized power in a coup in 1968, it is generally considered that", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 41 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14820220", "chunk_text": "\"History of the Panama Canal\"\nHistory of the Panama Canal The idea of the Panama canal dates back to 1513, when Vasco Núñez de Balboa first crossed the isthmus. The narrow land bridge between North and South America houses the Panama Canal, a water passage between the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans. The earliest European colonists recognized this potential, and several proposals for a canal were made. By the late nineteenth century, technological advances and commercial pressure allowed construction to begin in earnest. Noted canal engineer Ferdinand de Lesseps led an initial attempt by France to build a sea-level canal. Beset by cost overruns due to", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 42 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13298653", "chunk_text": "Panama\nseparatist movement In November 1903 Panama proclaimed its independence and concluded the Hay–Bunau-Varilla Treaty with the United States. The treaty granted rights to the United States \"\"as if it were sovereign\"\" in a zone roughly wide and long. In that zone, the US would build a canal, then administer, fortify, and defend it \"\"in perpetuity\"\". In 1914 the United States completed the existing canal. From 1903 to 1968, Panama was a constitutional democracy dominated by a commercially oriented oligarchy. During the 1950s, the Panamanian military began to challenge the oligarchy's political hegemony. The early 1960s saw also the beginning of", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 43 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15694773", "chunk_text": "\"History of the Panama Canal\"\nof recruiting the large labor force required for construction. Stevens' approach was to press ahead first and obtain approval later. He improved drilling and dirt-removal equipment at the Culebra Cut for greater efficiency, revising the inadequate provisions in place for soil disposal. No decision had been made about whether the canal should be a lock or a sea-level one; the ongoing excavation would be useful in either case. In late 1905, President Roosevelt sent a team of engineers to Panama to investigate the relative merits of both types in cost and time. Although the engineers voted eight to five in", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 44 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8380581", "chunk_text": "\"Panama Canal Zone\"\nof the Erie Canal in the United States and the collapse of the Spanish Empire in Latin America led to a surge of American interest in building an interoceanic canal. Beginning in 1826, US officials began negotiations with Gran Colombia (present-day Colombia, Venezuela, Ecuador and Panama), hoping to gain a concession for the building of a canal. Jealous of their newly obtained independence and fearing that they would be dominated by an American presence, the president Simón Bolívar and New Granadan officials declined American offers. The new nation was politically unstable, and Panama rebelled several times during the 19th century.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 45 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17750765", "chunk_text": "\"History of Panama (1821–1903)\"\nguarantees of neutrality. Naval operations during the Spanish–American War (1898–1901) served to convince U.S. President Theodore Roosevelt that the United States needed to control a canal somewhere in the Western Hemisphere. This interest culminated in the Spooner Bill of June 29, 1902, providing for a canal through the isthmus of Panama, and the Hay–Herrán Treaty of January 22, 1903, under which Colombia gave consent to such a project in the form of a 100-year lease on an area 10 kilometers wide. This treaty, however, was not ratified in Bogotá, and the United States, determined to construct a canal across the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 46 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10868976", "chunk_text": "\"Presidency of Theodore Roosevelt\"\nas the Chief Engineer of the canal project. When Wallace resigned in 1905, Roosevelt appointed John Frank Stevens, who built a railroad in the canal zone and initiated the construction of a lock canal. Stevens was replaced in 1907 by George Washington Goethals, who saw construction through to its completion. Roosevelt traveled to Panama in November 1906 to inspect progress on the canal. Although presidents before him had traveled outside the U.S. in other diplomatic capacities prior to or after serving as president, Roosevelt was the first to do so while in office. Russia had occupied the Chinese region of", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 47 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20618028", "chunk_text": "\"George Washington Goethals\"\n\"\"Compagnie Universelle du Canal Interocéanique de Panama\"\" that started constructions on The Panama Canal under Ferdinand de Lesseps— on May 4, 1904. The new Panama Canal Zone Control was overseen by the Isthmian Canal Commission (ICC) during construction. The US inherited a small workforce and an assortment of buildings, infrastructure and equipment, much of which had been neglected for fifteen years in the humid jungle environment. There were no facilities in place for a large workforce, and the infrastructure was crumbling. Although chief engineer John Findley Wallace was pressured to resume construction, red tape from Washington stifled his efforts to", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 48 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2902332", "chunk_text": "\"Rutherford B. Hayes\"\n(Villa Hayes) and a department (Presidente Hayes) in his honor. Hayes was also perturbed over the plans of Ferdinand de Lesseps, the builder of the Suez Canal, to construct a canal across the Isthmus of Panama, which was then owned by Colombia. Concerned about a repetition of French adventurism in Mexico, Hayes interpreted the Monroe Doctrine firmly. In a message to Congress, Hayes explained his opinion on the canal: \"\"The policy of this country is a canal under American control ... The United States cannot consent to the surrender of this control to any European power or any combination of", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 49 } ]
test_3452	who is super bowl 2018 half time show?	n/a	[ "Justin Timberlake" ]	[]	n/a	n/a	n/a	[]	[ { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6891247", "chunk_text": "\"Super Bowl LII halftime show\"\nSuper Bowl LII halftime show The Super Bowl LII Halftime Show (officially known as the Pepsi Super Bowl LII Halftime Show) took place on February 4, 2018 at U.S. Bank Stadium in Minneapolis, Minnesota, as part of Super Bowl LII. Justin Timberlake was the featured performer, as confirmed by the National Football League (NFL) on October 22, 2017. It was televised nationally by NBC. It received four nominations at the 70th Primetime Emmy Awards. The show began with Jimmy Fallon introducing Justin Timberlake, followed by a video screen depicting Timberlake performing \"\"Filthy\"\" in a club setting below the field level", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 0 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4021346", "chunk_text": "\"Super Bowl LIII halftime show\"\nSuper Bowl LIII halftime show The Super Bowl LIII Halftime Show (officially known as the Pepsi Super Bowl LIII Halftime Show) will take place on Sunday February 3, 2019 at Mercedes-Benz Stadium in Atlanta, Georgia. \"\"The New York Times\"\", \"\"Rolling Stone\"\", and \"\"Billboard\"\" reported that U.S. pop band Maroon 5 was set to headline the show (with Cardi B and Travis Scott as guests); the NFL has not yet officially announced the performer. In October 2018, it was reported that Rihanna had declined an offer to perform, due to her support of Colin Kaepernick. On November 27, a petition was", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 1 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16774854", "chunk_text": "\"Super Bowl LII halftime show\"\nin line with that of the game as a whole, which had lost 7% compared to the previous year. According to initial sales reports from Nielsen Music, sales of the songs Timberlake performed during the halftime show gained 534% in the United States on February 4, the day of the Super Bowl, compared to Feb. 3, while his streams on Spotify gained 214%. Super Bowl LII halftime show The Super Bowl LII Halftime Show (officially known as the Pepsi Super Bowl LII Halftime Show) took place on February 4, 2018 at U.S. Bank Stadium in Minneapolis, Minnesota, as part of", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 2 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6891202", "chunk_text": "\"Super Bowl LI halftime show\"\nSuper Bowl LI halftime show The Super Bowl LI Halftime show took place on February 5, 2017, at NRG Stadium in Houston, Texas, as part of Super Bowl LI. Lady Gaga headlined the show performing a medley of her songs, including material from her then-most recent studio album, \"\"Joanne\"\". The National Football League (NFL) confirmed the singer would helm the LI halftime show after discussions with the singer Adele proved unproductive. Gaga began rehearsing the show by January 2017 and had no guest performers. Her sister gave her the idea of performing from atop the NRG Stadium; Gaga worked on", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 3 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18319591", "chunk_text": "\"Football Night in America\"\nBob Costas at the \"\"SNF\"\" game site, the format remained virtually unchanged as all commentators returned to the show from the previous season. Mike Tirico became the new host of the program from the \"\"SNF\"\" game site, replacing Bob Costas. Also, the format remained virtually unchanged as all of the other in-studio commentators (Patrick, Harrison and Dungy) returned from the previous season. On February 4, 2018, NBC aired a six-hour pregame show from Minneapolis, the host city of Super Bowl LII, starting at noon ET (11am CT), hosted by Patrick, Dungy and Harrison, the latter two also served as lead", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 4 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6891246", "chunk_text": "\"Super Bowl LI halftime show\"\nMain performer Creative personnel Vendors Lighting crew Art design team Stage video and projection crew Intel Shooting Star drone team All Access Staging & Productions crew Super Bowl LI halftime show The Super Bowl LI Halftime show took place on February 5, 2017, at NRG Stadium in Houston, Texas, as part of Super Bowl LI. Lady Gaga headlined the show performing a medley of her songs, including material from her then-most recent studio album, \"\"Joanne\"\". The National Football League (NFL) confirmed the singer would helm the LI halftime show after discussions with the singer Adele proved unproductive. Gaga began rehearsing", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 5 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20721375", "chunk_text": "\"Super Bowl XLVIII halftime show\"\nAmerican pop star Katy Perry was headliner. The performance generated 2.2 million tweets, due to clamoring for tickets to Mars' Moonshine Jungle Tour. The Super Bowl XLVIII halftime show received two 2014 Primetime Emmy Award nominations for Outstanding Short-Format Live-Action Entertainment Program and Outstanding Lighting Design / Lighting Direction for a Variety Special. Bruno Mars was confirmed as the lead half time performer for Super Bowl XLVIII in September 2013 during a Fox NFL Sunday broadcast held live in Times Square in New York City. The NFL's entertainment team started working with Mars and his management on the halftime set", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 6 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6749848", "chunk_text": "\"Super Bowl LII\"\nincluding Super Bowl LII. As a result of the deal, the online stream was available to viewers on all Internet devices for the first time, regardless of network (because of Verizon's previous exclusive rights deal, non-Verizon phones had previously been blocked from receiving any NFL telecasts, regardless of source). The game was also available through the NFL Mobile app with the aforementioned change to viewing through the app now being allowed on all mobile carriers. Dan Patrick and Liam McHugh served as the lead hosts for NBC's pre-game coverage. Mike Tirico, who replaced the retiring Bob Costas in 2017 as", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 7 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17075383", "chunk_text": "\"Super Bowl LIII\"\n\"\"Bud Light Super Bowl Music Fest\"\", a three-night concert series that will be headlined by Ludacris and Migos (night 1), Aerosmith (night 2), and Bruno Mars and Cardi B (night 3). The NFL will officially launch its centennial commemorations at Super Bowl LIII, ahead of its 100th season later in the year. CBS will broadcast Super Bowl LIII, as part of an annual cycle between the three main broadcast television partners of the NFL. As with CBS's previous Super Bowl (Super Bowl 50), ESPN Deportes will air a Spanish-language broadcast of the game. On September 19, 2018, it was reported", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 8 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6749854", "chunk_text": "\"Super Bowl LII\"\nMajor Instinct\"\" sermon on the virtues of serving others (February 4, 2018 was also the 50th anniversary of the sermon). The ad was considered an exploitation of King's words to sell a product, with media outlets noting that the sermon in the ad went on to specifically criticize advertisers (including automobile manufacturers) for being \"\"gentlemen of massive verbal persuasion\"\". NBC's lead-out program was an episode of \"\"This Is Us\"\", titled \"\"Super Bowl Sunday\"\", alongside a special episode of \"\"The Tonight Show Starring Jimmy Fallon\"\" from Minneapolis' Orpheum Theatre, with halftime performer Justin Timberlake, Dwayne Johnson, Chris Stapleton and the cast", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 9 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16774833", "chunk_text": "\"Super Bowl LII halftime show\"\nthen returned to the main stage to perform \"\"Mirrors\"\", as hundreds of dancers and members of the marching band performed choreography with large mirrors, creating bright reflections in the broadcast and across the roof of the stadium. Timberlake closed the show with \"\"Can't Stop the Feeling!\"\", entering the stands at the conclusion of the song. For the first time since the Super Bowl XLVI halftime show in Indianapolis in 2012, no pyrotechnics were used throughout the performance. The show relied mostly on lasers and video screens for visual effects. In July 2017, Britney Spears was rumored to be the headliner,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 10 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14015785", "chunk_text": "\"Super Bowl XLIX halftime show\"\nSuper Bowl XLIX halftime show The Super Bowl XLIX halftime show took place on February 1, 2015, at the University of Phoenix Stadium in Glendale, Arizona, as part of Super Bowl XLIX. It featured American singer Katy Perry, with singer Lenny Kravitz and rapper Missy Elliott as special guests. The halftime show was critically acclaimed and its broadcast on NBC attracted 118.5 million viewers in the United States and 120.7 million worldwide, receiving the largest ratings in the history of the Super Bowl and becoming the most watched of all-time. The halftime show was watched by more viewers than the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 11 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6749856", "chunk_text": "\"Super Bowl LII\"\nNo players were observed kneeling during the national anthem, in contrast to the protests that happened earlier in the 2016 and 2017 seasons. Fifteen Medal of Honor recipients participated in the coin toss ceremony. World War II hero Hershel W. Williams was the honorary captain and had the honors of flipping the coin. Justin Timberlake headlined the Super Bowl LII halftime show, along with his band \"\"The Tennessee Kids\"\" and featuring the University of Minnesota Marching Band. Timberlake performed in two previous Super Bowls: Super Bowl XXXV in 2001 as a member of NSYNC, and Super Bowl XXXVIII in 2004", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 12 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13084299", "chunk_text": "\"Super Bowl 50 halftime show\"\nSuper Bowl 50 halftime show The Super Bowl 50 Halftime Show took place on February 7, 2016, at Levi's Stadium in Santa Clara, California as part of Super Bowl 50. It was headlined by the British rock group Coldplay with special guest performers Beyoncé and Bruno Mars, who previously had headlined the Super Bowl XLVII and Super Bowl XLVIII halftime shows, respectively. Coldplay, Rihanna, and Katy Perry were considered as potential acts for the Super Bowl XLIX halftime show in 2015. Perry was soon confirmed as the headliner of the halftime show in October 2014. In late November, 2015, reports", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 13 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6891256", "chunk_text": "\"Super Bowl LII halftime show\"\nbut Pepsi quickly denied it. During August and September 2017, several publications informed that Timberlake was the frontrunner to performer at the Super Bowl LII halftime, first along with his frequent-collaborator Jay-Z as co-headliner, and then as the solo performer. Jay-Z was also rumored to be a solo performer, but it was reported that he turned it down due to the NFL's treatment of Colin Kapernick, which he later confirmed in his song Apeshit. A spokesperson from the NFL stated at the time, \"\"along with Pepsi, we know that we will put on a spectacular show. When it is time", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 14 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20721374", "chunk_text": "\"Super Bowl XLVIII halftime show\"\nSuper Bowl XLVIII halftime show The Super Bowl XLVIII halftime show occurred on February 2, 2014 at MetLife Stadium in New Jersey as part of Super Bowl XLVIII and was headlined by American singer Bruno Mars alongside his band The Hooligans with special guests The Red Hot Chili Peppers. The show was produced by Ricky Kirshner and directed by Hamish Hamilton. At the time of airing the halftime show attracted the largest audience in the history of the Super Bowl, attracting 115.3 million viewers. The show was later surpassed by the following year's Super Bowl XLIX halftime show in which", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 15 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15318686", "chunk_text": "\"Super Bowl XLIX\"\nwas simulcasted on TSN Radio in Canada. In the United Kingdom, BBC Radio 5 Live returned to coverage after the previous year's NFL broadcaster, Absolute Radio 90s, dropped out of sports coverage. Rocky Boiman and Darren Fletcher return as commentators. Idina Menzel performed the national anthem and John Legend performed \"\"America the Beautiful\"\". On October 9, 2014, \"\"Billboard\"\" announced that Katy Perry would perform at halftime and the NFL confirmed the announcement on November 23, 2014. At the start of the halftime show, on-field participants held up light globes which created a bird's-eye view of the Pepsi logo. Perry entered", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 16 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13084300", "chunk_text": "\"Super Bowl 50 halftime show\"\nsurfaced stating that multiple acts would perform during the halftime show. Coldplay was confirmed as the lead half time performer for Super Bowl 50 on December 3, 2015, one day before the release of their seventh studio album \"\"A Head Full of Dreams\"\". It was confirmed that Beyoncé and Bruno Mars would join Coldplay as special guests. Chris Martin called Mars to ask him to perform with Coldplay; however, Mars declined the offer. Nevertheless, the singer of Coldplay invited Mars to his studio in Malibu where he was working. There, Martin revealed to Mars that he wanted for him to", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 17 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8198899", "chunk_text": "\"Super Bowl XLVII halftime show\"\nSuper Bowl XLVII halftime show The Super Bowl XLVII halftime show occurred on February 3, 2013, at the Mercedes-Benz Superdome in New Orleans as part of Super Bowl XLVII and featured American entertainer Beyoncé with special guests Kelly Rowland and Michelle Williams from Destiny's Child. The show was produced by Ricky Kirshner and directed by Hamish Hamilton. It received acclaim from music critics who commented that Beyoncé once more proved her abilities during live performances. It became the then second most watched show in Super Bowl history by garnering 110.8 million viewers. The performance, and the stadium blackout that followed,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 18 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13116693", "chunk_text": "\"Super Bowl XXVII halftime show\"\nSuper Bowl XXVII halftime show The Super Bowl XXVII halftime show took place on January 31, 1993, at the Rose Bowl, Pasadena, California, as part of Super Bowl XXVII. It featured American singer Michael Jackson. The halftime show was broadcast on NBC. This halftime performance increased the TV ratings by a significant amount and has been claimed to be one of the most watched events in American television history with 133.4 million viewers. Jackson's performance started the NFL's trend of signing top acts to appear during the Super Bowl to attract more viewers and interest. After Super Bowl XXVI, where", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 19 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20721389", "chunk_text": "\"Super Bowl XLVIII halftime show\"\nOne Direction tickets and Jason Aldean tickets, which were two of the highest prices for an American tours during the spring and summer of 2014. Super Bowl XLVIII halftime show The Super Bowl XLVIII halftime show occurred on February 2, 2014 at MetLife Stadium in New Jersey as part of Super Bowl XLVIII and was headlined by American singer Bruno Mars alongside his band The Hooligans with special guests The Red Hot Chili Peppers. The show was produced by Ricky Kirshner and directed by Hamish Hamilton. At the time of airing the halftime show attracted the largest audience in the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 20 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17075384", "chunk_text": "\"Super Bowl LIII\"\nthat the American pop rock band, Maroon 5, will headline the game's halftime show, though neither the NFL nor Maroon 5 have confirmed the reports. Super Bowl LIII Super Bowl LIII, the 53rd Super Bowl and the 49th modern-era National Football League (NFL) championship game, will decide the league champion for the 2018 NFL season. The game is scheduled to be played on February 3, 2019, at Mercedes-Benz Stadium in Atlanta, Georgia. This will be the third Super Bowl in Atlanta, having previously hosted Super Bowl XXVIII in 1994 and Super Bowl XXXIV in 2000 at the Georgia Dome. On", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 21 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16032894", "chunk_text": "\"Super Bowl LII\"\nSuper Bowl LII Super Bowl LII was an American football game played to determine the champion of the National Football League (NFL) for the 2017 season. The National Football Conference (NFC) champion Philadelphia Eagles defeated the American Football Conference (AFC) and defending Super Bowl LI champion New England Patriots, 41–33, to win their first Super Bowl and their first NFL title since 1960. The game was played on February 4, 2018, at U.S. Bank Stadium in Minneapolis, Minnesota. This was the second time that a Super Bowl was played in Minneapolis, the northernmost city to ever host the event, after", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 22 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16774853", "chunk_text": "\"Super Bowl LII halftime show\"\nnothing to say in his performance, and said that it lacked soul and meaning. At the 70th Primetime Emmy Awards, the Super Bowl halftime show received four nominations: Outstanding Directing For A Variety Special, Outstanding Lighting Design/Lighting Direction For A Variety Special, Outstanding Music Direction, Outstanding Technical Direction, Camerawork, Video Control For A Limited Series, Movie Or Special. The Super Bowl LII halftime show was seen by 106.6 million television viewers in the United States, 9% less than Lady Gaga's in 2017. It had higher average viewership than the game itself, and the decline for the halftime show was roughly", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 23 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19408088", "chunk_text": "\"Super Bowl XXXVIII halftime show controversy\"\n2018, neither Jackson nor Timberlake are banned from the halftime show. Timberlake later performed at Super Bowl LII on February 4, 2018. In 2002, \"\"Entertainment Weekly\"\" reported that Jackson was the original choice to perform at the halftime show for Super Bowl XXXVI, however the NFL ultimately decided to select U2 to headline it after a group of NFL owners and officials attended the band's concert in New York City shortly after the September 11 attacks. In September 2003, the NFL announced that Jackson would be the headline performer of the Super Bowl XXXVIII halftime show. Because the event was", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 24 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20461576", "chunk_text": "\"Super Bowl XXXVIII halftime show controversy\"\nto players and coaches as Roberts ran around the field until players from both competing teams, the New England Patriots and the Carolina Panthers, tackled him. Matt Chatham, the Patriots' special teams expert and reserve linebacker initially knocked Roberts down, thus allowing stadium security and police to arrest Roberts and take him into custody. Aside from Jackson's exposure, minor controversy around the show's other performances included rappers P. Diddy and Nelly gesturing towards their crotches, stripping cheerleaders, and musician Kid Rock appearing in a poncho made from a slit American flag, which he later threw towards the audience. U.S. Senator", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 25 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9773213", "chunk_text": "\"Super Bowl XXXIX\"\n2 T-6 Texan trainers and a B-25 Mitchell bomber. The coin toss ceremony featured youth football players from Jacksonville: Tyler Callahan, Tyler Deal, Lawrence McCauley, and Jacob Santana; and New Orleans NFL Junior Player Development coach Tamaris Jackson. They were billed as the first non-celebrities to participate in the coin toss. For the third straight year, each team took the field \"\"en masse,\"\" following a tradition the Patriots had started in Super Bowl XXXVI. In prerecorded video segments, Andover, Massachusetts native Michael Chiklis introduced the Patriots, and Philadelphia-born Will Smith introduced the Eagles. Paul McCartney performed during the halftime show;", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 26 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7435229", "chunk_text": "\"Super Bowl 50\"\nMVP. This game was also the final game of Peyton Manning's career; the Broncos quarterback, who also won Super Bowl XLI, announced his retirement in March 2016. CBS' broadcast of the game was the third most-watched program in American television history with an average of 111.9 million viewers. The network charged an average of $5 million for a 30-second commercial during the game. It remains the highest-rated program in the history of CBS. The Super Bowl 50 halftime show was headlined by Coldplay, with special guest performers Beyoncé and Bruno Mars. In early 2012, NFL Commissioner Roger Goodell stated that", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 27 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13887368", "chunk_text": "\"Bob Costas\"\nand he wouldn't allow a son with athletic talent to play it. Costas had been scheduled to work Super Bowl LII, his eighth as a host (despite stepping down from \"\"Football Night in America\"\" in favor of his successor Mike Tirico, Costas was to return while Tirico prepped to lead NBC's coverage of the 2018 Winter Olympics, set to begin a few days later). However, the network announced shortly before the game that Liam McHugh would instead join Dan Patrick as a co-host, leading to speculation that NBC removed Costas from the NFL's biggest game over his comments. Costas has", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 28 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4420109", "chunk_text": "\"Football Night in America\"\nanalysts. Liam McHugh, who had previously hosted the NBC-produced \"\"Thursday Night Football\"\" pregame show during parts of the 2017 NFL season, filled in for Tirico at the game site while the latter was in PyeongChang, South Korea preparing for the network's Winter Olympics coverage (which began just four nights later, on February 8, 2018). Patrick also hosted the halftime and postgame shows. For the 2018 season, Mike Tirico moved to NBC Sports HQ in Stamford to be the new studio host for the show, replacing Dan Patrick. Tirico is joined in studio by returning analysts Rodney Harrison and Tony Dungy.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 29 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15318677", "chunk_text": "\"Super Bowl XLIX\"\nexpensive as a year's tuition at the University of Phoenix, and commented that the $28,888 price of seats near the 50-yard line \"\"should not only buy you Katy Perry's halftime show but also Katy Perry singing again from your backseat halfway through your drive home.\"\" Super Bowl XLIX was televised by NBC in the United States, with play-by-play announcer Al Michaels and color analyst Cris Collinsworth calling the game from the booth and Michele Tafoya working as sideline reporter. Game coverage was preceded by a six-hour pre-game show featuring the \"\"Football Night in America\"\" crew, including Bob Costas, Dan Patrick,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 30 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14015805", "chunk_text": "\"Super Bowl XLIX halftime show\"\nShark\"\". The U.S. Trademark Office rejected her initial attempt to register \"\"Left Shark\"\". Her team initiated litigation against an Orlando, Florida, artist named Fernando Sosa, who had been making 3-D figurines of Left Shark. Set list adapted from \"\"Billboard\"\". Super Bowl XLIX halftime show The Super Bowl XLIX halftime show took place on February 1, 2015, at the University of Phoenix Stadium in Glendale, Arizona, as part of Super Bowl XLIX. It featured American singer Katy Perry, with singer Lenny Kravitz and rapper Missy Elliott as special guests. The halftime show was critically acclaimed and its broadcast on NBC attracted", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 31 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "397463", "chunk_text": "\"Super Bowl XXXVIII\"\npoints. The game was scoreless for a Super Bowl record 26:55 before the two teams combined for 24 points prior to halftime. The clubs then combined for a Super Bowl record 37 points in the fourth quarter. The contest was finally decided when the Patriots kicker Adam Vinatieri's 41-yard field goal was made with four seconds left. Patriots quarterback Tom Brady was named Super Bowl MVP for the second time in his career. The game is also known for its controversial halftime show in which Janet Jackson's breast, adorned with a nipple shield, was exposed by Justin Timberlake for about", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 32 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4021347", "chunk_text": "\"Super Bowl LIII halftime show\"\ncreated on Change.org to have the song \"\"Sweet Victory\"\" from the Nickelodeon show \"\"SpongeBob SquarePants\"\" played at the Super Bowl in honor of the show's late creator, Stephen Hillenburg. Within a week, the petition gained over 820,000 signatures in only five days. Producer Bob Kulick, who worked on the song, retweeted the petition on December 1, 2018. On Dec 12 2018, the Mercedes-Benz Stadium Twitter account posted a tweet on Sweet Victory, included in the Spongebob Squarepants episode “Band Geeks”, indicating that it may be played. Super Bowl LIII halftime show The Super Bowl LIII Halftime Show (officially known as", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 33 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8198901", "chunk_text": "\"Super Bowl XLVII halftime show\"\nartist under the age of AARP eligibility\"\" to headline the Super Bowl halftime show. Initial reports mentioned that Beyoncé's husband, Jay-Z was a potential collaborator on the show. However, he did not appear during the show, and a source told to \"\"Us Weekly\"\" that he changed his decision at the last minute as he wanted the performance \"\"to be her moment and didn't want to take away from it\"\". The halftime show was produced by Ricky Kirshner and directed by Hamish Hamilton. During the performance Beyoncé was dressed in an oversized black jacket, lace-and-leather bodysuit and thigh-high stockings. Kelly Rowland", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 34 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15120923", "chunk_text": "\"Super Bowl XLII\"\nMyers (Patriots) were the sideline reporters. This Super Bowl featured nine hours of game-related coverage prior to kickoff on game day. Fox News started the coverage on the Fox network at 9:00 a.m. ET. Official pre-game coverage began at 2:00 p.m. ET, and was handled by the \"\"Fox NFL Sunday\"\" pregame show team led by Curt Menefee, joined by Terry Bradshaw, Howie Long, and Jimmy Johnson. Jillian Reynolds served as Weather and Entertainment Reporter for the pre-game show. Additionally, Frank Caliendo appeared in various comedic skits and Ryan Seacrest provided coverage of celebrity arrivals to the game site. This was", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 35 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14015786", "chunk_text": "\"Super Bowl XLIX halftime show\"\ngame itself and won two Emmy Awards in September 2015. In August 2014, it was reported that the NFL had a shortlist of three potential acts for the Super Bowl XLIX halftime show, which were Coldplay, Katy Perry, and Rihanna. However, \"\"The Wall Street Journal\"\" also reported that league representatives asked representatives of potential acts if they would be willing to provide financial compensation to the NFL in exchange for their appearance, in the form of either an up-front fee, or a cut of revenue from concert performances made following the Super Bowl. While these reports were denied by an", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 36 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15318684", "chunk_text": "\"Super Bowl XLIX\"\non tablets. Mobile device rights were exclusive to Verizon Wireless NFL Mobile for its subscribers who pay for NFL Mobile and they had to use NFL Mobile app instead of NBC Sports Live Extra. The game was broadcast nationally on Westwood One radio, with Kevin Harlan as play-by-play announcer, Boomer Esiason as color analyst, and James Lofton and Mark Malone as sideline reporters. Jim Gray anchored the pre-game and halftime coverage, with Larry Fitzgerald, Tom Brady, Scott Graham, Rod Woodson and Kurt Warner contributing. Scott Graham also handled public address duties inside the stadium for pregame introductions and postgame awards.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 37 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20461611", "chunk_text": "\"Super Bowl XXXVIII halftime show controversy\"\nThat's all there was. Janet Jackson,\"\" adding \"\"Janet don't pull that thing open herself. He did it. We were surprised that they didn't say anything to Justin about it.\"\" Timberlake would eventually be invited back to the Super Bowl halftime show when he was named headlining act for the Super Bowl LII halftime show in February 2018. During his performance, Timberlake again sang a portion of \"\"Rock Your Body,\"\" but stopped right before reaching the \"\"I'm gonna have you naked by the end of this song\"\" lyric, saying \"\"hold up! Stop!\"\" and smiling. Some commentators interpreted this as a subtle", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 38 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13707914", "chunk_text": "\"Jim Gray (sportscaster)\"\nGray was the pregame, halftime, and postgame host, and live in game reporter for Super Bowl 51 on Westwood One Radio between the New England Patriots vs Atlanta Falcons. It marked the 20th Super Bowl that Gray has been on the live radio or television broadcast of the game, more than any other broadcaster in Super Bowl history. President Donald Trump was interviewed at halftime. In February 2018 in Minneapolis, MN., Gray worked Super Bowl 52, marking the 21st time he has been on the live broadcast of Super Sunday. Gray was the Executive Producer of the ESPN 30 for", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 39 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14220159", "chunk_text": "\"Super Bowl XXVIII\"\nmusician Charlie Daniels, and the Morehouse College Marching Band. The United States Trampoline Association (USTA) performed on 4 trampolines during \"\"Jump-Jump\"\" performed by Kris Kross. Later, singer Natalie Cole, accompanied by the Atlanta University Center Chorus, sang the national anthem. To honor the 25th anniversary of the New York Jets' upset win in Super Bowl III, that game's MVP, former Jets quarterback Joe Namath joined the coin toss ceremony. The halftime show was titled \"\"Rockin' Country Sunday\"\" and featured country music stars Clint Black, Tanya Tucker, Travis Tritt, and Wynonna Judd. The show's finale included a special appearance by Naomi", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 40 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14765549", "chunk_text": "\"Super Bowl XLVII\"\nperform it as if it were \"\"a brand new song.\"\" Jennifer Hudson and a chorus of several students from Sandy Hook Elementary School in Newtown, Connecticut, the site of the shooting on December 14, 2012, performed \"\"America the Beautiful\"\". The coin toss ceremony featured the recent inductees to the Pro Football Hall of Fame: Larry Allen, Cris Carter, Curley Culp, Warren Sapp, Bill Parcells, Jonathan Ogden, and Dave Robinson. On October 16, 2012, Beyoncé was chosen as the headline performer for the Super Bowl halftime show, with a reunited Destiny's Child also appearing as part of the show. Despite initial", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 41 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14240936", "chunk_text": "\"Super Bowl XXXVI\"\nby \"\"Askmen.com\"\". Janet Jackson was originally selected to perform at the Halftime Show, but she instead allowed U2 to perform a tribute to the events of September 11 and due to traveling concerns following the tragedy. She performed again for the Super Bowl halftime two years later, when her highly controversial Super Bowl Halftime Show performance incident occurred. The Rams scored first midway through the first quarter, with quarterback Kurt Warner completing 6-of-7 passes for 43 yards on a 48-yard, 10-play drive to set up a 50-yard field goal by kicker Jeff Wilkins. At the time, the field goal was", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 42 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20787457", "chunk_text": "\"Super Bowl counterprogramming\"\nto its goal of ensuring that the halftime show is as much of a spectacle as the game itself, which has complimented the absolute dominance of the Super Bowl in television viewership. Besides a string of halftime shows from 2006 to 2011 that featured veteran rock acts in the wake of the Super Bowl XXXVIII \"\"wardrobe malfunction\"\", the practice of inviting pop acts to perform at the Super Bowl halftime show has continued. The Super Bowl XLIX halftime show featuring Katy Perry was seen by 118.5 million viewers, as part of an overall telecast that was the most-watched television broadcast", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 43 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14220106", "chunk_text": "\"Super Bowl XXVII\"\nTonight Show\"\" host Jay Leno; Cris Collinsworth (participating in an NFL Experience piece with Christensen as well as reporting from the Dallas locker room); former Los Angeles Lakers basketball player Magic Johnson (then working as a commentator for the \"\"NBA on NBC\"\"; Johnson was assigned to an interview with Dallas Cowboys quarterback Troy Aikman, running back Emmitt Smith and wide receiver Michael Irvin); Paul Maguire; Gayle Gardner; Jim Lampley (who would replace Costas as host of \"\"NFL Live\"\" for the following season); and \"\"Dateline NBC\"\" correspondent Deborah Roberts (producing a special report on the Michael Jackson halftime show). Also included", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 44 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9076608", "chunk_text": "\"Super Bowl 50\"\nits late-night talk shows as its lead-out programs for Super Bowl 50, beginning with a special live episode of \"\"The Late Show with Stephen Colbert\"\" following the game, with a sketch featuring a pre-recorded appearance by Barack Obama, and guests Will Ferrell, Tina Fey, Margot Robbie, and Megyn Kelly. Following a break for late local programming, CBS also aired a special episode of \"\"The Late Late Show with James Corden\"\". With an average TV audience of 111.9 million, the game was the third most-watched Super Bowl—and third most-watched U.S. program—in history, according to the Nielsen ratings. It was also the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 45 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15219877", "chunk_text": "\"Super Bowl XLIX halftime show\"\nthe 67th Primetime Creative Arts Emmy Awards on September 12, 2015, the halftime show won the awards for Outstanding Lighting Design/Lighting Direction for a Variety Special and Outstanding Costumes for a Variety Program or Special. The halftime show was also nominated for Outstanding Short-Format Live-Action Entertainment Program. Two days after the halftime show, the \"\"Guinness World Records\"\" announced that Perry's performance garnered 118.5 million viewers in the United States, and became the highest-rated halftime show in Super Bowl history. The viewership was higher than the game itself, which was viewed by an audience of 114.4 million. In 2018, \"\"Deadline\"\" reported", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 46 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8641544", "chunk_text": "\"Super Bowl XLI\"\nwith play-by-play announcer Jim Nantz and color commentator Phil Simms. This was the first Super Bowl announced by Nantz. Additionally, the game had Steve Tasker (Bears sideline) and Solomon Wilcots (Colts sideline) reporting on the sidelines and Lesley Visser (Bears sideline) and Sam Ryan (Colts sideline) in the stands. This was the first Super Bowl aired on CBS since the Janet Jackson and Justin Timberlake incident three years earlier, in Super Bowl XXXVIII; and the first since the Viacom/CBS split at the end of 2005. Extensive pre-game coverage, hosted by \"\"The NFL Today\"\" team of James Brown, Shannon Sharpe, Boomer", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 47 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16774790", "chunk_text": "\"Super Bowl LI halftime show\"\nof the stage, shouted \"\"Super Bowl 51\"\", dropped her microphone, and jumped off the stage catching a football. Around August 2016 media began reporting that singer Adele was in discussions with the National Football League (NFL) to perform at the Super Bowl LI halftime show, on February 5, 2017, at Houston's NRG Stadium. Pepsi Zero Sugar sponsored the show. A representative from the NFL said that \"\"organisers are doing absolutely everything they can to try to persuade her to sign up\"\". During her Adele Live 2016 concert tour at Los Angeles, Adele clarified that although she had been asked to", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 48 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14763139", "chunk_text": "\"Super Bowl XLVII\"\nnamed Super Bowl MVP, after Drew Brees at Super Bowl XLIV, Aaron Rodgers at Super Bowl XLV, and Eli Manning at Super Bowl XLVI. CBS broadcast the game in the U.S., and charged an average of $4 million for a 30-second commercial during the game, the highest rate for any Super Bowl. According to Nielsen, Super Bowl XLVII was viewed by an estimated average of 108.69 million people in the United States, with a record 164.1 million tuning into at least six minutes of the game. Beyoncé performed in the Super Bowl XLVII halftime show, which featured a reunion with", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 49 } ]
test_3453	where does prime rib come from on a cow?	n/a	[ "the primal rib" ]	[]	n/a	n/a	n/a	[]	[ { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9390796", "chunk_text": "\"Standing rib roast\"\nStanding rib roast A standing rib roast, also known as prime rib, is a cut of beef from the primal rib, one of the nine primal cuts of beef. While the entire rib section comprises ribs six through 12, a standing rib roast may contain anywhere from two to seven ribs. It is most often roasted \"\"standing\"\" on the rib bones so that the meat does not touch the pan. An alternative cut removes the top end of the ribs for easier carving. Rib eye steaks are cut from a standing rib, boned with most of the fat and lesser", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 0 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1309985", "chunk_text": "\"Rib eye steak\"\nRib eye steak The rib eye or ribeye is a beef steak from the rib section. The rib section of beef spans from ribs six through twelve. Ribeye steaks are mostly composed of the longissimus dorsi muscle but also contain the complexus and spinalis muscles. A rib steak is a beef steak sliced from the rib primal of a beef animal, with rib bone attached. In the United States, the term rib eye steak or Spencer steak is used for a rib steak with the bone removed; however in some areas, and outside the U.S., the terms are often used", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 1 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16184495", "chunk_text": "\"Beef tenderloin\"\nBeef tenderloin A beef tenderloin, known as an eye fillet in Australasia, filet in France, and fillet in the United Kingdom and South Africa, is cut from the loin of beef. As with all quadrupeds, the tenderloin refers to the psoas major muscle ventral to the transverse processes of the lumbar vertebrae, near the kidneys. The tenderloin is an oblong shape spanning two primal cuts: the short loin (called the \"\"sirloin\"\" in Commonwealth countries) and the sirloin (called the rump in Commonwealth countries). The tenderloin sits beneath the ribs, next to the backbone. It has two ends: the butt and", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 2 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10571344", "chunk_text": "\"Rib steak\"\nits life. Its marbling of fat makes this suitable for slow roasting or grilling cooked to different degrees of doneness. Rib steak A rib steak is a beef steak sliced from the rib primal of a beef animal, with rib bone attached. In the United States, the term rib eye steak is used for a rib steak with the bone removed; however in some areas, and outside the U.S., the terms are often used interchangeably. The rib eye or \"\"ribeye\"\" was originally, as the name implies, the center portion of the rib steak, without the bone. It is considered a", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 3 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14604340", "chunk_text": "\"Primal cut\"\nPrimal cut A primal cut or cut of meat is a piece of meat initially separated from the carcass of an animal during butchering. Examples of primals include the round, loin, rib, and chuck for beef or the ham, loin, Boston butt, and picnic for pork. Different countries and cultures make these cuts in different ways, and primal cuts also differ between type of carcass. The British, American and French primal cuts all differ in some respects. For example, \"\"rump steak\"\" in British and Commonwealth English is commonly called \"\"sirloin\"\" in American English. On the other hand, British \"\"sirloin\"\" is", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 4 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14343730", "chunk_text": "\"Rib steak\"\nRib steak A rib steak is a beef steak sliced from the rib primal of a beef animal, with rib bone attached. In the United States, the term rib eye steak is used for a rib steak with the bone removed; however in some areas, and outside the U.S., the terms are often used interchangeably. The rib eye or \"\"ribeye\"\" was originally, as the name implies, the center portion of the rib steak, without the bone. It is considered a more flavorful cut than other steaks, such as the fillet, due to the muscle being exercised by the animal during", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 5 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9390797", "chunk_text": "\"Standing rib roast\"\nmuscles removed. While often referred to as \"\"prime rib\"\", the USDA does not require the cut to be derived from USDA Prime grade beef. A slice of standing rib roast will include portions of the so-called \"\"eye\"\" of the rib, as well as the outer, fat-marbled muscle (spinalis dorsi) known as the \"\"lip\"\" or \"\"cap\"\". The traditional preparation for a standing rib roast is to rub the outside of the roast with salt and seasonings and slow-roast with dry heat. It also may be grilled. Standing rib roast A standing rib roast, also known as prime rib, is a cut", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 6 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9862968", "chunk_text": "Beef\nBeef Beef is the culinary name for meat from cattle, particularly skeletal muscle. Humans have been eating beef since prehistoric times. Beef is a source of high-quality protein and nutrients. Beef skeletal muscle meat can be used as is by merely cutting into certain parts roasts, short ribs or steak (filet mignon, sirloin steak, rump steak, rib steak, rib eye steak, hanger steak, etc.), while other cuts are processed (corned beef or beef jerky). Trimmings, on the other hand, are usually mixed with meat from older, leaner (therefore tougher) cattle, are ground, minced or used in sausages. The blood is", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 7 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10051782", "chunk_text": "\"Ranch steak\"\nis excellent when grilled, broiled, or pan-fried if it is marinated first and if it is not overcooked. Ranch steak The Ranch steak comes from the chuck cut of a cow, namely the shoulder. Technically it is called a \"\"boneless chuck shoulder center cut steak\"\", but supermarkets usually use the shorter and more memorable term: \"\"Ranch steak\"\". A ranch steak is usually cut no thicker than one inch, weighs 10 ounces or less, and is usually trimmed of all excess fat. Ranch steak is generally flavorful, but a bit tough. The best results are achieved if the steak is not", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 8 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8781268", "chunk_text": "\"Short ribs\"\nstyle known as the \"\"plate\"\"). Short ribs are popular in many international cuisines. Meatpacking executive Richard C. Banfield notes that the term \"\"short ribs\"\" comes from the fact that the cut of meat contains only a portion of each long beef rib. Using American butcher's nomenclature, short ribs may be taken from the brisket, chuck, plate, or rib areas of beef cattle. The \"\"serratus ventralis\"\" muscle defines the area in the beef carcass from where short ribs come, and is the preferred muscle tissue for short ribs. This muscle originates near the second rib, and covers most of the rib", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 9 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4405017", "chunk_text": "\"Rib chop\"\nRib chop A rib chop comes from the rib section of an animal, usually the term is used for pork and lamb. Rib chops are considered the ribeye of pork and lamb. Rib chops from a pig are cut from the loin, or the back of the pig. A rib chop has a thin layer of fat around the outside. Since it is center cut, it contains little connective tissue, which makes it good for fast, dry heat methods, such as grilling and panbroiling. Unlike the loin chop, a rib chop is almost one muscle, which makes it cook more", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 10 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14025105", "chunk_text": "Steak\nthe glowing coals of an open fire. Steak can also be cooked in sauce, such as in steak and kidney pie, or minced and formed into patties, such as hamburgers. Steaks are often cut from grazing animals, usually farmed, other than cattle, including bison, camel, goat, horse, kangaroo, sheep, ostrich, pigs, reindeer, turkey, deer and zebu as well as various types of fish, especially salmon and large pelagic fish such as swordfish, shark and marlin. For some meats, such as pork, lamb and mutton, chevon and veal, these cuts are often referred to as chops. Some cured meat, such as", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 11 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5353290", "chunk_text": "\"Ribs (food)\"\nRibs (food) Ribs of pork, beef, lamb, and venison are a cut of meat. The term \"\"ribs\"\" usually refers to the less meaty part of the chops, often cooked as a slab (not cut into separate ribs). Ribs of bison, goat, ostrich, crocodile, alligator, llama, alpaca, beefalo, African buffalo, water buffalo, kangaroo, and other animals are also consumed in various parts of the world. They can be roasted, grilled, fried, baked, braised, or smoked. A set of ribs served together (5 or more), is known as a rack (as in \"\"a rack of ribs\"\"). In American cuisine, \"\"ribs\"\" usually refers", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 12 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11730293", "chunk_text": "Loin\nthat tenderloin is the most tender cut of beef one can get. The loin section of beef is fairly popular among consumers for its low fat qualities. It is the source of filet mignon. Loin The loins (or: lumbus) are the sides between the lower ribs and pelvis, and the lower part of the back. It is often used when describing the anatomy of humans and quadrupeds (such as horses, pigs or cattle). The anatomical reference also carries over into the description of cuts of meat from some such animals, e.g. tenderloin or sirloin steak. In human anatomy the term", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 13 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9862974", "chunk_text": "Beef\nthat is also found in such English word-pairs as pig/pork, deer/venison, sheep/mutton and chicken/poultry (also the less common goat/chevon). \"\"Beef\"\" is cognate with \"\"bovine\"\" through the Late Latin \"\"bovīnus\"\". People have eaten the flesh of bovines from prehistoric times; some of the earliest known cave paintings, such as those of Lascaux, show aurochs in hunting scenes. People domesticated cattle around 8000 BC to provide ready access to beef, milk, and leather. Most cattle originated in the Old World, with the exception of bison hybrids, which originated in the Americas. Examples include the Wagyū from Japan, Ankole-Watusi from Egypt, and longhorn", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 14 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8108864", "chunk_text": "Loin\nLoin The loins (or: lumbus) are the sides between the lower ribs and pelvis, and the lower part of the back. It is often used when describing the anatomy of humans and quadrupeds (such as horses, pigs or cattle). The anatomical reference also carries over into the description of cuts of meat from some such animals, e.g. tenderloin or sirloin steak. In human anatomy the term \"\"loin\"\" or \"\"loins\"\" refers to the side of the human body below the rib cage to just above the pelvis. It is frequently used to reference the general area below the ribs. While the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 15 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8031332", "chunk_text": "\"Rib chop\"\nevenly. Like on a pig, rib chops from a lamb that has a layer of fat, two actually. If the whole primal cut is left intact, it becomes a rack of lamb. Again, they have little connective tissue, so they are usually roasted as a rack, or grilled one by one. Rib chop A rib chop comes from the rib section of an animal, usually the term is used for pork and lamb. Rib chops are considered the ribeye of pork and lamb. Rib chops from a pig are cut from the loin, or the back of the pig. A", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 16 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6336286", "chunk_text": "\"Ranch steak\"\nRanch steak The Ranch steak comes from the chuck cut of a cow, namely the shoulder. Technically it is called a \"\"boneless chuck shoulder center cut steak\"\", but supermarkets usually use the shorter and more memorable term: \"\"Ranch steak\"\". A ranch steak is usually cut no thicker than one inch, weighs 10 ounces or less, and is usually trimmed of all excess fat. Ranch steak is generally flavorful, but a bit tough. The best results are achieved if the steak is not cooked beyond medium when using dry heat cooking methods. It is best when it is braised, however it", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 17 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17776998", "chunk_text": "Rib\nare widely used from many animals. The ribs are the less meaty part of the meat chop and they are often cooked as part of a slab; five or more is known as a \"\"rack\"\", as in a rack of lamb. Short ribs are ribs of beef either served singly or several as a \"\"plate\"\". A rib steak from beef is a popular choice used in many cuisines. Pork ribs, including spare ribs are popular in European and Asian cuisine. Rib In vertebrate anatomy, ribs () are the long curved bones which form the rib cage, part of the axial", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 18 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16127173", "chunk_text": "Tripe\nTripe Tripe is a type of edible lining from the stomachs of various farm animals. Most tripe is from cattle and sheep. Beef tripe is made from the muscle wall (the interior mucosal lining is removed) of only the first three chambers of a cow's stomach: the rumen (blanket/flat/smooth tripe), the reticulum (honeycomb and pocket tripe), and the omasum (book/bible/leaf tripe). Abomasum (reed) tripe is seen less frequently, owing to its glandular tissue content. Tripe refers to cow (beef) stomach, but includes stomach of any ruminant including cattle, sheep, deer, antelope, giraffes, and their relatives. Tripas, the related Spanish word,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 19 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8781267", "chunk_text": "\"Short ribs\"\nShort ribs Short ribs are a cut of beef taken from the brisket, chuck, plate, or rib areas of beef cattle. They consist of a short portion of the rib bone, which is overlain by meat which varies in thickness. There are two major types of cuts: The \"\"flanken\"\", which is cut across the bone and leaves the bone just in length, and the \"\"English\"\", which is cut parallel to the bone and leaves the bone up to in length. English cut short ribs may be served individually, or three or four may be served connected to one another (a", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 20 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3474071", "chunk_text": "\"Short loin\"\nshort loin is considered a tender beef. In Australian, British and South African butchery, this cut is referred to as the sirloin (sometimes as the \"\"striploin\"\" in South Africa). Short loin Short loin is the American name for a cut of beef that comes from the back of the cattle. It contains part of the spine and includes the top loin and the tenderloin. This cut yields types of steak including porterhouse, strip steak (Kansas City Strip, New York Strip), and T-bone (a cut also containing partial meat from the tenderloin). The T-bone is a cut that contains less of", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 21 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1309986", "chunk_text": "\"Rib eye steak\"\ninterchangeably. The rib eye or \"\"ribeye\"\" was originally, as the name implies, the center best portion of the rib steak, without the bone. In Australia and New Zealand, \"\"ribeye\"\" is used when this cut is served with the bone in. With the bone removed, it is called \"\"Scotch fillet\"\". It is both flavorful and tender, coming from the lightly worked upper rib cage area. Its marbling of fat makes it very good for fast and hot cooking. Rib eye steak The rib eye or ribeye is a beef steak from the rib section. The rib section of beef spans from", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 22 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8048806", "chunk_text": "\"Pork chop\"\nchop includes a large T-shaped bone, and is structurally similar to the beef T-bone steak. Rib chops come from the rib portion of the loin, and are similar to rib eye steaks. Blade or shoulder chops come from the spine, and tend to contain much connective tissue. The sirloin chop is taken from the (rear) leg end and also contains much connective tissue. The shoulder end produces chops that are considerably fattier than the chops taken from the loin end. The so-called \"\"Iowa Chop\"\" is a thick center cut; the term was coined in 1976 by the Iowa Pork Producers", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 23 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12698404", "chunk_text": "\"Short loin\"\nShort loin Short loin is the American name for a cut of beef that comes from the back of the cattle. It contains part of the spine and includes the top loin and the tenderloin. This cut yields types of steak including porterhouse, strip steak (Kansas City Strip, New York Strip), and T-bone (a cut also containing partial meat from the tenderloin). The T-bone is a cut that contains less of the tenderloin than does the porterhouse. Webster's Dictionary defines it as \"\"a portion of the hindquarter of beef immediately behind the ribs that is usually cut into steaks.\"\" The", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 24 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12280204", "chunk_text": "Picanha\nbe removed unless requested otherwise by the customer. The term \"\"picanha\"\" derives from the word \"\"picana\"\", which was a pole used by ranchers in the southern parts of Portugal and Spain, particularly in Alentejo, for herding cattle. This herding technique was then taken to Brazil by Portuguese emigrants and eventually the term \"\"picanha\"\" was adopted to refer to the part where the cow was poked by ranchers. Picanha Picanha is a cut of beef called sirloin cap in the United States that is popular in Brazil. In the United States, it is little known, but referred to as the rump", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 25 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19240139", "chunk_text": "\"Flank steak\"\nFlank steak The flank steak is a beef steak cut from the abdominal muscles or lower chest of the cow. The cut is common in Colombia, where it is known as \"\"sobrebarriga\"\", literally meaning \"\"over the belly\"\". A thin flank steak in South America is known as a \"\"matambre\"\" in Spanish. In Brazil, it is called fraldinha which literally translates to \"\"little diaper\"\" - named because of its position near the cow's groin and also its shape like a cloth diaper. A relatively long and flat cut, flank steak is used in a variety of dishes including London broil and", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 26 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12280203", "chunk_text": "Picanha\nPicanha Picanha is a cut of beef called sirloin cap in the United States that is popular in Brazil. In the United States, it is little known, but referred to as the rump cover, rump cap, or culotte. North American butchers generally divide it into other cuts like the rump, the round, and the loin. In some places in the United States, it is called \"\"top sirloin cap\"\". In Brazil, the most prized cut of meat tends to be the picanha. There, the fat is retained until the steak has been cooked. In the United States, however, it tends to", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 27 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14025126", "chunk_text": "Steak\nthere are National Meat Accreditation standards; in Canada, there is the Canadian Beef Grading Agency; in the United Kingdom, the Food Standards Agency is responsible; in the United States, beef is graded by the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) as select, choice or prime, where \"\"prime\"\" refers to beef of the highest quality, typically that which has significant marbling. In 1996 in the U.S., only 2.4% of cattle were graded as prime, and most prime beef is sold in restaurants and hotels. There is a wide range of quickly prepared and well-known beef steak dishes, including Minute steak, steak", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 28 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13022448", "chunk_text": "\"Round steak\"\nRound steak A round steak is a beef steak from the \"\"round\"\", the rear leg of the cow. The round is divided into cuts including the eye (of) round, bottom round, and top round, with or without the \"\"round\"\" bone (femur), and may include the knuckle (sirloin tip), depending on how the round is separated from the loin. This is a lean cut and it is moderately tough. Lack of fat and marbling makes round dry out when cooked with dry-heat cooking methods like roasting or grilling. Round steak is commonly prepared with slow moist-heat methods including braising, to tenderize", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 29 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9863002", "chunk_text": "Beef\nfish, eggs, and plant-fed farm animal products to be used. Top 5 cattle and beef exporting countries – 2016 Beef exports, including buffalo meat, in metric tons(2016) Top 10 cattle and beef producing countries (2009,2010) Beef production (1000 Metric Tons CWE) (2009) National cattle herds (Per 1000 Head) Beef Beef is the culinary name for meat from cattle, particularly skeletal muscle. Humans have been eating beef since prehistoric times. Beef is a source of high-quality protein and nutrients. Beef skeletal muscle meat can be used as is by merely cutting into certain parts roasts, short ribs or steak (filet mignon,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 30 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17125063", "chunk_text": "\"Cut of beef\"\nCut of beef Cuts of beef are first divided into primal cuts, pieces of meat initially separated from the carcass during butchering. These are basic sections from which steaks and other subdivisions are cut. The term \"\"primal cut\"\" is quite different from \"\"prime cut\"\", used to characterize cuts considered to be of higher quality. Since the animal's legs and neck muscles do the most work, they are the toughest; the meat becomes more tender as distance from \"\"hoof and horn\"\" increases. Different countries and cuisines have different cuts and names, and sometimes use the same name for a different cut;", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 31 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11730292", "chunk_text": "Loin\nfrom the head end) as \"\"loin\"\". Various names of meats further butchered from the loin section of cattle and pork contain the name \"\"loin\"\" such as tenderloin and sirloin. In American culinary arts the loin section of meat from the top half of cattle is divided into three sections. The various cuts of beef from this section are named sirloin, tenderloin, top sirloin, and short loin. They are named for their respective parts on the cattle. In the British butchery tradition, the same set of muscles is generally referred to as the \"\"rump\"\". It has been suggested by culinary professionals", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 32 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8376071", "chunk_text": "\"Filet mignon\"\nFilet mignon Filet mignon (; French for \"\"tender fillet\"\" or \"\"delicate/fine fillet\"\") is a steak cut of beef taken from the smaller end of the tenderloin, or psoas major of the cow carcass, usually a steer or heifer. In French this cut is always called \"\"filet de bœuf\"\", which translates in English to \"\"beef fillet\"\". The reason that this cut in French is always called filet de boeuf is because, in French, filet mignon always means pork tenderloin. The tenderloin runs along both sides of the spine, and is usually harvested as two long snake-shaped cuts of beef. The tenderloin", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 33 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19589027", "chunk_text": "Brisket\nBrisket Brisket is a cut of meat from the breast or lower chest of beef or veal. The beef brisket is one of the nine beef primal cuts, though the precise definition of the cut differs internationally. The brisket muscles include the superficial and deep pectorals. As cattle do not have collar bones, these muscles support about 60% of the body weight of standing/moving cattle. This requires a significant amount of connective tissue, so the resulting meat must be cooked correctly to tenderize the connective tissue. According to the \"\"Random House Dictionary of the English Language\"\", Second Edition, the term", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 34 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "904336", "chunk_text": "Venison\nVenison Venison is the meat of a deer. Venison can be used to refer to any part of the deer, so long as it can be consumed, including the flesh and internal organs. Venison, much like beef, is categorized into specific cuts, including roast, sirloin, and ribs. The word derives from the Latin \"\"venari\"\" (to hunt or pursue). This term entered English through Norman in the 11th century, following the Norman conquest of England, and the establishment of Royal Forests. \"\"Venison\"\" originally described meat of any game animal killed by hunting, and was applied to any animal from the families", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 35 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17107076", "chunk_text": "\"T-bone steak\"\nT-bone steak The T-bone and porterhouse are steaks of beef cut from the short loin (called the sirloin in Commonwealth countries and Ireland). Both steaks include a \"\"T\"\"-shaped bone with meat on each side. Porterhouse steaks are cut from the rear end of the short loin and thus include more tenderloin steak, along with (on the other side of the bone) a large strip steak. T-bone steaks are cut closer to the front, and contain a smaller section of tenderloin. The smaller portion of a T-bone, when sold alone, is known as a filet mignon, especially if it's cut from", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 36 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5353291", "chunk_text": "\"Ribs (food)\"\nto barbecue pork ribs, or sometimes beef ribs, which are served with various barbecue sauces. They are served as a rack of meat which diners customarily tear apart by hand, then eat the meat from the bone. Slow roasting or barbecuing for as much as 10–12 hours creates a tender finished product. Ribs (food) Ribs of pork, beef, lamb, and venison are a cut of meat. The term \"\"ribs\"\" usually refers to the less meaty part of the chops, often cooked as a slab (not cut into separate ribs). Ribs of bison, goat, ostrich, crocodile, alligator, llama, alpaca, beefalo, African", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 37 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16184496", "chunk_text": "\"Beef tenderloin\"\nthe \"\"tail\"\". The smaller, pointed end—the \"\"tail\"\"—starts a little past the ribs, growing in thickness until it ends in the \"\"sirloin\"\" \"\"primal cut\"\", which is closer to the butt of the cow. This muscle does very little work, so it is the most tender part of the beef. Whole tenderloins are sold as either \"\"unpeeled\"\" (meaning the fat and silver skin remain), \"\"peeled\"\" (meaning that the fat is removed, but silver skin remains), or as PSMOs (\"\"pismos\"\"), which is short for peeled, silver skin removed, and side muscle (the \"\"chain\"\") left on. While the most expensive option pound-for-pound, PSMOs offer", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 38 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5178792", "chunk_text": "\"Loin chop\"\nLoin chop Loin chops can refer to either a commercial cut of pork, or lamb. Pork loin chops are cut from the back of the pig. Many grilling websites refer to them as \"\"porterhouse\"\" or \"\"T-bone\"\" pork chops. They look like a T-bone steak from a cow, and they contain two muscles, the loin and tenderloin. Since they cook so differently, cooking them by very fast methods is not recommended. Unlike pork loin chops, lamb loin chops contain almost one muscle. They are bigger than rib chops, and the biggest lamb chop that does not have bands of connective tissue", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 39 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16184498", "chunk_text": "\"Beef tenderloin\"\nsuitable for portion-controlled steaks, as the diameter of the eye remains relatively consistent. The center-cut can yield the traditional filet mignon or tenderloin steak, as well as the Chateaubriand steak and beef Wellington. The tail, which is generally unsuitable for steaks due to size inconsistency, can be used in recipes where small pieces of a tender cut are called for, such as beef Stroganoff. Beef tenderloin A beef tenderloin, known as an eye fillet in Australasia, filet in France, and fillet in the United Kingdom and South Africa, is cut from the loin of beef. As with all quadrupeds, the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 40 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15420402", "chunk_text": "\"Chuck steak\"\nthe proportion of meat and bone, although the fifth rib exceeds the prime rib in the amount of lean meat. The cross cut or cross rib, which is the last part of the chuck located between the brisket point and the short rib - can also be used as an alternative to the blade when cooking steaks. The chuck part cut from the shoulder clod is also used in place of sirloin since it has a very beefy taste. In the United States, chuck has the meat-cutting classification NAMP 113. Chuck steak Chuck steak is a cut of beef and", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 41 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11614096", "chunk_text": "Sweetbread\nSweetbread Sweetbread is a culinary name for the thymus (also called throat, gullet, or neck sweetbread). This is especially of calf (\"\"ris de veau\"\") and lamb (\"\"ris d'agneau\"\"), and, less commonly, of beef and pork. The \"\"heart\"\" sweetbreads are more spherical in shape, while the \"\"throat\"\" sweetbreads are more cylindrical in shape. Various other glands used as food may also sometimes be called \"\"sweetbreads,\"\" including the parotid gland (\"\"cheek\"\" or \"\"ear\"\" sweetbread), the sublingual glands (\"\"tongue\"\" sweetbreads or \"\"throat bread\"\") as well as ovary and testicles. One common preparation of sweetbreads involves soaking in salt water, then poaching in milk,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 42 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16839896", "chunk_text": "\"Strip steak\"\nStrip steak The strip steak is a cut of beef steaks from the short loin from a cow. It consists of a muscle that does little work, the longissimus, making the meat particularly tender, although not as tender as the nearby psoas major or tenderloin. Unlike the tenderloin, the longissimus is a sizable muscle, allowing it to be cut into larger portions. According to the National Cattlemen's Beef Association, the steak is marketed in the United States under various names, including Ambassador Steak, Boneless Club Steak, Hotel-Style Steak, Kansas City Steak, New York Steak, Top Loin, and Veiny Steak. In", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 43 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9862969", "chunk_text": "Beef\nused in some varieties called blood sausage. Other parts that are eaten include other muscles and offal, such as the oxtail, liver, tongue, tripe from the reticulum or rumen, glands (particularly the pancreas and thymus, referred to as sweetbread), the heart, the brain (although forbidden where there is a danger of bovine spongiform encephalopathy, BSE, commonly referred to as mad cow disease), the kidneys, and the tender testicles of the bull (known in the United States as \"\"calf fries\"\", \"\"prairie oysters\"\", or \"\"Rocky Mountain oysters\"\"). Some intestines are cooked and eaten as is, but are more often cleaned and used", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 44 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14771715", "chunk_text": "\"Sirloin steak\"\nSirloin steak The sirloin steak is cut from the sirloin where the T-bone, porterhouse, and club steaks are cut. The sirloin is actually divided into several types of steak. The top sirloin is the most prized of these and is specifically marked for sale under that name. The bottom sirloin, which is less tender and much larger, is typically marked for sale simply as \"\"sirloin steak\"\". The bottom sirloin in turn connects to the sirloin tip roast. In a common British, South African, and Australian butchery, the word \"\"sirloin\"\" refers to cuts of meat from the upper middle of the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 45 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7180344", "chunk_text": "\"Goat meat\"\nsome other cultures prefer meat that comes from younger goats that are six to nine months old. Ribs, loins, and tenderloin goat meat are suitable for quick cooking, while other cuts are best for long braising. Despite being classified as red meat, goat is leaner and contains less cholesterol, fat, and protein than both lamb and beef, and less energy than beef or chicken; therefore, it requires low-heat, slow cooking to preserve tenderness and moisture. Goats consume less forage than beef cattle. An acre of pasture can sustain 10 goats or more, compared to two steers. A goat may produce", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 46 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2692216", "chunk_text": "\"Caul fat\"\nThe Navajo people of the Southwestern United States wrap sheep intestines around strips of caul fat to make a dish called ach'ii'. Caul fat Caul fat, also known as lace fat, omentum, crépine or fat netting, is the thin membrane which surrounds the internal organs of some animals, such as cows, sheep, and pigs, also known as the greater omentum. It is used as a casing for sausages, roulades, pâtés, and various other meat dishes. Examples of such dishes are Swiss \"\"atriau\"\", French crépinette, Cypriot sheftalia, English faggots, and Italian \"\"fegatelli\"\". In the traditional Ukrainian and Russian cuisine, caul fat,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 47 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9926743", "chunk_text": "\"Beef aging\"\nBeef aging Beef aging (American English) or ageing is a process of preparing beef for consumption, mainly by breaking down the connective tissue. Dry-aged beef is beef that has been hung or placed on a rack to dry for several weeks. After the animal is slaughtered and cleaned, it is hung as a full or half carcass. Primal (large distinct sections) or sub primal cuts, such as strip loins, rib eyes, and sirloin, are placed in a refrigerator unit, also known as a \"\"hot box\"\". This process involves considerable expense, as the beef must be stored near freezing temperatures. Subprimal", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 48 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1019960", "chunk_text": "\"Meat chop\"\nMeat chop A meat chop is a cut of meat cut perpendicular to the spine, and usually containing a rib or riblet part of a vertebra and served as an individual portion. The most common kinds of meat chops are pork and lamb. A thin boneless chop, or one with only the rib bone, may be called a cutlet, though the difference is not always clear. The term \"\"chop\"\" is not usually used for beef, but a T-bone steak is essentially a loin chop, and a rib steak a rib cutlet. Chops are generally cut from pork, lamb, veal, or", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 49 } ]
test_3454	who enforces the charter of rights and freedoms?	n/a	[ "Supreme Court of Canada", "the courts", "courts", "The courts" ]	[]	n/a	n/a	n/a	[]	[ { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14878998", "chunk_text": "\"Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms\"\nCanadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms The Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms (), in Canada often simply the Charter, is a bill of rights entrenched in the Constitution of Canada. It forms the first part of the \"\"Constitution Act, 1982\"\". The Charter guarantees certain political rights to Canadian citizens and civil rights of everyone in Canada from the policies and actions of all areas and levels of the government. It is designed to unify Canadians around a set of principles that embody those rights. The Charter was signed into law by Queen Elizabeth II of Canada on April 17,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 0 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7591084", "chunk_text": "\"Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms\"\nrights. Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms The Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms (), in Canada often simply the Charter, is a bill of rights entrenched in the Constitution of Canada. It forms the first part of the \"\"Constitution Act, 1982\"\". The Charter guarantees certain political rights to Canadian citizens and civil rights of everyone in Canada from the policies and actions of all areas and levels of the government. It is designed to unify Canadians around a set of principles that embody those rights. The Charter was signed into law by Queen Elizabeth II of Canada on April", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 1 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8905062", "chunk_text": "\"Section 2 of the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms\"\nSection 2 of the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms Section 2 of the \"\"Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms\"\" (\"\"\"\"Charter\"\"\"\") is the section of the Constitution of Canada that lists what the \"\"Charter\"\" calls \"\"fundamental freedoms\"\" theoretically applying to everyone in Canada, regardless of whether they are a Canadian citizen, or an individual or corporation. These freedoms can be held against actions of all levels of government and are enforceable by the courts. The fundamental freedoms are freedom of expression, freedom of religion, freedom of thought, freedom of belief, freedom of peaceful assembly and freedom of association. Section 1", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 2 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8593132", "chunk_text": "\"Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms\"\ntask of interpreting and enforcing the Charter falls to the courts, with the Supreme Court of Canada being the ultimate authority on the matter. With the Charter's supremacy confirmed by section 52 of the Constitution Act, 1982, the courts continued their practice of striking down unconstitutional statutes or parts of statutes as they had with earlier case law regarding federalism. However, under section 24 of the Charter, courts also gained new powers to enforce creative remedies and exclude more evidence in trials. Courts have since made many important decisions, including \"\"R. v. Morgentaler\"\" (1988), which struck down Canada's abortion law,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 3 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14879001", "chunk_text": "\"Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms\"\nin enforcing them than was the Bill of Rights. The courts, when confronted with violations of Charter rights, have struck down unconstitutional federal and provincial statutes and regulations or parts of statutes and regulations, as they did when Canadian case law was primarily concerned with resolving issues of federalism. The Charter, however, granted new powers to the courts to enforce remedies that are more creative and to exclude more evidence in trials. These powers are greater than what was typical under the common law and under a system of government that, influenced by Canada's parent country the United Kingdom, was", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 4 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5667479", "chunk_text": "\"Section 31 of the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms\"\nSection 31 of the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms Section 31 of the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms is a part of the Constitution of Canada, which clarifies that the Charter does not increase the powers of either the federal government or the legislatures of the provinces of Canada. As a result, only the courts may enforce the rights in the Charter. The section reads, As the government of Canada notes, this shows the Charter does not disturb the balance of the distribution of legislative powers under the Constitution Act, 1867. Constitutional scholar Peter Hogg has called section", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 5 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14765121", "chunk_text": "\"Section 33 of the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms\"\nSection 33 of the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms Section 33 of the \"\"Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms\"\" is part of the Constitution of Canada. It is commonly known as the notwithstanding clause (or in French), or as the override power, and it allows Parliament or provincial legislatures to override certain portions of the \"\"Charter. The section states: The Parliament of Canada, a provincial legislature or a territorial legislature may declare that one of its laws or part of a law applies temporarily (\"\"notwithstanding\"\") countermanding sections of the \"\"Charter\"\", thereby nullifying any judicial review by overriding the \"\"Charter\"\"", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 6 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14765142", "chunk_text": "\"Section 33 of the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms\"\nHuman Rights and Responsibilities\"\" fulfils a similar purpose. Section 33 of the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms Section 33 of the \"\"Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms\"\" is part of the Constitution of Canada. It is commonly known as the notwithstanding clause (or in French), or as the override power, and it allows Parliament or provincial legislatures to override certain portions of the \"\"Charter. The section states: The Parliament of Canada, a provincial legislature or a territorial legislature may declare that one of its laws or part of a law applies temporarily (\"\"notwithstanding\"\") countermanding sections of the \"\"Charter\"\", thereby", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 7 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11876409", "chunk_text": "\"Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms\"\nbased upon Parliamentary supremacy. As a result, the Charter has attracted both broad support from a majority of the Canadian electorate and criticisms by opponents of increased judicial power. The Charter only applies to government laws and actions (including the laws and actions of federal, provincial, and municipal governments and public school boards), and sometimes to the common law, not to private activity. Under the Charter, people physically present in Canada have numerous civil and political rights. Most of the rights can be exercised by any legal person (the Charter does not define the corporation as a \"\"legal person\"\"), but", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 8 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14879000", "chunk_text": "\"Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms\"\nrights and freedoms that emerged after World War II also wanted to entrench the principles enunciated in the Universal Declaration of Human Rights. The British Parliament formally enacted the Charter as a part of the\"\" Canada Act 1982\"\" at the request of the Parliament of Canada in 1982, the result of the efforts of the government of Prime Minister Pierre Trudeau. One of the most notable effects of the adoption of the Charter was to greatly expand the scope of judicial review, because the Charter is more explicit with respect to the guarantee of rights and the role of judges", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 9 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6015598", "chunk_text": "\"Section 32 of the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms\"\nSection 32 of the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms Section 32 of the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms concerns the application and scope of the Charter. Only claims based on the type of law contemplated by this section can be brought before a court. Section 32(1) describes the basis on which all rights can be enforced. Section 32(2) was added in order to delay the enforcement of section 15 until government was given time to amend their laws to conform to the section. Under the heading \"\"Application of Charter\"\" the section states: The purpose of this section is", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 10 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11876410", "chunk_text": "\"Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms\"\na few of the rights belong exclusively to natural persons, or (as in sections 3 and 6) only to citizens of Canada. The rights are enforceable by the courts through section 24 of the Charter, which allows courts discretion to award remedies to those whose rights have been denied. This section also allows courts to exclude evidence in trials if the evidence was acquired in a way that conflicts with the Charter and might damage the reputation of the justice system. Section 32 confirms that the Charter is binding on the federal government, the territories under its authority, and the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 11 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12191538", "chunk_text": "\"Section 5 of the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms\"\nSection 5 of the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms Section 5 of the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms is a part of the Constitution of Canada, and the last of three democratic rights in the Charter. Its role is to establish a rule regarding how frequently the Parliament of Canada and the legislatures of the provinces and territories of Canada must meet. This section is thus meant to reflect and constitutionally guarantee a \"\"basic democratic principle\"\" that \"\"a government must explain its actions to the people.\"\" The section reads, Section 5 guarantees that, since Parliament and each legislature", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 12 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11876411", "chunk_text": "\"Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms\"\nprovincial governments. The rights and freedoms enshrined in 34 sections of the Charter include: Precluding all the freedoms and forming the basis of the Charter, the very first section, known as \"\"limitations clause\"\", allows governments to justify certain infringements of Charter rights. Every case in which a court discovers a violation of the Charter would therefore require a section 1 analysis to determine if the law can still be upheld. Infringements are upheld if the purpose for the government action is to achieve what would be recognized as an urgent or important objective in a free society, and if the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 13 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14879027", "chunk_text": "\"Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms\"\nParliamentary supremacy. Others would say that the European Convention on Human Rights (ECHR) has now limited British parliamentary power to a greater degree than the Canadian Charter limited the power of the Canadian Parliament and provincial legislatures. Hogg has speculated that the British adopted the \"\"Human Rights Act 1998\"\", which allows the ECHR to be enforced directly in domestic courts, partly because they were inspired by the similar Canadian Charter. The Canadian Charter bears a number of similarities to the European Convention, specifically in relation to the limitations clauses contained in the European document. Because of this similarity with European", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 14 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11876412", "chunk_text": "\"Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms\"\ninfringement can be \"\"demonstrably justified.\"\" Section 1 has thus been used to uphold laws against objectionable conduct such as hate speech (e.g., in \"\"R. v. Keegstra\"\") and obscenity (e.g., in \"\"R. v. Butler\"\"). Section 1 also confirms that the rights listed in the Charter are guaranteed. In addition, some of these rights are also subjected to the \"\"notwithstanding clause\"\" (section 33). The notwithstanding clause authorizes governments to temporarily override the rights and freedoms in sections 2 and 7–15 for up to five years, subject to renewal. The Canadian federal government has never invoked it, and some have speculated that its", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 15 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7631370", "chunk_text": "\"Section 8 of the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms\"\nSection 8 of the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms Section 8 of the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms provides everyone in Canada with protection against unreasonable search and seizure. This right provides Canadians with their primary source of constitutionally enforced privacy rights against unreasonable intrusion from the state. Typically, this protects personal information that can be obtained through searching someone in pat-down, entering someone's property or surveillance. Under the heading of legal rights, section 8 states: Any property found or seized by means of a violation of section 8 can be excluded as evidence in a trial under", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 16 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8593125", "chunk_text": "\"Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms\"\nsystem of government, and as judges were perceived not to have enforced rights well in the past, it was questioned whether the courts should be named as the enforcers of the Charter, as Trudeau wanted. Conservatives argued that elected politicians should be trusted instead. It was eventually decided that the responsibility should go to the courts. At the urging of civil libertarians, judges could even now exclude evidence in trials if acquired in breach of Charter rights in certain circumstances, something the Charter was not originally going to provide for. As the process continued, more features were added to the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 17 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3547491", "chunk_text": "\"Section 4 of the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms\"\nthe \"\"Charter\"\" and \"\"Constitution Act, 1982\"\", came into effect in 1982. However, similar provisions had existed in the Constitution of Canada prior to that time. For example, the fact that a House of Commons could not last more than five years was first set by section 50 of the \"\"Constitution Act, 1867\"\". It reads, Although section 50 names the Governor General of Canada as the official who may call an election early (and section 4 does not specify an official), usually the Governor General acts on the advice of the Prime Minister of Canada. Before and after section 4, the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 18 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4931079", "chunk_text": "\"Quebec Charter of Human Rights and Freedoms\"\nunless such act expressly states that it applies despite the charter. A total impossibility to adopt derogating laws could be considered incompatible with parliamentary sovereignty, a fundamental principle in political systems following the British tradition; however, Canada, of which Quebec is a province, has a tradition of constitutional supremacy. Its Constitution, which includes the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms, is supreme, binding the federal parliament and the legislative assemblies of Canada's provinces and territories. The Quebec charter's supremacy under its section 52 applies to the following categories of rights: fundamental rights and freedoms (the right to life, free speech,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 19 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15620863", "chunk_text": "\"Section 10 of the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms\"\nSection 10 of the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms Section 10 of the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms specifies rights upon arrest or detention, including the rights to consult a lawyer and the right to \"\"habeas corpus\"\". As a part of a broader range of legal rights guaranteed by the Charter, section 10 rights may be limited by the Oakes test and/or the notwithstanding clause. However, section 10 has also spawned considerable litigation, and has made an impact in numerous cases. The section reads: Section 10 is only triggered if a person is arrested or detained. In R", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 20 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4931075", "chunk_text": "\"Quebec Charter of Human Rights and Freedoms\"\nQuebec Charter of Human Rights and Freedoms The Charter of Human Rights and Freedoms () is a statutory bill of rights and human rights code passed by the National Assembly of Quebec on June 27, 1975. It received Royal Assent from Lieutenant Governor Hugues Lapointe, coming into effect on June 28, 1976. Introduced by the Liberal government of Robert Bourassa, the charter followed extensive preparatory work that began under the Union Nationale government of Daniel Johnson. The charter ranks among other quasi-constitutional Quebec laws, such as the Charter of the French Language and the Act respecting Access to documents held", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 21 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14765141", "chunk_text": "\"Section 33 of the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms\"\nof Rights\"\". A primary difference is that the \"\"Bill of Rights\"\" notwithstanding clause could be used to invalidate \"\"any\"\" right, not just specified clauses as with the \"\"Charter\"\". The Saskatchewan \"\"Human Rights Code\"\" (1979), the \"\"Quebec Charter of Human Rights and Freedoms\"\" (1977) and the Alberta \"\"Bill of Rights\"\" (1972) also contain devices like the notwithstanding clause. Outside Canada, Israel added a device similar to the notwithstanding clause to one of its Basic Laws in 1992. However, this power could be used only in respect of the right to work. In Victoria, Australia, section 31 of the \"\"Victorian Charter of", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 22 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12688819", "chunk_text": "\"Section 34 of the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms\"\nthe \"\"Charter\"\". Under the heading \"\"Citation,\"\" the section reads: Section 34, as part of the \"\"Constitution Act, 1982\"\", came into force on April 17, 1982. According to the government of Canada, section 34's function \"\"simply\"\" relates to citation. The section clarifies that the first 34 sections of the \"\"Constitution Act, 1982\"\" may be collectively called the \"\"\"\"Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms\"\",\"\" which is an \"\"official name.\"\" This would be the name of the English version. The French version of section 34 states \"\"Titre de la présente partie: \"\"Charte canadienne des droits et libertés\"\".\"\" In 1982, constitutional scholar Peter Hogg", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 23 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14765122", "chunk_text": "\"Section 33 of the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms\"\nprotections for a limited period of time. This is done by including a section in the law clearly specifying which rights have been overridden. A simple majority vote in any of Canada's 14 jurisdictions may suspend the core rights of the \"\"Charter\"\". However, the rights to be overridden must be either a \"\"fundamental right\"\" guaranteed by Section 2 (such as freedom of expression, religion, and association), a \"\"legal right\"\" guaranteed by Sections 7–14 (such as rights to liberty and freedom from search and seizures and cruel and unusual punishment) or a Section 15 \"\"equality right\"\". Other rights such as section", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 24 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11876414", "chunk_text": "\"Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms\"\nwas never proclaimed in force. Generally, the right to participate in political activities and the right to a democratic form of government are protected: Rights of people in dealing with the justice system and law enforcement are protected, namely: Generally, people have the right to use either the English or French language in communications with Canada's federal government and certain provincial governments. Specifically, the language laws in the Charter include: Various provisions help to clarify how the Charter works in practice. These include, Finally, Section 34: states that Part I of the \"\"Constitution Act, 1982\"\", containing the first 34 sections", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 25 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7591071", "chunk_text": "\"Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms\"\nhuman rights law, the Supreme Court of Canada turns not only to the Constitution of the United States case law in interpreting the Charter, but also to European Court of Human Rights cases. The core distinction between the United States Bill of Rights and Canadian Charter is the existence of the limitations and notwithstanding clauses. Canadian courts have consequently interpreted each right more expansively. However, due to the limitations clause, where a violation of a right exists, the law will not necessarily grant protection of that right. In contrast, rights under the US Bill of Rights are absolute and so", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 26 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5667481", "chunk_text": "\"Section 31 of the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms\"\non their powers, but the opposition would have been stronger had Parliament been able to exert its authority over the provinces. As Hogg notes, section 31 also distinguishes the Charter from various rights in the amendments to the United States Constitution. In the United States, the federal Congress has the authority to enforce various rights, including those in the Thirteenth Amendment, which prohibits slavery, the Fourteenth Amendment, which binds the states to respect due process, and the Fifteenth Amendment, which contains a partial right to vote. While section 31 denies remedial powers in respect of the Charter for Parliament and", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 27 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12191539", "chunk_text": "\"Section 5 of the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms\"\nmust sit at least once a year, Members of Parliament and Members of the Legislative Assemblies may raise concerns or inquiries or challenge government policies (\"\"See Question Period\"\"). This right did not exist in the \"\"Canadian Bill of Rights\"\". Insofar as the Parliament of Canada is concerned, section 5 instead replaced section 20 of the \"\"Constitution Act, 1867\"\", which had read: When the Charter came into force in 1982 as part of the \"\"Constitution Act, 1982\"\", section 53 of the \"\"Constitution Act, 1982\"\" repealed section 20 of the \"\"Constitution Act, 1867\"\". The difference was that section 5 merely requires a", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 28 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7054236", "chunk_text": "\"Section 7 of the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms\"\nSection 7 of the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms Section 7 of the \"\"Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms\"\" is a constitutional provision that protects an individual's autonomy and personal legal rights from actions of the government in Canada. There are three types of protection within the section: the right to life, liberty and security of the person. Denials of these rights are constitutional only if the denials do not breach what is referred to as fundamental justice. This \"\"Charter\"\" provision provides both substantive and procedural rights. It has broad application beyond merely protecting due process in administrative proceedings", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 29 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18008424", "chunk_text": "\"Section 6 of the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms\"\nSection 6 of the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms Section 6 of the \"\"Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms\"\" is the section of the Canadian Constitution that protects the mobility rights of Canadian citizens, and to a lesser extent that of permanent residents. By mobility rights, the section refers to the individual practice of entering and exiting Canada, and moving within its boundaries. The section is subject to the section 1 Oakes test, but cannot be nullified by the notwithstanding clause. Along with the language rights in the \"\"Charter\"\" (sections 16–23), section 6 was meant to protect Canadian unity.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 30 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8593138", "chunk_text": "\"Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms\"\nas it was disruptive conduct (though there was some speech involved that the First Amendment might otherwise protect). The Supreme Court, however, ruled the picketing, including the disruptive conduct, were fully protected under section 2 of the Charter. The Court then relied on section 1 to find the injunction against the picketing was just. The limitations clause has also allowed governments to enact laws that would be considered unconstitutional in the US. The Supreme Court of Canada has upheld some of Quebec's limits on the use of English on signs and has upheld publication bans that prohibit media from mentioning", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 31 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10888170", "chunk_text": "\"Section 15 of the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms\"\ndignity. However, \"\"Lovelace v. Ontario\"\" warned that the analysis should not be reduced to a balancing of relative disadvantages. The final factor of nature and scope considers the nature and scope of the interest affected by the law. The more severe and localized the results of the law for those affected the more likely to show that the distinctions in treatment responsible are discriminatory. Section 15, like the rest of the Charter, is mainly enforced by the courts through litigation under sections 24 and 52 of the Constitution Act, 1982. Such litigation can be very costly. To overcome this barrier,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 32 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13582594", "chunk_text": "\"Section 16.1 of the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms\"\nSection 16.1 of the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms Section 16.1 of the \"\"Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms\"\" is the newest section of the Charter. It was enacted by the Constitution Amendment, 1993 (New Brunswick) and guarantees equality between English-speaking and French-speaking New Brunswickers. Section 16.1 (pronounced \"\"sixteen point one\"\") is not to be confused with subsection 16(1) (\"\"sixteen one\"\"), which is part of section 16 and goes back to 1982. Section 16.1 is a separate section; the \"\"point one\"\" numbering simply indicates that at some time (i.e. in 1993) an amendment inserted this new section between two", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 33 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4362137", "chunk_text": "\"Section 1 of the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms\"\nSection 1 of the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms Section 1 of the \"\"Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms\"\" is the section that confirms that the rights listed in the Charter are \"\"guaranteed\"\". The section is also known as the reasonable limits clause or limitations clause, as it legally allows the government to limit an individual's \"\"Charter\"\" rights. This limitation on rights has been used in the last twenty years to prevent a variety of objectionable conduct such as hate speech (e.g., in \"\"R v Keegstra\"\") and obscenity (e.g., in \"\"R v Butler\"\"). When the government has limited an", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 34 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3247430", "chunk_text": "\"Bill of rights\"\nBill of rights A bill of rights, sometimes called a declaration of rights or a charter of rights, is a list of the most important rights to the citizens of a country. The purpose is to protect those rights against infringement from public officials and private citizens. Bills of rights may be \"\"entrenched\"\" or \"\"unentrenched\"\". An entrenched bill of rights cannot be amended or repealed by a country's legislature through regular procedure, instead requiring a supermajority or referendum; often it is part of a country's constitution, and therefore subject to special procedures applicable to constitutional amendments. A bill of rights", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 35 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10651095", "chunk_text": "\"Civil liberties\"\nof association amidst growing authoritarianism. The Constitution of Canada includes the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms which guarantees many of the same rights as the U.S. constitution, with the notable exceptions of protection against establishment of religion. However, the Charter does protect freedom of religion. The Charter also omits any mention of, or protection for, property. The United States Constitution, especially its Bill of Rights, protects civil liberties. The passage of the Fourteenth Amendment further protected civil liberties by introducing the Privileges or Immunities Clause, Due Process Clause, and Equal Protection Clause. Human rights within the United States are", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 36 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16578315", "chunk_text": "\"Section 18 of the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms\"\nwas noted that municipalities exist under the authority of the provincial governments, which are bound by the \"\"Charter\"\" under section 32. (A related case later went to the Supreme Court as \"\"Charlebois v. Saint John (City)\"\".) Section 18 of the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms Section 18 of the \"\"Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms\"\" is one of the provisions of the Constitution that addresses rights relating to Canada's two official languages, English and French. Like section 133 of the \"\"Constitution Act, 1867\"\", section 18 requires that all statutes and other records made by the Parliament of Canada must", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 37 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12594250", "chunk_text": "\"Section 30 of the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms\"\n(section 4), and territorial governments must sit at least once a year (section 5). The other rights in the other sections of the \"\"Charter\"\" are also valid and enforceable in the territories. The authority of the territorial governments is derived from the Parliament of Canada. Paragraph 32(1)(a) provides that the Charter applies \"\"to the Parliament and government of Canada in respect of all matters within the authority of Parliament including all matters relating to the Yukon Territory and Northwest Territories\"\". Read together, section 30 and paragraph 32(1)(b) provide that the Charter applies \"\"to the legislature and government of each province", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 38 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3745203", "chunk_text": "\"Charter of Freedoms and Exemptions\"\n$10 million (about $88 billion in 2007 dollars). Charter of Freedoms and Exemptions The Charter of Freedoms and Exemptions, sometimes referred to as the Charter of Privileges and Exemptions, is a document written by the Dutch West India Company in an effort to settle its colony of New Netherland in North America through the establishment of feudal patroonships purchased and supplied by members of the West India Company. Its 31 articles establish ground rules and expectations of the patroons and inhabitants of the new colonies. It was ratified by the Dutch States-General on June 7, 1629. The economic situation of", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 39 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11136159", "chunk_text": "\"Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms\"\nUnited States Bill of Rights (an influence on aspects of the Charter) and the Constitution of South Africa. However, international precedent is only of guiding value and is not binding. For example, the Supreme Court has referred to the Charter and the American Bill of Rights as being \"\"born to different countries in different ages and in different circumstances.\"\" Advocacy groups frequently intervene in cases to make arguments on how to interpret the Charter. Some examples are the British Columbia Civil Liberties Association, Canadian Civil Liberties Association, the Canadian Mental Health Association, the Canadian Labour Congress, the Women's Legal Education", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 40 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2934656", "chunk_text": "\"Section 18 of the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms\"\nSection 18 of the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms Section 18 of the \"\"Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms\"\" is one of the provisions of the Constitution that addresses rights relating to Canada's two official languages, English and French. Like section 133 of the \"\"Constitution Act, 1867\"\", section 18 requires that all statutes and other records made by the Parliament of Canada must be available in both official languages. Section 133 places a similar obligation on the legislature of Quebec, and this is reaffirmed by section 21 of the \"\"Charter\"\". Section 18 of the \"\"Charter\"\" places a similar obligation", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 41 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1477968", "chunk_text": "\"Section 9 of the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms\"\nSection 9 of the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms Section 9 of the \"\"Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms\"\", found under the \"\"Legal rights\"\" heading in the Charter, guarantees the right against arbitrary detainment and imprisonment. Section nine states: Detainment within the meaning of both section nine and section ten is not invoked unless there is significant physical or psychological restraint. Detainment can be found to be arbitrary where there is \"\"no express or implied criteria which govern its exercise.\"\" The Supreme Court of Canada has stated that \"\"detention\"\" refers to a suspension of an individual's liberty interest by", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 42 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1477972", "chunk_text": "\"Section 9 of the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms\"\nunder investigation.\"\" This test was upheld and expanded upon by the Supreme Court of Canada in \"\"R. v. Mann\"\". In \"\"Charkaoui v. Canada (Citizenship and Immigration)\"\", the Supreme Court ruled that the Canada's security certificate regime, which enabled the pretrial detention of those suspected of posing a threat to national security, constituted arbitrary detention within the meaning of Section 9 of the \"\"Charter\"\". Section 9 of the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms Section 9 of the \"\"Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms\"\", found under the \"\"Legal rights\"\" heading in the Charter, guarantees the right against arbitrary detainment and imprisonment.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 43 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8905063", "chunk_text": "\"Section 2 of the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms\"\nof the \"\"Charter\"\" permits Parliament or the provincial legislatures to enact laws that place certain kinds of limited restrictions on the freedoms listed under section 2. Additionally, these freedoms can be temporarily invalidated by section 33, the \"\"notwithstanding clause\"\", of the \"\"Charter\"\". As a part of the \"\"Charter\"\" and of the larger \"\"Constitution Act, 1982\"\", section 2 took legal effect on April 17, 1982. However, many of its rights have roots in Canada in the 1960 \"\"Canadian Bill of Rights\"\" (although this law was of limited effectiveness), and in traditions under a theorized Implied Bill of Rights. Many of these", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 44 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3745190", "chunk_text": "\"Charter of Freedoms and Exemptions\"\nCharter of Freedoms and Exemptions The Charter of Freedoms and Exemptions, sometimes referred to as the Charter of Privileges and Exemptions, is a document written by the Dutch West India Company in an effort to settle its colony of New Netherland in North America through the establishment of feudal patroonships purchased and supplied by members of the West India Company. Its 31 articles establish ground rules and expectations of the patroons and inhabitants of the new colonies. It was ratified by the Dutch States-General on June 7, 1629. The economic situation of the colony of New Netherland in the late", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 45 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12457296", "chunk_text": "\"Constitution Act, 1982\"\nAct, 1982\"\". The Charter is a bill of rights to protect certain political rights, legal rights and human rights of people in Canada from the policies and actions of all levels of government. An additional goal of the Charter is to unify Canadians around a set of principles that embody those rights. The Charter was preceded by the Canadian Bill of Rights, which was introduced by the government of John Diefenbaker in 1960. However, the Bill of Rights was only a federal statute, rather than a constitutional document. Therefore, it was limited in scope and was easily amendable. This motivated", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 46 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14878999", "chunk_text": "\"Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms\"\n1982, along with the rest of the Act. The Charter was preceded by the Canadian Bill of Rights, which was enacted in 1960. However, the Bill of Rights is only a federal statute, rather than a constitutional document. As a federal statute, it can be amended through the ordinary legislative process and has no application to provincial laws. The Supreme Court of Canada also narrowly interpreted the Bill of Rights and the Court was reluctant to declare laws inoperative. The relative ineffectiveness of the Canadian Bill of Rights motivated many to improve rights protections in Canada. The movement for human", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 47 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8593129", "chunk_text": "\"Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms\"\npackage has led to two failed attempts to amend the Constitution (the Meech Lake Accord and Charlottetown Accord) which were designed primarily to obtain Quebec's political approval of the Canadian constitutional order. While the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms was adopted in 1982, it was not until 1985 that the main provisions regarding equality rights (section 15) came into effect. The delay was meant to give the federal and provincial governments an opportunity to review pre-existing statutes and strike potentially unconstitutional inequalities. The typography of the physical document pictured here, and still distributed today, was typeset by Ottawa's David", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 48 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15544031", "chunk_text": "\"Constitution of Canada\"\nAct 1982 provides that no further British Acts of Parliament will apply to Canada as part of its law, finalizing Canada's legislative independence. As noted above, this is Part I of the Constitution Act, 1982. The Charter is the constitutional guarantee of the civil rights and liberties of every citizen in Canada, such as freedom of expression, of religion, and of mobility. Part II addresses the rights of Aboriginal peoples in Canada. It is written in plain language to ensure accessibility to the average citizen. It applies only to government and government actions with the intention to prevent government from", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 49 } ]
test_3455	who plays joker in batman the dark knight?	n/a	[ "Ledger" ]	[]	n/a	n/a	n/a	[]	[ { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20244530", "chunk_text": "\"Joker (The Dark Knight)\"\nJoker (The Dark Knight) The Joker is a fictional character who appears in Christopher Nolan's 2008 superhero film \"\"The Dark Knight\"\". Based upon the DC Comics character of the same name, he was played by Australian actor Heath Ledger. A psychopathic mass murderer with a sadistic sense of humor, the Joker attempts to undermine the efforts of Batman (Christian Bale), James Gordon (Gary Oldman), and Harvey Dent (Aaron Eckhart) to rid Gotham City of crime. The character embodies themes of chaos, anarchy and obsession: throughout the film, he expresses a desire to upset social order through crime, and defines himself", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 0 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19075315", "chunk_text": "\"Joker (The Dark Knight)\"\nSupporting Actor in recognition of Ledger's performance in \"\"The Dark Knight\"\". Joker (The Dark Knight) The Joker is a fictional character who appears in Christopher Nolan's 2008 superhero film \"\"The Dark Knight\"\". Based upon the DC Comics character of the same name, he was played by Australian actor Heath Ledger. A psychopathic mass murderer with a sadistic sense of humor, the Joker attempts to undermine the efforts of Batman (Christian Bale), James Gordon (Gary Oldman), and Harvey Dent (Aaron Eckhart) to rid Gotham City of crime. The character embodies themes of chaos, anarchy and obsession: throughout the film, he expresses", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 1 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12146528", "chunk_text": "\"Brendon Miller\"\nBrendon Miller Brendon Miller (born August 30, 1976) is an American pornographic actor and musician. In 2012, Miller portrayed the Joker in \"\"The Dark Knight XXX\"\". He won the 2013 XBIZ Award for Best Supporting Actor for his role in the film. Although he retired from performing in 2014 to focus on his music career, he returned to the industry in 2015 to reprise his role as the Joker for \"\"Batman v Superman XXX: An Axel Braun Parody\"\". Miller edits approximately half of the movies that Stormy Daniels produces. Miller is the lead singer of a band called The Wicked", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 2 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4694125", "chunk_text": "\"Joker in other media\"\nJoker in other media The Joker, the archenemy of the fictional superhero Batman, has appeared in various media. WorldCat (a catalogue of libraries in 170 countries) records over 250 productions featuring the Joker as a subject, including films, television series, books, and video games. Live-action films featuring the character are typically the most successful. The Joker has been portrayed by Cesar Romero in the 1966 \"\"Batman\"\" television series, Jack Nicholson in the 1989 film \"\"Batman\"\", Heath Ledger in the 2008 film \"\"The Dark Knight\"\", Jared Leto in the 2016 film \"\"Suicide Squad\"\", and Cameron Monaghan in the 2014 television series", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 3 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18497023", "chunk_text": "\"Joker (2019 film)\"\nJoker (2019 film) Joker is an upcoming American crime film distributed by Warner Bros. Pictures and based on the DC Comics character Joker. It is intended to be the first film in a series of DC-based films separate from the shared DC Extended Universe (DCEU). The film is directed by Todd Phillips from a screenplay he wrote with Scott Silver, and stars Joaquin Phoenix as the Joker, along with Robert De Niro, Zazie Beetz, Bill Camp, Frances Conroy, Brett Cullen, Glenn Fleshler, Douglas Hodge, Marc Maron, Josh Pais, and Shea Whigham. In \"\"Joker\"\", a failed stand-up comedian is driven insane", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 4 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19075278", "chunk_text": "\"Joker (The Dark Knight)\"\nperformance; he himself regarded it as his most enjoyable. When the film was released in July 2008, six months after the actor had died from an accidental prescription drug overdose, the performance caused a sensation, receiving widespread acclaim and numerous posthumous accolades, including the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actor. The character is indirectly referenced at the end of \"\"Batman Begins\"\", when Lt. James Gordon (Gary Oldman) describes to Batman (Christian Bale) a suspect wanted in connection with an armed robbery and double homicide. Gordon shows Batman a joker playing card left at the crime scene. The Joker (Heath Ledger)", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 5 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19594234", "chunk_text": "\"Joker (character)\"\nreferenced in a number of media. The Joker has been adapted to serve as Batman's adversary in live-action, animated, and video game incarnations, including the 1960s \"\"Batman\"\" television series (played by Cesar Romero) and in films by Jack Nicholson in \"\"Batman\"\" (1989); Heath Ledger in \"\"The Dark Knight\"\" (2008); Jared Leto in \"\"Suicide Squad\"\" (2016); and Joaquin Phoenix in \"\"Joker\"\" (2019). Mark Hamill, Troy Baker, and others have provided the character's voice. Bill Finger, Bob Kane, and Jerry Robinson are credited with creating the Joker, but their accounts of the character's conception differ, each providing his own version of events.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 6 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14449769", "chunk_text": "\"Kevin Michael Richardson\"\nKevin Michael Richardson Kevin Michael Richardson (born October 25, 1964) is an American actor and voice actor, who has played a multitude of characters in animated series and video games. He is known for his distinctively deep voice and has been playing mostly villainous characters since the 1990s. For voicing the Joker in \"\"The Batman\"\" (2004–08), he was nominated for two Daytime Emmy Awards. A classically trained actor and a native of the Bronx, New York, Richardson first gained recognition as one of only eight U.S. high school students selected for the National Foundation for the Arts' \"\"Arts '82\"\" program.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 7 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17257155", "chunk_text": "\"Joker (character)\"\nan avatar of anarchy and chaos. While \"\"Batman Begins\"\" earned a worldwide total of $370 million; \"\"The Dark Knight\"\" earned over $1 billion and was the highest-grossing film of the year, setting several box-office records (including highest-grossing midnight opening, opening day and opening weekend). Ledger won a posthumous Academy Award for Best Supporting Actor for his performance, the first acting Oscar ever won for a superhero film. The Joker has featured in a number of animated projects, such as 2009's \"\"\"\" (voiced by Jeff Bennett) and 2011's \"\"Young Justice\"\" (voiced by Brent Spiner), and comic book adaptations (including 2010's \"\"\"\",", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 8 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2637488", "chunk_text": "\"Brendon Miller\"\nOutlaws. In addition to singing, he is also a songwriter. In 2015, he created a country rock song and music video, \"\"On the Run\"\", for the pornographic film \"\"Wanted\"\". Miller was married to Stormy Daniels. They have a daughter born in January 2011. In July 2018 Miller filed for divorce on the grounds alleging Daniels' adultery, and has requested full custody of their daughter. Brendon Miller Brendon Miller (born August 30, 1976) is an American pornographic actor and musician. In 2012, Miller portrayed the Joker in \"\"The Dark Knight XXX\"\". He won the 2013 XBIZ Award for Best Supporting Actor", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 9 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17257156", "chunk_text": "\"Joker (character)\"\nin which he is voiced by John DiMaggio). In 2012, Michael Emerson voiced the character in a two-part animated adaptation of \"\"\"\". Jared Leto portrayed the Joker in \"\"Suicide Squad\"\" (2016), and Zach Galifianakis voiced the character in \"\"The Lego Batman Movie\"\" (2017). In August 2017, Warner Bros. revealed plans for a standalone film based on the Joker, directed by Todd Phillips and produced by Martin Scorsese. Joaquin Phoenix portrays the character in \"\"Joker\"\", which is scheduled for release in 2019. The Joker has also been featured in video games. Hamill returned to voice the character in 2009's critically acclaimed", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 10 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15126255", "chunk_text": "\"The Dark Knight (film)\"\nThe Dark Knight (film) The Dark Knight is a 2008 superhero film directed, co-produced, and co-written by Christopher Nolan. Based on the DC Comics character Batman, the film is the second part of Nolan's \"\"The Dark Knight Trilogy\"\" and a sequel to 2005's \"\"Batman Begins\"\", starring an ensemble cast including Christian Bale, Michael Caine, Heath Ledger, Gary Oldman, Aaron Eckhart, Maggie Gyllenhaal and Morgan Freeman. In the film, Bruce Wayne / Batman (Bale), Police Lieutenant James Gordon (Oldman) and District Attorney Harvey Dent (Eckhart) form an alliance to dismantle organized crime in Gotham City, but are menaced by an anarchist", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 11 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "902794", "chunk_text": "\"Joker in other media\"\ncritical and commercial failure of \"\"Batman & Robin\"\", this film was cancelled. Heath Ledger played the Joker in Christopher Nolan's 2008 film \"\"The Dark Knight\"\". Ledger's interpretation of the character was specifically influenced by the graphic novels \"\"\"\" and \"\"\"\". In the film, he wears the character's traditional colour palette, while his facial appearance includes clown makeup that covers facial scars of a Glasgow smile. This version of the Joker embodies themes of chaos, anarchy, and obsession; he expresses a desire to upset social order through crime, and defines himself by his conflict with Batman. The character explores techniques found", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 12 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17257154", "chunk_text": "\"Joker (character)\"\nyoung children. Hamill's Joker is considered a defining portrayal, and he voiced the character in spin-off films (1993's \"\"\"\" and 2000's \"\"\"\"), video games (2001's \"\"\"\"), related series (1996's \"\"\"\", 2000's \"\"Static Shock\"\" and 2001's \"\"Justice League\"\"), action figures, toys and amusement-park voiceovers. A redesigned Joker, voiced by Kevin Michael Richardson, appeared in 2004's \"\"The Batman\"\"; Richardson was the first African-American to play the character. After Christopher Nolan's successful 2005 Batman film reboot, \"\"Batman Begins\"\", which ended with a teaser for the Joker's involvement in a sequel, the character appeared in 2008's \"\"The Dark Knight\"\", played by Heath Ledger as", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 13 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15126343", "chunk_text": "\"The Dark Knight (film)\"\nof encouraging future superhero films \"\"to take [themselves] far too seriously.\"\" The Dark Knight (film) The Dark Knight is a 2008 superhero film directed, co-produced, and co-written by Christopher Nolan. Based on the DC Comics character Batman, the film is the second part of Nolan's \"\"The Dark Knight Trilogy\"\" and a sequel to 2005's \"\"Batman Begins\"\", starring an ensemble cast including Christian Bale, Michael Caine, Heath Ledger, Gary Oldman, Aaron Eckhart, Maggie Gyllenhaal and Morgan Freeman. In the film, Bruce Wayne / Batman (Bale), Police Lieutenant James Gordon (Oldman) and District Attorney Harvey Dent (Eckhart) form an alliance to dismantle", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 14 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4579768", "chunk_text": "\"Thomas Wayne\"\nBaldwin will be portraying Thomas Wayne in the upcoming film \"\"Joker\"\". \"\"The Hollywood Reporter\"\" noted that the portrayal would be a departure from the traditional comic book version with the character re-interpreted as \"\"a cheesy and tanned businessman who is more in the mold of a 1980s Donald Trump.\"\" Two days later, Baldwin told \"\"USA Today\"\" that he had withdrawn from the role because of \"\"scheduling issues\"\". On September 17, 2018, Brett Cullen was cast in the role, replacing Baldwin. Thomas Wayne is featured in the \"\"Batman Arkham\"\" series where Kevin Conroy reprises the role. Thomas Wayne Thomas Wayne, MD", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 15 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19075277", "chunk_text": "\"Joker (The Dark Knight)\"\nby his conflict with Batman. Ledger's interpretation of the character is specifically influenced by the graphic novels \"\"\"\" and \"\"\"\". In the film, he wears the character's traditional color palette, while his facial appearance includes clown makeup that covers facial scars of a Glasgow smile. The character also explores techniques found in Ledger's previous performances, including his clown act in Terry Gilliam's fantasy film \"\"The Brothers Grimm\"\". Further, it references paintings by artist Francis Bacon, Anthony Burgess' novel \"\"A Clockwork Orange\"\" and various punk rock musicians. Ledger's casting as the Joker was initially controversial. The Joker is considered Ledger's finest", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 16 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19075314", "chunk_text": "\"Joker (The Dark Knight)\"\nDenby of \"\"The New Yorker\"\", otherwise critical of the film, praised Ledger's \"\"sinister and frightening\"\" performance, which he says is the film's one element of success. Denby called Ledger \"\"mesmerising\"\" and said, \"\"His performance is a heroic, unsettling final act: this young actor looked into the abyss.\"\" \"\"It's just one of the most iconic movie performances of modern times\"\", declared chief film critic of \"\"Variety\"\" Scott Foundas. Film critics, co-stars Maggie Gyllenhaal and Michael Caine, and many of Ledger's colleagues in the film community joined Bale in calling for and predicting a nomination for the 2008 Academy Award for Best", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 17 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19075310", "chunk_text": "\"Joker (The Dark Knight)\"\nreactions. Loeb, who had been critical of Jack Nicholson's portrayal of the Joker in 1989's \"\"Batman\"\", expressed his excitement for Ledger's interpretation, saying the casting felt \"\"just about right. I eagerly anticipate more!\"\" Heath Ledger's portrayal of the Joker received critical acclaim, winning numerous posthumous awards for his performance, including the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actor, a Golden Globe Award for Best Supporting Actor in a Motion Picture, the BAFTA Award for Best Actor in a Supporting Role, the Saturn Award for Best Supporting Actor, a Screen Actors Guild Award for Outstanding Performance by a Male Actor in a", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 18 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19594309", "chunk_text": "\"Joker (character)\"\nBatman\"\" (1977, voiced by Lennie Weinrib) and \"\"\"\" (1985, voiced by Frank Welker). A darker version of the Joker (played by Jack Nicholson) made his film debut in 1989's \"\"Batman\"\", which earned over $400 million at the worldwide box office. The role was a defining performance in Nicholson's career and was considered to overshadow Batman's, with film critic Roger Ebert saying that the audience must sometimes remind themselves not to root for the Joker. \"\"Batman\"\"s success led to the 1992 television series, \"\"\"\". Voiced by Mark Hamill, the Joker retained the darker tone of the comics in stories acceptable for", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 19 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14101317", "chunk_text": "\"Steven Molony\"\nWith Films and the Austin Film Festival. Both the film and Molony were awarded by the 2014 Accolade Global Film Competition for Best Feature Film and Best Performance by a Leading Actor, respectively. His upcoming work includes \"\"Oxenfree\"\" and \"\"Valley of Bones\"\". Steven Molony Steven Molony (born March 16) is an American actor, screenwriter, and film producer. His film roles include \"\"Pinching Penny\"\", for which he received the award for Best Leading Actor in a Feature Film from the 2011 Indie Fest. He played both Dr. Jeremiah Arkham and Batman in the webseries \"\"The Joker Blogs\"\". He starred as identical", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 20 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18497027", "chunk_text": "\"Joker (2019 film)\"\nyou'll see the DC movie universe being a universe, but one that comes from the heart of the filmmaker who's creating them.\"\" In August 2017, Warner Bros. and DC Films revealed plans for a Joker film separate from the DCEU, with Todd Phillips directing and co-writing with Scott Silver, and Martin Scorsese co-producing with Phillips. The script draws inspiration from Scorsese's films \"\"Taxi Driver\"\", \"\"Raging Bull\"\", and \"\"The King of Comedy\"\", as well as Alan Moore's graphic novel \"\"\"\". By September 2017, Warner Bros. was considering casting Leonardo DiCaprio as the Joker, but by February 2018, Phoenix was Phillips' top", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 21 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14101316", "chunk_text": "\"Steven Molony\"\nSteven Molony Steven Molony (born March 16) is an American actor, screenwriter, and film producer. His film roles include \"\"Pinching Penny\"\", for which he received the award for Best Leading Actor in a Feature Film from the 2011 Indie Fest. He played both Dr. Jeremiah Arkham and Batman in the webseries \"\"The Joker Blogs\"\". He starred as identical twin brothers in the feature film \"\"Efficiency\"\", for which he also wrote the screenplay. As a part of the film's fundraising on Kickstarter, Molony offered to perform randomly selected stunts for a $5 donation. It went on to play at both Dances", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 22 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "902802", "chunk_text": "\"Joker in other media\"\nCity. Shortly after filming began, De Niro, Brett Cullen, Shea Whigham, Glenn Fleshler, Bill Camp, Josh Pais, and Douglas Hodge were announced to have joined the film, with Cullen portraying Thomas Wayne. Bradley Cooper also joined the film as a producer. The director of photography was announced to be Lawrence Sher, with whom Phillips had previously collaborated with for his \"\"Hangover\"\" films. The Joker appears in the 2011 theatrical production \"\"Batman Live\"\", portrayed by Mark Frost. He masterminds a plot to defeat Batman by uniting several of the superhero's greatest foes, including Harley Quinn, Penguin, Two-Face, Riddler, Poison Ivy, and", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 23 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4694126", "chunk_text": "\"Joker in other media\"\n\"\"Gotham\"\". Joaquin Phoenix is set to play the character in the origin story film \"\"\"\"Joker\"\"\"\" which is due for release in 2019. Over the years, various actors have provided the character's voice in animated, motion comic, and video game form. Mark Hamill is often credited as the iconic voice of the Joker. Cesar Romero portrayed the Joker in the 1960s \"\"Batman\"\" television series. Romero refused to shave his distinctive mustache for the role, so it was partially visible beneath the white face makeup applied. This version of the Joker is based on the character in the 1960s comics, who is", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 24 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19075308", "chunk_text": "\"Joker (The Dark Knight)\"\nTerry Gilliam's film \"\"The Imaginarium of Doctor Parnassus\"\"; both Nolan and Gilliam celebrated and paid tribute to Ledger's work in these films. On July 31, 2006, \"\"The Dark Knight\"\" was officially announced by Warner Bros with the casting of Heath Ledger as the Joker. The casting decision surprised others, and was seen as a controversial move at the time, receiving notable negative reactions on the Internet. Nolan remembered the cynicism he endured surrounding Ledger's casting, saying that \"\"the whole world turned around and said 'What are you doing?' You know, Heath Ledger, Joker, didn't make any sense to people at", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 25 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15126308", "chunk_text": "\"The Dark Knight (film)\"\n2008, Christian Bale's Batman found his in Heath Ledger's demented dervish, the Joker.\"\" BBC critic Mark Kermode, in a positive review, said that Ledger is \"\"very, very good\"\" but that Oldman's turn is \"\"the best performance in the film, by a mile\"\"; Kermode felt Oldman was deserving of an Oscar nomination. Emanuel Levy wrote Ledger \"\"throws himself completely\"\" into the role, and that the film represents Nolan's \"\"most accomplished and mature\"\" work, and the most technically impressive and resonant of all the \"\"Batman\"\" films. Levy calls the action sequences some of the most impressive seen in an American film for", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 26 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5497904", "chunk_text": "\"Batman in film\"\nand has maintained a standing on IMDb.com's \"\"Top 250\"\". Christopher Nolan reprised his duties as director, and brought his brother, Jonathan, to co-write the script for the second installment. \"\"The Dark Knight\"\" featured Christian Bale reprising his role as Batman/Bruce Wayne, Heath Ledger as The Joker, and Aaron Eckhart as Harvey Dent / Two-Face. Principal photography began in April 2007 in Chicago and concluded in November. Other locations included Pinewood Studios, Ministry of Sound in London and Hong Kong. On January 22, 2008, after he had completed filming \"\"The Dark Knight\"\", Ledger died from a bad combination of prescription medication.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 27 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "902800", "chunk_text": "\"Joker in other media\"\nfor all other \"\"Suicide Squad\"\"-related projects. In August 2017, Warner Bros. announced that a film focusing on the origin of the Joker is currently in development, with a plot that takes place in Gotham City during the 1980s as a \"\"hard-boiled crime drama\"\". Todd Phillips has signed on to co-write/direct/co-produce the film, with Scott Silver serving as co-writer and Martin Scorsese acting as co-producer. The project will be separate from the DC Extended Universe. Joaquin Phoenix was cast as the film's lead in July 2018, with principal photography expected to begin in September. \"\"Joker\"\" will be released on October 4,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 28 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19075279", "chunk_text": "\"Joker (The Dark Knight)\"\nfirst appears in person at the beginning of \"\"The Dark Knight\"\", as part of a six-member gang wearing clown masks who rob a mob-owned bank. He tricks four of them into killing each other, then kills the last one himself and escapes with the money after unmasking in full view of the bank manager. Interrupting a videoconference between mob leaders Sal Maroni (Eric Roberts), the Chechen (Ritchie Coster) and Gambol (Michael Jai White) with their accountant Lau (Chin Han), he offers to kill Batman (Christian Bale) for half of the mob's money. Gambol refuses the offer and puts a bounty", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 29 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13514532", "chunk_text": "\"Tim Burton\"\nrole, Burton chose to cast Michael Keaton as Batman following their previous collaboration in \"\"Beetlejuice\"\", despite Keaton's average physique, inexperience with action films, and reputation as a comic actor. Although Burton won in the end, the furor over the casting provoked enormous fan animosity, to the extent that Warner Brothers' share price slumped. Burton had considered it ridiculous to cast a \"\"bulked-up\"\" ultra-masculine man as Batman, insisting that Batman should be an ordinary man who dressed up in an elaborate bat costume to frighten criminals. Burton cast Jack Nicholson as The Joker (Tim Curry being his second choice) in a", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 30 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18497031", "chunk_text": "\"Joker (2019 film)\"\nend of July, Marc Maron also joined the cast, and Bryan Callen was cast as a comedian. Alec Baldwin was cast as Thomas Wayne on August 27, but dropped out two days later due to scheduling conflicts. Production began on September 2, 2018. Principal photography commenced on September 10, 2018 in New York City, under the working title \"\"Romeo\"\". Shortly after filming began, De Niro, Brett Cullen, Shea Whigham, Glenn Fleshler, Bill Camp, Josh Pais, and Douglas Hodge were announced to have joined the film, with Cullen replacing Baldwin. Bradley Cooper also joined the film as a producer. The director", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 31 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19075285", "chunk_text": "\"Joker (The Dark Knight)\"\n(and his co-star, Matt Damon) opportunities to create characters they had not been given before. Gilliam helped Ledger put on a clown act for that film, an experience the actor later acknowledged as an influence for his performance as the Joker. Director Christopher Nolan had met with Ledger over the years for different roles. While meeting for the part of Batman in \"\"Batman Begins\"\", Ledger explained that he was not interested in working on such a film. The actor reflected on his problems with portraying superheroes, saying; \"\"I would just feel stupid and silly. I couldn't pull it off and", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 32 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "902795", "chunk_text": "\"Joker in other media\"\nin Ledger's previous performances, including his clown act in Terry Gilliam's fantasy film \"\"The Brothers Grimm\"\". It also references paintings by artist Francis Bacon, Anthony Burgess' novel \"\"A Clockwork Orange\"\", and various punk rock musicians. The Joker is considered to be Ledger's finest performance; he himself regarded it as his most enjoyable. When the film was released in July 2008, six months after the actor had died from an accidental prescription drug overdose, the performance caused a sensation and received universal acclaim; Ledger was posthumously awarded the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actor. Jared Leto portrays the Joker in the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 33 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19075312", "chunk_text": "\"Joker (The Dark Knight)\"\nAward. Roger Ebert of the \"\"Chicago Sun-Times\"\" stated that Heath Ledger's portrayal is a \"\"key performance\"\" and pondered whether he would become the first posthumous Academy Award-winning actor since Peter Finch in 1976. Mark Dinning from \"\"Empire\"\" magazine called Ledger's performance \"\"monumental\"\" and wrote \"\"The Dark Knight is Ledger's movie. It is a \"\"towering\"\" performance. ... A force of fucking nature\"\". Kevin Smith commented on Ledger, calling his \"\"incredible\"\" performance among \"\"the most frightening, smart and well-played villains ever. \"\"Ever\"\".\"\" Mark Lee, writing for \"\"The Daily Telegraph\"\", commented that Ledger accomplished \"\"a genuinely unsettling, brilliant nuanced portrait of evil\"\". Tim", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 34 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "902801", "chunk_text": "\"Joker in other media\"\n2019. On July 10, 2018, it was announced that Scorsese was no longer involved with the project. On July 24, 2018, Robert De Niro and Frances Conroy have each finalized a deal to appear in the film. On August 8, 2018, it was reported that the film will likely receive an R rating due to female nudity and carry a modest $55 million budget which is much smaller compared to other comic book movies. On August 27, 2018, Zazie Beetz and Marc Maron were confirmed to star in the film. Principal photography commenced on September 10, 2018, in New York", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 35 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20245081", "chunk_text": "\"Joker (The Dark Knight)\"\ndown, like a hyena\"\". Steve Alexander, Heath Ledger's agent, said the actor had a \"\"pay-or-play\"\" deal on \"\"The Dark Knight\"\", \"\"so he felt free to do whatever he wanted to do as the Joker, no matter how crazy.\"\" According to \"\"The Imaginarium of Doctor Parnassus\"\" cinematographer Nicola Pecorini, Ledger had talked with him about Johnny Depp's off-kilter portrayal of Jack Sparrow in \"\"\"\" in relation to \"\"The Dark Knight\"\", aiming to make a performance that would be \"\"so far out he'd be fired\"\". As Ledger was cast early in pre-production, Nolan explained that the actor had \"\"months and months\"\" to", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 36 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19866903", "chunk_text": "\"Hugo Blick\"\nHugo Blick Hugo Edgar Maxwell Blick (born 7 December 1964 in Henley-on-Thames, Oxfordshire), sometimes credited as Hugo E. Blick, is an English writer, producer, director and occasional actor. He has his own production company, called Eight Rooks. Blick studied in Cardiff at the Royal Welsh College of Music and Drama. He has acted in several films, appearing as a young Jack Napier, the character that would ultimately become the Joker in Tim Burton's \"\"Batman\"\" delivering the famous line \"\"\"\"Have you ever danced with the devil in the pale moon light?\"\"\"\" after having killed the Wayne couple and while at the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 37 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19075280", "chunk_text": "\"Joker (The Dark Knight)\"\non the \"\"clown\"\". Later, the Joker kills Gambol and takes over his gang. After learning that Batman has retrieved Lau, Maroni and the Chechen accept the Joker's offer. The Joker announces that people will die each day until Batman reveals his true identity, and makes good on his threat by assassinating Gotham Police Commissioner Gillian B. Loeb (Colin McFarlane) and mob trial Judge Janet Surillo (Nydia Rodriguez Terracina). When Gotham's district attorney, Harvey Dent (Aaron Eckhart), attempts to draw him out by identifying himself as Batman, the Joker tries to kidnap him, only to be arrested. Batman interrogates him after", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 38 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15126313", "chunk_text": "\"The Dark Knight (film)\"\nwas included in American Cinematographer's \"\"Best-Shot Film of 1998-2008\"\" list, ranking in the top 10. More than 17,000 people around the world participated in the final vote. In March 2011, the film was voted by BBC Radio 1 and BBC Radio 1Xtra listeners as their eight favorite film of all time. On the March 22, 2011 television special \"\"\"\", \"\"The Dark Knight\"\" was voted the second best action film while the Joker, as portrayed by Ledger, was voted the third greatest film character. In 2012, \"\"Total Film\"\" ranked \"\"The Dark Knight\"\" as the sixth most accomplished film of the past", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 39 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19075284", "chunk_text": "\"Joker (The Dark Knight)\"\nin \"\"The Dark Knight Rises\"\". Ledger's performance as the Joker has been acclaimed as one of the greatest movie villains of all time. As a starting actor, Heath Ledger did not attach himself seriously to the roles he was playing. This changed, however, when at age 22 he started to watch some of his films. Realizing that they were movies he himself might not actually have wanted to see, it made him more cautious and respectful towards his professional choices. The 2005 fantasy film \"\"The Brothers Grimm\"\" marked a turning point for the actor as director Terry Gilliam gave Ledger", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 40 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19075286", "chunk_text": "\"Joker (The Dark Knight)\"\nthere are other people who can perfectly, but I just couldn't take myself seriously.\"\" However, later impressed with \"\"Batman Begins\"\", Ledger sought the part of the Joker from Nolan. Impressed with Ledger's determination, Nolan cast him in the part. \"\"Heath was just ready to do it, he was ready to do something that big.\"\" Casting director John Papsidera reflected on the casting choice, saying the filmmakers knew they needed somebody courageous to play the part. Heath Ledger was cast before there was a script. Heath Ledger described the Joker as a \"\"psychopathic, mass murdering, schizophrenic clown with zero empathy\"\". Highlighting", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 41 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19075311", "chunk_text": "\"Joker (The Dark Knight)\"\nSupporting Role, and a Best Actor International Award at the 2008 Australian Film Institute Awards. \"\"I can only speak superlatives of Ledger, who is mad-crazy-brilliant as the Joker\"\", wrote Peter Travers of \"\"Rolling Stone\"\", stating that the film is deeper than its predecessor, with a \"\"deft\"\" script that refuses to scrutinize the Joker with popular psychology. Travers praised the cast, saying each brings his or her A' game\"\" to the film. Travers said Ledger moves the Joker away from Jack Nicholson's interpretation into darker territory, and expressed his support for any potential campaign to have Ledger nominated for an Academy", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 42 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20341944", "chunk_text": "\"The Dark Knight Rises\"\nThe Dark Knight Rises The Dark Knight Rises is a 2012 American-British superhero film directed by Christopher Nolan, who co-wrote the screenplay with his brother Jonathan Nolan, and the story with David S. Goyer. Featuring the DC Comics character Batman, the film is the final installment in Nolan's \"\"The Dark Knight Trilogy\"\", and the sequel to \"\"The Dark Knight\"\" (2008). Christian Bale reprises the lead role of Bruce Wayne/Batman, with a returning cast of allies: Michael Caine as Alfred Pennyworth, Gary Oldman as James Gordon, and Morgan Freeman as Lucius Fox. The film introduces Selina Kyle (Anne Hathaway) and Bane", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 43 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19075309", "chunk_text": "\"Joker (The Dark Knight)\"\nall.\"\" In his 2016 book \"\"The Caped Crusade: Batman and the Rise of Nerd Culture\"\", NPR contributor Glen Weldon recalled that fans were outraged over the choice of Ledger, due to his past roles in films such as \"\"Brokeback Mountain\"\" (2005). However, with the first trailer released in 2007, the film and its portrayal of the Joker received very positive response from audiences and entertainment industry professionals alike. Mexican filmmaker Guillermo del Toro gushed of his impression for Ledger's performance, finding it \"\"really, really edgy and scary\"\". American Batman writers Paul Dini and Jeph Loeb both chimed with the positive", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 44 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15126312", "chunk_text": "\"The Dark Knight (film)\"\nlist of the \"\"100 Greatest Movie Characters of All Time.\"\" In June 2010, the Joker was ranked number five on \"\"Entertainment Weekly\"\" \"\"100 Greatest Characters of the Last 20 Years.\"\" Heath Ledger's portrayal of the Joker ranked second on \"\"The Hollywood Reporter\"\"s list of Greatest Superhero Movie Performances of All Time, behind Hugh Jackman's performance as Wolverine. \"\"Paste\"\" magazine named it one of the 50 Best Movies of the Decade (2000–2009), ranking it at number 11. In 2016, \"\"Playboy\"\" ranked the film number five on its list of \"\"15 Sequels That Are Way Better Than The Originals\"\". \"\"The Dark Knight\"\"", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 45 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5374937", "chunk_text": "Batman\nits run as the second-highest domestic grossing film (at the time) with $533 million, bested then only by \"\"Titanic\"\". The film also won two Academy Awards, including Best Supporting Actor for the late Heath Ledger. It was eventually followed by \"\"The Dark Knight Rises\"\" (2012), which served as a conclusion to Nolan's film series. Since 2008, Batman has also starred in various direct-to-video animated films under the DC Universe Animated Original Movies banner. Kevin Conroy has reprised his voice role of Batman for several of these films, while others have featured celebrity voice actors in the role; including Jeremy Sisto,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 46 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8401932", "chunk_text": "\"David Dastmalchian\"\nschool. He is of Armenian, Persian, Italian, Irish and English descent. Prior to beginning his career as an actor, he suffered from a heroin addiction for five years before getting clean. He wrote about his experience in his screenplay, \"\"Animals\"\". Dastmalchian's feature film debut came in the late 2000s, as the Joker’s deranged henchman, Thomas Schiff, in Christopher Nolan's movie \"\"The Dark Knight\"\". His turn as Bob Taylor in Denis Villeneuve's \"\"Prisoners\"\" received strong reviews. Richard Corliss of \"\"Time\"\" called Dastmalchian's performance \"\"excellent - chatty, modest with some subtle telltale psychopathy\"\" and The Guardian's Paul MacInnes likened his introduction as", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 47 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12944070", "chunk_text": "\"Ben Mendelsohn\"\nBen Mendelsohn Paul Benjamin Mendelsohn (born 3 April 1969) is an Australian actor, who first rose to prominence in Australia for his role in \"\"The Year My Voice Broke\"\" (1987) and internationally for his role in the crime drama \"\"Animal Kingdom\"\" (2010). Since then he has had roles in films such as \"\"The Dark Knight Rises\"\" (2012), \"\"Starred Up\"\" (2013), \"\"Mississippi Grind\"\" (2015), \"\"Rogue One: A Star Wars Story\"\" (2016), \"\"Darkest Hour\"\" (2017) and Steven Spielberg's adaptation of \"\"Ready Player One\"\" (2018). In 2017, he joined the Marvel Cinematic Universe and is slated to appear in \"\"Captain Marvel\"\" (2019). Mendelsohn", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 48 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18173436", "chunk_text": "\"Anthony Ingruber\"\nAnthony Ingruber Anthony Ingruber (born 5 February 1990) is a Dutch/Australian actor, voice actor, and impressionist. Ingruber is best known for his role as John Doe/the Joker in \"\"\"\" and \"\"\"\" as well as a young Harrison Ford character in the film \"\"The Age of Adaline\"\". Anthony Ingruber was born on 5 February 1990 and grew up in Australia, New Zealand, Cyprus, the Netherlands and Canada. In Canada, Ingruber attended a drama school and used internet platforms like YouTube to publish his voice impressions. Since 2006, Ingruber has played supporting roles in different TV series. In 2008, he uploaded videos", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 49 } ]
test_3456	who validated the civil rights movement by proclaiming we shall overcome?	n/a	[ "President Lyndon Johnson", "Guy Carawan", "Lucille Simmons" ]	[]	n/a	n/a	n/a	[]	[ { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8400502", "chunk_text": "\"We Shall Overcome\"\nJoan Baez, led a crowd of 300,000 in singing \"\"We Shall Overcome\"\" at the Lincoln Memorial during A. Philip Randolph's March on Washington. President Lyndon Johnson, himself a Southerner, used the phrase \"\"we shall overcome\"\" in addressing Congress on March 15, 1965, in a speech delivered after the violent \"\"Bloody Sunday\"\" attacks on civil rights demonstrators during the Selma to Montgomery marches, thus legitimizing the protest movement. Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. recited the words from \"\"We Shall Overcome\"\" in his final sermon delivered in Memphis on Sunday, March 31, 1968, before his assassination. He had done so in a", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 0 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9683828", "chunk_text": "\"We Shall Overcome\"\nWe Shall Overcome \"\"We Shall Overcome\"\" is a gospel song which became a protest song and a key anthem of the Civil Rights Movement. The song is most commonly attributed as being lyrically descended from \"\"I'll Overcome Some Day\"\", a hymn by Charles Albert Tindley that was first published in 1900. The modern version of the song was first said to have been sung by tobacco workers led by Lucille Simmons during a 1945 strike in Charleston, South Carolina. In 1947, the song was published under the title \"\"We Will Overcome\"\" in an edition of the \"\"People's Songs Bulletin\"\" (a", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 1 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8400501", "chunk_text": "\"We Shall Overcome\"\nin jail in 1959–1960. Because of this, Carawan has been reluctant to claim credit for the song's widespread popularity. In the PBS video \"\"We Shall Overcome\"\", Julian Bond credits Carawan with teaching and singing the song at the founding meeting of the Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee in Raleigh, North Carolina, in 1960. From there, it spread orally and became an anthem of Southern African American labor union and civil rights activism. Seeger has also publicly, in concert, credited Carawan with the primary role of teaching and popularizing the song within the Civil Rights Movement. In August 1963, 22-year old folksinger", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 2 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11028795", "chunk_text": "\"Guy Carawan\"\nGuy Carawan Guy Hughes Carawan, Jr. (July 27, 1927 – May 2, 2015) was an American folk musician and musicologist. He served as music director and song leader for the Highlander Research and Education Center in New Market, Tennessee. Carawan is famous for introducing the protest song \"\"We Shall Overcome\"\" to the American Civil Rights Movement, by teaching it to the Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee (SNCC) in 1960. A union organizing song based on a black spiritual, it had been a favorite of Zilphia Horton (d. 1956) wife of the founder of the Highlander Folk School. Carawan reintroduced it at", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 3 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12074870", "chunk_text": "\"Council for United Civil Rights Leadership\"\nagreed to the CUCRL bargain, they gained access to the resources of the white power structure: As a result, the March did not threaten systemic racism: King announced in October 1963 that he was assigning all rights to the recording of his \"\"I Have a Dream\"\" speech to the Council. The Council subsequently released an official recording of speeches at the March, titled \"\"We Shall Overcome\"\". It includes speeches from King, Wilkins, Young, Rustin, Lewis, Randolph, Walter Reuther, and Joachim Prinz, as well as music from Joan Baez, Bob Dylan, Odetta, Marian Anderson, and Peter, Paul & Mary. This record", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 4 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8400500", "chunk_text": "\"We Shall Overcome\"\nsong. In 1957, Seeger sang for a Highlander audience that included Dr. Martin Luther King Jr., who remarked on the way to his next stop, in Kentucky, about how much the song had stuck with him. When, in 1959, Guy Carawan succeeded Horton as music director at Highlander, he reintroduced it at the school. It was the young (many of them teenagers) student-activists at Highlander, however, who gave the song the words and rhythms for which it is currently known, when they sang it to keep their spirits up during the frightening police raids on Highlander and their subsequent stays", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 5 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3190342", "chunk_text": "\"We Shall Overcome\"\nRights Movement from 1959, when Guy Carawan stepped in with his and Seeger's version as song leader at Highlander, which was then focused on nonviolent civil rights activism. It quickly became the movement's unofficial anthem. Seeger and other famous folksingers in the early 1960s, such as Joan Baez, sang the song at rallies, folk festivals, and concerts in the North and helped make it widely known. Since its rise to prominence, the song, and songs based on it, have been used in a variety of protests worldwide. The U.S. copyright of the \"\"People's Songs Bulletin\"\" issue which contained \"\"We Will", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 6 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12867201", "chunk_text": "\"Bloody Tuesday (1964)\"\nto lead the Civil Rights Movements in Tuscaloosa in 1964. He was an optimistic and determined leader and was able to get many people of all ages involved in the march, from young teenagers to adults. His meetings grew larger and more people began attending the Monday night mass, and with the growing number of attendees the citizens became more enthusiastic and would start to sing \"\"We Shall Overcome\"\", stomping and clapping their hands and feet. His aim, which was to take action for the denied requests, had been met and he was able to convince people about the importance", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 7 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9683906", "chunk_text": "\"Highlander Research and Education Center\"\nClark with assistance from Bernice Robinson spread widely throughout the South and helped thousands of Blacks register to vote. Later, the program was transferred to the Southern Christian Leadership Conference, because the state of Tennessee was threatening to close the school. The civil rights anthem, \"\"We Shall Overcome\"\", was adapted from a gospel song, by Highlander music director Zilphia Horton, wife of Myles Horton, from the singing of striking tobacco factory workers in South Carolina in 1946. Shortly afterward, it was published by folksinger Pete Seeger in the People's Songs bulletin. It was revived at Highlander by Guy Carawan, who", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 8 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19424674", "chunk_text": "\"The Long Haul (autobiography)\"\nhad begun in earnest. While the Citizenship School program was eventually passed off to the Southern Christian Leadership Conference under Martin Luther King, Jr., Highlander remained a nerve center of the Civil Rights Movement. Such luminaries as Fannie Lou Hamer, Ella Baker, Rosa Parks, James Bevel, and Bernard Lafayette participated in Highlander workshops. They talked strategy and studied tactics together, learning from the labor movement and forging their own way forward. Ideas cross-pollinated at Highlander; it's where the song \"\"We Shall Overcome\"\" moved from the labor movement to the Civil Rights Movement. The state of Tennessee ultimately shut down the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 9 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4798902", "chunk_text": "\"Benjamin Mays\"\nsigned by a U.S. president. The petition was sent once more in 2012 to U.S. President Barack Obama, yet failed to be awarded. Benjamin Mays Benjamin Elijah Mays (August 1, 1894 – March 28, 1984) was an American Baptist minister and civil rights leader who is credited with laying the intellectual foundations of the African-American civil rights movement. Mays taught and mentored many influential activists: Martin Luther King Jr, Julian Bond, Maynard Jackson, and Donn Clendenon, among others. His rhetoric and intellectual work focused on notions of nonviolence and civil resistance–beliefs inspired by the teachings of Mahatma Gandhi. The peak", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 10 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1352714", "chunk_text": "\"Voting Rights Act of 1965\"\nwhich became known as \"\"Bloody Sunday\"\", generated outrage across the country. In the wake of the events in Selma, President Johnson, addressing a televised joint session of Congress on March 15, called on legislators to enact expansive voting rights legislation. He concluded his speech with the words \"\"we shall overcome\"\", a major anthem of the Civil Rights Movement. The Voting Rights Act of 1965 was introduced in Congress two days later while civil rights leaders, now under the protection of federal troops, led a march of 25,000 people from Selma to Montgomery. The Voting Rights Act of 1965 was introduced", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 11 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3190365", "chunk_text": "\"We Shall Overcome\"\nTindley) in a symphony by American composer William Rowland. In 1999, National Public Radio included \"\"We Shall Overcome\"\" on the \"\"NPR 100\"\" list of most important American songs of the 20th century. As a reference to the line, on January 20, 2009, after the inauguration of Barack Obama as the 44th President of the United States, a man holding the banner, \"\"WE HAVE OVERCOME\"\" was seen near the Capitol, a day after hundreds of people posed with the sign on Martin Luther King Jr. day. As the attempted serial killer \"\"Lasermannen\"\" shot several immigrants around Stockholm in 1992, Prime Minister", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 12 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9683829", "chunk_text": "\"We Shall Overcome\"\npublication of People's Songs, an organization of which Pete Seeger was the director), as a contribution of and with an introduction by Zilphia Horton, then-music director of the Highlander Folk School of Monteagle, Tennessee (an adult education school that trained union organizers). Horton said she had learned the song from Simmons, and she considered it to be her favorite song. She taught it to many others, including Pete Seeger, who included it in his repertoire, as did many other activist singers, such as Frank Hamilton and Joe Glazer, who recorded it in 1950. The song became associated with the Civil", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 13 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11347266", "chunk_text": "\"Martin Luther King Jr.\"\nMartin Luther King Jr. Martin Luther King Jr. (January 15, 1929 – April 4, 1968) was an American Baptist minister and activist who became the most visible spokesperson and leader in the civil rights movement from 1954 until his death in 1968. Born in Atlanta, King is best known for advancing civil rights through nonviolence and civil disobedience, tactics his Christian beliefs and the nonviolent activism of Mahatma Gandhi helped inspire. King led the 1955 Montgomery bus boycott and in 1957 became the first president of the Southern Christian Leadership Conference (SCLC). With the SCLC, he led an unsuccessful 1962", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 14 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2499833", "chunk_text": "\"African-American history\"\nWilkins of the NAACP; Whitney Young, Jr., of the National Urban League; Martin Luther King, Jr., of the Southern Christian Leadership Conference (SCLC); James Farmer of the Congress on Racial Equality (CORE); and John Lewis of the Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee (SNCC). Also active behind the scenes and sharing the podium with Dr. King was Dorothy Height, head of the National Council of Negro Women. It was at this event, on the steps of the Lincoln Memorial, that King delivered his historic \"\"I Have a Dream\"\" speech. This march, the 1963 Birmingham Children's Crusade, and other events were credited with", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 15 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9239145", "chunk_text": "\"Benjamin Mays\"\nBenjamin Mays Benjamin Elijah Mays (August 1, 1894 – March 28, 1984) was an American Baptist minister and civil rights leader who is credited with laying the intellectual foundations of the African-American civil rights movement. Mays taught and mentored many influential activists: Martin Luther King Jr, Julian Bond, Maynard Jackson, and Donn Clendenon, among others. His rhetoric and intellectual work focused on notions of nonviolence and civil resistance–beliefs inspired by the teachings of Mahatma Gandhi. The peak of his public influence occurred during his almost thirty years as the 6th President of Morehouse College, a historically black institution of higher", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 16 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7578395", "chunk_text": "\"We Shall Overcome: Sacred Song On The Devil's Tongue\"\nWe Shall Overcome: Sacred Song On The Devil's Tongue We Shall Overcome: Sacred Song on the Devil's Tongue is a book by, Isaias Gamboa (music producer), a music producer, songwriter and arranger. The book discusses the history of the iconic freedom-song, \"\"We Shall Overcome\"\" and the biography of Louise Shropshire (1913-1993), who Gamboa asserts to be the \"\"original author\"\" of the song which became the anthem of the Civil Rights Movement. Louise Shropshire was a noted hymn-writer and close friend of the Reverend Doctor Martin Luther King Jr., Rev. Fred Shuttlesworth and Rev. Thomas A. Dorsey. Among other things, the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 17 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1010000", "chunk_text": "\"Civil Rights Cases\"\nAct of 1964. Black American plaintiffs, in five cases from lower courts, sued theaters, hotels and transit companies that refused to admit them, or had excluded them from \"\"white only\"\" facilities. The Civil Rights Act of 1875 had been passed by Congress and entitled everyone to access accommodation, public transport, and theatres regardless of race or color. This followed the American Civil War (1860–1865), President Abraham Lincoln's Emancipation Proclamation (1 January 1863) to end slavery, and the Fourteenth Amendment to the US Constitution (9 July 1868) which reads \"\"No State shall make or enforce any law which shall abridge the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 18 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1298302", "chunk_text": "\"Civil rights movement\"\nof inner-city riots in black communities undercut support from the white middle class, but increased support from private foundations. The emergence of the Black Power movement, which lasted from about 1965 to 1975, challenged the established black leadership for its cooperative attitude and its practice of nonviolence. Instead, its leaders demanded that, in addition to the new laws gained through the nonviolent movement, political and economic self-sufficiency had to be developed in the black community. Many popular representations of the movement are centered on the charismatic leadership and philosophy of the Rev. Martin Luther King Jr., who won the 1964", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 19 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14610793", "chunk_text": "\"The Freedom Singers\"\nshall overcome\"\". Other white folksingers, such as Guy Carawan, Joan Baez, Barbara Dane, took it up by way of showing solidarity with the growing movement and helping their audiences to identify with the struggles of the students in the south. Martin Luther King Jr. first heard it in the late 1950s. Other songs included \"\"Joshua Fit the Battle of Jericho\"\", a traditional spiritual about a man who brought down the city of Jericho against all odds, and \"\"Free at Last,\"\" quoted by King at the end of his \"\"I Have a Dream\"\" speech at the March on Washington: \"\"Free at", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 20 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4098246", "chunk_text": "\"Bayard Rustin\"\nBayard Rustin Bayard Rustin (; March 17, 1912 – August 24, 1987) was an American leader in social movements for civil rights, socialism, nonviolence, and gay rights. In the pacifist groups Fellowship of Reconciliation (FOR) and the War Resisters League (WRL), Rustin practiced nonviolence. A member of the Communist Party before 1941, he collaborated with A. Philip Randolph on the March on Washington Movement in 1941 to press for an end to discrimination in employment. He was a leading activist of the early Civil Rights Movement, helping to initiate a 1947 Freedom Ride to challenge, with civil disobedience, the racial", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 21 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8400496", "chunk_text": "\"We Shall Overcome\"\nthe gospel hymn, \"\"We'll Overcome (I'll Be All Right)\"\" to end each day's picketing. Union organizer Zilphia Horton, who was the wife of the co-founder of the Highlander Folk School (later Highlander Research and Education Center), said she learned it from Simmons. Horton was Highlander's music director during 1935–1956, and it became her custom to end group meetings each evening by leading this, her favorite song. During the presidential campaign of Henry A. Wallace, \"\"We Will Overcome\"\" was printed in \"\"Bulletin No. 3\"\" (September 1948), 8, of People's Songs, with an introduction by Horton saying that she had learned it", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 22 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12530900", "chunk_text": "Anti-racism\nand continuing into the 1960s, many African-American writers argued forcefully against racism. During the Civil Rights Movement, Jim Crow laws were repealed in the South and blacks finally re-won the right to vote in Southern states. Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. was an influential force, and his \"\"I Have a Dream\"\" speech is an exemplary condensation of his egalitarian ideology. Egalitarianism has been a catalyst for feminism, anti-war, and anti-imperialist movements. Henry David Thoreau's opposition to the Mexican–American War, for example, was based in part on his fear that the U.S. was using the war as an excuse to expand", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 23 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8190441", "chunk_text": "\"African Americans\"\ninequality. In the words of Martin Luther King, Jr., African Americans and their supporters challenged the nation to \"\"rise up and live out the true meaning of its creed that all men are created equal ...\"\" The civil rights movement marked an enormous change in American social, political, economic and civic life. It brought with it boycotts, sit-ins, nonviolent demonstrations and marches, court battles, bombings and other violence; prompted worldwide media coverage and intense public debate; forged enduring civic, economic and religious alliances; and disrupted and realigned the nation's two major political parties. Over time, it has changed in fundamental", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 24 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15189062", "chunk_text": "\"Martin Luther King Jr.\"\nwould be redesigned to depict various historical events that had occurred at the Lincoln Memorial. Among the planned designs are images from King's \"\"I Have a Dream\"\" speech and the 1939 concert by opera singer Marian Anderson. Martin Luther King Jr. Martin Luther King Jr. (January 15, 1929 – April 4, 1968) was an American Baptist minister and activist who became the most visible spokesperson and leader in the civil rights movement from 1954 until his death in 1968. Born in Atlanta, King is best known for advancing civil rights through nonviolence and civil disobedience, tactics his Christian beliefs and", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 25 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8400497", "chunk_text": "\"We Shall Overcome\"\nfrom the interracial FTA-CIO workers and had found it to be extremely powerful. Pete Seeger, a founding member of People's Songs and its director for three years, learned it from Horton's version in 1947. Seeger writes: \"\"I changed it to 'We shall'... I think I liked a more open sound; 'We will' has alliteration to it, but 'We shall' opens the mouth wider; the 'i' in 'will' is not an easy vowel to sing well [...].\"\" Seeger also added some verses (\"\"We'll walk hand in hand\"\" and \"\"The whole wide world around\"\"). In 1950, the CIO's Department of Education and", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 26 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14885395", "chunk_text": "\"Freedom songs\"\nFreedom songs Freedom Songs were songs sung by participants in the civil rights movement. They are also called \"\"civil rights anthems\"\" or, in the more hymn-like cases, \"\"civil rights hymns.\"\" Freedom songs were a way of life during the civil rights movement. The songs contained many meanings for all participants. Songs could embody sadness, happiness, joy, or determination among many other feelings. Freedom songs served as mechanism for unity among the black community during the movement. The songs also served as a means of communication among the participants when words just were not enough. The song \"\"We Shall Overcome\"\" quickly", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 27 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1298363", "chunk_text": "\"Civil rights movement\"\nand intrepid public champion of justice; Bob Moses, pioneer of voting registration in Mississippi; and James Bevel, a fiery preacher and charismatic organizer, strategist, and facilitator. Other prominent student activists included Charles McDew, Bernard Lafayette, Charles Jones, Lonnie King, Julian Bond, Hosea Williams, and Stokely Carmichael. After the Freedom Rides, local black leaders in Mississippi such as Amzie Moore, Aaron Henry, Medgar Evers, and others asked SNCC to help register black voters and to build community organizations that could win a share of political power in the state. Since Mississippi ratified its new constitution in 1890 with provisions such as", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 28 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8400503", "chunk_text": "\"We Shall Overcome\"\nsimilar sermon delivered in 1965 before an interfaith congregation at Temple Israel in Hollywood, California: \"\"We Shall Overcome\"\" was sung days later by over fifty thousand attendees at Dr. King's funeral. Farmworkers in the United States later sang the song in Spanish during the strikes and grape boycotts of the late 1960s. The song was notably sung by the U.S. Senator for New York Robert F. Kennedy, when he led anti-Apartheid crowds in choruses from the rooftop of his car while touring South Africa in 1966. It was also the song which Abie Nathan chose to broadcast as the anthem", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 29 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17576928", "chunk_text": "\"Civil rights movement (1865–1896)\"\nand the source of danger to civilized life.\"\" Booker T. Washington, the young college president from Alabama, became famous for his articulate challenges to the extremely negative stereotypes. According to his biographer Robert J. Norrell, Washington: Much of the black political leadership in this area came from the ministry, and from Union Civil War veterans. The white political leadership featured veterans and lawyers. Ambitious young black men had a difficult time becoming lawyers, with few exceptions such as James T. Rapier, Aaron Alpeoria Bradley and John Mercer Langston. The upper class among the black population was largely mulatto and had", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 30 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20889338", "chunk_text": "\"Civil rights movement (1896–1954)\"\nproved that they \"\"deserved\"\" it. Publicly, he accepted the continuation of Jim Crow and segregation in the short term, but privately helped to fund national court cases that challenged the laws. W. E. B. Du Bois and others in the black community rejected Washington's apology for segregation. One of his close associates, William Monroe Trotter, was arrested after challenging Washington when he came to deliver a speech in Boston in 1905. Later that year Du Bois and Trotter convened a meeting of black activists on the Canadian side of Niagara Falls. They issued a manifesto calling for universal manhood suffrage,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 31 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3190344", "chunk_text": "\"We Shall Overcome\"\nCharles Albert Tindley of Philadelphia that was first published in 1900. A noted minister of the Methodist Episcopal Church, Tindley was the author of approximately 50 gospel hymns, of which \"\"We'll Understand It By and By\"\" and \"\"Stand By Me\"\" are among the best known. The published text bore the epigraph, \"\"Ye shall overcome if ye faint not\"\", derived from Galatians 6:9: \"\"And let us not be weary in doing good, for in due season we shall reap, if we faint not.\"\" The first stanza began: Tindley's songs were written in an idiom rooted in African American folk traditions, using", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 32 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14451401", "chunk_text": "\"Joan Baez\"\nleave her Palo Alto High School classroom in Palo Alto, California, for an air raid drill. The early years of Baez's career saw the Civil Rights Movement in the U.S. become a prominent issue. Her performance of \"\"We Shall Overcome\"\", the civil rights anthem written by Pete Seeger and Guy Carawan, at the 1963 March on Washington for Jobs and Freedom permanently linked her to the song. Baez again sang \"\"We Shall Overcome\"\" in Sproul Plaza during the mid-1960s Free Speech Movement demonstrations at the University of California, Berkeley in Berkeley, California, and at many other rallies and protests. Her", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 33 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14289495", "chunk_text": "\"I Have a Dream\"\nI Have a Dream \"\"I Have a Dream\"\" is a public speech that was delivered by American civil rights activist Martin Luther King Jr. during the March on Washington for Jobs and Freedom on August 28, 1963, in which he called for civil and economic rights and an end to racism in the United States. Delivered to over 250,000 civil rights supporters from the steps of the Lincoln Memorial in Washington, D.C., the speech was a defining moment of the civil rights movement. Beginning with a reference to the Emancipation Proclamation, which freed millions of slaves in 1863, King said", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 34 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3350175", "chunk_text": "\"Pete Seeger\"\nByrds had a number one hit with \"\"Turn! Turn! Turn!\"\" in 1965. Seeger was one of the folk singers responsible for popularizing the spiritual \"\"We Shall Overcome\"\" (also recorded by Joan Baez and many other singer-activists) that became the acknowledged anthem of the Civil Rights Movement, soon after folk singer and activist Guy Carawan introduced it at the founding meeting of the Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee (SNCC) in 1960. In the PBS \"\"American Masters\"\" episode \"\"\"\", Seeger said it was he who changed the lyric from the traditional \"\"We will overcome\"\" to the more singable \"\"We shall overcome\"\". Seeger was", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 35 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14473240", "chunk_text": "\"Zilphia Horton\"\na glass of typewriter cleaning fluid containing carbon tetrachloride she mistook for water. She is best known for helping to rewrite the song \"\"We Shall Overcome\"\" into a secular civil rights anthem in 1946. Other musicians credited with transforming the song are Frank Hamilton, Guy Carawan, and Pete Seeger. Other songs she reworked were \"\"Keep Your Eyes on the Prize,\"\" \"\"We Shall Not Be Moved,\"\" and \"\"This Little Light of Mine.\"\" She collected hundreds of songs. Her papers are deposited in the Tennessee State Library and Archives in Nashville. Zilphia Horton Zilphia Horton (April 14, 1910 – April 11, 1956)", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 36 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14867111", "chunk_text": "\"We Shall Overcome: Sacred Song On The Devil's Tongue\"\nAfrican American union workers in the late 1940s from which \"\"prima facie\"\" and other evidence indicates \"\"We Shall Overcome\"\" was derived. The book concludes that the first and most important verse to We Shall Overcome; \"\"We Shall Overcome, We Shall Overcome, We Shall Overcome Someday, Oh Deep In My Heart, I Do Believe, We Shall Overcome Someday\"\", have never been legally owned by Pete Seeger or The Richmond Organization, Inc. and should reside in the public domain. Featuring more than 100 photographs, Gamboa's book also contextually explores African American religious culture, the historical attitudes of Black-exploitation, subjugation and racism in", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 37 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1579709", "chunk_text": "\"Silent Vigil at Duke University\"\naffiliated with AFL-CIO. However, the university administration still chose not to recognize Local 77 as a union or grant collective bargaining rights to its workers. While past Duke students ignored these problems, they were not to be overlooked by the students in the 1960s, many of whom grew up alongside the Civil Rights Movement. Martin Luther King inspired many students when he spoke of the national shift towards racial equality, proclaiming, \"\"And so I can still sing as we sing in our movement, all over the South and all over the nation, 'We Shall Overcome!'\"\" Later, during the Silent Vigil,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 38 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14893215", "chunk_text": "\"Message to the Grass Roots\"\nMessage to the Grass Roots \"\"Message to the Grass Roots\"\" is a public speech delivered by human rights activist Malcolm X. The speech was delivered on November 10, 1963, at the Northern Negro Grass Roots Leadership Conference, which was held at King Solomon Baptist Church in Detroit, Michigan. Malcolm X described the difference between the \"\"Black revolution\"\" and the \"\"Negro revolution\"\", he contrasted the \"\"house Negro\"\" and the \"\"field Negro\"\" during slavery and in the modern age, and he criticized the 1963 March on Washington. \"\"Message to the Grass Roots\"\" was ranked 91st in the top 100 American speeches of", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 39 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12629733", "chunk_text": "Moses\nin 1865 after the passage of the amendment to the Constitution outlawing slavery, Black Americans said they had lost \"\"their Moses\"\". Lincoln biographer Charles Carleton Coffin writes, \"\"The millions whom Abraham Lincoln delivered from slavery will ever liken him to Moses, the deliverer of Israel.\"\" Similarly, Harriet Tubman, who rescued approximately seventy enslaved family and friends, was also described as the \"\"Moses\"\" of her people. In the 1960s, a leading figure in the civil rights movement was Martin Luther King Jr., who was called \"\"a modern Moses,\"\" and often referred to Moses in his speeches: \"\"The struggle of Moses, the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 40 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10254813", "chunk_text": "\"Modern liberalism in the United States\"\nplatform. Black activists, most prominently Martin Luther King, escalated the bearer agitation throughout the South, especially in Birmingham, Alabama, where brutal police tactics outraged national television audiences. The civil rights movement climaxed in the \"\"March on Washington\"\" in August 1963, where King gave his dramatic \"\"I Have a Dream\"\" speech. The activism put civil rights at the very top of the liberal political agenda and facilitated passage of the decisive Civil Rights Act of 1964, which permanently ended segregation in the United States, and the Voting Rights Act of 1965, which guaranteed blacks the right to vote, with strong enforcement", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 41 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8400495", "chunk_text": "\"We Shall Overcome\"\nAll Right\"\". As Victor Bobetsky summarized in his 2015 book on the subject: \"\"'We Shall Overcome' owes its existence to many ancestors and to the constant change and adaptation that is typical of the folk music process.\"\" In October 1945 in Charleston, South Carolina, members of the Food, Tobacco, Agricultural, and Allied Workers union (FTA-CIO), who were mostly female and African American, began a five-month strike against the American Tobacco Company. To keep up their spirits during the cold, wet winter of 1945–1946, one of the strikers, a woman named Lucille Simmons, led a slow \"\"long meter style\"\" version of", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 42 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14007418", "chunk_text": "\"Malcolm X\"\nthe United States. He taught that Wallace Fard Muhammad, the founder of the Nation, was God incarnate, and that Elijah Muhammad was his Messenger, or Prophet. While the civil rights movement fought against racial segregation, MalcolmX advocated the complete separation of blacks from whites. The Nation of Islam proposed the establishment of a separate country for African Americans in the southern or southwestern United States as an interim measure until African Americans could return to Africa. MalcolmX suggested the United States government owed reparations to black people for the unpaid labor of their ancestors. He also rejected the civil rights", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 43 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12379500", "chunk_text": "\"J. McRee Elrod\"\nto catalogue the library at the Highlander Folk School, then located in Tennessee. This school was instrumental in the civil rights movement. Rosa Parks received training there prior to the Montgomery bus boycott, and the civil rights anthem, \"\"We Shall Overcome,\"\" was first popularized there. The Elrods moved from the United States to Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada in the summer of 1967 because of their strong opposition to the Vietnam War. Although Elrod was not subject to the draft, being, as he put it, \"\"too old and too flat-footed,\"\" The Elrods worked together with an informal network of anti-war activists,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 44 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9683737", "chunk_text": "\"Guy Carawan\"\nto lead the singing, and he closed the first evening with \"\"We Shall Overcome.\"\" The audience stood, linked hands and sang—and went away inspired, carrying the song to meetings and demonstrations across the South. According to his wife Candie, one of Guy's most important roles during the Civil Rights Movement—more so than introducing \"\"We Shall Overcome\"\" as a Freedom Song—was his desire to record and archive the evolution of the movement through song. Both Guy and Candie believe that the political usage of religious and folk music could shape movements and influence people to take action in social change, and", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 45 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18446988", "chunk_text": "\"Martin Luther King Jr. Memorial\"\nleader in the Civil Rights Movement, was an iconic figure in the advancement of civil rights in the United States and around the world, and advocated for using nonviolent resistance, inspired by Mahatma Gandhi. Although during his life he was monitored by the FBI for presumed communist sympathies, King is now presented as a heroic leader in the history of modern American liberalism. At the 1963 March on Washington for Jobs and Freedom, King imagined an end to racial inequality in his \"\"I Have a Dream\"\" speech. This speech has been canonized as one of the greatest pieces of American", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 46 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3190363", "chunk_text": "\"We Shall Overcome\"\nof the Voice of Peace radio station on October 1, 1993, and as a result it found its way back to South Africa in the later years of the Anti-Apartheid Movement. The Northern Ireland Civil Rights Association adopted \"\"we shall overcome\"\" as a slogan and used it in the title of its retrospective publication, \"\"We Shall Overcome – The History of the Struggle for Civil Rights in Northern Ireland 1968–1978\"\". The film \"\"Bloody Sunday\"\" depicts march leader and MP Ivan Cooper leading the song shortly before 1972's Bloody Sunday shootings. In 1997, the Christian men's ministry, Promise Keepers featured the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 47 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11807597", "chunk_text": "\"Emancipation Proclamation\"\nLincoln we keep is also the version we make. Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. made many references to the Emancipation Proclamation during the civil rights movement. These include a speech made at an observance of the hundredth anniversary of the issuing of the Proclamation made in New York City on September 12, 1962 where he placed it alongside the Declaration of Independence as an \"\"imperishable\"\" contribution to civilization, and \"\"All tyrants, past, present and future, are powerless to bury the truths in these declarations\"\". He lamented that despite a history where the United States \"\"proudly professed the basic principles inherent", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 48 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19965617", "chunk_text": "\"Funeral of Martin Luther King Jr.\"\nleader, were Jesse Jackson, who held the flag of the United Nations, now Congressman John Lewis, and Andrew Young who was at one time the Mayor of Atlanta and also Ambassador to the United Nations. The procession passed by the Georgia state capitol building. At the conclusion of the ceremony, the group sang \"\"We Shall Overcome\"\". The public and final service was held at Morehouse College, where King was eulogized by college president Benjamin Mays, who had given the benediction after King's \"\"I Have a Dream\"\" speech. Following the funeral, King's casket was loaded into a hearse for his final", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 49 } ]
test_3457	who developed a set of postulates to prove that specific microorganisms cause disease?	n/a	[ "Robert Koch", "Friedrich Loeffler" ]	[]	n/a	n/a	n/a	[]	[ { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13999267", "chunk_text": "\"Koch's postulates\"\nKoch's postulates Koch's postulates () are four criteria designed to establish a causative relationship between a microbe and a disease. The postulates were formulated by Robert Koch and Friedrich Loeffler in 1884, based on earlier concepts described by Jakob Henle, and refined and published by Koch in 1890. Koch applied the postulates to describe the etiology of cholera and tuberculosis, but they have been controversially generalized to other diseases. These postulates were generated prior to understanding of modern concepts in microbial pathogenesis that cannot be examined using Koch's postulates, including viruses (which are obligate cellular parasites) or asymptomatic carriers. They", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 0 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1017521", "chunk_text": "\"Koch's postulates\"\ninto account prion diseases, which have no nucleic acid sequences of their own. Koch's postulates Koch's postulates () are four criteria designed to establish a causative relationship between a microbe and a disease. The postulates were formulated by Robert Koch and Friedrich Loeffler in 1884, based on earlier concepts described by Jakob Henle, and refined and published by Koch in 1890. Koch applied the postulates to describe the etiology of cholera and tuberculosis, but they have been controversially generalized to other diseases. These postulates were generated prior to understanding of modern concepts in microbial pathogenesis that cannot be examined using", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 1 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7603746", "chunk_text": "\"Robert Koch\"\nRobert Koch Heinrich Hermann Robert Koch (; ; 11 December 1843 – 27 May 1910) was a German physician and microbiologist. As the founder of modern bacteriology, he identified the specific causative agents of tuberculosis, cholera, and anthrax and gave experimental support for the concept of infectious disease, which included experiments on humans and animals. Koch created and improved laboratory technologies and techniques in the field of microbiology, and made key discoveries in public health. His research led to the creation of Koch's postulates, a series of four generalized principles linking specific microorganisms to specific diseases that remain today the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 2 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12998343", "chunk_text": "Bacteria\nnot bacteria, but rather fungi.) Along with his contemporary Robert Koch, Pasteur was an early advocate of the germ theory of disease. Robert Koch, a pioneer in medical microbiology, worked on cholera, anthrax and tuberculosis. In his research into tuberculosis Koch finally proved the germ theory, for which he received a Nobel Prize in 1905. In \"\"Koch's postulates\"\", he set out criteria to test if an organism is the cause of a disease, and these postulates are still used today. Ferdinand Cohn is said to be a founder of bacteriology, studying bacteria from 1870. Cohn was the first to classify", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 3 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7314529", "chunk_text": "Microbiology\nspontaneous generation, thereby solidifying microbiology’s identity as a biological science. One of his students, Adrien Certes, is considered the founder of marine microbiology. Pasteur also designed methods for food preservation (pasteurization) and vaccines against several diseases such as anthrax, fowl cholera and rabies. Koch is best known for his contributions to the germ theory of disease, proving that specific diseases were caused by specific pathogenic micro-organisms. He developed a series of criteria that have become known as the Koch's postulates. Koch was one of the first scientists to focus on the isolation of bacteria in pure culture resulting in his", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 4 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11699939", "chunk_text": "\"Germ theory of disease\"\ndiscovered that another serious disease of silkworms, \"\"pébrine\"\", was caused by a small microscopic organism now known as \"\"Nosema bombycis\"\" (1870). Pasteur saved France's silk industry by developing a method to screen silkworms eggs for those that were not infected, a method that is still used today to control this and other silkworm diseases. Robert Koch is known for developing four basic criteria (known as Koch's postulates) for demonstrating, in a scientifically sound manner, that a disease is caused by a particular organism. These postulates grew out of his seminal work with anthrax using purified cultures of the pathogen that", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 5 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8548386", "chunk_text": "\"Stanley Falkow\"\nSeptember 2008, Falkow was one of five scientists awarded the prestigious Lasker Award for medical research. Stanley Falkow Stanley Falkow (January 24, 1934 – May 5, 2018) was an American microbiologist and a professor of microbiology and immunology at Stanford University School of Medicine. He discovered molecular mechanisms of infectious diseases, like antibiotic resistance and sounded the alarm for antibiotic-resistant bacteria. He championed the benefits of microorganisms. He formulated molecular Koch's postulates, which have guided the study of the microbial determinants of infectious diseases since the late 1980s. Falkow was born into a Yiddish-speaking household in Albany, New York. His", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 6 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15720631", "chunk_text": "\"Stanley Falkow\"\nStanley Falkow Stanley Falkow (January 24, 1934 – May 5, 2018) was an American microbiologist and a professor of microbiology and immunology at Stanford University School of Medicine. He discovered molecular mechanisms of infectious diseases, like antibiotic resistance and sounded the alarm for antibiotic-resistant bacteria. He championed the benefits of microorganisms. He formulated molecular Koch's postulates, which have guided the study of the microbial determinants of infectious diseases since the late 1980s. Falkow was born into a Yiddish-speaking household in Albany, New York. His father was a shoe salesman and had immigrated from Soviet Kiev, Ukraine. His mother came from", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 7 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11699940", "chunk_text": "\"Germ theory of disease\"\nhad been isolated from diseased animals. Koch's postulates were developed in the 19th century as general guidelines to identify pathogens that could be isolated with the techniques of the day. Even in Koch's time, it was recognized that some infectious agents were clearly responsible for disease even though they did not fulfill all of the postulates. Attempts to rigidly apply Koch's postulates to the diagnosis of viral diseases in the late 19th century, at a time when viruses could not be seen or isolated in culture, may have impeded the early development of the field of virology. Currently, a number", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 8 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14170011", "chunk_text": "\"Molecular Koch's postulates\"\nMolecular Koch's postulates Molecular Koch's postulates are a set of experimental criteria that must be satisfied to show that a gene found in a pathogenic microorganism encodes a product that contributes to the disease caused by the pathogen. Genes that satisfy molecular Koch's postulates are often referred to as virulence factors. The postulates were formulated by the microbiologist Stanley Falkow in 1988 and are based on Koch's postulates. The postulates as originally described by Dr. Falkow are as follows: For many pathogenic microorganisms, it is not currently possible to apply molecular Koch's postulates to a gene in question. Testing a", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 9 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11699941", "chunk_text": "\"Germ theory of disease\"\nof infectious agents are accepted as the cause of disease despite their not fulfilling all of Koch's postulates. Therefore, while Koch's postulates retain historical importance and continue to inform the approach to microbiologic diagnosis, fulfillment of all four postulates is not required to demonstrate causality. Koch's postulates have also influenced scientists who examine microbial pathogenesis from a molecular point of view. In the 1980s, a molecular version of Koch's postulates was developed to guide the identification of microbial genes encoding virulence factors. Koch's postulates: However, Koch abandoned the universalist requirement of the first postulate altogether when he discovered asymptomatic carriers", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 10 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12907937", "chunk_text": "Infection\nability of the host to resist the pathogen. However a host's immune system can also cause damage to the host itself in an attempt to control the infection. Clinicians therefore classify infectious microorganisms or microbes according to the status of host defenses - either as \"\"primary pathogens\"\" or as \"\"opportunistic pathogens\"\": One way of proving that a given disease is \"\"infectious\"\", is to satisfy Koch's postulates (first proposed by Robert Koch), which demands that the infectious agent be identified only in patients and not in healthy controls, and that patients who contract the agent also develop the disease. These postulates", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 11 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11699943", "chunk_text": "\"Germ theory of disease\"\nagent will acquire the infection. Noninfection may be due to such factors as general health and proper immune functioning; acquired immunity from previous exposure or vaccination; or genetic immunity, as with the resistance to malaria conferred by possessing at least one sickle cell allele. The second postulate may also be suspended for certain microorganisms or entities that cannot (at the present time) be grown in pure culture, such as prions responsible for Creutzfeldt–Jakob disease. In summary, a body of evidence that satisfies Koch's postulates is sufficient but not necessary to establish causation. In the 1870s, Joseph Lister was instrumental in", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 12 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11981103", "chunk_text": "\"Cause (medicine)\"\nof disease showed the influence of Galen and of Hippocrates. Medieval European doctors generally held the view that disease was related to the air and adopted a miasmatic approach to disease etiology. Etiological discovery in medicine has a history in Robert Koch's demonstration that the tubercle bacillus (\"\"Mycobacterium tuberculosis\"\" complex) causes the disease tuberculosis, \"\"Bacillus anthracis\"\" causes anthrax, and \"\"Vibrio cholerae\"\" causes cholera. This line of thinking and evidence is summarized in Koch's postulates. But proof of causation in infectious diseases is limited to individual cases that provide experimental evidence of etiology. In epidemiology, several lines of evidence together are", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 13 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13999271", "chunk_text": "\"Koch's postulates\"\nare not strictly a necessary condition of an organism being the infectious agent responsible for a disease. Koch's postulates were developed in the 19th century as general guidelines to identify pathogens that could be isolated with the techniques of the day. Even in Koch's time, it was recognized that some infectious agents were clearly responsible for disease even though they did not fulfill all of the postulates. Attempts to rigidly apply Koch's postulates to the diagnosis of viral diseases in the late 19th century, at a time when viruses could not be seen or isolated in culture, may have impeded", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 14 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3315410", "chunk_text": "\"Louis Pasteur\"\nLouis Pasteur Louis Pasteur (, ; December 27, 1822 – September 28, 1895) was a French biologist, microbiologist and chemist renowned for his discoveries of the principles of vaccination, microbial fermentation and pasteurization. He is remembered for his remarkable breakthroughs in the causes and prevention of diseases, and his discoveries have saved many lives ever since. He reduced mortality from puerperal fever, and created the first vaccines for rabies and anthrax. His medical discoveries provided direct support for the germ theory of disease and its application in clinical medicine. He is best known to the general public for his invention", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 15 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11366257", "chunk_text": "Microorganism\ndisease and these are now known as Koch's postulates. Although these postulates cannot be applied in all cases, they do retain historical importance to the development of scientific thought and are still being used today. The discovery of microorganisms such as \"\"Euglena\"\" that did not fit into either the animal or plant kingdoms, since they were photosynthetic like plants, but motile like animals, led to the naming of a third kingdom in the 1860s. In 1860 John Hogg called this the Protoctista, and in 1866 Ernst Haeckel named it the Protista. The work of Pasteur and Koch did not accurately", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 16 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1017518", "chunk_text": "\"Koch's postulates\"\ncausing cancers does not follow Koch's postulates. Koch’s postulates have played an important role in microbiology, yet they have major limitations. For example, Koch was well aware that in the case of cholera, the causal agent, \"\"Vibrio cholerae\"\", could be found in both sick and healthy people, invalidating his first postulate. Furthermore, viral diseases were not yet discovered when Koch formulated his postulates, and there are many viruses that do not cause illness in all infected individuals, a requirement of the first postulate. Additionally, it was known through experimentation that \"\"H. pylori\"\" caused mild inflammation of the gastric lining when", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 17 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19988196", "chunk_text": "Microbiology\nthe basic principles of virology, it was his development of enrichment culturing that had the most immediate impact on microbiology by allowing for the cultivation of a wide range of microbes with wildly different physiologies. Winogradsky was the first to develop the concept of chemolithotrophy and to thereby reveal the essential role played by micro-organisms in geochemical processes. He was responsible for the first isolation and description of both nitrifying and nitrogen-fixing bacteria. French-Canadian microbiologist Felix d'Herelle co-discovered bacteriophages in 1917 and was one of the earliest applied microbiologists. Joseph Lister was the first to use phenol disinfectant on the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 18 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7314528", "chunk_text": "Microbiology\nplague agent itself. The field of bacteriology (later a subdiscipline of microbiology) was founded in the 19th century by Ferdinand Cohn, a botanist whose studies on algae and photosynthetic bacteria led him to describe several bacteria including \"\"Bacillus\"\" and \"\"Beggiatoa\"\". Cohn was also the first to formulate a scheme for the taxonomic classification of bacteria, and to discover endospores. Louis Pasteur and Robert Koch were contemporaries of Cohn, and are often considered to be the father of microbiology and medical microbiology, respectively. Pasteur is most famous for his series of experiments designed to disprove the then widely held theory of", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 19 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2857689", "chunk_text": "\"Pathogenic bacteria\"\ncan be caused by bacteria such as \"\"Streptococcus\"\" and \"\"Pseudomonas\"\", and foodborne illnesses, which can be caused by bacteria such as \"\"Shigella\"\", \"\"Campylobacter\"\", and \"\"Salmonella\"\". Pathogenic bacteria also cause infections such as tetanus, typhoid fever, diphtheria, syphilis, and leprosy. Pathogenic bacteria are also the cause of high infant mortality rates in developing countries. Koch's postulates are the standard to establish a causative relationship between a microbe and a disease. Each species has specific effect and causes symptoms in people who are infected. Some, if not most people who are infected with a pathogenic bacteria do not have symptoms. Immuno-compromised individuals", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 20 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "574684", "chunk_text": "\"Medical microbiology\"\nsurgery safer for patients. In the years between 1876 and 1884 Robert Koch provided much insight into infectious diseases. He was one of the first scientists to focus on the isolation of bacteria in pure culture. This gave rise to the germ theory, a certain microorganism being responsible for a certain disease. He developed a series of criteria around this that have become known as the Koch's postulates. A major milestone in medical microbiology is the Gram stain. In 1884 Hans Christian Gram developed the method of staining bacteria to make them more visible and differentiable under a microscope. This", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 21 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15204667", "chunk_text": "Microorganism\nMicroorganism A microorganism, or microbe, is a microscopic organism, which may exist in its single-celled form or in a colony of cells. The possible existence of unseen microbial life was suspected from ancient times, such as in Jain scriptures from 6th century BC India and the 1st century BC book \"\"On Agriculture\"\" by Marcus Terentius Varro. Microbiology, the scientific study of microorganisms, began with their observation under the microscope in the 1670s by Antonie van Leeuwenhoek. In the 1850s, Louis Pasteur found that microorganisms caused food spoilage, debunking the theory of spontaneous generation. In the 1880s Robert Koch discovered that", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 22 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13570421", "chunk_text": "\"Germ theory of disease\"\nit worked or how to extend the principle to other diseases. Similar treatments had been prevalent in India from just before AD 1000. A transitional period began in the late 1850s with the work of Louis Pasteur. This work was later extended by Robert Koch in the 1880s. By the end of the 1880s the miasma theory was struggling to compete with the germ theory of disease. Eventually, a \"\"golden era\"\" of bacteriology ensued, during which the theory quickly led to the identification of the actual organisms that cause many diseases. Viruses were discovered in the 1890s. The miasma theory", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 23 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4540234", "chunk_text": "\"Causal inference\"\nand a disease may be suggestive of, but is not equivalent to causality because correlation does not imply causation. Historically, Koch's postulates have been used since the 19th century to decide if a microorganism was the cause of a disease. In the 20th century the Bradford Hill criteria, described in 1965 have been used to assess causality of variables outside microbiology, although even these criteria are not exclusive ways to determine causality. In molecular epidemiology the phenomena studied are on a molecular biology level, including genetics, where biomarkers are evidence of cause or effects. A recent trend is to identify", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 24 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7947393", "chunk_text": "Bacteriology\ndiscovery of the connection of microorganisms to disease can be dated back to the nineteenth century, when German physician Robert Koch introduced the science of microorganisms to the medical field. He identified bacteria as the cause of infectious diseases and process of fermentation in diseases. French Scientist Louis Pasteur developed techniques to produce vaccines. Both Koch and Pasteur played a role in improving antisepsis in medical treatment. This had an enormous positive effect on public health and gave a better understanding of the body and diseases. In 1870-1885 the modern methods of bacteriology technique were introduced by the use of", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 25 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16074949", "chunk_text": "Infection\nbeyond doubt that certain diseases are caused by infectious agents, and developed a vaccine for rabies. Robert Koch, provided the study of infectious diseases with a scientific basis known as Koch's postulates. Edward Jenner, Jonas Salk and Albert Sabin developed effective vaccines for smallpox and polio, which would later result in the eradication and near-eradication of these diseases, respectively. Alexander Fleming discovered the world's first antibiotic, Penicillin, which Florey and Chain then developed. Gerhard Domagk developed sulphonamides, the first broad spectrum synthetic antibacterial drugs. The medical treatment of infectious diseases falls into the medical field of Infectious Disease and in", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 26 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1015755", "chunk_text": "\"Edwin Klebs\"\nEdwin Klebs Theodor Albrecht Edwin Klebs (6 February 1834 – 23 October 1913) was a German-Swiss pathologist. He is mainly known for his work on infectious diseases. His works paved the way for the beginning of modern bacteriology, and inspired Louis Pasteur and Robert Koch. He was the first to identify a bacterium that causes diphtheria, which was called Klebs–Loeffler bacterium (now \"\"Corynebacterium diphtheriae\"\"). He was the father of physician Arnold Klebs. Klebs was born in Königsberg, Province of Prussia. He studied at the University of Würzburg under Rudolf Virchow in 1855 and received his doctorate at the University of", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 27 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13999268", "chunk_text": "\"Koch's postulates\"\nhave largely been supplanted by other criteria such as the Bradford Hill criteria for infectious disease causality in modern public health. Koch's postulates are the following: However, Koch abandoned the universalist requirement of the first postulate altogether when he discovered asymptomatic carriers of cholera and, later, of typhoid fever. Asymptomatic or subclinical infection carriers are now known to be a common feature of many infectious diseases, especially viruses such as polio, herpes simplex, HIV, and hepatitis C. As a specific example, all doctors and virologists agree that poliovirus causes paralysis in just a few infected subjects, and the success of", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 28 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11195585", "chunk_text": "\"History of medicine\"\nophthalmologist Georg Joseph Beer (1763–1821) \"\"Lehre von den Augenkrankheiten\"\" combined practical research and philosophical speculations, and became the standard reference work for decades. After 1871 Berlin, the capital of the new German Empire, became a leading center for medical research. Robert Koch (1843–1910) was a representative leader. He became famous for isolating \"\"Bacillus anthracis\"\" (1877), the \"\"Tuberculosis bacillus\"\" (1882) and \"\"Vibrio cholerae\"\" (1883) and for his development of Koch's postulates. He was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 1905 for his tuberculosis findings. Koch is one of the founders of microbiology, inspiring such major figures as Paul", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 29 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11699923", "chunk_text": "\"Germ theory of disease\"\nof contagion stating that specific 'animalculae' in the soil and the air were responsible for causing specific diseases. Von Plenciz noted the distinction between diseases which are both epidemic and contagious (like measles and dysentry), and diseases which are contagious but not epidemic (like rabies and leprosy). The book cites Anton van Leeuwenhoek to show how ubiquitous such animalculae are, and was unique for describing the presence of germs in ulcerating wounds. Ultimately, the theory espoused by von Plenciz was not accepted by the scientific community. The Italian Agostino Bassi was the first person to prove that a disease was", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 30 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13857648", "chunk_text": "\"Plaque hypotheses\"\nfavorable microbiota into a harmful one. Plaque hypotheses Plaque hypotheses are theories to explain the role of plaque bacteria in dental caries and in periodontitis. They rely heavily on the postulates of Koch (formulated in 1884) and on the work of Louis Pasteur (1822-1895). Changing perceptions have altered treatment models. The hypotheses have sought to establish both in caries and in periodontitis a relation between pathogen virulence, environmental considerations, plaque biofilm structure and the host response. The specific plaque hypothesis was the favoured opinion at the birth of microbiology in the late nineteenth century. It posited that there were some", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 31 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "376440", "chunk_text": "\"Agostino Bassi\"\nAgostino Bassi Agostino Bassi, sometimes called de Lodi (25 September 1773 – 8 February 1856), was an Italian entomologist. He preceded Louis Pasteur in the discovery that microorganisms can be the cause of disease (the germ theory of disease). He discovered that the muscardine disease of silkworms was caused by a living, very small, parasitic organism, a fungus that would be named eventually \"\"Beauveria bassiana\"\" in his honor. In 1844, he stated the idea that not only animal (insect), but also human diseases are caused by other living microorganisms; for example, measles, syphilis, and the plague. He was the son", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 32 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13999269", "chunk_text": "\"Koch's postulates\"\nthe polio vaccine in preventing disease supports the conviction that the poliovirus is the causative agent. The second postulate may also be suspended for certain microorganisms or entities that cannot (at the present time) be grown in pure culture. Viruses also require host cells to grow and reproduce and therefore cannot be grown in pure cultures. The third postulate specifies \"\"should\"\", not \"\"must\"\", because as Koch himself proved in regard to both tuberculosis and cholera, not all organisms exposed to an infectious agent will acquire the infection. Noninfection may be due to such factors as general health and proper immune", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 33 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7314522", "chunk_text": "Microbiology\nmolecular biology tools such as DNA sequence based identification, for example 16s rRNA gene sequence used for bacteria identification. Viruses have been variably classified as organisms, as they have been considered either as very simple microorganisms or very complex molecules. Prions, never considered as microorganisms, have been investigated by virologists, however, as the clinical effects traced to them were originally presumed due to chronic viral infections, and virologists took search—discovering \"\"infectious proteins\"\". The existence of microorganisms was predicted many centuries before they were first observed, for example by the Jains in India and by Marcus Terentius Varro in ancient Rome.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 34 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13857637", "chunk_text": "\"Plaque hypotheses\"\nPlaque hypotheses Plaque hypotheses are theories to explain the role of plaque bacteria in dental caries and in periodontitis. They rely heavily on the postulates of Koch (formulated in 1884) and on the work of Louis Pasteur (1822-1895). Changing perceptions have altered treatment models. The hypotheses have sought to establish both in caries and in periodontitis a relation between pathogen virulence, environmental considerations, plaque biofilm structure and the host response. The specific plaque hypothesis was the favoured opinion at the birth of microbiology in the late nineteenth century. It posited that there were some specific pathogenic bacteria among the biome", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 35 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11699922", "chunk_text": "\"Germ theory of disease\"\nend caring for the sick. Searching for a cure, Kircher observed microorganisms under the microscope and invented the germ theory of disease, which he outlined in his \"\"Scrutinium pestis physico-medicum\"\" (Rome 1658). Building on Leeuwenhoek's work, physician Nicolas Andry argued in 1700 that microorganisms he called \"\"worms\"\" were responsible for smallpox and other diseases. In 1720, Richard Bradley theorised that the plague and 'all pestilential distempers' were caused by 'poisonous insects', living creatures viewable only with the help of microscopes. In 1762, the Austrian physician Marcus Antonius von Plenciz (1705-1786) published a book titled \"\"Opera medico-physica\"\". It outlined a theory", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 36 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8736799", "chunk_text": "\"Alice Catherine Evans\"\nAlice Catherine Evans Alice Catherine Evans (January 29, 1881 – September 5, 1975) was a pioneering American microbiologist. She became a researcher at the US Department of Agriculture. There she investigated bacteriology in milk and cheese. She later demonstrated that \"\"Bacillus abortus\"\" caused the disease Brucellosis (undulant fever or Malta fever) in both cattle and humans. Evans was born on a farm in Neath, Bradford County, Pennsylvania to William Howell, a farmer and surveyor, and Anne B. Evans, a teacher. When Evans was five and six years old, she was taught at home by her parents and attended a one-room", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 37 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11327118", "chunk_text": "\"Louis Pasteur\"\nwere reinterred in the Pasteur Institute in Paris, in a vault covered in depictions of his accomplishments in Byzantine mosaics. Pasteur's principal published works are: The complete work of Pasteur, BNF (Bibliothèque nationale de France) Louis Pasteur Louis Pasteur (, ; December 27, 1822 – September 28, 1895) was a French biologist, microbiologist and chemist renowned for his discoveries of the principles of vaccination, microbial fermentation and pasteurization. He is remembered for his remarkable breakthroughs in the causes and prevention of diseases, and his discoveries have saved many lives ever since. He reduced mortality from puerperal fever, and created the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 38 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4478841", "chunk_text": "\"Victor Babeș\"\nVictor Babeș Victor Babeș (; 28 July 1854 in Vienna – 19 October 1926 in Bucharest) was a Romanian physician, bacteriologist, academician and professor. One of the founders of modern microbiology, Victor Babeș is author of one of the first treatises of bacteriology in the world – \"\"Bacteria and their role in pathological anatomy and histology of infectious diseases\"\", written in collaboration with French scientist V. A. Cornil in 1885. In 1888, Babeș underlies the principle of passive immunity, and a few years later enunciates the principle of antibiosis. He made early and significant contributions to the study of rabies,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 39 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19988195", "chunk_text": "Microbiology\ndescription of several novel bacteria including \"\"Mycobacterium tuberculosis\"\", the causative agent of tuberculosis. While Pasteur and Koch are often considered the founders of microbiology, their work did not accurately reflect the true diversity of the microbial world because of their exclusive focus on micro-organisms having direct medical relevance. It was not until the late 19th century and the work of Martinus Beijerinck and Sergei Winogradsky that the true breadth of microbiology was revealed. Beijerinck made two major contributions to microbiology: the discovery of viruses and the development of enrichment culture techniques. While his work on the tobacco mosaic virus established", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 40 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15204674", "chunk_text": "Microorganism\na curved tube so dust particles would settle and not come in contact with the broth. By boiling the broth beforehand, Pasteur ensured that no microorganisms survived within the broths at the beginning of his experiment. Nothing grew in the broths in the course of Pasteur's experiment. This meant that the living organisms that grew in such broths came from outside, as spores on dust, rather than spontaneously generated within the broth. Thus, Pasteur dealt the death blow to the theory of spontaneous generation and supported the germ theory of disease. In 1876, Robert Koch (1843–1910) established that microorganisms can", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 41 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9967221", "chunk_text": "Bacteria\nbacteria based on their morphology. Though it was known in the nineteenth century that bacteria are the cause of many diseases, no effective antibacterial treatments were available. In 1910, Paul Ehrlich developed the first antibiotic, by changing dyes that selectively stained \"\"Treponema pallidum\"\"—the spirochaete that causes syphilis—into compounds that selectively killed the pathogen. Ehrlich had been awarded a 1908 Nobel Prize for his work on immunology, and pioneered the use of stains to detect and identify bacteria, with his work being the basis of the Gram stain and the Ziehl–Neelsen stain. A major step forward in the study of bacteria", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 42 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13369282", "chunk_text": "\"Alice Catherine Evans\"\na stroke at the age of 94 and died on September 5, 1975. Her tombstone reads, \"\"The gentle hunter, having pursued and tamed her quarry, crossed over to a new home\"\". Alice Catherine Evans Alice Catherine Evans (January 29, 1881 – September 5, 1975) was a pioneering American microbiologist. She became a researcher at the US Department of Agriculture. There she investigated bacteriology in milk and cheese. She later demonstrated that \"\"Bacillus abortus\"\" caused the disease Brucellosis (undulant fever or Malta fever) in both cattle and humans. Evans was born on a farm in Neath, Bradford County, Pennsylvania to William", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 43 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13570444", "chunk_text": "\"Germ theory of disease\"\nthe soil. After the cholera epidemic had subsided, government officials replaced the handle on the Broad Street pump. They had responded only to the urgent threat posed to the population, and afterward they rejected Snow's theory. To accept his proposal would have meant accepting the fecal-oral method transmission of disease, which they dismissed. The more formal experiments on the relationship between germ and disease were conducted by Louis Pasteur between the year 1860 and 1864. He discovered the pathology of the puerperal fever and the pyogenic vibrio in the blood, and suggested using boric acid to kill these microorganisms before", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 44 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7603754", "chunk_text": "\"Robert Koch\"\nand observed them through a microscope. His work with anthrax is notable in that he was the first to link a specific microorganism with a specific disease, rejecting the idea of spontaneous generation and supporting the germ theory of disease. During his time as the government advisor with the Imperial Department of Health in Berlin in the 1880s, Robert Koch became interested in tuberculosis research. At the time, it was widely believed that tuberculosis was an inherited disease. However, Koch was convinced that the disease was caused by a bacterium and was infectious, and tested his four postulates using guinea", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 45 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8638591", "chunk_text": "\"History of medicine\"\nis remembered for his remarkable breakthroughs in the causes and preventions of diseases. His discoveries reduced mortality from puerperal fever, and he created the first vaccines for rabies and anthrax. His experiments supported the germ theory of disease. He was best known to the general public for inventing a method to treat milk and wine in order to prevent it from causing sickness, a process that came to be called pasteurization. He is regarded as one of the three main founders of microbiology, together with Ferdinand Cohn and Robert Koch. He worked chiefly in Paris and in 1887 founded the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 46 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "574683", "chunk_text": "\"Medical microbiology\"\nvan Leeuwenhoek observed bacteria and other microorganisms, using a single-lens microscope of his own design. In 1796, Edward Jenner developed a method using cowpox to successfully immunize a child against smallpox. The same principles are used for developing vaccines today. Following on from this, in 1857 Louis Pasteur also designed vaccines against several diseases such as anthrax, fowl cholera and rabies as well as pasteurization for food preservation. In 1867 Joseph Lister is considered to be the father of antiseptic surgery. By sterilizing the instruments with diluted carbolic acid and using it to clean wounds, post-operative infections were reduced, making", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 47 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7314527", "chunk_text": "Microbiology\nwas among the first to design magic lanterns for projection purposes, so he must have been well acquainted with the properties of lenses. He wrote \"\"Concerning the wonderful structure of things in nature, investigated by Microscope\"\" in 1646, stating \"\"who would believe that vinegar and milk abound with an innumerable multitude of worms.\"\" He also noted that putrid material is full of innumerable creeping animalcules. He published his \"\"Scrutinium Pestis\"\" (Examination of the Plague) in 1658, stating correctly that the disease was caused by microbes, though what he saw was most likely red or white blood cells rather than the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 48 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "159944", "chunk_text": "\"Friedrich Gustav Jakob Henle\"\nin the kidney. Other anatomical and pathological findings associated with his name are: Henle developed the concepts of contagium vivum and contagium animatum, respectively (\"\"Von den Miasmen und Kontagien\"\", 1840) – thereby following ideas of Girolamo Fracastoro and the work of Agostino Bassi; thus co-founding the theory of microorganisms as the cause of infective diseases. He did not find a special species of bacteria himself – this was achieved by his student Robert Koch. Those two put up the fundamental rules of cleanly defining disease-causing microbes: the Henle Koch postulates. In 1870, he was elected a foreign member of the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 49 } ]
test_3458	what is the common name for gravitational force?	n/a	[ "Gravity", "Gravity, or gravitation" ]	[]	n/a	n/a	n/a	[]	[ { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12977477", "chunk_text": "\"Gravitational constant\"\nGravitational constant The gravitational constant (also known as the \"\"universal gravitational constant\"\", the \"\"Newtonian constant of gravitation\"\", or the \"\"Cavendish gravitational constant\"\"), denoted by the letter , is an empirical physical constant involved in the calculation of gravitational effects in Sir Isaac Newton's law of universal gravitation and in Albert Einstein's general theory of relativity. In Newton's law, it is the proportionality constant connecting the gravitational force between two bodies with the product of their masses and the inverse square of their distance. In the Einstein field equations, it quantifies the relation between the geometry of spacetime and the energy–momentum", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 0 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6838571", "chunk_text": "\"Gravitational constant\"\nby less than one part in ten billion per year over the last nine billion years according to Mould et al. (2014). Gravitational constant The gravitational constant (also known as the \"\"universal gravitational constant\"\", the \"\"Newtonian constant of gravitation\"\", or the \"\"Cavendish gravitational constant\"\"), denoted by the letter , is an empirical physical constant involved in the calculation of gravitational effects in Sir Isaac Newton's law of universal gravitation and in Albert Einstein's general theory of relativity. In Newton's law, it is the proportionality constant connecting the gravitational force between two bodies with the product of their masses and the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 1 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "200329", "chunk_text": "G-force\nG-force The gravitational force, or more commonly, g-force, is a measurement of the type of acceleration that causes a perception of weight. Despite the name, it is incorrect to consider g-force a fundamental force, as \"\"g-force\"\" is a type of acceleration that can be measured with an accelerometer. Since g-force accelerations indirectly produce weight, any g-force can be described as a \"\"weight per unit mass\"\" (see the synonym specific weight). When the g-force acceleration is produced by the surface of one object being pushed by the surface of another object, the reaction force to this push produces an equal and", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 2 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6838553", "chunk_text": "\"Gravitational constant\"\nlonger be taken as holding precisely. The quantity —the product of the gravitational constant and the mass of a given astronomical body such as the Sun or Earth—is known as the standard gravitational parameter and (also denoted ). The standard gravitational parameter appears as above in Newton's law of universal gravitation, as well as in formulas for the deflection of light caused by gravitational lensing, in Kepler's laws of planetary motion, and in the formula for escape velocity. This quantity gives a convenient simplification of various gravity-related formulas. For the Sun, is known to ten digits' accuracy, ; for the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 3 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12977479", "chunk_text": "\"Gravitational constant\"\nconstant of proportionality, , is the gravitational constant. Colloquially, the gravitational constant is also called \"\"Big G\"\", for disambiguation with \"\"small g\"\" (), which is the local gravitational field of Earth (equivalent to the free-fall acceleration). The two quantities are related by (where is the mass of the Earth and is the radius of the Earth). In the general theory of relativity, the Einstein field equations, Newton's constant appears in the proportionality between the spacetime curvature and the energy density component of the stress–energy tensor. The scaled gravitational constant (depending on the choice of definition of the stress–energy tensor it", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 4 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12977480", "chunk_text": "\"Gravitational constant\"\ncan also be normalized as ) is also known as Einstein's constant. The gravitational constant is a physical constant that is difficult to measure with high accuracy. This is because the gravitational force is extremely weak as compared to other fundamental forces. In SI units, the 2014 CODATA-recommended value of the gravitational constant (with standard uncertainty in parentheses) is: This corresponds to a relative standard uncertainty of (46 ppm). The dimensions assigned to the gravitational constant are force times length squared divided by mass squared; this is equivalent to length cubed, divided by mass and by time squared: In SI", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 5 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6853901", "chunk_text": "Gravity\nGravity Gravity (), or gravitation, is a natural phenomenon by which all things with mass or energy—including planets, stars, galaxies, and even light—are brought toward (or \"\"gravitate\"\" toward) one another. On Earth, gravity gives weight to physical objects, and the Moon's gravity causes the ocean tides. The gravitational attraction of the original gaseous matter present in the Universe caused it to begin coalescing, forming starsand for the stars to group together into galaxiesso gravity is responsible for many of the large-scale structures in the Universe. Gravity has an infinite range, although its effects become increasingly weaker on farther objects. Gravity", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 6 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18618337", "chunk_text": "Gravimetry\nGravimetry Gravimetry is the measurement of the strength of a gravitational field. Gravimetry may be used when either the magnitude of gravitational field or the properties of matter responsible for its creation are of interest. Gravity is usually measured in units of acceleration. In the SI system of units, the standard unit of acceleration is 1 metre per second squared (abbreviated as m/s). Other units include the gal (sometimes known as a \"\"galileo\"\", in either case with symbol Gal), which equals 1 centimetre per second squared, and the \"\"g\"\" (\"\"g\"\"), equal to 9.80665 m/s. The value of the \"\"g\"\" approximately", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 7 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6757457", "chunk_text": "\"Gravitational field\"\nGravitational field In physics, a gravitational field is a model used to explain the influence that a massive body extends into the space around itself, producing a force on another massive body. Thus, a gravitational field is used to explain gravitational phenomena, and is measured in newtons per kilogram (N/kg). In its original concept, gravity was a force between point masses. Following Isaac Newton, Pierre-Simon Laplace attempted to model gravity as some kind of radiation field or fluid, and since the 19th century explanations for gravity have usually been taught in terms of a field model, rather than a point", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 8 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10027048", "chunk_text": "Kilogram-force\nKilogram-force The kilogram-force (kgf or kg), or kilopond (kp, from Latin \"\"pondus\"\" meaning \"\"weight\"\"), is a gravitational metric unit of force. It is equal to the magnitude of the force exerted on one kilogram of mass in a gravitational field (standard gravity, a conventional value approximating the average magnitude of gravity on Earth). Therefore, one kilogram-force is by definition equal to . Similarly, a gram-force is , and a milligram-force is . One kilogram-force is approximately 2.204622 pound-force. Kilogram-force is a non-standard unit and is classified in SI Metric System as a unit that is unacceptable for use with SI.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 9 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9732122", "chunk_text": "Force\nIts space-time trajectory is almost a straight line, slightly curved (with the radius of curvature of the order of few light-years). The time derivative of the changing momentum of the object is what we label as \"\"gravitational force\"\". The electrostatic force was first described in 1784 by Coulomb as a force that existed intrinsically between two charges. The properties of the electrostatic force were that it varied as an inverse square law directed in the radial direction, was both attractive and repulsive (there was intrinsic polarity), was independent of the mass of the charged objects, and followed the superposition principle.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 10 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5622810", "chunk_text": "\"Tidal force\"\nTidal force The tidal force is an apparent force that stretches a body towards and away from the center of mass of another body due to a gradient (difference in strength) in gravitational field from the other body; it is responsible for diverse phenomena, including tides, tidal locking, breaking apart of celestial bodies and formation of ring systems within Roche limit, and in extreme cases, spaghettification of objects. It arises because the gravitational field exerted on one body by another is not constant across its parts: the nearest side is attracted more strongly than the farthest side. It is this", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 11 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10556240", "chunk_text": "\"Fifth force\"\nFifth force In physics, there are four conventionally accepted fundamental forces or interactions that form the basis of all known interactions in nature: gravitational, electromagnetic, strong nuclear, and weak nuclear forces. Some speculative theories have proposed a fifth force to explain various anomalous observations that do not fit existing theories. The characteristics of this fifth force depend on the theory being advanced. Many postulate a force roughly the strength of gravity (i.e. it is much weaker than electromagnetism or the nuclear forces) with a range of anywhere from less than a millimeter to cosmological scales. Another proposal is a new", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 12 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15274052", "chunk_text": "Orbit\nnamely where \"\"F\"\" is the force acting on the mass \"\"m\"\" caused by the gravitational attraction mass \"\"m\"\" has for \"\"m\"\", \"\"G\"\" is the universal gravitational constant, and \"\"r\"\" is the distance between the two masses centers. From Newton's Second Law, the summation of the forces acting on \"\"m\"\" related to that bodies acceleration: where \"\"A\"\" is the acceleration of \"\"m\"\" caused by the force of gravitational attraction \"\"F\"\" of \"\"m\"\" acting on \"\"m\"\". Combining Eq 1 and 2: Solving for the acceleration, \"\"A\"\": where formula_5 is the standard gravitational parameter, in this case formula_6. It is understood that the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 13 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11046482", "chunk_text": "Force\nmore random conditions as entropy increases. The SI unit of force is the newton (symbol N), which is the force required to accelerate a one kilogram mass at a rate of one meter per second squared, or . The corresponding CGS unit is the dyne, the force required to accelerate a one gram mass by one centimeter per second squared, or . A newton is thus equal to 100,000 dynes. The gravitational foot-pound-second English unit of force is the pound-force (lbf), defined as the force exerted by gravity on a pound-mass in the standard gravitational field of . The pound-force", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 14 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18934682", "chunk_text": "\"Static forces and virtual-particle exchange\"\nby the gravitational field and the Coulomb force is mediated by the electromagnetic field. The gravitational force on a mass formula_1 exerted by another mass formula_2 is where \"\"G\"\" is the gravitational constant, r is the distance between the masses, and formula_4 is the unit vector from mass formula_2 to mass formula_1. The force can also be written where formula_8 is the gravitational field described by the field equation where formula_10 is the mass density at each point in space. The electrostatic Coulomb force on a charge formula_11 exerted by a charge formula_12 is (SI units) where formula_14 is the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 15 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6757458", "chunk_text": "\"Gravitational field\"\nattraction. In a field model, rather than two particles attracting each other, the particles distort spacetime via their mass, and this distortion is what is perceived and measured as a \"\"force\"\". In such a model one states that matter moves in certain ways in response to the curvature of spacetime, and that there is either \"\"no gravitational force\"\", or that gravity is a fictitious force. In classical mechanics as in physics, a gravitational field is a physical quantity. A gravitational field can be defined using Newton's law of universal gravitation. Determined in this way, the gravitational field around a single", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 16 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5240657", "chunk_text": "\"Einstein's constant\"\nEinstein's constant Einstein's constant or Einstein's gravitational constant, denoted (kappa), is the coupling constant appearing in the Einstein field equation which can be written: where is the Einstein tensor and is the stress–energy tensor. This equation relates to the curvature of space and time, telling that stress–energy is what causes the disturbance of spacetime, thus gravitation. Einstein used Newton's law of universal gravitation in his field equations, and the constant of κ is directly proportional to Newton's gravitational constant : The above is for the stress-energy tensor in units of mass density (i.e., mass per volume). Writing Einstein's constant depends", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 17 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12949005", "chunk_text": "\"Pound (force)\"\nPound (force) The pound of force or pound-force (symbol: lbf, sometimes lb,) is a unit of force or weight used in some systems of measurement including English Engineering units and the British Gravitational System. Pound-force should not be confused with foot-pound, a unit of energy, or pound-foot, a unit of torque, that may be written as \"\"lbf⋅ft\"\"; nor should these be be confused with pound-mass (symbol: lb), often simply called \"\"pound,\"\" which is a unit of mass. The pound-force is equal to the gravitational force exerted on a mass of one avoirdupois pound on the surface of Earth. Since the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 18 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6757459", "chunk_text": "\"Gravitational field\"\nparticle of mass is a vector field consisting at every point of a vector pointing directly towards the particle. The magnitude of the field at every point is calculated applying the universal law, and represents the force per unit mass on any object at that point in space. Because the force field is conservative, there is a scalar potential energy per unit mass, , at each point in space associated with the force fields; this is called gravitational potential. The gravitational field equation is where is the gravitational force, is the mass of the test particle, is the position of", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 19 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14809699", "chunk_text": "Force\ncross-sectional area (the off-diagonal elements). The stress tensor accounts for forces that cause all strains (deformations) including also tensile stresses and compressions. There are forces that are frame dependent, meaning that they appear due to the adoption of non-Newtonian (that is, non-inertial) reference frames. Such forces include the centrifugal force and the Coriolis force. These forces are considered fictitious because they do not exist in frames of reference that are not accelerating. Because these forces are not genuine they are also referred to as \"\"pseudo forces\"\". In general relativity, gravity becomes a fictitious force that arises in situations where spacetime", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 20 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6224129", "chunk_text": "\"Gravitational acceleration\"\nEinstein's theory, masses distort spacetime in their vicinity, and other particles move in trajectories determined by the geometry of spacetime. The gravitational force is a fictitious force. There is no gravitational acceleration, in that the proper acceleration and hence four-acceleration of objects in free fall are zero. Rather than undergoing an acceleration, objects in free fall travel along straight lines (geodesics) on the curved spacetime. Gravitational acceleration In physics, gravitational acceleration is the acceleration on an object caused by the force of gravitation. Neglecting friction such as air resistance, all small bodies accelerate in a gravitational field at the same", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 21 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4528004", "chunk_text": "\"Body force\"\nis an infinitesimal volume element, \"\"ρ\"\" is the mass density, and g is the \"\"external body force density field\"\" acting on the system. Like any other force, a body force will cause an object to accelerate. For a non-rigid object, Newton's second law applied to a small volume element is where \"\"ρ\"\"(r) is the mass density of the substance, ƒ the force density, and a(r) all at point r. In the case of gravity on a planet surface, g(r) is simply the approximately constant and uniform gravitational field, like on Earth where: Body force A body force is a force", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 22 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16142723", "chunk_text": "Gravity\nto the product of their masses and inversely proportional to the square of the distance between them. Gravity is the weakest of the four fundamental forces of physics, approximately 10 times weaker than the strong force, 10 times weaker than the electromagnetic force and 10 times weaker than the weak force. As a consequence, it has no significant influence at the level of subatomic particles. In contrast, it is the dominant force at the macroscopic scale, and is the cause of the formation, shape and trajectory (orbit) of astronomical bodies. For example, gravity causes the Earth and the other planets", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 23 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16507937", "chunk_text": "\"Standard gravitational parameter\"\nStandard gravitational parameter In celestial mechanics, the standard gravitational parameter \"\"μ\"\" of a celestial body is the product of the gravitational constant \"\"G\"\" and the mass \"\"M\"\" of the body. For several objects in the Solar System, the value of \"\"μ\"\" is known to greater accuracy than either \"\"G\"\" or \"\"M\"\". The SI units of the standard gravitational parameter are . However, units of are frequently used in the scientific literature and in spacecraft navigation. The central body in an orbital system can be defined as the one whose mass (\"\"M\"\") is much larger than the mass of the orbiting", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 24 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16602646", "chunk_text": "\"Gravitational metric system\"\nGravitational metric system The gravitational metric system (original French term ) is a non-standard system of units, which does not comply with the International System of Units (SI). It is built on the three base quantities length, time and force with base units metre, second and kilopond respectively. Internationally used abbreviations of the system are MKpS, MKfS or MKS (from French or ). However, the abbreviation MKS is also used for the MKS system of units, which, like the SI, uses mass in kilogram as a base unit. Nowadays, the mass as a property of an object and its weight,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 25 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15660826", "chunk_text": "Force\nin space, and can be considered to be an artifact of the potential field in the same way that the direction and amount of a flow of water can be considered to be an artifact of the contour map of the elevation of an area. Conservative forces include gravity, the electromagnetic force, and the spring force. Each of these forces has models that are dependent on a position often given as a radial vector formula_76 emanating from spherically symmetric potentials. Examples of this follow: For gravity: where formula_96 is the gravitational constant, and formula_97 is the mass of object \"\"n\"\".", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 26 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17074454", "chunk_text": "\"Body force\"\nBody force A body force is a force that acts throughout the volume of a body. Forces due to gravity, electric fields and magnetic fields are examples of body forces. Body forces contrast with contact forces or surface forces which are exerted to the surface of an object. Normal forces and shear forces between objects are surface forces as they are exerted to the surface of an object. All cohesive surface attraction and contact forces between objects are also considered as surface forces. Fictitious forces such as the centrifugal force, Euler force, and the Coriolis effect are also examples of", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 27 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14775395", "chunk_text": "Graviphoton\nGraviphoton In theoretical physics, a graviphoton or gravivector is a hypothetical particle which emerges as an excitation of the metric tensor (i.e. gravitational field) in spacetime dimensions higher than four, as described in Kaluza–Klein theory. However, its crucial physical properties are analogous to a (massive) photon: it induces a \"\"vector force\"\", sometimes dubbed a \"\"fifth force\"\". The electromagnetic potential formula_1 emerges from an extra component of the metric tensor formula_2, where the figure 5 labels an additional, fifth dimension. In gravity theories with extended supersymmetry (extended supergravities), a graviphoton is normally a superpartner of the graviton that behaves like a", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 28 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14809678", "chunk_text": "Force\nhowever no such planet could be found. When Albert Einstein formulated his theory of general relativity (GR) he turned his attention to the problem of Mercury's orbit and found that his theory added a correction, which could account for the discrepancy. This was the first time that Newton's Theory of Gravity had been shown to be inexact. Since then, general relativity has been acknowledged as the theory that best explains gravity. In GR, gravitation is not viewed as a force, but rather, objects moving freely in gravitational fields travel under their own inertia in straight lines through curved space-time –", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 29 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6224119", "chunk_text": "\"Gravitational acceleration\"\nGravitational acceleration In physics, gravitational acceleration is the acceleration on an object caused by the force of gravitation. Neglecting friction such as air resistance, all small bodies accelerate in a gravitational field at the same rate relative to the center of mass. This equality is true regardless of the masses or compositions of the bodies. At different points on Earth, objects fall with an acceleration between and depending on altitude and latitude, with a conventional standard value of exactly 9.80665 m/s (approximately 32.174 ft/s). This does not take into account other effects, such as buoyancy or drag. Newton's law of", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 30 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1253935", "chunk_text": "\"Planck force\"\nPlanck force Planck force is the derived unit of force resulting from the definition of the base Planck units for time, length, and mass. It is equal to the natural unit of momentum divided by the natural unit of time. The Planck force is also associated with the equivalence of gravitational potential energy and electromagnetic energy and in this context it can be understood as the force that confines a self-gravitating mass to half its Schwarzschild radius: where \"\"G\"\" is the gravitational constant, \"\"c\"\" is the speed of light, \"\"m\"\" is any mass and \"\"r\"\" is half the Schwarzschild radius,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 31 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16081867", "chunk_text": "\"Gravitational coupling constant\"\nGravitational coupling constant In physics, a gravitational coupling constant is a constant characterizing the gravitational attraction between a given pair of elementary particles. The electron mass is typically used, and the associated constant typically denoted . It is a dimensionless quantity, with the result that its numerical value does not vary with the choice of units of measurement, only with the choice of particle. is typically defined in terms of the gravitational attraction between two electrons. More precisely, where: In Planck units, where , the expression becomes the square of the electron mass This shows that the gravitational coupling constant", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 32 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15660752", "chunk_text": "Force\npredicted the action of forces on objects with increasing momenta near the speed of light, and also provided insight into the forces produced by gravitation and inertia. With modern insights into quantum mechanics and technology that can accelerate particles close to the speed of light, particle physics has devised a Standard Model to describe forces between particles smaller than atoms. The Standard Model predicts that exchanged particles called gauge bosons are the fundamental means by which forces are emitted and absorbed. Only four main interactions are known: in order of decreasing strength, they are: strong, electromagnetic, weak, and gravitational. High-energy", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 33 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16142725", "chunk_text": "Gravity\nquantum mechanics, a quantum gravity theory, which would allow gravity to be united in a common mathematical framework (a theory of everything) with the other three forces of physics, are a current area of research. Aryabhata first identified the force to explain why objects do not fall when the earth rotates, Brahmagupta described gravity as an attractive force and used the term \"\"gruhtvaakarshan\"\" for gravity. Modern work on gravitational theory began with the work of Galileo Galilei in the late 16th and early 17th centuries. In his famous (though possibly apocryphal) experiment dropping balls from the Tower of Pisa, and", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 34 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "200367", "chunk_text": "G-force\naxes if it is dropped or otherwise put into a ballistic trajectory (also known as an inertial trajectory), so that it experiences \"\"free fall,\"\" as do astronauts in orbit (astronauts experience small tidal accelerations called microgravity, which are neglected for the sake of discussion here). Some amusement park rides can provide several seconds at near-zero g. Riding NASA's \"\"Vomit Comet\"\" provides near-zero g for about 25 seconds at a time. G-force The gravitational force, or more commonly, g-force, is a measurement of the type of acceleration that causes a perception of weight. Despite the name, it is incorrect to consider", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 35 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20834111", "chunk_text": "\"Gravitational potential\"\nGravitational potential In classical mechanics, the gravitational potential at a location is equal to the work (energy transferred) per unit mass that would be needed to move the object from a fixed reference location to the location of the object. It is analogous to the electric potential with mass playing the role of charge. The reference location, where the potential is zero, is by convention infinitely far away from any mass, resulting in a negative potential at any finite distance. In mathematics, the gravitational potential is also known as the Newtonian potential and is fundamental in the study of potential", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 36 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5240667", "chunk_text": "\"Einstein's constant\"\nthe dimensionless gravitational coupling constant, variation in which would not necessarily amount to violation of the conservation of four-momentum. Einstein's constant Einstein's constant or Einstein's gravitational constant, denoted (kappa), is the coupling constant appearing in the Einstein field equation which can be written: where is the Einstein tensor and is the stress–energy tensor. This equation relates to the curvature of space and time, telling that stress–energy is what causes the disturbance of spacetime, thus gravitation. Einstein used Newton's law of universal gravitation in his field equations, and the constant of κ is directly proportional to Newton's gravitational constant : The", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 37 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11807892", "chunk_text": "Electromagnetism\nunits are the most common today, and in fact the phrase \"\"CGS units\"\" is often used to refer specifically to CGS-Gaussian units. Electromagnetism Electromagnetism is a branch of physics involving the study of the electromagnetic force, a type of physical interaction that occurs between electrically charged particles. The electromagnetic force usually exhibits electromagnetic fields such as electric fields, magnetic fields, and light, and is one of the four fundamental interactions (commonly called forces) in nature. The other three fundamental interactions are the strong interaction, the weak interaction, and gravitation. At high energy the weak force and electromagnetic force are unified", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 38 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6757464", "chunk_text": "\"Gravitational field\"\nof gravity while standing still on the Earth's surface. In general the gravitational fields predicted by general relativity differ in their effects only slightly from those predicted by classical mechanics, but there are a number of easily verifiable differences, one of the most well known being the bending of light in such fields. Gravitational field In physics, a gravitational field is a model used to explain the influence that a massive body extends into the space around itself, producing a force on another massive body. Thus, a gravitational field is used to explain gravitational phenomena, and is measured in newtons", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 39 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11493439", "chunk_text": "\"Gravitational energy\"\npotential energy, formula_3 is the mass of the object accelerating, formula_4 is the acceleration of the object, and formula_5 is the distance between the bodies. Note that this formula treats the potential energy as a positive quantity. In classical mechanics, two or more masses always have a gravitational potential. Conservation of energy requires that this gravitational field energy is always negative. The gravitational potential energy is the potential energy an object has because it is within a gravitational field. The force one point mass formula_6 exerts onto another point mass formula_3 is given by Newton's law of gravitation: formula_8 To", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 40 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2754443", "chunk_text": "\"Electric field\"\nformula_54; for instance, Coulomb's law is linear in charge density as well. This principle is useful to calculate the field created by multiple point charges. If charges formula_55 are stationary in space at formula_56, in the absence of currents, the superposition principle proves that the resulting field is the sum of fields generated by each particle as described by Coulomb's law: This suggests similarities between the electric field E and the gravitational field g, or their associated potentials. Mass is sometimes called \"\"gravitational charge\"\" because of that similarity. Electrostatic and gravitational forces both are central, conservative and obey an inverse-square", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 41 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12908470", "chunk_text": "\"Physical geodesy\"\nthe \"\"gravity\"\" field, and formula_8 that of the centrifugal force field. The centrifugal force -- per unit of mass, i.e., acceleration -- is given by where is the vector pointing to the point considered straight from the Earth's rotational axis. It can be shown that this pseudo-force field, in a reference frame co-rotating with the Earth, has a potential associated with it that looks like this: This can be verified by taking the gradient (formula_12) operator of this expression. Here, formula_13, formula_14 and formula_15 are geocentric coordinates. Gravity is commonly measured in units of m·s (metres per second squared). This", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 42 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11099010", "chunk_text": "Graviton\ninteraction by gluons, and the weak interaction by the W and Z bosons. All three of these forces appear to be accurately described by the standard model of particle physics. A hypothesis is that gravitational interactions are mediated by an as yet undiscovered elementary particle, dubbed the \"\"graviton\"\". In the classical limit, the theory would reduce to general relativity, which itself reduces to Newton's law of gravitation in the weak-field limit. The term graviton was originally coined in 1934 by Soviet physicists Dmitrii Blokhintsev and F. Gal'perin. When describing graviton interactions, the classical theory of Feynman diagrams, and semiclassical corrections", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 43 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11046288", "chunk_text": "\"Fundamental interaction\"\nFundamental interaction In physics, the fundamental interactions, also known as fundamental forces, are the interactions that do not appear to be reducible to more basic interactions. There are four fundamental interactions known to exist: the gravitational and electromagnetic interactions, which produce significant long-range forces whose effects can be seen directly in everyday life, and the strong and weak interactions, which produce forces at minuscule, subatomic distances and govern nuclear interactions. Some scientists speculate that a fifth force might exist, but this is not widely accepted nor proven. Each of the known fundamental interactions can be described mathematically as a \"\"field\"\".", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 44 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10539877", "chunk_text": "\"History of gravitational theory\"\nHistory of gravitational theory In physics, theories of gravitation postulate mechanisms of interaction governing the movements of bodies with mass. There have been numerous theories of gravitation since ancient times. In the 4th century BC, the Greek philosopher Aristotle believed that there is no effect or motion without a cause. The cause of the downward motion of heavy bodies, such as the element earth, was related to their nature, which caused them to move downward toward the center of the universe, which was their natural place. Conversely, light bodies such as the element fire, move by their nature upward toward", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 45 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1758886", "chunk_text": "\"Mass versus weight\"\nof Units (SI), the kilogram is the basic unit of mass, and the newton is the basic unit of force. The non-SI kilogram-force is also a unit of force typically used in the measure of weight. Similarly, the avoirdupois pound, used in both the Imperial system and U.S. customary units, is a unit of mass, and its related unit of force is the pound-force. When an object's weight (its gravitational force) is expressed in \"\"kilograms\"\", this actually refers to the kilogram-force (kgf or kg-f), also known as the \"\"kilopond\"\" (kp), which is a non-SI unit of force. All objects on", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 46 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20834114", "chunk_text": "\"Gravitational potential\"\na point mass of mass \"\"M\"\" can be defined as the work \"\"W\"\" that needs to be done by an external agent to bring the unit mass in from infinity to that point: where \"\"G\"\" is the gravitational constant, and F is the gravitational force. The potential has units of energy per unit mass, e.g., J/kg in the MKS system. By convention, it is always negative where it is defined, and as \"\"x\"\" tends to infinity, it approaches zero. The gravitational field, and thus the acceleration of a small body in the space around the massive object, is the negative", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 47 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16413247", "chunk_text": "Geopotential\nGeopotential Geopotential is the potential of the Earth's gravity field. For convenience it is often defined as the \"\"negative\"\" of the potential energy per unit mass, so that the gravity vector is obtained as the gradient of this potential, without the negation. For geophysical applications, gravity is distinguished from gravitation. Gravity is defined as the resultant of gravitation and the centrifugal force caused by the Earth's rotation. The global mean sea surface is close to one of the equipotential surfaces of the geopotential of gravity formula_1. This equipotential surface, or surface of constant geopotential, is called the geoid. The geoid", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 48 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1202048", "chunk_text": "\"Gravitational coupling constant\"\nelectron mass (in natural units) determines the relative strengths of electromagnetic and gravitational interaction between two electrons. Because where is the Planck time, is related to , the Compton angular frequency of the electron. Gravitational coupling constant In physics, a gravitational coupling constant is a constant characterizing the gravitational attraction between a given pair of elementary particles. The electron mass is typically used, and the associated constant typically denoted . It is a dimensionless quantity, with the result that its numerical value does not vary with the choice of units of measurement, only with the choice of particle. is typically", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 49 } ]
test_3459	region of antarctica where march of the penguins filmed?	n/a	[ "Dumont d'Urville in Adélie Land", "Dumont d'Urville Station", "Adélie Land" ]	[]	n/a	n/a	n/a	[]	[ { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11277201", "chunk_text": "\"Adélie Land\"\nStation are transported by a combined convoy of up to 7 Caterpillar tractors from Cap Prud'Homme , with Kassbohrer trailblazers and a team of up to 9 people; each convoy transports an average of 150 tons of payload. The Dumont d'Urville research station was the filming location of the documentary \"\"March of the Penguins\"\" (2005). Adélie Land Adélie Land (\"\"French: Terre Adélie\"\") is a claimed territory on the continent of Antarctica. It stretches from a coastline area along the Great Southern Ocean inland all the way to the South Pole. France administrate it as one of five districts of the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 0 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10745434", "chunk_text": "\"March of the Penguins\"\nsurvive, both parents must make multiple arduous journeys between the ocean and the breeding grounds over the ensuing months. It took one year for the two isolated cinematographers Laurent Chalet and Jérôme Maison to shoot the documentary, which was shot around the French scientific base of Dumont d'Urville in Adélie Land. \"\"March of the Penguins\"\" was released in France on January 26, 2005 and in the United States by Warner Independent Pictures on June 24, 2005. The documentary won the 2006 Academy Award for Best Documentary Feature. The documentary had a 2007 follow-up movie, \"\"Arctic Tale\"\", which only took in", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 1 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10745433", "chunk_text": "\"March of the Penguins\"\nMarch of the Penguins March of the Penguins (French La Marche de l'empereur ; ) is a 2005 French feature-length nature documentary directed and co-written by Luc Jacquet, and co-produced by Bonne Pioche and the National Geographic Society. The documentary depicts the yearly journey of the emperor penguins of Antarctica. In autumn, all the penguins of breeding age (five years old and over) leave the ocean, which is their normal habitat, to walk inland to their ancestral breeding grounds. There, the penguins participate in a courtship that, if successful, results in the hatching of a chick. For the chick to", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 2 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4645201", "chunk_text": "\"Dumont d'Urville Station\"\nand strong katabatic winds often prevent landings, either by boat or by helicopter. The station can accommodate about 30 winter-overs and 120 during the summer. The icebreaker ship \"\"L'Astrolabe\"\" carries supplies and personnel to the station from the port of Hobart, Tasmania. It does 5 round-trips between November and March. The Academy Award-winning documentary film \"\"La Marche de l'empereur\"\", released in English as \"\"March of the Penguins\"\", was filmed in the region around this base. One of the main interests of the base is the study of wildlife, notably the emperor penguins. In the summer, the rocks near the base", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 3 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10745441", "chunk_text": "\"March of the Penguins\"\nmelts and the distance to the sea decreases, until finally the parents can leave the chicks to fend for themselves. The DVD version includes a 54-minute film entitled \"\"Of Penguins and Men\"\" made by the film crew Laurent Chalet and Jérôme Mason about the filming of \"\"March of the Penguins\"\". Director and film crew spent more than 13 months at the Dumont d'Urville Station, where the Institut polaire français Paul-Émile Victor is based. Although the penguins' meeting place, one of four in Antarctica, was known to be near, the day on which it occurs is not known, so they had", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 4 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20251639", "chunk_text": "\"Adam Leipzig\"\nSenior Creative Adviser. He also serves on the advisory board of the philanthropic social media platform and app, Pixhug. In 2005, when he was at National Geographic, Leipzig was responsible for \"\"March of the Penguins\"\" getting North American distribution; the film was a major box office success, made $77 million domestically and over $133 million worldwide to become the second-highest grossing documentary of all time and won the Academy Award for Best Documentary. Leipzig became aware of the film when it was being shot in Antarctica and negotiated with the film’s U.S. distributor Warner Independent, to purchase the film at", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 5 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "266868", "chunk_text": "Antarctica\npenguins, seals and tardigrades. Vegetation, where it occurs, is tundra. Although myths and speculation about a \"\"Terra Australis\"\" (\"\"Southern Land\"\") date back to antiquity, Antarctica is noted as the last region on Earth in recorded history to be discovered, unseen until 1820 when the Russian expedition of Fabian Gottlieb von Bellingshausen and Mikhail Lazarev on \"\"Vostok\"\" and \"\"Mirny\"\" sighted the Fimbul ice shelf. The continent, however, remained largely neglected for the rest of the 19th century because of its hostile environment, lack of easily accessible resources, and isolation. In 1895, the first confirmed landing was conducted by a team of", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 6 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10191794", "chunk_text": "\"Polar regions of Earth\"\nStation is the largest research station in Antarctica, run by the United States. Other notable stations include Palmer Station and Amundsen–Scott South Pole Station (United States), Esperanza Base and Marambio Base (Argentina), Scott Base (New Zealand), and Vostok Station (Russia). While there are no indigenous human cultures, there is a complex ecosystem, especially along Antarctica's coastal zones. Coastal upwelling provides abundant nutrients which feeds krill, a type of marine crustacea, which in turn feeds a complex of living creatures from penguins to blue whales. Polar regions of Earth The polar regions, also called the frigid zones, of Earth are the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 7 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10835733", "chunk_text": "\"Antarctica: A Year on Ice\"\nAntarctica: A Year on Ice Antarctica: A Year on Ice is the first feature film by New Zealand filmmaker Anthony B. Powell. This documentary is set in Antarctica, specifically in the Ross Island region, which is home to two research bases: United States' McMurdo Station and New Zealand's Scott Base. It chronicles a year of time spent living and working at these remote stations; the summer season (October to February) when the sun shines 24 hours a day and the long dark winter (February to October) where the sun goes down for four long months and darkness envelopes the environment.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 8 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10745442", "chunk_text": "\"March of the Penguins\"\nto be ready every day. Fortunately, the gathering that year was huge – more than 1,200 penguins, compared with the norm of a few hundred. For cameras to operate at −40°, they had to use film and to load all the film for the day, as it was impossible to reload outside. Because of the isolation from any film studios, remembering each shot was necessary to ensure continuity and to make sure that all the necessary sequences were finished. The main challenge of making the documentary was the weather with temperatures between −50 and −60°C (−58 and −76°F). At dawn,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 9 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14349452", "chunk_text": "\"West Antarctica\"\nWest Antarctica West Antarctica, or Lesser Antarctica, one of the two major regions of Antarctica, is the part of that continent that lies within the Western Hemisphere, and includes the Antarctic Peninsula. It is separated from East Antarctica by the Transantarctic Mountains and is covered by the West Antarctic Ice Sheet. It lies between the Ross Sea (partly covered by the Ross Ice Shelf), and the Weddell Sea (largely covered by the Filchner-Ronne Ice Shelf). It may be considered a giant peninsula stretching from the South Pole towards the tip of South America. West Antarctica is largely covered by the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 10 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18941807", "chunk_text": "\"Antarctic Peninsula\"\nland by pack ice. Separating the peninsula from nearby islands are the Antarctic Sound, Erebus and Terror Gulf, George VI Sound, Gerlache Strait and the Lemaire Channel. The Lemaire Channel is a popular destination for tourist cruise ships that visit Antarctica. Further to the west lies the Bellingshausen Sea and in the north is the Scotia Sea. The Antarctic Peninsula and Cape Horn create a funneling effect, which channels the winds into the relatively narrow Drake Passage. Hope Bay, at , is near the northern extremity of the peninsula, Prime Head, at 63°13′S. Near the tip at Hope Bay is", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 11 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7728094", "chunk_text": "\"West Antarctica\"\nMarielandia Antarctic tundra (after Marie Byrd Land). This area has the warmest climate in Antarctica and the moss and lichen-covered rocks are free of snow during the summer months, although the weather is still intensely cold and the growing season very short. West Antarctica West Antarctica, or Lesser Antarctica, one of the two major regions of Antarctica, is the part of that continent that lies within the Western Hemisphere, and includes the Antarctic Peninsula. It is separated from East Antarctica by the Transantarctic Mountains and is covered by the West Antarctic Ice Sheet. It lies between the Ross Sea (partly", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 12 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15425246", "chunk_text": "\"Escarpada Point\"\nEscarpada Point Escarpada Point, also known as Craggy Point (\"\"escarpada\"\" is Spanish for \"\"craggy\"\"), is the rocky, rugged south-west point of Clarence Island in the South Shetland Islands of Antarctica. The descriptive name was given in the course of Argentine government visits in 1953–1954. The point has been identified as an Important Bird Area (IBA) by BirdLife International because it supports, as well as a large breeding colony of about 10,000 pairs of chinstrap penguins, some 3000 pairs of macaroni penguins and at least 10,000 pairs of southern fulmars. The point lies 6 km south-west of Chinstrap Cove, another IBA.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 13 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4014629", "chunk_text": "\"Escarpada Point\"\nEscarpada Point Escarpada Point, also known as Craggy Point (\"\"escarpada\"\" is Spanish for \"\"craggy\"\"), is the rocky, rugged south-west point of Clarence Island in the South Shetland Islands of Antarctica. The descriptive name was given in the course of Argentine government visits in 1953–1954. The point has been identified as an Important Bird Area (IBA) by BirdLife International because it supports, as well as a large breeding colony of about 10,000 pairs of chinstrap penguins, some 3000 pairs of macaroni penguins and at least 10,000 pairs of southern fulmars. The point lies 6 km south-west of Chinstrap Cove, another IBA.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 14 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "727654", "chunk_text": "\"Antarctic Peninsula\"\nAntarctic Peninsula The Antarctic Peninsula is the northernmost part of the mainland of Antarctica, located at the base of the Southern Hemisphere. At the surface, it is the biggest, most prominent peninsula in Antarctica as it extends from a line between Cape Adams (Weddell Sea) and a point on the mainland south of Eklund Islands. Beneath the ice sheet which covers it, the Antarctic Peninsula consists of a string of bedrock islands; these are separated by deep channels whose bottoms lie at depths considerably below current sea level. They are joined together by a grounded ice sheet. Tierra del Fuego,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 15 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16273902", "chunk_text": "\"Cape Shirreff\"\nPeninsula, which is protected by the Convention on the Conservation of Antarctic Marine Living Resources Ecosystem Monitoring Programme and requires a permit to enter. It is 24 km north-east of Essex Point, 34 km west-south-west of Williams Point and 21 km north-west of Siddins Point. Lying also 809 km south-south-east of Cape Horn, Cape Shirreff is the locality in the Antarctic Treaty area that is closest to a non-Antarctic territory. The cape has been identified as an Important Bird Area (IBA) by BirdLife International because it supports a large breeding colony of up to about 10,000 pairs of chinstrap penguins.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 16 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9127497", "chunk_text": "Antarctic\nAntarctic The Antarctic (US English , UK English or and or ) is a polar region around the Earth's South Pole, opposite the Arctic region around the North Pole. The Antarctic comprises the continent of Antarctica, the Kerguelen Plateau and other island territories located on the Antarctic Plate or south of the Antarctic Convergence. The Antarctic region includes the ice shelves, waters, and all the island territories in the Southern Ocean situated south of the Antarctic Convergence, a zone approximately wide varying in latitude seasonally. The region covers some 20 percent of the Southern Hemisphere, of which 5.5 percent (14", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 17 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20979015", "chunk_text": "\"Scott of the Antarctic (film)\"\nfour when the tragedy happened, but Scott has always been one of my heroes and it's jolly satisfying to feel that the job of helping to bring the. great story of British enterprise and grit to the screen has fallen to me.\"\" Three years' research was done for the film. Cameraman Osmond Baradaile spent six months in 1946-47 shooting background footage in the Antarctic at Hope Bay as well as at South Shetland and the Orkneys, travelling 30,000 miles. Filming started in June 1947 in Switzerland for four weeks, at the Jungrau Mountain and the Aletsch Glacier. In October 1947", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 18 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "821858", "chunk_text": "\"East Antarctica\"\nEast Antarctica East Antarctica, also called Greater Antarctica, constitutes the majority (two-thirds) of the Antarctic continent, lying on the Indian Ocean side of the continent, separated from West Antarctica by the Transantarctic Mountains. It lies almost entirely within the Eastern Hemisphere and its name has been accepted for more than a century. It is generally higher than West Antarctica and includes the Gamburtsev Mountain Range in the centre. Apart from small areas of the coast, East Antarctica is permanently covered by ice. The only terrestrial plant life is lichens, mosses and algae clinging to rocks, and there are a limited", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 19 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14332690", "chunk_text": "Antarctica\nrange of South America. The Antarctic Peninsula was formed by uplift and metamorphism of sea bed sediments during the late Paleozoic and the early Mesozoic eras. This sediment uplift was accompanied by igneous intrusions and volcanism. The most common rocks in West Antarctica are andesite and rhyolite volcanics formed during the Jurassic period. There is also evidence of volcanic activity, even after the ice sheet had formed, in Marie Byrd Land and Alexander Island. The only anomalous area of West Antarctica is the Ellsworth Mountains region, where the stratigraphy is more similar to East Antarctica. East Antarctica is geologically varied,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 20 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9541020", "chunk_text": "\"Transantarctic Mountains\"\ngeographic features are likely to have a significant impact on models and calculations related to ice flow through the Transantarctic Mountain region. In geographic order from the Ross Sea towards the Weddell Sea: Transantarctic Mountains The Transantarctic Mountains (abbreviated TAM) comprise a mountain range of uplifted sedimentary rock in Antarctica which extend, with some interruptions, across the continent from Cape Adare in northern Victoria Land to Coats Land. These mountains divide East Antarctica and West Antarctica. They include a number of separately named mountain groups, which are often again subdivided into smaller ranges. The range was first sighted by James", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 21 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "776614", "chunk_text": "\"Antarctic realm\"\nquitensis\"\"), are found on the northern and western parts of the Antarctic Peninsula. Antarctica is also home to a diversity of animal life, including penguins, seals, and whales. Several Antarctic island groups are considered part of the Antarctica realm, including South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands, South Orkney Islands, the South Shetland Islands, Bouvet Island, the Crozet Islands, Prince Edward Islands, Heard Island, the Kerguelen Islands, and the McDonald Islands. These islands have a somewhat milder climate than Antarctica proper, and support a greater diversity of tundra plants, although they are all too windy and cold to support trees.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 22 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18833111", "chunk_text": "\"Ablation Point\"\nAblation Point Ablation Point, also known as Punta Ablación, is the eastern extremity of a hook-shaped rock ridge marking the north side of the entrance to Ablation Valley, on the east coast of Alexander Island, Antarctica. It was first photographed from the air on 23 November 1935 by Lincoln Ellsworth and mapped from these photographs by W.L.G. Joerg. It was roughly surveyed in 1936 by the British Graham Land Expedition (BGLE) and resurveyed in 1949 by the Falkland Islands Dependencies Survey (FIDS). It was named by FIDS for nearby Ablation Valley. The site lies within Antarctic Specially Protected Area (ASPA)", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 23 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10745435", "chunk_text": "\"March of the Penguins\"\nat the box office $1.8 million worldwide. A direct sequel titled \"\"March of the Penguins 2: The Next Step\"\" (aka \"\"March of the Penguins 2: The Call\"\") was released in France in 2017. It was released in the United States exclusively on Hulu on March 23, 2018. The emperor penguins use a particular spot as their breeding ground because it is on ice that is solid year round and no danger of the ice becoming too soft to support the colony exists. At the end of Antarctic summer, the breeding ground is only a few hundred meters away from the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 24 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5344738", "chunk_text": "\"Buell Peninsula\"\naircraft with Squadron VX-6 in Antarctica in 1965–66 and 1966–67. The feature lies situated at the extremity of the Pennell Coast portion of Victoria Land, lying between Cape Williams and Cape Adare. Buell Peninsula Buell Peninsula () is an ice-covered peninsula terminating in Cape Williams, located between the lower ends of Lillie Glacier, George Glacier and Zykov Glacier, at the northwest end of the Anare Mountains, a major mountain range situated in Victoria Land, Antarctica. The peninsula is long and at its greatest width. It was photographed from U.S. Navy aircraft during Operation Highjump, 1946–47, and again in 1960–62. It", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 25 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14349453", "chunk_text": "\"West Antarctica\"\nAntarctic ice sheet, but there have been signs that climate change is having some effect and that this ice sheet may have started to shrink slightly. The coasts of the Antarctic Peninsula are the only parts of West Antarctica that become (in summer) ice-free. These constitute the Marielandia Antarctic tundra and have the warmest climate in Antarctica. The rocks are clad in mosses and lichens that can cope with the intense cold of winter and the short growing-season. Lying on the Pacific Ocean side of the Transantarctic Mountains, West Antarctica comprises the Antarctic Peninsula (with Graham Land and Palmer Land)", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 26 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2409260", "chunk_text": "\"Amanda Bay\"\nDuring the return flight the area was photographed and named Amanda Bay after the newly-born daughter of the pilot, RAAF Squadron Leader Peter Clemence. The site is protected under the Antarctic Treaty System as Antarctic Specially Protected Area (ASPA) No.169, principally because of its emperor penguin colony. Amanda Bay Amanda Bay, also sometimes known as Hovde Cove, lies in southern Prydz Bay on the Ingrid Christensen Coast of Princess Elizabeth Land, East Antarctica. It is best known for its breeding colony of several thousand pairs of emperor penguins on sea ice at the south-west corner of the bay. The bay", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 27 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9541011", "chunk_text": "\"Transantarctic Mountains\"\nTransantarctic Mountains The Transantarctic Mountains (abbreviated TAM) comprise a mountain range of uplifted sedimentary rock in Antarctica which extend, with some interruptions, across the continent from Cape Adare in northern Victoria Land to Coats Land. These mountains divide East Antarctica and West Antarctica. They include a number of separately named mountain groups, which are often again subdivided into smaller ranges. The range was first sighted by James Clark Ross in 1841 at what was later named the Ross Ice Shelf in his honor. It was first crossed during the British National Antarctic Expedition of 1901-1904. The mountain range stretches between", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 28 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "849331", "chunk_text": "\"Anare Mountains\"\nAnare Mountains The Anare Mountains () are a large group of mainly snow-covered peaks and ridges along the northern coast of Victoria Land, Antarctica. The group is bounded on the north and east by the Pacific Ocean, on the west by Lillie Glacier, and on the south by Robertson Glacier, Ebbe Glacier and Dennistoun Glacier. Kirkby Glacier, in length, drains the central Anare Mountains and flows northwest to the sea from Cape North, and just north of Arthurson Bluff, northern Victoria Land. The mountain range is situated on the Pennell Coast, a portion of Antarctica lying between Cape Williams and", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 29 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18941809", "chunk_text": "\"Antarctic Peninsula\"\nPeninsula including Hollick-Kenyon Peninsula and Prehn Peninsula at the base of the Antarctic Peninsula. Also located here are the Scaife Mountains. The Eternity Range is found in the middle of the peninsula. Other geographical features include Avery Plateau, the twin towers of Una's Peaks. Because the Antarctic Peninsula, which reaches north of the Antarctic Circle, is the most northerly part of Antarctica, it has the mildest climates within this continent. Its temperatures are warmest in January, averaging , and coldest in June, averages from . Its west coast from the tip of the Antarctic Peninsula south to 68°S, which has", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 30 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2409257", "chunk_text": "\"Amanda Bay\"\nAmanda Bay Amanda Bay, also sometimes known as Hovde Cove, lies in southern Prydz Bay on the Ingrid Christensen Coast of Princess Elizabeth Land, East Antarctica. It is best known for its breeding colony of several thousand pairs of emperor penguins on sea ice at the south-west corner of the bay. The bay is positioned south-west of the Brattstrand Bluffs, between the Vestfold Hills about 75 km to the north-east and the Larsemann Hills 22 km to the south-west. It is about 6 km long and 3 km wide, and opens north-west into the much larger Prydz Bay. The south-west", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 31 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "266866", "chunk_text": "Antarctica\nAntarctica Antarctica ( or , ) is Earth's southernmost continent. It contains the geographic South Pole and is situated in the Antarctic region of the Southern Hemisphere, almost entirely south of the Antarctic Circle, and is surrounded by the Southern Ocean. At , it is the fifth-largest continent. For comparison, Antarctica is nearly twice the size of Australia. About 98% of Antarctica is covered by ice that averages in thickness, which extends to all but the northernmost reaches of the Antarctic Peninsula. Antarctica, on average, is the coldest, driest, and windiest continent, and has the highest average elevation of all", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 32 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4441001", "chunk_text": "\"Encounters at the End of the World\"\nof a penguin marching in the wrong direction, walking to a certain death in the barren interior of the continent. Herzog and Zeitlinger next visit Mount Erebus and interview volcanologists. A unique sequence follows which was shot in tunnels deep below South Pole station carved from snow and ice. Various trinkets and mementos, including a can of Russian caviar and a whole frozen sturgeon, are placed in carved-out shelves in the ice walls and preserved by the extremely cold and dry air. On the slope of the volcano, Herzog and Zeitlinger explore ice caves formed by fumaroles. The film next", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 33 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3913629", "chunk_text": "\"Etar Snowfield\"\nEtar Snowfield Etar Snowfield ( \\'led-nik 'e-t&r\\, \"\"Lednik Etar\"\") is a roughly crescent-shaped snowfield on western Livingston Island in the South Shetland Islands, Antarctica situated west of Urdoviza, Medven and Berkovitsa Glaciers, and northwest of Verila Glacier. It drains the west slopes of Oryahovo Heights and the north slopes of Rotch Dome, and flows into Barclay Bay between Mercury Bluff and Rowe Point. The feature extends inland, and in south-southwest to north-northeast direction. Bulgarian mapping in 2005 and 2009. The glacier was named after the settlement of Etar in the central Balkan Mountains, Bulgaria. The snowfield is located at .", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 34 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2179397", "chunk_text": "\"Convoy Range\"\nConvoy Range Convoy Range () is a broad mountain range in Antarctica. Much of the range has a nearly flat plateau-like summit, extending south from the Fry Saddle and ending at Mackay Glacier. The range has steep cliffs on its east side, but it slopes gently into the Cambridge Glacier on the western side. The New Zealand Northern Survey Party of the Commonwealth Trans-Antarctic Expedition (1956–58) worked in this area in 1957. The party named the range for the main convoy into McMurdo Sound in the 1956–57 season, with the names of the various vessels being used for features in", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 35 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9980529", "chunk_text": "\"Mount Martin (Antarctica)\"\nMount Martin (Antarctica) Mount Martin () is a mountain, high, with conspicuous rock exposures on its southeast side, standing immediately north of the head of Anthony Glacier on the east coast of Palmer Land, Antarctica. The mountain lies on the fringe of the area explored by the British Graham Land Expedition in 1936, and was photographed from the air by the United States Antarctic Service in 1940. During 1947 it was photographed from the air by members of the Ronne Antarctic Research Expedition, under Finn Ronne, who in conjunction with the Falkland Islands Dependencies Survey charted it from the ground.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 36 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "676920", "chunk_text": "\"Adélie penguin\"\npenguins living in the Ross Sea region in Antarctica migrate an average of about each year as they follow the sun from their breeding colonies to winter foraging grounds and back again. During the winter the sun does not rise south of the Antarctic Circle, but sea ice grows during the winter months and increases for hundreds of miles from the shoreline, and into more northern latitudes, all around Antarctica. As long as the penguins live at the edge of the fast ice, they will see sunlight. As the ice recedes in the spring, the penguind remain on the edge", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 37 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4441003", "chunk_text": "\"Encounters at the End of the World\"\nfor his \"\"Slide Guitar Around the World\"\" project. Within two years, Herzog had released \"\"The Wild Blue Yonder\"\", which made prominent use of Kaiser's footage. The film was shot in Antarctica as part of the National Science Foundation's Antarctic Artists and Writers Program. The entire film crew consisted of Herzog, who recorded all production sound, and cinematographer Peter Zeitlinger. The two went to Antarctica without any opportunity to plan filming locations or interview subjects, and had only seven weeks to conceive and shoot their footage. Herzog often met his interview subjects only minutes before he began shooting them. Filming in", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 38 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11655385", "chunk_text": "\"Mount Levack\"\nMount Levack Mount Levack () is the mountain rising to 2751 m in Sullivan Heights on the east side of Sentinel Range, Antarctica. It is located 21 km (13 mi) east of Mount Ostenso, and overlooks Pulpudeva Glacier to the southwest and lower Ellen Glacier to the north. Its ridge is separated from Mount Farrell to the south by Zmeevo Pass and overlooks Strinava Glacier to the east-southeast. The peak was first mapped by USGS from surveys and U.S. Navy air photos, 1957-59. Named by US-ACAN for Major Herbert T. Levack, United States Air Force (USAF), who participated in establishing", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 39 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16386319", "chunk_text": "\"Antarctica: A Year on Ice\"\nLouisville Festival of Film Winner: Best Documentary, Prescott Film Festival Winner: Best Emerging Film Maker, Prescott Film Festival Winner: One In a Million Award, Sun Valley Film Festival Winner: Best Adventure Reel, Breckenridge Film Festival Winner: Best Environmental Film, Frozen Film Festival Antarctica: A Year on Ice Antarctica: A Year on Ice is the first feature film by New Zealand filmmaker Anthony B. Powell. This documentary is set in Antarctica, specifically in the Ross Island region, which is home to two research bases: United States' McMurdo Station and New Zealand's Scott Base. It chronicles a year of time spent living", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 40 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15246031", "chunk_text": "Antarctandes\nare frozen by Article 4 of the 1960s Antarctic Treaty System. Antarctandes The Antarctandes (\"\"Antartandes\"\" in Spanish), also known as the Antarctic Peninsula cordillera, is the mountain range that is located on the northern Antarctic Peninsula, in the Graham Land and Palmer Land regions of Antarctica and may also be considered to extend across the continent. Some geologists consider the Antarctandes a southernmost continuation of the Andes Range System on Antarctica. According to this theory the Andes start at the border between Colombia and Venezuela; run along western South America; submerge into the Atlantic Ocean to the east of Tierra", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 41 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13252069", "chunk_text": "\"Palmer Station\"\nfor the film was shot in the vicinity of Palmer Station, though none was actually filmed at the station. Although the actual station can only accommodate fewer than 50 people, the station depicted in the film housed several hundred. The ambient drone artist Assembler/Responder released a track called \"\"Palmer Station\"\" on the 2013 album \"\"Bishop & Clerk\"\". Palmer Station The Palmer Station is a United States research station in Antarctica located on Anvers Island, the only US station located north of the Antarctic Circle. Initial construction of the station finished in 1968. The station, like the other U.S. Antarctic stations,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 42 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7328330", "chunk_text": "\"Palmer Land\"\nPalmer Land Palmer Land () is the portion of the Antarctic Peninsula, Antarctica that lies south of a line joining Cape Jeremy and Cape Agassiz. This application of Palmer Land is consistent with the 1964 agreement between US-ACAN and UK-APC, in which the name Antarctic Peninsula was approved for the major peninsula of Antarctica, and the names Graham Land and Palmer Land for the northern and southern portions, respectively. The line dividing them is roughly 69 degrees south. In its southern extreme, the Antarctic Peninsula stretches west, with Palmer Land eventually bordering Ellsworth Land along the 80° W line of", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 43 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8033925", "chunk_text": "\"Transantarctic Mountains\"\nthe extremely limited precipitation and ablation of ice in the valleys. The highest mountain of the TAM is 4,528 m high Mount Kirkpatrick in the Queen Alexandra Range. Isolated peaks surrounded by ice are referred to as nunataks. Penguins, seals, and sea birds live along the Ross Sea coastline in Victoria Land, while life in the interior of the Transantarctic Range is limited to bacteria, lichens, algae, and fungi. Forests once covered Antarctica, including plentiful Wollemi Pine and Southern Beech. However, with the gradual cooling associated with the break-up of Gondwana, these forests gradually disappeared. It is believed that the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 44 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13907446", "chunk_text": "\"George Glacier\"\nGeorge Glacier George Glacier is a valley glacier in the western part of the Anare Mountains of Victoria Land, Antarctica. The glacier rises east of Mount Burch and flows northwest past Mount Kelly to Lillie Glacier Tongue on the coast. This geographical feature was first mapped by the United States Geological Survey from surveys and U.S. Navy air photos, 1960–1965, and was named by the Advisory Committee on Antarctic Names for Robert Y. George, a zoologist at McMurdo Station, Hut Point Peninsula, Ross Island, 1967–1968. The glacier is situated on the Pennell Coast, a portion of Antarctica lying between Cape", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 45 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12263654", "chunk_text": "\"Seymour Island\"\n(opossum) and Microbiotheria, as well as ungulates and a member of the enigmatic extinct order Gondwanatheria, possibly \"\"Sudamerica ameghinoi\"\". Seymour Island Seymour Island is an island in the chain of 16 major islands around the tip of the Graham Land on the Antarctic Peninsula. Graham Land is the closest part of Antarctica to South America. It lies within the section of the island chain that resides off the west side of the peninsula's northernmost tip. Within that section, it is separated from Snow Hill Island by Picnic Passage, and sits just east of the larger key, James Ross Island, and", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 46 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15246028", "chunk_text": "Antarctandes\nAntarctandes The Antarctandes (\"\"Antartandes\"\" in Spanish), also known as the Antarctic Peninsula cordillera, is the mountain range that is located on the northern Antarctic Peninsula, in the Graham Land and Palmer Land regions of Antarctica and may also be considered to extend across the continent. Some geologists consider the Antarctandes a southernmost continuation of the Andes Range System on Antarctica. According to this theory the Andes start at the border between Colombia and Venezuela; run along western South America; submerge into the Atlantic Ocean to the east of Tierra del Fuego to form the underwater Scotia Arc mountain range; resurface", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 47 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "813961", "chunk_text": "\"Pesce Peninsula\"\nSix (VXE-6), from May 1980 to May 1981. Pesce Peninsula is one of the eight peninsulas of Alexander Island. Pesce Peninsula Pesce Peninsula () is a broad snow-covered peninsula lying between Rameau Inlet and Verdi Inlet on the north side of the Beethoven Peninsula, situated in the southwest portion of Alexander Island, Antarctica. Dykeman Point is the main and only headland on Pesce Peninsula marking the northern extremity of the peninsula. Photographed from the air by Ronne Antarctic Research Expedition (RARE), 1947–48, and mapped from these photographs by D. Searle of Falkland Islands Dependencies Survey (FIDS), 1960. Named by Advisory", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 48 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2253127", "chunk_text": "\"Ablation Point\"\nNo.147. Ablation Point Ablation Point, also known as Punta Ablación, is the eastern extremity of a hook-shaped rock ridge marking the north side of the entrance to Ablation Valley, on the east coast of Alexander Island, Antarctica. It was first photographed from the air on 23 November 1935 by Lincoln Ellsworth and mapped from these photographs by W.L.G. Joerg. It was roughly surveyed in 1936 by the British Graham Land Expedition (BGLE) and resurveyed in 1949 by the Falkland Islands Dependencies Survey (FIDS). It was named by FIDS for nearby Ablation Valley. The site lies within Antarctic Specially Protected Area", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 49 } ]
test_3460	when do new episodes of mindy project air?	n/a	[ "November 7, 2017", "September 12, 2017", "December 12, 2017", "November 28, 2017", "December 19, 2017", "November 14, 2017", "November 21, 2017", "December 5, 2017" ]	[]	n/a	n/a	n/a	[]	[ { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16170467", "chunk_text": "\"The Mindy Project\"\nThe Mindy Project The Mindy Project was an American romantic comedy television series that premiered on Fox on September 25, 2012. It then began airing on Hulu on September 15, 2015. The series, created by and starring Mindy Kaling, was co-produced by Universal Television and 3 Arts Entertainment. On March 29, 2017, \"\"The Mindy Project\"\" was renewed for a sixth and final season, which premiered on September 12, 2017, and concluded on November 14, 2017. The series follows obstetrician/gynecologist Mindy Lahiri (Mindy Kaling) as she tries to balance her personal and professional life, surrounded by quirky co-workers in a small", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 0 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13011062", "chunk_text": "\"The Mindy Project\"\nwhich was later reduced to 14. On March 29, 2017, Kaling announced the series would return for a sixth and final season; the final episode of the series aired on November 14, 2017. Casting announcements for the remaining series regular roles began in February 2012, with Ed Weeks cast in the role of Dr. Jeremy Reed, a sexy, British doctor in the practice. Zoe Jarman and Dana Delorenzo then joined in series regular roles. Jarman signed on to play Betsy Putch, an upbeat receptionist at the practice; whilst Delorenzo joined as Shauna Dicanio, a young, party loving receptionist in the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 1 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13011061", "chunk_text": "\"The Mindy Project\"\nof \"\"The Mindy Project\"\". On March 4, 2013, the series was renewed for a second season, which began on September 17, 2013. On November 21, 2013, Fox announced that \"\"The Mindy Project\"\" would take a mid-season hiatus, before returning on April 1, 2014. Fox announced the third season renewal of \"\"The Mindy Project\"\" on March 7, 2014. On May 6, 2015, Fox cancelled the series after three seasons. On May 15, 2015 Hulu picked up the show, commissioning a 26 episode fourth season. On May 4, 2016, Hulu announced it had picked up the series for a 16-episode season 5,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 2 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8329608", "chunk_text": "\"Me, Myself & I (TV series)\"\nThe regular and recurring cast includes: On May 12, 2017, the show was ordered to series. The series premiered September 25, 2017, on CBS and was given a thirteen episode order. On November 1, 2017, CBS pulled the series from the schedule after six low-rated episodes, leaving seven episodes unaired, and announced that the series will remain in production for all thirteen episodes and would return to the schedule at a later date. On June 7, 2018 it was announced that the show would return to the schedule on July 7, 2018 and the remaining seven episodes would air over", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 3 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8096390", "chunk_text": "\"Rowan & Martin's Laugh-In\"\nseason on January 9, 2018, and the third season on March 6, 2018. The fourth season was released on May 8, 2018. Season 5 was released on July 10, 2018. Finally, Season 6 was released on September 4, 2018. TV season, ranking, average viewers per episode In 1977, Schlatter and NBC briefly revived the property as a series of specials – titled simply \"\"Laugh-In\"\" – with a new cast, including former child evangelist Marjoe Gortner. The standout was a then-unknown Robin Williams, whose starring role on ABC's \"\"Mork & Mindy\"\" one year later prompted NBC to rerun the specials as", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 4 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14972507", "chunk_text": "\"Beyond (2017 TV series)\"\n2015. The series was ordered for production in November 2015 with a ten-episode order. A sneak peek aired on January 1, 2017, with the official premiere on January 2, 2017. On January 10, 2017, Freeform renewed the series for a second season; season 2 premiered on January 18, 2018, with a double episode. The 10-episode second season's finale aired March 22, 2018. The entire first season was released on digital platforms, such as OnDemand, the Freeform App and website, and Hulu, on January 2, 2017. A recap special entitled \"\"Beyond: What Lies Ahead\"\" aired on December 28, 2017, and drew", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 5 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19769178", "chunk_text": "\"Andi Mack\"\nChannel. The second season premiered on Disney Channel on October 27, 2017. On February 19, 2018, Disney Channel announced that \"\"Andi Mack\"\" had been renewed for a third season, with the cast informed about the renewal live on \"\"Good Morning America\"\" by the creator that day. The third season premiered on October 8, 2018. On November 13, 2018, it was announced that the series would be featuring a two-episode arc—\"\"Cookie Monster\"\" and \"\"The New Girls\"\"—revolving around gun safety and peer pressure. On December 14, 2018, it was announced that Stoney Westmoreland was fired by Disney Channel and would no longer", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 6 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11945719", "chunk_text": "\"Griffin Newman\"\nseason were released on August 25, 2017. The remaining six episodes of the first season were released on February 23, 2018. On January 17, 2018, Amazon ordered a second season of 10 episodes, expected to premiere in 2019. Newman has received critical acclaim for his portrayal of Everest. Newman has a small role in Woody Allen’s film \"\"A Rainy Day In New York\"\", set for release in 2018. In October 2017, Newman made a statement via his Twitter expressing his regret at taking the role in the film, due to the allegations of sexual misconduct against Allen. He announced he", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 7 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10409555", "chunk_text": "\"The Haves and the Have Nots (TV series)\"\nthe series was given an additional 44-episode order. The second half of season 5 premiered on June 20, 2017 and ended with the season finale on September 12, 2017. On November 21, 2017, the series was renewed for a sixth season, which premiered on January 9, 2018, and the 1st mid-season finale aired March 13, 2018 and on March 13, 2018, OWN also announced the second half of the season, which premiered on May 1, 2018 and with the 2nd mid-season finale July 17, 2018. On July 17, 2018, OWN announced the third half of the season, which premiered on", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 8 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18731009", "chunk_text": "\"I Feel Bad\"\nconsulting producer. Production companies involved with the pilot include Universal Television, Paper Kite Productions, CannyLads Productions, and 3 Arts Entertainment. On May 8, 2018, it was announced that NBC had given the production a series order. A few days later, it was announced that the series would premiere in the fall of 2018 and air on Thursdays at 9:30 p.m. On June 19, 2018, it was announced that the series would officially premiere on October 4, 2018 in its regular time-slot. On November 8, 2018, it was announced that the series would \"\"conclude\"\" in December 2018 and that NBC would", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 9 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8011278", "chunk_text": "\"Mindy Kaling\"\nlater picked up by Hulu for a 26-episode fourth season and a 16-episode fifth season. In March 2017, Kaling announced that the show's sixth season, due to air starting September 2017, would be the last. The series concluded on 14 November 2017. Kaling's TV appearances include a 2005 episode of \"\"Curb Your Enthusiasm\"\", playing Richard Lewis's assistant. She is featured on the CD \"\"Comedy Death-Ray\"\" and guest-wrote parts of an episode of \"\"Saturday Night Live\"\" in April 2006. After her film debut in \"\"The 40-Year-Old Virgin\"\" with Steve Carell, Kaling appeared in the film \"\"Unaccompanied Minors\"\" as a waitress. In", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 10 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10952322", "chunk_text": "Vsauce\nin March 2017. Episodes of the show are scheduled until December 6, 2018. On December 6, 2017, Stevens released a second season to his YouTube Red exclusive show \"\"Mind Field\"\" on his main Vsauce channel. On March 24, 2018, Stevens was largely involved with a collaboration featured on HowToBasic's YouTube channel with YouTuber MaxMoeFoe, his friend Warrun, and several clips of different YouTubers screaming \"\"I'm HowToBasic\"\". The video was called \"\"Face Reveal\"\" for his 10 Million Subscriber Special, which was a video that led subscribers to believe that HowToBasic would reveal his identity in the video. Stevens was used as", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 11 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15026931", "chunk_text": "\"The Chris Gethard Show\"\nshow return to an hour-long format. In this season, the opening monologues became pre-taped. The final episode of Season 2 aired on June 1, 2016. On May 4, 2017, Gethard announced via Facebook Live that \"\"The Chris Gethard Show\"\" had been picked up by truTV, with sixteen weekly episodes to be broadcast live. It was later announced that the season would begin in August 2017. On the November 9, 2017 episode, Gethard announced that truTV had ordered an additional 10 episodes bringing the third season total up to 26. The new batch of episodes premiered on March 20, 2018. The", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 12 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10445590", "chunk_text": "\"Be Cool, Scooby-Doo!\"\non June 20, 2017. On March 7, 2017, it was announced that the rest of \"\"Be Cool, Scooby-Doo!\"\" would be premiering exclusively on the streaming service for Boomerang, a sister channel of Cartoon Network. The season premiered on the streaming service on September 28, 2017. Despite this, the final eleven episodes of the season premiered on the Boomerang television network. The season concluded on March 18, 2018. Be Cool, Scooby-Doo! Be Cool, Scooby-Doo! is an American animated television series produced by Warner Bros. Animation, the twelfth incarnation of Hanna-Barbera's \"\"Scooby-Doo\"\" animated series. In the show, the \"\"Scooby-Doo\"\" gang decide to", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 13 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9109131", "chunk_text": "\"Genius (U.S. TV series)\"\nof the first season, but was instead revealed to be Pablo Picasso the day after the finale, when the network and producers did not want to divert attention away from the season finale. The second season premiered on April 24, 2018. On April 18, 2018, National Geographic renewed the series for a third season set to follow the life of writer Mary Shelley. Ken Biller is expected to return as showrunner, executive producer and writer. Also returning are executive producers Brian Grazer, Ron Howard, Francie Calfo, Jeff Cooney, Sam Sokolow, Gigi Pritzker, and Rachel Shane. Anna Culp will return as", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 14 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15114769", "chunk_text": "\"Boomerang (TV channel)\"\n12, 2015. On June 28, 2015, it was announced that Boomerang would receive original programs such as \"\"New Looney Tunes\"\", \"\"Be Cool, Scooby-Doo!\"\", and an animated adaptation of \"\"Bunnicula\"\". On April 3, 2017, the network began airing new episodes of \"\"Grizzy and the Lemmings\"\", after it was originally pitched to Cartoon Network. Boomerang began airing re-runs of additional modern Cartoon Network series in mid-2018, with \"\"Regular Show\"\" beginning to air on May 28, 2018, \"\"Mighty Magiswords\"\" beginning to air on May 29, 2018, and \"\"Adventure Time\"\" and \"\"Steven Universe\"\" beginning to air on June 2, 2018. Of these, only \"\"Adventure", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 15 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16936879", "chunk_text": "\"Anne with an E\"\nold when we return to this season full of romantic complications, bold adventures and dramatic discoveries. I will explore important, contemporary themes that I hope will continue to resonate with, and inspire and uplift, our audience.\"\" The series initially premiered on March 19, 2017, on CBC and aired on a weekly basis, the season finale airing on April 30, 2017. The series debuted on Netflix on May 12, 2017, under the title \"\"Anne With An E\"\". The second and later seasons were retitled to match Netflix's title by the CBC which had initially used the title \"\"Anne\"\". The CBC premier", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 16 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13011066", "chunk_text": "\"The Mindy Project\"\nthe series in a recurring role but had filmed only two episodes prior to being promoted. The first change of the third season occurred prior to the start of production and saw Zoe Jarman's role eliminated from the show. Like Setton and Camp's departures in the first season, the absence of her character was never addressed. The second cast change of the season was announced on November 21, 2014, and saw Adam Pally leave the series after the season's thirteenth episode. His departure after the thirteenth episode of the season was a condition of his upgrade to a series regular", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 17 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13053427", "chunk_text": "\"Our Cartoon President\"\nwith Colbert, Matt Lappin and Chris Licht as executive producers. On December 18, 2017, it was announced that the series would premiere on February 11, 2018. On March 8, 2018, Showtime announced that they were ordering an additional seven episodes of the series that are set to air during the summer of 2018. This order would bring the first season total of episodes up to seventeen. On May 30, 2018, it was announced that the additional seven episodes of season one would premiere on July 15, 2018. On August 22, 2018, it was announced that Showtime had greenlit a midterm", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 18 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9150306", "chunk_text": "\"The Guest Book\"\nhis habit of writing fake guest book entries while on vacation, wrote all 10 episodes of the first season. The series premiered on TBS on August 3, 2017. On September 13, 2017, TBS renewed the series for a second season, which premiered on October 23, 2018. The intended fifth episode of the series was originally intended to air on August 24, 2017, but was held back as it \"\"contained elements that were deemed too sensitive\"\" at that point in time. At the end of August 2017, Garcia noted on Twitter that the held episode would not be made available \"\"for", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 19 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5402688", "chunk_text": "\"Be Cool, Scooby-Doo!\"\nair on Boomerang and the news was later confirmed on June 29, 2015. It was originally scheduled to air on Boomerang, but the series instead premiered on Cartoon Network on October 5, 2015. On March 7, 2017, it was announced that the remaining unaired episodes would be released on Boomerang's video on demand streaming service. The final eleven episodes premiered on the Boomerang television network in March 2018 and were added to the Boomerang streaming service on September 26, 2018. After finishing up their senior year of high school, the \"\"Scooby-Doo\"\" gang decide to travel in the Mystery Machine, seeking", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 20 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19450987", "chunk_text": "Atypical\nmore female directors and female diversity\"\": seven of the ten episodes were directed by women and half of the writing team were female. On October 24, 2018, \"\"Atypical\"\" was renewed for a third season which will consist of 10 episodes. Season one was released on August 11, 2017, and consisted of eight episodes. The second season was released on September 7, 2018, and consisted of 10 episodes. At Metacritic, which assigns a rating out of 100 to reviews from mainstream critics, the first season received a score of 66, based on 20 reviews, indicating \"\"generally favorable reviews\"\", and a score", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 21 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7388744", "chunk_text": "\"Dorothy and the Wizard of Oz\"\npremiered on the Boomerang channel in the United States on May 21, 2018. The series premiered on Boomerang in Africa in October 2017. The show was also premiered on Boomerang in the United Kingdom on October 2, 2017. In Canada, the show premiered on Treehouse TV on June 2, 2018. \"\"We're Not in Kansas Anymore\"\", a DVD release containing the first 5 episodes of the series, was released on March 27, 2018. Dorothy and the Wizard of Oz Dorothy and the Wizard of Oz is an American animated children's television series based on L. Frank Baum's novel \"\"The Wonderful Wizard", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 22 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20531336", "chunk_text": "\"Leah Remini: Scientology and the Aftermath\"\nschedule after its broadcast run started and premiered on December 19. It was filmed over the course of the preceding week in reaction to the ratings success of the opening episode. A second \"\"Ask Me Anything\"\" special was broadcast on January 17, 2017. Another special episode was aired after the end of the first season, titled \"\"Merchants of Fear\"\". Following the ratings success of the first season, a second, ten-episode season was announced by A&E in March 2017, which premiered August 15, 2017. Executive production is again handled by Remini and her company No Seriously Productions, with Eli Holzman and", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 23 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1401666", "chunk_text": "\"Iyanla: Fix My Life\"\nbegan on Saturday, March 28, 2015 at 9/8c, beginning with a special episode that features Karrueche Tran. The seventh season of \"\"Iyanla: Fix My Life\"\" premiered on Saturday, April 15, 2017 at 9/8c, beginning with an episode that featured Keyshia Cole's older sister Neffe and her husband Soullow. Season 7 returned on September 30th, featuring rapper of Hot Boys fame's Turk and his wife Erica. The eighth season of \"\"Iyanla: Fix My Life\"\" premiered on Saturday, March 3, 2018 at 9/8c, beginning with an episode featuring Kamiyah Mobley, who was kidnapped at birth. \"\"Iyanla, Fix My Life\"\" debuted to largely", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 24 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16469900", "chunk_text": "\"Bill Nye Saves the World\"\ncorrespondents assist in the presentation of the show. These include fashion model Karlie Kloss, science YouTuber and educator Derek Muller, comedian Nazeem Hussain, comedian and writer Joanna Hausmann, and the TV host and producer Emily Calandrelli. The thirteen-episode season premiered on April 21, 2017. The show's theme song was produced by Tyler, the Creator. On June 15, 2017, Nye announced on his Facebook page that the series had been renewed for a six-episodes second season, which premiered on December 29, 2017. On April 9, 2018, Netflix announced the show had been renewed for a six-episode third season, released on May", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 25 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13011065", "chunk_text": "\"The Mindy Project\"\nthe twelfth episode. Despite becoming a recurring cast member, Camp only made a single appearance in the seventeenth episode. Neither Setton or Camp's characters had their absence referenced, nor were they mentioned again. The first change for the second season, which occurred before production of the season began, saw Xosha Roquemore upgraded to a series regular role after recurring in the final three episodes of the previous season. The second change, which occurred just prior to the production of the season's fifth episode, resulted in Adam Pally also being upgraded to a series regular role. He had previously signed onto", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 26 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2344382", "chunk_text": "\"Descriptive Video Service\"\nof season 12 and all of season 13 without any DVS service during its move from Fox to TBS in late 2014, before it returned in November 2016 for its fourteenth season. \"\"The Mindy Project\"\" lost DVS at the start of their fourth season upon the move to Hulu, which does not yet provide DVS service. On November 26, 2018 Adult Swim Begins DVS on Family Guy, Bob's Burgers and American Dad ABC: Adult Swim: Begins November 26, 2018 CBS: The CW: Disney Channel: Fox: History: NBC: Netflix: Nickelodeon: PBS: Syfy: TBS: TNT: Turner Classic Movies: USA Network: Descriptive Video", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 27 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13011060", "chunk_text": "\"The Mindy Project\"\nwas released from NBC's projects on January 27, 2012. NBC then sent the script to Fox executives who read it over that following weekend. On January 30, 2012, Fox greenlit the pilot, with Mindy Kaling attached to star. On May 9, 2012, Fox placed a series order for the comedy. Two days later, the title was changed from \"\"It's Messy\"\" to \"\"The Mindy Project.\"\" On August 27, 2012, the pilot episode was made available to view online on various sites including Fox, in an attempt to garner interest in the series. On October 8, 2012, Fox ordered a full season", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 28 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20165616", "chunk_text": "\"Green Acres\"\nDVD in Region 1 on October 17, 2017. Season 4 was released on November 28, 2017. Season 5 was released on February 27, 2018. Season 6 was released on July 10, 2018. The \"\"Granby's Green Acres\"\" radio show aired from July 3 to August 21, 1950. The show was produced, directed, and written by Jay Sommers, who wrote and produced a third of the \"\"Green Acres\"\" episodes. In both, a businessman knowing little about farming moves to an impoverished farm. The characters are more conventionally odd, the wife stereotypically talkative and dim, the Sam Drucker character of Sam Drucker is", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 29 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7388743", "chunk_text": "\"Dorothy and the Wizard of Oz\"\nelements that were created for the film. Because the \"\"Oz\"\" book series lapsed into the public domain, numerous adaptations of the book have appeared from other companies, but these unofficial productions are not allowed to use anything from the film as that remains under copyright until 2035. \"\"Dorothy and the Wizard of Oz\"\" debuted on Boomerang USA Channel on May 8, 2018. It also premiered on Boomerang in Australia and New Zealand on June 26, 2017. The first 13 episodes were released on Boomerang's SVOD service in the United States on June 29, 2017. Nearly a year later, the series", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 30 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16936872", "chunk_text": "\"Anne with an E\"\nused \"\"Anne with an E\"\". CBC adopted the \"\"Anne with an E\"\" name beginning in the second season. On August 3, 2017, both CBC and Netflix renewed the series for a 10-episode second season, which began production in November 2017. Season 2 premiered on Netflix on July 6, 2018, and on CBC on September 23, 2018. In August 2018, CBC and Netflix renewed the series for a 10-episode third season to premiere in 2019. In the late 19th century, brother and sister Matthew and Marilla Cuthbert, both in their old age, decide to take on an orphan boy to help", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 31 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7774950", "chunk_text": "\"The Big Bang Theory (season 11)\"\nThe Big Bang Theory (season 11) The eleventh season of the American television sitcom \"\"The Big Bang Theory\"\" premiered on CBS on Monday, September 25, 2017. It returned to its regular Thursday time slot on November 2, 2017, after \"\"Thursday Night Football on CBS\"\" ended. The season concluded on May 10, 2018. In March 2017, CBS renewed the series for two additional seasons, bringing its total to twelve, and running through the 2018–19 television season. Like the previous three seasons, the first five episodes aired on Mondays due to CBS' contractual rights to air the \"\"Thursday Night Football\"\" games. After", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 32 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2791422", "chunk_text": "\"Ezra Koenig\"\nTim Heidecker, James Corden,David Longstreth of the Dirty Projectors and Koenig's sister, Emma Koenig. The show debuted on July 12, 2015 and new episodes air fortnightly. As of May 6, 2018, 67 episodes have aired. The show is currently in its fourth season. Following a hiatus from \"\"Vampire Weekend\"\", Koenig wrote and produced an animated comedy-adventure series about a depressive, demon-slaying playboy voiced by Jaden Smith. The series, titled \"\"Neo Yokio\"\", debuted on Netflix in September 2017. The show was written and produced in 2015, with the final sound mix being completed in January 2016, however, due to issues with", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 33 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12982569", "chunk_text": "\"America's Funniest Home Videos\"\nand specials airing on ABC on Sunday nights at 8/7 central during the holiday season on December 10, 2017 and then permanently starting on February 11, 2018. ABC repeated the 'repeat/new episode' scheduling format for AFV on January 6, 2019 with new episodes returning to the 7/6 central timeslot on March 3, 2019 when American Idol premieres with AFV likely to be pre-empted in some timezones when American Idol airs the live (in all time-zones) finale episodes in May 2019. ABC renewed AFV for a 29th season on March 13, 2018, which premiered at its regular 7/6 central Sunday night", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 34 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4932358", "chunk_text": "\"Aline Brosh McKenna\"\nand Bloom reworked the series for The CW, including expanding it into an hour-long format. The CW renewed the series for a second season, which premiered on October 21, 2016, and a third season, which premiered on October 13, 2017. McKenna is the series' showrunner and an executive producer. In March 2017, McKenna inked a two-year overall deal with CBS Studios, the studio behind \"\"Crazy Ex-Girlfriend\"\", to develop new projects for network and cable through her production company Lean Machine. The following October, she teamed up with Rene Gube, a producer and recurring guest star on \"\"Crazy Ex-Girlfriend\"\", for a", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 35 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9151756", "chunk_text": "\"Henry Danger\"\non July 17, 2016. The third season premiered on September 17, 2016, and concluded on October 7, 2017. The fourth season premiered on October 21, 2017. In Canada, the series premiered on YTV on October 8, 2014. In Australia and New Zealand, the series began airing on Nickelodeon on January 17, 2015. In the United Kingdom and Ireland, the series premiered on Nickelodeon on February 13, 2015. On March 2, 2017, Nickelodeon announced that a new animated series, under the working title of \"\"The Adventures of Kid Danger and Captain Man\"\", is in development with 10 episodes announced. \"\"The Adventures", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 36 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9746157", "chunk_text": "\"The Good Place\"\nrenewed the series for a 13-episode third season, which premiered on September 27, 2018. On December 4, 2018, NBC renewed the series for a fourth season. From the start of the series' second season in September 2017, Netflix distributed it to various international markets, with new episodes being released a few hours after their original American airing. The first season was released on DVD in region 1 on October 17, 2017. The second season was released on DVD on July 17, 2018. \"\"The Good Place\"\" has received positive reviews from television critics. On Rotten Tomatoes, the first season has a", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 37 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7742629", "chunk_text": "FLCL\nfrom the music production company VERYGOO. The second season, \"\"FLCL Progressive\"\", premiered on June 2, 2018 on Adult Swim's Toonami block; the third and final season, \"\"FLCL Alternative\"\", premiered on September 8, 2018 and concluded on October 13, 2018. In Japan, \"\"Alternative\"\" and \"\"Progressive\"\" had theatrical screenings on September 7, 2018, and September 28, 2018, respectively. The first episode of \"\"FLCL Alternative\"\" unexpectedly premiered early at midnight on April Fool's Day on Toonami, airing entirely in Japanese with English subtitles. The day of the second season's US premiere, Toonami simultaneously announced via its Facebook page that they would be delaying", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 38 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8636658", "chunk_text": "\"The Good Place\"\nthey are entirely incompatible and thus come to the conclusion that \"\"hell is other people\"\". The only actors who knew the truth from the start were Danson and Bell. Critics have also suggested resemblances to 1960s surreal TV show \"\"The Prisoner\"\" in its isolated, rule-bound setting. The series premiered on September 19, 2016. On January 30, 2017, NBC renewed the series for a second season of 13 episodes, which premiered on Wednesday, September 20, 2017, with an hour-long premiere before moving to its normal time slot on Thursday at 8:30 pm, beginning September 28, 2017. On November 21, 2017, NBC", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 39 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16157629", "chunk_text": "\"Speechless (TV series)\"\nadditional episode was ordered on December 13, 2016, for a 23-episode season. On May 12, 2017, ABC renewed the series for a second season, which premiered on September 27, 2017. On May 11, 2018, ABC renewed the series for a third season, which premiered on October 5, 2018. The series follows the DiMeo family, each with a unique personality: Maya, a take-charge British mother with a no-holds-barred attitude; her husband Jimmy, who does not seem to care what others think; Dylan, their no-nonsense athletic daughter; Ray, their scholarly middle child who acts as the \"\"voice of reason\"\" in the family;", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 40 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5080324", "chunk_text": "HarmonQuest\nVRV streaming service in June 2017. The second season premiered on VRV Select on September 15 and concluded on November 17, 2017. In October 2018, it was announced that VRV has renewed the show for a third season, which is scheduled to begin taping in November 2018. Dan Harmon and Spencer Crittenden had been including a \"\"Dungeons & Dragons\"\"-style segment at the end of the weekly podcast \"\"Harmontown\"\". When Harmon pitched the idea of \"\"HarmonQuest\"\", which was originally conceived as a low-budget online show, NBC Universal executive vice-president of digital enterprises Evan Shapiro became interested in the idea. When Seeso", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 41 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "987172", "chunk_text": "\"Max & Ruby\"\nproduced by Nelvana and Treehouse in seasons 1–6, and 9 Story Media Group in seasons 3–5 in Canada, and Silver Lining Productions in seasons 1–3, and Chorion in season 4 in the United States. A sixth season of the series premiered on September 18, 2016, with a new main voice cast and theme song, and all new episodes being split into two 11 min. segments, rather than the original three 7 minute segment episodes. segments (see episode list for details). A seventh season of the series premiered on August 12, 2019; and again (like Season 6), in Season 7, the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 42 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20707521", "chunk_text": "\"Freedom Fighters: The Ray\"\nappearance in the animated series line up more with the way Russell actually looks. There was just no way to turn those kind of changes around and release it before the crossover. It was just more important to have Russell's voice in the series than it was to get it out early\"\". \"\"Freedom Fighters: The Ray\"\" premiered on CW Seed on December 8, 2017, releasing the first six episodes of the series. The next six episodes, marketed as the second season, was released on July 18, 2018, after debuting at the 2018 San Diego Comic-Con. In June 2018, it was", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 43 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12616624", "chunk_text": "\"Voltron: Legendary Defender\"\non June 15, 2018, and consisted of 7 episodes. The seventh season premiered on August 10, 2018, and consisted of 13 episodes. The eighth and final season premiered on December 14, 2018, and consisted of 13 episodes. \"\"Voltron: Legendary Defender\"\" has received critical acclaim. The review aggregator website Rotten Tomatoes reported a 100% approval rating for the first season, based on 11 reviews, with Critic Consensus being that \"\"\"\"Voltron: Legendary Defender\"\" honors its source material with beautifully expressive animation and impactful action.\"\" In reviewing the first season, Max Nicholson of \"\"IGN\"\" wrote, “DreamWork’s \"\"Voltron: Legendary Defender\"\" delivers exactly the kind", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 44 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15220348", "chunk_text": "\"12 Monkeys (TV series)\"\nfor the season's fourth episode, \"\"Brothers\"\". In a change over how the previous seasons were released, Syfy aired the entire third season over three consecutive nights. A fourth and final season was announced on March 16, 2017. It consisted of 11 episodes, which premiered on June 15, 2018, and concluded on July 6, 2018. The pilot for \"\"12 Monkeys\"\" was filmed in Detroit. Starting with the second episode, the bulk of principal photography for the series took place in Toronto, both on location and at the Cinespace Film Studios, where they constructed sets like the room with the time machine.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 45 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7436372", "chunk_text": "\"Wacky Races (2017 TV series)\"\nas a preview on February 22, 2018, and the series officially premiering on the Boomerang channel on May 21, 2018, alongside another show from Boomerang's SVOD service, \"\"Dorothy and the Wizard of Oz\"\". The series aired as a one-hour special on Cartoon Network on August 13, 2018. The series premiered on Boomerang in Sub-Saharan Africa in October 2017. \"\"Wacky Races\"\" premiered on Boomerang in Australia on August 14, 2017. The series premiered in India on Pogo on August 27, 2017. The series premiered in the United Kingdom and Ireland on Boomerang on November 1, 2017. The series also premiered in", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 46 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10028693", "chunk_text": "\"Ejen Ali\"\n1) has been shown on March 3. An English dub of the show premiered December 15, 2017 on Disney Channel Asia. It also premiered on Nickelodeon Sonic in India on July 16, 2018; however it was abruptly taken off the schedule nearly two weeks later for unknown reasons, with the last few episodes remaining to be aired. But in mid-November 2018, the new episodes were aired on Nick HD+ and the entire season was finished on November 18, 2018. The first episode of Season 2 was broadcast September 22, 2017, with episode two, three and four shown on September 29.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 47 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12510064", "chunk_text": "\"The Last O.G.\"\nproduction replacing FX Productions. On May 17, 2017, it was announced that the series had been titled \"\"The Last O.G.\"\" On July 27, 2017, it was announced that series would premiere on October 24, 2017 with two episodes airing for a full hour. However, on January 11, 2018, it was announced that series would premiere on April 3, 2018. The premiere had been delayed after the departure of series co-creator and showrunner John Carcieri, who left after production on season one had ended. He was replaced by Saladin K. Patterson. Alongside the initial pilot announcement, it was confirmed that Tracy", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 48 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10409556", "chunk_text": "\"The Haves and the Have Nots (TV series)\"\nAugust 14, 2018. On September 11, 2018, OWN announced the fourth half of the season, which premiered on October 2, 2018, on October 9, 2018, OWN announced the countdown to the season 6 finale, set to air November 6, 2018. The series has been renewed for a seventh season which is now filming. The seventh season is set to premiere on January 8, 2019. The series follows three families and their lifestyles as they intersect with one another in Savannah, Georgia: the rich, powerful, and locally very public Cryer and Harrington families (dubbed \"\"The Haves\"\") and the poor and destitute", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 49 } ]
test_3461	first who wants to be a millionaire winner uk?	n/a	[ "Judith Cynthia Aline Keppel" ]	[]	n/a	n/a	n/a	[]	[ { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15391974", "chunk_text": "\"Judith Keppel\"\nJudith Keppel Judith Cynthia Aline Keppel (born 18 August 1942) was the first one-million-pound winner on the television game show \"\"Who Wants to Be a Millionaire?\"\" in the United Kingdom. She is the first person to have won a million pounds or more on a British television game show. She has appeared on the BBC Two quiz show \"\"Eggheads\"\" since 2003. Keppel's father Hon Walter Arnold Crispian Keppel (1914–1996) was a lieutenant commander in the Fleet Air Arm, who moved with the family to various naval postings around Britain until they settled in London when she was 17. She took", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 0 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12967908", "chunk_text": "\"Who Wants to Be a Millionaire?\"\non 19 November 1999. Carpenter did not use a lifeline until the final question, using his Phone-a-Friend not for help but to call his father to tell him he had won the million. Other notable top prize winners include Judith Keppel, the first winner of the UK version; Kevin Olmstead from the U.S. version, who won a progressive jackpot of $2.18 million; Martin Flood from the Australian version, who was investigated by producers after suspicions that he had cheated, much like Charles Ingram, but was later cleared; and Sushil Kumar from the Indian version, who is often referred to in", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 1 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16181073", "chunk_text": "\"Ian Woodley\"\nF.C.. Ian Woodley Ian Woodley (born 1960) is an English millionaire game show winner and professional poker player, based in Lee, South London. On 24 December 1999, Woodley won £1,000,000 on Chris Evans' television series TFI Friday, during the \"\"Someone's Going to be a Millionaire\"\" section of the show. This section was designed to guarantee a winner of £1,000,000 on British television for the first time (Who Wants to be a Millionaire? did not have a £1,000,000 winner until Judith Keppel won on 20 November 2000). Woodley won the prize by successfully answering the question \"\"In the film American Pie,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 2 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9988846", "chunk_text": "\"Ian Woodley\"\nIan Woodley Ian Woodley (born 1960) is an English millionaire game show winner and professional poker player, based in Lee, South London. On 24 December 1999, Woodley won £1,000,000 on Chris Evans' television series TFI Friday, during the \"\"Someone's Going to be a Millionaire\"\" section of the show. This section was designed to guarantee a winner of £1,000,000 on British television for the first time (Who Wants to be a Millionaire? did not have a £1,000,000 winner until Judith Keppel won on 20 November 2000). Woodley won the prize by successfully answering the question \"\"In the film American Pie, what", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 3 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19412934", "chunk_text": "\"Who Wants to Be a Millionaire: Canadian Edition\"\nto fruition. The series was hosted by Pamela Wallin. The Canadian version aired on CTV in September 2000. As in the United Kingdom and the United States, contestants tried to answer 15 multiple-choice questions to win CA$1,000,000 (US$750,000) with three lifelines (50:50, Phone-A-Friend, and Ask The Audience) to help them. Contestants were guaranteed $1,000 for correctly answering the fifth question, and $32,000 for the tenth. Bill Shizas was the first contestant on the Canadian show. He won $1,000 after answering his $8,000 question incorrectly. The biggest winner during the show's run was François Dominic Laramée, a writer from Verdun, Quebec.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 4 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10577392", "chunk_text": "\"David Edwards (quiz contestant)\"\nDavid Edwards (quiz contestant) David Edwards (born 1947) is a Welsh born Physics teacher, best known as a TV quiz contestant. On 21 April 2001 he became the first man to win the million pounds on the British \"\"Who Wants to Be a Millionaire?\"\" and only the second person to answer all 15 questions correctly, and hence win the prize, after Judith Keppel. He competed in both series of \"\"Are You an Egghead?\"\", reaching the last 16 in 2008, and the final in 2009, where he lost to fellow \"\"Millionaire\"\" winner Pat Gibson. Born in Barry, Wales, Edwards graduated in", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 5 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12967907", "chunk_text": "\"Who Wants to Be a Millionaire?\"\nor hear what's been going on throughout the show until one of them gets called. When the contestant calls one of their friends, the friend appears onscreen and both the contestant and friend can see and hear each other. During the course of the game show's history, there were a number of unique lifeline additions in various versions of the programme: Out of all contestants that have played the game, few have been able to win the top prize on any international version of the show. The first was John Carpenter, who won the top prize on the U.S. version", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 6 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12967909", "chunk_text": "\"Who Wants to Be a Millionaire?\"\nWestern media as the \"\"real-life \"\"Slumdog Millionaire\"\"\"\". Of all the international versions, the Japanese version has produced the most number (38) of top prize winners, including juniors. The most recent \"\"Millionaire\"\" winner is Hansani Kavindi in the Sri Lankan version, who won Rs. 2,000,000 on December 8, 2018. \"\"Who Wants to Be a Millionaire?\"\" debuted in Britain on 4 September 1998, with episodes broadcast on the ITV network. When it began airing, the show was hosted by Chris Tarrant, and became an instant hit – at its peak in 1999, one edition of the show was watched by over 19", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 7 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1077376", "chunk_text": "\"Pat Gibson\"\nPat Gibson Patrick Gibson (born 19 July 1961) is an Irish quizzer. On 24 April 2004 he became the fourth contestant to win the £1m jackpot on the quiz show \"\"Who Wants to Be a Millionaire?\"\". He is a multiple world champion in quizzing and one of the world's most successful quiz players. He is best known for winning several quiz shows and being a panellist on \"\"Eggheads\"\". He was born and educated in Ireland but has lived in the United Kingdom for many years and competes as part of the England quiz team. Gibson is currently the No. 1", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 8 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18750364", "chunk_text": "\"Make Me a Millionaire\"\nleave with the accumulated earnings or continue to play (by saying the show's title). A second wrong guess ends the game and the player's earnings are halved (the $10,000 minimum is not halved). From the show's premiere through July 18, 2009, the player won only $10,000 when the game ended from a second wrong guess. Regardless of the outcome, the winner receives 1,000 \"\"Make Me a Millionaire\"\" scratchers (or a bonus prize). The biggest winner is Natalie Marston, who wins $5.2 million. The first show was recorded on December 14, 2008 and broadcast on January 17, 2009. It aired weekly", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 9 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5114528", "chunk_text": "\"Are You an Egghead?\"\nv. Dom Tait: David Edwards, the first male jackpot winner of \"\"Who Wants to Be a Millionaire?\"\", defeated Dom Tait, a former \"\"University Challenge\"\" semi-finalist. David won four head-to-head rounds to Dom's one before winning 4–3 in the final round. Match Seven: Shanker Menon v. Isobel Williams: Shanker, a 2008 World Quizzing Championships competitor, beat Isobel Williams 7–6 in the first match to go to sudden death in the final round. Shanker had won 3 head-to-head rounds to Isobel's 2 in a closely fought battle. Isobel was the first contestant on the programme to have no previous quizzing experience. Match", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 10 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7169292", "chunk_text": "\"Who Wants to Be a Millionaire? (UK game show)\"\nanswering a question, and are provided with a safety net that grants them a guaranteed cash prize if they give an incorrect answer, provided they reach a specific milestone in the quiz. The original series aired for 30 series and a total of 592 episodes, from 4 September 1998 to 11 February 2014, and was presented by Chris Tarrant. Over the course of its run, the original series had around five contestants walk away with the top cash prize of £1 million, and faced a number of controversies during its run, including an attempt to defraud the show of its", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 11 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7953835", "chunk_text": "\"Who Wants to Be a Millionaire? New Zealand\"\nhistory after walking away with NZ$250,000, the highest amount of money ever given to a single person on New Zealand television. The show received wide media coverage after the first ever contestant on the show, Courtney Washington, walked away with nothing after incorrectly answering the question about BMW supplying New Zealand's new fleet of ministerial limousines. As in the syndicated United States' version, contestants were selected for the show through a qualifying test instead of the traditional \"\"Fastest Finger First\"\" as seen on the British version. Contestants sit in the \"\"Hot Seat\"\" and are asked increasingly difficult general knowledge questions", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 12 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9010426", "chunk_text": "\"Who Wants to Be a Millionaire? (Australian game show)\"\nbuff Paddy Spooner, aimed to exploit the selection procedure and increase the chances of beating 100,000 others in the race to appear on the show. The Chronicle & Echo had learned the syndicate accused of fast-tracking contestants on to the show managed to get hold of tie-breaker style questions likely to be used on phone lines rung by members of the public. Potential contestants were then told possible answers in return for a percentage of any future cash winnings. In November 2005, Martin Flood became the show's second jackpot winner. However, it was alleged that he may have cheated in", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 13 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17357622", "chunk_text": "\"Who Wants to Be a Millionaire? (UK game show)\"\ngame without playing a shot - if their opponent double-faulted on every serve, and the player aced each of their own serves, it would allow them to win with just 12 strokes. Based on their findings, the production staff acknowledged the mistake and apologised for it, but allowed Kennedy to keep the prize money he won by the end of his game. When Judith Keppel's victory as the first UK jackpot winner on \"\"Who Wants to Be a Millionaire?\"\" was announced by ITV on the day of that the corresponding episode was to be broadcast, several allegations were made that", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 14 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13371638", "chunk_text": "\"Charles Ingram\"\nCharles Ingram Charles William Ingram (born 1963) is an English former British Army major who became known for cheating on the television game show \"\"Who Wants to Be a Millionaire?\"\" in 2001, after winning the maximum prize of a million pounds. Following a lengthy trial at Southwark Crown Court, he was convicted on a single count of procuring the execution of a valuable security by deception. In 2003, he was convicted of an unrelated insurance fraud, and ordered to resign his commission as a major by the Army Board. Ingram is married to Diana Ingram, and has since participated in", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 15 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11632581", "chunk_text": "\"Pat Gibson\"\nin 2013 with a score of 172/210. Despite being originally from Ireland, Gibson competes for the England team. Pat plays in the Summer in the Orrell and District League for the Millstone team and in the winter in the Ormskirk league for Collywobblers. Gibson currently resides in Wigan. Pat Gibson Patrick Gibson (born 19 July 1961) is an Irish quizzer. On 24 April 2004 he became the fourth contestant to win the £1m jackpot on the quiz show \"\"Who Wants to Be a Millionaire?\"\". He is a multiple world champion in quizzing and one of the world's most successful quiz", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 16 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "394877", "chunk_text": "\"Things Aren't Simple Any More\"\nfilm the piece. The transmission of the game show \"\"Who Wants to Be a Millionaire?\"\" on rival channel ITV at the same time as the final series of \"\"One Foot\"\" led to the ratings that year being lower than for previous series. The broadcast of \"\"Things Aren't Simple Any More\"\" coincided with the broadcast of the first UK jackpot win on \"\"Millionaire\"\". The news of Judith Keppel's win, recorded the preceding Sunday, was leaked to the press; ITV announced Keppel's success at a press conference on the day of broadcast. Renwick was annoyed that this would take \"\"audience interest\"\" away", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 17 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1233490", "chunk_text": "\"Who Wants to Be a Millionaire?\"\nand so far only, \"\"Gameshow Hall of Fame\"\" special. Although the show employed many ways of preventing cheating, no one working on the British original was prepared for a unique style employed by one contestant – British Army Major Charles Ingram. In September 2001, Ingram took part on the game show for two days, joined by his wife Diana and college lecturer Tecwen Whittock. After his first day, he devised a plan to help him win the £1 million cash prize the following day – for each question he faced, Ingram would read out the answers for a question, whereupon", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 18 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7169293", "chunk_text": "\"Who Wants to Be a Millionaire? (UK game show)\"\ntop prize by a contestant. The original format of the programme was tweaked in later years, changing the number of questions from fifteen to twelve and altering the payout structure as a result, and later incorporating a time limit. Four years after the original series ended, ITV announced that the series would be revived, this time produced by Stellify Media, to commemorate the 20th anniversary of the programme. The revived format was based upon the original design. It was hosted by Jeremy Clarkson, filmed at dock10 studios and aired every evening between 6 May and 11 May 2018. On 14", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 19 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16641518", "chunk_text": "\"John Carpenter (game show contestant)\"\nwife, and his son. Additionally, he was also the first expert in the \"\"Ask the Expert\"\" lifeline for the eighth season of the syndicated series. John Carpenter (game show contestant) John Carpenter (born c. 1968) is an American game show contestant and IRS agent. He is best known for becoming the first top prize winner on the United States version of \"\"Who Wants to Be a Millionaire\"\". He held the record for the largest single win in United States game show history, until it was broken by Rahim Oberholtzer who won $1.12 million on another U.S. quiz show, \"\"Twenty One\"\".", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 20 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12967887", "chunk_text": "\"Who Wants to Be a Millionaire?\"\nWho Wants to Be a Millionaire? Who Wants to Be a Millionaire? (abbreviated WWTBAM and informally known as simply Millionaire) is an international television game show franchise of British origin, created by David Briggs, Mike Whitehill and Steven Knight. In its format, currently owned and licensed by Sony Pictures Television, contestants tackle a series of multiple-choice questions to win large cash prizes, with the format being a twist on the game show genre – only one contestant plays at a time, similar to radio quizzes; contestants are given the question before attempting an answer, and have no time limit to", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 21 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15612271", "chunk_text": "\"Craig Phillips\"\nhe has played football and tennis for charity at major UK championship venues including Anfield (\"\"Liverpool\"\"), St. Andrew's (\"\"Birmingham City\"\") and Wimbledon (\"\"tennis\"\"). To date he has raised over £500,000 for charities and charitable causes. As of May 2009 he had accumulated wealth of £15 million. Craig Phillips Craig Phillips (born 16 October 1971 in Liverpool, Merseyside, England) is an English builder, DIY expert, television personality and presenter. He is best known for winning the first series of the reality television show \"\"Big Brother\"\" in 2000. He is trained as a bricklayer and in DIY, appearing in numerous series related", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 22 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10945601", "chunk_text": "\"Fifteen to One\"\npoints (plus a nominal 20 for 2 remaining lives) and triumphed over Haberdashers' Aske's Boys' School from Elstree in Hertfordshire (250 points), and Westbourne High School from Ipswich (245 points). In one show, in the 16th series in 1995, William G. Stewart dropped his cards whilst explaining the rules of the first round. The questions had to be scrapped. A notable contestant on this show, and clearly seen in the outtake as he was standing at position 7, was Ingram Wilcox, who later won the top prize on \"\"Who Wants to Be a Millionaire?\"\". On 25 December 1999, a \"\"Millennium", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 23 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13880448", "chunk_text": "\"Laurence Llewelyn-Bowen\"\nwas about the first man to travel to space twice, and the correct answer to the question was Gus Grissom. They decided not to risk it this time and walked away with the £500,000. This amount is the highest amount that any celebrity couple has won on any British edition of \"\"Who Wants To Be a Millionaire?\"\" The £468,000 they originally lost was also the \"\"greatest loss\"\" ever seen on the show, and no other contestant has ever answered the final question incorrectly in the United Kingdom version. The allegedly misleading question was \"\"Translated from the Latin, what is the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 24 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20567644", "chunk_text": "\"John Carpenter (game show contestant)\"\nJohn Carpenter (game show contestant) John Carpenter (born c. 1968) is an American game show contestant and IRS agent. He is best known for becoming the first top prize winner on the United States version of \"\"Who Wants to Be a Millionaire\"\". He held the record for the largest single win in United States game show history, until it was broken by Rahim Oberholtzer who won $1.12 million on another U.S. quiz show, \"\"Twenty One\"\". Carpenter was also the first top prize winner among all international versions of the \"\"Who Wants to Be a Millionaire?\"\" series. On the November 19,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 25 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17357627", "chunk_text": "\"Who Wants to Be a Millionaire? (UK game show)\"\nthe Bowens back to tackle a new question, with their original winnings reinstated; the couple chose not to risk the new question, and left with £500,000 for their charity. In September 2001, British Army Major Charles Ingram became a contestant on \"\"Who Wants to Be a Millionaire?\"\", joined by his wife Diana, and a close friend and college lecturer, Tecwen Whittock. After the first day of filming, the group devised a scheme that would allow Ingram to win the £1 million cash prize when he returned for the second day of recording, on 10 September - for each question he", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 26 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12967888", "chunk_text": "\"Who Wants to Be a Millionaire?\"\nanswer questions; and the amount offered increases as they tackle questions that become increasingly difficult. The maximum cash prize offered in most versions of the format is one million of the local currency. The original British version debuted on 4 September 1998, and was aired until its final episode on 11 February 2014; a revived series of seven episodes to commemorate its 20th anniversary in 2018, were aired from 5 to 11 May. Since its debut, international variants of the game show have been aired in around 160 countries worldwide. The format of the show was created by David Briggs,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 27 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13759778", "chunk_text": "\"Ingram Wilcox\"\nis the son of the painter Leslie Arthur Wilcox and brother of photographer William Wilcox. Ingram Wilcox Ingram Wilcox (born 1944) is a British quiz enthusiast who became the fifth and final person to win £1 million on \"\"Who Wants to Be a Millionaire?\"\" in the United Kingdom on 23 September 2006. When he reached the million-pound question, he had already used up all his lifelines. In two previous appearances he reached the \"\"fastest finger first\"\" stage but did not get through. His final question was \"\"Which boxer was famous for striking the gong in the introduction to J. Arthur", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 28 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6640562", "chunk_text": "\"Tim Campbell (businessman)\"\nTim Campbell (businessman) Timothy \"\"Tim\"\" Campbell, MBE is an English businessman best known as the winner of the first series of the British version of \"\"The Apprentice\"\", a BBC TV reality show in which contestants battle to win a £100,000-a-year job working for businessman Alan Sugar. Campbell, a Middlesex University graduate in psychology, worked as a Senior Planner within the Strategy and Service Development (formally Marketing and Planning) directorate of London Underground before applying to appear on the show. Campbell was hired by Sir Alan Sugar in the final episode of series 1 of \"\"The Apprentice\"\", screened in May 2005.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 29 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17357603", "chunk_text": "\"Who Wants to Be a Millionaire? (UK game show)\"\nshow created, ITV assigned Chris Tarrant as its host, and set its premiere to 4 September 1998. The programme was assigned a timeslot of one hour, to provide room for three commercial breaks, with episodes produced by production company Celador. Originally, the show was broadcast on successive evenings for around ten days, before the network modified its broadcast schedule to air it within a primetime slot on Saturday evenings, with occasional broadcasts on Tuesday evenings. \"\"Who Wants to Be a Millionaire?\"\" proved a ratings hit, pulling in average viewing figures of up to 19 million during its broadcast in 1999,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 30 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12967897", "chunk_text": "\"Who Wants to Be a Millionaire?\"\nTurkish versions. The payout structure, as a whole, was subsequently changed as a result, with the second safety net relocated to £50,000: When the game show was revived for British television in 2018, the format was changed a second time, reverting to the original arrangement used before 2007, but with one notable difference, in that the second safety net was made adjustable – once a contestant reached £1,000, the host would ask them, before giving the next question, if they wish to set the next cash prize amount as the second safety net, with this allowing them to set up", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 31 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13759776", "chunk_text": "\"Ingram Wilcox\"\nIngram Wilcox Ingram Wilcox (born 1944) is a British quiz enthusiast who became the fifth and final person to win £1 million on \"\"Who Wants to Be a Millionaire?\"\" in the United Kingdom on 23 September 2006. When he reached the million-pound question, he had already used up all his lifelines. In two previous appearances he reached the \"\"fastest finger first\"\" stage but did not get through. His final question was \"\"Which boxer was famous for striking the gong in the introduction to J. Arthur Rank films?\"\" He correctly chose Bombardier Billy Wells to win the prize. In 1980 he", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 32 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17357639", "chunk_text": "\"Who Wants to Be a Millionaire (U.S. game show)\"\nMillionaire?\"\" franchise. The original U.S. version aired on ABC from August 16, 1999, to June 27, 2002, and was hosted by Regis Philbin. The daily syndicated version of the show began airing on September 16, 2002, and was hosted for eleven seasons by Meredith Vieira until May 31, 2013. Later hosts included Cedric the Entertainer in the 2013–14 season, Terry Crews in the following season (2014–15), and Chris Harrison, who began hosting on September 14, 2015. As the first U.S. network game show to offer a million-dollar top prize, the show made television history by becoming one of the highest-rated", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 33 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12967941", "chunk_text": "\"Who Wants to Be a Millionaire?\"\nCD game, to a 3-night Disney Cruise. Who Wants to Be a Millionaire? Who Wants to Be a Millionaire? (abbreviated WWTBAM and informally known as simply Millionaire) is an international television game show franchise of British origin, created by David Briggs, Mike Whitehill and Steven Knight. In its format, currently owned and licensed by Sony Pictures Television, contestants tackle a series of multiple-choice questions to win large cash prizes, with the format being a twist on the game show genre – only one contestant plays at a time, similar to radio quizzes; contestants are given the question before attempting an", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 34 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17357619", "chunk_text": "\"Who Wants to Be a Millionaire? (UK game show)\"\nof the show's history, these lifelines involve the following: On 23 October 2004 the show included a new feature called the \"\"Walkaway Text Game\"\". The competition was offered to viewers at home to play the text game where they had to answer the question, if a contestant decided to walk home with the cash prize they have got, by choosing the letters 'A, B, C or D' within 30 seconds to a specific mobile number. The viewer who answered the question won £1,000 by having their entries selected randomly. On 9 September 2006, there were some changes. The competition stayed", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 35 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13811089", "chunk_text": "\"Who Wants to Be a Millionaire? (Israeli game show)\"\nWho Wants to Be a Millionaire? (Israeli game show) Who Wants To Be A Millionaire? (, translit. \"\"Mi Rotze Lihyot Milyoner?\"\"), also often referred to as just Millionaire, was an Israeli game show based on the original British format of \"\"Who Wants to Be a Millionaire?\"\". Having started broadcasting in 1999 on Channel 2, the show was hosted by Yoram Arbel, and shown on Channel 10. One contestant, Izhar Nevo, has won the top prize, on 7 August 2000. Nevo used his final lifeline, 50/50, on the last question and when still unsure of the answer tossed a coin to", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 36 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13371640", "chunk_text": "\"Charles Ingram\"\n9 and 10 September 2001, Ingram was a contestant on the television game show \"\"Who Wants to Be a Millionaire?\"\". His wife Diana Ingram and her brother Adrian Pollock had previously been contestants on the show, both winning £32,000. The show, presented by Chris Tarrant, was one of the highest-rated in the United Kingdom at its peak in 1999; one edition was watched by 19 million viewers, a third of the British population. By the time recording ended on the first day, Ingram had reached £4,000 and used two of his three \"\"lifelines\"\". The production team doubted he would proceed", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 37 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1006106", "chunk_text": "\"Chris Tarrant\"\n2017, Tarrant appeared in court charged with drink-driving. He returned to court on 18 January 2018 and received a £6,000 fine and a 12-month driving ban. Chris Tarrant Christopher John Tarrant, (born 10 October 1946) is an English radio and television broadcaster. He hosted the ITV children's television show \"\"Tiswas\"\" from 1974 to 1981, as well as the ITV game show \"\"Who Wants to Be a Millionaire?\"\" from 1998 to 2014, while also providing some audio recordings for some console games and a tabletop game made by Tiger Electronics based on the show. He was a Capital Radio host from", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 38 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8507694", "chunk_text": "\"A Question of Genius\"\nif they take the four choices, the amount of money is then halved. If they get it wrong they do not win any money at all. In the first series, the contestant's name was added to a leaderboard with the top 10 contestants returning for the final. The winning contestant in the second series returned for the next episode. There were no limits on how many times a contestant could win or on how much money someone could win. The first series was won by Pam Thomas. She got her question of genius wrong but won a trophy to mark", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 39 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17357636", "chunk_text": "\"Who Wants to Be a Millionaire? (UK game show)\"\naround 200 contestants to appear on the show since 1999; he estimates those contestants to have won around £5,000,000. The show producers are believed to have been aware of this operation, with Burgess stating: \"\"The show knows about me and these types of syndicates, but they cover it up to keep the show going.\"\" An earlier version of a Phone a Friend syndicate was reported in the \"\"Northampton Chronicle and Echo\"\" during 2003. Paul Smith, the Managing Director of Celador Productions, stated: \"\"We are aware of Paddy Spooner and what people similar to him are doing, and we have made", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 40 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14939376", "chunk_text": "\"Who Wants to Be a Millionaire – Play It!\"\n\"\"Millionaire\"\" attraction in Disney's Hollywood Studios (Orlando, FL) closed, most of the props from the studio were removed and given to a 3rd party company who sold them online. Such items include all of the audience member keypads, fastest-finger chairs, monitor covers and more. Jeff Gross (former $500,000 winner on the U.S. syndicated version of the show, and also a contestant on the British version of the show where he witnessed the coughing antics of Tecwen Whittock) announced in November 2008 during an appearance as an 'expert' for Millionaire's new \"\"Ask The Expert\"\" lifeline, that he was the successful bidder", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 41 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7169328", "chunk_text": "\"Who Wants to Be a Millionaire? (UK game show)\"\nproduction staff and a \"\"Fastest Finger\"\" contestant attending the recording, Larry Whitehurst. Although the Defence provided evidence claiming Whittock's coughing was a result of dust allergies and a hay fever he was suffering from, and Whittock himself testified against the accusations, the Prosecution refuted these claims with their evidence, including footage that showed Whittock stopped coughing when he became a contestant after Ingram. On 7 April 2003, the group were found guilty, with all three given suspended prison sentences and fines, with the Ingrams later ordered to pay legal costs within two months of the trial's conclusion. On 24 July", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 42 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19293507", "chunk_text": "\"Who Wants to Be a Millionaire? (South African game show)\"\nof making this show in Afrikaans but it was never realised. David Paterson was the only million rand winner, on 19 March 2000. He was the first winner outside of the United States. Official Website Who Wants to Be a Millionaire? (South African game show) Who Wants to Be a Millionaire? is a South African game show hosted by Jeremy Maggs and based on the original British format of \"\"Who Wants to Be a Millionaire?\"\". The goal of the game was to win 1 million rand by answering 15 multiple-choice questions correctly. \"\"Who Wants to Be a Millionaire?\"\" was shown", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 43 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7169401", "chunk_text": "\"Who Wants to Be a Millionaire (U.S. game show)\"\nwinner and become the syndicated series' third millionaire. The first contestant to attempt to answer the million dollar question was Sam Murray, the tournament's eighth-seeded qualifier. On November 11, Murray was asked approximately how many people had lived on Earth in its history and correctly guessed 100 billion. Murray was still atop the leaderboard entering the November 20 finale as he remained the only contestant to even attempt to answer his or her question. The only person who could defeat him was top seed and $250,000 winner Jehan Shamsid-Deen, who was asked a question regarding the Blorenge, cited as \"\"a", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 44 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3392155", "chunk_text": "\"Chris Tarrant\"\nChris Tarrant Christopher John Tarrant, (born 10 October 1946) is an English radio and television broadcaster. He hosted the ITV children's television show \"\"Tiswas\"\" from 1974 to 1981, as well as the ITV game show \"\"Who Wants to Be a Millionaire?\"\" from 1998 to 2014, while also providing some audio recordings for some console games and a tabletop game made by Tiger Electronics based on the show. He was a Capital Radio host from 1984 to 2004. Tarrant was educated as a boarder in Choir House at the King's School, Worcester from 1960 to 1964. He represented the school at", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 45 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "572764", "chunk_text": "\"Who Wants to Be a Millionaire? (Nigerian game show)\"\na contestant called Aroma Ufodike became the first person to win the ₦10 million, and currently, he is the only one who won the top prize of this game show. One of the questions related to celebrated Nigerian football referee Linus Mbah. Just like in Slumdog Millionaire Mr. Ufodike was able to answer the question from his personal experience. Mr. Mbah lived in the apartment above him or, as Mr. Ufodike put it - \"\"He lives on top of me!\"\" The Nigerian variation of Who Wants To Be A Millionaire has special editions which are recorded and broadcast at certain", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 46 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12097517", "chunk_text": "\"One Foot in the Grave\"\nhad gone upstairs during a game of Happy Families and not returned; Ronnie then shows her feet hanging outside of the window, revealing that she has committed suicide. The Broadcasting Standards Commission received complaints about this scene. When the final episode, \"\"Things Aren't Simple Any More\"\" originally aired on 20 November 2000 at 9pm, it coincided with the broadcast of the first jackpot winner in the UK version of \"\"Who Wants to Be a Millionaire?\"\", which had been filmed the Sunday before the broadcast. ITV was accused of engineering this in order to damage the final episode's expected high ratings,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 47 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12967914", "chunk_text": "\"Who Wants to Be a Millionaire?\"\nin 2013, and Terry Crews in 2014, before Chris Harrison took full hosting responsibilities in Autumn 2015. On 1 October 1999, NTV launched a Russian version the game show, entitled \"\"О, счастливчик!\"\" (\"\"Oh, lucky man!!!\"\"). This version ran until its final episode on 28 January 2001, whereupon a few weeks later it was relaunched under the Russian translation of \"\"Who Wants to Be a Millionaire?\"\", on Channel One. The relaunched version was hosted by Maxim Galkin until 2008, when he was replaced as host by Dmitry Dibrov after that. On 3 July 2000, an Indian version of the game show", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 48 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15144627", "chunk_text": "\"Big Brother 1 (UK)\"\nBig Brother 1 (UK) Big Brother 2000, also retrospectively known as Big Brother 1, was the first series of the British reality television series \"\"Big Brother\"\". The show followed eleven contestants, known as housemates, who were isolated from the outside world for an extended period of time in a custom built House. Each week, one or more of the housemates were evicted by a public vote. The last remaining housemate, Craig Phillips, was declared the winner, winning a cash prize of £70,000. The series lasted 64 days and was presented by Davina McCall. It launched on Channel 4 on 18", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 49 } ]
test_3462	where's the pro bowl going to be this year?	n/a	[ "Camping World Stadium in Orlando" ]	[]	n/a	n/a	n/a	[]	[ { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18889547", "chunk_text": "\"2018 Pro Bowl\"\n2018 Pro Bowl The 2018 Pro Bowl was the National Football League's all-star game for the 2017 season, which was played at Camping World Stadium in Orlando, Florida on January 28, 2018. For the first time since 2008, the game started during afternoon hours instead of primetime hours for U.S. Mainland viewers with a 3:00 PM ET start. It marked the second year the game was played in Orlando. It was televised nationally by ESPN and simulcasted on ABC. The roster was announced on December 19 on NFL Network. The AFC team won the game 24–23, the second straight year", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 0 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18889549", "chunk_text": "\"2018 Pro Bowl\"\nconsidered Pro Bowlers. The 2018 Pro Bowl was televised nationally by ABC, ESPN, and ESPN Deportes. The simulcast marked the game's return to broadcast television, as well as its return to ABC for the first time since 2003. To accommodate the return to broadcast television, the game moved from primetime to an afternoon start time to avoid interfering with ABC's Primetime Lineup. 2018 Pro Bowl The 2018 Pro Bowl was the National Football League's all-star game for the 2017 season, which was played at Camping World Stadium in Orlando, Florida on January 28, 2018. For the first time since 2008,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 1 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6468446", "chunk_text": "\"2019 Pro Bowl\"\n2019 Pro Bowl The Pro Bowl will be the National Football League's all-star game for the 2018 NFL season which will be played on January 27, 2019 at Camping World Stadium in Orlando, Florida. It will be televised nationally by ESPN and also simulcast on ABC. The 2019 Pro Bowl game will feature the same format as the previous five Pro Bowls. For the sixth straight year, the Pro Bowl will differ from standard NFL game rules and format in that there will be no kickoffs and every quarter will have a 2 minute warning. The following players were selected", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 2 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7621789", "chunk_text": "\"2017 Pro Bowl\"\n2017 Pro Bowl The 2017 Pro Bowl (branded as the 2017 Pro Bowl presented by Aquafina for sponsorship reasons) was the National Football League's all-star game for the 2016 season, which was played at Camping World Stadium in Orlando, Florida on January 29, 2017. The game was the first in a three-year deal to host the Pro Bowl in Orlando, which also included cross-promotional events (such as a newly-established skills competition) held at the Walt Disney World Resort (which is owned by the primary parent company of the game's broadcaster, ESPN). After three years of using a draft format, the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 3 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18889548", "chunk_text": "\"2018 Pro Bowl\"\nthe Pro Bowl was won by the AFC. Under a three-year deal that began in 2017, the Pro Bowl will once again be hosted by Camping World Stadium in Orlando. The Pro Bowl Skills Challenge was held on January 25 at the Walt Disney World Resort and its ESPN Wide World of Sports Complex. The game format was the same as for 2017, highlighted by: The following players were selected to represent the AFC: The following players were selected to represent the NFC: Notes: Players must have accepted their invitations as alternates to be listed; those who declined are not", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 4 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6468447", "chunk_text": "\"2019 Pro Bowl\"\nto represent the AFC: The following players were selected to represent the NFC: This will be the last year of a three-year deal that began in 2017 that the Pro Bowl will be held at Camping World Stadium in Orlando, Florida. The game will be televised nationally by ESPN, and simulcasted by ABC and broadcast via radio by Westwood One. 2019 Pro Bowl The Pro Bowl will be the National Football League's all-star game for the 2018 NFL season which will be played on January 27, 2019 at Camping World Stadium in Orlando, Florida. It will be televised nationally by", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 5 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18892484", "chunk_text": "\"Pro Bowl\"\nstar power of Pro Bowls, international popularity and viewership will increase. A report released May 19, 2016, indicated that the 2017 Pro Bowl would instead be hosted at a newly renovated Camping World Stadium in Orlando, Florida; Orlando beat out Brazil (which apparently did not make the final round of voting), Honolulu, Super Bowl host site Houston, and a bid from Sydney, Australia for the hosting rights. On June 1, 2016, the league announced that it was restoring the old conference format. Currently, players are voted into the Pro Bowl by the coaches, the players themselves, and the fans. Each", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 6 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14936592", "chunk_text": "\"2017 Pro Bowl\"\n2017 Pro Bowl returned to the previous conference-based format, played between all-star teams representing the American Football Conference and National Football Conference. The AFC all-stars were coached by Andy Reid, and the NFC all-stars were coached by Jason Garrett. At least five locations were in contention to host the 2017 Pro Bowl, with four submitting formal bids. On June 1, 2016, the NFL announced that it had awarded the next three Pro Bowl games to Orlando. Commissioner Roger Goodell announced that the 2017 Pro Bowl would be a \"\"week-long celebration for football and our fans\"\"; a number of family-oriented side", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 7 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14936594", "chunk_text": "\"2017 Pro Bowl\"\nplayers Jerome Bettis, Tony Gonzalez, Ray Lewis, and Charles Woodson. The game format was nearly the same for 2017 as it had been in 2016, with some exceptions: The following players were selected to represent the AFC: The following players were selected to represent the NFC: Notes: The game was televised nationally by ESPN and broadcast via radio by Westwood One. 2017 Pro Bowl The 2017 Pro Bowl (branded as the 2017 Pro Bowl presented by Aquafina for sponsorship reasons) was the National Football League's all-star game for the 2016 season, which was played at Camping World Stadium in Orlando,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 8 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5669816", "chunk_text": "\"2017 NFL season\"\nwith the Wild Card playoff round. The four winners of these playoff games visited the top two seeded teams in each conference in the Divisional round games played on the weekend of January 13–14, 2018. The winners of those games advanced the Conference championship games was held on January 21, 2018. The two Conference champions advanced to Super Bowl LII was held on February 4, 2018 at U.S. Bank Stadium in Minneapolis. The 2018 Pro Bowl was held at Camping World Stadium in Orlando on January 28, 2018. During a September 22, 2017 speech, the President of the United States,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 9 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18892483", "chunk_text": "\"Pro Bowl\"\n9, 2014, the NFL announced that the 2015 Pro Bowl would be played the week before the Super Bowl at University of Phoenix Stadium in Glendale, Arizona on January 25, 2015. The game returned to Hawaii in 2016, and the \"\"unconferenced\"\" format was its last. For 2017, the league considered hosting the game at Maracanã Stadium in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, which if approved will be the first time the game has been hosted outside the United States. The NFL is also considering future Pro Bowls in Mexico and Germany. The NFL hopes that by leveraging international markets with the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 10 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17199308", "chunk_text": "\"Pro Bowl\"\nPro Bowl The Pro Bowl is the all-star game of the National Football League (NFL). From the merger with the rival American Football League (AFL) in 1970 up through 2013 and since 2017, it is officially called the AFC–NFC Pro Bowl, matching the top players in the American Football Conference (AFC) against those in the National Football Conference (NFC). From 2014 through 2016, the NFL experimented with an unconferenced format, where the teams were selected by two honorary team captains (who are each in the Hall of Fame), instead of selecting players from each conference. The players were picked in", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 11 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17199310", "chunk_text": "\"Pro Bowl\"\ngames, although the game draws similar ratings to other major all-star games, such as the Major League Baseball All-Star Game. However, the biggest concern of teams is to avoid injuries to the star players. The Associated Press wrote that players in the 2012 game were \"\"hitting each other as though they were having a pillow fight\"\". Between 1980 and 2016, the game was played at Aloha Stadium in Hawaii, save for two years. On June 1, 2016, the NFL announced that they reached a multi-year deal to move the game to Orlando, Florida as part of the league's ongoing efforts", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 12 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13860191", "chunk_text": "\"2018 NFL season\"\nthe weekend of January 12–13. The winners of those games will advance to the Conference Championship games on January 20. (In the event that both Los Angeles teams advance to their respective conference championships with both as the home team, one of the two games will be postponed to the evening of January 21.) The 2019 Pro Bowl will be held at Camping World Stadium in Orlando, Florida on January 27 and will be broadcast on ESPN and ABC. Super Bowl LIII will be held on February 3 at Mercedes-Benz Stadium in Atlanta, on CBS. Note:\"\" Scenarios involving ties are", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 13 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14936593", "chunk_text": "\"2017 Pro Bowl\"\nevents was held at the Walt Disney World Resort and its ESPN Wide World of Sports Complex, including practices, a 5K run, youth events, and player appearances. On December 12, 2016, the NFL announced that it would hold a series of skills competitions during Pro Bowl week at the Wide World of Sports Complex, known as the \"\"Pro Bowl Skills Showdown\"\". On June 1, 2016, the NFL confirmed that the Pro Bowl would return to its previous, conference-based format for 2017, after three years of using a draft-based format with players selected by designated captains. The captains were former NFL", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 14 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6297539", "chunk_text": "\"2016 Pro Bowl\"\n2016 Pro Bowl The 2016 Pro Bowl (branded as the 2016 Pro Bowl presented by USAA for sponsorship reasons) was the National Football League's all-star game for the 2015 season, which was played at Aloha Stadium in Honolulu, Hawaii on January 31, 2016. Andy Reid of the Kansas City Chiefs and Mike McCarthy of the Green Bay Packers were selected to coach the teams due to their teams being the highest seeded teams from each conference to lose in the Divisional Round of 2015–16 NFL playoffs, which has been the convention since the 2010 Pro Bowl. On January 27, Mike", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 15 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14397722", "chunk_text": "\"2014 Pro Bowl\"\n2014 Pro Bowl The 2014 Pro Bowl was the National Football League's all-star game for the 2013 season. It took place at 2:30 pm local time on January 26 at Aloha Stadium in Honolulu, Hawaii. The game was televised nationally by NBC and was the final Pro Bowl on network television before ABC’s airing in 2018 as part of a simulcast with sister network ESPN, whose parent company Disney currently holds domestic TV rights to the game. Significant changes to the Pro Bowl format were adopted in an attempt to make the game more \"\"fan-friendly\"\". These changes were proposed by", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 16 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7434879", "chunk_text": "\"2016 NFL season\"\nfour winners of these playoff games visited the top two seeded teams in each conference in the Divisional round games, which were played on the weekend of January 14–15, 2017. The winners of those games advanced to the Conference championship games, which will be held on January 22, 2017. The 2017 Pro Bowl was held at the recently renovated Camping World Stadium (the former Citrus Bowl stadium) in Orlando, Florida on January 29, 2017 and aired on ESPN. Super Bowl LI was held on February 5, 2017 at NRG Stadium in Houston on Fox. On April 25, 2016, the 2nd", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 17 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20156526", "chunk_text": "\"2015 Pro Bowl\"\n2015 Pro Bowl The 2015 Pro Bowl was the National Football League's all-star game for the 2014 season. It began at 6 pm local time on January 25 at University of Phoenix Stadium in Glendale, Arizona, and it was the first Pro Bowl to be held outside Hawaii since 2010. The game was televised nationally by ESPN. The game continued the \"\"unconferenced\"\" format that was debuted in the 2014 Pro Bowl. The game was the third Pro Bowl that took place in the same site as that year's Super Bowl. It was also the sixth consecutive year where the Pro", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 18 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17199311", "chunk_text": "\"Pro Bowl\"\nto make the game more relevant. For years, the game has suffered from lack of interest due to perceived low quality. The 2017 Pro Bowl marked a return to the AFC–NFC format. The first \"\"Pro All-Star Game\"\", featuring the all-stars of the 1938 season (as well as three players from the Los Angeles Bulldogs and Hollywood Bears, who were not members of the league), was played on January 15, 1939 at Wrigley Field in Los Angeles. The NFL All-Star Game was played again in Los Angeles in 1940 and then in New York and Philadelphia in 1941 and 1942 respectively.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 19 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6297543", "chunk_text": "\"2016 Pro Bowl\"\nthe game nationally, with Kevin Kugler on play-by-play, Tony Boselli on color commentary, and Laura Okmin on the sidelines. 2016 Pro Bowl The 2016 Pro Bowl (branded as the 2016 Pro Bowl presented by USAA for sponsorship reasons) was the National Football League's all-star game for the 2015 season, which was played at Aloha Stadium in Honolulu, Hawaii on January 31, 2016. Andy Reid of the Kansas City Chiefs and Mike McCarthy of the Green Bay Packers were selected to coach the teams due to their teams being the highest seeded teams from each conference to lose in the Divisional", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 20 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6297542", "chunk_text": "\"2016 Pro Bowl\"\nthe same for 2016 as it had been in 2015. The previous year's experimental rule of kicking the point after touchdown from the 15-yard line became a permanent rule. The goal posts remained at their normal 18-foot width in 2016, as compared to the narrower 14-foot width from the 2015 Pro Bowl. Notes: Players must have accepted their invitations as alternates to be listed; those who declined, such as Philip Rivers, are not considered Pro Bowlers. The game was televised nationally by ESPN, which has the exclusive broadcast rights to the Pro Bowl through to 2022. Westwood One radio broadcast", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 21 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18892508", "chunk_text": "\"Pro Bowl\"\nNFL's most underrated players during his career. Long snappers are picked by the coaches and not voted on at all. They are not allowed to play on their own coach's team. Pro Bowl The Pro Bowl is the all-star game of the National Football League (NFL). From the merger with the rival American Football League (AFL) in 1970 up through 2013 and since 2017, it is officially called the AFC–NFC Pro Bowl, matching the top players in the American Football Conference (AFC) against those in the National Football Conference (NFC). From 2014 through 2016, the NFL experimented with an unconferenced", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 22 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6741931", "chunk_text": "\"2013 Pro Bowl\"\nthe game. 2013 Pro Bowl The 2013 Pro Bowl was the National Football League's sixty-third annual all-star game which featured players from the 2012 season. It took place at 2:30 pm Hawaii–Aleutian Time (; 7:30 pm Eastern Time) on Sunday, January 27, 2013 at the Aloha Stadium in Honolulu, Hawaii. The game was televised nationally by NBC in place of CBS. The game was delayed for 30 minutes due to flash flood warnings. John Fox of the AFC West Denver Broncos led the AFC \"\"home team\"\" against a \"\"visiting\"\" NFC team that was coached by the Green Bay Packers head", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 23 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18892476", "chunk_text": "\"Pro Bowl\"\na televised \"\"schoolyard pick\"\" prior to the game. Unlike most major sports leagues, which hold their all-star games roughly midway through their regular seasons, the Pro Bowl is played around the end of the NFL season. Between 1970 and 2009, it was usually held the weekend after the Super Bowl. Since 2010, the Pro Bowl has been played the weekend before the Super Bowl. Players from the two teams competing in the Super Bowl do not participate. Observers and commentators expressed their disfavor with the Pro Bowl in its current state. It draws lower TV ratings than regular season NFL", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 24 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1893184", "chunk_text": "\"2013 Pro Bowl\"\n2013 Pro Bowl The 2013 Pro Bowl was the National Football League's sixty-third annual all-star game which featured players from the 2012 season. It took place at 2:30 pm Hawaii–Aleutian Time (; 7:30 pm Eastern Time) on Sunday, January 27, 2013 at the Aloha Stadium in Honolulu, Hawaii. The game was televised nationally by NBC in place of CBS. The game was delayed for 30 minutes due to flash flood warnings. John Fox of the AFC West Denver Broncos led the AFC \"\"home team\"\" against a \"\"visiting\"\" NFC team that was coached by the Green Bay Packers head coach Mike", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 25 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16706858", "chunk_text": "\"Pro Bowl\"\nthat the red, white and blue colors that the game uniforms bore throughout its entire history will no longer be used for this game. As the NFC–AFC format was not used between 2014 through 2016, team 1 sported a white uniform with bright orange and team 2 sported a gray uniform with volt green. The new uniforms received mixed reviews from fans and sports columnists alike, one even mentioning that the game would look like an \"\"Oregon vs. Oklahoma State\"\" game. Since 2017, when the conference format was restored, the league takes an approach similar to the NFL Color Rush", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 26 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19414608", "chunk_text": "\"2011 Pro Bowl\"\n2011 Pro Bowl The 2011 Pro Bowl was the National Football League's all-star game for the 2010 season. It took place at 7:00 p.m. EST (2:00 p.m. local time) on Sunday, January 30, 2011 at Aloha Stadium in Honolulu, Hawaii. The NFC defeated the AFC, 55–41. In 2010, the NFL's contract with Hawaii's Aloha Stadium expired, and commissioner (Roger Goodell) reviewed several options of locations for the Pro Bowl. Eventually, it was decided that the 2010 Pro Bowl would be played at Sun Life Stadium in Miami, Florida where Super Bowl XLIV would be held. Goodell also decided the Pro", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 27 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16706859", "chunk_text": "\"Pro Bowl\"\ninitiative, in which jerseys, pants, and socks were all a uniform color (red for the AFC, blue for the NFC). As of the 2017 Pro Bowl, 28 players have been invited to at least 11 Pro Bowls in their careers. Except for those that are current active or not yet eligible, each of these players have been inducted into the Pro Football Hall of Fame. Five players share the record of having been invited to 14 Pro Bowls, the first being Merlin Olsen, followed by Bruce Matthews, Tony Gonzalez, Peyton Manning, and most recently Tom Brady. The Pro Bowl is", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 28 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16706861", "chunk_text": "\"Pro Bowl\"\nthe years, meaning that the very best players are not necessarily featured. Not having the best players in the Pro Bowl was exacerbated by the introduction of fan voting (see section below). Another criticism of the game is that the players—particularly on defense—are not playing \"\"full speed\"\". This is because player injury plays a much greater part in a team's success in the NFL as compared to the other major American sports. For this reason, unlike the NBA, NHL, and MLB (which host their all-star events as a mid-season break), the Pro Bowl was historically held after the completion of", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 29 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20187818", "chunk_text": "\"2019 NFL season\"\n2019 season include: The 2019 Playoffs are tentatively scheduled to begin on the weekend of January 4–5, 2020 with the Wild Card Playoff round. The four winners of these games will visit the top two seeds in each conference in the Divisional round games, tentatively scheduled for January 11–12. The winners of those games will advance to the Conference championships tentatively scheduled for January 19. The 2020 Pro Bowl will be held at a site to be announced, tentatively scheduled for January 26 and will be broadcast on ESPN. Super Bowl LIV, tentatively scheduled for February 2, will be played", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 30 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18892481", "chunk_text": "\"Pro Bowl\"\nSuper Bowl). With the new rule being that the conference teams do not include players from the teams that will be playing in the Super Bowl, the Pro Bowl then returned to Hawaii in 2011 but was again held during the week before the Super Bowl, where it remained for three more years. The 2012 game was met with criticism from fans and sports writers for the lack of quality play by the players (see below). On October 24, 2012, NFL Commissioner Roger Goodell had second thoughts about the Pro Bowl, telling a Sirius XM show that if the players", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 31 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18892502", "chunk_text": "\"Pro Bowl\"\ndeclined to participate after losing the conference championship, like the 2015 New England Patriots, which had seven starters on the Pro Bowl roster. This, among other factors, caused the 2016 Pro Bowl to be more of a game featuring emerging players, with a record of 133 players selected overall (including those who were absent), and ended up including rookie quarterback Jameis Winston instead of recognized veterans Tom Brady and Carson Palmer, who were both in the conversation for the 2015 NFL season MVP before losing in their respective conference finals. Fan voting has increased criticism of the Pro Bowl. Voting", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 32 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5669821", "chunk_text": "\"2017 NFL season\"\n\"\"Monday Night Football\"\" and the Pro Bowl. This also was the second and final year of the current \"\"Thursday Night Football\"\" contract with CBS, NBC, and NFL Network. Along with ESPN's Wild Card game on ABC, ESPN announced on May 24, 2017, that the 2018 Pro Bowl would also be simulcast on ABC, marking the return of the Pro Bowl to ABC for the first time since 2003. For the first 9 weeks of the regular season, ESPN2 simulcast ESPN Deportes' Spanish-language \"\"Monday Night Football\"\" broadcasts; this served as filler programming for the channel until the start of its Monday-night", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 33 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7702815", "chunk_text": "\"Super Bowl XLIV\"\nfor the Super Bowl. The Pro Bowl returned to Honolulu the following season and remained there until 2015, when it was played in Glendale, AZ, a week before Super Bowl XLIX, also in Glendale. The game returned it to Honolulu in 2016, and beginning in 2017 is played in Orlando permanently. The move also meant that the Pro Bowl, which was won by the AFC by a score of 41–34, would avoid competing against the 2010 NBA All-Star Game, the second full day of competition in the 2010 Winter Olympics, and the 52nd running of the Daytona 500, as would", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 34 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10622587", "chunk_text": "\"2013 Pro Bowl\"\nMcCarthy of the NFC North. These coaches were selected for coaching the highest seeded team to lose in the Divisional Round of the playoffs, which has been the convention since the 2009 Pro Bowl. Ed Hochuli was the game referee. Players on the winning team (NFC) each earned $50,000, while players on the losing team (AFC) earned $25,000. The Houston Texans and San Francisco 49ers had the most Pro Bowl selections with nine. The Kansas City Chiefs, despite only winning two games, had six selections. Six teams, the Carolina Panthers, Philadelphia Eagles, St. Louis Rams, Tennessee Titans, Jacksonville Jaguars, and", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 35 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20156528", "chunk_text": "\"2015 Pro Bowl\"\nways following their playoff loss, so Harbaugh (who coached the Ravens, the other Divisional Round loser from the AFC) was selected instead. Notes: 2015 Pro Bowl The 2015 Pro Bowl was the National Football League's all-star game for the 2014 season. It began at 6 pm local time on January 25 at University of Phoenix Stadium in Glendale, Arizona, and it was the first Pro Bowl to be held outside Hawaii since 2010. The game was televised nationally by ESPN. The game continued the \"\"unconferenced\"\" format that was debuted in the 2014 Pro Bowl. The game was the third Pro", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 36 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6297541", "chunk_text": "\"2016 Pro Bowl\"\nJerry Rice (winning 2014 Pro Bowl captain) and Michael Irvin (winning 2015 Pro Bowl captain). Darren Woodson and Eric Davis served as defensive co-captains for Irvin and Rice respectively, in both cases reuniting two former teammates (Irvin and Woodson were teammates on the Dallas Cowboys from 1992 to 1999, while Rice and Davis played together with the San Francisco 49ers from 1990 to 1995). The Fantasy draft was held January 27 at 7:30 P.M. EST on ESPN2 at Wheeler Army Airfield in Wahiawa, Hawaii as part of an extension to the NFL's military appreciation campaign. The game format was nearly", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 37 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18976504", "chunk_text": "\"2010 Pro Bowl\"\nthat the Pro Bowl was held somewhere other than Aloha Stadium in Honolulu since 1980 (1979 season). NFL Commissioner Roger Goodell said the move was made after looking at alternatives to strengthen the Pro Bowl. The game was moved up in order to prevent a conflict that would have taken place if the game had taken place on February 13 or 14, with the game facing against the NBA All-Star Game, Winter Olympics, and Daytona 500. Due to the change, players from the conference championship teams, who were going to play in the Super Bowl the following week—the Indianapolis Colts", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 38 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20187814", "chunk_text": "\"2019 NFL season\"\nthe team's first scheduled preseason game. The Pro Football Hall of Fame Game, with teams to be announced, is tentatively scheduled for August 1, 2019 and will be televised nationally by NBC. The game will be held at Tom Benson Hall of Fame Stadium in Canton, Ohio, the same city where the league was founded 99 years prior. On October 18, 2018, the NFL announced that it would commemorate its 100th season throughout 2019, beginning at Super Bowl LIII. An NFL 100 emblem will be featured in promotions across all NFL properties during the season, worn on jerseys as a", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 39 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16706860", "chunk_text": "\"Pro Bowl\"\nstill subject to the NFL's blackout policies, requiring the game to be blacked out within of the stadium site if the game does not sell out all of the stadium's seats. For decades, the Pro Bowl has been criticized as a glamour event more than a football game. This is due to two causes: the voluntary nature of the game, and the fear of player injury. While players are financially compensated for participating in the Pro Bowl, for a star player, the pay can be less than 1% of their salary. Many star players have excused themselves from participation over", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 40 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5850677", "chunk_text": "\"Alliance of American Football\"\ntraining camps were held at the Alamodome in San Antonio from November 12–14, 2018. On November 27, the league held a four-round \"\"Protect or Pick\"\" quarterback draft in the Esports Arena at Luxor Las Vegas and broadcast on CBS Sports Network. The AAF plans to begin its inaugural, 10-week season on February 9, 2019. The four-team playoff is to be capped with the league's championship game at Sam Boyd Stadium in Las Vegas, planned for the weekend of April 26–28. If the AAF survives to reach its second season, it will find itself in direct competition with a revived XFL,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 41 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18892480", "chunk_text": "\"Pro Bowl\"\nthe series (1951–1972) were played in Los Angeles. The site of the game was changed annually for each of the next seven years before the game was moved to Aloha Stadium in Halawa, Hawaii for 30 straight seasons from 1980 through 2009. The 2010 Pro Bowl was played at Sun Life Stadium, the home stadium of the Miami Dolphins and host site of Super Bowl XLIV, on January 31, the first time ever that the Pro Bowl was held before the championship game (a decision probably due to increasingly low Nielsen ratings from being regarded as an anti-climax to the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 42 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8531994", "chunk_text": "\"2007 Pro Bowl\"\n2007 Pro Bowl The 2007 Pro Bowl was the National Football League's all-star game for the 2006 season. The game took place on February 10, 2007, at Aloha Stadium in Honolulu, Hawaii. The game was held on a Saturday instead of the usual Sunday after the Super Bowl because of a request by broadcaster CBS. The 2007 Pro Bowl marked the 28th consecutive time that the National Football League's all-star game is held in Honolulu. The NFC was coached by Sean Payton of the New Orleans Saints. The AFC was coached by Bill Belichick of the New England Patriots. AFC", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 43 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18976503", "chunk_text": "\"2010 Pro Bowl\"\n2010 Pro Bowl The 2010 Pro Bowl was the National Football League's all-star game for the 2009 season. It took place at 8:00 PM EST on Sunday, January 31, 2010, at Sun Life Stadium in Miami Gardens, Florida, the home stadium of the Miami Dolphins and host site of Super Bowl XLIV. The television broadcasters were Mike Tirico, Ron Jaworski and Jon Gruden. The AFC won the game 41–34. The 2010 Pro Bowl was held on the weekend before the Super Bowl, the first time ever that the Pro Bowl was held before the championship game, and the first time", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 44 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1333887", "chunk_text": "\"2008 Pro Bowl\"\nwere released on December 18, 2007, with New England Patriots quarterback Tom Brady starting for the AFC and the Green Bay Packers' Brett Favre for the NFC. However, Brett Favre withdrew due to an ankle injury. Notable Pro Bowl selections included the late Sean Taylor. The Dallas Cowboys had a record thirteen players named to the Pro Bowl roster, while five teams, including all four members of the NFC South, had no players initially named (Jeff Garcia of the Tampa Bay Buccaneers was later chosen as a replacement quarterback for Brett Favre.) On February 4, 2008, Brady, Patriots receiver Randy", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 45 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18892488", "chunk_text": "\"Pro Bowl\"\nthe Divisional Playoff Round with the best regular season record would have their coaching staffs lead their respective conference Pro Bowl team returning to the format used from 1978–1982. It remained that way through 2013; it resumed in 2017. If the losing teams of each conference had the same regular season record the coaches from the higher-seeded team will get the Pro Bowl honor. From 2014 to 2016, the Pro Bowl coaches came from the two teams with the best records that lost in the Divisional Playoffs. (In the 2015 Pro Bowl, when John Fox left his coaching job with", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 46 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16140947", "chunk_text": "\"NFLPA Collegiate Bowl\"\nNFLPA Collegiate Bowl The NFLPA Collegiate Bowl is a post-season college football game for NFL draft-eligible college players, held annually in January. The event was founded in 2012 by the National Football League Players Association. The most recent game was played on January 20, 2018, at the Rose Bowl in Pasadena, California; the National team won, 23–0. The next game will be played at the same venue on January 19, 2019. In January 2012, the National Football League Players Association (NFLPA) founded the NFLPA Collegiate Bowl after sponsoring the Texas vs The Nation game in previous years. The inaugural NFLPA", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 47 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16706844", "chunk_text": "\"Pro Bowl\"\ndid not play more competitively [in the 2013 Pro Bowl], he was \"\"not inclined to play it anymore\"\". During the ensuing off-season, the NFL Players Association lobbied to keep the Pro Bowl, and negotiated several rule changes to be implemented for the 2014 game. Among them, the teams will no longer be AFC vs. NFC, and instead be selected by captains in a fantasy draft. For the 2014 game, Jerry Rice and Deion Sanders were chosen as alumni captains, while their captains were Drew Brees and Robert Quinn (Rice), along with Jamaal Charles and J. J. Watt (Sanders). On April", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 48 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8207689", "chunk_text": "\"2015 NFL season\"\ntop two seeded teams in each conference. The Divisional round games were then played on the weekend of Saturday, January 16 and Sunday, January 17, 2016. The Conference championships were held on Sunday, January 24, 2016 with the AFC Championship Game and the NFC Championship Game. The 2016 Pro Bowl was held on January 31, 2016 at the Aloha Stadium in Honolulu, Hawaii. The game continued the \"\"unconferenced/draft\"\" format that was started in 2014, with Jerry Rice and Michael Irvin serving as the alumni captains. Team Irvin defeated Team Rice 49–27. Super Bowl 50 decided the 2015 NFL Champion and", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 49 } ]
test_3463	who sang raindrops keep fallin on my head?	n/a	[ "B. J. Thomas" ]	[]	n/a	n/a	n/a	[]	[ { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6788611", "chunk_text": "\"Raindrops Keep Fallin' on My Head\"\nbreak in double time while Paul Newman performed bicycle stunts. The single by B. J. Thomas reached No. 1 on charts in the United States, Canada, Norway and reached No. 38 in the UK Singles Chart. It topped the \"\"Billboard\"\" Hot 100 for four weeks in January 1970 and was also the first American No. 1 hit of the 1970s. The song also spent seven weeks atop the Billboard adult contemporary chart. \"\"Billboard\"\" ranked it as the No. 4 song of 1970. According to \"\"Billboard\"\" magazine, Thomas' single had sold over 2 million copies by March 14, 1970, with eight-track", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 0 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6788610", "chunk_text": "\"Raindrops Keep Fallin' on My Head\"\nRaindrops Keep Fallin' on My Head \"\"Raindrops Keep Fallin' on My Head\"\" is a song written by Hal David and Burt Bacharach for the 1969 film \"\"Butch Cassidy and the Sundance Kid\"\". It won an Academy Award for Best Original Song. David and Bacharach also won Best Original Score. The song was recorded by B. J. Thomas in seven takes, after Bacharach expressed dissatisfaction with the first six. In the film version of the song, Thomas had been recovering from laryngitis, which made his voice sound hoarser than in the 7-inch release. The film version featured a separate vaudeville-style instrumental", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 1 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12462874", "chunk_text": "\"Raindrops Keep Fallin' on My Head (Andy Williams album)\"\nRaindrops Keep Fallin' on My Head (Andy Williams album) Raindrops Keep Fallin' on My Head is the twenty-fifth studio album by American pop singer Andy Williams and was released in the spring of 1970 by Columbia Records. Williams was less focused on covering recent hits on this project and instead selected several songs from the singer-songwriter genre. \"\"Billboard\"\" magazine opined that the album \"\"may well be titled 'A Journey Through Life.' Through carefully selected songs it conveys a message of dreams, hopes, reality, frustrations and ultimate truth.\"\" The album made its first appearance on the Top LP's chart in the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 2 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12462883", "chunk_text": "\"Raindrops Keep Fallin' on My Head (Andy Williams album)\"\nRaindrops Keep Fallin' on My Head (Andy Williams album) Raindrops Keep Fallin' on My Head is the twenty-fifth studio album by American pop singer Andy Williams and was released in the spring of 1970 by Columbia Records. Williams was less focused on covering recent hits on this project and instead selected several songs from the singer-songwriter genre. \"\"Billboard\"\" magazine opined that the album \"\"may well be titled 'A Journey Through Life.' Through carefully selected songs it conveys a message of dreams, hopes, reality, frustrations and ultimate truth.\"\" The album made its first appearance on the Top LP's chart in the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 3 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12169073", "chunk_text": "\"B. J. Thomas\"\nB. J. Thomas Billy Joe \"\"B.J.\"\" Thomas (born August 7, 1942) is an American popular singer. He is particularly known for his hit songs of the 1960s and 1970s, which appeared on the pop, country, and Christian music charts. His best-known recordings are the Burt Bacharach and Hal David song \"\"Raindrops Keep Fallin' on My Head\"\" and the original version of the Mark James song \"\"Hooked on a Feeling\"\". Thomas was raised in and around Houston, Texas, graduating from Lamar Consolidated High School in Rosenberg. Before his solo career, he sang in a church choir as a teenager, then joined", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 4 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6788615", "chunk_text": "\"Raindrops Keep Fallin' on My Head\"\nentitled \"\"Altar Egos\"\". It was also used in the 2003 film \"\"The In-Laws\"\" starring Michael Douglas and Albert Brooks, which was a remake of the 1979 Peter Falk / Alan Arkin film. B. J. Thomas version Johnny Farnham version The song has been covered numerous times. In 1969, Craig Douglas released a version produced by Tony Hatch. From January 24 to March 13, 1970, it was a number-one hit (for seven weeks) in Australia on the \"\"Go-Set\"\" National Top 40 for local pop singer, Johnny Farnham. In 1970, it was also covered by Dionne Warwick on her album \"\"I'll Never", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 5 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16363288", "chunk_text": "\"Bill Pitman\"\nBill Pitman William Keith \"\"Bill\"\" Pitman (born February 12, 1920) is an American guitarist and session musician. As a first-call studio musician working in Los Angeles, Pitman played on some of the most celebrated and influential records of the rock and roll era. His mastery of the guitar placed him in high demand for popular music recordings, television programs, and film scores. The style and range of his playing covered a wide spectrum, from the distinctive ukulele in the Academy Award-winning song \"\"Raindrops Keep Fallin' on My Head\"\", to a rich-sounding Danelectro guitar that gave \"\"The Wild Wild West\"\" its", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 6 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10826173", "chunk_text": "\"Bill Pitman\"\nBill Pitman William Keith \"\"Bill\"\" Pitman (born February 12, 1920) is an American guitarist and session musician. As a first-call studio musician working in Los Angeles, Pitman played on some of the most celebrated and influential records of the rock and roll era. His mastery of the guitar placed him in high demand for popular music recordings, television programs, and film scores. The style and range of his playing covered a wide spectrum, from the distinctive ukulele in the Academy Award-winning song \"\"Raindrops Keep Fallin' on My Head\"\", to a rich-sounding Danelectro guitar that gave \"\"The Wild Wild West\"\" its", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 7 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6788616", "chunk_text": "\"Raindrops Keep Fallin' on My Head\"\nFall in Love Again\"\", by Engelbert Humperdinck on his album \"\"We Made It Happen\"\", Johnny Mathis on his album \"\"Raindrops Keep Fallin' on My Head\"\", Perry Como on his album \"\"It's Impossible\"\", The Four Tops on their album \"\"Changing Times\"\", Andy Williams on his album, \"\"Raindrops Keep Fallin' on My Head\"\", and The Free Design on their album \"\"Stars/Time/Bubbles/Love\"\". Portuguese-born television and radio presenter Pedro Biker released a Danish version re-entitled \"\"Regndråber Drypper I Mit Hår\"\" in 1970. A Swedish version was also made in 1970, \"\"Regnet det bara öser ner\"\" sung by Siw Malmkvist. Genesis referenced the song title", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 8 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6788612", "chunk_text": "\"Raindrops Keep Fallin' on My Head\"\nand cassette versions also climbing the charts. Ray Stevens was first offered the opportunity to record it for the film, but turned it down. He chose instead to record the song \"\"Sunday Morning Coming Down\"\", written by Kris Kristofferson. Bob Dylan is supposed to have been approached for the song, but he, too, reportedly declined. The trumpet solos in the song are performed by Chuck Findley. In 2004, it finished at number 23 on AFI's 100 Years...100 Songs survey of top tunes in American cinema. In 2008, the single was ranked 85th on \"\"Billboard\"\"'s Hot 100 All-Time Top Songs and", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 9 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10969695", "chunk_text": "\"American Sound Studio\"\nincluding a cover version of The Beatles' \"\"Hey Jude\"\". B. J. Thomas came full circle. The five-time Grammy Award winner made his name in the mid-1960s with easy listening hits like \"\"Raindrops Keep Fallin' on My Head\"\" recorded at American Sound Studio The song written by Hal David and Burt Bacharach for the 1969 film \"\"Butch Cassidy and the Sundance Kid\"\", winning an Academy Award for Best Original Song. Further, David and Bacharach won Best Original Score. The version by B. J. Thomas was number one on the \"\"Billboard\"\" Hot 100 chart in the United States in January 1970 for", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 10 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6788620", "chunk_text": "\"Raindrops Keep Fallin' on My Head\"\nfirst recorded instance of drummer Sean Moore performing on trumpet, and also appears on their 2003 B-sides and rarities compilation album \"\"Lipstick Traces (A Secret History of Manic Street Preachers)\"\". The Manics further reference the film \"\"Butch Cassidy and the Sundance Kid\"\" with the B-side \"\"Sepia\"\". The Barry Sisters covered the song in a Yiddish version (\"\"Trop'ns Fin Regen Oif Mein Kop\"\") on their 1973 album \"\"Our Way\"\". Lisa Miskovsky covered the song in the extended version of her self-titled (2004) album. Raindrops Keep Fallin' on My Head \"\"Raindrops Keep Fallin' on My Head\"\" is a song written by Hal", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 11 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1047780", "chunk_text": "\"Raindrops Keep Fallin' on My Head (Johnny Mathis album)\"\nRaindrops Keep Fallin' on My Head (Johnny Mathis album) Raindrops Keep Fallin' on My Head is an album by American pop singer Johnny Mathis that was released on February 25, 1970, by Columbia Records and included several covers of chart hits from the previous year along with 1964's \"\"Watch What Happens\"\" and the 1966 tunes \"\"Alfie\"\" and \"\"A Man and a Woman\"\". The album's producer, Jack Gold, added lyrics to the instrumental theme from \"\"Midnight Cowboy\"\", and it became the first song from the album to be released as a single. While it did manage to reach number 20 on", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 12 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1047783", "chunk_text": "\"Raindrops Keep Fallin' on My Head (Johnny Mathis album)\"\nJack Gold steering the ship is much more restrained than when Percy Faith and Nelson Riddle added their magic to Mathis's voice, but for the time it was just perfect.\"\" From the liner notes for \"\"\"\": Raindrops Keep Fallin' on My Head (Johnny Mathis album) Raindrops Keep Fallin' on My Head is an album by American pop singer Johnny Mathis that was released on February 25, 1970, by Columbia Records and included several covers of chart hits from the previous year along with 1964's \"\"Watch What Happens\"\" and the 1966 tunes \"\"Alfie\"\" and \"\"A Man and a Woman\"\". The album's", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 13 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1551333", "chunk_text": "\"Howard Gable\"\nFarnham - Raindrops Keep Fallin' On My Head Label: ColumbJia - DO-8965 Vinyl, 7\"\" Single 45 RPM A Side Raindrops Keep Fallin' On My Head ( Bacharach - David) 2:30 B Side Two (Farnham) Credits · Arranged by Peter Jones · Engineer – Roger Savage · Produced by Howard Gable · Recorded at Armstrongs Studios, Melbourne, Australia Johnny Farnham - Comic Conversation Label: EMI Columbia -DO-9234 Vinyl 7\"\" Single 45 RPM A Side Comic Conversation (John Bromley) 3:20 B Side Pretty Things (Johnny Farnham) Credits · Arranged by Geoff Hales · Engineer – Roger Savage, Ern Rose · Produced by", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 14 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9138215", "chunk_text": "\"Raindrops Keep Fallin' on My Head (Andy Williams album)\"\nAs a non-album single in the US, it entered \"\"Billboard\"\" magazine's Hot 100 chart in the issue dated February 28, 1970, and spent three weeks there, getting as high as number 88. It also began a three-week run on the magazine's chart of the week's 40 most popular Easy Listening (or Adult Contemporary) songs in that issue, where it eventually made it to number 28. The song debuted on the UK singles chart on March 14, 1970, and lasted there 17 weeks, four of which were spent at number three. The other song that was on the UK album but", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 15 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6788618", "chunk_text": "\"Raindrops Keep Fallin' on My Head\"\nWelsh rock band Manic Street Preachers cover version is credited with adding greater nuance to the song, the \"\"Financial Times\"\" citing their recording as transforming the song from carefree optimism to \"\"an exhortation to keep going in the face of tragedy\"\" and noting that Bradfield's voice \"\"added grit to the facile lyric\"\". The group often spent their downtime on the tour bus watching the film \"\"Butch Cassidy and the Sundance Kid\"\", and incorporated the song into live sets. After the disappearance of lyricist Richey Edwards, the band decided to continue rather than split up. Having booked studio time in France", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 16 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12462882", "chunk_text": "\"Raindrops Keep Fallin' on My Head (Andy Williams album)\"\nby Andy Williams.\"\" From the liner notes for the 2002 CD: In his review of \"\"Raindrops Keep Fallin' on My Head\"\" on AllMusic.com, William Ruhlmann notes that the \"\"LP's catalog number is out of sequence with his other releases, and it may well be that an earlier version was pulled back, since hits like the title track and 'Bridge Over Troubled Water' appear to have been added at the last minute and the recording sessions stretch across more than a year.\"\" From the liner notes for \"\"The Complete Columbia Chart Singles Collection\"\": From the liner notes for the original album:", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 17 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6788617", "chunk_text": "\"Raindrops Keep Fallin' on My Head\"\nin their lyrics of In the Cage\"\" in 1974. It has been covered in French by French singer Sacha Distel, whose version \"\"Toute La Pluie Tombe Sur Moi\"\" was a number 10 hit in the UK Singles Chart, and number 13 in Ireland, as well as number 10 in France. Distel also recorded a version with the original English lyrics, and another in Italian, \"\"Gocce Di Pioggia Su Di Me\"\". Bobbie Gentry's version reached number 40 in the UK chart. Paul Mauriat recorded it with his Grand Orchestra it 1973. It was the only known cover in the USSR. The", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 18 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10754878", "chunk_text": "\"John Farnham\"\nthe Australian albums charts. His next single was a cover of Harry Nilsson's \"\"One\"\"; Farnham's version peaked at #4. When \"\"TV Week\"\" sponsored the 'King of Pop' awards, readers would forward their votes from coupons, Farnham won the most popular male award and was crowned 'King of Pop' five consecutive times from 1969–1973. He recorded a cover of the B.J. Thomas hit \"\"Raindrops Keep Fallin' on My Head\"\" which became his second No. 1 hit in December 1969 and remained at top spot for seven weeks into January 1970. Farnham's next album, \"\"Looking Through a Tear\"\", was released in July", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 19 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6788613", "chunk_text": "\"Raindrops Keep Fallin' on My Head\"\nplaced 95th in the 55th Anniversary edition of the All-Time Hot 100 list in 2013. \"\"Billboard Magazine\"\" also ranked the song 15th on its Top 50 Movie Songs of All Time list in 2014. On December 3, 2013, the National Academy of Recording Arts and Sciences announced that the single would be inducted into the 2014 Grammy Hall Of Fame. \"\"Raindrops Keep Fallin' on My Head\"\" was used in the film \"\"Spy Hard\"\", which parodied the scene in \"\"Butch Cassidy and the Sundance Kid\"\". Police Constable Pan-Am sings the opening lines at the end of his appearance in Series 2,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 20 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12169081", "chunk_text": "\"B. J. Thomas\"\nacoustic arrangements of well known hits. It features guest appearances with established and emerging vocalists accompanying Thomas on seven of twelve tracks. On December 3, 2013, the National Academy of Recording Arts and Sciences announced that his 1969 single \"\"Raindrops Keep Fallin' on My Head\"\" would be inducted into the Grammy Hall of Fame. Thomas has been married to singer-songwriter Gloria Richardson since December 1968. They have three daughters: Paige (born 1970), Nora (adopted from North Korea in 1978), and Erin (born in 1979). Shortly after Thomas's career began, he became dependent on drugs and alcohol, which led to his", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 21 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1194144", "chunk_text": "\"Sacha Distel\"\nSacha Distel Alexandre \"\"Sacha\"\" Distel (29 January 1933 – 22 July 2004) was a French singer, guitarist, and actor who had hits with a cover version of \"\"Raindrops Keep Falling on My Head\"\", \"\"Scoubidou\"\", and \"\"The Good Life\"\". He was made Chevalier (Knight) of the Légion d'honneur in 1997. Distel was the son of Russian-Jewish emigre Léonine Distel who was born in Odessa (Russian Empire) and French-Jewish pianist Andrée Ventura (1902–1965), born in Constantinople. His uncle, bandleader Ray Ventura, promoted jazz in the 1930s and was involved with swing in France. After Ventura settled in Paris with his orchestra Les", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 22 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1047781", "chunk_text": "\"Raindrops Keep Fallin' on My Head (Johnny Mathis album)\"\n\"\"Billboard\"\" magazine's Easy Listening chart during the five weeks it spent there that began in the issue dated November 15, 1969, an instrumental version by Ferrante and Teicher had debuted there just two weeks earlier and surpassed the Mathis showing by reaching number two in addition to peaking at number 10 on the magazine's Hot 100. \"\"Odds and Ends\"\" was the second single from this album and had its first appearance on the Easy Listening chart in the March 21, 1970, issue, beginning a three-week run that took the song to number 30. The album itself started a run of", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 23 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20756642", "chunk_text": "\"The Best of Johnny Farnham\"\nat #1 for seven weeks in January–March 1970. The Best of Johnny Farnham The Best Of Johnny Farnham is the first compilation album by Australian singer Johnny Farnham, it was released on World Record Club in 1971. \"\"Sadie (The Cleaning Lady)\"\" was first released in November 1967 and peaked at #1 on the \"\"Go-Set\"\" National Singles Charts for five weeks early in 1968. His cover of the B. J. Thomas hit \"\"Raindrops Keep Fallin' On My Head\"\" had been released in November 1969 and peaked at #1 for seven weeks in January–March 1970. The album cover was available in a", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 24 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20756639", "chunk_text": "\"The Best of Johnny Farnham\"\nThe Best of Johnny Farnham The Best Of Johnny Farnham is the first compilation album by Australian singer Johnny Farnham, it was released on World Record Club in 1971. \"\"Sadie (The Cleaning Lady)\"\" was first released in November 1967 and peaked at #1 on the \"\"Go-Set\"\" National Singles Charts for five weeks early in 1968. His cover of the B. J. Thomas hit \"\"Raindrops Keep Fallin' On My Head\"\" had been released in November 1969 and peaked at #1 for seven weeks in January–March 1970. The album cover was available in a variety of colours including orange, red and blue.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 25 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18572794", "chunk_text": "\"Looking Through a Tear\"\nA Tear\"\" released in July 1970, which peaked at #11 on the Kent Music Report Albums Charts. Looking Through a Tear Looking Through A Tear is the third studio album by Australian pop singer Johnny Farnham, it was released in Australia by EMI Records in July 1970. Farnham's covers of Harry Nilsson's \"\"One\"\", and B. J. Thomas' \"\"Raindrops Keep Fallin' On My Head\"\" were released as singles, and helped to propel the album to #11 on the Australian Kent Music Report Album Charts. \"\"One\"\"/\"\"Mr. Whippy\"\" (non-album track) was released as a double A-side in July 1969 and peaked at #4", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 26 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17143260", "chunk_text": "\"Looking Through a Tear\"\nLooking Through a Tear Looking Through A Tear is the third studio album by Australian pop singer Johnny Farnham, it was released in Australia by EMI Records in July 1970. Farnham's covers of Harry Nilsson's \"\"One\"\", and B. J. Thomas' \"\"Raindrops Keep Fallin' On My Head\"\" were released as singles, and helped to propel the album to #11 on the Australian Kent Music Report Album Charts. \"\"One\"\"/\"\"Mr. Whippy\"\" (non-album track) was released as a double A-side in July 1969 and peaked at #4 on the \"\"Go-Set\"\" National Singles Charts. \"\"Raindrops Keep Fallin' On My Head\"\" was released in November and", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 27 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12462878", "chunk_text": "\"Raindrops Keep Fallin' on My Head (Andy Williams album)\"\nFallin' on My Head\"\" was released on compact disc for the first time as one of two albums on one CD by Collectables Records on January 22, 2002, the other album being Williams's Columbia release from the fall of 1969, \"\"Get Together with Andy Williams\"\". Collectables included this CD in a box set entitled \"\"Classic Album Collection, Vol. 2\"\", which contains 15 of his studio albums and two compilations and was released on November 29, 2002. \"\"About a year ago, I received a call from Mason Williams, excited about an idea he had for Andy. He asked me if I", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 28 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7714230", "chunk_text": "\"B. J. Thomas\"\nthe Bacharach/David song \"\"Raindrops Keep Fallin' on My Head\"\", which won the Academy Award for best original song that year and hit No. 1 on the \"\"Billboard\"\" Hot 100 in January 1970. Sales of it also exceeded one million copies, with Thomas being awarded his third gold record. The song was also released on an album of the same title. Other hits of the 1970s were \"\"Everybody's Out of Town\"\", \"\"I Just Can't Help Believing\"\" (No. 9 in 1970, covered by Elvis Presley), \"\"No Love at All\"\", \"\"Mighty Clouds of Joy\"\", and \"\"Rock and Roll Lullaby\"\". Thomas's earlier hits were", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 29 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16226141", "chunk_text": "\"Forever Yours (Dottie West album)\"\nForever Yours (Dottie West album) Forever Yours is the name of a Country music album by Dottie West, released in 1970. This album was named after the single spawned from this album. The \"\"Forever Yours\"\" single just missed breaking the Billboard Country Top 20, reaching No. 21. There is a mixture of songs on here, some are heartbreak songs, and some such as cover versions of \"\"Rocky Top\"\" and the Pop hit \"\"Raindrops Keep Fallin' on My Head\"\" are fun-loving songs. This would be her last charted album as a solo artist until 1973. Album – Billboard (North America) Singles", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 30 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12462880", "chunk_text": "\"Raindrops Keep Fallin' on My Head (Andy Williams album)\"\nwork and fun. I have worked with a lot of artists, but this has been a personal experience which I am pleased to be a part of as a producer.\"\" -- Dick Glasser \"\"I worked in commercial television for about three years, mostly on \"\"The Smothers Brothers Comedy Hour\"\", but I also did two TV specials for Andy. One of the standard forms of TV writing is the medley. In television the medley is usually those parts of popular songs most identifiable to the public, strung together in a musical collage with some kind of theme or storyline connecting them.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 31 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1047782", "chunk_text": "\"Raindrops Keep Fallin' on My Head (Johnny Mathis album)\"\n26 weeks on their Top LP's chart just a few issues later and got as high as number 38. \"\"Raindrops Keep Fallin' on My Head\"\" was released for the first time on compact disc in 1995 as one of two albums on one CD, the other LP being the 1971 Mathis title \"\"Love Story\"\". Joe Viglione of Allmusic remarked that \"\"Mathis rarely gets credit for the way he can bend and shape notes, obvious on \"\"Something\"\" as well as his reading of \"\"Honey Come Back\"\", Glen Campbell's 1970 hit.\"\" He also praised the album as a whole. \"\"The sound with", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 32 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6330091", "chunk_text": "\"It Keeps Rainin'\"\nIt Keeps Rainin' \"\"It Keeps Rainin'\"\" is a song recorded by Fats Domino in 1961, and written by Fats Domino, Dave Bartholomew and Bobby Charles. It was released in the US on Imperial 5753, and in the UK on London HLP-9374, as the B-side of \"\"I Just Cry\"\". The song was covered by Bitty McLean in 1993. \"\"It Keeps Rainin' (Tears From My Eyes)\"\" is a 1993 song by British/Jamaican musician Bitty McLean from his album Just to Let You Know... The single peaked at number two in the UK and was a big hit throughout Europe. It also reached", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 33 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16226142", "chunk_text": "\"Forever Yours (Dottie West album)\"\n– Billboard (North America) Forever Yours (Dottie West album) Forever Yours is the name of a Country music album by Dottie West, released in 1970. This album was named after the single spawned from this album. The \"\"Forever Yours\"\" single just missed breaking the Billboard Country Top 20, reaching No. 21. There is a mixture of songs on here, some are heartbreak songs, and some such as cover versions of \"\"Rocky Top\"\" and the Pop hit \"\"Raindrops Keep Fallin' on My Head\"\" are fun-loving songs. This would be her last charted album as a solo artist until 1973. Album –", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 34 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1020275", "chunk_text": "\"Dee Clark\"\nperform until his death on December 7, 1990, in Smyrna, Georgia, from a heart attack at the age of 52. His last concert was with the Jimmy Gilstrap Band at the Portman Lounge in Anderson, South Carolina. Dee Clark Dee Clark (November 7, 1938 – December 7, 1990) was an American soul singer best known for a string of R&B and pop hits in the late 1950s and early 1960s, including the song \"\"Raindrops,\"\" which became a million-seller in the United States in 1961. He was born Delectus Clark or Delecta Clark, Jr. in Blytheville, Arkansas, and moved to Chicago", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 35 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19046204", "chunk_text": "\"Kevin Carter (song)\"\nto reflect some of Nicky Wire's raw emotion following the disappearance of his close friend and bandmate. The Butch Cassidy connection is also referenced in their song \"\"Australia\"\" (which is where the characters from the film say they will go next, directly before the 'Sepia' sequence), and the decision to record \"\"Raindrops Keep Fallin' on My Head\"\" for the War Child charity compilation \"\"The Help Album\"\". This track was replaced by a single release of the track \"\"Further Away\"\" in Japan. All music written by James Dean Bradfield, Sean Moore and Nicky Wire, except where indicated. All lyrics written by", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 36 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3435782", "chunk_text": "\"Dee Clark\"\nDee Clark Dee Clark (November 7, 1938 – December 7, 1990) was an American soul singer best known for a string of R&B and pop hits in the late 1950s and early 1960s, including the song \"\"Raindrops,\"\" which became a million-seller in the United States in 1961. He was born Delectus Clark or Delecta Clark, Jr. in Blytheville, Arkansas, and moved to Chicago in 1941. His mother, Essie Mae Clark, was a gospel singer and encouraged her son to pursue his love of music. Clark made his first recording in 1952 as a member of the Hambone Kids, who enjoyed", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 37 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7210990", "chunk_text": "\"Johnny (John Farnham album)\"\nJohnny (John Farnham album) Johnny is the fifth studio album by Australian pop singer John Farnham, (who was billed then as \"\"Johnny\"\" Farnham) which was released on HMV for EMI Records in August 1971. It peaked at #24 on the Australian Kent Music Report Albums Charts. Farnham had earlier #1 singles with \"\"Sadie (The Cleaning Lady)\"\" in 1968 and his cover of \"\"Raindrops Keep Fallin' On My Head\"\" in 1970; a non-album single, \"\"Acapulco Sun\"\" was released in May 1971 but there were no charting singles from \"\"Johnny\"\". The album features compositions from artists as diverse as George Harrison, Elton", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 38 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18379301", "chunk_text": "\"Kevin Mitchell (musician)\"\nand, on 1 March 2013, for the 'O Week' event run by Australia's universities, Mitchell played a cover version of Santigold's \"\"Disparate Youth\"\". During Bob Evans tours, Mitchell has performed renditions of the Hal David and Burt Bacharach song \"\"Raindrops Keep Fallin' on My Head\"\", He has also attached excerpts from Eric Clapton's song \"\"Tears in Heaven\"\" and Otis Redding's \"\"Dock of the Bay\"\" onto the end of his own songs. Mitchell performed a live version of The Beatles song, \"\"Two of Us\"\", with Josh Pyke during a tour, and paid another tribute to The Beatles with a live rendition", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 39 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16400797", "chunk_text": "\"Layne Staley\"\nStaley was 2 years old, his favorite song was \"\"Raindrops Keep Fallin' on My Head\"\" by B. J. Thomas, he would sing it even though he did not know the words. He joined a rhythm band in Bellevue when he was 2 or 3 years old, and was the youngest in the group. At 9 years old, Staley wrote in his Dr. Seuss book, \"\"All About Me\"\", that he wanted to be a singer. Staley was seven years old when his parents divorced, after which he was raised by his mother and stepfather, Jim Elmer. He took his stepfather's surname", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 40 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6460687", "chunk_text": "\"Cordrazine (band)\"\non the ARIA Albums Chart, and was nominated for 'Breakthrough Artist - Album' at the ARIA Music Awards for 1998. Cordrazine had recorded a cover of the Hal David, Burt Bacharach song \"\"Raindrops Keep Falling on My Head for a tribute album, \"\"To Hal and Bacharach\"\" released by Warner Music Group also in April. In November the group disbanded. Cordrazine (band) Cordrazine are an Australian rock band formed in 1996 in Melbourne, Victoria. They released a top ten album on the Australian Recording Industry Association (ARIA) Albums Chart, \"\"From Here to Wherever\"\" in 1998. The album was nominated for 'Breakthrough", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 41 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8250187", "chunk_text": "\"The Living Room Sessions (B. J. Thomas album)\"\nKid\"\" and won an Academy Award for Best Original Song. Written by Hal David and Burt Bacharach, the song was a No. 1 hit for Thomas and earned him an appearance on the Ed Sullivan Show. Movie goers became re-acquainted with \"\"Raindrops Keep Fallin' on My Head\"\" when it was included in the film Spider-Man 2 (2004). The 1969 recording was inducted into the 2014, Grammy Hall of Fame. Two time Academy of Country Music Award nominee Kyle Lehning produced \"\"The Living Room Sessions\"\" at Sound Stage Studio, Nashville, Tennessee in 2012. Lehning and Thomas kept the pre-production details simple,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 42 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12462881", "chunk_text": "\"Raindrops Keep Fallin' on My Head (Andy Williams album)\"\nI always thought it would be a nice experiment, rather than take the most popular parts of songs, to take good parts of good songs (not necessarily popular) and string them together to have a good theme or storyline instead of just a familiar one. It's a slightly different use of the TV medley concept applied to recording. I did this when I was interested in interpolating the forms of one medium into the forms of another. I think it worked out fine for Andy.\"\" -- Mason Williams \"\"Billboard\"\" described the album as \"\"a pretty work of art, skillfully created", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 43 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9138216", "chunk_text": "\"Raindrops Keep Fallin' on My Head (Andy Williams album)\"\nnot the original was \"\"It's So Easy\"\", which entered the UK singles chart on August 1 of that year and peaked at number 13 over the course of 14 weeks. The track from \"\"Raindrops Keep Fallin' on My Head\"\" that was left off of the \"\"Can't Help Falling in Love\"\" album in the UK was a new recording of \"\"Sweet Memories\"\", a song that Williams originally recorded in March 1968 with Nick DeCaro producing and arranging. That version was released as a non-album single on April 30, 1968, and reached number 75 pop and number four Easy Listening. \"\"Raindrops Keep", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 44 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16069198", "chunk_text": "\"Sacha Distel\"\nhis widow Francine said she knew he had been unfaithful. \"\"I knew it was going to happen and I knew it was going to pass.\"\" Distel died at the age of 71 on 22 July 2004 in Rayol-Canadel, France. Two weeks before his death, he could be seen on TV in a charity broadcast of \"\"Qui veut gagner des millions ?\"\" Sacha Distel Alexandre \"\"Sacha\"\" Distel (29 January 1933 – 22 July 2004) was a French singer, guitarist, and actor who had hits with a cover version of \"\"Raindrops Keep Falling on My Head\"\", \"\"Scoubidou\"\", and \"\"The Good Life\"\". He", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 45 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10241404", "chunk_text": "\"Raindrops (Dee Clark song)\"\nRaindrops (Dee Clark song) \"\"Raindrops\"\" is a 1961 song by the American R&B singer Dee Clark. Released in April of that same year, this ballad is about a man who convinces himself that the tears he is crying since his lover's departure are raindrops since \"\"a man ain't supposed to cry,\"\" peaked at #2 on the Hot 100, behind Quarter to Three by Gary U.S. Bonds. On other US charts, \"\"Raindrops\"\" peaked at #3 on the R&B chart. \"\"Billboard\"\" ranked it as the ninth most popular song of the year for 1961. Clark was reportedly inspired to write the song", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 46 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14174265", "chunk_text": "\"Bitty McLean\"\nBitty McLean Bitty McLean (born 8 August 1972, Birmingham, England) is a British/Jamaican reggae, lovers rock and ragga musician. He is best known for his three UK Top 10 hits in 1993 and 1994, including his debut offering \"\"It Keeps Rainin' (Tears from My Eyes)\"\". The youngest of six children to Easton and Leonie (nee Reynolds), Delroy McLean was nicknamed \"\"Bitty\"\" due to his small stature. As a teenager he performed with local sound systems, and after studying sound engineering at college, he was employed by UB40 as an engineer and producer, and occasionally also sang with the band. He", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 47 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13900787", "chunk_text": "\"Music of Texas\"\nlike \"\"Say My Name\"\" in 2000), Kelly Rowland (4 #1 hits like Dilemma in 2002), Kelly Clarkson (3 #1 hits like \"\"A Moment Like This\"\" in 2002), rock and roll pioneer Roy Orbison (d.1988) (2 #1 hits like \"\"Oh, Pretty Woman\"\" in 1964), country singer Kenny Rogers (2 #1s like \"\"Islands in the Stream\"\" in 1983), Christopher Cross (2 #1s like \"\"Sailing\"\" in 1980), The Crickets (w/Buddy Holly (d.1959), \"\"That'll Be the Day\"\" in 1957), B.J. Thomas (\"\"Raindrops Keep Fallin' on My Head\"\" in 1970), Janis Joplin (d.1970) (\"\"Me and Bobby McGee\"\" in 1971, she attended the University of Texas),", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 48 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14788491", "chunk_text": "\"Ed Sullivan\"\na \"\"cleaner\"\" image than the Beatles, made 13 appearances on the show, more than any other UK group. Unlike many shows of the time, Sullivan asked that most musical acts perform their music live, rather than lip-synching to their recordings. Examination of performances show that exceptions were made, as when a microphone could not be placed close enough to a performer for technical reasons. An example was B.J. Thomas' 1969 performance of \"\"Raindrops Keep Fallin' on My Head\"\", in which actual water was sprinkled on him as a special effect. In 1969, Sullivan presented the Jackson 5 with their first", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 49 } ]
test_3464	when is if loving you is wrong coming back season 4?	n/a	[ "September 19, 2017", "March 7, 2018" ]	[]	n/a	n/a	n/a	[]	[ { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14628602", "chunk_text": "\"If Loving You Is Wrong\"\nseason aired on March 24, 2015. On February 27, 2015, the series was renewed for a second season with 22 more episodes. The second season premiered on September 22, 2015. The second half premiered on March 15, 2016. OWN renewed the series for a third season. The third season of the series premiered on September 13, 2016. The second half of season 3 premiered on March 21, 2017. On August 29, 2017, OWN announced the show's return for the fourth season, which premiered on September 19, 2017. The second half of season 4 premiered on January 10, 2018 and ended", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 0 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14628603", "chunk_text": "\"If Loving You Is Wrong\"\nwith the season finale on March 7, 2018. On November 28, 2018, OWN announced that the series would return with the fifth season set to premiere in January 2019. If Loving You Is Wrong If Loving You Is Wrong is an American prime time television soap opera created, executive produced, written, and directed by Tyler Perry. The series premiered on September 9, 2014. It focuses on the lives and relationships of a group of five husbands and wives who live on the same street (Castillo Lane) in the fictional community of Maxine. The show stars Amanda Clayton, Edwina Findley, Heather", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 1 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11043092", "chunk_text": "\"Love & Hip Hop: Hollywood (season 4)\"\ntwo-part reunion special hosted by Nina Parker. Season four of \"\"Love & Hip Hop: Hollywood\"\" began filming in February 2017. On March 17, 2017, singer Keyshia Cole revealed that she had joined the cast for its newest season, along with her estranged ex-husband Daniel \"\"Booby\"\" Gibson. On April 13, 2017, VH1 announced that \"\"\"\" would be returning for a fourth season on July 17, 2017. On June 19, 2017, VH1 revealed the show would premiere on July 24, 2017 and released a teaser confirming Cole's involvement with the show, along with a press release confirming the new cast members. Season", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 2 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14628601", "chunk_text": "\"If Loving You Is Wrong\"\nvery complex lives.\"\" \"\"If Loving You Is Wrong\"\" is loosely based on Perry's 2014 film \"\"The Single Moms Club\"\". Actress Zulay Henao reprised her movie role of Esperanza, although her character and storyline was rebooted for the TV series. It was officially ordered straight-to-series on January 9, 2014. It premiered on September 9, 2014, on the Oprah Winfrey Network (OWN), and the first half of the first season finale aired on November 4, 2014. The series premiere was the highest-rated in OWN history, setting a new record over \"\"The Haves and the Have Nots\"\". The second half of the first", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 3 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11521002", "chunk_text": "\"Black-ish (season 4)\"\nBlack-ish (season 4) The fourth season of \"\"Black-ish\"\" aired from October 3, 2017 which concluded on May 15, 2018 on ABC in the United States. It is produced by Khalabo Ink Society, Cinema Gypsy Productions, Principato-Young Entertainment and ABC Studios, with creator Kenya Barris, who also serves as executive producer alongside Anthony Anderson, Brian Dobbins, Jonathan Groff and Helen Sugland. The series revolves around Dre, portrayed by Anthony Anderson, a family man who struggles with finding his cultural identity while raising his kids in a white neighborhood. He lives with his wife, Bow (Tracee Ellis Ross). This is the first", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 4 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11996261", "chunk_text": "\"Gotham (season 4)\"\nstars as Gordon, alongside Donal Logue, David Mazouz, Morena Baccarin, Sean Pertwee, Robin Lord Taylor, Erin Richards, Camren Bicondova, Cory Michael Smith, Jessica Lucas, Chris Chalk, Drew Powell, Crystal Reed and Alexander Siddig. The fourth season premiered on September 21, 2017, on Fox, while the second half premiered on March 1, 2018. The season concluded on May 17, 2018. The season received positive reviews from critics and audiences, who cited the character development, writing and action sequences as highlights of the season, with some calling it the best season yet. The premiere was watched by 3.21 million viewers with a", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 5 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11521004", "chunk_text": "\"Black-ish (season 4)\"\nwere unable to resolve\"\". On March 10, 2018, it was officially announced that the network had no plans to air the episode. In the episode, Dre tries to read a bedtime story to Devante during a thunderstorm, but instead improvises a new story based on recent social and political issues in the United States. Black-ish (season 4) The fourth season of \"\"Black-ish\"\" aired from October 3, 2017 which concluded on May 15, 2018 on ABC in the United States. It is produced by Khalabo Ink Society, Cinema Gypsy Productions, Principato-Young Entertainment and ABC Studios, with creator Kenya Barris, who also", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 6 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14628600", "chunk_text": "\"If Loving You Is Wrong\"\nIf Loving You Is Wrong If Loving You Is Wrong is an American prime time television soap opera created, executive produced, written, and directed by Tyler Perry. The series premiered on September 9, 2014. It focuses on the lives and relationships of a group of five husbands and wives who live on the same street (Castillo Lane) in the fictional community of Maxine. The show stars Amanda Clayton, Edwina Findley, Heather Hemmens, Zulay Henao, and April Parker Jones as the five female leads Alex, Kelly, Marcie, Esperanza and Natalie on \"\"their quest to find love in the midst of managing", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 7 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "822746", "chunk_text": "\"You're the Worst\"\nand its effect on modern relationships. In September 2016, FX renewed the series for a fourth season, which premiered on September 6, 2017. In November 2017, FX renewed the series for a fifth and final season to premiere on January 9, 2019. Jimmy and Gretchen meet at the wedding of Vernon and Becca Barbara. Jimmy, whom Becca turned down when he proposed two years earlier, is convinced Becca only invited him to rub her marriage to Vernon in his face. He nevertheless showed up, determined to ruin Becca's day as payback. Gretchen came as the guest of Becca's sister, Lindsay,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 8 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6578825", "chunk_text": "\"Crazy Ex-Girlfriend (season 4)\"\nCrazy Ex-Girlfriend (season 4) The fourth and final season of \"\"Crazy Ex-Girlfriend\"\" premiered on The CW on October 12, 2018 and will consist of 18 episodes. The season stars Rachel Bloom as Rebecca Bunch, a distraught young woman, dealing with the consequences of pleading guilty to attempted murder at the end of the previous season. Vincent Rodriguez III, Donna Lynne Champlin, Pete Gardner, Vella Lovell, Gabrielle Ruiz, Scott Michael Foster, and Skylar Astin co-star. Every song listed is performed by Rebecca, except where indicated. This season, at the end of the theme song, the woman who is \"\"mistaken\"\" for Rebecca", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 9 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13298008", "chunk_text": "\"Señora Acero (season 4)\"\nAcero, Luis Ernesto Franco as Daniel Philips, Ana Lucía Domínguez as La Tuti, Diego Cadavid as Señor Romero, and Jorge Zárate as El Indio Amaro, and the special participation of Gaby Espino as Indira Cárdenas. The fourth season began airing on 6 November 2017, on Telemundo, and concluded on 20 February 2018. The season has as its main axis, illegal immigration, the inclusion of Julián Romero, a new enemy of Los Acero, and the life of Indira Cárdenas as a mother. Vicenta Acero (Carolina Miranda) and Daniel Phillips (Luis Ernesto Franco) swore an eternal love after ending Chucho Casáres (Sergio", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 10 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7183519", "chunk_text": "\"Tyler Perry's For Better or Worse\"\nhalf of season 4 premiered on September 11, 2015. The fifth season of the series premiered on April 1, 2016. The second half of season 5 premiered on September 30th. On January 30, 2017 OWN announced that the show will be ending after the sixth season. The sixth season premiered on Saturday, June 10, 2017. The series ended on July 22, 2017. The series had a total of 162 episodes. \"\"For Better or Worse\"\" received generally mixed reviews from critics. The \"\"Boston Herald\"\" described it as being \"\"an upscale \"\"Dynasty\"\" crossed with \"\"Who's Afraid of Virginia Woolf?\"\" with a dash", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 11 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6578827", "chunk_text": "\"Crazy Ex-Girlfriend (season 4)\"\nfrom the past two seasons, which both contained 13 episodes. On August 6, it was reported that the role of Greg, played by Santino Fontana during the show's first two seasons, was recast with Skylar Astin in order to \"\"explore how perception changes.\"\" Crazy Ex-Girlfriend (season 4) The fourth and final season of \"\"Crazy Ex-Girlfriend\"\" premiered on The CW on October 12, 2018 and will consist of 18 episodes. The season stars Rachel Bloom as Rebecca Bunch, a distraught young woman, dealing with the consequences of pleading guilty to attempted murder at the end of the previous season. Vincent Rodriguez", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 12 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2728511", "chunk_text": "\"Fear the Walking Dead (season 4)\"\nFear the Walking Dead (season 4) The fourth season of \"\"Fear the Walking Dead\"\", an American horror-drama television series on AMC, premiered on April 15, 2018, and comprises 16 episodes split into two eight-episode parts. The second half of the season premiered on August 12, 2018, and concluded on September 30, 2018. It is a companion series to \"\"The Walking Dead\"\", and the season premiere contained the first crossover between the two series. The season features new showrunners Andrew Chambliss and Ian B. Goldberg, and the series also moved to a new filming location, Austin, Texas. The season follows a", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 13 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2728520", "chunk_text": "\"Fear the Walking Dead (season 4)\"\neven more depressing.\"\" Fear the Walking Dead (season 4) The fourth season of \"\"Fear the Walking Dead\"\", an American horror-drama television series on AMC, premiered on April 15, 2018, and comprises 16 episodes split into two eight-episode parts. The second half of the season premiered on August 12, 2018, and concluded on September 30, 2018. It is a companion series to \"\"The Walking Dead\"\", and the season premiere contained the first crossover between the two series. The season features new showrunners Andrew Chambliss and Ian B. Goldberg, and the series also moved to a new filming location, Austin, Texas. The", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 14 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7360151", "chunk_text": "\"How to Get Away with Murder (season 4)\"\nHow to Get Away with Murder (season 4) The fourth season of the ABC American television drama series \"\"How to Get Away with Murder\"\" was ordered on February 10, 2017, by ABC. It began airing on September 28, 2017, with 15 episodes like the previous seasons and concluded on March 15, 2018. This was made in a deal with Viola Davis that the series would be a limited series with only 15 or 16 episodes per season. Annalise (Viola Davis) and the Keating Four are still dealing with the aftermath of Wes's (Alfred Enoch) death. Annalise works with a therapist,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 15 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13476979", "chunk_text": "\"Being Mary Jane\"\nby Regina King. On January 6, 2016, the series was renewed for a fourth season, which premiered on January 10, 2017. Set in New York, season 4 reaches a milestone and a record as it is made with 20 episodes. It was announced on October 11, 2017 that the series would conclude. A two-hour movie finale was planned to air in 2018, but never came to fruition. On December 7, 2018, BET announced that the movie finale date has been pushed back to air in 2019. At the 45th NAACP Image Awards, the pilot movie won the award for Outstanding", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 16 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18346876", "chunk_text": "\"Love & Hip Hop\"\nof \"\"Love & Hip Hop: Hollywood\"\" would premiere on July 17, 2017. On June 19, 2017, the season premiere date was moved to July 24, 2017. On July 3, 2017, three weeks before the season four premiere, VH1 aired \"\"Dirty Little Secrets\"\", a special featuring unseen footage and deleted scenes from the show's first three seasons, along with interviews with the show's cast and producers. On October 2, 2017, VH1 announced that \"\"\"\" would return for an eighth season on October 30, 2017. A behind-the-scenes special, \"\"Dirty Little Secrets\"\", aired on October 17, 2017. On November 16, 2017, VH1 announced", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 17 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4448130", "chunk_text": "\"Fuller House (TV series)\"\nbe released on December 22, 2017. On January 29, 2018, the series was renewed for a fourth season of thirteen episodes. The fourth season was released on December 14, 2018. In addition to Cameron Bure, Sweetin, and Barber reprising their roles, the other main roles went to Michael Campion, Elias Harger, and Soni Bringas, as their children: Jackson and Max Fuller, and Ramona Gibbler, respectively. It was disclosed that John Stamos would have a recurring role as Jesse Katsopolis and would also be producing. Other original main cast members who would be reprising their roles periodically are Lori Loughlin as", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 18 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5199455", "chunk_text": "\"Braxton Family Values\"\nyears. Tamar has launched her album \"\"Love and War\"\", her tour, and taking care of her newborn son. Season 3 averaged 1.4 million viewers. On March 20, 2014, WE tv announced the fourth season renewal of \"\"Braxton Family Values\"\". Season 4 consisted of 26 episodes and premiered on August 14, 2014. On May 19, 2016, the fifth season aired to We tv. On May 12, 2017, Tamar Braxton announced in an interview with Billboard the series would return with a sixth season. On June 27, 2018, it was reported that the show would go on an indefinite hiatus during the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 19 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9937874", "chunk_text": "\"Returning the Favor\"\n25, 2018, it was announced during the Television Critics Association's annual summer press tour that Facebook had renewed the series for a third season. On November 23, 2018, it was reported that season three would premiere on on November 27, 2018. In November 2017, \"\"Returning the Favor\"\" was one of five shows cited by Got Your 6, an entertainment industry-affiliated veterans organization with a Got Your 6 certification. In recognizing the series, the organization specifically cited the pilot episode, featuring a former Army engineer running a therapeutic motorcycle building program for other veterans, and episode six, which featured a quadruple", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 20 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17220383", "chunk_text": "\"Superstore (season 4)\"\nSuperstore (season 4) The fourth season of \"\"Superstore\"\", the U.S. television series, was ordered on February 21, 2018. The season premiered on October 4, 2018 and will contain 22 episodes. The series will continue to air in the same timeslot Thursday at 8:00 PM. \"\"Superstore\"\" follows a group of employees working at Cloud 9, a fictional big-box store in St. Louis, Missouri. The ensemble and supporting cast features America Ferrera, Ben Feldman, Lauren Ash, Colton Dunn, Nico Santos, Nichole Bloom and Mark McKinney. <onlyinclude></onlyinclude> It was announced on September 10, 2018 that former \"\"The Middle\"\" star Eden Sher had been", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 21 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15670246", "chunk_text": "\"Jane the Virgin (season 4)\"\nJane the Virgin (season 4) The fourth season of \"\"Jane the Virgin\"\" originally aired in the United States on The CW from October 13, 2017 through April 20, 2018. The season is produced by CBS Television Studios, with Jennie Snyder Urman serving as showrunner. The series was renewed for a fourth season on January 8, 2017. Season four stars Gina Rodriguez as Jane Villanueva, Andrea Navedo as Jane's mother Xiomara De La Vega, Ivonne Coll as Jane's grandmother Alba Villanueva, and Jaime Camil as Jane's father Rogelio De La Vega, with Justin Baldoni as Jane's lover and babydaddy Rafael Solano,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 22 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "854100", "chunk_text": "\"Nathan for You\"\nannounced that Comedy Central had picked up the show for a fourth season. On July 25, 2017, Fielder announced via Twitter that the fourth season would premiere on September 28, 2017, with a one-hour special entitled \"\"Nathan For You: A Celebration\"\" to air the week before. Several stunts performed for the series have garnered attention from the mainstream media. One in particular occurred even before the series premiered. In the second episode of season one, Fielder and the show's crew attempted to boost the popularity of a California petting zoo by turning one of their pigs into a celebrity through", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 23 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8324652", "chunk_text": "\"Mr. Pickles\"\non February 25, 2018. The show will return for a fourth season, announced on November 5, 2017 (before the airing of the third season), with no premiere date information provided. In the small, old-fashioned Maine community of Old Town, the Goodman family and their innocent and dimwitted 6-year-old son Tommy own a border collie named Mr. Pickles. The two spend their days romping around Old Town, while unknown to Tommy and the family – except for Tommy's grandfather – Mr. Pickles' secret evilness drives him to slip away, kill, mutilate, and rape his countless victims. The series was created by", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 24 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8987703", "chunk_text": "\"Love Thy Neighbor (TV series)\"\nthe season finale aired on September 10, 2014. Season 3 of \"\"Love Thy Neighbor\"\" premiered on January 7, 2015, and the season finale aired on July 31, 2015. On February 27, 2015, the series was renewed for the fourth season, and premiered on Friday, January 8, 2016, and the mid-season finale aired on February 12, 2016. Season 4B premiered on July 1, 2016 and aired until September 2, 2016. The fifth and final season premiered on Saturday, March 4, 2017. The second half premiered on July 29, 2017. The series ended on August 19, 2017 on OWN. Love Thy Neighbor", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 25 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16041711", "chunk_text": "\"Arrested Development (season 4)\"\nwas released on May 29, 2018. The fourth season was released on DVD in region 1 on December 16, 2014, in region 2 on June 9, 2014, and in region 4 on August 27, 2014. Arrested Development (season 4) The fourth season of the television comedy series \"\"Arrested Development\"\" premiered on Netflix on May 26, 2013 and consists of 15 episodes. It serves as a revival to the series after it was canceled by Fox in 2006. The storyline centers on the Bluth family, a formerly wealthy, habitually dysfunctional family, and the show incorporates hand-held camera work, narration, archival photos,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 26 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5722974", "chunk_text": "\"Oprah Winfrey Network\"\n2014, OWN ordered another drama from Perry, \"\"If Loving You Is Wrong\"\", which was adapted from Perry's feature film \"\"The Single Moms Club\"\". In February 2015, OWN ordered new seasons of \"\"For Better Or Worse\"\", \"\"The Haves and the Have Nots\"\", \"\"If Loving You Is Wrong\"\", and \"\"Love Thy Neighbor\"\". In November 2017, OWN announced premiere dates for \"\"The Paynes\"\" (a spin-off of Perry's TBS sitcom \"\"Tyler Perry's House of Payne\"\"), as well as the fifth and fourth seasons of \"\"The Haves and the Have Nots\"\" and \"\"If Loving You Is Wrong\"\". In 2015, OWN began to pick up new", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 27 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3852549", "chunk_text": "\"Chicago Med (season 4)\"\nChicago Med (season 4) The fourth season of \"\"Chicago Med\"\", an American medical drama television series with executive producer Dick Wolf, and producers Michael Brandt, Peter Jankowski and Andrew Schneider, was ordered on May 9, 2018. The season premiered on September 26, 2018 with a time slot change from Tuesday at 10:00 PM to Wednesday at 8:00 PM. The season is set to contain 22 episodes. <onlyinclude> </onlyinclude> Having made her first appearance in the finale of season 3, Heather Headley is set to recur in season 4 as Chicago Med's new COO, Gwen Garrett. On July 23, 2018, it", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 28 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5509791", "chunk_text": "\"Empire (season 4)\"\n\"\"Star\"\". The season concluded on May 23, 2018. The show centers around a hip hop music and entertainment company, Empire Entertainment, and the drama among the members of the founders' family as they fight for control of the company. After the explosive season 3 finale, Lucious has lost his memory and his family is trying to help him regain it, with the uncomfortable assistance from Nurse Claudia. The storyline also includes the war between the Lyons and the Dubois with Warren falling in love with Jamal, Andre receiving prescriptions from his psychiatrist and Hakeem meeting with Diana on a three", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 29 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15670247", "chunk_text": "\"Jane the Virgin (season 4)\"\nand Yael Grobglas as Rafael's ex-wife and other babymama Petra Solano. Elias Janssen is added as a series regular, portraying a recast version of Jane's son Mateo Solano Villanueva. On January 8, 2017, The CW renewed the series for a fourth season. It was later announced on May 18, 2017 that the series had been moved from its Monday night time-slot to a Friday night time-slot, being paired alongside the third season of \"\"Crazy Ex-Girlfriend\"\", premiering on October 13, 2017. The last seven episodes of the season were paired alongside \"\"Dynasty\"\", which was moved from Wednesday night to Friday night", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 30 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9293085", "chunk_text": "\"BoJack Horseman (season 4)\"\nBoJack Horseman (season 4) The fourth season of the animated television series \"\"BoJack Horseman\"\" premiered exclusively via Netflix's web streaming service on September 8, 2017. <onlyinclude></onlyinclude> The fourth season of the show received critical acclaim; the review aggregator Rotten Tomatoes gave the season an approval rating of 97%, based on 29 reviews. The site's critical consensus states, \"\"\"\"BoJack Horseman\"\" fourth season finds the show continuing to traverse the emotional gamut - with results that are heartbreaking as often as they are hilarious.\"\" On Metacritic, the season has a score of 87 out of 100, based on 5 reviews, indicating \"\"universal", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 31 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7344541", "chunk_text": "\"How to Get Away with Murder\"\nfor a fourth season on February 10, 2017, by ABC. The series was renewed for a fifth season on May 11, 2018, by ABC, which premiered on September 27, 2018. In an interview with \"\"Entertainment Weekly\"\", showrunner Peter Nowalk talked about what will happen in the third season regarding Frank's disappearance; he commented: \"\"Yes, I can see the three-piece suits and the hair product all falling apart. It’s more what Frank feels about himself\"\". When talking about the trust between Annalise and Frank, Nowalk said: \"\"...Frank has two choices: To run away and hope she never catches him, just to", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 32 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8670879", "chunk_text": "\"Your Pretty Face Is Going to Hell\"\nseason, which began production on June 5, 2017. The fourth season is scheduled to air sometime in 2019. The show is titled after a song from the 1973 album \"\"Raw Power\"\" by the Stooges. <onlyinclude></onlyinclude> With Season three, the character \"\"Claude\"\" was written out of the series as actor Craig Rowin left the series. Dana Snyder, who played Gary's best friend Lucas in seasons 1–2, was made series regular to replace Rowin. However, rather than continuing in the role of Lucas, Snyder was cast in a new role as \"\"Troy\"\", a new demon coworker for Gary. Your Pretty Face Is", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 33 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9295406", "chunk_text": "\"Better Call Saul (season 4)\"\nBetter Call Saul (season 4) The fourth season of the American television drama series \"\"Better Call Saul\"\" premiered on August 6, 2018, and concluded on October 8, 2018. The fourth season consists of 10 episodes and aired on Mondays at 9:00 pm (Eastern) in the United States on AMC. \"\"Better Call Saul\"\" is a spin-off prequel of \"\"Breaking Bad\"\" created by Vince Gilligan and Peter Gould who also worked on \"\"Breaking Bad\"\". The first and second seasons mainly took place in 2002, with season three advancing the storyline to 2003. The fourth season also takes place mainly in 2003, with", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 34 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6086054", "chunk_text": "\"Just Tattoo of Us\"\nseries began airing on 21 May 2018 and concluded on 23 July 2018. It also marked the first series to broadcast the episodes in non-chronological order. It was confirmed that Just Tattoo of Us would return for a fourth series at the end of 2018. It was also confirmed that Charlotte Crosby would present alongside special guest presenters due to Scotty T quitting the show to rejoin Geordie Shore. The guest presenters will include Josh Ritchie, Aaron Chalmers, Chloe Ferry, Nathan Henry, Lateysha Grace, Joey Essex and Just Tattoo of Us very own Charl Davies. The fourth series began airing", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 35 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18522577", "chunk_text": "\"Wildflower (season 4)\"\nWildflower (season 4) The fourth season of \"\"Wildflower\"\", a Philippine revenge drama television series that aired on ABS-CBN and worldwide on The Filipino Channel on December 4, 2017, and concluded on February 9, 2018, with a total of 50 episodes. The series stars Maja Salvador, as Lily Cruz, together with an ensemble cast consisting of Tirso Cruz III, Zsa Zsa Padilla, Aiko Melendez, Joseph Marco, Sunshine Cruz, Wendell Ramos, RK Bagatsing, Vin Abrenica, Yen Santos, Christian Vasquez, Roxanne Barcelo, and Miko Raval. Taking advantage of Helena’s temporary weakness, the predatory Julio kills her to take over her vast operations under", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 36 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5165455", "chunk_text": "\"Ang Probinsyano (season 4)\"\nAng Probinsyano (season 4) The fourth season of \"\"Ang Probinsyano\"\", a Philippine action drama television series on ABS-CBN, premiered on November 8, 2017 on ABS-CBN's \"\"Primetime Bida\"\" evening block and worldwide on The Filipino Channel and concluded on March 14, 2018, with a total of 91 episodes. The series stars Coco Martin as SPO2 Ricardo Dalisay, together with an ensemble cast consisting of Susan Roces, Jaime Fabregas, Angel Aquino, John Arcilla, Jhong Hilario, John Prats, Sid Lucero, Mitch Valdes, Yassi Pressman, Eddie Garcia, and Lito Lapid. The fourth season of \"\"Ang Probinsyano\"\" deala with the looming mid-year elections in the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 37 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11996262", "chunk_text": "\"Gotham (season 4)\"\n1.0 in the 18–49 demo, which was a 17% decline from the previous season premiere but on par with last season's average. Despite remaining with consistent ratings throughout the first half of the season, the second half experienced new series lows in the spring and being in danger of cancellation. Despite the ratings drop, Fox renewed the show for a fifth and final season on May 13, 2018. <onlyinclude></onlyinclude> The show was officially renewed by Fox for a fourth season on May 10, 2017. Just like the second and third seasons, the fourth season also carried a new subtitle for", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 38 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18522585", "chunk_text": "\"Wildflower (season 4)\"\nand tortures Julio to death in their actions of playing God. Wildflower (season 4) The fourth season of \"\"Wildflower\"\", a Philippine revenge drama television series that aired on ABS-CBN and worldwide on The Filipino Channel on December 4, 2017, and concluded on February 9, 2018, with a total of 50 episodes. The series stars Maja Salvador, as Lily Cruz, together with an ensemble cast consisting of Tirso Cruz III, Zsa Zsa Padilla, Aiko Melendez, Joseph Marco, Sunshine Cruz, Wendell Ramos, RK Bagatsing, Vin Abrenica, Yen Santos, Christian Vasquez, Roxanne Barcelo, and Miko Raval. Taking advantage of Helena’s temporary weakness, the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 39 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11521003", "chunk_text": "\"Black-ish (season 4)\"\nseason not to have Yara Shahidi as a part of the main cast, due to her character receiving her own spin-off show, \"\"Grown-ish\"\". <onlyinclude></onlyinclude> The would be fourteenth episode of the season, titled \"\"Please, Baby, Please\"\", was shot in November 2017, and originally scheduled to air on February 27, 2018. However on February 22, 2018, ABC announced that the episode would be pulled from the schedule and that a repeat of a past episode would air instead. \"\"USA Today\"\" stated that the episode \"\"was apparently too political for the network\"\". An ABC spokesperson said that there \"\"were creative differences we", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 40 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11055971", "chunk_text": "\"The Fosters (season 4)\"\nThe Fosters (season 4) The fourth season of \"\"The Fosters\"\" premiered on June 20, 2016 and ended on April 11, 2017. The season consisted of 20 episodes and stars Teri Polo and Sherri Saum as Stef Foster and Lena Adams, an interracial lesbian couple, who foster a girl, Callie (Maia Mitchell) and her younger brother, Jude (Hayden Byerly) while also trying to juggle raising Latino twin teenagers, Mariana and Jesus (Cierra Ramirez and Noah Centineo), and Stef's biological son, Brandon (David Lambert). In this season, Callie is determined to find out about a police case who convicted a teenager of", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 41 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15252200", "chunk_text": "\"The Goldbergs (season 4)\"\nThe Goldbergs (season 4) The fourth season of the American television comedy series \"\"The Goldbergs\"\" premiered on ABC on September 21, 2016. The season was produced by Adam F. Goldberg Productions, Happy Madison Productions, and Sony Pictures Television, and the executive producers are Adam F. Goldberg, Doug Robinson, and Seth Gordon. The season contains 24 half-hour episodes. The season concluded on May 17, 2017. The show explores the daily lives of the Goldberg Family; a family living in Jenkintown, Pennsylvania in the 1980s. Beverly Goldberg (Wendi McLendon-Covey), the overprotective matriarch of the Goldbergs is married to Murray Goldberg (Jeff Garlin).", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 42 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13117079", "chunk_text": "\"We'll Meet Again with Ann Curry\"\nand Andra Heritage and produced by Simon Harries. Production companies involved with the series were slated to consist of Blink Films and Ann Curry Inc. On October 29, 2018, it was reported that the series would return for a second season that was scheduled to premiere on November 13, 2018. The series has received a positive reception since its premiere. Verne Gay of \"\"Newsday\"\" gave the show three out of four stars and commented that \"\"Curry’s trademark style is on display here but it’s not on over-display. She wisely stands aside for the most part and lets her subjects tell", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 43 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9965355", "chunk_text": "\"Sleepy Hollow (season 4)\"\nSeason 4. Production on the fourth season began on August 15, 2016 in Atlanta, Georgia. On October 11, 2016, it was reported that filming was taking place in the city of Lawrenceville, Georgia; pictures from the set of the show were also shared on social media. Sleepy Hollow (season 4) The fourth and final season of the Fox television series \"\"Sleepy Hollow\"\" premiered on January 6, 2017 and concluded on March 31, 2017, and consisted of 13 episodes. <onlyinclude></onlyinclude> On July 22, 2016, it was announced that Janina Gavankar had joined the cast in a recurring role as Diana Thomas,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 44 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3852550", "chunk_text": "\"Chicago Med (season 4)\"\nwas announced that Molly Bernard and Colby Lewis would be joining the cast as med students Elsa Curry and Terry McNeal respectively. After 3 seasons as Dr. Sarah Reese, Rachel DiPillo left the series during the season premiere. Chicago Med (season 4) The fourth season of \"\"Chicago Med\"\", an American medical drama television series with executive producer Dick Wolf, and producers Michael Brandt, Peter Jankowski and Andrew Schneider, was ordered on May 9, 2018. The season premiered on September 26, 2018 with a time slot change from Tuesday at 10:00 PM to Wednesday at 8:00 PM. The season is set", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 45 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12309980", "chunk_text": "\"Cold Justice\"\nin addition to four confessions, three guilty pleas and three murder convictions. Although TNT made no official announcement, McClary wrote on her personal Facebook page in mid-2016 that the series was canceled. She later said that the production company is shopping the series to other networks. In February 2017, it was announced that \"\"Cold Justice\"\" had been acquired by Oxygen. A fourth season premiered on July 22, 2017. On April 23, 2018, Oxygen announced the series had been renewed for a fifth season, which aired from August 4 to October 6, 2018. \"\"Cold Justice\"\" scored 66 out of 100 on", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 46 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17220384", "chunk_text": "\"Superstore (season 4)\"\ncast in a guest role as a potential new Cloud 9 employee named Penny, whom Ben Feldman's character Jonah and Colton Dunn’s character Garrett hire during the seasonal months. Superstore (season 4) The fourth season of \"\"Superstore\"\", the U.S. television series, was ordered on February 21, 2018. The season premiered on October 4, 2018 and will contain 22 episodes. The series will continue to air in the same timeslot Thursday at 8:00 PM. \"\"Superstore\"\" follows a group of employees working at Cloud 9, a fictional big-box store in St. Louis, Missouri. The ensemble and supporting cast features America Ferrera, Ben", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 47 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11055972", "chunk_text": "\"The Fosters (season 4)\"\nmurder but learns the dark secrets surrounding the case. Meanwhile, after adopting AJ, Mike struggles with fatherhood while dealing with his girlfriend, Ana. Also, Mariana struggles to let go of Nick after the incident at school. <onlyinclude> </onlyinclude> The Fosters (season 4) The fourth season of \"\"The Fosters\"\" premiered on June 20, 2016 and ended on April 11, 2017. The season consisted of 20 episodes and stars Teri Polo and Sherri Saum as Stef Foster and Lena Adams, an interracial lesbian couple, who foster a girl, Callie (Maia Mitchell) and her younger brother, Jude (Hayden Byerly) while also trying to", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 48 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8160180", "chunk_text": "\"The Flash (season 4)\"\nfrom Earth-X. \"\"Arrow\"\" actor David Ramsey appears as John Diggle, as well as DeVoe's Diggle disguise earlier in the twenty-second episode. The season began airing on October 10, 2017, on The CW in the United States, and on CTV in Canada. The season concluded on May 22, 2018. Sky One acquired the rights to air the season in the UK & Ireland, airing it alongside the other Arrowverse shows. The season premiered October 17. In July 2017, cast from the series appeared at San Diego Comic-Con International to promote the season, where exclusive footage was shown. During the panel, a", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 49 } ]
test_3465	how many wars held between india and pakistan?	n/a	[ "four" ]	[]	n/a	n/a	n/a	[]	[ { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "223956", "chunk_text": "\"India–Pakistan relations\"\nwars between the two countries in 1947 and 1965, and a limited conflict in 1999. The state remains divided between the two countries by the Line of Control (LoC), which demarcates the ceasefire line agreed upon in the 1947 conflict modified in 1972 as per Simla Agreement. India and Pakistan have fought in numerous armed conflicts since their independence. There are three major wars that have taken place between the two states, namely in 1947, 1965 and the Bangladesh Liberation War in 1971. In addition to this was the unofficial Kargil War in 1999 and some border skirmishes. The Indo-Pakistani", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 0 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15124880", "chunk_text": "\"Indo-Pakistani wars and conflicts\"\nIndo-Pakistani wars and conflicts Since the partition of British India in 1947 and creation of modern states of India and Pakistan, the two South Asian countries have been involved in four wars, including one undeclared war, and many border skirmishes and military stand-offs. Most of these wars and conflict have ended with defeat or disaster for Pakistan. The Kashmir issue has been the main cause of all major conflicts between the two countries with the exception of the Indo-Pakistani War of 1971 where conflict originated due to turmoil in erstwhile East Pakistan (now Bangladesh). The Partition of British India came", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 1 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15124892", "chunk_text": "\"Indo-Pakistani wars and conflicts\"\nhave provided source material for both Indian and Pakistani film and television dramatists, who have adapted events of the war for the purposes of drama and to please target audiences in their nations. Indo-Pakistani wars and conflicts Since the partition of British India in 1947 and creation of modern states of India and Pakistan, the two South Asian countries have been involved in four wars, including one undeclared war, and many border skirmishes and military stand-offs. Most of these wars and conflict have ended with defeat or disaster for Pakistan. The Kashmir issue has been the main cause of all", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 2 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11621837", "chunk_text": "\"India–Pakistan relations\"\nand numerous territorial claims would overshadow their relationship. Since their Independence, the two countries have fought three major wars, one undeclared war and have been involved in numerous armed skirmishes and military standoffs. The Kashmir conflict is the main centre-point of all of these conflicts with the exception of the Indo-Pakistan War of 1971 and Bangladesh Liberation War, which resulted in the secession of East Pakistan (now Bangladesh). There have been numerous attempts to improve the relationship—notably, the Shimla summit, the Agra summit and the Lahore summit. Since the early 1980s, relations between the two nations soured particularly after the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 3 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11447748", "chunk_text": "\"Kashmir conflict\"\nKashmir conflict The Kashmir conflict is a territorial conflict primarily between India and Pakistan, having started just after the partition of India in 1947. China has at times played a minor role. India and Pakistan have fought three wars over Kashmir, including the Indo-Pakistani Wars of 1947 and 1965, as well as the Kargil War of 1999. The two countries have also been involved in several skirmishes over control of the Siachen Glacier. India claims the entire princely state of Jammu and Kashmir, and, , administers approximately 43% of the region. It controls Jammu, the Kashmir Valley, Ladakh, and the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 4 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10483093", "chunk_text": "Pakistan\nhave fought at least three large-scale conventional wars in successive years in 1947, 1965, and 1971. The conflict in 1971 witnessed Pakistan's unconditional surrender and a treaty that subsequently led to the independence of Bangladesh. Other serious military engagements and skirmishes have included the armed contacts in Siachen Glacier (1984) and Kargil (1999). Approximately 45.1% of the Kashmir region is controlled by India, which also claims the entire state of Jammu and Kashmir, including most of Jammu, the Kashmir Valley, Ladakh, and the Siachen. The claim is contested by Pakistan, which controls approximately 38.2% of the Kashmir region, an area", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 5 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11621870", "chunk_text": "\"India–Pakistan relations\"\nWar of 1965 started following Pakistan's Operation Gibraltar, which was designed to infiltrate forces into Jammu and Kashmir to precipitate an insurgency against rule by India. The five-week war caused thousands of casualties on both sides. Most of the battles were fought by opposing infantry and armoured units, with substantial backing from air forces, and naval operations. It ended in a United Nations (UN) mandated ceasefire and the subsequent issuance of the Tashkent Declaration. Pakistan, since independence, was geo-politically divided into two major regions, West Pakistan and East Pakistan. East Pakistan was occupied mostly by Bengali people. In December 1971,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 6 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6603805", "chunk_text": "\"India–Pakistan border\"\nfrom major urban areas to inhospitable deserts. Since the independence of India and Pakistan (see British India), the border has been a site of numerous conflicts and wars between each country, and is one of the most complex borders in the world. The border's total length is , according to the figures given by the PBS; it is also one of the most dangerous borders in the world, based on an article written in the \"\"Foreign Policy\"\" in 2011. It can be seen from space at night due to the 150,000 flood lights installed by India on about 50 thousand", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 7 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6164667", "chunk_text": "\"Pakistan Armed Forces\"\nto \"\"Army-Navy-Air Force\"\". In the 1990s, the additional reforms of the military eventually changed the order of precedence to Army-Navy-Air Force-Marines; though the Marines remained part of the Navy, not a separate service branch. Between 1947 and 1971, Pakistan has fought three direct conventional wars against India, with the Indo-Pakistani War of 1971 witnessing the secession of East Pakistan as independent Bangladesh. In the latter war, the Pakistan Armed Forces were the main perpetrators of the Bangladesh genocide, in which, most independent researchers estimate, around 300,000 to 500,000 people were killed and 200,000 to 400,000 were raped, while the Bangladesh", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 8 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3466221", "chunk_text": "\"History of Pakistan\"\npeople died in the spate of communal violence in the Punjab in what some scholars have described as a 'retributive genocide' between the religions. The Pakistani government claimed that 50,000 Muslim women were abducted and raped by Hindu and Sikh men and similarly the Indian government claimed that Muslims abducted and raped 33,000 Hindu and Sikh women. The two governments agreed to repatriate abducted women and thousands of Hindu, Sikh and Muslim women were repatriated to their families in the 1950s. The dispute over Kashmir escalated into the first war between India and Pakistan. The war is hitherto unresolved. On", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 9 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11975793", "chunk_text": "India\nin the Non-Aligned Movement. In the late 1980s, the Indian military twice intervened abroad at the invitation of neighbouring countries: a peace-keeping operation in Sri Lanka between 1987 and 1990; and an armed intervention to prevent a 1988 coup d'état attempt in the Maldives. India has tense relations with neighbouring Pakistan; the two nations have gone to war four times: in 1947, 1965, 1971, and 1999. Three of these wars were fought over the disputed territory of Kashmir, while the fourth, the 1971 war, followed from India's support for the independence of Bangladesh. After waging the 1962 Sino-Indian War and", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 10 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10483070", "chunk_text": "Pakistan\nrelations with foreign nations. Pakistan is a strong ally of China, with both countries placing considerable importance on the maintenance of an extremely close and supportive special relationship. It is also a major non-NATO ally of the United States in the war against terrorism—a status achieved in 2004. Pakistan's foreign policy and geostrategy mainly focus on the economy and security against threats to its national identity and territorial integrity, and on the cultivation of close relations with other Muslim countries. The Kashmir conflict remains the major point of contention between Pakistan and India; three of their four wars were fought", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 11 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9226303", "chunk_text": "Kashmir\ndeclared wars over the territory. The Indo-Pakistani War of 1947 established the rough boundaries of today, with Pakistan holding roughly one-third of Kashmir, and India one-half, with a dividing line of control established by the United Nations. The Indo-Pakistani War of 1965 resulted in a stalemate and a UN-negotiated ceasefire. In the 1901 Census of the British Indian Empire, the population of the princely state of \"\"Kashmir and Jammu\"\" was 2,905,578. Of these, 2,154,695 (74.16%) were Muslims, 689,073 (23.72%) Hindus, 25,828 (0.89%) Sikhs, and 35,047 (1.21%) Buddhists (implying 935 (0.032%) others). Among the Muslims of the \"\"Kashmir province\"\" within the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 12 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3954661", "chunk_text": "\"Military history of Pakistan\"\nin 1947 by division of the British Indian Army. Pakistan was given units such as the Khyber Rifles, which had seen intensive service in World Wars I and II. Many of the early leaders of the military had fought in both world wars. Military history and culture is used to inspire and embolden modern-day troops, using historic names for medals, combat divisions, and domestically produced weapons. Since the time of independence, the military has fought three major wars with India. It has also fought a limited conflict at Kargil with India after acquiring nuclear capabilities. In addition, there have been", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 13 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15289323", "chunk_text": "Pakistan\nunder the National Command Authority which oversaw the work on the nuclear policy as part of the credible minimum deterrence. The United States, Turkey, and China maintain close military relations and regularly export military equipment and technology transfer to Pakistan. Joint logistics and major war games are occasionally carried out by the militaries of China and Turkey. Philosophical basis for the military draft is introduced by the Constitution in times of emergency, but it has never been imposed. Since 1947 Pakistan has been involved in four conventional wars, the first war occurred in Kashmir with Pakistan gaining control of Western", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 14 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1381819", "chunk_text": "\"Indian Armed Forces\"\nbetween India and Portugal over the Portuguese-occupied territory of Goa, which India claimed for itself. After Portuguese police cracked down violently on a peaceful, unarmed demonstration for union with India, the Indian government decided to invade and initiated Operation Vijay. A lopsided air, sea, and ground campaign resulted in the speedy surrender of Portuguese forces. Within 36 hours, 451 years of Portuguese colonial rule ended, and Goa was annexed by India. India fought four major wars with its neighbour Pakistan in 1947, 1965, 1971 and 1999, and with China in 1962. Indian victory over Pakistan in the 1971 war, helped", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 15 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5537388", "chunk_text": "\"Kashmir conflict\"\nPaper on Kashmir published by Indian government regarding plebiscite in Jammu and Kashmir in 1948. Kashmir conflict The Kashmir conflict is a territorial conflict primarily between India and Pakistan, having started just after the partition of India in 1947. China has at times played a minor role. India and Pakistan have fought three wars over Kashmir, including the Indo-Pakistani Wars of 1947 and 1965, as well as the Kargil War of 1999. The two countries have also been involved in several skirmishes over control of the Siachen Glacier. India claims the entire princely state of Jammu and Kashmir, and, ,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 16 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3256407", "chunk_text": "\"History of India\"\nduring the Battle of Megiddo and in the Desert Mounted Corps' advance to Damascus and on to Aleppo. Other divisions remained in India guarding the North-West Frontier and fulfilling internal security obligations. One million Indian troops served abroad during the war. In total, 74,187 died, and another 67,000 were wounded. The roughly 90,000 soldiers who lost their lives fighting in World War I and the Afghan Wars are commemorated by the India Gate. During the Second World War (1939–1945), India was controlled by the United Kingdom, with the British holding territories in India including over five hundred autonomous Princely States;", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 17 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1791101", "chunk_text": "\"Foreign relations of Pakistan\"\nCommonwealth's support of East Pakistan's secession and Bangladesh's independence. In 1989, Pakistan regained its status as a Commonwealth republic, which remains the case, despite Pakistan's suspension from the Commonwealth of Nations between 1999 and 2008. Since 1947, Pakistan's relations have been difficult with neighbour India over the regional issues. India and Pakistan have fought three conventional wars throughout the 20th century over the issue of Kashmir. There have been attempts to unite the countries but since 1940, Muhammad Ali Jinnah and his Muslim League had demanded an independent Pakistan, whose Muslims would have their own government rather than remaining subordinate", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 18 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8432826", "chunk_text": "\"Frontier Force Regiment\"\nkilled in World War I, but in 1964 on the orders of the then Commander-in-Chief General Muhammad Musa, it was moved to Abbottabad. It was unveiled in Abbottabad in April 1965. A Roll of Honour is displayed around the memorial on plates, and wreath-laying ceremonies are held on important national days and by visitors. Later a replica of the memorial was built at its original location at Kohat in 2001. Since independence in 1947, India and Pakistan have fought three major wars and one minor war, and have been involved in an ongoing conflict since 1984. The casus belli for", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 19 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17058088", "chunk_text": "\"Indo-Pakistani War of 1947–1948\"\nresult of the war was inconclusive. However, most neutral assessments agree that India was the victor of the war as it was able to successfully defend about two-thirds of the Kashmir including Kashmir Valley, Jammu and Ladakh. Prior to 1815, the area now known as \"\"Jammu and Kashmir\"\" comprised 22 small independent states (16 Hindu and six Muslim) carved out of territories controlled by the Amir (King) of Afghanistan, combined with those of local small rulers. These were collectively referred to as the \"\"Punjab Hill States\"\". These small states, ruled by Rajput kings, were variously independent, vassals of the Mughal", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 20 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11017341", "chunk_text": "\"Indo-Pakistani War of 1965\"\ndiplomatic pressure and accepted the ceasefire. On 22 September, the United Nations Security Council unanimously passed a resolution that called for an unconditional ceasefire from both nations. The war ended the following day. India's Prime Minister, Shastri, suffered a fatal heart attack soon after the declaration of the ceasefire. As a consequence, the public outcry in India against the ceasefire declaration transformed into a wave of sympathy for the ruling Indian National Congress. India and Pakistan accused each other of ceasefire violations; India charged Pakistan with 585 violations in 34 days, while Pakistan countered with accusations of 450 incidents by", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 21 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "223928", "chunk_text": "\"India–Pakistan relations\"\nnations were formed—the Dominion of India and the Dominion of Pakistan. The subsequent partition of the former British India displaced up to 12.5 million people, with estimates of loss of life varying from several hundred thousand to 1 million. India emerged as a secular nation with a Hindu majority population and a large Muslim minority, while Pakistan emerged also as a secular nation with an overwhelming Muslim majority population; later becoming an Islamic republic although its constitution guarantees freedom of religion to people of all faiths. Soon after their independence, India and Pakistan established diplomatic relations but the violent partition", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 22 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12802548", "chunk_text": "\"India–Pakistan relations\"\nIndia–Pakistan relations Relations between India and Pakistan have been complex and largely hostile due to a number of historical and political events. Relations between the two states have been defined by the violent partition of British India in 1947, the Kashmir conflict and the numerous military conflicts fought between the two nations. Consequently, their relationship has been plagued by hostility and suspicion. Northern India and Pakistan somewhat overlap in areas of certain demographics, shared lingua francas (mainly Punjabi and Hindustani) and shared cuisines inherited from the Mughal Empire. After the dissolution of the British Raj in 1947, two new sovereign", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 23 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4786015", "chunk_text": "Kashmir\ntutelage) of the British Crown, lasted until the partition of India in 1947, when the former princely state of the British Raj was claimed by both Pakistan and India. Since 1947, the greater region of Jammu and Kashmir has been embroiled in a territorial dispute between India, Pakistan and China—with India controlling approximately 43% of the land area of the region and 70% of its population. Pakistan controls roughly 37% of the land, while China controls the remaining 20%. Kashmir is widely regarded as the world's most militarized zone—the region has witnessed three major wars between India and Pakistan, another", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 24 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6485859", "chunk_text": "\"Jammu and Kashmir\"\nfind a solution agreeable to both India and Pakistan. It passed a resolution in August 1948 proposing a three-part process. It was accepted by India but effectively rejected by Pakistan. In the end, no withdrawal was ever carried out, India insisting that Pakistan had to withdraw first, and Pakistan contending that there was no guarantee that India would withdraw afterward. No agreement could be reached between the two countries on the process of demilitarization. India and Pakistan fought two further wars in 1965 and 1971. Following the latter war, the countries reached the Simla Agreement, agreeing on a Line of", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 25 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10980135", "chunk_text": "\"Indo-Pakistani War of 1947–1948\"\nforces, both regular and irregular, while allowing India to maintain minimum strength of its forces in the state to preserve law and order. On compliance of these conditions a plebiscite was to be held to determine the future of the territory. Indian losses were 1,104 killed and 3,154 wounded, whereas Pakistani losses were 6,000 killed and 14,000 wounded. India gained control of the two-thirds Kashmir whereas, Pakistan gained roughly one-third of Kashmir. Most neutral assessments agree that India was the victor of the war as it was able to successfully defend about two thirds of Kashmir including Kashmir valley, Jammu", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 26 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10980100", "chunk_text": "\"Indo-Pakistani War of 1947–1948\"\nIndo-Pakistani War of 1947–1948 The Indo-Pakistani War of 1947–1948, sometimes known as the First Kashmir War, was fought between India and Pakistan over the princely state of Jammu and Kashmir from 1947 to 1948. It was the first of four Indo-Pakistan Wars fought between the two newly independent nations. Pakistan precipitated the war a few weeks after independence by launching tribal \"\"lashkar\"\" (militia) from Waziristan, in an effort to capture Kashmir, the future of which hung in the balance. The inconclusive result of the war still affects the geopolitics of both countries. The Maharaja faced an uprising by his Muslim", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 27 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3954671", "chunk_text": "\"Military history of Pakistan\"\nas the Maharaja of Lahore. His empire eventually extended as far west as the Khyber Pass and as far south as Multan. Amongst his conquests were Kashmir in 1819 and Peshawar in 1834, although the Afghans made two attempts to recover Peshawar. After the Maharaja's death the empire was weakened by internal divisions and political mismanagement. The British annexed the Sikh Empire in 1849 after two Anglo-Sikh wars. The British Raj ruled from 1858 to 1947, the period when India was part of the British Empire. Following a major mutiny, the British took steps to avoid further rebellions taking place", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 28 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15543318", "chunk_text": "\"Military history of India\"\na miscalculation, because Indian nationalist politicians, who had previously come out against the INA, now whipped up popular sentiment for the release of the INA accused. Realizing their error, the British acquiesced. In this way, the INA was another sign that the Raj's days were numbered. The Republic of India has fought three wars and one major incursion battle with Pakistan and one border war with China. This is also called the First Kashmir War. The war started in October 1947 when Pakistan feared that the Maharajah of the princely state of Kashmir and Jammu would accede to India. Following", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 29 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5588242", "chunk_text": "\"Frozen conflict\"\nconflict yet as ceasefire violations are keeping the fighting on a low burner. However, some experts predict a frozen future for this conflict as well. India and Pakistan have fought at least three wars over the disputed region of Kashmir in 1947, 1965, and 1999. India claims the entire area of the former princely state of Kashmir and Jammu, of which it administers approximately 43%. Its claims are contested by Pakistan, which controls approximately 37% of the region and urges for plebiscite in Kashmir. The remaining territory is controlled by the People's Republic of China, with which India is again", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 30 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10394041", "chunk_text": "\"Military history of Pakistan\"\nby the Indian army with the help of the Indian Air Force, and was an example of poor co-ordination by Pakistan. The result was the Pakistan Armed Forces's surrender to the Indian forces upon which 93,000 soldiers and officers became POWs, the largest since World War II. The official war between India and Pakistan ended after a fortnight on December 16, 1971, with Pakistan losing East Pakistan, which became Bangladesh. The official Bangladesh Government claim puts the number of Bengali civilian fatalities at 3 million. The military government collapsed as a result of the war, and control of the country", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 31 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15124885", "chunk_text": "\"Indo-Pakistani wars and conflicts\"\non West Pakistan. The seventeen-day war caused thousands of casualties on both sides and witnessed the largest engagement of armored vehicles and the largest tank battle since World War II. The hostilities between the two countries ended after a ceasefire was declared following diplomatic intervention by the Soviet Union and USA and the subsequent issuance of the Tashkent Declaration. India had the upper hand over Pakistan when the ceasefire was declared. This war was unique in the way that it did not involve the issue of Kashmir, but was rather precipitated by the crisis created by the political battle brewing", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 32 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15543323", "chunk_text": "\"Military history of India\"\nan insurgency against rule by India. India retaliated by launching a full-scale military attack on West Pakistan. The seventeen-day war caused thousands of casualties on both sides and also witnessed the largest tank battle since World War II. The hostilities between the two countries ended after a ceasefire was declared following diplomatic intervention by the Soviet Union and USA and the subsequent issuance of the Tashkent Declaration. Though ruled to be militarily inconclusive, both India and Pakistan claimed victory. Most neutral assessments, however, agree that India had the upper hand over Pakistan when the ceasefire was declared. As Pakistan lost", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 33 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3954662", "chunk_text": "\"Military history of Pakistan\"\nseveral minor border skirmishes with neighbouring Afghanistan. After the September 11 attacks, the military is engaged in a protracted low intensity conflict along Pakistan's western border with Afghanistan, with the Taliban and Al-Qaeda militants, as well as those who support or provide shelter to them. In addition, Pakistani troops have also participated in various foreign conflicts, usually acting as United Nations peacekeepers. At present, Pakistan has the largest number of its personnel acting under the United Nations with the number standing at 10,173 as of 31 March 2007. The region of modern-day Pakistan (part of India before 1947) formed the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 34 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "223942", "chunk_text": "\"India–Pakistan relations\"\na negative view. About half a million Muslims and Hindus were killed in communal riots following the partition of British India. Millions of Muslims living in India and Hindus and Sikhs living in Pakistan emigrated in one of the most colossal transfers of population in the modern era. Both countries accused each other of not providing adequate security to the minorities emigrating through their territory. This served to increase tensions between the newly-born countries. According to the British plan for the partition of British India, all the 680 princely states were allowed to decide which of the two countries to", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 35 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10802087", "chunk_text": "Dogfight\nengaged in large-scale aerial combat against each other for the first time since the independence of Pakistan in 1947. The war took place during the course of September 1965 and saw both air forces conduct defensive and offensive operations over Indian and Pakistani airspace. The aerial war saw both sides conducting thousands of sorties in a single month. Both sides claimed victory in the air war; Pakistan claimed to have destroyed 104 aircraft against its own losses of 19, while India claimed to have destroyed 73 enemy aircraft and lost 35 of its own. Despite the intense fighting, the conflict", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 36 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2577175", "chunk_text": "\"Kashmir conflict\"\nKashmir remains divided between India and Pakistan. Two-thirds of the former princely state of Jammu and Kashmir, comprising Jammu, the Kashmir Valley, and the sparsely populated Buddhist area of Ladakh are controlled by India while one-third is administered by Pakistan. The latter includes a narrow strip of land called Azad Kashmir and the Northern Areas, comprising the Gilgit Agency, Baltistan, and the former kingdoms of Hunza and Nagar. Attempts to resolve the dispute through political discussions have been unsuccessful. In September 1965, war again broke out between Pakistan and India. The United Nations called for another cease-fire, and peace was", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 37 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15124882", "chunk_text": "\"Indo-Pakistani wars and conflicts\"\nwere scattered unevenly in the whole country, the partition of British India into India and Pakistan in 1947 was not possible along religious lines. Nearly one third of the Muslim population of British India remained in India. Inter-communal violence between Hindus, Sikhs and Muslims resulted in between 500,000 and 1 million casualties. Princely-ruled territories, such as Kashmir and Hyderabad, were also involved in the Partition. Rulers of these territories had the choice of joining India or Pakistan. The war, also called the First Kashmir War, started in October 1947 when Pakistan feared that the Maharaja of the princely state of", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 38 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15124891", "chunk_text": "\"Indo-Pakistani wars and conflicts\"\non all-out war, while others were limited in scope. The countries were expected to fight each other in 1955 after warlike posturing on both sides, but full-scale war did not break out. The nuclear conflict between both countries is of passive strategic nature with nuclear doctrine of Pakistan stating a first strike policy, although the strike would only be initiated if and only if, the Pakistan Armed Forces are unable to halt an invasion (as for example in 1971 war) or a nuclear strike is launched against Pakistan, whereas India has a declared policy of no first use. These wars", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 39 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15124888", "chunk_text": "\"Indo-Pakistani wars and conflicts\"\nas the largest number of prisoners of war since the Second World War after the surrender of more than 90,000 Pakistani military and civilians. In the words of one Pakistani author, \"\"Pakistan lost half its navy, a quarter of its air force and a third of its army\"\". Commonly known as the Kargil War, this conflict between the two countries was mostly limited. During early 1999, Pakistani troops infiltrated across the Line of Control (LoC) and occupied Indian territory mostly in the Kargil district. India responded by launching a major military and diplomatic offensive to drive out the Pakistani infiltrators.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 40 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "559421", "chunk_text": "\"India–Pakistan border skirmishes (2016–2018)\"\nIndia–Pakistan border skirmishes (2016–2018) On 29 September 2016, border skirmishes between India and Pakistan began following reported \"\"surgical strikes\"\" by India against militant launch pads across the Line of Control in Pakistani-administered Azad Kashmir. Pakistan rejected that a strike took place, stating that Indian troops had not crossed the Line of Control but had only skirmished with Pakistani troops at the border, resulting in the deaths of two Pakistani soldiers and the wounding of nine. Pakistan rejected India's reports of any other casualties. Pakistani sources reported that at least 8 Indian soldiers were killed in the exchange, and one was", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 41 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15289324", "chunk_text": "Pakistan\nKashmir, (Azad Kashmir and Gilgit–Baltistan), and India retaining Eastern Kashmir (Jammu and Kashmir). Territorial problems eventually led to another conventional war in 1965; over the issue of Bengali refugees that led to another war in 1971 which resulted in Pakistan's unconditional surrender in East Pakistan. Tensions in Kargil brought the two countries at the brink of war. Since 1947 the unresolved territorial problems with Afghanistan saw border skirmishes which was kept mostly at the mountainous border. In 1961, the military and intelligence community repelled the Afghan incursion in the Bajaur Agency near the Durand Line border. Rising tensions with neighbouring", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 42 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6635872", "chunk_text": "\"Indo-Pak Confederation proposals\"\nthat Muslims and Hindus are separate nations that could not live together. Partition provoked great communal conflicts and the dispute over the territory of Kashmir made both nations hostile to each other. India and Pakistan engaged in war in 1947, 1965, 1971 and 1999. However, some diplomatic efforts have succeeded in promoting bilateral trade, sports events and permitting Indians and Pakistanis to visit each other's countries through the Samjhauta Express and the Delhi-Lahore Bus. The 1972 Shimla Agreement and subsequent bilateral accords have bound both nations to seek a peaceful solution to the Kashmir conflict while promoting trade and economic", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 43 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11706163", "chunk_text": "\"Pakistan and weapons of mass destruction\"\nIndia's decision and ability to retaliate, as shown in 2001 and 2008 crises, when non-state actors carried out deadly attacks on Indian soil, only to be met with a relatively subdued response from India. A military spokesperson stated that \"\"Pakistan's threat of nuclear first-use deterred India from seriously considering conventional military strikes.\"\" India is Pakistan's primary geographic neighbour and primary strategic competitor, helping drive Pakistan's conventional warfare capability and nuclear weapons development: The two countries share an 1800-mile border and have suffered a violent history—four wars in less than seven decades. The past three decades have seen India's economy eclipse", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 44 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2556358", "chunk_text": "\"Pakistan Armed Forces\"\ngovernment claims the number of deaths was as high as 3,000,000. Rising tensions with Afghanistan in the 1960s and an indirect proxy war fought against the Soviet Union in the 1970s led to a sharp rise in the development of the Pakistan Armed Forces. In 1999, an extended period of intense border-skirmishing with India, the so-called Kargil War, resulted in a redeployment of forces. the military has been conducting counterinsurgency operations along the border areas of Afghanistan, while continuing to participate in several United Nations peacekeeping operations. Since 1957, the armed forces have taken control from the civilian government in", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 45 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15124884", "chunk_text": "\"Indo-Pakistani wars and conflicts\"\n47 on 22 April 1948. The fronts solidified gradually along what came to be known as the Line of Control. A formal cease-fire was declared at 23:59 on the night of 1 January 1949. India gained control of about two-thirds of the state (Kashmir valley, Jammu and Ladakh) whereas Pakistan gained roughly a third of The Pakistan controlled areas are collectively referred to as Pakistan administered Kashmir. This war started following Pakistan's Operation Gibraltar, which was designed to infiltrate forces into Jammu and Kashmir to precipitate an insurgency against rule by India. India retaliated by launching a full-scale military attack", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 46 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6603804", "chunk_text": "\"India–Pakistan border\"\nIndia–Pakistan border The India–Pakistan Border, known locally as the International Border (IB), is an international border running between India and Pakistan that demarcates the Indian states and the Pakistani four provinces. The border runs from the Line of Control (LoC), which separates the Indian state of Jammu and Kashmir from Pakistani-controlled Kashmir, in the north, to the Zero Point between the Indian state of Gujarat and the Sindh province of Pakistan, in the south. Drafted and created based upon the Radcliffe line in 1947, the border, which divides Pakistan and India from each other, traverses a variety of terrains ranging", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 47 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "559479", "chunk_text": "\"India–Pakistan border skirmishes (2016–2018)\"\nalong the Line of Control by troops to maintain the ceasefire. India–Pakistan border skirmishes (2016–2018) On 29 September 2016, border skirmishes between India and Pakistan began following reported \"\"surgical strikes\"\" by India against militant launch pads across the Line of Control in Pakistani-administered Azad Kashmir. Pakistan rejected that a strike took place, stating that Indian troops had not crossed the Line of Control but had only skirmished with Pakistani troops at the border, resulting in the deaths of two Pakistani soldiers and the wounding of nine. Pakistan rejected India's reports of any other casualties. Pakistani sources reported that at least", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 48 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11017295", "chunk_text": "\"Indo-Pakistani War of 1965\"\nwas declared following diplomatic intervention by the Soviet Union and the United States, and the subsequent issuance of the Tashkent Declaration. Much of the war was fought by the countries' land forces in Kashmir and along the border between India and Pakistan. This war saw the largest amassing of troops in Kashmir since the Partition of British India in 1947, a number that was overshadowed only during the 2001–2002 military standoff between India and Pakistan. Most of the battles were fought by opposing infantry and armoured units, with substantial backing from air forces, and naval operations. Many details of this", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 49 } ]
test_3466	who is credited with developing the geocentric view?	n/a	[ "Ptolemy" ]	[]	n/a	n/a	n/a	[]	[ { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2259053", "chunk_text": "\"Geocentric model\"\nintended to explain changes in the brightness of the planets due to a change in distance. Eventually, perfectly concentric spheres were abandoned as it was impossible to develop a sufficiently accurate model under that ideal. However, while providing for similar explanations, the later deferent and epicycle model was flexible enough to accommodate observations for many centuries. Although the basic tenets of Greek geocentrism were established by the time of Aristotle, the details of his system did not become standard. The Ptolemaic system, developed by the Hellenistic astronomer Claudius Ptolemaeus in the 2nd century AD finally standardised geocentrism. His main astronomical", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 0 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20571046", "chunk_text": "\"Geocentric model\"\n1631). The change from circular orbits to elliptical planetary paths dramatically improved the accuracy of celestial observations and predictions. Because the heliocentric model devised by Copernicus was no more accurate than Ptolemy's system, new observations were needed to persuade those who still adhered to the geocentric model. However, Kepler's laws based on Brahe's data became a problem which geocentrists could not easily overcome. In 1687, Isaac Newton stated the law of universal gravitation, described earlier as a hypothesis by Robert Hooke and others. His main achievement was to mathematically derive Kepler's laws of planetary motion from the law of gravitation,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 1 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16643854", "chunk_text": "\"Geocentric model\"\nwas gradually superseded by the heliocentric model of Copernicus, Galileo, and Kepler. There was much resistance to the transition between these two theories. Some Christian theologians were reluctant to reject a theory that agreed with Biblical passages. Others felt a new, unknown theory could not subvert an accepted consensus for geocentrism. The geocentric model entered Greek astronomy and philosophy at an early point; it can be found in pre-Socratic philosophy. In the 6th century BC, Anaximander proposed a cosmology with Earth shaped like a section of a pillar (a cylinder), held aloft at the center of everything. The Sun, Moon,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 2 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2259067", "chunk_text": "\"Geocentric model\"\ncalculus, finally replacing the previous schools of scientific thought, which had been dominated by Aristotle and Ptolemy. However, the process was gradual. Several empirical tests of Newton's theory, explaining the longer period of oscillation of a pendulum at the equator and the differing size of a degree of latitude, would gradually become available between 1673 and 1738. In addition, stellar aberration was observed by Robert Hooke in 1674, and tested in a series of observations by Jean Picard over a period of ten years, finishing in 1680. However, it was not explained until 1729, when James Bradley provided an approximate", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 3 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16643872", "chunk_text": "\"Geocentric model\"\nknew about Tusi's work or that of the Maragha school. Not all Greeks agreed with the geocentric model. The Pythagorean system has already been mentioned; some Pythagoreans believed the Earth to be one of several planets going around a central fire. Hicetas and Ecphantus, two Pythagoreans of the 5th century BC, and Heraclides Ponticus in the 4th century BC, believed that the Earth rotated on its axis but remained at the center of the universe. Such a system still qualifies as geocentric. It was revived in the Middle Ages by Jean Buridan. Heraclides Ponticus was once thought to have proposed", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 4 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16643855", "chunk_text": "\"Geocentric model\"\nand planets were holes in invisible wheels surrounding Earth; through the holes, humans could see concealed fire. About the same time, Pythagoras thought that the Earth was a sphere (in accordance with observations of eclipses), but not at the center; they believed that it was in motion around an unseen fire. Later these views were combined, so most educated Greeks from the 4th century BC on thought that the Earth was a sphere at the center of the universe. In the 4th century BC, two influential Greek philosophers, Plato and his student Aristotle, wrote works based on the geocentric model.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 5 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3577877", "chunk_text": "\"Heraclides Ponticus\"\nHeraclides Ponticus Heraclides Ponticus ( \"\"Herakleides\"\"; c. 390 BC – c. 310 BC) was a Greek philosopher and astronomer who was born in Heraclea Pontica, now Karadeniz Ereğli, Turkey, and migrated to Athens. He is best remembered for proposing that the Earth rotates on its axis, from west to east, once every 24 hours. He is also hailed as the originator of the heliocentric theory, although this is doubted by some. Heraclides' father was Euthyphron, a wealthy nobleman who sent his son to study at the Platonic Academy in Athens under its founder Plato and under his successor Speusippus. According", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 6 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20571045", "chunk_text": "\"Geocentric model\"\n17th century competition between astronomical cosmologies focused on variations of Tycho Brahe's Tychonic system (in which the Earth was still at the center of the universe, and around it revolved the Sun, but all other planets revolved around the Sun in one massive set of epicycles), or variations on the Copernican system. Johannes Kepler analysed Tycho Brahe's famously accurate observations and afterwards constructed his three laws in 1609 and 1619, based on a heliocentric view where the planets move in elliptical paths. Using these laws, he was the first astronomer to successfully predict a transit of Venus (for the year", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 7 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16643877", "chunk_text": "\"Geocentric model\"\nJohannes Kepler, and Giovan Paulo Lembo. In December 1610, Galileo Galilei used his telescope to observe that Venus showed all phases, just like the Moon. He thought that while this observation was incompatible with the Ptolemaic system, it was a natural consequence of the heliocentric system. However, Ptolemy placed Venus' deferent and epicycle entirely inside the sphere of the Sun (between the Sun and Mercury), but this was arbitrary; he could just as easily have swapped Venus and Mercury and put them on the other side of the Sun, or made any other arrangement of Venus and Mercury, as long", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 8 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3011127", "chunk_text": "\"Geocentric model\"\nGeocentric model In astronomy, the geocentric model (also known as geocentrism, or the Ptolemaic system) is a superseded description of the Universe with Earth at the center. Under the geocentric model, the Sun, Moon, stars, and planets all orbited Earth. The geocentric model served as the predominant description of the cosmos in many ancient civilizations, such as those of Aristotle and Ptolemy. Two observations supported the idea that Earth was the center of the Universe. First, from anywhere on Earth, the Sun appears to revolve around Earth once per day. While the Moon and the planets have their own motions,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 9 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20571038", "chunk_text": "\"Geocentric model\"\nPtolemy (\"\"shukūk\"\"). Several Muslim scholars questioned the Earth's apparent immobility and centrality within the universe. Some Muslim astronomers believed that the Earth rotates around its axis, such as Abu Sa'id al-Sijzi (d. circa 1020). According to al-Biruni, Sijzi invented an astrolabe called \"\"al-zūraqī\"\" based on a belief held by some of his contemporaries \"\"that the motion we see is due to the Earth's movement and not to that of the sky.\"\" The prevalence of this view is further confirmed by a reference from the 13th century which states: According to the geometers [or engineers] (\"\"muhandisīn\"\"), the Earth is in constant", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 10 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2259060", "chunk_text": "\"Geocentric model\"\nthat both Venus and Mercury went around the Sun rather than the Earth, but this is no longer accepted. Martianus Capella definitely put Mercury and Venus in orbit around the Sun. Aristarchus of Samos was the most radical. He wrote a work, which has not survived, on heliocentrism, saying that the Sun was at the center of the universe, while the Earth and other planets revolved around it. His theory was not popular, and he had one named follower, Seleucus of Seleucia. In 1543, the geocentric system met its first serious challenge with the publication of Copernicus' \"\"De revolutionibus orbium", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 11 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4492390", "chunk_text": "Philolaus\nPhilolaus Philolaus (; , \"\"Philólaos\"\"; ) was a Greek Pythagorean and pre-Socratic philosopher. He argued that at the foundation of everything is the part played by the limiting and limitless, which combine together in a harmony. He is also credited with originating the theory that the Earth was not the center of the Universe. According to August Böckh (1819), who cites Nicomachus, Philolaus was the successor of Pythagoras. Philolaus is variously reported as being born in either Croton, or Tarentum, or Metapontum—all part of Magna Graecia (the name of the coastal areas of Southern Italy on the Tarentine Gulf that", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 12 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9416414", "chunk_text": "\"Earth's orbit\"\npresented his geocentric model in the 2nd century. This \"\"Copernican revolution\"\" resolved the issue of planetary retrograde motion by arguing that such motion was only perceived and apparent. \"\"Although Copernicus's groundbreaking book...had been [printed] over a century earlier, [the Dutch mapmaker] Joan Blaeu was the first mapmaker to incorporate his revolutionary heliocentric theory into a map of the world.\"\" Because of Earth's axial tilt (often known as the obliquity of the ecliptic), the inclination of the Sun's trajectory in the sky (as seen by an observer on Earth's surface) varies over the course of the year. For an observer at", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 13 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8387957", "chunk_text": "\"Galileo Galilei\"\nbest equivocal, however. In the whole world prior to Galileo's conflict with the Church, the majority of educated people subscribed either to the Aristotelian geocentric view that the earth was the center of the universe and that all heavenly bodies revolved around the Earth, or the Tychonic system that blended geocentrism with heliocentrism. Nevertheless, following the death of Copernicus and before Galileo, heliocentrism was relatively uncontroversial; Copernicus's work was used by Pope Gregory XIII to reform the calendar in 1582. Opposition to heliocentrism and Galileo's writings combined religious and scientific objections. Scientific opposition came from Tycho Brahe and others and", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 14 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16643874", "chunk_text": "\"Geocentric model\"\ncoelestium\"\" (\"\"On the Revolutions of the Heavenly Spheres\"\"), which posited that the Earth and the other planets instead revolved around the Sun. The geocentric system was still held for many years afterwards, as at the time the Copernican system did not offer better predictions than the geocentric system, and it posed problems for both natural philosophy and scripture. The Copernican system was no more accurate than Ptolemy's system, because it still used circular orbits. This was not altered until Johannes Kepler postulated that they were elliptical (Kepler's first law of planetary motion). With the invention of the telescope in 1609,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 15 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20571035", "chunk_text": "\"Geocentric model\"\nnot appear to a noticeable extent when the eccentricity is less than 5%, but the offset distance of the \"\"center\"\" (in fact the focus occupied by the sun) is very noticeable even with low eccentricities as possessed by the planets. To summarize, Ptolemy devised a system that was compatible with Aristotelian philosophy and managed to track actual observations and predict future movement mostly to within the limits of the next 1000 years of observations. The observed motions and his mechanisms for explaining them include: The geocentric model was eventually replaced by the heliocentric model. The earliest heliocentric model, Copernican heliocentrism,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 16 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2259068", "chunk_text": "\"Geocentric model\"\nexplanation in terms of the Earth's revolution about the sun. In 1838, astronomer Friedrich Wilhelm Bessel measured the parallax of the star 61 Cygni successfully, and disproved Ptolemy's claim that parallax motion did not exist. This finally confirmed the assumptions made by Copernicus, providing accurate, dependable scientific observations, and conclusively displaying how distant stars are from Earth. A geocentric frame is useful for many everyday activities and most laboratory experiments, but is a less appropriate choice for solar system mechanics and space travel. While a heliocentric frame is most useful in those cases, galactic and extragalactic astronomy is easier if", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 17 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3011129", "chunk_text": "\"Geocentric model\"\nit (רקיע- rāqîa'). However, the ancient Greeks believed that the motions of the planets were circular and not elliptical, a view that was not challenged in Western culture until the 17th century, when Johannes Kepler postulated that orbits were heliocentric and elliptical (Kepler's first law of planetary motion). In 1687, Newton showed that elliptical orbits could be derived from his laws of gravitation. The astronomical predictions of Ptolemy's geocentric model were used to prepare astrological and astronomical charts for over 1500 years. The geocentric model held sway into the early modern age, but from the late 16th century onward, it", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 18 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7604125", "chunk_text": "\"History of physics\"\nthese is what is now called Galilean relativity, the first precisely formulated statement about properties of space and time outside three-dimensional geometry. Galileo has been called the \"\"father of modern observational astronomy\"\", the \"\"father of modern physics\"\", the \"\"father of science\"\", and \"\"the father of modern science\"\". According to Stephen Hawking, \"\"Galileo, perhaps more than any other single person, was responsible for the birth of modern science.\"\" As religious orthodoxy decreed a geocentric or Tychonic understanding of the Solar system, Galileo's support for heliocentrism provoked controversy and he was tried by the Inquisition. Found \"\"vehemently suspect of heresy\"\", he was", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 19 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14076710", "chunk_text": "Orbit\nmore accurately measured, theoretical mechanisms such as deferent and epicycles were added. Although the model was capable of reasonably accurately predicting the planets' positions in the sky, more and more epicycles were required as the measurements became more accurate, hence the model became increasingly unwieldy. Originally geocentric it was modified by Copernicus to place the sun at the centre to help simplify the model. The model was further challenged during the 16th century, as comets were observed traversing the spheres. The basis for the modern understanding of orbits was first formulated by Johannes Kepler whose results are summarised in his", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 20 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19652487", "chunk_text": "\"Aristarchus of Samos\"\nthe Earth from its central position. Pliny and Seneca referred to the retrograde motion of some planets as an apparent (and not real) phenomenon, which is an implication of heliocentrism rather than geocentrism. Still, no stellar parallax was observed, and Plato, Aristotle, and Ptolemy preferred the geocentric model, which was held as true throughout the Middle Ages. The heliocentric theory was revived by Copernicus, after which Johannes Kepler described planetary motions with greater accuracy with his three laws. Isaac Newton later gave a theoretical explanation based on laws of gravitational attraction and dynamics. The only known surviving work usually attributed", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 21 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13236618", "chunk_text": "\"Copernican Revolution\"\nCopernican Revolution The Copernican Revolution was the paradigm shift from the Ptolemaic model of the heavens, which described the cosmos as having Earth stationary at the center of the universe, to the heliocentric model with the Sun at the center of the Solar System. Beginning with the publication of Nicolaus Copernicus’s \"\"De revolutionibus orbium coelestium\"\", contributions to the “revolution” continued until finally ending with Isaac Newton’s work over a century later. The \"\"Copernican Revolution\"\" is named for Nicolaus Copernicus, whose \"\"Commentariolus\"\", written before 1514, was the first explicit presentation of the heliocentric model in Renaissance scholarship. The idea of heliocentrism", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 22 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13522166", "chunk_text": "\"Copernican heliocentrism\"\nin geometry, given that he had no experimental evidence. Copernican heliocentrism Copernican heliocentrism is the name given to the astronomical model developed by Nicolaus Copernicus and published in 1543. It positioned the Sun near the center of the Universe, motionless, with Earth and the other planets orbiting around it in circular paths modified by epicycles and at uniform speeds. The Copernican model displaced the geocentric model of the Ptolemy that had prevailed for centuries, placing Earth at the center of the Universe. It is often regarded as the launching point to modern astronomy and the Scientific Revolution. Copernicus was aware", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 23 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18467319", "chunk_text": "\"Concentric spheres\"\nConcentric spheres The cosmological model of concentric or homocentric spheres, developed by Eudoxus, Callippus, and Aristotle, employed celestial spheres all centered on the Earth. In this respect, it differed from the epicyclic and eccentric models with multiple centers, which were used by Ptolemy and other mathematical astronomers until the time of Copernicus. Eudoxus of Cnidus was the first astronomer to develop the concept of concentric spheres. He was originally a student at Plato’s academy and is believed to have been influenced by the cosmological speculations of Plato and Pythagoras. He came up with the idea of homocentric spheres in order", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 24 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5649259", "chunk_text": "Geography\nthe credit going either to Parmenides or Pythagoras. Anaxagoras was able to demonstrate that the profile of the Earth was circular by explaining eclipses. However, he still believed that the Earth was a flat disk, as did many of his contemporaries. One of the first estimates of the radius of the Earth was made by Eratosthenes. The first rigorous system of latitude and longitude lines is credited to Hipparchus. He employed a sexagesimal system that was derived from Babylonian mathematics. The meridians were sub-divided into 360°, with each degree further subdivided into 60 (minutes). To measure the longitude at different", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 25 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10087603", "chunk_text": "Eratosthenes\nEratosthenes Eratosthenes of Cyrene (; , ; – ) was a Greek mathematician, geographer, poet, astronomer, and music theorist. He was a man of learning, becoming the chief librarian at the Library of Alexandria. He invented the discipline of geography, including the terminology used today. He is best known for being the first person to calculate the circumference of the Earth, which he did by comparing altitudes of the mid-day sun at two places a known North-South distance apart. His calculation was remarkably accurate. He was also the first to calculate the tilt of the Earth's axis, again with remarkable", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 26 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16153773", "chunk_text": "\"A History of the Warfare of Science with Theology in Christendom\"\nmost followed authorities such as Thomas Aquinas in accepting sphericity. Jerusalem was accepted as the centre of the world and a refusal to accept the existence of antipodes led many to assume that the other side of the world was entirely aqueous. Opposition to the antipodes did not cease for centuries after Magellan's voyages and also contributed to underestimates of the size of the earth, which happened to help Columbus. Religious feeling encouraged the expansion of Europeans across the globe. Despite earlier more literal ideas, the Ptolemaic view of a geocentric universe was fully adopted by the Church, adding an", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 27 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16571443", "chunk_text": "Heliocentrism\nof Samos's heliocentric scheme had centuries earlier necessarily placed the stars at least two orders of magnitude more distant. Problems with Ptolemy's system were well recognized in medieval astronomy, and an increasing effort to criticize and improve it in the late medieval period eventually led to the Copernican heliocentrism developed in Renaissance astronomy. The non-geocentric model of the Universe was proposed by the Pythagorean philosopher Philolaus (d. 390 BC), who taught that at the center of the Universe was a \"\"central fire\"\", around which the Earth, Sun, Moon and planets revolved in uniform circular motion. This system postulated the existence", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 28 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1251127", "chunk_text": "\"Creationist cosmologies\"\nfreely elects to create an effect in time. Therefore ... I conclude that it is rational to believe that God exists.\"\" The demonstrated existence of God in turn leads into God's purpose in creating the cosmos, which is mankind: \"\"The observations that place the Earth near the centre of the universe are consistent with God’s focus on mankind.\"\" For many centuries, The Geocentric model, a description of the cosmos which posited Earth as the center of all celestial bodies, was widely accepted by a variety of different civilizations. The Geocentric model was developed primarily by Greek philosopher Aristotle and Greco-Egyptian", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 29 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16643867", "chunk_text": "\"Geocentric model\"\nAlpetragius proposed a planetary model that abandoned the equant, epicycle and eccentric mechanisms, though this resulted in a system that was mathematically less accurate. Alpetragius also declared the Ptolemaic system as an imaginary model that was successful at predicting planetary positions but not real or physical. His alternative system spread through most of Europe during the 13th century. Fakhr al-Din al-Razi (1149–1209), in dealing with his conception of physics and the physical world in his \"\"Matalib\"\", rejects the Aristotelian and Avicennian notion of the Earth's centrality within the universe, but instead argues that there are \"\"a thousand thousand worlds (\"\"alfa", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 30 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13522126", "chunk_text": "\"Copernican heliocentrism\"\nCopernican heliocentrism Copernican heliocentrism is the name given to the astronomical model developed by Nicolaus Copernicus and published in 1543. It positioned the Sun near the center of the Universe, motionless, with Earth and the other planets orbiting around it in circular paths modified by epicycles and at uniform speeds. The Copernican model displaced the geocentric model of the Ptolemy that had prevailed for centuries, placing Earth at the center of the Universe. It is often regarded as the launching point to modern astronomy and the Scientific Revolution. Copernicus was aware that the ancient Greek Aristarchus had already proposed a", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 31 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5649265", "chunk_text": "Geography\nthe Earth's circumference, and made it possible for it to be measured by a single person from a single location. The European Age of Discovery during the 16th and the 17th centuries, where many new lands were discovered and accounts by European explorers such as Christopher Columbus, Marco Polo, and James Cook revived a desire for both accurate geographic detail, and more solid theoretical foundations in Europe. The problem facing both explorers and geographers was finding the latitude and longitude of a geographic location. The problem of latitude was solved long ago but that of longitude remained; agreeing on what", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 32 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8387940", "chunk_text": "\"Galileo Galilei\"\nGalileo Galilei Galileo Galilei (; 15 February 1564 – 8 January 1642) was an Italian astronomer, physicist and engineer, sometimes described as a polymath. Galileo has been called the \"\"father of observational astronomy\"\", the \"\"father of modern physics\"\", the \"\"father of the scientific method\"\", and the \"\"father of modern science\"\". Galileo studied speed and velocity, gravity and free fall, the principle of relativity, inertia, projectile motion and also worked in applied science and technology, describing the properties of pendulums and \"\"hydrostatic balances\"\", inventing the thermoscope and various military compasses, and using the telescope for scientific observations of celestial objects. His", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 33 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19306464", "chunk_text": "\"History of geodesy\"\nkm per degree and 40,068 km circumference, respectively. Muslim astronomers and geographers were aware of magnetic declination by the 15th century, when the Egyptian astronomer 'Abd al-'Aziz al-Wafa'i (d. 1469/1471) measured it as 7 degrees from Cairo. Revising the figures attributed to Posidonius, another Greek philosopher determined 18,000 miles as the Earth's circumference. This last figure was promulgated by Ptolemy through his world maps. The maps of Ptolemy strongly influenced the cartographers of the Middle Ages. It is probable that Christopher Columbus, using such maps, was led to believe that Asia was only 3 or 4 thousand miles west of", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 34 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20571063", "chunk_text": "\"Geocentric model\"\nMaimonides' calendar calculations, the great majority of Jewish religious scholars, who accept the divinity of the Bible and accept many of his rulings as legally binding, do not believe that the Bible or Maimonides command a belief in geocentrism. Prominent cases of modern geocentrism in Islam are very isolated. Very few individuals promoted a geocentric view of the universe. One of them was Ahmed Raza Khan Barelvi, a Sunni scholar of Indian subcontinent. He rejected the heliocentric model and wrote a book that explains the movement of the sun, moon and other planets around the Earth. The Grand Mufti of", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 35 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16643870", "chunk_text": "\"Geocentric model\"\nShams al-Din al-Khafri (d. 1550). Ibn al-Shatir, the Damascene astronomer (1304–1375 AD) working at the Umayyad Mosque, wrote a major book entitled \"\"Kitab Nihayat al-Sul fi Tashih al-Usul\"\" (\"\"A Final Inquiry Concerning the Rectification of Planetary Theory\"\") on a theory which departs largely from the Ptolemaic system known at that time. In his book, \"\"Ibn al-Shatir, an Arab astronomer of the fourteenth century\"\", E. S. Kennedy wrote \"\"what is of most interest, however, is that Ibn al-Shatir's lunar theory, except for trivial differences in parameters, is identical with that of Copernicus (1473–1543 AD).\"\" The discovery that the models of Ibn", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 36 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2928815", "chunk_text": "Heliocentrism\nthe Renaissance mathematician, astronomer, and Catholic cleric Nicolaus Copernicus, leading to the Copernican Revolution. In the following century, Johannes Kepler introduced elliptical orbits, and Galileo Galilei presented supporting observations made using a telescope. With the observations of William Herschel, Friedrich Bessel, and other astronomers, it was realized that the sun, while near the barycenter of the solar system, was not at any center of the universe. While the sphericity of the Earth was widely recognized in Greco-Roman astronomy from at least the 3rd century BC, the Earth's daily rotation and yearly orbit around the Sun was never universally accepted until", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 37 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "869968", "chunk_text": "Cosmology\n\"\"celestial mechanics\"\", the study of the heavens. Greek philosophers Aristarchus of Samos, Aristotle, and Ptolemy proposed different cosmological theories. The geocentric Ptolemaic system was the prevailing theory until the 16th century when Nicolaus Copernicus, and subsequently Johannes Kepler and Galileo Galilei, proposed a heliocentric system. This is one of the most famous examples of epistemological rupture in physical cosmology. Isaac Newton's \"\"Principia Mathematica\"\", published in 1687, was the first description of the law of universal gravitation. It provided a physical mechanism for Kepler's laws and also allowed the anomalies in previous systems, caused by gravitational interaction between the planets, to", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 38 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16643876", "chunk_text": "\"Geocentric model\"\ncelestial bodies made from Earth-like material. Galileo could also see the moons of Jupiter, which he dedicated to Cosimo II de' Medici, and stated that they orbited around Jupiter, not Earth. This was a significant claim as it would mean not only that not everything revolved around Earth as stated in the Ptolemaic model, but also showed a secondary celestial body could orbit a moving celestial body, strengthening the heliocentric argument that a moving Earth could retain the Moon. Galileo's observations were verified by other astronomers of the time period who quickly adopted use of the telescope, including Christoph Scheiner,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 39 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10903379", "chunk_text": "\"History of geodesy\"\nSouth. The early Greeks, in their speculation and theorizing, ranged from the flat disc advocated by Homer to the spherical body postulated by Pythagoras. Pythagoras's idea was supported later by Aristotle. Pythagoras was a mathematician and to him the most perfect figure was a sphere. He reasoned that the gods would create a perfect figure and therefore the Earth was created to be spherical in shape. Anaximenes, an early Greek philosopher, believed strongly that the Earth was rectangular in shape. Since the spherical shape was the most widely supported during the Greek Era, efforts to determine its size followed. Aristotle", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 40 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12660150", "chunk_text": "Almagest\nAlmagest The Almagest () is a 2nd-century Greek-language mathematical and astronomical treatise on the apparent motions of the stars and planetary paths, written by Claudius Ptolemy ( ). One of the most influential scientific texts of all time, its geocentric model was accepted for more than 1200 years from its origin in Hellenistic Alexandria, in the medieval Byzantine and Islamic worlds, and in Western Europe through the Middle Ages and early Renaissance until Copernicus. The \"\"Almagest\"\" is the critical source of information on ancient Greek astronomy. It has also been valuable to students of mathematics because it documents the ancient", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 41 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2259074", "chunk_text": "\"Geocentric model\"\nfrom the late 16th century onward it was gradually replaced as the consensus description by the heliocentric model. Geocentrism as a separate religious belief, however, never completely died out. In the United States between 1870 and 1920, for example, various members of the Lutheran Church–Missouri Synod published articles disparaging Copernican astronomy, and geocentrism was widely taught within the synod during that period. However, in the 1902 \"\"Theological Quarterly\"\", A. L. Graebner claimed that the synod had no doctrinal position on geocentrism, heliocentrism, or any scientific model, unless it were to contradict Scripture. He stated that any possible declarations of geocentrists", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 42 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7628698", "chunk_text": "\"History of astronomy\"\nis itself a distant sun. During the renaissance period, astronomy began to undergo a revolution in thought known as the Copernican revolution, which gets the name from the astronomer Nicolaus Copernicus, who proposed a heliocentric system, in which the planets revolved around the Sun and not the Earth. His De Revolutionibus Orbium Coelestium was published in 1543. While in the long term this was a very controversial claim, in the very beginning it only brought minor controversy. The theory became the dominant view because many figures, most notably Galileo Galilei, Johannes Kepler and Isaac Newton championed and improved upon the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 43 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2259071", "chunk_text": "\"Geocentric model\"\nthe geocentric view than Newtonian physics does, relativity is not geocentric. Rather, relativity states that the Sun, the Earth, the Moon, Jupiter, or any other point for that matter could be chosen as a center of the solar system with equal validity. For this reason Robert Sungenis, a modern geocentrist, spent much of Volume I of his book \"\"Galileo Was Wrong: The Church Was Right\"\" critiquing and trying to unravel the Special and General theories of Relativity. Relativity agrees with Newtonian predictions that regardless of whether the Sun or the Earth are chosen arbitrarily as the center of the coordinate", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 44 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7604094", "chunk_text": "\"History of physics\"\nmainstream scientific paradigm in Europe until the time of Galileo Galilei and Isaac Newton. Early in Classical Greece, knowledge that the Earth is spherical (\"\"round\"\") was common. Around 240 BCE, as the result a seminal experiment, Eratosthenes (276–194 BCE) accurately estimated its circumference. In contrast to Aristotle's geocentric views, Aristarchus of Samos (; c.310 – c.230 BCE) presented an explicit argument for a heliocentric model of the Solar system, i.e. for placing the Sun, not the Earth, at its centre. Seleucus of Seleucia, a follower of Aristarchus' heliocentric theory, stated that the Earth rotated around its own axis, which, in", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 45 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6147891", "chunk_text": "\"History of cartography\"\nuniversal custom today. Yet with all his important innovations, however, Ptolemy was not infallible. His most important error was a miscalculation of the circumference of the earth. He believed that Eurasia covered 180° of the globe, which convinced Christopher Columbus to sail across the Atlantic to look for a simpler and faster way to travel to India. Had Columbus known that the true figure was much greater, it is conceivable that he would never have set out on his momentous voyage. Pomponius is unique among ancient geographers in that, after dividing the earth into five zones, of which two only", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 46 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8610237", "chunk_text": "Hipparchus\nHipparchus Hipparchus of Nicaea (; , \"\"Hipparkhos\"\"; ) was a Greek astronomer, geographer, and mathematician. He is considered the founder of trigonometry but is most famous for his incidental discovery of precession of the equinoxes. Hipparchus was born in Nicaea, Bithynia (now İznik, Turkey), and probably died on the island of Rhodes. He is known to have been a working astronomer at least from 162 to 127 . Hipparchus is considered the greatest ancient astronomical observer and, by some, the greatest overall astronomer of antiquity. He was the first whose quantitative and accurate models for the motion of the Sun", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 47 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20571062", "chunk_text": "\"Geocentric model\"\nin the world of Copernicus\"\". The Zohar states: \"\"The entire world and those upon it, spin round in a circle like a ball, both those at the bottom of the ball and those at the top. All God's creatures, wherever they live on the different parts of the ball, look different (in color, in their features) because the air is different in each place, but they stand erect as all other human beings, therefore, there are places in the world where, when some have light, others have darkness; when some have day, others have night.\"\" While geocentrism is important in", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 48 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16643890", "chunk_text": "\"Geocentric model\"\na few other books continued to be explicitly included. In 1820, the Congregation of the Holy Office, with the pope's approval, decreed that Catholic astronomer Giuseppe Settele was allowed to treat the Earth's motion as an established fact and removed any obstacle for Catholics to hold to the motion of the Earth: In 1822, the Congregation of the Holy Office removed the prohibition on the publication of books treating of the Earth's motion in accordance with modern astronomy and Pope Pius VII ratified the decision: The 1835 edition of the Catholic Index of Prohibited Books for the first time omits", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 49 } ]
test_3467	who was the voice of templeton in charlotte's web?	n/a	[ "Paul Lynde" ]	[]	n/a	n/a	n/a	[]	[ { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5981500", "chunk_text": "\"Charlotte's Web (1973 film)\"\nhis residence in Maine, in which the author highlighted parts of the book he did not want to change, and parts that were \"\"subject to discussion.\"\" In January 1972, it was reported that Henry Gibson, Debbie Reynolds, and Tony Randall had signed on to provide the voices of Wilbur, Charlotte, and Templeton. Writing in his autobiography, Barbera wrote that Reynolds had called him and said that she was willing to join the project even without being paid. Although Randall had completed all of his voicework, co-director Iwao Takamoto wrote that \"\"his readings just went flat, which surprised all of us.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 0 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10390629", "chunk_text": "\"Charlotte's Web (2006 film)\"\nCharlotte's Web (2006 film) Charlotte's Web is a 2006 American live-action/computer-animated comedy-drama film based on the 1952 children's novel of the same name by E. B. White. Directed by Gary Winick and written by Susannah Grant and Karey Kirkpatrick, it is the second film adaptation of White's book following a 1973 cel-animated version produced by Hanna-Barbera Productions. The film stars Dakota Fanning, Kevin Anderson, Beau Bridges and Louis Corbett with voices provided by Dominic Scott Kay, Julia Roberts, Steve Buscemi, John Cleese, Reba McEntire, Oprah Winfrey, Cedric the Entertainer, Kathy Bates and Thomas Haden Church. Produced by Walden Media, Jordan", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 1 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8559309", "chunk_text": "\"Dominic Scott Kay\"\nDominic Scott Kay Dominic Scott Kay (born May 6, 1996) is an American actor, singer and entrepreneur. He was born in Los Angeles, California He is best known for his work as the voice of Wilbur in \"\"Charlotte's Web\"\", and in the post-credits scene of \"\"\"\" as Henry Turner, the son of Will Turner (Orlando Bloom) and Elizabeth Swann (Keira Knightley). He also played Tom Cruise's son in Steven Spielberg's \"\"Minority Report\"\", and Adam in \"\"Snow Buddies\"\". He also appeared on season five of the American edition of \"\"The Voice\"\". Kay directed and wrote a short film starring Kevin Bacon", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 2 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13099164", "chunk_text": "\"Tony Randall\"\nOscar, and the TV spots were filmed on the same set as \"\"The Odd Couple\"\". During the series run he had a small role in \"\"Everything You Always Wanted to Know About Sex * But Were Afraid to Ask\"\" (1972). In 1973, he was originally hired to play the voice of Templeton the gluttonous rat in \"\"Charlotte's Web\"\", but was replaced at the last minute by Paul Lynde, due to his voice sounding too sophisticated and the director wanting Templeton to have a nasal voice. From 1976–78, he starred in \"\"The Tony Randall Show\"\", playing a Philadelphia judge. He had", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 3 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7917802", "chunk_text": "\"Paul Lynde\"\nPaul Lynde Paul Edward Lynde (; June 13, 1926January 11, 1982) was an American comedian, voice artist, game show panelist and actor. A character actor with a distinctively campy and snarky persona that often poked fun at his barely in-the-closet homosexuality, Lynde was well known for his roles as Uncle Arthur on \"\"Bewitched\"\" and the befuddled father Harry MacAfee in \"\"Bye Bye Birdie\"\". He was also the regular \"\"center square\"\" panelist on the game show \"\"Hollywood Squares\"\" from 1968 to 1981, and he voiced four Hanna-Barbera productions: he was Templeton the gluttonous rat in \"\"Charlotte's Web\"\", Mildew Wolf from \"\"It's", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 4 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14726080", "chunk_text": "\"Henry Gibson\"\nhis home in Malibu, California, a week before his 74th birthday. He was cremated at the Westwood Village Memorial Park Cemetery. Henry Gibson Henry Gibson (born James Bateman, September 21, 1935 – September 14, 2009), was an American actor, singer, and songwriter. His best-known roles include his time as a cast member of the TV sketch-comedy series \"\"Rowan & Martin's Laugh-In\"\" from 1968 to 1971, the voice of Wilbur in the 1973 film \"\"Charlotte's Web\"\", his portrayal of diminutive country star Haven Hamilton in Robert Altman's 1975 film \"\"Nashville\"\", his role as the \"\"Illinois Nazi\"\" leader in the 1980 film", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 5 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3951342", "chunk_text": "\"Charlotte's Web (2006 film)\"\neffects supervisor for the film was John Berton, who noted that a live-action version of \"\"Charlotte's Web\"\" has become much more practical in recent years due to advances in technology. Winick \"\"was adamant\"\" that Charlotte and Templeton (the film's two entirely computer-generated characters) should be realistic and not stylized, although they did give Charlotte almond-shaped eyes. John Dietz, visual effects supervisor for Rising Sun Pictures, notes that there was a debate over whether to give her a mouth and that in the end, they decided to have her chelicerae move in what he describes as being almost like a veil", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 6 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7917808", "chunk_text": "\"Paul Lynde\"\nvoice work on animated cartoons, particularly those of Hanna-Barbera Productions. His most notable roles included The Hooded Claw in \"\"The Perils of Penelope Pitstop\"\", Mildew Wolf from \"\"It's the Wolf\"\" (a segment of \"\"Cattanooga Cats\"\"), and Pertwee from \"\"Where's Huddles?\"\". He also voiced gluttonous rat Templeton in the animated feature \"\"Charlotte's Web\"\". Lynde's sardonic inflections added a dimension to such lines as the sly, drawn-out whine, \"\"What's in it for \"\"meeee?\"\"\"\" His distinctive voice remains popular among impressionists. Although it is sometimes assumed that actress Alice Ghostley based her speech patterns and mannerisms on Lynde's, according to actress Kaye Ballard", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 7 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19691553", "chunk_text": "\"Charlotte's Web (1973 film)\"\nTony's delivery was a bit too sophisticated and his singing was too operatic. He did not have enough of that raunchy feeling that the character required.\"\" Barbera felt Randall had to be replaced, and approached Paul Lynde, who was voicing characters in \"\"The Perils of Penelope Pitstop\"\" at the time, to do a reading. Lynde was officially cast in the following spring, which was followed by Agnes Moorehead, Rex Allen, Pamelyn Ferdin, and Martha Scott who had joined the cast. \"\"Charlotte's Web\"\" was originally slated to be released during the summer of 1972, but by September 1972, its release was", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 8 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20049846", "chunk_text": "\"Charlotte's Web (1973 film)\"\nto do so, the ram points out that three of them did not fly away. Pleased at finding new friends, he names them Joy, Nellie, and Aranea, but as much as he loves them, they will never replace the memory of Charlotte. Five members of the cast (Henry Gibson, Paul Lynde, Agnes Moorehead, Danny Bonaduce, and Dave Madden) had previously appeared on the ABC television sitcom \"\"Bewitched\"\" (1964-1972). Hanna-Barbera also animated the opening credits of the show. However, Bonaduce and Madden are better known for their roles on another ABC-TV sitcom, \"\"The Partridge Family\"\" (1970–1974), which was still in production", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 9 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5635462", "chunk_text": "\"Randall Batinkoff\"\nhe played Reverend David Grantland on the CBS television series, \"\"Christy\"\". He also appeared in the 1997 film \"\"As Good as It Gets\"\" where he shared an on-screen kiss with Helen Hunt. Batinkoff still acts regularly in television, on stage, and in films. He most recently appeared in the made-for-television movies \"\"Skip Tracer\"\" and \"\"Black Widow (2007 film)\"\", and the film \"\"The Last Lullaby\"\" and \"\"Munger Road\"\". Randall Batinkoff Randall Matthew Batinkoff (born October 16, 1968) is an American actor, known for his roles in the films \"\"For Keeps\"\", \"\"School Ties\"\", and \"\"Higher Learning\"\". Batinkoff was born in Monticello, New", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 10 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3466311", "chunk_text": "\"Nickelodeon Movies\"\nthe role for Otis. On December 15, 2006, the studio released \"\"Charlotte's Web\"\", a family drama film based on E. B. White's popular book of the same name, starring Dakota Fanning, Kevin Anderson, Beau Bridges, and the voices of Dominic Scott Kay, Julia Roberts, Steve Buscemi, John Cleese, Oprah Winfrey, and Cedric the Entertainer. This film became a critical and box office success, earning $82,985,708 in the United States and $144,877,632 worldwide. This is Nickelodeon's first G-rated film in five years and first live-action film rated G as well as being the studio's highest-grossing film with that rating. Dakota Fanning", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 11 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6449069", "chunk_text": "\"Topher Grace\"\nTopher Grace Christopher John Grace (; born July 12, 1978) is an American actor. He is known for playing Eric Forman in the Fox sitcom \"\"That '70s Show\"\", Eddie Brock / Venom in Sam Raimi's film \"\"Spider-Man 3\"\", Pete Monash in \"\"Win a Date with Tad Hamilton!\"\", Carter Duryea in \"\"In Good Company\"\", Edwin in \"\"Predators\"\", Getty in \"\"Interstellar\"\", Adrian Yates in \"\"American Ultra\"\", and David Duke in Spike Lee's film \"\"BlacKkKlansman\"\". His other film roles include \"\"Traffic\"\", \"\"Mona Lisa Smile\"\", \"\"Valentine's Day\"\", \"\"Take Me Home Tonight\"\", \"\"The Big Wedding\"\", \"\"War Machine\"\", and \"\"Under the Silver Lake\"\". Grace was born", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 12 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14179548", "chunk_text": "\"Ernest Borgnine\"\nErnest Borgnine Ernest Borgnine (; born Ermes Effron Borgnino; January 24, 1917 – July 8, 2012) was an American actor whose career spanned over six decades. He was noted for his gruff but calm voice, and gap-toothed Cheshire Cat grin. A popular performer, he had also appeared as a guest on numerous talk shows and as a panelist on several game shows. Borgnine's film career began in 1951, and included supporting roles in \"\"China Corsair\"\" (1951), \"\"From Here to Eternity\"\" (1953), \"\"Vera Cruz\"\" (1954), \"\"Bad Day at Black Rock\"\" (1955) and \"\"The Wild Bunch\"\" (1969). He also played the unconventional", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 13 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20989029", "chunk_text": "\"The Web (TV series)\"\nEdmon Ryan, Alfred Ryder, Anne Seymour, Ann Shoemaker, Mary Sinclair, Edgar Stehli, Haila Stoddard, Beatrice Straight, Reba Tassell, Richard Webb, Patricia Wheel, Christine White, Perry Wilson Wesley Addy, Joseph Anthony, Joseph Barbera as Joseph Roland, Arthur Batanides, Harry Bellaver, Sidney Blackmer, Alan Coe Bunce, Norman Burton, Frank Campanella, Connie Clausen, Patricia Collinge, Russell Collins, Ben Cooper, Joan Copeland, Adrienne Corri, Jerome Cowan, James Daly, Robert Dryden, Mildred Dunnock, Stephen Elliott, Bramwell Fletcher, Constance Ford, Virginia Gilmore, John Hamilton, Russell Hardie, Dean Harens, Michael Higgins, John Hudson, Martin Kosleck, Berry Kroeger, Wesley Lau, Audra Lindley, Alexander Lockwood, Joan Lorring, Joe Maross,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 14 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12345047", "chunk_text": "\"Richard Gant\"\nRichard Gant Richard Gant (born March 10, 1944) is an American actor. His credits include the films \"\"Rocky V\"\" (as the Don King-esque George Washington Duke), for which he received widespread critical acclaim, \"\"Miami Vice\"\" season 5 episode 13 (1989), a possessed coroner in \"\"\"\" (1993), \"\"Deadwood\"\", \"\"The Big Lebowski\"\", \"\"Babylon 5\"\", \"\"Special Unit 2\"\", \"\"L.A. Law\"\", \"\"NYPD Blue\"\", \"\"Living Single\"\", \"\"Posse\"\", \"\"How I Met Your Mother\"\", \"\"Men Don't Tell\"\", and \"\"Charmed\"\". He appeared in one episode of both \"\"\"\" and \"\"Smallville\"\". He also appeared in \"\"\"\" and \"\"\"\" as well as reporter Charles Parker in the cult classic adaptation", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 15 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16012095", "chunk_text": "\"Andrew Jackson (actor)\"\nAndrew Jackson (actor) Andrew Jackson (born September 11, 1963) is a Canadian actor. Born in Newmarket, Ontario, Canada, Jackson has played major roles in various television shows and movies, including \"\"Merlin's Apprentice\"\", \"\"All My Children\"\", \"\"Wind at My Back\"\" (2nd season as David Doyle, the Dynamite Kid in \"\"The Champ\"\") (5th season as Vanaver Mainwaring, Grace Bailey's husband), \"\"Held Up\"\", \"\"Criminal Minds\"\", \"\"Deadly Betrayal\"\", \"\"Kyle XY\"\", \"\"Twists of Terror\"\" and \"\"Sea Wolf\"\". He also played the voices of Rubanoid, Plitheon, Sabator and Phosphos in \"\"Bakugan: Gundalian Invaders\"\", Dylan, Wolfurio, Zenthon, Zenthon Titan, Slycerak, Spatterix and Balista in \"\"Bakugan: Mechtanium Surge\"\",", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 16 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4365542", "chunk_text": "\"Gary Basaraba\"\nof the greatest American journalists of the 20th century, in \"\"Mrs. Parker and the Vicious Circle\"\" in 1994. He played Sheriff Grady Kilgore in \"\"Fried Green Tomatoes\"\". He also played Saint Andrew in \"\"The Last Temptation of Christ\"\", and had a role in \"\"Sweet Dreams\"\". In 2001 he had the lead role in \"\"Recipe for Murder\"\". Basaraba portrayed the father, Jack Grainger, in \"\"One Magic Christmas\"\", opposite Mary Steenburgen, and played Homer Zuckerman in the remake of \"\"Charlotte's Web\"\". Since 2007, he has appeared in the Canadian television series \"\"Mixed Blessings\"\". Basaraba has also made three appearances in the \"\"Law", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 17 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4690377", "chunk_text": "\"Henry Gibson\"\nHenry Gibson Henry Gibson (born James Bateman, September 21, 1935 – September 14, 2009), was an American actor, singer, and songwriter. His best-known roles include his time as a cast member of the TV sketch-comedy series \"\"Rowan & Martin's Laugh-In\"\" from 1968 to 1971, the voice of Wilbur in the 1973 film \"\"Charlotte's Web\"\", his portrayal of diminutive country star Haven Hamilton in Robert Altman's 1975 film \"\"Nashville\"\", his role as the \"\"Illinois Nazi\"\" leader in the 1980 film \"\"The Blues Brothers\"\", his performance opposite Tom Hanks in 1989's \"\"The 'Burbs\"\", a small role in \"\"Magnolia\"\", his role as the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 18 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6024293", "chunk_text": "\"Armin Shimerman\"\nArmin Shimerman Armin Shimerman (born November 5, 1949) is an American actor, voice actor and author. He is known for playing the Ferengi bartender Quark in \"\"\"\", Principal Snyder in \"\"Buffy the Vampire Slayer\"\", Kramer's caddie Stan on \"\"Seinfeld\"\", voicing Doctor Nefarious in the \"\"Ratchet & Clank\"\" series and Andrew Ryan in \"\"BioShock\"\". Shimerman was born to a Jewish family in Lakewood, New Jersey, the son of Susan, an accountant, and Herbert Shimerman, a house painter. When Shimerman was 15, his family moved to Los Angeles, where his mother enrolled him in a drama group in an effort to expand", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 19 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12800997", "chunk_text": "\"Richard Steven Horvitz\"\nan English accent). He has voiced various NPCs in \"\"Everquest 2\"\". He voiced the Berserker Darklings in \"\"The Darkness\"\", Bumble in \"\"Kinectimals\"\" and Kaos in \"\"\"\". Horvitz also voiced \"\"Green Grapes\"\" in the Fruit of the Loom commercials. He has also acted on stage, including in Jeffrey Hatcher's \"\"Mrs. Mannerly\"\" in Boston. Richard Steven Horvitz Richard Steven Horvitz (born July 29, 1966), sometimes credited as Richard Wood, is an American actor and voice actor. In the world of animation, he has voiced mentally unstable and neurotic characters. He is known for his work as the voice of the original Alpha", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 20 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14726078", "chunk_text": "\"Henry Gibson\"\nGibson also worked frequently as a voice actor in animation, most notably portraying Wilbur the pig in the popular Hanna-Barbera children's movie \"\"Charlotte's Web\"\" (1973). He later worked for the company again on the cartoon \"\"The Biskitts\"\". Additionally, Gibson's voice work was featured on \"\"The Grim Adventures of Billy & Mandy\"\" as Lord Pain, \"\"King of the Hill\"\" as reporter Bob Jenkins, and \"\"Rocket Power\"\" as grouchy neighbor Merv Stimpleton. Later television work included a guest role on \"\"\"\" playing the Ferengi Nilva in the 1998 episode \"\"Profit and Lace\"\". Gibson also had a leading role in a season 5", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 21 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17950300", "chunk_text": "\"Peter MacNicol\"\nPeter MacNicol Peter MacNicol (born April 10, 1954) is an American actor. He received a Theatre World Award for his 1981 Broadway debut in the play \"\"Crimes of the Heart\"\". His film roles include Galen in \"\"Dragonslayer\"\" (1981), Stingo in \"\"Sophie's Choice\"\" (1982), Janosz Poha in \"\"Ghostbusters II\"\" (1989), camp organizer Gary Granger in \"\"Addams Family Values\"\" (1993), and David Langley in \"\"Bean\"\" (1997). MacNicol won the 2001 Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Supporting Actor in a Comedy Series for his role as the eccentric lawyer John Cage in the FOX comedy-drama \"\"Ally McBeal\"\" (1997–2002). He is also known for", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 22 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16060484", "chunk_text": "\"Rino Romano\"\nRino Romano Rino Romano (born July 1, 1969) is a Canadian voice actor who has voiced Batman in the animated TV series \"\"The Batman\"\", Spider-Man in the animated TV series \"\"Spider-Man Unlimited\"\" and the PlayStation Dreamcast Nintendo 64 and Game Boy Color video game \"\"Spider-Man\"\", Eduardo Rivera in \"\"Extreme Ghostbusters\"\", Luis Sera in \"\"Resident Evil 4\"\", Scorp in the \"\"Skylanders\"\" franchise\"\" and the original Tuxedo Mask in the '90s English dub of the anime series \"\"Sailor Moon\"\". Romano provided voice narration for the PBS series \"\"Curious George\"\", as well as previews on NBC, The WB, and The CW. He is", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 23 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16060485", "chunk_text": "\"Rino Romano\"\ncurrently the narrator for the courtroom reality TV series \"\"Hot Bench\"\", created by Judge Judith Sheindlin, known for \"\"Judge Judy\"\". Rino Romano Rino Romano (born July 1, 1969) is a Canadian voice actor who has voiced Batman in the animated TV series \"\"The Batman\"\", Spider-Man in the animated TV series \"\"Spider-Man Unlimited\"\" and the PlayStation Dreamcast Nintendo 64 and Game Boy Color video game \"\"Spider-Man\"\", Eduardo Rivera in \"\"Extreme Ghostbusters\"\", Luis Sera in \"\"Resident Evil 4\"\", Scorp in the \"\"Skylanders\"\" franchise\"\" and the original Tuxedo Mask in the '90s English dub of the anime series \"\"Sailor Moon\"\". Romano provided voice", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 24 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9263355", "chunk_text": "\"Peter Jason\"\nPeter Jason Peter Edward Ostling (born July 22, 1944), known professionally as Peter Jason, is an American character actor. He has appeared in over one hundred television shows and eighty films. He played Con Stapleton in the HBO drama series \"\"Deadwood\"\". Jason has appeared in twelve Walter Hill films, seven John Carpenter films, and over 100 commercials and plays. He played the voice of Dizzy Wallin in \"\"Gears of War 2\"\" and its sequel \"\"Gears of War 3\"\". He is also credited for voicing Sergeant Dornan in \"\"Fallout 2\"\". Jason appeared in the Eddie Murphy film \"\"48 Hrs.\"\" as the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 25 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4210331", "chunk_text": "\"Campbell Scott\"\nnarrator. Scott has two sons, Malcolm and Callan. He lives with his family in northwest Connecticut. Campbell Scott Campbell Scott (born July 19, 1961) is an American actor, director, producer, and voice artist. He is known for his roles as George Tunner on \"\"The Sheltering Sky\"\", Boris Kuester von Jurgens-Ratenicz on \"\"Royal Pains\"\", Mark Usher on \"\"House of Cards\"\", Joseph Tobin on \"\"Damages\"\", and Richard Parker in \"\"The Amazing Spider-Man\"\" and \"\"The Amazing Spider-Man 2\"\", as well as numerous stage appearances. Scott was born on July 19, 1961, in New York City, the son of American actor George C. Scott", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 26 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16920790", "chunk_text": "\"Cliff Carpenter\"\nnightly on Fox News. He provided the voice of Odin Andersson in the video games \"\"Alan Wake\"\" (2010) and \"\"Alan Wake's American Nightmare\"\" (2012). Carpenter lived with actress and screenwriter Jean Rouverol, another former blacklisted artist, for several years. He died in New Milford, Connecticut in 2014, aged 98, from natural causes. Cliff Carpenter Clifford A. \"\"Cliff\"\" Carpenter (March 2, 1915 – January 9, 2014) was an American actor who appeared in radio, television and films. In 1937, Carpenter began his professional career on the radio serial \"\"Terry and the Pirates\"\". The show was adapted from the comic strip of", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 27 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6642435", "chunk_text": "\"Felix Felton\"\nMan\"\" (1959), Mr. Petheridge in \"\"Dixon of Dock Green\"\" (1962), \"\"Maigret\"\" (1962), Demaris in \"\"Ghost Squad\"\" (1964), Major Culcao in \"\"The Third Bullet\"\" episode of \"\"Crane\"\" (1964), Dr. Grimesby Roylott in \"\"Sherlock Holmes\"\" (1964), Philip Clewes in an episode of \"\"The Wednesday Play\"\" (1965), Abram Gobseck in \"\"The Rise and Rise of Cesar Birotteau\"\" (1965), Colonel Krauss in \"\"The Good Soldier Schweik\"\", St. Laurent in \"\"The Troubleshooters\"\" (1966), Alderman Adam Sweater in \"\"The Ragged-Trousered Philanthropists\"\" (1967), an episode of \"\"Armchair Theatre\"\" (1968), and Richard Warde in \"\"The Shadow of the Tower\"\" (1972). As a voice actor he played the Mayor", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 28 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5556632", "chunk_text": "\"The Golden Spiders\"\nMcMullen (Orrie Cather). Saul Rubinek, who would take the role of Lon Cohen in the series, was cast as Saul Panzer in the pilot. \"\"The Golden Spiders\"\" was loosely adapted as the premiere episode of \"\"Nero Wolfe\"\" (1981), an NBC TV series starring William Conrad as Nero Wolfe and Lee Horsley as Archie Goodwin. Other members of the regular cast include George Voskovec (Fritz Brenner), Robert Coote (Theodore Horstmann), George Wyner (Saul Panzer) and Allan Miller (Inspector Cramer). Guest stars in the series debut include Carlene Watkins (Jean Estey), Penelope Windust (Laura Fromm), Katherine Justice (Angela Bell [Wright]), David Hollander", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 29 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20989027", "chunk_text": "\"The Web (TV series)\"\nor furthered by appearing on the series: Wesley Addy, Denise Alexander, Robert Allen, Joseph Anthony, Bertha Belmore, Donald Buka, Don Briggs, Peter Capell, Richard Carlyle, Audrey Christie, Clay Clement, Nancy Coleman, Jerome Cowan, James Daly, James Darren, Diana Douglas (married to Kirk and mother to Michael), Mildred Dunnock, Robert Emhardt, Hugh Franklin, Jack Grimes, Preston Hanson, Russell Hardie, Will Hare, Jonathan Harris, Vinton Hayworth, George Ives, Conrad Janis, Edith King, Phyllis Kirk, Richard Kollmar, Charles Korvin, Berry Kroeger, Anna Lee, Audra Lindley, Lynn Loring, Gene Lyons, John Marley, Catherine McLeod, Meg Mundy, John Newland, Peter Pagan, Neva Patterson, Robert Pastene,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 30 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14449770", "chunk_text": "\"Kevin Michael Richardson\"\nAs a result of this, he earned a scholarship to Syracuse University and a spot on a PBS special directed by John Houseman. Richardson has usually portrayed villainous characters due to his deep and powerful voice. In 1995, he obtained his first voice role; Mayor Tilton on the animated TV version of \"\"The Mask\"\". His credits include Captain Gantu in \"\"Lilo & Stitch\"\" and its franchise, Shnitzel in the \"\"Chowder\"\" pilot (and was later replaced by John DiMaggio), Goro in \"\"Mortal Kombat\"\", the second voice of Skulker on \"\"Danny Phantom\"\", Sarevok in the \"\"Baldur's Gate\"\" series, Jolee Bindo in \"\"\"\",", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 31 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14924583", "chunk_text": "\"William Franklyn\"\nWilliam Franklyn William Leo Franklyn (22 September 1925 – 31 October 2006) was a British actor, perhaps best known for voicing the \"\"Schhh... You Know Who\"\" adverts for Schweppes from 1965 to 1973. He also performed on stage, film, television and radio, taking over from Peter Jones as \"\"The Book\"\" (the narrator) in the third, fourth and fifth radio series of \"\"The Hitchhiker's Guide to the Galaxy\"\". He is also known for his portrayal of Sexton Blake for BBC Radio 4 in 1967. Franklyn was born in Kensington into an acting family: his maternal grandfather, Arthur Rigby, Sr and uncle,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 32 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12949687", "chunk_text": "\"Stephen Lea Sheppard\"\ncredits. Beginning in 2007, he has co-authored several modules for the role playing game \"\"Exalted\"\". Stephen Lea Sheppard Stephen Lea Sheppard (born January 26, 1983) is a Canadian television and film actor. He played Dudley Heinsbergen in the 2001 Wes Anderson film \"\"The Royal Tenenbaums\"\" and geek guru Harris Trinsky on NBC dramedy \"\"Freaks and Geeks\"\". Sheppard was born in Gibsons, British Columbia, northwest of Vancouver. On a commentary track for the \"\"Freaks and Geeks\"\" episode \"\"Looks and Books\"\", Judd Apatow shares that he gave Anderson an \"\"acting reel\"\" he made of Sheppard's performance on the show, in order to", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 33 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5752710", "chunk_text": "\"Vincent Marzello\"\nis married to the actress Lorelei King. Vincent Marzello Vincent Marzello (born July 4, 1951) is an American actor. Marzello was born in Brooklyn, New York on July 4, 1951. Marzello has been active on screen since 1976 in North America and Europe, his first role being in an episode of \"\"The Brothers\"\". He has since appeared in productions that include \"\"The Spy Who Loved Me\"\", \"\"Superman\"\", \"\"Never Say Never Again\"\", \"\"The Witches\"\", \"\"Taggart\"\", \"\"The House of Eliott\"\", \"\"The Fragile Heart\"\", \"\"Dalziel and Pascoe\"\", \"\"Little Britain\"\", \"\"Nuclear Secrets\"\" and \"\"Mile High\"\". Marzello also lent his voice to the character of", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 34 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5041090", "chunk_text": "\"Campbell Scott\"\nCampbell Scott Campbell Scott (born July 19, 1961) is an American actor, director, producer, and voice artist. He is known for his roles as George Tunner on \"\"The Sheltering Sky\"\", Boris Kuester von Jurgens-Ratenicz on \"\"Royal Pains\"\", Mark Usher on \"\"House of Cards\"\", Joseph Tobin on \"\"Damages\"\", and Richard Parker in \"\"The Amazing Spider-Man\"\" and \"\"The Amazing Spider-Man 2\"\", as well as numerous stage appearances. Scott was born on July 19, 1961, in New York City, the son of American actor George C. Scott and Canadian actor Colleen Dewhurst. He graduated from Lawrence University in 1983. His brother is Alexander", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 35 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19738518", "chunk_text": "\"J. K. Simmons\"\nJ. K. Simmons Jonathan Kimble Simmons (born January 9, 1955) is an American actor and voice actor. In television, he is perhaps best known for playing Dr. Emil Skoda on the NBC series \"\"Law & Order\"\", Vernon Schillinger on the HBO series \"\"Oz\"\" and Assistant Police Chief Will Pope on TNT's \"\"The Closer\"\". Since 2017, he has starred as Howard Silk in the Starz series \"\"Counterpart\"\". His film roles include J. Jonah Jameson in Sam Raimi's \"\"Spider-Man\"\" trilogy and music instructor Terence Fletcher in 2014's \"\"Whiplash\"\". He is known for voicing Cave Johnson in the video game \"\"Portal 2\"\" (2011),", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 36 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12658276", "chunk_text": "\"Jonathan Hyde\"\nWest End production of \"\"The King's Speech\"\" at Wyndham's Theatre. Since 2014, he has starred as Eldritch Palmer in the FX TV series \"\"The Strain\"\". Hyde is married to Scottish soprano Isobel Buchanan. The couple have two daughters, one of whom is actress Georgia King. Jonathan Hyde Jonathan \"\"Nash\"\" Hyde (born 21 May 1948) is an Australian-born English actor, known for roles such as Herbert Cadbury in \"\"Richie Rich\"\", J. Bruce Ismay in the 1997 film \"\"Titanic\"\", Culverton Smith in \"\"The Memoirs of Sherlock Holmes\"\", Warren Westridge in \"\"Anaconda\"\", Sam Parrish/Van Pelt in \"\"Jumanji\"\", and Eldritch Palmer in the FX", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 37 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20905869", "chunk_text": "\"David Orth\"\nDavid Orth David Orth (born March 13, 1965) is a Canadian actor. Orth was born and raised in Kitchener, Ontario. His most notable role was as Edward 'Ned' Malone in the TV series \"\"Sir Arthur Conan Doyle's The Lost World\"\", which was shot in Australia. He played this part from 1999 until 2002. During the shooting of \"\"The Lost World\"\", he purchased a home in Australia and soon after met his wife there. Orth voiced Blizzard in \"\"\"\". He has also starred in \"\"Beyond Reality\"\", \"\"The Ray Bradbury Theatre\"\" and in the episode \"\"Scarecrow\"\" on the CW's horror/drama series \"\"Supernatural\"\".", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 38 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19139722", "chunk_text": "\"Kenneth Choi\"\nKing of Queens\"\". Choi has provided his voice as Jim Morita for the video game \"\"\"\". He has also voiced the role of a gangster in the 2004 video game \"\"\"\". In 2018, Choi will play Bob Dwyer on Starz's new series, \"\"Counterpart\"\" as well as Howie \"\"Chimney\"\" Han on FOX TV's hit show, \"\"9-1-1.\"\" Also that year, he appeared in the feature films \"\"Gringo,\"\" alongside Joel Edgerton and Charlize Theron, and \"\"Hotel Artemis\"\" with Jodie Foster. Kenneth Choi Kenneth Choi (born October 20, 1971) is an American actor. He is best known for playing Henry Lin on the television", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 39 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5693211", "chunk_text": "\"Andrew Parks\"\n\"\"The Lost Skeleton Returns Again,\"\" gullible scientist Dr. Philip Latham in \"\"Trail of the Screaming Forehead\"\" and monocled English dandy Lord Partfine in \"\"Dark and Stormy Night\"\". Most recently, he mimicked Franklin Pangborn in the comedy short \"\"It's a Frame-Up!\"\", the writing/directing debut of Blamire's producer Michael Schlesinger. Parks' television credits include a recurring role on \"\"Angel\"\" and guest appearances on \"\"The Virginian\"\", \"\"Room 222\"\", \"\"Lucas Tanner\"\", \"\"Cannon\"\", \"\"Kojak\"\", \"\"Barnaby Jones\"\", \"\"Hart to Hart\"\", \"\"MAS*H\"\", \"\"Trapper John, M.D.\"\", \"\"Murder, She Wrote\"\", \"\"The Trials of Rosie O'Neill\"\", and \"\"\"\". He also voiced the role of Ben Day for the animated series", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 40 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3745109", "chunk_text": "\"Dwain Murphy\"\nDwain Murphy Dwain Murphy is a Caribbean-born Canadian actor. He is best known for playing Eric in \"\"\"\", Giles in \"\"The Line\"\", and Bishop in \"\"How She Move\"\". Murphy recently has made an appearance in Tom Clancy's \"\"\"\" doing the voice and physical performance of Isaac Briggs. Murphy was born on the Caribbean island of Dominica. After coming to Canada with his parents at the age of four, Murphy was persuaded to start acting and graduated from the Humber College Acting for Film and Television program. He is known for playing the character Bishop in \"\"How She Move\"\", and a", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 41 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6024303", "chunk_text": "\"Armin Shimerman\"\nOffense\"\" (2003). Shimerman is married to actress Kitty Swink. Armin Shimerman Armin Shimerman (born November 5, 1949) is an American actor, voice actor and author. He is known for playing the Ferengi bartender Quark in \"\"\"\", Principal Snyder in \"\"Buffy the Vampire Slayer\"\", Kramer's caddie Stan on \"\"Seinfeld\"\", voicing Doctor Nefarious in the \"\"Ratchet & Clank\"\" series and Andrew Ryan in \"\"BioShock\"\". Shimerman was born to a Jewish family in Lakewood, New Jersey, the son of Susan, an accountant, and Herbert Shimerman, a house painter. When Shimerman was 15, his family moved to Los Angeles, where his mother enrolled him", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 42 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20794354", "chunk_text": "\"Laura Latini\"\nLaura Latini Laura Latini (November 3, 1969 – August 19, 2012) was an Italian voice actress. Latini was the first-born daughter of voice actor Franco Latini and dialogue writer Maria Pinto. She was also the sister of voice actress Ilaria Latini and the half-sister of voice actor Fabrizio Vidale. Latini was best known for providing the Italian dubbed voice of Karen Walker from \"\"Will & Grace\"\", among other roles. She regularly dubbed actresses such as Katherine Heigl, Thora Birch, Chyler Leigh, Regina Hall, Jennifer Love Hewitt, Charlotte Gainsbourg and Hilary Swank. In her animated roles, Latini voiced Dijonay Jones in", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 43 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14006974", "chunk_text": "\"Rik Mayall\"\nRik Mayall Richard Michael Mayall (7 March 1958 – 9 June 2014) was an English comedian, actor and writer. Mayall formed a close partnership with Ade Edmondson while they were students at Manchester University, and became a pioneer of alternative comedy in the 1980s. Mayall starred in numerous cult classic sitcoms throughout his career, including \"\"The Young Ones\"\", \"\"The Comic Strip Presents...\"\", \"\"Blackadder\"\", \"\"Filthy Rich & Catflap\"\", \"\"The New Statesman\"\", and \"\"Bottom\"\". Mayall also starred in the comedy films \"\"Drop Dead Fred\"\" and \"\"Guest House Paradiso\"\", and won a Primetime Emmy Award for his voice-over work in \"\"The Willows in", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 44 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10169726", "chunk_text": "\"Lara Jean Marshall\"\nDoctor Blake Mysteries, alongside Craig McLaughlan, Penny, with Steph Dunbar and Jason Agius, and We Were Tomorrow, with Tim Pocock and Alicia Banit. Lara Jean Marshall Lara Jean Marshall (born 30 July 1988) is an English-born Australian actress, singer, and dancer. She is best known for her role as Lisa Atwood #1 on the Australian television series \"\"The Saddle Club\"\". Marshall earned her first stage role at the age of seven in a minor part as the lamb in a Kidz for Kidz production of \"\"Charlotte's Web\"\" and later singing and dancing in \"\"Babes in Toyland\"\" for the People's Playhouse.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 45 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3110636", "chunk_text": "\"Marielle Heller\"\nTheater, where she participated in as many as four plays a year, including the roles of Rabbit in \"\"Winnie the Pooh\"\", Templeton the rat in \"\"Charlotte’s Web\"\", and Polly in \"\"The Magician's Nephew\"\". With time, she graduated to community theater, as well as productions at Saint Joseph Notre Dame, where she attended high school. She graduated in 1997. She studied theatre at UCLA and then at the Royal Academy of Dramatic Art in London. Additionally, she was honored with a Lynn Auerbach Screenwriting Fellowship and The Maryland Film Festival Fellowship. After returning to the US, she worked as an actor", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 46 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8201721", "chunk_text": "\"Gary Shail\"\nGary Shail Gary Shail (born 10 November 1959) is an English actor, director, producer and musician. Gary Shail began work in TV and film in 1977 and is best known for his roles as Spider in the 1979 film \"\"Quadrophenia\"\" and as Steve, the punky teenager in \"\"The Metal Mickey TV Show. Shail appeared in the 1980 series \"\"The Further Adventures of Oliver Twist\"\", portrayed Oscar Drill in \"\"Shock Treatment\"\", the 1981 follow-up to \"\"The Rocky Horror Picture Show\"\", and portrayed Guy Raines in the 1983 BBC production \"\"Johnny Jarvis\"\". He wrote the original songs and theme music for this", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 47 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10686454", "chunk_text": "\"Richard Lynch\"\nRichard Lynch Richard Lynch (February 12, 1940 – June 19, 2012) was an Irish-American actor best known for portraying villains in films and television. His film credits included \"\"The Sword and the Sorcerer\"\", \"\"Invasion USA\"\", \"\"The Seven-Ups\"\", \"\"Scarecrow\"\", \"\"Little Nikita\"\", \"\"Bad Dreams\"\", \"\"God Told Me To\"\", and \"\"Halloween\"\". He appeared in science fiction productions, including \"\"Battlestar Galactica\"\" (as Wolfe) and its sequel series \"\"Galactica 1980\"\" (as Commander Xaviar). He also appeared in such shows as \"\"Starsky and Hutch\"\", \"\"Baretta\"\", \"\"T. J. Hooker\"\", \"\"Blue Thunder\"\", \"\"Airwolf\"\", \"\"The A-Team\"\", \"\"Charmed\"\" and \"\"\"\". Richard Hugh Lynch was born on February 12, 1940 (sometimes", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 48 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10686448", "chunk_text": "\"Richard Lynch\"\nRichard Lynch Richard Lynch (February 12, 1940 – June 19, 2012) was an Irish-American actor best known for portraying villains in films and television. His film credits included \"\"The Sword and the Sorcerer\"\", \"\"Invasion USA\"\", \"\"The Seven-Ups\"\", \"\"Scarecrow\"\", \"\"Little Nikita\"\", \"\"Bad Dreams\"\", \"\"God Told Me To\"\", and \"\"Halloween\"\". He appeared in science fiction productions, including \"\"Battlestar Galactica\"\" (as Wolfe) and its sequel series \"\"Galactica 1980\"\" (as Commander Xaviar). He also appeared in such shows as \"\"Starsky and Hutch\"\", \"\"Baretta\"\", \"\"T. J. Hooker\"\", \"\"Blue Thunder\"\", \"\"Airwolf\"\", \"\"The A-Team\"\", \"\"Charmed\"\" and \"\"\"\". Richard Hugh Lynch was born on February 12, 1940 (sometimes", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 49 } ]
test_3468	when did the jurassic park movies come out?	n/a	[ "Jurassic Park (1993)", "2001", "2015", "2018", "1993", "Jurassic World (2015)", "1997" ]	[]	n/a	n/a	n/a	[]	[ { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20462853", "chunk_text": "\"Jurassic Park (film)\"\nJune 9, 1993, at the Uptown Theater in Washington, D.C., and was released on June 11 in the United States. It went on to gross over $914 million worldwide in its original theatrical run becoming the highest-grossing film of 1993 and the highest-grossing film ever at the time, a record held until the release of \"\"Titanic\"\" in 1997. It was well received by critics, who praised its special effects, John Williams' musical score, and Spielberg's direction. Following its 3D re-release in 2013 to celebrate its 20th anniversary, \"\"Jurassic Park\"\" became the seventeenth film in history to surpass $1 billion in", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 0 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11827700", "chunk_text": "\"Jurassic Park\"\nfilm, \"\"\"\", was released in June 2018. The film grossed over $1.3 billion worldwide, making it the third \"\"Jurassic\"\" film to pass the billion dollar mark. It is the third highest-grossing film of 2018 and the 12th highest-grossing film of all time. A sixth film, tentatively titled \"\"Jurassic World 3\"\", is scheduled to be released on June 11, 2021. As of 2000, the franchise had generated $5 billion in revenue, making it one of the highest-grossing media franchises of all time. In 2018, the first film was selected for preservation in the United States National Film Registry by the Library", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 1 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10276016", "chunk_text": "\"Jurassic Park (film)\"\nLost World\"\". This, in turn, was adapted as the film \"\"\"\". Released on May 23, 1997, it was directed by Spielberg and written by David Koepp. Another film, \"\"Jurassic Park III\"\", was released on July 18, 2001, under the direction of Joe Johnston, with Spielberg as executive producer. It featured an original script that incorporated unused elements from Crichton's original \"\"Jurassic Park\"\". A fourth installment, \"\"Jurassic World\"\", was released in theaters on June 12, 2015. Spielberg again produced, with Colin Trevorrow directing a script he wrote with Derek Connolly. \"\"\"\", the next film in the franchise, was released in June", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 2 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14787138", "chunk_text": "\"Jurassic Park\"\naesthetically significant.\"\" Jurassic Park Jurassic Park is an American science fiction media franchise centered on a disastrous attempt to create a theme park of cloned dinosaurs. It began in 1990 when Universal Pictures and Amblin Entertainment bought the rights to the novel by Michael Crichton before it was even published. The book was successful, as was Steven Spielberg's 1993 film adaptation, which led to four sequels, although only the first two films were based on the novels. Numerous video games based on the franchise have been created by various software developers since the release of the 1993 film. Since 1996,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 3 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11827697", "chunk_text": "\"Jurassic Park\"\nJurassic Park Jurassic Park is an American science fiction media franchise centered on a disastrous attempt to create a theme park of cloned dinosaurs. It began in 1990 when Universal Pictures and Amblin Entertainment bought the rights to the novel by Michael Crichton before it was even published. The book was successful, as was Steven Spielberg's 1993 film adaptation, which led to four sequels, although only the first two films were based on the novels. Numerous video games based on the franchise have been created by various software developers since the release of the 1993 film. Since 1996, several water", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 4 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14787088", "chunk_text": "\"Jurassic Park\"\nrides based on the series have been opened at various Universal theme parks. The \"\"Jurassic Park\"\" Ultimate Trilogy was released on DVD and Blu-ray on October 25, 2011, in North America. The first film was re-released in 3D on April 5, 2013. The fourth film, \"\"Jurassic World\"\", was initially scheduled to be released in the summer of 2005, but was delayed numerous times and was ultimately released in June 2015. It became the first film to gross over $500 million worldwide in its opening weekend, and grossed over $1.6 billion through the course of its theatrical run, making it the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 5 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10275996", "chunk_text": "\"Jurassic Park (film)\"\nproduction of \"\"Transformers\"\" in 2007. The film was marketed with the tagline \"\"An Adventure 65 Million Years In The Making\"\". This was a joke Spielberg made on set about the genuine, thousands of years old mosquito in amber used for Hammond's walking stick. The film premiered at the Uptown Theater (Washington, D.C.) on June 9, 1993, in support of two children's charities. Two days later it opened nationwide in 2,404 theater locations and an estimated 3,400 screens internationally. Following the film's release, a traveling exhibition called \"\"The Dinosaurs of Jurassic Park\"\" began, showcasing dinosaur skeletons and film props. \"\"Jurassic Park\"\"", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 6 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20462854", "chunk_text": "\"Jurassic Park (film)\"\nticket sales. The film won more than twenty awards, including three Academy Awards for its technical achievements in visual effects and sound design. \"\"Jurassic Park\"\" is considered a landmark in the development of computer-generated imagery and animatronic visual effects and was followed by four commercially successful sequels, \"\"\"\" (1997), \"\"Jurassic Park III\"\" (2001), \"\"Jurassic World\"\" (2015) and \"\"\"\" (2018), with a fifth and final sequel, currently titled \"\"Jurassic World 3\"\", scheduled for a 2021 release. In 2018, the film was selected for preservation in the United States National Film Registry by the Library of Congress as being \"\"culturally, historically, or", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 7 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3107084", "chunk_text": "\"Jurassic World\"\nConnolly. Filming lasted from April to August 2014 in Louisiana and at the original \"\"Jurassic Park\"\" locations in Hawaii. The dinosaurs were created by Industrial Light & Magic using CGI and by Legacy Effects using life-sized animatronics. Production was completed on May 10, 2015, and \"\"Jurassic World\"\" was released in over 60 countries beginning on June 10, 2015. After a record-breaking opening weekend during which it became the first film to gross over $500 million, \"\"Jurassic World\"\" generated $1.6 billion in box office revenue, ranking fifth among the highest-grossing films of all time. It was also the second-highest-grossing film of", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 8 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10276000", "chunk_text": "\"Jurassic Park (film)\"\nbetter visual enhancement. It opened in the United States and seven other territories on April 5, 2013, with other countries receiving the re-release over the following six months. The film made its VHS and LaserDisc debut on October 4, 1994. With 17 million units sold in both formats, \"\"Jurassic Park\"\" is the fifth best-selling VHS tape ever. \"\"Jurassic Park\"\" was first released on a Collector's Edition DVD on October 10, 2000, in both a widescreen and fullscreen, in a box set with the sequel \"\"\"\" and both movies' soundtrack albums. It was the 13th best-selling DVD of 2000 counting both", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 9 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16199294", "chunk_text": "\"Jurassic Park (computer video game)\"\ndevelopers during the game's production. \"\"Jurassic Park\"\" was released in the United Kingdom in October 1993, and was subsequently released in the United States a year later. Many critics praised the game's indoor environments, but some criticized its large exterior environment, and its boring and repetitive gameplay. \"\"Jurassic Park\"\" is based on the 1993 film of the same name, in which paleontologist Dr. Alan Grant and others become trapped on an island theme park and zoo where genetically engineered dinosaurs have escaped. Playing as Grant, the player must rescue Lex and Tim, the grandchildren of the park's owner, John Hammond.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 10 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18017912", "chunk_text": "\"Jurassic Park (film)\"\nPictures film to surpass the $1 billion mark until 2015, when the studio had three such films, \"\"Furious 7\"\", \"\"Minions\"\", and the fourth installment of the \"\"Jurassic Park\"\" franchise, \"\"Jurassic World\"\". It currently ranks as the 29th highest-grossing film of all time in North America (not adjusted for inflation), the highest-grossing film of 1993 and the twenty-eighth highest-grossing film of all time. High praise was given to the film's visual effects, musical score, and Spielberg's direction, although there was some criticism leveled at the script and departures from the book's plot. Review aggregation website Rotten Tomatoes retrospectively gave the film", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 11 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8467545", "chunk_text": "\"Jurassic Park\"\nher role, with the film expected for release in 2008. The film was further delayed by the 200708 Writers Guild of America strike. Mark Protosevich wrote two film treatments in 2011, which were rejected. \"\"Rise of the Planet of the Apes\"\" screenwriters Rick Jaffa and Amanda Silver were hired in 2012 to write an early draft of the script. In 2013, Colin Trevorrow was announced as a director and co-writer, with the film scheduled for release on June 12, 2015. The film was shot in 3D, and received generally positive reviews. The film features a new park, Jurassic World, built", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 12 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11827713", "chunk_text": "\"Jurassic Park\"\nfilm released up to that time (surpassing \"\"E.T. the Extra-Terrestrial\"\" and surpassed 4 years later by \"\"Titanic\"\"), and it is currently the 17th highest grossing feature film (taking inflation into account, it is the 20th-highest-grossing film in North America). It is the most financially successful film for NBCUniversal and Steven Spielberg. \"\"Jurassic Park\"\" had two re-releases: The first on September 23, 2011, in the United Kingdom and the second in which it was converted into 3D on April 5, 2013, for its 20th Anniversary, which resulted in the film passing the $1 billion mark at the worldwide box office. Before", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 13 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5220916", "chunk_text": "\"Jurassic Park (film)\"\nin California and Hawaii between August and November 1992, and post-production rolled until May 1993, supervised by Spielberg in Poland as he filmed \"\"Schindler's List\"\". The dinosaurs were created with groundbreaking computer-generated imagery by Industrial Light & Magic (ILM) and with life-sized animatronic dinosaurs built by Stan Winston's team. To showcase the film's sound design, which included a mixture of various animal noises for the dinosaur roars, Spielberg invested in the creation of DTS, a company specializing in digital surround sound formats. Following an extensive $65 million marketing campaign, which included licensing deals with 100 companies, \"\"Jurassic Park\"\" premiered on", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 14 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14787111", "chunk_text": "\"Jurassic Park\"\nWorld\"\" was released on June 22, 2018. The film was directed by J. A. Bayona and written by Trevorrow and Connolly, with Trevorrow and Spielberg as executive producers. The film stars Chris Pratt, Bryce Dallas Howard, Rafe Spall, Justice Smith, Daniella Pineda, James Cromwell, Toby Jones, Ted Levine, BD Wong, Isabella Sermon, and Geraldine Chaplin, with Jeff Goldblum reprising his role as Dr. Ian Malcolm. During early conversations on \"\"Jurassic World\"\", Spielberg told Trevorrow that he was interested in having several more films made. In April 2014, Trevorrow announced that sequels to \"\"Jurassic World\"\" had been discussed: \"\"We wanted to", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 15 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10275962", "chunk_text": "\"Jurassic Park (film)\"\nJurassic Park (film) Jurassic Park is a 1993 American science fiction adventure film directed by Steven Spielberg and produced by Kathleen Kennedy and Gerald R. Molen. The first installment in the \"\"Jurassic Park\"\" franchise, it is based on the 1990 novel of the same name by Michael Crichton and a screenplay written by Crichton and David Koepp. The film is set on the fictional island of Isla Nublar, located off Central America's Pacific Coast near Costa Rica. There billionaire philanthropist John Hammond and a small team of genetic scientists have created a wildlife park of de-extinct dinosaurs. When industrial sabotage", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 16 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5214800", "chunk_text": "\"Jurassic World (attraction)\"\nJurassic World (attraction) Jurassic World is an upcoming attraction that will be themed to the \"\"Jurassic World\"\" franchise at Universal Studios Hollywood. The original , which opened on June 21, 1996 based on the 1993 film \"\"Jurassic Park\"\", is currently undergoing through a 9-month major refurbishment starting on September 3, 2018. The announcement was made on May 10, 2018 by Universal Studios Hollywood officials during the 25th anniversary of the 1993 film \"\"Jurassic Park\"\", directed by Steven Spielberg. It was stated that , which originally opened on June 21, 1996, would be closed for retheming based on the 2015 film", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 17 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8523384", "chunk_text": "\"The Lost World: Jurassic Park\"\nhad worked with Spielberg on \"\"Schindler's List\"\", was brought onto the project to give a darker, more artistic look to the film, leading to a \"\"more elegant and rich\"\" approach focused on contrast and shadow. The film was shot on a budget of $73 million. For the sequel, composer John Williams avoided using most of the previous film's main themes, writing a more action oriented score. The was released on May 20, 1997. It, along with the soundtrack to the first movie, was re-released and remastered on November 29, 2016. \"\"The Lost World: Jurassic Park\"\" premiered on May 19, 1997,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 18 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18446019", "chunk_text": "\"Jurassic Park (novel)\"\nPark.\"\" The book's sequel, \"\"The Lost World\"\", was also adapted by Spielberg into a in 1997. A third film, directed by Joe Johnston and released in 2001, drew several elements, themes, and scenes from both books that were ultimately not utilized in either of the previous films, such as the aviary and boat scenes. A fourth entry, directed by Colin Trevorrow was released in 2015, and a , was released in 2018, directed by J. A. Bayona. The novel began as a screenplay Crichton wrote in 1983, about a graduate student who recreates a dinosaur. Eventually, given his reasoning that", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 19 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3207879", "chunk_text": "\"Jurassic Park\"\nto sell to a corporate rival, the dinosaurs break free, and the survivors are forced to find a way to turn the power back on and make it out alive. The film also stars Bob Peck, Martin Ferrero, BD Wong, Ariana Richards, Joseph Mazzello, and Samuel L. Jackson. \"\"Jurassic Park\"\" is regarded as a landmark in the use of computer-generated imagery and received positive reviews from critics, who praised the effects, though reactions to other elements of the picture, such as character development, were mixed. During its release, the film grossed more than $914 million worldwide, becoming the most successful", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 20 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16891047", "chunk_text": "\"Jurassic Park III\"\nJuly 16, 2001; two days later the film was released in the United States and other countries. The film earned $181,171,875 in the United States and $368,780,809 worldwide, making it the eighth-highest-grossing film of the year worldwide. It is the lowest-grossing \"\"Jurassic Park\"\" film in the series. The soundtrack was released in July 2001. The film was released on VHS and DVD on December 11, 2001. It was re-released with both sequels in December 2001 as the \"\"Jurassic Park Trilogy\"\", and as the \"\"Jurassic Park Adventure Pack\"\" in November 2005. It has also been released as a two-disc DVD set", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 21 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10276017", "chunk_text": "\"Jurassic Park (film)\"\n2018. The story of the film was continued in auxiliary media, at times even unattached to the film sequels themselves. These included a series of \"\"Jurassic Park\"\" comic books written by Steve Englehart for Topps Comics, and video games such as Ocean Software's \"\"\"\" (1994), Vivendi's \"\"\"\" (2003) and Telltale Games' \"\"\"\" (2011). All of the Universal Parks & Resorts include a \"\"Jurassic Park\"\"-themed ride. The first was at Universal Studios Hollywood on June 15, 1996, built after six years of development at a cost of $110 million. This attraction was replicated by Universal Studios Japan in 2001. Islands of", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 22 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8467575", "chunk_text": "\"Jurassic Park\"\ntheir own Jurassic World theme park. The game features the series' fictional Muertes Archipelago, including Isla Nublar and Isla Sorna. On June 21, 1996, Universal Studios Hollywood opened \"\"\"\". Universal Studios Japan later opened this attraction, and Universal's Islands of Adventure opened \"\"Jurassic Park River Adventure\"\". The rides are heavily themed on the first three films. Another ride based on the series has also been opened at Universal Studios Singapore (\"\"Jurassic Park Rapids Adventure\"\"). In 2018, the first film was selected for preservation in the United States National Film Registry by the Library of Congress as being \"\"culturally, historically, or", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 23 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16891023", "chunk_text": "\"Jurassic Park III\"\ndivorced couple have tricked Dr. Alan Grant into helping them find their son. After the success of Spielberg's film \"\"Jurassic Park\"\", Joe Johnston expressed interest in directing a sequel. Spielberg gave Johnston permission to direct a third film in the series, if there was to be one. Production of \"\"Jurassic Park III\"\" began on August 30, 2000. Despite mixed reviews from critics, the film was successful at the box office, grossing $368 million worldwide. A sequel, \"\"Jurassic World\"\", was released on June 12, 2015. Ben Hildebrand and 12-year-old Eric Kirby go parasailing, tethered to a boat, in the waters around", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 24 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18017908", "chunk_text": "\"Jurassic Park (film)\"\nAwards. In 2012, \"\"Jurassic Park\"\" was among twenty-five films chosen by Universal for a box set celebrating the studio's 100th anniversary, while also receiving a standalone 100th anniversary Blu-ray featuring an augmented reality cover. The following year, the 20th anniversary 3D conversion was issued on Blu-ray 3D. On June 1, 2016, \"\"Jurassic Park\"\", along with its sequels \"\"The Lost World\"\" and \"\"Jurassic Park III\"\", were added to the Netflix streaming service. The film, alongside \"\"The Lost World\"\", \"\"Jurassic Park III\"\" and \"\"Jurassic World\"\", was released as a box set for 4K UHD Blu-Ray on May 22, 2018, as part of", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 25 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10275993", "chunk_text": "\"Jurassic Park (film)\"\nintended to be heard\"\". The sound effects crew, supervised by George Lucas, were finished by the end of April. Sound designer Gary Rydstrom considered it a fun process, given the film had all kinds of noise — animal sounds, rain, gunshots, car crashes — and at times no music. During the process, Spielberg would take the weekends to fly from Poland to Paris, where he would meet Rydstrom to see the sound progress. \"\"Jurassic Park\"\" was finally completed on May 28, 1993. Composer John Williams began scoring the film at the end of February, and it was recorded a month", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 26 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11096321", "chunk_text": "\"The Lost World: Jurassic Park\"\nrelease. The entire \"\"Jurassic Park\"\" film series was released on 4K UHD Blu-Ray on May 22, 2018. \"\"The Lost World\"\" took in $72.1 million on its opening weekend ($92.6 million for the four-day Memorial Day holiday) in the U.S., which was the biggest opening weekend at the time, surpassing the previous record-holder \"\"Batman Forever\"\" at $52.8 million. It held this record for four and a half years, until the release of \"\"Harry Potter and the Sorcerer's Stone\"\" in November 2001. \"\"The Lost World\"\" took the record for highest single-day box office take of $26.1 million on May 25, a record", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 27 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3109745", "chunk_text": "\"Jurassic World\"\na strong word. This is a new sci-fi terror adventure set 22 years after the horrific events of \"\"Jurassic Park\"\".\"\" In June 2013, a new release date of 2015 was announced, and it was reported that the film would revolve around a fully functional dinosaur theme park. On September 10, 2013, Universal Pictures confirmed the film would be titled \"\"Jurassic World\"\" and would be released on June 12, 2015. Trevorrow chose to rename the film from its previous title, \"\"Jurassic Park IV\"\", to differentiate it from previous films in the series. Trevorrow also said that within the story, \"\"if you", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 28 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8467534", "chunk_text": "\"Jurassic Park\"\nprofessional and amateur critics. The film adaptation, \"\"\"\", began production in September 1996. In 2001, Scott Ciencin wrote a trilogy of spin-off novels based upon \"\"Jurassic Park III\"\". The series contained \"\"\"\", \"\"\"\", and \"\"\"\". A YA novel based upon the \"\"Jurassic World\"\"-trilogy was released in 2018 in conjunction with the release of \"\"\"\", written by Tess Sharpe. It is set 11 years prior to the events of the \"\"Jurassic World\"\", about a 19 year old Claire Dearing during her freshman year in college and summer internship at the Jurassic World theme park. John Hammond is the owner of Jurassic", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 29 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3109791", "chunk_text": "\"Jurassic World\"\nwhich it was released. Worldwide, \"\"Jurassic World\"\" was released across 809 IMAX theaters—364 of which were in North America—making it the third-largest worldwide release for any movie in IMAX's history and the largest day-and-date IMAX release ever. Universal relaunched the film in IMAX 3D in theaters for one week on August 28, 2015, in the United States and Canada. \"\"Jurassic World\"\" was released on DVD, Blu-ray, and Blu-ray 3D on October 20, 2015. Upon release, it sold nearly three million Blu-ray and DVD units in its first week, making it the highest-selling home entertainment live-action film; both for Universal and", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 30 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3109798", "chunk_text": "\"Jurassic World\"\nof all time, the second-highest-grossing film of 2015, the highest-grossing Universal Pictures film, the highest-grossing Legendary Pictures film, and the highest-grossing film in the \"\"Jurassic Park\"\" franchise. Box Office Mojo estimates the film sold more than 70 million tickets in the U.S. \"\"Jurassic World\"\" was released in 63 countries. Outside the United States and Canada, the film opened on Wednesday, June 10, 2015, in eight countries, earning $24 million. On Thursday, June 11, it grossed another $46 million from 37 markets for a two-day total of $70 million from 45 countries. It was released in 21 more countries on June", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 31 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3109790", "chunk_text": "\"Jurassic World\"\nfilm titled \"\"Lego Jurassic World: Employee Safety Video\"\" was also released, featuring Wong, Johnson and Lapkus reprising their roles from \"\"The Indominus Escape\"\". The first premiere of \"\"Jurassic World\"\" was held on May 29, 2015, at the Grand Rex cinema in Paris, France. The film was theatrically released in 66 territories from June 10 to 12. In North America, advance screenings were held at Majestic 10 Cinemas in Williston, Vermont on the 10th, before opening two days later in 4,273 venues, the largest-ever screen count for Universal. The film was released in Japan on August 5; the last market in", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 32 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11827714", "chunk_text": "\"Jurassic Park\"\n\"\"The Lost World\"\" was published, a film adaptation was already in pre-production, with its release occurring in May 1997. The film was a commercial success, breaking many box-office records when released. The film had mixed reviews, similar to its predecessor in terms of characterization. Much like the first film, \"\"The Lost World\"\" made a number of changes to the plot and characters from the book, replacing the corporate rivals with an internal power struggle and changing the roles or characterizations of several protagonists. When a vacationing family stumbles upon the dinosaurs of Isla Sorna, a secondary island where the animals", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 33 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20559322", "chunk_text": "\"Jurassic World: Fallen Kingdom\"\nthe time of the volcanic eruption. Trevorrow, Glover and Ewins created a website and campaign for \"\"Extinction Now!\"\" (the antithesis to the Dinosaur Protection Group), which was launched shortly before the film's release. The campaign included a found-footage clip of a \"\"Tyrannosaurus\"\" loose in San Diego, a reference to \"\"\"\". \"\"Jurassic World: Fallen Kingdom\"\" had its premiere at the WiZink Center in Madrid, Spain, on May 21, 2018. The film's international theatrical release began in Singapore and Malaysia on June 7, the United Kingdom, India, Italy, South Korea and Angola on June 8, and Pakistan on June 16, 2018. The", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 34 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3109710", "chunk_text": "\"Jurassic World\"\n2015 and the highest-grossing in the franchise. A sequel titled \"\"\"\" was released in June 2018. Teenaged brothers Zach and Gray Mitchell visit Jurassic World, a dinosaur theme park at the original Jurassic Park site on Isla Nublar of which their aunt Claire Dearing is the operations manager. Claire assigns her assistant as the boys' guide but they evade her and explore on their own. Elsewhere on the island, U.S. Navy veteran and ethologist Owen Grady has been training four \"\"Velociraptors\"\" and researching their intelligence. Based on the raptors' ability to follow commands, Vic Hoskins, the head of InGen Security,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 35 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5236017", "chunk_text": "\"Jurassic Park (SNES video game)\"\nit was considered too realistic. The game includes inspiration from the novel, including a mission objective to prevent dinosaurs from escaping to the mainland on a supply ship. The game was mastered in surround sound (Dolby Pro Logic), and its music was composed by Jon Dunn. \"\"Jurassic Park\"\" was released in the United Kingdom on October 1, 1993, and was also released in the United States that month. The game was released in Europe on December 29, 1993, and on June 24, 1994 in Japan, where it was published by Jaleco. In the United States, Ocean promoted \"\"The Great Dino", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 36 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3107083", "chunk_text": "\"Jurassic World\"\nof Costa Rica, where a theme park of cloned dinosaurs has operated for nearly a decade. The park plunges into chaos when a genetically-engineered dinosaur escapes from its enclosure and goes on a rampage. Universal Pictures intended to begin production of a fourth \"\"Jurassic Park\"\" film in 2004 for a mid-2005 release but development stalled while the script underwent several revisions. Following a suggestion from Spielberg, writers Rick Jaffa and Amanda Silver explored the idea of a functional dinosaur park. Once Trevorrow was hired as director in 2013, he followed the same idea while developing a new script with Derek", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 37 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18867145", "chunk_text": "\"Jurassic World: Fallen Kingdom\"\nas they rescue the remaining dinosaurs before a volcanic eruption destroys it. Chris Pratt, Bryce Dallas Howard, B. D. Wong, and Jeff Goldblum reprise their roles from previous films in the series, with Rafe Spall, Justice Smith, Daniella Pineda, James Cromwell, Toby Jones, Ted Levine, Isabella Sermon, and Geraldine Chaplin joining the cast. Filming took place from February to July 2017 in the United Kingdom and Hawaii. Produced and distributed by Universal Pictures, \"\"Fallen Kingdom\"\" premiered in Madrid on May 21, 2018, and was released internationally in early June 2018 and in the United States on June 22, 2018. The", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 38 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10167094", "chunk_text": "\"Jurassic Park (NES video game)\"\ngame gives the player three lives and four continues. To aid Ocean Software in creating the game, Universal Studios provided the programmers with various materials related to the film, including the script and photos of the sets. In the United States, \"\"Jurassic Park\"\" was released in July 1993. Skyler Miller of AllGame rated the game four stars out of five and wrote, \"\"Jurassic Park is an uncharacteristically good movie adaptation [...]. As a late era NES game, the visuals are appropriately impressive, and pleasingly depict the various jungle environments and many types of dinosaurs you encounter.\"\" \"\"Nintendo Power\"\" praised the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 39 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10275990", "chunk_text": "\"Jurassic Park (film)\"\nreading \"\"When Dinosaurs Ruled the Earth\"\" flew. The film wrapped twelve days ahead of schedule on November 30, and within days, editor Michael Kahn had a rough cut ready, allowing Spielberg to go ahead with filming \"\"Schindler's List\"\". Despite the title of the film's referencing the Jurassic period, \"\"Brachiosaurus\"\" and \"\"Dilophosaurus\"\" are the only dinosaurs featured that actually lived during that time; the other species featured did not exist until the Cretaceous period. This is acknowledged in the film during a scene where Dr. Grant describes the ferocity of the \"\"Velociraptor\"\" to a young boy, saying: \"\"Try to imagine yourself", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 40 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4862596", "chunk_text": "\"Jurassic Park: Operation Genesis\"\nkeep the park safe and secure. The park can be populated with up to sixty dinosaurs with twenty-five different species available from the three \"\"Jurassic Park\"\" films. The player can also add attractions similar to those seen in the films, such as the safari seen in the first \"\"Jurassic Park\"\" film from 1993, and additional attractions such as a balloon tour and several varieties of viewing platform. Development began in 2001, and lasted 22 months. The game was announced in February 2002, with its release initially scheduled for late 2002. Ultimately, the game was released in North America and the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 41 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11827699", "chunk_text": "\"Jurassic Park\"\nfifth highest-grossing film of all time. It was also the second highest-grossing film of 2015. When adjusted for monetary inflation, this film is the second highest grossing in the franchise after \"\"Jurassic Park\"\". An animated film, \"\"Lego Jurassic World: The Indominus Escape\"\", was released in October 2016 with the home media release of \"\"Jurassic World\"\", alongside a short film, \"\"Employee Safety Video\"\". Two other interactive Lego short films, \"\"Lego Jurassic World: Rescue Blue/Escape the Indoraptor\"\", were also released in 2018, followed by an animated special, \"\"Lego Jurassic World: The Secret Exhibit\"\", which aired on NBC later that year. A fifth", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 42 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16189734", "chunk_text": "\"Jurassic Park Interactive\"\ngenre every few minutes.\"\" Gore and three editors for the magazine gave the game an overall score of 7 out of 10, with praise for the game's graphics and music. In 2018, Zack Zwiezen of \"\"Kotaku\"\" ranked the game among the \"\"worst\"\" \"\"Jurassic Park\"\" games ever released, calling it \"\"boring and unintentionally hilarious,\"\" while criticizing the \"\"poorly designed\"\" minigames and the \"\"laughably bad imitations\"\" of the film's characters. Jurassic Park Interactive Jurassic Park Interactive is an action video game based on the 1993 movie \"\"Jurassic Park\"\". It was released in North America on May 10, 1994 exclusively for the 3DO", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 43 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11954096", "chunk_text": "\"Jurassic Park (Sega video game)\"\ncomposed the game's music and sound effects. By June 1993, the development team had been working on the game for 15 months. The game's development had been kept secretive up until that month, when the game was publicly unveiled for the first time at Chicago's Summer Consumer Electronics Show. \"\"Jurassic Park\"\" was the first film-based video game to give players the option of playing as a protagonist or antagonist. \"\"Jurassic Park\"\" was released in the United States on August 10, 1993, and was the first video game to utilize Sega's new ratings system, receiving a GA (General Audiences) rating. Approximately", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 44 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8467542", "chunk_text": "\"Jurassic Park\"\nbecoming its executive producer. Production began on August 30, 2000, with filming in California, and the Hawaiian islands of Kauai, Oahu, and Molokai. It is the first \"\"Jurassic Park\"\" film not to be based on a novel. The film was a financial success but received mixed reviews from critics. When their son goes missing while parasailing at Isla Sorna, the Kirbys (William H. Macy and Téa Leoni) hire Alan Grant (Sam Neill) under false pretenses to help them navigate the island. Believing it to be nothing more than sight-seeing, and that he will act as a dinosaur guide from the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 45 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8467544", "chunk_text": "\"Jurassic Park\"\nthe film's release scheduled for 2005. Monahan finished the first draft of the script in 2003, with the film's plot revolving around dinosaurs escaping to the mainland. Sam Neill and Richard Attenborough were set to reprise their characters, while Keira Knightley was in talks for two separate roles. In 2004, John Sayles wrote two drafts of the script. Sayles' first draft involved a team of \"\"Deinonychus\"\" being trained for use in rescue missions. His second draft involved genetically modified dinosaur-human mercenaries. Both drafts were scrapped. In 2006, a new script was being worked on. Laura Dern was contacted to reprise", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 46 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8467543", "chunk_text": "\"Jurassic Park\"\nsafety of their plane, he is startled to find them landing on the ground, where they are stalked by a \"\"Spinosaurus\"\" (superior to the \"\"Tyrannosaurus\"\" in size), which destroys their plane. As they search for the Kirbys' son, the situation grows dire as \"\"Velociraptors\"\" hunt their group and they must find a way off the island. The film also stars Alessandro Nivola, Michael Jeter, Trevor Morgan, Mark Harelik, and Laura Dern. Steven Spielberg devised a story idea for a fourth film in 2001, during production of \"\"Jurassic Park III\"\". In 2002, William Monahan was hired to write the script, with", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 47 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18017889", "chunk_text": "\"Jurassic Park (film)\"\nbegan on August 24, 1992, on the Hawaiian island of Kauai. While Costa Rica was considered as a location given it is the novel's setting, Spielberg's concerns over infrastructure and accessibility made him choose a place where he had already worked. The three-week shoot involved various daytime exteriors for Isla Nublar's forests. On September 11, Hurricane Iniki passed directly over Kauai costing a day of shooting. Several of the storm scenes from the movie are actual footage shot during the hurricane. The scheduled shoot of the \"\"Gallimimus\"\" chase was moved to Kualoa Ranch on the island of Oahu. One of", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 48 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10276018", "chunk_text": "\"Jurassic Park (film)\"\nAdventure in Orlando, Florida, has an entire section of the park dedicated to \"\"Jurassic Park\"\" that includes the main ride, christened \"\"Jurassic Park River Adventure\"\", and many smaller rides and attractions based on the series. At Universal Studios Singapore, opened in 2010, the Themed Zone named \"\"The Lost World\"\" consists mostly of \"\"Jurassic Park\"\" rides, such as the roller coaster Canopy Flyer and the river rapids Jurassic Park Rapids Adventure. Jurassic Park (film) Jurassic Park is a 1993 American science fiction adventure film directed by Steven Spielberg and produced by Kathleen Kennedy and Gerald R. Molen. The first installment in", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 49 } ]
test_3469	in the dynastic cycle what is the right to rule called?	n/a	[ "the Mandate of Heaven", "Mandate of Heaven" ]	[]	n/a	n/a	n/a	[]	[ { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13704696", "chunk_text": "Dynasty\nfrom Latin \"\"\"\", which comes from Greek \"\"dynastéia\"\" (), where it referred to \"\"power\"\", \"\"dominion\"\", and \"\"rule\"\" itself. It was the abstract noun of \"\"dynástēs\"\" (), the agent noun of \"\"dynamis\"\" (), \"\"power\"\" or \"\"ability\"\", from \"\"dýnamai\"\" (), \"\"to be able\"\". A ruler in a dynasty is sometimes referred to as a \"\"dynast\"\", but this term is also used to describe any member of a reigning family who retains a right to succeed to a throne. For example, following his abdication, Edward VIII of the United Kingdom ceased to be a dynastic member of the House of Windsor. A \"\"dynastic", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 0 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16663250", "chunk_text": "Ultimogeniture\nUltimogeniture Ultimogeniture, also known as postremogeniture or junior right, is the tradition of inheritance by the last-born of a privileged position in a parent's wealth or office. The tradition has been far rarer historically than primogeniture (sole inheritance by the first-born) or partible inheritance (division of the estate among the children). Ultimogeniture might be considered appropriate in circumstances where the youngest child had been assigned the role of \"\"keeping the hearth\"\", taking care of the parents and continuing at home, whereas elder children had had time and opportunity to succeed in the world and provide for themselves. In a variation", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 1 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13726226", "chunk_text": "\"Order of succession\"\nstrongest claim to assume the throne when the vacancy occurs. Often, the line of succession is restricted to persons of the blood royal (but see morganatic marriage), that is, to those legally recognized as born into or descended from the reigning dynasty or a previous sovereign. The persons in line to succeed to the throne are called \"\"dynasts\"\". Constitutions, statutes, house laws, and norms may regulate the sequence and eligibility of potential successors to the throne. Historically, the order of succession was sometimes superseded or reinforced by the coronation of a selected heir as co-monarch during the life of the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 2 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10053792", "chunk_text": "\"Queen regnant\"\n(the reigning monarch or a council names an heir), primogeniture (in which the children of a monarch or chief have preference in order of birth from eldest to youngest), and ultimogeniture (in which the children have preference in the reverse order of birth from youngest to eldest). The scope of succession may be matrilineal, patrilineal, or both; or, rarely, open to general election when necessary. The right of succession may be open to men and women, or limited to men only or to women only. The most typical succession in European monarchies from the Late Middle Ages until the late", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 3 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8744825", "chunk_text": "\"Dynastic cycle\"\nDynastic cycle Dynastic cycle () is an important political theory in Chinese history. According to this theory, each dynasty rises to a political, cultural, and economic peak and then, because of moral corruption, declines, loses the Mandate of Heaven, and falls, only to be replaced by a new dynasty. The cycle then repeats under a surface pattern of repetitive motifs. It sees a continuity in Chinese history from early times to the present by looking at the succession of empires or dynasties, implying that there is little basic development or change in social or economic structures. John K. Fairbank expressed", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 4 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19214002", "chunk_text": "\"Order of succession\"\nOrder of succession An order of succession or right of succession is the sequence of those entitled to hold a high office such as head of state or an honor such as a title of nobility in the order in which they stand in line to it when it becomes vacated. This sequence may be regulated through descent or by statute. Hereditary government form differs from elected government. An established order of succession is the normal way of passing on hereditary positions, and also provides immediate continuity after an unexpected vacancy in cases where office-holders are chosen by election: the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 5 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15950822", "chunk_text": "\"Dynastic cycle\"\nand the Qing founded by Manchus, who later conquered the central part of China and assumed the title of Emperor of China. Dynastic cycle Dynastic cycle () is an important political theory in Chinese history. According to this theory, each dynasty rises to a political, cultural, and economic peak and then, because of moral corruption, declines, loses the Mandate of Heaven, and falls, only to be replaced by a new dynasty. The cycle then repeats under a surface pattern of repetitive motifs. It sees a continuity in Chinese history from early times to the present by looking at the succession", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 6 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20049945", "chunk_text": "Ultimogeniture\ncan bypass said tradition, but the elder siblings still have the aforementioned advantages, so primogeniture traditions tend to persist. Ultimogeniture Ultimogeniture, also known as postremogeniture or junior right, is the tradition of inheritance by the last-born of a privileged position in a parent's wealth or office. The tradition has been far rarer historically than primogeniture (sole inheritance by the first-born) or partible inheritance (division of the estate among the children). Ultimogeniture might be considered appropriate in circumstances where the youngest child had been assigned the role of \"\"keeping the hearth\"\", taking care of the parents and continuing at home, whereas", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 7 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15133399", "chunk_text": "Monarchy\nthe eldest child of the monarch is first in line to become monarch, is the most common system in hereditary monarchy. The order of succession is usually affected by rules on gender. Historically \"\"agnatic primogeniture\"\" or \"\"patrilineal primogeniture\"\" was favoured, that is inheritance according to seniority of birth among the sons of a monarch or head of family, with sons and their male issue inheriting before brothers and their issue, and male-line males inheriting before females of the male line. This is the same as semi-Salic primogeniture. Complete exclusion of females from dynastic succession is commonly referred to as application", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 8 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13704691", "chunk_text": "Dynasty\nDynasty A dynasty (, ) is a sequence of rulers from the same family, usually in the context of a feudal or monarchical system, but sometimes also appearing in elective republics. The dynastic family or lineage may be known as a \"\"noble house\"\", which may be styled as \"\"royal\"\", \"\"princely\"\", \"\"ducal\"\", \"\"comital\"\", etc., depending upon the chief or present title borne by its members. Historians periodize the histories of many sovereign states, such as Ancient Egypt, the Carolingian Empire and Imperial China, using a framework of successive dynasties. As such, the term \"\"dynasty\"\" may be used to delimit the era", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 9 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14087572", "chunk_text": "Patrilineality\nmembership of European dynasties. The prevalent forms of dynastic succession in Europe, Asia and parts of Africa (but see the Rain Queen) were male-preference primogeniture, agnatic primogeniture or agnatic seniority until after World War II. By the 21st century most ongoing European monarchies had replaced their traditional agnatic succession with absolute primogeniture, meaning that the first child born to a monarch inherits the throne, regardless of the child's sex. Variations of the Salic Law, generally understood in modern times to mean exclusion of women as hereditary monarchs, restricted succession to thrones and inheritance of fiefs or land to men in", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 10 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14930012", "chunk_text": "\"Head of state\"\nmeans that the heir to the throne is known well in advance of becoming monarch to ensure a smooth succession. However, many cases of uncertain succession in European history have often led to wars of succession. Primogeniture, in which the eldest child of the monarch is first in line to become monarch, is the most common system in hereditary monarchy. The order of succession is usually affected by rules on gender. Historically \"\"agnatic primogeniture\"\" or \"\"patrilineal primogeniture\"\" was favoured, that is inheritance according to seniority of birth among the sons of a monarch or head of family, with sons and", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 11 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12041060", "chunk_text": "Primogeniture\nheir had an inherent \"\"right\"\" to rule, and did so through military power and the Senate's symbolic consent. The law of primogeniture in Europe has its origins in Medieval Europe; which due to the feudal system necessitated that the estates of land-owning feudal lords be kept as large and united as possible to maintain social stability as well as the wealth, power and social standing of their families. Adam Smith, in his book \"\"An Inquiry into the Nature and Causes of the Wealth of Nations\"\", explains the origin of primogeniture in Europe in the following way: A case of agnatic", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 12 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12399014", "chunk_text": "Dynasty\ngenetics, and nepotism may contribute to the phenomenon. Family dictatorships are a different concept in which political power passes within a family because of the overwhelming authority of the leader, rather than informal power accrued to the family. Some political dynasties: Dynasty A dynasty (, ) is a sequence of rulers from the same family, usually in the context of a feudal or monarchical system, but sometimes also appearing in elective republics. The dynastic family or lineage may be known as a \"\"noble house\"\", which may be styled as \"\"royal\"\", \"\"princely\"\", \"\"ducal\"\", \"\"comital\"\", etc., depending upon the chief or present", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 13 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2792484", "chunk_text": "\"War of succession\"\nWar of succession A war of succession or succession war is a war prompted by a succession crisis in which two or more individuals claim the right of successor to a deceased or deposed monarch. The rivals are typically supported by factions within the royal court. Foreign powers sometimes intervene, allying themselves with a faction. This may widen the war into one between those powers. In historiography and literature, a \"\"war of succession\"\" may also be referred to as a \"\"succession dispute\"\", \"\"dynastic struggle\"\", \"\"internecine conflict\"\", \"\"fratricidal war\"\", or any combination of these terms. Not all of these are necessarily", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 14 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4822233", "chunk_text": "Monarchy\nof the Salic law (see \"\"Terra salica\"\"). Before primogeniture was enshrined in European law and tradition, kings would often secure the succession by having their successor (usually their eldest son) crowned during their own lifetime, so for a time there would be two kings in coregency – a senior king and a junior king. Examples include Henry the Young King of England and the early Direct Capetians in France. Sometimes, however, primogeniture can operate through the female line. In some systems a female may rule as monarch only when the male line dating back to a common ancestor is exhausted.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 15 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4822221", "chunk_text": "Monarchy\nup in a royal family (called a dynasty when it continues for several generations), future monarchs are often trained for the responsibilities of expected future rule. Different systems of succession have been used, such as proximity of blood, primogeniture, and agnatic seniority (Salic law). While most monarchs have been male, many female monarchs also have reigned in history; the term queen regnant refers to a ruling monarch, while a queen consort refers to the wife of a reigning king. Rule may be hereditary in practice without being considered a monarchy, such as that of family dictatorships or political families in", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 16 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2943251", "chunk_text": "\"House law\"\nHouse law House law or House laws (\"\"Hausgesetze\"\") are rules that govern a royal family or dynasty in matters of eligibility for succession to a throne, membership in a dynasty, exercise of a regency, or entitlement to dynastic rank, titles and styles. Prevalent in European monarchies during the nineteenth century, few countries have house laws any longer, so that they are, as a category of law, of more historical than current significance. If applied today, house laws are mostly upheld by members of royal and princely families as a matter of tradition. Some dynasties have codified house laws, which then", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 17 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16103054", "chunk_text": "Aristocracy\nAristocracy Aristocracy (Greek ἀριστοκρατία \"\"aristokratía\"\", from ἄριστος \"\"\"\" \"\"excellent\"\", and κράτος, kratos 'rule') is a form of government that places strength in the hands of a small, privileged ruling class. The term derives from the Greek \"\"aristokratia\"\", meaning \"\"rule of the best-born\"\". The term is synonymous with hereditary government, and hereditary succession is its primary philosophy, after which the hereditary monarch appoints officers as they see fit. At the time of the word's origins in ancient Greece, the Greeks conceived it as rule by the best qualified citizens—and often contrasted it favourably with monarchy, rule by an individual. In later", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 18 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9173017", "chunk_text": "Primogeniture\nPrimogeniture Primogeniture () is the right, by law or custom, of the paternally acknowledged, firstborn son to inherit his parent's entire or main estate, in preference to daughters, elder illegitimate sons, younger sons and collateral relatives; in some cases the estate may instead be the inheritance of the firstborn child or occasionally the firstborn daughter. The descendant (often the son) of a deceased elder sibling (typically elder brother) inherits before a living younger sibling by right of substitution for the deceased heir. In the absence of any children, brothers succeed, individually, to the inheritance by seniority of age (subject to", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 19 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12041054", "chunk_text": "Primogeniture\nby his sister's son. This particular system of inheritance applied to the thrones of the Picts of Northern Britain and the Etruscans of Italy. Some kingdoms and ethnic groups in Africa follow the same practice. This usage may stem in part from the certainty of the relationship to the previous king and kings: sons and daughters of a sister are his relations (mater semper certa est), even if they do not have the same father. \"\"Matrilineal primogeniture\"\", or \"\"female-preference uterine primogeniture\"\", is a form of succession practised in some societies in which the eldest female child inherits the throne, to", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 20 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12729276", "chunk_text": "\"Dynastic cycle\"\nthe doubts of many historians when he wrote that \"\"the concept of the dynastic cycle... has been a major block to the understanding of the fundamental dynamics of Chinese history.\"\" The cycle appears as follows: The Mandate of Heaven was the idea that the Emperor was favored by Heaven to rule over China. The Mandate of Heaven explanation was championed by the Chinese philosopher Mencius during the Warring States period. It has 3 main phases: Chinese history is traditionally represented in terms of dynastic cycles. Through its long history, the Chinese have been ruled not by one dynasty, but by", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 21 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13726232", "chunk_text": "\"Order of succession\"\ndaughters are considered equal co-heirs to each other, at least in recent British practice. This can result in the condition known as abeyance. In the medieval period, actual practice varied with local custom. While women could inherit manors, power was usually exercised by their husbands (\"\"jure uxoris\"\") or their sons (\"\"jure matris\"\"). Absolute primogeniture is a law in which the eldest child of the sovereign succeeds to the throne, regardless of gender, and females (and their descendants) enjoy the same right of succession as males. This is currently the system in Sweden (since 1980), the Netherlands (since 1983), Norway (since", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 22 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10233687", "chunk_text": "Dynatoi\nDynatoi The dynatoi (, \"\"the powerful\"\") was a legal term in the Byzantine Empire used from the 10th century on, denoting the senior levels of civil, military and ecclesiastic (including monastic) officialdom, who usually, but not always, also commanded considerable fortunes and landed estates. Although such positions were not usually hereditary, by the late 10th and early 11th centuries they had started to become monopolized by a limited number of families who by the mid-11th century formed a hereditary aristocracy. Although the exact composition of the \"\"dynatoi\"\" class has been the subject of considerable scholarly debate (cf. Lemerle), in economic", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 23 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14930013", "chunk_text": "\"Head of state\"\ntheir male issue inheriting before brothers and their issue, and male-line males inheriting before females of the male line. This is the same as semi-Salic primogeniture. Complete exclusion of females from dynastic succession is commonly referred to as application of the Salic law (see \"\"Terra salica\"\"). Before primogeniture was enshrined in European law and tradition, kings would often secure the succession by having their successor (usually their eldest son) crowned during their own lifetime, so for a time there would be two kings in coregency – a senior king and a junior king. Examples include Henry the Young King of", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 24 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11106962", "chunk_text": "Government\nan autocracy, or it may be a group, as in an oligarchy. The word despotism means to \"\"rule in the fashion of despots\"\". A monarchy is where a family or group of families (rarely another type of group), called the royalty, represents national identity, with power traditionally assigned to one of its individuals, called the monarch, who mostly rule kingdoms. The actual role of the monarch and other members of royalty varies from purely symbolical (crowned republic) to partial and restricted (constitutional monarchy) to completely despotic (absolute monarchy). Traditionally and in most cases, the post of the monarch is inherited,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 25 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10826877", "chunk_text": "\"Order of succession\"\na dynasty or dynastic clan, with a purpose of election a best qualified candidate for the leadership. The leaders are elected as being the most mature elders of the clan, already in possession of military power and competence. Fraternal succession is preferred to ensure that mature leaders are in charge, removing a need for regents. The lateral system of succession may or may not exclude male descendants in the female line from succession. In practice, when no male heir is mature enough, a female heir is usually determined \"\"pragmatically\"\", by proximity to the last monarch, like Boariks of the Caucasian", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 26 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13940890", "chunk_text": "Monarch\nuxoris\"\". Spain today continues this model of succession law, in the form of cognatic primogeniture. In more complex medieval cases, the sometimes conflicting principles of proximity and primogeniture battled, and outcomes were often idiosyncratic. As the average life span increased, an eldest son was more likely to reach majority age before the death of his father, and primogeniture became increasingly favoured over proximity, tanistry, seniority and election. In 1980, Sweden became the first monarchy to declare \"\"equal primogeniture\"\", \"\"absolute primogeniture\"\" or \"\"full cognatic primogeniture\"\", meaning that the eldest child of the monarch, whether female or male, ascends to the throne.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 27 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11191449", "chunk_text": "\"Designation (monarchy)\"\nDesignation (monarchy) Where a monarchy is not hereditary, but relies on election, the reigning monarch may try to influence the succession by the designation of a preferred candidate. The word \"\"designation\"\" is derived from the Latin and means the nomination, in advance, of someone to an office. Designation played a significant constitutional and political role in the succession of the Frankish monarchy and, later, in the succession of kings in the Holy Roman Empire in Middle Ages. Because the throne was not passed on by inheritance, the king tried to determine his successor by making a recommendation to the \"\"greats", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 28 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19190823", "chunk_text": "\"Sociocultural evolution\"\nof this newly discovered sciences were extended to include the vast majority (or whole populations) of populations as an exercise in “regimes change”.Foucault argues that the conceptual meaning from the Middle ages and Canon law period, the Geocentric model, later superseded by the Heliocentrism model placing the position of the law of right in the Middle ages (Exclusive right or its correct legal term \"\"Sui generis\"\") was the Divine right of kings and Absolute monarchy where the previous incarnation of truth and rule of political sovereignty was considered absolute and unquestioned by Political Philosophy(monarchs, popes and emperors). However, Foucault notices", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 29 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9173043", "chunk_text": "Primogeniture\na will could control only the inheritance of personal property. Real estate (land) passed to the eldest male descendant by operation of law. The statute added a provision that a landowner could \"\"devise\"\" land by the use of a new device called a \"\"testament\"\". The rule of primogeniture in England was not changed until the Administration of Estates Act in 1925. In law, primogeniture is the rule of inheritance whereby land descends to the oldest son. Under the feudal system of medieval Europe, primogeniture generally governed the inheritance of land held in military tenure (see knight). The effect of this", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 30 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12729279", "chunk_text": "\"Dynastic cycle\"\nunion, a split will occur\"\" (分久必合，合久必分). Each of these rulers would claim the Mandate of Heaven to legitimize their rule. Although this well-known dynastic periodization of China is more or less based on traditional Sinocentric ideology, it also applies to non-native rulers who sought to gain the Mandate of Heaven. While most ruling dynasties in Chinese history were founded by native Chinese, there were also non-native or Conquest Dynasties established by non-Han Chinese people beyond the traditional border of central part of China dominated by Han Chinese people (also known as China proper). These include the Yuan founded by Mongols", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 31 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3197104", "chunk_text": "\"Divine right of kings\"\nDivine right of kings The divine right of kings, divine right, or God's mandate is a political and religious doctrine of royal and political legitimacy. It asserts that a monarch is subject to no earthly authority, deriving the right to rule directly from the will of God. The king is thus not subject to the will of his people, the aristocracy, or any other estate of the realm. It implies that only God can judge an unjust king and that any attempt to depose, dethrone or restrict his powers runs contrary to the will of God and may constitute a", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 32 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "647305", "chunk_text": "\"Hereditary monarchy\"\nRoman Empire and the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth prove the rule. Hereditary monarchy Hereditary monarchy is a form of government and succession of power in which the throne passes from one member of a royal family to another member of the same family. It represents an institutionalised form of nepotism. It is historically the most common type of monarchy and remains the dominant form in extant monarchies. It has the advantages of continuity of the concentration of power and wealth and predictability of who one can expect to control the means of governance and patronage. Provided that a monarch is competent, not", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 33 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16360241", "chunk_text": "\"Royal family\"\nenacted by the legislature (e.g. Spain, the Netherlands, and Japan since 1947), the sovereign's prerogative and common law tradition (e.g. the United Kingdom), or a private house law (e.g., Liechtenstein, the former ruling houses of Bavaria, Prussia, Hanover, etc.). Public statutes, constitutional provisions, or conventions may also regulate the marriages, names, and personal titles of royal family members. The members of a royal family may or may not have a surname or dynastic name (see Royal House). In a constitutional monarchy, when the monarch dies, there is always a law or tradition of succession to the throne that either specifies", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 34 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9313058", "chunk_text": "Oligarchy\nOligarchy Oligarchy (; ) is a form of power structure in which power rests with a small number of people. These people may be distinguished by nobility, wealth, family ties, education or corporate, religious or political, military control. Such states are often controlled by families who typically pass their influence from one generation to the next, but inheritance is not a necessary condition for the application of this term. Throughout history, oligarchies have often been tyrannical, relying on public obedience or oppression to exist. Aristotle pioneered the use of the term as a synonym for rule by the rich, for", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 35 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13940916", "chunk_text": "Monarchy\nMonarchy A monarchy is a form of government in which a group, generally a group of people representing a dynasty (aristocracy), embodies the country's national identity and its head, the monarch, exercises the role of supreme sovereignty. The actual power of the monarch may vary from purely symbolic (crowned republic), to partial and restricted (constitutional monarchy), to completely autocratic (absolute monarchy). Traditionally the monarch's post is inherited and lasts until death or abdication. In contrast, elective monarchies require the monarch to be elected. Both types have further variations as there are widely divergent structures and traditions defining monarchy. For example,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 36 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10826884", "chunk_text": "\"Order of succession\"\noffices (e.g., President of the United States#Succession, vacancy or disability). P22 Order of succession An order of succession or right of succession is the sequence of those entitled to hold a high office such as head of state or an honor such as a title of nobility in the order in which they stand in line to it when it becomes vacated. This sequence may be regulated through descent or by statute. Hereditary government form differs from elected government. An established order of succession is the normal way of passing on hereditary positions, and also provides immediate continuity after an", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 37 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17179740", "chunk_text": "Kyklos\nKyklos The Kyklos (, , \"\"cycle\"\") is a term used by some classical Greek authors to describe what they saw as the political cycle of governments in a society. It was roughly based on the history of Greek city-states in the same period. The concept of \"\"The Kyklos\"\" is first elaborated in Plato's \"\"Republic\"\", chapters VIII and IX. Polybius calls it the \"\"anakyklosis\"\" or \"\"anacyclosis\"\". According to Polybius, who has the most fully developed version of the cycle, it rotates through the three basic forms of government, democracy, aristocracy, and monarchy and the three degenerate forms of each of these", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 38 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18945278", "chunk_text": "Despotism\nDespotism Despotism (, \"\"Despotismós\"\") is a form of government in which a single entity rules with absolute power. Normally, that entity is an individual, the despot, as in an autocracy, but societies which limit respect and power to specific groups have also been called despotic. Colloquially, the word \"\"despot\"\" applies pejoratively to those who abuse their power and authority to oppress their populace, subjects, or subordinates. More specifically, the term often applies to a head of state or government. In this sense, it is similar to the pejorative connotations that are associated with the terms \"\"tyrant\"\" and \"\"dictator\"\". The English", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 39 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4802102", "chunk_text": "\"Dynastic order\"\nDynastic order A dynastic order, monarchical order, or house order, is an order under royal patronage, bestowed by the head of a currently or formerly sovereign royal family as legitimate fons honorum. These are often considered part of the cultural patrimony of the royal family. They are orders of chivalry, and orders of merit just as those distributed by sovereign states, but dynastic orders were often founded or maintained to reward service to a monarch, or the monarch's subsequent dynasty. An example of this difference is seen between the Royal Victorian Order, in which appointments are made as a personal", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 40 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4822236", "chunk_text": "Monarchy\nprimogeniture and the principle of proximity of blood. Other hereditary systems of succession included tanistry, which is semi-elective and gives weight to merit and Agnatic seniority. In some monarchies, such as Saudi Arabia, succession to the throne first passes to the monarch's next eldest brother, and only after that to the monarch's children (agnatic seniority). In an elective monarchy, monarchs are elected, or appointed by some body (an electoral college) for life or a defined period, but otherwise serve as any other monarch. There is no popular vote involved in elective monarchies, as the elective body usually consists of a", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 41 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2733044", "chunk_text": "Principate\nPrincipate The Principate is the name sometimes given to the first period of the Roman Empire from the beginning of the reign of Augustus in 27 BC to the end of the Crisis of the Third Century in 284 AD, after which it evolved into the so-called \"\"Dominate\"\". The Principate is characterised by the reign of a single emperor (\"\"princeps\"\") and an effort on the part of the early emperors, at least, to preserve the illusion of the formal continuance, in some aspects, of the Roman Republic. It is etymologically derived from the Latin word \"\"princeps\"\", meaning \"\"chief\"\" or \"\"first\"\",", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 42 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7397963", "chunk_text": "Realm\nRealm A realm is a community or territory over which a sovereign rules. The term is commonly used to describe a kingdom or other monarchical or dynastic state. A realm may also be a subdivision within an empire, if it has its own monarch, e.g. the German Empire. The Old French word \"\"reaume\"\", modern French \"\"royaume\"\", was the word first adopted in English; the fixed modern spelling does not appear until the beginning of the 17th century. The word supposedly derives from medieval Latin \"\"regalimen\"\", from \"\"regalis\"\", of or belonging to a \"\"rex\"\" (king). The word \"\"rex\"\" itself is derived", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 43 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15038207", "chunk_text": "Primogeniture\nto the throne to a female member of a dynasty if she has no living brothers and no deceased brothers who left surviving legitimate descendants. A dynast's sons and their lines of descent all come before that dynast's daughters and their lines. Older sons and their lines come before younger sons and their lines. Older daughters and their lines come before younger daughters and their lines. It was practiced in the succession to the once-separate thrones of England and Scotland (until their union under James VI and I) and then the United Kingdom until 2015, when the Succession to the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 44 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "647302", "chunk_text": "\"Hereditary monarchy\"\navoids disputes among members of the royal family. Usurpers may resort to inventing semi-mythical genealogies to bolster their respectability. Historically, there have been differences in systems of succession, mainly revolving around the question of whether succession is limited to males, or whether females are also eligible (historically, the crown often devolved on the eldest male child, as ability to lead an army in battle was a requisite of kingship). Agnatic succession refers to systems where females are neither allowed to succeed nor to transmit succession rights to their male descendants (see Salic Law). An \"\"agnate\"\" is a kinsman with whom", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 45 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13726233", "chunk_text": "\"Order of succession\"\n1990), Belgium (since 1991), Denmark (since 2009), Luxembourg (since 2011), and in the United Kingdom and the Commonwealth realms (since 2015). Agnatic (or semi-Salic) succession, prevalent in much of Europe since ancient times, is the restriction of succession to those descended from or related to a past or current monarch exclusively through the male line of descent: descendants through females were ineligible to inherit unless no males of the patrilineage remained alive. In this form of succession, the succession is reserved first to all the male dynastic descendants of all the eligible branches by order of primogeniture, then upon total", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 46 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4822222", "chunk_text": "Monarchy\nmany democracies. The principal advantage of hereditary monarchy is the immediate continuity of leadership (as seen in the classic phrase \"\"The King is dead. Long live the King!\"\"). Some monarchies are non-hereditary. In an elective monarchy, monarchs are elected, or appointed by some body (an electoral college) for life or a defined period, but otherwise serve as any other monarch. Three elective monarchies exist today: Malaysia and the United Arab Emirates are 20th-century creations, while one (the papacy) is ancient. A self-proclaimed monarchy is established when a person claims the monarchy without any historical ties to a previous dynasty. There", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 47 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "647299", "chunk_text": "\"Hereditary monarchy\"\nHereditary monarchy Hereditary monarchy is a form of government and succession of power in which the throne passes from one member of a royal family to another member of the same family. It represents an institutionalised form of nepotism. It is historically the most common type of monarchy and remains the dominant form in extant monarchies. It has the advantages of continuity of the concentration of power and wealth and predictability of who one can expect to control the means of governance and patronage. Provided that a monarch is competent, not oppressive, and maintains an appropriate royal dignity, it might", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 48 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13940888", "chunk_text": "Monarch\ntime. Hereditary succession within one patrilineal family has been most common (although, see the Rain Queen), with preference for children over siblings, sons over daughters. In Europe, some peoples practiced equal division of land and regalian rights among sons or brothers, as in the Germanic states of the Holy Roman Empire, until after the medieval era and sometimes (e.g., Ernestine duchies) into the 19th century. Other European realms practice one form or another of primogeniture, whereunder a lord was succeeded by his eldest son or, if he had none, by his brother, his daughters or sons of daughters. The system", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 49 } ]
test_3470	who sings i don't want to be lonely?	n/a	[ "Ronnie Dyson" ]	[]	n/a	n/a	n/a	[]	[ { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12519265", "chunk_text": "\"Just Don't Want to Be Lonely\"\nJust Don't Want to Be Lonely \"\"Just Don't Want to Be Lonely\"\" is a song written by Bobby Eli, John Freeman and Vinnie Barrett, originally recorded in 1973 by Ronnie Dyson and popularized internationally by The Main Ingredient. Dyson's version reached No. 60 in the US Pop chart, No. 30 Adult Contemporary, and No. 29 in the US R&B chart. Its flipside was \"\"Point of No Return,\"\" a song written by Tom Bell & Linda Creed. The Main Ingredient's version of the song released in 1974 on RCA Victor and reached No. 10 in the US, No. 8 in US", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 0 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3264820", "chunk_text": "\"I Don't Wanna Be Lonely\"\nI Don't Wanna Be Lonely \"\"I Don't Wanna Be Lonely\"\" is the eighteenth single by Dutch girl group Luv', released in early 1990 by the labels Dureco/High Fashion Music. It appears on the EP For You, featuring a formation different from the original line-up. After the release of Welcome to My Party, which marked Luv's comeback, the next single taken from the EP For You was \"\"I Don't Wanna Be Lonely\"\", a cover version of a 1989 club hit by Joan Orleans. The music arrangements of this song were inspired by those of the hits released by PWL, the British", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 1 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12519266", "chunk_text": "\"Just Don't Want to Be Lonely\"\nR&B and No. 42 in US AC. It reached number seven in Canada. The recording was arranged by Bert de Coteaux. It became a gold record. Just Don't Want to Be Lonely \"\"Just Don't Want to Be Lonely\"\" is a song written by Bobby Eli, John Freeman and Vinnie Barrett, originally recorded in 1973 by Ronnie Dyson and popularized internationally by The Main Ingredient. Dyson's version reached No. 60 in the US Pop chart, No. 30 Adult Contemporary, and No. 29 in the US R&B chart. Its flipside was \"\"Point of No Return,\"\" a song written by Tom Bell &", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 2 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3264821", "chunk_text": "\"I Don't Wanna Be Lonely\"\nleading dance label in the late 1980s. I Don't Wanna Be Lonely \"\"I Don't Wanna Be Lonely\"\" is the eighteenth single by Dutch girl group Luv', released in early 1990 by the labels Dureco/High Fashion Music. It appears on the EP For You, featuring a formation different from the original line-up. After the release of Welcome to My Party, which marked Luv's comeback, the next single taken from the EP For You was \"\"I Don't Wanna Be Lonely\"\", a cover version of a 1989 club hit by Joan Orleans. The music arrangements of this song were inspired by those of", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 3 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7320247", "chunk_text": "\"Mark Mueller\"\nthe Billboard Rhythmic Top 40 Chart hit in 1996. It also spent 8 weeks in the Billboard Hot 100, peaking at #78. Mueller's first Billboard chart hit was \"\"I Don't Want To Be Lonely,\"\" performed by Dana Valery. It reached #23 on the Billboard Adult Contemporary chart and spent 13 weeks on that chart and 5 weeks on the magazine's Hot 100. Mueller’s work in the U.S. has been featured on RIAA-certified platinum and gold records by artists including: Heart (band), Amy Grant, 'N Sync featuring Justin Timberlake, Lea Michele (on the Soundtrack), Jennifer Paige, Earth, Wind & Fire, SWV,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 4 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16514047", "chunk_text": "\"Nobody Wants to Be Lonely\"\nNobody Wants to Be Lonely \"\"Nobody Wants to Be Lonely\"\" is the second single from Ricky Martin's second English album, \"\"Sound Loaded\"\", released on January 9, 2001. Ricky Martin also recorded this single in Spanish entitled \"\"Sólo Quiero Amarte\"\" (\"\"I Only Want to Love You\"\"). Another version of the song was recorded as a duet with Christina Aguilera. This duet version was later included on three of Martin's compilations: \"\"The Best of Ricky Martin\"\", \"\"17\"\", \"\"\"\" and \"\"\"\" and the international version of Aguilera's greatest hits album, \"\"\"\". Two music videos were directed by Wayne Isham in Coral Gables, Florida", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 5 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1279473", "chunk_text": "\"Don't Let Me Be Lonely\"\nat number 68 on the Canadian Hot 100 chart for the week of November 23, 2013. The song has sold 251,000 copies in the US as of January 2014. Don't Let Me Be Lonely \"\"Don't Let Me Be Lonely\"\" is a song recorded by American country music group The Band Perry. It was released in August 2013 as the third single from their second album, \"\"Pioneer\"\". The song was written by Sarah Buxton, Rodney Clawson and Chris Tompkins. Billy Dukes of \"\"Taste of Country\"\" gave the song four and a half stars out of five, writing that \"\"the latest track", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 6 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "382190", "chunk_text": "\"Don't Let Me Be Lonely\"\nDon't Let Me Be Lonely \"\"Don't Let Me Be Lonely\"\" is a song recorded by American country music group The Band Perry. It was released in August 2013 as the third single from their second album, \"\"Pioneer\"\". The song was written by Sarah Buxton, Rodney Clawson and Chris Tompkins. Billy Dukes of \"\"Taste of Country\"\" gave the song four and a half stars out of five, writing that \"\"the latest track may not be as instantly catchy [as \"\"If I Die Young\"\"], but it’s every bit the sharp songwriting effort.\"\" Dukes also wrote that \"\"Kimberly Perry is a talented vocalist", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 7 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "183712", "chunk_text": "\"Never Be Lonely\"\n\"\"I Bet You Look Good on the Dancefloor\"\", Snow Patrol's \"\"Chasing Cars\"\", Gnarls Barkley's \"\"Crazy\"\" and Scissor Sisters' \"\"I Don't Feel Like Dancin'\"\". \"\"Crazy\"\" eventually won. Never Be Lonely \"\"Never Be Lonely\"\" is a song by the Feeling. It is the third single from their debut album \"\"Twelve Stops and Home\"\", and was released on 28 August 2006. It entered the UK Singles Chart at number 24 on 27 August 2006 based on download sales alone. The following week it climbed to number 12 as a physical single was now available. The song climbed into the top ten of the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 8 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3546583", "chunk_text": "\"Don't Want to Know If You Are Lonely\"\nDon't Want to Know If You Are Lonely \"\"Don't Want to Know If You Are Lonely\"\" is a song by Hüsker Dü from their album \"\"Candy Apple Grey\"\". The song was written by Grant Hart. It was released both as an EP in the United States and as a single in the United Kingdom in March 1986. Hüsker Dü filmed a promotional video for the song, which garnered the band some play on MTV. The song is featured in the 2009 comedy-drama movie, \"\"Adventureland\"\". Side One Side Two \"\"Helter Skelter\"\" was recorded live on January 30, 1985 at First Avenue", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 9 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "21009527", "chunk_text": "\"I Don't Want to Be Your Friend\"\nI Don't Want to Be Your Friend \"\"I Don't Want to Be Your Friend\"\" is a pop/R&B song written and composed by Diane Warren. It was first recorded by singer Cyndi Lauper for her 1989 album \"\"A Night To Remember\"\". The song was meant to be the second commercial single released in the U.S. from that album, but after the second radio single \"\"A Night to Remember\"\" failed to chart highly, the label scrapped the idea. Famed songwriter Desmond Child also recorded a version for his only album \"\"Discipline\"\" (1991). \"\"I Don't Want to Be Your Friend\"\" was eventually a", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 10 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16514048", "chunk_text": "\"Nobody Wants to Be Lonely\"\nMiami specifically in Biltmore Hotel Grounds to before Christmas in late December 2000, aired on January 15, 2001. One music video is set to the English-language duet 'Nobody Wants to Be Lonely', while the other is set to the Spanish-language solo 'Sólo Quiero Amarte'. The video to 'Nobody Wants to Be Lonely' features Christina Aguilera while 'Sólo Quiero Amarte' shows her in a cameo appearance. \"\"Nobody Wants to Be Lonely\"\" is one of the first major single releases to not have a commercial CD single in the United States. Although songs had been allowed to chart on the \"\"Billboard\"\" Hot", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 11 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16514052", "chunk_text": "\"Nobody Wants to Be Lonely\"\nCD maxi-single UK cassette single UK CD maxi-single US promotional CD single US promotional 12\"\" single Nobody Wants to Be Lonely \"\"Nobody Wants to Be Lonely\"\" is the second single from Ricky Martin's second English album, \"\"Sound Loaded\"\", released on January 9, 2001. Ricky Martin also recorded this single in Spanish entitled \"\"Sólo Quiero Amarte\"\" (\"\"I Only Want to Love You\"\"). Another version of the song was recorded as a duet with Christina Aguilera. This duet version was later included on three of Martin's compilations: \"\"The Best of Ricky Martin\"\", \"\"17\"\", \"\"\"\" and \"\"\"\" and the international version of Aguilera's", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 12 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9135151", "chunk_text": "\"I Don't Want to Be\"\nI Don't Want to Be \"\"I Don't Want to Be\"\" is a song by Gavin DeGraw appearing on his 2003 debut album, \"\"Chariot\"\". It was released as a single in Australia in 2003, and in the UK in 2004. The single became DeGraw's biggest hit to date, mainly due to the premiere of \"\"One Tree Hill\"\", of which the song is the opening theme; peaking at number ten in the U.S. in January 2005. The song was certified 2x Platinum, having sold over 2,000,000 paid downloads. It is also DeGraw's only single to break the UK Top 40. On May", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 13 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5628902", "chunk_text": "\"Don't Want to Know If You Are Lonely\"\nin Minneapolis, Minnesota. Side One Side Two On Record Store Day, 2011, Warner Bros. Records released an exclusive limited edition print of a \"\"Don't Want to Know If You Are Lonely\"\" split single. The split single features the original version of \"\"Don't Want to Know If You Are Lonely\"\" performed by Hüsker Dü on one side, and a cover version by the band Green Day on the other. Side A Side B \"\"Don't Want to Know If You Are Lonely\"\" has been covered by several different artists, including Green Day, who recorded it for an MTV show titled \"\"Influences\"\". The", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 14 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13577730", "chunk_text": "\"Don't Let Me Be Lonely Tonight\"\nDon't Let Me Be Lonely Tonight \"\"Don't Let Me Be Lonely Tonight\"\" is a song written and performed by American singer-songwriter James Taylor, from his 1972 album \"\"One Man Dog\"\". It was released as the lead single from the album, and peaked at #14 on the U.S. \"\"Billboard\"\" Hot 100 on January 13, 1973. It also reached #3 Easy Listening. In Canada, the song reached #18 on the Pop Singles chart and #7 AC. The song has been included on three of Taylor's greatest-hits collection albums: \"\"Greatest Hits\"\" (1976), \"\"Classic Songs\"\" (1987) and \"\"The Best of James Taylor\"\" (2003). Taylor", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 15 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2800836", "chunk_text": "\"Love or Let Me Be Lonely\"\nLove or Let Me Be Lonely \"\"Love or Let Me Be Lonely\"\" is a pop song recorded by the soul group The Friends of Distinction and released as a single in early 1970. The song was a multi-format success, peaking in the top 10 of the \"\"Billboard\"\" Hot 100 at #6 on May 1, 1970 and at #13 on the R&B chart. On the Adult Contemporary singles charts, \"\"Love or Let Me Lonely\"\" went to #9. The song is ranked as the 63rd biggest hit of 1970. The song returned to the charts in the summer of 1982 in a", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 16 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "183711", "chunk_text": "\"Never Be Lonely\"\nNever Be Lonely \"\"Never Be Lonely\"\" is a song by the Feeling. It is the third single from their debut album \"\"Twelve Stops and Home\"\", and was released on 28 August 2006. It entered the UK Singles Chart at number 24 on 27 August 2006 based on download sales alone. The following week it climbed to number 12 as a physical single was now available. The song climbed into the top ten of the UK singles chart in its third week, peaking at number 9. It was nominated for Best Track at the 2006 \"\"Q\"\" Awards, along with Arctic Monkeys'", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 17 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7441900", "chunk_text": "\"I'll Never Be Lonely\"\nI'll Never Be Lonely I'll Never Be Lonely is a song written by Mary Tarver in 1958 and published by Ted Music, BMI. It was first recorded by Gene Summers and His Rebels in 1958 and issued by Jan/Jane Records that same year. \"\"I'll Never Be Lonely\"\" was recorded at Master Recorders in Los Angeles, California in 1958 during the \"\"School of Rock 'n Roll\"\"/\"\"Straight Skirt\"\" sessions. Musicians featured were the original Rebels: Gene Summers on vocals and guitar, James McClung on lead guitar, Gary Moon on drums, and Benny Williams on slap bass. The flipside of \"\"I'll Never Be", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 18 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5555957", "chunk_text": "\"Lonely Won't Leave Me Alone\"\nLonely Won't Leave Me Alone \"\"Lonely Won't Leave Me Alone\"\" is a song co-written by Jermaine Jackson, David Foster, Tom Keane, and Kathy Wakefield. It was recorded by Jackson in 1986, and later by Glenn Medeiros in 1987. \"\"Lonely Won't Leave Me Alone\"\" was originally recorded by Jackson. It was the second single released from his eleventh studio album, \"\"Precious Moments\"\", and his twenty-third single overall. \"\"Lonely Won't Leave Me Alone\"\" was later recorded by American pop artist Glenn Medeiros. It was the second single released from his self-titled debut album. It reached number 67 on the \"\"Billboard\"\" Hot 100", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 19 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15546134", "chunk_text": "\"Gavin DeGraw\"\nGavin DeGraw Gavin Shane DeGraw (born February 4, 1977) is an American musician, singer and songwriter. He rose to fame with the single \"\"I Don't Want to Be\"\" from his debut album \"\"Chariot\"\" which became the theme song for the television drama series \"\"One Tree Hill\"\". Other singles from the album included notably \"\"Chariot\"\" and \"\"Follow Through\"\". His second self-titled album was released in 2008 and included the top-twenty single \"\"In Love with a Girl\"\". In 2009, DeGraw released his third album \"\"Free\"\". His fourth album \"\"Sweeter\"\" (2011) spawned hit single \"\"Not Over You\"\", as well as \"\"Soldier\"\" and \"\"Sweeter\"\".", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 20 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14124372", "chunk_text": "\"Don't Leave Me Lonely\"\nDon't Leave Me Lonely \"\"Don't Leave Me Lonely\"\" is a song by the Canadian musician Bryan Adams featured on his 1983 album \"\"Cuts Like a Knife\"\". Written by Adams, collaborator Jim Vallance and late Kiss drummer Eric Carr, the song's origin dates back to sometime in 1981 or 1982 when Adams was working with the band on material for their \"\"Killers\"\" album. Adams and Carr began working on the song, which Carr wrote the music and lyrics of the chorus before Adams relocated to Canada and finished the song with Vallance. Carr made a demo of the song for possible", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 21 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11507486", "chunk_text": "\"Überjam Deux\"\nÜberjam Deux Überjam Deux is a studio album by jazz musician John Scofield. The record features musicians Avi Bortnick on guitars and sampling, Andy Hess on bass guitar, Adam Deitch and Louis Cato on drums and John Medeski on organ, electric piano and mellotron. The album is a follow-up on the previous \"\"Überjam\"\" record from 2002 and the subsequent 2003 album \"\"Up All Night.\"\" \"\"All songs written by John Scofield, except tracks 4, 8 and 10 which were co-written by Avi Bortnick. \"\"Just Don't Want to Be Lonely\"\" (11) was written by Bobby Eli, John C. Freeman and Vinnie Barrett.\"\"", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 22 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18571649", "chunk_text": "\"You Won't Be Lonely Now\"\nYou Won't Be Lonely Now \"\"You Won't Be Lonely Now\"\" is a song written by Brett James and John Bettis, and recorded by American country music singer Billy Ray Cyrus. It was released in May 2000 as the first single from the album \"\"Southern Rain\"\". The song debuted at number 62 on the Hot Country Singles & Tracks (now Hot Country Songs chart) on July 8, 2000. It was the first of five singles released from the album, as well as the highest-charting single, peaking in the Top 20. \"\"You Won't Be Lonely Now\"\" was Cyrus' last Top 40 country", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 23 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13550769", "chunk_text": "\"Live at Blue Cat Blues\"\nLive at Blue Cat Blues Live At Blue Cat Blues is an album by Los Lonely Boys that was recorded in November 2000 at Blue Cat Blues in Dallas, Texas. It was officially released in 2006. There are several different versions, with a different track order, and in some cases, more or less tracks than listed below; the track list below is the most current and complete available. The titles shown are on the album jacket; titles in parentheses are the common titles for the songs. The song \"\"I Don't Want To Lose Your Love\"\" was selected to be on", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 24 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9537555", "chunk_text": "\"Gyan Evans\"\n\"\"Nobody Wants to Be Lonely\"\" from his album, \"\"Sound Loaded\"\" (November 2000). She signed to Universal Records and worked as a songwriter for US country music singer, LeAnn Rimes. Rimes, who covered Gyan's song \"\"Love Is an Army\"\" on her album \"\"Twisted Angel\"\" (October 2002), recalled: By 2005 Gyan had returned to Australia and lived near Byron Bay. The following year Gyan collaborated with Michael Leunig and released the album \"\"Billy the Rabbit\"\" which was based on Leunig's poetry. According to Gyan: The album contained a duet with Paul Kelly on the track \"\"The Path to Your Door\"\". Released to", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 25 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13014499", "chunk_text": "\"I Don't Want To\"\nI Don't Want To \"\"I Don't Want To\"\" is a song recorded by American R&B singer Toni Braxton for her second studio album, \"\"Secrets\"\" (1996). It was released as the third single from the album on March 11, 1997; in the United States it was released as a double A-side with \"\"I Love Me Some Him\"\". Written and produced by R. Kelly, the R&B ballad describes the agony of a break-up. The song was well received by music critics, who were complimentary about Kelly's production. The single reached the top-ten in Iceland, Ireland and the United Kingdom, and the top-twenty", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 26 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9876172", "chunk_text": "\"You Won't Ever Be Lonely\"\nYou Won't Ever Be Lonely You Won't Ever Be Lonely is the first studio album by country music singer Andy Griggs. Released in 1999 on RCA Records Nashville, the album features the singles \"\"You Won't Ever Be Lonely\"\", \"\"I'll Go Crazy\"\", \"\"She's More\"\" and \"\"You Made Me That Way\"\", all of which were Top 20 hits on the \"\"Billboard\"\" Hot Country Singles & Tracks (now Hot Country Songs) charts between 1999 and 2000. Respectively, these singles reached No. 2, No. 10, No. 2, and No. 19 on that chart. The album has been certified gold by the RIAA. Two Waylon", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 27 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16514051", "chunk_text": "\"Nobody Wants to Be Lonely\"\nKingdom, number 5 in Norway and number six in Australia, among others. It was also certified Gold in Australia, Denmark, Netherlands, Sweden and Switzerland. The song was nominated at the 44th Grammy Awards in the category of Best Pop Collaboration with Vocals, but lost out to \"\"Lady Marmalade\"\" by Christina Aguilera, Lil' Kim, Mýa and Pink. \"\"Nobody Wants to Be Lonely\"\" won an ALMA Award for the Outstanding Music Video. Argentinian promotional CD single Australian CD maxi-single European CD single / US 7\"\" single European CD maxi-single #1 European CD maxi-single #2 / Asian CD maxi-single' European 12\"\" single Japanese", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 28 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16831644", "chunk_text": "\"Blue Magic (album)\"\nlush, dreamy and loss-filled atmosphere of which immediately caught on and became a major hit, topping the R&B chart and reaching No. 8 on the \"\"Billboard\"\" Hot 100. Another track on the album was the lengthy \"\"Just Don't Want to Be Lonely\"\", which Ronnie Dyson had taken into the R&B top 30 in July 1973, then became a bigger hit for New York group The Main Ingredient, whose version reached both the R&B and pop top 10 at around the same time \"\"Blue Magic\"\" was released. \"\"Blue Magic\"\" peaked at No. 4 on the R&B album chart and No. 45", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 29 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16644258", "chunk_text": "\"You Won't Ever Be Lonely (song)\"\nYou Won't Ever Be Lonely (song) \"\"You Won't Ever Be Lonely\"\" is a debut song co-written and recorded by American country music singer Andy Griggs. It was released in November 1998 as his debut single, and was served as the lead-off single and title track from his debut album \"\"You Won't Ever Be Lonely\"\". It peaked at number 2 on the \"\"Billboard\"\" Hot Country Singles & Tracks charts. Griggs wrote the song with Brett Jones. The song debuted at number 73 on the Hot Country Singles & Tracks chart dated December 12, 1998. It charted for 36 weeks on that", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 30 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13577732", "chunk_text": "\"Don't Let Me Be Lonely Tonight\"\nthat theme were usually performed by female artists. The song has been recorded by the following artists: \"\"Don't Let Me Be Lonely Tonight\"\" has also been performed live by artists including George Benson Pat Metheny and Earth Wind and Fire. Don't Let Me Be Lonely Tonight \"\"Don't Let Me Be Lonely Tonight\"\" is a song written and performed by American singer-songwriter James Taylor, from his 1972 album \"\"One Man Dog\"\". It was released as the lead single from the album, and peaked at #14 on the U.S. \"\"Billboard\"\" Hot 100 on January 13, 1973. It also reached #3 Easy Listening.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 31 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5628903", "chunk_text": "\"Don't Want to Know If You Are Lonely\"\nUK band Catherine Wheel recorded a version of the song on their 1992 \"\"30th Century Man\"\" EP. The Swedish rockband Fireside has also recorded a version of the song on the \"\"Hello kids\"\" album. In 2013, Il Cattivo, a Denver-based heavy rock band released a guitar dueling rendition on their second record How To Assess Your Damages. The song was also covered by Australian musician Paul Dempsey. Another notable cover version has been made by the German-based band The Richies in 1993. Don't Want to Know If You Are Lonely \"\"Don't Want to Know If You Are Lonely\"\" is a", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 32 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20666291", "chunk_text": "\"Scared to Be Lonely\"\nScared to Be Lonely \"\"Scared to Be Lonely\"\" is a song recorded by Dutch DJ Martin Garrix and English singer Dua Lipa. It was released on 27 January 2017. Garrix premiered the song at the AVA Festival 2017 in Myanmar in January for New Year. \"\"Scared to Be Lonely\"\" is included on the Complete Edition of Lipa's eponymous debut studio album. The first volume of the official remix EP for the song was released on 17 March 2017, featuring remixes from Brooks, DubVision, Zonderling, Alpharock, Funkin Matt, and Julien Earle. The second volume of the official remix EP was released", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 33 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2800837", "chunk_text": "\"Love or Let Me Be Lonely\"\nversion by Paul Davis, which reached number 40 on the Hot 100 and number 11 on the U.S. Adult Contemporary chart. Love or Let Me Be Lonely \"\"Love or Let Me Be Lonely\"\" is a pop song recorded by the soul group The Friends of Distinction and released as a single in early 1970. The song was a multi-format success, peaking in the top 10 of the \"\"Billboard\"\" Hot 100 at #6 on May 1, 1970 and at #13 on the R&B chart. On the Adult Contemporary singles charts, \"\"Love or Let Me Lonely\"\" went to #9. The song is", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 34 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5555958", "chunk_text": "\"Lonely Won't Leave Me Alone\"\non January 30, 1988. \"\"Lonely Won't Leave Me Alone\"\" was covered in a Cantonese version as \"\"千億個夜晩\"\" (A Hundred Billion Nights)\"\". It was recorded for the album 《千億個夜晚》 by George Lam in 1987. Lonely Won't Leave Me Alone \"\"Lonely Won't Leave Me Alone\"\" is a song co-written by Jermaine Jackson, David Foster, Tom Keane, and Kathy Wakefield. It was recorded by Jackson in 1986, and later by Glenn Medeiros in 1987. \"\"Lonely Won't Leave Me Alone\"\" was originally recorded by Jackson. It was the second single released from his eleventh studio album, \"\"Precious Moments\"\", and his twenty-third single overall. \"\"Lonely", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 35 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16644259", "chunk_text": "\"You Won't Ever Be Lonely (song)\"\nchart, making for the sixth-longest chart run by any country music single in the 1990s decade. The song reached a peak of number 2 on the chart dated May 22, 1999. In addition, it reached the Top 40 on the \"\"Billboard\"\" Hot 100, peaking at number 28 on that chart. You Won't Ever Be Lonely (song) \"\"You Won't Ever Be Lonely\"\" is a debut song co-written and recorded by American country music singer Andy Griggs. It was released in November 1998 as his debut single, and was served as the lead-off single and title track from his debut album \"\"You", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 36 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9981963", "chunk_text": "\"I Don't Want To\"\nthat Jewel, Tony Rich, and No Doubt had already started a mini-trend by using bathrooms as video backdrops.\"\" I Don't Want To \"\"I Don't Want To\"\" is a song recorded by American R&B singer Toni Braxton for her second studio album, \"\"Secrets\"\" (1996). It was released as the third single from the album on March 11, 1997; in the United States it was released as a double A-side with \"\"I Love Me Some Him\"\". Written and produced by R. Kelly, the R&B ballad describes the agony of a break-up. The song was well received by music critics, who were complimentary", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 37 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16514050", "chunk_text": "\"Nobody Wants to Be Lonely\"\nwinner with a 13 million audience jump. Then peaked at number thirteen on the US \"\"Billboard\"\" Hot 100, thanks to its top ten peak on the Hot 100 Airplay. The Spanish-language version of the song, entitled \"\"Solo Quiero Amarte\"\", reached number one on the Hot Latin Songs (for four weeks), Latin Pop Songs (seven weeks) and Tropical Songs (two weeks). The single became a top ten hit in most countries, peaking at number 1 in Finland, New Zealand (for two weeks), Poland and Romania, number 2 in Italy, Spain and Switzerland, number 3 in Sweden, number 4 in the United", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 38 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17509733", "chunk_text": "\"I Don't Want to Be Your Friend\"\nexpress herself, be it in her videos or her music. In fact, it was Nina who revived the whole video trend by the end of 2002.\"\" The video was nominated for Favorite Female Video on the 2005 MTV Pilipinas Music Awards, but Nina lost the award to Rachelle Ann Go's \"\"Love of My Life\"\". I Don't Want to Be Your Friend \"\"I Don't Want to Be Your Friend\"\" is a pop/R&B song written and composed by Diane Warren. It was first recorded by singer Cyndi Lauper for her 1989 album \"\"A Night To Remember\"\". The song was meant to be", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 39 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18571650", "chunk_text": "\"You Won't Be Lonely Now\"\nhit until 2007, when \"\"Ready, Set, Don't Go\"\" reached number 4. William Ruhlmann of Allmusic said that the song \"\"properly displayed the artist's sense of determination against adversity, cloaked in the terms of a love song.\"\" The music video was directed by Jim Shea and premiered in June 2000. You Won't Be Lonely Now \"\"You Won't Be Lonely Now\"\" is a song written by Brett James and John Bettis, and recorded by American country music singer Billy Ray Cyrus. It was released in May 2000 as the first single from the album \"\"Southern Rain\"\". The song debuted at number 62", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 40 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4745139", "chunk_text": "\"Mr. Lonely (album)\"\nMr. Lonely (album) Mr. Lonely is Bobby Vinton's tenth studio album, released in 1964. It was released right after the success of his fourth and final #1 US hit \"\"Mr. Lonely,\"\" a 1962 song that was released as a single after its appearance on \"\"Bobby Vinton's Greatest Hits\"\". Cover versions on this album include \"\"Laughing on the Outside (Crying on the Inside)\"\" and \"\"I'll Never Smile Again\"\". After the success of the single, Vinton released \"\"Bobby Vinton Sings for Lonely Nights\"\", an album of songs devoted to the subject of loneliness. Album – \"\"Billboard\"\" (North America) Singles – \"\"Billboard\"\" (North", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 41 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4061377", "chunk_text": "\"Überjam Deux\"\n\"\"The last track \"\"C.P. Shuffle\"\" was released only in Japan. Überjam Deux Überjam Deux is a studio album by jazz musician John Scofield. The record features musicians Avi Bortnick on guitars and sampling, Andy Hess on bass guitar, Adam Deitch and Louis Cato on drums and John Medeski on organ, electric piano and mellotron. The album is a follow-up on the previous \"\"Überjam\"\" record from 2002 and the subsequent 2003 album \"\"Up All Night.\"\" \"\"All songs written by John Scofield, except tracks 4, 8 and 10 which were co-written by Avi Bortnick. \"\"Just Don't Want to Be Lonely\"\" (11) was", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 42 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3267101", "chunk_text": "\"Lonely Won't Leave Me Alone (Trace Adkins song)\"\nLonely Won't Leave Me Alone (Trace Adkins song) \"\"Lonely Won't Leave Me Alone\"\" is a song written by Jody Alan Sweet and Mary Danna and recorded by American country music artist Trace Adkins. It was released in February 1998 the second single from his album \"\"Big Time\"\", as well as his sixth single overall. The music video was directed by Michael Merriman, and features Adkins walking around the city of Atlanta seeing the memory of his former lover everywhere he goes, including seeing her as a giant. Among the venues identifiable in the video are a MARTA station, the Fox", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 43 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7985762", "chunk_text": "\"Mr. Lonely\"\nMr. Lonely \"\"Mr. Lonely\"\" is a song co-written and recorded by American singer Bobby Vinton. The song was first released on Vinton's 1962 album \"\"Roses Are Red\"\". Vinton began writing the song while serving in the Army. The song describes a soldier who is sent overseas and has no communication with his home. The singer laments his condition and wishes for someone to talk with. The single of Vinton's recording was released just as the Vietnam War was escalating and many soldiers were experiencing a similar situation. Vinton's version was noted for his sobbing emotionally during the second verse. Vinton", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 44 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3191653", "chunk_text": "\"Garry Gary Beers\"\nand backing vocals. Generally playing bass guitar, Beers' double bass work occurs on some INXS tracks including \"\"By My Side\"\". In 1989, while on hiatus from INXS, he joined Absent Friends as bass guitarist. Their No. 7 album, \"\"Here's Looking Up Your Address\"\" (May 1990) spawned the No. 4 hit single, \"\"I Don't Want To Be With Nobody But You\"\". He also plays the guitar, keyboards, ukulele, and is adept at computer programming for song writing and music production. Beers has co-written tracks for INXS including \"\"Listen Like Thieves\"\", \"\"Don't Change\"\", and \"\"Perfect Strangers\"\". From 2008, Beers has been concentrating", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 45 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20410820", "chunk_text": "\"Don't Want to Leave You\"\nDon't Want to Leave You \"\"Don't Want To Leave You\"\" is the third single by the English indie pop band Scouting for Girls to be released from their second studio album, \"\"Everybody Wants to Be on TV\"\". The song was released as a digital download on 8 October 2010, with a CD released on 11 October 2010. Scouting For Girls performed the track \"\"\"\"Don't Want To Leave You\"\"\"\" on 1 October 2010 on the 'National Lottery Euromillions Draw'. The official music video to accompany the single \"\"Don't Want To Leave You\"\" was released on the band's website and YouTube on", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 46 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7110164", "chunk_text": "\"Jerry Peters\"\nJerry Peters Jerry Peters is an American songwriter, record producer, multi-instrumentalist, conductor and arranger. He is best known for writing the hit songs \"\"Love Or Let Me Be Lonely\"\" and \"\"Going In Circles\"\" by The Friends of Distinction. Peters was born in New Orleans, Louisiana, but was reared in Slidell, Louisiana. At the age of 14, Jerry moved to Los Angeles, California, where he attended Susan Miller Dorsey High School. Upon graduating he then attended Los Angeles City College as an art major, while continuing to take music classes. He then transferred to the California Institute of Arts but left", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 47 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7441901", "chunk_text": "\"I'll Never Be Lonely\"\nLonely\"\" was \"\"Twixteen\"\". BILLBOARD MAGAZINE - January 26, 1959 \"\"Reviews of New Pop Records\"\", page 48<br> GENE SUMMERS<br> I'll Never Be Lonely ***<br> JANE 106 - Gene Summers sells this rockaballad with warmth, helped by a chorus and a big beat from the combo. It's in the current groove and has a chance. (Ted, BMI) Gene Summers discography from \"\"Rocky Productions\"\", France<br> Gene Summers discography from \"\"Wangdangdula\"\" Finland<br> Gene Summers session data from \"\"Tapio's Fin-A-Billy\"\", Finland Rockin' Country Style I'll Never Be Lonely I'll Never Be Lonely is a song written by Mary Tarver in 1958 and published by Ted", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 48 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4373429", "chunk_text": "\"Mr. Lonely\"\nfeatures on his debut studio album \"\"Trouble\"\". This song uses a sped-up sample of the earlier song, reminiscent of the fictitious animated singing group Alvin and the Chipmunks. The song was parodied in the 2006 animated film \"\"Flushed Away\"\". Mr. Lonely \"\"Mr. Lonely\"\" is a song co-written and recorded by American singer Bobby Vinton. The song was first released on Vinton's 1962 album \"\"Roses Are Red\"\". Vinton began writing the song while serving in the Army. The song describes a soldier who is sent overseas and has no communication with his home. The singer laments his condition and wishes for", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 49 } ]
test_3471	who was the successful commanding general of the northern forces in the civil war?	n/a	[ "George B. McClellan" ]	[]	n/a	n/a	n/a	[]	[ { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9801415", "chunk_text": "\"Southern Victory\"\nclassified as a political organization and the Mormon leaders are executed, including the historical Brigham Young. The United States' attempt to invade Confederate Virginia is easily thrown back by Gen. Thomas \"\"Stonewall\"\" Jackson as the United States struggles to find a man his equal. A key reason for the Confederate success in the war, in addition to fighting a defensive war, is that the Confederates are led by excellent generals like Jackson, while the United States' military, despite possessing an advantage in numbers and resources, suffers from incompetent leadership. William Rosecrans, the commander of the US Army, says at one", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 0 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9354675", "chunk_text": "\"Robert E. Lee\"\nRobert E. Lee Robert Edward Lee (January 19, 1807 – October 12, 1870) was an American and Confederate soldier, best known as a commander of the Confederate States Army. He commanded the Army of Northern Virginia in the American Civil War from 1862 until his surrender in 1865. A son of Revolutionary War officer Henry \"\"Light Horse Harry\"\" Lee III, Lee was a top graduate of the United States Military Academy and an exceptional officer and military engineer in the United States Army for 32 years. During this time, he served throughout the United States, distinguished himself during the Mexican–American", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 1 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6451734", "chunk_text": "\"John Bell Hood\"\nJohn Bell Hood John Bell Hood (June 1 or June 29, 1831 – August 30, 1879) was a Confederate general during the American Civil War. Hood had a reputation for bravery and aggressiveness that sometimes bordered on recklessness. Arguably one of the best brigade and division commanders in the Confederate States Army, Hood gradually became increasingly ineffective as he was promoted to lead larger, independent commands late in the war; his career and reputation were marred by his decisive defeats leading an army in the Atlanta Campaign and the Franklin–Nashville Campaign. Hood's education at the United States Military Academy led", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 2 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13835723", "chunk_text": "\"American Civil War\"\nrenamed the former Army of Mississippi. While the Confederate forces had numerous successes in the Eastern Theater, they were defeated many times in the West. The Union's key strategist and tactician in the West was Ulysses S. Grant, who won victories at Forts Henry (February 6, 1862) and Donelson (February 11 to 16, 1862), by which the Union seized control of the Tennessee and Cumberland Rivers. Nathan Bedford Forrest rallied nearly 4,000 troops and led them to escape across the Cumberland. Nashville and central Tennessee thus fell to the Union, leading to attrition of local food supplies and livestock and", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 3 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19021697", "chunk_text": "\"Troop engagements of the American Civil War, 1865\"\nSherman's forces reached North Carolina in early March, divided into two parts commanded by Henry W. Slocum and Oliver O. Howard. The Confederate commander in the Carolinas was General P. G. T. Beauregard, but both Confederate President Jefferson Davis and Robert E. Lee considered him unable to handle the situation; on February 22 they appointed General Joseph E. Johnston commander of all Confederate forces in North Carolina, which included the Army of Tennessee. He concentrated his available forces together near Smithfield, hoping to attack and defeat one part of Sherman's army before the other part arrived to its assistance. Johnston", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 4 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9790775", "chunk_text": "\"Ulysses S. Grant and the American Civil War\"\nand butcher who had won only because he waged a brutal war of attrition. Historian Edward H. Bonekemper counters this view and says that Grant was the most successful general of the Civil War, noting that in the West, Grant drove the Confederates out of the Mississippi Valley through a series of battles and campaigns, including Fort Donelson, Vicksburg, and Chattanooga. When Grant was brought back East and put in command of the Union Army, he was able to defeat Lee's Confederate army within a year and effectively brought the war to a close. According to Bonekemper, Grant's Union armies", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 5 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "429339", "chunk_text": "\"Military leadership in the American Civil War\"\nof those officers resigned their commission and in many cases took up arms for the Confederate Army. Himself a graduate of West Point and a former regular officer, Confederate President Jefferson Davis highly prized these valuable recruits to the cause and saw that former regular officers were given positions of authority and responsibility. The land of Davy Crockett and Andrew Jackson, the state military tradition was especially strong in southern states, some of which were until recently frontier areas. Several significant Confederate military leaders emerged from state unit commands. While no foreign power sent troops or commanders directly to assist", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 6 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15274587", "chunk_text": "\"Andrew Jackson Smith\"\nAndrew Jackson Smith Andrew Jackson Smith (April 28, 1815January 30, 1897) was a United States Army general during the American Civil War, rising to the command of a corps. He was most noted for his victory over Confederate General Stephen D. Lee at the Battle of Tupelo, Mississippi, on July 14, 1864. Smith was born in rural Bucks County, Pennsylvania. He graduated from the United States Military Academy in 1838 ranking 36th in a class of 45 graduates. He entered West Point with his kin Langdon C. Easton of St. Louis, who was Chief Quartermaster of General William T. Sherman's", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 7 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3802173", "chunk_text": "\"Siege of Petersburg\"\nWorld War I, earning it a prominent position in military history. It also featured the war's largest concentration of African American troops, who suffered heavy casualties at such engagements as the Battle of the Crater and Chaffin's Farm. In March 1864, Ulysses S. Grant was promoted to lieutenant general and was given command of the Union Army. He devised a coordinated strategy to apply pressure on the Confederacy from many points, something President Abraham Lincoln had urged his generals to do from the beginning of the war. Grant put Maj. Gen. William T. Sherman in immediate command of all forces", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 8 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9790716", "chunk_text": "\"Ulysses S. Grant and the American Civil War\"\nto commander of the District of Cairo. Grant became famous around the nation after capturing Fort Donelson in February 1862 and was promoted to Major General by President Abraham Lincoln. After a series of decisive yet costly battles and victories at Shiloh, Vicksburg, and Chattanooga, Grant was promoted to Lieutenant General by President Lincoln in 1864 and given charge of all the Union Armies. Grant went on to defeat Robert E. Lee after another series of costly battles in the Overland Campaign, Petersburg, and Appomattox. After the Civil War, Grant was given his final promotion of General of the Armed", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 9 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1115217", "chunk_text": "\"Overland Campaign\"\nOverland Campaign The Overland Campaign, also known as Grant's Overland Campaign and the Wilderness Campaign, was a series of battles fought in Virginia during May and June 1864, in the American Civil War. Lt. Gen. Ulysses S. Grant, general-in-chief of all Union armies, directed the actions of the Army of the Potomac, commanded by Maj. Gen. George G. Meade, and other forces against Confederate Gen. Robert E. Lee's Army of Northern Virginia. Although Grant suffered severe losses during the campaign, it was a strategic Union victory. It inflicted proportionately higher losses on Lee's army and maneuvered it into a siege", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 10 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13835718", "chunk_text": "\"American Civil War\"\nLee's army, checked at last, returned to Virginia before McClellan could destroy it. Antietam is considered a Union victory because it halted Lee's invasion of the North and provided an opportunity for Lincoln to announce his Emancipation Proclamation. When the cautious McClellan failed to follow up on Antietam, he was replaced by Maj. Gen. Ambrose Burnside. Burnside was soon defeated at the Battle of Fredericksburg on December 13, 1862, when more than 12,000 Union soldiers were killed or wounded during repeated futile frontal assaults against Marye's Heights. After the battle, Burnside was replaced by Maj. Gen. Joseph Hooker. Hooker, too,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 11 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4160583", "chunk_text": "\"Ulysses S. Grant as commanding general, 1865–1869\"\nUlysses S. Grant as commanding general, 1865–1869 After the Civil War, Ulysses S. Grant spent four years as head of the United States Army in peacetime. With his defeat of Robert E. Lee and the Confederacy, Grant was the most popular man in the country. As the Civil War ended Grant turned his attention to the Plains in the American West where there was numerous conflicts between white settlers, railroads, and Native Americans that resulted in wars between the Natives and the U.S. military. While the attempted Fenian invasion of Canada and French intervention in Mexico took some of his", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 12 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9790747", "chunk_text": "\"Ulysses S. Grant and the American Civil War\"\nin nineteenth-century American history.\"\" When Maj. Gen. William S. Rosecrans was defeated at the Chickamauga in September 1863, the Confederates, led by Braxton Bragg, besieged the Union Army of the Cumberland in Chattanooga. In response, President Lincoln put Grant in charge of the new Military Division of the Mississippi to break the siege at Chattanooga, making Grant the commander of all Western Armies. Grant, who immediately relieved Rosecrans from duty, personally went to Chattanooga to take control of the situation, taking 20,000 troops commanded by Maj. Gen. William T. Sherman from the Army of the Tennessee. Maj. Gen. Joseph Hooker", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 13 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5027553", "chunk_text": "\"Military leadership in the American Civil War\"\nMilitary leadership in the American Civil War Military leadership in the American Civil War was influenced by professional military education and the hard-earned pragmatism of command experience. While not all leaders had formal military training, the United States Military Academy at West Point, New York and the United States Naval Academy at Annapolis created dedicated cadres of professional officers whose understanding of military science had profound effect on the conduct of the American Civil War and whose lasting legacy helped forge the traditions of the modern U.S. officer corps of all service branches. President Abraham Lincoln was Commander-in-Chief of the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 14 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14251237", "chunk_text": "\"Overland Campaign\"\narmy. Maj. Gen. William Tecumseh Sherman succeeded Grant in command of most of the western armies. Grant and President Abraham Lincoln devised a coordinated strategy that would strike at the heart of the Confederacy from multiple directions: Grant, Meade, and Benjamin Butler against Lee near Richmond, Virginia; Franz Sigel in the Shenandoah Valley; Sherman to invade Georgia, defeat Joseph E. Johnston, and capture Atlanta; George Crook and William W. Averell to operate against railroad supply lines in West Virginia; and Nathaniel Banks to capture Mobile, Alabama. This was the first time the Union armies would have a coordinated offensive strategy", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 15 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6269977", "chunk_text": "\"Ulysses S. Grant\"\nUlysses S. Grant Ulysses S. Grant (born Hiram Ulysses Grant; April 27, 1822 – July 23, 1885) was the 18th President of the United States from 1869 to 1877, Commanding General of the Army, soldier, international statesman, and author. During the American Civil War Grant led the Union Army to victory over the Confederacy with the supervision of President Abraham Lincoln. During the Reconstruction Era President Grant led the Republicans in their efforts to remove the vestiges of Confederate nationalism, racism, and slavery. From early childhood in Ohio, Grant was a skilled equestrian who had a talent for taming horses.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 16 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4856893", "chunk_text": "\"Frederick Steele\"\nFrederick Steele Frederick Steele (January 14, 1819 – January 12, 1868) was a career military officer in the United States Army, serving as a major general in the Union Army during the American Civil War. He was most noted for his successful campaign to retake much of secessionist Arkansas for the Union cause. Steele, son of Nathaniel & Dameras (Johnson) Steele, was born in Delhi, New York. He was an 1843 graduate of West Point, and later served in the Mexican–American War, where he participated in many engagements. Steele was meritoriously mentioned for distinguished bravery, and was promoted to first", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 17 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13451279", "chunk_text": "\"Troop engagements of the American Civil War, 1862\"\nLee was able to concentrate his entire army along a series of ridges near Fredericksburg. On December 13, Burnside attacked the Confederate positions and lost heavily; two days later he retreated back across the river and went into winter quarters. In the Western Theater, the Confederate forces, commanded by General Albert S. Johnston, were forced to abandon Kentucky and much of central and western Tennessee following the loss of Fort Donelson and Fort Henry in February. The capture of the two forts turned the Union commander in the battles, Major General Ulysses S. Grant, into a national hero. Johnston, following", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 18 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10045014", "chunk_text": "\"Tennessee in the American Civil War\"\nAndrew Johnson, an East Tennessean from Greeneville, was appointed military governor of the state by Lincoln. During this time, the military government abolished slavery (but with questionable legality). The Confederates continued to hold East Tennessee despite the strength of Unionist sentiment there, with the exception of strongly pro-Confederate Sullivan and Rhea Counties. After winning a victory at Chickamauga in September 1863, the Confederates besieged Chattanooga but were finally driven off by Grant in November. Many of the Confederate defeats can be attributed to the poor leadership of General Braxton Bragg, who led the Army of Tennessee from Shiloh to the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 19 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13835066", "chunk_text": "\"Confederate States Army\"\nArmy of Northern Virginia in an invasion of the North in the Antietam Campaign. The army did not have a formal overall military commander, or general in chief, until late in the war. The Confederate President, Jefferson Davis, himself a former U.S. Army officer and U.S. Secretary of War, served as commander-in-chief and provided the strategic direction for Confederate land and naval forces. The following men had varying degrees of control: The lack of centralized control was a strategic weakness for the Confederacy, and there are few instances of multiple armies acting in concert across multiple theaters to achieve a", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 20 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "694329", "chunk_text": "\"Joseph E. Johnston\"\nachieved the rank of brigadier general as Quartermaster General of the U.S. Army. Johnston's effectiveness in the American Civil War was undercut by tensions with Confederate president Jefferson Davis. Victory eluded him in most campaigns he personally commanded. He was the senior Confederate commander at the First Battle of Bull Run in July 1861, but the victory is usually credited to his subordinate, P.G.T. Beauregard. Johnston defended the Confederate capital of Richmond, Virginia, during the 1862 Peninsula Campaign, withdrawing under the pressure of Union Maj. Gen. George B. McClellan's superior force. He suffered a severe wound at the Battle of", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 21 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1012981", "chunk_text": "\"George Meade\"\nGeorge Meade George Gordon Meade (December 31, 1815 – November 6, 1872) was a career United States Army officer and civil engineer best known for defeating Confederate General Robert E. Lee at the Battle of Gettysburg in the American Civil War. He previously fought with distinction in the Second Seminole War and the Mexican–American War. During the Civil War, he served as a Union general, rising from command of a brigade to command of the Army of the Potomac. Earlier in his career, he was an engineer and was involved in the coastal construction of several lighthouses. Meade's Civil War", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 22 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17814016", "chunk_text": "\"William Tecumseh Sherman\"\nWilliam Tecumseh Sherman William Tecumseh Sherman (February 8, 1820 – February 14, 1891) was an American soldier, businessman, educator, and author. He served as a general in the Union Army during the American Civil War (1861–65), for which he received recognition for his outstanding command of military strategy as well as criticism for the harshness of the scorched earth policies he implemented in conducting total war against the Confederate States. Sherman was born into a prominent political family. He graduated from the United States Military Academy in 1840 and was stated in California. He married Ellen Ewing Sherman and together", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 23 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7137249", "chunk_text": "\"National Union Party (United States)\"\nWhite House: Lincoln did not show the pledge to his cabinet, but asked them to sign the sealed envelope. The complexion of the war changed as the election approached. Confederate Commander Robert E. Lee's last victory in battle occurred June 3, 1864 at Cold Harbor. Union General Ulysses S. Grant's aggressive tactics trapped Lee in the trenches defending Richmond. Admiral David Farragut successfully shut down Mobile Bay as a Confederate resource in the Battle of Mobile Bay on August 3–23, 1864. Most decisive of all, Union General William Tecumseh Sherman captured Atlanta on September 1, 1864, convincing even the pessimists", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 24 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7012594", "chunk_text": "\"Army of Northern Virginia\"\nGustavus Woodson Smith commanded the ANV on May 31, 1862, following the wounding of Gen. J. E. Johnston during the Battle of Seven Pines. With Smith seemingly having a nervous breakdown, President Jefferson Davis drafted orders to place Gen. Robert E. Lee in command the following day. On June 1, 1862, its most famous and final leader, General Robert E. Lee, took command after Johnston was wounded, and Smith suffered what may have been a nervous breakdown, at the Battle of Seven Pines. William Whiting received permanent command of Smith's division, while Richard Anderson reverted to brigade command. Longstreet served", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 25 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15723911", "chunk_text": "\"Eastern Theater of the American Civil War\"\nhis mission, withholding over 50,000 needed troops from McClellan. With the success of his Valley Campaign, Stonewall Jackson became the most celebrated soldier in the Confederacy (until he was eventually eclipsed by Lee) and lifted the morale of the public. In a classic military campaign of surprise and maneuver, he pressed his army to travel 646 miles (1,040 km) in 48 days of marching and won five significant victories with a force of about 17,000 against combined foes of 60,000. George B. McClellan spent the winter of 1861–62 training his new Army of the Potomac and fighting off calls from", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 26 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8874203", "chunk_text": "\"Albert Sidney Johnston\"\nAlbert Sidney Johnston Albert Sidney Johnston (February 2, 1803 – April 6, 1862) served as a general in three different armies: the Texian (\"\"i.e.\"\" Republic of Texas) Army, the United States Army, and the Confederate States Army. He saw extensive combat during his 34-year military career, fighting actions in the Black Hawk War, the Texas War of Independence, the Mexican–American War, the Utah War, and the American Civil War. Considered by Confederate States President Jefferson Davis to be the finest general officer in the Confederacy before the later emergence of Robert E. Lee, he was killed early in the Civil", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 27 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6251110", "chunk_text": "\"Stonewall Jackson\"\nStonewall Jackson Thomas Jonathan \"\"Stonewall\"\" Jackson (January 21, 1824 – May 10, 1863) served as a Confederate general (1861–1863) during the American Civil War, and became one of the best-known Confederate commanders after General Robert E. Lee. Jackson played a prominent role in nearly all military engagements in the Eastern Theater of the war until his death, and played a key role in winning many significant battles. Born in what was then part of Virginia, Jackson received an appointment to the United States Military Academy at West Point, served in the U.S. Army during the Mexican–American War of 1846–1848 and", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 28 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7232223", "chunk_text": "\"Western Theater of the American Civil War\"\nheart of the Confederacy. Bragg, whose personal friendship with Confederate President Jefferson Davis saved his command following his defeats at Perryville and Stones River, was finally relieved of duty and replaced by General Joseph E. Johnston. In March 1864, Grant was promoted to lieutenant general and went east to assume command of all the Union armies. Sherman succeeded him in command of the Military Division of the Mississippi. Grant devised a strategy for simultaneous advances across the Confederacy. It was intended to destroy or fix Robert E. Lee's army in Virginia with three major thrusts (under Meade, Butler, and Sigel)", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 29 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8565431", "chunk_text": "\"Slavery during the American Civil War\"\nbureau, and Magruder was known for his ability to usually succeed in appeals to slaveholder patriotism to acquire slaves rather than impressment. In the West, General Nathan Bedford Forrest led numerous cavalry raids where he captured many slaves who had fled behind Union lines, often sending excess to other commands. Confederate forces also made raids on Union controlled plantations in the south, particularly along the Mississippi river. When Confederate forces marched North, such as during the Gettysburg campaign under Robert E. Lee, Confederates in Pennsylvania rounded up as many blacks as possible, whether they were free before the war or", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 30 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4844166", "chunk_text": "\"Union Army\"\nbut was more of an administrator than a strategic planner and commander. Ulysses S. Grant was the final commander of the Union Army. He was famous for his victories in the West when he was appointed lieutenant general and general-in-chief of the Union Army in March 1864. Grant supervised the Army of the Potomac (which was formally led by his subordinate, Maj. Gen. George G. Meade) in delivering the final blows to the Confederacy by engaging Confederate forces in many fierce battles in Virginia, the Overland Campaign, conducting a war of attrition that the larger Union Army was able to", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 31 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17814092", "chunk_text": "\"William Tecumseh Sherman\"\nand was a 32-cent stamp. With five different issues to his name, Sherman has featured more prominently in US postage than most US presidents. William Tecumseh Sherman William Tecumseh Sherman (February 8, 1820 – February 14, 1891) was an American soldier, businessman, educator, and author. He served as a general in the Union Army during the American Civil War (1861–65), for which he received recognition for his outstanding command of military strategy as well as criticism for the harshness of the scorched earth policies he implemented in conducting total war against the Confederate States. Sherman was born into a prominent", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 32 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16245705", "chunk_text": "\"Battle of Cedar Creek\"\nhis troops to hold a new defensive line. A Union counterattack that afternoon routed Early's army. At the conclusion of this battle, the final Confederate invasion of the North was effectively ended. The Confederacy was never again able to threaten Washington, D.C. through the Shenandoah Valley, nor protect one of its key economic bases in Virginia. The stunning Union victory aided the reelection of Abraham Lincoln and won Sheridan lasting fame. At the beginning of 1864, Ulysses S. Grant was promoted to lieutenant general and given command of all Union armies. He chose to make his headquarters with the Army", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 33 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18879002", "chunk_text": "\"Stand Watie\"\nStand Watie Stand Watie () (December 12, 1806 – September 9, 1871) — also known as Standhope Uwatie, Tawkertawker, and Isaac S. Watie — was a leader of the Cherokee Nation, and the only Native American to attain a general's rank in the Confederate States Army during the American Civil War. He commanded the Confederate Indian cavalry of the Army of the Trans-Mississippi, made up mostly of Cherokee, Muskogee and Seminole, and was the final Confederate general in the field to cease hostilities at war's end. Prior to removal of the Cherokee to Indian Territory in the late 1830s, Watie", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 34 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7563384", "chunk_text": "\"Historical reputation of Ulysses S. Grant\"\nAmerican national identity and memory\"\", when millions turned out for his funeral procession in 1885. Grant was the most successful Union General of the Civil War, defeating six Confederate armies and capturing three. He was criticized over the Battle of Shiloh after the public learned that this victory came with unprecedented losses of life, and again during the Overland Campaign for the same reason. Despite the criticism, once Lee surrendered to Grant at Appomattox he was largely praised throughout the North as the man who had won the war. Not surprisingly, general opinion of Grant in the South was much", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 35 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5770914", "chunk_text": "\"Martin Luther Smith\"\nMartin Luther Smith Martin Luther Smith (September 9, 1819 – July 29, 1866) was an American soldier and civil engineer, serving as a major general in the Confederate States Army. Smith was one of the few Northern-born generals to fight for the Confederacy, as he had served most of his early military career in the South with the United States Army's topographical engineers, marrying a native of Athens, Georgia. He planned and constructed the defenses of Vicksburg. Smith was born in Danby, New York, where his father had settled after moving from Maine. In 1842, he graduated 16th in his", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 36 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7741613", "chunk_text": "\"Knoxville Campaign\"\nled elements of the Army of the Tennessee and other troops to Burnside's relief after Union troops had broken the Confederate siege of Chattanooga. Although Longstreet was one of Gen. Robert E. Lee's best corps commanders in the East in the Army of Northern Virginia, he was unsuccessful in his role as an independent commander in the West and accomplished little in the Knoxville Campaign. The mountainous, largely Unionist region of East Tennessee was considered by President Abraham Lincoln to be a key war objective. Besides possessing a population largely loyal to the Union, the region was rich in grain", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 37 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1028808", "chunk_text": "\"Joseph Finegan\"\nJoseph Finegan Joseph Finegan, sometimes Finnegan (November 17, 1814 – October 29, 1885), was an Irish-born American businessman and brigadier general for the Confederate States Army during the American Civil War. From 1862 to 1864 he commanded Confederate forces operating in Middle and East Florida, ultimately leading the Confederate victory at the Battle of Olustee, the state's only major battle. He subsequently led the Florida Brigade in the Army of Northern Virginia until near the end of the war. Before the war, Finegan was a politician, attorney, lumber mill operator, slave owner, and railroad builder. He returned to business after", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 38 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10360806", "chunk_text": "\"Conclusion of the American Civil War\"\nto Union control on April 12, 1865. Reports reached Taylor of the meeting between Johnston and Sherman about the terms of Johnston's surrender of his armies. Taylor agreed to meet with Major General Edward R. S. Canby for a conference north of Mobile, and they settled on a 48 hour's truce on April 30. Taylor agreed to a surrender after this time elapsed, which he did on May 4 at Citronelle, Alabama. Lieutenant General Nathan Bedford Forrest surrendered on May 9 at Gainesville, Alabama. His troops were included with Taylor's. The terms stated that Taylor could retain control of the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 39 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15274593", "chunk_text": "\"Andrew Jackson Smith\"\nand was mustered out of the volunteers on January 15, 1866. He then became colonel of the U.S. 7th Cavalry Regiment, serving in the American West. He retired from the military service in April 1869 to become postmaster of St. Louis, Missouri, where he died on January 30, 1897. He was buried at Bellefontaine Cemetery in St. Louis. Andrew Jackson Smith Andrew Jackson Smith (April 28, 1815January 30, 1897) was a United States Army general during the American Civil War, rising to the command of a corps. He was most noted for his victory over Confederate General Stephen D. Lee", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 40 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11595896", "chunk_text": "\"Wilson's Raid\"\nWilson's Raid Wilson's Raid was a cavalry operation through Alabama and Georgia in March–April 1865, late in the American Civil War. Brig. Gen. James H. Wilson led his Union Army Cavalry Corps to destroy Southern manufacturing facilities and was opposed unsuccessfully by a much smaller force under Confederate Lt. Gen. Nathan Bedford Forrest. After his victory at the Battle of Nashville, Union Maj. Gen. George H. Thomas and his Army of the Cumberland found themselves with virtually no organized military opposition in the heart of the South. Thomas ordered Brig. Gen. James H. Wilson (who commanded the Cavalry Corps of", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 41 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20601203", "chunk_text": "\"Western Theater of the American Civil War\"\n1863 Tullahoma Campaign while fighting against the Confederate Army of Tennessee, whose commander, Braxton Bragg, was often criticized for his alleged lack of military skill. The Union army was briefly checked in its invasion of Georgia at the Battle of Chickamauga, and besieged at Chattanooga. Grant, now commanding the newly created Military Division of the Mississippi, took command, and received reinforcements from the Army of Tennessee, as well as from the eastern Army of the Potomac. The siege of Chattanooga was lifted in November 1863. Following his elevation by Abraham Lincoln to General-in-Chief, Grant put Maj. Gen. William Tecumseh Sherman", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 42 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11015341", "chunk_text": "\"American Civil War\"\nArmy of Tennessee to Major General William T. Sherman at the Bennett Place near present-day Durham, North Carolina. It proved to be the largest surrender of Confederate forces, effectively bringing the war to an end. President Johnson officially declared a virtual end to the insurrection on May 9, 1865; President Jefferson Davis was captured the following day. On June 2, Kirby Smith officially surrendered his troops in the Trans-Mississippi Department. On June 23, Cherokee leader Stand Watie became the last Confederate general to surrender his forces. The causes of the war, the reasons for its outcome, and even the name", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 43 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6043008", "chunk_text": "\"American Civil War\"\nof the Appalachian Mountains, including the states of Virginia, West Virginia, Maryland, and Pennsylvania, the District of Columbia, and the coastal fortifications and seaports of North Carolina. Maj. Gen. George B. McClellan took command of the Union Army of the Potomac on July 26 (he was briefly general-in-chief of all the Union armies, but was subsequently relieved of that post in favor of Maj. Gen. Henry W. Halleck), and the war began in earnest in 1862. The 1862 Union strategy called for simultaneous advances along four axes: The primary Confederate force in the Eastern theater was the Army of Northern", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 44 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13835722", "chunk_text": "\"American Civil War\"\nforces in the Western theater were the Army of the Tennessee and the Army of the Cumberland, named for the two rivers, the Tennessee River and Cumberland River. After Meade's inconclusive fall campaign, Lincoln turned to the Western Theater for new leadership. At the same time, the Confederate stronghold of Vicksburg surrendered, giving the Union control of the Mississippi River, permanently isolating the western Confederacy, and producing the new leader Lincoln needed, Ulysses S. Grant. The primary Confederate force in the Western theater was the Army of Tennessee. The army was formed on November 20, 1862, when General Braxton Bragg", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 45 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14173070", "chunk_text": "\"Military Division of the Mississippi\"\nadded on March 26, 1866. The Military Division of the Mississippi was discontinued on August 6, 1866. The Division of the Mississippi was victorious at the Battle of Chattanooga in November 1863, effectively routing the Confederate armies in Tennessee. When General Grant was called East by Lincoln to command all the Union armies, he was succeeded as head of the Division by Maj. Gen. William Tecumseh Sherman. Under Sherman, the Division invaded the state of Georgia, capturing Atlanta in September 1864 and then marching to the port of Savannah. As commander of the Division, General Sherman issued his Special Field", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 46 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4160612", "chunk_text": "\"Ulysses S. Grant as commanding general, 1865–1869\"\nelected after the nation had outlawed slavery and granted citizenship to former slaves. Implementation of these new rights was slow to come; in the 1868 election, the black vote counted in only 16 of the 37 states, nearly all in the South. Grant lost Louisiana and Georgia primarily due to Ku Klux Klan violence against African American voters. Ulysses S. Grant as commanding general, 1865–1869 After the Civil War, Ulysses S. Grant spent four years as head of the United States Army in peacetime. With his defeat of Robert E. Lee and the Confederacy, Grant was the most popular man", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 47 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3939913", "chunk_text": "\"Abraham Lincoln\"\nunderstood the necessity of defeating the enemy's army, rather than simply capturing territory. After the Union rout at Bull Run, the first major battle of the Civil War, and the retirement of the aged Winfield Scott in late 1861, Lincoln appointed Major General George B. McClellan general-in-chief of all the Union armies. McClellan, a young West Point graduate, railroad executive, and Pennsylvania Democrat, took several months to plan and attempt his Peninsula Campaign, longer than Lincoln wanted. The campaign's objective was to capture Richmond by moving the Army of the Potomac by boat to the peninsula and then overland to", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 48 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4224153", "chunk_text": "\"Battle of Spotsylvania Court House\"\nCampaign continued toward the Battle of North Anna. In March 1864, Grant was summoned from the Western Theater, promoted to lieutenant general, and given command of all Union armies. He chose to make his headquarters with the Army of the Potomac, although Maj. Gen. George G. Meade remained the actual commander of that army. He left Maj. Gen. William Tecumseh Sherman in command of most of the western armies. Grant and President Abraham Lincoln devised a coordinated strategy that would strike at the heart of the Confederacy from multiple directions, including attacks against Lee near Richmond, Virginia, and in the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 49 } ]
test_3472	who sang the original song send in the clowns?	n/a	[ "Glynis Johns", "the actress Glynis Johns" ]	[]	n/a	n/a	n/a	[]	[ { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1875159", "chunk_text": "\"Send In the Clowns\"\nRawls. In 1985, Sondheim added a verse for Barbra Streisand to use in her concert performances and recording, which was included on \"\"The Broadway Album\"\". In 1986, her version reached No.25 on the Billboard Hot Adult Contemporary chart. The song has become a jazz standard with performances by Count Basie, Sarah Vaughan, the Stan Kenton Orchestra and many others. The song appears on over 900 records by hundreds of performers in a variety of arrangements. The drum corps Santa Clara Vanguard performed an arrangement of this song as part of their musical program in 1974, when the corps won its", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 0 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12838323", "chunk_text": "\"Send In the Clowns\"\nand uses a complex compound meter. It became Sondheim's most popular song after Frank Sinatra recorded it in 1973 and Judy Collins' version charted in 1975 and 1977. Subsequently, numerous other artists recorded the song, and it has become a jazz standard. The \"\"clowns\"\" in the title do not refer to circus clowns. Instead, they symbolize fools, as Sondheim explained in a 1990 interview: In a 2008 interview, Sondheim further clarified: Judi Dench, who performed the role of Desirée in London, commented on the context of the song during an interview with Alan Titchmarsh. The play is \"\"a dark play", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 1 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1875158", "chunk_text": "\"Send In the Clowns\"\nsingle. Two years later Judy Collins recorded \"\"Send in the Clowns\"\" for her album \"\"Judith\"\". The song was released as a single, which soon became a major pop hit. It remained on the \"\"Billboard\"\" Hot 100 for 11 weeks in 1975, reaching Number 36. In 1977 the song again reached the Billboard Hot 100, where it remained for 16 weeks and reached Number 19. At the Grammy Awards of 1976, the Judy Collins performance of the song was named Song of the Year. After Sinatra and Collins recorded the song, it was recorded by Bing Crosby, Kenny Rogers, and Lou", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 2 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12838334", "chunk_text": "\"Send In the Clowns\"\nwhat I want. Sorry, my dear,\"\" the performer must communicate the connection between the \"\"want\"\" and the \"\"sorry\"\". Similarly, Sondheim insists that performers separately enunciate the adjacent \"\"t\"\"'s in the line, \"\"There ought to be clowns.\"\" The musical and the song debuted on Broadway in 1973. The song became popular with theater audiences but had not become a pop hit. Sondheim explained how the song became a hit: Frank Sinatra recorded \"\"Send in the Clowns\"\" in 1973 for his album \"\"Ol' Blue Eyes Is Back\"\", which attained gold status. Gordon Jenkins arranged the song. It was also released as a", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 3 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12838321", "chunk_text": "\"Send In the Clowns\"\nSend In the Clowns \"\"Send In the Clowns\"\" is a song written by Stephen Sondheim for the 1973 musical \"\"A Little Night Music\"\", an adaptation of Ingmar Bergman's film \"\"Smiles of a Summer Night\"\". It is a ballad from Act Two, in which the character Desirée reflects on the ironies and disappointments of her life. Among other things, she looks back on an affair years earlier with the lawyer Fredrik, who was deeply in love with her but whose marriage proposals she had rejected. Meeting him after so long, she realizes she is in love with him and finally ready", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 4 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2124323", "chunk_text": "\"Judith (album)\"\nJudith (album) Judith is American singer and songwriter Judy Collins' 12th studio album, released in 1975 by Elektra Records in both stereo (7E-1032) and CD-4 quadraphonic (EQ-1032) versions. It peaked at No. 17 on the Billboard Pop Albums chart, and is her best-selling studio album to date, achieving Platinum status in the mid 1990s. Collins received a Grammy Award nomination for Best Pop Vocal Performance, Female for her cover of Stephen Sondheim's \"\"Send in the Clowns\"\". Sondheim won the Grammy Award for Song of the Year that same year, based on the popularity of Collins' performance of the song on", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 5 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1875160", "chunk_text": "\"Send In the Clowns\"\nsecond DCI World Championship. Originally arranged by Gail Royer, the song is still played by the brass on special occasions. Send In the Clowns \"\"Send In the Clowns\"\" is a song written by Stephen Sondheim for the 1973 musical \"\"A Little Night Music\"\", an adaptation of Ingmar Bergman's film \"\"Smiles of a Summer Night\"\". It is a ballad from Act Two, in which the character Desirée reflects on the ironies and disappointments of her life. Among other things, she looks back on an affair years earlier with the lawyer Fredrik, who was deeply in love with her but whose marriage", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 6 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12838322", "chunk_text": "\"Send In the Clowns\"\nto marry him, but now it is he who rejects her: he is in an unconsummated marriage with a much younger woman. Desirée proposes marriage to rescue him from this situation, but he declines, citing his dedication to his bride. Reacting to his rejection, Desirée sings this song. The song is later reprised as a coda after Fredrik's young wife runs away with his son, and Fredrik is finally free to accept Desirée's offer. Sondheim wrote the song specifically for Glynis Johns, who created the role of Desirée on Broadway. The song is structured with four verses and a bridge,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 7 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2684806", "chunk_text": "\"Judy Collins\"\nNew York City. Collins has received four Grammy Award nominations for Best Folk Performance or Folk Recording, one for Best Folk Album and one for Best Female Pop Vocal Performance. Stephen Sondheim won the 1976 Grammy Award for Song of the Year based on the popularity of Collins' performance of \"\"Send In The Clowns\"\" on her album \"\"Judith\"\". (The song was named \"\"Song of the Year\"\".) Other awards Judy Collins Judith Marjorie Collins (born May 1, 1939) is an American singer and songwriter known for her eclectic tastes in the material she records (which has included folk music, show tunes,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 8 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17013874", "chunk_text": "\"Santa Clara Vanguard Drum and Bugle Corps\"\nthe Vanguard Community Arts Initiative which provides music education programs to the community, including private music lessons and performing ensembles such as the SCV Big Band and the SCV Youth Brass Ensemble. Source: \"\"Gold background indicates DCI Championship; pale blue background indicates DCI Class Finalist; pale green background indicates DCI semifinalist.\"\" SCV's corps song is Stephen Sondheim's \"\"Send In the Clowns\"\" from the musical \"\"A Little Night Music.\"\" The corps first performed the song as part of the musical program in 1974, when the corps won its second DCI World Championship. Originally arranged by Gail Royer, the song is played", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 9 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6263767", "chunk_text": "\"Judy Collins\"\nfor Best Folk Performance. She enjoyed further success with her recordings of \"\"Someday Soon\"\", \"\"Chelsea Morning\"\", \"\"Amazing Grace\"\", and \"\"Cook with Honey\"\". Collins experienced the biggest success of her career with her recording of Stephen Sondheim's \"\"Send in the Clowns\"\" from her best-selling 1975 album \"\"Judith\"\". The single charted on the \"\"Billboard\"\" Pop Singles chart in 1975 and then again in 1977, spending 27 non-consecutive weeks on the chart and earning Collins a Grammy Award nomination for Best Pop Vocal Performance, Female, as well as a Grammy Award for Sondheim for Song of the Year. Collins was born the eldest", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 10 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16711776", "chunk_text": "\"And Their Refinement of the Decline\"\ntime of the album's release, their captain was ex-United States soccer international Brian McBride, who shares the same name as Brian McBride from Stars of the Lid. The track \"\"Don't Bother They're Here\"\" uses the melody of Stephen Sondheim's 1973 song \"\"Send in the Clowns\"\". And Their Refinement of the Decline And Their Refinement of the Decline is the seventh studio album by Stars of the Lid, which was released by Kranky in April 2007. The album was Kranky's 100th release, and was issued as a double CD and as a triple vinyl LP set (featuring alternate artwork). \"\"And Their", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 11 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8077233", "chunk_text": "\"Judith (album)\"\nPlatinum in 1996, for sales of over 1,000,000 copies. Judith (album) Judith is American singer and songwriter Judy Collins' 12th studio album, released in 1975 by Elektra Records in both stereo (7E-1032) and CD-4 quadraphonic (EQ-1032) versions. It peaked at No. 17 on the Billboard Pop Albums chart, and is her best-selling studio album to date, achieving Platinum status in the mid 1990s. Collins received a Grammy Award nomination for Best Pop Vocal Performance, Female for her cover of Stephen Sondheim's \"\"Send in the Clowns\"\". Sondheim won the Grammy Award for Song of the Year that same year, based on", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 12 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16156123", "chunk_text": "\"Krusty Gets Kancelled\"\nanimation, director David Silverman xeroxed several drawings and made the animation very jerky. The scene where Krusty sings \"\"Send in the Clowns\"\" was very tricky for the animators because it involves two shots of the same scene from different angles. Parts of the scene were animated by Brad Bird. Frank Sinatra's 1973 rendition of the song \"\"Send in the Clowns\"\" from \"\"Ol' Blue Eyes Is Back\"\" is parodied in the episode, and Krusty sings the altered lyrics: \"\"Send in those soulful and doleful, schmaltz-by-the-bowlful clowns\"\" in a musical number of his comeback special. Gabbo's name comes from the 1929 film", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 13 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14762528", "chunk_text": "\"The Tears of a Clown\"\nThe Tears of a Clown \"\"The Tears of a Clown\"\" is a song written by Hank Cosby, Smokey Robinson, and Stevie Wonder and originally recorded by Smokey Robinson & the Miracles for the Tamla Records label subsidiary of Motown, first appearing on the 1967 album \"\"Make It Happen.\"\" It was re-released in the United Kingdom as a single in July 1970, and it became a #1 hit on the UK Singles Chart for the week ending 12 September 1970. Subsequently, Motown released \"\"The Tears of a Clown\"\" as a single in the United States as well, where it quickly became", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 14 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1875147", "chunk_text": "\"Send In the Clowns\"\nyoung wife runs away with his son, so he is free to accept Desirée's proposal, and the song is reprised as a coda. Sondheim wrote the lyrics and music over a two-day period during rehearsals for the play's Broadway debut, specifically for the actress Glynis Johns, who created the role of Desirée. According to Sondheim, \"\"Glynis had a lovely, crystal voice, but sustaining notes was not her thing. I wanted to write short phrases, so I wrote a song full of questions\"\" and the song's melody is within a small music range: The lyrics of the song are written in", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 15 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "912409", "chunk_text": "\"Rose Marie McCoy\"\nis most often associated with songs recorded by R&B artists of the 1950s and 60s, Rose Marie McCoy has written many jazz, pop, rock 'n' roll, country, and gospel songs. Jazz vocalist Jimmy Scott recorded nine of her tunes, and Sarah Vaughan recorded six of her songs, five of them on the singer's 1974 album \"\"Send in the Clowns\"\"'. Many other artists have recorded some of the over 800 songs she published, including but not limited to: Pearl Bailey, Maxine Brown, Shirley Caesar, Les Paul & Mary Ford, Patti Page, Debbie Reynolds, Lenny Welch, Dinah Washington, Barbara Lewis, Del Shannon,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 16 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14182745", "chunk_text": "\"The Electric Co.\"\nbeginning \"\"The Electric Co\"\". The riff from \"\"The Cry\"\" was later used in the song \"\"Is That All?\"\" from the group's 1981 album \"\"October\"\". \"\"The Electric Co.\"\" was sometimes titled \"\"Cry/The Electric Co.\"\" because it was preceded by \"\"The Cry\"\". In the studio version of \"\"The Electric Co.\"\" found on \"\"Boy\"\", \"\"The Cry\"\" is not incorporated in the song. \"\"The Cry\"\" preceded \"\"The Electric Co.\"\" at every concert since 1980 in Edinburgh until the end of The Unforgettable Fire Tour. During this period, Bono sang a snippet of \"\"Send in the Clowns\"\" by Stephen Sondheim at the end of the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 17 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14038967", "chunk_text": "\"I Only Have Eyes for You (Johnny Mathis album)\"\nUK singles chart. \"\"Send in the Clowns\"\" originated in the 1973 Broadway musical \"\"A Little Night Music\"\" and won the Grammy Award for Song of the Year. The hit version of the song by Judy Collins first peaked at number 36 pop, number eight Easy Listening, and number six in the UK upon its initial release in 1975, and the reissue of her recording in 1977 that coincided with the release of the film version of the musical in the US made it to number 19 pop and number 15 Easy Listening. \"\"Every Time You Touch Me (I Get High)\"\"", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 18 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9184666", "chunk_text": "\"Be a Clown\"\nthe film \"\"Singin' in the Rain\"\" appears to be very similar to \"\"Be a Clown,\"\" although Cole Porter did not make a complaint. Both films were Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer productions and starred Kelly, who appeared in (but did not sing) the \"\"Make 'Em Laugh\"\" segment of the latter film in which the song was performed by Donald O'Connor. Be a Clown \"\"Be a Clown\"\" is a song written by Cole Porter for the 1948 film \"\"The Pirate\"\". The song was performed twice in the film: first by Gene Kelly and The Nicholas Brothers and then at the end of the film by", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 19 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14762536", "chunk_text": "\"The Tears of a Clown\"\na popular radio request. There is some uncertainty about who from the Motown session musicians The Funk Brothers played bass on the recording. Variously Tony Newton, Bob Babbitt, and James Jamerson have been noted as playing on takes of the song. The Tears of a Clown \"\"The Tears of a Clown\"\" is a song written by Hank Cosby, Smokey Robinson, and Stevie Wonder and originally recorded by Smokey Robinson & the Miracles for the Tamla Records label subsidiary of Motown, first appearing on the 1967 album \"\"Make It Happen.\"\" It was re-released in the United Kingdom as a single in", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 20 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9184665", "chunk_text": "\"Be a Clown\"\nBe a Clown \"\"Be a Clown\"\" is a song written by Cole Porter for the 1948 film \"\"The Pirate\"\". The song was performed twice in the film: first by Gene Kelly and The Nicholas Brothers and then at the end of the film by Kelly and Judy Garland. It was also sung in \"\"Mickey's Fun Songs: Let's Go To The Circus\"\" although some of the lyrics were changed. The song was featured in an episode of \"\"Land of the Giants\"\" and also in the 2004 film \"\"De-Lovely\"\". The song \"\"Make 'Em Laugh\"\" (by Nacio Herb Brown and Arthur Freed) in", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 21 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3516692", "chunk_text": "\"Sarah Vaughan\"\nand moving it to alter her volume. She frequently used the song \"\"Send in the Clowns\"\" to demonstrate her vocal abilities in live performance. The performance was called \"\"three-octave tour de force of semi-improvisational pyrotechnics in which the jazz, pop and operatic sides of her musical personality came together and found complete expression\"\" by \"\"The New York Times\"\". Singers influenced by Vaughan include Phoebe Snow, Anita Baker, Sade, and Rickie Lee Jones. Singers Carmen McRae and Dianne Reeves both recorded tribute albums to Vaughan following her death; \"\"\"\" (1991) and \"\"\"\" (2001) respectively. Though usually considered a jazz singer, Vaughan", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 22 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12838330", "chunk_text": "\"Send In the Clowns\"\nfour verses and a bridge and sung by Desirée. As Sondheim explains, Desirée experiences both deep regret and furious anger: The song was originally performed in the key of D flat major. The song uses an unusual and complex meter, which alternates between 12/8 and 9/8. These are two complex compound meters that evoke the sense of a waltz used throughout the score of the show. Sondheim tells the story: \"\"Send in the Clowns\"\" is performed in two completely different styles: dramatic and lyric. The dramatic style is the theatrical performance by Desirée, and this style emphasizes Desirée's feelings of", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 23 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3221694", "chunk_text": "\"Cowboys and Clowns\"\nCowboys and Clowns \"\"Cowboys and Clowns\"\" is a song written by Steve Dorff, Snuff Garrett, Gary Harju and Larry Herbstritt, and recorded by American country music artist Ronnie Milsap. It was released in June 1980 and is featured on the soundtrack for the film \"\"Bronco Billy\"\". The song was Ronnie Milsap's fifteenth number one on the country chart. The single stayed number one for one week and spent a total of twelve weeks on the country chart. The B-side, \"\"Misery Loves Company,\"\" was a cover of a 1962 No. 1 country hit by Porter Wagoner. The song earned enough airplay", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 24 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11380961", "chunk_text": "\"Make 'Em Laugh\"\nMake 'Em Laugh \"\"Make 'Em Laugh\"\" is a song first featured in the 1952 film \"\"Singin' in the Rain\"\", frenetically performed by Donald O'Connor. Written by Nacio Herb Brown and Arthur Freed, the song is closely based on Cole Porter's \"\"Be a Clown\"\". It finished at #49 in AFI's 100 Years...100 Songs survey of top tunes in American cinema. O'Connor's song-and-dance routine in \"\"Singin' in the Rain\"\" is noted for its extreme physical difficulty, featuring dozens of jumps, pratfalls, and two backflips. Hollywood legend states that O'Connor, though only 27 years old at the time and a chain-smoker, was bedridden", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 25 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15379799", "chunk_text": "\"A Little Night Music\"\nthat the \"\"contrapuntal episodes in the extended ensembles ... stand as testament to his interest in Counterpoint.\"\" The show's best-known and Sondheim's biggest hit song was almost an afterthought, written several days before the start of out-of-town tryouts. Sondheim initially conceived Desiree as a role for a more or less non-singing actress. When he discovered that the original Desiree, Glynis Johns, was able to sing (she had a \"\"small, silvery voice\"\") but could not \"\"sustain a phrase\"\", he devised the song \"\"Send in the Clowns\"\" for her in a way that would work around her vocal weakness, e.g., by ending", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 26 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12694160", "chunk_text": "\"Cathy's Clown\"\nCathy's Clown \"\"Cathy's Clown\"\" is a popular song, written and recorded by The Everly Brothers, in which the singer informs Cathy that \"\"[I] don't want your love anymore.\"\" The musicians included the Everlys on guitars, Floyd Cramer on piano, Floyd Chance on bass and Buddy Harman on drums. The distinctive drum sound was achieved by recording the drums with a tape loop, making it sound as if there were two drummers. \"\"Cathy's Clown\"\" was The Everly Brothers' first single for Warner Bros., after they had recorded for Archie Bleyer's Cadence label for three years. It sold eight million copies worldwide,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 27 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2638857", "chunk_text": "\"Sarah Vaughan\"\nand hated the album cover depicting a clown with an afro. She filed a lawsuit against Shad in 1975 on the belief that the cover was inconsistent with the formal, sophisticated image she projected on stage. She also contended that the album \"\"Sarah Vaughan: Live at the Holiday Inn Lesotho\"\" had an incorrect title and that Shad had been harming her career. Although she disliked the album, she liked the song \"\"Send in the Clowns\"\" written by Steven Sondheim for the musical \"\"A Little Night Music\"\". She learned it on piano, made many changes with the help of pianist Carl", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 28 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12694162", "chunk_text": "\"Cathy's Clown\"\nClown\"\", as Phil had relinquished his rights sometime before June 1980. Acuff-Rose Music, which owned the song publishing, and BMI (the brothers' rights society) removed Phil's name from all the royalty statements. In 2011, Don filed to regain ownership of the song, with the estate of Phil following in 2014. \"\"Cathy's Clown\"\" was inspired by Ferde Grofé's \"\"Grand Canyon Suite\"\". It was a major influence on the Beatles, who — having \"\"once toyed with calling themselves The Foreverly Brothers\"\" — three years later re-created the song's vocal arrangement in their first U.S. single, \"\"Please Please Me\"\". \"\"Cathy's Clown\"\" is mentioned", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 29 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2773985", "chunk_text": "\"Grace Jones\"\nand socialised with Giorgio Armani and Karl Lagerfeld. In 1973, Jones appeared on the cover of a reissue of Billy Paul's 1970 album \"\"Ebony Woman\"\". Jones was signed by Island Records, who put her in the studio with disco record producer, Tom Moulton. Moulton worked at Sigma Sound Studios in Philadelphia, and \"\"Portfolio\"\", was released in 1977. The album featured three songs from Broadway musicals, \"\"Send in the Clowns\"\" by Stephen Sondheim from \"\"A Little Night Music\"\", \"\"What I Did for Love\"\" from \"\"A Chorus Line\"\" and \"\"Tomorrow\"\" from \"\"Annie\"\". The second side of the album opens up with a", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 30 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17013875", "chunk_text": "\"Santa Clara Vanguard Drum and Bugle Corps\"\nby the brass on special occasions. As strongly identified with the corps as \"\"Send In the Clowns\"\" is the \"\"Bottle Dance\"\" from \"\"Fiddler on the Roof\"\" by Jerry Bock and Sheldon Harnick. SCV first performed the \"\"Bottle Dance\"\" music as a part of its inaugural DCI program in 1972. The actual \"\"Dance\"\" was added in 1973 where it was incorporated into the musical program seven times, including the 1973, 1974 and 1978 championship seasons. At DCI Finals in Birmingham, Alabama in 1979 and again in Montreal, Quebec in 1982, SCV closed their Finals performance with the \"\"Bottle Dance\"\", which had", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 31 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19365091", "chunk_text": "\"U2 Live at Red Rocks: Under a Blood Red Sky\"\nSondheim's \"\"Send in the Clowns\"\". The band failed to get permission or to pay the appropriate licensing and royalty fees to use the song. Initial pressings of \"\"U2 Live at Red Rocks\"\", and the accompanying live album—which contains a different performance of the song from August 1983—featured \"\"Send in the Clowns\"\". U2 were forced to pay in an out-of-court settlement. The initial release of the video was 55 minutes long and featured 13 songs from the film, including \"\"Cry / The Electric Co.\"\", which was omitted from the track listing for legal reasons related to the excerpt of \"\"Send in", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 32 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2562459", "chunk_text": "\"All Singing, All Dancing\"\nsong on the film at all. The man in the film that confronts Clint Eastwood is modelled after Lee Van Cleef. Several of the songs featured in the episode are references to actual musicals. \"\"Springfield, Springfield\"\", sung by Bart and Milhouse, is a reference to \"\"New York, New York\"\", from \"\"On the Town\"\". Krusty's \"\"Send in the Clowns\"\" uses different lyrics than the original version by Stephen Sondheim. Lyle Lanley's \"\"The Monorail Song\"\" takes references from a performance by character Professor Harold Hill in \"\"The Music Man\"\", including Lanley's costume and \"\"the crowd's mindless acceptance of his deceitful proposal\"\". \"\"See", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 33 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5035663", "chunk_text": "\"Whistle In\"\nWhistle In \"\"Whistle In\"\" is a song written by Brian Wilson for American rock band the Beach Boys. It is the eleventh and final track on their 1967 album \"\"Smiley Smile\"\". Like \"\"You're Welcome\"\" (the B-side to \"\"Heroes and Villains\"\"), \"\"Whistle In\"\" is a short chant sung by the Beach Boys. It features a driving honky-tonk piano and an electric bass line doubled by Mike Love's bass-baritone voice singing the line \"\"\"\"dum, dum, dum, whistle in\"\"\"\". Other backing and harmony vocals are shared by the Beach Boys, which Carl Wilson leads with the lines \"\"\"\"remember the day, remember the night,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 34 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4620335", "chunk_text": "\"Kal Rudman\"\nindustry trade magazine. He said in an interview with the \"\"Philadelphia Inquirer\"\" in 1994 that he was the first to spot Judy Collins' \"\"Send in the Clowns,\"\" Hall and Oates' \"\"She's Gone,\"\" and Kenny Rogers' \"\"Lucille\"\" as hits. Rudman appeared on \"\"The Merv Griffin Show\"\" more than 30 times, was a music-expert regular on the \"\"Today Show\"\", and was known as \"\"Killer Kal\"\" for his work as an announcer for the World Wrestling Federation. He advised Bruce Springsteen on how to make his music more popular with females. \"\"Hungry Heart\"\" on \"\"The River\"\" album, released in 1980. \"\"Kal explained to", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 35 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18048628", "chunk_text": "\"Sinatra: World On a String\"\n\"\"Send in the Clowns\"\" with \"\"sparse, sublime accompaniment\"\" from the guitarist Tony Mottola. In their review of the set, \"\"Broadway World\"\" commented that \"\"Listening to the nearly 30-year span of performances, it's remarkable to realize how the passage of time never diminished Sinatra's way with a song; if anything, it deepened his understanding of his material. Comparing renditions of \"\"Bewitched\"\" from 1958 and 1979 reveals a more pronounced resonance in Sinatra's delivery\"\". Sinatra: World On a String Sinatra: World On a String is a 2016 box set album of live performances by the American singer Frank Sinatra, recorded in Italy", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 36 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20172195", "chunk_text": "\"The Everly Brothers\"\nrock groups of the 1960s. The Beatles, The Beach Boys, and Simon & Garfunkel developed their early styles by performing Everly songs. The Bee Gees, The Hollies, The Marmalade, and other rock and roll groups that feature harmony singing were also influenced by the Everlys. The music of the Everly Brothers influenced the Beatles, who referred to themselves as \"\"the English Everly Brothers\"\" when Paul McCartney and John Lennon went hitchhiking south to win a talent competition. They based the vocal arrangement of \"\"Please Please Me\"\" on \"\"Cathy's Clown.\"\" Keith Richards called Don Everly \"\"one of the finest rhythm players.\"\"", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 37 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8440026", "chunk_text": "\"The Tears of a Clown\"\nsong as a single in the United States, using a new mix of the song made in February 1970 (whereas the UK release had used the original 1967 stereo mix from the \"\"Make It Happen\"\" LP), where it became a #1 hit on both the pop and R&B charts within two months of its release. Despite the fact that the Miracles had been one of Motown's premier acts in the early and mid-1960s and its first successful group act, \"\"The Tears of a Clown\"\" was their first and only #1 hit while Smokey Robinson was lead singer. (The Miracles hit", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 38 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13187059", "chunk_text": "\"The Broadway Album\"\nthe '100 100 GREATEST CDS ', the fourth highest album by a female artist to appear on the list. The album reached #1 on the US \"\"Billboard\"\" 200 chart in 1986, selling 218,000 copies in that week and earned Streisand a Grammy Award for \"\"Best Female Pop Vocal Performance\"\". It launched two successful singles. \"\"Send in the Clowns\"\", from \"\"A Little Night Music\"\", reached #25 on the \"\"Adult Contemporary\"\" chart. \"\"Somewhere\"\", a song from \"\"West Side Story\"\", reached #5 on \"\"Adult Contemporary\"\" and also earned a Grammy for producer David Foster for \"\"Best Instrumental Arrangement Accompanying Vocalist(s)/Best Background Arrangement\"\". According", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 39 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6151231", "chunk_text": "\"Arthur Greenslade\"\nArthur Greenslade Arthur Greenslade (4 May 1923 – 27 November 2003) was a British conductor and arranger for films and television, as well as for a number of performers. He was most musically active in the 1960s and 1970s. Greenslade was born in Northfleet, Kent. In the 1950s, he was pianist and arranger with the Oscar Rabin Band. He arranged for Jack Jones, Chris Farlowe, Serge Gainsbourg, Genesis, Cat Stevens, Diana Ross, Dusty Springfield, The Bachelors and Kinderjazz. For Shirley Bassey, he arranged \"\"Goldfinger\"\" and \"\"Send in the Clowns\"\". He has conducted orchestras in the Hollywood Bowl and Carnegie Hall,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 40 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4217699", "chunk_text": "\"Norman Gunston\"\nroster of celebrity guests who were 'interviewed' by Norman. Genuine musical performances by guest stars were countered by Norman's own unique interpretations of popular songs – he specialised in portraying his lyrics through mime and sign language and frequently punctuated the song with 'dramatic' interjections. Among his memorable performances were his histrionic rendition of the Tom Jones hit \"\"Delilah\"\", his hilarious version of \"\"Send in the Clowns\"\" and his heroic interpretation of the Liza Minnelli's theme-song \"\"Liza with a Z\"\", which Norman back-announced by guilelessly expressing surprise at the fact that few singers except \"\"Miss Lisa Minnulli\"\" had ever attempted", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 41 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10495029", "chunk_text": "\"Cathy's Clown\"\nJordon, reached number 5 in New Zealand. Cathy's Clown \"\"Cathy's Clown\"\" is a popular song, written and recorded by The Everly Brothers, in which the singer informs Cathy that \"\"[I] don't want your love anymore.\"\" The musicians included the Everlys on guitars, Floyd Cramer on piano, Floyd Chance on bass and Buddy Harman on drums. The distinctive drum sound was achieved by recording the drums with a tape loop, making it sound as if there were two drummers. \"\"Cathy's Clown\"\" was The Everly Brothers' first single for Warner Bros., after they had recorded for Archie Bleyer's Cadence label for three", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 42 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11458065", "chunk_text": "\"Madonna: Tears of a Clown\"\nthe show started later at midnight. The show started with Madonna appearing onstage, in a clown's costume consisting of a billowing dress, pink and yellow stalkings, riding a tricycle and circled round it. She finally reached the front of the stage and fell down from the cycle. After conversing with the audience and throwing candy at them. Madonna started singing Stephen Sondheim's \"\"Send in the Clowns\"\", written originally for the 1973 musical, \"\"A Little Night Music\"\", with images from Charlie Chaplin films displayed on the backdrop. She continued with \"\"Drowned World/Substitute for Love\"\" while standing in the center. Three songs", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 43 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1875146", "chunk_text": "\"Send In the Clowns\"\nwould be well. She cannot, and what follows is an exemplary manifestation of Sondheim’s musico-dramatic complexity, his inclination to write music that performs drama. That is, what needs to be covered over (by the clowns sung about in the song) is the very intensity, ragged emotion and utter vulnerability that comes forward through the music and singing itself, a display protracted to six minutes, wrought with exposed silences, a shocked Fredrik sitting so uncomfortably before Desirée while something much too real emerges in a realm where he – and his audience – felt assured of performance.\"\" Not long thereafter, Fredrik's", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 44 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12451847", "chunk_text": "\"A Little Night Music\"\nA Little Night Music A Little Night Music is a musical with music and lyrics by Stephen Sondheim and book by Hugh Wheeler. Inspired by the Ingmar Bergman film \"\"Smiles of a Summer Night\"\", it involves the romantic lives of several couples. Its title is a literal English translation of the German name for Mozart's Serenade No. 13 for strings in G major, \"\"Eine kleine Nachtmusik\"\". The musical includes the popular song \"\"Send in the Clowns\"\". Since its original 1973 Broadway production, the musical has enjoyed professional productions in the West End, by opera companies, in a 2009 Broadway revival,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 45 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15019275", "chunk_text": "\"Avonmore (album)\"\ntrack \"\"Soldier of Fortune\"\"). The album includes two cover versions, a rendition of Stephen Sondheim's \"\"Send in the Clowns\"\" and a version of \"\"Johnny and Mary\"\", originally by Robert Palmer. The latter track was a collaboration with the Norwegian DJ/producer Todd Terje and first appeared on Terje's album \"\"It's Album Time\"\" which was released earlier in 2014. \"\"Avonmore\"\" peaked at number 19 on the UK Albums Chart, and number 72 on the US \"\"Billboard\"\" 200. Reception of the album was generally positive. In a four-out-of-five-stars review, AllMusic critic Stephen Thomas Erlewine wrote that \"\"this is Ferry's prime, a moment when", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 46 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10836240", "chunk_text": "\"Hedwig Gorski\"\nradio recordings by Gorski and East of Eden from live broadcasts was released in 2009, called \"\"Send in the Clown\"\". The archival and remastered recordings by Hedwig Gorski® and East of Eden Band along with a radio drama, \"\"Thirteen Donuts\"\", which she wrote and directed for KRVS-FM and simulcast on the web, are available for download on iTunes. A more extensive listing of creative and scholarly publications and productions by the artist-poet is available online (see Hedwig Gorski's online CV with permission request from official website). Hedwig Gorski Hedwig Gorski (born July 18, 1949) is an American performance poet and", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 47 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11588258", "chunk_text": "\"The Electric Co.\"\noccasional performances played after the show opener \"\"The Miracle (Of Joey Ramone)\"\", again with \"\"Send in the Clowns\"\" and \"\"I Can See for Miles\"\" regularly snippeted. \"\"The Electric Co.\"\" has appeared in 3 video releases and 3 live album releases beginning with \"\"Under a Blood Red Sky\"\", \"\"\"\", \"\"Live from Boston 1981\"\", \"\"\"\" and \"\"Live from Paris\"\". In \"\"Under a Blood Red Sky\"\", Bono sings a snippet of \"\"Send in the Clowns\"\" by Stephen Sondheim lasting 27 seconds. U2 didn't get permission to sing this song, causing them to pay US $50,000. The original release (along with other releases) contains", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 48 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "108853", "chunk_text": "\"Newark Light Rail\"\nwork at the new stations has a common theme, \"\"Riding with Sarah and Wayne.\"\" It is intended as a tribute to Newark-born jazz greats Sarah Vaughan and Wayne Shorter, and includes the lyrics to Vaughan's signature song, \"\"Send in the Clowns,\"\" and colored bricks representing the music notes. The Newark Light Rail is equivalent to a one-zone bus ride: a one-way ticket costs $1.60 (as of October 1, 2015), and is valid for one hour on the entire system from the time the ticket is validated. A special $0.75 \"\"Underground\"\" fare is available for trips that use only the subway", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 49 } ]
test_3473	where is bigg boss tamil house is located?	n/a	[ "Chennai" ]	[]	n/a	n/a	n/a	[]	[ { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "135015", "chunk_text": "\"Bigg Boss Tamil\"\nEach week, housemates nominate two of their fellow housemates for eviction, and the housemates who receives the most nominations would face a public vote. Eventually, one housemate would leave after being \"\"evicted\"\" from the House. In the final week, there will be four housemates remaining, and the public will vote for who they wanted to win. Unlike other versions of Big Brother, the Tamil version uses celebrities and famous people as housemates, not ordinary members of the general public. The house is well-furnished and decorated. It has all kinds of modern amenities, but just two bedrooms, living area, kitchen, store", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 0 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "135014", "chunk_text": "\"Bigg Boss Tamil\"\nBigg Boss Tamil Bigg Boss Tamil is a Tamil-language version of the reality TV programme Bigg Boss broadcast in India. It follows the \"\"Big Brother\"\" format, which was first developed by Endemol in the Netherlands. Kamal Haasan hosted the first season and is now hosting the second season of Bigg Boss Tamil, which was aired on Star Vijay. \"\"Bigg Boss Tamil\"\" is a reality show based on the original Dutch Big Brother format developed by John de Mol Jr. A number of contestants (known as \"\"housemates\"\") live in a purpose-built house and are isolated from the rest of the world.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 1 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20511634", "chunk_text": "\"Bigg Boss\"\nat Lonavala. The house for \"\"Bigg Boss Tamil\"\" was constructed at EVP Film City, Chennai and is being used since the first season. Both the seasons so far have had as the prize money. Aaravand Riythvika was the winners of the first and second seasons of the show. All the episodes of the show are available on the OTT platform Hotstar. \"\"Bigg Boss Telugu\"\" is the Telugu version of the show and was produced by Star India on Star Maa with Jr NTR as the host and the Lonavala house was used for the first season. The second season is", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 2 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4710774", "chunk_text": "\"Bigg Boss Tamil\"\nentitled to cast10 votes per day. The contestant with the least number of votes is evicted from the house. If any contestent breaks the rules of the house or is subjected to leave the house due to medical issues, they will be evicted. Male Contestants Female Contestants Bigg Boss Tamil Bigg Boss Tamil is a Tamil-language version of the reality TV programme Bigg Boss broadcast in India. It follows the \"\"Big Brother\"\" format, which was first developed by Endemol in the Netherlands. Kamal Haasan hosted the first season and is now hosting the second season of Bigg Boss Tamil, which", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 3 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2952720", "chunk_text": "\"Bigg Boss Tamil 2\"\ntook home a trophy and a cash prize of 50,00,000 for her victory. Actress Aishwarya Dutta was the runner-up, while the other finalists included actresses Vijayalakshmi Feroz and Janani Iyer. The housemates, in order of their entry to the house, are as follows: Bigg Boss Tamil 2 Bigg Boss Tamil 2 was the second season of the reality TV game show \"\"Bigg Boss Tamil\"\", hosted by Kamal Haasan. This season had 17 housemates (inclusive of wildcard entries) with 60 cameras. The season commenced on 17 June 2018 and ended on 30 September 2018 after 105 days. The show aired on", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 4 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2952719", "chunk_text": "\"Bigg Boss Tamil 2\"\n\"\"Fun Unlimited\"\" hosted by actor Rio Raj, which described the events in the Bigg Boss house in a humourous manner. A lavish house set, which was used in the first season was renovated just prior to the commencement of the programme. The set is located on the outskirts of the Chennai city in the EVP Film City at Chembarambakkam. The renovated house for the second season included special features including a \"\"jail room\"\" to increase the level of punishments to the contestants who commits mistakes. The winner of the second season of Bigg Boss Tamil was character actress Riythvika, who", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 5 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4709062", "chunk_text": "\"Bigg Boss Tamil 1\"\nBigg Boss Tamil 1 Bigg Boss Tamil 1 is the first season of the reality TV programme \"\"Bigg Boss Tamil\"\". The first season aired on Star Vijay from 25 June to 30 September 2017, and aired from 9:00 to 10:30 pm on weekdays and 8:30 to 10:00 pm on weekends. A lavish house set was constructed at EVP theme park, Chennai. The season's presenter was Kamal Haasan. The winner of the season was model/actor Aarav, who received a cash prize of 50 lakh. Lyricist Snehan was the runner-up, while the other finalists included actors Harish Kalyan and Ganesh Venkatraman. The", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 6 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2464999", "chunk_text": "\"Bigg Boss (Hindi TV series)\"\nthrough his voice. A \"\"Bigg Boss\"\" House is built for every season. The house was earlier located in the tourist place of Lonavla, Pune district of Maharashtra, however the house for the fifth season was located ND Studios in Karjat. The house is well-furnished and decorated. It has all kinds of modern amenities, but just one or two bedrooms and four toilet bath rooms. There is a garden, pool, activity area and gym in the House. There is also a Confession Room, where the housemates may be called in by \"\"Bigg Boss\"\" for any kind of conversation, and for the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 7 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4709063", "chunk_text": "\"Bigg Boss Tamil 1\"\nparticipants were, in order of their entry to the house, are as follows : Bigg Boss Tamil 1 Bigg Boss Tamil 1 is the first season of the reality TV programme \"\"Bigg Boss Tamil\"\". The first season aired on Star Vijay from 25 June to 30 September 2017, and aired from 9:00 to 10:30 pm on weekdays and 8:30 to 10:00 pm on weekends. A lavish house set was constructed at EVP theme park, Chennai. The season's presenter was Kamal Haasan. The winner of the season was model/actor Aarav, who received a cash prize of 50 lakh. Lyricist Snehan was", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 8 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2952718", "chunk_text": "\"Bigg Boss Tamil 2\"\nBigg Boss Tamil 2 Bigg Boss Tamil 2 was the second season of the reality TV game show \"\"Bigg Boss Tamil\"\", hosted by Kamal Haasan. This season had 17 housemates (inclusive of wildcard entries) with 60 cameras. The season commenced on 17 June 2018 and ended on 30 September 2018 after 105 days. The show aired on Star Vijay from 9-10:30 PM on weekdays and 9-11 PM on weekends. From Season 2, Hotstar also provided content not aired on television, through segments such as \"\"Morning Masala\"\", \"\"Midnight Masala\"\", \"\"Unseen on TV\"\" and \"\"What's Cooking\"\" and also a parallel weekly programme", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 9 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4710771", "chunk_text": "\"Bigg Boss Tamil\"\nroom, smoking room, and four toilet bathrooms. There is a garden, pool, activity area and gym in the House. There is also a Confession Room, where the housemates may be called in by Bigg Boss for any kind of conversation, and for the nomination process. The House has no TV connection, no telephones, no Internet connection and no clocks. As in Season 2, Smoking Room will be also inside in Restroom and Jail were created outside of the Bigg Boss House for as punishment and Girl bedroom have officially have bathroom for emergency. New Place were also created for place", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 10 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13309665", "chunk_text": "\"Bigg Boss Bangla\"\na purpose-built house and are isolated from the rest of the world. Each week, housemates nominate two of their peers for eviction, and the housemates who receives the most nominations would face a public vote. Of these, one would eventually leave, having been \"\"evicted\"\" from the House. However, there were exceptions to this process as dictated by Bigg Boss Bangla. In the final week, there were three housemates remaining, and the public voted for who they wanted to win. The housemates in the Bengali version are primarily celebrities. The Bigg Boss House is located in the tourist center of Lonavala,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 11 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16248974", "chunk_text": "\"Bigg Boss (Hindi season 6)\"\nrating points), becoming the highest-rated non-fiction show during the week. The finale also fared better than its previous season, which had dropped to 3.6 TVR. In the fourth season, the finale had rated a 6.7 TVR. The show averaged 3.3 TVR in the week ended 12 January compared to 2.8 in the trailing week. The purpose built house is located at Lonavla, Maharashtra. It is designed by renowned art director Sabu Cyril. The house is built over an area of 15000 square feet. Featuring a more subtle and home-like feel with shades of red and white, it follows a completely", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 12 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20511620", "chunk_text": "\"Bigg Boss\"\nBigg Boss Bigg Boss is an Indian reality television game show franchise produced by EndemolShine India through Viacom 18 and Colors, broadcast in India, subsequently syndicated internationally and made available online as VOD through OTT platforms. There have been 7 versions of the show in 7 individual languages spoken in the Indian subcontinent. The first show of the franchise was \"\"Bigg Boss\"\" in Hindi which debuted in 2006. The franchise has extended its presence in Kannada, Bengali, Tamil, Telugu, Marathi and Malayalam as of 2018. Though only celebrities were selected to be the housemates in the initial seasons, general public", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 13 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7528591", "chunk_text": "\"Bigg Boss Kannada\"\nLonavala, Pune district of Maharashtra, where the Hindi version of Bigg Boss usually takes place. As the schedules for the Hindi and Kannada versions were expected to be overlapped, a house exclusive for Kannada version of the show was built at Innovative Film City in Bengaluru, Karnataka for the third season. This continues to be the location of the house for the next seasons of Bigg Boss Kannada as well. The house built for a season of Bigg Boss is retained until the start of next season and is open for public at the venue, serving as an attraction. The", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 14 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20921652", "chunk_text": "\"Bigg Boss\"\nwith Shilpa Shetty as the show's host. Veteran actor Amithabh Bachchan was roped in to play host for the third season while Salman Khan appeared as the host m the fourth season. The fifth season was jointly hosted by Sanjay Dutt and Salman Khan while Salman alone continues to host the show consecutively since sixth season till date. A lavish purpose-built house (with annual modifications) at Lonavala, Mumbai was used for the show in the first five seasons while a new house was built house at Big ND Studios in Karjat, Pune for the fifth season. The house at Lonavala", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 15 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3756031", "chunk_text": "\"Ganja Karuppu\"\n(2015) and \"\"Dharma Durai\"\" (2016). In 2017, he participated in the first season of the Tamil reality television show \"\"Bigg Boss\"\" hosted by Kamal Haasan. After regularly clashing with fellow actor Bharani, he was evicted on day 14. He married Sangeetha, a physiotherapist, in January 2010 in a ceremony held in his home town of Nattarasankottai. His first son was born in April 2011 in Madurai. In 2013, he chose to adopt the expenses of five mentally ill people in Trichy. Later in 2016, he announced his intentions of becoming a politician. Ganja Karuppu Ganja Karuppu (born as Karuppu Raja", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 16 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20540929", "chunk_text": "\"Mappillai (Vijay TV serial)\"\nforced to live in his mother-in law's house which isn't a dignity according to Tamil people. Further, the show deals with the difficulties he goes through in Jaya`s (Sreeja Chandran)house because of her parents and how a husband supports his wife in achieving success in her life. The show started airing on Vijay TV on 14 November 2016 and It aired on Monday through Friday at 9:00PM (IST). Later its timing changed Starting from Monday 26 June 2017, the show was shifted to airs Monday through Friday at 8:00PM (IST) time Slot. A new show named Bigg Boss Tamil replaced", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 17 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1709632", "chunk_text": "\"ND Studios\"\nND Studios ND Studios officially known as BIG ND Studio is a film and television production studio located in Karjat, Maharashtra a north suburb of Mumbai. Established in 2005, it is co-owned by Nitin Chandrakant Desai and Reliance Entertainment. Apart from films, it is also the location reality TV series, \"\"Bigg Boss\"\" hosted by Salman Khan. Over the years, it has also become a popular tourist destination, as it is 90-minutes drive from Mumbai, Maharashtra. The Studio is spread over 52 acres (210,000 m) and was opened in 2005 and offers indoor as well as outdoor shooting options. The Studio", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 18 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18507954", "chunk_text": "\"Bigg Boss\"\nshow. The same house at Lonavala, Pune which was used for the Hindi version was used for the first two seasons of \"\"Bigg Boss Kannada\"\". A new and bigger house was constructed at Innovative Film City in Bidadi, Bengaluru and is being used since the third season. Sudeep's contract to host the show was extended to 5 seasons starting with the third season which returned to Viacom 18's Colors Kannada. The fifth season moved to Colors Super, a sister channel of Colors Kannada. It is notable that the Kannada version is the only adaption where the host, Sudeep alone would", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 19 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5227306", "chunk_text": "\"Bigg Boss Malayalam\"\nkitchen, store room, smoking room, and four toilet bath rooms. There is a garden, pool, activity area and gym in the House. There is also a Confession Room, where the housemates may be called in by Bigg Boss for any kind of conversation, and for the nomination process. The House has no TV connection, no telephones, and no Internet connection. They are not supposed to tamper with any of the electronic equipment or any other thing in the House. They aren't allowed to write using paper, book or anything else in the house. They cannot leave the House premises at", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 20 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3351042", "chunk_text": "\"Malayalee House\"\nowned by actor Nagarjuna. The house is traditional, well-furnished and equipped, but all the rooms remain closed in the beginning of the show. The open area at the center of the house (Nadumuttam) is the center place for all Malayalee house activities. There is a kitchen, prayer room, and several bedrooms in the house. The house has no TV connection, no phones, and no Internet connection or clocks. Residents are overseen by 30 close circuit cameras 24x7. The house is installed with LCD displays/speakers through which instructions are given to the contestants. The cameras are hidden behind mirrors. The contestants", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 21 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20511621", "chunk_text": "\"Bigg Boss\"\nhave been auditioned to be on the show in the latest seasons of Hindi, Kannada and Telugu versions of the show In the show, contestants called \"\"housemates\"\" live together in a specially constructed house that is isolated from the outside world. Housemates are voted out (usually on a weekly basis) until only one remains and wins the cash prize. During their stay in the house, contestants are continuously monitored by live television cameras as well as personal audio microphones. The program relies on techniques such as a stripped back-to-basic environment, evictions, weekly tasks and competitions set by \"\"Bigg Boss\"\", and", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 22 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11175715", "chunk_text": "\"Bigg Boss Telugu\"\ncelebrities as housemates, not members of the general public. While all the rules have never been told to the audience, the most prominent ones are clearly seen. The inmates are not permitted to talk in any other language except Telugu. They always have to wear the lapel. They cannot leave the House premises at any time unless they are evicted or decided by Big Boss. They can not discuss the nomination process with anyone. They are not allowed to sleep without the permission of Bigg Boss. The house for season one was set up at Lonavala. For season two, the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 23 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8665844", "chunk_text": "Arav\nArav Arav (born as Nafeez Kizar) is an Indian model and actor who has worked in the Tamil film industry. After making his acting debut through the Vijay Antony-starrer \"\"Saithan\"\" (2016), he rose to fame after winning the first season of the Tamil reality television show \"\"Bigg Boss\"\" hosted by Kamal Haasan. Arav was born in Nagercoil in southern Tamil Nadu as Nafeez Kizar. His father worked as a professor at Trichy Government Law College, which prompted the family to shift to Trichy, where Arav spent his formative years. He did his schooling in Trichy at Kamala Niketan Montessori School", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 24 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20921660", "chunk_text": "\"Bigg Boss\"\nbeing hosted by Nani and a newly built house at Annapurna Studios, Hyderabad is being used for the show. Both the seasons so far have had as the prize money. Siva Balaji and Kaushal Manda was the winners of the first & second seasons of the show. All the episodes of the show are available on the OTT platform Hotstar. \"\"Bigg Boss Marathi\"\" is the Marathi version of the show and the first season is being aired on Viacom 18's Colors Marathi. The Lonavala house is being used for this version and Mahesh Manjrekar is playing the host. This is", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 25 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20921651", "chunk_text": "\"Bigg Boss\"\nStar India in 2017 and roped in Kamal Haasan and Jr NTR as hosts respectively. In 2018, the show has been adapted to Marathi with Viacom 18 and Malayalam with Star India and the hosts are Mahesh Manjrekar and Mohanlal respectively. Male Winners. Female Winners. \"\"Bigg Boss\"\" is the Hindi version of the show and the first version of the franchise. The first season premiered in 2006 on Sony Entertainment Television with Arshad Warsi as the host with as the prize money. The license for \"\"Bigg Boss\"\" was acquired by Viacom 18 and the next season was aired on Colors", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 26 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18507942", "chunk_text": "\"Bigg Boss\"\nand a house was constructed for the purpose of the show at Lonavla in Maharashtra. \"\"Bigg Boss\"\" debuted on television in 2006 through Sony Entertainment Television with Arshad Warsi as the host. The show gained popularity after Shilpa Shetty emerged as the winner in Celebrity Big Brother 5 (UK) and replaced Warsi as the host in the second season of \"\"Bigg Boss\"\". From the second season, the show has moved to Viacom 18's Colors. The show's acceptance and success among the Indian audience paved way for its expansion into other Indian languages. After the sixth season was completed in Hindi", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 27 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4710772", "chunk_text": "\"Bigg Boss Tamil\"\nfor chat as replacement of smoking room. They are not supposed to tamper with any of the electronic equipment or any other thing in the House. They cannot leave the House premises at any time except when permitted to. They cannot discuss the nomination process with anyone. They cannot sleep in the day time.They cannot engage in violence with the other housemates Sometimes, the housemates may be nominated for other reasons, such as nomination by a person who has achieved special privileges (via tasks or other things), for breaking rules or something else. If something is very serious, a contestant", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 28 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4710773", "chunk_text": "\"Bigg Boss Tamil\"\nmay be evicted directly All the rules have never been told to the audience, the most prominent ones are clearly seen. The inmates are not permitted to talk in any other language than Tamil. Bigg Boss Tamil is a reality show being aired on Star Vijay. Everyday's episodes contain the main happenings of the previous day. Every Saturday and Sunday episode mainly focuses on an interview of the evicted contestant by the host Contestants are nominated every week by their housemates. Viewers cast their vote in favour of the contestants they would like to save from eviction. Each viewer is", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 29 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11191734", "chunk_text": "\"Raiza Wilson\"\nRaiza Wilson Raiza Wilson is an Indian model and actress. She rose to fame following her appearance in the Tamil reality TV show \"\"Bigg Boss\"\" hosted by Kamal Haasan. Wilson completed her schooling at Nazareth Convent Girls High School and then at JSS International School in Ooty, before moving on to college in Bangalore. During her studies, she also worked as the PR, sales and marketing manager of Hint Lounge and Club in Bangalore. After gaining an interest in modelling, Wilson competed for the Miss India South 2011 title in late 2010, and was awarded the HICC Femina Miss South", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 30 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8519574", "chunk_text": "\"Bigg Boss Kannada\"\nban on the show because of its popularity affecting the performances of movies in the box office. The fifth season of the show was aired in Colors Super, the second Kannada GEC by Viacom18 to increase the viewership for the channel. The season premiered on 15 October 2017 and has been the first season to include non-celebrity housemates selected through online audition process.. The grand finale was held on 28th and 29th January 2018 and Chandan Shetty emerged as the winner. A 'Bigg Boss' House is constructed for every season. For the first two seasons, the house was located in", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 31 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12859833", "chunk_text": "\"Bigg Boss (Hindi season 2)\"\nfitted around the \"\"Bigg Boss\"\" house at Lonavala, a hill station about 100 km east of Mumbai. On the second day of the show, the British guest on exchange in the house, Jade Goody, walked out of the \"\"Bigg Boss\"\" house due to the revelation that she had developed cancer. On Day 30 of the show, an additional entry to the house was made in the form of Diana Hayden, who was the fifteenth contestant of the reality game show. The show topped the rating charts in its last week due to a voluntary exit by a popular housemate, Rahul", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 32 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6378566", "chunk_text": "\"Iruttu Araiyil Murattu Kuththu\"\nto cast Oviya in a lead role, following her rise to fame through the reality show \"\"Bigg Boss\"\" (2017), but she turned down the offer. Vaibhavi Shandilya was subsequently cast as the lead actress and began shooting for the film in Chennai for a five-day schedule. The team later moved to Thailand to shoot the rest of the film. Actresses Rashmi Gautham and Chandrika Ravi joined the team during the Thailand schedule, with Rashmi later replaced by Yaashika Aanand. Tamil Nadu theatrical rights of the film were sold for 5.25 crore. Iruttu Araiyil Murattu Kuththu Iruttu Araiyil Murattu Kuthu (English:", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 33 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7528607", "chunk_text": "\"Bigg Boss Kannada\"\nThis was the first season to take place inside Karnataka, in a house bigger than the previous ones, built exclusively for the Kannada version at the Innovative Film City in Bengaluru. The season used many elements including the theme song and the logo with slight modifications from the first season. The season was also the first one to omit unseen content programming and online voting. The season premiered on 25 October 2015 and 'Naatakakke Illi Jaaga Illa!' ('There is no place for drama here!') was the slogan of this season. As with the usual format, the episodes would be aired", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 34 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18507956", "chunk_text": "\"Bigg Boss\"\nViacom 18's OTT platform Voot. \"\"Bigg Boss Bangla\"\" is the Bengali version of the show which was produced by ETV Bangla with Mithun Chakraborty as the host while the first season of the Kannada version was wrapping up in 2013. The second season was aired on Colors Bangla in 2016 and was hosted by popular Bengali actor Jeet. The Lonavala house used for Hindi version was used in both seasons and the prize money for the show has been lesser than the other adaptions with and respectively for the first and second seasons. This is the only adaption of the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 35 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5083479", "chunk_text": "\"Bigg Boss Marathi\"\nsmoking room, and four toilet bath rooms. There is a garden, pool, activity area and gym in the House. There is also a Confession Room, where the housemates may be called in by Bigg Boss for any kind of conversation, and for the nomination process. The House has no TV connection, no telephones, and no Internet connection.the set has been built on the place of Big Boss Hindi version. They are not supposed to tamper with any of the electronic equipment or any other thing in the House. They cannot leave the House premises at any time except when permitted", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 36 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3351041", "chunk_text": "\"Malayalee House\"\npurpose-built house and are isolated from the rest of the world. Each week, residents nominate one among them for eviction, and the resident who receives the most nominations has to leave the house. The residents in Malayalee House are famous personalities in their respective fields. All the rooms in Malayalee House are locked in the beginning of the show. A room will be opened when a contestant gets evicted. The room to be opened after an eviction will be decided by the contestants through voting. The Malayalee House is built exclusively for the show at a film studio in Hyderabad", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 37 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6768065", "chunk_text": "\"Bigg Boss (Hindi season 8)\"\n21 September 2014. The house for the eighth season was in Lonavala. It resembled the interior of an aircraft. After the first eviction the house was made available to the housemates. The physical layout of the house remained mostly unchanged from the previous series, however the house theme was changed to an Alpine chalet, with lots of wood, fur and leather furnishings. On launch night, it was revealed that there was a place adjacent to the 'Plane crash' area known as 'The Secret Society.' Later, Deepshika, Pritam and Puneet were chosen by Bigg Boss to become cult celebrities who would", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 38 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11211028", "chunk_text": "Arav\nSameer Bharat Ram. Another film in production is \"\"Brain\"\", directed by Vijay Sri. Arav Arav (born as Nafeez Kizar) is an Indian model and actor who has worked in the Tamil film industry. After making his acting debut through the Vijay Antony-starrer \"\"Saithan\"\" (2016), he rose to fame after winning the first season of the Tamil reality television show \"\"Bigg Boss\"\" hosted by Kamal Haasan. Arav was born in Nagercoil in southern Tamil Nadu as Nafeez Kizar. His father worked as a professor at Trichy Government Law College, which prompted the family to shift to Trichy, where Arav spent his", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 39 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15452252", "chunk_text": "\"Ponnambalam (actor)\"\nduring 2010, starring newcomers in the lead roles. Despite beginning production, the film was shelved and eventually did not have a theatrical release. His acting commitments thereafter also decreased, with notable appearances in the period including roles as a village chief in \"\"Thamizh Padam\"\" (2010) and characters in \"\"Venghai\"\" (2011) and the historical drama, \"\"Ponnar Shankar\"\" (2011). In 2018, Ponnambalam took part in the second season of the reality show \"\"Bigg Boss Tamil\"\" hosted by Kamal Haasan. His stay in the house was controversial, as he was accused of making misogynistic comments against the female housemates, particularly against Yashika Aanand,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 40 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11175716", "chunk_text": "\"Bigg Boss Telugu\"\nhouse was set up in Annapurna Studios, Hyderabad. Bigg Boss Telugu is aired on Star Maa. Every day's episodes contain the main happenings of the previous day. Every Saturday episode mainly focuses on an interview of the evicted contestant by the host. Male Contestants. Female Contestants. Bigg Boss Telugu Bigg Boss Telugu is the Telugu-language version of the reality TV programme \"\"Big Brother\"\" and the fourth Indian version of reality TV programme \"\"Bigg Boss\"\" and airs on Star Maa in India. The first season of \"\"Bigg Boss Telugu\"\" premiered on 16 July 2017 and concluded on 24 September 2017. Jr.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 41 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13309666", "chunk_text": "\"Bigg Boss Bangla\"\nPune district of Maharashtra. It is well furnished and decorated. It has all kinds of modern amenities, one king size bedroom and one royal bath room. There is a garden, pool, activity area and gym in the House. There is also a Confession Room, where the housemates may be called in by Bigg Boss for any kind of conversation, and for the nomination process. The House has no TV connection, no phones, no Internet connection, clocks, pen or paper. While all the rules have never been told to the audience, the most prominent ones are clearly seen. The inmates are", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 42 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11023019", "chunk_text": "\"Airtel Super Singer\"\nstate of Tamil Nadu in the cities of Coimbatore, Chennai, and Madurai. Performances by auditioning contestants were judged by singers S. P. Sailaja, Jency, Malaysia Vasudevan, Sirkazhi Sivachidambaram, Mahathi, and music director D. Imman. The show was hosted by playback singer Chinmayi. Later stages of the competition were held at a specially designed studio set, and performances were judged by a panel of permanent judges consisting of playback singers Anuradha Sriram, Srinivas, and Unnikrishnan. Contestants were eliminated during the competition, and finalists received special training from voice expert Ananth Vaidyanathan in the final stages of the competition. Season 1 title", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 43 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20921661", "chunk_text": "\"Bigg Boss\"\nthe first and only adaption of \"\"Bigg Boss\"\" so far to have its language affiliation in the show's official name. The prize money is announced to be . All the episodes of the show are available on Viacom 18's OTT platform Voot. \"\"Bigg Boss Malayalam\"\" is the Malayalam adaption for \"\"Bigg Boss\"\" which is produced by Star India and aired on Asianet. Veteran actor Mohanlal has been roped in to host the show and the Lonavala house is being used.The voice of big boss is still a mystery for the first season. The prize money is announced to be ₹1", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 44 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20511623", "chunk_text": "\"Bigg Boss\"\ntasks by the producers of the show (who communicate with the housemates via the omnipresent authority figure known to them only as \"\"Bigg Boss\"\"). The tasks are designed to test the teamwork abilities and community spirit of the housemates. The housemates' \"\"luxury budget\"\" (weekly allowance to buy luxury food items other than the supplied essentials) depends on the outcome of assigned tasks. \"\"Bigg Boss\"\" is a Hindi (Bollywood) adaption of \"\"Big Brother\"\" created in Netherlands by John de Mol Jr., largely based on the \"\"Celebrity Big Brother\"\" model owned by the Endemol Shine Group. The show was named \"\"Bigg Boss\"\"", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 45 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5227305", "chunk_text": "\"Bigg Boss Malayalam\"\nfrom the rest of the world. Each week, housemates nominate two of their fellow housemates for eviction, and the housemates who receives the most nominations would face a public vote. Eventually, one housemate would leave after being \"\"evicted\"\" from the House. In the final week, there will be five housemates remaining, and the public will vote for who they wanted to win. Unlike other versions of Big Brother, the Malayalam version uses celebrities as housemates, not members of the general public. The house is well-furnished and decorated. It has all kinds of modern amenities, but just two bedrooms, living area,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 46 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18507957", "chunk_text": "\"Bigg Boss\"\nshow that does not follow the annual format and the seasons have been produced once in 3 years. Aneek Dhar and Joyjit Banerjee have been the winners of the first and second season of the show respectively. All the episodes since the second season are available on Viacom 18's OTT platform Voot. \"\"Bigg Boss Tamil\"\" is the Tamil version of the show and the second south Indian adaption of \"\"Bigg Boss\"\". Star India produced the show in 2017 with Kamal Hassan as the host on Star Vijay. This has been the only version to have none of its seasons shot", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 47 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10523142", "chunk_text": "Lonavla\nIndian Navy's Premier Technical Training Institute. The house of Trivandrum based Asianet TV channel's hit Realty show Bigg Boss Malayalam 1 is set up within an unknown estate in Lonavla. The name \"\"Lonavla\"\" derives from \"\"Len\"\" (Prakrit, A resting place carved from stone) and \"\"Avali\"\" (Prakrit, series). \"\"Lonavli\"\" in Prakrit is a place which has a series of such \"\"Len\"\" around it. Present day Lonavla was a part of the Yadava dynasty. Later, the Mughals realized the strategic importance of the region and kept the region for an extended time. The forts in the region and the \"\"\"\"Mavla\"\"\"\" warriors played", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 48 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18342427", "chunk_text": "Namitha\nhosted by Kamal Haasan. After being introduced as the hyped surprise contestant, she was evicted on day 28 by audiences. During her stint in the show, she was widely criticised for her harsh treatment of actress Oviya. She only garnered negative image after coming to Biggboss.Her upcoming projects include \"\"Pottu\"\", where she portrays an aghori, and T. Rajender's \"\"Indraya Kadhal Da\"\", where she plays the antagonist. At the height of her success in 2008, Namitha's fans built her a temple near Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu. She became the second actress after Kushboo in the state to be immortalised in such a", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 49 } ]
test_3474	who was the movie citizen kane based on?	n/a	[ "William Randolph Hearst" ]	[]	n/a	n/a	n/a	[]	[ { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12533431", "chunk_text": "\"Charles Foster Kane\"\nThatcher. Kane has enough wealth to build Chicago's opera house, as well as his unfinished mansion, Xanadu. The mansion contains Kane's vast collection of classical sculptures and art, and the newsreel claims that portions of Xanadu were taken from other famous palaces overseas. Charles Foster Kane Charles Foster Kane is a fictional character and the subject of Orson Welles' 1941 film \"\"Citizen Kane\"\". The character is widely believed to be based on publishing tycoon William Randolph Hearst. Welles played Kane (receiving an Oscar nomination), with Buddy Swan playing Kane as a child. Welles also produced, co-wrote and directed the film.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 0 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3147689", "chunk_text": "\"Citizen Kane\"\nits 2007 update. \"\"Citizen Kane\"\" is particularly praised for its cinematography, music, editing and narrative structure, which have been considered innovative and precedent-setting. The quasi-biographical film examines the life and legacy of Charles Foster Kane, played by Welles, a character based in part upon the American newspaper magnates William Randolph Hearst and Joseph Pulitzer, Chicago tycoons Samuel Insull and Harold McCormick, and aspects of the screenwriters' own lives. Upon its release, Hearst prohibited mention of the film in any of his newspapers. Kane's career in the publishing world is born of idealistic social service, but gradually evolves into a ruthless", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 1 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20162236", "chunk_text": "\"Sources for Citizen Kane\"\nSources for Citizen Kane The sources for \"\"Citizen Kane\"\", the 1941 American motion picture that marked the feature film debut of Orson Welles, have been the subject of speculation and controversy since the project's inception. With a story spanning 60 years, the quasi-biographical film examines the life and legacy of Charles Foster Kane, played by Welles, a fictional character based in part upon the American newspaper magnate William Randolph Hearst and Chicago tycoons Samuel Insull and Harold McCormick. A rich incorporation of the experiences and knowledge of its authors, the film earned an Academy Award for Best Writing (Original Screenplay)", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 2 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "100762", "chunk_text": "\"Charles Foster Kane\"\nCharles Foster Kane Charles Foster Kane is a fictional character and the subject of Orson Welles' 1941 film \"\"Citizen Kane\"\". The character is widely believed to be based on publishing tycoon William Randolph Hearst. Welles played Kane (receiving an Oscar nomination), with Buddy Swan playing Kane as a child. Welles also produced, co-wrote and directed the film. The general consensus is that William Randolph Hearst is the primary inspiration behind Charles Foster Kane. In the film, Kane is given the line \"\"You provide the prose poems; I'll provide the war,\"\" undeniably similar to \"\"You furnish the pictures, and I'll furnish", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 3 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8270161", "chunk_text": "\"Citizen Kane\"\nHouseman and dismissed by Brady. The \"\"News on the March\"\" sequence that begins the film satirizes the journalistic style of \"\"The March of Time\"\", the news documentary and dramatization series presented in movie theaters by Time Inc. From 1935 to 1938 Welles was a member of the uncredited company of actors that presented the original radio version. Houseman claimed that banker Walter P. Thatcher was loosely based on J. P. Morgan. Bernstein was named for Dr. Maurice Bernstein, appointed Welles's guardian; Sloane's portrayal was said to be based on Bernard Herrmann. Herbert Carter, editor of \"\"The Inquirer\"\", was named for", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 4 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3147708", "chunk_text": "\"Citizen Kane\"\nof two business tycoons familiar from his youth in Chicago—Samuel Insull and Harold Fowler McCormick. The character of Jedediah Leland was based on drama critic Ashton Stevens, George Stevens's uncle and Welles's close boyhood friend. Some detail came from Mankiewicz's own experience as a drama critic in New York. The assumption that the character of Susan Alexander Kane was based on Marion Davies was a major reason Hearst tried to destroy \"\"Citizen Kane\"\". Welles denied that the character was based on Davies, whom he called \"\"an extraordinary woman—nothing like the character Dorothy Comingore played in the movie.\"\" He cited Insull's", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 5 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1104237", "chunk_text": "\"Screenplay for Citizen Kane\"\nScreenplay for Citizen Kane The authorship of the screenplay for \"\"Citizen Kane\"\", the 1941 American motion picture that marked the feature film debut of Orson Welles, has been one of the film's long-standing controversies. With a story spanning 60 years, the quasi-biographical film examines the life and legacy of Charles Foster Kane, played by Welles, a fictional character based in part upon the American newspaper magnate William Randolph Hearst and Chicago tycoons Samuel Insull and Harold McCormick. A rich incorporation of the experiences and knowledge of its authors, the film earned an Academy Award for Best Writing (Original Screenplay) for", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 6 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13897499", "chunk_text": "\"Citizen Kane\"\nFrançois Truffaut said that the film \"\"has inspired more vocations to cinema throughout the world than any other\"\" and recognized its influence in \"\"The Barefoot Contessa\"\", \"\"Les Mauvaises Rencontres\"\", \"\"Lola Montès\"\", and \"\"8 1/2\"\". Truffaut's \"\"Day for Night\"\" pays tribute to the film in a dream sequence depicting a childhood memory of the character played by Truffaut stealing publicity photos from the film. Numerous film directors have cited the film as influential on their own films, including Theo Angelopoulos, Luc Besson, the Coen brothers, Francis Ford Coppola, Brian De Palma, John Frankenheimer, Stephen Frears, Sergio Leone, Michael Mann, Ridley Scott,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 7 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1571364", "chunk_text": "\"Sources for Citizen Kane\"\nRemarkably, critic Arthur Knight reported in 1969 that the sequence was excised from most prints presented on American television. Sources for Citizen Kane The sources for \"\"Citizen Kane\"\", the 1941 American motion picture that marked the feature film debut of Orson Welles, have been the subject of speculation and controversy since the project's inception. With a story spanning 60 years, the quasi-biographical film examines the life and legacy of Charles Foster Kane, played by Welles, a fictional character based in part upon the American newspaper magnate William Randolph Hearst and Chicago tycoons Samuel Insull and Harold McCormick. A rich incorporation", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 8 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20162238", "chunk_text": "\"Sources for Citizen Kane\"\nadds that they \"\"grafted anecdotes from other giants of journalism, including Pulitzer, Northcliffe and Mank's first boss, Herbert Bayard Swope.\"\" Welles said, \"\"Mr. Hearst was quite a bit like Kane, although Kane isn't really founded on Hearst in particular, many people sat for it so to speak\"\". He specifically acknowledged that aspects of Kane were drawn from the lives of two business tycoons familiar from his youth in Chicago — Samuel Insull and Harold Fowler McCormick. The film is commonly regarded as a fictionalized, unrelentingly hostile parody of William Randolph Hearst, in spite of Welles's statement that \"\"\"\"Citizen Kane\"\" is", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 9 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14660763", "chunk_text": "\"Citizen Kane\"\n\"\"Citizen Kane\"\"s depiction of Hearst. \"\"The Social Network\"\" has been compared to the film for its depiction of a media mogul and by the character Erica Albright being similar to \"\"Rosebud\"\". The controversy of the Sony hacking before the release of \"\"The Interview\"\" brought comparisons of Hearst's attempt to suppress the film. The film's plot structure and some specific shots influenced Todd Haynes's \"\"Velvet Goldmine\"\". Abbas Kiarostami's \"\"The Traveler\"\" has been called \"\"the \"\"Citizen Kane\"\" of the Iranian children's cinema.\"\" The film's use of overlapping dialogue has influenced the films of Robert Altman and Carol Reed. Reed's films \"\"Odd Man", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 10 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "760245", "chunk_text": "\"Sources for Citizen Kane\"\nafter the father-in-law of his mentor Roger Hill. Houseman claimed that Walter P. Thatcher was loosely based on J. P. Morgan, but only in the general sense of Morgan being an old-fashioned 19th century capitalist with ties to Wall Street finances and railroad companies. When Welles was 15 he became the ward of Dr. Maurice Bernstein. Bernstein is the last name of the only major character in \"\"Citizen Kane\"\" who receives a generally positive portrayal. Although Dr. Bernstein was nothing like the character in the film (possibly based on Solomon S. Carvalho, Hearst's business manager), Welles said, the use of", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 11 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "815784", "chunk_text": "\"Citizen Kane\"\nCitizen Kane Citizen Kane is a 1941 American mystery drama film by Orson Welles, its producer, co-screenwriter, director and star. The picture was Welles's first feature film. Nominated for Academy Awards in nine categories, it won an Academy Award for Best Writing (Original Screenplay) by Herman J. Mankiewicz and Welles. Considered by many critics, filmmakers, and fans to be the greatest film ever made, \"\"Citizen Kane\"\" was voted as such in five consecutive British Film Institute \"\"Sight & Sound\"\" polls of critics, and it topped the American Film Institute's 100 Years ... 100 Movies list in 1998, as well as", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 12 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12346047", "chunk_text": "\"Beyond Citizen Kane\"\nsinger-songwriter Chico Buarque, former Justice Minister Armando Falcão, politician Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva, who later was elected as president; and former employees Walter Clark and Armando Nogueira. The title refers to the 1941 film, \"\"Citizen Kane,\"\" whose fictional newspaper tycoon Charles Foster Kane was created by the director and actor Orson Welles. He was believed to have been based on the American publisher William Randolph Hearst, noted for creating yellow journalism and exploiting the press. The 1993 British documentary criticised Globo's president and founder Roberto Marinho for his close ties to the military dictatorship and suggestively compared him to", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 13 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1900184", "chunk_text": "\"William Randolph Hearst\"\nin the world today...a giant with feet of clay.\"\" \"\"Citizen Kane\"\" is loosely based on Hearst's life. Welles and co-writer Herman J. Mankiewicz created Kane as a composite character of multiple men, among them Harold McCormick, Samuel Insull and Howard Hughes. Hearst, enraged at the idea of \"\"Citizen Kane\"\" being a thinly disguised and very unflattering portrait of him, used his massive influence and resources in an unsuccessful attempt to prevent the film from being released-—all without his ever even having seen it. Welles and the studio RKO Pictures resisted the pressure, but Hearst and his Hollywood friends ultimately succeeded", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 14 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7479432", "chunk_text": "\"Citizen Kane\"\nbetween Reed and Bryant with the breakfast table montage in \"\"Citizen Kane\"\". Akira Kurosawa's \"\"Rashomon\"\" is often compared to the film due to both having complicated plot structures told by multiple characters in the film. Welles said his initial idea for the film was \"\"Basically, the idea \"\"Rashomon\"\" used later on,\"\" however Kurosawa had not yet seen the film before making \"\"Rashomon\"\" in 1950. Nigel Andrews has compared the film's complex plot structure to \"\"Rashomon\"\", \"\"Last Year at Marienbad\"\", \"\"Memento\"\" and \"\"Magnolia\"\". Andrews also compares Charles Foster Kane to Michael Corleone in \"\"The Godfather\"\", Jake LaMotta in \"\"Raging Bull\"\" and", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 15 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20162237", "chunk_text": "\"Sources for Citizen Kane\"\nfor Herman J. Mankiewicz and Welles. Orson Welles never confirmed a principal source for the character of Charles Foster Kane. John Houseman, who worked with screenwriter Herman J. Mankiewicz on the early draft scripts, wrote that Kane is a synthesis of different personalities, with Hearst's life used as the main source. \"\"The truth is simple: for the basic concept of Charles Foster Kane and for the main lines and significant events of his public life, Mankiewicz used as his model the figure of William Randolph Hearst. To this were added incidents and details invented or derived from other sources.\"\" Houseman", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 16 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2593469", "chunk_text": "\"San Luis Obispo International Film Festival\"\nthe festival arranged for a historic screening of \"\"Citizen Kane\"\" at Hearst Castle. \"\"Citizen Kane\"\" was loosely based on the life of wealthy publisher William Randolph Hearst, and was considered by Hearst supporters to represent an unfavorable view of the newspaper magnate. Hearst went to great lengths to prevent the film from being shown, and he banned the film from being mentioned in any of his newspapers. Hearst's longtime companion, Marion Davies, claimed that he never saw the movie. Ben Mankiewicz, grandson of Herman Mankiewicz who won an Oscar for co-writing the screenplay, introduced the movie at the Hearst Castle", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 17 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1104251", "chunk_text": "\"Screenplay for Citizen Kane\"\n\"\"and I believe he was as much influenced by Samuel Insull and Colonel Robert McCormick as he was by the figure of Hearst.\"\" Roger Hill, head of the Todd Seminary for Boys and Welles's mentor and lifelong friend, wrote that Welles once told him about a project he was considering: \"\"He had outlined to me, years earlier, a plan for a stage play based on the life of an American tycoon who would be a composite of Insull, McCormick and Hearst.\"\" Hill said that even as a boy Welles was interested in the lives of the controversial tycoons: \"\"He sensed,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 18 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7013643", "chunk_text": "\"Marion Davies\"\nConvention in Los Angeles. It was not long after that she was diagnosed with stomach cancer. Davies died of stomach cancer on September 22, 1961, in her home in Hollywood, California. Her funeral at Immaculate Heart of Mary Church in Hollywood was attended by 200 people and many Hollywood celebrities, including Mary Pickford, Charles \"\"Buddy\"\" Rogers, Mrs. Clark Gable (Kay Spreckels), and Johnny Weissmuller. She is buried in the Hollywood Forever Cemetery. Davies left an estate estimated at $20 million. Davies was commonly assumed to be the inspiration for the Susan Alexander character portrayed in Orson Welles's \"\"Citizen Kane\"\" (1941),", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 19 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13897490", "chunk_text": "\"Citizen Kane\"\ninventive in its storytelling, earning its reputation as a landmark achievement in film.\"\" \"\"Citizen Kane\"\" has been called the most influential film of all time. Richard Corliss has asserted that Jules Dassin's 1941 film \"\"The Tell-Tale Heart\"\" was the first example of its influence and the first pop culture reference to the film occurred later in 1941 when the spoof comedy \"\"Hellzapoppin'\"\" featured a \"\"Rosebud\"\" sled. The film's cinematography was almost immediately influential and in 1942 \"\"American Cinematographer\"\" wrote \"\"without a doubt the most immediately noticeable trend in cinematography methods during the year was the trend toward crisper definition and", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 20 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15908497", "chunk_text": "\"Dorothy Comingore\"\nDorothy Comingore Mary Louise Comingore (August 24, 1913 – December 30, 1971), best known professionally as Dorothy Comingore, was an American film actress. She is best known for starring as Susan Alexander Kane in \"\"Citizen Kane\"\" (1941), the critically acclaimed debut film of Orson Welles. In earlier films she was credited as Linda Winters, and she had appeared on the stage as Kay Winters. Her career ended when she was caught up in the Hollywood blacklist. She declined to answer questions when she was called before the House Un-American Activities Committee in 1952. Margaret Louise Comingore was born in Los", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 21 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4885620", "chunk_text": "\"Orson Welles\"\nOrson Welles George Orson Welles (; May 6, 1915 – October 10, 1985) was an American actor, director, writer, and producer who worked in theatre, radio, and film. He is remembered for his innovative work in all three: in theatre, most notably \"\"Caesar\"\" (1937), a Broadway adaptation of William Shakespeare's \"\"Julius Caesar\"\"; in radio, the legendary 1938 broadcast \"\"The War of the Worlds\"\"; and in film, \"\"Citizen Kane\"\" (1941), consistently ranked as one of the greatest films ever made. In his 20s, Welles directed a number of high-profile stage productions for the Federal Theatre Project, including an adaptation of \"\"Macbeth\"\"", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 22 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "816119", "chunk_text": "\"Citizen Kane\"\nof Jean-Paul Sartre in 1945 and Georges Sadoul in 1946. At that time many French intellectuals and filmmakers shared Sartre's negative opinion that Hollywood filmmakers were uncultured. Sartre criticized the film's flashbacks for its nostalgic and romantic preoccupation with the past instead of the realities of the present and said that \"\"the whole film is based on a misconception of what cinema is all about. The film is in the past tense, whereas we all know that cinema has got to be in the present tense.\"\" André Bazin, a little-known film critic working for Sartre's \"\"Les Temps modernes\"\", was asked", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 23 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "815806", "chunk_text": "\"Citizen Kane\"\nbuilding of the Chicago Opera House, and McCormick's lavish promotion of the opera career of his second wife, Ganna Walska, as direct influences on the screenplay. The character of political boss Jim W. Gettys is based on Charles F. Murphy, a leader in New York City's infamous Tammany Hall political machine. Welles credited \"\"Rosebud\"\" to Mankiewicz. Biographer Richard Meryman wrote that the symbol of Mankiewicz's own damaged childhood was a treasured bicycle, stolen while he visited the public library and not replaced by his family as punishment. He regarded it as the prototype of Charles Foster Kane's sled. In his", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 24 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8270744", "chunk_text": "\"Citizen Kane\"\ndeath and show their life in flashbacks—as well as Welles's thriller \"\"Mr. Arkadin\"\". Rosenbaum sees similarities in the film's plot to \"\"Mr. Arkadin\"\", as well as the theme of nostalgia for loss of innocence throughout Welles's career, beginning with \"\"Citizen Kane\"\" and including \"\"The Magnificent Ambersons\"\", \"\"Mr. Arkadin\"\" and \"\"Chimes at Midnight\"\". Rosenbaum also points out how the film influenced Warren Beatty's \"\"Reds\"\". The film depicts the life of Jack Reed through the eyes of Louise Bryant, much as Kane's life is seen through the eyes of Thompson and the people who he interviews. Rosenbaum also compared the romantic montage", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 25 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14131421", "chunk_text": "\"Ashton Stevens\"\nAshton Stevens Ashton P. Stevens (August 11, 1872 – July 12, 1951) was an American journalist regarded as the dean of American drama critics. His newspaper column appeared in \"\"The San Francisco Examiner\"\" and later in the \"\"Chicago Herald-American\"\". He was theatre critic for the Hearst Newspapers for 50 years, 40 of them in Chicago. The character of Jedediah Leland in the film \"\"Citizen Kane\"\" is based on Stevens, a close boyhood friend of Orson Welles. Ashton Stevens was born in San Francisco, California, the son of Hannah L. and James W. Stevens. He was the brother of actor John", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 26 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1104242", "chunk_text": "\"Screenplay for Citizen Kane\"\nwho knew him. \"\"I'd been nursing an old notion,\"\" Welles told Bogdanovich, \"\"the idea of telling the same thing several times—and showing exactly the same thing from wholly different points of view. Basically, the idea \"\"Rashomon\"\" used later on. Mank liked it, so we started searching for the man it was going to be about. Some big American figure—couldn’t be a politician, because you’d have to pinpoint him. Howard Hughes was the first idea. But we got pretty quickly to the press lords.\"\" Welles and Mankiewicz soon settled on the idea of using newspaper magnate William Randolph Hearst as their", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 27 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "815799", "chunk_text": "\"Citizen Kane\"\nscreenwriter Herman J. Mankiewicz, who had been writing Mercury radio scripts. \"\"Arguing, inventing, discarding, these two powerful, headstrong, dazzlingly articulate personalities thrashed toward \"\"Kane\"\"\"\", wrote biographer Richard Meryman. One of the long-standing controversies about \"\"Citizen Kane\"\" has been the authorship of the screenplay. Welles conceived the project with screenwriter Herman J. Mankiewicz, who was writing radio plays for Welles's CBS Radio series, \"\"The Campbell Playhouse\"\". Mankiewicz based the original outline on the life of William Randolph Hearst, whom he knew socially and came to hate after being exiled from Hearst's circle. In February 1940 Welles supplied Mankiewicz with 300 pages", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 28 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8270743", "chunk_text": "\"Citizen Kane\"\nfocus\"\" and \"\"Citizen Kane\"\"s style became less fashionable. American filmmakers in the 1970s combined these two approaches by using long takes, rapid cutting, deep focus and telephoto shots all at once. Its use of long takes influenced films such as \"\"The Asphalt Jungle\"\", and its use of deep focus cinematography influenced \"\"Gun Crazy\"\", \"\"The Whip Hand\"\", \"\"The Devil's General\"\" and \"\"Justice Is Done\"\". The flashback structure in which different characters have conflicting versions of past events influenced \"\"La commare secca\"\" and \"\"Man of Marble\"\". The film's structure influenced the biographical films \"\"Lawrence of Arabia\"\" and \"\"\"\"—which begin with the subject's", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 29 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15264836", "chunk_text": "\"Orson Welles\"\nflew to Paris to discuss the project personally with the Russian author. Orson Welles George Orson Welles (; May 6, 1915 – October 10, 1985) was an American actor, director, writer, and producer who worked in theatre, radio, and film. He is remembered for his innovative work in all three: in theatre, most notably \"\"Caesar\"\" (1937), a Broadway adaptation of William Shakespeare's \"\"Julius Caesar\"\"; in radio, the legendary 1938 broadcast \"\"The War of the Worlds\"\"; and in film, \"\"Citizen Kane\"\" (1941), consistently ranked as one of the greatest films ever made. In his 20s, Welles directed a number of high-profile", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 30 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13897492", "chunk_text": "\"Citizen Kane\"\nby \"\"the camera work of Gregg Toland in \"\"Citizen Kane\"\"\"\" and not by traditional Japanese art. Its cinematography, lighting, and flashback structure influenced such film noirs of the 1940s and 1950s as \"\"The Killers\"\", \"\"Keeper of the Flame\"\", \"\"Caught\"\", \"\"The Great Man\"\" and \"\"This Gun for Hire\"\". David Bordwell and Kristin Thompson have written that \"\"For over a decade thereafter American films displayed exaggerated foregrounds and somber lighting, enhanced by long takes and exaggerated camera movements.\"\" However, by the 1960s filmmakers such as those from the French New Wave and Cinéma vérité movements favored \"\"flatter, more shallow images with softer", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 31 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18963979", "chunk_text": "\"Raising Kane\"\nRaising Kane \"\"Raising Kane\"\" is a 1971 book-length essay by American film critic Pauline Kael, in which she revived controversy over the authorship of the screenplay for the 1941 film \"\"Citizen Kane\"\". Kael celebrated screenwriter Herman J. Mankiewicz, first-credited co-author of the screenplay, and denigrated the contributions of Orson Welles, who co-wrote, produced and directed the film, and performed the lead role. The 50,000-word essay was written for \"\"The Citizen Kane Book\"\" (1971), as an extended introduction to the shooting script by Mankiewicz and Welles. It first appeared in February 1971 in two consecutive issues of \"\"The New Yorker\"\" magazine.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 32 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9330277", "chunk_text": "\"Lynn Bayonas\"\nLynn Bayonas Lynn Bayonas (11 April 1943 – 25 January 2010) was an Australian television producer and writer. Her sister was \"\"Neighbours\"\" executive producer Susan Bower. Lynette Margaret Bower was 18 years old and living in London when she got her breakthrough into television. She was an assistant to the general manager of The Australian Ballet who were then travelling through Europe and were due to travel on to the United States, somewhere that Bayonas didn't want to go. Whilst working in London, Bayonas heard of a job coming up with \"\"Citizen Kane\"\" creator Orson Welles. She agreed to meet", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 33 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7479447", "chunk_text": "\"Citizen Kane\"\n\"\"Arena\"\" documentary \"\"The Complete Citizen Kane\"\". The colorization controversy was a factor in the passage of the National Film Preservation Act in 1988 which created the National Film Registry the following year. ABC News anchor Peter Jennings reported that \"\"one major reason for doing this is to require people like the broadcaster Ted Turner, who's been adding color to some movies and re-editing others for television, to put notices on those versions saying that the movies have been altered\"\". Database Other Citizen Kane Citizen Kane is a 1941 American mystery drama film by Orson Welles, its producer, co-screenwriter, director and", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 34 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "815840", "chunk_text": "\"Citizen Kane\"\nStates from Russia in 1920, escaping persecution. As a child Seiderman had won a drawing competition and received an apprenticeship at the Moscow Art Theatre, where his father was a wigmaker and make-up artist. In New York his uncle was a theatrical scenic painter, and he helped Seiderman get into the union. He worked on Max Reinhardt's 1924 production of \"\"The Miracle\"\" and with the Yiddish Art Theatre, and he studied the human figure at the Art Students League of New York. After he moved to Los Angeles he was hired first by Max Factor and then by RKO. Seiderman", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 35 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12533418", "chunk_text": "\"Charles Foster Kane\"\nwas a source of inspiration for the character. Some of the character's dialogue on how to run a newspaper are direct quotes from Welles's comments on how to make a motion picture (though this was his first). Mankiewicz included dialogue about Kane's voracious appetite, also meant to echo Welles's character. In recent years, Kane has been compared unfavorably to contemporary media figures such as Rupert Murdoch and Ted Turner. \"\"Citizen Kane\"\" explores the life of the titular character, who is born of humble origins in the fictional settlement of Little Salem, Colorado, in 1862. A mine given to his parents—to", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 36 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15930647", "chunk_text": "\"Ashton Stevens\"\na number of plays, including \"\"Prospect Avenue\"\" and, with Franklin D. Roosevelt's ghostwriter Charles Michaelson, a comedy titled \"\"Mary's Way Out\"\". One of Stevens's close friends in Chicago was Dr. Maurice Bernstein, guardian of Orson Welles. Welles told filmmaker Peter Bogdanovich that the character of Jedediah Leland, played by Joseph Cotten in his 1941 film \"\"Citizen Kane\"\", was modeled on Ashton Stevens: Jed was really based on a close childhood friend of mine — George Stevens' uncle Ashton Stevens. He was practically my uncle, too. … I sent him the script before we began, of course, and while he was", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 37 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10631645", "chunk_text": "\"William Randolph Hearst\"\nin 1932–34, but then broke with FDR and became his most prominent enemy on the right. His peak circulation reached 20 million readers a day in the mid-1930s, but he was a bad money manager and was so deeply in debt that most of his assets had to be liquidated in the late 1930s; he managed to keep his newspapers and magazines. His life story was the main inspiration for Charles Foster Kane, the lead character in Orson Welles's film \"\"Citizen Kane.\"\" His famous mansion, Hearst Castle, on a hill overlooking the Pacific Ocean near San Simeon, is now a", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 38 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "815839", "chunk_text": "\"Citizen Kane\"\nthe only, great film that uses radio techniques. ... A lot of filmmakers know enough to follow Auguste Renoir's advice to fill the eyes with images at all costs, but only Orson Welles understood that the sound track had to be filled in the same way.\"\" Cedric Belfrage of \"\"The Clipper\"\" wrote \"\"of all of the delectable flavours that linger on the palate after seeing \"\"Kane\"\", the use of sound is the strongest.\"\" The make-up for \"\"Citizen Kane\"\" was created and applied by Maurice Seiderman (1907–1989), a junior member of the RKO make-up department. Seiderman's family came to the United", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 39 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20162261", "chunk_text": "\"Sources for Citizen Kane\"\nin the Atlantic City nightclub was based on a contemporary interview with Evelyn Nesbit Thaw in the run-down club where she was performing. Susan Alexander's last name was taken from Mankiewicz's secretary, Rita Alexander. The character of political boss Jim W. Gettys is based on Charles F. Murphy, a leader in New York City's infamous Tammany Hall political machine. Hearst and Murphy were political allies in 1902, when Hearst was elected to the U.S. House of Representatives, but became enemies in 1905 when Hearst ran for mayor of New York. Hearst turned his muckraking newspapers on Tammany Hall in the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 40 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18963980", "chunk_text": "\"Raising Kane\"\nIn the ensuing controversy Welles was defended by colleagues, critics, biographers and scholars, but his reputation was damaged by its charges. The essay was later discredited after Welles's contributions to the screenplay were documented and Kael's own scholarship was called into question. One of the long-standing controversies about \"\"Citizen Kane\"\" has been the authorship of the screenplay. Orson Welles conceived the project with screenwriter Herman J. Mankiewicz, who was writing radio plays for Welles's CBS Radio series, \"\"The Campbell Playhouse\"\". Mankiewicz based the original outline on the life of William Randolph Hearst, whom he knew socially and came to hate", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 41 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9633947", "chunk_text": "\"Frank Mankiewicz\"\nFrank Mankiewicz Frank Fabian Mankiewicz II (May 16, 1924 – October 23, 2014) was an American journalist, political adviser, president of National Public Radio and public relations executive. Frank Mankiewicz grew up in Beverly Hills, California, the son of Sara (Aaronson) and screenwriter Herman J. Mankiewicz, who co-wrote \"\"Citizen Kane\"\". His uncle, Joseph L. Mankiewicz, directed such films as \"\"All About Eve\"\" and \"\"Cleopatra\"\". His brother was television writer Don Mankiewicz. They grew up near the Marx Brothers, and Harpo Marx was a presence at Mankiewicz family Passover Seders. \"\"He would pick up the Paschal lamb bone and lead a", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 42 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12081059", "chunk_text": "\"Samuel Insull\"\na fictionalized biography of William Randolph Hearst, Orson Welles's film \"\"Citizen Kane\"\" is, in part, inspired by the life of Samuel Insull. \"\"It was a real man who built an opera house for the soprano of his choice, and much in the movie was borrowed from that story,\"\" Welles wrote. Welles gave Maurice Seiderman a photograph of Insull, with mustache, to use as a model for the makeup design of the old Charles Foster Kane. Welles denied that the character of Susan Alexander was based on Gladys Wallis, but co-writer Herman J. Mankiewicz did incorporate a related experience into the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 43 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10167067", "chunk_text": "\"Beyond Citizen Kane\"\nBeyond Citizen Kane Beyond Citizen Kane is a 1993 British documentary film directed by Simon Hartog, produced by John Ellis, and first broadcast on Channel 4. It details the dominant position of the Rede Globo media group, the largest in Brazil, and discusses the group's influence, power, and political connections. Globo's president and founder Roberto Marinho was criticised and compared to the fictional newspaper tycoon Charles Foster Kane, created by Orson Welles for the 1941 film \"\"Citizen Kane.\"\" According to the documentary, Marinho's media group engages in manipulation of news to influence public opinion. Rede Globo objected to the film's", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 44 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1571335", "chunk_text": "\"Sources for Citizen Kane\"\nCastle in San Simeon, California, which also had a private zoo and a large collection of art. As a model for the makeup design of the old Charles Foster Kane, Welles gave Maurice Seiderman a photograph of Chicago industrialist Samuel Insull, with mustache. A protégé of Thomas Edison, Insull was a man of humble origins who became the most powerful figure in the utilities field. He was married to a Broadway ingenue nearly 20 years his junior, spent a fortune trying to re-launch her career, and built the Chicago Civic Opera House. In 1925, after a 26-year absence, Gladys Wallis", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 45 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7478768", "chunk_text": "\"Citizen Kane\"\nactor Jack Carter. \"\"Citizen Kane\"\" was a rare film in that its principal roles were played by actors new to motion pictures. Ten were billed as Mercury Actors, members of the skilled repertory company assembled by Welles for the stage and radio performances of the Mercury Theatre, an independent theater company he founded with Houseman in 1937. \"\"He loved to use the Mercury players,\"\" wrote biographer Charles Higham, \"\"and consequently he launched several of them on movie careers.\"\" The film represents the feature film debuts of William Alland, Ray Collins, Joseph Cotten, Agnes Moorehead, Erskine Sanford, Everett Sloane, Paul Stewart,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 46 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7129026", "chunk_text": "\"Paul Stewart (actor)\"\nPaul Stewart (actor) Paul Stewart (born Paul Sternberg; March 13, 1908 – February 17, 1986) was an American character actor, director and producer who worked in theatre, radio, films and television. He frequently portrayed cynical and sinister characters throughout his career. A friend and associate of Orson Welles for many years, Stewart helped Welles get his first job in radio and was associate producer of the celebrated radio program \"\"The War of the Worlds\"\", in which he also performed. One of the Mercury Theatre players who made their film debut in Welles's landmark film \"\"Citizen Kane\"\", Stewart portrayed Kane's butler", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 47 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1764637", "chunk_text": "\"Joseph Cotten\"\nafter a year, but after a meeting with writer Herman J. Mankiewicz Welles had a suitable project. In mid-1940, filming began on \"\"Citizen Kane\"\", portraying the life of a press magnate (played by Welles) who starts out as an idealist but eventually turns into a corrupt, lonely old man. The film featured Cotten prominently in the role of Kane's best friend Jedediah Leland, eventually a drama critic for one of Kane's papers. When released on May 1, 1941, \"\"Citizen Kane\"\" — based in part on the life of William Randolph Hearst — did not do much business at theaters; Hearst", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 48 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17796403", "chunk_text": "\"Herman J. Mankiewicz\"\nHerman J. Mankiewicz Herman Jacob Mankiewicz (November 7, 1897 – March 5, 1953) was an American screenwriter, who, with Orson Welles, wrote the screenplay for \"\"Citizen Kane\"\" (1941). Earlier, he was the Berlin correspondent for the \"\"Chicago Tribune\"\" and the drama critic for \"\"The New York Times\"\" and \"\"The New Yorker\"\". Alexander Woollcott said that Herman Mankiewicz was the \"\"funniest man in New York\"\". Both Mankiewicz and Welles received Academy Awards for their screenplay. He was often asked to fix the screenplays of other writers, with much of his work uncredited. Occasional flashes of what came to be called the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 49 } ]
test_3475	who sang the theme song to step by step?	n/a	[ "Jesse Frederick James Conaway", "Jesse Frederick" ]	[]	n/a	n/a	n/a	[]	[ { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9714769", "chunk_text": "\"Step by Step (TV series)\"\nBlock Party\"\". The series' ratings, which had been declining for several seasons, continued to erode, and the show ended its run in June 1998. It ended without an official series finale, although the last episode centered on Frank and Carol considering selling the house. The series' theme song \"\"Second Time Around\"\" was written and composed by Jesse Frederick and Bennett Salvay (both wrote the themes for other sitcoms produced by Miller-Boyett Productions such as \"\"Full House\"\", \"\"Perfect Strangers\"\", and \"\"Family Matters\"\"), and was performed by Frederick and Teresa James. The full 87-second version of it was only used during the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 0 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10476052", "chunk_text": "\"Step by Step (New Kids on the Block song)\"\nStep by Step (New Kids on the Block song) \"\"Step by Step\"\" is the biggest-selling hit single from New Kids on the Block. The lead vocals were sung by Jordan Knight. Danny Wood sang \"\"Step 1\"\", Donnie Wahlberg sang \"\"Step 2\"\", Jordan Knight sang \"\"Step 3\"\", Joey McIntyre sang \"\"Step 4\"\", and Jonathan Knight sang \"\"Step 5.\"\" Written by Maurice Starr, it was a huge worldwide hit, selling million copies worldwide, making it one of the biggest selling singles of 1990. It was the first single from the album of the same name, released on May 10, 1990. The song", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 1 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13294676", "chunk_text": "\"Step by Step (New Kids on the Block song)\"\nFunky Ones. Step by Step (New Kids on the Block song) \"\"Step by Step\"\" is the biggest-selling hit single from New Kids on the Block. The lead vocals were sung by Jordan Knight. Danny Wood sang \"\"Step 1\"\", Donnie Wahlberg sang \"\"Step 2\"\", Jordan Knight sang \"\"Step 3\"\", Joey McIntyre sang \"\"Step 4\"\", and Jonathan Knight sang \"\"Step 5.\"\" Written by Maurice Starr, it was a huge worldwide hit, selling million copies worldwide, making it one of the biggest selling singles of 1990. It was the first single from the album of the same name, released on May 10, 1990.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 2 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13755863", "chunk_text": "\"Step Inside Love\"\nStep Inside Love \"\"Step Inside Love\"\" is a song written by Paul McCartney (credited as \"\"Lennon–McCartney\"\") for Cilla Black in 1967 as a theme for her TV series \"\"Cilla\"\", which first aired on 30 January 1968. In late 1967 Paul McCartney was approached to write the theme by Black and her series producer Michael Hurll. He recorded the original demo version at his London home, accompanying himself on guitar, which consisted of just one verse and the chorus. Black's recording of this song was used as the theme during the early weeks of the show, until it was decided that", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 3 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8451687", "chunk_text": "\"Step by Step (TV series)\"\nmain cast and principal producers to appearing over each episode's cold open (which was preceded for the final two seasons by an abbreviated opening bumper featuring the family applauding as Lily blows out the candles on her birthday cake). The theme song was brought back for the seventh season, upon the show's move from ABC to CBS, although it was edited down to include only the chorus and the closing instrumental flourish (restoring the original longer symphonic instrumental heard in the original long version, and the edits used for the second and third seasons). The amusement park seen in the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 4 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8451686", "chunk_text": "\"Step by Step (TV series)\"\nfirst season. It was routinely edited over the following three seasons to allow additional time for scenes: the fourth verse was removed and the chorus was truncated in the second season edit, the kid chorus accompanying Jesse Frederick during the chorus' lyrics was removed in the version used during the third season, and the edit heard during most of the fourth season and the entire fifth season (which lasted for only 65 seconds) eliminated the electric guitar/drum/symphonic instrumental at the beginning. The theme song and title sequence were dropped entirely for the sixth season, relegating the credits for the show's", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 5 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15814947", "chunk_text": "\"Step by Step (Eddie Rabbitt song)\"\nStep by Step (Eddie Rabbitt song) \"\"Step by Step\"\" is a crossover song co-written and recorded by American country music artist Eddie Rabbitt. It was released on July 1981 as the first single and title track from the album \"\"Step by Step\"\". \"\"Step by Step\"\" was Rabbitt's ninth number one single on the country chart. The single stayed at number one for one week and spent a total of 11 weeks on the country chart. It was written by Rabbitt, Even Stevens and David Malloy. In the song, the narrator instructs a friend on how to attract the attentions of", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 6 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "814501", "chunk_text": "\"Step by Step (Annie Lennox song)\"\nStep by Step (Annie Lennox song) \"\"Step by Step\"\" is a song written and originally recorded by singer Annie Lennox, later a cross over pop hit by R&B/pop singer Whitney Houston. The song served as the second single from Houston's 1996 soundtrack album, \"\"The Preacher's Wife\"\". Lennox's recording originally appeared as the B-side to her 1992 single \"\"Precious\"\" Largely, Houston's version replaces Lennox's verses with new lyrics and omits portions from the bridge as well. Annie Lennox also provides background vocals in Houston's rendition. In an interview for \"\"The Nation\"\", Houston said that \"\"Annie sent me this really beautiful, spiritual", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 7 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5255628", "chunk_text": "\"Jesse Frederick\"\nJesse Frederick Jesse Frederick James Conaway (June 25, 1948), known professionally as Jesse Frederick, is an American film and television composer and singer best known for writing and performing the themes to TGIF television shows such as \"\"Perfect Strangers\"\", \"\"Full House\"\", \"\"Family Matters\"\", and \"\"Step By Step\"\" for ABC. Frederick was born Jesse Frederick James Conaway in Salisbury, Maryland, and was raised in Seaford, Delaware. He was the youngest of two children. His brother, Everett Thomas (Tommy) Conaway, Jr. (1944–1956), died of cystic fibrosis at age 12 years. In his early childhood, Jesse was familiarly known as \"\"Freddy\"\" before legally", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 8 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20903151", "chunk_text": "\"Jesse Frederick\"\nbecame a co-producer of \"\"Cooper\"\". He is married to his wife, Holly. Together, they have two grown sons, Kieran and Nikolas. Jesse Frederick Jesse Frederick James Conaway (June 25, 1948), known professionally as Jesse Frederick, is an American film and television composer and singer best known for writing and performing the themes to TGIF television shows such as \"\"Perfect Strangers\"\", \"\"Full House\"\", \"\"Family Matters\"\", and \"\"Step By Step\"\" for ABC. Frederick was born Jesse Frederick James Conaway in Salisbury, Maryland, and was raised in Seaford, Delaware. He was the youngest of two children. His brother, Everett Thomas (Tommy) Conaway, Jr.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 9 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9714763", "chunk_text": "\"Step by Step (TV series)\"\nStep by Step (TV series) Step by Step is an American television sitcom that aired for seven seasons. It ran on ABC as part of its TGIF Friday night lineup from September 20, 1991 to August 15, 1997, then moved to CBS, where it aired from September 19, 1997 to June 26, 1998. Patrick Duffy and Suzanne Somers starred as single parents, each with three children, who spontaneously marry after meeting on vacation, resulting in their becoming the heads of a large blended family. Frank Lambert, a divorced contractor, has three children: John Thomas (J.T.), tomboyish Alicia (Al), and Brendan.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 10 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "27483", "chunk_text": "\"Walk On By (song)\"\nWalk On By (song) \"\"Walk On By\"\" is a song composed by Burt Bacharach, with lyrics by Hal David for singer Dionne Warwick in 1963. The song peaked at number 6 on the US \"\"Billboard\"\" Hot 100 and number 1 on the Cash Box Rhythm and Blues Chart In June 1964 and was nominated for a 1965 Grammy Award for the Best Rhythm and Blues Recording. Isaac Hayes recorded the song five years later, in 1969, and reached number 30 on the Hot 100 chart and number 13 in the R&B charts with his version. \"\"Walk On By\"\" has since", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 11 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13227931", "chunk_text": "\"Step to Me\"\nStep to Me \"\"Step to Me\"\" is a song by the British pop group the Spice Girls. It was written by the group members with Eliot Kennedy and produced by Absolute. This song was included on the Japanese edition of the Spice Girls' second album, \"\"Spiceworld\"\". The song was originally written for the group's debut album Spice but did not make the final cut. In 1997, Pepsi launched a £1 million 'generation next' TV campaign in the United Kingdom—running alongside sales promotion activities, notably one by where consumers collected twenty pink ring pull tabs from promotional Pepsi cans, sent them", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 12 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15493919", "chunk_text": "\"Take a Giant Step (song)\"\nTake a Giant Step (song) \"\"Take a Giant Step\"\" is a song written by Gerry Goffin and Carole King and released by the American band The Monkees in 1966. It was also covered in 1969 by singer Taj Mahal. The song was released as the B-side to the band's single \"\"Last Train to Clarksville\"\" and also as the closing track on side 1 of their debut album \"\"The Monkees\"\". Micky Dolenz sang the lead vocal. The song is presented as a plea to a heartbroken girl to move on from her past romantic disappointments, and to \"\"learn to live again", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 13 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5257594", "chunk_text": "\"Jesse Frederick\"\nStep\"\" was another \"\"TGIF\"\" hit, running six seasons on ABC and its seventh and final on CBS. From 1992 to 1994, Frederick and Salvay's newest project with Miller/Boyett was at first titled \"\"A New Day\"\" in its earliest development. Following a revamp in its creation (by Bickley/Warren), it premiered on \"\"TGIF\"\" in March 1993 as \"\"Getting By\"\". The series had two different theme songs during each of its two seasons, the second of which aired on NBC. The first theme that Frederick and Salvay wrote was sentimental in nature with woodwind instrumentation, and sung by Mark Lennon. The second theme", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 14 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15814948", "chunk_text": "\"Step by Step (Eddie Rabbitt song)\"\na woman to whom he's attracted, concluding the chorus with \"\"step by step, you'll win her love\"\". \"\"Step by Step\"\" maintained Eddie Rabbitt's crossover appeal when the single made it to number five in the Top 40. Step by Step (Eddie Rabbitt song) \"\"Step by Step\"\" is a crossover song co-written and recorded by American country music artist Eddie Rabbitt. It was released on July 1981 as the first single and title track from the album \"\"Step by Step\"\". \"\"Step by Step\"\" was Rabbitt's ninth number one single on the country chart. The single stayed at number one for one", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 15 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12717477", "chunk_text": "\"A Step in the Right Direction\"\nA Step in the Right Direction \"\"A Step in the Right Direction\"\" is a song written by Robert and Richard Sherman for the 1971, Walt Disney musical film production \"\"Bedknobs and Broomsticks\"\". Upon rediscovering the song on the original soundtrack album, Disney decided to reconstruct the original running length of \"\"Bedknobs and Broomsticks\"\", with all the songs. Most of the film material was found, but some segments of another song, \"\"Portobello Road\"\", had to be reconstructed from work prints with digital re-coloration to match the film quality of the main content. The footage for \"\"A Step in the Right Direction\"\"", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 16 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20903140", "chunk_text": "\"Jesse Frederick\"\nthe selected episodes they scored in 1986-88. The two worked on \"\"The Family Man\"\", which boasted a first for both the musical team and Miller/Boyett; it was the first series in the group to have an instrumental opening theme. Programs that ensued for the duo included \"\"Step By Step\"\" in 1991. The latter's title track, \"\"Second Time Around\"\", was sung by Frederick in a duet with Teresa James. It illustrated the story of the show's newly married couple, Frank Lambert (Patrick Duffy) and Carol Foster (Suzanne Somers), as they had visions of mixing their households of kids together. \"\"Step By", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 17 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16433357", "chunk_text": "\"Getting By\"\noff to school. Every cast member received credit as they were seen talking to each other or walking around the kitchen. The theme song was a gentle tune with a traditional Miller/Boyett \"\"inspirational\"\" sound, and was performed by Mark Lennon (who also sang the theme to \"\"Going Places\"\"). The credit font used in these episodes was the same italicized, orange Bookman Old Style font used on \"\"Family Matters\"\". In addition to the title sequence consisting of one entire scene, which was not typical of Miller/Boyett shows, \"\"Getting By\"\" also made use of the special animation effects designed by Creative Tool.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 18 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1492053", "chunk_text": "\"The Next Step (People Under the Stairs album)\"\nof \"\"Movin' On Up\"\", the opening theme of \"\"The Jeffersons\"\". All songs written by Christopher \"\"Thes One\"\" Portugal and Michael \"\"Double K\"\" Turner, except where noted. The Next Step (People Under the Stairs album) The Next Step is the debut album by People Under the Stairs. It was released on March 24, 1998 by Om Records. The duo were responsible for nearly every aspect of the album's production and initial release. Quick sales of the album and its sole single, \"\"The Next Step II\"\", also helped to get the group noticed by the label Om Records, with whom the group", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 19 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14273547", "chunk_text": "\"Step One\"\nStep One Step One is the debut album by British pop group Steps. It was released in the UK and Europe on 14 September 1998. The album charted at number two on UK Albums Chart upon its release, going on to spend 64 weeks in the chart. It was beaten to number one by \"\"This Is My Truth Tell Me Yours\"\" by Manic Street Preachers, who also beat their single \"\"One for Sorrow\"\" to number one on the UK Singles Chart. In 2000, the album was re-released in the US, containing songs from both \"\"Step One\"\" and its successor, \"\"Steptacular\"\".", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 20 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17546888", "chunk_text": "\"Space Ghost Coast to Coast\"\nby Zorak and his band \"\"The Original Way-Outs\"\". The original theme song, \"\"Hit Single\"\", was composed by free jazz guitarist Sonny Sharrock, performed by Sharrock on guitar, Lance Carter on drums, Eddie Horst on bass and Alfreda Gerald on vocals. Sharrock and Carter recorded a number of songs for the show, several of which were later compiled on the album \"\"Space Ghost Coast to Coast\"\". As a tribute to Sharrock, who died in May 1994 shortly after the show first aired, the episode \"\"Sharrock\"\" featured nearly fifteen minutes of unedited takes of music recorded for the show. Seasons 4–6 featured", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 21 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5681479", "chunk_text": "\"You Stepped Out of a Dream\"\nYou Stepped Out of a Dream \"\"You Stepped Out of a Dream\"\" is a popular song with music written by Nacio Herb Brown and lyrics by Gus Kahn that was published in 1940. The song has become a pop and jazz standard, with many recorded versions. It was a centerpiece in the 1941 musical \"\"Ziegfeld Girl\"\", in which it was sung by Tony Martin and accompanied an iconic image of Lana Turner walking down a grand staircase. Although Turner never officially sang or recorded the song, it became her theme song during her peak years as one of Hollywood's top", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 22 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "164827", "chunk_text": "\"A Step in the Right Direction\"\nwas never located. For many decades, it remains lost, and it is believed that the footage was possibly destroyed. A reconstruction of the sequence, using the original music track linked up to existing production stills, was included as a DVD extra to convey an idea of what it would have looked like in the film. A Step in the Right Direction \"\"A Step in the Right Direction\"\" is a song written by Robert and Richard Sherman for the 1971, Walt Disney musical film production \"\"Bedknobs and Broomsticks\"\". Upon rediscovering the song on the original soundtrack album, Disney decided to reconstruct", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 23 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11282586", "chunk_text": "\"Step by Step (1946 film)\"\nStep by Step (1946 film) Step by Step is a 1946 American drama film directed by Phil Rosen, written by Stuart Palmer, and starring Lawrence Tierney, Anne Jeffreys, Lowell Gilmore, Myrna Dell, Harry Harvey, Sr. and Addison Richards. It was released on August 30, 1946, by RKO Pictures. A secretary, Evelyn Smith, lands a job working for Remmy, a Senator. One day while swimming, she encounters Johnny Christopher, a passerby who stopped to admire her. Johnny just returned from active duty in the Pacific during WWII. He and his war dog, Bazuka, flirt with Evelyn who smiles and then returns", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 24 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "600567", "chunk_text": "\"The Crests\"\nThe Crests The Crests were an American doo-wop group, formed by bass vocalist J.T. Carter in the mid 1950s. The group had several Top 40 hits in the late 1950s and early 1960s on Coed Records. Their most popular song, \"\"16 Candles\"\", rose to #2 on the \"\"Billboard\"\" Hot 100 chart in February 1959 selling over one million copies and earning a gold disc status. The group's other hits include \"\"Step By Step\"\", \"\"The Angels Listened In\"\", \"\"Trouble In Paradise\"\", \"\"Six Nights A Week\"\", and \"\"A Year Ago Tonight\"\". The Crests were the first interracially mixed doo-wop group, consisting of", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 25 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6428992", "chunk_text": "\"The Male Man\"\nthe door to greet her. The door opens but it appears the siren is actually a fearsome octopus, much to Bimbo's panic. As the frightened dog runs, the octopus chases him. It also appears the octopus is the intended recipient of the hooded monsters' message as the mollusk picks up the small envelopes that come falling down. Also featured in the cartoon is the 1929 song \"\"Step By Step\"\" (also called \"\"I'm Marching Home to You\"\"). The song was popularized by Walter Van Brunt and Billy Murray who also voiced Bimbo. The Male Man The Male Man is a short", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 26 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15281913", "chunk_text": "\"Step by Step (New Kids on the Block song)\"\nspent three weeks at #1 on the U.S. \"\"Billboard\"\" Hot 100 and was eventually certified platinum; it also spent two weeks at #1 in the Canadian Singles Chart, in total \"\"Step by Step\"\" spent five weeks at #1 in the North American charts. It also peaked at #2 on the UK Singles Chart and was also a top 10 hit in the Australian, French, German, Irish and Norwegian charts. \"\"Step by Step\"\" was initially recorded by one of Maurice Starr's other groups, The Superiors and was released as a single in 1987. Donnie Wahlberg's brother Mark Wahlberg appears in the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 27 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7886717", "chunk_text": "\"Bobby Kris & The Imperials\"\nBobby Kris & The Imperials Bobby Kris & The Imperials were a 1960s Toronto folk-rock band, that had a local hit with Burt Bacharach and Hal David's \"\"Walk On By\"\". The band was originally called J.S. & The Imperials and was led by singer Jim Snowdon and featured pianist Pat Riccio Jr, who was replaced in 1964 by Marty Fisher (born December 26, 1945, Vancouver, British Columbia). The other original members comprised guitarist Al Waugh, bass player Brian Sefchek, saxophone players Jerry Shymanski (aka Mann) and John Crone (born February 4, 1945, Toronto), and drummer Gordon MacBain (born August 5,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 28 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19374907", "chunk_text": "\"Howard Greenfield\"\nHeart\"\", both as recorded by Connie Francis, and \"\"Love Will Keep Us Together\"\", as recorded by Captain & Tennille. He also co-wrote numerous other top 10 hits for Sedaka (including \"\"Oh! Carol\"\", \"\"Stairway to Heaven\"\", \"\"Calendar Girl\"\", \"\"Little Devil\"\", \"\"Happy Birthday Sweet Sixteen\"\", and \"\"Next Door to an Angel\"\"); Francis (including the \"\"Theme to \"\"Where The Boys Are\"\"\"\" and \"\"My Heart Has a Mind of Its Own\"\"); the Everly Brothers (\"\"Crying in the Rain\"\"); Jimmy Clanton (\"\"Venus in Blue Jeans\"\") and the Shirelles (\"\"Foolish Little Girl\"\"). Greenfield also co-wrote the theme songs to numerous 1960s TV series, including \"\"Gidget\"\", \"\"Bewitched\"\",", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 29 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3746918", "chunk_text": "\"Joe Simon (musician)\"\nHome\"\", \"\"Step By Step\"\", \"\"I Need You, You Need Me\"\", \"\"Music in My Bones\"\", \"\"Carry Me\"\", and 1975's \"\"Get Down, Get Down (Get on the Floor)\"\", which gave Simon his third #1 R&B hit, and also a #8 Hot 100 hit. Simon's success escalated with his writing/producing the theme tune for the film, \"\"Cleopatra Jones\"\" in 1973. In the late 1970s/early 1980s, Simon decided to remove his tenor/bass-baritone voice from the secular music world and devote it and other parts of his life to Christianity. Simon began evangelist preaching in Flossmoor, Illinois. In 1983, he produced the album \"\"Lay My", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 30 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1357791", "chunk_text": "\"Theme music\"\nTop 5, 1976); the theme to \"\"Laverne & Shirley\"\", performed by Cyndi Grecco (#25, 1976); the theme to \"\"Friends\"\", \"\"I'll Be There For You\"\", which was a hit for The Rembrandts; the theme from \"\"S.W.A.T.\"\", which was a hit for Rhythm Heritage, the theme song from \"\"Pokémon\"\" (known as \"\"Pokémon Theme\"\" in the \"\"2.B.A. Master\"\" soundtrack), which is a long time hit for Jason Paige, and the theme song from \"\"Drake & Josh\"\", \"\"Found a Way\"\", which was a hit for Drake Bell. The theme song from \"\"iCarly\"\", \"\"Leave It All To Me\"\", was a hit for Miranda Cosgrove and", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 31 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3639222", "chunk_text": "\"Perfect Strangers (TV series)\"\na year after \"\"Perfect Strangers\"\" finished production, many of its existing production staff (namely O'Brien & Alu, Plotkin, co-producer Michael J. Morris and executive story consultant Scott Spencer Gorden) were all assigned to sister series \"\"Getting By\"\" at the start of its second season (1993–94). The show's theme song, \"\"Nothing's Gonna Stop Me Now\"\", was written by Jesse Frederick and Bennett Salvay, who had composed the themes for other Miller-Boyett series, including \"\"Full House\"\", \"\"Step by Step,\"\" and \"\"Perfect Strangers\"\" spin-off \"\"Family Matters\"\". Frederick and Salvay also composed the show's musical score for the entire first two seasons; for the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 32 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2212330", "chunk_text": "\"Stomp (Steps song)\"\npenthouse apartment while the owner Bill (Dave Legeno) is away on business. They, and the other group members, then throw a party for all their friends, but struggle to tidy up before the owner returns. Lee Latchford-Evans rides a Honda CBR 600 FX/Y to the party. These are the formats and track listings of major single releases of \"\"Stomp\"\". Credits adapted from the liner notes of \"\"Buzz\"\". Stomp (Steps song) \"\"Stomp\"\" is a song by Steps, released as a single, which became the group's second and last single to hit No. 1 on the UK Singles Chart. Debuting at No.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 33 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11693008", "chunk_text": "\"The Ventures\"\nof their 1960 \"\"Walk, Don't Run\"\" album which presaged the then-coming surf trend. The theme music of the television show \"\"Hawaii Five-O\"\" continues to be popular. The tune was composed by Morton Stevens, who also composed numerous episode scores. The theme was recorded by the Ventures, whose version reached No. 4 on the \"\"Billboard\"\" Hot 100 pop chart. Because of the tempo of the music, the theme gained popularity in the UK with followers of Northern soul and was popular on dance floors in the 1970s. The \"\"Encyclopædia Britannica\"\" states that the Ventures \"\"served as a prototype for guitar-based rock", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 34 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3339865", "chunk_text": "MTV\n\"\"Columbia\"\" (which took place earlier that year) and of the launch of Apollo 11. Those words were immediately followed by the original MTV theme song, a crunching rock tune composed by Jonathan Elias and John Petersen, playing over the American flag changed to show MTV's logo changing into various textures and designs. MTV producers Alan Goodman and Fred Seibert used this public domain footage as a concept; Seibert said that they had originally planned to use Neil Armstrong's \"\"One small step\"\" quote, but lawyers said that Armstrong owned his name and likeness and that he had refused, so the quote", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 35 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7320249", "chunk_text": "\"Mark Mueller\"\nAl Jarreau, George Benson, Aaron Carter, El DeBarge, Agnetha Fältskog of ABBA, Peter Cetera, The Pointer Sisters (on the Billboard #1 “We Are the World (album)). His theme song for DuckTales is featured on the platinum-selling record . Internationally, Mueller’s songs have been on the UK's BPI-certified platinum and gold records by artists including: Girls Aloud featuring Cheryl (entertainer) Cole, Eternal, Steps and Australia's ARIA-certified gold records including: Jennifer Paige, Lea Michele () and John Farnham of the Little River Band. Mueller received his two Emmy nominations for his work as a lyricist on the ABC-TV series \"\"Life Goes On\"\"", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 36 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10479404", "chunk_text": "\"Step by Step (New Kids on the Block album)\"\nStep by Step (New Kids on the Block album) Step by Step is the fourth studio album by American boy band New Kids on the Block, released in June 1990 via Columbia Records. At the time of release the group was very popular and was being heavily merchandised, with everything from pillowcases, marbles, dolls, to a Saturday morning cartoon with their name and likeness. \"\"Step by Step\"\" went to number one on both the \"\"Billboard\"\" 200 and the UK Albums Chart, with the lead-off title track single topping the charts simultaneously and selling nearly three million copies, making it their", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 37 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2167622", "chunk_text": "\"The Crests\"\nNo: 160201) Unreleased recordings The Crests The Crests were an American doo-wop group, formed by bass vocalist J.T. Carter in the mid 1950s. The group had several Top 40 hits in the late 1950s and early 1960s on Coed Records. Their most popular song, \"\"16 Candles\"\", rose to #2 on the \"\"Billboard\"\" Hot 100 chart in February 1959 selling over one million copies and earning a gold disc status. The group's other hits include \"\"Step By Step\"\", \"\"The Angels Listened In\"\", \"\"Trouble In Paradise\"\", \"\"Six Nights A Week\"\", and \"\"A Year Ago Tonight\"\". The Crests were the first interracially mixed", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 38 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12409614", "chunk_text": "\"White Plains (band)\"\nincluding a White Plains compilation and \"\"The Voice of Tony Burrows\"\", a compilation of hits sung by Burrows under the various group names. The full-length album version of \"\"My Baby Loves Lovin'\"\" has never been featured on any CD. \"\"I've Got You on My Mind\"\" was a UK hit, reaching number 17. The 1973 hit \"\"Step into a Dream\"\" was used in the British television commercials for Butlins' holiday camps. Burrows, Nelson, and Shaw met again in 1974 in First Class, another John Carter project that scored worldwide with their single, \"\"Beach Baby\"\". Note: All singles are on the Deram", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 39 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11810427", "chunk_text": "5,6,7,8\n5,6,7,8 \"\"5,6,7,8\"\" is a song by British group Steps from their debut studio album, \"\"Step One\"\" (1998). It is a techno-pop song written by Barry Upton and Steve Crosby, and produced by Karl Twigg, Mark Topham and Pete Waterman. It was released as their debut single in November 1997 following their being put together after each group member responded to a magazine advert looking for people to audition to be in a pop band. It garnered a negative review from Peter Robinson of \"\"NME\"\" and peaked at number 14 on the UK Singles Chart – one of their lowest chart", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 40 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16501626", "chunk_text": "\"Bob James (musician)\"\nBob James (musician) Robert McElhiney James (born December 25, 1939) is an American Grammy Award-winning jazz keyboardist, arranger, and record producer. He founded the band Fourplay and wrote \"\"Angela,\"\" the theme song for the TV show \"\"Taxi. \"\"He is most famous for standards such as \"\"Nautilus\"\", \"\"Westchester Lady\"\", \"\"Heads\"\", \"\"Night Crawler\"\", \"\"Touchdown\"\", \"\"Blue Lick\"\", \"\"Sign Of the Times\"\", \"\"Spunky\"\", \"\"Marco Polo\"\", \"\"Courtship\"\" and \"\"Just One Thing\"\". Music from his first seven albums has often been sampled and has contributed to the formation of hip hop. Robert McElhiney James was born on Christmas Day 1939 in Marshall, Missouri to Albert Lamkin", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 41 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10318335", "chunk_text": "\"Step in Time\"\nStep in Time \"\"Step In Time\"\" is a song and dance number from Walt Disney's 1964 film \"\"Mary Poppins\"\", and it is composed by Richard M. Sherman and Robert B. Sherman. The choreography for this song was provided by Marc Breaux and Dee Dee Wood. It is sung by Bert, the chimney sweep (Dick Van Dyke) and the other chimney sweeps on the rooftops of London. It is similar to the old British music hall song \"\"Knees Up Mother Brown\"\". In the 1964 film \"\"Mary Poppins\"\" the first part of the song, the lines he says in the verses are", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 42 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3342204", "chunk_text": "\"Step into Christmas\"\nStep into Christmas \"\"Step into Christmas\"\" is a Christmas song written by Elton John and Bernie Taupin, and performed by Elton John. It was released as a stand-alone single in November 1973 with the song \"\"Ho, Ho, Ho (Who'd Be a Turkey at Christmas)\"\" as the B-side. Upon its original 1973 release, the song peaked at No. 24 on the UK Singles Chart, and it reached a new peak of No. 11 on the same chart in 2017. In the United States, the single reached No. 56 on the \"\"Cash Box\"\" Top 100 Singles chart and No. 1 on the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 43 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13366586", "chunk_text": "\"And I Feel Fine... The Best of the I.R.S. Years 1982–1987\"\nintended to include \"\"Theme from Two Steps Onward\"\" as an exclusive track on \"\"Eponymous\"\" but had lost the tape. Demo versions of all four songs recorded during the \"\"Lifes Rich Pageant\"\" sessions were later released on the 25th Anniversary Edition of that album. \"\"And I Feel Fine... The Best of the I.R.S. Years 1982–1987\"\" reached #70 in the UK Albums Chart. In the U.S., each version charted separately, with the two-disc version reaching a higher peak than the single-disc version. All songs written by Bill Berry, Peter Buck, Mike Mills and Michael Stipe except \"\"Superman\"\" by Gary Zekley and Mitchell", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 44 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6220191", "chunk_text": "\"Walk Hand in Hand\"\nWalk Hand in Hand \"\"Walk Hand in Hand\"\" is a popular song by Johnny Cowell, published in 1956. The biggest-selling version recorded of the song was sung by Tony Martin, reaching #2 in the UK and #10 on the United States \"\"Billboard\"\" chart in 1956. The same year, it was recorded by Andy Williams, whose version hit #54 on the chart, and by Ronnie Carroll, whose version reached No. 13 on the UK singles chart. A later recording by Gerry & The Pacemakers reached No.29 on the UK chart, No. 10 in Canada, and \"\"bubbled under\"\" at No.103 on the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 45 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16677823", "chunk_text": "\"Moment by Moment (song)\"\nMoment by Moment (song) \"\"Moment by Moment\"\" is the title theme song to the 1978 Universal Pictures film \"\"Moment by Moment\"\" starring Lily Tomlin and John Travolta. It is written by Lee Holdridge and Molly-Ann Leikin and performed by American singer Yvonne Elliman. The song is featured twice on the film's soundtrack album, as the first track and reprised as the final track, including three instrumental versions. The single's B-side, \"\"Sailing Ships\"\", is a song featured on Elliman's 1978 RSO Records album \"\"Night Flight\"\". Despite the film's commercial and critical failure, \"\"Moment by Moment\"\" was a considerable hit for Yvonne", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 46 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10468602", "chunk_text": "\"Disco Step-by-Step\"\nDisco Step-by-Step Disco Step-by-Step was a local television show in Buffalo, New York which featured disco music, dance instruction, and hustle dancing. The show was created, written, produced and first hosted by Marty Angelo. Taped during 1975 and 1976, the show was seen on local Public-access television cable TV channels in Buffalo and western New York State from January 1, 1977 to June 30, 1977; the program was shot in black and white. On September 23, 1977, the show moved to WBEN-TV (channel 4, now WIVB), where the show saw various technical improvements, including color. The show's host changed with", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 47 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "814506", "chunk_text": "\"Step by Step (Annie Lennox song)\"\n\"\"Billboard\"\" Hot 100 singles chart in the US. Houston's single charted successfully across the globe, reaching the Top 20 in over 45 countries. It was certified Gold by the Recording Industry Association of America. It was also successful in Europe and peaked within the top ten in Austria, the Czech Republic, Denmark, Germany, Hungary, Scotland and Spain. And it also peaked at number ten on the composite European Hot 100. In the United Kingdom, the song was released in late 1996 as the first single from \"\"The Preacher's Wife\"\" soundtrack. It peaked at number six and was certified silver by", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 48 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16433359", "chunk_text": "\"Getting By\"\nmembers and episode scenes were revealed. Natural exteriors were no longer seen in the opening, as all animation was set in front of solid-color backgrounds, many with designs composed of small objects. The credit font was now in a thinner variant of the Bodoni type used on \"\"Step by Step\"\". The theme music was also re-written with new lyrics set to a funky melody; however, a new male vocalist was featured in place of Lennon. First and final scene production credits, as well as the closing credits, used orange/black-embossed Hobo font (the same type used on \"\"Uncle Buck (1990 TV", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 49 } ]
test_3476	when is beyblade burst super z coming out?	n/a	[ "April 2, 2018" ]	[]	n/a	n/a	n/a	[]	[ { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1934825", "chunk_text": "Beyblade\nreleased by Pioneer, who was later named Geneon, and then Cinedigm, all for the first season, and then Funimation for the third season. Now, the license for the first season thus far was transferred to Discotek Media on November 30, 2018, for a SDBD release on January 29, 2019. Another \"\"Beyblade\"\" anime series entitled \"\"Metal Fight Beyblade\"\" was produced by Tatsunoko and SynergySP, and is based on the aforementioned Metal Fight Beyblade manga. It premiered on April 5, 2009. Nelvana has licensed the series, which was released in North America as \"\"Beyblade: Metal Fusion\"\". It premiered on Cartoon Network in", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 0 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9086101", "chunk_text": "\"Beyblade Burst\"\nEnglish subtitled version began streaming on Daisuki in the United States on December 27, 2016 until the website went defunct in 2017. and on Pop Max in the United Kingdom on October 9, 2017. Hasbro and Sunrights are launching the toyline outside of Japan. Toys R Us started distributing the toys in Canada in September 2016 and Hasbro started distributing the toys in the United States in January 2017. Beyblade Burst The story revolves around Valt Aoi and his classmates as they fight their way through tournaments with their eyes set on the title of \"\"World's #1 Blader\"\"! Valt Aoi,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 1 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18733654", "chunk_text": "\"Dragon Ball Super\"\non April 4, 2016. Viz Media began posting free English translations of the manga chapters to their website on June 24, 2016. A print release of the first volume followed in spring 2017. The animated film, \"\"\"\", is the first film in the franchise to be produced under the \"\"Dragon Ball Super\"\" title. The film will be released on December 14, 2018. It will be a continuation to the series that will act as a new arc. A poster showcasing the film's new art style was released on March 12, 2018. A teaser depicting Goku facing off against Broly was", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 2 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9919397", "chunk_text": "Beyblade\nJune 2010 with showings on Saturdays and Sundays, and has lasted four seasons, including Metal Fusion, Metal Masters, Metal Fury, and Shogun Steel. A new Beyblade series is undergoing release named \"\"Beyblade Burst\"\". \"\"Beyblade\"\" inspired two spin-off series: \"\"BeyWheelz\"\" and \"\"\"\". Two theatrical films based on the Beyblade series were produced: \"\"\"\" was released in 2004 and \"\"\"\" was released in 2010. In May 2015, \"\"Deadline Hollywood\"\" announced that Paramount Pictures had acquired the rights to turn it into a live action film after the success of \"\"Transformers\"\" and \"\"G.I. Joe\"\" all of which are owned by Hasbro and released", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 3 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5459452", "chunk_text": "\"Dragon Ball FighterZ\"\nDragon Ball FighterZ Dragon Ball FighterZ is a 2D fighting game developed by Arc System Works and published by Bandai Namco Entertainment. Based on the \"\"Dragon Ball\"\" franchise, it was released for the PlayStation 4, Xbox One, and Microsoft Windows in most regions in January 2018, and in Japan the following month, and was released worldwide for the Nintendo Switch in September 2018. \"\"Dragon Ball FighterZ\"\" received positive reviews from critics, with many citing the game as one of the best fighting games released in the eighth generation of video game consoles. The game's fighting system, character roster, visuals and", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 4 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9518751", "chunk_text": "\"Sushi Striker: The Way of Sushido\"\nRepublic in the Sushi Struggles, the empire forbids the discussion and consumption of sushi within the borders of the subjugated Republic. The game was initially announced at E3 2017 as a Nintendo 3DS exclusive title. The game was later advertised in a March 2018 Nintendo Direct presentation, with announcements of a Nintendo Switch version as well as online multiplayer. The game was released worldwide on June 8, 2018. The player takes on the role of a character named Musashi (whose gender may be set by the player; male Musashi is voiced by Nicholas Roye, and female Musashi is voiced by", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 5 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9919378", "chunk_text": "Beyblade\n8, 2001, to December 24, 2001. The second, \"\"Beyblade V-Force\"\", ran for another 51 episodes from January 7, 2002, until December 30, 2002. \"\"Beyblade G-Revolution\"\", the third and final adaptation, also spanned 52 episodes (the last two episodes were released together as a double-length special in Japan) and aired from January 6, 2003, until its conclusion on December 29, 2003. Hasbro Studios and Nelvana Limited licensed the anime for an English-language release. On November 30, 2018, Discotek Media licensed the anime for SD Blu-ray releases starting with Season 1 for a January 29, 2019 release. Takara Tomy developed the \"\"Beyblade\"\"", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 6 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20916348", "chunk_text": "\"Super Robot Wars V\"\nare performed by Anison group JAM Project, with the single \"\"The Exceeder\"\" being officially released on March 1, 2017. Japanese gaming magazine \"\"Famitsu\"\" rated the game a 34/40, With the game itself selling more than 500,000 Copies in both Japan and Asia. It was awarded the \"\"Gold Prize\"\" award by Sony at the 2018 PlayStation Awards. Super Robot Wars V Like the previous titles of the series, Super Robot Wars V is a Tactical RPG game with story elements and utilizes the same graphics engine seen in \"\"3rd Super Robot Wars Z\"\", but with an inclusion of a 3d isometric", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 7 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16736935", "chunk_text": "\"Super Bomberman R\"\nto the Starry Sky Nebula to face the Buggler army. \"\"Super Bomberman R\"\" was developed by Konami and HexaDrive, and several people involved in the game are former Hudson Soft staff who had worked in past Bomberman titles. The game was announced on 12 January 2017 and released 3 March 2017 as a launch title for the Nintendo Switch console. On 20 April 2017 free DLC was announced alongside regular updates with various gameplay improvements. The first DLC set includes four new stages and two new accessories. Future updates with various playable characters from other Konami franchises—including Vic Viper from", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 8 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4452843", "chunk_text": "\"BanG Dream!\"\nalso announced, which will premiere in October 2019. The mobile rhythm game titled is developed by Craft Egg and published by Bushiroad's Bushimo for Android and iOS platforms. It was first released in Japan on March 16, 2017 while the global version was released on April 4, 2018. The setting of the game mainly conforms to the world view of \"\"BanG Dream!\"\" after the first season of the TV series. In addition to the main band Poppin' Party, new original, playable bands—Afterglow, Pastel*Palettes, Roselia, and Hello, Happy World!—are added. The main story of the game puts players in the role", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 9 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17241735", "chunk_text": "\"Mazinger Z: Infinity\"\nThe Japanese premiere was on January 13, 2018, and the film opened at #6 at the Japanese box office. It was released on DVD and Blu-Ray disc in Japan on August 18, 2018. On November 2017, Viz Media announced at Anime NYC that had licensed the movie, and will release it in the US in 2018. The film had a limited English subbed theatrical screening theatrically in the United States from February 11 to February 12 2018. Mazinger Z: Infinity 10 years after the end of the war against Dr. Hell and his Mechanical Beasts, the world lives in an", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 10 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8223993", "chunk_text": "\"Beyblade Burst\"\ngrew up in nature. After battling Valt Aoi, he became inspired to become the No.1 Blader in the world, along with his beyblade, Z Achilles. He aims to fight strong opponents in an effort to become stronger himself. To defeat Valt Aoi and become the World Champion, Aiger begins his journey. Age:13 <onlyinclude> </onlyinclude> An English dub of the anime premiered on Teletoon in Canada on September 10, 2016 and on Disney XD on October 2. The dub premiered on 9Go! in Australia on December 5, 2016 and on Disney XD in the United States on December 19, 2016. An", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 11 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12568830", "chunk_text": "\"Samurai Shodown V Special\"\nbe smashed into a wall. The only way for players outside of an arcade to experience the Zetsumei Ougis was either through emulation or to get an unfixed version of the game and apply Razoola's Universe Bios to it, which allows access to the uncensored versions of the moves and fixes the bugs that the censorship created. Over a decade later, the game was released by SNK and Code Mystics for the PlayStation 4 and PlayStation Vita on September 12, 2017. The game is fully intact with the uncensored content in addition to settings to change the violence and blood", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 12 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "137453", "chunk_text": "\"Super Meat Boy\"\nbe profitable so late into the Wii's lifecycle. However, after Team Meat hinted it in October 2015, \"\"Super Meat Boy\"\" has been confirmed for the Wii U eShop via a release reel shown on the European Nintendo Direct of March 2016. The Wii U port is handled by BlitWorks, a separate indie developer, and was released in 2016. Team Meat announced a Nintendo Switch port in August 2017, and it is releasing on January 11, 2018. The Switch version included a platform-exclusive \"\"Race Mode\"\", allowing two players on the Switch's split-screen and using separate Joy-Con to race through sets of", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 13 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19344051", "chunk_text": "Z/X\nseries adaptation titled \"\"Z/X Ignition\"\" aired between January 9, 2014 and March 27, 2014. A new anime series was announced in February 2015, which was later revealed to be an adaptation of a new manga series titled \"\"Z/X Code reunion\"\". It is written by Tatsuhiko Urahata with art by Takuya Fujima, and it began serialization in \"\"V Jump\"\" from September 2017. The anime adaptation will be produced by Passione and is scheduled to air from October 2019. A 12-episode anime television series adaptation titled \"\"Z/X Ignition\"\" aired between January 9, 2014 and March 27, 2014. A new anime adaptation was", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 14 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18733655", "chunk_text": "\"Dragon Ball Super\"\nreleased a week later. The first trailer was released at San Diego Comic-Con International 2018. The second trailer was released on October 4, 2018. The English version of the second trailer was released on October 5, 2018. The anime episodes are being released on Japanese Blu-ray and DVD sets that contain twelve episodes each. The first set was released on December 2, 2015. The second set was released on March 2, 2016. The third set was released on July 2, 2016. The fourth set was released on October 4, 2016. Bandai announced that a line of \"\"Dragon Ball Super\"\" toys", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 15 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9519845", "chunk_text": "\"Senran Kagura\"\nwater gun third-person shooter for the PlayStation 4 and Microsoft Windows. It features over 30 girls who play on teams. \"\"Peach Beach Splash\"\" was released in Japan on March 16, 2017. The game released in North America on September 26, 2017 and in Europe on September 22, 2017 for the PlayStation 4, and later worldwide on March 7, 2018 for the PC. As part of full collaboration with Tecmo Koei's Team Ninja on releasing the DLC costumes in \"\"\"\" and \"\"Dead or Alive Xtreme 3\"\", and adds Ayane as a DLC character in \"\"Estival Versus\"\", the \"\"Dead or Alive\"\" characters'", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 16 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20650726", "chunk_text": "\"Megadimension Neptunia VII\"\nSilicon Studio's OROCHI 4 game engine and MIZUCHI rendering engine. It was released in Japan on August 24, 2017, in North America on May 8, 2018, and in Europe on May 11, 2018. The game is also releasing on Steam with HTC Vive and Oculus Rift functionality. \"\"Megadimension Neptunia VII\"\" has received mixed reviews from critics, scoring 71/100 on Metacritic, and 70.00% on GameRankings. The game received a review score of 32/40 by \"\"Famitsu\"\". Marcus Estrada of Hardcore Gamer gave the game a 3 out of 5 saying, \"\"Megadimension Neptunia VII is slightly refreshing, but not enough to really revitalize", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 17 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15242968", "chunk_text": "\"BeyWarriors: Cyborg\"\nIndia on October 3, 2015. The Japanese version of the series began streaming on February 27, 2015 on the Anime Hodai streaming service. It was later streamed on U-Next. In conjunction with the channel's then upcoming broadcast of \"\"Beyblade Burst\"\", Disney XD in the United States acquired the catalog rights to the entire \"\"Beyblade\"\" franchise in late 2016. This included \"\"BeyWarriors: Cyborg\"\", though as of 2018 the series remains unreleased in North America. The newest series of the Beyblade saga is BeyWarriors: Cyborg, warriors who resemble half-creatures and half-machines. Mysterious objects called \"\"Beyraiderz\"\" are found in the sanctuaries of Teslandia.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 18 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5055137", "chunk_text": "\"Fate/Extella: The Umbral Star\"\nhas developed alternative costumes for characters as downloadable content: one such costume, for Gilgamesh, had to be redesigned for \"\"various reasons\"\". While Marvelous did not elaborate, some journalists speculated that it was due to its resemblance to Nazi officer uniforms. The game was released for the PlayStation 4 and the PlayStation Vita by Marvelous on November 10, 2016 in Japan and on January 20, 2017 in Europe and Australia, and by Xseed Games in North America on January 17, 2017. A Nintendo Switch version was also planned. The PlayStation 4 version would receive a patch that adds support for the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 19 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12687225", "chunk_text": "Atomega\n\"\"hacks\"\", which are golden cubes that give Exoform additional skills such as healing and knocking off opponents when they are collected. The game was developed by the team at Ubisoft Reflections which had developed \"\"Grow Home\"\" and \"\"Grow Up\"\". The aim of the project is to create an \"\"unusual\"\" idea that will surprise players. The game was announced on September 11, 2017, and was released a week later, on September 17, 2017 for Microsoft Windows via Steam. The game only includes one mode and one map at launch. The game received mixed reviews from critics. Review aggregator Metacritic calculated an", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 20 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "260666", "chunk_text": "\"Axiom Verge\"\nreleased on November 21, 2017, in North America. The European release happened on January 29, 2018. The game received critical acclaim upon release, with praise particularly directed to its setting, weapons, boss battles, control, upgrades and secrets featured. Aggregating review websites GameRankings and Metacritic gave the PlayStation 4 version 84% based on 50 reviews and 84/100 based on 61 reviews. Jeff Gerstmann from Giant Bomb gave the game a perfect score, praising its huge variety of weapons, as well as its rewarding and worthwhile upgrades. He also praised the game for encouraging players to reach 100% completion, the audio and", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 21 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7021364", "chunk_text": "\"Metal Gear Survive\"\ninvolved with the game. He jokingly said that \"\"Metal Gear Survive\"\" would even have mechs if he worked on it. The game was released on 20 February 2018 in North America, 21 February 2018 in Japan, and 22 February 2018 in Europe, Australia and New Zealand. \"\"Metal Gear Survive\"\" received a generally negative response following its announcement, in part due to the controversies surrounding Konami's recent business decisions and Kojima's departure from the company. Complaints focused on the game's genre and theme (being branded as \"\"generic\"\" as it revolved around fighting zombie-like enemies through co-op and multiplayer), recycled assets from", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 22 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18507000", "chunk_text": "\"Senran Kagura: Peach Beach Splash\"\nAmerican, European, and Australian release is planned for September 22, 2017. The developers said during the development that they were planning to add further characters, costumes and story content to as downloadable content (DLC); Takaki hoped that this would include collaboration content. Such DLC was later announced, and includes crossover characters from \"\"Super Sonico\"\", \"\"Dead or Alive Xtreme 3\"\" and \"\"Ikki Tousen\"\". In May 2017, an update was released, adding a capture-the-flag game mode, a new map, and two new story episodes; another update was released in September 2018 for the Windows version, adding a virtual reality mode. On February", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 23 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7444533", "chunk_text": "\"Blade Arcus from Shining\"\nannounced for the PlayStation 4 and Nintendo Switch with a release date of March 14, 2019. It will feature extra characters from \"\"Shining Resonance Refrain\"\". The game is played using an 8-directional joystick and four buttons. Three buttons, designated A, B, C, correspond respectively to the light, medium, and heavy attacks. The fourth, designated D, is used for the Support Link. Players select two characters to form a tag-team pairing. They control their primary characters, and are able to switch to using their supporting characters after each round. \"\"Blade Arcus from Shining\"\" features sixteen playable characters drawn from across all", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 24 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20634954", "chunk_text": "\"Dragon's Crown\"\nduring the Tokyo Game Show 2017. It was released in Japan on February 8, 2018 and was released in North America and Europe on May 15, 2018. The port features high definition graphics with 4k resolution support, a newly recorded soundtrack performed by a live orchestra, English and Japanese audio options, online cross-play and save compatibility with the PlayStation 3 and Vita versions, and all original downloadable content. \"\"Dragon's Crown\"\" received generally positive reception from critics, according to review aggregator Metacritic. IGN gave \"\"Dragon's Crown\"\" a score of 8.5/10, calling it \"\"great\"\", whilst GameSpot applauded the visual quality of the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 25 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8234235", "chunk_text": "\"Abzû\"\nin multiple aspects of game design from gameplay to graphics, in addition to a graphical and technical artist who helped create and animate the character models. The game was first announced at the 2014 Electronic Entertainment Expo (E3). It was later previewed at E3 2016. The game's initial digital release was on PlayStation 4 via PlayStation Network and Microsoft Windows through Steam on August 2, 2016. Later it was also released digitally on Xbox One through Xbox Live on December 6, 2016 and on Nintendo Switch through the Nintendo eShop on November 29, 2018. The game also received a physical", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 26 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5702443", "chunk_text": "\"Fighting EX Layer\"\nsearching for potential partnerships with publishers and investors to secure additional funding, which would allow the development team to expand the game's scope and character roster. The game's official title was announced in November 2017. A public beta featuring six playable characters was made available to download on the PlayStation 4 on 11 December 2017 and ran for two weeks. The developers used the beta to test online connectivity and gather player feedback. The game was released for PlayStation 4 on 28 June 2018. The game is available in two versions: A lower-priced “light” version of the game includes twelve", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 27 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18726049", "chunk_text": "Z/X\nannounced in February 2015. It was later revealed at the Z/Xtreme 2017.Autumn event on September 17, 2017 to be an adaptation of a new manga series titled \"\"Z/X Code reunion\"\". It will be animated by Passione and is scheduled to air from October 2019. Z/X , also known as Z/X Zillions of enemy X, is a collectible card game produced by Nippon Ichi Software and Broccoli. It is marketed as the first \"\"free\"\" collectible card game, with a free deck offered to players at card shops and events in Japan. A PlayStation 3 game titled \"\"Z/X Zillions of Enemy X:", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 28 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4717464", "chunk_text": "\"Strange Brigade\"\nDead\"\" and Rebellion's own \"\"Zombie Army Trilogy\"\", while the story and the game's tone were inspired by the adventure serials released in the 1930s. Announced on June 7, 2017, the game was released on August 28, 2018. Players who pre-ordered the game were given access to the \"\"Secret Service Weapons\"\" pack, while those who purchased the Digital Deluxe edition have access to the game's season pass and other post-launch content for free. There is also a Collector's Edition which contains physical items such as an airship model and an artbook. According to review aggregator Metacritic, the PC and PlayStation 4", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 29 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18334660", "chunk_text": "\"Kirby (series)\"\ngame was \"\"Kirby's Blowout Blast\"\", an upgraded version of the Kirby: Planet Robobot mini-game \"\"Kirby 3D Rumble\"\" which was released on July 4, 2017 in Japan, and on July 6, 2017 in North America, Europe and Australasia. The third game was \"\"Kirby Battle Royale\"\", an action-multiplayer fighting game which was released on November 3, 2017 in Europe and Australasia, November 30, 2017 in Japan, and January 19, 2018 in North America. At E3 2017, Nintendo unveiled a new installment for the Nintendo Switch, tentatively named as \"\"Kirby\"\", later given the title \"\"Kirby Star Allies\"\". The game was released on March", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 30 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10246085", "chunk_text": "\"Beat Saber\"\nand 10 songs. An editor was announced for release, which would allow for the creation of custom user songs, but it was later postponed indefinitely. On June 25, 2018 the developers announced that multiplayer was being worked into the game. The game was released on PlayStation 4 on November 20, 2018. The game uses the PS VR Headset and two PS Move controllers. A single-saber mode is also available. During Early Access \"\"Beat Saber\"\" received overwhelmingly positive reviews, becoming the highest rated game on Steam less than a week after its early access release. The game was nominated for \"\"Best", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 31 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6245163", "chunk_text": "\"Great Mazinger\"\nJudgment and Super Robots Wars W, although only Draydou, Birdler, and Hadias are actual units. Great Mazinger \"\"\"\", a theatrical film sequel, taking place 10 years after the original series, was animated by Toei Animation and released in theaters on January 13, 2018. The story centers on , an orphan raised by , who is the once thought dead father of Mazinger Z pilot Kouji Kabuto. Kenzo Kabuto is the creator of the new and improved version of Mazinger, which was based on his father's \"\"Chogokin Z\"\" (Super Alloy Z). The new version was designed with a stronger form to", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 32 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7830039", "chunk_text": "B-Project\nobtained, it also appears to have a story mode including some chapters in a visual novel game style. In a live broadcast on nicovideo on June 9, 2017, it was announced that the game would finally be released in the second half of June. It was then announced on June 27 via Twitter that the game would be released the next day, on June 28, 2017. Owing to an unexpected number of users, the game was largely in maintenance for its first week so that the servers could be upgraded to handle the increased amount of activity. The first release", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 33 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8765739", "chunk_text": "\"Lost Sphear\"\nplatform. A demo of the game was made playable at PAX West, and was made downloadable in Japan a month before its release. The game was released in Japan on October 12, 2017, and worldwide on January 23, 2018. The game had a physical release in a limited capacity outside of Japan for the PlayStation 4 and Switch. The game's soundtrack was written by Tomoki Miyoshi, who previously worked on the music for \"\"I Am Setsuna\"\". The game's initial Japanese release far undersold the numbers of its predecessor \"\"I Am Setsuna\"\"; while \"\"I Am Setsuna\"\" sold a combined 61,263 copies", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 34 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20954649", "chunk_text": "\"Dragon Ball Super: Broly\"\nBudokan in Tokyo on November 14, 2018. This event was limited to only 1,000 guests that were selected via lottery through \"\"Weekly Shōnen Jump\"\" No.47 and the December \"\"V Jump\"\". \"\"Broly\"\" was open nationwide in Japan on December 14, 2018, while Funimation's English dub had its world premiere at TCL Chinese Theatre in Los Angeles on December 13 followed by its United States and Canada release a month later on January 16, 2019 by Funimation Films. In the UK the film will be released on January 23 and 24, 2019. In its opening weekend, the film was shown on 467", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 35 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13453741", "chunk_text": "\"Pop Team Epic\"\nthe \"\"Manga Life Win\"\" website between February 18, 2016 and April 30, 2017. The second volume was released on June 7, 2017. A \"\"third season\"\" began on the \"\"Manga Life Win\"\" website on October 10, 2017. The manga is licensed in North America by Vertical, who began releasing the series in October 2018. A comic anthology based on the fictional \"\"Hoshiiro Girldrop\"\" manga featured in the series was released on January 9, 2018. An anime adaptation of the series was announced on April 2, 2017. It was initially teased as an adaptation of \"\"Hoshiiro Girldrop\"\" on April Fool's Day 2017.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 36 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18506999", "chunk_text": "\"Senran Kagura: Peach Beach Splash\"\nwere working on creating a large number of costume options that become transparent when wet. The game was announced through \"\"Famitsu\"\" in October 2016, and had gone gold by February 2017. It was released for PlayStation 4 on March 16, 2017 in Japan. The Japanese release was made available in a standard edition, as well as a limited edition that includes an illustrated box, an artbook, a Blu-ray with the opening animation, the game's soundtrack, and five pieces of DLC. A more expensive limited edition that also includes a large mousepad depicting the character Yumi was also released. A North", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 37 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15826587", "chunk_text": "\"Invader Zim\"\nZim hatching a new plan to achieve his goal\"\". In October 2017, Rikki Simons, voice actor of GIR, in a video interview at the Gulf Coast Fan Fest, stated that the movie would be released sometime in 2018. However, at this point in time a 2019 release date looks more realistic for the film as it has been confirmed to still be in post production. On June 26, 2018, it was announced the movie would be titled \"\"\"\" and that there was a panel for the film at SDCC 2018 on July 20 featuring behind-the-scenes promotional art and exclusive sneak", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 38 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13449024", "chunk_text": "\"Metal Max Xeno\"\nwas released on 19 April 2018, the Chinese version was released on 19 May 2018 and the English version was released on 25 September 2018. According to \"\"Famitsu\"\", two version of the game was sold 29,700 copies in its first released week. Famitsu scored the game a 31 out of 40. The game holds a score of 66 on metacritic based on 7 reviews. Metal Max Xeno \"\"Metal Max Xeno\"\" takes place in the former location of Tokyo Bay, now a desert referred to as Distokio by its inhabitants, approximately a century after the \"\"Great Annihilation\"\" in which the supercomputer", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 39 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11489756", "chunk_text": "\"Beyblade: Metal Fusion\"\nthe \"\"Beyblade: Metal Fusion\"\" series was \"\"Metal Fight Beyblade DS\"\", which debuted on March 26, 2009 for the Nintendo DS. The majority of the games produced so far have only been released in Japan, though Hudson Soft has localized the second Nintendo DS game and the Wii game for North America, which is called \"\"Battle Fortress\"\". So far, all dedicated \"\"Metal Fight Beyblade\"\" games have been developed and published by Hudson. The most recent \"\"Metal Fight Beyblade\"\" video game to be released was \"\"Metal Fight Beyblade: Choujou Kessen! Big Bang Blader\"\" for the DS in Japan, which was released on", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 40 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20528607", "chunk_text": "\"Star Blazers: Space Battleship Yamato 2202\"\ntrailer of the film with the song \"\"From Yamato with Love\"\" and followed with the 12-minute preview stream of the first chapter. The second film was released on June 24, 2017 the third released on October 14, 2017, while the fourth film is released on January 27, 2018. The fifth film was released on May 25, 2018; the sixth film on November 2, 2018 and the seventh and final film will be released on March 1, 2019. As with the first series, \"\"Space Battleship Yamato 2199\"\", Voyager Entertainment and Funimation both licensed the series in North American territories, which commenced", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 41 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6489360", "chunk_text": "\"Hyper Light Drifter\"\nup on these systems due to issues with GameMaker Studio on these platforms, noting that it took six months to get the game ported to PlayStation and Xbox. Preston also had further concerns on his own health, putting his well-being as a priority. The ongoing issues between Nintendo and YoYo Games were not resolved until the announcement of \"\"Undertale\"\" for the Nintendo Switch in March 2018. A deal has been struck between the two companies to support any GameMaker Studio-based game on Nintendo's platform starting from Q3 2018. Subsequently, \"\"Hyper Light Drifter: Special Edition\"\" was launched on September 6, 2018", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 42 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9460138", "chunk_text": "\"Pokémon the Movie: The Power of Us\"\nsong titled \"\"Breath\"\". Anime News Network founder, Justin Sevakis, said in an Answerman post about music changes in dubs that a source close to the production of the English adaptation confirmed that the score will not be replaced, as it did for the past few years. The movie premiered in Japanese theaters on July 13, 2018, received a limited release in the United Kingdom, Ireland, United States, and Canada starting on November 24, 2018 to December 1, 2018 plus additional screening on December 3, 2018 in United States by Fathom Events and will be released in Australia and New Zealand", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 43 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17334873", "chunk_text": "\"Super Smash Bros. Ultimate\"\nand revealed it at E3 2018. It was released worldwide on December 7, 2018, and will be supported after release with DLC adding new characters and related stages. \"\"Ultimate\"\" received universal acclaim, with some critics calling it the best \"\"Super Smash Bros.\"\" game. They praised its large amount of content and fine-tuning of existing \"\"Smash\"\" gameplay elements, although its online mode received criticism. It was estimated that the game sold over five million copies worldwide within three days of release. \"\"Super Smash Bros. Ultimate\"\" is a fighting game for up to 8 players in which characters from Nintendo games and", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 44 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14210345", "chunk_text": "\"Dragon Ball Heroes\"\nMarch 2017, when it was relaunched as . Nagayama also drew . Serialized in \"\"Saikyō Jump\"\" since August 5, 2016, its first collected volume was published on May 2, 2017 and its second on May 2, 2018. The series was relaunched as on April 6, 2018 and is serialized alongside \"\"Ultimate Charisma Mission!!\"\". In May 2018, \"\"V Jump\"\" announced a promotional anime for \"\"Super Dragon Ball Heroes\"\" that will adapt the game's Prison Planet arc. A teaser trailer for the first episode was released on June 21, 2018 and shows the new characters and , an evil Saiyan. The first", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 45 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1323664", "chunk_text": "\"Super Smash Bros.\"\nwhere it was also announced that it would contain all playable characters from every previous game. The game was released worldwide on December 7, 2018; according to the review aggregator platform Metacritic, it received \"\"universal critical acclaim\"\" from critics. Additional characters include the Inklings from \"\"Splatoon\"\", Ridley, King K. Rool, , and third party character Simon Belmont as well as Echo Fighters Princess Daisy (based on Peach), Richter Belmont (based on Simon), Chrom (based on Roy), Ken (based on Ryu), and Dark Samus (based on Samus). Gameplay in the \"\"Super Smash Bros.\"\" series differs from many fighting games. Instead of", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 46 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20792050", "chunk_text": "\"Xenoblade Chronicles 2\"\nan issue with \"\"Xenoblade Chronicles X\"\". The game had a simultaneous worldwide launch on December 1, 2017, as the localization process took place during development rather than after it, unlike the first two games. Additional story-based downloadable content was made for the game, with the first being \"\"\"\". The content was released digitally as part of the game's expansion pass on September 14, 2018, and at retail on September 21. The game's original score was written by Yasunori Mitsuda, ACE (Tomori Kudo and Hiroyo \"\"Chico\"\" Yamanaka), Kenji Hiramatsu, and Manami Kiyota. Mitsuda, who was also in charge of the audio", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 47 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5174975", "chunk_text": "\"Street Fighter V\"\n5, 2017, Capcom announced \"\"Street Fighter V: Arcade Edition\"\", for release on January 16, 2018 in United States and Japan and on 19 January 2018 in Europe. The game includes codes for all of the DLC characters from seasons 1 and 2, as well as new interface graphics, two new gameplay modes (Arcade Mode and Extra Battle Mode), one additional V-Trigger per character, and a new CG opening cinematic. The game is available both as a free downloadable update for owners of the original game, and a standalone retail game sold at a reduced price. Starting on December 11, 2018,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 48 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19742506", "chunk_text": "\"Double Dragon IV\"\nfrom those titles, rather than the arcade original. The game was released on January 30, 2017, for PlayStation 4 and January 31 for Microsoft Windows. A version for Nintendo Switch was released on September 7, 2017. \"\"Double Dragon IV\"\" received mixed to negative reviews. According to video game review aggregator Metacritic, the PS4 has a score of 49, while the PC version has a score of 50. Destructoid gave it a 6/10, stating \"\"Arc System Work's staunch dedication to the retro aesthetic for \"\"Double Dragon IV\"\" is admirable, but still falls short of the mark even when juxtaposed to several", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 49 } ]
test_3477	who played scotty baldwins father on general hospital?	n/a	[ "Ross Elliott", "Peter Hansen" ]	[]	n/a	n/a	n/a	[]	[ { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12104553", "chunk_text": "\"Kin Shriner\"\nKin Shriner Kin Shriner (born December 6, 1953) is an American actor, best known for his portrayal of Scott Baldwin on the ABC soap opera \"\"General Hospital\"\" and its spin-off \"\"Port Charles\"\". Shriner and his twin brother, actor Wil Shriner, were born in New York City to the late Eileen \"\"Pixie\"\" McDermott and Herb Shriner, a popular television personality. The boys' parents died in an automobile accident when the twins were teenagers, after which the brothers moved to Texas to live with their grandmother. Shriner was employed by Fuller Brush as a door-to-door salesman before becoming an actor. He was", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 0 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3399200", "chunk_text": "\"Lee Baldwin\"\nLee Baldwin Lee Baldwin is a fictional character on the daytime dramas \"\"General Hospital\"\" and \"\"Port Charles\"\". Ross Elliott originated the role on \"\"General Hospital\"\" in 1963. Peter Hansen inherited the role in 1965 and played it until 1986 and again from 1989 to 1990 before returning permanently from 1992 to 2004. Lee Baldwin is the adoptive father of Scott Baldwin. A recovering alcoholic, Lee is a pillar in the community and has a thriving law practice. Scott has sometimes been a disappointment to Lee over the years but these days, Lee couldn't be more proud of Scott and the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 1 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11359852", "chunk_text": "\"Lee Baldwin\"\nintimate. Their second attempt at marriage ended in divorce soon afterwards due to her pre-occupation with Luke's ongoing problems. On July 13, 2017, Lucy comes to Scott to report Lee's passing (actor Peter Hansen died on April 9). Lee Baldwin Lee Baldwin is a fictional character on the daytime dramas \"\"General Hospital\"\" and \"\"Port Charles\"\". Ross Elliott originated the role on \"\"General Hospital\"\" in 1963. Peter Hansen inherited the role in 1965 and played it until 1986 and again from 1989 to 1990 before returning permanently from 1992 to 2004. Lee Baldwin is the adoptive father of Scott Baldwin. A", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 2 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5458721", "chunk_text": "\"Franco (General Hospital)\"\nfor a time it was believed that he was Jason's twin brother. In May 2013, Roger Howarth assumed the role when the character is revealed to be alive. Franco's return brought about the revelation that his biological parents are Scott Baldwin (Kin Shriner) and Heather Webber (Robin Mattson). James Franco's casting on \"\"General Hospital\"\" was met by surprise and mixed reviews. Franco also used his time on the series to create a documentary that was shown at the Tribeca Film Festival, and turned a scene filming at MOCA into a live performance piece. The attention Franco garnered boosted publicity for", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 3 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15687619", "chunk_text": "\"Scott Baldwin\"\nScott Baldwin Scott Baldwin is a fictional character from the ABC soap opera \"\"General Hospital\"\" and its now-defunct spinoff \"\"Port Charles\"\". The character debuted played by child actors in the 1960s until Kin Shriner assumed the role in 1977. Scotty is often remembered as part of the love triangle with Luke and Laura Spencer. When his wife Laura Webber left him for Luke Spencer, his devastation led to a drastic personality change. The character became one of \"\"General Hospital's\"\" long-running villains. However, on \"\"Port Charles\"\", the character was portrayed in a more heroic sense. The character was originated as a", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 4 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16974348", "chunk_text": "\"Martin West (actor)\"\nMartin West (actor) Martin West (born Martin Weixelbaum; August 28, 1937 in Southampton, New York, USA) is an American actor of film and television best known for playing the grieving father Lawson in \"\"John Carpenter's Assault on Precinct 13\"\" as well as the lead role in \"\"Freckles\"\". He is also known for playing roles in the soap opera's \"\"General Hospital\"\" as Dr Phil Brewer and \"\"As the World Turns\"\" as Donald \"\"Don\"\" Hughes (he was the fifth actor to play both of these roles). His work also includes appearances in films such as \"\"Soldier Blue\"\" and \"\"Mac and Me\"\" and", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 5 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "133749", "chunk_text": "\"Franco (General Hospital)\"\nto be benign and removed, but due to some cancerous cells he cannot donate bone marrow to Danny after his struggle with Epiphany Johnson (Sonya Eddy). While he is sleeping in recovery, it is found that Kiki is not his daughter. In November 2013, Heather reveals that she is Franco's biological mother and Scott Baldwin (Kin Shriner) is his father. Not too long after, Franco begins a secret relationship with Carly Jacks. In December, Franco stabbed his mother after he found her in his apartment about to kill Carly, who was in the shower after Jerry Jacks (Sebastian Roché) fled", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 6 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3247963", "chunk_text": "\"Scott Baldwin\"\nby Jerry Jacks. Scott Baldwin Scott Baldwin is a fictional character from the ABC soap opera \"\"General Hospital\"\" and its now-defunct spinoff \"\"Port Charles\"\". The character debuted played by child actors in the 1960s until Kin Shriner assumed the role in 1977. Scotty is often remembered as part of the love triangle with Luke and Laura Spencer. When his wife Laura Webber left him for Luke Spencer, his devastation led to a drastic personality change. The character became one of \"\"General Hospital's\"\" long-running villains. However, on \"\"Port Charles\"\", the character was portrayed in a more heroic sense. The character was", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 7 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18576418", "chunk_text": "\"Johnny Whitaker\"\nJohnny Whitaker John Orson Whitaker, Jr. (born December 13, 1959) is an American actor notable for several performances for film and television during his childhood. The redheaded Whitaker is best known for his role as Jody Davis on \"\"Family Affair\"\" from 1966 to 1971. He also originated the role of Scotty Baldwin on \"\"General Hospital\"\" in 1965, played the lead in Hallmark's 1969 \"\"The Littlest Angel\"\", and portrayed the title character in the 1973 musical version of \"\"Tom Sawyer\"\". Whitaker was born in the Los Angeles neighborhood of Van Nuys, the fifth of eight children of Thelma and John O.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 8 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6198669", "chunk_text": "\"Maurice Benard\"\nMaurice Benard Maurice Benard (born March 1, 1963) is an American actor. He is known primarily for his portrayal of Michael \"\"Sonny\"\" Corinthos Jr. on ABC soap opera, \"\"General Hospital\"\", a role he has portrayed since 1993. Benard was born Mauricio Jose Morales in Martinez, California, the son of Martha, a bank employee, and Humberto Morales, a bakery superintendent. He grew up in San Francisco, California, and is of Salvadorian and Nicaraguan ethnicity. He started his acting career as Nico on the soap opera \"\"All My Children\"\", from 1987 to 1990. In addition to guest spots on several television series", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 9 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18951268", "chunk_text": "\"Ryan Paevey\"\nand outdoor gear. He has a motorcycle that he named \"\"Lilith.\"\" In July 2015, Paevey was involved in a motorcycle accident that left him with a shattered wrist. Ryan Paevey Ryan Jacob Paevey-Vlieger (born September 24, 1984), better known as Ryan Paevey, is an American model and actor, best known for his role as Nathan West on the ABC soap opera \"\"General Hospital\"\". Paevey was born in Torrance, California and was raised in Los Angeles as the son of Les Vlieger and Linda Paevey. He has a younger sister Kaitlyn, with whom he is very close. Paevey ran track and", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 10 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17556270", "chunk_text": "\"Ryan Paevey\"\nRyan Paevey Ryan Jacob Paevey-Vlieger (born September 24, 1984), better known as Ryan Paevey, is an American model and actor, best known for his role as Nathan West on the ABC soap opera \"\"General Hospital\"\". Paevey was born in Torrance, California and was raised in Los Angeles as the son of Les Vlieger and Linda Paevey. He has a younger sister Kaitlyn, with whom he is very close. Paevey ran track and cross country in high school. His hobbies include video games, surfing—which he did with his dad as a child—and cooking, and his favorite food is sushi. Peavey makes", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 11 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15771840", "chunk_text": "\"Michael Corinthos\"\nMichael Corinthos Michael Corinthos is a fictional character on \"\"General Hospital\"\", an American soap opera on the ABC network. Born onscreen in 1997, the role was portrayed by several child actors, most notably Dylan Cash when the character was rapidly aged in 2002. In 2009, the character was aged again when Drew Garrett stepped into the role. Garrett was replaced by Chad Duell after one year with the series. As the son of A. J. Quartermaine and Carly Corinthos, nephew of mob enforcer Jason Morgan, and adoptive son of mob boss Sonny Corinthos, he is born into chaos. Taken from", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 12 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15687620", "chunk_text": "\"Scott Baldwin\"\nchild in the 1960s, played by the child actor Johnny Whitaker in 1965. He was succeeded by Teddy Quinn in 1966, Tony Camp from 1969 to 1972, Don Clarke from 1973 to 1974, and Johnny Jensen from 1974 to 1975. The character of Scott is most commonly associated with Kin Shriner, who assumed the role beginning August 2, 1977. Shriner left the series briefly to play Jeb Hampton on \"\"Texas\"\", returning in 1982 for a one-year contract. He returned again on November 27, 1987, leaving on December 24, 1993. Shriner reprised the role in 1997 on the spinoff \"\"Port Charles\"\".", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 13 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11183695", "chunk_text": "\"Scotty Grainger\"\nillness in the same year, and he died shortly after. Lauren then moved to Los Angeles, and she took Scotty with her. Over the next few years, Lauren traveled the world. It was revealed during that time that Scotty spent his childhood in boarding school. Lauren returned to Genoa City in 2001 while Scotty was still in school. After her return, Lauren married Michael Baldwin (Christian LeBlanc) in 2005. Michael soon quizzed Lauren about her rarely mentioned son, Scotty, hopeful that he would attend the wedding, and they could finally meet, but Lauren was evasive. After a failed internet search,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 14 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13315407", "chunk_text": "\"Kin Shriner\"\nhe has played. He was first cast as Scott Baldwin, on \"\"General Hospital\"\", in 1977. He has left the program several times to play different roles on other soap operas, for short periods of time, but continues to appear as a regular cast member on \"\"General Hospital\"\". He holds the distinction of being one of only a few actors who have appeared on the same scripted television program, in the same role, for five consecutive decades. Plans to spin off \"\"General Hospital\"\" were announced in December 1996. ABC had previously passed on the idea of a \"\"GH\"\" spin off proposed", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 15 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2142616", "chunk_text": "\"Martin West (actor)\"\nas guest star in television programs such as \"\"The Invaders\"\" and \"\"Matlock\"\". West's final acting appearance to date was in an episode of \"\"The New Adam-12\"\" in 1990. Martin West at the Internet Movie Database Martin West at Aveleyman Martin West (actor) Martin West (born Martin Weixelbaum; August 28, 1937 in Southampton, New York, USA) is an American actor of film and television best known for playing the grieving father Lawson in \"\"John Carpenter's Assault on Precinct 13\"\" as well as the lead role in \"\"Freckles\"\". He is also known for playing roles in the soap opera's \"\"General Hospital\"\" as", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 16 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8518241", "chunk_text": "\"Sam McCall\"\nrole of Sam's father. Rumors began to circulate naming Duke Lavery (Ian Buchanan), Blackie Parrish (John Stamos) and Dr. Kevin Collins (Jon Lindstrom) as potential candidates for Sam's father; Lindstrom having previously worked opposite Monaco as her father on the soap opera \"\"Port Charles.\"\" Another rumor emerged that veteran soap actor, Peter Reckell, who played Bo Brady on the NBC soap opera \"\"Days of Our Lives\"\" from 1983-2012, would be joining \"\"General Hospital\"\" in the role of Evan Jerome. It was widely speculated that Reckell was cast to play Sam's father, linking her to the Jerome crime family that was", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 17 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6399277", "chunk_text": "\"Michael Saucedo\"\nMichael Saucedo Michael Saucedo (born July 11, 1970) is an American actor best known for his role on the soap opera \"\"General Hospital\"\" from 1999 until 2001, and he briefly returned in 2013 and 2014. He is also a musician and published author known for the \"\"Liberty Strong\"\" series. He is of Hispanic and Irish descent. After his parents divorced, Saucedo was raised by his mother. Saucedo has one brother and six half-siblings. They moved from Los Angeles to Grants Pass, Oregon, where he attended high school and was elected student body president. He joined garage bands in high school", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 18 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18576419", "chunk_text": "\"Johnny Whitaker\"\nWhitaker, Sr. Whitaker began his professional acting career at the age of three by appearing in a television commercial for a local used car dealer. He went on to appear in commercials for Mattel Toymakers, for such toys as Larry the Lion and Crackers the Parrot in their Animal Yackers series. In 1965, Whitaker originated the character of the young Scotty Baldwin in the soap opera \"\"General Hospital\"\". In 1966, he acted in a major feature film, \"\"The Russians Are Coming, the Russians Are Coming\"\", which also starred Brian Keith, the actor who would later play Whitaker's uncle in the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 19 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6158835", "chunk_text": "\"John Callahan (actor)\"\nwho portrayed Edmund's love interest Maria Santos, on November 30, 1996 on the island of Lanai in Hawaii. They have a daughter, Kaya McKenna, born in December 2001. They have since divorced. John Callahan (actor) John Callahan (born December 23, 1953) is an American actor known for his work as Edmund Grey on the daytime soap opera \"\"All My Children\"\". He was born in Brooklyn, New York. Callahan portrayed Leo Russell on the daytime soap \"\"General Hospital\"\" from 1984 to 1985, then as Eric Stavros on the prime time series \"\"Falcon Crest\"\" from 1986 to 1988, and Craig Hunt on", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 20 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2565197", "chunk_text": "\"Kin Shriner\"\n\"\"GH\"\". The series premiered with a two-hour prime time special that aired on June 1, 1997. It started in its regular timeslot, the following day, replacing the canceled \"\"The City\"\". The series also featured the return of \"\"General Hospital\"\" characters Scott Baldwin (Kin Shriner), Gail Baldwin (Susan Brown), Lee Baldwin (Peter Hansen) and Karen Wexler (Jennifer Hammon). After the series premiered, it was unclear if Lindstrom, Herring, and Shriner would remain with the series. It was later confirmed the actors would stay on the show. Kin Shriner Kin Shriner (born December 6, 1953) is an American actor, best known for", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 21 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16178032", "chunk_text": "\"James Lafferty\"\nJames Lafferty James Martin Lafferty (born July 25, 1985) is an American actor, director and producer. He is best known for his portrayal of Nathan Scott on The CW teen drama television series \"\"One Tree Hill\"\" from 2003 to 2012. Lafferty was born in Hemet, California to Angelica and Jeffrey Lafferty, who own a local construction company. He has a younger brother, actor Stuart Lafferty. Having worked as an uncredited extra on television shows including \"\"Beverly Hills, 90210\"\" and \"\"Dr. Quinn, Medicine Woman\"\", Lafferty received his first significant acting role in a school play when he was ten years old.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 22 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "991127", "chunk_text": "\"Steve Burton (actor)\"\nOctober 6, 2016, Burton announced via social media that he would not renew his deal with the soap, and would exit the role of Dylan. He was subsequently awarded another Daytime Emmy Award for Outstanding Supporting Actor for his \"\"The Young and the Restless\"\" role in 2017. In June 2017, ABC Daytime announced that Burton would be returning to \"\"General Hospital\"\". Burton was born in Indianapolis, Indiana, the son of Tory Burton, an optician, and father Jack Burton (after whom he is named), now divorced. He was raised in a suburb of Cleveland called Richmond Heights, before moving to Hollywood.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 23 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2738826", "chunk_text": "\"Liesl Obrecht\"\nto be the mother of the scheming Dr. Britt Westbourne (Kelly Thiebaud) fathered by the legendary Faison himself. Obrecht schemes to help Britt win the affections of Robin's husband, Dr. Patrick Drake (Jason Thompson) and later Nikolas Cassadine (Tyler Christopher) by impregnating Britt with Dante (Dominic Zamprogna) and Lulu Falconeri (Emme Rylan)'s embryo. Obrecht also develops a rivalry with Faison's longtime obsession and Robin's mother, Anna Devane (Finola Hughes). In 2014, in addition to becoming chief of staff at \"\"General Hospital\"\", Obrecht is revealed to be the biological mother of Detective Nathan West (Ryan Paevey), raised by her estranged sister,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 24 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7856262", "chunk_text": "\"Derk Cheetwood\"\nDerk Cheetwood Derk Cheetwood (born October 8, 1973) is an American singer and actor who appears on the soap opera \"\"General Hospital\"\" on a recurring basis as bodyguard Max Giambetti, who works for mob boss Sonny Corinthos. He is the cousin of Tyler Christopher, who plays Nikolas Cassadine on \"\"General Hospital\"\", and the older brother of Drew Cheetwood, who plays Milo Giambetti on the show. He also had an appearance on the 1995 sitcom \"\"Brotherly Love\"\" in the episode \"\"Witchcraft\"\". Derk is married to Cari Costner, Kevin Costner's niece, and the two share a daughter Kylie Danielle, born January 30,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 25 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9260979", "chunk_text": "\"Christian LeBlanc\"\nChristian LeBlanc Christian Jules LeBlanc (born August 25, 1958 in Fort Bragg, North Carolina) is an American actor, best known for his role as Michael Baldwin on \"\"The Young and the Restless\"\". LeBlanc currently plays Michael Baldwin on \"\"The Young and the Restless\"\". He first played the role from 1991 to 1993, and then resumed the role in 1997. He has been nominated for a Daytime Emmy Award for the role eight times, and won for Outstanding Lead Actor in a Drama Series award in 2005, 2007, and 2009. He previously starred on another soap opera, \"\"As the World Turns\"\",", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 26 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6623630", "chunk_text": "\"Peter Hansen (actor)\"\nPeter Hansen (actor) Peter Franklin Hansen (December 5, 1921 – April 9, 2017) was an American actor, best known for his role as a lawyer Lee Baldwin, on the soap opera \"\"General Hospital\"\", playing the role from 1965 to 1976, 1977 to 1986, briefly in 1990, and again from 1992 to 2004. In 1989, he appeared in the movie \"\"The War of the Roses\"\" with Danny DeVito, Kathleen Turner, and Michael Douglas. Hansen was born on December 5, 1921 in Oakland, California. His family moved to Detroit, Michigan. Hansen served in World War II in the United States Marine Corps", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 27 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13965797", "chunk_text": "\"Ted Quinn\"\n\"\"Dr. Kildare\"\", \"\"The Virginian\"\", \"\"The Courtship of Eddie's Father\"\", \"\"Accidental Family\"\" and as Scott Baldwin on \"\"General Hospital\"\". His motion picture career includes roles in \"\"Madame X\"\" (1966), \"\"The Ghost and Mr. Chicken\"\" (1966), \"\"The Ballad of Josie\"\" (1967), and \"\"Necromancy\"\" (1972). In 1974 Quinn embarked on a career as a musician. During the 1990s, he was one of the co-founders, with Fred Drake and Dave Catching, of the Rancho De La Luna recording studio in Joshua Tree, California, and he continues to collaborate there as a singer, guitarist, and producer. He is a member of the band Rock Art", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 28 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13143701", "chunk_text": "\"Jason Morgan (General Hospital)\"\nof the thaw with his family could also be seen through Jason's decision to name his son, Daniel Edward, after his grandfather. Jason was conceived out of his father, Alan Quartermaine's (Stuart Damon), affair with Susan Moore (Gail Ramsey). Jason was born on September 14, 1981 at Our Lady of Mercy Hospital in New York City. When Jason was born, Alan supported him financially, but was fighting for custody of his other son, A.J.. Jason lived with his mother and Scott Baldwin (Kin Shriner) up until her death, upon which he lived with Susan's aunt, Alice Grant (Lieux Dressler). Then", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 29 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6158833", "chunk_text": "\"John Callahan (actor)\"\nJohn Callahan (actor) John Callahan (born December 23, 1953) is an American actor known for his work as Edmund Grey on the daytime soap opera \"\"All My Children\"\". He was born in Brooklyn, New York. Callahan portrayed Leo Russell on the daytime soap \"\"General Hospital\"\" from 1984 to 1985, then as Eric Stavros on the prime time series \"\"Falcon Crest\"\" from 1986 to 1988, and Craig Hunt on the daytime soap \"\"Santa Barbara\"\" from 1989 to 1991. He played Edmund Grey, his best known role, on \"\"All My Children\"\" from 1992 to 2005. Callahan also appeared as Edmund, with co-star", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 30 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2888827", "chunk_text": "\"Laura Spencer (General Hospital)\"\nSpencer (Jonathan Jackson). Their stories consisted of their struggle to hide from mobster Frank Smith, the 1994 birth of their daughter Lesley Lu and the introduction of Laura's illegitimate son Nikolas Cassadine (Tyler Christopher), who comes to town to save an ailing Lesley Lu. Francis quit the series in 2002, claiming unequal treatment compared to her male costar. Laura was written out after suffering a psychotic breakdown, after killing her adoptive father Rick Webber (Chris Robinson). Francis returned in 2006 to celebrate Luke and Laura's 25th wedding anniversary. The return stint, which only lasted a month, featured Laura's reunions with", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 31 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5857061", "chunk_text": "\"Rick Hearst\"\n2004 and 2007 for his \"\"General Hospital\"\" role, after previously winning \"\"Outstanding Younger Actor in a Drama Series\"\" for \"\"Guiding Light\"\" in 1991. He has also been nominated for four Soap Opera Digest Awards, winning \"\"Outstanding Villain\"\" for \"\"The Young and the Restless\"\" in 2001. In 2005, Hearst filmed the lead role in \"\"Carpool Guy\"\", directed by Corbin Bernsen. As of 2012, Hearst holds the distinction of being the only living actor to have appeared on all four remaining soap operas. Rick Hearst Rick Hearst (born January 4, 1965) is an American actor. He is known for roles in American", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 32 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "273478", "chunk_text": "\"Peter Graham-Gaudreau\"\nPeter Graham-Gaudreau Peter Graham-Gaudreau is a Canadian-born film, TV and stage actor and musician. Born in Conway, Ontario, Graham-Gaudreau studied theatre and physical education at Queen's University in Kingston, Ontario, and acting at George Brown College Theatre School in Toronto, Ontario. He is known for his role as Brit Robertson's abusive foster father Trey on CW's \"\"Life Unexpected\"\", as Ed Parker, the goofy father of Bradley Steven Perry in the Disney Channel's comedy \"\"Pants on Fire\"\", and as the outrageous Chief's defenceman, Dick Schenkman, in \"\"Universal's Slap Shot 2\"\", alongside Stephen Baldwin. He played Steven Seagal's boss and traitorous best", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 33 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15774901", "chunk_text": "\"Morgan Corinthos\"\nMorgan Corinthos Morgan Corinthos was a fictional character from the original ABC Daytime soap opera, \"\"General Hospital\"\", last portrayed by Bryan Craig. Morgan is the only biological child of Sonny and Carly Corinthos. The character was created under head writers, Robert Guza, Jr. and Charles Pratt, Jr. and introduced by executive producer Jill Farren Phelps, as a newborn on October 24, 2003. In 2009, the character is SORASed (rapidly aged) and the role was recast with actor Aaron Refvem in 2009, and later Aaron Sanders in 2010. The character is written out of the series in the summer of 2011", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 34 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20629829", "chunk_text": "\"Scott Clifton\"\nScott Clifton Scott Clifton Snyder (born October 31, 1984), better known as Scott Clifton, is an American actor, musician, and video blogger. He is best known for playing Dillon Quartermaine in \"\"General Hospital\"\" (2003–2007), Schuyler Joplin in \"\"One Life to Live\"\" (2009–2010), and Liam Spencer in \"\"The Bold and the Beautiful\"\" (2010–present). He has three Daytime Emmy Award wins. Clifton was born on October 31, 1984, the only child of Ron and Faye Snyder, in Los Angeles, United States. He is of Russian and Scottish descent. He was raised in the Greater Los Angeles Area of southern California, including the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 35 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3888231", "chunk_text": "\"Jason Morgan (General Hospital)\"\nJason Morgan (General Hospital) Jason Morgan is a fictional character on the ABC soap opera, \"\"General Hospital\"\". Created by Thom Racina and Leah Laiman, he is most notably played by Daytime Emmy Award-winning actor Steve Burton, who joined the cast in 1991 and vacated the role in 2012. Burton reprised the role in 2017. Jason was born offscreen in September 1981 and the character made his onscreen debut in November 1981 as the son of Dr. Alan Quartermaine (Stuart Damon) and his mistress, Susan Moore (Gail Ramsey), later adopted by Alan's wife Dr. Monica Quartermaine (Leslie Charleson). As one of", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 36 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13315406", "chunk_text": "\"Kin Shriner\"\nto \"\"General Hospital\"\" in 2007 and left the series again in 2008. In 2013, he returned to \"\"General Hospital\"\", where he has remained since. Additionally, in 2011, he served as a temporary fill-in for fellow actor Ted Shackelford on \"\"The Young and the Restless\"\", portraying Jeffrey Bardwell until September 2011. Outside of soap operas, Shriner has appeared on several primetime television programs, playing temporary roles beginning in 1976. In later years he guest starred on several programs such as ABC's top 10 sitcom \"\"Full House\"\". Shriner is best known for playing Scott Baldwin on \"\"General Hospital\"\" over all other roles", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 37 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5857059", "chunk_text": "\"Rick Hearst\"\nRick Hearst Rick Hearst (born January 4, 1965) is an American actor. He is known for roles in American soap operas. Hearst was born Richard Charles Herbst on January 4, 1965, in Howard Beach, New York and raised in Dallas, Texas. Hearst has been married to wife Donna Smoot since June 9, 1990; they have two sons. His first film was titled \"\"Brain Damage\"\" directed by Frank Henenlotter. He has appeared in \"\"Days of Our Lives\"\" (1989–1990) as Scott \"\"Scotty\"\" Banning II, \"\"Guiding Light\"\" (1990–1996) as Alan-Michael Spaulding, \"\"The Young and the Restless\"\" (2000–2001) as the sinister Matt Clark, and", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 38 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13018664", "chunk_text": "\"James Lafferty\"\nsuch an intimate setting with fans.\"\" James Lafferty James Martin Lafferty (born July 25, 1985) is an American actor, director and producer. He is best known for his portrayal of Nathan Scott on The CW teen drama television series \"\"One Tree Hill\"\" from 2003 to 2012. Lafferty was born in Hemet, California to Angelica and Jeffrey Lafferty, who own a local construction company. He has a younger brother, actor Stuart Lafferty. Having worked as an uncredited extra on television shows including \"\"Beverly Hills, 90210\"\" and \"\"Dr. Quinn, Medicine Woman\"\", Lafferty received his first significant acting role in a school play", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 39 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14846890", "chunk_text": "\"Carly Schroeder\"\nannounced that Schroeder would return as Serena Baldwin to \"\"General Hospital\"\" to honor the late Peter Hansen, who had died in April 2017, who had portrayed her grandfather, Lee Baldwin. Carly Schroeder Carly Brook Schroeder (born October 18, 1990) is an American film and television actress. She is best known for playing Serena Baldwin, the daughter of Scotty Baldwin and Lucy Coe in the \"\"General Hospital\"\" spin-off \"\"Port Charles\"\". She also had a recurring role on the Disney Channel's \"\"Lizzie McGuire\"\". In 2007, she played the lead in \"\"Gracie\"\", a film inspired by a real-life tragedy during the childhood of", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 40 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15687623", "chunk_text": "\"Scott Baldwin\"\nthey understood the character's past and felt that the betrayal of both the love of his life (Laura) and one of his good friends (Luke) left him a broken man and in turn caused him to become bitter and jaded about the world. Shiner explained in 1982: The young Scotty Bentley first came to Port Charles with his mother Meg Bentley and stepsister Brooke, after the death of his father Lloyd. There was a lot of family strife in the first couple of years as Meg became engaged to the dashing Dr. Noel Clinton, sending Brooke into a tail-spin. Brooke", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 41 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "991128", "chunk_text": "\"Steve Burton (actor)\"\nHe graduated from Beverly Hills High School in Beverly Hills, California. Burton married Sheree Gustin on January 16, 1999. They have three children, two daughters and a son. Burton appeared on \"\"High Stakes Poker\"\" season three, and donated his earnings to his fan club for the building of a clubhouse. Steve Burton (actor) Jack Stephen Burton (born June 28, 1970) is an American actor, best known for his portrayal of Jason Morgan on \"\"General Hospital\"\" from 1991 to 2012 and 2017 to present, and Dylan McAvoy on \"\"The Young and the Restless\"\" from 2013 to 2017. He also voiced the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 42 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7077783", "chunk_text": "\"Peter Hansen (actor)\"\nof Outstanding Supporting Actor in a Drama Series. Peter Hansen (actor) Peter Franklin Hansen (December 5, 1921 – April 9, 2017) was an American actor, best known for his role as a lawyer Lee Baldwin, on the soap opera \"\"General Hospital\"\", playing the role from 1965 to 1976, 1977 to 1986, briefly in 1990, and again from 1992 to 2004. In 1989, he appeared in the movie \"\"The War of the Roses\"\" with Danny DeVito, Kathleen Turner, and Michael Douglas. Hansen was born on December 5, 1921 in Oakland, California. His family moved to Detroit, Michigan. Hansen served in World", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 43 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17462357", "chunk_text": "\"Scott Clifton\"\nthanked on stage Bradley Bell, executive producer of the show; the writers, directors, and producers of the series; and co-star Don Diamont. Clifton is the first male actor to win Emmys in the Younger, Supporting, and Lead categories, and the second overall. Scott Clifton Scott Clifton Snyder (born October 31, 1984), better known as Scott Clifton, is an American actor, musician, and video blogger. He is best known for playing Dillon Quartermaine in \"\"General Hospital\"\" (2003–2007), Schuyler Joplin in \"\"One Life to Live\"\" (2009–2010), and Liam Spencer in \"\"The Bold and the Beautiful\"\" (2010–present). He has three Daytime Emmy Award", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 44 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18303896", "chunk_text": "\"William deVry\"\nWilliam deVry William deVry (born April 20, 1968) is a Canadian television actor. He is best known for his roles in American daytime soap operas, as Tim Dolan on \"\"Port Charles\"\", as Michael Cambias on \"\"All My Children\"\", as Storm Logan on \"\"The Bold and the Beautiful\"\", and currently as Julian Jerome on \"\"General Hospital\"\". He is also known for roles in the \"\"\"\", \"\"Stargate SG-1\"\", \"\"InSecurity\"\", and \"\"Nikita\"\". His birth name is William deVry Simard. He moved to Florida with his mother at the age of 19. His grandfather, Herman A. DeVry, founded the DeForest Training School, named after", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 45 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6198672", "chunk_text": "\"Maurice Benard\"\ndecision to have the writers make his character, Sonny Corinthos, also have the disorder. Many of the struggles he faces on the show due to the disorder are ones he faced in his own life. Much praise has been given to the show for the realistic depiction. Benard and his family live in Temecula, California along with their many pets. Maurice Benard Maurice Benard (born March 1, 1963) is an American actor. He is known primarily for his portrayal of Michael \"\"Sonny\"\" Corinthos Jr. on ABC soap opera, \"\"General Hospital\"\", a role he has portrayed since 1993. Benard was born", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 46 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8384882", "chunk_text": "\"Drew Garrett\"\nDrew Garrett Drew Garrett (born Drew Garrett Nelson, April 21, 1989) is an American actor. He was best known for his role as Michael Corinthos III in the television series \"\"General Hospital\"\". Garrett was born in Jupiter, Florida, to Randy Nelson and Karole Cooney, a former Kravis Center front-of-house manager, and daughter of Niles Cooney, the owner of an orange grove in Fort Pierce, Florida. He attended Dreyfoos School of the Arts and played varsity soccer. He later moved to Los Angeles with his mother in 2005, graduated from the Los Angeles County High School for the Arts with the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 47 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15091748", "chunk_text": "\"Jacob Young\"\nJacob Young Jacob Wayne Young (born September 10, 1979) is an American actor and singer. He is perhaps best known for his role as JR Chandler on the ABC daytime soap opera \"\"All My Children\"\" and Rick Forrester on CBS's \"\"The Bold and the Beautiful\"\". He was the second actor to portray Lucky Spencer on ABC's \"\"General Hospital\"\". Jacob Wayne Young was born in Renton, Washington, the youngest child of Rhonda and Michael Young, Sr. and was raised in Loveland, Colorado, and Roy, Washington, moving to San Diego, California at age seventeen with his mother. His parents divorced and his", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 48 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10008899", "chunk_text": "\"William Baldwin\"\nWilliam Baldwin William Joseph Baldwin (born February 21, 1963) is an American actor, producer and writer. A member of the Baldwin family, he is the second-youngest of the four Baldwin brothers. He has starred in the films \"\"Flatliners\"\" (1990), \"\"Backdraft\"\" (1991), \"\"Sliver\"\" (1993), \"\"Virus\"\" (1999), \"\"The Squid and the Whale\"\" (2005), and played himself in \"\"Forgetting Sarah Marshall\"\". Baldwin is married to singer Chynna Phillips. Baldwin was born in Massapequa, New York, the son of Carol Newcomb (née Martineau) and Alexander Rae Baldwin, Jr. His father was a high school history/social studies teacher and football coach. He is the brother", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 49 } ]
test_3478	who won the academy award for the deer hunter?	n/a	[ "John Peverall", "Michael Deeley", "Peter Zinner", "William L. McCaughey", "Michael Cimino", "Barry Spikings", "Richard Portman", "Aaron Rochin", "C. Darin Knight", "Christopher Walken" ]	[]	n/a	n/a	n/a	[]	[ { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3787497", "chunk_text": "\"The Deer Hunter\"\nMan Who Came to Play\"\" by Louis Garfinkle and Quinn K. Redeker, about Las Vegas and Russian roulette. Producer Michael Deeley, who bought the script, hired writer/director Michael Cimino who, with Deric Washburn, rewrote the script, taking the Russian roulette element and placing it in the Vietnam War. The film went over-budget and over-schedule, and ended up costing $15 million. The scenes depicting Russian roulette were highly controversial after the film's release. The film won five Academy Awards, including Best Picture, Best Director for Michael Cimino, and Best Supporting Actor for Christopher Walken, and marked Meryl Streep's first Academy Award", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 0 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3787496", "chunk_text": "\"The Deer Hunter\"\nThe Deer Hunter The Deer Hunter is a 1978 American epic war drama film co-written and directed by Michael Cimino about a trio of steelworkers whose lives were changed forever after they fought in the Vietnam War. The three soldiers are played by Robert De Niro, Christopher Walken, and John Savage, with John Cazale (in his final role), Meryl Streep, and George Dzundza playing supporting roles. The story takes place in Clairton, Pennsylvania, a small working class town on the Monongahela River south of Pittsburgh, and in Vietnam. The film was based in part on an unproduced screenplay called \"\"The", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 1 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3787563", "chunk_text": "\"The Deer Hunter\"\nwin for Best Actor for \"\"Deer Hunter\"\" and Jill Clayburgh would win for Best Actress for \"\"An Unmarried Woman\"\" while Siskel called the wins for Jon Voight as Best Actor and Jane Fonda as Best Actress, both for \"\"Coming Home\"\". Both Ebert and Siskel called the win for Christopher Walken receiving the Oscar for Best Supporting Actor. According to producer Deeley, orchestrated lobbying against \"\"The Deer Hunter\"\" was led by Warren Beatty, whose own picture \"\"Heaven Can Wait\"\" had multiple nominations. Beatty also used ex-girlfriends in his campaign: Julie Christie, serving on the jury at the Berlin Film Festival where", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 2 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3789573", "chunk_text": "\"The Deer Hunter\"\nother categories: Cimino won the film's only Golden Globe Award for Best Director. Other nominations the film included Best Motion Picture – Drama, De Niro for Best Motion Picture Actor – Drama, Walken for Best Motion Picture Actor in a Supporting Role, Streep for Best Motion Picture Actress in a Supporting Role, and Washburn for Best Screenplay – Motion Picture. \"\"The Deer Hunter\"\" was one of the first, and most controversial, major theatrical films to be critical of the American involvement in Vietnam following 1975 when the war officially ended. While the film opened the same year as Hal Ashby's", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 3 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3789572", "chunk_text": "\"The Deer Hunter\"\nDe Niro was so anxious that he did not attend the Oscars ceremony. He asked the Academy to sit out the show backstage, but when the Academy refused, De Niro stayed home in New York. Producer Deeley made a deal with fellow producer David Puttnam, whose film \"\"Midnight Express\"\" was nominated, that each would take $500 to the ceremony so if one of them won, the winner would give the loser the $500 to \"\"drown his sorrows in style.\"\" \"\"The Deer Hunter\"\" won five Oscars at the 51st Academy Awards in 1979: In addition, the film was nominated in four", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 4 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3787552", "chunk_text": "\"The Deer Hunter\"\nthe question of whether this conclusion was meant ironically or not – \"\"as a critique of patriotism or a paean to it\"\". The film's initial reviews were largely positive. It was hailed by many critics as the best American epic since Francis Ford Coppola's \"\"The Godfather\"\". The film was praised for its depiction of realistic working class settings and environment; Cimino's direction; the performances of De Niro, Walken, Streep, Savage, Dzundza and Cazale; the symphonic shifts of tone and pacing in moving from America to Vietnam; the tension during the Russian roulette scenes; and the themes of American disillusionment. Roger", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 5 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3789577", "chunk_text": "\"The Deer Hunter\"\nfilm as #79 in AFI's 100 Years...100 Movies, #30 in AFI's 100 Years...100 Thrills, and #53 in AFI's 100 Years...100 Movies (10th Anniversary Edition). The film ranks 467th in the \"\"Empire\"\" magazine's 2008 list of the 500 greatest movies of all time, noting: Cimino's bold, powerful 'Nam epic goes from blue-collar macho rituals to a fiery, South East Asian hell and back to a ragged singalong of America the Beautiful[sic]. De Niro holds it together, but Christopher Walken, Meryl Streep and John Savage are unforgettable. Jan Scruggs, a Vietnam veteran who became a counselor with the U.S. Department of Labor,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 6 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2938259", "chunk_text": "\"The Deer Hunter\"\nnomination (for Best Supporting Actress); she would go on to become the most nominated actor in history. In 1996 it was selected for preservation in the United States National Film Registry by the Library of Congress as being \"\"culturally, historically, or aesthetically significant\"\", and was named the 53rd greatest American film of all time by the American Film Institute in 2007 in their 10th Anniversary Edition of the AFI's 100 Years...100 Movies list. In the small working class town of Clairton, Pennsylvania, in late 1967, steel workers Mike Vronsky, Steven Pushkov, and Nick Chevotarevich, with the support of their friends", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 7 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5527096", "chunk_text": "\"51st Academy Awards\"\nin a ceremony held at The Beverly Hilton in Beverly Hills, California, on April 6, the Academy Awards for Technical Achievement were presented by hosts Gregory Peck and Christopher Reeve. \"\"The Deer Hunter\"\" won five awards including Best Picture. Other winners included \"\"Coming Home\"\" with three awards, \"\"Midnight Express\"\" with two awards, and \"\"The Buddy Holly Story\"\", \"\"California Suite\"\", \"\"Days of Heaven\"\", \"\"Death on the Nile\"\", \"\"The Flight of the Gossamer Condor\"\", \"\"Get Out Your Handkerchiefs\"\", \"\"Heaven Can Wait\"\", \"\"Scared Straight!\"\", \"\"Special Delivery\"\", \"\"Superman\"\", \"\"Teenage Father\"\" and \"\"Thank God It's Friday\"\" with one. The ceremony, held at the Dorothy Chandler", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 8 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20980771", "chunk_text": "\"Barry Spikings\"\nto the output from the newly-formed Castle Rock Entertainment. Spikings served as president of Nelson Entertainment through the early 1990s. Afterwards, he formed a production partnership with Eric Pleskow. Barry Spikings Barry Spikings (born 23 November 1939) is a British film producer who worked in Hollywood. Spikings is best known as a producer of the 1978 film, \"\"The Deer Hunter\"\", which won five Academy Awards. Spikings was born in Boston, Lincolnshire. After leaving Boston Grammar School he joined the local newspaper, the \"\"Lincolnshire Standard\"\", as a trainee reporter. Later he joined the \"\"Farmers' Weekly\"\", where he won a Golden Ear", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 9 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3787558", "chunk_text": "\"The Deer Hunter\"\nChristopher Walken. Academy Award-winning film director Miloš Forman and Academy Award-nominated actor Mickey Rourke consider \"\"The Deer Hunter\"\" to be one of the greatest films of all time. Cimino's next film, \"\"Heaven's Gate\"\" (1980), debuted to lacerating reviews and took in only $3 million in ticket sales, effectively leaving United Artists bankrupt. The failure of \"\"Heaven's Gate\"\" led several critics to revise their positions on \"\"The Deer Hunter\"\". Canby said in his famous review of \"\"Heaven's Gate\"\", \"\"[The film] fails so completely that you might suspect Mr. Cimino sold his soul to the Devil to obtain the success of \"\"The", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 10 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7188962", "chunk_text": "\"The Deer Hunter (novel)\"\nThe Deer Hunter (novel) The Deer Hunter is a novelization by the American writer E. M. Corder based upon the screenplay by Deric Washburn and Michael Cimino of the 1978 war drama film \"\"The Deer Hunter\"\", a film that won five Academy Awards, including Best Picture and Best Director. The novel is set in southern Vietnam, in Pittsburgh and in working-class Clairton, Pennsylvania, a Monongahela River town south of Pittsburgh. The book follows a trio of Rusyn American steel worker friends—Michael \"\"Mike\"\" Vronsky, Steven Pushkov, and Nikanor \"\"Nick\"\" Chevotarevich—both before and during their infantry service in the Vietnam War. The", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 11 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3787524", "chunk_text": "\"The Deer Hunter\"\nfootage from the war to ensure authenticity. The film was shot over a period of six months. The Clairton scenes comprise footage shot in eight different towns in four states: West Virginia, Pennsylvania, Washington, and Ohio. The initial budget of the film was $8.5 million. Meryl Streep accepted the role of the \"\"vague, stock girlfriend\"\", in order to remain for the duration of filming with John Cazale, who had been diagnosed with lung cancer. De Niro had spotted Streep in her stage production of \"\"The Cherry Orchard\"\" and had suggested that she play his girlfriend Linda. Before the beginning of", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 12 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20980769", "chunk_text": "\"Barry Spikings\"\nBarry Spikings Barry Spikings (born 23 November 1939) is a British film producer who worked in Hollywood. Spikings is best known as a producer of the 1978 film, \"\"The Deer Hunter\"\", which won five Academy Awards. Spikings was born in Boston, Lincolnshire. After leaving Boston Grammar School he joined the local newspaper, the \"\"Lincolnshire Standard\"\", as a trainee reporter. Later he joined the \"\"Farmers' Weekly\"\", where he won a Golden Ear award for a fifteen-minute film that he produced and directed himself. Spikings then moved to the entertainment world. Initially, he promoted pop music festivals and later films. In 1972,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 13 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8918670", "chunk_text": "\"1978 National Society of Film Critics Awards\"\nRobert De Niro – \"\"The Deer Hunter\"\" 1. Ingrid Bergman – \"\"Autumn Sonata (Höstsonaten\"\")<br> 2. Jane Fonda – \"\"Coming Home\"\", \"\"Comes a Horseman\"\" and \"\"California Suite\"\"<br> 3. Jill Clayburgh – \"\"An Unmarried Woman\"\"<br> 4. Maggie Smith – \"\"California Suite\"\" 1. Richard Farnsworth – \"\"Comes a Horseman\"\"<br> 1. Robert Morley – \"\"Who Is Killing the Great Chefs of Europe?\"\"<br> 3. Christopher Walken – \"\"The Deer Hunter\"\"<br> 4. Barry Bostwick – \"\"Movie Movie\"\" 1. Meryl Streep – \"\"The Deer Hunter\"\"<br> 2. Maureen Stapleton – \"\"Interiors\"\"<br> 3. Maggie Smith – \"\"California Suite\"\" 1. Paul Mazursky – \"\"An Unmarried Woman\"\"<br> 2. Bertrand Blier –", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 14 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3808607", "chunk_text": "\"Michael Cimino\"\n1976. To Cimino's surprise, EMI accepted the film. Cimino went on to direct, co-write, and co-produce \"\"The Deer Hunter\"\" (1978). The film stars Robert De Niro, Christopher Walken, and John Savage as three buddies in a Pennsylvania steel mill town who fight in the Vietnam War and rebuild their lives in the aftermath. The film went over-schedule and over-budget, but it became a massive critical and commercial success, and won five Oscars, including Best Director and Best Picture for Cimino. On the basis of his track record, Cimino was given free rein by United Artists for his next film, \"\"Heaven's", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 15 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3787557", "chunk_text": "\"The Deer Hunter\"\nversion of dominant masculinity in which male friendship is a powerful force\"\". It has a \"\"credibly humanist message\"\", and that the \"\"slow study of the men in blissfully ignorant homeland machismo is crucial to it\"\". The film holds a metascore of 73 on Metacritic based on seven reviews, and a 94% fresh rating on Rotten Tomatoes based on 66 reviews. The RT summary reads: Its greatness is blunted by its length and one-sided point of view, but the film's weaknesses are overpowered by Michael Cimino's sympathetic direction and a series of heartbreaking performances from Robert De Niro, Meryl Streep, and", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 16 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6383126", "chunk_text": "\"1970s in film\"\npsychological damage caused by such horrors. Christopher Walken and director Michael Cimino earned Oscars for their work on the film, which earned a Best Picture Academy Award. Robert De Niro and Meryl Streep were also nominated for their work in \"\"The Deer Hunter\"\". \"\"Apocalypse Now\"\" won for cinematography and sound, and earned nominations for Robert Duvall and Coppola. Hal Ashby's \"\"Coming Home\"\" portrayed life for Vietnam veterans. Actor Jon Voight won an Academy Award for his role in the film. 1979 saw the poignant \"\"Kramer vs. Kramer\"\", the inspiring \"\"Norma Rae\"\", and the nuclear thriller, \"\"The China Syndrome\"\". \"\"Alien\"\" scared", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 17 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3787553", "chunk_text": "\"The Deer Hunter\"\nEbert of the \"\"Chicago Sun-Times\"\" gave the film four stars and called it \"\"one of the most emotionally shattering films ever made.\"\" Gene Siskel from the \"\"Chicago Tribune\"\" praised the film, saying, \"\"This is a big film, dealing with big issues, made on a grand scale. Much of it, including some casting decisions, suggest inspiration by \"\"The Godfather\"\".\"\" Leonard Maltin also gave the film four stars, calling it a \"\"sensitive, painful, evocative work\"\". Vincent Canby of \"\"The New York Times\"\" called \"\"The Deer Hunter\"\" \"\"a big, awkward, crazily ambitious motion picture that comes as close to being a popular epic", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 18 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12347025", "chunk_text": "\"Vilmos Zsigmond\"\n\"\"The Deer Hunter\"\" starring Robert DeNiro, Meryl Streep and Christopher Walken. Zsigmond's visual work on the film earned him the 1980 BAFTA Award for Best Cinematography and another Academy Award nomination. Zsigmond again worked with Cimino on his 1980 epic Western, and infamous box-office bomb, \"\"Heaven's Gate\"\". Zsigmond continued to be in demand in the years that followed, working multiple times with several directors. He again worked with De Palma on his films \"\"Blow Out\"\", \"\"The Bonfire of the Vanities\"\", and \"\"The Black Dahlia\"\". He worked with Mark Rydell on \"\"Cinderella Liberty\"\", \"\"The Rose\"\", \"\"The River\"\", and \"\"Intersection\"\". He worked", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 19 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3787537", "chunk_text": "\"The Deer Hunter\"\nown.\"\" Mount says he turned to Verna Fields, Universal's then-head of post-production. \"\"I sicked Verna on Cimino,\"\" Mount says. \"\"Verna was no slouch. She started to turn the heat up on Michael, and he started screeching and yelling.\"\" Zinner eventually cut the film down to . Cimino later fired Zinner when he discovered that Zinner was editing down the wedding scenes. Zinner eventually won Best Editing Oscar for \"\"The Deer Hunter\"\". Regarding the clashes between him and Cimino, Zinner stated: \"\"Michael Cimino and I had our differences at the end, but he kissed me when we both got Academy Awards.\"\"", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 20 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1161271", "chunk_text": "\"John Cazale\"\nFestival. All 5 of the movies that he starred in would later be selected for preservation in the U.S. National Film Registry of the Library of Congress. Cazale appeared in five full-length feature films while alive, plus a sixth using archival footage. All six films were nominated for the Academy Award for Best Picture. \"\"The Godfather\"\", \"\"The Godfather Part II\"\", and \"\"The Deer Hunter\"\" all won the award. John Cazale John Holland Cazale (; ; August 12, 1935 – March 13, 1978) was an American actor. He appeared in five films over six years, all of which were nominated for", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 21 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6662869", "chunk_text": "\"The Deer Hunter\"\nHunter\"\" gathered strength. When the limos pulled up to the Dorothy Chandler Pavilion on April 9, 1979, they were met by demonstrators, mostly from the Los Angeles chapter of Vietnam Veterans Against the War. The demonstrators waved placards covered with slogans that read \"\"No Oscars for racism\"\" and \"\"\"\"The Deer Hunter\"\" a bloody lie\"\" and thrust pamphlets berating \"\"Deer Hunter\"\" into long lines of limousine windows. Washburn, nominated for Best Original Screenplay, claims his limousine was pelted with stones. According to \"\"Variety\"\", \"\"Police and \"\"The Deer Hunter\"\" protesters clashed in a brief but bloody battle that resulted in 13 arrests.\"\"", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 22 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2938302", "chunk_text": "\"The Deer Hunter\"\nbuild interest. After the Oscar nominations, Universal widened the distribution to include major cities, building up to a full-scale release on February 23, 1979, just following the Oscars. This film was important for helping release patterns for so-called prestige pictures that screen only at the end of the year to qualify for Academy Award recognition. The film eventually grossed $48.9 million at the US box office. CBS paid $3.5 million for three runs of the film. The network later cancelled the acquisition on the contractually permitted grounds of the film containing too much violence for US network transmission. One of", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 23 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3787523", "chunk_text": "\"The Deer Hunter\"\ntheir Nazi wisdom,\"\" added Cimino, \"\"[they] didn't give me the credit because I would be producer, director and writer.\"\" All four writers—Cimino, Washburn, Garfinkle, and Redeker—received an Oscar nomination for Best Original Screenplay for the film. \"\"The Deer Hunter\"\" began principal photography on June 20, 1977. This was the first feature film depicting the Vietnam War to be filmed on location in Thailand. All scenes were shot on location (no sound stages). \"\"There was discussion about shooting the film on a back lot, but the material demanded more realism,\"\" says Spikings. The cast and crew viewed large amounts of news", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 24 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3787511", "chunk_text": "\"The Deer Hunter\"\nstill concerned about being able to sell the film. \"\"We still had to get millions out of a major studio,\"\" wrote Deeley, \"\"as well as convince our markets around the world that they should buy it before it was finished. I \"\"needed\"\" someone with the caliber of Robert De Niro.\"\" De Niro was one of the biggest stars at that time, coming off \"\"Mean Streets\"\" (1973), \"\"The Godfather Part II\"\" (1974), and \"\"Taxi Driver\"\" (1976). In addition to attracting buyers, Deeley felt De Niro was \"\"the right age, apparently tough as hell, and immensely talented.\"\" Hiring De Niro turned out", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 25 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3787562", "chunk_text": "\"The Deer Hunter\"\nno apparent motive for this promotion, it had an added power and legitimacy and it finally did start to penetrate the minds of the Universal's sales people that they actually had in their hands something a bit more significant than the usual.\"\" Deeley added that Carr's promotion of the film was influential in positioning \"\"The Deer Hunter\"\" for Oscar nominations. On the \"\"Sneak Previews\"\" special \"\"Oscar Preview for 1978\"\", Roger Ebert correctly predicted that \"\"The Deer Hunter\"\" would win for Best Picture while Gene Siskel predicted that \"\"Coming Home\"\" would win. However, Ebert incorrectly guessed that Robert De Niro would", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 26 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3789575", "chunk_text": "\"The Deer Hunter\"\nused a revolver. More or less before the late 1970s, the movies had lived by a Second World War code in which battle scenes might be fierce but always rigorously controlled. \"\"The Deer Hunter\"\" unleashed a new, raw dynamic in combat and action, paving the way for \"\"Platoon\"\", \"\"Saving Private Ryan\"\" and Clint Eastwood's Iwo Jima films.\"\" In a 2011 interview with Rotten Tomatoes, actor William Fichtner retrospectively stated that he and his partner were silenced after seeing the film, stating that \"\"the human experience was just so pointed; their journeys were so difficult, as life is sometimes. I remember", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 27 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2938306", "chunk_text": "\"The Deer Hunter\"\nthe war as a whole. It is a brilliant symbol because, in the context of this story, it makes any ideological statement about the war superfluous.\"\" Film critic and biographer David Thomson also agrees that the film works despite the controversy: \"\"There were complaints that the North Vietnamese had not employed Russian roulette. It was said that the scenes in Saigon were fanciful or imagined. It was also suggested that De Niro, Christopher Walken, and John Savage were too old to have enlisted for Vietnam (Savage, the youngest of the three, was 28). Three decades later [written in 2008], 'imagination'", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 28 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3787512", "chunk_text": "\"The Deer Hunter\"\nto be a casting coup because he knew so many actors in New York. De Niro brought Meryl Streep to the attention of Cimino and Deeley. With Streep came John Cazale. De Niro also accompanied Cimino to scout locations for the steel mill sequence as well as rehearsed with the actors to use the workshops as a bonding process. Each of the six principal male characters carried a photo in their back pocket depicting them all together as children, to enhance the sense of camaraderie amongst them. Additionally, director Cimino instructed the props department to fashion complete Pennsylvania IDs for", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 29 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3787533", "chunk_text": "\"The Deer Hunter\"\nnext in the chamber. While appearing later in the film, the first scenes shot upon arrival in Thailand were the hospital sequences between Walken and the military doctor. Deeley believed that this scene was \"\"the spur that would earn him an Academy Award.\"\" In the final scene in the gambling den between Mike and Nick, Cimino had Walken and De Niro improvise in one take. His direction to his actors: \"\"You put the gun to your head, Chris, you shoot, you fall over and Bobby cradles your head.\"\" By this point, \"\"The Deer Hunter\"\" had cost $13 million and the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 30 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5826511", "chunk_text": "\"Miskolc International Film Festival\"\nof directors created New Hollywood. The 1956 Hungarian émigré, who had the European cinema culture at his fingertips, was the right man on the right place - and became the cinematographer of the greatest directors: Robert Altman, Michael Cimino, John Boorman, Brian De Palma, and Steven Spielberg. The Close Encounters of the Third Kind brought him the Oscar in 1977. One year later, his next movie, The Deer Hunter, won five Oscars, including Best Picture. He was nominated for the Oscar in 1985 and in 2007 as well. In 1999 he received the Lifetime Achievement Award from the American Society", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 31 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3787564", "chunk_text": "\"The Deer Hunter\"\n\"\"Deer Hunter\"\" was screened, joined the walkout of the film by the Russian jury members. Jane Fonda also criticized \"\"The Deer Hunter\"\" in public. Deeley suggested that her criticisms partly stemmed from the competition between her film \"\"Coming Home\"\" vying with \"\"The Deer Hunter\"\" for Best Picture. According to Deeley, he planted a friend of his in the Oscar press area behind the stage to ask Fonda if she had seen \"\"The Deer Hunter\"\". Fonda replied she had not seen the film, and to this day she still has not. As the Oscars drew near, the backlash against \"\"The Deer", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 32 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15767630", "chunk_text": "\"Mingo Junction, Ohio\"\nCreek High School (Grades 9-12). Jefferson County Christian School was also located in the area until 2012. Until 2009, the Catholic school of St. Agnes (Pre-kindergarten to eighth grade) was part of the Steubenville Parochial School District. Mingo Junction served as the Pennsylvania steel mill town in the 1978 film \"\"The Deer Hunter\"\", which won the Academy Award for Best Picture and starred Robert De Niro, Meryl Streep, Christopher Walken, and John Cazale. Many of the scenes that took place in and around a steel mill were filmed in Mingo Junction. Mingo was also the primary filming location for \"\"Reckless\"\",", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 33 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "315666", "chunk_text": "\"Christopher Walken on stage and screen\"\nhis career, Walken was credited as \"\"Ken Walken\"\" and later as \"\"Ronnie Walken\"\", until he finally settled on \"\"Christopher Walken\"\". He began acting in films in 1969 and, after a series of increasingly larger roles, won an Academy Award in 1978 as Best Supporting Actor for his role in \"\"The Deer Hunter\"\". Since then, Walken has become a highly sought-after actor, typically performing in numerous films every year. Walken has been a primary character in two film franchises: as Gabriel the fallen angel in \"\"The Prophecy\"\" series, and as Jacob Witting in the made-for-television films based on Patricia MacLachlan's \"\"Sarah,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 34 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13317583", "chunk_text": "\"51st Academy Awards\"\nfinal public appearance of Oscar-winning actor John Wayne, where he was given a standing ovation before presenting the award for Best Picture. On June 11, two months after the ceremony, he died from complications from stomach cancer at age 72. This was also the final public appearance for Jack Haley, presenter of the Best Costume Design with his \"\"Wizard of Oz\"\" co-star Ray Bolger as well as the father of the producer, as he died on June 6 of that year. The nominees for the 51st Academy Awards were announced on February 20, 1979. \"\"The Deer Hunter\"\" and \"\"Heaven Can", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 35 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12820390", "chunk_text": "\"Thunderbolt and Lightfoot\"\nBridges and first-time director Michael Cimino.\"\" \"\"Thunderbolt\"\" has since become a cult film. As a result of this film and Cimino's TV commercial work, producer Michael Deeley would approach Cimino to direct and co-write the Oscar-winning \"\"The Deer Hunter\"\" (1978). Jeff Bridges received the film's only nomination for an Academy Award for Best Supporting Actor. Eastwood's acting performance was noted by critics to the extent that Clint himself believed it was Oscar worthy. Author Michael Bliss wrote that while \"\"Thunderbolt\"\" may appear to be a conventional violent action film with Eastwood in the lead role, the film is more like", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 36 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9918052", "chunk_text": "\"Roadshow theatrical release\"\nsuch as \"\"Gone With the Wind\"\" would always be shown with an intermission, \"\"reserved seat\"\" showings of new films became extremely rare. The last film musical to officially receive a reserved seat engagement was \"\"Lost Horizon\"\" (1973), a financial and critical disaster. In the late 1970s, only three films (two popular and one a legendary disaster) received a reserved seat engagement. Michael Cimino made the successful film \"\"The Deer Hunter\"\", which was a commercial and critical success, winning the Oscar for Best Picture. In its initial run, it was enlarged to 70mm film and given a roadshow release. Francis Ford", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 37 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3787530", "chunk_text": "\"The Deer Hunter\"\nwas hit with a tranquilizer dart. The stag that Michael lets escape was the same one later used on TV commercials for the Connecticut Life Insurance Company. The Viet Cong Russian roulette scenes were shot in real circumstances, with real rats and mosquitoes, as the three principals (De Niro, Walken, and Savage) were tied up in bamboo cages erected along the River Kwai. The woman who was given the task of casting the extras in Thailand had much difficulty finding a local to play the vicious-looking individual who runs the game. The first actor hired turned out to be incapable", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 38 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3808633", "chunk_text": "\"Michael Cimino\"\ndeserved his Oscars for \"\"The Deer Hunter\"\": \"\"It seemed in the spring of 1979, following the Oscar ceremony, there was a sense in the industry that if the Academy could have taken back their votes — which saw \"\"The Deer Hunter\"\" and director Michael Cimino winning for Best Picture and Best Director — they would have done so.\"\" Peter Biskind described Cimino in relation to \"\"The Deer Hunter\"\" as \"\"our first, home-grown fascist director, our own Leni Riefenstahl\"\". Cimino was known for giving exaggerated, misleading and conflicting (or simply tongue-in-cheek) stories about himself, his background and his filmmaking experiences. \"\"When", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 39 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10168217", "chunk_text": "\"Vilmos Zsigmond\"\nVilmos Zsigmond Vilmos Zsigmond, ASC (; June 16, 1930 – January 1, 2016) was a Hungarian-American cinematographer. His work in cinematography helped shape the look of American movies in the 1970s, making him one of the leading figures in the American New Wave movement. Over his career he became associated with many leading American directors, such as Robert Altman, Steven Spielberg, Brian De Palma, Michael Cimino and Woody Allen. He is best known for his work on the films \"\"Close Encounters of the Third Kind\"\" and \"\"The Deer Hunter\"\". He won the Academy Award for Best Cinematography for his work", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 40 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3787514", "chunk_text": "\"The Deer Hunter\"\n\"\"The Man Who Came to Play\"\", written by Louis Garfinkle and Quinn K. Redeker, for $19,000. The spec script was about people who go to Las Vegas to play Russian roulette. \"\"The screenplay had struck me as brilliant,\"\" wrote Deeley, \"\"but it wasn't complete. The trick would be to find a way to turn a very clever piece of writing into a practical, realizable film.\"\" When the movie was being planned during the mid-1970s, Vietnam was still a taboo subject with all major Hollywood studios. According to producer Michael Deeley, the standard response was \"\"no American would want to see", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 41 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7583040", "chunk_text": "\"Peter Zinner\"\nthree times for his work on \"\"The Godfather\"\" (1972), \"\"The Deer Hunter\"\" (directed by Michael Cimino-1978), and \"\"An Officer and a Gentleman\"\" {directed by Taylor Hackford-1982}. He won the Oscar, a BAFTA, and an Eddie for \"\"The Deer Hunter\"\". His work (with Barry Malkin and Richard Marks) on \"\"The Godfather Part II\"\" (1974) earned a second BAFTA nomination. Zinner was nominated four times for Emmy Awards, and won for the miniseries \"\"War and Remembrance\"\" (1988) and for \"\"Citizen Cohn\"\" (1992). His peers in the American Cinema Editors honored him with six Eddie nominations of which he won four. His many", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 42 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3787513", "chunk_text": "\"The Deer Hunter\"\neach of them, including driver's licenses, medical cards, and various other pieces of paraphernalia, in order to enhance each actor's sense of his character. There has been considerable debate, controversy, and conflicting stories about how \"\"The Deer Hunter\"\" was initially developed and written. Director and co-writer Michael Cimino, writer Deric Washburn, and producers Barry Spikings and Michael Deeley all have different versions of how the film came to be. In 1968, the record company EMI formed a new company called EMI Films, headed by producers Barry Spikings and Michael Deeley. Deeley purchased the first draft of a spec script called", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 43 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3787526", "chunk_text": "\"The Deer Hunter\"\na natural successor to Relyea, and Peverall knew enough about the picture to be elevated to producer status. \"\"John is a straightforward Cornishman who had worked his way up to become a production supervisor,\"\" wrote Deeley, \"\"and we employed him as EMI's watchman on certain pictures.\"\" The wedding scenes were filmed at the historic St. Theodosius Russian Orthodox Cathedral in the Tremont neighborhood of Cleveland, Ohio. The wedding took five days to film. St. Theodosius' Father Stephen Kopestonsky was cast as the priest at the wedding. The reception scene was filmed at nearby Lemko Hall. The amateur extras lined up", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 44 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3787534", "chunk_text": "\"The Deer Hunter\"\nfilm still had to go through an arduous post-production. Film editor Peter Zinner was given of printed film to edit, a monumental task at the time. Producers Spikings and Deeley were pleased with the first cut, which ran for three and a half hours. \"\"We were thrilled by what we saw,\"\" wrote Deeley, \"\"and knew that within the three and a half hours we watched there was a riveting film.\"\" Executives from Universal, including Lew Wasserman and Sid Sheinberg, were not very enthusiastic. \"\"I think they were shocked,\"\" recalled Spikings. \"\"What really upset them was 'God Bless America'. Sheinberg thought", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 45 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20846904", "chunk_text": "\"Robert De Niro\"\npersonality traits for his character in the film. And although the film did poorly at the box office, reviewers praised De Niro's acting. Film critic Marie Brenner wrote that \"\"for De Niro, it is a role that surpasses even his brilliant and daring portrayal of Vito Corleone in \"\"The Godfather Part II\"\"... his performance deserves to be compared with the very finest\"\". De Niro played Michael Vronsky in the acclaimed Vietnam War film \"\"The Deer Hunter\"\" (1978), for which he was nominated for Best Actor in a Leading Role. Fearing he had become typecast in mob roles, he began expanding", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 46 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14310956", "chunk_text": "\"John Cazale\"\nAfter the performance, he took ill and withdrew from the show. It was his only Broadway performance. Shortly afterward, he was diagnosed with lung cancer. Despite the terminal diagnosis, Cazale continued work with his romantic partner, Meryl Streep, and Robert DeNiro, Christopher Walken, and John Savage, in \"\"The Deer Hunter\"\". According to author Andy Dougan, director Michael Cimino \"\"rearranged the shooting schedule with Cazale and Streep's consent, so that he could film all his scenes first\"\". He completed his scenes but died before the film was finished. Twelve years after his death, Cazale appeared in a sixth film, \"\"The Godfather", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 47 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2365584", "chunk_text": "\"The Deerslayer\"\nfor his notice. D. H. Lawrence called Deerslayer \"\"one of the most beautiful and perfect books in the world: flawless as a jewel and of gem-like concentration.\"\" 1913: \"\"The Deerslayer\"\", starring Harry T. Morey and Wallace Reid. Filmed at Otsego Lake, the actual setting of the novel. Filmed in 1911, released two years later. 1920: \"\"The Deerslayer and Chingachgook\"\", a German film with Béla Lugosi as Chingachgook. This was the first part of the two-part \"\"Lederstrumpf\"\" silent film. 1943: \"\"The Deerslayer\"\", starring Bruce Kellogg and Jean Parker. 1957: \"\"The Deerslayer\"\", starring Lex Barker and Rita Moreno. 1967: \"\"Chingachgook, die große", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 48 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3789574", "chunk_text": "\"The Deer Hunter\"\n\"\"Coming Home\"\", Sidney Furie's \"\"The Boys in Company C\"\", and Ted Post's \"\"Go Tell the Spartans\"\", it was the first film about Vietnam to reach a wide audience and critical acclaim, culminating in the winning of the Oscar for Best Picture. Other films released in later decades that illustrated the 'hellish', futile conditions of bloody Vietnam War combat included: David Thomson wrote in an article titled \"\"\"\"The Deer Hunter\"\": Story of a scene\"\" that the film changed the way war-time battles were portrayed on film: \"\"The terror and the blast of firepower changed the war film, even if it only", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 49 } ]
test_3479	vine with heart shaped leaves and white flowers?	n/a	[ "Antigonon leptopus" ]	[]	n/a	n/a	n/a	[]	[ { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5209533", "chunk_text": "Vine\nVine A vine (Latin \"\"vīnea\"\" \"\"grapevine\"\", \"\"vineyard\"\", from \"\"vīnum\"\" \"\"wine\"\") is any plant with a growth habit of trailing or scandent (that is, climbing) stems, lianas or runners. The word \"\"vine\"\" can also refer to such stems or runners themselves, for instance, when used in wicker work. In parts of the world (including the British Isles), the term \"\"vine\"\" usually applies exclusively to grapevines (\"\"Vitis\"\"), while the term \"\"climber\"\" is used for all climbing plants. Certain plants always grow as vines, while a few grow as vines only part of the time. For instance, poison ivy and bittersweet can grow", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 0 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4716712", "chunk_text": "Cardiospermum\nCardiospermum Cardiospermum is a genus of approximately 14 species in the soapberry family, Sapindaceae, which are native to the American, Indian, and African tropics. The genus name is derived from the Greek words καρδία, meaning \"\"heart,\"\" and σπέρμα, meaning \"\"seed.\"\" Common names of the members of this genus include Balloon Vine, Love in a Puff, Heartseed, and Heartseed Vine. These plants are classified as invasive species in parts of the Southern United States and South Africa. The genus \"\"Cardiospermum\"\" consists primarily of herbaceous vines, which are cultivated in warm regions as ornamental plants. Extractions of \"\"Cardiospermum\"\" seed are included in", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 1 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19682742", "chunk_text": "\"Sarcopetalum harveyanum\"\nSarcopetalum harveyanum Sarcopetalum harveyanum, known as the pearl vine, is a common plant found mostly in coastal areas of eastern Australia. It can be found in or around rainforests, and is also seen in eucalyptus forests. The leaf stalk is attached under the surface of the leaf. The leaves are heart shaped with raised leaf veins on both surfaces of the leaf. Seven veins branch out from the leaf base (A mid rib and three pairs of veins). The inner pair of veins extend almost all the way up the leaf. Leaves are 4 to 12 cm long and 2", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 2 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8736473", "chunk_text": "\"Viola lanceolata\"\nViola lanceolata Viola lanceolata, commonly known as lance-leaved violet or bog white violet, is a small group of stemless white-flowered violets. It is an ornamental plant in the Violaceae family, part of the genus \"\"Viola\"\". It gets its name from its lanceolate leaf shape and from the habitats in which it thrives. \"\"Viola lanceolata\"\" originates from North America and can be found in many states in the United States and in Canada. Its native status is L48 (N), CAN (N), and SPM (N). \"\"Viola lanceolata\"\" can be found growing in bogs, swamps, wet meadows and along shores in sandy soil.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 3 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4716713", "chunk_text": "Cardiospermum\nskin creams that claim to treat eczema and other skin conditions. Species include: Cardiospermum Cardiospermum is a genus of approximately 14 species in the soapberry family, Sapindaceae, which are native to the American, Indian, and African tropics. The genus name is derived from the Greek words καρδία, meaning \"\"heart,\"\" and σπέρμα, meaning \"\"seed.\"\" Common names of the members of this genus include Balloon Vine, Love in a Puff, Heartseed, and Heartseed Vine. These plants are classified as invasive species in parts of the Southern United States and South Africa. The genus \"\"Cardiospermum\"\" consists primarily of herbaceous vines, which are cultivated", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 4 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18668126", "chunk_text": "\"Bignonia capreolata\"\nBignonia capreolata Bignonia capreolata is a vine commonly referred to as crossvine. The common name refers to the cross-shaped pattern revealed when the stem is cut; this pattern results from four radial wedges of phloem embedded within the stem’s xylem. It is native to the central and southern United States. The vine climbs without twining but does produce tendrils. It produces long tubular flowers which are red and yellow and frequently have a mocha fragrance. The leaves are dark green to almost purple and produced as opposite pairs with terminal tendrils. The vine often climbs very high, with leaves only", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 5 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11751971", "chunk_text": "\"Muehlenbeckia complexa\"\nMuehlenbeckia complexa Muehlenbeckia complexa, commonly known as maidenhair vine, creeping wire vine, lacy wire vine, angel vine, mattress vine, mattress wire weed, necklace vine, and wire vine, is an ornamental plant in the Polygonaceae family, which is native to New Zealand. It is quite vigorous and probably the best species for trimming and topiary. It is semi-deciduous, growing to 15 ft (4.5 m) or more up suitable supports, and produces swollen white berries with black seeds. This species can become quite weedy in suitable climates if not restrained. In its native environment it plays a key role sealing human and", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 6 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8736475", "chunk_text": "\"Viola lanceolata\"\nhave purple veins. This plant spreads with root-like structures that grow over the surface of the ground (stolons). Its growth habit is a forb/herb. The fruit that it bears are green elliptical shaped capsules about a quarter-inch long containing many small round seeds that ripen to dark brown. Viola lanceolata Viola lanceolata, commonly known as lance-leaved violet or bog white violet, is a small group of stemless white-flowered violets. It is an ornamental plant in the Violaceae family, part of the genus \"\"Viola\"\". It gets its name from its lanceolate leaf shape and from the habitats in which it thrives.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 7 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20451213", "chunk_text": "Vine\nhormones octadecanoids, jasmonates and indole-3-acetic acid. The touch stimulus and hormones may interact via volatile compounds or internal oscillation patterns. Research has found the presence of ion translocating ATPases in the Bryonia dioica species of plants, which has implications for a possible ion mediation tendril curling mechanism. In response to a touch stimulus, vanadate sensitive K+, Mg2+ ATPase and a Ca2+ translocating ATPase both rapidly increase in their activity. This increases transmembrane ion fluxes that appear to be involved in the early stages of tendril coiling. Vine A vine (Latin \"\"vīnea\"\" \"\"grapevine\"\", \"\"vineyard\"\", from \"\"vīnum\"\" \"\"wine\"\") is any plant with", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 8 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2105093", "chunk_text": "\"Hoya kerrii\"\nvined Hoya kerri at a reasonable price. Garden centres and large box stores often stock Hoya kerrii as a single leaf cutting. The cutting's heart shape makes it a popular purchase for Valentine's day. The leaf readily roots and remains a planted heart for many months if not years. These are largely considered novelty items as very few single leaf cuttings develop into mature plants. In order for a leaf cutting to sprout a vine, part of the stem and a node is required from the mother plant. Even if a stem and node are present, it can take several", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 9 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1217492", "chunk_text": "\"Cassytha filiformis\"\nCassytha filiformis Cassytha filiformis, common name love-vine, is a species of obligate parasitic vine in the family Lauraceae. The species has a native pantropical distribution encompassing the Americas, Indomalaya, Australasia, Polynesia and tropical Africa In the Caribbean region, it is one of several plants known as \"\"Love vine\"\" because it has a reputation as an aphrodisiac. \"\"Cassytha filiformis\"\" is a twining vine with an orange to pale green stem. Leaves are reduced to scales about 1 mm long. Flowers are borne in spikes or sometimes solitary. There are six tepals, each 0.1-2.0 mm long. Fruit is a drupe about 7", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 10 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8035440", "chunk_text": "\"Vitis vulpina\"\nfor food during these months. The grape vine can be either monoecious or diecious, with flowers appearing in May to June. The flowers are arranged in compound panicles with 5 yellow petals, 5 sepals and 5 stamen (floral number is 5). The leaves are arranged alternately with a cordate shape. Venation is palmate. Unlike other wild grapes there are no tufts of hair present on the leaves. Tendrils appear every third leaf oppositely are reddish in color and used for growth along surfaces. The grapes are tiny and dark purple. It is most commonly found in moist or dry soils", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 11 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16913436", "chunk_text": "\"Ceropegia woodii\"\nCeropegia woodii Ceropegia woodii is a flowering plant in the genus \"\"Ceropegia\"\" (Apocynaceae), native to South Africa, Swaziland, and Zimbabwe. It is sometimes treated as a subspecies of the related \"\"Ceropegia linearis\"\", as \"\"C. linearis\"\" subsp. \"\"woodii\"\". Common names include chain of hearts, collar of hearts, string of hearts, rosary vine, hearts-on-a-string and sweetheart vine. The species was discovered in 1881 by John Medley Wood, curator of the Durban Botanic Gardens, hanging from rocks on Groenberg in Natal at an altitude of 1800 feet. Thirteen years later, in 1894, he sent a living plant to Kew. Its trailing habit, neat", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 12 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "728565", "chunk_text": "\"Clematis viorna\"\nClematis viorna Clematis viorna, commonly known as vasevine or leatherflower, is a flowering vine native to the southeastern United States. It grows in wooded habitats and bears purple flowers in spring and summer. \"\"Clematis viorna\"\" is a vine up to four meters long. The stems are almost completely free of hairs, or may have long or short soft hairs below the node. Leaves are usually cut into four to eight leaflets, with a terminal leaflet similar to a tendril. Some leaves may not be cut into leaflets. The leaflets are lance-shaped to oval-shaped, ranging from unlobed to bearing two or", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 13 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15944307", "chunk_text": "\"Viola lanceolata\"\nIt is a perennial plant that blooms between May and June. \"\"Viola lanceolata\"\" frequently hybridizes with northern white violet (\"\"Viola macloskeyi\"\") to form primrose-leaved violet (\"\"Viola primulifolia\"\"). It grows in similar habitats but has leaves intermediate between lance shaped and the typical heart-shaped violet leaves of northern white violet. The overall plant is tall and has narrow, lance-shaped leaves. These leaves are sometimes wider in the summer than in the spring and have generally smooth surfaces. Its stem is smooth and slender. Its flower contain 5 white pedals located at the top of the stalk. The bottom three petals typically", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 14 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18201970", "chunk_text": "\"Dischidia ruscifolia\"\nDischidia ruscifolia Dischidia ruscifolia, also known as Million Hearts, is an epiphytic plant native to the Philippines. This decorative plant comprises stiff, slender green shoots that grow to 3.3 feet in length before taking root at the tip and continuing, which are densely decorated in pairs of stiff, succulent, heart-shaped leaves; hence the name \"\"\"\"Million Hearts\"\"\"\". Many tiny white flowers appear on the internodes and remain for long periods of time. The plant looks graceful in a hanging pot, but is found in dense clumps and clusters on overhead tree branches in its habitat. \"\"Dischidia ruscifolia\"\" is very easily propagated", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 15 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1554015", "chunk_text": "\"Abelmoschus ficulneus\"\nAbelmoschus ficulneus Abelmoschus ficulneus is a species of flowering plant in the genus \"\"Abelmoschus\"\", family Malvaceae. Commonly known as white wild musk mallow or native rosella, it is fibrous perennial with a woody stem. Its flowers are about an inch in diameter, either pink or white, with a rose center; its leaves are palmate. The species grows as a small erect shrub, tall and across. Leaves are long and wide, with a circular shape (heart-shaped near base). Leaves are rough on both sides, toothed, and have 3 to 5 lobes. Flower stock are covered in velvety hair, and the flowers", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 16 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4664013", "chunk_text": "\"Aristolochia littoralis\"\nAristolochia littoralis Aristolochia littoralis, the calico flower or elegant Dutchman's pipe, is a species of evergreen deciduous vine belonging to the Aristolochiaceae family. The scientific name \"\"Aristolochia\"\" was developed from Ancient Greek \"\"aristos\"\" (\"\"άριστος\"\") \"\"best\"\" + \"\"locheia\"\" (\"\"λοχεία\"\"), \"\"childbirth\"\" or \"\"childbed\"\", as in ancient times the plant was thought to be effective against infections caused by childbirth. The species Latin name \"\"littoralis\"\" means “coastal”. \"\"Aristolochia littoralis\"\" is a climbing vine that can reach about in length. The slender stems are woody and the leaves are bright green, cordate, amplexicaul, long and wide, forming a dense attractive foliage. Flowers are heart-shaped,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 17 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16171060", "chunk_text": "\"Viola blanda\"\nViola blanda Viola blanda, commonly called the sweet white violet, is a flowering perennial plant in the Violet family (Violaceae). It is native to parts of south-eastern and south-central Canada and the eastern, and north-central, United States. Its natural habitat is in cool, mesic forests. The sweet white violet grows from 6 to 12 inches high. They grow small white flowers in spring and early summer. The lower petals have purple veins. The upper petals are often twisted or bent backwards. The stalks are a reddish tinged. They grow 1-2 inch long heart shaped leaves with a few scattered hairs.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 18 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1596582", "chunk_text": "Brunnichia\nBrunnichia The genus Brunnichia, also known as redvine or buckwheat vine, are perennial woody vines native to the United States. Redvine species are a pest when they grow within crops; for example, \"\"Brunnichia ovata\"\" is a significant problem in soybean crops in the Mississippi Delta. It is an example for thigmotropism. Usually thigmotropism occurs when plants grow around a surface, such as a wall, pot, or trellis. Climbing plants, such as vines, develop tendrils that coil around supporting objects. Touched cells produce auxin and transport it to untouched cells. Some untouched cells will then elongate faster so cell growth bends", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 19 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16913440", "chunk_text": "\"Ceropegia woodii\"\nGarden Merit(confirmed 2017). Ceropegia woodii Ceropegia woodii is a flowering plant in the genus \"\"Ceropegia\"\" (Apocynaceae), native to South Africa, Swaziland, and Zimbabwe. It is sometimes treated as a subspecies of the related \"\"Ceropegia linearis\"\", as \"\"C. linearis\"\" subsp. \"\"woodii\"\". Common names include chain of hearts, collar of hearts, string of hearts, rosary vine, hearts-on-a-string and sweetheart vine. The species was discovered in 1881 by John Medley Wood, curator of the Durban Botanic Gardens, hanging from rocks on Groenberg in Natal at an altitude of 1800 feet. Thirteen years later, in 1894, he sent a living plant to Kew. Its", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 20 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6162781", "chunk_text": "\"Viola mandshurica\"\nand flowers each emerging directly from the ground (actually from its underground rhizome). Its rhizomatous roots are short and thick. The leaves are typically oval-lanceolate to lanceolate; while the color of the leaves is normally a medium green above and below, some cultivars, such as Fuji Dawn, have leaves variegated with white, yellow and/or pink spots, streaks or splotches. As a violet, its trumpet-shaped flowers have five petals and bilateral symmetry. The lowermost petal is often the smallest, and all petals are typically a rich purple hue, though this can vary due to local conditions or localized mutations, and in", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 21 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12208670", "chunk_text": "\"Spadix (botany)\"\nSpadix (botany) In botany, a spadix ( ; plural spadices , ) is a type of spike inflorescence having small flowers borne on a fleshy stem. Spadices are typical of the family Araceae, the arums or aroids. The spadix is typically surrounded by a leaf-like curved bract known as a spathe. For example, the \"\"flower\"\" of the well known \"\"Anthurium\"\" spp. is a typical spadix with a large colorful spathe. Monoecious aroids have unisexual male and female flowers on the same individual and the spadix is usually organized with female flowers towards the bottom and male flowers towards the top.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 22 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1334038", "chunk_text": "\"Euonymus americanus\"\nEuonymus americanus Euonymus americanus is a species of flowering plant in the family Celastraceae. Common names include strawberry bush, American strawberry bush, bursting-heart, Dark green woody propellor 700 series, hearts-a-bustin and hearts-bustin'-with-love. It is native to the eastern United States, its distribution extending as far west as Texas. It has also been recorded in Ontario. This is a deciduous shrub growing up to 2 meters tall. The oppositely arranged leaves are leathery or papery in texture and measure up to 10 centimeters long. Flowers are borne in the leaf axils on peduncles up to 2.2 centimeters long. The yellow-green sepals", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 23 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7810095", "chunk_text": "Lamprocapnos\nLamprocapnos Lamprocapnos spectabilis (bleeding heart or Asian bleeding-heart) is a species of flowering plant in the poppy family Papaveraceae, native to Siberia, northern China, Korea and Japan. It is the sole species in the monotypic genus \"\"Lamprocapnos\"\", but is still widely referenced under its old name Dicentra spectabilis (now listed as a synonym). It is valued in gardens and in floristry for its heart-shaped pink and white flowers, borne in spring. Other common names include \"\"lyre flower\"\" and \"\"lady-in-a-bath\"\". The Asian bleeding-heart grows to 120 cm (47 in) tall by 45 cm (18 in) wide. It is a rhizomatous herbaceous", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 24 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19268326", "chunk_text": "\"Vitis arizonica\"\nand the bark becoming shreddy. Leaves: Winter deciduous; broadly cordate, 3–10 cm long and about as wide, irregularly toothed and sometimes shallowly 3-lobed, more-or-less cottony hairy; petiole 1–3 cm long; tendrils opposite the leaves, bifurcate, lacking adhesive discs, withering quickly if not attached to something. Flowers: Inflorescence a loose, open, strongly branched panicle, 2–10 cm long, emerging opposite the leaves; flowers tiny with five, white petals. Fruits: Edible (but sometimes bitter) grapes, 8–10 mm thick, black. The canyon grape is a vigorously branching vine. Stems are slender, with significant tapering from base to apex. Fully developed leaves resemble a three-lobed", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 25 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18811605", "chunk_text": "\"Campsis radicans\"\nCampsis radicans Campsis radicans (trumpet vine or trumpet creeper, also known in North America as cow itch vine or hummingbird vine), is a species of flowering plant of the family Bignoniaceae, native to the eastern United States and naturalized in parts of the western United States as well as in Ontario, parts of Europe, and scattered locations in Latin America. Growing to , it is a vigorous, deciduous woody vine, notable for its showy trumpet-shaped flowers. It inhabits woodlands and riverbanks, and is also a popular garden subject. The leaves are opposite, ovate, pinnate, 3–10 cm long, and emerald green", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 26 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3288116", "chunk_text": "\"Spathiphyllum wallisii\"\neven larger “Sensation”, which are both popular indoor plants. \"\"Domino\"\" is a finely variegated variety of intermediate size. Spathiphyllum wallisii Spathiphyllum wallisii, commonly known as peace lily, white sails, or spathe flower is a very popular indoor house plant of the family Araceae. The genus name means \"\"spathe-leaf\"\", and the specific epithet is named after Gustav Wallis, the German plant collector. It is a herbaceous perennial which produces flowers in the typical aroid structure: a densely crowded inflorescence called a spadix is subtended by one large bract called a spathe (occasionally two spathes are produced, with the upper spathe smaller).", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 27 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6262146", "chunk_text": "\"Siraitia grosvenorii\"\nLee, who wrote an English report on it in 1975, and also to Tsunematsu Takemoto, who worked on it the early 1980s in Japan (later Takemoto decided to concentrate on the similar sweet plant, \"\"jiaogulan\"\"). The development of \"\"luo han guo\"\" products in China has continued ever since, focusing in particular on the development of concentrated extracts. The vine attains a length of 3 to 5 m, climbing over other plants by means of tendrils which twine around anything they touch. The narrow, heart-shaped leaves are 10–20 cm long. The fruit is round, 5–7 cm in diameter, smooth, yellow-brownish or", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 28 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1334040", "chunk_text": "\"Euonymus americanus\"\nconsidered poisonous to humans. Euonymus americanus Euonymus americanus is a species of flowering plant in the family Celastraceae. Common names include strawberry bush, American strawberry bush, bursting-heart, Dark green woody propellor 700 series, hearts-a-bustin and hearts-bustin'-with-love. It is native to the eastern United States, its distribution extending as far west as Texas. It has also been recorded in Ontario. This is a deciduous shrub growing up to 2 meters tall. The oppositely arranged leaves are leathery or papery in texture and measure up to 10 centimeters long. Flowers are borne in the leaf axils on peduncles up to 2.2 centimeters", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 29 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "790012", "chunk_text": "\"Philodendron hederaceum\"\nPhilodendron hederaceum Philodendron hederaceum (common name: heartleaf philodendron synonym: \"\"Philodendron scandens\"\") is a species of flowering plant in the family Araceae, native to Central America and the Caribbean. It is an evergreen climber growing to , with heart-shaped glossy leaves to long, and occasionally spathes of white flowers in mature plants. With a minimum temperature requirement of , in temperate regions it must be grown under glass or as a houseplant. It has gained the Royal Horticultural Society's Award of Garden Merit. Parts of the plant are known to contain calcium oxalate crystals in varying concentrations. Although the plant is", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 30 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5209537", "chunk_text": "Vine\nthe host tree's outer bark. The fetterbush then sends out branches that emerge near the top of the tree. Most vines are flowering plants. These may be divided into woody vines or lianas, such as wisteria, kiwifruit, and common ivy, and herbaceous (nonwoody) vines, such as morning glory. One odd group of vining plants is the fern genus \"\"Lygodium\"\", called climbing ferns. The stem does not climb, but rather the fronds (leaves) do. The fronds unroll from the tip, and theoretically never stop growing; they can form thickets as they unroll over other plants, rockfaces, and fences. A twining vine,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 31 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8100190", "chunk_text": "\"Secamone elliptica\"\nSecamone elliptica Secamone elliptica, also known as corky milk vine, cork vine and secamone, is a species of vines or lianas, of the plant family Apocynaceae. The range extends from southern China through much of Southeast Asia to Northern Australia, from The Kimberley, across The Top End and the East coast from Cape York to northern New South Wales. The natural habitat is monsoon forest, littoral rainforest and occasionally in more open forest types. The species is characterised by opposite leaves and milky sap that exudes from broken stems and leaves. Small cream or yellow flowers are produced in spring", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 32 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6349793", "chunk_text": "\"Aptenia cordifolia\"\nAptenia cordifolia Aptenia cordifolia is a species of succulent plant in the iceplant family known by the common names heartleaf iceplant and baby sun rose. The specific epithet is derived from the Latin word \"\"cor\"\" for heart (because of the heart-shaped leaves). A creeping plant that forms a carpet of flat-growing perennial herbs in groups on the ground from a base, it is sometimes referred to as the heart-leaved aptenia or heart-leaved midday flower because, like many other representatives of the Aizoaceae, it opens its flowers only during the sunshine of the day. Perhaps the most common plant seen under", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 33 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5209534", "chunk_text": "Vine\nas low shrubs when support is not available, but will become vines when support is available. A vine displays a growth form based on long stems. This has two purposes. A vine may use rock exposures, other plants, or other supports for growth rather than investing energy in a lot of supportive tissue, enabling the plant to reach sunlight with a minimum investment of energy. This has been a highly successful growth form for plants such as kudzu and Japanese honeysuckle, both of which are invasive exotics in parts of North America. There are some tropical vines that develop skototropism,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 34 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2341281", "chunk_text": "\"Bignonia capreolata\"\nthey had identified the indole alkaloid reserpine in Crossvine. Bignonia capreolata Bignonia capreolata is a vine commonly referred to as crossvine. The common name refers to the cross-shaped pattern revealed when the stem is cut; this pattern results from four radial wedges of phloem embedded within the stem’s xylem. It is native to the central and southern United States. The vine climbs without twining but does produce tendrils. It produces long tubular flowers which are red and yellow and frequently have a mocha fragrance. The leaves are dark green to almost purple and produced as opposite pairs with terminal tendrils.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 35 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16429909", "chunk_text": "\"Vitis palmata\"\nlobed leaves (3–5 lobes per leaf, acuminate with rounded sinuses). These are ovate, and typically about 10–15 cm long and wide, usually lacking hairs. Its tendrils are branched. Its flowers appear in late Spring. The inflorescences are densely compound panicles measuring 5–15 cm in length. Its dark purple or blackish berries measure 5–8 mm in diameter, and come into ripeness late in the Summer. They are consumed by many birds and animals, and can be made into wild grape jelly, although not all are juicy or particularly flavorful. Leaves and tendrils, flowers and fruit all spring from herbaceous, crimson branches", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 36 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17407770", "chunk_text": "\"Viola calcarata\"\nViola calcarata Viola calcarata is a species of genus \"\"Viola\"\" that grows on mountains of south-eastern Europe. It is commonly known as long-spurred violet or mountain violet. It is a herbaceous flowering perennial plant. This plant, up to 15 cm tall, has short and glabrous stem, leafy in the lower part, prostrate, ascendent or suberect. This plant can show heterophylly: upper leaves can be different from lower leaves. The blade can be more or less elongated, from rounded to lanceolate, with crenate margin. At the base of the petiole there are stipules (5–15 mm long) of various form, from linear", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 37 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17402027", "chunk_text": "\"Ambrosia salsola\"\nneedlelike leaves. Leaves are narrow and needlelike (linear), thread-like (filiform), sometimes up to long but a mere across. The foliage and stem tips have a foul, pungent, cheese-like scent when crushed, a trait which gives the plant the common name \"\"cheesebush\"\". It flowers from March to June. Numerous small, cuplike male flowers grow in spike-like clusters above the female heads growing in the leaf axils. All female (Pistillate) flower heads contain only one flower, while all male (staminate) heads may contain 5-15 flowers. It is covered in plentiful white or yellow flowers and then pearly, winged fruits in white, yellow,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 38 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18201971", "chunk_text": "\"Dischidia ruscifolia\"\nfrom cuttings and will survive a wide range of treatment from a gardener. Dischidia ruscifolia Dischidia ruscifolia, also known as Million Hearts, is an epiphytic plant native to the Philippines. This decorative plant comprises stiff, slender green shoots that grow to 3.3 feet in length before taking root at the tip and continuing, which are densely decorated in pairs of stiff, succulent, heart-shaped leaves; hence the name \"\"\"\"Million Hearts\"\"\"\". Many tiny white flowers appear on the internodes and remain for long periods of time. The plant looks graceful in a hanging pot, but is found in dense clumps and clusters", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 39 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18032647", "chunk_text": "\"Harry P. Leu Gardens\"\nvining palms. A majority of the vines grown throughout the world are found in tropical or subtropical climates. The vine displays are grown on the chain link fence that borders the overflow parking lot, and can also be found along the fences in the Home Demonstration Garden and along the Tropical Stream Garden. The total display contains over 150 different vines, many with showy flowers, suitable for Central Florida. White Garden: A small tranquil garden developed to give an alternative site for small weddings. The plants in this area have flowers that are white or have green and variegated foliage.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 40 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16464308", "chunk_text": "Cochliasanthus\nnot the same species was made only after the less mature plant finally bloomed. Both plants are pollinated by ants so, without ants, the plant will produce few, if any, seeds. The corkscrew vine, \"\"Cochliasanthus caracalla\"\", has highly fragrant, multicolored, corkscrew or spiral shaped flowers and is not an invasive plant. More specifically, the flowers are white with purple streaks that fade to cream and then to yellow with age. They hang in twelve-inch long clusters. The flowers are extremely wavy and immature blossoms very much resemble multicolored spirals or corkscrews. This plant grows white buds that produce nectar, which", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 41 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14382814", "chunk_text": "\"Stephania japonica\"\nStephania japonica Stephania japonica, known as snake vine, is a common scrambler often seen in sheltered areas near the sea. A dioecious vine without prickles. Greenish small flowers form on compound umbels, growing from the leaf axils in the warmer months. Inflorescences are 4 to 8 cm long. The fruit is an oval shaped, orange or red drupe, 2 to 5 mm long. A feature of this plant is the peltate leaves, (the stem is attached to the leaf, away from the leaf edge). A widespread vine seen as far south as Eden, New South Wales, north through Queensland. Also", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 42 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "73658", "chunk_text": "\"Clematis glycinoides\"\nhas been described as \"\"the head 'exploding', the eyes 'watering' and intense irritation of the nasal passages\"\" – such that the initial headache was quickly forgotten. Two varieties are recognised—\"\"C. glycinoides glycinoides\"\" and \"\"C. glycinoides submutica\"\". \"\"Clematis glycinoides\"\" is a woody-stemmed vine that can reach long, with simple lanceolate (spear-shaped) to oblong leaves that are long by wide. The cream-white flowers appear from July to December, although these are most abundant in September. The species is dioecious: the plants have either male or female flowers. The seedheads have several feathery 'tails' up to long. \"\"C. glycinoides\"\" is found in Queensland,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 43 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5902230", "chunk_text": "Convolvulaceae\nConvolvulaceae Convolvulaceae, known commonly as the bindweed or morning glory family, is a family of about 60 genera and more than 1,650 species of mostly herbaceous vines, but also trees, shrubs and herbs, and also including the sweet potato and a few other food tubers. Convolvulaceae can be recognized by their funnel-shaped, radially symmetrical corolla; the floral formula for the family has five sepals, five fused petals, five epipetalous stamens (stamens fused to the petals), and a two-part syncarpous and superior gynoecium. The stems of these plants are usually winding, hence their Latin name (from \"\"convolvere\"\", \"\"to wind\"\"). The leaves", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 44 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12007883", "chunk_text": "Zinnia\nhabit with spreading stems that mound over the surface of the ground. They typically range in height from 10 to 100 cm tall (4\"\" to 40\"\"). The leaves are opposite and usually stalkless (sessile), with a shape ranging from linear to ovate, and a color ranging from pale to medium green. The flowers have a range of appearances, from a single row of petals to a dome shape. Zinnias may be white, chartreuse, yellow, orange, red, purple, or lilac. see \"\"Glossocardia Philactis\"\" \"\"Zinnia elegans\"\", also known as \"\"Zinnia violacea\"\", is the most familiar species, originally from the warm regions of", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 45 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20499771", "chunk_text": "\"Bryonia dioica\"\nBryonia dioica Bryonia dioica, known by the common names red bryony and white bryony, also English mandrake or ladies' seal, is a perennial climbing vine indigenous to Central and Southern Europe. It is a flowering plant in the cucumber family Cucurbitaceae with five-pointed leaves and blue or white flowers. The vine produces a red berry fruit. \"\"Bryonia dioica\"\" is generally toxic to humans. Application of its juice to the skin produces inflammation with a rash or ulcers, and consumption of this juice causes intense gastrointestinal irritation including nausea and vomiting in small doses, and anxiety, paralysis, or death in larger", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 46 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5860523", "chunk_text": "\"Trichosanthes dioica\"\nTrichosanthes dioica Trichosanthes dioica, also known as pointed gourd, is a vine plant in the Cucurbitaceae family, similar to cucumber and squash, though unlike those it is perennial. It is a dioecious (male and female plants) vine (creeper) plant with heart-shaped leaves (cordate) and is grown on a trellis. The fruits are green with white or no stripes. Size can vary from small and round to thick and long — 2 to 6 inches (5 to 15 cm). It thrives well under a hot to moderately warm and humid climate. The plant remains dormant during the winter season and prefers", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 47 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3654905", "chunk_text": "Fontanesia\nFontanesia Fontanesia is a genus of flowering plants in the family Oleaceae, usually treated as comprising a single species Fontanesia phillyreoides, though some authors split this into two species (see below). It is native to southern Europe (Sicily), southwestern Asia (Lebanon, Syria, Turkey) and eastern Asia (China), with two well-separated populations. It is a deciduous shrub growing to 8 m tall. The leaves are opposite, lanceolate to narrow ovate, 3–12 cm long and 8–26 mm broad, with an acute apex and a usually entire margin, sometimes finely serrated. The flowers are white, with a deeply four-lobed corolla; they are produced", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 48 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6680944", "chunk_text": "\"Sarcopetalum harveyanum\"\nto 9 cm wide. The leaf stem is 1 to 8 cm long. The swelling at the base of the leaf stem is enlarged and evident. Red or yellow flowers occur on racemes in summer. These racemes often grow from old wood on the vine. The flowers are tiny and seldom seen, petals 3 mm long. The fruit is a red drupe, 5 to 8 mm in diameter. They resemble a miniature bunch of grapes. Pearl vine is food for the larvae of the moths \"\"Eudocima salaminia\"\" and \"\"Eudocima fullonia\"\". Sarcopetalum harveyanum Sarcopetalum harveyanum, known as the pearl vine, is", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 49 } ]
test_3480	where does the thames river begin and end?	n/a	[ "Lighthouse Cove", "Near Tavistock" ]	[]	n/a	n/a	n/a	[]	[ { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16216627", "chunk_text": "\"River Thames\"\nRiver Thames The River Thames, ( ) known alternatively in parts as the Isis, is a river that flows through southern England including London. At , it is the longest river entirely in England and the second longest in the United Kingdom, after the River Severn. It flows through Oxford (where it is called the Isis), Reading, Henley-on-Thames and Windsor. The lower reaches of the river are called the Tideway, derived from its long tidal reach up to Teddington Lock. It rises at Thames Head in Gloucestershire, and flows into the North Sea via the Thames Estuary. The Thames drains", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 0 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4234303", "chunk_text": "\"River Thames\"\nprotected by modern sea defences comprising of concrete seawall. Many of the victims were in the holiday bungalows of the eastern Newlands estate and perished as the water reached ceiling level. The small village area of the island is approximately above sea level and consequently escaped the effects of the flood. River Thames The River Thames, ( ) known alternatively in parts as the Isis, is a river that flows through southern England including London. At , it is the longest river entirely in England and the second longest in the United Kingdom, after the River Severn. It flows through", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 1 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16216648", "chunk_text": "\"River Thames\"\nWindsor and Eton, Staines-upon-Thames and Egham, Chertsey, Shepperton, Weybridge, Sunbury-on-Thames, Walton-on-Thames, Molesey and Thames Ditton. The river was subject to minor redefining and widening of the main channel around Oxford, Abingdon and Marlow before 1850, since when further cuts to ease navigation have reduced distances further. Molesey faces Hampton, and in Greater London the Thames passes Hampton Court Palace, Surbiton, Kingston upon Thames, Teddington, Twickenham, Richmond (with a famous view of the Thames from Richmond Hill), Syon House, Kew, Brentford, Chiswick, Barnes, Hammersmith, Fulham, Putney, Wandsworth, Battersea and Chelsea. In central London, the river passes Pimlico and Vauxhall, and then", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 2 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14418112", "chunk_text": "\"River Thames\"\nLondon Bridge, and Teddington about an hour later. The tidal stretch of the river is known as \"\"the Tideway\"\". Tide tables are published by the Port of London Authority and are available online. Times of high and low tides are also posted on Twitter. The principal tributaries of the River Thames on the Tideway include the rivers Brent, Wandle, Effra, Westbourne, Fleet, Ravensbourne (the final part of which is called Deptford Creek), Lea, Roding, Darent and Ingrebourne. At London, the water is slightly brackish with sea salt, being a mix of sea and fresh water. This part of the river", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 3 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1304208", "chunk_text": "\"River Thames\"\nmillion years ago, in the Thanetian stage of the late Palaeocene epoch. Until around 500,000 years ago, the Thames flowed on its existing course through what is now Oxfordshire, before turning to the north east through Hertfordshire and East Anglia and reaching the North Sea near Ipswich. At this time the river system headwaters lay in the English West Midlands and may, at times, have received drainage from the Berwyn Mountains in North Wales. Brooks and rivers like the River Brent, Colne Brook and Bollo Brook either flowed into the then River Thames or went out to sea on the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 4 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6937629", "chunk_text": "\"River Thames\"\ninto London, after which the river rejoined its original course in southern Essex, near the present River Blackwater estuary. Here it entered a substantial freshwater lake in the southern North Sea basin, south of what is called Doggerland. The overspill of this lake caused the formation of the Channel River and later the Dover Strait gap between Britain and France. Subsequent development led to the continuation of the course that the river follows at the present day. Most of the bedrock of the Vale of Aylesbury is made up of clay and chalk that was formed at the end of", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 5 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6937628", "chunk_text": "\"River Thames\"\ncourse of the present-day River Thames. About 450,000 years ago, in the most extreme Ice Age of the Pleistocene, the Anglian, the furthest southern extent of the ice sheet was at Hornchurch in east London. It dammed the river in Hertfordshire, resulting in the formation of large ice lakes, which eventually burst their banks and caused the river to be diverted onto its present course through what is now London. Progressively, the channel was pushed south to form the St Albans depression by the repeated advances of the ice sheet. This created a new river course through Berkshire and on", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 6 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4231073", "chunk_text": "\"River Thames\"\nits name to three informal areas: the Thames Valley, a region of England around the river between Oxford and West London; the Thames Gateway; and the greatly overlapping Thames Estuary around the tidal Thames to the east of London and including the waterway itself. Thames Valley Police is a formal body that takes its name from the river, covering three counties. In non-administrative use, the river's name is used in those of Thames Valley University, Thames Water, Thames Television, publishing company Thames & Hudson, Thameslink (north-south railways passing through central London) and South Thames College. An example of its use", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 7 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16216647", "chunk_text": "\"River Thames\"\nThames Head to the confluence, the overall length of the Thames measured from Seven Springs, at , is greater than the Severn's length of . Thus, the \"\"Churn/Thames\"\" river may be regarded as the longest natural river in the United Kingdom. The stream from Seven Springs is joined at Coberley by a longer tributary which could further increase the length of the Thames, with its source in the grounds of the National Star College at Ullenwood. The Thames flows through or alongside Ashton Keynes, Cricklade, Lechlade, Oxford, Abingdon-on-Thames, Wallingford, Goring-on-Thames and Streatley, Pangbourne and Whitchurch-on-Thames, Reading, Wargrave, Henley-on-Thames, Marlow, Maidenhead,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 8 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4231096", "chunk_text": "\"River Thames\"\nIn addition, there are occasional backwaters and artificial cuts that form islands, distributaries (most numerous in the case of the Colne), and man-made distributaries such as the Longford River. Three canals intersect this stretch: the Oxford Canal, Kennet and Avon Canal and Wey Navigation. Its longest artificial secondary channel (cut), the Jubilee River, was built between Maidenhead and Windsor for flood relief and completed in 2002. The non-tidal section of the river is owned and managed by the Environment Agency, which is responsible for managing the flow of water to help prevent and mitigate flooding, and providing for navigation: the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 9 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16216649", "chunk_text": "\"River Thames\"\nforms one of the principal axes of the city, from the Palace of Westminster to the Tower of London. At this point, it historically formed the southern boundary of the medieval city, with Southwark, on the opposite bank, then being part of Surrey. Beyond central London, the river passes Bermondsey, Wapping, Shadwell, Limehouse, Rotherhithe, Millwall, Deptford, Greenwich, Cubitt Town, Blackwall, New Charlton and Silvertown, before flowing through the Thames Barrier, which protects central London from flooding by storm surges. Below the barrier, the river passes Woolwich, Thamesmead, Dagenham, Erith, Purfleet, Dartford, West Thurrock, Northfleet, Tilbury and Gravesend before entering the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 10 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11353764", "chunk_text": "\"Thames River (Ontario)\"\nand North Thames River meet in central London at the \"\"Forks\"\"; the University of Western Ontario is located north of the Forks at the north branch's confluence with Medway Creek. The Middle Thames River runs north of the Thames River joining it west of Ingersoll. Downriver from London, the lower part of the river flows through a shallow plain of sand and clay, with an average depth of . The lower Thames River flows through Delaware, Chatham, Thamesville, as well as Chippewa and Oneida First Nations settlements. Tributaries of the Thames include the Avon River, Dingman Creek, Jeanettes Creek, McGregor", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 11 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1302227", "chunk_text": "\"River Thames\"\nThames Estuary), the river is subject to tidal activity from the North Sea. Before the lock was installed, the river was tidal as far as Staines, about upstream. London, capital of Roman Britain, was established on two hills, now known as Cornhill and Ludgate Hill. These provided a firm base for a trading centre at the lowest possible point on the Thames. A river crossing was built at the site of London Bridge. London Bridge is now used as the basis for published tide tables giving the times of high tide. High tide reaches Putney about 30 minutes later than", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 12 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6937656", "chunk_text": "\"River Thames\"\nriverside attractions such as the Houses of Parliament and the Tower of London as well as regular riverboat services co-ordinated by London River Services. London city Airport is situated on the Thames, in East London. Previously it was a dock. In summer, passenger services operate along the entire non-tidal river from Oxford to Teddington. The two largest operators are Salters Steamers and French Brothers. Salters operate services between Folly Bridge, Oxford and Staines. The whole journey takes 4 days and requires several changes of boat. French Brothers operate passenger services between Maidenhead and Hampton Court. Along the course of the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 13 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4234260", "chunk_text": "\"River Thames\"\nto help reduce the flood risk in Maidenhead Windsor and Eton. In 2010, the Thames won the largest environmental award in the world – the $350,000 International Riverprize. One of the major resources provided by the Thames is the water distributed as drinking water by Thames Water, whose area of responsibility covers the length of the River Thames. The Thames Water Ring Main is the main distribution mechanism for water in London, with one major loop linking the Hampton, Walton, Ashford and Kempton Park Water Treatment Works with central London. In the past, commercial activities on the Thames included fishing", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 14 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18586986", "chunk_text": "\"Thames Estuary\"\nThames Estuary The Thames Estuary is where the River Thames meets the waters of the North Sea, in the south-east of Great Britain. The limits of the estuary have been defined in several ways: The estuary is one of the largest of 170 such inlets on the coast of Great Britain. It constitutes a major shipping route: its thousands of movements each year include large oil tankers, container ships, bulk carriers and roll-on/roll-off (ro-ro) ferries entering the estuary for the Port of London and the Medway Ports of Sheerness, Chatham and Thamesport. The traditional Thames sailing barge worked in this", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 15 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1302201", "chunk_text": "\"River Thames\"\nriver in the Ravenna Cosmography (c. AD 700). The river's name has always been pronounced with a simple \"\"t\"\" /t/; the Middle English spelling was typically \"\"Temese\"\" and the Brittonic form \"\"Tamesis\"\". A similar spelling from 1210, \"\"Tamisiam\"\", is found in the Magna Carta. The Thames through Oxford is sometimes called the Isis. Historically, and especially in Victorian times, gazetteers and cartographers insisted that the entire river was correctly named the Isis from its source down to Dorchester on Thames and that only from this point, where the river meets the Thame and becomes the \"\"Thame-isis\"\" (supposedly subsequently abbreviated to", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 16 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16218890", "chunk_text": "\"River Thames\"\nbefore the tidal section of the river starts is Royal Canoe Club, said to be the oldest in the world and founded in 1866. Since 1950, almost every year at Easter, long distance canoeists have been competing in what is now known as the Devizes to Westminster International Canoe Race, which follows the course of the Kennet and Avon Canal, joins the River Thames at Reading and runs right up to a grand finish at Westminster Bridge. In 2006 British swimmer and environmental campaigner Lewis Pugh became the first person to swim the full length of the Thames from outside", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 17 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12447006", "chunk_text": "\"Thames Path\"\nThames Path The Thames Path is a National Trail following the River Thames from its source near Kemble in Gloucestershire to the Thames Barrier at Charlton, south east London. It is about long. A path was first proposed in 1948 but it only opened in 1996. The Thames Path's entire length can be walked, and a few parts can be cycled. Some parts of the Thames Path, particularly west of Oxford, are subject to flooding during the winter. The river is also tidal downstream from Teddington Lock and parts of the path may be under water if there is a", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 18 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1302219", "chunk_text": "\"River Thames\"\nwhen the ice melt nearly concluded over the past 4,000 years. Since the beginning of the 20th century, rates of sea level rise range from 1.22 mm per year to 2.14 mm per year. The Thames River Basin District, including the Medway catchment, covers an area of . The river basin includes both rural and heavily urbanised areas in the east and northern parts while the western parts of the catchment are predominantly rural. The area is among the driest in the United Kingdom. Water resources consist of groundwater from aquifers and water taken from the Thames and its tributaries,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 19 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4234263", "chunk_text": "\"River Thames\"\nriver a number of smaller private companies also offer river trips at Oxford, Wallingford, Reading and Hampton Court. Many companies also provide boat hire on the river. The leisure navigation and sporting activities on the river have given rise to a number of businesses including boatbuilding, marinas, ships chandlers and salvage services. The Air Line aerial cable system over the Thames from the Greenwich Peninsula to the Royal Docks has been in operation since the 2012 Summer Olympics. The river is policed by five police forces. The Thames Division is the River Police arm of London's Metropolitan Police, while Surrey", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 20 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1302211", "chunk_text": "\"River Thames\"\nadds some to the river's length. At Seven Springs above the source is a stone with the Latin hexameter inscription \"\"Hic tuus o Tamesine pater septemgeminus fons\"\", which means \"\"Here, O Father Thames, [is] your sevenfold source\"\". The springs at Seven Springs flow throughout the year, while those at Thames Head are only seasonal (a winterbourne). The Thames is the longest river entirely in England. (The longest river in the United Kingdom, the Severn, flows partly in Wales). However, as the River Churn, sourced at Seven Springs, is longer than the section of the Thames from its traditional source at", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 21 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16216629", "chunk_text": "\"River Thames\"\nIts catchment area covers a large part of south-eastern and a small part of western England; the river is fed by 38 named tributaries. The river contains over 80 islands. With its waters varying from freshwater to almost seawater, the Thames supports a variety of wildlife and has a number of adjoining Sites of Special Scientific Interest, with the largest being in the remaining parts of the North Kent Marshes and covering . The Thames, from Middle English \"\"Temese\"\", is derived from the Brittonic Celtic name for the river, \"\"Tamesas\"\" (from *\"\"tamēssa\"\"), recorded in Latin as \"\"Tamesis\"\" and yielding modern", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 22 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3351734", "chunk_text": "\"Rowing on the River Thames\"\nRowing on the River Thames The River Thames is one of the main rowing areas in England, with activity taking place on the Tideway and on the 45 separate lock reaches on the non-tidal section. The river hosts two major rowing events, The Boat Race and Henley Royal Regatta, and many other regattas and long distance events take place on the river. Dorney Lake in Buckinghamshire was opened specifically as a rowing lake besides the Thames, and has become the venue for a few events that formerly took place on the river. Other lakes adjacent to the Thames are the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 23 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16216644", "chunk_text": "\"River Thames\"\ntwo Summer Olympic Games: 1908 (rowing) and 1948 (rowing and canoeing). Safe headwaters and reaches are a summer venue for organised swimming, which is prohibited on safety grounds in a stretch centred on Central London. The usually quoted source of the Thames is at Thames Head (at ). This is about north of Kemble parish church in southern Gloucestershire, near the town of Cirencester, in the Cotswolds. However, Seven Springs near Cheltenham, where the Churn (which feeds into the Thames near Cricklade) rises, is also sometimes quoted as the Thames' source, as this location is furthest from the mouth, and", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 24 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4234235", "chunk_text": "\"River Thames\"\nthis time, the Thames' course did not continue to Doggerland but flowed southwards from the eastern Essex coast where it met the Rhine, the Meuse and the Scheldt flowing from what are now the Netherlands and Belgium. These rivers formed a single river – the Channel River (\"\"Fleuve Manche\"\") – that passed through the Dover Strait and drained into the Atlantic Ocean in the western English Channel. The ice sheet, which stopped around present day Finchley, deposited boulder clay to form Dollis Hill and Hanger Hill. Its torrent of meltwater gushed through the Finchley Gap and south towards the new", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 25 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11353762", "chunk_text": "\"Thames River (Ontario)\"\nThames River (Ontario) The Thames River is located in southwestern Ontario, Canada. The Thames flows west through southwestern Ontario, from the Town of Tavistock westward through the cities of Woodstock, London and Chatham to Lighthouse Cove on Lake St. Clair. Its drainage basin is . Called Askunessippi (Anishinaabe language: \"\"Eshkani-ziibi\"\", \"\"the antlered river\"\") by the Odawa and Ojibwa inhabitants, who together with the Neutrals have lived in the area since before Europeans arrived, the river was named after the River Thames in England by Lieutenant Governor John Graves Simcoe in 1793. Much of the Thames is surrounded by deciduous Carolinian", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 26 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19333925", "chunk_text": "\"Thames meander\"\nsponsorship. The normal start of a meander for craft is Halfpenny Bridge, Lechlade. The finish is often Teddington Lock but other points in London are used. A \"\"Giant meander\"\" for craft goes all the way to Gravesend Pier. The Thames Meander run begins at Reading, Berkshire. Thames meander Thames meander refers to a long-distance journey over all or part of the River Thames in England. Walking the Thames Path is itself a meander, but the term usually applies to journeys using other methods such as rowing, punting, running, or swimming. A Thames meander can be a social expedition over a", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 27 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16216628", "chunk_text": "\"River Thames\"\nthe whole of Greater London. Its tidal section, reaching up to Teddington Lock, includes most of its London stretch and has a rise and fall of . Running through some of the driest parts of mainland Britain and heavily abstracted for drinking water, the Thames' discharge is low considering its length and breadth: the Severn has a discharge almost twice as large on average despite having a smaller drainage basin. In Scotland, the Tay achieves more than double the Thames' average discharge from a drainage basin that is 60% smaller. Along its course are 45 navigation locks with accompanying weirs.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 28 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13993254", "chunk_text": "\"River Lea\"\nRiver Lea The River Lea originates in the Chiltern Hills, England, and flows southeast through east London where it meets the River Thames, the last looping section being known as Bow Creek. It is one of the largest rivers in London and the easternmost major tributary of the Thames. Its valley creates a long chain of marshy ground along its lower length, much of which has been used for gravel and mineral extraction, reservoirs and industry. Much of the river has been canalised to provide a navigable route for boats into eastern Hertfordshire, known as the Lee Navigation. While the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 29 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10816245", "chunk_text": "\"Thames Head\"\nis usually only water during a wet winter. Thames Head Thames Head is the site in Gloucestershire, traditionally identified as the source of the River Thames, a major river which runs through the centre of London. It is in a meadow known as Trewsbury Mead near the village of Kemble and the town of Cirencester. The elevation of the source is above sea level. The claim that this site is the source of the River Thames is disputed. The Environment Agency, the Ordnance Survey and other authorities have the source of the Thames as Trewsbury Mead. Others hold that the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 30 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3323003", "chunk_text": "London\nas the London Metropolitan Region or the London Metropolitan Agglomeration, comprises a total area of has a population of 13,709,000 and a population density of . Modern London stands on the Thames, its primary geographical feature, a navigable river which crosses the city from the south-west to the east. The Thames Valley is a floodplain surrounded by gently rolling hills including Parliament Hill, Addington Hills, and Primrose Hill. Historically London grew up at the lowest bridging point on the Thames. The Thames was once a much broader, shallower river with extensive marshlands; at high tide, its shores reached five times", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 31 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4234259", "chunk_text": "\"River Thames\"\ncompared with the late 19th and early- to mid-20th centuries and aquatic life has returned to its formerly 'dead' stretches. Alongside the entire river runs the Thames Path, a National Route for walkers and cyclists. In the early 1980s a pioneering flood control device, the Thames Barrier, was opened. It is closed to tides several times a year to prevent water damage to London's low-lying areas upstream (the 1928 Thames flood demonstrated the severity of this type of event). In the late 1990s, the long Jubilee River was built as a wide \"\"naturalistic\"\" flood relief channel from Taplow to Eton", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 32 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4231075", "chunk_text": "\"River Thames\"\nmaritime route is formed for much of its length for shipping and supplies: through the Port of London for international trade, internally along its length and by its connection to the British canal system. The river's position has put it at the centre of many events in British history, leading to it being described by John Burns as \"\"liquid history\"\". Two broad canals link the river to other river basins: the Kennet and Avon Canal (Reading to Bath) and the Grand Union Canal (London to the Midlands). The Grand Union effectively bypassed the earlier, narrow and winding Oxford Canal which", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 33 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3347350", "chunk_text": "\"Thames Valley\"\nThames Valley The Thames Valley is an informally-defined sub-region of South East England, centred on the River Thames west of London, with Oxford as a major centre. Its boundaries vary with context. The area is a major tourist destination and economic hub, includes part of the M4 corridor, and is sometimes referred to as England's Silicon Valley due to the concentration of high-technology companies. The area east of Reading is defined by Natural England as the Thames Valley National Character Area, while Thames Valley Police cover the counties of Berkshire, Buckinghamshire and Oxfordshire. As a National Character Area, the Thames", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 34 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4234279", "chunk_text": "\"River Thames\"\nsewage from all the towns and villages in the Thames catchment flow into the Thames via sewage treatment plants. This includes all the sewage from Swindon, Oxford, Reading and Windsor. However, untreated sewage still regularly enters the Thames during wet weather. When London's sewerage system was built, sewers were designed to overflow through discharge points along the river during heavy storms. Originally, this would happen once or twice a year, however overflows now happen once a week on average. In 2013, over 55m tonnes of raw sewage was washed into the tidal Thames. These discharge events kill fish, leave raw", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 35 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1304205", "chunk_text": "\"River Thames\"\nshipping coming in and out of London, in 1732 it received the world's first lightship. This became a major landmark, and was used as an assembly point for shipping. Today it is marked by Sea Reach No. 1 Buoy. The River Thames contains over 80 islands ranging from the large estuarial marshlands of the Isle of Sheppey and Canvey Island to small tree-covered islets like Rose Isle in Oxfordshire and Headpile Eyot in Berkshire. They are found all the way from the Isle of Sheppey in Kent to Fiddler's Island in Oxfordshire. Some of the largest inland islands, for example", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 36 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6937680", "chunk_text": "\"River Thames\"\nthe stretch of river from Chiswick to Putney. Two rowing events on the River Thames are traditionally part of the wider English sporting calendar: The University Boat Race (between Oxford and Cambridge) takes place in late March or early April, on the Championship Course from Putney to Mortlake in the west of London. Henley Royal Regatta takes place over five days at the start of July in the upstream town of Henley-on-Thames. Besides its sporting significance the regatta is an important date on the English social calendar alongside events like Royal Ascot and Wimbledon. Other significant or historic rowing events", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 37 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1304246", "chunk_text": "\"River Thames\"\nThe Environment Agency has patrol boats (named after tributaries of the Thames) and can enforce the limit strictly since river traffic usually has to pass through a lock at some stage. A speed limit of applies. There are pairs of transit markers at various points along the non-tidal river that can be used to check speed – a boat travelling legally taking a minute or more to pass between the two markers. The tidal river is navigable to large ocean-going ships as far upstream as the Pool of London and London Bridge. Although London's upstream enclosed docks have closed and", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 38 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3837809", "chunk_text": "\"Thames Estuary\"\nthe coast there are some larger settlements, such as Clacton-on-Sea to the north in Essex, Herne Bay, Kent, and the Southend-on-Sea area within the narrower part of the estuary The River Thames flowing through London is a classic river estuary, with sedimentary deposition restricted through manmade embankments. The district of Teddington a few miles south-west of London's centre marks the boundary between the tidal and non-tidal parts of the Thames, although it is still considered a freshwater river about as far east as Battersea insofar as the average salinity is very low and the fish fauna consists predominantly of freshwater", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 39 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6212908", "chunk_text": "\"Ancestral Thames\"\nAncestral Thames The Ancestral Thames is the name given to the geologically ancient precursor to the present day River Thames. During the Early and Middle Pleistocene, central and southern Britain had two main rivers of more than : the Bytham and the Ancestral Thames. For most of the Early Pleistocene the Ancestral Thames was the main river with, at its maximum extent, a catchment area that extended into Wales alongside the Chiltern Hills, through southern East Anglia and finally into lowlands in what is now the North Sea, where it joined the ancestral Rhine. In the early Ice Age the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 40 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1304266", "chunk_text": "\"River Thames\"\nto the strong current of the river, but also other river users. Organised swimming events take place at various points generally upstream of Hampton Court, including Windsor, Marlow and Henley. In 2011 comedian David Walliams swam the from Lechlade to Westminster Bridge and raised over £1 million for charity. In non-tidal stretches swimming was, and still is, a leisure and fitness activity among experienced swimmers where safe, deeper outer channels are used in times of low stream. A Thames meander is a long-distance journey over all or part of the Thames by running, swimming or using any of the above", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 41 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4234265", "chunk_text": "\"River Thames\"\non the River Thames at Teddington (Teddington lifeboat station), Chiswick (Chiswick lifeboat station), Victoria Embankment/Waterloo Bridge (Tower Lifeboat Station) and Gravesend (Gravesend lifeboat station). The Thames is maintained for navigation by powered craft from the estuary as far as Lechlade in Gloucestershire and for very small craft to Cricklade. The original towpath extends upstream as far as the connection with the now disused Thames and Severn Canal at Inglesham, one and a half miles upstream of the last boat lock near Lechlade. From Teddington Lock to the head of navigation, the navigation authority is the Environment Agency. Between the sea", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 42 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8872177", "chunk_text": "\"Thames Path\"\nreach above each lock includes the route of the Thames Path going upstream. Locks are listed under Locks on the River Thames. Thames Path The Thames Path is a National Trail following the River Thames from its source near Kemble in Gloucestershire to the Thames Barrier at Charlton, south east London. It is about long. A path was first proposed in 1948 but it only opened in 1996. The Thames Path's entire length can be walked, and a few parts can be cycled. Some parts of the Thames Path, particularly west of Oxford, are subject to flooding during the winter.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 43 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6937630", "chunk_text": "\"River Thames\"\nthe ice age and at one time was under the Proto-Thames. Also created at this time were the vast underground reserves of water that make the water table higher than average in the Vale of Aylesbury. The last advance from that Scandinavian ice flow to have reached this far south covered much of north west Middlesex and finally forced the Proto-Thames to take roughly its present course. At the height of the last ice age, around 20,000 BC, Britain was connected to mainland Europe by a large expanse of land known as Doggerland in the southern North Sea basin. At", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 44 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16216655", "chunk_text": "\"River Thames\"\nmuch of it stored in large bank-side reservoirs. The Thames itself provides two-thirds of London's drinking water while groundwater supplies about 40 per cent of public water supplies in the total catchment area. Groundwater is an important water source, especially in the drier months, so maintaining its quality and quantity is extremely important. Groundwater is vulnerable to surface pollution, especially in highly urbanised areas. Brooks, canals and rivers, within an area of , combine to form 38 main tributaries feeding the Thames between its source and Teddington Lock. This is the usual tidal limit; however, high spring tides can raise", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 45 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1304207", "chunk_text": "\"River Thames\"\nCarta Island at Runnymede, Fry's Island at Reading, and Pharaoh's Island near Shepperton. In more recent times Platts Eyot at Hampton was the place where Motor Torpedo Boats (MTB)s were built, Tagg's Island near Molesey was associated with the impresario Fred Karno and Eel Pie Island at Twickenham was the birthplace of the South East's R&B music scene. Westminster Abbey and the Palace of Westminster (commonly known today as the Houses of Parliament) were built on Thorney Island, which used to be an eyot. The River Thames can first be identified as a discrete drainage line as early as 58", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 46 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4234240", "chunk_text": "\"River Thames\"\nit was built on after the Industrial Revolution. Use of the term \"\"East End\"\" in a pejorative sense began in the late 19th century, Canvey Island in southern Essex (area ; population 37,479) was once marshy, but is now a fully reclaimed island in the Thames estuary. It is separated from the mainland of south Essex by a network of creeks. Lying below sea level it is prone to flooding at exceptional tides, but has nevertheless been inhabited since Roman times. Various species of birds feed off the river or nest on it, some being found both at sea and", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 47 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1304204", "chunk_text": "\"River Thames\"\nis managed by the Port of London Authority. The flood threat here comes from high tides and strong winds from the North Sea, and the Thames Barrier was built in the 1980s to protect London from this risk. The Nore is the sandbank that marks the mouth of the Thames Estuary, where the outflow from Thames meets the North Sea. It is roughly halfway between Havengore Creek in Essex and Warden Point on the Isle of Sheppey in Kent. Until 1964 it marked the seaward limit of the Port of London Authority. As the sandbank was a major hazard for", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 48 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15908449", "chunk_text": "\"Ancestral Thames\"\nin south Essex, principally the Langdon Hills, Warley and High Beach in Epping Forest. Ancestral Thames The Ancestral Thames is the name given to the geologically ancient precursor to the present day River Thames. During the Early and Middle Pleistocene, central and southern Britain had two main rivers of more than : the Bytham and the Ancestral Thames. For most of the Early Pleistocene the Ancestral Thames was the main river with, at its maximum extent, a catchment area that extended into Wales alongside the Chiltern Hills, through southern East Anglia and finally into lowlands in what is now the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 49 } ]
test_3481	how many wing stops are there in the united states?	n/a	[ "1,000", "more than 1,000" ]	[]	n/a	n/a	n/a	[]	[ { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19871885", "chunk_text": "\"Wing (military aviation unit)\"\nthree basic types of wings: operational, air base, and specialized mission. According to Air Force Instruction 38-101 (1994): In the Civil Air Patrol, there are 52 wings (each of the 50 states plus Washington, D.C. and Puerto Rico). Each wing supervises the individual groups and squadrons in that state, district or commonwealth, which are the basic operational units of the organization. Some wings, for example Delaware Wing, have only one group due to the small geographical and manpower size of the wing. The United States Navy follows the British structure in that a Wing is an administrative formation commanding two", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 0 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20820160", "chunk_text": "\"Air transportation in the United States\"\nno single flag carrier and passenger airlines in the United States have always been privately owned. The U.S. has three major international carriers (Delta Air Lines, American Airlines, and United Airlines) and an additional nine large carriers that operate mainly domestic flights but have some international destinations (Alaska Airlines, Allegiant Air, Frontier Airlines, Hawaiian Airlines, JetBlue, Southwest Airlines, Spirit Airlines, Sun Country Airlines and Virgin America). At the end of 2014, the three international carriers plus Southwest controlled more than 80% of all passenger travel in the U.S. market. There is currently no government regulation of ticket pricing, although the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 1 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20820140", "chunk_text": "\"Air transportation in the United States\"\nAir transportation in the United States The United States has an extensive air transportation network. In 2013, there were 86 airports in the U.S. that annually handled over 1,000,000 passengers and twelve of the world's thirty busiest airports by passenger volume in 2014 were in the U.S. (down from 17 in 2004), including the world's busiest, Hartsfield-Jackson Atlanta International Airport. In 2012, 88% of all traffic was through the 62 busiest airports in the country. In terms of cargo, in 2015, eight of the world's thirty busiest airports were in the U.S., including the world's second busiest, Memphis International Airport.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 2 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9680413", "chunk_text": "\"Wings Across America 2008\"\ncome to fruition. In only 5 weeks from inception, 230 pilots had joined, representing all 48 continental United States. This type of project had been attempted before. What sets this project apart from all the others ever attempted or completed was that the pilots hand delivered the plane from pilot to pilot; the plane was never shipped by mail to its next destination. In this way a \"\"chain\"\" was created of pilots that personally flew the model, then handed it off to the next pilot, all across the continental United States. In the end, the model airplane flew in all", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 3 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10107103", "chunk_text": "\"Air route authority between the United States and China\"\ncountries and the strict limits on number of flights, the application process is competitive. US airlines have sought to gain support from local politicians and the general public to influence the US government into awarding routes. In 2006, there were 10 non-stop flights between the two countries 2 million passenger trips per year. As of 2013, there were 28 non-stop routes (not including Hong Kong, Macau and Taiwan), operated by three major US carriers, United, American and Delta, and four Chinese carriers, Air China, China Eastern, China Southern and Hainan Airlines. As of 2018, there are 61 non-stop routes (not", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 4 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1573531", "chunk_text": "\"Air transportation in the United States\"\nto decrease congestion and thereby delays on the busy San Francisco Bay Area - Metro Los Angeles air corridor. Air transportation in the United States The United States has an extensive air transportation network. In 2013, there were 86 airports in the U.S. that annually handled over 1,000,000 passengers and twelve of the world's thirty busiest airports by passenger volume in 2014 were in the U.S. (down from 17 in 2004), including the world's busiest, Hartsfield-Jackson Atlanta International Airport. In 2012, 88% of all traffic was through the 62 busiest airports in the country. In terms of cargo, in 2015,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 5 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16860510", "chunk_text": "\"Pilot Flying J\"\nCenters. At its inception, the number of stops was around 60; however, that was to be short-lived. In the next few years, Pilot Travel Centers experienced significant growth. Marathon converted many Speedway truck stops, wholly owned by Marathon, over to the Pilot Travel Center moniker starting in mid-2002. Midway through 2003, another major expansion occurred with the purchase of the Williams Truck Stop chain. The Marathon-Pilot joint venture successfully increased the Pilot Travel Center name recognition throughout the United States, as the number of stops more than quadrupled. In 2008, Pilot bought out Marathon's interest in the business and entered", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 6 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "255324", "chunk_text": "\"Transportation in the United States\"\nto improve air quality and public health. The United States has advanced air transportation infrastructure which utilizes approximately 5,000 paved runways. In terms of passengers, seventeen of the world's thirty busiest airports in 2004 were in the United States, including the world's busiest, Hartsfield-Jackson Atlanta International Airport. In terms of cargo, in the same year, twelve of the world's thirty busiest airports were in the United States, including the world's busiest, Memphis International Airport. Private aircraft are also used for medical emergencies, government agencies, large businesses, and individuals, see general aviation. There is no single national flag airline; passenger airlines", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 7 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1573529", "chunk_text": "\"Air transportation in the United States\"\nof up to $41 billion. An average of 40% of passenger aircraft delays in the U.S. originated in the New York metropolitan area, some in the area and others due to cascading effects. One-third of aircraft in the national airspace system move through the New York area at some point during a typical day. To deal with delays, takeoff and landing scheduling caps have been imposed on certain urban airports at various times since 1968, including Washington Reagan National, Chicago O'Hare, and the three New York airports. Other short-term measures have been taken, including minor procedural changes, use of military", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 8 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12155623", "chunk_text": "\"Transportation in the United States\"\nin the United States have always been privately owned. There are over 200 domestic passenger and cargo airlines and a number of international carriers. The major international carriers of the United States are Delta Air Lines, American Airlines, and United Airlines. Low-cost carrier Southwest Airlines operates few international routes, but has grown its domestic operations to a size comparable to the major international carriers. There is currently no government regulation of ticket pricing, although the federal government retains jurisdiction over aircraft safety, pilot training, and accident investigations (through the Federal Aviation Administration and the National Transportation Safety Board). The Transportation", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 9 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19422770", "chunk_text": "\"Red Wing station\"\nRed Wing station Red Wing is a train station in Red Wing, Minnesota, United States, served by Amtrak's (the National Railroad Passenger Corporation) \"\"Empire Builder\"\", which runs daily between Chicago, Illinois and Seattle, Washington or Portland, Oregon. The next westbound stop is in Saint Paul, Minnesota and the next eastbound stop is in Winona, Minnesota. The station is located at 420 Levee Street on the bank of the Mississippi River, south of the Levee Park and just across the river from Wisconsin. (Although the river lies northwest of the station, the depot is located on the west bank of the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 10 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12281684", "chunk_text": "\"Salina Regional Airport\"\n(1,311 x 23 m); 4/22 is 3,648 by 75 feet (1,112 x 23 m). In the year ending January 30, 2014 the airport had 91,101 aircraft operations from general aviation, air taxi, military, and scheduled commercial. Possessed of such a long runway and located approximately 85 miles southeast from the continental center of the United States, many corporate and private jets stop at this airport to refuel and allow passengers to have a break, earning Salina the moniker \"\"America's Fuel Stop.\"\" A report from the 40th Bombardment Wing in 1953 described the problem. \"\"One of the foremost and the first", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 11 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16860513", "chunk_text": "\"Pilot Flying J\"\nCommission, Pilot sold 20 Pilot Travel Centers locations and six Flying J locations to Love's Travel Stops & Country Stores on June 30, 2010. The merger left the combined company with over 550 locations in 44 U.S. states and six Canadian provinces. In 2011, Pilot Flying J began a partnership with Truckers Against Trafficking. On June 23, 2016, Pilot Flying J and Speedway announced a new joint venture between the two companies that will see 41 Speedway locations (all former Wilco Hess locations) and 79 Pilot Flying J locations primarily in the Southeastern United States form PFJ Southeast LLC. The", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 12 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14005133", "chunk_text": "\"Direct flight\"\nDirect flight A direct flight in the aviation industry is any flight between two points by an airline with no change in flight numbers, which includes one or more stops at an intermediate point(s). A stop may either be to get new passengers (or allow some to disembark) or a technical stop over (\"\"i.e.\"\", for refuelling). Direct flights are often confused with non-stop flights, which are flights involving no intermediate stops. When there is a change in flight number, the subsequent flight is referred to as a connecting flight. The term \"\"direct flight\"\" is not legally defined in the United", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 13 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16371149", "chunk_text": "\"TravelCenters of America\"\nTravelCenters of America TravelCenters of America LLC is the largest publicly traded full-service travel center company in the United States. The company operates full service centers, convenience stores, and restaurants under the TravelCenters of America, TA, Petro, Petro Stopping Centers, Minit Mart, and Quaker Steak & Lube brands. TravelCenters of America is headquartered in Westlake, Ohio, operates in 43 U.S. states, and employs more than 20,000 people, as of 2018. TravelCenters of America (TA) is the largest operator of truck stops and travel centers in the United States, with approximately 250 full service locations along the Interstate Highway System in", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 14 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9569497", "chunk_text": "Overselling\npractice is that it improves on-time flight departures, since gate attendants are not burdened with negotiating with passengers that are considering being bumped from the flight. Among the three major U.S. carriers, Delta had the highest rate of \"\"total\"\" bumped passengers (96 per 100,000 passengers vs. 95 on United Airlines and 50 on American Airlines), but the lowest rate of \"\"involuntarily\"\" bumped passengers (3 per 100,000 vs. 5 on American and 11 on United). In early April 2017, severe weather on the East Coast of the United States caused many flight cancellations, with Delta having more 3,200 cancellations in a", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 15 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14033974", "chunk_text": "\"Wingz (company)\"\n2014, Wingz has served airports and cities throughout the U.S. Currently, Wingz operates at the following airports: Austin Dallas Houston Los Angeles Miami Orlando Phoenix Portland Sacramento San Antonio San Diego Seattle SF Bay Area Tampa Wingz (company) Wingz (originally known as Tickengo) is a peer-to-peer transportation network company that provides private, scheduled, and fixed-price rides in 30 major cities across the United States. The service used to be specifically focused on rides to and from airports but has recently expanded into a personal car service intended for rides anywhere within participating cities. Wingz offers the ability to request specific", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 16 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17826291", "chunk_text": "\"916th Air Refueling Wing\"\nsites. The concept offered several advantages. Communities were more likely to accept the smaller squadrons than the large wings and the location of separate squadrons in smaller population centers would facilitate recruiting and manning. Continental Air Command (ConAC)'s plan called for placing Air Force Reserve units at fifty-nine installations located throughout the United States. When these relocations were completed in 1959, reserve wing headquarters and wing support elements would typically be on one base, along with one (or in some cases two) of the wing's flying squadrons, while the remaining flying squadrons were spread over thirty-five Air Force, Navy and", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 17 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4375686", "chunk_text": "\"Wings Financial Credit Union\"\nand every government agency that touches the air transportation industry. Wings operates 24 branch offices around the country including branches in Atlanta, Orlando, Detroit, Minneapolis/St. Paul, and Seattle. Wings Financial also offers an ATM network of over 60,000 surcharge-free ATMs coast to coast. The credit union offers online services including membership applications, loan applications, account information and remote deposit. Wings Financial is the largest credit union based in Minnesota and is among the country's 40 largest credit unions with over $4.5 billion in assets. Wings Financial was founded in 1938 as the Northwest Airlines Employees Credit Union by a group", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 18 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19147131", "chunk_text": "\"Air Traffic Organization\"\nwhile maximizing the overall use of the NAS. Decisions are carried out in cooperation with airline personnel, traffic management specialists and controllers at affected facilities. Air Route Traffic Control Centers (ARTCCs) The airspace over the U.S. is divided into 21 large areas (20 are in the contiguous U.S. plus Alaska). These centers are designated with a three-letter identifier starting with the letter Z, such as ZSE and ZDC for Seattle and Washington. Center controllers monitor aircraft in the en route phase of its flight. They receive traffic from TRACONs and hand off traffic to TRACONs Terminal Radar Approach Control Facilities", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 19 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16883413", "chunk_text": "\"Southwest Airlines Flight 812\"\nwithin 5 days. The AD also requires periodic inspections of the same joints at every 500 cycles for aircraft with over 30,000 cycles. The AD refers to a range of airframes, line numbers 2553–3132 inclusive, totaling 580 aircraft. Of the total of 580 aircraft, only 175 aircraft currently meet the 30,000 cycle requirement, with 80 of those operating in the United States. The FAA AD is effective to only the portion of those that are registered in the United States, since the FAA can only mandate such changes in the United States. Countries with reciprocity airworthiness agreements will also follow", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 20 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18018544", "chunk_text": "\"Transcontinental flight\"\nplane after each crash landing. The trip required 70 stops. On December 10, 1911, he flew to Long Beach, California, and symbolically taxied his plane into the Pacific Ocean. In-flight and on-ground time are counted after the earliest flights For the junior record only in-flight time is counted at a certain speed For the women's record, only in-flight time is counted Transcontinental flight A transcontinental flight commonly refers to a non-stop passenger flight between an airport in the West Coast of the United States and an airport in the East Coast of the United States. The first transcontinental flight across", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 21 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7571197", "chunk_text": "\"Civil Air Patrol\"\nRegions. The CAP units in each of the fifty states, and Puerto Rico and the District of Columbia, are coordinated by the CAP wing for that state; each wing has a commander who is a CAP colonel and the sole corporate officer for each state. Each wing commander oversees a wing headquarters staff made up of experienced volunteer members. Larger wings may have an optional subordinate echelon of groups, at the discretion of the wing commander. Each Group encompasses at least five squadrons or flights. Local units are called squadrons. A squadron is broken into flights. Squadrons are the main", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 22 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14857048", "chunk_text": "\"Wings Airways\"\nBBX and PHL with up to 22 round trip flights on weekdays. However, the airline then shutdown during the early 1990s due to the construction of Interstate 476 and other highways and freeways in the greater Philadelphia area, which made it easier for those living in the suburbs to access Philadelphia International Airport. According to a publication by 2004 newsletter from Wings Field, there were 152 operations a day at Wings Field (55,540 for the year) during the airline's peak in 1990. All three of the above aircraft types featured short takeoff and landing (STOL) performance. Wings Airways was one", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 23 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3717575", "chunk_text": "\"United States\"\ntotal U.S. work trips. Transport of goods by rail is extensive, though relatively low numbers of passengers (approximately 31 million annually) use intercity rail to travel, partly because of the low population density throughout much of the U.S. interior. However, ridership on Amtrak, the national intercity passenger rail system, grew by almost 37% between 2000 and 2010. Also, light rail development has increased in recent years. Bicycle usage for work commutes is minimal. The civil airline industry is entirely privately owned and has been largely deregulated since 1978, while most major airports are publicly owned. The three largest airlines in", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 24 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19422773", "chunk_text": "\"Red Wing station\"\nof the 1893 Chicago Columbian Exposition.\"\" The building a contributing property to the Red Wing Mall Historic District, which is on the National Register of Historic Places. Red Wing station Red Wing is a train station in Red Wing, Minnesota, United States, served by Amtrak's (the National Railroad Passenger Corporation) \"\"Empire Builder\"\", which runs daily between Chicago, Illinois and Seattle, Washington or Portland, Oregon. The next westbound stop is in Saint Paul, Minnesota and the next eastbound stop is in Winona, Minnesota. The station is located at 420 Levee Street on the bank of the Mississippi River, south of the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 25 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16327160", "chunk_text": "\"Ker's WingHouse Bar & Grill\"\nattended, and the company participated in, the 2007 National Buffalo Wing Festival and placed first in the \"\"traditional x-hot sauce\"\" category and gained some national recognition. On June 4, 2008 the company announced the launch of its national franchise program. In mid-2008 the chain operated 19 locations in Florida and Texas and expected to add six franchises by the end of 2008, and 48 by 2011. The initial focus was for franchises in the Southeastern US. WingHouses feature several amenities that differ from other wing restaurants, including Hooters. There is a full liquor bar in every store, sports memorabilia line", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 26 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7571196", "chunk_text": "\"Civil Air Patrol\"\nover 100 and is led by the CAP Executive Director (analogous to a corporate chief operating officer), who reports to the board of governors. The national headquarters staff provides program management for the organization and membership support for the 1,700+ volunteer field units across the country. Below the national headquarters level there are eight geographic regions and a handful of overseas squadrons at various military installations worldwide. Each region, commanded by a CAP colonel, encompasses several statewide organizations referred to as wings. The eight regions are the Northeast, Middle East, Southeast, Great Lakes, Southwest, North Central, Rocky Mountain, and Pacific", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 27 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9565231", "chunk_text": "\"Next Generation Air Transportation System\"\nthe November 2015 update to FAA Order 7110.65, Air Traffic Control. The new procedures reduce lateral separation requirements to as close as 3,900 feet for triple independent approaches, and 3,000 feet for offset dual independent approaches without requiring high-update-rate radar or Automatic Dependent Surveillance–Broadcast. For dual dependent approaches, the runway spacing requirement remains 2,500 feet, but the diagonal spacing is reduced from 1.5 nautical mile (nm) to 1 nm. FAA Order 7110.308C identifies specific airports — Boston, Cleveland, Memphis, Newark, Philadelphia, Seattle, San Francisco, and St. Louis — with runways spaced less than 2,500 feet apart that can reduce staggered", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 28 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17006024", "chunk_text": "\"Essential Air Service\"\ncommunity within the 48 contiguous states may receive a subsidy greater than $200 per passenger unless the community is more than from the nearest large or medium hub airport. Pursuant to the FAA Modernization and Reform Act of 2012, to be eligible for the program, a community in the contiguous 48 states must either maintain an average of 10 or more enplanements per service day or be located more than from the nearest large or medium hub airport. The criteria for 10 or more enplanements can be waived by the Secretary of Transportation, on an annual basis, if a community", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 29 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4215602", "chunk_text": "\"Greyhound Lines\"\nthe Greyhound fleet consists of the following models: \"\"(This list covers stations within or adjacent to larger transportation centers.)\"\" Greyhound serves over 2,700 destinations across America. There are 230 Greyhound operated stations in most major cities, where passengers can catch a bus and buy tickets. All stations have Greyhound branding and are staffed by company representatives. Some stations stand alone, while others are a part of larger transportation centers with a Greyhound ticket counter and waiting area. In small to mid-size cities Greyhound buses stop at either locations operated by an agent (like a convenience store or another business) or", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 30 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15370772", "chunk_text": "\"Alabama Wing Civil Air Patrol\"\nAlabama Wing Civil Air Patrol The Alabama Wing Civil Air Patrol (ALWG) is one of 52 wings (50 states, Puerto Rico, and Washington, D.C.) in the Civil Air Patrol (the official United States Air Force Auxiliary). The Civil Air Patrol has three missions: providing emergency services; offering cadet programs for youth; and providing aerospace education for both CAP members and the general public. The CAP actively provides emergency services, includes search and rescue and disaster relief operations, as well as assisting in the providing of humanitarian aid. Members of the Alabama Wing have practiced their ability to find downed planes", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 31 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2517701", "chunk_text": "\"Michigan Wing Civil Air Patrol\"\nin both a Cessna and a glider. As of 2012, the Michigan Wing has 10 Single-Engine planes and 1 glider. They have 16 Vehicles, mainly 9-10 seat vans split between the squadrons. They have 13 VHF/FM Repeaters and 175 VHF/FM stations, with 27 HF stations. Under the Civil Air Patrol Employment Protection Act, employers in the state of Michigan are required by law to grant a leave of absence to their employees who are members of the Civil Air Patrol, when those employees are deployed to an emergency mission. An employer may not discriminate against, discipline, or discharge an employee", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 32 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7984998", "chunk_text": "Layover\nconsidered to be a layover or connection up to a certain maximum allowed connecting time, while a so-called stopover is a substantially longer break in the flight itinerary. The maximum time depends on many variables, but for most U.S. and Canadian itineraries, it is 4 hours, and for most international itineraries (including any domestic stops), it is 24 hours. In general, layovers are cheaper than stopovers, because notionally layovers are incidental to traveling between two other points, whereas stopovers are among the traveler's destinations. Layover In scheduled transportation, a layover (also way station, or connection) is a point where a", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 33 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15237420", "chunk_text": "FlyersRights.org\ncommittee to help develop benchmarks. Tens of thousands signed their names to the petition. In February 2016, Congressman Steve Cohen, (D-TN), introduced an amendment to a FAA funding bill called the Seat Egress in Air Travel which mandated a certain amount of legroom to passengers for safety, health and comfort. It was defeated in the House Transportation Committee. Two weeks later Senator Charles Schumer (D-NY) also added an amendment to the FAA Reauthorization Bill requiring the agency to set the seat-size guidelines. In April 2016, The Senate voted down the amendment on a 54-to-42 vote, with most Democrats supporting the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 34 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5697445", "chunk_text": "\"Airport/Facility Directory\"\nAirport/Facility Directory The Airport/Facility Directory (abbreviated A/FD), now identified as Chart Supplement in the U.S., is a pilot’s manual that provides comprehensive information on airports, large and small, and other aviation facilities and procedures. The directory is published in seven volumes that cover the continental United States, Puerto Rico, and the U.S. Virgin Islands. Each volume is updated every 56 days by the United States Department of Transportation (DOT) with information from the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) and the National Aviation Charting Office (NACO). Information is provided on public-use and joint-use airports, heliports, and seaplane bases. The directory includes data", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 35 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20002459", "chunk_text": "\"Flight cancellation and delay\"\nlarge level and other types of delays could eventually be avoided by optimizing organization in airports or establishing a delay prevention schedule. Weather delays are rather rare and are not primary reasons for flights to be delayed. This section illustrates performances of Airlines and Airports in being on time in 2015, the focus is on the USA's ten biggest airports, namely; Atlanta, Chicago, Dallas, Denver, New York (JFK), Los Angeles, San Francisco, Las Vegas, Seattle and Charlotte. Delays are divided into three categories, namely \"\"on time or small delay\"\" (up to 15 minutes delay), \"\"Medium delay\"\" (15 - 45 minutes", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 36 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20164768", "chunk_text": "\"Air transportation in the United States\"\nat Houston, Newark Liberty, Chicago-O'Hare, Denver and San Francisco; Delta Air Lines at Atlanta, Cincinnati, Detroit, Minneapolis, and Seattle; and American Airlines at Charlotte, Chicago-O'Hare, Dallas/Fort Worth, Miami, Philadelphia and Phoenix. Air cargo comprises a large number of daily flights in the United States and are operated by private parcel companies such as FedEx and United Parcel Service. These organizations operate some of the largest fleets in the world. Most air cargo moved by these organizations is time sensitive overnight and 2nd day parcels. The U.S. Postal Service also moves much of its letters and time sensitive parcels via air,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 37 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10923448", "chunk_text": "\"Essential Air Service\"\nThe majority of EAS airplanes have fewer than 20 seats, and flights typically are less than half full. However, the program is politically popular in the cities receiving the subsidized flights, many of which use an airport with scheduled service as a selling point to attract industry to their regions. Several subsidized airports are within an hour's drive from an unsubsidized airport. The following tables list all Essential Air Service communities under the various funding programs. This is based on the most recent reports issued by the U.S. Department of Transportation (DOT), and updated to reflect changes based on DOT", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 38 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10126830", "chunk_text": "\"Area control center\"\nof the countries in which they are located. The general operations of centers worldwide, and the boundaries of the airspace each center controls, are governed by the ICAO. In some cases, the function of an Area Control Center and a terminal control center are combined in a single facility. For example, NATS combines the London Terminal Control Centre (LTCC) and London Area Control Centre (LACC) in Swanwick in the UK. The United States Federal Aviation Administration defines an ARTCC as: An ARTCC is the U.S. equivalent of an Area Control Centre (ACC). There are twenty-two ARTCCs, located in nineteen states.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 39 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18209680", "chunk_text": "\"US Airways\"\nAirbus A321 under registration N578UW, has been left unpainted in the US Airways livery, as one of American's heritage aircraft. The only difference is that the actual US Airways logo near the front of the fuselage has been replaced with the American Airlines logo; however, the rest of the aircraft remains identical to US Airways livery. US Airways operated 3,031 flights a day to 193 destinations in 24 countries from its hubs in Phoenix, Charlotte, and Philadelphia. US Airways' routes were concentrated along the East Coast of the United States, Southwestern United States and the Caribbean, with a number of", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 40 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12854362", "chunk_text": "\"National Scenic Byway\"\nelsewhere in the United States and are unique and important enough to be tourist destinations unto themselves. As of November 2010, there are 120 National Scenic Byways and 31 All-American Roads, located in 46 states (all except Hawaii, Nebraska, Rhode Island, and Texas). The NSBP was established under the Intermodal Surface Transportation Efficiency Act of 1991, which provided $74.3 million in discretionary grants. On May 18, 1995, FHWA specified the intrinsic qualities that would serve as criteria for designating road as National Scenic Byways or All-American Roads. In September U.S. Transportation Secretary Federico Peña announced the first 14 National Scenic", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 41 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16784126", "chunk_text": "\"914th Air Refueling Wing\"\nof air refueling of combat and mobility aircraft. During the first half of 1955, the Air Force began detaching Air Force Reserve squadrons from their parent wing locations to separate sites. The concept offered several advantages. Communities were more likely to accept the smaller squadrons than the large wings and the location of separate squadrons in smaller population centers would facilitate recruiting and manning. Continental Air Command (ConAC)'s plan called for placing Air Force Reserve units at fifty-nine installations located throughout the United States. When these relocations were completed in 1959, reserve wing headquarters and wing support elements would typically", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 42 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1095305", "chunk_text": "\"Train station\"\nbefore the First World War (145 built) and 1928–39 (198 built)). Ten more were opened by BR on ex-GWR lines. The GWR also built 34 \"\"platforms\"\". In many Commonwealth countries the term \"\"halt\"\" is still used. In the United States such stations are traditionally referred to as flag stops. In Germany, the term is \"\"Haltepunkt\"\" (\"\"Hp\"\"). In the Republic of Ireland, a few small railway stations are designated as \"\"halts\"\" (, sing. \"\"stad\"\"). In Victoria, Australia, a rail motor stopping place (RMSP) is a location on a railway line where a small passenger vehicle or railmotor can stop to allow", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 43 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16792881", "chunk_text": "\"The Fly Stop\"\nincluding Wounded Warriors, Coast Keepers, Trout Unlimited, Pheasants Forever, National Wild Turkey Federation, Walk For a Cure, Ruffed Grouse Society, Surfrider Foundation, Casting for Recovery, Stop Pebble Mine, Save Bristol Bay and several educational institutions and youth programs. The company services customers in over 150 countries, the American Armed Forces Abroad, and all 50 States and 16 territories. They disperse over 200 parcels daily through a newly expanded shipping and receiving center. The Fly Stop TheFlyStop is a retail fly shop and e-commerce business specializing in fly fishing, hunting and sporting goods. Founded in Pennsylvania in 2006, it is the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 44 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7680575", "chunk_text": "\"Flight plan\"\nwhen two or more airports are in proximity (e.g., San Francisco and San Jose). In general, flight planners are expected to avoid areas called Special Use Airspace (SUA) when planning a flight. In the United States, there are several types of SUA, including Restricted, Warning, Prohibited, Alert, and Military Operations Area (MOA). Examples of Special Use Airspace include a region around the White House in Washington, D.C., and the country of Cuba. Government and military aircraft may have different requirements for particular SUA areas, or may be able to acquire special clearances to traverse through these areas. Flight levels (FL)", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 45 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7097767", "chunk_text": "\"Southwest Airlines\"\n1975, to cities throughout Texas, and in 1979 Southwest began flying to neighboring states. Service to the East and the Southeast started in the 1990s. , Southwest Airlines has scheduled flights to 99 destinations in 40 states, Puerto Rico, Mexico, Central America and the Caribbean. It operates crew bases at the following airports: Atlanta, Baltimore, Chicago–Midway, Dallas–Love, Denver, Houston–Hobby, Las Vegas, Los Angeles, Oakland, Orlando, and Phoenix–Sky Harbor. Southwest does not use the \"\"hub and spoke\"\" system of other major airlines, preferring the \"\"point-to-point\"\" system, combined with a \"\"rolling hub\"\" model in its larger cities. Southwest does not currently partner", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 46 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9282969", "chunk_text": "\"Union Station (Los Angeles)\"\nthe United States. The structure combines Art Deco, Mission Revival, and Streamline Moderne style. It was placed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1980. Today, the station is a major transportation hub for Southern California, serving almost 110,000 passengers a day. It is Amtrak's fifth-busiest station, and by far the busiest in the Western United States and the tenth-busiest in the entire country. Four of Amtrak's long-distance trains originate and terminate here: the \"\"Coast Starlight\"\" to Seattle, the \"\"Southwest Chief\"\" and \"\"Texas Eagle\"\" to Chicago, and the \"\"Sunset Limited\"\" to New Orleans. The state-supported Amtrak California \"\"Pacific Surfliner\"\"", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 47 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4089825", "chunk_text": "\"Flyover country\"\nlocated in the geographic center of the country, the states with the most planes flying over without taking off or landing are located on the East Coast, with number one being Virginia, then North Carolina, and Pennsylvania. The circumstances surrounding alleged \"\"flyover country\"\" locations are prone to vary depending on changes related to urban development, business opportunity, and culture. Related descriptions and terms: Flyover country Flyover country, flyover states, and Flyoverland are American phrases describing the parts of the United States between the East and the West Coasts. The terms, which are sometimes used pejoratively, but sometimes used defensively, refer", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 48 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2838742", "chunk_text": "\"Wright Amendment\"\nAviation Administration to begin one-stop flights from Love Field to destinations outside the Wright limits. Even though non-stop flights were restricted until October 16, 2014, Southwest Airlines announced on October 17, 2006 that it would begin direct flight (same plane with one stop) and connecting service between Love Field and 25 destinations outside the Wright zone on October 19, 2006. American Airlines also made indirect connecting travel between Love Field and locations outside the Wright zone available by October 18, 2006. On October 13, 2014, the amendment was repealed, allowing airlines to fly from Love Field to any city in", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 49 } ]
test_3482	who sang theme song for license to kill?	n/a	[ "Gladys Knight" ]	[]	n/a	n/a	n/a	[]	[ { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7849109", "chunk_text": "\"Licence to Kill\"\ntilt onto its side, it was not necessary as Julienne was able to pull off the stunt without the aid of camera trickery. Initially Vic Flick, who had played lead guitar on Monty Norman's original 007 theme, and Eric Clapton were asked to write and perform the theme song to \"\"Licence to Kill\"\" and they produced a theme to match Dalton's gritty performance, but the producers turned it down and instead Gladys Knight's song and performance was chosen. The song (one of the longest to ever be used in a Bond film) was based on the \"\"horn line\"\" from \"\"Goldfinger\"\",", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 0 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7149087", "chunk_text": "\"Licence to Kill (song)\"\nLicence to Kill (song) \"\"Licence to Kill\"\" is a 1989 song by Gladys Knight, written and recorded for the James Bond film \"\"Licence to Kill\"\", also from 1989. It was written by Narada Michael Walden, Jeffrey Cohen and Walter Afanasieff. Release as a single in May 1989, the song became a top-ten hit in the United Kingdom, peaking at number six and becoming Knight's last charting solo single there. The song charted very strongly in Europe, peaking atop the Swedish Singles Chart for eight weeks and reaching the top five in seven other European countries. It also peaked at number", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 1 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9988493", "chunk_text": "\"Licence to Kill (soundtrack)\"\nversion based on the James Bond Theme. The guitar riff heard in the original recording of the theme was played by Flick. The prospect, however, fell apart and Gladys Knight's song and performance was chosen, later becoming a Top 10 hit in the United Kingdom. The song was composed by Narada Michael Walden, Jeffrey Cohen and Walter Afanasieff, based on the \"\"horn line\"\" from \"\"Goldfinger\"\", which required royalty payments to the original writers. At 5 minutes 13 seconds it is the longest Bond theme, though 45 single releases featured a shorter edit, running 4 minutes 11 seconds. The music video", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 2 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7849110", "chunk_text": "\"Licence to Kill\"\nseen as an homage to the film of the same name, which required royalty payments to the original writers. The song gave Knight her first British top-ten hit since 1977. The end credits feature the Top 10 R&B hit \"\"If You Asked Me To\"\", sung by Patti LaBelle. John Barry was not available at the time due to throat surgery, so the soundtrack's score was composed and conducted by Michael Kamen, who was known for scoring many action films at the time, such as \"\"Lethal Weapon\"\" and \"\"Die Hard\"\". Glen said he picked Kamen, feeling he could give \"\"the closest", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 3 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9988492", "chunk_text": "\"Licence to Kill (soundtrack)\"\nLicence to Kill (soundtrack) The soundtrack to Licence to Kill, the 16th James Bond film of the same name, was released by MCA Records in 1989. Because the usual James Bond composer John Barry (who had scored almost every film from \"\"From Russia with Love\"\" onwards) was not available at the time as he was undergoing throat surgery, the soundtrack's more upbeat and suspenseful score was composed and conducted by Michael Kamen. Initially Eric Clapton and Vic Flick were asked to write and perform the theme song to \"\"Licence to Kill\"\". The theme was said to have been a new", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 4 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16180865", "chunk_text": "\"Licence to Kill (soundtrack)\"\nof \"\"Licence to Kill\"\" was directed by Daniel Kleinman, who later took over the reins of title designer from Maurice Binder for the 1995 Bond film, \"\"GoldenEye\"\". All the instrumental tracks are amalgams of various sequences and musical cues from the film rather than straight score excerpts. The end credits of the film feature the song \"\"If You Asked Me To\"\" sung by Patti LaBelle. Though the song was a top ten R&B charter and a minor pop hit for LaBelle, in 1992, the song was covered by and became a much bigger hit for singer Céline Dion. The track", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 5 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5071884", "chunk_text": "\"Licensed to Kill (1965 film)\"\nLicensed to Kill (1965 film) Licensed to Kill is an Eastmancolor 1965 superspy imitation James Bond film starring Tom Adams as British secret agent Charles Vine. It was directed and co-written by Lindsay Shonteff. Producer Joseph E. Levine picked it up for American and worldwide distribution and reedited it under the title The Second Best Secret Agent in the Whole Wide World. The theme song for the American version, composed by Sammy Cahn and Jimmy Van Heusen and performed by Sammy Davis, Jr., is used in the 2011 film drama \"\"Tinker Tailor Soldier Spy\"\". Facing numerous assassination attempts, a Swedish", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 6 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4866605", "chunk_text": "\"James Bond music\"\nWas a Man,\"\" composed by John Barry with Chrissie Hynde. \"\"Licence to Kill\"\" has \"\"If You Asked Me To\"\" sung by Patti Labelle. \"\"GoldenEye\"\" featured Éric Serra's \"\"The Experience of Love\"\". \"\"Tomorrow Never Dies\"\" included k.d. lang's \"\"Surrender\"\" during the closing credits, a song which was originally proposed by composer David Arnold to be the title sequence theme instead of the Sheryl Crow title song. The \"\"Surrender\"\" theme is heard throughout the score while the melody of Sheryl Crow's song is not used again during the film. This hearkens back to the \"\"Thunderball\"\" soundtrack, where \"\"Mr. Kiss Kiss Bang Bang\"\"", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 7 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7149088", "chunk_text": "\"Licence to Kill (song)\"\n79 on Canada's \"\"RPM\"\" Top Singles chart. 7\"\" Single A - \"\"Licence to Kill\"\" - 4:11 B - \"\"Pam\"\" - 3:50 (performed by Michael Kamen & The National Philharmonic Orchestra) 12\"\" Single A - \"\"Licence to Kill\"\" (Extended Version) - 5:13 B1 - \"\"Pam\"\" - 3:50 (performed by Michael Kamen & The National Philharmonic Orchestra) B2 - \"\"Licence to Kill\"\" - 4:11 In 2017, musician and producer Fernando Perdomo collaborated with former Pink Floyd backing vocalist and Blue Pearl lead singer, Durga McBroom, recording the song for the multi-artist compilation album, \"\"Songs, Bond Songs: The Music Of 007\"\". Licence to", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 8 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5071886", "chunk_text": "\"Licensed to Kill (1965 film)\"\nhad great financial success after cheaply purchasing an Italian film called \"\"Hercules\"\" and releasing it in America with a massive publicity campaign, and decided to do the same with \"\"Licensed to Kill\"\". However, the American release reedited the film by having the opening assassination performed by a Mum pulling a Sten gun out of her pram of twins changing to a pre-credit scene. Levine engaged songwriters Sammy Cahn and Jimmy Van Heusen to write a title song performed by Sammy Davis Jr and arranged and conducted by Claus Ogerman over the credits with the new title. The American release then", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 9 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4076302", "chunk_text": "\"Gladys Knight\"\nAwards and is an inductee into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame along with The Pips. She also recorded the theme song for the 1989 James Bond film \"\"Licence To Kill\"\". Knight is also listed as one of \"\"Rolling Stone\"\" magazine's 100 Greatest Singers of All Time. Knight was born in Atlanta, Georgia, the daughter of Merald Woodlow Knight Sr., a postal worker, and Sarah Elizabeth (née Woods). She has a sister, Brenda, one living brother, Merald Jr. and one deceased brother, David. She first achieved minor fame by winning Ted Mack's \"\"The Original Amateur Hour\"\" TV show contest", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 10 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2657017", "chunk_text": "\"Tim Feehan\"\n(\"\"Never\"\" Heart), and Marc Jordan (\"\"Rhythm of My Heart\"\" Rod Stewart). Musicians included \"\"American Idol\"\" judge Randy Jackson of Journey, Steve Lukather (Toto), Timothy B. Schmit (Eagles), and Richard Marx. During the down time, Tim sang and produced \"\"Dirty Love\"\" which appeared in the James Bond film \"\"Licence to Kill\"\" and performed on both the \"\"\"\" theme and the Dionne Warwick gold album \"\"Reservations for Two\"\". Feehan wrote \"\"Heart in Pieces\"\" for the million selling album \"\"Chicago 19\"\" and performed in the video Stop the Madness alongside Whitney Houston for the Nancy Reagan anti-drug campaign \"\"Just Say No\"\". In the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 11 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16180866", "chunk_text": "\"Licence to Kill (soundtrack)\"\n\"\"Wedding Party\"\", used during the wedding of Felix Leiter to Della Churchill, makes reference to the track \"\"Jump Up\"\" from the first Bond film, \"\"Dr. No\"\". Licence to Kill (soundtrack) The soundtrack to Licence to Kill, the 16th James Bond film of the same name, was released by MCA Records in 1989. Because the usual James Bond composer John Barry (who had scored almost every film from \"\"From Russia with Love\"\" onwards) was not available at the time as he was undergoing throat surgery, the soundtrack's more upbeat and suspenseful score was composed and conducted by Michael Kamen. Initially Eric", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 12 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14247044", "chunk_text": "\"Gladys Knight & the Pips\"\ncontinues to oversee his sister's career, by being her tour manager and occasionally joining Gladys onstage during performances. Gladys Knight recorded the theme song for the James Bond film, \"\"Licence to Kill\"\" in 1989, which became a top ten single in the UK. Two years later, she released her 1991 album, \"\"Good Woman\"\", which included the top five R&B hit, \"\"Men\"\", and Grammy-nominated duet version of \"\"Superwoman\"\", recorded with Dionne Warwick and Patti LaBelle. A 1994 album, \"\"Just for You\"\", featured the hits \"\"I Don't Wanna Know\"\" and her cover of Boyz II Men's \"\"End of the Road\"\", and went", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 13 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3909232", "chunk_text": "\"Walter Afanasieff\"\nin 1985, which went on to become the artist's best-selling studio album to date. It was also during this time that Afanasieff and Walden began writing pop songs together. Together with his mentor Narada, Afanasieff's first major production was the title track of the James Bond movie \"\"Licence to Kill\"\", sung by Gladys Knight and co-written by Afanasieff and Walden. One of Afanasieff's biggest hits as a producer was the smash hit \"\"My Heart Will Go On\"\", the theme tune to the 1997 film \"\"Titanic\"\", sung by Celine Dion. The song became the world's best-selling single of 1998. Afanasieff produced", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 14 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8871494", "chunk_text": "\"Goldfinger (Shirley Bassey song)\"\n\"\"Goldfinger\"\" for her 2014 album \"\"Hello Like Before\"\". In doing so she addressed two notes that she thought \"\"sounded wrong\"\" in the original. Parodies of the song include \"\"Dr. Evil\"\", written by They Might Be Giants for \"\"\"\", and \"\"Max Power\"\", from \"\"The Simpsons\"\" episode \"\"Homer to the Max\"\". In 1989, after the release of the James Bond theme song \"\"Licence to Kill\"\", from the film of the same title, it was felt to significantly reuse important elements of \"\"Goldfinger\"\", and so the songwriting credits for the former were adapted for all subsequent releases. Goldfinger (Shirley Bassey song) \"\"Goldfinger\"\" is", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 15 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20996425", "chunk_text": "\"A View to a Kill (song)\"\nA View to a Kill (song) \"\"A View to a Kill\"\" is the thirteenth single by the English new wave and synthpop band Duran Duran, released on 6 May 1985. Written and recorded as the theme for the 1985 James Bond movie of the same name, it became one of the band's biggest hits. It remains the only James Bond theme song to have reached number 1 on the US \"\"Billboard\"\" Hot 100; it also made it to number 2 for three weeks on the UK Singles Chart. In 1986, composer John Barry and Duran Duran were nominated for the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 16 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12469891", "chunk_text": "\"License to Drive\"\n\"\"much more predictable\"\". The movie was a box office success. It earned $22,433,275 at the North American box office, against a production budget of $8 million. Songs played in the film, but not on the soundtrack \"\"License to Drive\"\" was first released on VHS by CBS/Fox Video in late 1988.Suggested Retail Price $89.98 It was notable that some VHS versions of the film replaced the Nia Peeples song \"\"Trouble\"\" with \"\"New Sensation\"\" by INXS. A special edition DVD was distributed by Anchor Bay Entertainment in the United States on May 3, 2005. Special features included interviews with Corey Haim and", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 17 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1287296", "chunk_text": "\"Be Yourself (Patti LaBelle album)\"\nThat\"\", produced by Full Force and the aforementioned \"\"Yo Mister\"\". Be Yourself (Patti LaBelle album) Be Yourself is the ninth solo album by American singer Patti LaBelle, released in 1989 on the MCA label, her second album with the company following 1986's platinum hit, \"\"Winner in You\"\". The album features the single, \"\"If You Asked Me To\"\" (a US R&B top 10 single by LaBelle, later covered by Celine Dion), which is also featured on the soundtrack to the James Bond movie, \"\"Licence to Kill\"\", and the top ten Prince-written hit, \"\"Yo Mister\"\". The album marked LaBelle's foray into new", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 18 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1111296", "chunk_text": "\"Gladys Knight\"\nwhich won a Grammy for Best Pop Performance By A Duo Or Group With Vocal. In 1989 she recorded the title track \"\"Licence to Kill\"\" for the James Bond movie \"\"Licence to Kill,\"\" a Top 10 hit in the UK and Germany. Gladys released her third and most successful solo LP, \"\"Good Woman\"\", on MCA in 1991. It hit #1 on the R&B album chart and featured the #2 R&B hit \"\"Men\"\". It also reached #45 on the main Billboard album chart – her all-time highest showing. The album also featured \"\"Superwoman\"\", written by Babyface and featuring Dionne Warwick and", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 19 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17958356", "chunk_text": "\"Edward Shearmur\"\nEdward Shearmur Edward Shearmur (sometimes known as Ed Shearmur; born 28 February 1966) is a British film composer. Born in London, England, at age 7 he sang in the boys' choir at Westminster Cathedral. Educated at Eton College, he studied at the Royal College of Music and went on to a scholarship at Pembroke College at the University of Cambridge. He worked as orchestration and conducting assistant to Michael Kamen on such films as \"\"Licence to Kill\"\", \"\"Die Hard\"\", \"\"Lethal Weapon\"\" and the acclaimed \"\"Don Juan DeMarco\"\") before scoring his first full-length feature film \"\"The Cement Garden\"\" which won the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 20 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18444543", "chunk_text": "\"Harold Faltermeyer\"\nHarold Faltermeyer Hans Hugo Harold Faltermeier (born 5 October 1952) is a German musician, composer and record producer. He is best known for composing the \"\"Axel F\"\" theme for the feature film \"\"Beverly Hills Cop\"\", an influential synth-pop hit in the 1980s. He also composed the \"\"Top Gun\"\" Anthem for the feature film \"\"Top Gun\"\" and the music for the Chevy Chase \"\"Fletch\"\" feature films, \"\"Fletch\"\" and \"\"Fletch Lives\"\". The \"\"Beverly Hills Cop\"\" and \"\"Top Gun\"\" projects afforded him two Grammy Awards: the first in 1986 for Best Album of original score written for a motion picture or television special,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 21 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4804674", "chunk_text": "\"Gun barrel sequence\"\nstyles and locations featured. Some composers have not used the familiar opening bars that punctuate the appearance of the white dots. Others, while retaining them, have felt free to noticeably alter the usual rendition, e.g. Michael Kamen and Éric Serra, who scored \"\"Licence to Kill\"\" and \"\"GoldenEye\"\" respectively. Kamen's orchestration was a symphonic fanfare, while Serra's arrangement is played by synthesiser. \"\"Casino Royale\"\" has the only gun barrel sequence which omits the \"\"James Bond Theme\"\" completely, instead featuring the opening bars of \"\"You Know My Name\"\" by Chris Cornell. The \"\"James Bond Theme\"\" returns to accompany the gun barrel sequence", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 22 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6549167", "chunk_text": "\"James Bond in film\"\nand Stephano's House 707 South Street for his house and patio. The US Coast Guard Pier was used to film Isthmus City harbour. John Barry was not available to score the film because of throat surgery, so the soundtrack's score was composed and conducted by Michael Kamen, who was known for scoring many action films at the time, such as \"\"Lethal Weapon\"\" and \"\"Die Hard\"\". The film's darker and more violent plot elicited calls for cuts by the British Board of Film Classification. \"\"Licence to Kill\"\" marked the end of the involvement for a number of long-term crew members, including", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 23 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11001652", "chunk_text": "\"Tomorrow Never Dies (song)\"\nTomorrow Never Dies (song) \"\"Tomorrow Never Dies\"\" is the song, performed by Sheryl Crow, which served as the theme song to the James Bond film of the same name. The song was co-written by Crow and the song's producer Mitchell Froom, and became her fifth UK Top 20 hit, peaking at No. 12 in 1997. Another song, \"\"Tomorrow Never Dies\"\", written by the movie's composer David Arnold and performed by k.d. lang, was originally produced as the official theme tune. When Crow's song became the official theme the k.d. lang song was relegated to the end credits, and renamed \"\"Surrender\"\".", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 24 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20306993", "chunk_text": "\"License to Kill (1984 film)\"\nLicense to Kill (1984 film) License to Kill is a 1984 television film directed by Jud Taylor. It stars James Farentino and Penny Fuller. It was released on DVD in 2008 by Echo Bridge Home Entertainment. John and Judith Peterson's world is shattered when their daughter Lynne is killed by a drunk driver the very same day she graduated from high school and received an award for safe driving. John becomes obsessed with seeing Tom Fiske, the arrogant businessman who caused the accident and who shows no remorse, punished for his crime. Fiske hires a crafty defense attorney who delays", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 25 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2820292", "chunk_text": "\"Be Yourself (Patti LaBelle album)\"\nBe Yourself (Patti LaBelle album) Be Yourself is the ninth solo album by American singer Patti LaBelle, released in 1989 on the MCA label, her second album with the company following 1986's platinum hit, \"\"Winner in You\"\". The album features the single, \"\"If You Asked Me To\"\" (a US R&B top 10 single by LaBelle, later covered by Celine Dion), which is also featured on the soundtrack to the James Bond movie, \"\"Licence to Kill\"\", and the top ten Prince-written hit, \"\"Yo Mister\"\". The album marked LaBelle's foray into new jack swing music with the tracks, \"\"I Got It Like", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 26 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17958358", "chunk_text": "\"Edward Shearmur\"\nmarried to film producer Allison Shearmur (née Brecker) until her death from lung cancer in January 2018. They have two children. Edward Shearmur Edward Shearmur (sometimes known as Ed Shearmur; born 28 February 1966) is a British film composer. Born in London, England, at age 7 he sang in the boys' choir at Westminster Cathedral. Educated at Eton College, he studied at the Royal College of Music and went on to a scholarship at Pembroke College at the University of Cambridge. He worked as orchestration and conducting assistant to Michael Kamen on such films as \"\"Licence to Kill\"\", \"\"Die Hard\"\",", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 27 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3427069", "chunk_text": "\"Mike Post\"\nand video game composers. The following singles credited to Mike Post charted on the U.S. \"\"Billboard\"\" Hot 100 chart and/or on the Adult Contemporary chart: Mike Post Mike Post (born Leland Michael Postil, September 29, 1944) is an American multi Grammy and Emmy-winning composer, best known for his TV theme songs for such series as \"\"Law & Order\"\", \"\"\"\", \"\"The A-Team\"\", \"\"NYPD Blue\"\", \"\"Renegade,\"\" \"\"The Rockford Files\"\", \"\"L.A. Law\"\", \"\"Quantum Leap\"\", \"\"Magnum, P.I.\"\", and \"\"Hill Street Blues\"\". Post's first credited work in music was cutting demos using two singing sisters, Terry and Carol Fischer. With Sally Gordon, they went on", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 28 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17600073", "chunk_text": "\"Moonlighting (theme song)\"\nMoonlighting (theme song) \"\"Moonlighting\"\" is the theme song to the ABC comedy-crime drama of the same name, which ran from 1985 to 1989 and starred Bruce Willis and Cybill Shepherd. The theme song was performed by Al Jarreau, who wrote the song with Lee Holdridge; it was produced by Nile Rodgers. Included on the soundtrack album for the series and released as a single in 1987, the song reached number 23 on the \"\"Billboard\"\" Hot 100 and spent one week at number one on the Adult Contemporary chart. In 1988 the song earned two Grammy Award nominations for Best Pop", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 29 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14059375", "chunk_text": "\"James Bond Theme\"\na Kill\"\" the melody of the theme was played on strings. Timothy Dalton's first film \"\"The Living Daylights\"\", which was the last Bond film scored by Barry, used a symphonic version with the melody played on strings. This version of the Bond theme is notable for its introduction of sequenced electronic rhythm tracks overdubbed with the orchestra - at the time, a relatively new innovation. In \"\"Licence to Kill\"\", the Bond theme was arranged by Michael Kamen using rock drums to symbolize a harder and more violent Bond. This gunbarrel is the first one since \"\"Dr. No\"\" not starting with", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 30 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15246316", "chunk_text": "\"Licensed to Love and Kill\"\nSimon Bell wrote the music and Doreen Chanter composed and performed the theme song, \"\"Love is a Fine Thing\"\". Licensed to Love and Kill Secret Agent Charles Bind is called in to investigate the disappearance of Lord Dangerfield, a British diplomat. The trail leads Bind to Dangefield’s daughter Carlotta Muff-Dangerfield who is called \"\"Lotta Muff\"\", an ambitious American Senator named Lucifer Orchid, and Bind’s counterpart in the forces of evil, Ultra One. During the production of Henson and Shonteff’s previous Charles Bind film \"\"No. 1 of the Secret Service\"\", a sequel was announced entitled \"\"An Orchid for No. 1\"\" Though", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 31 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11921369", "chunk_text": "\"A View to a Kill (soundtrack)\"\nA View to a Kill (soundtrack) A View to a Kill is the soundtrack for the film of the same name, the 14th installment in the James Bond film series. The theme song \"\"A View to a Kill\"\", was written by John Barry and Duran Duran, and was recorded in London with a 60-piece orchestra. \"\"A View to a Kill\"\" is the most successful Bond theme to date. In 1986 Barry and Duran Duran were nominated for the Golden Globe Award for Best Original Song. Duran Duran was chosen to do the song after bassist John Taylor (a lifelong Bond", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 32 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16725281", "chunk_text": "\"Magnum, P.I.\"\nChicago lawyer with close ties to then-President Barack Obama, and later transferred to an LLC registered in Colorado. In April 2018, the estate was demolished. The original theme music for the opening credits of the pilot episode was a mid-tempo jazzy piece by Ian Freebairn-Smith. This music was also used for the next nine regular episodes. Beginning in Episode 12, it was replaced by a more uptempo theme typical of 1980s action series by Mike Post and Pete Carpenter with guitar by Larry Carlton. This theme had been used during the show and over the closing credits from Episode 8.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 33 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8579982", "chunk_text": "\"If You Asked Me To\"\nIf You Asked Me To \"\"If You Asked Me To\"\" is a song written by American songwriter Diane Warren. It was originally recorded by American singer Patti LaBelle for her ninth studio album \"\"Be Yourself\"\" (1989), and also for the soundtrack to the James Bond film, \"\"Licence to Kill\"\". The lyrics are from the point of view of a woman who pleads to her significant other: \"\"If you asked me to, I just might change my mind, and let you in my life forever.\"\" Three years later, Canadian singer Celine Dion covered \"\"If You Asked Me To\"\" for her 1992", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 34 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15748396", "chunk_text": "\"If You Asked Me To\"\ntheir version of the song for the film \"\"Unofficially Yours\"\". If You Asked Me To \"\"If You Asked Me To\"\" is a song written by American songwriter Diane Warren. It was originally recorded by American singer Patti LaBelle for her ninth studio album \"\"Be Yourself\"\" (1989), and also for the soundtrack to the James Bond film, \"\"Licence to Kill\"\". The lyrics are from the point of view of a woman who pleads to her significant other: \"\"If you asked me to, I just might change my mind, and let you in my life forever.\"\" Three years later, Canadian singer Celine", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 35 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5791328", "chunk_text": "\"Bounty Killer (film)\"\nand much of the technology is analog. Shooting took 18 days. Although the crew were fond of practical effects, they did not have the opportunity to make extensive use of them due to the fast production schedule. Many of the cars used in the film were either donated or made available at low cost. The theme song \"\"Gonna Getcha\"\" was performed by Sara Bareilles who also sang \"\"The Kill\"\" for the film's end credits. Both songs were written by Will Collyer. Lyrics for \"\"The Kill\"\" were written by Sujata Day. \"\"Bounty Killer\"\" had its world premiere at the Dallas International", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 36 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17266628", "chunk_text": "\"Jeff Pescetto\"\nJeff Pescetto Jeffrey \"\"Jeff\"\" Pescetto (born November 21, 1954) is an American musical artist who is most notable for collaborating with David Foster on the 1990 recreation of John Farnham's Australian single, \"\"You're the Voice\"\". Pescetto lent the vocals to Foster's pianism on the latter's \"\"River of Love\"\" album. He has also written and sung songs for various movie soundtracks. His credits include \"\"Licence to Kill\"\", \"\"Honey, I Shrunk the Kids\"\", and \"\"Breakdown\"\". He has also sung \"\"Tekken 5\"\"'s opening song \"\"Sparking\"\" alongside Tom Leonard. He is also well known for being the singer of the theme songs to the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 37 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12469884", "chunk_text": "\"License to Drive\"\nLicense to Drive License to Drive is a 1988 teen adventure film written by Neil Tolkin and directed by Greg Beeman in his feature film directorial debut. It stars Corey Haim, Corey Feldman, Heather Graham, Carol Kane, Richard Masur, Michael Manasseri and Nina Siemaszko. The film was in production in late 1987. It was released on July 6, 1988 in the United States and grossed over $20 million at the North American box office. It was distributed by 20th Century Fox. Les Anderson (Corey Haim) is a 16-year-old living in Southern California who tries to get his driver's license and", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 38 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12469893", "chunk_text": "\"License to Drive\"\nfilm. License to Drive License to Drive is a 1988 teen adventure film written by Neil Tolkin and directed by Greg Beeman in his feature film directorial debut. It stars Corey Haim, Corey Feldman, Heather Graham, Carol Kane, Richard Masur, Michael Manasseri and Nina Siemaszko. The film was in production in late 1987. It was released on July 6, 1988 in the United States and grossed over $20 million at the North American box office. It was distributed by 20th Century Fox. Les Anderson (Corey Haim) is a 16-year-old living in Southern California who tries to get his driver's license", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 39 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18825151", "chunk_text": "\"Lethal Weapon (soundtrack)\"\nLethal Weapon (soundtrack) Lethal Weapon is a soundtrack album of the 1987 film \"\"Lethal Weapon\"\". It is performed and composed by Michael Kamen, Eric Clapton and David Sanborn, with the title track performed by Honeymoon Suite, was originally released on audio cassette and CD in 1987. The score features a blend of orchestral music, jazz and smooth rock. In April 2002 a Limited edition Score of 3,000 numbered copies was released. This release featured several unreleased tracks, including the cue from the famous \"\"Hollywood Blvd. Chase\"\" sequence (a recurring cue in both \"\"Lethal Weapon 2\"\" and \"\"Lethal Weapon 3\"\"). In", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 40 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17862462", "chunk_text": "\"House M.D. Original Television Soundtrack\"\nHouse M.D. Original Television Soundtrack House M.D. Original Television Soundtrack is a soundtrack album from the television series \"\"House\"\". It was released on September 18, 2007 by Nettwerk Records. The soundtrack includes full length versions of songs featured in the show, such as \"\"See the World\"\" by Gomez, \"\"Walter Reed\"\" by Michael Penn, and \"\"Teardrop\"\", the show's opening theme, performed by Massive Attack. It also featured songs that were recorded especially for the series that were not previously released, such as a cover of the Christina Aguilera song \"\"Beautiful\"\" by Elvis Costello, and covers of The Rolling Stones' \"\"You Can't", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 41 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5462359", "chunk_text": "\"Live and Let Die (song)\"\nLive and Let Die (song) \"\"Live and Let Die\"\" is the main theme song of the 1973 James Bond film \"\"Live and Let Die\"\", written by Paul and Linda McCartney and performed by Wings. It was the most successful Bond theme to that point, charting at No. 2 on the US \"\"Billboard\"\" Hot 100 and No. 9 on the UK Singles Chart. Commissioned specifically for the movie, it reunited the former Beatle with the band's producer, George Martin, who produced the song and arranged the orchestra. It has been covered by several bands, with the Guns N' Roses version being", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 42 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2183271", "chunk_text": "\"Harold Faltermeyer\"\nSmith's 2010 action comedy \"\"Cop Out\"\" starring Bruce Willis. In June 2017, it was revealed that Faltermeyer will have music featured in the upcoming . Harold Faltermeyer Hans Hugo Harold Faltermeier (born 5 October 1952) is a German musician, composer and record producer. He is best known for composing the \"\"Axel F\"\" theme for the feature film \"\"Beverly Hills Cop\"\", an influential synth-pop hit in the 1980s. He also composed the \"\"Top Gun\"\" Anthem for the feature film \"\"Top Gun\"\" and the music for the Chevy Chase \"\"Fletch\"\" feature films, \"\"Fletch\"\" and \"\"Fletch Lives\"\". The \"\"Beverly Hills Cop\"\" and \"\"Top", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 43 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7248691", "chunk_text": "\"Law & Order: Criminal Intent\"\nin the opening credits (seasons 1–5). Another Rob Dougan track, \"\"I'm Not Driving Anymore\"\", is used as the theme for \"\"Law & Order\"\" and \"\"\"\". From season 6 the UK-aired version theme is \"\"Urban Warfare\"\" by Paul Dinletir. \"\"Law & Order: Criminal Intent\"\" was created in 2001 by René Balcer and Dick Wolf. Balcer served as the show's executive producer, showrunner, and head writer for its first five seasons. The show dominated its original time slot on Sundays at 9:00 p.m. for its first three seasons (routinely beating its competition, ABC's \"\"Alias\"\" and HBO's \"\"The Sopranos\"\", in households and in", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 44 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14845310", "chunk_text": "\"The Plugz\"\nAgent Man\"\", \"\"El Clavo y la Cruz\"\" and original instrumental background music for the film. Both \"\"Hombre Secreto\"\" and \"\"Reel Ten\"\" (the instrumental soundtrack for \"\"Repo Man\"\"), featured Hufsteter on lead guitar. Plugz bassist Tony Marsico and drummer Charlie Quintana accompanied Bob Dylan on his appearance on \"\"Late Night with David Letterman\"\" on 22 March 1984 for three songs: \"\"Don't Start Me Talkin'\"\" (by Sonny Boy Williamson), \"\"Jokerman\"\", and \"\"License to Kill\"\". In 1984, \"\"The Plugz\"\" name was retired and the three members continued as the Cruzados with Steven Hufsteter. The Plugz reunited the three founding members for The Masque", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 45 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17885165", "chunk_text": "\"You Know My Name\"\na Kill'\"\", praising the minimal production; on its review of \"\"Carry On\"\", the magazine considered \"\"You Know My Name\"\" to be the best track of the album, describing it as \"\"some of Cornell's most uncomplicated and accessible music to date\"\"; the BBC's unnamed reviewer considered that Cornell's voice \"\"weighs down\"\" the song; 1 2 You Know My Name \"\"You Know My Name\"\", performed by Soundgarden singer Chris Cornell, is the theme song to the 2006 James Bond film, \"\"Casino Royale.\"\" Cornell wrote it jointly with David Arnold, the soundtrack's composer. The film producers chose Cornell because they wanted a strong", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 46 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6229036", "chunk_text": "\"Billy Goldenberg\"\nBilly Goldenberg William Leon Goldenberg (born February 10, 1936, Brooklyn) is an American composer and songwriter, best-known for his work on television and film. Among his most noteworthy were his collaborations with Steven Spielberg on his telefilms (in particular, \"\"Night Gallery\"\" in 1969, and \"\"Duel\"\" in 1971) and his seven-episode contribution toward the \"\"NBC Mystery Movie\"\" detective series \"\"Columbo\"\". He composed the themes for several popular television programs, including \"\"Kojak\"\", \"\"Alias Smith and Jones\"\", \"\"Banacek\"\", \"\"Rhoda\"\" and \"\"Our House\"\". He composed the scores to countless films and TV movies including \"\"Fear No Evil\"\" (1969), \"\"Ritual of Evil\"\" (1970), \"\"The Grasshopper\"\"", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 47 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6302559", "chunk_text": "\"Law & Order\"\nseries of the franchise. The UK-aired Channel Five versions of seasons 7–16 of \"\"Law & Order\"\" and Seasons 1–9 of \"\"\"\" feature the song \"\"I'm Not Driving Anymore\"\" by Rob Dougan in the opening credits with \"\"Urban Warfare\"\" by Paul Dinletir being used for Seasons 10–11 after that Seasons 16–20 of Law & Order and Seasons 12+ of SVU used the US theme. Another Rob Dougan track, \"\"There's Only Me\"\", was used as the theme for seasons 1–6 of \"\"\"\", with Urban Warfare again being used for Seasons 7–8 and the US theme being used for Seasons 9–10. For the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 48 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8909926", "chunk_text": "\"Gated reverb\"\nthe sound became a defining characteristic of that decade's popular music. The British band Duran Duran made repeated use of the recording technique, heard prominently on the drums on the 1984 hit single \"\"The Wild Boys\"\" as well as the 1985 James Bond theme song \"\"A View To A Kill\"\". Bruce Springsteen used the effect on his 1984 hit \"\"Born in the U.S.A.\"\", the drums being played by Max Weinberg. The song \"\"Some Like It Hot\"\" by The Power Station opens with a drum solo that features the effect prominently. The song \"\"Hounds of Love\"\", produced and released by Kate", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 49 } ]
test_3483	what is the spelling of lakh in english?	n/a	[ "lakh" ]	[]	n/a	n/a	n/a	[]	[ { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15577629", "chunk_text": "Lakh\nLakh A lakh (; abbreviated L; sometimes written Lac or Lacs; Devanāgarī: लाख) is a unit in the Indian numbering system equal to one hundred thousand (100,000; scientific notation: 10). In the Indian convention of digit grouping, it is written as 1,00,000. For example, in India 150,000 rupees becomes 1.5 \"\"lakh\"\" rupees, written as 1,50,000 or INR 1,50,000. It is widely used both in official and other contexts in Bangladesh, Bhutan, India, Myanmar, Nepal, Pakistan, and Sri Lanka. It is often used in Indian, Pakistani, and Sri Lankan English. In Pakistan, the word \"\"lakh\"\" is used mostly in local languages", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 0 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15577632", "chunk_text": "Lakh\nThe root of the word \"\"lakh\"\" might be the Pali \"\"lakkha\"\" (masculine noun, \"\"mark, target, stake in gambling\"\"), from which the numerical meaning, \"\"one hundred thousand\"\" is derived. Another possible root could be the Sanskrit \"\"laksha\"\" (Devanagari: लक्ष \"\"lakṣa\"\"), which has similar meanings in that language. Lakh A lakh (; abbreviated L; sometimes written Lac or Lacs; Devanāgarī: लाख) is a unit in the Indian numbering system equal to one hundred thousand (100,000; scientific notation: 10). In the Indian convention of digit grouping, it is written as 1,00,000. For example, in India 150,000 rupees becomes 1.5 \"\"lakh\"\" rupees, written as", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 1 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15577630", "chunk_text": "Lakh\nrather than in English media. In Indian English, the word is used both as an attributive and non-attributive noun, and with either a marked (\"\"-s\"\") or unmarked plural, as in: \"\"1 \"\"lakh\"\" people\"\" or \"\"1 \"\"lakh\"\" of people\"\"; \"\"200 \"\"lakh\"\" rupees\"\"; \"\"5 \"\"lakh\"\" of rupees\"\"; \"\"rupees 10 lakh\"\"; or \"\"5 \"\"lakh\"\" of rupees\"\". In the abbreviated form, usage such as \"\"5L\"\" (for \"\"rupees 5 \"\"lakh\"\"\"\") is common. In this system of numeration 100 \"\"lakh\"\" is called one \"\"crore\"\" and is equal to 10 million. In colloquial Urdu, especially in the city of Karachi, the word \"\"peti\"\" (\"\"suitcase\"\") is also used", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 2 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15577631", "chunk_text": "Lakh\nto denote one \"\"lakh\"\" rupees. This originated during the General Zia era, when the largest denomination of currency was the 100 rupee note, and one \"\"lakh\"\" rupees would fill a small suitcase (\"\"peti\"\" as in Bombay Hindi). Hence, even after the Zia era, one \"\"peti\"\" has continued to mean one \"\"lakh\"\" rupees. The word \"\"lakhi\"\" is commonly used throughout Tanzania to denote 100,000 shillings and is likely to have entered the Swahili language from Indian and Pakistani immigrants. The term is also used in the pricing of silver on the international precious metals market, where one \"\"lakh\"\" equals of silver.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 3 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9631643", "chunk_text": "Lakhera\nvariety of business. The community is also equated with the Patwa community at some places. The Lakhera get their name from the Sanskrit \"\"laksha kuru\"\" meaning a worker in lac. According to their mythologies, this caste created by the goddess Parvati. Other traditions make them out to be Yaduvanshi Rajputs. They are said to have originated in Rajasthan, and then spread to Uttarakhand, Delhi, Haryana, Rajasthan, Gujarat, Madhya Pradesh, Punjab and Maharashtra. The community in Delhi speaks Hindi, while in Haryana they speaks Haryanvi, while in Rajasthan they Speaks Hadoti. In Maharshtra can speak Marathi, Marwadi. They are known as", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 4 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20723487", "chunk_text": "1,000,000\na million would be an exceedingly tedious task due to the time and concentration required, there are many ways to bring the number \"\"down to size\"\" in approximate quantities, ignoring irregularities or packing effects. In Indian English and Pakistani English, it is also expressed as 10 lakh or 10 Lac. Lakh is derived from 'laksh' for 100,000 in Sanskrit. 1,000,000 1,000,000 (one million), or one thousand thousand, is the natural number following 999,999 and preceding 1,000,001. The word is derived from the early Italian \"\"millione\"\" (\"\"milione\"\" in modern Italian), from \"\"mille\"\", \"\"thousand\"\", plus the augmentative suffix \"\"-one\"\". It is commonly", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 5 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10699275", "chunk_text": "100,000\n100,000 100,000 (one hundred thousand) is the natural number following 99,999 and preceding 100,001. In scientific notation, it is written as 10. In India, Pakistan and South Asia, one hundred thousand is called a lakh, and is written as 1,00,000. The Thai, Lao, Khmer and Vietnamese languages also have separate words for this number: , , [saen] and ức respectively. No other major language has a special word for this number, preferring to refer to it as a multiple of smaller numbers. In Cyrillic numerals, it is known as the legion (\"\"легион\"\"): or . In astronomy, 100,000 metres, 100 kilometres,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 6 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18805676", "chunk_text": "Lakshana\nLakshana Lakshana ( \"\"\"\") – derived from the combination of words \"\"lakshya\"\" and \"\"kshana\"\" – means 'indication' or 'symptom'. It also means 'an auspicious mark', 'attribute' or 'quality'. In Tamil language, Lakshanam means \"\"features\"\". Sulakshana means good features. In Varadarāja's \"\"Laghukaumudi\"\" (St.210), on the following \"\"Paniniya Sukta\"\" I.i.62 on Sanskrit grammar, which reads: states that when elision (\"\"lopa\"\") of an affix has taken place, the affix shall still exert its influence, and the operations dependent upon it will take place as if it were present. He explains that the word, \"\"Lakshana\"\", signifies that by which a thing is recognized, and", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 7 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8475560", "chunk_text": "Lakhey\nLakhey Lākhey (Nepal Bhasa: लाखे, lā-khé) (alternative spellings Lākhe, Lākhay, लाखय्) is a demon in Nepalese folklore. He is depicted with a ferocious face, protruding fangs and mane of red or black hair. Lakhes figure prominently in traditional Newar culture of Nepal Mandala. The Lakhe tradition is found in the Kathmandu Valley and other Newar settlements throughout Nepal. Lakhes are said to be demons who used to live in the forests and later became protectors to the townspeople. A female Lakhe is known as Lasin (लसिं). The other common legendary being in Nepalese folklore is the Khyāh, who is depicted", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 8 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1895056", "chunk_text": "\"Indian numbering system\"\nIndian numbering system The Indian numbering system is used in the Indian subcontinent (Bangladesh, India, Nepal, Maldives, Pakistan and Sri Lanka) and in Burma. The terms \"\"lakh\"\" (100,000 or 1,00,000 in the Indian system) and \"\"crore\"\" (10,000,000 or 1,00,00,000 in the Indian system) are used in Indian English to express large numbers. For example, in India 150,000 rupees becomes 1.5 lakh rupees, written as 1,50,000 or INR 1,50,000, while 30,000,000 (thirty million) rupees becomes 3 crore rupees, written as 3,00,00,000 with commas at the thousand, \"\"lakh\"\", and \"\"crore\"\" levels, and 1,000,000,000 (one billion) rupees (one hundred crore rupees or one", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 9 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7756140", "chunk_text": "\"Indian numbering system\"\none million million. There are various systems of numeration found in various ancient Vedic literatures of India. The following table gives one such system used in the Tamil ancient numbering system. Indian numbering system The Indian numbering system is used in the Indian subcontinent (Bangladesh, India, Nepal, Maldives, Pakistan and Sri Lanka) and in Burma. The terms \"\"lakh\"\" (100,000 or 1,00,000 in the Indian system) and \"\"crore\"\" (10,000,000 or 1,00,00,000 in the Indian system) are used in Indian English to express large numbers. For example, in India 150,000 rupees becomes 1.5 lakh rupees, written as 1,50,000 or INR 1,50,000, while", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 10 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13130712", "chunk_text": "Laeeq\nLaeeq Laeeq \"\"لئیق\"\" is a masculine name, which means able, worthy, fit, suitable, capable, decent, intelligent. The word is commonly pronounced as \"\"Layk\"\". It has roots in Urdu, Arabic, Ethiopian and Scottish languages. The closest Arabic equivalent of Laeeq/Laiq is \"\"Laeq\"\" \"\"لائق\"\". \"\"Laeeq\"\" is also believed to be an African name. It is commonly considered as an Urdu name. Variants of the name \"\"Laeeq\"\" are also found in Scotland. The English variant forms of the name include: Laike, Laiken, Laikin, Laken, Lake, and Lakon. From the English word lake, for the inland body of water. It is ultimately derived from", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 11 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19879181", "chunk_text": "Singlish\nThe ubiquitous word lah ( or ), sometimes spelled as la and rarely spelled as larh, luh or lurh, is used at the end of a sentence. It originates from the Hokkien word (, POJ: \"\"lah\"\") used by Chinese people when they speak Singlish, although its usage in Singapore is also been rarely influenced by its occurrence in Malay. It simultaneously softens the force of an utterance and entices solidarity, though it can also have the opposite meaning so it is used to signal power. In addition, there are suggestions that there is more than one lah particle, so there", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 12 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13130713", "chunk_text": "Laeeq\nLatin \"\"lacus\"\". In English language the name \"\"Lake\"\" or \"\"Layk\"\" is rare. Notable people with this name include: Laeeq is often the first name of people but can also be a surname. Laeeq Laeeq \"\"لئیق\"\" is a masculine name, which means able, worthy, fit, suitable, capable, decent, intelligent. The word is commonly pronounced as \"\"Layk\"\". It has roots in Urdu, Arabic, Ethiopian and Scottish languages. The closest Arabic equivalent of Laeeq/Laiq is \"\"Laeq\"\" \"\"لائق\"\". \"\"Laeeq\"\" is also believed to be an African name. It is commonly considered as an Urdu name. Variants of the name \"\"Laeeq\"\" are also found in", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 13 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5381201", "chunk_text": "Lakhera\nBihar, Maharashtra. barhi and jabalpur People of Lakhera community are professional artist of Lakh(substance used to make bangles) which is an inherent heritage of Lakhera community. Prime objective of Lakhera group is to enhance the knowledge about Lakhera community through the process of sharing, getting together and then working to achieve the objectives. To makes efforts, to integrate Lakhera community, achieve maximum cooperation and mutual understanding by all the ways of formal and informal discussions, academic relations and personal interactions. Cast's National youth Organization is Akhil Bhartiy Lakhara Yuva Sanghatan (ABLYS). Lakhera Lakhera (also spelt as Lakhara, Lakshakar, Laxkar, Lakhpati,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 14 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5258334", "chunk_text": "\"Lakhimpur district\"\nbelieved to have come from word “Lakshmi”, the Hindu goddess of Wealth and Prosperity. The word “pur” has two meanings—first one is “full”, so 'Lakhimpur' means 'full of paddy'. The second meaning is \"\"City\"\", so 'Lakhimpur' means 'The City of Wealth and Prosperity'. Besides, the district has alluvial soil which is very fertile. Also fish, vegetables, milk etc. were abundant. The name Lakhimpur was derived from the name \"\"Lakshmipur\"\" which was given by the Chutiya king named Lakshminaryan who ruled during the 15th century. Later, it was changed by the Baro-Bhuyans to Lakhimpur, when they were made feudal lords of", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 15 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16600075", "chunk_text": "Lakshana\nto the prediction of future events, the word, \"\"Lakshana\"\", means a mark or an omen. In this system, eight different methods are employed: According to numerology, numbers pregnant with more than one meaning and significance, indicate the course of future events. According to \"\"Anga Ranga\"\", a very ancient method, women are divided into four distinct classes of temperament that correspond to the four phases of liberation (\"\"moksa\"\"). Lakshana Lakshana ( \"\"\"\") – derived from the combination of words \"\"lakshya\"\" and \"\"kshana\"\" – means 'indication' or 'symptom'. It also means 'an auspicious mark', 'attribute' or 'quality'. In Tamil language, Lakshanam means", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 16 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9631642", "chunk_text": "Lakhera\nLakhera Lakhera (also spelt as Lakhara, Lakshakar, Laxkar, Lakhpati, Lakshkar, Lakhera, Lakeri & Lakheri) are a community native to Hindi Belt. They are a community earlier associated with bangle making and business of the same. They are Rajputs and they sacrificed their weapons by the order of Lord Shiva and started work of \"\"Lakh\"\" for Goddess Parvati (Wife of Lord Shiva). In Hindu mythology Lakh is considered to be sacred as it indicates symbol of Suhaag in married life. From the name of Lakh society got their name as Lakhera or Laxkar. Now this community is growing and exploring with", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 17 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10699276", "chunk_text": "100,000\nor 100 km (62 miles) is the altitude at which the Fédération Aéronautique Internationale (FAI) defines spaceflight to begin. In the Irish Language, céad míle fáilte (pronounced: ) is a popular greeting meaning \"\"A Hundred Thousand Welcomes\"\". 100,000 100,000 (one hundred thousand) is the natural number following 99,999 and preceding 100,001. In scientific notation, it is written as 10. In India, Pakistan and South Asia, one hundred thousand is called a lakh, and is written as 1,00,000. The Thai, Lao, Khmer and Vietnamese languages also have separate words for this number: , , [saen] and ức respectively. No other major", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 18 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2287737", "chunk_text": "Lamedh\ndriver is a student of driving (the Lamed stands for \"\"lomed\"\", learner). As a prefix, it can have two purposes: Lamedh Lamed or Lamedh is the twelfth letter of the Semitic abjads, including Phoenician Lāmed , Hebrew 'Lāmed , Aramaic Lāmadh , Syriac Lāmaḏ ܠ, and Arabic . Its sound value is . The Phoenician letter gave rise to the Greek Lambda (Λ), Latin L, and Cyrillic El (Л). The letter is usually considered to have originated from the representation of a goad, i.e. a cattle prod, or a shepherd's stick, i.e. a pastoral staff. The letter is named \"\"lām\"\",", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 19 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13505914", "chunk_text": "Sinha\nor “missy. Sinha Sinha is a Sanskrit term, it originates in the Indian subcontinent, common in India, Sri Lanka, Bangladesh and Pakistan, covering south Asia. It comes from the Sanskrit word \"\"Siṃha\"\" ('ng' sound), which means 'Lion' or a Brave Person. In Sri Lanka, the term 'Sinha' (or Siha / Sinhe / Singhe / Singha / Singho) have commonly been used by the Sinhalese (or Sinhala). When it comes to the term 'Sinhala' itself, the first part of the word, 'Sinha' stands for lion while 'la' or 'le' stands for blood, giving the meaning 'Lions blood'. The word Simhmam (or", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 20 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1975891", "chunk_text": "L\nL L (named \"\"el\"\" ) is the twelfth letter of the modern English alphabet and the ISO basic Latin alphabet, used in words such as \"\"lagoon\"\", \"\"lantern\"\", and \"\"less\"\". Lamedh may have come from a pictogram of an ox goad or cattle prod. Some have suggested a shepherd's staff. In phonetic and phonemic transcription, the International Phonetic Alphabet uses to represent the lateral alveolar approximant. In English orthography, usually represents the phoneme , which can have several sound values, depending on the speaker's accent, and whether it occurs before or after a vowel. The alveolar lateral approximant (the sound represented", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 21 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20947257", "chunk_text": "\"Lathanga, Odisha\"\nLathanga, Odisha Lathanga is a village in the state of Orissa, India with its postal Zip code 754140. Lathanga is the corrupt form of the Sanskrit word 'Rathaanga' which means 'like the body of a chariot'. This village has become very much known among the people due to its contribution to the triple S i.e. Sekhareswar, Sanskrit and Spirituality. Lathanga is near to Paradip and 10 kilometers distant from the Bay of Bengal. According to 2001 Census, Male Population of the village is 186, Female Population is 198 and Total Population is 384. In this village, Male Literates are 155,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 22 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4207838", "chunk_text": "Nilesh\nNilesh Nilesh (sometimes also spelled as Neelesh) is an Indian name based on one of two deities, Vishnu or Shiva, in Hinduism, depending on which of its two Hindi pronunciations are used. 'Nilesh' means 'the Blue God', and is one of the alternate names for Vishnu, \"\"The Preserver.\"\" Later, the name was also used to refer to Shiva, \"\"The Destroyer of Evil\"\", \"\"The King.\"\" The name is a combination (\"\"sandhi\"\") of two words: Neel (\"\"blue\"\") and Ish (\"\"Lord\"\" or \"\"God\"\"). Ish or Esh is also a Sanskrit word for head. Hence, the name can also be interpreted as 'Blue Head,'", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 23 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15577503", "chunk_text": "Crore\nCrore A crore (; abbreviated cr) or kodi denotes ten million (10,000,000 or 10 in scientific notation) and is equal to 100 \"\"lakh\"\" in the Indian numbering system as 1,00,00,000 with the local style of digit group separators (a \"\"lakh\"\" is equal to one hundred thousand and is written as 1,00,000). Large amounts of money in India, Pakistan, Bangladesh and Nepal are often written in terms of \"\"crores\"\". For example, 150,000,000 (one hundred and fifty million) is written as 'fifteen \"\"crore\"\" rupees', '15crore' or 'Rs 15 crore'. Trillions (in the short scale) of money are often written or spoken of", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 24 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "600885", "chunk_text": "\"Kalaw Lagaw Ya\"\n\"\"z\"\" Established in the late 1970s: \"\"a\"\", \"\"b\"\", \"\"d\"\" (alveolar), \"\"dh\"\" (dental), \"\"e\"\", \"\"g\"\", \"\"i\"\", \"\"k\"\", \"\"l\"\", \"\"m\"\", \"\"n\"\", \"\"ng\"\", \"\"o\"\", \"\"oe\"\" (), \"\"p\"\", \"\"r\"\", \"\"s\"\", \"\"t\"\" (alveolar), \"\"th\"\" (dental), \"\"u\"\", \"\"w\"\", \"\"y\"\", \"\"z\"\" (vowel length, though it exists, is rarely represented). People not only use these three slightly differing spelling systems, but also write words more or less as they pronounce them. Words are therefore often spelt in various ways, for example \"\"sena/sina\"\" 'that, there', \"\"kothai/kothay/kothei/kothey/kothe\"\" 'back of head, occiput'. Such variation depends on age, family, island, village and other factors such as poetic speech. It can be difficult", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 25 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5958675", "chunk_text": "Lakshagraha\nLakshagraha Lakshagraha or Lakshagriha () (The House of Lacquer) is a chapter or \"\"parva\"\" from the \"\"Mahabharata\"\", one of the two major Sanskrit epics of ancient India, the other being the Ramayana. This house was built under the orders of Duryodhana and his evil uncle and mentor Shakuni in a plot to kill the Pandavas along with their mother Kunti. The architect Purochana was employed in the building of Lakshagraha in the forest of Varnavrat. The house was meant to be a death trap, since lacquer is highly flammable. The plot itself was such that nobody would suspect foul play", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 26 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13777296", "chunk_text": "Lacquer\nthe archaic French word \"\"lacre\"\" \"\"a kind of sealing wax\"\", from Portuguese \"\"lacre\"\", itself an unexplained variant of Medieval Latin \"\"lacca\"\" \"\"resinous substance\"\" from Arabic \"\"lakk\"\", from Persian \"\"lak\"\", from Hindi \"\"lakh\"\" (Prakrit \"\"lakkha\"\"). These ultimately derive from Sanskrit \"\"lākshā\"\" (लाक्षा), which was used for both the Lac insect and the scarlet resinous secretion it produces that was used as wood finish. Lac resin was once imported in sizeable quantity into Europe from India along with Eastern woods. Lacquer sheen is a measurement of the shine for a given lacquer. Different manufacturers have their own names and standards for their", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 27 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13505912", "chunk_text": "Sinha\nSinha Sinha is a Sanskrit term, it originates in the Indian subcontinent, common in India, Sri Lanka, Bangladesh and Pakistan, covering south Asia. It comes from the Sanskrit word \"\"Siṃha\"\" ('ng' sound), which means 'Lion' or a Brave Person. In Sri Lanka, the term 'Sinha' (or Siha / Sinhe / Singhe / Singha / Singho) have commonly been used by the Sinhalese (or Sinhala). When it comes to the term 'Sinhala' itself, the first part of the word, 'Sinha' stands for lion while 'la' or 'le' stands for blood, giving the meaning 'Lions blood'. The word Simhmam (or Singam /", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 28 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5886448", "chunk_text": "\"Lathi khela\"\nLathi khela Lathi khela () is a traditional Bangladeshi martial art – a kind of stick fighting practised mainly in Bangladesh. A practitioner is known as a \"\"lathial\"\". The word \"\"lathi\"\" is the Bengali word meaning stick, while \"\"khela\"\" means a sport or game. Therefore, \"\"lathi khela\"\" translates as a game of sticks. The lathi is normally made of the male bamboo and sometimes bound at short intervals with iron rings. A typical lathi measures 6 to 8 feet (2 to 2.4 m). Some, called bari, are shorter and may be wielded like a baton or bludgeon. In the past,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 29 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10465741", "chunk_text": "Minicoy\nsuch as a hundred thousand in the decimal system. Clearly, therefore, twelve thousand was the figurative duodecimal equivalent of the decimal a hundred thousand. Even today in Maldive and Maliku speech, terms such as \"\"lakka duvas\"\" (a hundred thousand days) are used to refer to a huge number- in this case, a huge number of days (or time). Until the 16th Century, the Laccadives appear to have been under the suzerainty of the Kolathiri Raja of Chirakkal in what is now the Indian state of Kerala. With the Portuguese ascendancy in the region, it became necessary for the Kolathiri to", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 30 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15577504", "chunk_text": "Crore\nin terms of \"\"lakh crore\"\". For example, \"\"one trillion rupees\"\" is:<br> \"\"Lakh\"\" is also used in Sri Lanka; however, most Sri Lankans use the term \"\"koatiya\"\" () or \"\"koti\"\" () for \"\"crore\"\" when referring to money. The word \"\"crore\"\" is a borrowing from the Prakrit word \"\"kroḍi\"\", is in turn from the Sanskrit \"\"koṭi\"\", denoting ten million in the Indian numbering system, which has separate terms for most powers of ten from 10 up to 10. The \"\"crore\"\" is known by various regional names. Crore A crore (; abbreviated cr) or kodi denotes ten million (10,000,000 or 10 in scientific", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 31 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4058621", "chunk_text": "-lock\nof the suffix is the same as that of the noun \"\"lác\"\" 'play, sport,' but also 'sacrifice, offering,' corresponding to obsolete Modern English \"\"lake\"\" (dialectal \"\"laik\"\") 'sport, fun, glee, game,' cognate to Gothic \"\"laiks\"\" 'dance,' Old Norse \"\"leikr\"\" 'game, sport' (origin of English \"\"lark\"\" 'play, joke, folly') and Old High German \"\"leih\"\" 'play, song, melody.' Ultimately, the word descends from Proto-Germanic \"\"laikaz\"\". Old English \"\"lícian\"\" ('to please,' Modern English \"\"like\"\") is from the same root. In modern English, the noun has been reintroduced through the cognate Swedish \"\"lek\"\" as a specialist term referring to mating behavior. Thus, the suffix originates", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 32 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11830185", "chunk_text": "Lakhipur\nLakhipur Lakhipur (IPA: ˈlækɪˌpʊə), is a town and a Municipal Board in Cachar district in the Indian state of Assam. The name \"\"Lakhipur\"\" is said to be very ancient. Two schools of opinion on the origin of its name exist. According to one school of opinion, the name relates to Lakshmi, the Hindu Goddess of wealth. Another school of opinion says that the place was named after notable Dimasa Kachari King \"\"Laxminarayan\"\" who ruled this part of the country in ancient times. Lakhipur is located at . It has an average elevation of 22 metres (72 feet). India census, Lakhipur", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 33 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16635009", "chunk_text": "Lataraha\nnumber. There was only one Brahmin family twenty years back. The local language is a variant of Maithili popularly called Thethi Bhasha. Maithili is considered the language of the educated class while Thethi is the language of the common people. It is connected with Darbhanga district by road. The nearest railway station is at Jogiyara (5 km). It comes under Jalley Assembly Constituency and Madhubani Parliamentary constituency. Lataraha is surrounded by Bokhra Block towards west, Nanpur Block towards west, Puri Block towards North, Bisfi Block towards East. Darbhanga, Sitamarhi, Madhubani, Sheohar are the nearby towns. Lataraha Lataraha is a small", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 34 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13958725", "chunk_text": "Balbodh\nBalbodh balabodha (, , , Translation: Understood by Children) is a slightly modified style of the Devanagari script used to write the Marathi language and the Korku language. What sets balabodha apart from the Devananagari script used for other languages is the more frequent and regular use of both ळ /ɭ/ (retroflex lateral approximant) and र्‍ (called the eyelash reph/raphar). The word balabodha is a combination of the words ‘बाळ’ /baːɭ/ and ‘बोध’ /boːd̪ʱ/. ‘बाळ’ is a neuter noun derived from the Sanskrit word \"\"bāla\"\" \"\"child\"\". ‘बोध’ is a male noun and a tatsama meaning \"\"perception\"\". As far as the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 35 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5318439", "chunk_text": "\"Indian English\"\nScouse and Welsh English. The Indian numbering system is preferred for digit grouping. When written in words, or when spoken, numbers less than 100,000/100 000 are expressed just as they are in Standard English. Numbers including and beyond 100,000 / 100 000 are expressed in a subset of the Indian numbering system. Thus, the following scale is used: Larger numbers are generally expressed as multiples of the above (for example, one lakh crores for one trillion). Indian English has political, sociological, and administrative terms of modern India: dharna, hartal, eve-teasing, vote bank, swaraj, swadeshi, scheduled caste, scheduled tribe, NRI; it", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 36 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5381199", "chunk_text": "Lakhera\nLakheri, Lakeri in Maharashtra. In Pandharpur (Dist-Solapur, Maharshtra) They sells Bangels made by Lakh. So they are called as Lakheri. The main goddess of this caste is Sati Mata (that is, Shree Chena Mata and Kushla Mata) and Rupji Maharaj. There are many gotra and sub gotra are in lakhera caste normally bangle making and selling is the main business of lakherass. The Lakhera community consists of a number of clans, the main ones being the Hatadiya (gahlot, rana), Chouhan (different from Chauhan they are rajput generally known as thakur), Bhati, Nainvaya, Bagdi (rathod), Nagoriya, Parihar, Solanki, Garhwali, Kethuniya and", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 37 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16155361", "chunk_text": "Lac\nsoluble material. The resulting product is known as seedlac. The prefix \"\"seed\"\" refers to its pellet shape. Seedlac which still contains 3–5% impurities is processed into shellac by heat treatment or solvent extraction. The leading producer of lac is Jharkhand, followed by the Chhattisgarh, West Bengal, and Maharashtra states of India. Lac production is also found in Bangladesh, Myanmar, Thailand, Laos, Vietnam, parts of China, and Mexico. The word \"\"lac\"\" is derived from the Sanskrit word \"\"lāksh\"\"ā' (लाक्षा), which represents the number 100,000. It was used for both the lac insect (because of their enormous number) and the scarlet resinous", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 38 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20448477", "chunk_text": "Lakshmana\nLakshmana Lakshmana (, IAST: lakṣmaṇa, lit. \"\"he who has the signs of fortune\"\"), also spelled as Laxman or Lakhan, is the younger brother of Rama and his aide in the Hindu epic, the Ramayana. He is also known by other names- Saumitra (, IAST: saumitra, lit. \"\"son of Sumitra\"\"), Ramanuja (, IAST: rāmānuja, lit. \"\"younger brother of Rama\"\") and Bharatanuja (, IAST: bharatānuja, lit. \"\"younger brother of Bharata\"\") or Laxman. Lakshmana is the twin brother of Shatrughna. According to the \"\"Valmiki Ramayana\"\", Lakshmana is one quarter (25%) component of the manifestation of Lord Vishnu and is considered to be an", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 39 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19914474", "chunk_text": "\"Lakshmeshwar Singh\"\na traditional Indian education from a Sanskrit Pandit, one of his uncles, a Maulvi and a Bengali gentleman. During the period when Lakshmeshwar Singh was under the guardianship of the Court of Wards, he received a monthly allowance of Rs.5 a month even though the annual income of his estate was equivalent to a six digit figure in pounds sterling. On attaining his majority, Lakshmeshwar Singh devoted himself entirely to public duties of his position. He was appointed and served as a Member of the Legislative Council of the Viceroy, and took a leading part in the debates of that", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 40 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3217590", "chunk_text": "\"Myanmar English\"\nsuch as \"\"vitamin\"\" . Burmese English is non-rhotic. For units of measurement Burmese English use both those of the Imperial System and those of the International System of Units interchangeably, but the values correspond to the SI system. Burmese English continues to use Indian numerical units such as lakh and crore. In Burmese English, the k, p, and t consonants are unaspirated (pronounced ), as a general rule, as in Indian English. The following are commonly seen pronunciation differences between Standard English and Burmese English: Burmese names represented in English often include various honorifics, most commonly \"\"U\"\", \"\"Daw\"\", and \"\"Sayadaw\"\".", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 41 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9947819", "chunk_text": "\"Lak language\"\nLak Language\"\". It stated under the title \"\"Lak alphabet\"\": \"\"The proposed alphabet is written for people who name themselves collectively Lak, genitive Lakral. From among these people each one is named separately Lakkuchu 'Lakian man,' the woman — Lakkusharssa 'Lakian woman.' Their homeland they name Lakral kIanu — 'Lak place.'\"\" Lak has throughout the centuries adopted a number of loanwords from Arabic, Turkish, Persian, and Russian. Ever since Dagestan was part of the USSR and later Russia, the largest portion of loanwords have come from Russian, especially political and technical vocabulary. There is a newspaper and broadcasting station in Lak", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 42 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8472069", "chunk_text": "\"Lahar, India\"\nLahar, India Lahar is a town and a Nagar Panchayat in Bhind district in the Indian state of Madhya Pradesh. Lahar is located at . It has an average elevation of 275 metres (902 feet). Sports facilities in Lahar including a cricket stadium named after Indira Gandhi. The history of Lahar can be traced back to the Mahabharat era. It is said that the famous Lakchhagrih, (a palace built up of Lakh, which is a highly inflammable material), was built by the Kauravas for Pandavas at the end of their exile. As the legend goes, Kaurav wanted to kill Pandavas", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 43 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9354477", "chunk_text": "\"American and British English spelling differences\"\na hypercorrection as \"\"till\"\" predates the use of \"\"until\"\"); and others where the connection is not clear or the monosyllabic cognate is not in common use in American English (e.g., \"\"null\"\" is used mainly as a technical term in law, mathematics, and computer science). In the UK, a single \"\"l\"\" is generally preferred in \"\"distil(l)\"\", \"\"instil(l)\"\", \"\"enrol(l)\"\", and \"\"enthral(l)ment\"\", and \"\"enthral(l)\"\", although \"\"ll\"\" was formerly used; these are always spelled with \"\"ll\"\" in American usage. The former British spellings \"\"instal\"\", \"\"fulness\"\", and \"\"dulness\"\" are now quite rare. The Scottish \"\"tolbooth\"\" is cognate with \"\"tollbooth\"\", but it has a distinct meaning.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 44 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12252862", "chunk_text": "\"Laryngeal theory\"\n(zero grade); Skt. \"\"prathimán\"\"- \"\"wideness\"\" (full grade), Greek \"\"platamṓn\"\" \"\"flat stone\"\". The laryngeal explains (a) the change of \"\"t\"\" to \"\"th\"\" in Proto-Indo-Iranian, (b) the correspondence between Greek -\"\"a\"\"-, Sanskrit -\"\"i\"\"- and no vowel in Avestan (Avestan \"\"pərəθwī\"\" \"\"broad\"\" fem. in two syllables vs Sanskrit \"\"pṛthivī\"\"- in three). Stray laryngeals can be found in isolated or seemingly isolated forms; here the three-way Greek reflexes of syllabic \"\"h₁, h₂, h₃\"\" are particularly helpful, as seen below. (Comments on the forms follow.) The Greek forms \"\"ánemos\"\" and\"\" árotron\"\" are particularly valuable because the verb roots in question are extinct in Greek as", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 45 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11590134", "chunk_text": "Lucknow\nin the state. \"\"Lucknow\"\" is the anglicised spelling of the local pronunciation \"\"Lakhnau\"\". According to one legend, the city is named after Lakshmana, a hero of the ancient Hindu epic \"\"Ramayana\"\". The legend states that Lakshmana had a palace or an estate in the area, which was called \"\"Lakshmanapuri\"\" (Sanskrit: लक्ष्मणपुरी, lit. \"\"Lakshmana's city\"\"). However, the Dalit movement believes that Lakhan Pasi, a dalit ruler, was the settler of the city and is named after him. The settlement came to be known as Lakhanpur (or Lachhmanpur) by the 11th century, and later, Lucknow. A similar theory states that the city", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 46 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17597499", "chunk_text": "\"Desh Vibhag Lekh\"\nDesh Vibhag Lekh The Desh Vibhag Lekh is the last and final lekh (testament) of Sahajanand Swami or Swaminarayan. It was dictated by Sahajanand Swami himself and written by Sadhu Shukmuni in the Darbar of Khachar Dada Ebhal at Gadhada in the year 1826. It was translated into English by Geo. P Taylor in 1903. It has been accepted as such by the Bombay High Court as valid document. The Lekh has 30 articles, which give the following directions: This document has been produced in the Indian Courts of Justice, time and again when individuals have challenged the Acharyas’ rightful", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 47 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9954618", "chunk_text": "\"Lakhon chatri\"\nincantation backwards and moves in a clockwise circle, called Khlai Yan (\"\"undoing the spell\"\"), to undo the spell. Lakhon chatri Lakhon chatri (, ) is a genre of dance-drama from Central Thailand and is closely related to the Nora of Southern Thailand. The word \"\"chatri\"\" has been derived from Sanskrit \"\"kshatriya\"\" which means a member of the Hindu royal and warrior class above Vaisyas and below the Brahmans. Lakhon Chatri presents the story of the kings. Most Thai cultural historians agree that the Lakhon Chatri, defined by women who speak their lines with a lively musical accompaniment, and which features", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 48 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13822846", "chunk_text": "Lahnda\nLahnda Lahnda () also known as Lahndi or Western Punjabi (, is a group of north-western Indo-Aryan language varieties spoken in Pakistani Punjab and in parts of the neighbouring Azad Kashmir and Khyber Pakhtunkhwa. These terms are exonyms and are not used by the speakers themselves. The emerging languages of this dialect area are Saraiki, Hindko and Pothohari. The validity of Lahnda as a genetic grouping has not been established. \"\"Lahnda\"\" means \"\"western\"\" in Punjabi. It was coined by William St. Clair Tisdall (in the form \"\"Lahindā\"\") probably around 1890 and later adopted by a number of linguists — notably", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 49 } ]
test_3484	who won last year's grand national 2017?	n/a	[ "One For Arthur" ]	[]	n/a	n/a	n/a	[]	[ { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1559214", "chunk_text": "\"2017 Grand National\"\nfor the first time. There was live radio coverage by BBC Radio, which has held the radio rights since 1927, and by Talksport, which covered the main race live for the fourth time. The race was won by One For Arthur, only the second horse trained in Scotland to win the Grand National (the other being Rubstic in 1979). One For Arthur was ridden by Derek Fox and trained by Lucinda Russell, and was sent off at odds of . A total of 110 entries were received for consideration in the 2017 Grand National and were announced on 1 February", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 0 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1559221", "chunk_text": "\"2017 Grand National\"\nterrestrial television in the UK. The race was broadcast live on TV by ITV. This was the first year that ITV broadcast the race live, following the decision by Channel 4 to drop the event and horse racing in general in 2016. The coverage was led by Ed Chamberlin. Retired champion jockey Sir Anthony McCoy and Mick Fitzgerald provided expert opinions throughout the coverage, with reports from Brough Scott, Luke Harvey, Oli Bell and Alice Plunkett and betting updates by Matt Chapman. The commentary team was Mark Johnson, Ian Bartlett and Richard Hoiles, who called the winner home for the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 1 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18243468", "chunk_text": "\"2017 Grand National\"\n2017. Among the early favourites were Don Poli, who won three Grade 1 races in the 2015–16 season, and 2016 National runner-up The Last Samuri. The 2015 winner, Many Clouds, who was also among the ante-post favourites, died of a pulmonary haemorrhage shortly before the entries were announced. The weights were announced on 14 February and headed by Lexus Chase winner Outlander, however, trainer Gordon Elliott indicated that he would not run. The top five weighted horses were all Irish-trained, including three by Elliott. One runner (Otago Trail) was scratched before the weights were assigned. Ninety-five entries remained after the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 2 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18243469", "chunk_text": "\"2017 Grand National\"\nfirst scratching deadline on 28 February. Elliott, who had earlier expressed his dissatisfaction with the weights assigned to his horses, withdrew several of his entries, including Outlander, Empire of Dirt and Don Poli, leaving Carlingford Lough as the new top weight. Vieux Lion Rouge, who won the Grand National Trial at Haydock, was now the favourite with the bookmakers, at 12/1. The field was reduced to 79 following the second scratching deadline on 21 March. The five-day confirmation process began on 3 April with 70 horses advancing, following the withdrawal of top-weight Carlingford Lough. The final field was announced on", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 3 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16918998", "chunk_text": "\"2018 Grand National\"\n2018 Grand National The 2018 Grand National (officially, the Randox Health 2018 Grand National) was the 171st annual running of the Grand National horse race at Aintree Racecourse near Liverpool, England. The showpiece steeplechase was the pinnacle of a three-day festival which commenced on 12 April 2018. The event was sponsored by Randox Health for the second time. The race was won by shot Tiger Roll, ridden by Davy Russell, in a photo finish from Pleasant Company. All 38 runners returned to the stables, although Saint Are required veterinary attention on the course and Charlie Deutsch, riding Houblon Des Obeaux,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 4 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1559213", "chunk_text": "\"2017 Grand National\"\n2017 Grand National The 2017 Grand National (officially known as the 2017 Randox Health Grand National for sponsorship reasons) was the 170th official running of the Grand National horse race at Aintree Racecourse near Liverpool, England. The showpiece steeplechase over a distance of took place on 8 April 2017, the final day of a three-day meeting. A maximum field of 40 runners competed for a share of a prize fund of £1 million. Randox Health is the new sponsor of the main race and the festival itself for the next five years. It was broadcast live on television by ITV", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 5 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11428489", "chunk_text": "\"2016 Grand National\"\n2016 Grand National The 2016 Grand National (officially known as the 2016 Crabbie's Grand National for sponsorship reasons) was the 169th annual running of the Grand National horse race at Aintree Racecourse near Liverpool, England. The showpiece steeplechase took place on 9 April 2016, the final day of a three-day meeting. A field of 39 runners competed for a share of a prize fund of £1 million. The 2016 National was won by shot Rule The World, ridden by David Mullins and trained by Mouse Morris. In second place was the joint-favourite The Last Samuri. Sixteen of the 39 runners", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 6 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16919003", "chunk_text": "\"2018 Grand National\"\nCode on Sports and Other Listed and Designated Events, it must be shown on free-to-air terrestrial television in the UK. The race was broadcast live on TV by ITV, in the second year of its four-year deal as the exclusive terrestrial broadcaster of horse racing in the UK. The coverage was co-anchored by Ed Chamberlin and Francesca Cumani. Analysis was provided by former Grand National winning jockeys Sir Anthony McCoy, Mick Fitzgerald and Ruby Walsh, the latter having been ruled out the Aintree meeting through injury. Reports were provided by Oli Bell, Alice Plunkett and Luke Harvey with updates from", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 7 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11428498", "chunk_text": "\"2016 Grand National\"\nof 1.1 million on the previous year, and attracted a 59% share of the television audience. 2016 Grand National The 2016 Grand National (officially known as the 2016 Crabbie's Grand National for sponsorship reasons) was the 169th annual running of the Grand National horse race at Aintree Racecourse near Liverpool, England. The showpiece steeplechase took place on 9 April 2016, the final day of a three-day meeting. A field of 39 runners competed for a share of a prize fund of £1 million. The 2016 National was won by shot Rule The World, ridden by David Mullins and trained by", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 8 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18243476", "chunk_text": "\"2017 Grand National\"\nfirst time in his terrestrial television commentary career. 2017 Grand National The 2017 Grand National (officially known as the 2017 Randox Health Grand National for sponsorship reasons) was the 170th official running of the Grand National horse race at Aintree Racecourse near Liverpool, England. The showpiece steeplechase over a distance of took place on 8 April 2017, the final day of a three-day meeting. A maximum field of 40 runners competed for a share of a prize fund of £1 million. Randox Health is the new sponsor of the main race and the festival itself for the next five years.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 9 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18481435", "chunk_text": "\"Grand National\"\nGrand National in over 140 countries. It has also been broadcast on radio since 1927; BBC Radio held exclusive rights until 2013, however, Talksport also now holds radio commentary rights. The most recent running of the race, in 2018, was won by Tiger Roll ridden by jockey Davy Russell for trainer Gordon Elliott. The next Grand National meeting will start on 4 April 2019 and finish on 6 April 2019. As of 2017, the race and accompanying festival are sponsored by Randox Health. The Grand National was founded by William Lynn, a syndicate head and proprietor of the Waterloo Hotel,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 10 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11428496", "chunk_text": "\"2016 Grand National\"\nand is listed on the Ofcom Code on Sports and Other Listed and Designated Events, it must be shown on free-to-air terrestrial television in the UK. The race was broadcast live on TV by Channel 4, as part of their four-year deal for the race secured back in 2012. This was the final year that Channel 4 broadcast the race live, after ITV secured the rights from 2017 onwards. The coverage was led by Clare Balding and Nick Luck, supported by Emma Spencer, Jim McGrath and Graham Cunningham in the trackside studio. Retired champion jockey Sir Anthony McCoy provided expert", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 11 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16919004", "chunk_text": "\"2018 Grand National\"\nthe betting ring by Matt Chapman and Brian Gleeson. The commentary team was Mark Johnson, Ian Bartlett and Richard Hoiles. 2018 Grand National The 2018 Grand National (officially, the Randox Health 2018 Grand National) was the 171st annual running of the Grand National horse race at Aintree Racecourse near Liverpool, England. The showpiece steeplechase was the pinnacle of a three-day festival which commenced on 12 April 2018. The event was sponsored by Randox Health for the second time. The race was won by shot Tiger Roll, ridden by Davy Russell, in a photo finish from Pleasant Company. All 38 runners", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 12 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "743278", "chunk_text": "\"2017 Grand National\"\nfinish line four-and-a-half lengths ahead of Cause of Causes in second, with three-and-a-half lengths back to Saint Are who ran on well to clinch third by half-a-length from Blaklion. There were no fatalities and all 40 runners returned safely to the stables. The 19 horses to complete the course finished as follows: The runners who failed to complete were as follows: As the Grand National is accorded the status of an event of national interest in the United Kingdom and is listed on the Ofcom Code on Sports and Other Listed and Designated Events, it must be shown on free-to-air", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 13 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18243470", "chunk_text": "\"2017 Grand National\"\n6 April, including four reserves in case of any withdrawals before 1 pm on 7 April. One of the top 40 horses going into the confirmation stage (Pendra) withdrew. There were no further withdrawals before the deadline, leaving the following 40 starters: Two false starts occurred before the race could get underway, the first caused by several horses running off too keenly and the second by The Young Master and Raz de Maree jumping the gun from a standing start. When the race eventually began properly, the 50/1 outsider Roi Des Francs led the field on the first circuit with", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 14 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2152588", "chunk_text": "\"Many Clouds\"\nwhere he was unsteady on his feet after previous races. In May 2017 the senior handicappers of Britain and Ireland named Many Clouds the leading staying steeplechaser of the 2016-17 season, rating him two pounds higher than Cheltenham Gold Cup winner Sizing John. Many Clouds Many Clouds (21 April 2007 – 28 January 2017) was an Irish-bred, British-trained Thoroughbred racehorse best known for winning the 2015 Grand National. After being sold as a foal, he was sent to England and trained for a National Hunt racing career by Oliver Sherwood. He won a National Hunt Flat race and two Novice", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 15 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11428497", "chunk_text": "\"2016 Grand National\"\nopinions throughout the coverage, with reports from Mick Fitzgerald and Alice Plunkett and betting updates by Tanya Stevenson and Brian Gleeson. The commentary team was by Richard Hoiles, Ian Bartlett and Simon Holt, who called the winner home for the final time. After the race, Luck, Fitzgerald and McCoy provided viewers with a fence-by-fence analysis of the race. Channel 4 ran all-day coverage from Aintree on the day of the race, with extended editions of \"\"The Morning Line\"\" and \"\"Weekend Brunch\"\" airing prior to the main broadcast. The coverage of the race was watched by 10 million viewers, an increase", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 16 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18243472", "chunk_text": "\"2017 Grand National\"\nWith two fences left to jump, Blaklion raced into a three-length lead over Rogue Angel, as Vieux Lion Rouge advanced into third and One For Arthur made significant progress through the field. At the second-last, One For Arthur jumped into the back of the leader Blaklion, with Cause of Causes and Gas Line Boy moving up to contest first place. The four were all stride-for-stride as they took the last fence, but One For Arthur jumped into the lead and accelerated to go three lengths clear at the elbow, increasing that advantage in the final furlong as he crossed the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 17 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16919002", "chunk_text": "\"2018 Grand National\"\nby a head. There were no fatalities, although Saint Are was treated by veterinarians after being brought down at The Chair. A few days later, Saint Are's retirement from racing was announced. Jockey Charlie Deutsch was kicked in the back by a horse following his fall at Becher's Brook, but recovered and rode a winner at Plumpton the following day. Twelve runners completed the course as follows: The runners who failed to complete were as follows: As the Grand National is accorded the status of an event of national interest in the United Kingdom and is listed on the Ofcom", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 18 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11428492", "chunk_text": "\"2016 Grand National\"\nthe 2015 winner and top-weight Many Clouds and The Last Samuri. The outsider Aachen led the field on the first circuit with Double Ross very prominent and The Last Samuri and Many Clouds close behind the leaders. The most notable early faller was the third-favourite Holywell at the second fence. The Romford Pele was in a handy position until falling at the Canal Turn. Silviniaco Conti was pulled up at the 14th whilst On His Own and Sir Des Champs, both trained by Willie Mullins, fell at The Chair. As the horses set out on the second circuit some of", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 19 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20723431", "chunk_text": "\"2014 Grand National\"\nproducer having taken over the sponsorship rights from John Smith's after the 2013 Grand National. The race was broadcast live on television by Channel 4 for the second time, having won the TV rights from the BBC after 2012, while the BBC retains the UK radio coverage rights it has held since 1927. Pineau de Re, a 25/1 shot ridden by Leighton Aspell, won the race for trainer Richard Newland and owner John Provan, to become the sixth French-bred horse to win the Grand National. Eighteen runners completed the course, and all returned safely to the stables. Entries for the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 20 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13647417", "chunk_text": "\"2015 Grand National\"\n2015 Grand National The 2015 Grand National (officially known as the 2015 Crabbie's Grand National for sponsorship reasons) was the 168th annual running of the Grand National horse race at Aintree Racecourse near Liverpool, England. The showpiece steeplechase took place on 11 April 2015, the final day of a three-day meeting. A field of 39 runners competed for a share of the £1 million prize fund, and all returned safely to the stables following the race. The 2015 National was won by Many Clouds, ridden by Leighton Aspell and trained by Oliver Sherwood. This was Aspell's second consecutive Grand National", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 21 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5108159", "chunk_text": "\"1985 Grand National\"\n1985 Grand National The 1985 Grand National (known as the Seagram Grand National for sponsorship reasons) was the 139th renewal of the Grand National horse race that took place at Aintree Racecourse near Liverpool, England, on 30 March 1985. The race was won by eleven-year-old, 50/1 outsider, Last Suspect, ridden by Hywel Davies in a time of 9 minutes 42.7 seconds for a prize of £54,314. The winner was owned by Anne, Duchess of Westminster and trained by Captain Tim Forster in Letcombe Bassett, Oxfordshire. Aintree chose this year to honour all of the surviving winning jockeys in National history.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 22 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17922434", "chunk_text": "\"1985 Grand National\"\nBradley responded that the criticisms were unfair, stating the horse merely landed too steeply at the first fence. 1985 Grand National The 1985 Grand National (known as the Seagram Grand National for sponsorship reasons) was the 139th renewal of the Grand National horse race that took place at Aintree Racecourse near Liverpool, England, on 30 March 1985. The race was won by eleven-year-old, 50/1 outsider, Last Suspect, ridden by Hywel Davies in a time of 9 minutes 42.7 seconds for a prize of £54,314. The winner was owned by Anne, Duchess of Westminster and trained by Captain Tim Forster in", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 23 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13647421", "chunk_text": "\"2015 Grand National\"\non the favourite Shutthefrontdoor on what was his last Grand National. He told the media he would retire immediately after the race if he won but his mount ran out of stamina on the home turn and eventually finished fifth. It was left to Many Clouds, ridden by Leighton Aspell, to come through to win the race. Aspell became the first rider to win successive Nationals since Brian Fletcher rode Red Rum to victory in 1973 and 1974. Saint Are finished second, with Monbeg Dude third, and Alvarado fourth for the second time. Pineau de Re, the previous year's winner", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 24 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11428490", "chunk_text": "\"2016 Grand National\"\ncompleted the race, held on the softest going since the 2001 race. The race was sponsored by ginger-beer producer Crabbie's for the third and final time. It was broadcast live on television by Channel 4 for the fourth year running; the TV rights move to ITV in 2017. There was live radio coverage by BBC Radio, which has held the radio rights since 1927, and by Talksport, which covered the main race live for the third time. A total of 126 entries were received for consideration in the 2016 Grand National, of which 96 remained after the second of two", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 25 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9518599", "chunk_text": "\"2018 Grand National\"\nwas treated on the track after a fall leading to Becher's Brook being bypassed on the second circuit. From an initial 105 entries, the final field of 40 runners was declared on 13 April. Two contenders, Regal Encore and Walk In The Mill, were withdrawn on the morning of the race, leaving 38 starters, the smallest field since 1999. 2018 also marked the first National for 30 years to feature three female jockeys in the line-up. 2012 third-placed jockey Katie Walsh paired Baie Des Iles for her sixth ride in the race, whilst Rachael Blackmore and Bryony Frost were both", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 26 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4515739", "chunk_text": "\"Grand National\"\nfirst to complete the course, in 1982. In 2012 Katie Walsh became the first female jockey to earn a placed finish in the race, finishing third. The 1900 winner Ambush II was owned by HRH Prince of Wales, later to become King Edward VII. In 1950 Queen Elizabeth, the Queen Mother had her first runner in the race in Monaveen, who finished fifth. Six years later she would witness her Devon Loch collapse on the run-in, just yards from a certain victory. The favourite for the 1968 race, Different Class, was owned by actor Gregory Peck. The 1963 winner Ayala", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 27 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2421727", "chunk_text": "\"1921 Grand National\"\n1921 Grand National The 1921 Grand National was the 80th renewal of the world-famous Grand National horse race that took place at Aintree Racecourse near Liverpool, England, on 18 March 1921. The race was won by Shaun Spadah, a 100/9 bet ridden by Fred Rees and trained by George Poole for owner Malcolm McAlpine. The winner was the only horse to complete the course without falling. In second place was The Bore, who remounted after falling at the second-last fence, having raced alongside the winner since Turkey Buzzard fell at Becher's Brook on the second circuit. All White and Turkey", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 28 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11428493", "chunk_text": "\"2016 Grand National\"\nthe early leaders began to fade and the 2015 runner-up Saint Are led the field, with The Last Samuri and Many Clouds disputing second. In the heavy conditions, several riders decided to pull their horses up rather than face Becher's a second time. Many Clouds went to the front at the 19th fence and raced alongside The Last Samuri for several fences before making a bad mistake at the 26th, after which he began to struggle under the top weight. The Last Samuri led the field into the final turn ahead of Morning Assembly and the 100/1 outsider Vics Canvas,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 29 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18482861", "chunk_text": "\"Grand National\"\nthe public the chance to ride in a flat race at Aintree on Grand National day. In total, thirty members of the public took part in the event before it was discontinued in 2010. In 2009, Mon Mome became the longest-priced winner of the National for 42 years when he defied outside odds of 100/1 to win by 12 lengths. The victory was also the first for trainer Venetia Williams, the first female trainer to triumph since Jenny Pitman in 1995. The race was also the first National ride for Liam Treadwell. In 2010 the National became the first horse", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 30 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9175487", "chunk_text": "\"Ladbrokes Trophy\"\nthe Whitbread Gold Cup, which was first run seven months before the \"\"Hennessy\"\", and which was sponsored by Whitbread until 2001. Ladbrokes were announced as the new race sponsor in February 2017. The race has been won by nine horses which have also won the Cheltenham Gold Cup. The most recent of these is Native River, the winner of the latter race in 2018. Many Clouds became the first horse to win both the Hennessy Gold Cup and the Grand National, in 2014 and 2015 respectively. Most successful horse (2 wins): Leading jockey (3 wins): Leading trainer (7 wins): Ladbrokes", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 31 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16966182", "chunk_text": "\"Tiger Roll\"\nthe Cheltenham Festival, the other two being the National Hunt Chase Challenge Cup in March 2017 with jockey Lisa O’Neill, and the Glenfarclas Cross Country Chase in March 2018 with jockey Keith Donoghue. By this time he had won a total of eight races and not fallen once in 30 starts. Tiger Roll, ridden by Davy Russell, won the 2018 Grand National at Aintree at odds of 10/1. He went into the lead two from home and held off a late challenge from Pleasant Company to win by a head in a photo-finish. The win brought his total earnings to", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 32 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2421728", "chunk_text": "\"1921 Grand National\"\nBuzzard were also remounted to finish third and fourth respectively. No other horses completed the race. Thirty-five horses ran and all returned safely to the stables. 1921 Grand National The 1921 Grand National was the 80th renewal of the world-famous Grand National horse race that took place at Aintree Racecourse near Liverpool, England, on 18 March 1921. The race was won by Shaun Spadah, a 100/9 bet ridden by Fred Rees and trained by George Poole for owner Malcolm McAlpine. The winner was the only horse to complete the course without falling. In second place was The Bore, who remounted", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 33 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18243471", "chunk_text": "\"2017 Grand National\"\nRogue Angel and Highland Lodge also prominent. The 10/1 second-favourite Definitly Red was pulled up at Valentine's, whilst Saphir Du Rheu fell at the 11th. As the horses rounded the turn to begin the second circuit, Roi Des Francs was carried out by a loose horse and rejoined the field in mid-division, leaving Rogue Angel as the new leader. Saint Are, Blaklion and Vieux Lion Rouge remained close behind the leaders. With five fences remaining, the 8/1 favourite Blaklion moved up to challenge Rogue Angel for the lead, with Saint Are going third and Cause of Causes coming into contention.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 34 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4515722", "chunk_text": "\"Grand National\"\nChair and Water Jump, to head onto a \"\"run-in\"\" to the finishing post. The run-in is not perfectly straight: an \"\"elbow\"\" requires jockeys to make a slight right before finding themselves truly on the home straight. It is on this run-in — one of the longest in the United Kingdom at — that many potential winners have had victory snatched away, such as Devon Loch in 1956, Crisp in 1973, What's Up Boys in 2002 and Sunnyhillboy in 2012. Leading horse: Leading jockey: Leading trainers: Leading owners: The following table lists the winners of the last ten Grand Nationals: When", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 35 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2390941", "chunk_text": "\"2017 Champion Hurdle\"\n2017 Champion Hurdle The 2017 Champion Hurdle was a horse race held at Cheltenham Racecourse on Tuesday 14 March 2017. It was the 87th running of the Champion Hurdle. Eleven horses started the race. The winner of the race was Buveur d'Air, a six year old French-bred British-trained racehorse ridden by Noel Fehily and trained by Nicky Henderson. The 5/1 winner was the 50th winner at Cheltenham for owner JP McManus. Yanworth was sent off as the 2/1 favourite after displaying the best form over 2 miles of the British contenders throughout the season, winning the Christmas Hurdle by over", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 36 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6102916", "chunk_text": "\"1927 Grand National\"\n1927 Grand National The 1927 Grand National was the 86th renewal of the world-famous Grand National horse race that took place at Aintree Racecourse near Liverpool, England, on 25 March 1927. The race was won by Sprig, the 8/1 favourite ridden by jockey Ted Leader. Leader's father, Tom, trained the winner. It was Sprig's third attempt at winning the National — his owner, Mary Partridge, having kept him in training in memory of her son who died in World War I. At Becher's Brook on the first circuit, Marsin and Lissett III fell and Silver Somme — a popular fancy", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 37 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16966180", "chunk_text": "\"Tiger Roll\"\nTiger Roll Tiger Roll is an Irish-bred Thoroughbred racehorse who competes in National Hunt racing and won the 2018 Grand National. Tiger Roll, by 2007 Epsom Derby winner Authorized out of Swiss Roll, was foaled 14 March 2010. He is a bay gelding with a white star and, at 15.2 hands, is small for a racehorse. He was bred in Ireland by Gerry O’Brien and bought as a foal by Godolphin for 70,000 guineas at Tattersalls. He never raced for Godolphin however and was sold three years later to Devon trainer Nigel Hawke for £10,000. In November 2013 he won", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 38 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11428495", "chunk_text": "\"2016 Grand National\"\nin third. Gilgamboa finished another two lengths behind in fourth, ahead of Goonyella, Ucello Conti, Vieux Lion Rouge, Morning Assembly and Shutthefrontdoor. Many Clouds was the last of the 16 finishers. All 39 runners returned to the stables with no major concerns. However, over the three days of the Grand National Festival a total of five horses died from injuries sustained during racing. The sixteen horses to complete the course finished as follows: The runners who failed to complete were as follow: As the Grand National is accorded the status of an event of national interest in the United Kingdom", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 39 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4513544", "chunk_text": "\"Grand National\"\nGrand National The Grand National is a National Hunt horse race held annually at Aintree Racecourse in Liverpool, England. First run in 1839, it is a handicap steeplechase over with horses jumping 30 fences over two laps. It is the most valuable jump race in Europe, with a prize fund of £1 million in 2017. An event that is prominent in British culture, the race is popular amongst many people who do not normally watch or bet on horse racing at other times of the year. The course over which the race is run features much larger fences than those", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 40 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1560708", "chunk_text": "\"Leighton Aspell\"\nagainst a field of 38 including his previous winner Pineau de Re. Pre-race, favourite A. P. McCoy had odds of 7-1 riding Shutthefrontdoor, Aspell had odds of 25-1. Aspell's victory makes him the first back-to-back Grand National winner in over 40 years since Red Rum with rider Brian Fletcher, and only the third since World War II, along with Bryan Marshall. Aspell stated after the race that \"\"that's the best ride I have had in the National\"\", his riding won £561,300 from the £1 million pot. Leighton Aspell Leighton Aspell (born 12 June 1976) is an Irish jockey, whose wins", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 41 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13647425", "chunk_text": "\"2015 Grand National\"\nwas Malcolm Tomlinson, Darren Owen, Gary O'Brien and John Hunt, who called the finish. 2015 Grand National The 2015 Grand National (officially known as the 2015 Crabbie's Grand National for sponsorship reasons) was the 168th annual running of the Grand National horse race at Aintree Racecourse near Liverpool, England. The showpiece steeplechase took place on 11 April 2015, the final day of a three-day meeting. A field of 39 runners competed for a share of the £1 million prize fund, and all returned safely to the stables following the race. The 2015 National was won by Many Clouds, ridden by", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 42 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16296395", "chunk_text": "\"2010 Grand National\"\nfall at the third fence. Schindlers Hunt's jockey Paddy Flood broke his collarbone in the fall; the other jockeys were unhurt. Coral bookmakers took the decision to refund bets placed on race-day for King John's Castle. The horse was bidding to become the first grey to win the National since 1961, but refused to run when the race started. Although under betting rules customers bets should have been classified as losers, Coral took the decision to make a goodwill refund gesture to their customers. Selected quotes from the jockeys including winner at the fifteenth attempt, Tony McCoy, 17-year-old Sam Twiston-Davies", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 43 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2390945", "chunk_text": "\"2017 Champion Hurdle\"\nand The New One. Yanworth started as the 2/1 favourite but never settled and finished seventh. 2017 Champion Hurdle The 2017 Champion Hurdle was a horse race held at Cheltenham Racecourse on Tuesday 14 March 2017. It was the 87th running of the Champion Hurdle. Eleven horses started the race. The winner of the race was Buveur d'Air, a six year old French-bred British-trained racehorse ridden by Noel Fehily and trained by Nicky Henderson. The 5/1 winner was the 50th winner at Cheltenham for owner JP McManus. Yanworth was sent off as the 2/1 favourite after displaying the best form", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 44 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17301555", "chunk_text": "\"Many Clouds\"\nMany Clouds Many Clouds (21 April 2007 – 28 January 2017) was an Irish-bred, British-trained Thoroughbred racehorse best known for winning the 2015 Grand National. After being sold as a foal, he was sent to England and trained for a National Hunt racing career by Oliver Sherwood. He won a National Hunt Flat race and two Novice hurdle races before moving to steeplechases as a six-year-old in the autumn of 2013. In his first season over fences, he won twice as well as finishing second in the Grade 2 Reynoldstown Novices' Chase and fourth in the Grade 1 Mildmay Novices'", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 45 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7943107", "chunk_text": "\"1992 Grand National\"\n1992 Grand National The 1992 Grand National (known as the Martell Grand National for sponsorship reasons) was the 146th renewal of the world-famous Grand National horse race that took place at Aintree Racecourse near Liverpool, England, on 4 April 1992. It was won in a time of nine minutes and 6.4 seconds, and by a distance of two-and-a-half lengths by 14/1 shot Party Politics, ridden by Welsh jockey Carl Llewellyn. The winner was trained by Nick Gaselee of Hungerford, Berkshire, and carried the colours of owner Patricia Thompson, pink with purple crossbelts, hooped sleeves and a purple cap. The winning", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 46 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8190188", "chunk_text": "\"2013 Grand National\"\nracing. Irish-trained Oscar Time and Welsh-trained Teaforthree led the field, with Auroras Encore emerging in third position. At the final fence, Paul Carberry pulled up Chicago Grey while Mumbles Head refused and two other horses unseated their riders. At the elbow on the 494-yard run-in, Auroras Encore had extended his lead over Teaforthree and Oscar Time, the latter fading and quickly overtaken by Cappa Bleu. At the line, the pairing of Auroras Encore and Ryan Mania – taking his first ride in the Grand National – won by a distance of nine lengths, Cappa Bleu pipped Teaforthree for second place,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 47 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12939858", "chunk_text": "\"2011 Grand National\"\nthree French-trained horses. Ten were trained by Paul Nicholls, including a leading contender in Niche Market; nine were handled by Irish trainer Willie Mullins, and three by Jonjo O'Neill, the trainer of last year's winner. Ballabriggs, another leading contender, was trained by Donald McCain, Jr., the son of Ginger McCain who trained Red Rum to three National victories in the 1970s and returned with another winner, Amberleigh House, in 2004. 20 contenders were withdrawn in the first scratchings. After a second scratchings deadline on 24 March 74 horses remained on the list of entrants, with the top weight handicap of", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 48 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7657734", "chunk_text": "\"2009 Grand National\"\n2009 Grand National The 2009 Grand National (known as the John Smith's Grand National for sponsorship reasons) was the 162nd running of the Grand National horse race that took place at Aintree Racecourse near Liverpool, England, on 4 April 2009. A 100/1 outsider, the French-bred Mon Mome, ridden by Liam Treadwell, won the race by 12 lengths from the previous year's winner Comply or Die (14/1) in a time of 9 minutes 34 seconds. Mon Mome became the first 100/1 shot to win since Foinavon in 1967. He also became the first winner of the race to have been bred", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 49 } ]
test_3485	where did the first persian gulf war take place?	n/a	[ "Israel", "Persian Gulf", "Saudi Arabia", "Iraq", "Kuwait" ]	[]	n/a	n/a	n/a	[]	[ { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3472047", "chunk_text": "\"Persian Gulf\"\nPersian Gulf The Persian Gulf (), is a mediterranean sea in Western Asia. The body of water is an extension of the Indian Ocean (Gulf of Oman) through the Strait of Hormuz and lies between Iran to the northeast and the Arabian Peninsula to the southwest. The Shatt al-Arab river delta forms the northwest shoreline. The Persian Gulf was a battlefield of the 1980–1988 Iran–Iraq War, in which each side attacked the other's oil tankers. It is the namesake of the 1991 Gulf War, the largely air- and land-based conflict that followed Iraq's invasion of Kuwait. The gulf has many", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 0 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16179443", "chunk_text": "\"Gulf War\"\nGulf War The Gulf War (2 August 199028 February 1991), codenamed Operation Desert Shield (2 August 199017 January 1991) for operations leading to the buildup of troops and defense of Saudi Arabia and Operation Desert Storm (17 January 199128 February 1991) in its combat phase, was a war waged by coalition forces from 35 nations led by the United States against Iraq in response to Iraq's invasion and annexation of Kuwait arising from oil pricing and production disputes. The war is also known under other names, such as the Persian Gulf War, First Gulf War, Gulf War I, Kuwait War,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 1 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3290504", "chunk_text": "\"Battle of Khafji\"\nas a modern example of the ability of air power to serve a supporting role to ground forces. It offered the Coalition an indication of the manner in which Operation Desert Storm would be fought, but also hinted at future friendly-fire casualties which accounted for nearly half of the U.S. dead. Battle of Khafji The Battle of Khafji was the first major ground engagement of the Persian Gulf War. It took place in and around the Saudi Arabian city of Khafji, from 29 January to 1 February 1991 and marked the culmination of the Coalition's air campaign over Kuwait and", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 2 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3290457", "chunk_text": "\"Battle of Khafji\"\nBattle of Khafji The Battle of Khafji was the first major ground engagement of the Persian Gulf War. It took place in and around the Saudi Arabian city of Khafji, from 29 January to 1 February 1991 and marked the culmination of the Coalition's air campaign over Kuwait and Iraq, which had begun on 17 January 1991. Iraqi leader Saddam Hussein, who had already tried and failed to draw Coalition troops into costly ground engagements by shelling Saudi Arabian positions and oil storage tanks and firing Scud surface-to-surface missiles at Israel, ordered the invasion of Saudi Arabia from southern Kuwait.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 3 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16179444", "chunk_text": "\"Gulf War\"\nFirst Iraq War or Iraq War, before the term \"\"Iraq War\"\" became identified instead with the 2003 Iraq War. The Iraqi Army's occupation of Kuwait that began 2 August 1990 was met with international condemnation and brought immediate economic sanctions against Iraq by members of the UN Security Council. Together with the UK's prime minister Margaret Thatcher—who had resisted the invasion by Argentina of the Falkland Islands a decade earlier—George H. W. Bush deployed US forces into Saudi Arabia, and urged other countries to send their own forces to the scene. An array of nations joined the coalition, forming the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 4 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6870509", "chunk_text": "\"Media coverage of the Gulf War\"\nMedia coverage of the Gulf War The Persian Gulf War (2 August 1990 – 28 February 1991), codenamed Operation Desert Storm (17 January 1991 – 28 February 1991) and commonly referred to as the Gulf War, was a war waged by a United Nations-authorized coalition force from 34 nations led by the United States against Iraq in response to Iraq's invasion and annexation of Kuwait. Media coverage of the Gulf War was significant for many reasons including CNN's live reporting from a Baghdad hotel, alternative and international coverage, and the use of images. The Persian Gulf War was a heavily", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 5 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10544228", "chunk_text": "\"Invasion of Kuwait\"\nis also a very strong US civilian presence with an estimated 18,000 American children in Kuwait being taught by 625 US teachers. Invasion of Kuwait The Invasion of Kuwait on 2 August 1990 was a two-day operation conducted by Iraq against the neighboring state of Kuwait, which resulted in the seven-month-long Iraqi occupation of the country. This invasion and Iraq's subsequent refusal to withdraw from Kuwait by a deadline mandated by the United Nations led to military intervention by a United Nations-authorized coalition of forces led by the United States. These events came to be known as the first Gulf", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 6 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10544184", "chunk_text": "\"Invasion of Kuwait\"\nInvasion of Kuwait The Invasion of Kuwait on 2 August 1990 was a two-day operation conducted by Iraq against the neighboring state of Kuwait, which resulted in the seven-month-long Iraqi occupation of the country. This invasion and Iraq's subsequent refusal to withdraw from Kuwait by a deadline mandated by the United Nations led to military intervention by a United Nations-authorized coalition of forces led by the United States. These events came to be known as the first Gulf War and resulted in the expulsion of Iraqi forces from Kuwait and the Iraqis setting 600 Kuwaiti oil wells on fire during", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 7 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13019381", "chunk_text": "\"Gulf War\"\nexpel Iraqi troops from Kuwait began with an aerial and naval bombardment on 17 January 1991, continuing for five weeks. This was followed by a ground assault on 24 February. This was a decisive victory for the coalition forces, who liberated Kuwait and advanced into Iraqi territory. The coalition ceased its advance and declared a ceasefire 100 hours after the ground campaign started. Aerial and ground combat was confined to Iraq, Kuwait, and areas on Saudi Arabia's border. Iraq launched Scud missiles against coalition military targets in Saudi Arabia and against Israel. Throughout the Cold War, Iraq had been an", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 8 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18046177", "chunk_text": "\"Opération Daguet\"\nOpération Daguet Opération Daguet (, \"\"Operation Brocket\"\") was the codename for French operations during the 1991 Gulf War. The conflict was between Iraq and a coalition force of approximately 30 nations led by the United States and mandated by the United Nations in order to liberate Kuwait. The lead up to the war began with the Iraqi invasion of Kuwait on 2 August 1990, following unproven Iraqi contentions that Kuwait was illegally \"\"slant-drilling\"\" oil across Iraq's border. The invasion was met with immediate economic sanctions by the United Nations against Iraq. After a period of diplomacy and coalition forces deploying", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 9 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8181104", "chunk_text": "\"National Desert Storm and Desert Shield War Memorial Act\"\n28 February 1991) was a war waged by coalition forces from 34 nations led by the United States against Iraq in response to Iraq's invasion and annexation of Kuwait. The war is also known under other names, such as the Persian Gulf War, First Gulf War, Gulf War I, Kuwait War, or the First Iraq War, before the term \"\"Iraq War\"\" became identified instead with the 2003 Iraq War (also referred to in the U.S. as \"\"Operation Iraqi Freedom\"\"). Kuwait's invasion by Iraqi troops that began 2 August 1990 was met with international condemnation, and brought immediate economic sanctions against", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 10 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "331096", "chunk_text": "\"Gulf War\"\nUS President Bush repeatedly compared Saddam Hussein to Hitler. The Gulf War began with an extensive aerial bombing campaign on 16 January 1991. For 42 consecutive days and nights, the coalition forces subjected Iraq to one of the most intensive air bombardments in military history. The coalition flew over 100,000 sorties, dropping 88,500 tons of bombs, and widely destroying military and civilian infrastructure. The air campaign was commanded by USAF Lieutenant General Chuck Horner, who briefly served as US Central Command's Commander-in-ChiefForward while General Schwarzkopf was still in the US. A day after the deadline set in Resolution 678, the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 11 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16295187", "chunk_text": "\"USS Iowa (BB-61)\"\nFleet and departed for operations in the North Sea. On 25 November, as part of Operation Earnest Will, \"\"Iowa\"\" transited the Suez Canal and set sail for the Persian Gulf, which at the time was one of the battlefields of the first Gulf War (also referred to as the Iran–Iraq War). The presence of US naval vessels in the gulf was in response to a formal petition from Kuwait, whose ships were being raided by Iranian forces who were attempting to cut off weapons shipments from the United States and Europe to Saddam Hussein's regime in Iraq, via Kuwaiti territory.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 12 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9987254", "chunk_text": "\"Gulf War\"\nattack into Iraq on 15 February 1991, followed by one in force on 20 February that led directly through seven Iraqi divisions which were caught off guard. On 17 January 1991 the 101st Airborne Division Aviation Regiment fired the first shots of the war when eight AH-64 helicopters successfully destroyed two Iraqi early warning radar sites. From 15–20 February, the Battle of Wadi Al-Batin took place inside Iraq; this was the first of two attacks by 1 Battalion 5th Cavalry of the 1st Cavalry Division. It was a feint attack, designed to make the Iraqis think that a coalition invasion", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 13 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16179500", "chunk_text": "\"Gulf War\"\nagainst Iran.\"\" Task Force 1-41 Infantry was a U.S. Army heavy battalion task force from the 2nd Armored Division (Forward). It was the spearhead of VII Corps. It consisted primarily of the 1st Battalion, 41st Infantry Regiment, 3rd Battalion, 66th Armor Regiment, and the 4th Battalion, 3rd Field Artillery Regiment. Task Force 1–41 was the first coalition force to breach the Saudi Arabian border on 15 February 1991 and conduct ground combat operations in Iraq engaging in direct and indirect fire fights with the enemy on 17 February 1991. Shortly after arrival in theatre Task Force 1–41 Infantry received a", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 14 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16179445", "chunk_text": "\"Gulf War\"\nlargest military alliance since World War II. The great majority of the coalition's military forces were from the US, with Saudi Arabia, the United Kingdom and Egypt as leading contributors, in that order. Kuwait and Saudi Arabia paid around US$32 billion of the US$60 billion cost. The war was marked by the introduction of live news broadcasts from the front lines of the battle, principally by the US network CNN. The war has also earned the nickname \"\"Video Game War\"\" after the daily broadcast of images from cameras on board US bombers during Operation Desert Storm. The initial conflict to", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 15 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10007160", "chunk_text": "\"Media coverage of the Gulf War\"\nof ABC's \"\"Nightline\"\" criticized the administration's policies stating, \"\"I'm not sure the public's interest is served by seeing what seems to have been such a painless war, when 50,000 to 100,000 people may have died on the other side.\"\" Media coverage of the Gulf War The Persian Gulf War (2 August 1990 – 28 February 1991), codenamed Operation Desert Storm (17 January 1991 – 28 February 1991) and commonly referred to as the Gulf War, was a war waged by a United Nations-authorized coalition force from 34 nations led by the United States against Iraq in response to Iraq's invasion", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 16 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "331097", "chunk_text": "\"Gulf War\"\ncoalition launched a massive air campaign, which began the general offensive codenamed Operation Desert Storm. The first priority was the destruction of Iraq's Air Force and anti-aircraft facilities. The sorties were launched mostly from Saudi Arabia and the six carrier battle groups (CVBG) in the Persian Gulf and Red Sea. The next targets were command and communication facilities. Saddam Hussein had closely micromanaged Iraqi forces in the Iran–Iraq War, and initiative at lower levels was discouraged. Coalition planners hoped that Iraqi resistance would quickly collapse if deprived of command and control. The air campaign's third and largest phase targeted military", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 17 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7828184", "chunk_text": "\"Gulf War oil spill\"\nGulf War oil spill The Gulf War oil spill was one of the largest oil spills in history, resulting from the Gulf War in 1991. The apparent strategic goal was to foil a potential landing by US Marines. It also made commandeering oil reserves dangerous for US forces as visibility and movement were inhibited. The immediate reports from Baghdad said that American air strikes had caused a discharge of oil from two tankers. Coalition forces determined the main source of oil to be the Sea Island terminal in Kuwait. On January 26, three US F-117 fighter-bombers destroyed pipelines to prevent", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 18 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13019460", "chunk_text": "\"Gulf War\"\nQatar, Romania, Saudi Arabia, Senegal, South Korea, Spain, Sweden, Syria, Turkey, United Arab Emirates, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, and the United States of America. Germany and Japan provided financial assistance and donated military hardware, although they did not send direct military assistance. This later became known as \"\"checkbook diplomacy\"\". Australia contributed a Naval Task Group, which formed part of the multi-national fleet in the Persian Gulf and Gulf of Oman, under Operation Damask. In addition, medical teams were deployed aboard a US hospital ship, and a naval clearance diving team took part in de-mining Kuwait's port", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 19 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15218307", "chunk_text": "\"Gulf War air campaign\"\nVice-Marshal Bill Wratten (from 17 November). The air campaign had largely finished by 23 February 1991 when the coalition invasion of Kuwait took place. The initial strikes were carried out by Tomahawk cruise missiles launched from warships situated in the Persian Gulf, by F-117A Nighthawk stealth bombers with an armament of laser-guided smart bombs, and by F-4G Wild Weasel aircraft armed with HARM anti-radar missiles. These first attacks allowed F-14, F-15, F-16, and F/A-18 fighter bombers to gain air superiority over Iraq and then continue to drop TGM-guided and laser-guided bombs. Armed with a GAU-8 rotary cannon and heat-seeking or", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 20 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12724279", "chunk_text": "\"Arab world\"\n(also known as the First Gulf War and by various other names) was an armed conflict between the armed forces of Iraq and Iran, lasting from September 1980 to August 1988, making it the second longest conventional war of the 20th century. It was initially referred to in English as the \"\"Gulf War\"\" prior to the \"\"Gulf War\"\" of 1990. The war began when Iraq invaded Iran, launching a simultaneous invasion by air and land into Iranian territory on 22 September 1980 following a long history of border disputes, and fears of Shia Islam insurgency among Iraq's long-suppressed Shia majority", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 21 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "331080", "chunk_text": "\"Gulf War\"\ndeclared Kuwait to be Iraq's 19th province and Saddam named his cousin, Ali Hassan Al-Majid, as its military-governor. The US Navy dispatched two naval battle groups built around the aircraft carriers USS \"\"Dwight D. Eisenhower\"\" and USS \"\"Independence\"\" to the Persian Gulf, where they were ready by 8 August. The US also sent the battleships USS \"\"Missouri\"\" and USS \"\"Wisconsin\"\" to the region. A total of 48 US Air Force F-15s from the 1st Fighter Wing at Langley Air Force Base, Virginia, landed in Saudi Arabia and immediately commenced round-the-clock air patrols of the Saudi–Kuwait–Iraq border to discourage further Iraqi", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 22 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13019412", "chunk_text": "\"Gulf War\"\naggression was formed, consisting of forces from 34 countries: Argentina, Australia, Bahrain, Bangladesh, Belgium, Canada, Denmark, Egypt, France, Greece, Italy, Kuwait, Morocco, Netherlands, New Zealand, Niger, Norway, Oman, Pakistan, Poland, Portugal, Qatar, South Korea, Saudi Arabia, Senegal, Sierra Leone, Singapore, Spain, Syria, the United Arab Emirates, the United Kingdom, and the US itself. It was the largest coalition since World War II. US Army General Norman Schwarzkopf, Jr. was designated to be the commander of the coalition forces in the Persian Gulf area. The Soviet Union also supported United States intervention. Although they did not contribute any forces, Japan and", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 23 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9987266", "chunk_text": "\"Gulf War\"\ncosts associated with it. In 1992, the US Defense Secretary during the war, Dick Cheney, made the same point: On 10 March 1991, 540,000 US troops began moving out of the Persian Gulf. On March 15, 1991, the US-led coalition restored to power Sheikh Jaber al-Ahmad al-Sabah, the unelected authoritarian ruler of Kuwait. Kuwaiti democracy advocates had been calling for restoration of Parliament that the Emir had suspended in 1986. Coalition members included Argentina, Australia, Bahrain, Bangladesh, Belgium, Canada, Czechoslovakia, Denmark, Egypt, France, Greece, Honduras, Hungary, Italy, Kuwait, Malaysia, Morocco, Netherlands, New Zealand, Niger, Norway, Oman, Pakistan, Philippines, Poland, Portugal,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 24 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9990275", "chunk_text": "\"Gulf War\"\nauthors have called it the \"\"Second Gulf War\"\" to distinguish it from the Iran–Iraq War. \"\"Liberation of Kuwait\"\" () (\"\"taḥrīr al-kuwayt\"\") is the term used by Kuwait and most of the coalition's Arab states, including Saudi Arabia, Bahrain, Egypt, and the United Arab Emirates. Terms in other languages include and (\"\"Gulf War\"\"); (\"\"Second Gulf War\"\"); (\"\"War of Kuwait\"\"). Most of the coalition states used various names for their operations and the war's operational phases. These are sometimes incorrectly used as the conflict's overall name, especially the US \"\"Desert Storm\"\": The US divided the conflict into three major campaigns: Precision-guided munitions", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 25 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "331063", "chunk_text": "\"Gulf War\"\nwith the bombing of Kuwait's capital, Kuwait City. At the time of the invasion, the Kuwaiti military was believed to have numbered 16,000 men, arranged into three armored, one mechanised infantry and one under-strength artillery brigade. The pre-war strength of the Kuwait Air Force was around 2,200 Kuwaiti personnel, with 80 fixed-wing aircraft and 40 helicopters. In spite of Iraqi saber rattling, Kuwait did not mobilize its force; the army had been stood down on 19 July, and at the time of the Iraqi invasion many Kuwaiti military personnel were on leave. By 1988, at the Iran–Iraq war's end, the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 26 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1029195", "chunk_text": "\"Persian Gulf\"\nwhich the Allies transported equipment to Russia against the Nazi invasion. From 1763 until 1971, the British Empire maintained varying degrees of political control over some of the Persian Gulf states, including the United Arab Emirates (originally called the Trucial States) and at various times Bahrain, Kuwait, Oman, and Qatar through the British Residency of the Persian Gulf. The United Kingdom maintains a high profile in the region to date; in 2006 alone, over 1 million British nationals visited Dubai. In 2014, the UK announced it will reestablish a permanent military base, HMS Jufair, in the Persian Gulf, the first", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 27 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "331142", "chunk_text": "\"Gulf War\"\nSaudis. In January, the Division was placed under the tactical control of the XVIII Airborne Corps. France also deployed several combat aircraft and naval units. The French called their contribution Opération Daguet. The United Kingdom committed the largest contingent of any European state that participated in the war's combat operations. Operation Granby was the code name for the operations in the Persian Gulf. British Army regiments (mainly with the 1st Armoured Division), Royal Air Force squadrons and Royal Navy vessels were mobilized in the Persian Gulf. The Royal Air Force, using various aircraft, operated from airbases in Saudi Arabia. The", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 28 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9990281", "chunk_text": "\"Gulf War\"\nPatriot delivered a \"\"miracle performance\"\" in the Gulf War. The Gulf War has been the subject of several video games including \"\"\"\", \"\"\"\" and \"\"\"\". There have also been numerous depictions in film including \"\"Jarhead\"\" (2005), which is based on U.S. Marine Anthony Swofford's 2003 memoir of the same name. Works cited Gulf War The Gulf War (2 August 199028 February 1991), codenamed Operation Desert Shield (2 August 199017 January 1991) for operations leading to the buildup of troops and defense of Saudi Arabia and Operation Desert Storm (17 January 199128 February 1991) in its combat phase, was a war", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 29 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11206955", "chunk_text": "\"Iran–Iraq War\"\nIran–Iraq War The Iran–Iraq War was an armed conflict between Iran and Iraq, beginning on 22 September 1980, when Iraq invaded Iran, and ending on 20 August 1988, when Iran accepted the UN-brokered ceasefire. Iraq wanted to replace Iran as the dominant Persian Gulf state, and was worried that the 1979 Iranian Revolution would lead Iraq's Shi'ite majority to rebel against the Ba'athist government. The war also followed a long history of border disputes, and Iraq planned to annex the oil-rich Khuzestan Province and the east bank of the Shatt al-Arab (Arvand Rud). Although Iraq hoped to take advantage of", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 30 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9990274", "chunk_text": "\"Gulf War\"\nstations. Local media outlets in cities across the USA screened similar oppositional media. The organization Fairness and Accuracy in Reporting (FAIR) critically analyzed media coverage during the war in various articles and books, such as the 1991 \"\"Gulf War Coverage: The Worst Censorship was at Home\"\". The following names have been used to describe the conflict itself: \"\"Gulf War\"\" and \"\"Persian Gulf War\"\" are the most common terms for the conflict used within western countries, though it may also be called the \"\"First Gulf War\"\" (to distinguish it from the 2003 invasion of Iraq and the subsequent Iraq War). Some", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 31 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13188877", "chunk_text": "\"First Battle of al-Faw\"\nFirst Battle of al-Faw The First Battle of al-Faw was a battle of the Iran–Iraq War, fought on the al-Faw Peninsula between 10 February and 10 March 1986. On February 9 1986, Iran launched Operation Dawn 8, a sophisticated and carefully planned amphibious assault across the Shatt al-Arab (Arvand Rud) river against the Iraqi troops defending the strategic al-Faw Peninsula, which connects Iraq to the Persian Gulf. The Iranians defeated the Iraqi defenders, mostly Iraqi Popular Army, capturing the tip of the peninsula, including Iraq's main air control and warning center covering Persian Gulf, as well as limiting Iraq's access", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 32 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13019495", "chunk_text": "\"Gulf War\"\nattack to keep US Marines from coming ashore (\"\"Missouri\"\" and \"\"Wisconsin\"\" had shelled Failaka Island during the war to reinforce the idea that there would be an amphibious assault attempt). About 30–40% of this came from allied raids on Iraqi coastal targets. The Kuwaiti oil fires were caused by the Iraqi military setting fire to 700 oil wells as part of a scorched earth policy while retreating from Kuwait in 1991 after conquering the country but being driven out by coalition forces. The fires started in January and February 1991, and the last one was extinguished by November. The resulting", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 33 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11206958", "chunk_text": "\"Iran–Iraq War\"\nneither reparations nor border changes. The Iran–Iraq War was originally referred to as the \"\"Gulf War\"\" until the Persian Gulf War of 1990 and 1991, after which it was known as the \"\"First Persian Gulf War\"\". The Iraq–Kuwait conflict, which was known as the \"\"Second Persian Gulf War,\"\" eventually became known simply as the \"\"Gulf War\"\". The Iraq War from 2003 to 2011 has been called the \"\"Second Persian Gulf War\"\". In Iran, the war is known as the \"\"Imposed War\"\" ( ') and the \"\"Holy Defense\"\" ( '). State media in Iraq dubbed the war \"\"Saddam's Qadisiyyah\"\" (, \"\"\"\"),", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 34 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4739251", "chunk_text": "\"Kuwait Military Forces\"\nKuwait in what became known as the Gulf War or First Persian Gulf War. Operation Desert Storm was launched by the coalition. Douglas A-4 Skyhawks of the Kuwait Air Force destroyed several Iraqi Naval ships trying to infiltrate into Bubiyan Island. The Kuwait Armed Forces commissioned and entered into service the M-84 battle tank during the attack on Iraqi forces in Saudi Arabia. After the four-week air campaign, coalition forces launched the ground offensive. They quickly penetrated deep into Iraq, with the Legion taking the Al Salman Airport, meeting little resistance. The war ended after a hundred hours of fighting", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 35 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1029194", "chunk_text": "\"Persian Gulf\"\nBaghdad, Midhat Pasha, the ruling Al Thani tribe submitted peacefully to Ottoman rule. The Ottomans were forced to withdraw from the area with the start of World War I and the need for troops in various other frontiers. In World War II, the Western Allies used Iran as a conduit to transport military and industrial supply to the USSR, through a pathway known historically as the \"\"Persian Corridor\"\". Britain utilized the Persian Gulf as the entry point for the supply chain in order to make use of the Trans-Iranian Railway. The Persian Gulf therefore became a critical maritime path through", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 36 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18046178", "chunk_text": "\"Opération Daguet\"\nto Saudi Arabia and other Gulf States, hostilities commenced with air operations on 17 January 1991, resulting in a decisive victory for the coalition forces, which drove Iraqi forces out of Kuwait with minimal coalition deaths. The main battles were aerial and ground combat within Iraq, Kuwait, and bordering areas of Saudi Arabia. The war did not expand outside the immediate Iraqi–Kuwaiti–Saudi border region, although Iraq fired missiles on Israeli cities. Soon after the invasion of Kuwait, France sent an additional frigate to augment the two French warships already in the Persian Gulf. Operation \"\"Salamandre\"\" launched with the deployment of", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 37 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13840607", "chunk_text": "Al-Faw\nAl-Faw Al-Faw (; sometimes transliterated as \"\"Fao\"\") is a port town on the Al Faw Peninsula in Iraq near the Shatt al-Arab and the Persian Gulf. The Al Faw Peninsula is part of the Basrah Governorate. The town lies at the south-east end of the Al-Faw Peninsula on the right bank of the Shatt al-Arab, a few kilometres away from the Persian Gulf. The town, as well as the whole Al-Faw Peninsula, was the scene of armed conflict during the World War I, the Iran–Iraq War, the Persian Gulf War, and the Iraq War due to its strategic position at", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 38 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19598222", "chunk_text": "\"Timeline of Gulf War (1990–1991)\"\nTimeline of Gulf War (1990–1991) The timeline of the Gulf War details the dates of the major events of the 1990–1991 war. It began with the Iraqi invasion of Kuwait on 2 August 1990 and ended with the Liberation of Kuwait by Coalition forces. Iraq subsequently agreed to the United Nations' demands on 28 February 1991. The war officially concluded with the signing of the armistice on 11 April 1991. Major events in the aftermath include anti-Saddam Hussein uprisings in Iraq, massacres against the Kurds by the regime, Iraq formally recognizing the sovereignty of Kuwait in 1994, and eventually ending", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 39 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16179447", "chunk_text": "\"Gulf War\"\nally of the Soviet Union, and there was a history of friction between it and the United States. The US was concerned with Iraq's position on Israeli–Palestinian politics. The US also disliked Iraqi support for many Arab and Palestinian militant groups such as Abu Nidal, which led to Iraq's inclusion on the developing US list of State Sponsors of Terrorism on 29 December 1979. The US remained officially neutral after Iraq's invasion of Iran in 1980, which became the Iran–Iraq War, although it provided resources, political support, and some \"\"non-military\"\" aircraft to Iraq. In March 1982, Iran began a successful", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 40 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6180658", "chunk_text": "\"Persian Gulf\"\npetrochemical industry. In 2002, the Persian Gulf nations of Bahrain, Iran, Iraq, Kuwait, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, and the UAE produced about 25% of the world's oil, held nearly two-thirds of the world's crude oil reserves, and about 35% of the world's natural gas reserves. The oil-rich countries (excluding Iraq) that have a coastline on the Persian Gulf are referred to as the \"\"Persian Gulf States\"\". Iraq's egress to the gulf is narrow and easily blockaded consisting of the marshy river delta of the Shatt al-Arab, which carries the waters of the Euphrates and the Tigris rivers, where the east bank", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 41 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9987255", "chunk_text": "\"Gulf War\"\nwould take place from the south. The Iraqis fiercely resisted, and the Americans eventually withdrew as planned back into the Wadi Al-Batin. Three US soldiers were killed and nine wounded, with one M2 Bradley IFV turret destroyed, but they had taken 40 prisoners and destroyed five tanks, and successfully deceived the Iraqis. This attack led the way for the XVIII Airborne Corps to sweep around behind the 1st Cav and attack Iraqi forces to the west. On 22 February 1991, Iraq agreed to a Soviet-proposed ceasefire agreement. The agreement called for Iraq to withdraw troops to pre-invasion positions within six", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 42 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14356282", "chunk_text": "\"Operation Friction\"\nthe war began on January 16, 1991, Canadian naval forces patrolled the central Persian Gulf. When hostilities commenced, Captain Duncan \"\"Dusty\"\" Miller, Commander of the Canadian Naval Task Group, became the multinational co-ordinator for a large naval combat logistics area established in the southern Persian Gulf. Two Canadian destroyers, and escorted the United States hospital ships, and , the latter with CF medical staff on board. , an auxiliary oil replenishment ship, serviced all nations involved in naval operations within the Gulf. Five Sikorsky CH-124 Sea King helicopters based at CFB Shearwater and CFB Patricia's Bay were also attached to", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 43 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9987296", "chunk_text": "\"Gulf War\"\nwas raped by one of her captors after the Black Hawk helicopter in which she was riding was shot down while searching for a downed F-16 pilot. Since the war, the US has had a continued presence of 5,000 troops stationed in Saudi Arabiaa figure that rose to 10,000 during the 2003 conflict in Iraq. Operation Southern Watch enforced the no-fly zones over southern Iraq set up after 1991; oil exports through the Persian Gulf's shipping lanes were protected by the Bahrain-based US Fifth Fleet. Since Saudi Arabia houses Mecca and Medina, Islam's holiest sites, many Muslims were upset at", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 44 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9987289", "chunk_text": "\"Gulf War\"\nwitnessing the attack, near the neutral zone that touches the border between Saudi Arabia and Iraq. Every American in the assault was inside an armored vehicle. One newspaper story reported that US commanders estimated thousands of Iraqi soldiers surrendered, escaping live burial during the two-day assault 24–26 February 1991. Patrick Day Sloyan of \"\"Newsday\"\" reported, \"\"Bradley Fighting Vehicles and Vulcan armored carriers straddled the trench lines and fired into the Iraqi soldiers as the tanks covered them with mounds of sand. 'I came through right after the lead company,' [Col. Anthony] Moreno said. 'What you saw was a bunch of", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 45 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10808926", "chunk_text": "Dubai\nas depositors withdrew their money and traders withdrew their trade, but subsequently, the city recovered in a changing political climate and thrived. Later in the 1990s, many foreign trading communities—first from Kuwait, during the Gulf War, and later from Bahrain, during the Shia unrest—moved their businesses to Dubai. Dubai provided refuelling bases to allied forces at the Jebel Ali Free Zone during the Gulf War, and again during the 2003 Invasion of Iraq. Large increases in oil prices after the Gulf War encouraged Dubai to continue to focus on free trade and tourism. Dubai is situated on the Persian Gulf", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 46 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3967335", "chunk_text": "\"Begin Doctrine\"\nUnited Nations Security Council Resolution 487 condemning the attacks. Before the Gulf War (1990–91) the United States sought to form a military coalition that included Arab countries to confront Saddam Husein’s Iraq following his invasion of Kuwait. During the war, Iraq fired many Scud missiles potentially containing poison gas at Israel, which caused considerable distress and damage in Israel, hoping to provoke an Israeli military response. The Iraqi government hoped that Arab states would withdraw from the coalition, as they would be reluctant to fight alongside Israel. Following the first attacks, Israeli Air Force jets were deployed to patrol the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 47 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9987261", "chunk_text": "\"Gulf War\"\nvillage of Al Busayyah, meeting fierce resistance. The US force destroyed a considerable amount of military hardware and took prisoners, while suffering no casualties. On 25 February 1991, Iraqi forces fired a Scud missile at an American barracks in Dhahran, Saudi Arabia. The missile attack killed 28 US military personnel. The coalition's advance was much swifter than US generals had expected. On 26 February, Iraqi troops began retreating from Kuwait, after they had set 737 of its oil wells on fire. A long convoy of retreating Iraqi troops formed along the main Iraq-Kuwait highway. Although they were retreating, this convoy", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 48 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "247802", "chunk_text": "\"Operation Earnest Will\"\ntogether. The so-called \"\"Tanker War\"\" phase of the Iran–Iraq War started when Iraq, which had expanded its air force with new, Exocet-equipped French and Soviet aircraft, attacked the oil terminal and oil tankers at Iran's Kharg Island in early 1984. Saddam's aim in attacking Iranian shipping was, among other things, to provoke the Iranians to retaliate with extreme measures, such as closing the Strait of Hormuz to all maritime traffic, thereby bringing American intervention. Iran limited the retaliatory attacks to Iraqi shipping, leaving the strait open. Becoming landlocked after the Battle of al-Faw, and due to the blockade of Iraqi", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 49 } ]
test_3486	who is responsible for establishing local licensing forum?	n/a	[ "unitary authorities", "local authorities", "district councils" ]	[]	n/a	n/a	n/a	[]	[ { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12317743", "chunk_text": "\"Local franchise authority\"\nLocal franchise authority A local franchise authority (LFA) is a United States local government organization that, together with the Federal Communications Commission (FCC), regulates cable television service. In some cases the LFA is the state, while in others it might be a city, county, or municipality. The LFA is meant to address cable problems such as service related rates and charges, tier rates, customer service problems, franchise fees, signal quality, and the use of public, educational, and governmental (PEG) channels. When experiencing a problem with your cable television you should first contact the cable company itself, then the local franchise", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 0 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16304436", "chunk_text": "\"Local franchise authority\"\ncombined. Local franchise authority A local franchise authority (LFA) is a United States local government organization that, together with the Federal Communications Commission (FCC), regulates cable television service. In some cases the LFA is the state, while in others it might be a city, county, or municipality. The LFA is meant to address cable problems such as service related rates and charges, tier rates, customer service problems, franchise fees, signal quality, and the use of public, educational, and governmental (PEG) channels. When experiencing a problem with your cable television you should first contact the cable company itself, then the local", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 1 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7752915", "chunk_text": "\"Licensing Act 2003\"\ndistrict councils, who took over this power from the Justices of the Peace. These authorities are each required to establish a Licensing Committee. The powers of the Act came fully into force at midnight at the start of 24 November 2005. Key measures contained in the Act include: Each local authority must set up a Licensing Committee with between ten and fifteen members. It is envisaged that most member level decisions will be made by a sub-committee of three. The Committee can and should have a scheme of delegation for different types of decision; this means that many applications will", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 2 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12384046", "chunk_text": "\"Federation of Chiropractic Licensing Boards\"\nFederation of Chiropractic Licensing Boards The Federation of Chiropractic Licensing Boards, based in Greeley, Colorado, is a non-profit organization which facilitates the coordination and communication of the 50 individual United States' chiropractic licensing boards. The earliest ancestor of the FCLB was chartered in Memphis in September 1926 as the International Congress of Chiropractic Examining Boards. From this organization, Congress created the Council of State Chiropractic Examining Boards (CSCEB) in 1933. This board was originally associated with the National Chiropractic Association, but by 1947 decided to withdraw itself from the influence of any national association and formed its own independently-run organization.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 3 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15049976", "chunk_text": "\"Business license\"\nBusiness license Business licenses are permits issued by government agencies that allow individuals or companies to conduct business within the government's geographical jurisdiction. It is the authorization to start a business issued by the local government. A single jurisdiction often requires multiple licenses that are issued by multiple government departments and agencies. Business licenses vary between countries, states, and local municipalities. There are often many licenses, registrations and certifications required to conduct a business in a single location. Typically, a company's business activity and physical location (address) determines which licenses are required to operate lawfully. Other determining factors may include", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 4 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1824080", "chunk_text": "\"Publishers' Licensing Services\"\non the structure of the licensing agency. Publishers wanted there to be an agency, but authors insisted a forceful language from the President, Lord Willis, that all their payments must go through ALCS. It was therefore necessary to form the Publishers Licensing Society, established in 1981, to manage publishers’ rights and pay publishers accordingly. Setting up a licensing structure on the publishing side had been met by loans from the PA and PPA. When the Copyright Licensing Agency was formed, PLS passed all administration of collective licensing to the new body. Colin Hadley was appointed as the Manager of CLA.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 5 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15028557", "chunk_text": "\"Brand licensing\"\nlicensing is the Licensing Industry Merchandiser's Association, which sponsors the annual Licensing International Expo. The Society of Product Licensors Committed to Excellence (SPLiCE) is a Licensors Community of Practice with the vision to continuously improve brand licensing. The mission of SPLiCE is to act as a community of licensors who share best practices for protecting, promoting and enhancing brand integrity. The SPLiCE Licensors Workshop acts as its annual board of directors and members' meeting. During SPLiCE Licensors Workshop, benchmark findings and industry trends are highlighted in feature panel presentations that are relevant to the community at large. They engage a", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 6 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3661467", "chunk_text": "\"Driver and Vehicle Licensing Agency\"\nDriver and Vehicle Licensing Agency The Driver and Vehicle Licensing Agency (DVLA; ) is the organisation of the UK government responsible for maintaining a database of drivers in Great Britain and a database of vehicles for the entire United Kingdom. Its counterpart for drivers in Northern Ireland is the Driver and Vehicle Agency (DVA). The agency issues driving licences, organises collection of vehicle excise duty (also known as \"\"road tax\"\" and \"\"road fund licence\"\") and sells personalised registrations. The DVLA is an executive agency of the Department for Transport (DfT). The current Chief Executive of the agency is Julie Lennard.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 7 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18724091", "chunk_text": "\"Local option\"\nLocal option A local option is the ability of local political jurisdictions, typically counties or municipalities, to allow decisions on certain controversial issues based on popular vote within their borders. In practice, it usually relates to the issue of alcoholic beverage and marijuana sales. As described by an encyclopedia in 1907, local option is the \"\"license granted to the inhabitants of a district to extinguish or reduce the sale of intoxicants in their midst.\"\" A 1911 Encyclopædia describes it as \"\"specifically used in politics of the power given to the electorate of a particular district to choose whether licences for", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 8 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7752917", "chunk_text": "\"Licensing Act 2003\"\nand the Standards Board for England has advised that only councillors who are members of the Committee should have any role in considering applications. Licensing objectives The Licensing Act sets out four licensing objectives of no preferential order which must be taken into account and adhered to at our premises, CAMEO Bournemouth. They are: 1. the prevention of crime and disorder, 2. public safety, 3. prevention of public nuisance, and 4. the protection of children from harm The Act defines \"\"licensable activities\"\" as: In turn, \"\"regulated entertainment\"\" is defined as: in the presence of an audience (which may be just", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 9 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3997255", "chunk_text": "\"Local Agency Formation Commission\"\nThis include approving, establishing, expanding, reorganizing, and, in limited circumstances, dissolving cities and special districts. LAFCOs are also responsible for approving all outside service extensions by contract or agreement beginning in 2001. LAFCOs' regulatory powers are generally exercised in response to applications filed by other local agencies, landowners, or registered voters. LAFCOs' are also allowed to initiate certain proposals if consistent with a recommendation from its own planning studies, such as establishing, consolidating, or dissolving special districts. LAFCOs' planning responsibilities are explicit to informing their regulatory powers and highlighted by establishing spheres of influence for all cities and special districts.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 10 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7319364", "chunk_text": "\"Licensing trust\"\ndecile schools in the area; establishment at Bill McKinley Park of artificial turf for soccer and other community sporting activities, and assistance in developing the Auckland Netball Courts over the past five years which is now one of the largest sporting facilities in Auckland. Licensing trust A licensing trust under New Zealand law is a community-owned company with a government-authorised monopoly on the development of premises licensed for the sale of alcoholic beverages and associated accommodation in an area. This applies to both on-licence and off-licence sales. The Invercargill Licensing Trust (ILT) in 1944 was the first such body, and", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 11 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3863194", "chunk_text": "\"Licensing trust\"\nLicensing trust A licensing trust under New Zealand law is a community-owned company with a government-authorised monopoly on the development of premises licensed for the sale of alcoholic beverages and associated accommodation in an area. This applies to both on-licence and off-licence sales. The Invercargill Licensing Trust (ILT) in 1944 was the first such body, and remains the highest profile example. Most other trusts have been small by comparison, but several have now created a jointly-owned management company, Trust House Limited, and the assets and payouts of this are very similar to that of the ILT. The uniqueness of licensing", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 12 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9175178", "chunk_text": "\"Toronto Licensing Commission\"\nToronto Licensing Commission Municipal Licensing & Standards is a municipal body in Toronto which grants licenses and permits for certain activities under the city's jurisdiction including: Municipal Licensing & Standards provides bylaw administration and enforcement services, including targeted strategies to address graffiti, noise, business inspections, parks regulations and animal services issues. Services also include business licensing and permitting, property standards, and animal care including control, shelter and adoption services. The Commission replaced the old Metro Toronto Licensing Commission and various other bodies of the former municipalities of Metro Toronto and will now report to Howard Moscoe of the Licensing and", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 13 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11921770", "chunk_text": "\"Nuclear licensing\"\nStates, licenses are issued either by the U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission, or in some cases by the individual states who have been delegated authority for some licensing activities, e.g. Arizona ([Arizona Radiation Regulatory Agency]). Countries other than the U.S.A. use different licensing schemes, typically at the national level, with formal or informal participation at the local government level. For example, in Great Britain, the Health and Safety Executive oversees licenses and nuclear safety. In the United States, recent licensing activities have been focused on the next generation of nuclear reactors being planned. Efforts are underway to prepare the documents required", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 14 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18032866", "chunk_text": "\"Alcohol licensing laws of the United Kingdom\"\nregard to “the licensing objectives”: The licensing authorities are local councils. In two-tier parts of England and Wales, these are the district or borough councils and elsewhere the unitary authority is the licensing authority. In Scotland each council has a Licensing Board to act as licensing authority. For a premises licence, the licensing authority is the council for the place where the premises are located; where they straddle a boundary, the applicant may choose either one. For a personal licence, it is the licensing authority in whose area the applicant lives. The Licensing Authority is also responsible for the issue", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 15 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20316322", "chunk_text": "\"Andy Foster\"\nCommission; consults with the Commission to identify issues that warrant attention and involvement; recommends changes in Commission policy; implements and maintains overall policy established by the Commission. Makes final decisions regarding the application of Commission laws and regulations relative to licensing; monitors the licensing program; issues licenses in accordance with policies, rules and regulations established by the Commission; develops and presents licensing program changes and/or modifications to the Commission for approval; takes punitive action against licensees when situations warrant in accordance with policies established by the Commission; confers with attorneys and administrators on problems regarding policy decisions and legal opinions.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 16 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17591670", "chunk_text": "\"City of license\"\nCity of license In American, Canadian and Philippine broadcasting, a city of license or community of license is the community that a radio station or television station is officially licensed to serve by that country's broadcast regulator. In North American broadcast law, the concept of \"\"community of license\"\" dates to the early days of AM radio broadcasting. The requirement that a broadcasting station operate a \"\"main studio\"\" within a prescribed distance of the community which the station is licensed to serve appears in U.S. law as early as 1939. Various specific obligations have been applied to broadcasters by governments to", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 17 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7752914", "chunk_text": "\"Licensing Act 2003\"\nLicensing Act 2003 The Licensing Act 2003 (c 17) is an Act of the Parliament of the United Kingdom. The Act establishes a single integrated scheme for licensing premises in England and Wales (only) which are used for the sale or supply of alcohol, to provide regulated entertainment, or to provide late night refreshment. Permission to carry on some or all of these licensable activities is now contained in a single licence — the premises licence — replacing several different and complex schemes. Responsibility for issuing licences now rests with local authorities, specifically London boroughs, Metropolitan boroughs, unitary authorities, and", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 18 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17591671", "chunk_text": "\"City of license\"\nfulfill public policy objectives of broadcast localism, both in radio and later also in television, based on the legislative presumption that a broadcaster fills a similar role to that held by community newspaper publishers. In the United States, the Communications Act of 1934 requires that \"\"the Commission shall make such distribution of licenses, frequencies, hours of operation, and of power among the several States and communities as to provide a fair, efficient, and equitable distribution of radio service to each of the same.\"\" The Federal Communications Commission interprets this as requiring that every broadcast station \"\"be licensed to the principal", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 19 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10261490", "chunk_text": "\"Local Resilience Forum\"\nLocal Resilience Forum A Local Resilience Forum (LRF) is a forum formed in a police area of the United Kingdom by key emergency responders and specific supporting agencies. It is a requirement of the Civil Contingencies Act 2004. An LRF allows responders access to a forum to consult, collaborate and disclose information with each other to facilitate planning and response to emergencies, and produce a Community Risk Register. Links to all LRFs can be found through the Local Resilience Forums page of the Cabinet Office website. More information regarding the civil contingencies and emergency planning can be found in the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 20 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6742511", "chunk_text": "\"Licensing Act 2003\"\nthe licensing authority (the council), the police, the fire authority, the body of responsible for health and safety enforcement, the body responsible for dealing with pollution (Environmental Health) a body responsible for advising on Child Protection issues, the planning authority and the weights and measures/trading standards authority. These bodies are all known as Responsible Authorities. Responsible Authorities are able to make representations to the licensing authority about an application. The application must also be advertised by way of a blue notice displayed on or near to the premises for 28 days and in a local newspaper on one working day", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 21 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "21005546", "chunk_text": "\"California Contractors State License Board\"\norder of licenses issued by CSLB on January 2, 2018, are: A 15-member board appoints CSLB's executive officer, or registrar of contractors, and directs administrative policy for the agency's operations. This Board includes five contractors, one member of a labor organization representing building trades, one active local building official, and eight public members, one who must be from a statewide senior citizen organization. Appointments to the board are made by the Governor of California and the California State Legislature. The registrar oversees approximately 400 employees, who are distributed among the headquarters office in Sacramento and field offices throughout the state.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 22 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9175179", "chunk_text": "\"Toronto Licensing Commission\"\nStandards Committee. Toronto Licensing Commission Municipal Licensing & Standards is a municipal body in Toronto which grants licenses and permits for certain activities under the city's jurisdiction including: Municipal Licensing & Standards provides bylaw administration and enforcement services, including targeted strategies to address graffiti, noise, business inspections, parks regulations and animal services issues. Services also include business licensing and permitting, property standards, and animal care including control, shelter and adoption services. The Commission replaced the old Metro Toronto Licensing Commission and various other bodies of the former municipalities of Metro Toronto and will now report to Howard Moscoe of the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 23 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12317744", "chunk_text": "\"Local franchise authority\"\nauthorities, then the National Citizens Committee for Broadcasting, and finally the chairmen of the House and Senate subcommittees who oversee the FCC. Additional help can be found on the web page of the Federal Communications Commission. The development of the cable television system resulted in a complex system of regulations. Local, state, and federal laws overlapped and caused a variety of issues. Local franchise authorities were accused of having monopolies over the cable systems and creating issues through micromanagement. The complex local, state, and federal regulations have been a topic of discussion for many years. The general opinion seems to", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 24 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8041111", "chunk_text": "\"Liquor license\"\nlicense eligibility are: The Department of Alcoholic Beverage (ABC) in California was established in 1955. California ABC has the power to issue, deny, suspend or revoke any specific alcoholic beverage license. The department has three divisions: administration, licensing and compliance and each division has specific responsibilities. The types of retail licenses in California are: Each licenses require different application processes. California ABC has investigators, also known as peace officers and they are responsible for investigating and make arrests for any violations if possible. The Texas Alcoholic Beverage Commission (TABC) previously known as Texas Liquor Control Board is the agency responsible", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 25 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16343266", "chunk_text": "\"Federation of Chiropractic Licensing Boards\"\non a chiropractic regulatory board are Honorary Fellows, privileged to attend the annual business meeting. Federation of Chiropractic Licensing Boards The Federation of Chiropractic Licensing Boards, based in Greeley, Colorado, is a non-profit organization which facilitates the coordination and communication of the 50 individual United States' chiropractic licensing boards. The earliest ancestor of the FCLB was chartered in Memphis in September 1926 as the International Congress of Chiropractic Examining Boards. From this organization, Congress created the Council of State Chiropractic Examining Boards (CSCEB) in 1933. This board was originally associated with the National Chiropractic Association, but by 1947 decided to", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 26 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10261491", "chunk_text": "\"Local Resilience Forum\"\nUK Resilience webpages. Local Resilience Forum A Local Resilience Forum (LRF) is a forum formed in a police area of the United Kingdom by key emergency responders and specific supporting agencies. It is a requirement of the Civil Contingencies Act 2004. An LRF allows responders access to a forum to consult, collaborate and disclose information with each other to facilitate planning and response to emergencies, and produce a Community Risk Register. Links to all LRFs can be found through the Local Resilience Forums page of the Cabinet Office website. More information regarding the civil contingencies and emergency planning can be", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 27 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2583023", "chunk_text": "\"Publishers' Licensing Services\"\nIndependent Publishers Guild and the Publishers Association) and are approved by the Board. The Chairman is appointed by the Board and is independent of the members. The Chief Executive is appointed by the Board. With the introduction of the dry photocopier in the early 1970s, the situation on control of copyright in the UK’s main institutions ran out of control. Machines appeared everywhere and infringements proliferated. A committee was formed, chaired by Mr Justice Whitford, on Copyright and Design Law and asked to investigate the situation. It reported early in 1977 and recommended collective copyright licensing as the solution. It", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 28 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18312115", "chunk_text": "\"Liquor license\"\nbeverages. The New York State Liquor Authority (SLA) and the Division of Alcoholic Beverage Control (ABC) are responsible for regulating and controlling the manufacture and distribution of alcoholic beverages within New York State. Established in 1934 under New York State law, they are controlling all liquor related activities to this day. The main responsibilities of the Division of Alcoholic Beverage Control include reviewing and investigating applicants to determine eligibility, issuing and limiting the number and type of licenses and regulating trade of alcoholic beverages at wholesale and retail. The SLA and the ABC state that the minimum requirements for liquor", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 29 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18032869", "chunk_text": "\"Alcohol licensing laws of the United Kingdom\"\ntell the court at the first appearance that he/she is a Holder of a Personal Licence. Failure to do so is a criminal offence. If the PLH is convicted of the original offence the Court can suspend or forfeit the personal licence. A Personal Licence is valid: A Designated Premises Supervisor (DPS) is required to be a PLH. The DPS (or Designated Premises Manager in Scotland) is responsible for the day-to-day running of the licensed premises. Local authorities have decided whether or not on a local basis to exercise their power to introduce specific restrictions on outdoor drinking. For example,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 30 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3489805", "chunk_text": "\"License proliferation\"\nnon-reusable licenses. In 2004 a OSI License Proliferation Project was started has prepared a License Proliferation Report in 2007. The report defined classes of licenses: The group of \"\"popular\"\" licenses include nine licenses: Apache License 2.0, New BSD license, GPLv2, LGPLv2, MIT license, Mozilla Public License 1.1, Common Development and Distribution License, Common Public License, Eclipse Public License. Richard Stallman, president of FSF, and Bradley M. Kuhn, former Executive Director, have argued against license proliferation since 2000, when they instituted the FSF \"\"license list\"\", which urges developers to license their software under GPL compatible free software license(s), though multiple GPL-incompatible", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 31 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7752921", "chunk_text": "\"Licensing Act 2003\"\nwithin ten working days of making the application. In addition to the Responsible Authorities the Act now allows for any \"\"other person\"\" to make representations. If representation is made, the licensing authority must hold a hearing in most cases. After the hearing, the authority can make one of five decisions: to grant the licence with conditions that match the operating schedule (and conditions can be added); to exclude some licensable activities from the application; to refuse to accept the person specified as designated premises supervisor (but only on police advice); to approve different part of the premises for different activities;", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 32 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9654672", "chunk_text": "\"Local Agency Formation Commission\"\nLocal Agency Formation Commission Local Agency Formation Commissions or LAFCOs are regional service planning agencies of the State of California. LAFCOs are located in all 58 counties and exercise regulatory and planning powers in step with their prescribed directive to oversee the establishment, expansion, governance, and dissolution of local government agencies and their municipal service areas to meet current and future community needs. LAFCOs were established in 1963 and administer a section of California planning law now known as the Cortese-Knox-Hertzberg Local Government Reorganization Act of 2001. LAFCOs' regulatory powers are outlined in California Government Code Sections 56375 and 56133.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 33 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4600030", "chunk_text": "\"Licensing trust\"\nZealand legislation was based on the British \"\"Carlisle Scheme\"\" that had been established during the First World War on the Scottish border, but there were also significant differences.. H G R Mason was Minister of Justice from 1935 to 1949 (and again from 1957 to 1960) and responsible for the licensing legislation. He shepherded the licensing trusts acts through Parliament, and was strongly committed to the concept of licensing trust. The Invercargill Licensing Trust Act 1944 came into force on 17 April 1944. The Masterton Licensing Trust Act followed in December 1947, and the Licensing Act in 1949. 28 licensing", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 34 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17591692", "chunk_text": "\"City of license\"\nfor a community of license to be listed as a point far from the actual audience include: City of license In American, Canadian and Philippine broadcasting, a city of license or community of license is the community that a radio station or television station is officially licensed to serve by that country's broadcast regulator. In North American broadcast law, the concept of \"\"community of license\"\" dates to the early days of AM radio broadcasting. The requirement that a broadcasting station operate a \"\"main studio\"\" within a prescribed distance of the community which the station is licensed to serve appears in", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 35 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14716005", "chunk_text": "\"Restricted Service Licence\"\nRestricted Service Licence A UK Restricted Service Licence (often called an RSL), is typically granted to radio stations and television stations broadcasting within the UK to serve a local community or a special event. Licences are granted by the broadcasting authority Ofcom (formerly the Radio Authority and the Independent Television Commission, respectively). In 1972, the Independent Broadcasting Authority was created and given responsibility for regulating independent television and radio services in the UK. Over time, the demand for local services increased, and finally prompted an Act of Parliament to deregulate the respective industries and facilitate new long-term and short-term broadcast", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 36 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16173426", "chunk_text": "\"Invercargill Licensing Trust\"\nInvercargill Licensing Trust The Invercargill Licensing Trust is a licensing trust in the city of Invercargill in New Zealand. It has a monopoly on the development of premises licensed for the sale of alcoholic beverages, and associated accommodation in the city; and uses the profits from these to fund school, sports and cultural groups, and welfare bodies. The concept of licensing trusts in New Zealand was first introduced by the Invercargill Licensing Trust Act 1944, and was developed by the recommendations of the Report of the Royal Commission on Licensing 1946. In 2015 the Invercargill Licensing Trust provided donations and", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 37 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17094365", "chunk_text": "\"Amateur radio licensing in the United States\"\nstations. Thus, there are 750 such call signs available. Each call sign may be used for 15 days from its issue. Each station using the special 1x1 call must transmit its assigned call at least once every hour. Five coordinators (ARRL, W5YI Group Inc, Western Carolina Amateur Radio Society/VEC Inc, W4VEC Volunteer Examiners Club of America and the Laurel Amateur Radio Club Inc) are authorized to handle these call sign requests. Amateur radio licensing in the United States In the United States, amateur radio licensing is governed by the Federal Communications Commission (FCC) under strict federal regulations. Licenses to operate", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 38 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2950354", "chunk_text": "\"Rhode Island Division of Commercial Licensing and Regulation\"\nRhode Island Division of Commercial Licensing and Regulation The Division of Commercial Licensing and Regulation is the division of the Rhode Island Department of Business Regulation responsible for the licensing and regulation of real estate agents, brokers and appraisers, auto body & salvage re-builder shops, auto wrecking and salvage yards, travel agencies and travel agents, upholsterers, alarm system installers, auctioneers, liquor wholesalers, breweries, wineries, salespersons (representing wholesalers) and agents (representing manufacturers and distillers), Class G (boat/airline/railroads) license holders, line-cleaners, and mobile and manufactured homes and parks. The enforcement of unit pricing, motor fuel advertising and health club pre-opening laws are", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 39 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7412011", "chunk_text": "\"Athens International Radio\"\nissuing a license to AIR and calls for the immediate enforcement of a regulatory provision, as foreseen by the 'Roussopoulos law,' in order for the matter to be settled. - authorizes Athina Municipal Radio 98.4 FM (DERA) to undertake all possible legal measures in order to revoke the confiscation of municipal property. - will be represented by Athina Municipal Radio chairman Athanasios Kafezas and legal counsel Themis Sofos at tomorrow's meeting of the National Radio and Television Council, which will opine on the matter of AIR's license. - supports the public right to qualitatively inform citizens on a non-profit basis.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 40 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2983886", "chunk_text": "\"American Guild of Organists\"\nand finance and development. The Regional Councillors are elected by the members of the Guild assigned to Chapters within each of the seven regions. Regional Councillors are responsible for supervision and coordination of the work of the Guild in their Regions and representation of the Region on the National Council through the Chair of the Board of Regional Councillors. The Board of Regional Councillors meets in person with the National Council once per year with voice, but no vote. Appointed District Conveners are responsible for the development of the Guild's interests in each state or area located within the Region.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 41 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6972470", "chunk_text": "\"Consumer Credit Act 1974\"\nOffice of Fair Trading for a license. There are two types of license given - group licenses and standard licenses. Group licenses are issued by the Director General of Fair Trading to cover a group of people in those activities described in the license. Group licenses can be issued following an application, or simply voluntarily by the Director. Holders of a group license do not have to apply individually and are not vetted individually, and holding a group license does not prevent members from also applying for a standard license. The group licenses are intended for cases where individual screening", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 42 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5302481", "chunk_text": "\"Commonwealth Local Government Forum\"\nCommonwealth Local Government Forum The Commonwealth Local Government Forum (CLGF) is a global local government organisation, bringing together local authorities, their national associations and the ministries responsible for local government in the member countries of the Commonwealth. CLGF works with national and local governments to support the development of democratic values and good local governance and is the associated organisation officially recognised by Commonwealth Heads of Government as the representative body for local government in the Commonwealth. CLGF is unique in bringing together central, provincial and local spheres of government involved in local government policy and decision-making. CLGF members include", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 43 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19972665", "chunk_text": "\"Online Business Licensing System\"\nOnline Business Licensing System Online Business Licensing Service (OBLS) is a one-stop portal for businessmen to apply for all the required Singapore government licences in a single online transaction. The service routes all applications to various government agency for processing. The World Bank has ranked Singapore first in the Ease of Doing Business Index. The OBLS system contributes to this ranking. OBLS was first conceived by the Pro-Enterprise Panel, a high level joint public-private sector panel chaired by the Head of Civil Service, Singapore. The panel received a lot of business feedback to cut red-tape in making it easy to", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 44 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20580846", "chunk_text": "\"Nationwide Multi-State Licensing System and Registry (US)\"\nindividuals from escaping the consequences of their past activities. NMLS was created in January 2008 by the Conference of State Bank Supervisors (CSBS) and the American Association of Residential Mortgage Regulators (AARMR), both based in Washington, DC. It began operations as a voluntary system among seven states cooperating to improve regulation of the mortgage and other non-depository industries through better supervision, streamlined licensing procedures, and enhanced consumer protection. Title V of The Housing and Economic Recovery Act for 2008 (HERA), the Secure and Fair Enforcement for Mortgage Licensing Act, required that all states license mortgage originators through NMLS, and required", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 45 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2145451", "chunk_text": "\"Copyright Royalty Board\"\nCopyright Royalty Board The Copyright Royalty Board (CRB) is a U.S. system of three copyright royalty judges who determine rates and terms for copyright statutory licenses and make determinations on distribution of statutory license royalties collected by the U.S. Copyright Office of the Library of Congress. The board, made up of three permanent copyright royalty judges, was created under the Copyright Royalty and Distribution Reform Act of 2004, which became effective on May 31, 2005, when the Copyright Arbitration Royalty Panel system was phased out. These administrative judges are appointed by the Librarian of Congress. On May 1, 2007, after", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 46 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6212761", "chunk_text": "\"Leeds City Council\"\nare overseen by six scrutiny boards. These panels involve councillors from all parties and some independent members. Scrutiny boards are able to review decisions taken by the executive or by officers of the council and to refer them for further consideration. The licensing committee of the council is drawn from councillors from all parties and is responsible for entertainment, refreshment, personal and premises licences established under the Licensing Act 2003. Three plans panels are responsible for determining planning applications which have not been delegated to officers for decision, such as large or controversial applications or those in which a councillor", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 47 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7862139", "chunk_text": "\"Gambling Commission\"\nissues licences to gambling operators, can levy fines and revoke licences, and is tasked with investigating and prosecuting illegal gambling. It is also responsible for advising national and local government on gambling-related issues. For remote gambling, the Commission issues licences to those operators whose remote gambling equipment is located in the territory of Great Britain. Whilst, those operators who wish to advertise their services in England, Wales, or Scotland, but are based outside the country, have to obtain a licence from the Gambling Commission following the passage of the Gambling (Licensing and Advertising) Act 2014. The 2014 Act changed the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 48 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7206657", "chunk_text": "\"Nationwide Multi-State Licensing System and Registry (US)\"\nNationwide Multi-State Licensing System and Registry (US) The Nationwide Multi-State Licensing System and Registry (NMLS) is a web-based online framework for cooperation among financial regulators in all US states to improve the effectiveness of their consumer protection mandates by aiding in the regulation of mortgage companies, branches, and individual mortgage loan originators. In enables the management of license applications and ongoing regulation of all non-depository financial institutions. The system provides for all mortgage originators to be assigned a unique identifying number that would be associated with them as they moved between companies, and between states, thus helping to prevent problematic", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 49 } ]
test_3487	what was the name of the first continent?	n/a	[ "Pangaea" ]	[]	n/a	n/a	n/a	[]	[ { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19195220", "chunk_text": "Continent\na period of 2.0–1.8 billion years ago and broke up about 1.5–1.3 billion years ago. The supercontinent Rodinia is thought to have formed about 1 billion years ago and to have embodied most or all of Earth's continents, and broken up into eight continents around 600 million years ago. The eight continents later re-assembled into another supercontinent called Pangaea; Pangaea broke up into Laurasia (which became North America and Eurasia) and Gondwana (which became the remaining continents). The following table lists the seven continents with their highest and lowest points on land, sorted in decreasing highest points. † The lowest", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 0 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13698624", "chunk_text": "Continent\nEurope and Asia together as a single continent, dubbed \"\"Eurasia\"\". In this model, the world is divided into six continents, with North America and South America considered separate continents. Geologists use the term \"\"continent\"\" in a different manner from geographers. In geology a continent is defined by continental crust: a platform of metamorphic and igneous rock, largely of granitic composition. Some geologists restrict the term 'continent' to portions of the crust built around stable Precambrian \"\"shield\"\", typically 1.5 to 3.8 billion years old, called a craton. The craton itself is an accretionary complex of ancient mobile belts (mountain belts) from", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 1 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13698611", "chunk_text": "Continent\nScheme for Recording Plant Distributions, used in many international plant databases. This scheme divides the world into nine \"\"botanical continents\"\". Some match the traditional geographical continents, but some differ significantly. Thus the Americas are divided between Northern America (Mexico northwards) and Southern America (Central America and the Caribbean southwards) rather than between North America and South America. The term \"\"continent\"\" translates Greek , properly \"\"landmass, terra firma\"\", the proper name of Epirus and later especially used of Asia (i.e. Asia Minor), The first distinction between continents was made by ancient Greek mariners who gave the names Europe and Asia to", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 2 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10792137", "chunk_text": "Continent\nIntroductio\"\", Waldseemüller noted that the earth is divided into four parts, Europe, Asia, Africa and the fourth part, which he named \"\"America\"\" after Amerigo Vespucci's first name. On the map, the word \"\"America\"\" was placed on part of South America. From the 16th century the English noun \"\"continent\"\" was derived from the term \"\"continent land\"\", meaning continuous or connected land and translated from the Latin \"\"terra continens\"\". The noun was used to mean \"\"a connected or continuous tract of land\"\" or mainland. It was not applied only to very large areas of land—in the 17th century, references were made to", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 3 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10792118", "chunk_text": "Continent\nContinent A continent is one of several very large landmasses of the world. Generally identified by convention rather than any strict criteria, up to seven regions are commonly regarded as continents. Ordered from largest in area to smallest, they are: Asia, Africa, North America, South America, Antarctica, Europe, and Australia. Geologically, the continents largely correspond to areas of continental crust that are found on the continental plates. However, some areas of continental crust are regions covered with water not usually included in the list of continents. Zealandia is one such area (see submerged continents below). Islands are frequently grouped with", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 4 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19195196", "chunk_text": "Continent\nsea levels were lower during the Pleistocene ice ages, greater areas of continental shelf were exposed as dry land, forming land bridges. At those times Australia–New Guinea was a single, continuous continent. Likewise, the Americas and Afro-Eurasia were joined by the Bering land bridge. Other islands such as Great Britain were joined to the mainlands of their continents. At that time there were just three discrete continents: Afro-Eurasia-America, Antarctica, and Australia-New Guinea. There are several ways of distinguishing the continents: The term \"\"Oceania\"\" refers to a group of island countries and territories in the Pacific Ocean, together with the continent", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 5 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3484328", "chunk_text": "Renaissance\npolar continent. By 1650, Dutch cartographers had mapped most of the coastline of the continent, which they named New Holland, except the east coast which was charted in 1770 by Captain Cook. The long-imagined south polar continent was eventually sighted in 1820. Throughout the Renaissance it had been known as Terra Australis, or 'Australia' for short. However, after that name was transferred to New Holland in the nineteenth century, the new name of 'Antarctica' was bestowed on the south polar continent. From this changing society emerged a common, unifying musical language, in particular the polyphonic style of the Franco-Flemish school.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 6 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1908495", "chunk_text": "\"Naming of the Americas\"\nunitary continent, the form is generally \"\"the continent of America\"\" in the singular. However, without a clarifying context, singular \"\"America\"\" in English commonly refers to the United States of America. The earliest known use of the name \"\"America\"\" dates to April 25, 1507, where it was applied to what is now known as South America. It appears on a small globe map with twelve time zones, together with the largest wall map made to date, both created by the German cartographer Martin Waldseemüller in Saint-Dié-des-Vosges in France. These were the first maps to show the Americas as a land mass", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 7 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "266871", "chunk_text": "Antarctica\nthe north\"\". For example, the short-lived French colony established in Brazil in the 16th century was called \"\"France Antarctique\"\". The first formal use of the name \"\"Antarctica\"\" as a continental name in the 1890s is attributed to the Scottish cartographer John George Bartholomew. The long-imagined (but undiscovered) south polar continent was originally called \"\"Terra Australis\"\", sometimes shortened to 'Australia' as seen in a woodcut illustration titled \"\"Sphere of the winds\"\", contained in an astrological textbook published in Frankfurt in 1545. Although the longer Latin phrase was better known, the shortened name \"\"Australia\"\" was used in Europe's scholarly circles. Then in", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 8 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12396407", "chunk_text": "Continent\na great quantity of Land, not separated by any Sea from the rest of the World, as the whole Continent of Europe, Asia, Africa.\"\" In 1727, Ephraim Chambers wrote in his \"\"Cyclopædia,\"\" \"\"The world is ordinarily divided into two grand continents: the old and the new.\"\" And in his 1752 atlas, Emanuel Bowen defined a continent as \"\"a large space of dry land comprehending many countries all joined together, without any separation by water. Thus Europe, Asia, and Africa is one great continent, as America is another.\"\" However, the old idea of Europe, Asia and Africa as \"\"parts\"\" of the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 9 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10221986", "chunk_text": "Continent\nor the western border of Egypt (Gibbon). In the Middle Ages, the world was usually portrayed on T and O maps, with the T representing the waters dividing the three continents. By the middle of the 18th century, \"\"the fashion of dividing Asia and Africa at the Nile, or at the Great Catabathmus [the boundary between Egypt and Libya] farther west, had even then scarcely passed away\"\". Christopher Columbus sailed across the Atlantic Ocean to the West Indies in 1492, sparking a period of European exploration of the Americas. But despite four voyages to the Americas, Columbus never believed he", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 10 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "238996", "chunk_text": "Americas\nVespucci's first name. The feminine form \"\"America\"\" accorded with the feminine names of Asia, Africa, and Europa. In modern English, North and South America are generally considered separate continents, and taken together are called \"\"America\"\" or \"\"the Americas\"\" in the plural. When conceived as a unitary continent, the form is generally \"\"the continent of America\"\" in the singular. However, without a clarifying context, singular \"\"America\"\" in English commonly refers to the United States of America. Historically, in the English-speaking world, the term America used to refer to a single continent until the 1950s (as in Van Loon's Geography of 1937):", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 11 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13698620", "chunk_text": "Continent\nthe \"\"continents\"\" (or mainlands) of Isle of Man, Ireland and Wales and in 1745 to Sumatra. The word \"\"continent\"\" was used in translating Greek and Latin writings about the three \"\"parts\"\" of the world, although in the original languages no word of exactly the same meaning as \"\"continent\"\" was used. While \"\"continent\"\" was used on the one hand for relatively small areas of continuous land, on the other hand geographers again raised Herodotus's query about why a single large landmass should be divided into separate continents. In the mid-17th century, Peter Heylin wrote in his \"\"Cosmographie\"\" that \"\"A Continent is", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 12 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11440955", "chunk_text": "Precambrian\nformed 2.06–1.82 billion years ago and broke up about 1.5–1.35 billion years ago. The supercontinent Rodinia is thought to have formed about 1.13–1.071 billion years ago, to have embodied most or all of Earth's continents and to have broken up into eight continents around 750–600 million years ago. Precambrian The Precambrian (or Pre-Cambrian, sometimes abbreviated pЄ, or Cryptozoic) is the earliest part of Earth's history, set before the current Phanerozoic Eon. The Precambrian is so named because it preceded the Cambrian, the first period of the Phanerozoic eon, which is named after Cambria, the Latinised name for Wales, where rocks", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 13 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19195189", "chunk_text": "Continent\nsmallest continent. Earth's major landmasses all have coasts on a single, continuous World Ocean, which is divided into a number of principal oceanic components by the continents and various geographic criteria. The most restricted meaning of \"\"continent\"\" is that of a continuous area of land or mainland, with the coastline and any land boundaries forming the edge of the continent. In this sense the term \"\"continental Europe\"\" (sometimes referred to in Britain as \"\"the Continent\"\") is used to refer to mainland Europe, excluding islands such as Great Britain, Ireland, Malta and Iceland, and the term \"\"continent of Australia\"\" may refer", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 14 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19195211", "chunk_text": "Continent\nas \"\"New Holland, an immense island, which some geographers dignify with the appellation of another continent\"\" and the \"\"Oxford English Dictionary\"\" was just as equivocal some decades later. Antarctica was sighted in 1820 during the First Russian Antarctic Expedition and described as a continent by Charles Wilkes on the United States Exploring Expedition in 1838, the last continent identified, although a great \"\"Antarctic\"\" (antipodean) landmass had been anticipated for millennia. An 1849 atlas labelled Antarctica as a continent but few atlases did so until after World War II. From the mid-19th century, atlases published in the United States more commonly", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 15 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17355994", "chunk_text": "\"Opening of the North Atlantic Ocean\"\nPlateau (off Norway), Faroe-Shetland Basin, Hebrides, Outer Moray Firth and Denmark. The supercontinent known as Pangea existed during the late Paleozoic and early Mesozoic eras and began to rift around 200 million years ago. Pangea had three major phases of breakup. The first major phase began in the Early-Middle Jurassic, taking place between North America and Africa. The second major phase of breakup began in the Early Cretaceous. The South Atlantic Ocean opened around 140 million years ago as Africa separated from South America, and about the same time, India separated from Antarctica and Australia, forming the central Indian Ocean.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 16 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10221985", "chunk_text": "Continent\nthe continents by rivers (the Nile and the Don), thus considering them \"\"islands\"\". Others divided the continents by isthmuses, calling the continents \"\"peninsulas\"\". These latter geographers set the border between Europe and Asia at the isthmus between the Black Sea and the Caspian Sea, and the border between Asia and Africa at the isthmus between the Red Sea and the mouth of Lake Bardawil on the Mediterranean Sea. Through the Roman period and the Middle Ages, a few writers took the Isthmus of Suez as the boundary between Asia and Africa, but most writers continued to consider it the Nile", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 17 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3908629", "chunk_text": "Asia\nAsia Asia () is Earth's largest and most populous continent, located primarily in the Eastern and Northern Hemispheres. It shares the continental landmass of Eurasia with the continent of Europe and the continental landmass of Afro-Eurasia with both Europe and Africa. Asia covers an area of , about 30% of Earth's total land area and 8.7% of the Earth's total surface area. The continent, which has long been home to the majority of the human population, was the site of many of the first civilizations. Asia is notable for not only its overall large size and population, but also dense", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 18 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16845260", "chunk_text": "Pangaea\nEarth, land\"\"). The concept that the continents once formed a continuous land mass was first proposed by Alfred Wegener, the originator of the scientific theory of continental drift, in his 1912 publication \"\"The Origin of Continents\"\" (\"\"Die Entstehung der Kontinente\"\"). He expanded upon his hypothesis in his 1915 book \"\"The Origin of Continents and Oceans\"\" (\"\"Die Entstehung der Kontinente und Ozeane\"\"), in which he postulated that, before breaking up and drifting to their present locations, all the continents had formed a single supercontinent that he called the \"\"\"\"Urkontinent\"\"\"\". The name \"\"Pangea\"\" occurs in the 1920 edition of \"\"Die Entstehung der", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 19 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13698580", "chunk_text": "Afro-Eurasia\nlargest present part of the supercontinent cycle. The oldest part of Afro-Eurasia is probably the Kaapvaal Craton, which together with Madagascar and parts of India and western Australia formed part of the first supercontinent Vaalbara or Ur around 3 billion years ago. It has made up parts of every supercontinent since. At the breakup of Pangaea around 200 million years ago, the North American and Eurasian Plates together formed Laurasia while the African Plate remained in Gondwana, from which the Indian Plate split off. This impacted southern Asia around 50 million years ago and began the formation of the Himalayas.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 20 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2536144", "chunk_text": "Oceania\ncoined the French term \"\"Océanie\"\" 1812. \"\"Océanie\"\" derives from the Latin word , and this from the Greek word (\"\"ōkeanós\"\"), \"\"ocean\"\". Natives and inhabitants of this region are called Oceanians or Oceanicans. The term \"\"Oceania\"\" is used because, unlike the other continental groupings, it is the ocean that links the parts of the region together. Indigenous Australians are the original inhabitants of the Australian continent and nearby islands who migrated from Africa to Asia around 70,000 years ago and arrived in Australia around 50,000 years ago. They are believed to be among the earliest human migrations out of Africa. Although", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 21 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10221988", "chunk_text": "Continent\nVespucci's name in 1502 or 1503, although it seems that it had additions or alterations by another writer. Regardless of who penned the words, \"\"Mundus Novus\"\" credited Vespucci with saying, \"\"I have discovered a continent in those southern regions that is inhabited by more numerous people and animals than our Europe, or Asia or Africa\"\", the first known explicit identification of part of the Americas as a continent like the other three. Within a few years, the name \"\"New World\"\" began appearing as a name for South America on world maps, such as the Oliveriana (Pesaro) map of around 1504–1505.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 22 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2591120", "chunk_text": "\"Geological history of Earth\"\nof the Mesozoic era, the continents had rifted into nearly their present form. Laurasia became North America and Eurasia, while Gondwana split into South America, Africa, Australia, Antarctica and the Indian subcontinent, which collided with the Asian plate. This impact gave rise to the Himalayas. The Tethys Sea, which had separated the northern continents from Africa and India, began to close up, forming the Mediterranean sea. The Paleogene (alternatively Palaeogene) Period is a unit of geologic time that began and ended 23.03 Ma and comprises the first part of the Cenozoic Era. This period consists of the Paleocene, Eocene and", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 23 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13698602", "chunk_text": "Continent\nwith other islands in the Pacific into one continent called Oceania. This divides the entire land surface of Earth into continents or quasi-continents. The ideal criterion that each continent is a discrete landmass is commonly relaxed due to historical conventions. Of the seven most globally recognized continents, only Antarctica and Australia are completely separated from other continents by the ocean. Several continents are defined not as absolutely distinct bodies but as \"\"\"\"more or less\"\" discrete masses of land\"\". Asia and Africa are joined by the Isthmus of Suez, and North and South America by the Isthmus of Panama. In both", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 24 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11461438", "chunk_text": "\"Geological history of Earth\"\na single supercontinent known as Pangaea. Pangaea straddled the equator and extended toward the poles, with a corresponding effect on ocean currents in the single great ocean (\"\"Panthalassa\"\", the \"\"universal sea\"\"), and the Paleo-Tethys Ocean, a large ocean that was between Asia and Gondwana. The Cimmeria continent rifted away from Gondwana and drifted north to Laurasia, causing the Paleo-Tethys to shrink. A new ocean was growing on its southern end, the Tethys Ocean, an ocean that would dominate much of the Mesozoic Era. Large continental landmasses create climates with extreme variations of heat and cold (\"\"continental climate\"\") and monsoon conditions", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 25 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16797677", "chunk_text": "Gondwana\nformation of Gondwana began with the East African Orogeny – the collision of India and Madagascar with East Africa – and was completed with the overlapping Brasiliano and Kuunga orogenies – the collision of South America with Africa and the addition of Australia and Antarctica, respectively. The continent of Gondwana was named by Austrian scientist Eduard Suess, after the Gondwana region of central India which is derived from Sanskrit for \"\"forest of the Gonds\"\". The name had been previously used in a geological context, first by H.B. Medlicott in 1872, from which the Gondwana sedimentary sequences (Permian-Triassic) are also described.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 26 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3395380", "chunk_text": "Laurasia\nformed - the Atlantic Ocean, though Greenland (attached to North America) and Europe were still joined together. The separation of Europe and Greenland occurred around 55 million years ago (at the end of the Paleocene). Laurasia finally divided into the continents after which it is named: Laurentia (now North America) and Eurasia (excluding the Indian subcontinent). Laurasia Laurasia () was the more northern of two supercontinents (the other being Gondwana) that formed part of the Pangaea supercontinent around (Mya). It separated from Gondwana (beginning in the late Triassic period) during the breakup of Pangaea, drifting farther north after the split.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 27 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9787719", "chunk_text": "Paleocontinent\non the equator and reached from 60° N to 60° S. 1.2-1 bya to 800-850 mya, Proterozoic Eon - end of Precambrian. It was the first supercontinent to form on Earth, all the continental crust on Earth came together and formed one giant land mass. This land mass was surrounded by an even larger ocean, known as Mirovia. There were about four smaller continents that collided and came together to form Rodinia. This event is called the Grenville Orogeny. This caused there to be mountain building along the areas of were continents collided. This is because the continental crust is", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 28 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6568680", "chunk_text": "Pangaea\nPangaea Pangaea or Pangea () was a supercontinent that existed during the late Paleozoic and early Mesozoic eras. It assembled from earlier continental units approximately 335 million years ago, and it began to break apart about 175 million years ago. In contrast to the present Earth and its distribution of continental mass, much of Pangaea was in the southern hemisphere and surrounded by a superocean, Panthalassa. Pangaea was the most recent supercontinent to have existed and the first to be reconstructed by geologists. The name \"\"Pangaea/Pangea\"\" is derived from Ancient Greek \"\"pan\"\" (, \"\"all, entire, whole\"\") and \"\"Gaia\"\" (, \"\"Mother", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 29 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20428780", "chunk_text": "\"The Continent Makers\"\nland area of the overpopulated twenty-second century Earth by creating new continents through the manipulation of geological forces. The project's initial goal is to raise a new land mass to be called Gamanovia around the existing Ascension Island in the South Atlantic. The name of the proposed new continent was chosen to honor fifteenth century Portuguese navigator Vasco da Gama, the first European to navigate the region's waters, and for João da Nova, who discovered Ascension Island a few years later. A sinister group concealing itself under the mask of the bogus Churchillian Society, supposedly dedicated to proving that the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 30 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19195198", "chunk_text": "Continent\ncraton or continental core. These have included Laurasia, Gondwana, Vaalbara, Kenorland, Columbia, Rodinia, and Pangaea. Certain parts of continents are recognized as subcontinents, especially the large peninsulas separated from the main continental landmass by geographical features. The most notable examples are the Indian subcontinent and the Arabian Peninsula. The Southern Cone of South America and Alaskan peninsula of North America are other examples. In many of these cases, the \"\"subcontinents\"\" concerned are on different tectonic plates from the rest of the continent, providing a geological justification for the terminology. Greenland, generally reckoned as the world's largest island on the northeastern", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 31 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10221987", "chunk_text": "Continent\nhad reached a new continent—he always thought it was part of Asia. In 1501, Amerigo Vespucci and Gonçalo Coelho attempted to sail around what they considered the southern end of the Asian mainland into the Indian Ocean, passing through Fernando de Noronha. After reaching the coast of Brazil, they sailed a long way further south along the coast of South America, confirming that this was a land of continental proportions and that it also extended much further south than Asia was known to. On return to Europe, an account of the voyage, called \"\"Mundus Novus\"\" (\"\"New World\"\"), was published under", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 32 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2484308", "chunk_text": "\"Boundaries between the continents of Earth\"\nOcean, located in the deep sea surrounding Madagascar. The boundary between Europe and Asia is unusual among continental boundaries because of its largely mountain-and-river-based characteristics north and east of the Black Sea. The reason is historical, the division of Europe and Asia going back to the early Greek geographers. In the modern sense of the term \"\"continent\"\", Eurasia is more readily identifiable as a \"\"continent\"\", and Europe has occasionally been described as a subcontinent of Eurasia. The threefold division of the Old World into Europe, Asia and Africa has been in use since the 6th century BC, due to Greek", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 33 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15816234", "chunk_text": "\"Age of Discovery\"\nIt was soon understood that Columbus had not reached Asia but had found a new continent, the Americas. The Americas were named in 1507 by cartographers Martin Waldseemüller and Matthias Ringmann, probably after Amerigo Vespucci. In 1501–1502, one of these Portuguese expeditions, led by Gonçalo Coelho (and/or André Gonçalves or Gaspar de Lemos), sailed south along the coast of South America to the bay of present-day Rio de Janeiro. Amerigo Vespucci's account states that the expedition reached the latitude \"\"South Pole elevation 52° S\"\", in the \"\"cold\"\" latitudes of what is now southern Patagonia (possibly near the Strait), before turning", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 34 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16845276", "chunk_text": "Pangaea\nand along the adjacent margins of east Africa, Antarctica and Madagascar, new rifts were forming that would lead to the formation of the southwestern Indian Ocean that would open up in the Cretaceous. The second major phase in the break-up of Pangaea began in the Early Cretaceous (150–140 Ma), when the minor supercontinent of Gondwana separated into multiple continents (Africa, South America, India, Antarctica, and Australia). The subduction at Tethyan Trench probably caused Africa, India and Australia to move northward, causing the opening of a \"\"South Indian Ocean\"\". In the Early Cretaceous, Atlantica, today's South America and Africa, finally separated", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 35 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13698609", "chunk_text": "Continent\nperiphery of the North American Plate, is sometimes referred to as a subcontinent. This is a significant departure from the more conventional view of a subcontinent as comprising a very large peninsula on the fringe of a continent. Where the Americas are viewed as a single continent (America), it is divided into two subcontinents (North America and South America) or three (with Central America being the third). When Eurasia is regarded as a single continent, Europe is treated as a subcontinent. Some areas of continental crust are largely covered by the sea and may be considered submerged continents. Notable examples", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 36 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5059745", "chunk_text": "Gondwana\nGondwana Gondwana (),(or Gondwanaland), was a supercontinent that existed from the Neoproterozoic (about 550 million years ago) until the Carboniferous (about 320 million years ago). It was formed by the accretion of several cratons. Eventually, Gondwana became the largest piece of continental crust of the Paleozoic Era, covering an area of about . During the Carboniferous, it merged with Euramerica to form a larger supercontinent called Pangaea. Gondwana (and Pangaea) gradually broke up during the Mesozoic Era. The remnants of Gondwana make up about two-thirds of today's continental area, including South America, Africa, Antarctica, Australia, and the Indian Subcontinent. The", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 37 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19195218", "chunk_text": "Continent\nNewfoundland are margins of the Laurasian continent—only separated by inland seas flooding its margins. Plate tectonics offers yet another way of defining continents. Today, Europe and most of Asia constitute the unified Eurasian Plate, which is approximately coincident with the geographic Eurasian continent excluding India, Arabia, and far eastern Russia. India contains a central shield, and the geologically recent Himalaya mobile belt forms its northern margin. North America and South America are separate continents, the connecting isthmus being largely the result of volcanism from relatively recent subduction tectonics. North American continental rocks extend to Greenland (a portion of the Canadian", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 38 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4331015", "chunk_text": "Proterozoic\nsupercontinent Columbia and prior to the assemblage of the supercontinent Gondwana (~500 Ma). The defining orogenic event associated with the formation of Gondwana was the collision of Africa, South America, Antarctica and Australia forming the Pan-African orogeny. Columbia was dominant in the early-mid Proterozoic and not much is known about continental assemblages before then. There are a few plausible models that explain tectonics of the early Earth pre-Columbia, but the current most plausible theory is that prior to Columbia, there were only a few independent craton formations scattered around the Earth (not necessarily a supercontinent formation like Rodinia or Columbia).", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 39 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4662933", "chunk_text": "\"Continental drift\"\nhis own. In the mid-20th century, the theory of continental drift was referred to as the \"\"Taylor-Wegener hypothesis\"\", although this terminology eventually fell out of common use. Alfred Wegener first presented his hypothesis to the German Geological Society on 6 January 1912. His hypothesis was that the continents had once formed a single landmass, called Pangaea, before breaking apart and drifting to their present locations. Wegener was the first to use the phrase \"\"continental drift\"\" (1912, 1915) (in German \"\"die Verschiebung der Kontinente\"\" – translated into English in 1922) and formally publish the hypothesis that the continents had somehow \"\"drifted\"\"", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 40 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9787733", "chunk_text": "Paleocontinent\ninto one giant continent there was a giant ocean to match. Pangea broke apart after 70 million years. The supercontinent was torn apart through fragmentation, which is where parts of the main landmass would break off in stages. There were two main events that led to the dispersal of Pangea. The first was a passive rifting event that occurred in the Triassic period. This rifting event caused the Atlantic Ocean to form. The other event was an active rifting event. This happened in the Lower Jurassic and caused the opening of the Indian Ocean.This breakup took 17 million years to", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 41 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2591122", "chunk_text": "\"Geological history of Earth\"\nby equatorial seas (they joined during the Neogene); the components of the former southern supercontinent Gondwana continued to split apart, with Africa, South America, Antarctica and Australia pulling away from each other. Africa was heading north toward Europe, slowly closing the Tethys Ocean, and India began its migration to Asia that would lead to a tectonic collision and the formation of the Himalayas. During the Eocene ( - ), the continents continued to drift toward their present positions. At the beginning of the period, Australia and Antarctica remained connected, and warm equatorial currents mixed with colder Antarctic waters, distributing the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 42 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13104250", "chunk_text": "\"Mu (lost continent)\"\nMu (lost continent) Mu is the name of a suggested lost continent whose concept and name were proposed by 19th-century traveler and writer Augustus Le Plongeon, who claimed that several ancient civilizations, such as those of Egypt and Mesoamerica, were created by refugees from Mu — which he stated was located in the Atlantic Ocean. This concept was popularized and expanded by James Churchward, who asserted that Mu was once located in the Pacific. The existence of Mu was already being disputed in Le Plongeon's time. Currently scientists dismiss the concept of Mu (and other alleged lost continents such as", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 43 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19195197", "chunk_text": "Continent\nof Australia. Pacific islands with ties to other continents (such as Japan, Hawaii or Easter Island) are usually grouped with those continents rather than Oceania. This term is used in several different continental models instead of Australia. The following table summarizes the area and population of each continental region using the seven continent model. The total land area of all continents is , or 29.1% of earth's surface (). Aside from the conventionally known continents, the scope and meaning of the term \"\"continent\"\" varies. Supercontinents, largely in evidence earlier in the geological record, are landmasses that comprise more than one", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 44 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19195191", "chunk_text": "Continent\ncontinent. From this perspective, the edge of the continental shelf is the true edge of the continent, as shorelines vary with changes in sea level. In this sense the islands of Great Britain and Ireland are part of Europe, while Australia and the island of New Guinea together form a continent. As a cultural construct, the concept of a continent may go beyond the continental shelf to include oceanic islands and continental fragments. In this way, Iceland is considered part of Europe and Madagascar part of Africa. Extrapolating the concept to its extreme, some geographers group the Australian continental plate", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 45 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2717983", "chunk_text": "Atlantica\nAtlantica Atlantica (; \"\"Atlantika\"\") is an ancient continent that formed during the Proterozoic about (two billion years ago, Ga) from various 2 Ga cratons located in what is now West Africa and eastern South America. The name, introduced by , was chosen because the continent opened up to form the South Atlantic Ocean. Atlantica formed simultaneously with Nena at about 1.9 Ga from Archaean cratons, including Amazonia in present-day South America, and the Congo, West Africa and North Africa Cratons in Africa. Atlantica separated from Nena between 1.6–1.4 Ga when Columbia — a supercontinent composed of Ur, Nena, and Atlantica", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 46 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3409285", "chunk_text": "\"North America\"\nfeminine form \"\"America\"\", following the examples of \"\"Europa\"\", \"\"Asia\"\" and \"\"Africa\"\". Later, other mapmakers extended the name \"\"America\"\" to the northern continent, In 1538, Gerard Mercator used \"\"America\"\" on his map of the world for all the Western Hemisphere. Some argue that the convention is to use the surname for naming discoveries except in the case of royalty and so a derivation from \"\"Amerigo Vespucci\"\" could be problematic. Ricardo Palma (1949) proposed a derivation from the \"\"Amerrique\"\" mountains of Central America—Vespucci was the first to discover South America and the \"\"Amerrique\"\" mountains of Central America, which connected his discoveries to", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 47 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19195210", "chunk_text": "Continent\nworld ultimately persisted with these being regarded as separate continents. From the late 18th century, some geographers started to regard North America and South America as two parts of the world, making five parts in total. Overall though, the fourfold division prevailed well into the 19th century. Europeans discovered Australia in 1606, but for some time it was taken as part of Asia. By the late 18th century, some geographers considered it a continent in its own right, making it the sixth (or fifth for those still taking America as a single continent). In 1813, Samuel Butler wrote of Australia", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 48 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13168079", "chunk_text": "Asia\nwas originally a concept of Greek civilization, though this might not correspond to the entire continent currently known by that name. The English word comes from Latin literature, where it has the same form, \"\"Asia\"\". Whether \"\"Asia\"\" in other languages comes from Latin of the Roman Empire is much less certain, and the ultimate source of the Latin word is uncertain, though several theories have been published. One of the first classical writers to use Asia as a name of the whole continent was Pliny. This metonymical change in meaning is common and can be observed in some other geographical", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 49 } ]
test_3488	who was the ruler of england in 1616?	n/a	[ "James I" ]	[]	n/a	n/a	n/a	[]	[ { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19736817", "chunk_text": "\"James VI and I\"\nJames VI and I James VI and I (James Charles Stuart; 19 June 1566 – 27 March 1625) was King of Scotland as James VI from 24 July 1567 and King of England and Ireland as James I from the union of the Scottish and English crowns on 24 March 1603 until his death in 1625. The kingdoms of Scotland and England were individual sovereign states, with their own parliaments, judiciaries, and laws, though both were ruled by James in personal union. James was the son of Mary, Queen of Scots, and a great-great-grandson of Henry VII, King of England", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 0 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1425575", "chunk_text": "\"Jacobean era\"\nSir Christopher Wren in London. See also: Jacobean architecture. In the domain of customs, manners, and everyday life, the Jacobean era saw a distinctly religious tone. Virginia tobacco became popular. James I published his \"\"A Counterblaste to Tobacco\"\" in 1604, but the book had no discernible effect; by 1612, London had 7000 tobacconists and smoking houses. The Virginia colony survived because the English acquired the nicotine habit. Jacobean era The Jacobean era refers to the period in English and Scottish history that coincides with the reign of James VI of Scotland (1567–1625), who also inherited the crown of England in", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 1 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1165915", "chunk_text": "\"Kingdom of England\"\n1558–1603) the Elizabethan Religious Settlement, meanwhile establishing England as a great power and laying the foundations of the British Empire by claiming possessions in the New World. From the accession of James VI and I in 1603, the Stuart dynasty ruled England in personal union with Scotland and Ireland. Under the Stuarts, the kingdom plunged into civil war, which culminated in the execution of Charles I in 1649. The monarchy returned in 1660, but the Civil War had established the precedent that an English monarch cannot govern without the consent of Parliament. This concept became legally established as part of", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 2 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3221321", "chunk_text": "\"Edward VI of England\"\nEdward VI of England Edward VI (12 October 1537 – 6 July 1553) was King of England and Ireland from 28 January 1547 until his death. He was crowned on 20 February at the age of nine. Edward was the son of Henry VIII and Jane Seymour, and England's first monarch to be raised as a Protestant. During his reign, the realm was governed by a regency council because he never reached his majority. The council was first led by his uncle Edward Seymour, 1st Duke of Somerset (1547–1549), and then by John Dudley, 1st Earl of Warwick (1550–1553), from", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 3 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16515280", "chunk_text": "\"Jacobean era\"\nJacobean era The Jacobean era refers to the period in English and Scottish history that coincides with the reign of James VI of Scotland (1567–1625), who also inherited the crown of England in 1603 as James I. The Jacobean era succeeds the Elizabethan era and precedes the Caroline era, and is often used for the distinctive styles of Jacobean architecture, visual arts, decorative arts, and literature which characterized that period. The practical if not formal unification of England and Scotland under one ruler was an important shift of order for both nations, and would shape their existence to the present", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 4 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8441491", "chunk_text": "England\nSpain. An armada sailed from Spain in 1588 as part of a wider plan to invade England and re-establish a Catholic monarchy. The plan was thwarted by bad coordination, stormy weather and successful harrying attacks by an English fleet under Lord Howard of Effingham. This failure did not end the threat: Spain launched two further armadas, in 1596 and 1597, but both were driven back by storms. The political structure of the island changed in 1603, when the King of Scots, James VI, a kingdom which had been a long-time rival to English interests, inherited the throne of England as", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 5 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2301441", "chunk_text": "\"James VI and I\"\nIII of Scotland), the Tudor rose dimidiated with the thistle ensigned with the royal crown, a harp (for Ireland) and a fleur de lys (for France). James's queen, Anne of Denmark, gave birth to seven children who survived beyond birth, of whom three reached adulthood: James VI and I James VI and I (James Charles Stuart; 19 June 1566 – 27 March 1625) was King of Scotland as James VI from 24 July 1567 and King of England and Ireland as James I from the union of the Scottish and English crowns on 24 March 1603 until his death in", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 6 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3153873", "chunk_text": "\"Charles I of England\"\nCharles I of England Charles I (19 November 1600 – 30 January 1649) was the monarch over the three kingdoms of England, Scotland, and Ireland from 27 March 1625 until his execution in 1649. Charles was born into the House of Stuart as the second son of King James VI of Scotland, but after his father inherited the English throne in 1603, he moved to England, where he spent much of the rest of his life. He became heir apparent to the thrones of England, Scotland and Ireland on the death of his elder brother, Henry Frederick, Prince of Wales,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 7 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16334598", "chunk_text": "\"Henry Frederick, Prince of Wales\"\nHenry Frederick, Prince of Wales Henry Frederick, Prince of Wales (19 February 1594 – 6 November 1612) was the elder son of James VI and I, King of England and Scotland, and his wife, Anne of Denmark. His name derives from his grandfathers: Henry Stuart, Lord Darnley, and Frederick II of Denmark. Prince Henry was widely seen as a bright and promising heir to his father's thrones. However, at the age of 18, he predeceased his father when he died of typhoid fever. His younger brother Charles succeeded him as heir apparent to the English, Irish and Scottish thrones. Henry", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 8 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "613689", "chunk_text": "\"Robert Cecil, 1st Earl of Salisbury\"\nRobert Cecil, 1st Earl of Salisbury Robert Cecil, 1st Earl of Salisbury, (1 June 1563? – 24 May 1612) was an English statesman noted for his skillful direction of the government during the Union of the Crowns, as Tudor England gave way to Stuart rule (1603). Salisbury served as the Secretary of State of England (1596–1612) and Lord High Treasurer (1608–1612), succeeding his father as Queen Elizabeth I's Lord Privy Seal and remaining in power during the first nine years of King James I's reign until his death. The principal discoverer of the Gunpowder Plot of 1605, Salisbury remains a", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 9 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12369142", "chunk_text": "\"Henry Frederick, Prince of Wales\"\nmemory of Prince Henry by John Ward remaining unpublished during the composer's lifetime; however, a \"\"newly composed\"\" song on the same subject was included in his \"\"First Set\"\" of Madrigals (1613). Henry Frederick as Prince of Wales bore the arms of the kingdom, differenced by a \"\"label argent of three points\"\". Henry Frederick, Prince of Wales Henry Frederick, Prince of Wales (19 February 1594 – 6 November 1612) was the elder son of James VI and I, King of England and Scotland, and his wife, Anne of Denmark. His name derives from his grandfathers: Henry Stuart, Lord Darnley, and Frederick", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 10 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3637669", "chunk_text": "\"Bye Plot\"\nBye Plot The Bye Plot of 1603 was a conspiracy, by Roman Catholic priests and Puritans aiming at tolerance for their respective denominations, to kidnap the new English King, James I of England. It is referred to as the \"\"bye\"\" plot, because at the time it was presented as a minor component of a larger plot (the so-called \"\"main\"\" plot). Elizabeth I of England died at the end of March 1603, and James VI of Scotland claimed the English throne, with effectively no overt opposition. The religious situation in England and Wales included a substantial number of Catholics subject to", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 11 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4701659", "chunk_text": "\"Charles I of England\"\nthe second quarter. Charles had nine children, two of whom eventually succeeded as king, and two of whom died at or shortly after birth. Charles I of England Charles I (19 November 1600 – 30 January 1649) was the monarch over the three kingdoms of England, Scotland, and Ireland from 27 March 1625 until his execution in 1649. Charles was born into the House of Stuart as the second son of King James VI of Scotland, but after his father inherited the English throne in 1603, he moved to England, where he spent much of the rest of his life.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 12 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3222369", "chunk_text": "\"Edward VI of England\"\nThirty-nine Articles of 1563 were largely based on Cranmer's Forty-two Articles. The theological developments of Edward's reign provided a vital source of reference for Elizabeth's religious policies, though the internationalism of the Edwardian Reformation was never revived. Edward VI of England Edward VI (12 October 1537 – 6 July 1553) was King of England and Ireland from 28 January 1547 until his death. He was crowned on 20 February at the age of nine. Edward was the son of Henry VIII and Jane Seymour, and England's first monarch to be raised as a Protestant. During his reign, the realm was", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 13 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11930404", "chunk_text": "\"History of England\"\npower to succeed the current ruler of France, Charles VI of France. The Treaty also provided that he would marry Charles VI's daughter, Catherine of Valois. They married in 1421. Henry died of dysentery in 1422, leaving a number of unfulfilled plans, including his plan to take over as King of France and to lead a crusade to retake Jerusalem from the Muslims. Henry V's son, Henry VI, became king in 1422 as an infant. His reign was marked by constant turmoil due to his political weaknesses. While he was growing up, England was ruled by the Regency government. The", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 14 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7813084", "chunk_text": "\"Henry VI of England\"\nHenry VI of England Henry VI (6 December 1421 – 21 May 1471) was King of England from 1422 to 1461 and again from 1470 to 1471, and disputed King of France from 1422 to 1453. The only child of Henry V, he succeeded to the English throne at the age of nine months upon his father's death, and succeeded to the French throne on the death of his maternal grandfather Charles VI shortly afterwards. Henry inherited the long-running Hundred Years' War (1337–1453), in which his uncle Charles VII contested his claim to the French throne. He is the only", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 15 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8440549", "chunk_text": "\"Henry Neville (died 1615)\"\nimprisoned in the Tower of London. His close friend, Henry Wriothesley, 3rd Earl of Southampton, was also imprisoned there at this time in connection with the plot. He was stripped of his position and fined £5,000, which he agreed to pay in annual instalments of £1,000. After the death of Elizabeth I of England and the accession of James I a Royal Warrant was issued for his release. After his release, he played a greater role in the political life of the nation, but earned the antagonism of King James by advocating the King surrender to the demands of the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 16 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7614392", "chunk_text": "\"History of England\"\nfirst monarch to rule the entire island of Britain, but the countries remained separate politically. Upon taking power, James made peace with Spain, and for the first half of the 17th century, England remained largely inactive in European politics. Several assassination attempts were made on James, notably the Main Plot and Bye Plots of 1603, and most famously, on 5 November 1605, the Gunpowder Plot, by a group of Catholic conspirators, led by Robert Catesby, which caused more antipathy in England towards Catholicism. In 1607 England built an establishment at Jamestown. This was the beginning of colonialism by England in", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 17 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5932068", "chunk_text": "\"Charter of 1606\"\nCharter of 1606 The 'Charter of 1606', also known as the First Charter of Virginia, is a document from King James I of England to the Virginia Company assigning land rights to colonists for the stated purpose of propagating the Christian religion. The land is described as coastal Virginia and islands near to the coast, but the surveying numbers correspond to modern day Bahamas to Canada. The patch of land itself would remain the property of the King, with the London Company and the Plymouth Company (the two divisions of the Virginia Company) as the King's tenants, and the settlers", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 18 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16515289", "chunk_text": "\"Jacobean era\"\nYears' War. King James' determination to avoid involvement in the continental conflict, even during the \"\"war fever\"\" of 1623, appears in retrospect as one of the most significant, and most positive, aspects of his reign. In literature, some of Shakespeare's most prominent plays, including \"\"King Lear\"\" (1605), \"\"Macbeth\"\" (1606), and \"\"The Tempest\"\" (1610), were written during the reign of James I. Patronage came not just from James, but from James' wife Anne of Denmark. Also during this period were powerful works by John Webster, Thomas Middleton, John Ford and Ben Jonson. Ben Jonson also contributed to some of the era's", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 19 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4726029", "chunk_text": "\"John Donne\"\nMember of Parliament (MP) for the constituency of Brackley, but membership was not a paid position. Queen Elizabeth I died in 1603, being succeeded by King James VI of Scotland as King James I of England. The fashion for coterie poetry of the period gave Donne a means to seek patronage, and many of his poems were written for wealthy friends or patrons, especially MP Sir Robert Drury of Hawsted (1575–1615), whom he met in 1610 and became Donne's chief patron, furnishing him and his family an apartment in his large house in Drury Lane. In 1610 and 1611 Donne", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 20 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19736818", "chunk_text": "\"James VI and I\"\nand Lord of Ireland, positioning him to eventually accede to all three thrones. James succeeded to the Scottish throne at the age of thirteen months, after his mother was compelled to abdicate in his favour. Four different regents governed during his minority, which ended officially in 1578, though he did not gain full control of his government until 1583. In 1603, he succeeded the last Tudor monarch of England and Ireland, Elizabeth I, who died childless. He continued to reign in all three kingdoms for 22 years, a period known after him as the Jacobean era, until his death in", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 21 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7887154", "chunk_text": "\"Hampton Court Palace\"\nkitchen built; today, this is the palace's public tea room. On the death of Elizabeth I in 1603, the Tudor period came to an end. The Queen was succeeded by her first cousin-twice-removed, the Scottish King, James VI, who became known in England as James I of the House of Stuart. In 1604, the palace was the site of King James' meeting with representatives of the English Puritans, known as the Hampton Court Conference; while agreement with the Puritans was not reached, the meeting led to James's commissioning of the King James Version of the Bible. King James was succeeded", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 22 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13901232", "chunk_text": "\"James VI and I and religious issues\"\nJames VI and I and religious issues James VI and I (James Stuart) (June 19, 1566 – March 27, 1625), King of Scots, King of England, and king of Ireland, faced many complicated religious challenges during his reigns in Scotland and England. In Scotland, he inherited a developing reformed church, the Kirk, which was attempting to rid the country of bishops, dioceses, and parishes and establish a fully Presbyterian system, run by ministers and elders. However, James saw the bishops as the natural allies of the monarchy and frequently came into conflict with the Kirk in his sustained effort to", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 23 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16772626", "chunk_text": "\"Henry VI of England\"\nHenry's arms were those of the kingdom, differenced by a label argent of three points. Henry VI of England Henry VI (6 December 1421 – 21 May 1471) was King of England from 1422 to 1461 and again from 1470 to 1471, and disputed King of France from 1422 to 1453. The only child of Henry V, he succeeded to the English throne at the age of nine months upon his father's death, and succeeded to the French throne on the death of his maternal grandfather Charles VI shortly afterwards. Henry inherited the long-running Hundred Years' War (1337–1453), in which", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 24 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3922100", "chunk_text": "\"Descendants of James VI and I\"\nthe restoration of the monarchy in 1660. Descendants of James VI and I James VI and I (19 June 1566 – 27 March 1625), the only child of Mary, Queen of Scots, was King of Scots from 1567 and King of England and Ireland from 1603, being the first monarch of the House of Stuart to rule all three countries. His descendants include Elizabeth II of the United Kingdom, Philippe of Belgium, Felipe VI of Spain, Carl XVI Gustaf of Sweden, Margrethe II of Denmark, Harald V of Norway, Willem-Alexander of the Netherlands, and Henri, Grand Duke of Luxembourg. This", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 25 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3371903", "chunk_text": "\"Union of the Crowns\"\nUnion of the Crowns The Union of the Crowns (; ) was the accession of James VI of Scotland to the thrones of England and Ireland, and the consequential unification for some purposes (such as overseas diplomacy) of the three realms under a single monarch on 24 March 1603. The Union of Crowns followed the death of Elizabeth I of England, the last monarch of the Tudor dynasty, who was James's unmarried and childless first cousin twice removed. The Union was a personal or dynastic union, with the Crown of Scotland remaining both distinct and separate—despite James's best efforts to", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 26 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8024011", "chunk_text": "\"History of the formation of the United Kingdom\"\nMargaret Tudor, was the only generally acceptable heir to the English throne. From 1601, Elizabeth I's chief minister Sir Robert Cecil maintained a secret correspondence with James in order to prepare in advance for a smooth succession. Elizabeth died on 24 March 1603, and James was proclaimed king in London later the same day. Despite sharing a monarchy, Scotland and England continued as separate countries with separate parliaments for over one hundred more years. James had the idealistic ambition of building on the personal union of the crowns of Scotland and England so as to establish a permanent Union of", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 27 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8612262", "chunk_text": "\"History of England\"\ndied of smallpox. It has been often rumoured that she had a number of lovers (including Francis Drake), but there is no hard evidence. Elizabeth maintained relative government stability. Apart from the Revolt of the Northern Earls in 1569, she was effective in reducing the power of the old nobility and expanding the power of her government. Elizabeth's government did much to consolidate the work begun under Thomas Cromwell in the reign of Henry VIII, that is, expanding the role of the government and effecting common law and administration throughout England. During the reign of Elizabeth and shortly afterwards, the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 28 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17320260", "chunk_text": "\"Charter of 1606\"\nto practice their duties as outlined in the paragraphs above. Charter of 1606 The 'Charter of 1606', also known as the First Charter of Virginia, is a document from King James I of England to the Virginia Company assigning land rights to colonists for the stated purpose of propagating the Christian religion. The land is described as coastal Virginia and islands near to the coast, but the surveying numbers correspond to modern day Bahamas to Canada. The patch of land itself would remain the property of the King, with the London Company and the Plymouth Company (the two divisions of", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 29 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14961201", "chunk_text": "\"Henry VIII of England\"\nthe Stuarts, rulers of Scotland – were thereby excluded from the succession. This final provision failed when James VI of Scotland became King of England in 1603. Henry cultivated the image of a Renaissance man, and his court was a centre of scholarly and artistic innovation and glamorous excess, epitomised by the Field of the Cloth of Gold. He scouted the country for choirboys, taking some directly from Wolsey's choir, and introduced Renaissance music into court. Musicians included Benedict de Opitiis, Richard Sampson, Ambrose Lupo, and Venetian organist Dionisio Memo. Henry himself kept a considerable collection of instruments; he was", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 30 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13110746", "chunk_text": "\"Mary Stuart (1605–1607)\"\nMary Stuart (1605–1607) Mary Stuart (8 April 1605 16 September 1607) was the third daughter and sixth child of James VI and I, the first king of a unified England, Scotland and Ireland, by Anne of Denmark, daughter of Frederick II of Denmark and sister of Christian IV of Denmark; her birth was much anticipated. She developed pneumonia at 17 months and died the following year. The first child to be born to Anne and James after James succeeded Elizabeth I of England, Mary was the first princess of Great Britain, although then it was not so named. Her birth", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 31 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17808790", "chunk_text": "\"Edward IV of England\"\nEdward IV of England Edward IV (28 April 1442 – 9 April 1483) was the King of England from 4 March 1461 to 3 October 1470, and again from 11 April 1471 until his death. He was the first Yorkist King of England. The first half of his rule was marred by the violence associated with the Wars of the Roses, but he overcame the Lancastrian challenge to the throne at Tewkesbury in 1471 to reign in peace until his sudden death. Before becoming king, he was Duke of York, Earl of March, Earl of Cambridge and Earl of Ulster.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 32 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13800063", "chunk_text": "\"History of the Puritans under King James I\"\nHistory of the Puritans under King James I The reign of King James I of England, from 1603-1625, saw the continued rise of the Puritan movement in England, that began during the long and prosperous reign of Queen Elizabeth (1558-1603), and its ongoing clash with the authorities of the Church of England. This eventually led to the further alienation of Anglicans and Puritans from one another in the 17th century during the reign of King Charles I (1625-1649), that eventually brought about the English Civil War (1642-1651), the brief rule of the Puritan Lord Protector of England Oliver Cromwell (1653-1658),", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 33 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1165918", "chunk_text": "\"Kingdom of England\"\neschewed in favour of ' or \"\"\"\". In 1604 James I, who had inherited the English throne the previous year, adopted the title (now usually rendered in English rather than Latin) \"\"King of Great Britain\"\". The English and Scottish parliaments, however, did not recognise this title until the Acts of Union of 1707. The kingdom of England emerged from the gradual unification of the early medieval Anglo-Saxon kingdoms known as the Heptarchy: East Anglia, Mercia, Northumbria, Kent, Essex, Sussex, and Wessex. The Viking invasions of the 9th century upset the balance of power between the English kingdoms, and native Anglo-Saxon", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 34 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7921336", "chunk_text": "\"Anne of Denmark\"\nAnne of Denmark Anne of Denmark (; 12 December 1574 – 2 March 1619) was Queen consort of Scotland, England, and Ireland by marriage to King James VI and I. The second daughter of King Frederick II of Denmark, Anne married James in 1589 at age 15 and bore him three children who survived infancy, including the future Charles I. She demonstrated an independent streak and a willingness to use factional Scottish politics in her conflicts with James over the custody of Prince Henry and his treatment of her friend Beatrix Ruthven. Anne appears to have loved James at first,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 35 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5898355", "chunk_text": "\"The Speeches at Prince Henry's Barriers\"\n1616, and was thereafter included in editions of his works. The Speeches at Prince Henry's Barriers The Speeches at Prince Henry's Barriers, sometimes called The Lady of the Lake, is a masque or entertainment written by Ben Jonson in honour of Henry Frederick, Prince of Wales, the son and heir of King James I of England. The speeches were performed on 6 January 1610 in conjunction with the ceremony known as Prince Henry's Barriers. \"\"Barriers\"\" was a stylized martial combat, conducted on foot with swords and pikes; it was something like a joust without horses. Though ceremonial in nature, the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 36 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4376421", "chunk_text": "\"History of the foreign relations of the United Kingdom\"\nconflict in 1604. By 1600 the conflict with Spain became deadlocked during campaigns in Brittany and Ireland. James I, the new king of England made peace with the new King of Spain, Philip III with the Treaty of London in 1604. They agreed to cease their military interventions in the Spanish Netherlands and Ireland, respectively, and the English ended high seas privateering against Spanish merchant ships. King James I (reigned 1603–25) was sincerely devoted to peace, not just for his three kingdoms, but for Europe as a whole. He disliked Puritans and Jesuits alike, because of their eagerness for warfare.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 37 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9108083", "chunk_text": "\"Oath of Allegiance of James I of England\"\nOath of Allegiance of James I of England The Oath of Allegiance of 1606 was an oath required of subjects of James I of England from 1606, the year after the Gunpowder Plot of 1605 (see Popish Recusants Act 1605); it was also called the \"\"Oath of Obedience\"\" (). Whatever effect it had on the loyalty of his subjects, it caused an international controversy lasting a decade and more. The oath was proclaimed law on 22 June 1606. It contained seven affirmations, and was targeted on \"\"activist political ideology\"\". The clause against the papal deposing power read: On 22 September", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 38 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5325683", "chunk_text": "Britannia\nthrone. He became James I of England, and so brought under his personal rule the Kingdoms of England (and the dominion of Wales), Ireland and Scotland. On 20 October 1604, James VI and I proclaimed himself as \"\"King of Great Brittaine, France and Ireland\"\", a title that continued to be used by many of his successors. When James came to the English throne, some elaborate pageants were staged. One pageant performed on the streets of London in 1605 was described in Anthony Munday's \"\"Triumphs of Reunited Britannia\"\": On a mount triangular, as the island of Britain itself is described to", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 39 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10365497", "chunk_text": "\"Descendants of James VI and I\"\nDescendants of James VI and I James VI and I (19 June 1566 – 27 March 1625), the only child of Mary, Queen of Scots, was King of Scots from 1567 and King of England and Ireland from 1603, being the first monarch of the House of Stuart to rule all three countries. His descendants include Elizabeth II of the United Kingdom, Philippe of Belgium, Felipe VI of Spain, Carl XVI Gustaf of Sweden, Margrethe II of Denmark, Harald V of Norway, Willem-Alexander of the Netherlands, and Henri, Grand Duke of Luxembourg. This article deals with numerous descendants of James", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 40 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14771175", "chunk_text": "\"English Civil War\"\nled to many decisive victories. The English Civil War broke out less than forty years after the death of Queen Elizabeth I in 1603. Elizabeth's death had resulted in the succession of her first cousin twice-removed, King James VI of Scotland, to the English throne as James I of England, creating the first personal union of the Scottish and English kingdoms. As King of Scots, James had become accustomed to Scotland's weak parliamentary tradition since assuming control of the Scottish government in 1583, so that upon assuming power south of the border, the new King of England was genuinely affronted", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 41 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5588782", "chunk_text": "\"Thomas Dale\"\nThomas Dale Sir Thomas Dale (died 19 August 1619) was an English naval commander and deputy-governor of the Virginia Colony in 1611 and from 1614 to 1616. Governor Dale is best remembered for the energy and the extreme rigour of his administration in Virginia, which established order and in various ways seems to have benefited the colony, although he was criticised for high-handedness. He is also credited with the establishment of Bermuda Hundred, Bermuda Cittie, and the Cittie of Henricus. Little is concretely known about Dale's early life and there are no remaining records of his birth date, birth location,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 42 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13809626", "chunk_text": "\"William Bradford (governor)\"\nmeeting, Bradford met William Brewster, a bailiff and postmaster who lived at Scrooby manor, four miles from Austerfield. During frequent visits, Bradford borrowed books from him, and Brewster regaled him with stories of the efforts toward church reform taking place throughout England. King James I came to the English throne in 1603, declaring that he would put an end to church reform movements and deal harshly with radical critics of the Church of England. By 1607, secret meetings were being held at Scrooby Manor and about 50 reform-minded individuals began to worship together, led by Richard Clyfton and the Rev", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 43 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19537018", "chunk_text": "\"James VI and I\"\nand of itself by nature indivisible?\"\" In April 1604, however, the Commons refused his request to be titled \"\"King of Great Britain\"\" on legal grounds. In October 1604, he assumed the title \"\"King of Great Britain\"\" instead of \"\"King of England\"\" and \"\"King of Scotland\"\", though Sir Francis Bacon told him that he could not use the style in \"\"any legal proceeding, instrument or assurance\"\" and the title was not used on English statutes. James forced the Parliament of Scotland to use it, and it was used on proclamations, coinage, letters, and treaties in both realms. James achieved more success", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 44 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14506222", "chunk_text": "\"North Britain\"\nNorth Britain \"\"North Britain\"\" is a term which has been occasionally used, particularly in the 17th and 18th centuries, for either the northern part of Great Britain or to Scotland, which occupies the northernmost third of the island. Its counterpart is \"\"South Britain\"\", generally used to refer to England and Wales. Early uses of the designation have been noted after the 1603 Union of the Crowns of the Kingdoms of England and Scotland. King James VI & I used the terms \"\"South Britain\"\" and \"\"North Britain\"\" for England and Scotland respectively, most famously in his Proclamation of 1606 (\"\"here\"\") establishing", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 45 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19736819", "chunk_text": "\"James VI and I\"\n1625 at the age of 58. After the Union of the Crowns, he based himself in England (the largest of the three realms) from 1603, only returning to Scotland once in 1617, and styled himself \"\"King of Great Britain and Ireland\"\". He was a major advocate of a single parliament for England and Scotland. In his reign, the Plantation of Ulster and British colonisation of the Americas began. At 57 years and 246 days, James's reign in Scotland was longer than those of any of his predecessors. He achieved most of his aims in Scotland but faced great difficulties in", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 46 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14782334", "chunk_text": "\"Scotland in the early modern period\"\nincreasing control of his kingdom. Between 1584 and 1603, he established effective royal government and relative peace among the lords, assisted by John Maitland of Thirlestane, who led the government until 1592. In 1586, James signed the Treaty of Berwick with England, which, with the execution of his mother in 1587, helped clear the way for his succession to the childless Queen Elizabeth I of England. He married Anne of Denmark in 1590, daughter of Frederick II, the king of Denmark; she bore him two sons and a daughter. In 1603, James VI King of Scots inherited the throne of", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 47 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1425562", "chunk_text": "\"Jacobean era\"\nthe debt to £300,000 and the annual deficit to £46,000 by 1610—but could not follow the same method of relief much farther. The result was a series of tense and often failed negotiations with Parliament for financial supports, a situation that deteriorated over the reigns of James and his son and heir Charles I until the crisis of the English Civil War. The Jacobean era ended with a severe economic depression in 1620–1626, complicated by a serious outbreak of bubonic plague in London in 1625. King James I was sincerely devoted to peace, not just for his three kingdoms but", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 48 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6832895", "chunk_text": "\"Edward Hoby\"\nEdward Hoby Sir Edward Hoby (1560 – 1 March 1617) was an English diplomat, Member of Parliament, scholar, and soldier during the reigns of Elizabeth I and James I. He was the son of Thomas Hoby and Elizabeth Cooke, the nephew of William Cecil, Lord Burghley, and the son-in-law of Queen Elizabeth's cousin Henry Carey, 1st Baron Hunsdon. A favourite of King James, Hoby published several works supporting the Protestant cause as well as translations from the French and Spanish. His heir was his illegitimate son, Peregrine Hoby. Born at Bisham Abbey, Berkshire, in 1560, Edward Hoby was the eldest", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 49 } ]
test_3489	what episode does caroline get turned into a vampire?	n/a	[ "Brave New World", "The Return" ]	[]	n/a	n/a	n/a	[]	[ { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16549830", "chunk_text": "\"Friday Night Bites\"\n\"\"First Novels Club\"\" said that although it was not her favorite episode it was still pretty excellent. Friday Night Bites \"\"Friday Night Bites\"\" is the third episode of the first season of The CW television series, \"\"The Vampire Diaries\"\" and the third episode of the series overall. It originally aired on Thursday, September 24, 2009. The episode was written by Barbie Kligman and Bryan M. Holdman and directed by John Dahl. Caroline (Candice Accola) awakens after the night she spent with Damon (Ian Somerhalder) to find bite marks on her neck. She tries to escape from her room before Damon", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 0 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8132219", "chunk_text": "\"Brave New World (The Vampire Diaries)\"\nBrave New World (The Vampire Diaries) \"\"Brave New World\"\" is the 2nd episode of the second season of The CW television series, \"\"The Vampire Diaries\"\" and the 24th episode of the series overall. It originally aired on September 16, 2010. The episode was written by Brian Young and directed by John Dahl. Caroline (Candice Accola) wakes up in the hospital after Katherine (Nina Dobrev) killed her and she is hungry. She asks for food from the nurse but she sends her back to bed. Caroline smells blood from the next room and without knowing what is happening to her, she", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 1 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19315519", "chunk_text": "\"Friday Night Bites\"\nFriday Night Bites \"\"Friday Night Bites\"\" is the third episode of the first season of The CW television series, \"\"The Vampire Diaries\"\" and the third episode of the series overall. It originally aired on Thursday, September 24, 2009. The episode was written by Barbie Kligman and Bryan M. Holdman and directed by John Dahl. Caroline (Candice Accola) awakens after the night she spent with Damon (Ian Somerhalder) to find bite marks on her neck. She tries to escape from her room before Damon hears her, but he thwarts her attempt and attacks her again. Bonnie (Kat Graham) worries about Elena", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 2 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16082108", "chunk_text": "\"Vampire High\"\nvampire Marty joins the group and immediately starts breaking the rules. Season 1, Episode 3: In Your Dreams<br> Director: Carl Goldstein<br> Writer: Laura Kosterski<br> Original Air Date: 29 September 2001<br> US airdate: 21 January 2002<br> Sherry mistakenly believes that her old boyfriend is her secret admirer, and Drew attempts to contact her in her dreams. Season 1, Episode 4: A Grave Matter<br> Director: Adam Weissman<br> Writer: Alex Epstein<br> Original Air Date: 6 October 2001<br> US airdate: 28 January 2002<br> Karl becomes depressed and agitated, and is spotted by a former classmate who realizes he's supposed to be dead. Murdoch fends", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 3 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16082110", "chunk_text": "\"Vampire High\"\nMansbridge Academy. Season 1, Episode 7: Feeding Frenzy<br> Original Air Date: 27 October 2001<br> Director: Carl Goldstein<br> Writer: Matthew Hasting<br> US airdate: 18 February 2002<br> Murdoch tries to wean the students off of real blood, but when Essie and Marty go to town to test the experiment, something goes horribly wrong. Season 1, Episode 8: What's Up, Doc?<br> Original Air Date: 3 November 2001<br> Director: Jimmy Kaufman<br> Writer: Craig Volk & Laura Kosterski<br> US airdate: 25 February 2002<br> The students become curious about Dr. Murdoch. Season 1, Episode 9: The Withering<br> Director: Giles Walker<br> Writer: Laura Kosterski<br> Original Air Date:", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 4 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16082115", "chunk_text": "\"Vampire High\"\nhelps Drew come to terms with his relationship with Sherry. Season 1, Episode 18: The Huntress<br> Director: Jimmy Kaufman<br> Writer: Sherman Snukal & Laura Kosterski<br> Original Air Date: 9 March 2002<br> US airdate: 6 May 2002<br> An evil spirit, who is set on destroying any vampire to dare love a mortal, for she was killed by one, targets his wrath on Drew and his love for Sherry. Meanwhile, Merrill and Essie investigate the new Day School girl, Dillan, and try to determine what her story is. Season 1, Episode 19: The Portrait<br> Director: Erik Canuel<br> Writer: Nancy Trites Botkin &", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 5 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12913051", "chunk_text": "\"Vampire High\"\nside; otherwise she could lose her fight to humanity. Season 1, Episode 22: Sunrise<br> Director: Daniel Grou<br> Writer: Mark Shekter<br> Original Air Date: 6 April 2002<br> US airdate: 27 May 2002<br> A grief-stricken, embittered Drew embraces the dark side of his predatory nature and conjures up an ancient force to become all powerful, after the death of his beloved. Meanwhile, Dillan and Mimi meet and bond over Sherry's death. Season 1, Episode 23: Lost Weekend<br> Director: Jimmy Kaufman<br> Writer: Mark Shekter<br> Original Air Date: 13 April 2002<br> US airdate: 3 February 2003<br> During spring break, Marty and Merrill have the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 6 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16082116", "chunk_text": "\"Vampire High\"\nLaura Kosterski<br> Original Air Date: 16 March 2002<br> US airdate: 13 May 2002<br> While pursuing their romance, Sherry convinces Drew to paint her portrait which leads to an unexpected side effect as well as the revelation of Drew's past - and true name. Season 1, Episode 20: The Awakening<br> Director: Erik Canuel<br> Writer: Mark Shekter<br> Original Air Date: 23 March 2002<br> US airdate: 20 May 2002<br> After being expelled from Mansbridge Academy, Drew reveals his true identity but before he can leave, mortal Sherry falls mysteriously ill and he considers turning her and taking her with him. Meanwhile, Merrill is", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 7 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13367724", "chunk_text": "\"The World Has Turned and Left Me Here (The Vampire Diaries)\"\ninformation he knows about vampires. Enzo told him that there is a vampire in Savannah, where Stefan is, and that leads Stefan to get back to Mystic Falls with Ivy (Emily C. Chang) to avoid the vampire hunters. Stefan arrives at Caroline's (Candice Accola) dorm and asks her help with Ivy. Caroline tries to keep Ivy in the dorm but Ivy snaps her neck and gets away. When Caroline wakes up, she tries to reach Stefan while she is out searching for Ivy, but he is not answering his phone. Ivy finds a guy and attacks him but she manages", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 8 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12913053", "chunk_text": "\"Vampire High\"\nCanuel<br> Writer: Mark Shekter<br> Original Air Date: 27 April 2002<br> US airdate 17 February 2003<br> Evading government agents, a rogue vampire stumbles upon Mansbridge Academy and not only threatens the Experiment but selects Karl as the one she wants to turn to the dark side. Meanwhile, Dillan finds a speech written by Drew and becomes attracted to him. Season 1, Episode 26: Vampire's Patient<br> Director: Erik Canuel<br> Writer: Mark Shekter<br> Original Air Date: 4 May 2002<br> US airdate: 24 February 2003<br> After day student Dillan is attacked by a suddenly crazed Karl, Drew must choose between saving her life or", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 9 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16082114", "chunk_text": "\"Vampire High\"\n1, Episode 16: Little Sister<br> Director: Daniel Grou<br> Writer: Laura Kosterski & Jennifer Furlong<br> Original Air Date: 23 February 2002<br> US airdate: 22 April 2002<br> Karl's little sister visits the Academy, looking for the spirit of her brother. Season 1, Episode 17: Love's Labours Not Lost<br> Director: Daniel Grou<br> Writer: Gerald Wexler<br> Original Air Date: 2 March 2002<br> US airdate: 29 April 2002<br> When Dr. Murdoch experiences a haunting by a ghost, Merrill and Marty discover the only way to rid him of this being is by Merrill allowing the ghost to possess her and speak to Murdoch. Meanwhile, Karl", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 10 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16082109", "chunk_text": "\"Vampire High\"\noff a special investigator who's on the trail of vampires. Season 1, Episode 5: Things That Go Vamp in the Night<br> Director: Carl Goldstein<br> Writer: Mark Shekter<br> Original Air Date: 13 October 2001<br> US airdate: 4 February 2002<br> Drew attempts to contact Sherry through her Ouija board, but Marty gets up to his old tricks. Season 1, Episode 6: That's Why the Lady Is a Vamp<br> Director: Daniel Grou<br> Writer: Ann MacNaughton<br> Original Air Date: 20 October 2001<br> US airdate: 11 February 2002<br> Merrill's maker shows up in response to a psychic call and wants to take her away from", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 11 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11520642", "chunk_text": "\"Original Vampires (The Vampire Diaries)\"\nand teams up with his siblings to force the Salvatore brothers to prevent his mother from killing the family by kidnapping Elena and threatening to kill her if the Salvatores do not stop Esther's endeavors. Damon ends up turning Bonnie's mother into a vampire, which ends her witch abilities and thus destroys the spell. Esther then flees from Mystic Falls to avoid her family. In the season three episode, \"\"Heart of Darkness\"\", Esther returns to Mystic Falls. She tells Rebekah that she was dying, and wanted to see her daughter one last time; however, she had ulterior motives for returning.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 12 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6093183", "chunk_text": "\"The Descent (The Vampire Diaries)\"\nThe Descent (The Vampire Diaries) \"\"The Descent\"\" is the 12th episode of the second season of The CW television series, \"\"The Vampire Diaries\"\" and the 34th episode of the series overall. It originally aired on January 27, 2011. The episode was written by Elizabeth Craft and Sarah Fain and directed by Marcos Siega. The episode starts with Jules (Michaela McManus) waking up in the woods next to a camp after the full moon night when she attacked Damon (Ian Somerhalder) and bit Rose (Lauren Cohan). She is surrounded by dead campers who she attacked the previous night and she starts", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 13 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16082112", "chunk_text": "\"Vampire High\"\nher lost pet rat. Season 1, Episode 12: The Quivering<br> Director: Adam Weissman<br> Writer: Mark Shekter<br> Original Air Date: 1 December 2001<br> US airdate: 25 March 2002<br> Merrill has a psychic premonition of her own death. Season 1, Episode 13: The Summoning<br> Director: Jimmy Kaufman<br> Writer: Michael Donovan<br> Original Air Date: 8 December 2001<br> US airdate: 1 April 2002<br> Dr. Murdoch leads the night students in an ancient memory exercise that allows each one of the vampires to revisit the kill that they most regret. Season 1, Episode 14: Odd Man Out<br> Director: Jimmy Kaufman<br> Writer: Anne-Marie Perrotta & Tean", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 14 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16513099", "chunk_text": "\"Dead Man on Campus (The Vampire Diaries)\"\nDead Man on Campus (The Vampire Diaries) \"\"Dead Man on Campus\"\" is the eighth episode of the fifth season of the American series \"\"The Vampire Diaries\"\" and the series' 97th episode overall. \"\"Dead Man on Campus\"\" was originally aired on November 21, 2013, on The CW. The episode was written by Brian Young and Neil Reynolds and directed by Rob Hardy. Elena (Nina Dobrev) and Caroline (Candice Accola) plan a welcome back party for Bonnie (Kat Graham). Bonnie still did not tell anyone what being an anchor means and she tries to hide the fact that every supernatural being has", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 15 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16082111", "chunk_text": "\"Vampire High\"\n10 November 2001<br> US airdate: 4 March 2002<br> The withering, a period of vampire cellular regeneration, causes Essie to age at an alarming rate. Season 1, Episode 10: Dads and Monsters<br> Director: Daniel Grou<br> Writer: Mark Shekter<br> Original Air Date: 17 November 2001<br> US airdate: 11 March 2002<br> The Fury sends a monster to destroy the Experiment. Meanwhile, Sherry's dad visits the Mansbridge Academy. Season 1, Episode 11: Rats<br> Director: Adam Weissman<br> Writer: Laura Kosterski<br> Original Air Date: 24 November 2001<br> US airdate: 18 March 2002<br> Drew gets jealous when Sherry falls for a new student. Meanwhile, Merrill searches for", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 16 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20328469", "chunk_text": "\"The Birthday (The Vampire Diaries)\"\nto Elena’s birthday party, something that makes Caroline jealous and she ends up kissing him. The two of them go to Tyler’s place and after having sex, Caroline tries to sneak out. Tyler’s mother, Carol (Susan Walters), who suspects that Caroline must be a vampire, catches her on her way out and when Caroline tries to get her bag she burns out from vervain. Carol shoots her with more vervain injections and Caroline collapses. Damon and Alaric go to the werewolf’s house after their last clues about where Stefan and Klaus might be, and find the two girls dead with", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 17 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6741671", "chunk_text": "\"The Vampire Diaries\"\nand returned for season 8. On March 11, 2016, The CW renewed the series for an eighth season, but on July 23, 2016, announced that the eighth season, which would have 16 episodes, would be the show's last. The final season began airing on October 21, 2016 and ended March 10, 2017. The series is set in the fictional town of Mystic Falls, Virginia, a town charged with supernatural history since its settlement of migrants from New England in the late 19th century. It follows the life of Elena Gilbert (Nina Dobrev), a teenage girl who has just lost both", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 18 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11552544", "chunk_text": "\"Fade Into You (The Vampire Diaries)\"\nFade Into You (The Vampire Diaries) \"\"Fade Into You\"\" is the 8th episode of the sixth season of the American series \"\"The Vampire Diaries\"\" and the series' 119th episode overall. \"\"Fade Into You\"\" was originally aired on November 20, 2014, on The CW. The episode was written by Nina Fiore and John Herrera and directed by Joshua Butler. Caroline (Candice Accola) organizes a \"\"friendsgiving dinner\"\" for the Thanksgiving Day and she invites everyone except Stefan (Paul Wesley). Jo (Jodi Lyn O'Keefe) is the first to arrive and when Elena (Nina Dobrev) asks her where Alaric (Matt Davis) is, Jo tells", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 19 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6304914", "chunk_text": "\"Haunted (The Vampire Diaries)\"\nHaunted (The Vampire Diaries) \"\"Haunted\"\" is the seventh episode of the first season of The CW television series, \"\"The Vampire Diaries\"\" and the seventh episode of the series overall. It originally aired on October 29, 2009. The episode's story was written by Andrew Kreisberg and the teleplay by Kevin Williamson and Julie Plec. It was directed by Ernest Dickerson. The episode starts with Vicki (Kayla Ewell) not be able to control her bloodlust and she attacks Tyler (Michael Trevino) at his car. Stefan (Paul Wesley) arrives just in time to stop her and Damon (Ian Somerhalder) compels Tyler to forget", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 20 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10007230", "chunk_text": "\"The Departed (The Vampire Diaries)\"\nThe Departed (The Vampire Diaries) \"\"The Departed\"\" is the twenty-second and final episode of \"\"The Vampire Diaries's\"\" third season, premiering May 10, 2012 on The CW. During the episode, Elena remembers when life was simpler while the rest of her friends attempt to stay away from Alaric. In the episode's initial airing, it garnered 2.53 million viewers. In the third season finale, Elena Gilbert (Nina Dobrev) recovers in the hospital from her fall in the previous episode. Jeremy brings her back home, where Caroline Forbes (Candice Accola), Bonnie Bennett (Kat Graham), Jeremy Gilbert (Steven R. McQueen), Matt Donovan (Zach Roerig)", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 21 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3001430", "chunk_text": "\"Memorial (The Vampire Diaries)\"\nMemorial (The Vampire Diaries) \"\"Memorial\"\" is the second episode of \"\"The Vampire Diaries's\"\" fourth season, premiering October 18, 2012 on The CW. Newly turned vampire Elena tries to cope with the highs and lows that are now part of her life, while Stefan and Damon come to blows arguing what is best for her. Stefan and Elena want her to drink animal blood while Damon thinks she should drink human blood from the vein. After she tries animal blood, Elena vomits it back up. As there is a memorial being held for the Council, April Young, Pastor Young's daughter, arrives.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 22 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18635326", "chunk_text": "\"Gone Girl (The Vampire Diaries)\"\nGone Girl (The Vampire Diaries) \"\"Gone Girl\"\" is the 15th episode of the fifth season of the American series \"\"The Vampire Diaries\"\" and the series' 104th episode overall. \"\"Gone Girl\"\" was originally aired on March 6, 2014, on The CW. The episode was written by Melinda Hsu Taylor and directed by Lance Anderson. Nadia (Olga Fonda) has hallucinations of her past while she was searching for her mother Katherine (Nina Dobrev), after Tyler (Michael Trevino) bit her. Katherine is there for her and tells her that she will not leave her side and that she will find a way to", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 23 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12913052", "chunk_text": "\"Vampire High\"\nschool to themselves, and together, they discover their blood supply is locked up. The unlikely duo goes through withdrawal while resisting the urge to feed off each other but temptation arises when a day student returns early - and alone. Season 1, Episode 24: Breaking Up<br> Director: Jimmy Kaufman<br> Writer: Mark Shekter & Sherman Snukal<br> Original Air Date: 20 April 2002<br> US airdate: 10 February 2003<br> When Karl asks Essie to acknowledge their love in a formal Declaration ceremony, Essie falls sick with a mysterious illness that proves dangerous even to vampires. Season 1, Episode 25: Blood Trip<br> Director: Erik", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 24 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12913050", "chunk_text": "\"Vampire High\"\ndistraught over Drew's expulsion and takes drastic measures, and Karl finds vampire laws that could save Drew. Season 1, Episode 21: Both Sides Now<br> Director: Daniel Grou<br> Writer: Ann MacNaughton<br> Original Air Date: 30 March 2002<br> US airdate: 27 May 2002<br> Merrill's repressed feelings begin to surface. Together with Dr. Murdoch, they must find out what those feelings are before she loses control. A student has been attacked in the library due to Dr. Murdoch's intervention the attack was broken off, but the assailant is unknown. Who could it have been? Merrill must find a way to accept her dark", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 25 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14475637", "chunk_text": "\"Kayla Ewell\"\nfor the first seven episodes in 2009. Ewell described her character, Vicki Donovan, to \"\"Star\"\" magazine as \"\"a really slutty high school student\"\", and \"\"a troublemaker\"\". Vicki was the first human on the series turned into a vampire. Ewell was killed off the show when her character was staked in the heart by Stefan (Paul Wesley) in order to save Elena (Nina Dobrev) in the Halloween-themed episode \"\"Haunted\"\". Ewell hinted in November 2009 that she was still under contract for the role and might return to the show, but series creator, Kevin Williamson, stated that there were no plans to", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 26 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1098862", "chunk_text": "\"Dark Shadows\"\n275. The Return of the Vampire Barnabas Collins, episode 202 to 220. The Kidnapping of Maggie Evans, episode 221 to 261. Julia Hoffman's Attempt to Cure Barnabas, episode 265 to 351. Barnabas Terrorizing Julia Hoffman, episode 352 to 365. Angelique Bouchard's Vampire Curse on Barnabas, episode 366 to 426. Victoria Winters's Witchcraft Trial, episode 400 to 461. Nathan Forbes' Manipulation of Millicent Collins, episode 419 to 460. The Mystery of Jeff Clark, episode 461 to 665. The Creation of Adam, episode 466 to 636. The Dream Curse, episode 477 to 548. Elizabeth's Fear of Being Buried Alive, episode 513 to", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 27 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16082113", "chunk_text": "\"Vampire High\"\nSchultz<br> Original Air Date: 15 December 2001<br> US airdate: 8 April 2002<br> Marty puts a love spell on Essie, but it may endanger his life. Meanwhile, Merrill gives Drew a book about vampires finding love. Season 1, Episode 15: The Test<br> Director: Jimmy Kaufman<br> Writer: Mark Shekter<br> Original Air Date: 16 February 2002<br> US airdate: 15 April 2002<br> When Drew flunks Murdoch's latest blood-lust test, he's more determined than ever to prove his teacher wrong, and decides to use Sherry as his own personal testing subject. Meanwhile, Sherry helps Mimi struggle with being accused of cheating on a test. Season", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 28 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1575302", "chunk_text": "\"Rose (The Vampire Diaries)\"\nRose (The Vampire Diaries) \"\"Rose\"\" is the 8th episode of the second season of The CW television series, \"\"The Vampire Diaries\"\" and the 30th episode of the series overall. It originally aired on November 4, 2010. The episode was written by Brian Young and directed by Liz Friedlander. The man who kidnapped Elena (Nina Dobrev) meets Trevor (Trent Ford), the vampire who asked him to kidnap her, and transports her into his car. Right after Elena is in Trevor's car, Trevor kills the man and leaves with the unconscious Elena. Damon (Ian Somerhalder) talks with Caroline (Candice Accola) about Tyler", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 29 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6304930", "chunk_text": "\"Haunted (The Vampire Diaries)\"\nsee a different side of the bad-boy vampire.\"\" Haunted (The Vampire Diaries) \"\"Haunted\"\" is the seventh episode of the first season of The CW television series, \"\"The Vampire Diaries\"\" and the seventh episode of the series overall. It originally aired on October 29, 2009. The episode's story was written by Andrew Kreisberg and the teleplay by Kevin Williamson and Julie Plec. It was directed by Ernest Dickerson. The episode starts with Vicki (Kayla Ewell) not be able to control her bloodlust and she attacks Tyler (Michael Trevino) at his car. Stefan (Paul Wesley) arrives just in time to stop her", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 30 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20629001", "chunk_text": "\"No Exit (The Vampire Diaries)\"\nNo Exit (The Vampire Diaries) \"\"No Exit\"\" is the 14th episode of the fifth season of the American series \"\"The Vampire Diaries\"\" and the series' 103rd episode overall. \"\"No Exit\"\" was originally aired on February 27, 2014, on The CW. The episode was written by Brian Young and directed by Michael Allowitz. Enzo (Michael Malarkey) and Damon (Ian Somerhalder) turn people to vampires so that Damon can feed on them since now, after Wes' (Rick Cosnett) injection, he craves vampire blood and not human. The two of them try to leave the last victim's house when Wes appears with travelers", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 31 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20737729", "chunk_text": "\"Miss Mystic Falls\"\nMiss Mystic Falls \"\"Miss Mystic Falls\"\" is the 19th episode of the first season of The CW television series, \"\"The Vampire Diaries\"\" and the 19th episode of the series overall. It originally aired on April 22, 2010. The episode was written by Bryan Oh and Caroline Dries and directed by Marcos Siega. Stefan (Paul Wesley) continues drinking human blood, but he lies and tells everyone that he stopped. He tells Elena (Nina Dobrev) that the worst of his cravings are over, but when he goes to get his bag from his trunk, it is full of empty blood bags. Sheriff", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 32 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18663203", "chunk_text": "\"Elena Gilbert\"\nplaying them both. In the television series's fourth season, Elena becomes a vampire and deals with the struggles that come with her change. She took the cure and became human again towards the end of the sixth season. In the finale of the sixth season, Kai linked Elena to Bonnie's life by magic. Elena will only wake up when Bonnie dies in around 60 years. She was locked inside the Salvatore tomb, then relocated to a warehouse in Brooklyn, New York in the seventh season, then back to Mystic Falls. In late 2016, when it was announced that the eighth", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 33 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3076309", "chunk_text": "Vampirina\nblock after she and her family move from Transylvania to Pennsylvania to open a local bed and breakfast called the Scare B&B for visiting ghouls (including vampires) and goblins. The Hauntley family have to learn to do things the \"\"Pennsylvania way,\"\" especially when Vee is at school. Note: Beginning with this season, episode title cards have been discontinued, but they are still heard. \"\"Vampirina\"\" premiered on Sunday, October 1, 2017 in the United States with two back-to-back episodes simulcast on Disney Channel and Disney Junior. Of the first season's 15 episodes, 10 premiered within the month of October to tie", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 34 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14913294", "chunk_text": "\"Masquerade (The Vampire Diaries)\"\nMasquerade (The Vampire Diaries) \"\"Masquerade\"\" is the 7th episode of the second season of The CW television series, \"\"The Vampire Diaries\"\" and the 29th episode of the series overall. It originally aired on October 28, 2010. The episode was written by Kevin Williamson and Julie Plec and directed by Charles Beeson. Caroline (Candice Accola) is at the Salvatore house and tells Damon (Ian Somerhalder) and Stefan (Paul Wesley) that she met Katherine (Nina Dobrev) at the Grill. Katherine wants to deliver a message to the Salvatore brothers; bring her the moonstone at tonight's Masquerade Ball otherwise she will rip the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 35 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14562032", "chunk_text": "\"Home (The Vampire Diaries)\"\nHome (The Vampire Diaries) \"\"Home\"\" is the 22nd and last episode of the fifth season of the American series \"\"The Vampire Diaries\"\" and the series' 111th episode overall. \"\"Home\"\" was originally aired on May 15, 2014, on The CW. The episode was written by Caroline Dries and Brian Young and directed by Chris Grismer. The episode starts with Caroline (Candice Accola) crying over Stefan's (Paul Wesley) dead body at the Whitmore dorm, while Damon (Ian Somerhalder) and Elena (Nina Dobrev) arrive. Stefan watches them from the other side while he starts to be pulled from existence, as the other side", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 36 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20861387", "chunk_text": "\"By the Light of the Moon (The Vampire Diaries)\"\nHe chains himself up and tries to drink the cocktail while Caroline stays there to support him. As time passes, Tyler feels the pain and screams and asks Caroline to leave so he will not hurt her. Caroline tries to stay with him as much as she can but when the transformation begins, Tyler cannot control himself and she runs out of the cellar closing the door behind her so Tyler cannot get out. She runs into the woods and goes back to the cellar later to check up on Tyler. Tyler is back in his human form and Caroline", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 37 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17461679", "chunk_text": "\"No Exit (The Vampire Diaries)\"\nthat moment for weeks and that's exactly what tonight's episode felt like.\"\" No Exit (The Vampire Diaries) \"\"No Exit\"\" is the 14th episode of the fifth season of the American series \"\"The Vampire Diaries\"\" and the series' 103rd episode overall. \"\"No Exit\"\" was originally aired on February 27, 2014, on The CW. The episode was written by Brian Young and directed by Michael Allowitz. Enzo (Michael Malarkey) and Damon (Ian Somerhalder) turn people to vampires so that Damon can feed on them since now, after Wes' (Rick Cosnett) injection, he craves vampire blood and not human. The two of them", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 38 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8501271", "chunk_text": "\"Crying Wolf (The Vampire Diaries)\"\nCrying Wolf (The Vampire Diaries) \"\"Crying Wolf\"\" is the 14th episode of the second season of The CW television series \"\"The Vampire Diaries\"\", and the 36th episode of the series overall. It originally aired on February 10, 2011. The episode was written by Brian Young and directed by David Von Ancken. The episode starts with Jules (Michaela McManus) and Brady (Stephen Amell) burning the bodies of the dead werewolves so people will not find them. Another werewolf, Stevie (Erik Stocklin), is also there who informs them that Mason was looking for the moonstone to break the curse of the sun", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 39 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14924598", "chunk_text": "\"Blood of the Vampire\"\nVampire\"\" are featured in two episodes of the TV series \"\"100 Years of Horror\"\": in episode No. 2, \"\"Blood-Drinking Creatures\"\", which originally aired on December 19, 1996, and in episode No. 15, \"\"Scream Queens\"\", first shown April 17, 1997. Film posters or clips were shown in the made-for-television film \"\"Hollywood's Creepiest Creatures\"\", hosted by Elvira, and airing on Halloween Night 2004. \"\"Blood of the Vampire\"\" has been available for home viewing for decades in the U.S. It was first released in 1978 on VHS and Betamax by Magnetic Video. Gorgon Films later released the film on VHS in 1993. A", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 40 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "233351", "chunk_text": "\"Dark Shadows\"\n812 to 850. Barnabas's Infatuation with Kitty Soames, episode 844 to 885. Count Petofi Body Swaps with Quentin, episode 849 to 883. Barnabas Falls Under the Control of the Leviathans, episode 886 to 950. The Mystery of Grant Douglas and Olivia Corey, episode 888 to 934. Chris Jennings' Werewolf Curse, episode 889 to 978. The Leviathan Child, episode 891 to 929. Jeb Hawkes the Leviathan Leader, episode 935 to 980. The Death of Angelique Collins, episode 969 to 1060. Cyrus Longworth's Experiment, episode 978 to 1035. The Destruction of Collinwood, episode 1061 to 1070. The Ghosts of Gerard Stiles and", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 41 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14132766", "chunk_text": "\"Original Vampires (The Vampire Diaries)\"\nepisode of season 3, Elena professes that she hopes that her vampire friends are descended from Elijah's bloodline, so that he can be spared. Elijah returns to town in the season three finale episode, \"\"The Departed\"\", in order to make a deal with Elena and her friends. Elijah proposes that he be allowed to take Klaus's desiccated (by witch Bonnie and help from the Salvatores and Tyler) body with him and his siblings and leave town, and in exchange, he would make sure that Klaus would not be resurrected within Elena's lifetime or even that of her children, stating: \"\"perhaps", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 42 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18907732", "chunk_text": "\"Stefan Salvatore\"\nfallen in love with Caroline but before he can confess, Caroline switches off her humanity switch after the funeral. Stefan and Elena try to bring Caroline back but it fails and Caroline vows revenge for them not giving her the year she wanted without any feelings. She kidnaps Stefan and Damon's niece, Sarah Salvatore, and blackmails Stefan to turn off his humanity to save her. At the end of the episode 'The Downward Spiral', he does and joins Caroline. Stefan decides to ruin Caroline's life because she has done the same to him. He wants her to lose control and", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 43 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10007236", "chunk_text": "\"The Departed (The Vampire Diaries)\"\nthen revealed as Elena opens her eyes in the hospital, in transition to becoming a vampire. The episode marks a pivotal point in the series; where Elena begins transition marks a change in the series' dynamic. The plot to turn Elena had been in the works since the series began, where executive producers Kevin Williamson and Julie Plec had signed on to the project and agreed that at some point, she would be turned. Initially, this plot was to be used by the end of the second season. The episode's initial airing attracted 2.53 million viewers. The episode received critical", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 44 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15223613", "chunk_text": "\"The Last Day (The Vampire Diaries)\"\nThe Last Day (The Vampire Diaries) \"\"The Last Day\"\" is the 20th episode of the second season of The CW television series, \"\"The Vampire Diaries\"\" and the 42nd episode of the series overall. It originally aired on April 28, 2011. The episode was written by Andrew Chambliss and Brian Young and directed by J. Miller Tobin. Elijah (Daniel Gillies) explains the curse to Elena (Nina Dobrev), Stefan (Paul Wesley) and Damon (Ian Somerhalder) and what is needed. A witch to cast the spell, a sacrifice of a werewolf and a vampire and Klaus to drink the doppelganger's blood. Elijah has", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 45 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6093196", "chunk_text": "\"The Descent (The Vampire Diaries)\"\nhonest and simple emotion as he did with his psychoanalyst-cum-victim. He did such a wonderful job. I cried. And then I cried some more.\"\" The Descent (The Vampire Diaries) \"\"The Descent\"\" is the 12th episode of the second season of The CW television series, \"\"The Vampire Diaries\"\" and the 34th episode of the series overall. It originally aired on January 27, 2011. The episode was written by Elizabeth Craft and Sarah Fain and directed by Marcos Siega. The episode starts with Jules (Michaela McManus) waking up in the woods next to a camp after the full moon night when she", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 46 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19579957", "chunk_text": "\"While You Were Sleeping (The Vampire Diaries)\"\nWhile You Were Sleeping (The Vampire Diaries) \"\"While You Were Sleeping\"\" is the 16th episode of the fifth season of the American series \"\"The Vampire Diaries\"\" and the series' 105th episode overall. \"\"While You Were Sleeping\"\" was originally aired on March 20, 2014, on The CW. The episode was written by Caroline Dries and directed by Pascal Verschooris. Elena (Nina Dobrev) wakes up in her body after three weeks since the day Katherine has taken over it and she is trapped at the college dorms. Stefan (Paul Wesley), Bonnie (Kat Graham) and Caroline (Candice Accola) asked Liv (Penelope Mitchell) to", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 47 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7351881", "chunk_text": "\"Home (The Vampire Diaries)\"\nemotions alone are enough to torture us until it returns in the fall.\"\" Home (The Vampire Diaries) \"\"Home\"\" is the 22nd and last episode of the fifth season of the American series \"\"The Vampire Diaries\"\" and the series' 111th episode overall. \"\"Home\"\" was originally aired on May 15, 2014, on The CW. The episode was written by Caroline Dries and Brian Young and directed by Chris Grismer. The episode starts with Caroline (Candice Accola) crying over Stefan's (Paul Wesley) dead body at the Whitmore dorm, while Damon (Ian Somerhalder) and Elena (Nina Dobrev) arrive. Stefan watches them from the other", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 48 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17591161", "chunk_text": "\"Resident Evil (The Vampire Diaries)\"\nResident Evil (The Vampire Diaries) \"\"Resident Evil\"\" is the 18th episode of the fifth season of the American series \"\"The Vampire Diaries\"\" and the series' 107th episode overall. \"\"Resident Evil\"\" was originally aired on April 17, 2014, on The CW. The episode was written by Caroline Dries and Brian Young and directed by Paul Wesley. The episode is Wesley's debut as director in the series. The episode starts with Elena (Nina Dobrev) having a dream/vision about her and Stefan (Paul Wesley) meeting for the first time. She wakes up and feels that what she saw was weird. Elena goes to", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 49 } ]
test_3490	which of the following helmiths feeds on blood?	n/a	[ "Necator americanus", "Ancylostoma duodenale" ]	[]	n/a	n/a	n/a	[]	[ { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12970901", "chunk_text": "Hematophagy\nHematophagy Hematophagy (sometimes spelled haematophagy or hematophagia) is the practice by certain animals of feeding on blood (from the Greek words αἷμα \"\"haima\"\" \"\"blood\"\" and φάγειν \"\"phagein\"\" \"\"to eat\"\"). Since blood is a fluid tissue rich in nutritious proteins and lipids that can be taken without great effort, hematophagy has evolved as a preferred form of feeding for many small animals, such as worms and arthropods. Some intestinal nematodes, such as Ancylostomids, feed on blood extracted from the capillaries of the gut, and about 75 percent of all species of leeches (e.g., \"\"Hirudo medicinalis\"\"), a free-living worm, are hematophagous. Some", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 0 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11715317", "chunk_text": "Parasitism\nmoult. They may do this by producing hormones that mimic the host's moulting hormones (ecdysteroids), or by regulating the host's endocrine system. A micropredator attacks more than one host, reducing each host's fitness at least a small amount, and is only in contact with any one host intermittently. This makes them suitable as vectors as they can pass smaller parasites from one host to another. Most micropredators are hematophagic, feeding on blood. They include annelids such as leeches, crustaceans such as branchiurans and gnathiid isopods, various dipterans such as mosquitoes and tsetse flies, other arthropods such as fleas and ticks,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 1 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "276810", "chunk_text": "Hematophagy\nfish, such as lampreys and candirus, and mammals, especially the vampire bats, and birds, such as the vampire finches, hood mockingbirds, the Tristan thrush, and oxpeckers also practise hematophagy. These hematophagous animals have mouth parts and chemical agents for penetrating vascular structures in the skin of hosts, mostly of mammals, birds, and fish. This type of feeding is known as phlebotomy (from the Greek words, \"\"phleps\"\" \"\"vein\"\" and \"\"tomos\"\" \"\"cutting\"\"). Once phlebotomy is performed (in most insects by a specialized fine hollow \"\"needle,\"\" the proboscis, which perforates skin and capillaries; in bats by sharp incisor teeth that act as a", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 2 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15250009", "chunk_text": "Leech\nmay be a simple tube, but the crop, when present, is an enlarged part of the midgut with a number of pairs of ceca that stores ingested blood. The leech secretes an anticoagulant, hirudin, in its saliva which prevents the blood from clotting before ingestion. A mature medicinal leech may feed only twice a year, taking months to digest a blood meal. The bodies of predatory leeches are similar, though instead of jaws many have a protrusible proboscis, which for most of the time they keep retracted into the mouth. Such leeches are often ambush predators that lie in wait", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 3 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5874844", "chunk_text": "Helminthiasis\niron-deficiency anemia. This is most severe in heavy hookworm infections, as \"\"Necator americanus\"\" and \"\"Ancylostoma duodenale\"\" feed directly on the blood of their hosts. Although the daily consumption of an individual worm (0.02–0.07 ml and 0.14–0.26 ml respectively) is small, the collective consumption under heavy infection can be clinically significantly. Intestinal whipworm may also cause anemia. Anemia has also been associated with reduced stamina for physical labor, a decline in the ability to learn new information, and apathy, irritability, and fatigue. A study of the effect of deworming and iron supplementation in 47 students from the Democratic Republic of the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 4 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "276812", "chunk_text": "Hematophagy\non any other food. Examples include \"\"Rhodnius prolixus\"\", a South American assassin bug, and \"\"Cimex lectularius\"\", the human bed bug. Facultative hematophages, meanwhile, acquire at least some portion of their nutrition from non-blood sources in at least one of the sexually mature forms. Examples of this include many mosquito species, such as \"\"Aedes aegypti\"\", whose males feed on pollen and fruit juice (only) while the females survive strictly by feeding on mammalian blood. In anautogenous species, the female can survive without blood, but must consume blood in order to produce eggs (obligatory hematophages are by definition also anautogenous). As a", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 5 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18291199", "chunk_text": "Helminthiasis\nHelminthiasis Helminthiasis, also known as worm infection, is any macroparasitic disease of humans and other animals in which a part of the body is infected with parasitic worms, known as helminths. There are numerous species of these parasites, which are broadly classified into tapeworms, flukes, and roundworms. They often live in the gastrointestinal tract of their hosts, but they may also burrow into other organs, where they induce physiological damage. Soil-transmitted helminthiasis and schistosomiasis are the most important helminthiases, and are among the neglected tropical diseases. This group of helmianthiases have been targeted under the joint action of the world's", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 6 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11198845", "chunk_text": "Haemadipsidae\nknown from subtropical and tropical regions around the Indian and Pacific Ocean. Well-known Haemadipsidae are for example the Indian Leech (\"\"Haemadipsa sylvestris\"\") and the \"\"yamabiru\"\" or Japanese Mountain Leech (\"\"Haemadipsa zeylanica\"\"). Members of the family feed on blood, except \"\"Idiobdella\"\" which has adapted to eat small snails. The other notable group of jawed blood-sucking leeches are the aquatic Hirudinidae. The Xerobdellidae are sometimes included in the Haemadipsidae, but their status as a distinct family is supported by sequence analysis of the nuclear 18S and 28S rDNA and mitochondrial COI genes as well as the anatomy of their sexual organs and", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 7 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18219335", "chunk_text": "Haemoproteus\nHaemoproteus Haemoproteus is a genus of alveolates that are parasitic in birds, reptiles and amphibians. Its name is derived from Greek: \"\"Haima\"\", \"\"blood\"\", and \"\"Proteus\"\", a sea god who had the power of assuming different shapes. The name \"\"Haemoproteus\"\" was first used in the description of \"\"Haemoproteus columbae\"\" in the blood of the pigeon \"\"Columba livia\"\" by Kruse in 1890. This was also the first description of this genus. Two other genera — \"\"Halteridium\"\" and \"\"Simondia\"\" — are now considered to be synonyms of \"\"Haemoproteus\"\". The protozoa are intracellular parasites that infect the erythrocytes. They are transmitted by blood sucking", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 8 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2491251", "chunk_text": "\"Turtle leech\"\nTurtle leech Turtle leeches are a genus, Ozobranchus, of leeches (Hirudinea) that feed exclusively on the blood of turtles. Only two species – \"\"Ozobranchus margoi\"\" and \"\"Ozobranchus branchiatus\"\" – are found in the Atlantic coast of the United States and the Gulf of Mexico. Little is known about these leeches due to difficulties in studying their sea turtle hosts. Species of \"\"Ozobranchus\"\" spp. can be very small (down to a few millimeters in length), making them morphologically difficult to distinguish. \"\"Ozobranchus margoi\"\" and \"\"Ozobranchus branchiatus\"\" are the most anatomically documented. According to researchers from the University of Wales and the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 9 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10438459", "chunk_text": "Blood\ncarry oxygen, instead of hemoglobin. Insects and some mollusks use a fluid called hemolymph instead of blood, the difference being that hemolymph is not contained in a closed circulatory system. In most insects, this \"\"blood\"\" does not contain oxygen-carrying molecules such as hemoglobin because their bodies are small enough for their tracheal system to suffice for supplying oxygen. Jawed vertebrates have an adaptive immune system, based largely on white blood cells. White blood cells help to resist infections and parasites. Platelets are important in the clotting of blood. Arthropods, using hemolymph, have hemocytes as part of their immune system. Blood", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 10 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15249997", "chunk_text": "Leech\nmajority of leeches live in freshwater environments, while some species can be found in terrestrial and marine environments. The best-known, such as the medicinal leech, \"\"Hirudo medicinalis\"\", are hematophagous, attaching themselves to a host with a sucker and feeding on blood, having first secreted the peptide hirudin to prevent the blood from clotting. A minority of leech species are predatory, mostly preying on small invertebrates. In aquatic species, the eggs are enclosed in a cocoon which is usually attached to something solid, but terrestrial species often conceal the cocoon under a log or in a crevice. Almost 700 species of", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 11 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1985452", "chunk_text": "\"Glycera (annelid)\"\nof the time in the sandy or silty bottoms of the intertidal or subtidal regions. Though usually marine, they can tolerate low salt levels in the water, and also poor oxygen levels. Bloodworms are carnivorous. They feed by extending a large proboscis that bears four hollow jaws. The jaws are connected to glands that supply venom which they use to kill their prey, and their bite is painful even to a human. They are preyed on by other worms, by bottom-feeding fish and crustaceans, and by gulls. Reproduction occurs in midsummer, when the warmer water temperature and lunar cycle among", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 12 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20805159", "chunk_text": "Plasmodium\nPlasmodium Plasmodium is a genus of unicellular eukaryotes that are obligate parasites of vertebrates and insects. The life cycles of \"\"Plasmodium\"\" species involve development in a blood-feeding insect host which then injects parasites into a vertebrate host during a blood meal. Parasites grow within a vertebrate body tissue (often the liver) before entering the bloodstream to infect red blood cells. The ensuing destruction of host red blood cells can result in disease, called malaria. During this infection, some parasites are picked up by a blood-feeding insect, continuing the life cycle. \"\"Plasmodium\"\" is a member of the phylum Apicomplexa, a large", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 13 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15250010", "chunk_text": "Leech\ntill they can strike prey with the proboscises in a spear-like fashion. Predatory leeches feed on small invertebrates such as snails, earthworms and insect larvae. The prey is usually sucked in and swallowed whole. Some Rhynchobdellida, however, suck the soft tissues from their prey, making them intermediate between predators and blood-suckers. When they are hungry, leeches use their anterior suckers to connect to hosts for feeding. Once attached, leeches use a combination of mucus and suction to stay in place while they inject hirudin into the hosts' blood streams. In general, sanguivorous leeches are non host-specific, and do little harm", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 14 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11715318", "chunk_text": "Parasitism\nvertebrates such as lampreys, and mammals such as vampire bats. Parasites use a variety of methods to infect animal hosts, including physical contact, the fecal–oral route, free-living infectious stages, and vectors, suiting their differing hosts, life cycles, and ecological contexts. Examples to illustrate some of the many possible combinations are given in the table. Among the many variations on parasitic strategies are hyperparasitism, social parasitism, brood parasitism, kleptoparasitism, sexual parasitism, and adelphoparasitism. Hyperparasites feed on another parasite, as exemplified by protozoa living in helminth parasites, or facultative or obligate parasitoids whose hosts are either conventional parasites or parasitoids. Levels of", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 15 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7693832", "chunk_text": "Xerobdellidae\nThese leeches resemble the Haemadipsidae and were included there by many authors, but this has always been controversial. Their status as a distinct family is supported by sequence analysis of the nuclear 18S and 28S rDNA and mitochondrial COI genes as well as the anatomy of their sexual organs and nephridia; the latter are located at the belly rather than along the body sides as in the Haemadipsidae proper. They feed on blood – typically of amphibians – and small invertebrate except \"\"Mesobdella\"\", which is exclusively a blood-feeder and has been recorded to attack humans on occasion. Xerobdellidae Xerobdellidae are", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 16 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14238518", "chunk_text": "Digenea\nnutrient uptake through the tegument by pinocytosis and phagocytosis by the syncitium. Most adult digeneans occur in the vertebrate alimentary canal or its associated organs, where they most often graze on contents of the lumen (e.g., food ingested by the host, bile, mucus), but they may also feed across the mucosal wall (e.g., submucosa, host blood). The blood flukes, such as schistosomes, spirorchiids and sanguinicolids, feed exclusively on blood. Asexual stages in mollusc intermediate hosts feed mostly by direct absorption, although the redia stage found in some groups does have a mouth, pharynx and simple gut and may actively consume", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 17 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17050484", "chunk_text": "\"Triatoma sanguisuga\"\nmay lay hundreds of eggs in its lifetime. After the egg hatches, the immature bug takes a blood meal and molts 8 times before reaching maturity. \"\"Triatoma sanguisuga\"\" feeds on blood from mammals such as raccoons, rats, dogs, cats, and humans. In addition, tree frogs can be a significant source of food. \"\"Triatoma sanguisuga\"\" can be controlled in the home by using screens on all windows and doors, and sealing all cracks in walls and ceilings. In addition, vacuuming and general cleaning will help remove a suitable habitat for the bugs. \"\"Triatoma sanguisuga\"\" is a known vector for \"\"Trypanosoma cruzi\"\",", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 18 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8642757", "chunk_text": "Haemadipsidae\nHaemadipsidae Haemadipsidae (From Latin \"\"haima\"\" and \"\"dipsa\"\" (\"\"blood\"\" and \"\"thirst\"\", respectively)) are a family of \"\"jawed leeches\"\". Some are classed as monophyletic group of hirudiniform proboscisless leeches. These leeches have five pairs of eyes, with the last two separated by two eyeless segments. Most have two jaws, but some have three. The family is monotypic, containing only the subfamily Haemadipsinae, though as the family can apparently be divided into two or three distinct lineages, at least one of the proposed splits, while not a distinct family, might be a valid subfamily. Commonly known as jawed land leeches, these annelids are", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 19 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16125754", "chunk_text": "Hematophagy\nassassin bug, mosquito, tick, louse, mite, midge, and flea. Hematophagous organisms have been used by physicians for beneficial purposes (hirudotherapy). Some doctors now use leeches to prevent the clotting of blood on some wounds following surgery or trauma. The anticoagulants in the laboratory-raised leeches' saliva keeps fresh blood flowing to the site of an injury, actually preventing infection and increasing chances of full recovery. In a recent study a genetically engineered drug called desmoteplase based on the saliva of \"\"Desmodus rotundus\"\" (the vampire bat) was shown to improve recovery in stroke patients. Many human societies also drink blood or use", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 20 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5874841", "chunk_text": "Helminthiasis\nthe body. Helminths excrete into the intestine toxic substances after they feed. These substances then enter the circulatory and lymphatic systems of the host body. Chronic immune responses to helminthiasis may lead to increased susceptibility to other infections such as tuberculosis, HIV, and malaria. There is conflicting information about whether deworming reduces HIV progression and viral load and increases CD4 counts in antiretroviral naive and experienced individuals, although the most recent Cochrane review found some evidence that this approach might have favorable effects. Chronic helminthiasis may cause severe morbidity. Helminthiasis has been found to result in poor birth outcome, poor", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 21 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12551985", "chunk_text": "\"Gnathostoma hispidum\"\nFollowing ingestion of the \"\"Cyclops\"\" by a fish, frog, or snake (second intermediate host), the second-stage larvae migrate into the flesh and develop into third-stage larvae. When the second intermediate host is ingested by a definitive host, the third-stage larvae develop into adult parasites in the stomach wall. Alternatively, the second intermediate host may be ingested by the paratenic host (animals such as birds, snakes, and frogs) in which the third-stage larvae do not develop further but remain infective to the next predator. Humans become infected by eating undercooked fish or poultry containing third-stage larvae, or reportedly by drinking water", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 22 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3717093", "chunk_text": "Toxorhynchites\nwith blood-sucking species of mosquitoes. \"\"Toxorhynchites\"\" larvae live on a protein- and fat-rich diet of aquatic animals such as mosquito larvae. They have no need to risk their lives sucking blood in adulthood, having already accumulated the necessary materials for oogenesis and vitellogenesis. Most species occur in forests. The larvae of one jungle variety, \"\"Toxorhynchites splendens\"\", consume larvae of other mosquito species occurring in tree crevices, particularly \"\"Aedes aegypti\"\". Unlike \"\"Toxorhynchites\"\" mosquitoes, detritus feeder mosquitoe female larvae rely on blood meals to produce eggs more plentifully than a diet of nectar would permit. And even though blood sucking is a", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 23 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7257564", "chunk_text": "Lamprey\nLamprey Lampreys (sometimes also called, inaccurately, lamprey eels) are an ancient, extant lineage of jawless fish of the order Petromyzontiformes, placed in the superclass Cyclostomata. The adult lamprey may be characterized by a toothed, funnel-like sucking mouth. The common name \"\"lamprey\"\" is probably derived from Latin \"\"lampetra\"\", which may mean \"\"stone licker\"\" (\"\"lambere\"\" \"\"to lick\"\" + \"\"petra\"\" \"\"stone\"\"), though the etymology is uncertain. There are about 38 known extant species of lampreys. \"\"Parasitic\"\" carnivorous species are the most well-known, and feed by boring into the flesh of other fish to suck their blood; but only 18 species of lampreys engage", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 24 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4081973", "chunk_text": "\"Biology of Diptera\"\nto risk their lives on blood sucking while males abstain, is not a strategy limited to the mosquitoes; it also occurs in some other insect families, such as the Tabanidae. Most female horse flies feed on mammal blood, but some species are known to feed on birds, amphibians or reptiles. Other bloodfeeding Diptera are Ceratopogonidae Phlebotominae Hippoboscidae,\"\"Hydrotaea\"\" and \"\"Philornis downsi\"\"(Muscidae) \"\"Spaniopsis\"\" and \"\"Symphoromyia\"\" Rhagionidae. There are no known acalyptrates that are obligate blood-feeders. The larvae of Diptera feed on a diverse array of nutrients ; often these are different from those of adults, for instance the larvae of Syrphidae in", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 25 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5890454", "chunk_text": "Trichuriasis\nTrichuriasis Trichuriasis, also known as whipworm infection, is an infection by the parasitic worm \"\"Trichuris trichiura\"\" (whipworm). If infection is only with a few worms, there are often no symptoms. In those who are infected with many worms, there may be abdominal pain, tiredness and diarrhea. The diarrhea sometimes contains blood. Infections in children may cause poor intellectual and physical development. Low red blood cell levels may occur due to loss of blood. The disease is usually spread when people eat food or drink water that contains the eggs of these worms. This may occur when contaminated vegetables are not", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 26 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12319625", "chunk_text": "\"Barbeled houndshark\"\nmusculature, long tail, short trunk, and small liver. It feeds on a wide variety of bottom- and shore-dwelling organisms. Crustaceans (including crabs, lobsters, and shrimp) are favored prey, while small bony fishes (including sardines, anchovies, snake eels, blennies, gobies, and flatfish), skate and flying fish eggs, octopus, and sponges are also eaten; miscellaneous objects such as feathers, vegetable scraps, and flowers have also been recovered from its stomach. Known parasites of this species include the copepods \"\"Eudactylina leptochariae\"\" and \"\"Thamnocephalus cerebrinoxius\"\". The enlarged anterior teeth of male barbeled houndsharks may function in mating behaviors. This species is viviparous; once the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 27 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19257185", "chunk_text": "\"Triatoma indictiva\"\nMexico and poorer regions, because it is easier for a colony to form in an open residence, bringing them more frequently into contact with people. Due to the fact that \"\"T. indictiva\"\" is established throughout much of Mexico, especially in areas with poor economic conditions, they are difficult to manage. \"\"Triatoma indictiva\"\" are hematophagous (blood-sucking) and mainly feed on mammals, including humans, but they also feed on birds and reptiles. In their nymphal stages, \"\"T. indictiva\"\" can easily switch between vertebrate and invertebrate hosts, but the reasons that cause the switch is currently unknown. Adult \"\"T. indictiva\"\", when feeding on", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 28 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16817975", "chunk_text": "\"Haematopinus suis\"\n2–3 days. If a louse remains on its host however, it will survive an average of 35 days. \"\"Haematopinus suis\"\" feeds only on its host swine's blood. It is classified as a solenophage, because its mouthparts burrow directly into a blood vessel to feed. The mouthparts of the hog louse cut into the hog's skin, and the stylet is then introduced into a blood vessel and begins to extract blood. The teeth of the labrum are used to cut the skin and anchor the louse to the hog, and the stylets move into the tissue, all while secreting saliva that", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 29 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13808418", "chunk_text": "Mallophaga\nthose that feed on mammals typically have just a single claw. Mallophaga have mandibulate mouthparts which are located on the ventral side of their heads. They use these mouthparts to feed on feathers, hair, and epidermal skin scales. Some species also use these mouthparts to feed on blood, which they obtain by piercing the pulp of young feathers or by gnawing through the skin. Mallophaga develop by gradual metamorphosis. Females typically lay 150–300 eggs over an interval of 2–3 weeks. The eggs, commonly known as nits, are oblong and around 1 mm long. The eggs are glued to the hairs", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 30 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14747067", "chunk_text": "\"Parasitic worm\"\nParasitic worm Parasitic worms, also known as helminths, are large macroparasites, which as adults can generally be seen with the naked eye. Many are intestinal worms that are soil-transmitted and infect the gastrointestinal tract. Other parasitic worms such as schistosomes reside in blood vessels. There is no taxonomy of parasitic worms since it is an umbrella term that includes many species of worm from different genera, having parasitism as a commonality. These include two classes of the flatworm (Platyhelminthes) phylum, namely cestodes (tapeworms) and trematodes (flukes and blood flukes), many species of nematodes (roundworms), and the acanthocephalins known as thorny-headed", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 31 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20393377", "chunk_text": "Pulicidae\nonly their muscles. This also means that they can to jump frequently without exhausting their muscles. They mainly feed on mammal blood, and many Siphonoptera families, including Pulicidae, transmit disease. Pulicidae feed on mammalian blood. \"\"Ctenocephalides felis felis\"\" is also known as the cat flea, and is an extremely important parasite of domestic cats and dogs. They prefer to feed on areas round the head and neck of a cat, rather than the ventral part of the body. The transmission of dog tapeworm is a result of this flea, as well. As for their effect on humans, they are also", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 32 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10010927", "chunk_text": "\"Ixodes holocyclus\"\nand removal by the host. The process of feeding is called engorging. The hypostome has a groove along its dorsal surface forming a food canal (also known as the preoral canal) through which blood is drawn from the host and passed on to the mouth and pharynx. During blood feeding by Ixodid ticks, the liquid portion of the meal is first concentrated by removal of water and excess ions, which move across the gut epithelium and enter the ticks body cavity (hemocoele). These components are then taken up by the salivary glands which produce a watery saliva that is injected", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 33 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6031078", "chunk_text": "\"Hookworm infection\"\nof the mucous membranes, fatigue and weakness, shortness of breath and in cases running a fatal course, dysentery, hemorrhages and edema. The worms suck blood and damage the mucosa. However, the blood loss in the stools is not visibly apparent. Blood tests in early infection often show a rise in numbers of eosinophils, a type of white blood cell that is preferentially stimulated by worm infections in tissues (large numbers of eosinophils are also present in the local inflammatory response). Falling blood hemoglobin levels will be seen in cases of prolonged infection with anemia. In contrast to most intestinal helminthiases,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 34 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19023968", "chunk_text": "Hirudiniformes\nHirudiniformes The Hirudiniformes are one of the currently-accepted suborders of the proboscisless leeches (Arhynchobdellida). Their best-known member is the European medical leech, \"\"Hirudo medicinalis\"\", and indeed most of the blood-sucking \"\"worms\"\" as which leeches are generally perceived belong to this group. In general, though some leeches suck blood, many are predators which hunt small invertebrates. The Arhynchobdellida were formerly divided into two groups, denoted by presence or absence of toothed jaws. But this does not represent a natural division, as has now been determined - the most primitive proboscisless leeches are not found among the jawed blood-sucking forms as was", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 35 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1239212", "chunk_text": "Hepatozoon\nblood films. When the invertebrate vector feeds on the blood of the infected vertebrate, the gamonts are taken up into the gut once more, where they undergo gametogenesis and the cycle begins once more. This simplified lifecycle is, of course, insufficient for species which infect vertebrate and invertebrate hosts which do not directly feed on one another, necessitating an even more complex cycle. For instance, \"\"Hepatozoon sipedon\"\" infects mosquitoes and snakes, but since snakes do not typically feed on mosquitoes, a third, intermediate host is required, in this case a frog. The frog ingests the infected mosquito, and the snake", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 36 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2491259", "chunk_text": "\"Turtle leech\"\navoid contamination from turtle host’s blood. The COI gene was sequenced from the extracted genomic DNA using polymerase chain reaction. These sequences were added to GenBank, which prior to the study did not have any genetic data on \"\"Ozobranchus branchiatus\"\". Turtle leech Turtle leeches are a genus, Ozobranchus, of leeches (Hirudinea) that feed exclusively on the blood of turtles. Only two species – \"\"Ozobranchus margoi\"\" and \"\"Ozobranchus branchiatus\"\" – are found in the Atlantic coast of the United States and the Gulf of Mexico. Little is known about these leeches due to difficulties in studying their sea turtle hosts. Species", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 37 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5874847", "chunk_text": "Helminthiasis\nor undercooked meat. Contaminated food may contain eggs of nematodes such as \"\"Ascaris\"\", \"\"Enterobius\"\", and \"\"Trichuris\"\"; cestodes such as \"\"Taenia\"\", \"\"Hymenolepis\"\", and \"\"Echinococcus\"\"; and treamtodes such as \"\"Fasciola\"\". Raw or undercooked meats are the major sources of \"\"Taenia\"\" (pork, beef and venison), \"\"Trichinella\"\" (pork and bear), \"\"Diphyllobothrium\"\" (fish), \"\"Clonorchis\"\" (fish), and \"\"Paragonimus\"\" (crustaceans). Schistosomes and nematodes such as hookworms (\"\"Ancylostoma\"\" and \"\"Necator\"\") and \"\"Strongyloides\"\" can penetrate the skin directly. Finally, \"\"Wuchereria\"\", \"\"Onchocerca\"\", and \"\"Dracunculus\"\" are transmitted by mosquitoes and flies. In the developing world, the use of contaminated water is a major risk factor for infection. Infection can also take", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 38 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18094703", "chunk_text": "\"Haematobosca stimulans\"\nin the first instar and may reach maturity without resorting to carnivory.Adults are found around cattle on which they feed, and in farm buildings such as milking parlours etc.Flight from May to October. Haematobosca stimulans Haematobosca stimulans is a fly from the family Muscidae. It is an ectoparasite which feeds on the blood of mammals. See Morphology of Diptera for terms. The proboscis is of the blood-sucking type, strongly sclerotised, at least as long as head, without distinct labella. The lower squama is broadly rounded at the apex, its inner margin strongly diverging from scutellum throughout.The palpi are much more", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 39 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15174420", "chunk_text": "Isopoda\nParasitic species are mostly external parasites of fish or crustaceans and feed on blood. The larvae of the Gnathiidae family and adult cymothoidids have piercing and sucking mouthparts and clawed limbs adapted for clinging onto their hosts. In general, isopod parasites have diverse lifestyles and include \"\"Cancricepon elegans\"\", found in the gill chambers of crabs; \"\"Athelges tenuicaudis\"\", attached to the abdomen of hermit crabs; \"\"Crinoniscus equitans\"\" living inside the barnacle \"\"Balanus perforatus\"\"; cyproniscids, living inside ostracods and free-living isopods; bopyrids, living in the gill chambers or on the carapace of shrimps and crabs and causing a characteristic bulge which is", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 40 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8200803", "chunk_text": "\"Parasitic flies of domestic animals\"\nwater, soil, streams. A complete metamorphosis is illustrated by the photograph of \"\"Stomoxys\"\" eggs, larvae and adult (\"\"Stomoxys\"\" are in sub-order Brachycera). Only females feed on blood, taking a large meal to support production of several hundred eggs, followed by several more cycles of blood meal followed by egg laying. Males feed on plant nectar and similar sources of sugars. Nematocerans are very important as transmitters of viruses, protozoa, and nematode worms. Also they are often important for biting stress when in large numbers, and may cause allergic reactions at their feeding sites. A typical pathway of transmission of organisms", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 41 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9069775", "chunk_text": "\"Parasitic flies of domestic animals\"\nof stagnant water. Larvae feed on microorganisms and organic detritus in water. Pupation occurs at the surface of the water. Feeding by females is on a wide variety of mammals and birds, whilst males feed on plant sugars. Biting stress can be severe in varied climatic regions (cold northern or tropics) or conditions of much surface water available for breeding where populations of mosquitoes can become dense. Species of \"\"Aedes\"\", \"\"Anopheles\"\" and \"\"Psorophora\"\" genera transmit equine encephalitis viruses to horses. \"\"Culex\"\", \"\"Aedes\"\" and \"\"Anopheles\"\" species of mosquito transmit \"\"Plasmodium\"\" protozoa that cause types of malaria in birds. \"\"Culex\"\" mosquitoes transmit", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 42 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2710943", "chunk_text": "\"Mansonella ozzardi\"\non sandy beaches near the sea. Some species also lay their eggs on decaying leaf litter, humus, manure, and partially rotten vegetation, in tree holes, and the cut stumps of banana trees. They feed on the blood of mammals, birds, reptiles, and humans. Their short mouthparts prohibit them from biting through clothing. As a result, they prefer to feed on the head or other exposed body parts. Blood meals occur throughout the day and night, but biting activity peaks during the early evening. Since individual bites can be painful, they are a cause of concern because they tend to attack", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 43 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16016094", "chunk_text": "\"Biology of Diptera\"\nproboscises, sometimes longer than the entire bodily length of the insect. Flower feeding Nematocera include Bibionidae and some species in Tipulidae and other families. Adult Asilidae, Empididae and Scathophagidae feed on other insects, including smaller Diptera, Dolichopodidae and some Ephydridae feed on a variety of animal prey. Both male and female mosquitoes feed on nectar and plant juices, but in many species the mouthparts of the females are adapted for piercing the skin of animal hosts and feed on blood as ectoparasites. The most important function of blood meals is to obtain proteins as materials for egg production. For females", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 44 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20871895", "chunk_text": "Glossiphoniidae\nspecies. For example, some members of the Glossiphoniidae are known to attack the inner oral cavity of the Rough-skinned Newt. While glossiphoniids do not feed on humans, they are nonetheless of medical interest. As with all blood- or haemolymph-feeding leeches, their saliva, contains anticoagulant compounds which are potentially useful in therapy of some cardiovascular diseases. Antistasin and related inhibitors of thrombokinase a such as ghilanten, lefaxin and therostatin have been derived from \"\"Haementeria\"\" species and \"\"Theromyzon tessulatum\"\". These substances also may prevent certain tumors from metastasizing. Also from \"\"Haementeria\"\" are the fibrin stabilizing factor a inhibitor tridegin, a platelet adhesion", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 45 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13911606", "chunk_text": "Triatominae\nTriatominae The members of the Triatominae , a subfamily of the Reduviidae, are also known as conenose bugs, kissing bugs (so-called from their habit of feeding around the mouths of people), assassin bugs, or vampire bugs. Other local names for them used in the Latin Americas include \"\"barbeiros\"\", \"\"vinchucas\"\", \"\"pitos\"\", and \"\"chinches\"\". Most of the 130 or more species of this subfamily feed on vertebrate blood; a very few species feed on other invertebrates. They are mainly found and widespread in the Americas, with a few species present in Asia, Africa, and Australia. These bugs usually share shelter with nesting", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 46 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3860669", "chunk_text": "\"Parasitic nutrition\"\nor within the body of other organism (host) and derive nourishment their tissue and body fluids. Parasites are divided into two groups: \"\"endoparasites\"\" and \"\"ectoparasites\"\". Endoparasites are parasites that live inside the body of the host Example: Taenia solium, Ascaris etc., whereas ectoparasites are parasites that live on the outer surface of the host and generally attach themselves during feeding Example: mosquito, leech, louse, ticks etc. Due to the different strategies of endoparasites and ectoparasites, they require different adaptations to derive nutrients from their host. Parasites require nutrients to carry out essential functions including reproduction and growth. Essentially, the nutrients", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 47 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7238077", "chunk_text": "Glossiphoniidae\nGlossiphoniidae Glossiphoniidae are the family called freshwater jawless leeches or glossiphoniids. They are one of the main groups of Rhynchobdellida, true leeches with a proboscis. These leeches are generally flattened, and have a poorly defined anterior sucker. Most suck the blood of freshwater vertebrates like amphibians and aquatic turtles, but some feed on the hemolymph of invertebrates like oligochaetes and freshwater snails instead. Freshwater jawless leeches are remarkable for their parental care, the most highly developed one among the known annelids. They produce a membranaceous bag to hold the eggs, which is carried on the underside. The young attach to", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 48 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1477037", "chunk_text": "\"Haematobosca stimulans\"\nHaematobosca stimulans Haematobosca stimulans is a fly from the family Muscidae. It is an ectoparasite which feeds on the blood of mammals. See Morphology of Diptera for terms. The proboscis is of the blood-sucking type, strongly sclerotised, at least as long as head, without distinct labella. The lower squama is broadly rounded at the apex, its inner margin strongly diverging from scutellum throughout.The palpi are much more than half as long as the mentum. The hypopleuronis bare.The subcostal vein is setulose. Notopleuron hairy. Length 5-6·5 mm. Eggs are laid in almost fresh cow-dung.The larvae are trimorphic and leave the egg", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 49 } ]
test_3491	when does the men's worlds curling start?	n/a	[ "March 31" ]	[]	n/a	n/a	n/a	[]	[ { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1918779", "chunk_text": "\"2018 World Men's Curling Championship\"\n\"\"Saturday, April 7, 08:30\"\" \"\"Saturday, April 7, 13:30\"\" \"\"Saturday, April 7, 18:30\"\" \"\"Sunday, April 8, 12:00\"\" \"\"Sunday, April 8, 17:00\"\" \"\"Round robin only\"\" 2018 World Men's Curling Championship The 2018 World Men's Curling Championship (branded as the 361˚ World Men's Curling Championship 2018 for sponsorship reasons) was held from March 31 to April 8, 2018 at Orleans Arena, on the Las Vegas Strip in Paradise, Nevada, United States. In a rematch of the 2017 gold medal game, the Swedish team led by Niklas Edin beat the defending champion Canadian team led by Brad Gushue to win the championship. The following", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 0 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16046242", "chunk_text": "\"2018 World Men's Curling Championship\"\n2018 World Men's Curling Championship The 2018 World Men's Curling Championship (branded as the 361˚ World Men's Curling Championship 2018 for sponsorship reasons) was held from March 31 to April 8, 2018 at Orleans Arena, on the Las Vegas Strip in Paradise, Nevada, United States. In a rematch of the 2017 gold medal game, the Swedish team led by Niklas Edin beat the defending champion Canadian team led by Brad Gushue to win the championship. The following nations are qualified to participate in the 2018 World Men's Curling Championship: \"\"Final Round Robin Standings\"\" Year to date World Curling Tour order", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 1 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10709379", "chunk_text": "\"Curling at the 2018 Winter Olympics – Men's tournament\"\nCurling at the 2018 Winter Olympics – Men's tournament The men's curling tournament of the 2018 Winter Olympics was held between 14 and 24 February 2018 at the Gangneung Curling Centre. Ten nations competed in a round robin preliminary round, and the top four nations at the conclusion of the round robin qualified for the medal round. The teams are listed as follows: All draw times are listed in Seoul Time (UTC+9). \"\"Wednesday, 14 February, 09:05\"\" \"\"Wednesday, 14 February, 20:05\"\" \"\"Thursday, 15 February, 14:05\"\" \"\"Friday, 16 February, 09:05\"\" \"\"Friday, 16 February, 20:05\"\" \"\"Saturday, 17 February, 14:05\"\" \"\"Sunday, 18 February, 09:05\"\"", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 2 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10709380", "chunk_text": "\"Curling at the 2018 Winter Olympics – Men's tournament\"\n\"\"Sunday, 18 February, 20:05\"\" \"\"Monday, 19 February, 14:05\"\" \"\"Tuesday, 20 February, 09:05\"\" \"\"Tuesday, 20 February, 20:05\"\" \"\"Wednesday, 21 February, 14:05\"\" \"\"Thursday, 22 February, 9:05\"\" \"\"Thursday, 22 February, 20:05\"\" \"\"Friday, 23 February, 15:35\"\" \"\"Saturday, 24 February, 15:35\"\" The final standings are: Player percentages during round robin play are as follows: Curling at the 2018 Winter Olympics – Men's tournament The men's curling tournament of the 2018 Winter Olympics was held between 14 and 24 February 2018 at the Gangneung Curling Centre. Ten nations competed in a round robin preliminary round, and the top four nations at the conclusion of the round", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 3 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16346033", "chunk_text": "\"2017 World Men's Curling Championship\"\n2017 World Men's Curling Championship The 2017 World Men's Curling Championship (branded as Ford World Men's Curling Championship 2017 for sponsorship reasons) was a curling event that was held from April 1 to 9 at Northlands Coliseum in Edmonton, Alberta. Canada won the title for the 36th time overall and the second consecutive year. Like Rachel Homan's team at the women's tournament, Brad Gushue and his teammates finished with a perfect 13-0 record, which included defeating eventual runner-up Niklas Edin of Sweden three times. Switzerland won the bronze medal. With the win, Gushue became the first skip in the history", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 4 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16046243", "chunk_text": "\"2018 World Men's Curling Championship\"\nof merit ranking for each team prior to the event. All draw times are listed in Pacific Daylight Time (). \"\"Saturday, March 31, 13:30\"\" \"\"Saturday, March 31, 18:30\"\" \"\"Sunday, April 1, 08:30\"\" \"\"Sunday, April 1, 13:30\"\" \"\"Sunday, April 1, 18:30\"\" \"\"Monday, April 2, 08:30\"\" \"\"Monday, April 2, 13:30\"\" \"\"Monday, April 2, 18:30\"\" \"\"Tuesday, April 3, 08:30\"\" \"\"Tuesday, April 3, 13:30\"\" \"\"Tuesday, April 3, 18:30\"\" \"\"Wednesday, April 4, 08:30\"\" \"\"Wednesday, April 4, 13:30\"\" \"\"Wednesday, April 4, 18:30\"\" \"\"Thursday, April 5, 08:30\"\" \"\"Thursday, April 5, 13:30\"\" \"\"Thursday, April 5, 18:30\"\" \"\"Friday, April 6, 08:30\"\" \"\"Friday, April 6, 13:30\"\" \"\"Friday, April 6, 18:30\"\"", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 5 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7184407", "chunk_text": "\"Curling World Cup\"\nEuropean Zone, the third in the Americas Zone, and a Grand Final in Beijing. In January 2018, the World Curling Federation announced the name of the tournament would be changed to the Curling World Cup, and consist of men's, women's, and mixed doubles events. On July 19, 2018, details about the Curling World Cup were announced, including the host cities, format, qualification rules, and logos for each leg of the event. Curling World Cup matches have eight ends, rather than the standard ten ends. Ties after eight ends will be decided by a shoot-out, with each team throwing a stone", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 6 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12396867", "chunk_text": "\"2017 World Men's Curling Championship\"\nof the sport to win the world junior title, the Olympic gold medal, and the world men's title, and Canada became the first country ever to be in simultaneous possession of Olympic and World championships in both men's and women's curling. The following nations qualified to participate in the 2017 World Men's Curling Championship: Year to date World Curling Tour order of merit ranking for each team prior to the event. \"\"Final Round Robin Standings\"\" All times listed in Mountain Daylight Time (UTC−6). \"\"Saturday, April 1, 14:00\"\" \"\"Saturday, April 1, 19:00\"\" \"\"Sunday, April 2, 9:00\"\" \"\"Sunday, April 2, 14:00\"\" \"\"Sunday,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 7 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3809034", "chunk_text": "\"2018–19 Curling World Cup\"\n2018–19 Curling World Cup The 2018–19 Curling World Cup will be the first edition of the Curling World Cup, held between men's, women's, and mixed doubles teams. It will take place in three legs and a Grand Final, taking place in Suzhou, China, Omaha, United States, Jönköping, Sweden, and Beijing, China respectively. Curling World Cup matches have eight ends, rather than the standard ten ends. Ties after eight ends will be decided by a shoot-out, with each team throwing a stone and the one closest to the button winning. A win in eight or fewer ends will earn a team", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 8 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2618192", "chunk_text": "\"Curling at the 2018 Winter Olympics\"\nCurling at the 2018 Winter Olympics The curling competition at the 2018 Winter Olympics was held between 8 and 25 February 2018 at the Gangneung Curling Centre. This was the seventh time that curling is on the Olympic program. In each of the men's and women's competitions, ten nations competed. As decided in 2015, a third competition, mixed doubles curling, has graduated from a spectator sport to a full medal competition. Teams consisted of one woman and one man. There were eight participating countries in the mixed competition. Qualification to the curling tournaments at the Winter Olympics was determined through", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 9 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1136710", "chunk_text": "\"Curling at the 2018 Winter Olympics\"\nwith hosts South Korea. Curling competitions started the day before the Opening Ceremony and finish on the last day of the games, meaning the sport was the only one to have a competition every day of the games. The following was the competition schedule for the curling competitions: Curling at the 2018 Winter Olympics The curling competition at the 2018 Winter Olympics was held between 8 and 25 February 2018 at the Gangneung Curling Centre. This was the seventh time that curling is on the Olympic program. In each of the men's and women's competitions, ten nations competed. As decided", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 10 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16336475", "chunk_text": "\"2016 World Men's Curling Championship\"\n9:00\"\" \"\"Wednesday, April 6, 14:00\"\" \"\"Wednesday, April 6, 19:00\"\" \"\"Thursday, April 7, 9:00\"\" \"\"Thursday, April 7, 14:00\"\" \"\"Thursday, April 7, 19:00\"\" \"\"Friday, April 8, 19:00\"\" \"\"Saturday, April 9, 14:00\"\" \"\"Saturday, April 9, 19:00\"\" \"\"Sunday, April 10, 10:00\"\" \"\"Sunday, April 10, 15:00\"\" \"\"Round robin only\"\" 2016 World Men's Curling Championship The 2016 World Men's Curling Championship was held from April 2 to 10 at St. Jakobshalle in Basel, Switzerland. The following nations are qualified to participate in the 2016 World Men's Curling Championship: \"\"Final Round Robin Standings\"\" All draw times are listed in Central European Summer Time (UTC+2). \"\"Saturday, April 2,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 11 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18830077", "chunk_text": "\"Curling World Cup\"\nCurling World Cup The Curling World Cup is a curling tournament to be first held as part of the 2018–19 curling season, organized by the World Curling Federation and Kingdomway Sports. The tournament will have four legs: three qualifying legs and a Grand Final. In September 2017, the World Curling Federation announced they had reached an agreement with Kingdomway Sports to create a World Series of Curling, to help develop the sport in the lead-up to the 2022 Winter Olympics in Beijing. The tournament would consist of four legs, the first being in the Pacific-Asia Zone, the second in the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 12 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2767153", "chunk_text": "\"2018 Tim Hortons Brier\"\n2018 Tim Hortons Brier The 2018 Tim Hortons Brier, Canada's national men's curling championship, was held from March 3 to 11, 2018 at the Brandt Centre in Regina, Saskatchewan. The winning team represented Canada at the 2018 World Men's Curling Championship from March 31 to April 8 at the Orleans Arena in Las Vegas, United States. This marked the fifth time the Brier was held in Regina, the first time since 2006. The 2018 tournament was the first to use a new 16-team format, featuring representation by all fourteen member associations of Curling Canada, alongside the defending champions (as Team", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 13 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "639072", "chunk_text": "\"2018–19 Curling World Cup – First Leg\"\n14, 12:00\"\" \"\"Friday, September 14, 16:00\"\" \"\"Saturday, September 15, 08:30\"\" \"\"Saturday, September 15, 16:00\"\" \"\"Saturday, September 15, 19:30\"\" \"\"Sunday, September 17, 16:00\"\" \"\"After Draw 14\"\" \"\"Wednesday, September 12, 18:30\"\" \"\"Thursday, September 13, 08:30\"\" \"\"Thursday, September 13, 16:00\"\" \"\"Friday, September 14, 08:30\"\" \"\"Friday, September 14, 12:00\"\" \"\"Friday, September 14, 16:00\"\" \"\"Friday, September 14, 19:30\"\" \"\"Saturday, September 15, 12:00\"\" \"\"Saturday, September 15, 16:00\"\" \"\"Sunday, September 16, 08:30\"\" 2018–19 Curling World Cup – First Leg The First Leg of the 2018–19 Curling World Cup took place from September 12 to 16, 2018 at the Suzhou Olympic Sports Center in Suzhou, China. Canada had", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 14 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13679771", "chunk_text": "\"2016 World Men's Curling Championship\"\n2016 World Men's Curling Championship The 2016 World Men's Curling Championship was held from April 2 to 10 at St. Jakobshalle in Basel, Switzerland. The following nations are qualified to participate in the 2016 World Men's Curling Championship: \"\"Final Round Robin Standings\"\" All draw times are listed in Central European Summer Time (UTC+2). \"\"Saturday, April 2, 14:00\"\" \"\"Saturday, April 2, 19:00\"\" \"\"Sunday, April 3, 9:00\"\" \"\"Sunday, April 3, 14:00\"\" \"\"Sunday, April 3, 19:00\"\" \"\"Monday, April 4, 9:00\"\" \"\"Monday, April 4, 14:00\"\" \"\"Monday, April 4, 19:00\"\" \"\"Tuesday, April 5, 9:00\"\" \"\"Tuesday, April 5, 14:00\"\" \"\"Tuesday, April 5, 19:00\"\" \"\"Wednesday, April 6,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 15 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "639064", "chunk_text": "\"2018–19 Curling World Cup – First Leg\"\n2018–19 Curling World Cup – First Leg The First Leg of the 2018–19 Curling World Cup took place from September 12 to 16, 2018 at the Suzhou Olympic Sports Center in Suzhou, China. Canada had a clean sweep, winning all three disciplines. Rachel Homan's team beat out the Swedish Anna Hasselborg rink in the women's final, team Kevin Koe defeated Norway's Steffen Walstad in the men's event, and Laura Walker and Kirk Muyres beat out Sarah Anderson and Korey Dropkin from the United States for mixed doubles gold. Curling World Cup matches have eight ends, rather than the standard ten", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 16 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3264436", "chunk_text": "\"2017–18 curling season\"\nbe moved up to the \"\"Curling Canada-sanctioned events\"\" section.\"\" \"\"Grand Slam events in bold. \"\"Note: More events may be posted as time progresses.\"\" 2017–18 curling season The 2017–18 curling season began in May 2017 and ended in May 2018. \"\"Note: In events with two genders, the men's tournament winners will be listed before the women's tournament winners.\"\" This section lists events sanctioned by and/or conducted by Curling Canada. The following events in bold have been confirmed by Curling Canada as are part of the 2017–18 Season of Champions programme. \"\"Note: Events that have not been placed on Curling Canada's list", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 17 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10289113", "chunk_text": "\"2018–19 curling season\"\nwill be moved up to the \"\"Curling Canada-sanctioned events\"\" section.\"\" \"\"Grand Slam events in bold. \"\"Note: More events may be posted as time progresses.\"\" 2018–19 curling season The 2018–19 curling season began in August 2018 and will end in May 2019. \"\"Note: In events with two genders, the men's tournament winners will be listed before the women's tournament winners.\"\" This section lists events sanctioned by and/or conducted by Curling Canada. The following events in bold have been confirmed by Curling Canada as are part of the 2018–19 Season of Champions programme. \"\"Note: Events that have not been placed on Curling", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 18 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3809037", "chunk_text": "\"2018–19 Curling World Cup\"\nthe current world champions, a team specifically invited, and the two highest remaining teams on the Curling World Cup ranking list will qualify for the Grand Final. Two separate teams from the same member association may qualify for the Grand Final. \"\"Sunday, September 17, 12:00\"\" \"\"Sunday, September 17, 16:00\"\" \"\"Sunday, September 16, 08:30\"\" \"\"Sunday, December 9, 12:00\"\" \"\"Sunday, December 9, 16:00\"\" \"\"Sunday, December 9, 08:30\"\" 2018–19 Curling World Cup The 2018–19 Curling World Cup will be the first edition of the Curling World Cup, held between men's, women's, and mixed doubles teams. It will take place in three legs and", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 19 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15469523", "chunk_text": "Curling\nCurling Championship was established in 2008, and the European Mixed Championship was replaced with the World Mixed Curling Championship in 2015. A mixed tournament was held at the Olympic level for the first time in 2018, although it was a doubles tournament, not a four-person. Curling tournaments may use the Schenkel system for determining the participants in matches. Curling is played in many countries, including Canada, the United Kingdom (especially Scotland), the United States, Norway, Sweden, Switzerland, Denmark, Finland and Japan, all of which compete in the world championships. Curling has been depicted by many artists including: George Harvey, John", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 20 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "341967", "chunk_text": "\"World Curling Championships\"\nWorld Curling Championships The World Curling Championships are the annual world championships for curling, organized by the World Curling Federation and contested by national championship teams. There are men's, women's and mixed doubles championships, as well as junior and senior championships for each gender. There is also a world championship for wheelchair curling. The men's championship started in 1959, while the women's started in 1979. The mixed doubles championship was started in 2008. Since 2005, the men's and women's championships have been held in different venues, with Canada hosting one of the two championships every year: the men's championship in", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 21 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5232590", "chunk_text": "\"2018–19 curling season\"\n2018–19 curling season The 2018–19 curling season began in August 2018 and will end in May 2019. \"\"Note: In events with two genders, the men's tournament winners will be listed before the women's tournament winners.\"\" This section lists events sanctioned by and/or conducted by Curling Canada. The following events in bold have been confirmed by Curling Canada as are part of the 2018–19 Season of Champions programme. \"\"Note: Events that have not been placed on Curling Canada's list of sanctioned events are listed here. If an event is listed on Curling Canada's final list for the 2018–19 curling season, it", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 22 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3264435", "chunk_text": "\"2017–18 curling season\"\n2017–18 curling season The 2017–18 curling season began in May 2017 and ended in May 2018. \"\"Note: In events with two genders, the men's tournament winners will be listed before the women's tournament winners.\"\" This section lists events sanctioned by and/or conducted by Curling Canada. The following events in bold have been confirmed by Curling Canada as are part of the 2017–18 Season of Champions programme. \"\"Note: Events that have not been placed on Curling Canada's list of sanctioned events are listed here. If an event is listed on Curling Canada's final list for the 2017–18 curling season, it will", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 23 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6502418", "chunk_text": "\"2018 World Junior Curling Championships\"\n\"\"Monday, March 5, 19:00\"\" \"\"Tuesday, March 6, 14:00\"\" \"\"Wednesday, March 7, 9:00\"\" \"\"Wednesday, March 7, 19:00\"\" \"\"Thursday, March 8, 14:00\"\" \"\"Friday, March 9, 14:00\"\" \"\"Saturday, March 10, 09:00\"\" \"\"Saturday, March 10, 09:00\"\" 2018 World Junior Curling Championships The 2018 World Junior Curling Championships was held from March 3 to 10 at Curl Aberdeen in Aberdeen, Scotland. Men's teams \"\"Final Round Robin Standings\"\" \"\"Saturday, March 3, 14:00\"\" \"\"Sunday, March 4, 9:00\"\" \"\"Sunday, March 4, 19:00\"\" \"\"Monday, March 5, 14:00\"\" \"\"Tuesday, March 6, 9:00\"\" \"\"Tuesday, March 6, 19:00\"\" \"\"Wednesday, March 7, 14:00\"\" \"\"Thursday, March 8, 9:00\"\" \"\"Thursday, March 8, 19:00\"\" \"\"Friday, March", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 24 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13126385", "chunk_text": "\"2017 World Junior Curling Championships\"\nFebruary 24, 14:00\"\" \"\"Friday, February 24, 14:00\"\" \"\"Saturday, February 25, 9:00\"\" \"\"Saturday, February 25, 15:00\"\" \"\"Saturday, February 25, 15:00\"\" \"\"Round robin only\"\" 2017 World Junior Curling Championships The 2017 World Junior Curling Championships (branded as the 2017 VoIP Defender World Junior Curling Championships for sponsorship reasons) was held from February 16 to 26 at the Gangneung Curling Centre in Gangneung, South Korea. The tournament has been designated as a test event for curling at the 2018 Winter Olympics. Men's teams \"\"Final Round Robin Standings\"\" \"\"Thursday, February 16, 14:00\"\" \"\"Friday, February 17, 9:00\"\" \"\"Friday, February 17, 19:00\"\" \"\"Saturday, February 18, 14:00\"\"", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 25 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5396861", "chunk_text": "\"2018 World Mixed Doubles Curling Championship\"\n2018 World Mixed Doubles Curling Championship The 2018 World Mixed Doubles Curling Championship was held from April 21 to 28 at the Östersund Arena in Östersund, Sweden. The event was held in conjunction with the 2018 World Senior Curling Championships. \"\"After Draw 28\"\" All draw times are listed in CEST (UTC+2) Draw 1 9:00 Draw 4 20:00 Draw 6 11:15 Draw 7 14:30 Draw 8 17:45 Draw 9 21:00 Draw 10 8:00 Draw 13 17:45 Draw 15 8:00 Draw 16 11:15 Draw 17 14:30 Draw 18 17:45 Draw 20 8:00 Draw 22 14:30 Draw 24 21:00 Draw 26 12:30 Draw", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 26 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11664136", "chunk_text": "\"Curling at the 2018 Winter Olympics – Women's tournament\"\nCurling at the 2018 Winter Olympics – Women's tournament The women's curling tournament of the 2018 Winter Olympics was held between 14 and 25 February 2018 at the Gangneung Curling Centre. Ten nations competed in a round robin preliminary round, and the top four nations at the conclusion of the round robin qualified for the medal round. The teams are listed as follows: All draw times are listed in Seoul Time (UTC+9). \"\"Wednesday, 14 February, 14:05\"\" \"\"Thursday, 15 February, 09:05\"\" \"\"Thursday, 15 February, 20:05\"\" \"\"Friday, 16 February, 14:05\"\" \"\"Saturday, 17 February, 09:05\"\" \"\"Saturday, 17 February, 20:05\"\" \"\"Sunday, 18 February, 14:05\"\"", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 27 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5286596", "chunk_text": "\"2018–19 Curling World Cup – Second Leg\"\n2018–19 Curling World Cup – Second Leg The Second Leg of the 2018–19 Curling World Cup took place from December 5 to 9, 2018 at the Ralston Arena in Omaha, United States.. Satsuki Fujisawa and her rink won the women's competition. John Shuster and his rink won the men's competition. Kristin Skaslien and Magnus Nedregotten won the mixed doubles competition. Curling World Cup matches have eight ends, rather than the standard ten ends. Ties after eight ends will be decided by a shoot-out, with each team throwing a stone and the one closest to the button winning. A win in", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 28 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13126383", "chunk_text": "\"2017 World Junior Curling Championships\"\n2017 World Junior Curling Championships The 2017 World Junior Curling Championships (branded as the 2017 VoIP Defender World Junior Curling Championships for sponsorship reasons) was held from February 16 to 26 at the Gangneung Curling Centre in Gangneung, South Korea. The tournament has been designated as a test event for curling at the 2018 Winter Olympics. Men's teams \"\"Final Round Robin Standings\"\" \"\"Thursday, February 16, 14:00\"\" \"\"Friday, February 17, 9:00\"\" \"\"Friday, February 17, 19:00\"\" \"\"Saturday, February 18, 14:00\"\" \"\"Sunday, February 19, 9:00\"\" \"\"Sunday, February 19, 19:00\"\" \"\"Monday, February 20, 14:00\"\" \"\"Tuesday, February 21, 9:00\"\" \"\"Tuesday, February 21, 19:00\"\" \"\"Wednesday, February", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 29 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5686608", "chunk_text": "\"Curling at the 2018 Winter Olympics – Qualification event\"\n8:00\"\" \"\"Sunday, December 10, 16:00\"\" \"\"Final Round Robin Standings\"\" All draw times are listed in Central European Time (UTC+1). \"\"Tuesday, December 5, 15:00\"\" \"\"Wednesday, December 6, 8:00\"\" \"\"Wednesday, December 6, 16:00\"\" \"\"Thursday, December 7, 9:00\"\" \"\"Thursday, December 7, 19:00\"\" \"\"Friday, December 8, 14:00\"\" \"\"Saturday, December 9, 9:00\"\" \"\"Saturday, December 9, 19:00\"\" \"\"Sunday, December 10, 12:00\"\" Curling at the 2018 Winter Olympics – Qualification event The Olympic qualifying event was held from 5-10 December 2017 in Plzeň, Czech Republic. The qualification event was open to any nations that earned qualification points at the 2016 or 2017 World Curling Championships or participated", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 30 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15334803", "chunk_text": "\"2010 World Men's Curling Championship\"\n5th, 18:00\"\" \"\"Tuesday, April 6th, 10:00\"\" \"\"Tuesday, April 6th, 15:00\"\" \"\"Tuesday, April 6th, 20:00\"\" \"\"Wednesday, April 7th, 10:00\"\" \"\"Wednesday, April 7th, 15:00\"\" \"\"Wednesday, April 7th, 20:00\"\" \"\"Thursday, April 8th, 10:00\"\" \"\"Thursday, April 8th, 15:00\"\" \"\"Thursday, April 8th, 20:00\"\" \"\"Friday, April 9, 19:00\"\" \"\"Saturday, April 10, 10:00\"\" \"\"Saturday, April 10th, 16:30\"\" \"\"Sunday, April 11th, 10:00\"\" \"\"Sunday, April 11th, 16:00\"\" 2010 World Men's Curling Championship The 2010 World Men's Curling Championship (branded as the Capital One World Men's Curling Championship 2010 for sponsorship reasons) was held from April 3 to 11 at the Stadio Olimpico Del Ghiaccio in Cortina d'Ampezzo, Italy. \"\"*", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 31 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17371641", "chunk_text": "\"2018–19 Curling World Cup – Grand Final\"\n2018–19 Curling World Cup – Grand Final The Grand Final of the 2018–19 Curling World Cup will take place from May 8 to 12, 2019 in Beijing, China. Curling World Cup matches have eight ends, rather than the standard ten ends. Ties after eight ends will be decided by a shoot-out, with each team throwing a stone and the one closest to the button winning. A win in eight or fewer ends will earn a team 3 points, a shoot-out win 2 points, a shoot-out less 1 point, and 0 points for a loss in eight or fewer ends. Each", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 32 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10435662", "chunk_text": "\"2018 World Mixed Doubles Curling Championship\"\nDraw 24 21:00 Draw 25 9:00 Draw 26 12:30 \"\"Friday, April 27, 9:00\"\" \"\"Friday, April 27, 12:30\"\" \"\"Friday, April 27, 16:00\"\" \"\"Friday, April 27, 19:30\"\" \"\"Saturday, April 28, 8:30\"\" \"\"Saturday, April 28, 12:00\"\" \"\"Saturday, April 28, 12:00\"\" \"\"Saturday, April 28, 12:00\"\" \"\"Saturday, April 28, 16:00\"\" \"\"Saturday, April 28, 16:00\"\" \"\"Saturday, April 28, 16:00\"\" \"\"Saturday, April 28, 16:00\"\" \"\"Saturday, April 28, 16:00\"\" \"\"Round robin only\"\" 2018 World Mixed Doubles Curling Championship The 2018 World Mixed Doubles Curling Championship was held from April 21 to 28 at the Östersund Arena in Östersund, Sweden. The event was held in conjunction with the 2018", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 33 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20880664", "chunk_text": "\"2019 World Qualification Event\"\n2019 World Qualification Event The 2019 World Qualification Event will be held from January 18 to 23 at the Maniototo Curling International rink in Naseby, New Zealand. It will be jointly hosted by Australia and New Zealand, with the New Zealand women's team taking one host berth and the Australia men's team the other. The top two finishers in the men's and women's divisions will qualify for the 2019 World Men's Curling Championship and 2019 World Women's Curling Championship respectively. The following nations are qualified to participate in the 2019 World Qualification Event: The following nations are qualified to participate", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 34 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20547185", "chunk_text": "\"2018–19 Curling World Cup – Second Leg\"\n\"\"Friday, December 7, 08:30\"\" \"\"Friday, December 7, 12:00\"\" \"\"Friday, December 7, 16:00\"\" \"\"Friday, December 7, 19:30\"\" \"\"Saturday, December 8, 12:00\"\" \"\"Saturday, December 8, 16:00\"\" \"\"Sunday, December 9, 08:30\"\" 2018–19 Curling World Cup – Second Leg The Second Leg of the 2018–19 Curling World Cup took place from December 5 to 9, 2018 at the Ralston Arena in Omaha, United States.. Satsuki Fujisawa and her rink won the women's competition. John Shuster and his rink won the men's competition. Kristin Skaslien and Magnus Nedregotten won the mixed doubles competition. Curling World Cup matches have eight ends, rather than the standard ten", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 35 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14282475", "chunk_text": "\"Curling at the 2018 Winter Olympics – Qualification\"\nevent which was held in December 2017. Seven nations qualified teams via World Championship qualification points, while two nations qualified through the qualification event (nations who competed at the 2014 and/or 2015 Worlds and did not score points were also eligible to compete at this tournament). As host nation, South Korea qualified teams automatically, thus making a total of ten teams per gender in the curling tournaments. For the mixed doubles competition, the top seven ranked teams earning qualification points from performances at the 2016 and 2017 World Mixed Doubles Curling Championship qualified along with hosts South Korea. The qualification", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 36 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18830079", "chunk_text": "\"Curling World Cup\"\nand the one closest to the button winning. A win in eight or fewer ends will earn a team 3 points, a shoot-out win 2 points, a shoot-out loss 1 point, and 0 points for a loss in eight or fewer ends. Curling World Cup The Curling World Cup is a curling tournament to be first held as part of the 2018–19 curling season, organized by the World Curling Federation and Kingdomway Sports. The tournament will have four legs: three qualifying legs and a Grand Final. In September 2017, the World Curling Federation announced they had reached an agreement with", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 37 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16937006", "chunk_text": "\"Canada at the 2018 Winter Olympics\"\non January 8, 2017. Canada qualified a men's team by earning enough points in the last two World Curling Championships. The Olympic team was decided at the 2017 Canadian Olympic Curling Trials. The Canadian team consists of Kevin Koe, Marc Kennedy, Brent Laing, Ben Hebert, and Scott Pfeifer. Canada has a bye in draws 4, 8 and 11. \"\"Wednesday, 14 February, 09:05\"\" \"\"Wednesday, 14 February, 20:05\"\" \"\"Thursday, 15 February, 14:05\"\" \"\"Friday, 16 February, 20:05\"\" \"\"Saturday, 17 February, 14:05\"\" \"\"Sunday, 18 February, 09:05\"\" \"\"Monday, 19 February, 14:05\"\" \"\"Tuesday, 20 February, 09:05\"\" \"\"Wednesday, 21 February, 14:05\"\" \"\"Thursday, 22 February, 20:05\"\" \"\"Friday, 23", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 38 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7765431", "chunk_text": "\"Curling at the 2018 Winter Olympics – Qualification event\"\nCurling at the 2018 Winter Olympics – Qualification event The Olympic qualifying event was held from 5-10 December 2017 in Plzeň, Czech Republic. The qualification event was open to any nations that earned qualification points at the 2016 or 2017 World Curling Championships or participated at the 2014 or 2015 World Curling Championships (the Czech men's team, the Norway & the Latvia women's team). The top two teams from the qualification event qualified their nations to participate in the Olympics. In both the men's and the women's tournaments, the teams played a single round robin, and at its conclusion, the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 39 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13448990", "chunk_text": "\"2017 Masters of Curling\"\n2017 Masters of Curling The 2017 Masters of Curling was held from October 24 to 29, at the Lloydminster Centennial Civic Centre in Lloydminster, Saskatchewan. This was the second Grand Slam and first major of the 2017–18 curling season. The top 14 men's and women's teams on the World Curling Tour order of merit standing as of September 19, 2017 qualified for the event, along with the winners of the 2017 GSOC Tour Challenge Tier 2 event (Jason Gunnlaugson and Kerri Einarson respectively). One team, the Steffen Walstad rink from Norway declined their invitation, and were replaced with the next", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 40 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2767158", "chunk_text": "\"2018 Tim Hortons Brier\"\nteams that failed to advance) were carried forward into the Championship Pool. All draw times are listed in Central Standard Time (). \"\"Thursday, March 8, 14:00\"\" \"\"Thursday, March 8, 19:00\"\" \"\"Friday, March 9, 14:00\"\" \"\"Friday, March 9, 19:00\"\" \"\"Saturday, March 10, 19:00\"\" \"\"Saturday, March 10, 14:00\"\" \"\"Sunday, March 11, 09:00\"\" \"\"Sunday, March 11, 16:00\"\" \"\"Final Round Robin Percentages; minimum 6 games\"\" \"\"Round Robin and Championship Pool only\"\" The awards and all-star teams are listed as follows: \"\"First Team\"\" \"\"Second Team\"\" 2018 Tim Hortons Brier The 2018 Tim Hortons Brier, Canada's national men's curling championship, was held from March 3 to", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 41 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1095175", "chunk_text": "\"Kevin Koe\"\nhis rink to represent Canada at the 2018 Winter Olympics, where the team placed fourth overall after losing the semi final match to Team Shuster of the United States and falling short in the bronze medal match versus Switzerland. On April 15th, 2018, Koe won the Player's Championship Grand Slam of Curling event with a 6-2 victory over Niklas Edin of Sweden. After the season, Kennedy and Laing left the team and were replaced with B. J. Neufeld and Colton Flasch. Koe and his new team began the 2018-19 curling season by winning the first leg of the Curling World", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 42 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2778040", "chunk_text": "\"Curling at the 2014 Winter Olympics – Men's tournament\"\nCurling at the 2014 Winter Olympics – Men's tournament The men's curling tournament of the 2014 Winter Olympics was held at the Ice Cube Curling Center in Sochi, Russia on 10–21 February 2014. Ten nations competed in a round robin preliminary round, and the top four nations at the conclusion of the round robin qualified for the medal round. The teams are listed as follows: All draw times are listed in Moscow Time (UTC+4). \"\"Monday, 10 February, 09:00\"\" \"\"Monday, 10 February, 19:00\"\" \"\"Tuesday, 11 February, 14:00\"\" \"\"Wednesday, 12 February, 09:00\"\" \"\"Wednesday, 12 February, 19:00\"\" \"\"Thursday, 13 February, 14:00\"\" \"\"Friday, 14", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 43 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6502417", "chunk_text": "\"2018 World Junior Curling Championships\"\n2018 World Junior Curling Championships The 2018 World Junior Curling Championships was held from March 3 to 10 at Curl Aberdeen in Aberdeen, Scotland. Men's teams \"\"Final Round Robin Standings\"\" \"\"Saturday, March 3, 14:00\"\" \"\"Sunday, March 4, 9:00\"\" \"\"Sunday, March 4, 19:00\"\" \"\"Monday, March 5, 14:00\"\" \"\"Tuesday, March 6, 9:00\"\" \"\"Tuesday, March 6, 19:00\"\" \"\"Wednesday, March 7, 14:00\"\" \"\"Thursday, March 8, 9:00\"\" \"\"Thursday, March 8, 19:00\"\" \"\"Friday, March 9, 19:00\"\" \"\"Saturday, March 10, 14:00\"\" \"\"Saturday, March 10, 14:00\"\" Women's teams \"\"Final round robin standings\"\" \"\"Saturday, March 3, 9:00\"\" \"\"Saturday, March 3, 19:00\"\" \"\"Sunday, March 4, 14:00\"\" \"\"Monday, March 5, 9:00\"\"", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 44 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12218235", "chunk_text": "\"2018 Americas Challenge (January)\"\nat the World Men's Curling Championship to the Americas Zone, which are normally taken by Canada and the United States. However, the World Curling Federation allows for other member nations in the Americas Zone (i.e. Brazil) to challenge Canada and/or the United States for berths to the World Championships. As hosts, the United States receive an automatic berth to the 2018 World Men's Championships. Thus, Brazil is allowed to challenge Canada for a berth to the 2018 World Championships. This will be Brazil's first men's challenge of Canada; it had unsuccessfully challenged the United States in 2017, 2015, 2010 and", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 45 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8099378", "chunk_text": "\"Tyler George\"\nskip on the U.S. Olympic men's curling team that won the gold medal at the 2018 Winter Olympics. After winning the 2017 United States Men's Curling Championship and the 2017 United States Olympic Curling Trials, the John Shuster rink went on to win gold in 2018 in Pyeongchang, South Korea. After winning gold, George elected to temporarily step away from curling and left the Shuster rink, citing his desires to take time off to \"\"...recharge the battery, let my body heal.\"\" George works as a general manager for George's Liquor. Tyler George Tyler George (born October 6, 1982) is an", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 46 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2962479", "chunk_text": "\"John Shuster\"\nJohn Shuster John Shuster (; born November 3, 1982) is an American curler. He led team USA to gold at the 2018 Winter Olympics, the first American team to ever win gold in curling. He also won a bronze medal at the 2006 Winter Olympics in Turin and has played in four straight Winter Olympics (2006, 2010, 2014, 2018) and has played in seven World Curling Championships (2003, 2005, 2006, 2009, 2015, 2016, 2017). Shuster began his international career playing lead for the Pete Fenson rink. He played in his first world competition at the 2003 Ford World Men's Curling", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 47 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7946433", "chunk_text": "\"United States Curling Association\"\nUnited States Curling Association The United States Curling Association (USA Curling) is the national governing body of the sport of curling in the United States. The goal of the USCA is to grow the sport of curling in the United States and win medals in competitions both domestic and abroad. Curling’s recent popularity has swelled the USCA to 165 curling clubs and 16,500 curlers in the United States. The United States Olympic men's curling teams have seen success in recent years, most notably winning the gold medal at the 2018 Winter Olympics in PyeongChang, led by skip John Shuster. The", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 48 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12737410", "chunk_text": "\"Curling at the Winter Olympics\"\nbut was approved for the 2018 Winter Olympics at an IOC Executive Board meeting in June 2015. Since the 1998 Olympics, Canada has generally dominated the sport with their men's teams winning gold in 2006, 2010, and 2014, and silver in 1998 and 2002. The women's team won gold in 1998 and 2014, a silver in 2010, and a bronze in 2002 and 2006. Their mixed doubles team won gold in 2018. The related ice stock sport (\"\"Eisstockschießen\"\" in German) was a demonstration event in 1936 and 1964. These events are not considered additional demonstrations of curling. The final placement", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 49 } ]
test_3492	who did cubs beat in 2016 world series?	n/a	[ "the Indians", "Cleveland Indians" ]	[]	n/a	n/a	n/a	[]	[ { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18496332", "chunk_text": "\"2016 World Series\"\n2016 World Series The 2016 World Series was the championship series of Major League Baseball's (MLB) 2016 season. The 112th edition of the World Series, it was a best-of-seven playoff between the National League (NL) champion Chicago Cubs and the American League (AL) champion Cleveland Indians, the first meeting of those franchises in postseason history. The series was played between October 25 and November 3. The Indians had home-field advantage because the AL had won the 2016 All-Star Game. It was also the last World Series to have home-field advantage determined by the All-Star Game results; since , home-field advantage", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 0 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20907381", "chunk_text": "\"2016 World Series\"\nthis game.'\"\" The Cubs became the first team to come back from a 3–1 deficit to win the Series since the 1985 Kansas City Royals. They were also the first since the 1979 Pittsburgh Pirates to do so while winning Games 6 and 7 on the road, and the second team since the 1979 Pirates to win Game 7 as the visiting team, with the 2014 San Francisco Giants also having achieved that feat in Kansas City; almost one year later, the 2017 Houston Astros did the same thing in Los Angeles. With the Game 7 victory, Joe Maddon is", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 1 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20907347", "chunk_text": "\"2016 World Series\"\nhas been awarded to the team with the better record. The Cubs defeated the Indians when they won 4 games to 3 to win their first World Series since 1908. Game 7, an 8–7 victory in extra innings, marked the fifth time that a Game 7 had gone past nine innings and the first since 1997 (which, coincidentally, also featured the Indians). It was also the first to have a rain delay which occurred as the tenth inning was about to start. The Cubs became the sixth team to come back from a 3-1 deficit to win a best-of-seven World", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 2 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18496334", "chunk_text": "\"2016 World Series\"\nSeries, following the 1925 Pittsburgh Pirates, the 1958 New York Yankees, the 1968 Detroit Tigers, the 1979 Pittsburgh Pirates, and the 1985 Kansas City Royals. The Cubs, playing in their eleventh World Series and their first since 1945, won their third championship and first since 1908, ending the longest world championship drought in North American professional sports history. It was the Indians' sixth appearance in the World Series and their first since 1997, with their last Series win having come in 1948. The two teams entered their matchup as the two franchises with the longest World Series title droughts, a", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 3 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20907382", "chunk_text": "\"2016 World Series\"\n3-0 in postseason series against Terry Francona, having also won the 2008 ALCS and the 2013 Wild Card Game against him. Game 7 was the 60th extra inning game in World Series history as well as the first extra inning Game 7 won by the road team. In the previous four times in 1912, 1924, 1991 and 1997, the home team won all four extra inning Game 7s. 2016 World Series (4–3): Chicago Cubs beat Cleveland Indians. Fox televised the series in the United States, under contract with Major League Baseball giving it exclusive rights to the World Series through", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 4 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7382893", "chunk_text": "\"2016 Chicago Cubs season\"\ntitle since the 2008 season, winning by 17½ games. The team also reached the 100-win mark for the first time since 1935 and won 103 total games, the most wins for the franchise since 1910. The Cubs defeated the San Francisco Giants in the National League Division Series and returned to the National League Championship Series for the second year in a row, where they defeated the Los Angeles Dodgers in six games. The Cubs defeated the Cleveland Indians in seven games in the 2016 World Series, their first appearance since the 1945 World Series and first win since the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 5 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18496337", "chunk_text": "\"2016 World Series\"\nseed, and they defeated the 5th-seeded San Francisco Giants in four games of the NL Division Series before clinching their first NL pennant since 1945 with a sixth-game victory over the 3rd-seeded Los Angeles Dodgers in the NL Championship Series. For Cubs manager Joe Maddon, it was his second appearance in the World Series as manager – in 2008, he managed the Tampa Bay Rays when they beat the Boston Red Sox in seven games to win the AL pennant, then were defeated in five games by the Philadelphia Phillies in the World Series. It was also Maddon's third World", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 6 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "302059", "chunk_text": "\"2016 National League Championship Series\"\n2016 National League Championship Series The 2016 National League Championship Series was a best-of-seven playoff in which the Chicago Cubs defeated the Los Angeles Dodgers for the National League (NL) pennant and the right to play in the 2016 World Series against the Cleveland Indians. As winners of one of the Division Series and the team with the best regular season record in the National League, the Cubs earned home-field advantage regardless of opponent. The series was the 47th in league history. FS1 televised all of the games in the United States. The Cubs would go on to defeat the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 7 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18496336", "chunk_text": "\"2016 World Series\"\nthe Boston Red Sox, in against the Athletics, in against the New York Yankees, in against the Tigers, in against the Yankees, and in against the Tigers. The Cubs qualified for the postseason by winning the National League Central, ending the regular season with the best record in the major leagues (103–58) for the first time since 1945; they also posted their highest winning percentage since 1935, and won their most games since 1910. The division title was their sixth since division play began in 1969, and their first since 2008. The Cubs entered the postseason as the overall #1", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 8 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13157744", "chunk_text": "\"2016 Major League Baseball season\"\n2016 Major League Baseball season The 2016 Major League Baseball season began on April 3, 2016 with a Sunday afternoon matchup between the St. Louis Cardinals and the Pittsburgh Pirates, the two teams with the best regular season records in 2015, at PNC Park in Pittsburgh. The regular season ended on Sunday, October 2, 2016, and the postseason on Wednesday, November 2, 2016, with the Chicago Cubs coming back from a three games to one deficit to defeat the Cleveland Indians in the World Series and win their first championship since 1908. The Los Angeles Angels of Anaheim shorten their", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 9 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1249510", "chunk_text": "\"2016 National League Championship Series\"\nhis Game 2 magic, giving up five runs and two home runs, being replaced in the sixth inning. Relief pitcher Kenley Jansen shut out the Cubs for three innings in the loss. Javier Báez and Jon Lester won NLCS co-Most Valuable Player honors. 2016 NLCS (4–2): Chicago Cubs beat Los Angeles Dodgers. 2016 National League Championship Series The 2016 National League Championship Series was a best-of-seven playoff in which the Chicago Cubs defeated the Los Angeles Dodgers for the National League (NL) pennant and the right to play in the 2016 World Series against the Cleveland Indians. As winners of", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 10 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10619339", "chunk_text": "\"Thomas S. Ricketts\"\nThe Tribune opted to retain a 5% ownership stake in the team. After 108 years of waiting, the Cubs won the 2016 World Series with a wild 8-7, 10-inning Game 7 victory over the Indians on Wednesday night at Progressive Field. The triumph completed their climb back from a 3-1 Series deficit to claim their first championship since 1908. Since acquiring the Chicago Cubs in Oct. 2009, the Ricketts family placed a priority on renovating Wrigley Field as part of their plan to put a championship-caliber team on the field. In 2014, the nearly $1 billion renovation project of Wrigley", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 11 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "101173", "chunk_text": "\"Chicago Cubs\"\nCubs have appeared in a total of eleven World Series. The 1906 Cubs won 116 games, finishing 116–36 and posting a modern-era record winning percentage of , before losing the World Series to the Chicago White Sox (\"\"The Hitless Wonders\"\") by four games to two. The Cubs won back-to-back World Series championships in 1907 and 1908, becoming the first major league team to play in three consecutive World Series, and the first to win it twice. Most recently, the Cubs won the 2016 National League Championship Series and 2016 World Series, which ended a 71-year National League pennant drought and", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 12 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18496335", "chunk_text": "\"2016 World Series\"\ncombined 176 years without a championship. Cleveland manager Terry Francona, who had previously won World Series titles with the Boston Red Sox in 2004 and 2007, fell short in his bid to become the third manager, and the first non-Yankees manager, to win his first three trips to the Fall Classic, after Casey Stengel and Joe Torre. The Cubs made their eleventh appearance in the World Series; their only previous two championships were in and , both against the Detroit Tigers. They lost their eight other appearances, in against the Chicago White Sox, in against the Philadelphia Athletics, in against", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 13 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18496347", "chunk_text": "\"2016 World Series\"\nKyle Hendricks started against Cleveland pitcher Josh Tomlin. The game's only run came off a Coco Crisp single that scored Michael Martínez from third in the seventh inning. Josh Tomlin, Andrew Miller, Bryan Shaw, and Cody Allen combined to shut out the Cubs. Allen earned his sixth postseason save as Javier Báez struck out swinging to end the game, leaving the tying and winning runs in scoring position. It was the fourth time in which the Cubs had lost in a shutout during the 2016 postseason. For Game 4, former Cubs pitchers Greg Maddux and Ferguson Jenkins threw the ceremonial", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 14 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18496371", "chunk_text": "\"2016 World Series\"\ncity of Chicago estimated that over five million people attended the World Series parade and rally celebration, which would make it one of the largest human gatherings in history. After the season, the Cubs chose to make two traditional White House visits during then-President (and White Sox fan), Barack Obama's final week in office on January 16, 2017, and during President Donald Trump's tenure on June 28, 2017. 2016 World Series The 2016 World Series was the championship series of Major League Baseball's (MLB) 2016 season. The 112th edition of the World Series, it was a best-of-seven playoff between the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 15 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18496343", "chunk_text": "\"2016 World Series\"\nAfrican-American to play for the Cubs in a World Series. Former Indians player Carlos Baerga threw the ceremonial first pitch before Game 2. The start time for the game was moved up an hour, because of the possibility of heavy rain in the forecast. Looking to tie the series at one game apiece, the Cubs sent Jake Arrieta to the mound against the Indians' Trevor Bauer. The Cubs also featured six players under age 25 in the starting lineup, a postseason record. The Cubs started things off early as Kris Bryant singled in the first inning and Anthony Rizzo doubled", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 16 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "302060", "chunk_text": "\"2016 National League Championship Series\"\nCleveland Indians in the World Series in seven games, after overcoming a 3–1 series deficit, winning their first World Series championship for the first time in 108 years, ending the Curse of the Billy Goat. The 2016 NLCS was the Cubs' second consecutive NLCS appearance and fifth overall. Chicago lost its first four NLCS appearances, in 1984, 1989, 2003, and most recently were swept in the 2015 National League Championship Series. This was the first time the Cubs have made back-to-back NLCS appearances. The Cubs had not won a World Series championship since 1908 or played in the World Series", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 17 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20907370", "chunk_text": "\"2016 World Series\"\nSeries since Bob Gibson in . Game 7 of the series would go down as a classic, with some calling it the greatest Game 7 in World Series history, comparing it to 1960, 1991 and 2001 for its drama and tension. Former Indians player Jim Thome threw the ceremonial first pitch before the game. The pitching matchup was between MLB earned run average (ERA) champion Kyle Hendricks, who had started Game 3 for the Cubs, and Corey Kluber, who had won games 1 and 4 and was pitching on three days' rest. Kluber came into the game 4–1 in the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 18 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15510944", "chunk_text": "\"Chicago Cubs\"\nNLCS win since the series was created in 1969. The win earned the Cubs their first World Series appearance since 1945 and a chance for their first World Series win since 1908. Coming back from a three-games-to-one deficit, the Cubs defeated the Cleveland Indians in seven games in the 2016 World Series, They were the first team to come back from a three-games-to-one deficit since the Kansas City Royals in 1985. On November 4, the city of Chicago held a victory parade and rally for the Cubs that began at Wrigley Field, headed down Lake Shore Drive, and ended in", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 19 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20762038", "chunk_text": "\"Curse of the Billy Goat\"\nwith them. The Cubs ended the 2016 season with a () record. It was their first 100-win season since 1935 (, ), their best since 1910 (, ), and the sixth 100-win season in franchise history. The Cubs won the National League Championship Series (NLCS), their first pennant in 71 years, with a 5–0 shutout in Game 6 against the Los Angeles Dodgers at Wrigley Field on October 22, 2016, the \"\"curse\"\" was broken on the 46th anniversary of Billy Sianis's death. In 2016, the Cubs won the World Series for the first time since 1908, ending the historic 108-year", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 20 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1249507", "chunk_text": "\"2016 National League Championship Series\"\nfly by Andrew Toles to make the score 8–4, but induced Justin Turner to ground out to end the game. The win put the Cubs on the brink of the World Series as the series moved back to Wrigley Field. Cubs pitchers Kyle Hendricks and Aroldis Chapman combined to allow only two hits and one walk, facing the minimum 27 batters, the first time this had occurred in postseason play since Don Larsen's perfect game in the 1956 World Series. The Cubs won the series four games to two and won the pennant for the first time since 1945, clinching", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 21 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9455144", "chunk_text": "\"World Series\"\nNew York Mets in the World Series 4–1, capturing their first title in 30 years. The 2015 contest was the first time that two expansion clubs met for the Fall Classic. In 2016, the Chicago Cubs ended their 108-year long drought without a World Series title by defeating the Cleveland Indians, rallying from a 3–1 Series deficit in the process. That extended Cleveland's World Series title drought to 68 years and counting – the Indians last won the Series in 1948 – now the longest title drought in the majors. Beginning in 2017, home field advantage in the World Series", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 22 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18496350", "chunk_text": "\"2016 World Series\"\nWorld Series championship. For Game 5, former Cubs star and Hall of Fame member Ryne Sandberg threw the ceremonial first pitch before the start of the game, and Eddie Vedder sang \"\"Take Me Out to the Ball Game\"\" during the seventh-inning stretch. José Ramírez hit a home run for Cleveland in the second inning off Jon Lester, but the Cubs, facing elimination, scored three runs in the fourth inning off Trevor Bauer. Kris Bryant led off the inning with a home run. After Bryant's home run, Anthony Rizzo doubled and Ben Zobrist singled. Addison Russell's RBI single put the Cubs", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 23 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18496352", "chunk_text": "\"2016 World Series\"\nFormer Indians pitcher Dennis Martínez threw out the ceremonial first pitch before the game. The Cubs scored three runs in the first inning, all with two outs, on a Kris Bryant home run and a two-run double by Addison Russell after two singles off Josh Tomlin. In the third inning, the Cubs loaded the bases on a walk and two singles off Tomlin, who was relieved by Dan Otero. Following the pitching change, Russell hit a grand slam to extend the Cubs lead to 7–0. Russell's grand slam was the first in a World Series game since Paul Konerko of", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 24 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19395529", "chunk_text": "\"2017 Chicago Cubs season\"\n2017 Chicago Cubs season The 2017 Chicago Cubs season was the 146th season of the Chicago Cubs franchise, the 142nd in the National League and the Cubs' 102nd season at Wrigley Field. The Cubs were the defending World Series champions, having defeated the Cleveland Indians in the 2016 World Series. The Cubs were managed by Joe Maddon, in his third year as Cubs manager, and played their home games at Wrigley Field as members of the National League Central Division. The Cubs began the season on April 2, 2017 at the St. Louis Cardinals and finished the regular season October", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 25 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20907380", "chunk_text": "\"2016 World Series\"\nby Bryant, who threw to Rizzo. This ended the game and the World Series, with the Cubs winning the series and ending their 108-year World Series championship drought. Zobrist was awarded the World Series MVP award after hitting .357 in the series and delivering the go-ahead hit. Rizzo called the rain delay \"\"the most important thing to happen to the Chicago Cubs in the past 100 years. I don't think there's any way we win the game without it.\"\" Cubs president Theo Epstein said that when he heard about the meeting called by Heyward, \"\"Right then I thought, 'We're winning", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 26 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3828969", "chunk_text": "\"Curse of the Billy Goat\"\nwin the NL pennant. The Cubs then defeated the American League (AL) champion Cleveland Indians 8–7 in 10 innings in game 7 to win the 2016 World Series, 108 years after their last win. The exact nature of Sianis's curse differs in various accounts of the incident. Some state that he declared that no World Series games would ever again be played at Wrigley Field, while others believe that his ban was on the Cubs appearing in the World Series, making no mention of a specific venue. Sianis’s family claims that he dispatched a telegram to team owner Philip K.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 27 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18496344", "chunk_text": "\"2016 World Series\"\nto score Bryant and give the Cubs an early 1–0 lead. Arrieta started well too, retiring the first two batters before walking back-to-back batters in the bottom of the first. However, Arrieta got a flyout to end the inning. The Cubs struck again in the third following a two-out walk by Rizzo and a single by Ben Zobrist. A single by Kyle Schwarber scored Rizzo from second and pushed the Cubs' lead to 2–0. Bauer was forced from the game in the fourth, and the Cubs struck again in the fifth. Rizzo walked again off Zach McAllister, and Zobrist tripled", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 28 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "60150", "chunk_text": "Chicago\nwhen the White Sox, known as the \"\"Hitless Wonders,\"\" defeated the Cubs, 4-2. The Cubs are the oldest Major League Baseball team to have never changed their city; they have played in Chicago since 1871, and continuously so since 1874 due to the Great Chicago Fire. They have played more games and have more wins than any other team in Major League baseball since 1876. They have won three World Series titles, including the 2016 World Series, but had the dubious honor of having the two longest droughts in American professional sports: They had not won their sport's title since", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 29 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18496351", "chunk_text": "\"2016 World Series\"\nup 2−1. After Jason Heyward struck out, Javier Baez's bunt single moved Zobrist to third before David Ross's sacrifice fly made it 3–1 Cubs. The Indians cut their deficit to 3−2 off Lester in the sixth on Francisco Lindor's RBI single that scored Rajai Davis from second base. With the tying run on second base in the seventh inning, Maddon brought in Aroldis Chapman, who threw scoreless innings, earning his first save of the series and fourth overall in the postseason. The last living member of Cleveland's 1948 World Series championship team, Eddie Robinson, attended Game 6 at Progressive Field.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 30 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18496340", "chunk_text": "\"2016 World Series\"\nMaddon. They met in the 2008 ALCS and the 2013 AL Wild Card Game with Maddon's teams winning both times. Former Indians and Cubs player Kenny Lofton threw the ceremonial first pitch before Game 1. Corey Kluber started for the Indians, and Jon Lester started for the Cubs. Kyle Schwarber, who had missed nearly all of the 2016 season after tearing ligaments in his leg in the season's fourth game, was added to the Cubs' World Series roster and started as their designated hitter. Schwarber struck out twice, but also doubled and drew a walk. The double made Schwarber the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 31 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7382894", "chunk_text": "\"2016 Chicago Cubs season\"\n1908 World Series. In the World Series, the Cubs came back from a three-games-to-one deficit, winning the final three games. The last time a team came back from a three-games-to-one deficit to win the World Series was the Kansas City Royals in 1985. The Cubs were also the first team to win Games 6 and 7 on the road in a World Series since the Pittsburgh Pirates had done so against the Baltimore Orioles in 1979. The World Series victory put an end to the so-called Curse of the Billy Goat and the longest World Series championship drought in history.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 32 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12902504", "chunk_text": "\"Kyle Hendricks\"\nNational League in the stat since 1945 and the first to lead the majors since 1938. In Game 6 of the NLCS, Hendricks pitched innings facing the minimum in the clinching game to send the Cubs to their first World Series since 1945. The Cubs won the 2016 World Series over the Cleveland Indians, with Hendricks as the starting pitcher in Games 3 and 7, giving them their first title in 108 years. On June 8, 2017, Hendricks was placed on the 10-day disabled list (transaction retroactive 3 days prior) due to middle finger tendon inflammation in his right hand.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 33 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "302061", "chunk_text": "\"2016 National League Championship Series\"\nsince 1945. This was the Dodgers' 11th overall appearance in the NLCS. Los Angeles was in the NLCS for the first time since losing the 2013 National League Championship Series to the St. Louis Cardinals. The Dodgers split their previous ten NLCS appearances, with their most recent victory in 1988, the same year they last appeared in and won the World Series. This was the second postseason meeting between the Cubs and the Dodgers. Their only other postseason series was the 2008 National League Division Series, in which the Dodgers swept the Cubs in three games, this postseason matchup would", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 34 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20907371", "chunk_text": "\"2016 World Series\"\npostseason with a 0.89 ERA. Dexter Fowler led off the game with a home run for Chicago off Kluber, becoming the first player ever to hit a lead-off home run in a World Series Game 7. The Indians tied the game in the bottom of the third inning with an RBI single by Carlos Santana, but the Cubs scored two runs in the fourth inning with a sacrifice fly by Addison Russell (Kris Bryant running aggressively to tag up from third on the short fly ball and slide under the tag at home) and a double by Willson Contreras. To", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 35 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20907374", "chunk_text": "\"2016 World Series\"\nput runners on second and third. A wild pitch that ricocheted off Ross's helmet allowed Santana and Kipnis to score, narrowing the Cubs' lead to 5–3. To atone for his blunders, the 39-year-old Ross hit a home run to center, in his last official at-bat of his career, in the top of the sixth to make it a 6–3 game, becoming the oldest player to hit a home run in a World Series Game 7. Lester retired the first two batters in the eighth inning, but was pulled after a José Ramírez single. Maddon opted to use Aroldis Chapman, who", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 36 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10406797", "chunk_text": "\"2017 National League Championship Series\"\n2017 National League Championship Series The 2017 National League Championship Series was a best-of-seven playoff pitting the Los Angeles Dodgers against the Chicago Cubs for the National League pennant and the right to play in the 2017 World Series. The series was a rematch of the 2016 NLCS, which Chicago won four games to two en route to their first World Series victory since 1908. This was just the 10th time two teams have met in at least two straight League Championship Series, which have existed since divisional play began in 1969. The Dodgers beat the Cubs in five games", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 37 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18496370", "chunk_text": "\"2016 World Series\"\nobligated to carry the national ESPN Radio feed; even so, since both WSCR and WTAM are clear-channel stations, most of the eastern and midwestern United States was able to hear the local broadcasts. Following the team's win in Game 7, Cubs fans congregated outside of Wrigley Field and the surrounding Wrigleyville neighborhood to celebrate the championship. On November 4, the team's victory parade began at Wrigley Field and headed down Lake Shore Drive and Michigan Avenue at downtown for a noon rally at Grant Park. Country singer Brett Eldredge sang a cover of \"\"Go, Cubs, Go\"\" during the rally. The", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 38 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20907369", "chunk_text": "\"2016 World Series\"\nthe bottom of the inning, Aroldis Chapman allowed a leadoff walk to Brandon Guyer and was relieved by Pedro Strop, who threw a wild pitch to move Guyer to second and Roberto Perez's RBI single made it 9−3 Cubs with Perez thrown out at second for the second out. After Carlos Santana walked, Travis Wood relieved Strop and got Jason Kipnis to pop out to short to end the game and force a Game 7. Russell's six RBIs tied a World Series single-game record. Arrieta became the first NL starting pitcher to notch two road wins in a single World", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 39 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20907377", "chunk_text": "\"2016 World Series\"\nSantana, Jason Kipnis, and Francisco Lindor, the Indians 1, 2, and 3 hitters. With the game tied 6-6 after nine innings, a sudden cloudburst resulted in a 17-minute rain delay. During the delay, Cubs right fielder Jason Heyward called his teammates into a weight room behind Chicago's dugout and told them, \"\"We're the best team in baseball. . . for a reason. . . Stick together and we're going to win this game.\"\" When play resumed in the top of the tenth, Kyle Schwarber led off with a single off Bryan Shaw to right and was replaced by pinch runner", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 40 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18496345", "chunk_text": "\"2016 World Series\"\nto plate Rizzo. Another run-scoring single by Schwarber off Bryan Shaw and a bases-loaded walk by Addison Russell pushed the lead to 5–0. Arrieta continued to pitch well, walking three batters but holding the Indians without a hit into the sixth inning. In the sixth, a double by Jason Kipnis ended the no-hitter, moved to third on a groundout and scored the lone Indians run of the game on a wild pitch by Arrieta. Arrieta allowed another single and was lifted for reliever Mike Montgomery. Both teams threatened in the seventh but could not score and, following a single by", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 41 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19395553", "chunk_text": "\"2017 Chicago Cubs season\"\nvoted co-MVPs of the series. The lone Chicago run came on a Kris Bryant home run in the fourth. Every Cubs run scored in the series came via a home run. With the 11–1 victory the Dodgers returned to the World Series for the first time since 1988. 2017 NLCS (4–1): Los Angeles Dodgers beat Chicago Cubs \"\"Note: G = Games played; AB = At bats; R = Runs; H = Hits; 2B = Doubles; 3B = Triples; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in; SB = Stolen bases; BB = Walks; K = Strikeouts; Avg. = Batting", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 42 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18496349", "chunk_text": "\"2016 World Series\"\nhit a leadoff double and scored on Francisco Lindor's single. In the sixth, Lonnie Chisenhall's sacrifice fly with two on off Mike Montgomery made it 4–1 Indians. Next inning, Justin Grimm allowed a leadoff double and one-out hit-by-pitch before being relieved by Travis Wood, who gave up a three-run home run to Kipnis put to the Indians ahead 7–1. The Cubs got one run back in the eighth, on a Dexter Fowler home run off Andrew Miller, which was the first run he gave up in the post-season. With the victory, the Indians were just one win away from a", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 43 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10406800", "chunk_text": "\"2017 National League Championship Series\"\nwin their first World Series since 1908. This was the third postseason meeting between the Cubs and Dodgers. The clubs have split their two previous postseason meetings. Los Angeles swept Chicago in the 2008 NLDS (3–0) and the Cubs defeated the Dodgers in the 2016 NLCS in six games (4–2). This was just the tenth time two teams have met in at least two straight League Championship Series, which have existed since divisional play began in 1969. The Dodgers offense took a big hit before the series even began when All-Star shortstop Corey Seager was left off the NLCS roster", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 44 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18496346", "chunk_text": "\"2016 World Series\"\nMike Napoli in the bottom of the eighth, Aroldis Chapman entered to finish the game for the Cubs. The win marked the Cubs' first World Series game victory since 1945 and tied up the series at one game all. The game marked Indians manager Terry Francona's first loss in ten World Series games. For Game 3, former Cubs player Billy Williams threw the ceremonial first pitch before the start of the game, and Bill Murray sang \"\"Take Me Out to the Ball Game\"\" during the seventh-inning stretch, to mark the Cubs' first World Series night game at home. Chicago pitcher", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 45 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15745102", "chunk_text": "\"Kris Bryant\"\nIn the World Series, the Cubs came back from a 3-games-to-1 deficit and defeated the Cleveland Indians, to secure their first championship after a 108-year-long drought. During the 2016 postseason, Bryant hit for a .308 average with three home runs and eight RBIs. Bryant concluded the 2016 season by winning the National League Most Valuable Player Award (MVP) in his second year in the major leagues. He became the first player to win a Golden Spikes Award, a \"\"Baseball America\"\" Minor League Player of the Year Award, a Rookie of the Year Award, and a Most Valuable Player Award in", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 46 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "302063", "chunk_text": "\"2016 National League Championship Series\"\nwhen the Giants had a 27-year drought and the Cubs a 44-year drought. With Clayton Kershaw needed to unexpectedly close out the 2016 National League Division Series against the Washington Nationals and Rich Hill having to start that game on three days' rest, the Dodgers turned to Kenta Maeda to open this series. Opposing him was Cubs' ace Jon Lester. Chicago got to Maeda early. Dexter Fowler singled to lead off the first and scored on Kris Bryant's double. Jason Heyward tripled to lead off the second and scored on Javier Báez's double. Baez moved to third on a wild", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 47 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20907376", "chunk_text": "\"2016 World Series\"\nmaking the score 6-6. Davis's home run was the latest-occurring game-tying home run in World Series Game 7 history. The Cubs squandered a scoring chance in the top of the 9th. Jason Heyward was on first and stole second, advancing to third on a throw to second by Yan Gomes that got away from Kipnis. Javier Baez attempted a bunt with two strikes, fouling it off. Dexter Fowler would eventually ground out to end the top of the ninth. Aroldis Chapman returned to the mound for the bottom of the ninth and promptly retired the Indians in order, facing Carlos", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 48 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9728738", "chunk_text": "\"History of the Chicago Cubs\"\ngame, they disposed of the Cardinals in the NLDS in four games (3-1); however, they later lost to the New York Mets in the NLCS (Mets 4- Cubs 0). In 2016, the tide really turned in a positive direction for the Chicago Cubs. They won the NL Central Division crown with a record of 103-58 which was 17.5 games ahead of the second place Cardinals (86-76). The Cubs then defeated the San Francisco Giants in the NLDS (3-1) followed by the Los Angeles Dodgers in the NLCS (4-2) to win the NL pennant for the first time since 1945. In", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 49 } ]
test_3493	who owns the rights to rocky and bullwinkle?	n/a	[ "Universal Pictures" ]	[]	n/a	n/a	n/a	[]	[ { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5241563", "chunk_text": "\"The Adventures of Rocky and Bullwinkle and Friends\"\nduring the summer 2013 season. The underlying rights are now owned by Universal Pictures, which holds the library of predecessor companies DreamWorks Animation and Classic Media, and who in turn with copyright holder Ward Productions forms the joint venture Bullwinkle Studios, which manages the Rocky and Bullwinkle properties; Universal's purchase of Classic Media coincided with The Program Exchange's shutdown. Sponsor General Mills retained all United States television rights to the series. Two packages, each containing different episodes, are available. The syndicated version of \"\"The Bullwinkle Show\"\" contains 98 half-hour shows (#801–898). The first 78 comprise the Rocky & Bullwinkle story", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 0 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8343655", "chunk_text": "\"The Adventures of Rocky and Bullwinkle (film)\"\nThe Adventures of Rocky and Bullwinkle (film) The Adventures of Rocky and Bullwinkle is a 2000 American live action/animated adventure comedy film directed by Des McAnuff and produced by Universal Pictures, based on the television cartoon of the same name by Jay Ward. Animated characters Rocky and Bullwinkle share the screen with live actors portraying Fearless Leader (Robert De Niro, who also produces), Boris Badenov (Jason Alexander) and Natasha Fatale (Rene Russo) alongside Piper Perabo, Kenan Thompson and Kel Mitchell. Reprising her role as Rocky was June Foray, and Keith Scott voices Bullwinkle and the film's narrator. It also features", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 1 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18400675", "chunk_text": "\"The Adventures of Rocky and Bullwinkle and Friends\"\npackage shows via 16 mm \"\"Bullwinkle Show\"\" prints and Bridgestone Multimedia released eight episodes as \"\"Rocky and his Friends\"\" using an old broadcast 16 mm print. The copyright status of these 98 episodes (along with some episodes of \"\"Hoppity Hooper\"\") is disputed. As of 2017, the copyright is generally recognized as valid, and attempts to post the gray market releases on video sites have historically been greeted with DMCA takedown notices. In 2002, Jay Ward Productions established a partnership with Classic Media called Bullwinkle Studios. From 2003 to 2005, the partnership produced DVDs of the first three seasons of the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 2 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3734609", "chunk_text": "\"The Adventures of Rocky and Bullwinkle (TV series)\"\nThe Adventures of Rocky and Bullwinkle (TV series) The Adventures of Rocky and Bullwinkle is an American animated web television series produced by DreamWorks Animation Television which is a reboot of the original \"\"Rocky and Bullwinkle and Friends\"\". It debuted on May 11, 2018 on Amazon Video — being DreamWorks Animation Television's first series to air on a streaming service other than Netflix. Like its preceding spin-off \"\"The Mr. Peabody & Sherman Show\"\", animation was outsourced by DHX Media's 2D animation studio in Vancouver, Canada. In December 2018, it was announced that the series would return with new episodes in", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 3 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11254511", "chunk_text": "\"Jay Ward Productions\"\nJay Ward Productions Jay Ward Productions, or simply Ward Productions, is an American animation studio based in Los Angeles County, California. It was founded in 1948 by American animator Jay Ward, and was most notable for the \"\"Rocky and Bullwinkle\"\" franchise. The Jay Ward Productions library and rights are managed by Bullwinkle Studios, a joint venture between Jay Ward Productions and DreamWorks Animation. The company was based on the Sunset Strip in West Hollywood, across Sunset Boulevard from the Chateau Marmont Hotel. Jay Ward Productions was an independent studio from 1948 to 1959. It was part of Dancer Fitzgerald Sample", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 4 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4968996", "chunk_text": "\"Bullwinkle J. Moose\"\nBullwinkle J. Moose Bullwinkle J. Moose is a fictional character which premiered in the 1959–1964 ABC network animated television series \"\"Rocky and His Friends\"\" and \"\"The Bullwinkle Show\"\", often collectively referred to as \"\"Rocky and Bullwinkle\"\", produced by Jay Ward and Bill Scott. When the show changed networks in 1961, the series moved to NBC and was retitled \"\"The Bullwinkle Show\"\", where it stayed until 1964. It then returned to ABC, where it was in repeats for nine more years. It has been in syndication ever since. In 1996, Bullwinkle was ranked #32 on \"\"TV Guide\"\"s 50 Greatest TV Stars", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 5 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18400680", "chunk_text": "\"The Adventures of Rocky and Bullwinkle and Friends\"\nrun of the show. On October 30, 2012, Classic Media released a DVD called \"\"The Complete Fractured Fairy Tales\"\" which includes all 91 \"\"Fractured Fairy Tales\"\" segments. During the time the show was available on Hulu (it was offered as a free series before it went to a subscription-only model), the DVD version of the episodes were used instead of the syndication prints. On April 12, 2018, it was announced that a reboot of the series from DreamWorks Animation would premiere on Amazon Prime Video on May 11, 2018. The series will be executive produced by Scott Fellows and Tiffany", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 6 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20483831", "chunk_text": "\"The Adventures of Rocky and Bullwinkle and Friends\"\nGuide\"\". The idea for the series came from Jay Ward and Alex Anderson, who previously collaborated on \"\"Crusader Rabbit\"\", based upon the original property \"\"The Frostbite Falls Revue\"\". This original show never got beyond the proposal stage. It featured a group of forest animals running a television station. The group included Rocket J. Squirrel (Rocky), Oski Bear, Canadian Moose (Bullwinkle), Sylvester Fox, Blackstone Crow, and Floral Fauna. The show in this form was created by Alex Anderson. Bullwinkle's name came from the name of a car dealership in Berkeley, California, called Bullwinkel Motors. Anderson changed the spelling of the last", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 7 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18400681", "chunk_text": "\"The Adventures of Rocky and Bullwinkle and Friends\"\nWard (the daughter of Jay). The cast will include Tara Strong as Rocky, Brad Norman as Bullwinkle, Ben Diskin as Boris, Rachel Butera as Natasha, Piotr Michael as Fearless Leader, and Daran Norris as the Narrator. Louis Chunovic. \"\"The Rocky and Bullwinkle Book\"\". Bantam, 1996. The Adventures of Rocky and Bullwinkle and Friends The Adventures of Rocky and Bullwinkle and Friends is the blanket title for an American animated television series that originally aired from November 19, 1959, to June 27, 1964, on the ABC and NBC television networks. The current blanket title was imposed for home video releases over", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 8 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8343656", "chunk_text": "\"The Adventures of Rocky and Bullwinkle (film)\"\ncameo appearancess by performers including James Rebhorn, Randy Quaid, Paget Brewster, Janeane Garofalo, John Goodman, David Alan Grier, Don Novello, Jon Polito, Carl Reiner, Whoopi Goldberg, Max Grodenchik, Jonathan Winters and Billy Crystal. The film received mixed reviews from critics and was a box office bomb, grossing $35.1 million worldwide against its $76 million budget. Thirty-five years following their show's cancellation in 1964, Rocket J. \"\"Rocky\"\" Squirrel and Bullwinkle J. Moose have been living off the finances of their reruns on TV. Their home, Frostbite Falls, has been destroyed by deforestation, Rocky has lost his ability to fly and the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 9 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15508335", "chunk_text": "\"The Adventures of Rocky and Bullwinkle (film)\"\nthe film stays true to the nature of the original cartoon, the script is disappointing and not funny.\"\" Metacritic reports a 36 out of 100 score based on 30 critics, indicating \"\"generally unfavorable reviews\"\". \"\"The Adventures of Rocky and Bullwinkle\"\" was released on VHS and DVD on February 13, 2001, and on Blu-ray on May 15, 2018. The Adventures of Rocky and Bullwinkle (film) The Adventures of Rocky and Bullwinkle is a 2000 American live action/animated adventure comedy film directed by Des McAnuff and produced by Universal Pictures, based on the television cartoon of the same name by Jay Ward.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 10 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5241562", "chunk_text": "\"The Adventures of Rocky and Bullwinkle and Friends\"\nduring the 1981–1982 television season. On cable, the series had extended runs on Nickelodeon (1990–1994), Cartoon Network (1993–2002) and Boomerang (early 2000s). Since the late 2000s, The Program Exchange has typically only licensed the series for short-term runs; nationally, the series has seen limited airings on WGN America (2009), VH1 Classic (2012) and Boomerang (2013). \"\"The Rocky and Bullwinkle Show\"\" remained in syndicated reruns and was still available for local television stations through The Program Exchange as late as 2016; WBBZ-TV, for instance, aired the show in a strip to counterprogram 10 PM newscasts in the Buffalo, New York market", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 11 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17185328", "chunk_text": "\"Rocky & Bullwinkle (2014 film)\"\nher passing on July 27, 2017 (as well as her final role overall), while Tom Kenny voices Bullwinkle. It was released on October 14, 2014 on the Blu-ray 3D of \"\"Mr. Peabody and Sherman\"\" (which is also based on characters from \"\"The Rocky & Bullwinkle Show\"\"). Desperate to finally kill Rocky and Bullwinkle and have them as trophy heads for his rumpus room, Fearless Leader assigns his spies Boris Badenov and Natasha Fatale a new mission: to use a robotic female moose to seduce Bullwinkle, and inevitably destroy him (as well as Rocky in the process). Boris controls the robot's", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 12 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20483826", "chunk_text": "\"The Adventures of Rocky and Bullwinkle and Friends\"\nThe Adventures of Rocky and Bullwinkle and Friends The Adventures of Rocky and Bullwinkle and Friends is the blanket title for an American animated television series that originally aired from November 19, 1959, to June 27, 1964, on the ABC and NBC television networks. The current blanket title was imposed for home video releases over 40 years after the series originally aired and was never used when the show was televised; television airings of the show were broadcast under the titles of Rocky and His Friends from 1959 to 1961, The Bullwinkle Show from 1961 to 1964, and The Rocky", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 13 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17185327", "chunk_text": "\"Rocky & Bullwinkle (2014 film)\"\nRocky & Bullwinkle (2014 film) Rocky & Bullwinkle is a 2014 American computer-animated direct-to-video short film based on the 1960s animated television series \"\"The Rocky and Bullwinkle Show\"\", produced by DreamWorks Animation and distributed by 20th Century Fox. The short was directed by Gary Trousdale, best known for co-directing Disney's \"\"Beauty and the Beast\"\", \"\"The Hunchback of Notre Dame\"\", and \"\"\"\", while Robert Ben Garant and Thomas Lennon were the writers (They also provided the voices of Fearless Leader and the narrator for this short). June Foray reprises her role as Rocky, in her final reprisal of the role before", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 14 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12213581", "chunk_text": "\"Jay Ward\"\nfor Media, in Beverly Hills, California, in conjunction with \"\"The Jay Ward Legacy Exhibit\"\". Following Ward's death, Alexander Anderson Jr., who had created the initial conceptions of the characters Dudley Do-Right, Bullwinkle and Rocky, but had not received public recognition, learned the characters had been copyrighted in Ward's name alone. He sued Ward's heirs to reclaim credit as a creator, and in 1993 or 1996 (sources differ), Anderson received a settlement and a court order acknowledging him as \"\"the creator of the first version of the characters of Rocky, Bullwinkle, and Dudley\"\". On June 21, 2000, Ward was recognized with", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 15 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7111677", "chunk_text": "\"The Adventures of Rocky and Bullwinkle (TV series)\"\nDiskin, Rachel Butera, Piotr Michael, and Daran Norris. Alongside the series announcement, the first official trailer was released. On April 27, 2018, four clips from the series were released. The Adventures of Rocky and Bullwinkle (TV series) The Adventures of Rocky and Bullwinkle is an American animated web television series produced by DreamWorks Animation Television which is a reboot of the original \"\"Rocky and Bullwinkle and Friends\"\". It debuted on May 11, 2018 on Amazon Video — being DreamWorks Animation Television's first series to air on a streaming service other than Netflix. Like its preceding spin-off \"\"The Mr. Peabody &", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 16 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20483830", "chunk_text": "\"The Adventures of Rocky and Bullwinkle and Friends\"\nBoth films received poor reviews and were financially unsuccessful. By contrast, an animated feature film adaptation of the \"\"Peabody's Improbable History\"\" segment, \"\"Mr. Peabody & Sherman\"\", was released to positive reviews in 2014. A rebooted animated series also based on \"\"Peabody's Improbable History\"\", \"\"The Mr. Peabody & Sherman Show\"\", debuted on Netflix in October 2015. Another reboot animated series based on the main segment, \"\"The Adventures of Rocky and Bullwinkle\"\" premiered on Amazon Video on May 11, 2018. In 2013, \"\"Rocky and His Friends\"\" and \"\"The Bullwinkle Show\"\" were ranked the sixth Greatest TV Cartoon of All Time by \"\"TV", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 17 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6283731", "chunk_text": "\"Rocky the Flying Squirrel\"\nRocky the Flying Squirrel Rocket J. \"\"Rocky\"\" Squirrel is a plucky flying squirrel and one of the two protagonists of the 1959–1964 animated series \"\"Rocky and His Friends\"\" and \"\"The Bullwinkle Show\"\" (both shows often referred to collectively as \"\"The Rocky and Bullwinkle Show\"\"), produced by Jay Ward. Rocky is the best friend and ally of the western moose, Bullwinkle. Both Rocky and Bullwinkle were given the middle initial \"\"J\"\" as a reference to Ward. Jay Ward and partner Alex Anderson originally created Rocky as part of \"\"The Frostbite Falls Review\"\", a proposed pilot that wasn't developed. The character was", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 18 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20483846", "chunk_text": "\"The Adventures of Rocky and Bullwinkle and Friends\"\nthe project was canceled because of objections from the NFL. (Actual team owners were parodied and Boris was fixing the game.) Another revival attempt took place at Disney in the mid 1980s, back when they were distributing the show on VHS. Developed by Tad Stone and Michael Peraza, the revival was named \"\"The Secret Adventures of Bullwinkle\"\" and would have been a modern take on the old Bullwinkle show, with the return of characters like Mr. Peabody and Sherman and Dudley Do-Right and would have featured new segments like \"\"Fractured Scary Tales\"\", a parody of horror films, and a new", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 19 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3590052", "chunk_text": "\"Rocky the Flying Squirrel\"\nas \"\"Shortstop\"\". Rocky the Flying Squirrel Rocket J. \"\"Rocky\"\" Squirrel is a plucky flying squirrel and one of the two protagonists of the 1959–1964 animated series \"\"Rocky and His Friends\"\" and \"\"The Bullwinkle Show\"\" (both shows often referred to collectively as \"\"The Rocky and Bullwinkle Show\"\"), produced by Jay Ward. Rocky is the best friend and ally of the western moose, Bullwinkle. Both Rocky and Bullwinkle were given the middle initial \"\"J\"\" as a reference to Ward. Jay Ward and partner Alex Anderson originally created Rocky as part of \"\"The Frostbite Falls Review\"\", a proposed pilot that wasn't developed. The", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 20 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6125444", "chunk_text": "\"Alex Anderson (cartoonist)\"\nAlex Anderson (cartoonist) Alexander Hume Anderson Jr. (September 5, 1920 in Berkeley, California – October 22, 2010) was an American cartoonist who created the characters of Rocky the Flying Squirrel, Bullwinkle, and Dudley Do-Right, as well as Crusader Rabbit. He was not directly involved in \"\"The Rocky and Bullwinkle Show\"\", however. Anderson was born in Berkeley, California, a nephew of Mighty Mouse producer Paul Terry, and began his career in 1938 at his Terrytoons animation studio. Anderson and Jay Ward grew up together in Berkeley, California, and formed a business in the late 1940s to pitch cartoon ideas to television,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 21 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12213583", "chunk_text": "\"Jay Ward\"\nit closed in July 2004, the Dudley Do-Right Emporium, which sold souvenirs based on his many characters and was largely staffed by Ward and his family, was located on Sunset Boulevard. Jay Ward Drive is a studio access road at Universal Studios Hollywood. Jay Ward Jay Ward (September 20, 1920 – October 12, 1989) was an American creator and producer of animated TV cartoon shows. He produced animated series based on such characters as Crusader Rabbit, Rocky & Bullwinkle, Dudley Do-Right, Peabody and Sherman, Hoppity Hooper, George of the Jungle, Tom Slick, and Super Chicken. His company, Jay Ward Productions,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 22 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1903792", "chunk_text": "\"Mr. Peabody & Sherman\"\nMr. Peabody & Sherman Mr. Peabody & Sherman is a 2014 American 3D computer-animated science fiction comedy film based on characters from the Peabody's Improbable History segments of the animated television series \"\"The Rocky and Bullwinkle Show\"\", produced by DreamWorks Animation and distributed by 20th Century Fox. The film was directed by Rob Minkoff from a script by Craig Wright, with Alex Schwartz and Denise Nolan Cascino serving as producers and Tiffany Ward, daughter of series co-creator Jay Ward, serving as executive producer. \"\"Mr. Peabody & Sherman\"\" features the voices of Ty Burrell, Max Charles, Ariel Winter, Stephen Colbert, Leslie", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 23 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5241559", "chunk_text": "\"The Adventures of Rocky and Bullwinkle and Friends\"\nrest of the production staff, including writers and designers. However, no animators were hired. Ad executives at Dancer, Fitzgerald, & Sample, the advertising agency for General Mills, set up an animation studio in Mexico called Gamma Productions S.A. de C.V., originally known as Val-Mar Animation. This outsourcing of the animation for the series was considered financially attractive by primary sponsor General Mills, but caused endless production problems. In a 1982 interview by animation historian Jim Korkis, Bill Scott described some of the problems that arose during production of the series: We found out very quickly that we could not depend", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 24 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15508325", "chunk_text": "\"The Adventures of Rocky and Bullwinkle (film)\"\nshow's unseen Narrator now lives with his mother, spending his time narrating his own mundane life. Meanwhile, their archenemies Fearless Leader, Boris Badenov and Natasha Fatale have lost power in Pottsylvania following the end of the Cold War. However, the three escape to a real-world Hollywood film studio, where they trick executive Minnie Mogul into signing a contract giving her rights to the show, transforming the villains from their two-dimensional cel-animated forms into live-action characters. Six months later, in Washington D.C., a warm-hearted and beautiful FBI agent Karen Sympathy and her superior, Cappy von Trapment, inform President Signoff that Fearless", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 25 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10635669", "chunk_text": "\"Mr. Peabody & Sherman\"\nand Michael Corcoran (aka The Outfit), and new original songs by Jukebox the Ghost, JD McPherson, Wordsworth and Prince Paul, and Ra Ra Riot. Mr. Peabody & Sherman Mr. Peabody & Sherman is a 2014 American 3D computer-animated science fiction comedy film based on characters from the Peabody's Improbable History segments of the animated television series \"\"The Rocky and Bullwinkle Show\"\", produced by DreamWorks Animation and distributed by 20th Century Fox. The film was directed by Rob Minkoff from a script by Craig Wright, with Alex Schwartz and Denise Nolan Cascino serving as producers and Tiffany Ward, daughter of series", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 26 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20483827", "chunk_text": "\"The Adventures of Rocky and Bullwinkle and Friends\"\nand Bullwinkle Show (or The Adventures of Rocky and Bullwinkle or The Adventures of Bullwinkle and Rocky) in syndication. Produced by Jay Ward Productions, the series is structured as a variety show, with the main feature being the serialized adventures of the two title characters, the anthropomorphic flying squirrel Rocky and moose Bullwinkle. The main adversaries in most of their adventures are the two Russian-like spies Boris Badenov and Natasha Fatale, both working for the dictator Fearless Leader. Supporting segments include Dudley Do-Right of the Mounties (a parody of old-time melodrama), Peabody's Improbable History (a dog named Mr. Peabody and", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 27 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3734610", "chunk_text": "\"The Adventures of Rocky and Bullwinkle (TV series)\"\nJanuary 2019. The series sees Rocky and Bullwinkle \"\"thrust into harrowing situations but end up saving the day time and again. As Rocky and Bullwinkle’s innocent and silly ambitions to become rock stars or find lost treasure end up dovetailing with Fearless Leader’s sinister plans to take over the world, our heroes are set on a collision course with his notorious superspies Boris Badenov and Natasha Fatale.\"\" On December 10, 2017, it was reported that DreamWorks Animation Television was developing a revival of Jay Ward's \"\"The Adventures of Rocky and Bullwinkle and Friends\"\". Animation was expected to be handled by", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 28 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12909701", "chunk_text": "\"The Jim Henson Company\"\nagreement to sell Henson to a partnership between Classic Media and Sesame Workshop (with financing from Sony Pictures Entertainment), until the Henson family stepped in and bought back the company for a closing price of $84 million. In 2004, almost one year after ownership of the Henson company was returned to the family's hands, the Jim Henson Company sold the rights to \"\"The Muppets\"\" and \"\"Bear in the Big Blue House\"\" characters to the Walt Disney Company, who now control the Muppets through the wholly owned subsidiary, The Muppets Studio. Disney now owns all Muppet-related trademarks, including the word \"\"Muppet\"\"", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 29 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18400676", "chunk_text": "\"The Adventures of Rocky and Bullwinkle and Friends\"\nseries, which were renamed (for legal reasons) \"\"Rocky & Bullwinkle & Friends\"\". Releases then stalled until 2010, when season 4 was released, in part to commemorate the 50th anniversary of the series. The complete series was released on January 4, 2011, marking the debut of season 5 on DVD. A standalone release of season 5 was released on March 29, 2011. The DVDs for the first 3 seasons were distributed by Sony Wonder, while season 4, 5 and Complete Series sets are currently distributed by Vivendi Entertainment. The DVD releases differ somewhat from the originals. The original opening bumpers as", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 30 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19752867", "chunk_text": "\"Rocky & Bullwinkle (2014 film)\"\nPeabody & Sherman'. The short features the songs \"\"Bad Romance\"\" by Lady Gaga, and \"\"If You Wanna Be Happy\"\" by Jimmy Soul. Rocky & Bullwinkle (2014 film) Rocky & Bullwinkle is a 2014 American computer-animated direct-to-video short film based on the 1960s animated television series \"\"The Rocky and Bullwinkle Show\"\", produced by DreamWorks Animation and distributed by 20th Century Fox. The short was directed by Gary Trousdale, best known for co-directing Disney's \"\"Beauty and the Beast\"\", \"\"The Hunchback of Notre Dame\"\", and \"\"\"\", while Robert Ben Garant and Thomas Lennon were the writers (They also provided the voices of Fearless", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 31 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5241558", "chunk_text": "\"The Adventures of Rocky and Bullwinkle and Friends\"\nadventure script with a moose and a squirrel. I said, 'Sure.' I didn't know if I could write an adventure with a moose and a squirrel, but I never turned down a job.\"\" The series began with the pilot, \"\"Rocky the Flying Squirrel\"\". Production began in February 1958 with the hiring of voice actors June Foray, Paul Frees, Bill Scott, and William Conrad. Eight months later, General Mills signed a deal to sponsor the cartoon program, under the condition that the show be run in a late-afternoon time slot, when it could be targeted toward children. Subsequently, Ward hired the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 32 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6125445", "chunk_text": "\"Alex Anderson (cartoonist)\"\nincluding Crusader Rabbit, Rocky, Bullwinkle, and Dudley Do-Right. Only Crusader Rabbit was accepted, and after Anderson's other cartoon ideas failed to sell, he joined a San Francisco advertising agency, while Ward moved to Los Angeles to try to sell TV studios on a Bullwinkle series. Following Jay Ward's death, Anderson, who had not received public recognition for creating Dudley Do-Right, Bullwinkle and Rocky, learned the characters had been copyrighted in Ward's name alone. Consequently, Anderson sued Ward's heirs to reclaim creator credit. In 1993 or 1996, (sources differ), Anderson received a settlement and a court order acknowledging him as \"\"the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 33 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5341939", "chunk_text": "\"Alex Anderson (cartoonist)\"\nKennedy, Carolyn Kennedy, and Daniel Kennedy. Kevin Scott Collier. \"\"The Hare Raising Tales of Crusader Rabbit\"\". CreateSpace Independent Publishing Platform, 2018. Alex Anderson (cartoonist) Alexander Hume Anderson Jr. (September 5, 1920 in Berkeley, California – October 22, 2010) was an American cartoonist who created the characters of Rocky the Flying Squirrel, Bullwinkle, and Dudley Do-Right, as well as Crusader Rabbit. He was not directly involved in \"\"The Rocky and Bullwinkle Show\"\", however. Anderson was born in Berkeley, California, a nephew of Mighty Mouse producer Paul Terry, and began his career in 1938 at his Terrytoons animation studio. Anderson and Jay", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 34 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4969005", "chunk_text": "\"Bullwinkle J. Moose\"\nthe Blu-ray 3D disc of \"\"Mr. Peabody & Sherman\"\". It should also be noted that Kenny previously voiced another moose character, Scoutmaster Lumpus, on the Cartoon Network show \"\"Camp Lazlo\"\". In the Amazon Video show \"\"The Adventures of Rocky and Bullwinkle\"\", Bullwinkle is voiced by Brad Norman. Bullwinkle J. Moose Bullwinkle J. Moose is a fictional character which premiered in the 1959–1964 ABC network animated television series \"\"Rocky and His Friends\"\" and \"\"The Bullwinkle Show\"\", often collectively referred to as \"\"Rocky and Bullwinkle\"\", produced by Jay Ward and Bill Scott. When the show changed networks in 1961, the series moved", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 35 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9980050", "chunk_text": "\"Ponsonby Britt\"\nPonsonby Britt Ponsonby Britt was the credited—but fictional—executive producer of the television series \"\"The Rocky and Bullwinkle Show\"\", \"\"Fractured Flickers\"\", \"\"Hoppity Hooper\"\", and \"\"George of the Jungle\"\". In 1959, Jay Ward and Bill Scott invented the name \"\"Ponsonby Britt, Limited\"\" as the new title of their corporation. Britt eventually supposedly became an Officer of the Order of the British Empire (OBE) and was retained in the cartoon's closing credits as an in-joke. Bill Scott was quoted as saying, \"\"We had no executive producer, so we felt we should make one up.\"\" Britt even had an \"\"official\"\" biography used in press", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 36 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18537283", "chunk_text": "\"Dudley Do-Right Emporium\"\na kick-off party to commemorate \"\"The Bullwinkle Show\"\" joining NBC on September 24, 1961. Following Jay Ward's departure, the statue gradually fell into a state of disrepair and, in July 2013, was taken to DreamWorks Animation to be restored. When the restoration was completed, it was briefly displayed at the Paley Center in Beverly Hills. Since January 2015, it has been on display at the West Hollywood City Hall. It will be reinstalled at a new location, somewhere on the Sunset Strip. The rotating statue of Bullwinkle holding Rocky was made to mimic the rotating statue of a Las Vegas", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 37 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12909702", "chunk_text": "\"The Jim Henson Company\"\n(though Sesame Workshop still has permission to use the term for its \"\"Sesame Street\"\" characters through a license from Disney). In the teaser for \"\"Stuffed and Unstrung\"\", a post-Muppet Henson production, the characters of Bobby Vegan and Samson Knight made it clear that they weren't \"\"Muppets.\"\" On April 1, 2004, the company and HIT Entertainment agreed to a five-year global distribution and production deal which included distribution of 440 hours of the company's remaining family library include \"\"Fraggle Rock\"\", \"\"Emmet Otter's Jug-Band Christmas\"\", \"\"The Hoobs\"\" and \"\"Jim Henson's Mother Goose Stories\"\". After that deal expired, Henson signed on with Lionsgate", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 38 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18902562", "chunk_text": "\"Natasha Fatale\"\nwith no surname. She is apocryphally known as \"\"Natasha Nogoodnik\"\". However, she is identified in the series premiere by her proper name by the show's narrator, making \"\"Fatale\"\" her canonical and correct surname. However, either or both may be a nom de guerre. Natasha Fatale Natasha Fatale is an antagonist of the 1959–1964 animated cartoons \"\"Rocky and His Friends\"\" and \"\"The Bullwinkle Show\"\", collectively referred to as \"\"The Rocky and Bullwinkle Show\"\". She was voiced by June Foray. Natasha is a spy for the fictional country of Pottsylvania, and takes orders from the nation's leader, Fearless Leader. Natasha usually serves", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 39 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12468225", "chunk_text": "\"DreamWorks Classics\"\nthe company. Classic Media then bought the Harvey Entertainment catalog on March 11, 2001. On August 16, 2001, Classic Media and Random House won a joint bid for the assets of Golden Books, with Classic Media acquiring Golden Book's entertainment division (including the Dell Comics and Gold Key libraries) and Random House acquiring Golden Books's book publishing properties. On October 31, 2003, Classic Media purchased the assets of the bankrupt Big Idea Entertainment. By 2007, Classic had formed Bullwinkle Studios, a joint venture with Jay Ward Productions, to manage the Jay Ward characters. On April 7, 2005, the company was", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 40 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9980051", "chunk_text": "\"Ponsonby Britt\"\nreleases. Ponsonby Britt Ponsonby Britt was the credited—but fictional—executive producer of the television series \"\"The Rocky and Bullwinkle Show\"\", \"\"Fractured Flickers\"\", \"\"Hoppity Hooper\"\", and \"\"George of the Jungle\"\". In 1959, Jay Ward and Bill Scott invented the name \"\"Ponsonby Britt, Limited\"\" as the new title of their corporation. Britt eventually supposedly became an Officer of the Order of the British Empire (OBE) and was retained in the cartoon's closing credits as an in-joke. Bill Scott was quoted as saying, \"\"We had no executive producer, so we felt we should make one up.\"\" Britt even had an \"\"official\"\" biography used in", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 41 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7111676", "chunk_text": "\"The Adventures of Rocky and Bullwinkle (TV series)\"\nDHX Studios Vancouver with writing and early production duties taking place in Los Angeles. On April 12, 2018, it was announced that Amazon Video had given a series order to the production and that the show would premiere on May 11, 2018. Executive producers were reported to include Scott Fellows and Tiffany Ward, daughter of the original series producer Jay Ward. On December 15, 2018, it was reported that the series would return with the second half of season one in January 2019. Alongside the series announcement, it was confirmed that voice cast would include Tara Strong, Brad Norman, Ben", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 42 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18400664", "chunk_text": "\"The Adventures of Rocky and Bullwinkle and Friends\"\nFairy Tales\"\" (91), \"\"Peabody's Improbable History\"\" (91), and \"\"Aesop and Son\"\" (39) segments are syndicated as part of \"\"Tennessee Tuxedo and His Tales\"\", and 38 of the 39 \"\"Dudley Do-Right\"\" cartoons are syndicated as part of \"\"Dudley Do Right \"\"(sic)\"\" and Friends\"\". Syndicated versions of the shows distributed outside of the United States and Canada combine the various segments under the package title \"\"Rocky and Bullwinkle and Friends\"\"; it is this version of the show that is represented on official DVD releases through DreamWorks Classics and the official online version sold at websites such as Amazon Video. The lead characters", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 43 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18400666", "chunk_text": "\"The Adventures of Rocky and Bullwinkle and Friends\"\nCloyd, little green men from the moon who were armed with scrooch guns; Captain Peter \"\"Wrongway\"\" Peachfuzz, the captain of the S.S. \"\"Andalusia\"\"; various U.S. government bureaucrats and politicians (such as Senator Fussmussen, a recurring character who opposed admitting Alaska and Hawaii to the Union on the grounds of his own xenophobia); and the inevitable onlookers, Edgar and Chauncy. When first shown on NBC, the cartoons were introduced by a Bullwinkle puppet, voiced by Bill Scott, who would often lampoon celebrities, current events, and especially Walt Disney, whose program \"\"Wonderful World of Color\"\" was next on the schedule. Compared with", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 44 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7609648", "chunk_text": "\"DePatie–Freleng Enterprises\"\nin 2009, bringing DFE's libraries of all-original and Marvel Comics-based cartoons full circle under one roof; all of these properties are now distributed by Disney–ABC Domestic Television. (At the present time, however, the copyrights for both \"\"The Houndcats\"\" and \"\"The Barkleys\"\" appear not to have been renewed, and are therefore in the public domain.) While the television catalog has often changed hands over the years, the theatrical cartoons continue to be owned by their original distributors: United Artists (via its current corporate parent, MGM) for The Mirisch Company cartoon library and Warner Bros. for the \"\"Looney Tunes\"\"/\"\"Merrie Melodies\"\" cartoons. The", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 45 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18400660", "chunk_text": "\"The Adventures of Rocky and Bullwinkle and Friends\"\nepisodes were aired on ABC's Sunday morning schedule at 11 a.m. ET until 1973, at which time the series went into syndication. An abbreviated fifteen-minute version of the series ran in syndication in the 1960s under the title \"\"The Rocky Show\"\". This version was sometimes shown in conjunction with \"\"The King and Odie\"\", a fifteen-minute version of Total Television's \"\"King Leonardo and His Short Subjects\"\". \"\"The King and Odie\"\" was similar to \"\"Rocky and Bullwinkle\"\" in that it was sponsored by General Mills and animated by Gamma Productions. NBC later aired \"\"Bullwinkle Show\"\" reruns at 12:30 p.m. ET Saturday afternoons", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 46 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5241572", "chunk_text": "\"The Adventures of Rocky and Bullwinkle and Friends\"\n\"\"Mr Know It All\"\" skit that, among other things, had Bullwinkle programming a VCR. Before the two presented their pitch, they soon found out Disney did not have the rights to the actual series, only to the video distribution of the old Bullwinkle show, and the concept was abandoned. The program debuted on home video with two compilation CED Videodiscs released by RCA during the format's rise in the early 1980s, featuring complete, uncut story arcs and accompanying alternating segments and bumpers. Volume 1 contained the complete story for \"\"Wossamotta U\"\", while volume 2 contained \"\"Goof Gas Attack\"\" and \"\"The", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 47 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1518546", "chunk_text": "\"Natasha Fatale\"\nNatasha Fatale Natasha Fatale is an antagonist of the 1959–1964 animated cartoons \"\"Rocky and His Friends\"\" and \"\"The Bullwinkle Show\"\", collectively referred to as \"\"The Rocky and Bullwinkle Show\"\". She was voiced by June Foray. Natasha is a spy for the fictional country of Pottsylvania, and takes orders from the nation's leader, Fearless Leader. Natasha usually serves as an accomplice to fellow spy Boris Badenov. According to the Rialto Theater's Moosebill for \"\"Downhill: The Musical\"\" (a special table of contents insert created for the DVD box set \"\"Rocky and Bullwinkle & Friends, The Third Season\"\"), Natasha is supposedly the only", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 48 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16328300", "chunk_text": "\"Peter Peachfuzz\"\nrobotic female moose controlled by Boris Badenov. In the 2018 reboot \"\"The Adventures of Rocky and Bullwinkle\"\", the character has been reimagined as Director Peachfuzz, an African-American woman who is the head of a secret government organization called S.H.H. She is a major antagonist-heroine. She is also more competent and ill-tempered than the original Peachfuzz. Peter Peachfuzz Captain Peter “Wrongway” Peachfuzz was a supporting character on the animated television programs \"\"Rocky and His Friends\"\" and \"\"The Bullwinkle Show\"\", now known collectively as \"\"The Rocky and Bullwinkle Show\"\". He made his debut in \"\"Jet Fuel Formula\"\", the first Rocky & Bullwinkle", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 49 } ]
test_3494	when does brooklyn nine nine season 5 episode 12?	n/a	[ "March 18, 2018" ]	[]	n/a	n/a	n/a	[]	[ { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11768117", "chunk_text": "\"Brooklyn Nine-Nine (season 5)\"\nBrooklyn Nine-Nine (season 5) The fifth season of the television sitcom \"\"Brooklyn Nine-Nine\"\" premiered September 26, 2017 on Fox. It is the final season to air on Fox, as the series was cancelled on May 10, 2018, before NBC picked it up for a sixth season on May 11, 2018. Jake and Rosa adjust to life in jail before the Nine-Nine are able to bust Melanie Hawkins when Holt is forced to make a deal with local mobster Seamus Murphy. After their release, Jake realizes he's not ready to be back out in the field right away and Rosa breaks", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 0 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19375961", "chunk_text": "\"The Audit (Brooklyn Nine-Nine)\"\nThe Audit (Brooklyn Nine-Nine) \"\"The Audit\"\" is the thirteenth episode of the fourth season of the American television police sitcom series \"\"Brooklyn Nine-Nine\"\" and the 81st overall episode of the series. The episode was written by Carly Hallam Tosh and directed by Beth McCarthy-Miller. It aired on Fox in the United States on April 11, 2017. The show revolves around the fictitious 99th precinct of the New York Police Department in Brooklyn and the officers and detectives that work in the precinct. In the episode, the precinct undergoes an audit when the crime goes down and a precinct has to", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 1 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19375969", "chunk_text": "\"The Audit (Brooklyn Nine-Nine)\"\nto take a seemingly unnecessary mid-season break in the wintertime: The quality of banter and sheer comic velocity is extraordinarily high in 'The Audit,' and the gags are built and paid off brilliantly.\"\" The Audit (Brooklyn Nine-Nine) \"\"The Audit\"\" is the thirteenth episode of the fourth season of the American television police sitcom series \"\"Brooklyn Nine-Nine\"\" and the 81st overall episode of the series. The episode was written by Carly Hallam Tosh and directed by Beth McCarthy-Miller. It aired on Fox in the United States on April 11, 2017. The show revolves around the fictitious 99th precinct of the New", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 2 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "963278", "chunk_text": "\"Brooklyn Nine-Nine\"\nits portrayal of serious issues with a blend of humor. On May 10, 2018, Fox canceled the series after five seasons. The following day, NBC picked up the series for a sixth season of thirteen episodes; on September 7, 2018, NBC extended the season to a count of eighteen episodes. The fifth season ended on Fox on May 20, 2018, and the sixth season will begin on NBC on January 10, 2019. Set in the fictional 99th Precinct of the New York City Police Department in Brooklyn, \"\"Brooklyn Nine-Nine\"\" follows a team of detectives headed by the overly serious, newly", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 3 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19375945", "chunk_text": "\"The Fugitive (Brooklyn Nine-Nine)\"\nThe Fugitive (Brooklyn Nine-Nine) \"\"The Fugitive\"\" is the eleventh and twelfth episode of the fourth season of the American television police sitcom series \"\"Brooklyn Nine-Nine\"\". It is the 79th and 80th overall episode of the series. \"\"Part 1\"\" is written by Carol Kolb and directed by Rebecca Asher while \"\"Part 2\"\" is written by Justin Noble & Jessica Polonsky and directed by Ryan Case. It aired on Fox in the United States on January 1, 2017. The show revolves around the fictitious 99th precinct of the New York Police Department in Brooklyn and the officers and detectives that work in", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 4 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19375980", "chunk_text": "\"The Last Ride (Brooklyn Nine-Nine)\"\nThe Last Ride (Brooklyn Nine-Nine) \"\"The Last Ride\"\" is the fifteenth episode of the fourth season of the American television police sitcom series \"\"Brooklyn Nine-Nine\"\" and the 83rd overall episode of the series. The episode was written by David Phillips and directed by Linda Mendoza. It aired on Fox in the United States on April 25, 2017. The show revolves around the fictitious 99th precinct of the New York Police Department in Brooklyn and the officers and detectives that work in the precinct. In the episode, with a few hours left for the precinct's fate in balance, Jake and Boyle", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 5 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10099177", "chunk_text": "\"48 Hours (Brooklyn Nine-Nine)\"\n48 Hours (Brooklyn Nine-Nine) \"\"48 Hours\"\" is the seventh episode of the first season of the American television police sitcom series \"\"Brooklyn Nine-Nine\"\". It is the 7th overall episode of the series and is written by co-executive producer Luke Del Tredici and directed by Peter Lauer. It aired on Fox in the United States on November 5, 2013. It is the seventh episode to be broadcast but it's the third episode to be produced. The show revolves around the fictitious 99th precinct of the New York Police Department in Brooklyn and the officers and detectives that work in the precinct.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 6 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9952032", "chunk_text": "\"Christmas (Brooklyn Nine-Nine)\"\nChristmas (Brooklyn Nine-Nine) \"\"Christmas\"\" is the eleventh episode of the first season of the American television police sitcom series \"\"Brooklyn Nine-Nine\"\". It is the 11th overall episode of the series and is written by series co-creator Dan Goor and directed by Jake Szymanski. It aired on Fox in the United States on December 3, 2013. The show revolves around the fictitious 99th precinct of the New York Police Department in Brooklyn and the officers and detectives that work in the precinct. Jake Peralta (Andy Samberg) is an immature yet very talented detective in the precinct with an astounding record of", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 7 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19373282", "chunk_text": "\"Beach House (Brooklyn Nine-Nine)\"\nBeach House (Brooklyn Nine-Nine) \"\"Beach House\"\" is the twelfth episode of the second season of the American television police sitcom series \"\"Brooklyn Nine-Nine\"\". It is the 34th overall episode of the series and is written by Lakshmi Sundaram & David Phillips and directed by Tim Kirkby. It aired on Fox in the United States on January 4, 2015. The show revolves around the fictitious 99th precinct of the New York Police Department in Brooklyn and the officers and detectives that work in the precinct. Jake Peralta (Andy Samberg) is an immature yet very talented detective in the precinct with an", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 8 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19375960", "chunk_text": "\"The Fugitive (Brooklyn Nine-Nine)\"\nsuggests that the series would have done better by reshaping them as standalone episodes.\"\" The Fugitive (Brooklyn Nine-Nine) \"\"The Fugitive\"\" is the eleventh and twelfth episode of the fourth season of the American television police sitcom series \"\"Brooklyn Nine-Nine\"\". It is the 79th and 80th overall episode of the series. \"\"Part 1\"\" is written by Carol Kolb and directed by Rebecca Asher while \"\"Part 2\"\" is written by Justin Noble & Jessica Polonsky and directed by Ryan Case. It aired on Fox in the United States on January 1, 2017. The show revolves around the fictitious 99th precinct of the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 9 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19375970", "chunk_text": "\"Serve & Protect\"\nServe & Protect \"\"Serve & Protect\"\" is the fourteenth episode of the fourth season of the American television police sitcom series \"\"Brooklyn Nine-Nine\"\" and the 82nd overall episode of the series. The episode was written by Andrew Guest & Alexis Wilkinson and directed by co-creator Michael Schur. It aired on Fox in the United States on April 18, 2017. The show revolves around the fictitious 99th precinct of the New York Police Department in Brooklyn and the officers and detectives that work in the precinct. In the episode, Jake and Rosa investigate the case where a laptop was stolen on", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 10 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "580881", "chunk_text": "\"Moo Moo (Brooklyn Nine-Nine)\"\nMoo Moo (Brooklyn Nine-Nine) \"\"Moo Moo\"\" is the sixteenth episode of the fourth season of the American television police sitcom series \"\"Brooklyn Nine-Nine\"\" and the 84th overall episode of the series. The episode was written by Phil Augusta Jackson and directed by Maggie Carey. It aired on Fox in the United States on May 2, 2017. The show revolves around the fictitious 99th precinct of the New York Police Department in Brooklyn and the officers and detectives that work in the precinct. In the episode, Terry experiences racial profiling when an officer nearly arrests him for wandering near his house", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 11 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "580644", "chunk_text": "\"Yippie Kayak\"\nYippie Kayak \"\"Yippie Kayak\"\" is the tenth episode of the third season of the American television police sitcom series \"\"Brooklyn Nine-Nine\"\". It is the 55th overall episode of the series and is written by Lakshmi Sundaram and directed by Rebecca Asher. It aired on Fox in the United States on December 13, 2015. The show revolves around the fictitious 99th precinct of the New York Police Department in Brooklyn and the officers and detectives that work in the precinct. In the episode, Jake, Boyle and Gina head to a store to buy late Christmas gifts. However, the store turns out", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 12 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19373293", "chunk_text": "\"Beach House (Brooklyn Nine-Nine)\"\n\"\"Brooklyn Nine-Nine\"\" wasn't on break that long, but it's great to have it back; similarly, 'Beach House' isn’t a plot-pushing episode, but it's great to see so much attention placed on the characters. After all, they're what we tune in for week in and week out.\"\" Beach House (Brooklyn Nine-Nine) \"\"Beach House\"\" is the twelfth episode of the second season of the American television police sitcom series \"\"Brooklyn Nine-Nine\"\". It is the 34th overall episode of the series and is written by Lakshmi Sundaram & David Phillips and directed by Tim Kirkby. It aired on Fox in the United States", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 13 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "86253", "chunk_text": "\"Chicago P.D. (season 5)\"\nChicago P.D. (season 5) The fifth season of \"\"Chicago P.D.\"\", an American police drama television series with executive producer Dick Wolf, and producers Derek Haas, Michael Brandt, and Rick Eid, premiered on September 27, 2017 and concluded on May 9, 2018. The season contained 22 episodes This season featured its 100th episode. <onlyinclude></onlyinclude> On May 25, 2017, it was announced that Sophia Bush would be departing the series, while Jon Seda is set to return after the cancellation of \"\"Chicago Justice\"\". After recurring last season as Detective Hailey Upton, Tracy Spiridakos has been promoted to a series regular for this", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 14 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9952041", "chunk_text": "\"Christmas (Brooklyn Nine-Nine)\"\nto rely on the supporting cast. Where 'Thanksgiving' excelled by placing the entire cast together in one room, 'Christmas' fails by separating the detectives of the nine-nine into three separate arcs.\"\" Christmas (Brooklyn Nine-Nine) \"\"Christmas\"\" is the eleventh episode of the first season of the American television police sitcom series \"\"Brooklyn Nine-Nine\"\". It is the 11th overall episode of the series and is written by series co-creator Dan Goor and directed by Jake Szymanski. It aired on Fox in the United States on December 3, 2013. The show revolves around the fictitious 99th precinct of the New York Police Department", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 15 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "580604", "chunk_text": "\"Halloween III (Brooklyn Nine-Nine)\"\nHalloween III (Brooklyn Nine-Nine) \"\"Halloween III\"\" is the fifth episode of the third season of the American television police sitcom series \"\"Brooklyn Nine-Nine\"\". It is the 50th overall episode of the series and is written by David Phillips and directed by Michael McDonald. It aired on Fox in the United States on October 25, 2015. The show revolves around the fictitious 99th precinct of the New York Police Department in Brooklyn and the officers and detectives that work in the precinct. In the episode, the third installment of Captain Holt and Jake's Halloween heist, tied at one win apiece, enters", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 16 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19375979", "chunk_text": "\"Serve & Protect\"\nworth all the build-up.)\"\" Serve & Protect \"\"Serve & Protect\"\" is the fourteenth episode of the fourth season of the American television police sitcom series \"\"Brooklyn Nine-Nine\"\" and the 82nd overall episode of the series. The episode was written by Andrew Guest & Alexis Wilkinson and directed by co-creator Michael Schur. It aired on Fox in the United States on April 18, 2017. The show revolves around the fictitious 99th precinct of the New York Police Department in Brooklyn and the officers and detectives that work in the precinct. In the episode, Jake and Rosa investigate the case where a", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 17 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "580825", "chunk_text": "\"The Overmining\"\nThe Overmining \"\"The Overmining\"\" is the ninth episode of the fourth season of the American television police sitcom series \"\"Brooklyn Nine-Nine\"\". It is the 77th overall episodes of the series and is written by Luke Del Tredici and directed by Dean Holland. It aired on Fox in the United States on December 6, 2016. The show revolves around the fictitious 99th precinct of the New York Police Department in Brooklyn and the officers and detectives that work in the precinct. In the episode, Jake and Holt help C.J. in retrieving evidence he lost, in an attempt to get the precinct", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 18 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "580666", "chunk_text": "\"9 Days (Brooklyn Nine-Nine)\"\n9 Days (Brooklyn Nine-Nine) \"\"9 Days\"\" is the twelfth episode of the third season of the American television police sitcom series \"\"Brooklyn Nine-Nine\"\". It is the 57th overall episode of the series and is written by Justin Noble and directed by Dean Holland. It aired on Fox in the United States on January 19, 2016. The show revolves around the fictitious 99th precinct of the New York Police Department in Brooklyn and the officers and detectives that work in the precinct. In the episode, Jake and Holt are exposed to mumps while working on a case and are forced to", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 19 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5775762", "chunk_text": "\"Pontiac Bandit\"\ncharacter whose sole purpose is to torment Peralta with his flirtatious bromantic ways and elusiveness.\"\" Pontiac Bandit \"\"Pontiac Bandit\"\" is the twelfth episode of the first season of the American television police sitcom series \"\"Brooklyn Nine-Nine\"\". It is the 12th overall episode of the series and is written by series Norm Hiscock & Lakshmi Sundaram and directed by Craig Zisk. It aired on Fox in the United States on January 7, 2014. It is the thirteenth episode to be produced but the twelfth to be broadcast. The show revolves around the fictitious 99th precinct of the New York Police Department", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 20 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13085317", "chunk_text": "\"Pontiac Bandit\"\nPontiac Bandit \"\"Pontiac Bandit\"\" is the twelfth episode of the first season of the American television police sitcom series \"\"Brooklyn Nine-Nine\"\". It is the 12th overall episode of the series and is written by series Norm Hiscock & Lakshmi Sundaram and directed by Craig Zisk. It aired on Fox in the United States on January 7, 2014. It is the thirteenth episode to be produced but the twelfth to be broadcast. The show revolves around the fictitious 99th precinct of the New York Police Department in Brooklyn and the officers and detectives that work in the precinct. Jake Peralta (Andy", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 21 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11768093", "chunk_text": "\"Brooklyn Nine-Nine (season 4)\"\nBrooklyn Nine-Nine (season 4) The fourth season of the television sitcom \"\"Brooklyn Nine-Nine\"\" premiered September 20, 2016 on Fox and ended May 23, 2017 with 22 episodes. Jake and Holt are placed in Florida as part of the witness protection program until the 9-9 helps them take down Figgis. The squad is subsequently punished by being placed on the night shift, but are put back on the day shift when Captain C.J. Stently is transferred from active duty for his incompetence. Charles and Genevieve adopt a son, Nikolaj. Adrian returns and resumes his romance with Rosa, but they call off", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 22 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5044098", "chunk_text": "\"The Bet (Brooklyn Nine-Nine)\"\nThe Bet (Brooklyn Nine-Nine) \"\"The Bet\"\" is the thirteenth episode of the first season of the American television police sitcom series \"\"Brooklyn Nine-Nine\"\". It is the 13th overall episode of the series and is written by co-executive producer Laura McCreary and directed by Julian Farino. It aired on Fox in the United States on January 14, 2014. It is the twelfth episode to be produced but the thirteenth to be broadcast. The show revolves around the fictitious 99th precinct of the New York Police Department in Brooklyn and the officers and detectives that work in the precinct. Jake Peralta (Andy", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 23 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5950216", "chunk_text": "\"Quite a Ride\"\nQuite a Ride \"\"Quite a Ride\"\" is the fifth episode of the fourth season of the AMC television series \"\"Better Call Saul\"\", the spinoff series of \"\"Breaking Bad\"\". The episode aired on September 3, 2018 on AMC in the United States. The episode opens forward of the show's present time, sometime between the events of the \"\"Breaking Bad\"\" episodes \"\"Ozymandias\"\" and \"\"Granite State\"\"; Saul Goodman frantically collects money and other prized possessions from his office while Francesca shreds incriminating paperwork. As he says his goodbyes, Saul gives Francesca a lawyer's business card and says if she needs legal help she", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 24 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6455015", "chunk_text": "\"Fancy Brudgom\"\nFancy Brudgom \"\"Fancy Brudgom\"\" is the twentieth episode of the first season of the American television police sitcom series \"\"Brooklyn Nine-Nine\"\". It is the 20th overall episode of the series and is written by co-executive producer Laura McCreary and directed by Victor Nelli, Jr.. It aired on Fox in the United States on March 11, 2014. The show revolves around the fictitious 99th precinct of the New York Police Department in Brooklyn and the officers and detectives that work in the precinct. Jake Peralta (Andy Samberg) is an immature yet very talented detective in the precinct with an astounding record", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 25 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19375911", "chunk_text": "\"Mr. Santiago\"\nMr. Santiago \"\"Mr. Santiago\"\" is the seventh episode of the fourth season of the American television police sitcom series \"\"Brooklyn Nine-Nine\"\". It is the 75th overall episodes of the series and is written by Neil Campbell and directed by Alex Reid. It aired on Fox in the United States on November 22, 2016. The show revolves around the fictitious 99th precinct of the New York Police Department in Brooklyn and the officers and detectives that work in the precinct. In the episode, Jake intends to bond with Amy's dad on the Thanksgiving dinner. They then decide to work on an", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 26 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19373294", "chunk_text": "\"Payback (Brooklyn Nine-Nine)\"\nPayback (Brooklyn Nine-Nine) \"\"Payback\"\" is the thirteenth episode of the second season of the American television police sitcom series \"\"Brooklyn Nine-Nine\"\". It is the 35th overall episode of the series and is written by Norm Hiscock & Brigitte Munoz-Liebowitz and directed by Victor Nelli Jr.. It aired on Fox in the United States on January 11, 2015. The show revolves around the fictitious 99th precinct of the New York Police Department in Brooklyn and the officers and detectives that work in the precinct. In the episode, Terry asks Jake to pay back for money he owes him and Jake finds", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 27 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3497552", "chunk_text": "\"It's Always Sunny in Philadelphia (season 12)\"\nIt's Always Sunny in Philadelphia (season 12) The twelfth season of the American comedy television series \"\"It's Always Sunny in Philadelphia\"\" premiered on FXX on January 4, 2017. The season consists of 10 episodes and concluded on March 8, 2017. The series was renewed for an eleventh and twelfth season on April 4, 2014, each to consist of 10 episodes. In December 2016, Glenn Howerton revealed the season premiere would be a musical episode. <onlyinclude></onlyinclude> The twelfth season received positive reviews. On Rotten Tomatoes, it has an approval rating of 93% with an average score of 8.76 out of 10", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 28 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17999428", "chunk_text": "\"Paranoia (Brooklyn Nine-Nine)\"\nParanoia (Brooklyn Nine-Nine) \"\"Paranoia\"\" is the twentieth episode of the third season of the American television police sitcom series \"\"Brooklyn Nine-Nine\"\". It is the 65th overall episode of the series and is written by Gabe Liedman and directed by Payman Benz. It aired on Fox in the United States on March 29, 2016. The show revolves around the fictitious 99th precinct of the New York Police Department in Brooklyn and the officers and detectives that work in the precinct. In the episode, Rosa and Adrian announce that they will marry in a week and they respectively have their bachelor/bachelorette parties.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 29 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16699997", "chunk_text": "\"Piñata (Better Call Saul)\"\nPiñata (Better Call Saul) \"\"Piñata\"\" is the sixth episode of the fourth season of the AMC television series \"\"Better Call Saul\"\", the spinoff series of \"\"Breaking Bad\"\". The episode aired on September 10, 2018 on AMC in the United States. In a flashback taking place in early 1993, about ten years before the show's present, Jimmy continues his mail room duties at HHM while collecting ballots for an office pool predicting the outcomes of the 65th Academy Awards. He talks with Kim, who is working in the mail room while finishing her final year of law school, when Howard announces", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 30 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19375998", "chunk_text": "Cop-Con\nCop-Con \"\"Cop-Con\"\" is the seventeenth episode of the fourth season of the American television police sitcom series \"\"Brooklyn Nine-Nine\"\" and the 85th overall episode of the series. The episode was written by Andy Gosche and directed by Giovani Lampassi. It aired on Fox in the United States on May 9, 2017, back-to-back with the next episode \"\"Chasing Amy\"\". The show revolves around the fictitious 99th precinct of the New York Police Department in Brooklyn and the officers and detectives that work in the precinct. In the episode, the precinct travels to Rochester, New York for a convention about cops, where", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 31 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "580781", "chunk_text": "\"Halloween IV (Brooklyn Nine-Nine)\"\nHalloween IV (Brooklyn Nine-Nine) \"\"Halloween IV\"\" is the fifth episode of the fourth season of the American television police sitcom series \"\"Brooklyn Nine-Nine\"\". It is the 73rd overall episodes of the series and is written by Phil Augusta Jackson and directed by Claire Scanlon. It aired on Fox in the United States on October 18, 2016. The show revolves around the fictitious 99th precinct of the New York Police Department in Brooklyn and the officers and detectives that work in the precinct. In the episode, it's the fourth annual Halloween Heist in the 99th precinct and Jake, Holt and Amy", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 32 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19373307", "chunk_text": "\"Payback (Brooklyn Nine-Nine)\"\nthreads — which lends it an air of belonging. 'Payback' is a solid bit of connective tissue. It's the easy story writing that ends up taking it down a couple of pegs.\"\" Payback (Brooklyn Nine-Nine) \"\"Payback\"\" is the thirteenth episode of the second season of the American television police sitcom series \"\"Brooklyn Nine-Nine\"\". It is the 35th overall episode of the series and is written by Norm Hiscock & Brigitte Munoz-Liebowitz and directed by Victor Nelli Jr.. It aired on Fox in the United States on January 11, 2015. The show revolves around the fictitious 99th precinct of the New", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 33 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19754221", "chunk_text": "Five-Twenty-Ten\nFive-Twenty-Ten \"\"Five-Twenty-Ten\"\" is the seventh episode of the fifth season of the American Fox science-fiction/drama television series \"\"Fringe\"\", and the show's 94th episode overall. The episode premiered in the United States on November 16, 2012. It was written by Graham Roland and directed by Eagle Egilsson. Peter (Joshua Jackson), recently having injected one of the Observers' devices in his own body, comes to understand the precognitive abilities that the devices give their owners, but he experiences side-effects, like insomnia. He works with Anil (Shaun Smyth) of the human resistance to try to replace one of their briefcases with an identical", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 34 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6381483", "chunk_text": "\"The Vulture (Brooklyn Nine-Nine)\"\n\"\"Brooklyn Nine-Nine\"\" in its short run so far.\"\" The Vulture (Brooklyn Nine-Nine) \"\"The Vulture\"\" is the fifth episode of the first season of the American television police sitcom series \"\"Brooklyn Nine-Nine\"\". It is the 5th overall episode of the series and is written by co-executive producer Laura McCreary and directed by Jason Ensler. It aired on Fox in the United States on October 15, 2013. It is the fifth episode to be broadcast but it's the fourth episode to be produced. The show revolves around the fictitious 99th precinct of the New York Police Department in Brooklyn and the officers", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 35 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "580790", "chunk_text": "\"Monster in the Closet (Brooklyn Nine-Nine)\"\nMonster in the Closet (Brooklyn Nine-Nine) \"\"Monster in the Closet\"\" is the sixth episode of the fourth season of the American television police sitcom series \"\"Brooklyn Nine-Nine\"\". It is the 74th overall episodes of the series and is written by Andrew Guest and directed by Nisha Ganatra. It aired on Fox in the United States on November 15, 2016. The show revolves around the fictitious 99th precinct of the New York Police Department in Brooklyn and the officers and detectives that work in the precinct. In the episode, Adrian returns from protection and he and Rosa decide to get married", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 36 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "580652", "chunk_text": "\"Yippie Kayak\"\nmaking great use of its ensemble and bringing them all together.\"\" Yippie Kayak \"\"Yippie Kayak\"\" is the tenth episode of the third season of the American television police sitcom series \"\"Brooklyn Nine-Nine\"\". It is the 55th overall episode of the series and is written by Lakshmi Sundaram and directed by Rebecca Asher. It aired on Fox in the United States on December 13, 2015. The show revolves around the fictitious 99th precinct of the New York Police Department in Brooklyn and the officers and detectives that work in the precinct. In the episode, Jake, Boyle and Gina head to a", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 37 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19376006", "chunk_text": "Cop-Con\nthe Boyle clan, are incredibly strange.\"\" Cop-Con \"\"Cop-Con\"\" is the seventeenth episode of the fourth season of the American television police sitcom series \"\"Brooklyn Nine-Nine\"\" and the 85th overall episode of the series. The episode was written by Andy Gosche and directed by Giovani Lampassi. It aired on Fox in the United States on May 9, 2017, back-to-back with the next episode \"\"Chasing Amy\"\". The show revolves around the fictitious 99th precinct of the New York Police Department in Brooklyn and the officers and detectives that work in the precinct. In the episode, the precinct travels to Rochester, New York", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 38 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5214764", "chunk_text": "\"Grey's Anatomy (season 12)\"\nGrey's Anatomy (season 12) The twelfth season of the American television medical drama \"\"Grey's Anatomy\"\" was ordered on May 7, 2015, by ABC. It premiered on September 24, 2015, in the United States on ABC. The twelfth season includes the show's 250th episode, Guess Who's Coming to Dinner, which is the fifth episode in the season. The season is produced by ABC Studios, in association with Shondaland Production Company and The Mark Gordon Company; the showrunners being Stacy McKee and William Harper. The season commenced airing with the episode \"\"Sledgehammer\"\" and concluded with \"\"Family Affair\"\". This season was the first", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 39 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5950224", "chunk_text": "\"Quite a Ride\"\na Ride\"\" was watched by 1.53 million viewers on its first broadcast, earning a 0.4 ratings for viewers between 18 and 49. Quite a Ride \"\"Quite a Ride\"\" is the fifth episode of the fourth season of the AMC television series \"\"Better Call Saul\"\", the spinoff series of \"\"Breaking Bad\"\". The episode aired on September 3, 2018 on AMC in the United States. The episode opens forward of the show's present time, sometime between the events of the \"\"Breaking Bad\"\" episodes \"\"Ozymandias\"\" and \"\"Granite State\"\"; Saul Goodman frantically collects money and other prized possessions from his office while Francesca shreds", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 40 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12825167", "chunk_text": "\"The Shiny Trinket Maneuver\"\nThe Shiny Trinket Maneuver \"\"The Shiny Trinket Maneuver\"\" is the 12th episode of the fifth season of the US sitcom \"\"The Big Bang Theory\"\" and the 99th episode of the show overall. It first aired on CBS on January 12, 2012. In the episode, Amy gets upset with Sheldon after he does not appreciate her good news, and Howard reconsiders his relationship with Bernadette after he finds out she does not like children. On a date, Amy tells Sheldon that her paper will be published in \"\"Neuron\"\", a prestigious scientific journal; Sheldon does not acknowledge her good news, distracted by", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 41 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "580833", "chunk_text": "\"The Overmining\"\nlike the firmest (and clearest) structure for 'The Overmining' is bypassed in favor of a standard sitcom blueprint.\"\" The Overmining \"\"The Overmining\"\" is the ninth episode of the fourth season of the American television police sitcom series \"\"Brooklyn Nine-Nine\"\". It is the 77th overall episodes of the series and is written by Luke Del Tredici and directed by Dean Holland. It aired on Fox in the United States on December 6, 2016. The show revolves around the fictitious 99th precinct of the New York Police Department in Brooklyn and the officers and detectives that work in the precinct. In the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 42 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6422951", "chunk_text": "\"The Bet (Brooklyn Nine-Nine)\"\nthe larger ensemble as Terry’s wife Sharon.\"\" The Bet (Brooklyn Nine-Nine) \"\"The Bet\"\" is the thirteenth episode of the first season of the American television police sitcom series \"\"Brooklyn Nine-Nine\"\". It is the 13th overall episode of the series and is written by co-executive producer Laura McCreary and directed by Julian Farino. It aired on Fox in the United States on January 14, 2014. It is the twelfth episode to be produced but the thirteenth to be broadcast. The show revolves around the fictitious 99th precinct of the New York Police Department in Brooklyn and the officers and detectives that", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 43 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13077787", "chunk_text": "\"Thanksgiving (Brooklyn Nine-Nine)\"\nThanksgiving (Brooklyn Nine-Nine) \"\"Thanksgiving\"\" is the tenth episode of the first season of the American television police sitcom series \"\"Brooklyn Nine-Nine\"\". It is the 10th overall episode of the series and is written by co-executive producer Luke Del Tredici and directed by Jorma Taccone. It aired on Fox in the United States on November 26, 2013. The show revolves around the fictitious 99th precinct of the New York Police Department in Brooklyn and the officers and detectives that work in the precinct. Jake Peralta (Andy Samberg) is an immature yet very talented detective in the precinct with an astounding record", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 44 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "580653", "chunk_text": "\"Hostage Situation (Brooklyn Nine-Nine)\"\nHostage Situation (Brooklyn Nine-Nine) \"\"Hostage Situation\"\" is the eleventh episode of the third season of the American television police sitcom series \"\"Brooklyn Nine-Nine\"\". It is the 56th overall episode of the series and is written by Phil Augusta Jackson and directed by Max Winkler. It aired on Fox in the United States on January 5, 2016. The show revolves around the fictitious 99th precinct of the New York Police Department in Brooklyn and the officers and detectives that work in the precinct. In the episode, Boyle and Genevieve decide to have children using Boyle's frozen sperm. However, Boyle's ex-wife, Eleanor,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 45 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13772763", "chunk_text": "\"Stephanie Beatriz\"\nAs of 2018 she voices the character Gina on season 5 of \"\"BoJack Horseman\"\". In July 2016, Beatriz revealed via Twitter that she is bisexual. She has described herself as suffering from disordered eating. In October 2017, Beatriz announced her engagement to Brad Hoss. Beatriz and Hoss married on 6 October 2018. Stephanie Beatriz Stephanie Beatriz Bischoff Alvizuri (born 10 February 1981) is an Argentine-born American actress best known for playing Detective Rosa Diaz in the Fox/NBC comedy series \"\"Brooklyn Nine-Nine\"\" and Jessica in the independent drama \"\"Short Term 12\"\" (2013). Stephanie Beatriz Bischoff Alvizuri was born in Neuquén, Neuquén", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 46 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14908826", "chunk_text": "\"Manhattan Vigil\"\nthe return of psychiatrist (B. D. Wong), who has been called to testify for the defense. Manhattan Vigil \"\"Manhattan Vigil\"\" is the fifth episode of the of the American police procedural \"\"\"\", and the 300th overall. It first aired on October 24, 2012, on the NBC network in the United States. The episode's plot focuses on the kidnapping of a young boy from the subway in Morningside Heights. Captain Donald Cragen (Dann Florek), Sergeant John Munch (Richard Belzer) and Detective Olivia Benson (Mariska Hargitay) realise the case echoes a similar kidnapping in the same neighborhood 13 years prior. As the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 47 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "580682", "chunk_text": "\"Karen Peralta\"\nKaren Peralta \"\"Karen Peralta\"\" is the fourteenth episode of the third season of the American television police sitcom series \"\"Brooklyn Nine-Nine\"\". It is the 59th overall episode of the series and is written by Alison Agosti & Gabe Liedman and directed by Bruce McCulloch. It aired on Fox in the United States on February 2, 2016. The show revolves around the fictitious 99th precinct of the New York Police Department in Brooklyn and the officers and detectives that work in the precinct. In the episode, Jake and Amy visit Jake's mother, Karen, for his birthday. However, they find that she", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 48 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19375997", "chunk_text": "\"Moo Moo (Brooklyn Nine-Nine)\"\ninvesting in its cast pays off with astronomic results, even if there aren't many belly laughs included in those results. Maybe the idea of reduced funny stuff in \"\"Brooklyn Nine-Nine\"\" is anathema to you.\"\" Moo Moo (Brooklyn Nine-Nine) \"\"Moo Moo\"\" is the sixteenth episode of the fourth season of the American television police sitcom series \"\"Brooklyn Nine-Nine\"\" and the 84th overall episode of the series. The episode was written by Phil Augusta Jackson and directed by Maggie Carey. It aired on Fox in the United States on May 2, 2017. The show revolves around the fictitious 99th precinct of the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 49 } ]
test_3495	who was the leader of the zulu in south africa who led the fight against the british?	n/a	[ "Cetshwayo", "Cetshwayo kaMpande" ]	[]	n/a	n/a	n/a	[]	[ { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2922261", "chunk_text": "\"Cetshwayo kaMpande\"\nCetshwayo kaMpande Cetshwayo kaMpande (; ; c. 1826 – 8 February 1884) was the king of the Zulu Kingdom from 1873 to 1879 and its leader during the Anglo-Zulu War of 1879. His name has been transliterated as Cetawayo, Cetewayo, Cetywajo and Ketchwayo. He famously led the Zulu nation to victory against the British in the Battle of Isandlwana. Cetshwayo was a son of Zulu king Mpande and Queen Ngqumbazi, half-nephew of Zulu king Shaka and grandson of Senzangakhona kaJama. In 1856 he defeated and killed in battle his younger brother Mbuyazi, Mpande's favourite, at the Battle of Ndondakusuka. Almost", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 0 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6136818", "chunk_text": "\"Dabulamanzi kaMpande\"\nDabulamanzi kaMpande Dabulamanzi kaMpande (1839 – September 22, 1886) was a Zulu commander in the Anglo-Zulu War, most noted for commanding the Zulus at the Battle of Rorke's Drift. He was a half-brother of the Zulu king Cetshwayo kaMpande. After the defeat of the Zulus, and the deposition of Cetshwayo, Dabulamanzi campaigned for the return of his brother to power. When Cetshwayo was restored in 1883 Dabulamanzi fought on his behalf to maintain the unity of the Zulu kingdom. His father was Mpande, the previous Zulu King, which made him a half-nephew of the famous and legendary Shaka. His mother", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 1 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1859617", "chunk_text": "\"Anglo-Zulu War\"\nAnglo-Zulu War The Anglo-Zulu War was fought in 1879 between the British Empire and the Zulu Kingdom. Following Lord Carnarvon's successful introduction of federation in Canada, it was thought that similar political effort, coupled with military campaigns, might succeed with the African kingdoms, tribal areas and Boer republics in South Africa. In 1874, Sir Henry Bartle Frere was sent to South Africa as High Commissioner for the British Empire to bring such plans into being. Among the obstacles were the presence of the independent states of the South African Republic and the Kingdom of Zululand and its army. Frere, on", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 2 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8710872", "chunk_text": "\"Zulu Kingdom\"\nZulu Kingdom The Kingdom of Zulu (), sometimes referred to as the Zulu Empire or the Kingdom of Zululand, was a monarchy in Southern Africa that extended along the coast of the Indian Ocean from the Tugela River in the south to Pongola River in the north. The kingdom grew to dominate much of what is today KwaZulu-Natal and Southern Africa. In 1879, the British Empire invaded, beginning the Anglo-Zulu War. After an initial Zulu victory at the Battle of Isandlwana in January, the British Army would regroup and eventually defeated the Zulus in July in the Battle of Ulundi.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 3 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1859649", "chunk_text": "\"Anglo-Zulu War\"\ndefend their country only if attacked and not to carry the war beyond its borders. He directed them to avoid killing any of the invaders other than the regular British soldiers in their red coats. The pretext for the war had its origins in border disputes between the Zulu leader, Cetshwayo, and the Boers in the Transvaal region. Following a commission inquiry on the border dispute which reported in favour of the Zulu nation in July 1878, Sir Henry Bartle Frere, acting on his own, added an ultimatum to the commission meeting, much to the surprise of the Zulu representatives", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 4 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4633044", "chunk_text": "\"Dabulamanzi kaMpande\"\nBoer mercenaries. Dabulamanzi was defeated by Zibhebhu in battle at Msebe and oNdini. After Cetshwayo's death he supported the king's son Dinuzulu, negotiating an alliance with Boer mercenaries in 1884. The exorbitant demands for land by the mercenaries led to further conflicts. In 1886, he was shot dead during a scuffle with a group of Boers. Dabulamanzi kaMpande Dabulamanzi kaMpande (1839 – September 22, 1886) was a Zulu commander in the Anglo-Zulu War, most noted for commanding the Zulus at the Battle of Rorke's Drift. He was a half-brother of the Zulu king Cetshwayo kaMpande. After the defeat of the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 5 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6757334", "chunk_text": "\"Zulu people\"\nof 1878, envoys of the British crown delivered an ultimatum to 11 chiefs representing the then-current king of the Zulu empire, Cetshwayo. Under the British terms delivered to the Zulu, Cetshwayo would have been required to disband his army and accept British sovereignty. Cetshwayo refused, and war between the Zulus and African contingents of the British crown began on January 12th, 1879. Despite an early victory for the Zulus at the Battle of Isandlwana on the 22nd of January, the British fought back and won the Battle at Rorke's Drift, and definitively defeated the Zulu army by July at the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 6 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5972875", "chunk_text": "\"Battle of Isandlwana\"\nBattle of Isandlwana The Battle of Isandlwana (alternative spelling: Isandhlwana) on 22 January 1879 was the first major encounter in the Anglo–Zulu War between the British Empire and the Zulu Kingdom. Eleven days after the British commenced their invasion of Zululand in South Africa, a Zulu force of some 20,000 warriors attacked a portion of the British main column consisting of about 1,800 British, colonial and native troops and perhaps 400 civilians. The Zulus were equipped mainly with the traditional assegai iron spears and cow-hide shields, but also had a number of muskets and old rifles. The British and colonial", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 7 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18072728", "chunk_text": "\"John Chard\"\nJohn Chard Colonel John Rouse Merriott Chard (21 December 1847 – 1 November 1897) was a British Army officer who received the Victoria Cross, the highest military decoration for valour \"\"in the face of the enemy\"\" that can be awarded to members of the British armed forces. He earned the decoration for his role in the defence of Rorke's Drift in January 1879 where he commanded a small British garrison of 139 soldiers that successfully repulsed an assault by some 3,000 to 4,000 Zulu warriors. The battle was recreated in the film \"\"Zulu\"\" in which Chard was portrayed by Stanley", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 8 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10694408", "chunk_text": "\"Frederic Thesiger, 2nd Baron Chelmsford\"\nFrederic Thesiger, 2nd Baron Chelmsford Frederic Augustus Thesiger, 2nd Baron Chelmsford, (31 May 18279 April 1905) was a British imperial general who came to prominence during the Anglo-Zulu War, when an expeditionary force under his command suffered one of the severest defeats in battle by native tribesmen in the history of the British Empire at the Battle of Isandlwana in 1879. He went on to defeat the Zulu Kingdom at the subsequent Battle of Ulundi. Frederic Augustus Thesiger was born 31 May 1827, the eldest child of Frederic Thesiger, a lawyer who later became Lord Chancellor and was created Baron", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 9 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3002580", "chunk_text": "\"Battle of Isandlwana\"\nfrom the auxiliaries. The following order of battle was arrayed on the day. Commanding Officer: Brevet Colonel Anthony Durnford, RE Commanding Officer: Brevet Lieutenant-Colonel Henry Pulleine, 1st/24th Foot uDududu, uNokenke regiments, part uNodwengu corps – 3,000 to 4,000 men umCijo, uKhandampevu, uThulwana regiments; part uNodwengu corps – 7,000 to 9,000 men inGobamakhosi, uMbonambi, uVe regiments – 5,000 to 6,000 men Undi corps, uDloko regiment – 4,000 to 5,000 men The primary reason for the Zulu victory is that the Zulus, unlike the British, kept their main fighting force concentrated. Further, they made a very successful effort to conceal the advance", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 10 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8710891", "chunk_text": "\"Zulu Kingdom\"\nstill fulfils many important ceremonial duties. Zulu Kingdom The Kingdom of Zulu (), sometimes referred to as the Zulu Empire or the Kingdom of Zululand, was a monarchy in Southern Africa that extended along the coast of the Indian Ocean from the Tugela River in the south to Pongola River in the north. The kingdom grew to dominate much of what is today KwaZulu-Natal and Southern Africa. In 1879, the British Empire invaded, beginning the Anglo-Zulu War. After an initial Zulu victory at the Battle of Isandlwana in January, the British Army would regroup and eventually defeated the Zulus in", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 11 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16488894", "chunk_text": "\"Dinuzulu's Volunteers\"\nUtrecht and Vryheid being called into Dinuzulu's Volunteers in return for land. They fought several battles against the Zulu chief Zibhebhu until their eventual victory on 5th June 1884, at the Battle of Ghost Mountain. Zibhebhu, however, escaped, by climbing up the mountain with a white trader. Dinuzulu's Volunteers Dinuzulu's Volunteers (1884) were a militant group of farmers that fought for Dinuzulu kaCetshwayo, the king of the Zulu nation, led by Louis Botha. After the Anglo-Zulu War, Britain divided Zululand up into 13 'chiefdoms', governed over by compliant chiefs. This did not last for long, however, and eventually the rightful", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 12 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1171280", "chunk_text": "\"Zulu (1964 film)\"\nBritish Colony. The attack was led by Prince Dabulamanzi kaMpande, the King's half-brother, who pursued fleeing survivors at Isandlwana across the river and then moved on to attack Rorke's Drift. Although almost 20,000 rounds of ammunition were fired by the defenders, just under 400 Zulus were killed at Rorke's Drift. A similar number were left behind when the Zulus retreated, being too badly wounded to move. Comments from veterans many years after the event suggest the British killed many of these wounded men in the battle's aftermath, raising the total number of Zulu deaths to over 700. The ending of", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 13 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1925368", "chunk_text": "\"Zulu (1964 film)\"\nLondon. In 2017 a poll of 150 actors, directors, writers, producers and critics for \"\"Time Out\"\" magazine ranked it the 93rd best British film ever. In 1879, a communiqué from Lord Chelmsford to the Secretary of State for War in London (voice-over narration by Richard Burton) details the crushing defeat of a British force at the hands of the Zulus at the Battle of Isandlwana. In the aftermath of the battle, the victorious Zulus walk amongst the scattered bodies of dead British soldiers and gather their rifles. At a mass Zulu marriage ceremony witnessed by missionary Otto Witt (Jack Hawkins)", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 14 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16488893", "chunk_text": "\"Dinuzulu's Volunteers\"\nDinuzulu's Volunteers Dinuzulu's Volunteers (1884) were a militant group of farmers that fought for Dinuzulu kaCetshwayo, the king of the Zulu nation, led by Louis Botha. After the Anglo-Zulu War, Britain divided Zululand up into 13 'chiefdoms', governed over by compliant chiefs. This did not last for long, however, and eventually the rightful heir Dinuzulu, son of the former king Cetshwayo kaMpande was reinstated. However, one chief, Zibhebhu kaMaphitha (also known as Usibepu), was left alone and allowed to keep his land. Dinuzulu appealed to the British against this decision, but received no response, which led to the Boers from", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 15 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13666079", "chunk_text": "\"Zulu Dawn\"\nmasse\"\", sustaining horrific casualties, but succeed in breaking the British lines. As British troops break and flee towards the camp, the battle breaks down into hand-to-hand fighting between British soldiers and Zulu warriors, amongst the débris of tents, fallen soldiers and supply wagons. Overwhelmed by the sheer number of Zulu warriors, British soldiers and their Afrikaner allies are slaughtered in the camp, some being cut down as they attempt to flee towards Natal. During the last minutes of the battle, the camp's commander, Colonel Pulleine, entrusts the Queen's Colours of the 2nd battalion, 24th Regiment of Foot to two junior", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 16 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6548153", "chunk_text": "\"Battle of Blood River\"\nBattle of Blood River The Battle of Blood River (; ) is the name given for the battle fought between 470 Voortrekkers (\"\"Pioneers\"\"), led by Andries Pretorius, and an estimated \"\"10 000 to 15 000\"\" Zulu on the bank of the Ncome River on 16 December 1838, in what is today KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa. Casualties amounted to over 3,000 of king Dingane's soldiers dead, including two Zulu princes competing with Prince Mpande for the Zulu throne. Three Pioneer commando members were lightly wounded, including Pretorius himself. \"\"The year 1838 was the most difficult period for the Voortrekkers since they left", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 17 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16291476", "chunk_text": "\"Zulu Dawn\"\nact of the film revolves around the administrators and officials of Cape Colony, notably the supremely arrogant Lord Chelmsford and the scheming Sir Henry Bartle Frere, who both wish to crush the neighbouring Zulu Empire, which is perceived as a threat to Cape Colony's emerging industrial economy. Bartle Frere issues an impossible ultimatum to the Zulu king, Cetshwayo, demanding that he dissolve the Zulu Empire. Cetshwayo refuses, providing Cape Colony with a pretext to invade Zululand. Despite objections from leading members of Cape Colony's high society and from Great Britain itself, Bartle Frere authorises Lord Chelmsford to lead a British", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 18 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2255865", "chunk_text": "\"Battle of Isandlwana\"\nBritish Empire was vulnerable and that the defeat of a British field army could alter policy. If the Zulu victory at Isandlwana encouraged resistance elsewhere in the Empire, then committing the resources necessary to defeat the Zulus would, in the long term, prove cheaper than fighting wars that the Zulu success inspired against British Imperialism elsewhere. After Isandlwana, the British field army was heavily reinforced and again invaded Zululand. Sir Garnet Wolseley was sent to take command and relieve Chelmsford, as well as Bartle Frere. Chelmsford, however, avoided handing over command to Wolseley and managed to defeat the Zulus in", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 19 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1925367", "chunk_text": "\"Zulu (1964 film)\"\nJohn Prebble and Endfield, based on an article by Prebble, a historical writer. The film stars Stanley Baker and introduces Michael Caine, in his first major role, with a supporting cast that includes Jack Hawkins, Ulla Jacobsson, James Booth, Nigel Green, Paul Daneman, Glynn Edwards, Ivor Emmanuel and Patrick Magee. Future South African political leader Mangosuthu Buthelezi played Zulu King Cetshwayo kaMpande, his great grandfather. The opening and closing narration is spoken by Richard Burton. The film was first shown on the 85th anniversary of the actual battle, 22 January 1964 at the Plaza Theatre in the West End of", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 20 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1925369", "chunk_text": "\"Zulu (1964 film)\"\nand his daughter (Ulla Jacobsson), Zulu King Cetewayo (Chief Mangosuthu Buthelezi) is also informed of the great victory. A company of the British Army's 24th Regiment of Foot is using the missionary station of Rorke's Drift in Natal as a supply depot and hospital for their invasion force across the border in Zululand. Receiving news of Isandhlwana from the Natal Native Contingent Commander Adendorff, who warns that an army of 4,000 Zulu warriors is advancing to the British position, Lieutenant John Chard (Stanley Baker) of the Royal Engineers assumes command of the small British detachment. Lieutenant Gonville Bromhead (Michael Caine),", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 21 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4616797", "chunk_text": "\"Military history of South Africa\"\nmotivation of the Voortrekkers, only three Voortrekkers were wounded and none perished; that contrasted against the more than 3,000 Zulu warriors who died. The Voortrekkers credited God as the reason why they had won the battle as they had made a covenant asking for protection beforehand. The Anglo-Zulu War was fought in 1879 between Britain and the Zulus, and signalled the end of the Zulus as an independent nation. It was precipitated by Sir Bartle Frere High Commissioner for Southern Africa who manufactured a casus belli and prepared an invasion without the approval of Her Majesty's government. At the Battle", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 22 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18858541", "chunk_text": "\"Battle of Rorke's Drift\"\nBattle of Rorke's Drift The Battle of Rorke's Drift, also known as the Defence of Rorke's Drift, was a battle in the Anglo-Zulu War. The defence of the mission station of Rorke's Drift, under the command of Lieutenants John Chard of the Royal Engineers and Gonville Bromhead, immediately followed the British Army's defeat at the Battle of Isandlwana on 22 January 1879, and continued into the following day. Just over 150 British and colonial troops successfully defended the garrison against an intense assault by 3,000 to 4,000 Zulu warriors. The massive but piecemeal Zulu attacks on Rorke's Drift came very", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 23 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20268316", "chunk_text": "\"South Africa\"\nThis intensified British efforts to gain control over the indigenous peoples. The struggle to control these important economic resources was a factor in relations between Europeans and the indigenous population and also between the Boers and the British. The Anglo-Zulu War was fought in 1879 between the British Empire and the Zulu Kingdom. Following Lord Carnarvon's successful introduction of federation in Canada, it was thought that similar political effort, coupled with military campaigns, might succeed with the African kingdoms, tribal areas and Boer republics in South Africa. In 1874, Sir Henry Bartle Frere was sent to South Africa as High", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 24 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18072639", "chunk_text": "\"Gonville Bromhead\"\nGonville Bromhead Major Gonville Bromhead VC (29 August 1845 – 9 February 1891) was a British Army officer and recipient of the Victoria Cross, the highest award for gallantry in the face of the enemy that can be awarded to members of the British armed forces. He received the medal for his part in the defence of Rorke's Drift in January 1879 where a small British garrison of 139 soldiers successfully repulsed an assault by some 4,000 Zulu warriors. Bromhead was portrayed by Michael Caine in the film \"\"Zulu\"\", which depicted the battle. Born into a notable military family, Bromhead", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 25 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6757335", "chunk_text": "\"Zulu people\"\nBattle of Ulundi. After Cetshwayo's capture a month following his defeat, the British divided the Zulu Empire into 13 \"\"kinglets\"\". The sub-kingdoms fought amongst each other until 1883 when Cetshwayo was reinstated as king over Zululand. This still did not stop the fighting and the Zulu monarch was forced to flee his realm by Zibhebhu, one of the 13 kinglets, supported by Boer mercenaries. Cetshwayo died in February 1884, killed by Zibhebhu's regime, leaving his son, the 15-year-old Dinuzulu, to inherit the throne. In-fighting between the Zulu continued for years, until Zululand was absorbed fully into the British colony of", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 26 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8710883", "chunk_text": "\"Zulu Kingdom\"\n1878, with the intent of instigating a war with the Zulu, Sir Henry Bartle Frere, on his own initiative and without the approval of the British government, presented an ultimatum to the Zulu king Cetshwayo in terms with which he could not possibly comply. British forces crossed the Tugela river at the end of December 1878. Initially, the British suffered a heavy defeat at the Battle of Isandlwana on 22 January 1879 where the Zulu army killed more than 1,000 British soldiers in a single day. The Zulu deployment at Isandhlwana showed the well-organized tactical system that had made the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 27 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1859618", "chunk_text": "\"Anglo-Zulu War\"\nhis own initiative, without the approval of the British government and with the intent of instigating a war with the Zulu, had presented an ultimatum on 11 December 1878, to the Zulu king Cetshwayo with which the Zulu king could not comply, including disbanding his army and abandoning key cultural traditions. Bartle Frere then sent Lord Chelmsford to invade Zululand after this ultimatum was not met. The war is notable for several particularly bloody battles, including an opening victory of the Zulu at the Battle of Isandlwana, followed by the defeat of a large Zulu army at Rorke's Drift by", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 28 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "171106", "chunk_text": "\"Anglo-Zulu War\"\nnear Isandlwana; on the morning of that day Lord Chelmsford split his forces and moved out to support a reconnoitering party, leaving the camp in charge of Colonel Pulleine. The British were outmanoeuvred by the main Zulu army nearly 20,000 strong led by Ntshingwayo kaMahole Khoza. Chelmsford was lured eastward with much of his centre column by a Zulu diversionary force while the main Impi attacked his camp. Chelmsford's decision not to set up the British camp defensively, contrary to established doctrine, and ignoring information that the Zulus were close at hand were decisions that the British were soon to", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 29 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14207681", "chunk_text": "Shaka\nhe fought, disastrously, against the Voortrekkers, and against another half-brother Mpande, who, with Boer and British support, took over the Zulu leadership in 1840, ruling for some 30 years. At the Battle of Isandlwana in 1879, the Zulus would become one of the few African peoples to inflict a defeat on the British Army. Some older histories have doubted the military and social innovations customarily attributed to Shaka, denying them outright, or attributing them variously to European influences. More modern researchers argue that such explanations fall short, and that the general Zulu culture, which included other tribes and clans, contained", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 30 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1859667", "chunk_text": "\"Anglo-Zulu War\"\nNkandla forest. After appeals to Melmoth Osborn he moved to Eshowe, where he died soon after. Two film dramatisations of the war are: \"\"Monty Python's The Meaning of Life\"\" (1983) also features the war in a comedic sketch in which men in tiger suits steal a British soldier's leg. Anglo-Zulu War The Anglo-Zulu War was fought in 1879 between the British Empire and the Zulu Kingdom. Following Lord Carnarvon's successful introduction of federation in Canada, it was thought that similar political effort, coupled with military campaigns, might succeed with the African kingdoms, tribal areas and Boer republics in South Africa.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 31 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16736558", "chunk_text": "\"Nongalaza KaNondela\"\nAt the Battle of Ndondakusuka Mbuyazi was defeated, and Cetshwayo massacred almost all his followers, including five of his brothers. Nongalaza barely escaped by diving into the Tugela River and swimming to safety. Nongalaza KaNondela Nongalaza KaNondela (c.1805 - after 1856) was a Zulu warrior who was the principal military commander of King Mpande of the Zulu kingdom. When Mpande was chieftain of the Nyandwini clan, Nongalaza commanded his forces against the invasion by Robert Biggar and rebel Zulus, successfully destroying them at the Tugela River in 1838. In 1840, Mpande allied with the Boers and moved against his brother", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 32 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19780417", "chunk_text": "\"Ndwandwe–Zulu War\"\nNdwandwe–Zulu War The Zulu Civil War or Ndwandwe–Zulu War of 1817–1819 was a war fought between the expanding Zulu Kingdom and the Ndwandwe tribe in South Africa. The Zulus were originally a close-knit ethnic group community that had migrated to the eastern plateau of present-day South Africa; they became a strong tribal nation largely due to the efforts of an ambitious chieftain named Shaka (c. 1787–1828, reigned 1816–1828). A rebellious young man, Shaka was estranged from his father, who was a Zulu chief named Senzangakhona, and became a warrior with the Mthethwa people. The Mthethwa paramount chieftain Dingiswayo helped Shaka", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 33 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16052862", "chunk_text": "\"Zulu (1964 film)\"\nZulu (1964 film) Zulu is a 1964 British epic war film depicting the Battle of Rorke's Drift between the British Army and the Zulus in January 1879, during the Anglo-Zulu War. It depicts 150 British soldiers, many of whom were sick and wounded patients in a field hospital, who successfully held off a force of 4,000 Zulu warriors. The film is notable for showing the Zulu army as disciplined and governed by strategy. The film was directed by American screenwriter Cy Endfield and produced by Stanley Baker and Endfield, with Joseph E. Levine as executive producer. The screenplay is by", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 34 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18909711", "chunk_text": "\"Nongalaza KaNondela\"\nNongalaza KaNondela Nongalaza KaNondela (c.1805 - after 1856) was a Zulu warrior who was the principal military commander of King Mpande of the Zulu kingdom. When Mpande was chieftain of the Nyandwini clan, Nongalaza commanded his forces against the invasion by Robert Biggar and rebel Zulus, successfully destroying them at the Tugela River in 1838. In 1840, Mpande allied with the Boers and moved against his brother Dingane in a bid for the Zulu throne. Nongalaza led Mpande's main army, while Mpande took a separate route towards Dingane with a force of Boers under Andries Pretorius. Nongalaza encountered Dingane's army", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 35 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16952038", "chunk_text": "\"Marthinus Jacobus Oosthuizen\"\nthe ranks of an estimated 1,500 Zulus, fetched gunpowder and bullets from one of the wagons, and then returned the same way right through the army of the surprised Zulus. He eventually settled on a farm in Natal where he died in 1897. Marthinus Jacobus Oosthuizen Marthinus Jacobus Oosthuizen (October 14, 1818 – April 2, 1897) was a Voortrekker farmer known for his heroism in battle. He was born near Uitenhage and joined the \"\"Groot Trek\"\" (Great Trek). He became famous for his heroism during a battle on 16 February 1838 shortly after the murder of Piet Retief and his", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 36 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5078650", "chunk_text": "\"Battle of Blood River\"\nToday two complexes mark the battle site: the Ncome Monument and Museum Complex east of the Ncome River, and the Blood River Monument and Museum Complex to the west. South Africa's ex-president, Jacob Zuma, attended the official inauguration of the Ndlela monument in Eshowe, Kwazulu-Natal; Ndlela is remembered for saving prince Mpande from Dingane's elimination plans. Battle of Blood River The Battle of Blood River (; ) is the name given for the battle fought between 470 Voortrekkers (\"\"Pioneers\"\"), led by Andries Pretorius, and an estimated \"\"10 000 to 15 000\"\" Zulu on the bank of the Ncome River on", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 37 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8710884", "chunk_text": "\"Zulu Kingdom\"\nZulu kingdom successful for many decades. This constituted the worst defeat the British army had ever suffered at the hands of a native African fighting force. The defeat prompted a redirection of the war effort, and the British, though outnumbered, began winning victories, culminating in the Siege of Ulundi, the Zulus' capital city, and the subsequent defeat of the Zulu Kingdom. Cetshwayo was captured a month after his defeat, and then exiled to Cape Town. The British passed rule of the Zulu kingdom onto 13 \"\"kinglets\"\", each with his own subkingdom. Conflict soon erupted between these subkingdoms, and in 1882,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 38 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "171103", "chunk_text": "\"Anglo-Zulu War\"\nwho then relayed it to Cetshwayo. Cetshwayo had not responded by the end of the year, so an extension was granted by Bartle Frere until 11 January 1879. Cetshwayo returned no answer to the demands of Bartle Frere, and in January 1879 a British force under Lieutenant General Frederick Augustus Thesiger, 2nd Baron Chelmsford invaded Zululand, without authorization by the British Government. Lord Chelmsford, the Commander-in-Chief of British forces during the war, initially planned a five-pronged invasion of Zululand composed of over 15,000 troops in five columns and designed to encircle the Zulu army and force it to fight as", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 39 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20079373", "chunk_text": "\"Anthony Durnford\"\nAnthony Durnford Lieutenant-Colonel Anthony William Durnford (24 June 1830 – 22 January 1879) was an Irish career British Army officer of the Royal Engineers who served in the Anglo-Zulu War. Breveted colonel, Durnford is mainly known for his heroic presence at the defeat of the British Army by the Zulus at the Battle of Isandlwana. Durnford was born into a military family at Manorhamilton, County Leitrim, Ireland, on 24 May 1830. His father was General Edward William Durnford, also of the Royal Engineers. His younger brother, Edward, also served in the British military, as a lieutenant-colonel in the Royal Marine", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 40 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10403869", "chunk_text": "\"Military history of South Africa\"\nof Isandlwana (22 January 1879), the Zulu overwhelmed and wiped out 1,400 British soldiers. This battle is considered to be one of the greatest disasters in British colonial history. Isandlwana forced the policy makers in London to rally to the support of the pro-war contingent in the Natal government and commit whatever resources were needed to defeat the Zulu. The first invasion of Zululand ended with the catastrophe of Isandlwana where, along with heavy casualties, the main centre column lost all supplies, transport and ammunition and the British would be forced to halt their advances elsewhere while a new invasion", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 41 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20079385", "chunk_text": "\"Anthony Durnford\"\ndecision not to fortify the camp (which was in direct violation of his own standing pre-campaign orders). In the 1979 film \"\"Zulu Dawn\"\", which depicted the battle of Isandlwana, Durnford was portrayed by Burt Lancaster. Anthony Durnford Lieutenant-Colonel Anthony William Durnford (24 June 1830 – 22 January 1879) was an Irish career British Army officer of the Royal Engineers who served in the Anglo-Zulu War. Breveted colonel, Durnford is mainly known for his heroic presence at the defeat of the British Army by the Zulus at the Battle of Isandlwana. Durnford was born into a military family at Manorhamilton, County", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 42 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9547234", "chunk_text": "\"Caroline Mary Luard\"\nand had retired with the rank of Major-General in the Royal Engineers. He had done so despite an incident during his career that might have ruined his chances of promotion. This related to the defeat of British forces by the Zulu at the Battle of Isandhlwana in 1879, a reversal that was largely blamed on Colonel Anthony Durnford. However, it was rumoured that Durnford’s orders had been stolen from his body after the battle, in order to absolve Lieutenant-General Frederic Thesiger, 2nd Baron Chelmsford and other senior officers of incompetence. The fight to re-establish Durnford's reputation was led by his", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 43 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3989349", "chunk_text": "\"Benjamin Disraeli\"\na British encampment in South Africa in the Battle of Isandlwana. Over a thousand British and colonial troops were killed. Word of the defeat did not reach London until 12 February. Disraeli wrote the next day, \"\"the terrible disaster has shaken me to the centre\"\". He reprimanded Frere, but left him in charge, attracting fire from all sides. Disraeli sent General Sir Garnet Wolseley as High Commissioner and Commander in Chief. Before Wolseley could arrive, Frere rushed to the Zulu capital, crushing Cetewayo at the Battle of Ulundi on 4 July 1879. On 8 September 1879, Sir Louis Cavagnari, in", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 44 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "645070", "chunk_text": "\"Battle of Isandlwana\"\nunder his direct command. He moved his troops from Pietermaritzburg to a forward camp at Helpmekaar, past Greytown. On 9 January 1879 they moved to Rorke's Drift, and early on 11 January commenced crossing the Buffalo River into Zululand. The backbone of the British force under Lord Chelmsford consisted of twelve regular infantry companies: six each of the 1st and 2nd battalions, 24th Regiment of Foot (2nd Warwickshire Regiment), which were hardened and reliable troops. In addition, there were approximately 2,500 local African auxiliaries of the Natal Native Contingent many of which were exiled or refugee Zulu. They were led", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 45 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13022453", "chunk_text": "\"Battle of Gingindlovu\"\nBattle of Gingindlovu The Battle of Gingindlovu (uMgungundlovu) was fought on 2 April 1879 between a British relief column sent to break the Siege of Eshowe and a Zulu impi of King Cetshwayo. Charles Pearson had led the No. 1 Column of the British invasion force across the Tugela River with the intention of creating an advanced base at Eshowe. This they did, but found themselves besieged in the hastily constructed base, at a deserted Norwegian mission station. A relief column was organised, and under the leadership of Lord Chelmsford it departed Fort Tenedos on 29 March to march to", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 46 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16052900", "chunk_text": "\"Zulu (1964 film)\"\nBibliography Zulu (1964 film) Zulu is a 1964 British epic war film depicting the Battle of Rorke's Drift between the British Army and the Zulus in January 1879, during the Anglo-Zulu War. It depicts 150 British soldiers, many of whom were sick and wounded patients in a field hospital, who successfully held off a force of 4,000 Zulu warriors. The film is notable for showing the Zulu army as disciplined and governed by strategy. The film was directed by American screenwriter Cy Endfield and produced by Stanley Baker and Endfield, with Joseph E. Levine as executive producer. The screenplay is", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 47 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4633043", "chunk_text": "\"Dabulamanzi kaMpande\"\narmy. At the Battle of Gingindlovu, the Zulus were defeated. Dabulamanzi became the focal figure of anti-British sentiment in the aftermath of the war, and was a vocal opponent of Theophilus Shepstone and John Robert Dunn, Cetshwayo's former adviser who sided with the British and acquired large landholdings after the British victory. Dabulamanzi was keen to ensure his brother's return to power in Zululand. Conflicts between rival factions prompted the British to reestablish Cetshwayo as king in an attempt to restore order, but the conflicts continued. Dabulamanzi led the fight against Cetshwayo's principal enemy Zibhebhu kaMaphitha, who was supported by", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 48 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18706307", "chunk_text": "\"Sarel Cilliers\"\nwho arrived in the Cape of Good Hope in 1700. Other variations of the name include: Celliers, Cilliers, Cillié and Sellier. G.B.A. Gerdener wrote a biography of Sarel Cilliers in 1919, which includes details of various events in his life and a reconstruction of the Vow. Sarel Cilliers Charl (Sarel) Arnoldus Cilliers (7 September 1801 – 4 October 1871) was a Voortrekker leader and a preacher. With Andries Pretorius, he led the Boers to a huge victory over the Zulus at the Battle of Blood River in 1838. In particular, Cilliers lead the Voortrekkers in a vow which promised that", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 49 } ]
test_3496	where does blonde hair green eyes come from?	n/a	[ "a low concentration in pigmentation" ]	[]	n/a	n/a	n/a	[]	[ { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8542132", "chunk_text": "Green\ngreen pigment in green eyes; like the color of blue eyes, it is an optical illusion; its appearance is caused by the combination of an amber or light brown pigmentation of the stroma, given by a low or moderate concentration of melanin, with the blue tone imparted by the Rayleigh scattering of the reflected light. Green eyes are most common in Northern and Central Europe. They can also be found in Southern Europe, West Asia, Central Asia, and South Asia. In Iceland, 89% of women and 87% of men have either blue or green eye color. A study of Icelandic", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 0 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1296524", "chunk_text": "Blond\ndarker than that of the average modern European. While light pigmentation traits had already existed in pre-Indo-European Europeans (both farmers and hunter-gatherers), long-standing philological attempts to correlate them with the arrival of Indo-Europeans from the steppes were misguided. According to genetic studies, Yamnaya Proto-Indo-European migration to Europe led to Corded Ware culture, where Yamnaya Proto-Indo-Europeans mixed with \"\"Scandinavian hunter-gatherer\"\" women who carried genetic alleles HERC2/OCA2, which causes a combination of blue eyes and blond hair. Proto-Indo-Iranians who split from Corded Ware culture formed the Andronovo culture and are believed to have spread genetic alleles HERC2/OCA2 that cause blond hair to", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 1 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1296507", "chunk_text": "Blond\nBlond Blond or fair hair is a hair color characterized by low levels of the dark pigment eumelanin. The resultant visible hue depends on various factors, but always has some yellowish color. The color can be from the very pale blond (caused by a patchy, scarce distribution of pigment) to reddish \"\"strawberry\"\" blond or golden-brownish (\"\"sandy\"\") blond colors (the latter with more eumelanin). Because hair color tends to darken with age, natural blond hair is generally very rare in adulthood. Naturally-occurring blond hair is primarily found in populations of northern European descent and is believed to have evolved to enable", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 2 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4227442", "chunk_text": "Blond\nice or snow on the ground, and this reflects the solar radiation onto the skin, making this environment lack the conditions for the person to have blond, brown or red hair, light skin and blue, grey or green eyes. An alternative hypothesis was presented by Canadian anthropologist Peter Frost, who claims blond hair evolved very quickly in a specific area at the end of the last ice age by means of sexual selection. According to Frost, the appearance of blond hair and blue eyes in some northern European women made them stand out from their rivals, and more sexually appealing", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 3 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4227447", "chunk_text": "Blond\nmost common in Scandinavia and the Baltic Sea countries, where true blondism is believed to have originated. The pigmentation of both hair and eyes is lightest around the Baltic Sea, and darkness increases regularly and almost concentrically around this region. In France, according to a source published 1939, blondism is more common in Normandy, and less common in the Pyrenees and the Mediterranean seacoast; 26% of French population has blond or light brown hair. A 2007 study of French females showed that by then roughly 20% were blonde, although half of these blondes were fully fake. Roughly ten percent of", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 4 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4227467", "chunk_text": "Blond\nspecial purity. During the medieval period, Spanish ladies preferred to dye their hair black, yet by the time of the Renaissance in the 16th century the fashion (imported from Italy) was to dye their hair blond or red. In the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, blond hair, blue eyes, a tall stature, a long head, and an angled nose were deemed by scientific racists as hallmarks of the so-called \"\"master race\"\". In the nineteenth century, this race was usually referred to as the \"\"Germanic race\"\", but after the turn of the twentieth century, it came to be more commonly", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 5 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1029274", "chunk_text": "\"Eye color\"\nlow or moderate concentration of melanin) with: 2) a blue shade created by the Rayleigh scattering of reflected light. Green eyes contain the yellowish pigment lipochrome. Green eyes probably result from the interaction of multiple variants within the \"\"OCA2\"\" and other genes. They were present in south Siberia during the Bronze Age. They are most common in Northern, Western and Central Europe. In Ireland and Scotland 14% of people have brown eyes and 86% have either blue or green eyes, In Iceland, 89% of women and 87% of men have either blue or green eye color. A study of Icelandic", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 6 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1296523", "chunk_text": "Blond\nOceania. Blond hair can be found in any region of Asia, including West Asia, East Asia, Central Asia, and South Asia. In these parts of Asia, blond hair is generally seen among children and usually turns into a shade of dark brown in adulthood. Environmental factors, such as sun exposure and nutrition status, often contribute to changes in hair color in Asia. Genetic research published in 2014, 2015 and 2016 found that Yamnaya Proto-Indo-Europeans, who migrated to Europe in the early Bronze Age were overwhelmingly dark-eyed (brown) and dark-haired, and had a skin colour that was moderately light, though somewhat", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 7 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4227432", "chunk_text": "Blond\nmore efficient synthesis of vitamin D, due to northern Europe's lower levels of sunlight. Blond hair has also developed in other populations, although it is usually not as common, and can be found among natives of the Solomon Islands, Vanuatu, and Fiji, among the Berbers of North Africa, and among some Asians. In human culture, blond hair has long been associated with female beauty. Aphrodite, the Greek goddess of love and beauty, was reputed to have blond hair. In ancient Greece and Rome, blond hair was frequently associated with prostitutes, who dyed their hair using saffron dyes in order to", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 8 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4227440", "chunk_text": "Blond\nhair is very frequent. The hair color gene MC1R has at least seven variants in Europe, giving the continent a wide range of hair and eye shades. Based on a genetic research carried out at three Japanese universities, the date of the genetic mutation that resulted in blond hair in Europe has been isolated to about 11,000 years ago during the last ice age. A typical explanation found in the scientific literature for the evolution of light hair is related to the evolution of light skin, and in turn the requirement for vitamin D synthesis and northern Europe's seasonal less", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 9 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4227443", "chunk_text": "Blond\nto men, at a time of fierce competition for scarce males. The derived allele of KITLG associated with blond hair in modern Europeans is present in several individuals of the Ancient North Eurasian (ANE) lineage, and is recorded in Mesolithic Eastern Europe as associated with the Eastern European Hunter-Gatherer (EHG) lineage derived from ANE. The earliest known individual with the derived allele is the ANE Afontova Gora 3 individual, dated to 14,700 years ago. Ancient DNA of ANE or \"\"steppe\"\" ancestry is found in Mesolithic Northern Europe. A 2014 study reported seven Mesolithzic hunter-gatherers found at Motala, southern Sweden, dated", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 10 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4227444", "chunk_text": "Blond\nto 7,700 years ago, as the earliest known individuals in whom the modern Scandinavian phenotype, combining light skin, blue eyes and blond hair, was combined. These individuals had light skin gene alleles in SLC24A5 and SLC45A2, and HERC2/OCA2 alleles associated with blue eyes (also contributes to lighter skin and blond hair). Light pigmentation traits had thus already existed in pre-Indo-European Europeans, since at least the later Mesolithic. Later individuals with Yamnaya ancestry, by contrast, were predominantly dark-eyed (brown), dark-haired and had a skin colour that was moderately light, though somewhat darker than that of the average modern European. It is", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 11 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4227445", "chunk_text": "Blond\npossible that blond hair evolved more than once. A 2012 study published in \"\"Science\"\" reported a distinct genetic origin of blond hair in people from the Solomon Islands in Melanesia, associated with an amino acid change in TYRP1 produced blond hair. Blond hair is most common in light-skinned infants and children, so much so that the term \"\"baby blond\"\" is often used for very light colored hair. Babies may be born with blond hair even among groups where adults rarely have blond hair, although such natural hair usually falls out quickly. Blond hair tends to turn darker with age, and", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 12 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4786757", "chunk_text": "\"Disappearing blonde gene\"\nby the WHO to retract. In 2002 BBC News reported that unnamed German experts had concluded that the natural distribution of blond hair would cease within the span of 200 years owing to the genes associated with blond hair being recessive. The article reported the scientists had said that there is a reportedly low number of people carrying the recessive blond allele, especially in nations of mixed heritage (for example, the United States, Canada, Argentina, Brazil, New Zealand and Australia). The dominant alleles (brown hair, black hair, brown eyes) \"\"overthrow\"\" the recessive genes or metaphorically, endanger them. Subsequently the study", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 13 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4227434", "chunk_text": "Blond\nculture, blonde women are often negatively stereotyped as sexually attractive, but unintelligent. The word \"\"blond\"\" is first documented in English in 1481 and derives from Old French \"\"blund, blont\"\", meaning \"\"a colour midway between golden and light chestnut\"\". It gradually eclipsed the native term \"\"fair\"\", of same meaning, from Old English \"\"fæġer\"\", causing \"\"fair\"\" later to become a general term for \"\"light complexioned\"\". This earlier use of \"\"fair\"\" survives in the proper name Fairfax, from Old English \"\"fæġer-feahs\"\" meaning \"\"blond hair\"\". The word \"\"blond\"\" has two possible origins. Some linguists say it comes from Medieval Latin \"\"blundus\"\", meaning \"\"yellow\"\", from", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 14 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1296537", "chunk_text": "Blond\nthe beautiful Princess Emily in his tale, stating, \"\"yclothed was she fressh, for to devyse:/Hir yellow heer was broided in a tresse/Behinde hir bak, a yerde long, I gesse\"\" (lines 1048-1050). Because of blond hair's relative commonness in northern Europe, especially among children, folk tales from these regions tend to feature large numbers of blond protagonists. Although these stories may not have been seen by their original tellers as idealizing blond hair, when they are read in cultures outside of northern Europe where blond hair \"\"has rarity value\"\", they may seem to connote that blond hair is a sign of", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 15 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5553895", "chunk_text": "\"Eye color\"\nfront of the stroma. Gray eyes are most common in Northern and Eastern Europe. Gray eyes can also be found among the Algerian Shawia people of the Aurès Mountains in Northwest Africa, in the Middle East, Central Asia, and South Asia. Under magnification, gray eyes exhibit small amounts of yellow and brown color in the iris. As with blue eyes, the color of green eyes does not result simply from the pigmentation of the iris. The green color is caused by the combination of: 1) an amber or light brown pigmentation in the stroma of the iris (which has a", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 16 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1296527", "chunk_text": "Blond\nwith light hair. From the times of the Russian Tsardom of the 17th century through the Soviet Union rule in the 20th century, many ethnic Russians, Ukrainians, Belarusians, Lithuanians, Latvians, and Estonians were settled in or exiled en masse to Siberia and Central Asia. Blond hair is often seen in these groups, whereas the indigenous peoples are more likely to be dark haired. For instance, their descendants currently contribute to an estimated 25% of Kazakhstan's total population. Many actors and actresses in Latin America and Hispanic United States have blond hair, blue eyes, and pale skin. Most people in ancient", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 17 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8542133", "chunk_text": "Green\nand Dutch adults found green eyes to be much more prevalent in women than in men. Among European Americans, green eyes are most common among those of recent Celtic and Germanic ancestry, about 16%. Neolithic cave paintings do not have traces of green pigments, but neolithic peoples in northern Europe did make a green dye for clothing, made from the leaves of the birch tree. It was of very poor quality, more brown than green. Ceramics from ancient Mesopotamia show people wearing vivid green costumes, but it is not known how the colors were produced. In Ancient Egypt, green was", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 18 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1296509", "chunk_text": "Blond\nattract customers. The Greeks stereotyped Thracians and slaves as blond and the Romans associated blondness with the Celts and the Germans to the north. In western Europe during the Middle Ages, long, blond hair was idealized as the paragon of female beauty. The Norse goddess Sif and the medieval heroine Iseult were both significantly portrayed as blond and, in medieval artwork, Eve, Mary Magdalene, and the Virgin Mary are often shown with blond hair. In the late nineteenth and early twentieth century, scientific racists categorized blond hair and blue eyes as characteristics of the supreme Nordic race. In contemporary western", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 19 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4548613", "chunk_text": "\"The Green-Eyed Blonde\"\nThe Green-Eyed Blonde The Green-Eyed Blonde is a 1957 American drama film directed by Bernard Girard and written by Dalton Trumbo, a blacklisted Hollywood screenwriter; the script was credited to his front, Sally Stubblefield. The film stars Susan Oliver, Melinda Plowman, Beverly Long, Norma Jean Nilsson, Tommie Moore and Carla Merey. The film was released by Warner Bros. on December 14, 1957. Maggie Wilson joins the staff of a California institution for wayward girls, run by the stern Mrs. Nichols. A new arrival, Betsy Abel, hates her mother and has a two-month-old baby of her own, refusing to identify the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 20 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17471924", "chunk_text": "\"Human hair color\"\nor women are often known as brunette. Chestnut hair is a hair color which is a reddish shade of brown hair. In contrast to auburn hair, the reddish shade of chestnut is darker. Chestnut hair is common among the native peoples of Northern, Central, Western, and Eastern Europe. Blond (or \"\"blonde\"\" for women) hair ranges from nearly white (platinum blond, tow-haired) to a dark golden blonde. Strawberry blond, a mixture of blond and red hair, is a much rarer type containing the most pheomelanin. Blond hair can have almost any proportion of pheomelanin and eumelanin, but has only small amounts", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 21 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18535517", "chunk_text": "\"Alice Elizabeth Doherty\"\nAlice Elizabeth Doherty Alice Elizabeth Doherty (14 March 1887 – 13 June 1933) was born in Minneapolis and is the only known person with hypertrichosis lanuginosa born in the United States. Doherty was born with approximately two-inch long blonde hair all over her body. None of her relatives are known to have had a similar condition. She had blue eyes. Alice was exhibited by her parents as a sideshow attraction from as early as two years old. Later she was presented commercially by her mother and \"\"Professor Weller’s One-Man Band\"\" throughout the Midwestern United States. Although the hypertrichosis condition is", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 22 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1843236", "chunk_text": "\"Eye color\"\nEye color Eye color is a polygenic phenotypic character determined by two distinct factors: the pigmentation of the eye's iris and the frequency-dependence of the scattering of light by the turbid medium in the stroma of the iris. In humans, the pigmentation of the iris varies from light brown to black, depending on the concentration of melanin in the iris pigment epithelium (located on the back of the iris), the melanin content within the iris stroma (located at the front of the iris), and the cellular density of the stroma. The appearance of blue and green, as well as hazel", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 23 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1029256", "chunk_text": "\"Eye color\"\nregulates \"\"OCA2\"\" expression, is partly responsible for blue eyes. Other genes implicated in eye color variation are SLC24A4 and TYR. A 2010 study on eye color variation into hue and saturation values using high-resolution digital full-eye photographs found three new loci for a total of ten genes, and now about 50% of eye colour variation can be explained. Blue eyes with a brown spot, green eyes, and gray eyes are caused by an entirely different part of the genome. People of European descent show the greatest variety in eye color of any population worldwide. Recent advances in ancient DNA technology", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 24 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2838167", "chunk_text": "\"Hair coloring\"\nCopenhagen. At-home coloring in the United States reached $1.9 billion in 2011 and is expected to rise to $2.2 billion by 2016. Diodorus Siculus, a Greek historian, described in detail how Celtic people dyed their hair blonde: \"\"Their aspect is terrifying... They are very tall in stature, with rippling muscles under clear white skin. Their hair is blond, but not naturally so: they bleach it, to this day, artificially, washing it in lime and combing it back from their foreheads. They look like wood-demons, their hair thick and shaggy like a horse's mane. Some of them are clean-shaven, but others—especially", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 25 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5553893", "chunk_text": "\"Eye color\"\nAmericas, etc. as well as parts of Eastern Europe and Southern Europe. The majority of people in the world overall have brown eyes to dark brown eyes. Light or medium-pigmented brown eyes can also be commonly found in South Europe, among the Americas, and parts of Central Asia (Middle East and South Asia). Like blue eyes, gray eyes have a dark epithelium at the back of the iris and a relatively clear stroma at the front. One possible explanation for the difference in the appearance of gray and blue eyes is that gray eyes have larger deposits of collagen in", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 26 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12995690", "chunk_text": "Brown\nAfrica, Americas, etc. as well as parts of Eastern Europe and Southern Europe. The majority of people in the world overall have dark brown eyes. Light or medium-pigmented brown eyes are common in Europe, Afghanistan, Pakistan and Northern India, as well as some parts of the Middle East. (See eye color). Brown is the second most common color of human hair, after black. It is caused by higher levels of the natural dark pigment eumelanin, and lower levels of the pale pigment pheomelanin. Brown eumelanin is more common among Europeans, while black eumelanin is more often found in the hair", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 27 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4227462", "chunk_text": "Blond\ncompleted by the early 1st century AD. The Romans established provinces such as Hispania Terraconensis that were inhabited largely by Gallaeci, whose red and blond-haired descendants (which also include those of Visigothic origins) have continued to inhabit northern areas of Spain such as Galicia and Portugal into the modern era. Medieval Scandinavian art and literature often places emphasis on the length and color of a woman's hair, considering long, blond hair to be the ideal. In Norse mythology, the goddess Sif has famously blond hair, which some scholars have identified as representing golden wheat. In the Old Norse \"\"Gunnlaug Saga\"\",", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 28 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1296517", "chunk_text": "Blond\nmany children's blond hair turns light, medium, dark brown or black before or during their adult years. Because blond hair tends to turn brunette with age, natural blond hair is rare in adulthood; according to the sociologist Christie Davies, only around five percent of adults in Europe and North America are naturally blond. A study conducted in 2003 concluded that only four percent of American adults are naturally blond. Nonetheless, a significant majority of Caucasian women (perhaps as high as three in four) dye their hair blond, a significantly higher percentage than for any other hair color. Blond hair is", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 29 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4227448", "chunk_text": "Blond\nFrench females are natural blondes, of which 60% bleach their hair to a lighter tone of blond. In Portugal, an average 11% of the population shows traces of blondism, peaking at 14.3–15.1% blond people in Póvoa de Varzim in northern Portugal. In northern Spain, 17% of the population shows traces of blondism, but in southern Spain just 2% of the people are blond. In Italy, a study of Italian men conducted by Ridolfo Livi between 1859 and 1863 on the records of the National Conscription Service showed that 8.2% of Italian men exhibited blond hair. Blondism frequency varies among regions", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 30 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1029255", "chunk_text": "\"Eye color\"\nboth are localized in Chromosome 15. The gene \"\"OCA2\"\" (), when in a variant form, causes the pink eye color and hypopigmentation common in human albinism. (The name of the gene is derived from the disorder it causes, oculocutaneous albinism type II.) Different SNPs within \"\"OCA2\"\" are strongly associated with blue and green eyes as well as variations in freckling, mole counts, hair and skin tone. The polymorphisms may be in an \"\"OCA2\"\" regulatory sequence, where they may influence the expression of the gene product, which in turn affects pigmentation. A specific mutation within the \"\"HERC2\"\" gene, a gene that", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 31 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2554196", "chunk_text": "\"Sarará\"\nolive skin beauty type, European facial features and hair texture are a beauty standard in Brazil, and many people of diverse backgrounds use flat irons and chemical hair treatments to pass their hair as straight or wavy. In a society that divides between \"\"white\"\" and \"\"black\"\", \"\"sararás\"\" will be placed together with the Brown-skinned \"\"pardos\"\" as non-whites, despite their fair complexion and hair. It is known that the genes responsible for blondism i.e. blonde hair (that probably firstly appeared around the Baltic Sea) and rutilism i.e. red hair (that probably firstly appeared in Africa and then spread to other continents,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 32 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3472140", "chunk_text": "\"Eye color\"\nfrom a brown to a green. Although hazel mostly consists of brown and green, the dominant color in the eye can either be brown/gold or green. This is how many people mistake hazel eyes to be amber and vice versa. This can sometimes produce a multicolored iris, i.e., an eye that is light brown/amber near the pupil and charcoal or dark green on the outer part of the iris (or vice versa) when observed in sunlight. Definitions of the eye color \"\"hazel\"\" vary: it is sometimes considered to be synonymous with light brown or gold, as in the color of", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 33 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1296525", "chunk_text": "Blond\nparts of West Asia, Central Asia and South Asia. Genetic analysis in 2014 also found that people of the Afanasevo culture which flourished in the Altai Mountains were genetically identical to Yamnaya Proto-Indo-Europeans and that they did not carry genetic alleles for blond hair or light eyes. The Afanasevo culture was later replaced by a second wave of Indo-European invaders from the Andronovo culture, who were a product of Corded Ware admixture that took place in Europe, and carried genetic alleles that cause blond hair and light eyes. In 2009 and 2014, genomic study of Tarim mummies discovered in the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 34 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17471925", "chunk_text": "\"Human hair color\"\nof both. More pheomelanin creates a more golden or strawberry blond color, and more eumelanin creates an ash or sandy blond color. Many children born with blond hair develop darker hair as they age, with the majority of natural blonds developing a hair color of a dark blond hue by the time they reach middle age. Pregnancy hormones hasten this process. Natural light blond hair is rare in adulthood, with claims of the world's population ranging from 2% naturally blond to 16% in the US. Blond hair is most commonly found in Northern and Western Europeans and their descendants but", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 35 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4587031", "chunk_text": "\"Brown hair\"\nof polymer bonds. The two types are black eumelanin and brown eumelanin. Black eumelanin is the darkest; brown eumelanin is much lighter than black. A small amount of black eumelanin in the absence of other pigments causes grey hair. A small amount of brown eumelanin in the absence of other pigments causes yellow (blond) color hair. Often, natural blond or red hair will darken to a brown color over time. Brown-haired people have medium-thick strands of hair. Brown-haired people are thought to produce more skin-protecting eumelanin and are associated with having a more even skin tone. The range of skin", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 36 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18860899", "chunk_text": "\"Biology in fiction\"\npopular myths to the point of \"\"pure fiction\"\". In his own field, he gives as examples the idea that first-degree relatives have the same hair, eyes and nose as each other, and that a person's future is predicted by their genetic code, as (he states) in \"\"Gattaca\"\". Koboldt points out that eye colour changes as children grow up: adults with green or brown eyes often had blue eyes as babies; that brown-eyed parents can have children with blue eyes, \"\"and vice versa\"\"; and that the brown pigment melanin is controlled by around 10 different genes, so inheritance is along a", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 37 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3472141", "chunk_text": "\"Eye color\"\na hazelnut shell. Hazel eyes occur throughout Caucasoid populations, in particular in regions where blue, green and brown eyed peoples are intermixed. The eyes of people with severe forms of albinism may appear red under certain lighting conditions owing to the extremely low quantities of melanin, allowing the blood vessels to show through. In addition, flash photography can sometimes cause a \"\"red-eye effect\"\", in which the very bright light from a flash reflects off the retina, which is abundantly vascular, causing the pupil to appear red in the photograph. Although the deep blue eyes of some people such as Elizabeth", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 38 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4227438", "chunk_text": "Blond\nof a person, esp. a woman... being foolish or scatter-brained.\"\" Another hair color word of French origin, \"\"brunet(te)\"\" (from the same Germanic root that gave \"\"brown\"\"), functions in the same way in orthodox English. The \"\"OED\"\" gives \"\"brunet\"\" as meaning \"\"dark-complexioned\"\" or a \"\"dark-complexioned person\"\", citing a comparative usage of \"\"brunet\"\" and \"\"blond\"\" to Thomas Henry Huxley in saying, \"\"The present contrast of blonds and brunets existed among them.\"\" \"\"Brunette\"\" can be used, however, like \"\"blonde\"\", to describe a mixed-gender populace. The \"\"OED\"\" quotes Grant Allen, \"\"The nation which resulted... being sometimes blonde, sometimes brunette.\"\" \"\"Blond\"\" and \"\"blonde\"\" are also", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 39 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1296530", "chunk_text": "Blond\nfrom ritual pollution. Sappho's contemporary Alcman of Sparta praised golden hair as one of the most desirable qualities of a beautiful woman, describing in various poems \"\"the girl with the yellow hair\"\" and a girl \"\"with the hair like purest gold.\"\" In the fifth century BC, the sculptor Pheidias may have depicted the Greek goddess of wisdom Athena's hair using gold in his famous statue of \"\"Athena Parthenos\"\", which was displayed inside the Parthenon. The Greeks thought of the Thracians who lived to the north as having reddish-blond hair. Because many Greek slaves were captured from Thrace, slaves were stereotyped", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 40 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3472139", "chunk_text": "\"Eye color\"\nand Dutch adults found green eyes to be much more prevalent in women than in men. Among European Americans, green eyes are most common among those of recent Celtic and Germanic ancestry, about 16%. 37.2% of Italians from Verona and 56% of Slovenes have blue/green eyes. Green eyes are common in Tabby cats as well as the Chinchilla Longhair and its shorthaired equivalents are notable for their black-rimmed sea-green eyes. Hazel eyes are due to a combination of Rayleigh scattering and a moderate amount of melanin in the iris' anterior border layer. Hazel eyes often appear to shift in color", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 41 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "607931", "chunk_text": "\"Blonde stereotype\"\nthe bloody footprints\"\", hence the term \"\"Hitchcock blonde\"\". This stereotype has become so ingrained it has spawned counter-narratives, such as in the 2001 film \"\"Legally Blonde\"\" in which Reese Witherspoon succeeds at Harvard despite biases against her beauty and blonde hair, and terms developed such as cookie cutter blonde (CCB), implying standardized blonde looks and standard perceived social and intelligence characteristics of a blonde. Many actors and actresses in Latin America and Hispanic United States have blond hair and blue eyes and/or pale skin, such as Christina Aguilera and Shakira. Annette Kuhn divides blonde stereotypes in cinema into three categories", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 42 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3472130", "chunk_text": "\"Eye color\"\neyes). The same DNA sequence in the region of the OCA2 gene among blue-eyed people suggests they may have a single common ancestor. DNA studies on ancient human remains confirm that light skin, hair and eyes were present at least tens of thousands of years ago on Neanderthals, who lived in Eurasia for 500,000 years. , the earliest light-pigmented and blue-eyed remains of Homo sapiens were found in 7,700 years old Mesolithic hunter-gatherers from Motala, Sweden. A 2002 study found that the prevalence of blue eye color among the white population in the United States to be 33.8% for those", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 43 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4227463", "chunk_text": "Blond\nHelga the Beautiful, described as \"\"the most beautiful woman in the world\"\", is said to have hair that is \"\"as fair as beaten gold\"\" and so long that it can \"\"envelope her entirely\"\". In the \"\"Poetic Edda\"\" poem \"\"Rígsþula\"\", the blond man Jarl is considered to be the ancestor of the dominant warrior class. In Northern European folklore, supernatural beings value blond hair in humans. Blond babies are more likely to be stolen and replaced with changelings, and young blonde women are more likely to be lured away to the land of the beings. The Scandinavians were not the only", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 44 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1296556", "chunk_text": "Blond\nwith natural blond hair in fact had a higher average IQ score (103.2) than white women with brown hair (102.7), red hair (101.2), or black hair (100.5). Although many consider \"\"blonde jokes\"\" to be harmless, the author of the study stated the stereotype can have serious negative effects on hiring, promotion and other social experiences. Rhiannon Williams of \"\"The Telegraph\"\" writes that \"\"dumb blonde\"\" jokes are \"\"one of the last 'acceptable' forms of prejudice\"\". Blond Blond or fair hair is a hair color characterized by low levels of the dark pigment eumelanin. The resultant visible hue depends on various factors,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 45 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10721943", "chunk_text": "\"Sex differences in human physiology\"\nhair, whereas males were more likely to have black or dark brown hair. Another study found green eyes, which are a result of lower melanin levels, to be much more common in women than in men, at least by a factor of two. However, one more recent study found that while women indeed tend to have a lower frequency of black hair, men on the other hand had a higher frequency of platinum blond hair, blue eyes and lighter skin. According to this one theory the cause for this is a higher frequency of genetic recombination in women than in", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 46 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4227439", "chunk_text": "Blond\noccasionally used to refer to objects that have a color reminiscent of fair hair. For example, the \"\"OED\"\" records its use in 19th-century poetic diction to describe flowers, \"\"a variety of clay ironstone of the coal measures\"\", \"\"the colour of raw silk\"\", a breed of ray, lager beer, and pale wood. Various subcategories of blond hair have been defined to describe the different shades and sources of the hair color more accurately. Common examples include the following: Natural lighter hair colors occur most often in Europe and less frequently in other areas. In Northern European populations, the occurrence of blond", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 47 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11372520", "chunk_text": "Grey\nin the core of each hair. Melanin is also responsible for the color of the skin and of the eyes. There are only two types of pigment: dark (eumelanin) or light (phaeomelanin). Combined in various combinations, these pigments create all natural hair colors. Melanin itself is the product of a specialized cell, the melanocyte, which is found in each hair follicle, from which the hair grows. As hair grows, the melanocyte injects melanin into the hair cells, which contain the protein keratin and which makes up our hair, skin, and nails. As long as the melanocytes continue injecting melanin into", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 48 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4227459", "chunk_text": "Blond\nwould sprinkle golden dust on their hair to make it reddish-color. Emperor Lucius Verus (r. 161 – 169 AD) was said to sprinkle gold-dust on his already \"\"golden\"\" blond hair to make it even blonder and brighter. From an ethnic point of view, Roman authors associated blond and red hair with the Gauls and the Germans: e.g., Virgil describes the hair of the Gauls as \"\"golden\"\" (\"\"aurea caesaries\"\"), Tacitus wrote that \"\"the Germans have fierce blue eyes, red-blond hair (\"\"rutilae comae\"\"), huge (tall) frames\"\"; in accordance with Ammianus, almost all the Gauls were \"\"of tall stature, fair and ruddy\"\". Celtic", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 49 } ]
test_3497	coldplay song i will try to fix you?	n/a	[ "\"Fix You\"" ]	[]	n/a	n/a	n/a	[]	[ { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "885512", "chunk_text": "\"Fix You\"\nFix You \"\"Fix You\"\" is a song by the British rock band Coldplay. It was written by all four members of the band for their third studio album, \"\"X&Y\"\" (2005). The track is built around an organ accompanied by piano and guitar in the first half and an alternative rock style in the second half featuring electric guitar, bass and drums. It was released on 5 September 2005 as the second single from \"\"X&Y\"\" and has reached number 4 on the UK Singles Chart. The song reached number 18 in the United States \"\"Billboard\"\" Hot Modern Rock Tracks. Promo singles", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 0 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8351657", "chunk_text": "\"Fix You\"\nOn an episode of the BBC comedy game show \"\"Never Mind the Buzzcocks\"\", the Coldplay song \"\"Violet Hill\"\" was used in a segment, and when regular panellist Noel Fielding said that he \"\"genuinely hated Coldplay,\"\" host David Tennant then played a snippet of \"\"Fix You\"\" and mouthed the line \"\"\"\"And I will try...to fix you.\"\"\"\" Comedian Catherine Tate also finished the lyrics of the chorus correctly in a different segment of the same episode. The song was also played at the wedding of the Swedish prince Carl Philip and Sofia Hellqvist on 13 June 2015, performed by Salem al Fakir.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 1 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3616031", "chunk_text": "\"The Scientist (song)\"\nThe Scientist (song) \"\"The Scientist\"\" is a song by the British rock band Coldplay. The song was written collaboratively by all the band members for their second album, \"\"A Rush of Blood to the Head\"\". It is built around a piano ballad, with its lyrics telling the story about a man's desire to love and an apology. The song was released in the United Kingdom as the second single from \"\"A Rush of Blood to the Head\"\" and reached number 10 in the UK Charts. It was released in the United States as the third single and reached number 18", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 2 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14459709", "chunk_text": "\"Talk (Coldplay song)\"\nTalk (Coldplay song) \"\"Talk\"\" is a song by the British rock band Coldplay. Built around a motif from Kraftwerk's 1981 song \"\"Computer Love\"\", it was written by all members of the band and appeared on their third album, \"\"X&Y\"\". In the United States, the song entered at number 86 on the \"\"Billboard\"\" Hot 100 and elsewhere in the world its success varied. It peaked at number one in the Netherlands' Dutch Top 40, becoming the band's first number one single there. The song received positive reviews, with critics noting the music's sound and memorable lyrics. Both the song and its", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 3 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5692440", "chunk_text": "\"Trouble (Coldplay song)\"\nTrouble (Coldplay song) \"\"Trouble\"\" is a song by British rock band Coldplay, for their debut album, \"\"Parachutes\"\" (2000). The band wrote the song and co-produced it with British record producer Ken Nelson. The song's arrangement is built around the acoustic piano. The song was released on 26 October 2000 as the album's third single. It reached number 10 on the UK Singles Chart, making it the band's second top 10 single in the country. Although \"\"Trouble\"\" failed to chart on the United States, the music press deemed it almost as successful as its predecessor, \"\"Yellow\"\". In Iceland the song peaked", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 4 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8351648", "chunk_text": "\"Fix You\"\n2010, the song re-entered the Australian singles chart at number 37. In 2005, Coldplay performed the song live on \"\"Saturday Night Live\"\" and the Live 8 event in July. It has also become the anthem for the event. In 2009, the song also appeared on Coldplay's live album, \"\"LeftRightLeftRightLeft\"\". On 19 October 2011, the band played the song at the \"\"Celebrating Steve\"\" event for Apple employees over a global media stream to all the Apple Stores. This event was also available for Apple customers via the company website. On 4 June 2017, Coldplay performed \"\"Fix You\"\" at the \"\"One Love", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 5 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3616045", "chunk_text": "\"The Scientist (song)\"\nat the 2004 Grammy Awards for Best Short Form Music Video but lost to Johnny Cash's video for \"\"Hurt\"\". By October 2018 the video had received over 600 million views on YouTube. The Scientist (song) \"\"The Scientist\"\" is a song by the British rock band Coldplay. The song was written collaboratively by all the band members for their second album, \"\"A Rush of Blood to the Head\"\". It is built around a piano ballad, with its lyrics telling the story about a man's desire to love and an apology. The song was released in the United Kingdom as the second", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 6 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6713776", "chunk_text": "\"Kindred Spirits (music)\"\nKindred Spirits (music) Kindred Spirits is a children's choir from the London area with over 20 members between the ages of 6 and 14 years old. Kindred Spirits signed a recording contract with EMI Classics and recorded their first album in Summer 2007 featuring a selection of classical and popular songs including the folksong \"\"O Waly Waly\"\", the Christmas carol \"\"In the Bleak Midwinter\"\", \"\"Perfect Day\"\" from the Beatrix Potter film, and a cover version of the Coldplay hit song \"\"Fix You\"\". Their debut album was released on 10 December 2007, but failed to make in impact, despite being nominated", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 7 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12537403", "chunk_text": "\"Fix You\"\nwere released for the UK and US. Blythe Danner, the mother of Gwyneth Paltrow and former mother-in-law of Chris Martin, stated in an interview in May 2012 that Martin 'wrote the song for Gwyneth when her father died and I weep every time I hear it'. \"\"Fix You\"\" was critically acclaimed by music critics. It has been widely sampled, with different covers and sounds. The music video was garnered as a tribute to the 7 July 2005 London bombings. The guitar solo of \"\"Fix You\"\" is currently used as the player introduction at all of the National Hockey League's Montreal", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 8 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17255079", "chunk_text": "\"Bruce Paltrow\"\nThe foundation works primarily in the areas of public awareness, early detection, patient support functions and research. Coldplay singer Chris Martin married Paltrow's daughter, Gwyneth, in 2003. The 2005 Coldplay album \"\"X&Y\"\" carried a dedication to Bruce Paltrow. According to Blythe Danner, the famous Coldplay song \"\"Fix You\"\" was written for Gwyneth, as Martin wanted to \"\"fix her\"\" after the death of her father. Bruce Paltrow Bruce Weigert Paltrow (November 26, 1943 – October 3, 2002) was an American television and film director and producer. He was the husband of actress Blythe Danner, and the father of actress Gwyneth Paltrow", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 9 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "885519", "chunk_text": "\"Fix You\"\nit be worse?\"\". Coldplay released \"\"Fix You\"\" in the UK and US on 5 September 2005 as the second single of their third album. The single was pressed with two B-sides: \"\"The World Turned Upside Down\"\" and \"\"Pour Me\"\". On 14 September 2005, the band released the \"\"Fix You EP\"\" in the iTunes Store. In response to Hurricane Katrina, all of the sales went to the American Red Cross Hurricane 2005 Relief and the National Academy of Recording Arts & Sciences' MusiCares Hurricane Relief Fund. Promotional singles were released in the UK and US. The track peaked at number four", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 10 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18617253", "chunk_text": "\"Fix (song)\"\nFix (song) \"\"Fix\"\" is a song performed by American contemporary R&B group Blackstreet, originally appearing as the fourth track on their second studio album \"\"Another Level\"\". A remixed version of the song was issued as the third single from the album and features American rock band Fishbone, as well as a rap by American hip hop musician Ol' Dirty Bastard and ad-libs by American guitarist Slash. The song peaked at #58 on the \"\"Billboard\"\" Hot 100 in 1997. The album version of the song contains a sample of \"\"The Message\"\" by Grandmaster Flash and the Furious Five; and the song", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 11 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20146776", "chunk_text": "\"U.F.O. (Coldplay song)\"\nU.F.O. (Coldplay song) \"\"U.F.O.\"\" is a song by British rock band Coldplay. It was written by all four members of the band for their fifth studio album, \"\"Mylo Xyloto\"\". The album's opening track, \"\"Mylo Xyloto\"\" and \"\"A Hopeful Transmission\"\" are based on the chords from the second half of this song. After the song ends, the track includes a short instrumental section (reminiscent of \"\"Prospekt's March/Poppyfields\"\") that segues into the following track, \"\"Princess of China\"\". The track also features samples from a sample of Sigur Rós' \"\"Takk...\"\". It was released on 21 April 2012 as a limited edition 7\"\" single", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 12 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18912622", "chunk_text": "\"I Can't Fix You\"\nI Can't Fix You \"\"I Can’t Fix You\"\" is a song by South African-American singer Sasha Pieterse. The single was released on July 12, 2013, accompanied by a music video was released three days earlier. “I Can’t Fix You”, was written for one of Sasha’s friends who is struggling with addiction. “I wanted to save this person. I wanted to fix them. And, I couldn’t, ” she says upon revealing the tear-inducing inspiration behind the song. “And it kind of came down to me realizing that, because I couldn’t do that, all I could do was love them and support", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 13 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1553664", "chunk_text": "\"U.F.O. (Coldplay song)\"\n1,000 copies were released in the United States. U.F.O. (Coldplay song) \"\"U.F.O.\"\" is a song by British rock band Coldplay. It was written by all four members of the band for their fifth studio album, \"\"Mylo Xyloto\"\". The album's opening track, \"\"Mylo Xyloto\"\" and \"\"A Hopeful Transmission\"\" are based on the chords from the second half of this song. After the song ends, the track includes a short instrumental section (reminiscent of \"\"Prospekt's March/Poppyfields\"\") that segues into the following track, \"\"Princess of China\"\". The track also features samples from a sample of Sigur Rós' \"\"Takk...\"\". It was released on 21", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 14 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5961359", "chunk_text": "Coldplay\nin June 2005 in UK and Europe. This new, delayed release date had put the album back into the next fiscal year, actually causing EMI's stock to drop. It became the best-selling album of 2005 with worldwide sales of 8.3 million. The lead single, \"\"Speed of Sound\"\", made its radio and online music store debut on 18 April and was released as a CD on 23 May 2005. \"\"X&Y\"\" entered the album charts of 20 countries at the number one position and was the third-fastest selling album in UK chart history. Two other singles were released that year: \"\"Fix You\"\"", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 15 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15281714", "chunk_text": "\"Coldplay discography\"\nmillion copies by the end of the year. Six singles were released from \"\"X&Y\"\". The album's lead single \"\"Speed of Sound\"\" peaked at number two in the UK and became an international top ten hit. Three of its subsequent singles, \"\"Fix You\"\", \"\"Talk\"\" and \"\"The Hardest Part\"\", were also commercially successful. \"\"Viva la Vida or Death and All His Friends\"\", the band's fourth studio album, was released on 12 June 2008. It topped the charts in over thirty-six countries and became the best-selling album of 2008. Within the first three days of the album's release, it sold over 302,000 copies.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 16 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17447765", "chunk_text": "\"The Hardest Part (Coldplay song)\"\nThe Hardest Part (Coldplay song) \"\"The Hardest Part\"\" is a song by British rock band Coldplay. It was written by all four members of the band for their third album, \"\"X&Y\"\". A piano-based ballad song, it begins with a piano melody, followed with electric guitar lines, that accompanies slow-tempo drumming. It was released on 3 April 2006 as the fourth single from \"\"X&Y\"\". The song was released as a radio-only song on United Kingdom radio stations. It appeared on the United States \"\"Billboard\"\" Hot Adult Contemporary Tracks chart and peaked at number 37, making it Coldplay's first appearance on that", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 17 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7183931", "chunk_text": "Coldplay\nInc.'s private memorial event for Steve Jobs, including \"\"Viva la Vida\"\", \"\"Fix You\"\", \"\"Yellow\"\" and \"\"Every Teardrop Is a Waterfall\"\". On 26 October their \"\"Amex Unstaged\"\" concert at the Plaza de Toros de Las Ventas in Madrid, Spain, was streamed by YouTube as a live webcast directed by Anton Corbijn. On 30 November 2011, Coldplay received three Grammy Award nominations for the 54th Annual Grammy Awards which took place on 12 February 2012 in Los Angeles, and the band performed with Rihanna at the ceremony. On 12 January 2012, Coldplay were nominated for two Brit Awards. On 21 February 2012,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 18 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8573224", "chunk_text": "\"A Bridge over You\"\nA Bridge over You \"\"A Bridge over You\"\" is a charity single recorded and released independently by the Lewisham and Greenwich NHS Choir, the choir of the Lewisham and Greenwich NHS Trust located in south-east London. It is a mashup of \"\"Bridge over Troubled Water\"\" by Simon & Garfunkel and Coldplay's 2005 single \"\"Fix You\"\", with additional arrangement by the choir's conductor, Peter Mitchell. It reached number one on the UK Singles Chart at Christmas 2015. The Lewisham and Greenwich NHS Choir had previously appeared on the first series of Gareth Malone's BBC Two show \"\"\"\", a competition between workplace", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 19 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18829513", "chunk_text": "Coldplay\nColdplay recorded a new version of \"\"How You See the World\"\" with reworked lyrics for War Child's \"\"\"\" charity album. In February 2006, Coldplay earned Best Album and Best Single honours at the Brit Awards. Two more singles were released during 2006, \"\"The Hardest Part\"\" and \"\"What If\"\". In October 2006, Coldplay began work on their fourth studio album, \"\"Viva la Vida or Death and All His Friends\"\", with producer Brian Eno. Taking a break from recording, the band toured Latin America in early 2007, finishing the \"\"Twisted Logic Tour\"\" by performing in Chile, Argentina, Brazil, and Mexico. After recording", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 20 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8428777", "chunk_text": "\"Secondhand Serenade\"\nthat the new record will be more upbeat than his last album, which focused on relationships. On June 1, \"\"Something More\"\" was released onto iTunes as a deluxe single with a bonus track \"\"You Are a Drug\"\", a video showing the making of \"\"Something More\"\", and a digital booklet to the new single. The vocals of Juliet Simms from American rock band Automatic Loveletter were featured on the song \"\"Hear Me Now\"\" and the cover of \"\"Fix You\"\", originally performed by British rock band Coldplay. On July 21, while on tour in Dallas, Vesely announced that a downloadable track pack", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 21 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6739849", "chunk_text": "\"Miracles (Coldplay song)\"\nMiracles (Coldplay song) \"\"Miracles\"\" is a song by British rock band Coldplay, which was written and recorded for the 2014 drama film \"\"Unbroken\"\", directed by Angelina Jolie. The song was first unveiled on 11 December 2014, and released as a single from the film's soundtrack album on 15 December 2014 through Parlophone and Atlantic Records. The song was accompanied by a lyric video, which was released on 22 December of the same year. It is also included on the Japanese edition of the band's seventh studio album \"\"A Head Full of Dreams\"\" (2015). The song was well received by music", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 22 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15590622", "chunk_text": "\"Secondhand Serenade\"\nPreston Jones and his drummer Tom Breyfogle. Deluxe edition of \"\"A Twist in My Story\"\" was released on February 3, 2009. It contains 5 bonus tracks including radio version of \"\"Your Call\"\", acoustic version of \"\"Fall for You\"\", acoustic version of \"\"Like a Knife\"\", his single \"\"Last Time\"\", and the Coldplay cover \"\"Fix You\"\". Secondhand Serenade's third studio album is entitled \"\"Hear Me Now\"\", and was released on August 3, 2010.Thanks to Chris Lipa And His local band from Michigan for the additions to the album, The album's track listing has also been announced. In a recent interview, Vesely stated", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 23 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1180903", "chunk_text": "\"Atlas (Coldplay song)\"\nAtlas (Coldplay song) \"\"Atlas\"\" is a song by British rock band Coldplay for \"\"\"\", the soundtrack to the 2013 American science-fiction adventure film \"\"\"\". It was released digitally as the lead single from the soundtrack on 6 September 2013 worldwide, and on 8 September in the United Kingdom. The song was accompanied by a lyric video, which also premiered on 6 September. \"\"Atlas\"\" has charted in 16 countries and reached top ten positions in three of them, and has also received mostly positive reviews from music critics. The ballad, which is the first song ever written and recorded by Coldplay", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 24 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14714592", "chunk_text": "\"Fix You\"\nrelief concert, Sound Relief, in Sydney, Australia. The song has been used on the final sequences of the episode \"\"I'll Try to Fix You\"\" of the 2012 HBO's television series \"\"The Newsroom\"\", as well as an episode of \"\"Scrubs\"\", and the final scene of the episode \"\"Cargo\"\" of the CBS series \"\"Cold Case\"\". The song also briefly featured in the Australian family drama \"\"Packed to the Rafters\"\". In 2013, \"\"Fix You\"\" was used in the final episode of the first season of British public television Channel 4's comedy-drama \"\"Derek\"\". \"\"Fix You\"\" was played during an episode of Brothers & Sisters.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 25 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8351653", "chunk_text": "\"Fix You\"\nand wishes them goodnight. The video debuted on 1 August 2005. It was nominated at the 15th annual Music Video Production Association Awards in the category of Adult Contemporary. After its release, the music video was repurposed as a tribute to the victims of the 7 July 2005 London bombings, although it was filmed before they occurred. The song appears in \"\"The Acoustic Album\"\" (2006). It was performed in 2006 by the New England octogenarian chorus group Young@Heart. The group's performance was led by former chorus member Fred Knittle, who suffered from congestive heart failure and breathed with assistance from", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 26 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18912624", "chunk_text": "\"I Can't Fix You\"\npeople whom have struggled with substance abuse. Pieterse performed \"\"I Can't Fix You\"\" live on Feb 3, 2014 with duo Dan and Leland. The song debuted in Brazil, France and United Kingdom at 1, 4 and at 16, respectively. I Can't Fix You \"\"I Can’t Fix You\"\" is a song by South African-American singer Sasha Pieterse. The single was released on July 12, 2013, accompanied by a music video was released three days earlier. “I Can’t Fix You”, was written for one of Sasha’s friends who is struggling with addiction. “I wanted to save this person. I wanted to fix", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 27 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20655099", "chunk_text": "\"Young@Heart Chorus\"\ndocumentary was released in April 2008 by Fox Searchlight Pictures. Group member Fred Knittle, who sang Coldplay's \"\"Fix You\"\" in the film and was a frequent source of comic relief, died January 1, 2009, after a short battle with cancer. He was 83. Bob Cilman currently directs the chorus. His two daughters, Stella and Eva Cilman, attended Reed College and live in Portland, OR. Young@Heart Chorus Young@Heart (also Young@Heart Chorus) is an entertainment group created by and for the elderly, comprised at present of people at least 70 years of age. Some have prior professional theater or music experience, others", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 28 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18938752", "chunk_text": "\"O (Coldplay song)\"\nHe also stated that the song includes the message of the album: \"\"Never give up\"\". A different version of \"\"O\"\", called \"\"O (Reprise)\"\", appears at the end of the Target deluxe edition of \"\"Ghost Stories\"\", sold by Target only in the US, and this includes vocals from Martin's son, Moses. This is the final track in the \"\"A Sky Full of Stars EP\"\". This version leaves behind its synth base in favour of a Western-influenced guitar rhythm. Credits are adapted from \"\"Ghost Stories\"\" liner notes. O (Coldplay song) \"\"O\"\" (also known as \"\"O (Fly On)\"\") is a song by British", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 29 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17624716", "chunk_text": "\"Fixers (band)\"\nFixers (band) Fixers are a five-piece experimental music/psychedelic pop band from Oxford. The band consists of Jack Goldstein, Jason Warner, Christopher Dawson, Roo Bhasin and Michael Thompson and formed in 2009. The debut album, \"\"We'll Be the Moon\"\", was released in the United Kingdom on 18 June 2012. The band cites their influences as Brian Wilson, Van Dyke Parks, Kate Bush, Cocteau Twins, Steve Reich, J-Pop and Vanilla Fudge. The band made their debut radio appearance in August 2009, when the track \"\"Amsterdam\"\" was played on BBC Oxford Introducing. Increasing support from BBC Introducing followed, with the band's first release,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 30 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18938750", "chunk_text": "\"O (Coldplay song)\"\nO (Coldplay song) \"\"O\"\" (also known as \"\"O (Fly On)\"\") is a song by British rock band Coldplay for their sixth studio album \"\"Ghost Stories\"\" (2014). It appears as the ninth and final song on the album. It is divided in two different songs: \"\"Fly On\"\" (0:00–3:54) and \"\"O\"\" (6:18–7:47), on the standard edition of \"\"Ghost Stories\"\". Between the two songs, there are more than two minutes of silence, while in the Target deluxe edition there is no silence. The song has charted in England and in France. A live version of the track recorded at the Royce Hall of", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 31 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18829491", "chunk_text": "Coldplay\nColdplay Coldplay are a British rock band, formed in 1996 by lead singer and pianist Chris Martin and lead guitarist Jonny Buckland at University College London (UCL). After they formed under the name Pectoralz, Guy Berryman joined the group as bassist and they changed their name to Starfish. Will Champion joined as drummer and backing vocalist, completing the line-up. Creative director and former manager Phil Harvey is often referred to as the fifth member by the band. The band renamed themselves Coldplay in 1998, before recording and releasing three EPs: \"\"Safety\"\" in 1998 and \"\"Brothers & Sisters\"\" and \"\"The Blue", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 32 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11863297", "chunk_text": "\"Clocks (song)\"\nClocks (song) \"\"Clocks\"\" is a song by British rock band Coldplay. It was written and composed, as a collaboration between all the members of the band, for their second album \"\"A Rush of Blood to the Head\"\". Built around a piano riff, the song features cryptic lyrics concerning themes of contrast and urgency. Several remixes of the track exist and its riff has been widely sampled. The record debuted to critical and commercial success, with critics mainly commenting on the song's piano melody, and winning the Grammy Award for Record of the Year. It was released in the United Kingdom", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 33 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2252296", "chunk_text": "Coldplay\nover $523 million, it is the third highest-grossing concert tour in history. On 30 November 2018, Coldplay released \"\"Global Citizen EP 1\"\" under the name Los Unidades. It includes \"\"E-Lo\"\", a song with Pharrell Williams featuring Jozzy. Proceeds from the EP will go towards efforts to end global poverty. Coldplay's musical style has generally been regarded as alternative rock, pop rock, post-Britpop, and pop. Chris Martin once proclaimed the band's music as \"\"limestone rock\"\" in comparison to \"\"hard rock\"\". The band's music has been called \"\"meditative\"\" and \"\"blue romantic\"\"; it \"\"[reflects] on their emotions\"\" and Martin \"\"endlessly examine[s] his feelings\"\".", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 34 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9848261", "chunk_text": "\"In My Place\"\nIn My Place \"\"In My Place\"\" is a song by British rock band Coldplay. The song was written collaboratively by all the band members for their second album, \"\"A Rush of Blood to the Head\"\". The track is built around thumping drums and chiming guitars. It was released on 5 August 2002 as the lead single from \"\"A Rush of Blood to the Head\"\" and reached number two on the UK Singles Chart. The song also reached number 17 on \"\"Billboard\"\"s Modern Rock Tracks. \"\"In My Place\"\" was well received by critics, who complimented its arrangement and profound lyrics. The", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 35 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14714581", "chunk_text": "\"Fix You\"\nduring the second half of the bridge. The song finally ends with the beginning chorus, with slow, melancholic piano notes being played in the background. The message throughout the song, in which Martin sings, is words of encouragement: \"\"Lights will guide you home / And ignite your bones / And I will try to fix you.\"\" Michele Hatty of \"\"USA Weekend\"\" reported that Martin sings about recovering from grief in the song. Travis Gass of the \"\"Bangor Daily News\"\" wrote that Martin offers his sympathies for the downtrodden, with \"\"When you love someone but it goes to waste / Could", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 36 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5818431", "chunk_text": "X&Y\nyou can't replace\"\") and also in \"\"X&Y\"\" (\"\"When something is broken, and you try to fix it, trying to repair it, any way you can\"\") and \"\"Talk\"\" (\"\"Are you lost or incomplete? Do you feel like a puzzle, you can't find your missing piece?\"\"). This theme is also reflective of the random, incomprehensible pattern on the album's cover (until you \"\"fix\"\" it using the Baudot Code). The artwork for \"\"X&Y\"\" was designed by graphic design duo Tappin Gofton, formed by Mark Tappin and Simon Gofton; Mark Tappin had previously worked for Coldplay on the \"\"Parachutes\"\" album cover and the covers", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 37 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3612958", "chunk_text": "\"Chris Martin\"\nChris Martin Christopher Anthony John Martin (Born 2 March 1977) is an English singer, songwriter, musician, record producer, and philanthropist. He is the lead singer and co-founder of the rock band Coldplay. Born in Exeter in Devon, Martin went to University College London where he formed a rock band with Jonny Buckland in 1996 called Pectoralz, which was eventually renamed Coldplay in 1998. Martin, along with the other Coldplay members, achieved worldwide fame with the release of the band's single \"\"Yellow\"\" in 2000, a song that also earned the band their first Grammy Award nomination in the Grammy Award for", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 38 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1900045", "chunk_text": "\"Yellow (Coldplay song)\"\nYellow (Coldplay song) \"\"Yellow\"\" is a song by the British rock band Coldplay. The band wrote the song and co-produced it with British record producer Ken Nelson for their debut album, \"\"Parachutes\"\" (2000). The song was recorded in March 2000, and released in June that same year as the second single from \"\"Parachutes\"\", following Shiver, and the lead single in the United States. \"\"Yellow\"\" reached number four in the UK Singles Chart, giving Coldplay their first top-five hit in the United Kingdom. Helped by heavy rotation and usage in promotions, the song thrust the band into popularity. \"\"Yellow\"\" has since", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 39 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19317452", "chunk_text": "Echosmith\non tambourine and keyboard. Noah plays bass and sings back-up vocals for the band. The oldest sibling, Jamie, was co-lead singer and played guitar before he left the band in 2016. Echosmith has also released an array of covers of songs such as \"\"I Will Wait\"\" by Mumford & Sons, \"\"Lights\"\" by Ellie Goulding, \"\"Set Fire to the Rain\"\" by Adele, and \"\"Princess of China\"\" by Coldplay and Rihanna. The band is currently managed by their father, producer and songwriter Jeffery David who helped develop the band as well as co-writing the majority of the band's debut album. In April", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 40 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14459722", "chunk_text": "\"Talk (Coldplay song)\"\nglasses. The main plot line of the music video features the band as astronauts landing on an alien planet, where they re-activate a dormant robot, who eventually eats them and their spaceship as they are attempting to fly away. Coldplay Additional musicians A special three part single was released over three weeks in December featuring live tracks recorded at the Gelredome in 2005. Talk (Coldplay song) \"\"Talk\"\" is a song by the British rock band Coldplay. Built around a motif from Kraftwerk's 1981 song \"\"Computer Love\"\", it was written by all members of the band and appeared on their third", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 41 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18567066", "chunk_text": "\"Magic (Coldplay song)\"\nMagic (Coldplay song) \"\"Magic\"\" is a song by British rock band Coldplay for their sixth studio album, \"\"Ghost Stories\"\" (2014). It was written and produced by band members Guy Berryman, Jonny Buckland, Will Champion, Chris Martin, with production assistance from Paul Epworth. The song was recorded by the band during sessions for their sixth studio album in 2013, at their purpose-built studios The Bakery and The Beehive in North London, England, both originally constructed for work on their two previous studio albums, 2008's \"\"Viva la Vida or Death and All His Friends\"\" and 2011's \"\"Mylo Xyloto\"\" respectively. The song's bass", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 42 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16069997", "chunk_text": "\"Shiver (Coldplay song)\"\nShiver (Coldplay song) \"\"Shiver\"\" is a song by British rock band Coldplay. British record producer Ken Nelson and Coldplay produced the track for their debut album \"\"Parachutes\"\". Lead singer Chris Martin admitted that \"\"Shiver\"\" was written for a specific woman, from whom the media has generated several speculations. The song contains influences attributed to American singer-songwriter Jeff Buckley, whom Coldplay's early influences were drawn from. The song's lyrics are a reference to the band's lead singer Chris Martin's unrequited love. The song was released as the album's lead single in the United Kingdom, and second in the United States following", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 43 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1469328", "chunk_text": "\"I Will Wait\"\nI Will Wait \"\"I Will Wait\"\" is a song by British rock band Mumford & Sons. The track was first released in the United States on August 7, 2012 as the lead single from the band's second studio album, \"\"Babel\"\" (2012). This is their most successful song to date surpassing their biggest hits, \"\"Little Lion Man\"\" and \"\"The Cave\"\". It reached the top ten in the New Zealand, Irish, Canadian and Scottish national charts, and was voted into fifth place in Australian radio station Triple J's Hottest 100 of 2012. The song is playable in the video game \"\"Guitar Hero", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 44 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10648439", "chunk_text": "\"Don't Panic (Coldplay song)\"\nDon't Panic (Coldplay song) \"\"Don't Panic\"\" is a song by the British rock band Coldplay. Originally titled \"\"Panic\"\", the earliest known version of the song existed in 1998, performed live during the band's first gig in the same year. It had a different melody, and was included in the band's third EP, \"\"The Blue Room\"\". The track was reproduced by Coldplay and British producer Ken Nelson for the band's debut album, \"\"Parachutes\"\". Following their successful releases in 2000, Coldplay and their record label Parlophone thought there was enough exposure of the album in the United Kingdom. Thus, the decision of", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 45 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6294538", "chunk_text": "\"Matt McAndrew\"\n\"\"Take Me to Church\"\" and was saved by public voting. That night, he received the first \"\"iTunes bonus multiplier\"\" of the season, with his studio recording of \"\"Take Me to Church\"\" reaching the fifth position on the iTunes Top 200 Singles chart at the close of the voting window. The song also charted at number 92 on the \"\"Billboard\"\" Hot 100. In top 10 he performed \"\"Fix You\"\" by Coldplay and was saved by America's voting. In Top 8 he covered Damien Rice's \"\"The Blower's Daughter\"\", which peaked at 40 on the \"\"Billboard\"\" Hot 100 and had opening sales of", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 46 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16032066", "chunk_text": "\"Chris Martin\"\na text message declaring himself an \"\"all-theist\"\", a word of his invention meaning that he believes in \"\"everything\"\". Chris Martin Christopher Anthony John Martin (Born 2 March 1977) is an English singer, songwriter, musician, record producer, and philanthropist. He is the lead singer and co-founder of the rock band Coldplay. Born in Exeter in Devon, Martin went to University College London where he formed a rock band with Jonny Buckland in 1996 called Pectoralz, which was eventually renamed Coldplay in 1998. Martin, along with the other Coldplay members, achieved worldwide fame with the release of the band's single \"\"Yellow\"\" in", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 47 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13729181", "chunk_text": "X&Y\n\"\"Speed of Sound\"\", \"\"Fix You\"\", \"\"Talk\"\", \"\"The Hardest Part\"\", \"\"What If\"\", and \"\"White Shadows\"\". Coldplay announced details about \"\"X&Y\"\" in March 2004 while the album was being recorded. Their initial plans were to stay out of the public eye throughout the year. Lead singer Chris Martin stated, \"\"We really feel that we have to be away for a while and we certainly won't release anything this year, because I think people are a bit sick of us.\"\" This plan was not carried out, because of the pressure their second album \"\"A Rush of Blood to the Head\"\" had induced; but", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 48 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9848191", "chunk_text": "\"Trouble (Coldplay song)\"\nfalls on, and crow feathers protrude from the holes. Finally a tornado lifts up the house, spinning it across the sky and then dropping it precisely on a normal suburban street. The video's acclaimed visuals earned Hope an MTV Video Music Award for Best Art Direction in 2002. It was also nominated for Breakthrough Video. UK Funky artist Cooly G covered \"\"Trouble\"\" for her debut full-length album \"\"Playin' Me\"\" (2012). Trouble (Coldplay song) \"\"Trouble\"\" is a song by British rock band Coldplay, for their debut album, \"\"Parachutes\"\" (2000). The band wrote the song and co-produced it with British record producer", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 49 } ]
test_3498	most assists in an nba all star game?	n/a	[ "60", "22" ]	[]	n/a	n/a	n/a	[]	[ { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9802190", "chunk_text": "\"1997 NBA All-Star Game\"\n1968. Rice's 24 points in a half surpassed the previous mark of 23, owned by Wilt Chamberlain and Tom Chambers. Michael Jordan's 14 points, 11 rebounds, and 11 assists were the first and, until the 2011 NBA All-Star Game, the only triple-double in NBA All-Star Game history (LeBron James (2011), Dwyane Wade (2012), and Kevin Durant (2017) have also achieved this). Five players (Charles Barkley, Alonzo Mourning, Patrick Ewing, Clyde Drexler, Shaquille O'Neal) who were voted or selected for the team opted out due to injury, opening the doors for the annually neglected and the new stars—Joe Dumars, Detlef Schrempf,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 0 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4442886", "chunk_text": "\"Assist (basketball)\"\nheld by the Milwaukee Bucks, on December 26, 1978. The NBA single-game assist individual record is 30, held by Scott Skiles of the Orlando Magic on December 30, 1990. The NBA record for most career assists is held by John Stockton, with 15,806, Stockton also holds the NBA single season assist per game record with 14.5 during the 1989-1990 regular season. The highest career assist per game average in NBA history is held by Magic Johnson, with 11.2 assist per game. Assist (basketball) In basketball, an assist is attributed to a player who passes the ball to a teammate in", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 1 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6329531", "chunk_text": "\"NBA All-Star Game Most Valuable Player Award\"\nMacauley (1951), Cousy (1957), Pettit (1958, 1962), Chamberlain (1960), Adrian Smith (1966), Rick Barry (1967), Jerry West (1972), Tom Chambers (1987), Jordan (1988), Karl Malone (1993), John Stockton (1993), O'Neal (2004, 2009), Bryant (2011) and Davis (2017); Pettit and O'Neal did this multiple times. Kareem Abdul-Jabbar has the distinction of playing in the most All-Star Games (18) without winning the All-Star Game MVP, while Adrian Smith won the MVP in his only All-Star Game. NBA All-Star Game Most Valuable Player Award The National Basketball Association All-Star Game Most Valuable Player (MVP) is an annual National Basketball Association (NBA) award given", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 2 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4442885", "chunk_text": "\"Assist (basketball)\"\npasser and ballhandler. Centers tend to get fewer assists, but centers with good floor presence and court vision can dominate a team by assisting. Being inside the key, the center often has the best angles and the best position for \"\"dishes\"\" and other short passes in the scoring area. Center Wilt Chamberlain led the NBA in assists in 1968. A strong center with inside-scoring prowess, such as former NBA center Hakeem Olajuwon, can also be an effective assistor because the defense's double-teaming tends to open up offense in the form of shooters. The NBA single-game assist team record is 53,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 3 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6329530", "chunk_text": "\"NBA All-Star Game Most Valuable Player Award\"\nU.S. college basketball at Wake Forest. Bob Pettit (1958, 1959) and Russell Westbrook (2015, 2016) are the only players to win consecutive awards. Pettit (1956), Bob Cousy (1957), Wilt Chamberlain (1960), Bill Russell (1963), Oscar Robertson (1964), Willis Reed (1970), Dave Cowens (1973), Michael Jordan (1988, 1996, 1998), Magic Johnson (1990), Shaquille O'Neal (2000), and Allen Iverson (2001) all won the All-Star Game MVP and the NBA Most Valuable Player Award in the same season; Jordan is the only player to do this multiple times. 14 players have won the award playing for the team that hosted the All-Star Game:", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 4 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10047834", "chunk_text": "\"NBA All-Star Game Most Valuable Player Award\"\nThe player(s) with the most votes or ties for the most votes wins the award. No All-Star Game MVP was named in 1999 since the game was canceled due to the league's lockout. , the most recent recipient is Los Angeles Lakers forward LeBron James. Bob Pettit and Kobe Bryant are the only two players to win the All-Star Game MVP four times. Oscar Robertson, Michael Jordan, Shaquille O'Neal, and LeBron James have each won the award three times, while Bob Cousy, Julius Erving, Isiah Thomas, Magic Johnson, Karl Malone, Allen Iverson, and Russell Westbrook have all won the award", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 5 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9098249", "chunk_text": "\"2016 NBA All-Star Game\"\nprior team record of 163. Stephen Curry added 26 points for the West, and teammates Anthony Davis scored 24 on 12-of-13 shooting and Kevin Durant tallied 23. The East's Paul George scored 41, which tied Westbrook's total from 2015 and was one short of Wilt Chamberlain's record. LeBron James totaled 13 points for a career record of 291 to pass Bryant, who retired with 290. Westbrook became the first player in All-Star history to win consecutive MVPs outright. Bob Pettit is the other player to have won back-to-back awards, winning in 1958 and sharing it with Elgin Baylor in 1959.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 6 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8971198", "chunk_text": "\"John Stockton\"\nbasketball team in 2010. Along with his teammate Karl Malone, Stockton is considered one of the best players who never won an NBA championship. Stockton, a 10-time NBA All-Star, holds a commanding lead for the NBA record for career assists with 15,806 (10.5 per game). Stockton also holds the record for assists-per-game average over one season (14.5 in 1990) and is one of three players who have logged more than 1,000 assists in one season, joining Kevin Porter (1,099 in 1979) and Isiah Thomas (1,123 in 1985) in the exclusive list. Stockton did this seven times, with season totals of", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 7 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9293206", "chunk_text": "\"Andre Miller\"\nAndre Miller Andre Lloyd Miller (born March 19, 1976) is an American former professional basketball player. Miller has played professional basketball for the Cleveland Cavaliers, Los Angeles Clippers, Philadelphia 76ers, Portland Trail Blazers, Denver Nuggets, Washington Wizards, Sacramento Kings, Minnesota Timberwolves and San Antonio Spurs. Currently, he ranks tenth all-time in NBA career assists and has only missed three games to injury in his 17-year career. He's the only player in NBA history to have at least 16,000 career points, 8,000 assists and 1,500 steals without making an NBA All-Star Game. Miller played high school basketball at Verbum Dei in", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 8 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3215532", "chunk_text": "\"2011 NBA All-Star Game\"\nwas unable to participate due to injury. Kobe Bryant, selected to his 13th straight All-Star game after becoming the leading vote-getter, had 37 points, 14 rebounds, and three steals and won his fourth All-Star Game Most Valuable Player (MVP) Award, tying Hall of Famer Bob Pettit for the most All-Star MVP awards. LeBron James had the second triple-double in All-Star Game history with 29 points, 12 rebounds, and 10 assists. Blake Griffin is the first rookie to play in the All-Star since Yao Ming in 2003. The T-Mobile Rookie Challenge featured a team of standout first-year players ('Rookies') against a", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 9 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15640665", "chunk_text": "\"2007 NBA All-Star Game\"\nan emphatic 153–132 win over the Eastern Conference All-Stars at the Thomas & Mack Center in Las Vegas. Amar'e Stoudemire racked up 29 points and nine boards and Carmelo Anthony had 20 and nine for the West. LeBron James led the Eastern Conference with 28 points, six rebounds and six assists and Dwight Howard tallied 20 points and 12 boards. Kobe Bryant, previously the MVP of the 2002 All-Star Game, moved from 11th to 10th place on all-time All-star scoring, surpassing Magic Johnson. Bryant posted 31 points, grabbed 5 rebounds, and dished out 6 assists and steals; for his performance,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 10 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20208372", "chunk_text": "\"2013 NBA All-Star Game\"\nBasketball Players Association. The West led at the end of each quarter and won 143–138 behind Chris Paul, who won MVP honors scoring 20 points, handing out 15 assists and grabbing 4 steals. The West never led by more than eight points through the first three quarters, but they pushed the lead to double figures early in the fourth. Kobe Bryant blocked two shots by LeBron James late in the game, part of a late run to secure the game for the West. Kevin Durant led all scorers with 30 points and became the first player in NBA history to", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 11 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6329528", "chunk_text": "\"NBA All-Star Game Most Valuable Player Award\"\ntwice. James' first All-Star MVP in 2006 made him the youngest to have ever won the award at the age of 21 years, 1 month. Kyrie Irving, winner of the 2014 All-Star Game MVP, is the second-youngest at 21 years, 10 months. They are notable as being the two youngest to win the award, both as Cleveland Cavaliers. Four of the games had joint winners—Elgin Baylor and Pettit in 1959, John Stockton and Malone in 1993, O'Neal and Tim Duncan in 2000, and O'Neal and Bryant in 2009. O'Neal became the first player in All-Star history to share two MVP", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 12 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16061255", "chunk_text": "\"Magic Johnson\"\nthe most playoff assists (2,346). He is the only player to average 12 assists in an NBA Finals series, achieving it six times. He holds the All-Star Game single-game record for assists (22), and the All-Star Game record for career assists (127). Johnson introduced a fast-paced style of basketball called \"\"Showtime\"\", described as a mix of \"\"no-look passes off the fastbreak, pin-point alley-oops from halfcourt, spinning feeds and overhand bullets under the basket through triple teams.\"\" Fellow Lakers guard Michael Cooper said, \"\"There have been times when [Johnson] has thrown passes and I wasn't sure where he was going. Then", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 13 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10379185", "chunk_text": "\"John Stockton\"\nJohn Stockton John Houston Stockton (born March 26, 1962) is an American retired professional basketball player. He spent his entire professional playing career as a point guard for the Utah Jazz of the National Basketball Association (NBA), from 1984 to 2003. Stockton is regarded as one of the best point guards of all time, holding the NBA records for most career assists and steals by considerable margins. He is a ten-time NBA All-Star, and a two-time Naismith Memorial Basketball Hall of Fame inductee (in 2009 for his individual career, and in 2010 as a member of the 1992 United States", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 14 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16745530", "chunk_text": "\"NBA All-Star Game\"\nplayed under normal NBA rules, but there are notable differences from an average game. Since the starting All-Stars are selected by fan vote, players sometimes start the game at atypical positions. For instance, in 2007 Kobe Bryant and Tracy McGrady had the two highest fan vote totals among Western Conference guards. As both players normally play shooting guard, Bryant, who is 6'6\"\" (198 cm), started the game as a point guard, despite him also manning the shooting guard position on his team. The player introductions are usually accompanied by a significant amount of fanfare, including lighting effects, dance music, and", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 15 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9098248", "chunk_text": "\"2016 NBA All-Star Game\"\nrespectively. Pau Gasol of the Chicago Bulls and Al Horford of the Atlanta Hawks were named as Butler and Bosh's replacements. Russell Westbrook earned his second-straight MVP award in his first All-Star start as the West won 196–173 over the East. He scored a team-high 31 points and added eight rebounds, five assists, and five steals in 22 minutes. Kobe Bryant, who planned to retire after the season, had 10 points, six rebounds, and seven assists in his final All-Star Game. The 369 total points in the game broke the previous year's record by 48, and both sides exceeded the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 16 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15640668", "chunk_text": "\"2007 NBA All-Star Game\"\nwas Eddie Jordan of the Washington Wizards, as Flip Saunders was ineligible due to coaching the East last year. The 2006 All-Star MVP LeBron James was the top vote-getter, receiving 2,516,049 votes for the Eastern Conference's small forward position. One player has received more votes in NBA history: Dwight Howard with 3,150,181. Three other players, guards Kobe Bryant of the Lakers and Dwyane Wade of the Miami Heat and center Yao of the Houston Rockets, received more than two million votes. All three started at their positions in their respective conference—with the exception of Yao Ming due to injury. In", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 17 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13101574", "chunk_text": "\"2015 NBA All-Star Game\"\nAll-Star team\"\", regardless of where the player was listed on the All-Star ballot or the position he was listed in box scores. If a player is unable to participate due to injury, the commissioner will select a replacement. Stephen Curry of the Golden State Warriors topped the ballots with 1,513,324 votes, which earned him a starting position as a guard in the Western Conference team. Kobe Bryant earned a record 17th consecutive All-Star selection, and Anthony Davis, Marc Gasol, and Blake Griffin completed the Western Conference starting positions. The first-time All-Stars in the West were the Warriors’ Klay Thompson and", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 18 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10143461", "chunk_text": "\"1996 NBA All-Star Game\"\nof greatest drafts in the NBA history due to the future hall of fame talent that was added that year. The anticipation for this game was high compared to the years before. This game was the first All-Star game that Michael Jordan played in after returning from his first retirement. He scored 20 points, 4 rebounds and 1 assist shooting at about a 73% average for the game. Shaquille O’Neal, scored 25 points with 10 rebounds to lead the East in scoring and rebounds. For the West on the other hand, Jason Kidd was the assist leader with 10 assists", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 19 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14402559", "chunk_text": "\"2017 NBA All-Star Game\"\n2017 NBA All-Star Game The 2017 NBA All-Star Game was an exhibition basketball game that was played on February 19, 2017 in New Orleans, Louisiana at the Smoothie King Center. It was the 66th edition of the event. The West won the game 192-182. The MVP of the game was Anthony Davis, who scored 52 points, the most ever scored by a player in an All-Star Game. It was initially planned to be held at Spectrum Center in Charlotte, home of the Charlotte Hornets. If the game had remained in Charlotte, it would have been the second time that Charlotte", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 20 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18685791", "chunk_text": "\"Oscar Robertson\"\naverage more than 10 rebounds per game, doing so three times. It was a feat that would not be repeated until Russell Westbrook managed to achieve it during the 2016–17 season. In addition to his 1964 regular season MVP award, Robertson won three All-Star Game MVPs in his career (in 1961, 1964, and 1969). He ended his career with 26,710 points (25.7 per game, ninth-highest all time), 9,887 assists (9.5 per game) and 7,804 rebounds (7.5 per game). He led the league in assists six times, and at the time of his retirement, he was the NBA's all-time leader in", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 21 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13174847", "chunk_text": "\"NBA All-Star Celebrity Game\"\nin 2012's version of the game include J. Cole, Common, Vinny Guadagnino, Kevin Hart, and Ne-Yo. Arne Duncan scored 17 points, and grabbed eight rebounds for the East, but teammate Kevin Hart, who recorded 8 points and 6 assists, was named the game's MVP. Hart was also given two technical fouls and was ejected from the game with about a minute to go in the fourth quarter for protesting a call made against him. The East won the game 86-54. Orlando Magic center Dwight Howard coached for the East team and Oklahoma City Thunder forward Kevin Durant coached the West", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 22 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17646581", "chunk_text": "\"2013 NBA All-Star Game\"\n2006 at the Toyota Center. The West won the game 143–138, and Chris Paul of the Los Angeles Clippers was named the game's most valuable player (MVP). Starters for the game were selected by the fans, who could select three frontcourt players and two guards from each conference. Previously, fans selected two forwards and one center instead of generic frontcourt players. Kobe Bryant of the Los Angeles Lakers received the most overall votes at 1,591,437. Starting this season, NBA All-Star Saturday Night events became contests between the Eastern and Western Conferences. The coaches for the All-Star game were the head", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 23 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18122854", "chunk_text": "\"Russell Westbrook\"\nRussell Westbrook Russell Westbrook III (born November 12, 1988) is an American professional basketball player for the Oklahoma City Thunder of the National Basketball Association (NBA). He is a seven-time NBA All-Star, and a two-time NBA All-Star Game Most Valuable Player, winning consecutive awards in 2015 and 2016. He is also a seven-time All-NBA Team member and led the league in scoring in 2014–15 and 2016–17. In 2017, Westbrook became one of two players in NBA history to average a triple-double for a season, along with Oscar Robertson in 1962. He also set a record for the most triple-doubles in", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 24 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7766297", "chunk_text": "\"2014 NBA All-Star Game\"\nof the Oklahoma City Thunder, were selected as the East and West head coach, respectively. Kobe Bryant was unable to participate due to injury. Kyrie Irving scored 31 points and had 14 assists and was named the NBA All-Star Game Most Valuable Player (MVP) to help the East stop a three-game losing streak and win 163–155 in the second highest-scoring game in All-Star history. Carmelo Anthony added 30 points for the East and made a record eight three-pointers, one of 11 All-Star records that were broken in the game. The West was led by Kevin Durant and Blake Griffin, who", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 25 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16787902", "chunk_text": "\"2015 NBA All-Star Game\"\nfinished one point shy of the All-Star game record set by Wilt Chamberlain (42) in 1962. Rookie Zach LaVine won the Slam Dunk Contest to become the youngest champion (19) since an 18-year-old Kobe Bryant in 1997. He became a crowd favorite after his first dunk, which he performed while wearing Michael Jordan's No. 23 jersey from the movie \"\"Space Jam\"\", which inspired him as a youngster to become a basketball player. With a perfect 50 on each of his first two dunks, Lavine was the first player since Dwight Howard in 2009 with a perfect score on multiple dunks.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 26 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19430486", "chunk_text": "\"Bob Pettit\"\nhis 16.2 rebounds per game career average remains third only to Wilt Chamberlain and Bill Russell. Pettit was an NBA All-Star in each of his 11 seasons, was named to the All-NBA First Team ten times, and was named to the All-NBA Second Team once. Pettit still holds the top two NBA All-Star Game rebounding performances with 26 in 1958 and 27 in 1962, and has the second highest All-Star Game points per game average with 20.4 (behind only Oscar Robertson). Pettit averaged at least 20 points per game and at least 12 rebounds per game in each of his", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 27 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16611833", "chunk_text": "\"Player efficiency rating\"\nthis season. Hollinger has set up PER so that the league average, every season, is 15.00, which produces sort of a handy reference guide: Only 21 times has a player posted a season efficiency rating over 30.0 (with more than 15 games played in that season), with the highest score being 31.82 (Wilt Chamberlain). Michael Jordan and LeBron James lead with four 30+ seasons, with Shaquille O'Neal and Wilt Chamberlain having accomplished three each, and David Robinson, Dwyane Wade, Chris Paul, Tracy McGrady, Anthony Davis, Stephen Curry and Russell Westbrook having accomplished one each. The 2008–2009 season was unique in", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 28 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3215334", "chunk_text": "\"1988 NBA All-Star Game\"\n1988 NBA All-Star Game The 38th National Basketball Association All-Star Game was played on February 7, 1988, at Chicago Stadium in Chicago. The East won the game 138-133 and Michael Jordan (who scored a game-high 40 points) was named the game's MVP. The Eastern Conference team featured Jordan and Dominique Wilkins, who had faced each other the preceding night in the slam dunk contest, along with Boston Celtics trio Larry Bird, Danny Ainge and Kevin McHale, plus Patrick Ewing of the New York Knicks, Maurice Cheeks and Charles Barkley of the Philadelphia 76ers, Moses Malone of the Washington Bullets, Isiah", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 29 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18305431", "chunk_text": "\"2012 NBA All-Star Game\"\na hard foul to his face by Dwyane Wade. He was diagnosed after the game with a broken nose and a concussion. Bryant finished with 27 points and became the leading scorer in All-Star history (271), passing Michael Jordan (262). Wade had 24 points, 10 rebounds, and 10 assists, joining James and Jordan as the only players to record a triple-double in the All-Star game. The West set an All-Star record with 88 first-half points, and the teams' 157 combined points at the half was also a record. The 301 combined points at the end of the game were two", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 30 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18305433", "chunk_text": "\"2012 NBA All-Star Game\"\ntheir respective teams. Former NBA player and current TNT analyst Kenny Smith served as the \"\"Honorary Commissioner\"\" for the Rising Stars Challenge. Sophomore Jeremy Lin of the New York Knicks and rookie Norris Cole of the Miami Heat were two last-minute additions to the player pool. Sophomore Derrick Favors of the Utah Jazz was selected as an injury replacement for Tiago Splitter. Lin played only nine minutes in the game, at his request, due to exhaustion from his rise to stardom that month. Kyrie Irving, who scored 34 points on 8/8 three-point shooting, won the MVP award of the Rising", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 31 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18685776", "chunk_text": "\"Oscar Robertson\"\nplayer in NBA history to average a triple-double for an entire season, with 30.8 points, 12.5 rebounds and 11.4 assists. Robertson also set a then-NBA record for the most triple-doubles during the regular season with 41 triple-doubles; the record would stand for over half a century when, in 2016–17, Russell Westbrook recorded 42 and joined Robertson as the only other player to average a triple-double for an entire season. He broke the assists record by Bob Cousy, who had recorded 715 assists two seasons earlier, by logging 899. The Royals earned a playoff berth; however, they were eliminated in the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 32 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "175579", "chunk_text": "\"NBA Most Improved Player Award\"\nGiannis Antetokounmpo and Victor Oladipo have won the award and been selected as an NBA All-Star in the same season; Dale Ellis, Kevin Duckworth, Kevin Johnson, Gilbert Arenas, Zach Randolph and Goran Dragic were the other winners who were later selected to play in the All-Star Game. Only McGrady, O'Neal, George, Dragić, Antetokounmpo and Oladipo won the award and were named to the All-NBA Team in the same season. The Indiana Pacers and Orlando Magic have both seen five players win the award, the most in the NBA. Tracy McGrady is the first recipient of the award to be named", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 33 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12329018", "chunk_text": "\"Chris Paul\"\nPlayers Association, giving a strong recommendation to the executive committee responsible for filling the position. Chris Paul Christopher Emmanuel Paul (born May 6, 1985) is an American professional basketball player for the Houston Rockets of the National Basketball Association (NBA). He has won the NBA Rookie of the Year Award, an NBA All-Star Game Most Valuable Player Award, two Olympic gold medals, and led the NBA in assists four times and steals six times. He has also been selected to nine NBA All-Star teams, eight All-NBA teams, and nine NBA All-Defensive teams. Paul was a McDonald's All-American in high school.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 34 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11974902", "chunk_text": "\"2000 NBA All-Star Game\"\nthe Western Conference took the lead 99-97. The West started the fourth quarter with an 8-0 run that determined the win. The co-MVPs of the game (Shaquille O'Neal and Tim Duncan) combined for 46 points and 23 rebounds. It was the third time in All-Star Game history that two players won the MVP award. It also happened in 1959 (Bob Pettit and Elgin Baylor) and in 1993 (John Stockton and Karl Malone). O'Neal would later share an All-Star MVP award nine years later, this time with former Laker teammate Kobe Bryant, making him the only player to share All-Star MVP", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 35 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16745529", "chunk_text": "\"NBA All-Star Game\"\nfor a fan-selected starter, the all-star coach chooses the replacement in the starting lineup, and is not limited to the commissioner's addition to the roster. It is also possible for more than one All-Star to be selected from one team, but there has never been more than 4 All-Stars represent a team in the game. Most recently was the 2017 Golden State Warriors who had 4 players represent that team (Stephen Curry, Kevin Durant, Draymond Green, and Klay Thompson.) This has only occurred 8 times dating back to 1962 Boston Celtics and the 1962 Los Angeles Lakers. The Game is", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 36 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10663110", "chunk_text": "\"All-NBA Team\"\nand Dolph Schayes tied in votes received. From 1946 to 1955, players were selected without regard to position; however, since 1956, each team has consisted of two guards, two forwards, and one center. Kareem Abdul-Jabbar, Kobe Bryant and Tim Duncan hold the record for the most total selections with fifteen. Karl Malone, Shaquille O'Neal, and LeBron James follow with fourteen total honors, while Schayes, Bob Cousy, Jerry West, Hakeem Olajuwon, Dirk Nowitzki have twelve selections. James has the most All-NBA first team honors with twelve, while Malone and Bryant are tied for second-most with eleven. From the 1946–47 season to", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 37 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17960084", "chunk_text": "\"Ernie DiGregorio\"\n1999, he was elected to the National Italian American Sports Hall of Fame. Ernie DiGregorio Ernest DiGregorio (born January 15, 1951), also known as \"\"Ernie D.\"\", is an American former National Basketball Association player. He was the 1973–74 NBA Rookie of the Year and holds the NBA rookie record for assists in a single game with 25. Due to a severe knee injury suffered early in DiGregorio's professional career, he played only five NBA seasons. DiGregorio played on the 1968 Rhode Island (Class B) champions at North Providence High School. He and Marvin Barnes led Coach Dave Gavitt's Providence team", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 38 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "411275", "chunk_text": "\"2017 NBA All-Star Game\"\nnamed an all-star since Michael Redd in 2004. Giannis became the first Greek basketball player to participate in the all-star game. Stephen Curry of the Golden State Warriors and James Harden of the Houston Rockets were named to the starting backcourt in the West, earning their fourth and fifth all-star appearances, respectively. In the frontcourt, Kevin Durant of the Golden State Warriors was named to his eighth career all-star game, along with Kawhi Leonard of the San Antonio Spurs and Anthony Davis of the New Orleans Pelicans, their second and fourth all-star selections, respectively. The All-Star Game reserves were announced", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 39 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9544945", "chunk_text": "\"2012 NBA All-Star Game\"\nhis game-high 36 points in the first three quarters and was named the game's Most Valuable Player. LeBron James also scored 36. The West's lead was reduced to one point at 148–147 after a Deron Williams' steal and layup with 1:44 remaining. Leading 151–149, Blake Griffin secured the victory with a steal of a James' pass. Griffin was fouled and made one of two free throws with 1.1 seconds left. Kobe Bryant was guarding James on the pass and chastised James for not attempting a shot. Bryant left the game earlier in the third quarter after he was bloodied from", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 40 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8482219", "chunk_text": "\"2011 NBA All-Star Game\"\nscored 12 points and notched a record 22 assists, was named MVP. He is joined by his former Kentucky teammate DeMarcus Cousins, who scored a game-high 33 points and had 14 rebounds. James Harden, who was born in LA, led the Sophomores with 30 points and DeJuan Blair had 28 points and a game-high 15 rebounds. Rookie's Blake Griffin, who also participated in the Slam Dunk contest and the All-Star game, only played 13 minutes and had 14 points. Both teams started the first half strong; the Rookies only had a 2-point advantage at halftime. The game remained close in", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 41 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2438596", "chunk_text": "\"2016 NBA All-Star Game\"\nat 19 years old. Chris Bosh was announced as a first-time participant for the event, but he would be replaced by C. J. McCollum due to an injury before the event. Zach LaVine became the first back-to-back Slam Dunk Contest winner since Nate Robinson, edging out Aaron Gordon with four consecutive perfect scores in the final round. 2016 NBA All-Star Game The 2016 NBA All-Star Game was an exhibition basketball game that was played on February 14, 2016. It was the 65th NBA All-Star Game. The Western Conference won 196–173 over the Eastern Conference, and Russell Westbrook was named the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 42 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7442441", "chunk_text": "\"Mark Price\"\nat least 40% from three-point range, at least 50% from the field and at least 90% from the free throw line in a single season, and is still one of only seven players to have ever done this while also achieving the NBA league minimum number of makes in each category. Price ranked consistently among the assist leaders (as of March 11, 2015, LeBron James surpassed Price's Cavs record of 4,206 assists, taking over 1st place), twice won the Three Point Contest, and was a four-time All-Star. Price was named to the All-NBA First Team after the 1992–93 season. Price", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 43 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3679269", "chunk_text": "\"Sports in the United States\"\nErving (won MVP awards in both the ABA and NBA), Kareem Abdul-Jabbar (6 time MVP), Magic Johnson (3 time MVP), Larry Bird (3 time MVP), Michael Jordan (6 time finals MVP), John Stockton (#1 in career assists and steals), Karl Malone (14 time all NBA team), Kobe Bryant (NBA's third all-time leading scorer), Tim Duncan (15-time NBA all-star), Shaquille O'Neal (3 time finals MVP) and Jason Kidd (#2 in career assists and steals). Notable players in the NBA today include LeBron James (4 MVP awards), Stephen Curry (2 time MVP), Dwyane Wade (10 time all-star), and Kevin Durant (MVP, 4", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 44 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16745534", "chunk_text": "\"NBA All-Star Game\"\nBeyoncé, Mariah Carey, OutKast, Alicia Keys, Shakira, Rihanna, Nicki Minaj, Kendrick Lamar, Christina Aguilera, Pharrell Williams, Migos, and John Legend. This is a list of each All-Star Game, the venue at which it was played, and the Game MVP. Parenthesized numbers indicate multiple times that venue, city, or player has occurred as of that instance (e.g. \"\"Michael Jordan (2)\"\" in 1996 indicates that was his second All-Star MVP award). , the Eastern Conference leads with a record of 38 wins and 29 losses. Note: Stadium names are named based on the name at the day of the All-Star Game. The", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 45 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11634954", "chunk_text": "\"2018 NBA All-Star Game\"\n2018 NBA All-Star Game The 2018 NBA All-Star Game was the 67th edition of an exhibition basketball game that was played on February 18, 2018. It was held at Staples Center in Los Angeles, home of the Los Angeles Lakers and Los Angeles Clippers. It was the sixth time that Los Angeles had hosted the All-Star Game and the first time since 2011. Team LeBron won against Team Stephen 148-145. The MVP of the game was LeBron James, scoring 29 points, 10 rebounds, 8 assists, winning his third NBA All-Star Game Most Valuable Player (MVP) award. The game was televised", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 46 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20551901", "chunk_text": "\"Russell Westbrook\"\nregularly creates good scoring opportunities for his teammates, resulting in him averaging over seven assists per game for his career. Westbrook is widely recognized as one of the best all-around players in the NBA, having recorded 120 triple-doubles over his career (112 regular season, 8 playoff). His 112 regular season triple-doubles is ranked third-most all-time and his eight playoff triple-doubles is tied for seventh-most all-time. Forty-two of his 112 regular season triple-doubles came during the 2016–17 season, breaking Oscar Robertson's single-season record of 41, a record he set during the 1961–62 season. He subsequently joined Robertson as the only players", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 47 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3215338", "chunk_text": "\"1989 NBA All-Star Game\"\n1989 NBA All-Star Game The 39th National Basketball Association All-Star Game was held at Houston, Texas on February 12, 1989. The game's most valuable player was Karl Malone. The east was composed of Mark Jackson, Kevin McHale, Michael Jordan, Patrick Ewing, Moses Malone, Charles Barkley, Isiah Thomas, Dominique Wilkins, Mark Price, Terry Cummings, Larry Nance and Brad Daugherty. The west was led by the Utah Jazz trio of Karl Malone, John Stockton and Mark Eaton; the Lakers' James Worthy, Kareem Abdul-Jabbar, Clyde Drexler, Alex English, Chris Mullin, Akeem Olajuwon, Tom Chambers, Dale Ellis and Kevin Duckworth. The game set a", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 48 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1295855", "chunk_text": "\"2001 NBA All-Star Game\"\nsize. Iverson sparked the comeback scoring 15 of his 25 points in the final nine minutes of the game. Stephon Marbury also helped the East by hitting two three-pointers in the final 53 seconds, including one with 28 seconds left, which proved to be the game-winner. Kobe Bryant scored the most points for the West squad (19 points), which led by as much as twenty-one points before the team squandered the lead. Bryant, the NBA's leading scorer at the time, could have taken the last shot; instead, he threw a pass that resulted in a last-second miss by Tim Duncan.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 49 } ]
test_3499	who is the cast of the new tomb raider movie?	n/a	[ "Alicia Vikander as Lara Croft" ]	[]	n/a	n/a	n/a	[]	[ { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12387644", "chunk_text": "\"Tomb Raider (film)\"\nTomb Raider (film) Tomb Raider is a 2018 action-adventure film directed by Roar Uthaug, with a screenplay by Geneva Robertson-Dworet and Alastair Siddons, from a story by Evan Daugherty and Robertson-Dworet. An American and British co-production, it is based on the 2013 video game of the same name, with some elements of its sequel by Crystal Dynamics, and is a reboot of the \"\"Tomb Raider\"\" film series. The film stars Alicia Vikander as Lara Croft, who embarks on a perilous journey to her father's last-known destination, hoping to solve the mystery of his disappearance. Dominic West, Walton Goggins, Daniel Wu,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 0 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16345400", "chunk_text": "\"Tomb Raider (film)\"\nshe prepares for her next adventure. Additionally, Nick Frost plays a pawn shop owner and Jaime Winstone his wife. Hannah John-Kamen and Antonio Aakeel play Lara's friends. Duncan Airlie James plays Terry, a mixed martial arts club operator. Josef Altin portrays Bruce, Lara's boss, Billy Postlethwaite and Roger Nsengiyumva appear as Bill and Rog, Lara's co-workers and opponents at the race and Michael Obiora portrays Baxter, the Croft Holdings' receptionist. GK Films first acquired the rights to make the film in 2011. Norwegian director Roar Uthaug came on board in November 2015, and Alicia Vikander was announced as the new", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 1 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12387645", "chunk_text": "\"Tomb Raider (film)\"\nand Kristin Scott Thomas appear in supporting roles. Principal photography took place from January to June 2017 at the Warner Bros. Studios in the United Kingdom, and in Cape Town, South Africa. The first \"\"Tomb Raider\"\" film not to be distributed by Paramount Pictures, it was released in the United Kingdom on March 14, 2018, and in the United States on March 16, 2018, by Warner Bros. Pictures, in RealD 3D, IMAX 3D, IMAX and 4DX. The film grossed $273 million worldwide, just below the $274 million made by Angelina Jolie's but more than its . The film received mixed", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 2 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16263342", "chunk_text": "\"Lara Croft: Tomb Raider\"\nVikander as Lara Croft with Roar Uthaug directing. It was released March 16, 2018. \"\"Lara Croft: Tomb Raider\"\" was released on DVD and VHS on November 13, 2001; a Blu-Ray release followed on June 3, 2008. A 4K UHD Blu-Ray release followed on February 27, 2018. Lara Croft: Tomb Raider Lara Croft: Tomb Raider (also known as simply Tomb Raider) is a 2001 action-adventure film based on the \"\"Tomb Raider\"\" video game series featuring the character Lara Croft, portrayed by Angelina Jolie. An international co-production between the United States, the United Kingdom, Japan and Germany, it was directed by Simon", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 3 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12387666", "chunk_text": "\"Tomb Raider (film)\"\nin returning as Lara Croft for a second film, stating that \"\"If there's an audience out there for it, then I would love to\"\". In 2015, Adrian Askarieh, producer of the \"\"Hitman\"\" films, stated that he hoped to oversee a shared universe of Square Enix films with \"\"Just Cause\"\", \"\"Hitman\"\", \"\"Tomb Raider\"\", \"\"Deus Ex\"\", and \"\"Thief\"\", but admitted that he does not have the rights to \"\"Tomb Raider\"\". Tomb Raider (film) Tomb Raider is a 2018 action-adventure film directed by Roar Uthaug, with a screenplay by Geneva Robertson-Dworet and Alastair Siddons, from a story by Evan Daugherty and Robertson-Dworet. An", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 4 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13688784", "chunk_text": "\"Tomb Raider (film)\"\nLara Croft in April 2016. \"\"Deadline Hollywood\"\" had previously reported that Daisy Ridley was considered for the role, though she later stated in an interview that it was just a \"\"crazy rumor.\"\" Walton Goggins was announced to play the villain in December 2016, and much of the rest of the cast was revealed in early 2017. Principal photography on the film began on January 23, 2017, in Cape Town, South Africa, and ended on June 9, 2017, at Warner Bros. Studios, Leavesden. Wilton House near Salisbury in Wiltshire was the location for exterior shots for Croft Manor. The waterfall sequence", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 5 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8605875", "chunk_text": "\"Tomb Raider (2013 video game)\"\nfor Xbox One and Xbox 360, and 28 January 2016 for Microsoft Windows. The PlayStation 4 version was released on 11 October 2016, titled the 20 Year Celebration, as it was released 20 years after the original \"\"Tomb Raider\"\" game. This version includes all of the previously released DLC. The 2018 \"\"Tomb Raider\"\" reboot film adaptation, directed by Roar Uthaug, is in part based on the video game. Alicia Vikander, who portrays Lara Croft, was cast alongside actors Daniel Wu and Walton Goggins. Graham King, producer of the film, stated that the plot would focus on Lara Croft's search for", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 6 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13636862", "chunk_text": "\"Lara Croft: Tomb Raider\"\nLara Croft: Tomb Raider Lara Croft: Tomb Raider (also known as simply Tomb Raider) is a 2001 action-adventure film based on the \"\"Tomb Raider\"\" video game series featuring the character Lara Croft, portrayed by Angelina Jolie. An international co-production between the United States, the United Kingdom, Japan and Germany, it was directed by Simon West and revolves around Lara Croft trying to obtain ancient artifacts from the Illuminati. The film was released on June 15, 2001, and received generally negative reviews from critics for its stylized action and bland plot, although Angelina Jolie was praised for her performance. \"\"Tomb Raider\"\"", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 7 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15512375", "chunk_text": "\"Lara Croft\"\nyoung Croft in an origin story. In 2011, Olivia Wilde denied rumours that she would play the role, but still expressed interest. The film, originally meant for a 2013 release, is to be produced by Graham King, written by Marti Noxon and produced by Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer in partnership with King's studio GK Films. On 28 April 2016, it was announced that Alicia Vikander would be playing Lara in the next film adaptation. \"\"Tomb Raider\"\", directed by Roar Uthaug, was released in 2018 and takes inspiration mostly from the rebooted series that started in 2013. Lara Croft's 1996 debut is often cited", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 8 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4219029", "chunk_text": "\"Lara Croft: Tomb Raider – The Cradle of Life\"\nLara Croft: Tomb Raider – The Cradle of Life Lara Croft: Tomb Raider – The Cradle of Life is a 2003 action-adventure film based on the \"\"Tomb Raider\"\" video game series. Angelina Jolie stars as the titular Lara Croft character with supporting performances from Gerard Butler, Ciarán Hinds, Chris Barrie, Noah Taylor, Til Schweiger, Djimon Hounsou and Simon Yam. An international co-production between the United States, the United Kingdom, Germany and Japan, the film was directed by Jan de Bont and is a sequel to the 2001 film \"\"\"\". \"\"The Cradle of Life\"\" received mostly negative reviews, though critics noted", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 9 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1993877", "chunk_text": "\"Lara Croft: Tomb Raider – The Cradle of Life\"\nit as an improvement on its predecessor, particularly in the action sequences, and continued to praise Jolie's performance as Lara Croft. Despite this, it did not repeat its box office performance, grossing $156 million compared to the previous installment's $275 million. It was still a financial success, and plans were made for a sequel, which were cancelled when Jolie declined to reprise her role as Croft. The series was rebooted in 2018 with Alicia Vikander taking over the title role. On Santorini island, Greece, a strong earthquake uncovers the Luna Temple. The temple was built by Alexander the Great to", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 10 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16263330", "chunk_text": "\"Lara Croft: Tomb Raider\"\nfurther $65 million. Showtime paid $6.8 million for premium cable television rights. In total, $94 million was put together. The deal between Eidos, \"\"Tomb Raider\"\"s publisher, and Paramount Pictures was structured so Eidos received royalties. The announcement of the film generated significant discussion about who would be cast to play Lara Croft. Numerous actresses (and non-actresses) were rumoured to be on the shortlist to play her and countless others declared their interest in the role, most notably Jennifer Love Hewitt, Famke Janssen, Jennifer Lopez, Rhona Mitra, Elizabeth Hurley, Ashley Judd, Sandra Bullock, Catherine Zeta-Jones, Diane Lane, Demi Moore and Denise", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 11 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2607936", "chunk_text": "\"Tomb Raider\"\nCroft has been voiced by five actresses in the video game series: Shelley Blond, Judith Gibbens, Jonell Elliot, Keeley Hawes, and Camilla Luddington. In other media, Croft was also voiced by Minnie Driver in the animated series and portrayed by Angelina Jolie and Alicia Vikander in feature films. Multiple models and body doubles have also portrayed Croft in promotional material up until the reboot in 2013. Eight different real-life models have also portrayed her at promotional events. The circumstances of her first adventures, along with the drive behind her adventures, differ depending on the continuity. In the original continuities, she", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 12 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17461708", "chunk_text": "\"Tomb Raider (soundtrack)\"\nTomb Raider (soundtrack) Tomb Raider – Original Motion Picture Soundtrack is the film score to the 2018 film of the same name, based on the 2013 video game of the same name by Crystal Dynamics. The music was composed by Tom Holkenborg and was recorded at AIR Studios in London. The soundtrack was released digitally on 9 March 2018 by Sony Classical Records with the vinyl being released on 24 August 2018. Tom Holkenborg signed on as the film's composer after being removed from Justice League in which Danny Elfman took over. On creating the sound for Tomb Raider, Holkenborg", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 13 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20511178", "chunk_text": "\"Shadow of the Tomb Raider\"\nmore tombs than the previous installments in the reboot series. Players will now have the option to tailor their gameplay experience as exploration, puzzles and combat have their own difficulty settings. A new Immersion Mode enables players to hear the background conversations of the locals in their native languages; when turned off the conversations are made in the players' chosen voice over language. In the two months since \"\"Rise of the Tomb Raider\"\", Lara Croft (Camilla Luddington) and her friend Jonah Maiava (Earl Baylon) have dedicated themselves to stopping the activities of paramilitary organization Trinity. The two track a cell", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 14 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20635859", "chunk_text": "\"The Mummy (2017 film)\"\nThe Mummy (2017 film) The Mummy is a 2017 American action-adventure film directed by Alex Kurtzman and written by David Koepp, Christopher McQuarrie and Dylan Kussman, with a story by Kurtzman, Jon Spaihts and Jenny Lumet. It is a reboot of \"\"The Mummy\"\" franchise and the first installment in Universal's planned \"\"Dark Universe\"\" franchise. The film stars Tom Cruise as a US soldier who accidentally unearths the ancient tomb of an entrapped Egyptian princess (Sofia Boutella). Annabelle Wallis, Jake Johnson, Courtney B. Vance and Russell Crowe also star. \"\"The Mummy\"\" premiered at the State Theatre in Sydney, Australia on May", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 15 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16263341", "chunk_text": "\"Lara Croft: Tomb Raider\"\nthe opening track includes both the Main Titles and Lara Croft at Home cues together. The resulting score was so poorly received that the composer himself issued an apology through his website. The track list was later revised. Angelina Jolie returned in the sequel \"\"\"\". While it was viewed as a critical improvement over its predecessor, it did not repeat its financial success, grossing $156 million compared to the previous installment's $274 million. GK Films first acquired the rights to reboot the film in 2011. In April 2016, MGM and GK Films announced a reboot of the film starring Alicia", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 16 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17626653", "chunk_text": "\"Alicia Vikander\"\nand a Critics' Choice Movie Award. In 2016, Vikander was listed by \"\"Forbes\"\" in its 30 Under 30 list. She has since held a supporting role in the action film \"\"Jason Bourne\"\" (2016) and starred as Lara Croft in the adventure film \"\"Tomb Raider\"\" (2018). Vikander was born in Gothenburg, the daughter of Maria Fahl Vikander, a stage actress, and Svante Vikander, a psychiatrist. Her parents are from small villages in the north and south of Sweden, respectively. They separated when Vikander was two months old, and she was mostly raised by her single mother. She has five half-siblings on", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 17 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "528770", "chunk_text": "\"Tomb Raider (film)\"\n16, 2018, and made $12.3 million the first day. It was the fifth-highest-grossing day for a Warner Bros. film, opening 6% higher than \"\"Wonder Woman\"\", and went on to debut to $41 million. , the film's largest markets were China ($78.4 million), the United Kingdom ($10.4 million), France ($10.1 million), and the CIS countries ($7.5 million). On review aggregation website Rotten Tomatoes, the film holds an approval rating of 51% based on 274 reviews, and an average rating of 5.4/10. The website's critical consensus reads, \"\"\"\"Tomb Raider\"\" reboots the franchise with a more grounded approach and a star who's clearly", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 18 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16263334", "chunk_text": "\"Lara Croft: Tomb Raider\"\nDwarf\"\". Iain Glen, a Scot, adopted an English accent as Powell, while English actor Daniel Craig adopts an American accent for the role of Alex West. Jolie, being American herself, takes on an English accent. Jon Voight, Angelina Jolie's father, plays Richard Croft, Lara's father in the film. Principal photography for \"\"Lara Croft: Tomb Raider\"\" took place from July 30 to November 30, 2000. Portions of the film were shot on location at the Ta Prohm temple, located in Angkor, Siem Reap Province, Cambodia. The film was the first major motion picture to be shot in Cambodia since \"\"Lord Jim\"\"", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 19 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6099325", "chunk_text": "\"Rise of the Tomb Raider\"\nthe Tomb Raider\"\" more difficult to write than the 2013 reboot, figuring out Lara's initial mental state and character introduction. Its cast was significantly smaller than the reboot, so more screen time could be given to each character. To help establish the game's tone and visuals, Crystal Dynamics developed a \"\"rippomatic\"\" (a collection of movie scenes). Films included \"\"\"\", which inspired the team about the game's stealth mechanic; \"\"\"\", whose protagonist (Sarah Connor) and Lara Croft are \"\"burdened with a truth that no one believes\"\". \"\"The Edge\"\" and \"\"The Grey\"\" inspired game scenes in which Lara fought bears and wolves.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 20 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16378201", "chunk_text": "\"Camilla Luddington\"\nCamilla Luddington Camilla Luddington (born 15 December 1983) is an English actress, known for her roles as Kate Middleton in the Lifetime TV film \"\"\"\" (2011) and as Jo Karev (Wilson) in the ABC medical drama \"\"Grey's Anatomy\"\". She provided the voice and motion capture work for the main character Lara Croft in three video games in the \"\"Tomb Raider\"\" series, the 2013 reboot and its sequels \"\"Rise of the Tomb Raider\"\" (2015) and \"\"Shadow of the Tomb Raider\"\" (2018). Luddington was born in Ascot, Berkshire, on 15 December 1983. She later attended the American School in England at Thorpe,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 21 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20196483", "chunk_text": "\"Alicia Vikander\"\nthe adaptation of the novel \"\"The Light Between Oceans\"\" (2016), directed by Derek Cianfrance, with Michael Fassbender and Rachel Weisz. The film was released in the United States by Touchstone Pictures on 2 September 2016. Vikander portrayed Lara Croft in the action reboot film \"\"Tomb Raider\"\", which was released on 16 March 2018. Vikander previously lived in North London. In late 2014, she began a relationship with actor Michael Fassbender, in which they made their first public appearance together at the 2016 Golden Globes, where Vikander was nominated twice—for her roles in \"\"The Danish Girl\"\" (2015) and \"\"Ex Machina\"\" (2015).", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 22 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12387662", "chunk_text": "\"Tomb Raider (film)\"\nguests and cosplaying fans. It was released in the United States on March 16, 2018, by Warner Bros. Pictures, days after the fifth anniversary of the franchise's video game reboot. The film received an IMAX 3D and a RealD 3D release. It also received an 4DX release in selected countries. Outside the US, the film was released in most territories between March 8–16, 2018, in Japan on March 21, 2018, and in Poland on April 6, 2018. \"\"Tomb Raider\"\" was released on digital streaming platforms on May 29, 2018. A 4K UHD Blu-Ray, Blu-ray and DVD release occurred on June", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 23 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6987628", "chunk_text": "\"Lara Croft: Tomb Raider\"\nwas the highest-grossing film on its opening weekend. A sequel, titled \"\"\"\", was released in 2003. In pursuit of a diamond, Lara Croft (Angelina Jolie) battles a large robot in an Egyptian tomb; she disables it by ripping out its circuits. The diamond, revealed to be a memory card, is inserted into a laptop computer inside the robot to play music. The fight took place in a practice area of Lara's home and the robot was programmed by her technical assistant Bryce (Noah Taylor) to challenge her in combat. The first phase of a planetary alignment, culminating in a solar", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 24 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12387661", "chunk_text": "\"Tomb Raider (film)\"\ninvolving the plane was filmed at a waterpark at Lee Valley, outside of London, at a venue that had been built for the 2012 Summer Olympics, and was combined with footage filmed in South Africa. On September 11, 2017, It was announced that Junkie XL signed on as the film's composer after being removed from Justice League. The soundtrack was released in digital and physical formats on March 9, 2018 by Sony Classical Records with the Vinyl being released later on August 24, 2018. \"\"Tomb Raider\"\" premiered on March 2, 2018, in Berlin, Germany, at an exclusive preview with invited", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 25 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5076842", "chunk_text": "\"Geneva Robertson-Dworet\"\n\"\"Silver & Black—\"\"a team-up movie about the Spider-Man characters Black Cat and Silver Sable—with Lindsey Beer, the film has been removed from Sony's production schedule and the project's future is unclear. Robertson-Dworet is a 2007 graduate of Harvard College. She wrote for \"\"The Harvard Lampoon\"\" during her time there. She is married to writer Hayes Davenport. Geneva Robertson-Dworet Geneva Robertson-Dworet is an American screenwriter. Robertson-Dworet rose to prominence after being hired in 2015 to rewrite the script for \"\"Tomb Raider\"\" (2018), starring Alicia Vikander and directed by Roar Uthaug. In August 2017, she was set to write the screenplay for", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 26 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14566112", "chunk_text": "\"Guardians of the Tomb\"\nTomb\"\" opened in China on January 19, 2018. Previously titled \"\"Nest\"\", it placed fourth at the box office on the Friday of its opening week, with $3.22 million, and eventually reached a three-day total of $6.11 million. Guardians of the Tomb Guardians of the Tomb is a 2018 Australian-Chinese science fiction horror thriller film directed and written by Kimble Rendall, starring Li Bingbing, Kellan Lutz, Kelsey Grammer and Wu Chun. It is the largest co-production to date between China and Australia. The film was released on January 19, 2018. A team of scientists lose a colleague in an ancient labyrinth", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 27 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15512371", "chunk_text": "\"Lara Croft\"\nlife stand-ins\"\" in 2008. Paramount Pictures acquired the film rights for \"\"Tomb Raider\"\" in 1998, which was released as \"\"\"\" in 2001. Producer Lloyd Levin stated that the film makers tried to capture the essence of the video game elements rather than duplicate them. Acknowledging the character's \"\"huge fan base\"\" and recognisable appearance, director Simon West sought an actress with acting ability as well as physical attributes similar to Croft. Paramount also received input from developer Core Design on casting. Rumoured actresses included Pamela Anderson, Demi Moore, Jeri Ryan and Carla Pivonski. Academy Award-winning actress Angelina Jolie was eventually cast", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 28 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13688787", "chunk_text": "\"Tomb Raider (film)\"\n12, 2018. Australia received a DVD and Blu-Ray release on June 18, 2018. \"\"Tomb Raider\"\" grossed $57.4 million in the United States and Canada, and $216.1 million in other territories, for a worldwide total of $273.5 million, against a production budget in the range of $90–106 million. In order to break even, the film needed to gross at least $275 million worldwide. In the United States and Canada, \"\"Tomb Raider\"\" was released alongside \"\"Love, Simon\"\" and \"\"I Can Only Imagine\"\", and was projected to gross $23–29 million from 3,854 theaters in its opening weekend. The film made $9.1 million on", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 29 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "102440", "chunk_text": "\"Lara Croft\"\nthe character for subsequent titles, which included graphical improvements and gameplay additions. American developer Crystal Dynamics took over the series after the 2003 sequel \"\"\"\" was received poorly. The new developer rebooted the character along with the video game series. The company altered her physical proportions, and gave her additional ways of interacting with game environments. Croft has been voiced by six actresses in the video game series: Shelley Blond (1996), Judith Gibbins (1997–98), Jonell Elliott (1999–2003), Keeley Hawes (2006–14), Camilla Luddington (2013–present), and Abigail Stahlschmidt (2015). Lara Croft has further appeared in video game spin-offs, printed adaptations, a series", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 30 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14591469", "chunk_text": "\"Asian Americans in arts and entertainment\"\nprojects. Jacob Batalon, a Filipino-American actor, starred as Ned in \"\"\"\". Kumail Nanjiani, a Pakistani American actor, starred as the eponymous male lead in \"\"The Big Sick\"\", a film which he also co-wrote. Hong Chau received nominations for Best Supporting Actress from the Golden Globes and Screen Actors Guild for her role of Ngoc Lan Tran in \"\"Downsizing\"\". Kelly Marie Tran and Veronica Ngo, both of Vietnamese descent, starred in the space opera \"\"\"\" as Rose Tico and Paige Tico, respectively. In 2018, Daniel Wu was the male lead in \"\"Tomb Raider\"\", a first for a franchise in Hollywood. John", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 31 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19214175", "chunk_text": "\"Antonio Aakeel\"\nAntonio Aakeel Antonio Aakeel is an English actor. He was named by Screen International as a 2018 Star of Tomorrow for his leading role in \"\"Eaten by Lions\"\". He is known for appearing in \"\"Tomb Raider\"\" and the BAFTA award-winning series \"\"Three Girls\"\". Aakeel was also cast alongside Riz Ahmed in the 2016 thriller \"\"City of Tiny Lights\"\". Aakeel was born in Wolverhampton, England, and moved around the West Midlands as a child. He caught the acting bug after being given a one-line role in a school nativity play and went on to hone his craft through local theatre, before", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 32 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16263335", "chunk_text": "\"Lara Croft: Tomb Raider\"\nin 1964, following the country's occupation by the Khmer Rouge regime. In addition to on-location shooting, a majority of the film's production also took place on the 007 Stage at Pinewood Studios. The film received generally negative reviews, earning a 20% approval rating on Rotten Tomatoes, with 31 out of 157 critics giving it a positive review with an average rating of 3.9/10. The general consensus is \"\"Angelina Jolie is perfect for the role of Lara Croft, but even she can't save the movie from a senseless plot and action sequences with no emotional impact\"\". IGN gave the movie the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 33 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16421965", "chunk_text": "\"Tomb Raider: Legend\"\nthe team were happy with because of his role in her creation. Among the changes he implemented were an entirely new outfit and changing Lara's braided hair for a ponytail design. When redesigning her figure, Gard wanted to keep Lara's caricatured female figure while focusing on realistic bone and muscle structure. Despite the redesigns, Gard did not feel that Lara's persona had changed much from his initial vision, but was represented more clearly to players. Lara's voice actress was recast. Keeley Hawes, a British movie and television actress known for her work on \"\"Spooks\"\", replaced Jonell Elliot who had voiced", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 34 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14123216", "chunk_text": "\"Tomb Raider: Underworld\"\nkhaki shorts, but instead, a dark brown halter top and black shorts. Additionally, her hair is no longer braided, but worn in a ponytail. According to \"\"Play\"\", Lara \"\"moves as good as she looks [and] no longer moves like a video game character\"\" due to her being fully motion captured. Olympic gymnast and NCAA Women's Gymnastics champion Heidi Moneymaker was the model used for motion capturing. Keeley Hawes provided the voice of Lara in this instalment, as she did in \"\"Anniversary\"\" and \"\"Legend\"\". Gymnast Alison Carroll was selected as the new official Lara Croft model to promote the game, replacing", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 35 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10263106", "chunk_text": "\"Emily Carey\"\nEmily Carey Emily Carey (born 30 April 2003) is a British actress. She is perhaps best known for her role of Grace Beauchamp in BBC One's \"\"Casualty\"\", which she played from 2014 to 2017. Carey also played the young Diana Prince (Wonder Woman), portrayed by Gal Gadot as an adult, in the Warner Brothers movie \"\"Wonder Woman\"\" (2017). She appeared as a young Lara Croft in the \"\"Tomb Raider\"\" reboot film, released in March 2018. Other notable work includes Mary Conan Doyle in the series \"\"Houdini and Doyle\"\" on FOX/ITV, and West End Theatre roles in \"\"Shrek The Musical\"\" at", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 36 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16263331", "chunk_text": "\"Lara Croft: Tomb Raider\"\nRichards, with many considering the latter the favourite to win the role. British glamour models Linsey Dawn McKenzie and Jordan were also rumored by some tabloids be in the running for the part. The casting of Jolie was controversial among many fans of the \"\"Tomb Raider\"\" series, who felt she wasn't physically appropriate enough to play the large-breasted heroine; others complained about an American actress being hired to play a British character; others cited Jolie's tattoos and well-publicised controversial personal life. Director Simon West dismissed these concerns and said, in reference to Jolie's penchant for sexual knife play, \"\"it was", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 37 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5624586", "chunk_text": "\"Karima Adebibe\"\ntraining in Lara Croft's trademark skills, from martial arts to elocution. She retired from the role of Lara Croft in 2008. Adebibe was featured in \"\"The HOT List\"\" in a March 2006 issue of \"\"Zoo\"\". She had previously had a small role as a sacrificial maiden in the 2004 film \"\"Alien vs. Predator\"\". She appeared in the film \"\"Frontier Blues\"\" in 2009. Karima Adebibe Karima Adebibe (also known as Karima McAdams) (born 14 February 1985) is a Moroccan-English actress and fashion model. Adebibe was born in Bethnal Green, in Tower Hamlets, London, England but grew up in Tangier before moving", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 38 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13636865", "chunk_text": "\"Lara Croft: Tomb Raider\"\nticking. Lara finds the clock and Bryce discovers a strange device hidden inside. Lara consults a clock expert friend of her father's, Wilson (Leslie Phillips), who claims no knowledge of the clock or the Triangle when Lara mentions a possible connection. Wilson gives Lara's name to Powell in regards of the clock. After an auction, Lara meets Alex West (Daniel Craig), an American adventurer and fellow tomb raider known for his unscrupulous methods and for-profit attitude. Lara shows Powell photographs of the clock; she later points out to Bryce that Powell was lying about his knowledge. That night, armed commandos", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 39 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1668876", "chunk_text": "\"Tomb Raider (2013 video game)\"\nbe published by Square Enix, after the latter's acquisition of Eidos Interactive in 2009. Camilla Luddington was announced to voice and perform as Lara Croft in 2010, replacing Keeley Hawes. After a delayed release from late 2012 to March 2013, \"\"Tomb Raider\"\" received much anticipation and hype. Upon release, the game received critical acclaim, with critics praising the graphics, the gameplay, Luddington's performance as Lara, and Lara's characterization and development, although the addition of a multiplayer mode was not well received and some reviewers directed criticism towards the disconnection between the narrative and the player's actions during gameplay. \"\"Tomb Raider\"\"", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 40 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12387646", "chunk_text": "\"Tomb Raider (film)\"\nreviews from critics, with some describing the plot as \"\"paint-by-numbers\"\", and others praising the action sequences, tone, grittiness and realistic take on the franchise. Vikander's performance was highly praised but the characterization of Croft drew a polarized response; some described her as a \"\"capable, powerful, and unobjectified heroine\"\", while others called her bland, and a \"\"punching bag and onlooker.\"\" Following the disappearance of her father, Lord Richard Croft, Lara Croft makes a living as a bike courier. When she is arrested after a bike accident involving a police car, Richard's business partner Ana Miller posts her bail. After never claiming", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 41 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "876413", "chunk_text": "\"Lara Croft\"\nconsiderable freedom to re-interpret the character; they did not consult the video game designers, but were given a guide listing acceptable and unacceptable practices. Development for a third movie was announced in 2009. Producer Graham King planned to release the film in 2013. This eventual reboot of the film franchise, titled \"\"Tomb Raider\"\", was released on 16 March 2018. Core Design, a subsidiary of Eidos, created Lara Croft as the lead protagonist of its video game \"\"Tomb Raider\"\", which began development in 1993. Lead graphic artist Toby Gard went through about five designs before arriving at the character's final appearance.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 42 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18134987", "chunk_text": "\"Mission: Impossible – Fallout\"\nMission: Impossible – Fallout Mission: Impossible – Fallout is a 2018 American action spy film written, produced, and directed by Christopher McQuarrie. It is the sixth installment in the , and the second film to be directed by McQuarrie following the 2015 film \"\"\"\". The cast includes Tom Cruise, Ving Rhames, Simon Pegg, Rebecca Ferguson, Sean Harris, Michelle Monaghan, and Alec Baldwin, all of whom reprise their roles from previous films, along with Henry Cavill, Vanessa Kirby, and Angela Bassett, who join the franchise. In the film, Ethan Hunt (Cruise) and his team must track down missing plutonium stolen to", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 43 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15187949", "chunk_text": "\"Shelley Blond\"\nShelley Blond Shelley Blond (born 25 March 1970) is an English actress, voice actress, television presenter, and author. Shelley Blond was the first voice-actress for Lara Croft, lending her voice to the Croft character in the classic \"\"Tomb Raider\"\" game. \"\"The New York Times\"\" claimed her dulcet tones were \"\"sexier than Kathleen Turner as Jessica Rabbit\"\". She was also several character voices in the computer game \"\"Black & White\"\". Shelley Blond appeared in \"\"Cold Feet\"\" as character Geraldine Hughes; as Michelle, Jez's girlfriend, in \"\"Peep Show\"\"; and the television film \"\"Cruise of the Gods\"\" as PA Romy as well as", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 44 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18206500", "chunk_text": "\"The Lego Movie\"\na shortage of Lego products by September 2014. Because of its critical and commercial success, \"\"The Lego Movie\"\" has been turned into a franchise and a shared fictional universe, it consists of: A direct sequel to the film, entitled \"\"\"\", is scheduled for release on February 8, 2019 with Chris Pratt, Elizabeth Banks and Will Arnett reprising their roles of Emmet, Wyldstyle and Batman respectively and Tiffany Haddish joining the cast. There are two spin-off films, the first two of which, \"\"The Lego Batman Movie\"\" and \"\"The Lego Ninjago Movie\"\", were both released in 2017. A third spin-off titled \"\"The", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 45 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4219031", "chunk_text": "\"Lara Croft: Tomb Raider – The Cradle of Life\"\nhouse his most prized treasures. Among these treasures is a glowing orb with a pattern resembling a code etched into it. Lara Croft (Angelina Jolie) finds this orb; but crime lord Chen Lo (Simon Yam) attacks her group, kills her two companions and takes the orb. Lara escapes with a strange medallion. MI6 approaches Lara with information about Pandora's box, an object from ancient legends that supposedly contains a deadly plague (the companion to the origin of life itself). The box, hidden in the mysterious Cradle of Life, can only be found with a magical sphere that serves as a", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 46 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3909796", "chunk_text": "\"Jill de Jong\"\nJill de Jong Jill de Jong, also known as Jildou de Jong (born February 17, 1982) is a Dutch model and actress. Born in Hoogeveen, Drenthe. On March 21, 2002 she was selected by Eidos Interactive as the Lara Croft character model for the Tomb Raider video game series. She began her career as a model at the age of fifteen after winning a modeling contest in the Netherlands. Over the past ten years she became a respected and successful top model, shooting TV and print campaigns for big brand names such as, Ralph Lauren, Escada, Redken, Izod, St. Yves,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 47 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18507357", "chunk_text": "\"Shadow of the Tomb Raider\"\nShadow of the Tomb Raider Shadow of the Tomb Raider is an action-adventure video game developed by Eidos Montréal in conjunction with Crystal Dynamics and published by Square Enix. It continues the narrative from the 2015 game \"\"Rise of the Tomb Raider\"\" and is the twelfth mainline entry in the \"\"Tomb Raider\"\" series. The game was released worldwide on 14 September 2018 for Microsoft Windows, PlayStation 4 and Xbox One, with a further release on macOS and Linux set for 2019. Set shortly after the events of \"\"Rise of the Tomb Raider\"\", its story follows Lara Croft as she ventures", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 48 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11125835", "chunk_text": "\"The Modern Amazons\"\nthe iconic Raquel Welch in the prehistoric adventure fantasy One Million Years BC in the \"\"fur bikinis and jungle love\"\" chapter, to the blaxploitation films (\"\"Coffy, Foxy Brown\"\", and \"\"Sheba, Baby\"\") made famous by Pam Grier, the first African-American woman to play a warrior woman within the action movie genre . Included also is Lucy Lawless' six-season portrayal of \"\"\"\"; Angelina Jolie as Lara Croft in two \"\"Tomb Raider\"\" movies; Sigourney Weaver as Ripley in the sci-fi \"\"Alien\"\" adventures, and all the various women who have played vampire slayers, superheroes (and villains), as well as assorted television, cartoon, comics, and", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 49 } ]

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