Split (1)

test · 3.61k rows

interaction_id stringlengths 6 9	query stringlengths 26 101	query_time stringclasses 1 value	answer listlengths 1 23	alt_ans listlengths 0 0	domain stringclasses 1 value	question_type stringclasses 1 value	static_or_dynamic stringclasses 1 value	search_results listlengths 0 0	retrieved_chunks listlengths 50 50
test_3500	where does the song 10 green bottles come from?	n/a	[ "United Kingdom" ]	[]	n/a	n/a	n/a	[]	[ { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4164877", "chunk_text": "\"Ten Green Bottles (book)\"\ngreets them on arrival and to the moving of most Jews into a ghetto in the Hongkou District. During that time, they purchase ownership in a bar owned by Marco, a Bulgarian Jew; this is where Nini heard the song \"\"Ten Green Bottles\"\". The book ends with the family leaving Shanghai for Richmond Hill, Canada. The critically acclaimed world premiere of the play was performed in English in Toronto, Canada in 2009. All performances were sold out and seen by over 4,000 people. It was produced by Helena Fine of Te-Amim Theatre and written and directed by Mark Cassidy of", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 0 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11718643", "chunk_text": "\"Ten Green Bottles (book)\"\nd'Italia) - WIZO Award. It has received generally positive critical reviews in the North American press. The title of the book comes from the song sung in Marco's Bar by British servicemen stationed in Shanghai. The book is told from the viewpoint of the author's mother and starts in 1921. Gerda Karpel (referred to always as Nini in the book) is a 5-year-old Jewish girl living in Vienna in 1921. She comes from an upper-middle-class family. The book starts with the birth of Nini's brother, Willi, and chronicles the death of Nini's father shortly after the birth. The book then", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 1 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11718642", "chunk_text": "\"Ten Green Bottles (book)\"\nTen Green Bottles (book) Ten Green Bottles is a book by Vivian Jeanette Kaplan and a play based on the book. It is the true story of a Jewish family that escaped from Nazi-occupied Vienna to Shanghai under Japanese rule. The book was published in English in Canada and in the U.S. by St. Martin's Press in 2004 and has been republished in Germany (as \"\"Von Wien nach Shanghai\"\"), Italy (as \"\"Dieci Bottiglie Verdi\"\"), Hungary (as \"\"Sanghaji Fogsag\"\") and China (as \"\"十个绿瓶子\"\"). In Canada it won the Canadian Jewish Book Award and in Italy won the ADEI (Associazione Donne Ebree", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 2 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15746377", "chunk_text": "\"Green River (song)\"\nGreen River (song) \"\"Green River\"\" is a song by American rock band Creedence Clearwater Revival. The song was written by John Fogerty and was released as a single in July 1969, one month before the album of the same name was released (see 1969 in music). The song \"\"Green River\"\" was based on a vacation spot for John Fogerty. In an interview Fogerty gave to \"\"Rolling Stone\"\" in 2012, Fogerty stated: Fogerty added that the \"\"actual specific reference, 'Green River,' I got from a soda pop-syrup label... My flavor was called Green River.\"\" \"\"Green River\"\" was certified gold (500,000 units", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 3 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5551530", "chunk_text": "\"Ten German Bombers\"\nTen German Bombers \"\"Ten German Bombers\"\" is a children's song, originally sung by British schoolchildren during World War II, and also the British Military, but controversially adopted in recent years by English football fans at matches against Germany. The song uses the same tune and verse pattern as \"\"She'll Be Coming 'Round the Mountain\"\". The verse pattern also follows the format of the song \"\"Ten Green Bottles\"\", of which it is effectively a derived variant: These verses are then repeated with one more bomber being shot down each time, the 10th verse becoming \"\"There was one\"\" and \"\"shot it down\"\",", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 4 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1066407", "chunk_text": "\"Message in a Bottle (song)\"\nMessage in a Bottle (song) \"\"Message in a Bottle\"\" is a song by English rock band The Police. It was released as the lead single from their second studio album, \"\"Reggatta de Blanc\"\" (1979). Written by the band's lead singer and bassist Sting, the song is ostensibly about a story of a castaway on an island, who sends out a message in a bottle to seek love. A year later, he has not received any sort of response, and despairs, thinking he is destined to be alone. The next day, he sees \"\"a hundred billion bottles\"\" on the shore, finding", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 5 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9869640", "chunk_text": "\"The Bottle\"\nAmerica\"\" (1974). It became an underground and cult hit upon its release, and the single peaked at number 15 on the R&B Singles Chart. Described by music critics as the album's best recording, the commercial success of \"\"The Bottle\"\" helped lead to Jackson's and Scott-Heron's next recording contract with Arista Records. Similar to other compositions by Scott-Heron, the song has been sampled extensively by hip hop artists. \"\"The Bottle\"\" is a social commentary on alcohol abuse with a Caribbean beat. Scott-Heron wrote it after seeing men line up every day in front of a liquor store called the Log Cabin,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 6 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6327703", "chunk_text": "\"Ten Green Bottles (book)\"\nThreshold Theatre. Ten Green Bottles (book) Ten Green Bottles is a book by Vivian Jeanette Kaplan and a play based on the book. It is the true story of a Jewish family that escaped from Nazi-occupied Vienna to Shanghai under Japanese rule. The book was published in English in Canada and in the U.S. by St. Martin's Press in 2004 and has been republished in Germany (as \"\"Von Wien nach Shanghai\"\"), Italy (as \"\"Dieci Bottiglie Verdi\"\"), Hungary (as \"\"Sanghaji Fogsag\"\") and China (as \"\"十个绿瓶子\"\"). In Canada it won the Canadian Jewish Book Award and in Italy won the ADEI (Associazione", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 7 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4000013", "chunk_text": "\"Little Green Bag\"\nTarantino film, \"\"Reservoir Dogs\"\", it became an international cult classic. Also in 1992, the song reached #1 in Japan after being used in a Japanese whiskey commercial.. Little Green Bag \"\"Little Green Bag\"\" is a 1969 song written by Dutch musicians Jan Visser and George Baker (born Hans Bouwens), and recorded by the George Baker Selection at the band's own expense. The track was released as the George Baker Selection's debut single by Dutch label, Negram, with the B-side being \"\"Pretty Little Dreamer\"\". The track's original title was \"\"Little Greenback\"\", in reference to the color of the US dollar. The", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 8 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3741442", "chunk_text": "\"99 Bottles of Beer\"\n99 Bottles of Beer \"\"99 Bottles of Beer\"\" is an anonymous folk song dating to the mid-20th century. It is a traditional reverse counting song in both the United States and Canada. It is popular to sing on long trips, as it has a very repetitive format which is easy to memorize and can take a long time to sing. In particular, the song is often sung by children on long bus trips, such as class field trips, or on Scout and/or Girl Guide outings. The song's lyrics are as follows: 99 bottles of beer on the wall, 99 bottles", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 9 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8029752", "chunk_text": "\"Green River (soft drink)\"\nrestaurants and retailers. Early 20th century entertainer Eddie Cantor, while with the Ziegfeld Follies of 1918, penned a jingle for the soft drink entitled \"\"Green River.\"\" The ditty was performed by Cantor and the singing duo, Van and Schenck. The refrain was: The name of the Creedence Clearwater Revival song (and album) \"\"Green River\"\" was inspired by the drink according to John Fogerty. Green River (soft drink) Green River is a bright green, lime-flavored soft drink which originated in Chicago. It was created by the Schoenhofen Edelweiss Brewing Company in 1919, and is currently manufactured by WIT Beverage Company. Green", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 10 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11229028", "chunk_text": "\"The Bottles\"\nThe Bottles The Bottles were a power pop duo from Los Angeles, California, consisting of Peter Bayless and Jefery Levy. They released one, self-titled album in September 1979 on MCA Records. The album was produced by Levy and was preceded by the single \"\"I Don't Wanna Be Your Man\"\". The Bottles began when Jon Sheinberg, the son of Sidney Sheinberg, was managing Levy and giving him advice. Sheinberg told Levy about MCA's then-vice president of artists and repertoire, Denny Rosencrantz, and Levy contacted him and made a deal as his own producer. As a result of the deal, Levy recorded", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 11 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11229030", "chunk_text": "\"The Bottles\"\na negative review to the band's performance as an opening act at the Santa Monica Civic Auditorium, but Sheinberg said that this review was \"\"unfair\"\", adding that \"\"Every trade paper and everyone else game us rave reviews.\"\" The Bottles The Bottles were a power pop duo from Los Angeles, California, consisting of Peter Bayless and Jefery Levy. They released one, self-titled album in September 1979 on MCA Records. The album was produced by Levy and was preceded by the single \"\"I Don't Wanna Be Your Man\"\". The Bottles began when Jon Sheinberg, the son of Sidney Sheinberg, was managing Levy", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 12 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1202089", "chunk_text": "\"The Green Manalishi (With the Two Prong Crown)\"\nThe Green Manalishi (With the Two Prong Crown) \"\"The Green Manalishi (With the Two Prong Crown)\"\" is a song written by Peter Green and recorded by Fleetwood Mac. It was released as a single in the UK in May 1970 and reached No. 10 on the British charts, a position it occupied for four consecutive weeks. The song was written during Green's final months with the band, at a time when he was struggling with LSD and had withdrawn from other members of the band. While there are several theories about the meaning of the title \"\"Green Manalishi\"\", Green has", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 13 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13870243", "chunk_text": "\"Little Green Bag\"\nLittle Green Bag \"\"Little Green Bag\"\" is a 1969 song written by Dutch musicians Jan Visser and George Baker (born Hans Bouwens), and recorded by the George Baker Selection at the band's own expense. The track was released as the George Baker Selection's debut single by Dutch label, Negram, with the B-side being \"\"Pretty Little Dreamer\"\". The track's original title was \"\"Little Greenback\"\", in reference to the color of the US dollar. The first line of the lyric, \"\"Lookin' back on the track for a little greenback\"\", has three rhymes (underlined); \"\"green \"\"bag\"\"\"\" would not be a true rhyme. However,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 14 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18215479", "chunk_text": "\"Forty Shades of Green\"\nForty Shades of Green \"\"Forty Shades of Green\"\" is a song about Ireland, written and first performed by American country singer Johnny Cash. Cash wrote the song in 1959 while on a trip to Ireland; it was first released as a B-side of the song \"\"The Rebel–Johnny Yuma\"\" in 1961. It is also included in two of Cash's albums: \"\"Ring of Fire: The Best of Johnny Cash\"\", released on Columbia Records in 1963, and \"\"Johnny Cash: The Great Lost Performance – Live at the Paramount Theatre, Asbury Park, New Jersey\"\", recorded live in 1990 and released in 2007. Cash once", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 15 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17626320", "chunk_text": "\"Crack a Bottle\"\nCrack a Bottle \"\"Crack a Bottle\"\" is a song by American rapper Eminem, featuring American rappers Dr. Dre and 50 Cent. The song was released as the lead single from Eminem's album \"\"Relapse\"\" (2009). On February 12, 2009, the song broke the first week digital sales record with 418,000 downloads, topping the previous record held by \"\"Live Your Life\"\" by T.I. featuring Rihanna. This record was broken again the following week by \"\"Right Round\"\" by Flo Rida. The song won the Grammy Award for Best Rap Performance by a Duo or Group in 2010. \"\"Crack a Bottle\"\" initially gained attention", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 16 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9869641", "chunk_text": "\"The Bottle\"\nbringing back their empty bottles to get a discount on their next purchase. Scott-Heron said of his inspiration for the song in an interview for \"\"Newsnight\"\", \"\"I discovered one of them was an ex-physician, who'd been busted for abortions on young girls. There was an air traffic controller in the military - one day he sent two jets crashing into a mountain. He left work that day and never went back.\"\" The song also became a popular song played at parties at the time. French music critic Pierre Jean-Critin later described it as \"\"an epic song ... whose infectious groove", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 17 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9869639", "chunk_text": "\"The Bottle\"\nThe Bottle \"\"The Bottle\"\" is a song by American soul artist Gil Scott-Heron and musician Brian Jackson, released in 1974 on Strata-East Records in the United States. It was later reissued during the mid-1980s on Champagne Records in the United Kingdom. \"\"The Bottle\"\" was written by Scott-Heron and produced by audio engineer Jose Williams, Jackson, and Scott-Heron. The song serves is a social commentary on alcohol abuse, and it features a Caribbean beat and notable flute solo by Jackson, with Scott-Heron playing keyboards. The song was issued as the first and only single for Scott-Heron's and Jackson's album \"\"Winter in", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 18 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18853102", "chunk_text": "\"The Glass Bottle\"\nThe Glass Bottle The Glass Bottle was an American pop band fronted by Gary Criss, whose song about bitterness and heartbreak, \"\"I Ain't Got Time Anymore\"\", was recorded in 1970 and reached #36 on the \"\"Billboard\"\" Hot 100 chart in September 1971. The band was co-produced by Dickie Goodman. Goodman had an advertising deal with a PR firm that was trying to save the glass industry from losing soda pop clients to plastic bottles, so Goodman and partner Bill Ramal formed a group, called them \"\"The Glass Bottle\"\" and produced their album. The group produced two hits, \"\"I Ain't Got", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 19 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13281878", "chunk_text": "\"Two More Bottles of Wine\"\nTwo More Bottles of Wine \"\"Two More Bottles of Wine\"\" is a song written by Delbert McClinton and amateur bluegrass ghostwritter Tracey Spaugh, and recorded by American country music artist Emmylou Harris. It was released in April 1978 as the first single from the album \"\"Quarter Moon in a Ten Cent Town\"\". \"\"Two More Bottles of Wine\"\" topped the U.S. country singles charts. In the song, the narrator moves with his/her lover to Los Angeles, 1,600 miles away from their home, in search of success, but the lover abruptly leaves. The narrator is then left to fend for him/herself, eventually", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 20 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9869645", "chunk_text": "\"The Bottle\"\nfor his 2004 album \"\"Studio 150\"\". British funk group Jamiroquai covered the song during their 1993 Emergency on Planet Earth Tour. The group covered \"\"The Bottle\"\" or \"\"In The Bottle\"\" for their 1974 album \"\"In The Bottle\"\". The Bottle \"\"The Bottle\"\" is a song by American soul artist Gil Scott-Heron and musician Brian Jackson, released in 1974 on Strata-East Records in the United States. It was later reissued during the mid-1980s on Champagne Records in the United Kingdom. \"\"The Bottle\"\" was written by Scott-Heron and produced by audio engineer Jose Williams, Jackson, and Scott-Heron. The song serves is a social", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 21 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4907310", "chunk_text": "\"Two More Bottles of Wine\"\nworking in a menial job \"\"sweeping out a warehouse in West L.A.\"\", but eventually concludes it is all right because he/she still has \"\"two more bottles of wine\"\". Two More Bottles of Wine \"\"Two More Bottles of Wine\"\" is a song written by Delbert McClinton and amateur bluegrass ghostwritter Tracey Spaugh, and recorded by American country music artist Emmylou Harris. It was released in April 1978 as the first single from the album \"\"Quarter Moon in a Ten Cent Town\"\". \"\"Two More Bottles of Wine\"\" topped the U.S. country singles charts. In the song, the narrator moves with his/her lover", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 22 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4159626", "chunk_text": "\"Green Tambourine\"\nGreen Tambourine \"\"Green Tambourine\"\" is a song about busking, written and composed by Paul Leka (who also produced it) and Shelley Pinz. It was the biggest hit by the 1960s Ohio-based rock group The Lemon Pipers, as well as the title track of their debut album, \"\"Green Tambourine.\"\" The song was one of the first bubblegum pop chart-toppers and became a gold record. Released toward the end of 1967, it spent 13 weeks on the U.S. \"\"Billboard\"\" Hot 100, peaking at No. 1 on February 3, 1968, and sold over a million copies. The record remained on the chart for", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 23 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13234740", "chunk_text": "\"Green Coca-Cola Bottles\"\nGreen Coca-Cola Bottles Green Coca-Cola Bottles is a 1962 painting by Andy Warhol that depicts one hundred and twelve almost identical bottles Coca-Cola bottles. \"\"Green Coca-Cola Bottles\"\" took a mainstream item and converted it into a piece of art. Warhol’s piece utilized a silkscreen technique, which mechanicalized some aspects of the painting but featured individualized “unevenness” across the painting. The painting engenders an optimistic message for the American public, described in Warhol’s own words, “What’s grand about this country is that America started the tradition where the richest consumers buy essentially the same thing as the poorest... you can know", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 24 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12378794", "chunk_text": "\"Vivian Jeanette Kaplan\"\nVivian Jeanette Kaplan Vivian Jeanette Kaplan (born June 17, 1946) is a Canadian writer and business owner. The daughter of Gerda Kosiner, she was born in Shanghai. Her parents were Jews from Vienna; her mother tongue was German. Kaplan came to Canada with her parents at the age of two; the family settled in Toronto. She studied English, French and Spanish at the University of Toronto. Kaplan operated Vivian Kaplan Oriental Interiors, a company which imported home furnishings from East Asia, for twenty years. She wrote her family's story in \"\"Ten Green Bottles: The True Story of One Family's Journey", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 25 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2435255", "chunk_text": "\"Bottle of Red Wine\"\nBottle of Red Wine \"\"Bottle of Red Wine\"\" is an uptempo blues rock song, written and recorded by the British rock musician Eric Clapton for his eponymous studio album \"\"Eric Clapton\"\" in 1970 under Polydor Records. The recording was produced by Delaney Bramlett and is of a three-minute and six second duration. Polydor Records released the song as the B-side to the 1970 single release \"\"Blues Power\"\". The song is written in the key of C major, played with the blues scale. Music critic Robert Christgau notes, that the tune does not deserve a \"\"classic status\"\". The title is also", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 26 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7096261", "chunk_text": "\"Ten Guitars\"\nTen Guitars \"\"Ten Guitars\"\" is a 1967 song by the English singer Engelbert Humperdinck. It was the B-side to his single \"\"Release Me\"\". The song is especially well known in New Zealand, where it has become a beloved folk song and is considered by some to be the \"\"unofficial national anthem\"\" of New Zealand. \"\"Ten Guitars\"\" was released as the B-side to Humperdinck's 1967 single \"\"Release Me\"\". While the A-side track was an international hit, in New Zealand radio programmers favoured \"\"Ten Guitars\"\" due to its upbeat sound and a guitar style that lent itself to the popular \"\"Maori strum\"\"", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 27 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15973258", "chunk_text": "\"Message in a Bottle (song)\"\nguitar with Andy Summers and Kanye West performing a rap verse over the chorus of the song. The song exemplifies the reggae/post-punk style of early Police. It is composed in the key of C minor with a chord progression of C#m9-Amaj9-B7-F#m. Message in a Bottle (song) \"\"Message in a Bottle\"\" is a song by English rock band The Police. It was released as the lead single from their second studio album, \"\"Reggatta de Blanc\"\" (1979). Written by the band's lead singer and bassist Sting, the song is ostensibly about a story of a castaway on an island, who sends out", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 28 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13234741", "chunk_text": "\"Green Coca-Cola Bottles\"\nthat the President drinks Coke, Liz Taylor drinks Coke, and, just think, you can drink Coke, too. A Coke is a Coke, and no amount of money can get you a better Coke.” Green Coca-Cola Bottles Green Coca-Cola Bottles is a 1962 painting by Andy Warhol that depicts one hundred and twelve almost identical bottles Coca-Cola bottles. \"\"Green Coca-Cola Bottles\"\" took a mainstream item and converted it into a piece of art. Warhol’s piece utilized a silkscreen technique, which mechanicalized some aspects of the painting but featured individualized “unevenness” across the painting. The painting engenders an optimistic message for the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 29 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19906912", "chunk_text": "\"My Boo (CeCe Peniston song)\"\nBut due to its exclusive release on vinyl, and non-availability either on various artists CD music compilations, the title became a very hard-to-find item at least in a digital format. The song contained a sample of \"\"The Bottle\"\" by Gil Scott-Heron, one of the most important progenitors of rap music (at that time imprisoned for one to three years following series of drug possession charges as well as his failure to deal with persistent drugs problems, which scored at number fifteen on the US R&B chart. My Boo (CeCe Peniston song) \"\"My Boo\"\" (sometimes subtitled as \"\"The Things You Do\"\")", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 30 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11073842", "chunk_text": "Numbertime\nand his friends play musical chairs but they all have a chair to sit on, Test hops from 12 to 8, Carlotta Bottle tries to sing \"\"Ten Green Bottles\"\" but the bottles \"\"don't-a fall-a\"\" because property master Reg is not on hand to knock them down, and Bill eats three apples off a tree which ends with the branch he is standing on breaking under his weight and the zero he was displaying hitting him on the head; also, in this episode's second animated sketch, three dogs wait to be picked by prospective new owners at a pet shop (when", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 31 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4882361", "chunk_text": "\"Murder Song\"\nMurder Song \"\"For the song \"\"Murder Song (5, 4, 3, 2, 1)\"\" by Nordic indietronica singer AURORA, see\"\" All My Demons Greeting Me as a Friend. Murder Song is a 1990 novel from Australian author Jon Cleary. It was the seventh book featuring Sydney homicide detective Scobie Malone. Cleary originally wanted to title the book Six Green Bottles but was talked out of it by his publisher. A young woman is killed by a sniper in a Sydney apartment building. Malone discovers the building was owned by a businessman with links to organised crime – who was a cadet with", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 32 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4882362", "chunk_text": "\"Murder Song\"\nMalone years ago at the police academy. Soon another former classmate of theirs is also killed. Murder Song \"\"For the song \"\"Murder Song (5, 4, 3, 2, 1)\"\" by Nordic indietronica singer AURORA, see\"\" All My Demons Greeting Me as a Friend. Murder Song is a 1990 novel from Australian author Jon Cleary. It was the seventh book featuring Sydney homicide detective Scobie Malone. Cleary originally wanted to title the book Six Green Bottles but was talked out of it by his publisher. A young woman is killed by a sniper in a Sydney apartment building. Malone discovers the building", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 33 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16353111", "chunk_text": "\"Green Label\"\nmusic label was launched under the name \"\"Green Label Sound\"\". In December 2010, a Mountain Dew Code Red television advertisement was produced, incorporating the hip-hop artist Jay Electronica performing his song \"\"The Announcement\"\". The advertisement concludes with the tagline \"\"Hip Hop is different on the mountain\"\". The label released its first full-length album release, \"\"When Fish Ride Bicycles\"\" by the hip hop group The Cool Kids, on June 12, 2011. Sponsorship of action sports athletes has been a part of Mountain Dew marketing since the late 1990s, with present sponsorship including Eli Reed (skateboarder), Paul Rodriguez (skateboarder), and Danny Davis", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 34 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10515363", "chunk_text": "\"Candy Green\"\nCandy Green \"\"Candy Green\"\" is a song by Swizz Beatz for Gap, Inc.'s Sound of Color campaign. It was produced by Full Surface in-house production team The Individualz. Developed by Gap Clothing and Rehab (a San Francisco-based production company), five artists across multiple genres were asked to record original material that represented the Sound of Color. Asked to write and perform a treatment for the color green, Swizz Beatz partnered with producers The Individuals, and together they created a song about driving in a drop top through the flashy streets of Miami, Florida. Swizz also stated in an interview \"\"I", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 35 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9803880", "chunk_text": "\"Suede (song)\"\nSuede (song) \"\"Suede\"\" is a song by Los Angeles-based duo NxWorries, released as the lead single of their debut EP, \"\"Link Up & Suede\"\". The song premiered on February 10, 2015, on Stones Throw Records' SoundCloud page and was made available for purchase at the Stones Throw Store and iTunes Store along with the EP's release on December 4, 2015. The song contains a slowed-down sample of \"\"The Bottle\"\" as written and performed by Gil Scott-Heron. The song became a viral hit, with more than a million SoundCloud listens and nearly as many YouTube plays. Vocalist Anderson .Paak played the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 36 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6877198", "chunk_text": "Greenskeepers\npays overt homage to Nine Inch Nails' song \"\"Closer\"\", was featured in the film \"\"What Happens in Vegas\"\". The band began touring again at Park life in Australia, T In the Park in Scotland, Fabric in London, Avalon in Los Angeles, Electric Daisy in Ireland and SXSW in Austin, TX. In 2008 that the Greenskeepers name transformed to represent Curd as a solo artist and his collaborations with other musicians. Their song \"\"Live Like You Wanna Live\"\" is used in the soundtrack to the video game . Greenskeepers Greenskeepers are an indie rock/new wave band from Chicago. Their song \"\"Lotion\"\"", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 37 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16959311", "chunk_text": "\"Milk and Alcohol\"\nof the single record was issued in the three colours of black, white and brown, with the white and brown meant to call to mind white milk and brown alcohol. The outline of a Kahlúa bottle appears on the record sleeve. The background around the bottle on the different record sleeves was varied to match the vinyl colour. The song reached the Top 10 in the UK Singles Chart in the same month it was released. The track reached number nine in the United Kingdom chart, in part due to the song's reference to the milk and alcohol drink, and", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 38 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11966437", "chunk_text": "\"Bottom of the Bottle (song)\"\nBottom of the Bottle (song) \"\"Bottom of the Bottle\"\" is a song by American rapper Currensy featuring R&B singer August Alsina and rapper Lil Wayne. The song was released on August 28, 2015, by Jet Life Recordings and Atlantic Records as the first single from his eight studio album, \"\"Canal Street Confidential\"\" (2015). The song premiered on August 27, 2015, and the next day was released for digital download as a single on iTunes. The album, \"\"Canal Street Confidential\"\", was released on December 4, 2015. While talking about \"\"Bottom of the Bottle\"\" in an interview with \"\"Billboard\"\" magazine, Curren$y said;", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 39 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9545257", "chunk_text": "\"Repetitive song\"\nRepetitive song Repetitive songs contain a large proportion of repeated words or phrases. Simple repetitive songs are common in many cultures as widely spread as the Caribbean, Southern India and Finland. The best-known examples are probably children's songs. Other repetitive songs are found, for instance, in African-American culture from the days of slavery. Self referential songs quote their own lyrics; one example is \"\"The Song That Never Ends\"\". Cumulative songs build from one verse to another, like bricks on a pile, as in \"\"Old McDonald Had a Farm\"\". Counting songs may count up or down, as with \"\"99 Bottles of", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 40 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20196154", "chunk_text": "\"Crack a Bottle\"\non the chart. Crack a Bottle \"\"Crack a Bottle\"\" is a song by American rapper Eminem, featuring American rappers Dr. Dre and 50 Cent. The song was released as the lead single from Eminem's album \"\"Relapse\"\" (2009). On February 12, 2009, the song broke the first week digital sales record with 418,000 downloads, topping the previous record held by \"\"Live Your Life\"\" by T.I. featuring Rihanna. This record was broken again the following week by \"\"Right Round\"\" by Flo Rida. The song won the Grammy Award for Best Rap Performance by a Duo or Group in 2010. \"\"Crack a Bottle\"\"", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 41 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5183986", "chunk_text": "\"Just Be Good to Green\"\nthe album \"\"On the Rise\"\", 1983, Tabu Records). The bass line originally comes from the famous song by The Clash \"\"The Guns of Brixton\"\". The vocal part of \"\"Just Be Good To Green\"\" has been since covered many times in different house tracks, such as Kandy Wesley (Airplay Records, 1999) and Dr Kucho! (Spinnin' Record, 2009). Robert Copsey of Digital Spy gave the song three out of five stars, stating \"\"[Green's] rhymes aren't as ear-snagging as they were last time out, but Allen certainly does justice to that melody\"\". The music video premiered on 21 May 2010 on Professor Green's", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 42 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6790290", "chunk_text": "\"The Bottle\"\nit a \"\"strong anti-alcohol rant with a funky bass hook and chilly flute fills.\"\" \"\"The Bottle\"\" was later ranked number 92 on \"\"NME's\"\" list of The Top 150 Singles of All-Time and was included in \"\"Q\"\" magazine's \"\"1010 Songs You Must Own!\"\" publication. These are the formats and track listings of the U.K. single releases of \"\"The Bottle\"\": Billboard Music Charts (North America) – \"\"The Bottle\"\" Joe Bataan covered \"\"The Bottle\"\" for his 1975 album \"\"Afrofilipino\"\", though slightly re-titled \"\"The Bottle (La Botella)\"\". The Christians covered \"\"The Bottle\"\" for their 1992 album \"\"Happy In Hell\"\". Paul Weller covered \"\"The Bottle\"\"", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 43 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17730212", "chunk_text": "\"Liquor Store Blues\"\nLiquor Store Blues \"\"Liquor Store Blues\"\" is a song by American singer-songwriter Bruno Mars for his debut studio album \"\"Doo-Wops & Hooligans\"\" (2010), featuring vocals by Jamaican artist Damian Marley. It was released as the first promotional single from the record, on September 21, 2010 by Elektra Records in the United States; while in the rest of the world it was liberated by Warner Entertainment Group (WEG). \"\"Liquor Store Blues\"\" is a reggae track with dub influences produced by The Smeezingtons (Mars, Phillip Lawrence, Ari Levine) and Dwayne \"\"Supa Dups\"\" Chin-Quee, while the writing was handled by the former three", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 44 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3741447", "chunk_text": "\"99 Bottles of Beer\"\nprogramming languages. A simple example using classical BASIC syntax: FOR Bottle = 100 TO 1 STEP -1 NEXT Bottle Another example using C#: for (int bottleNumber = 100; 1 <= bottleNumber;) 99 Bottles of Beer \"\"99 Bottles of Beer\"\" is an anonymous folk song dating to the mid-20th century. It is a traditional reverse counting song in both the United States and Canada. It is popular to sing on long trips, as it has a very repetitive format which is easy to memorize and can take a long time to sing. In particular, the song is often sung by children", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 45 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17639044", "chunk_text": "10cc\n10cc 10cc are an English rock band founded in Stockport, England, who achieved their greatest commercial success in the 1970s. The band initially consisted of four musicians – Graham Gouldman, Eric Stewart, Kevin Godley, and Lol Creme – who had written and recorded together for some three years, before assuming the name \"\"10cc\"\" in 1972. 10cc featured two songwriting teams, one \"\"commercial\"\" and one \"\"artistic\"\". Stewart and Gouldman were predominantly pop-songwriters, who created most of the band's accessible songs. By way of contrast, Godley and Creme were the predominantly experimental half of 10cc, featuring an Art School sensibility and cinematically", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 46 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15973255", "chunk_text": "\"Message in a Bottle (song)\"\nBBC's \"\"Rock Goes to College\"\", filmed at Hatfield Polytechnic College in Hertfordshire, England. The Police donated all money earned from the show to the college. The song was released as the first single from \"\"Reggatta de Blanc\"\" in September 1979. The song was a massive success in Britain, becoming The Police's first number one hit in the UK Singles Chart. The song also topped the charts in Ireland and reached number 5 in Australia. Despite its popularity in the UK, the single only reached number 74 in the United States. An alternative \"\"classic rock\"\" mix is available on \"\"\"\". The", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 47 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17124993", "chunk_text": "\"Green Drinks\"\nGreen Drinks Green Drinks is an informal networking event where environmentally minded people meet over drinks. Started in London in 1989, by Edwin Datschefski, Paul Scott, Ian Grant and Yorick Benjamin, it has spread to 51 cities in the United Kingdom, 400 in the U.S. and many more in Canada, Germany, Poland, Sweden, the Netherlands, Japan, Singapore, Kuala Lumpur, Hong Kong, Manila, New Zealand, Australia, Argentina, Chile, Puerto Rico and Lebanon. As of March 2011, 770 Green Drink Chapters have been established worldwide. The New York City Chapter was founded by Margaret Lydecker in July 2002 and is the largest", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 48 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20673481", "chunk_text": "\"Drinking from the Bottle\"\nDrinking from the Bottle \"\"Drinking from the Bottle\"\" is a song by British DJ and record producer Calvin Harris from his third studio album, \"\"18 Months\"\". The song features British rapper Tinie Tempah. The song was released as a single on 27 January 2013. It has peaked at number five on the UK Singles Chart. A lyric video to accompany the release of \"\"Drinking from the Bottle\"\" was first released onto YouTube on 2 December 2012 at a total length of four minutes and one second. The official video was uploaded to Harris's YouTube's account on 21 December, after being", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 49 } ]
test_3501	what was the first kind of vertebrate to exist on earth?	n/a	[ "believed to be the Myllokunmingia", "the Myllokunmingia", "Myllokunmingia" ]	[]	n/a	n/a	n/a	[]	[ { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "691908", "chunk_text": "\"Vertebrate paleontology\"\nMa (megaannum, million years ago). The Devonian Period (395 to 345 Ma) brought in the changes that allowed primitive air-breathing fish to remain on land as long as they wished, thus becoming the first terrestrial vertebrates, the amphibians. Amphibians developed forms of reproduction and locomotion and a metabolism better suited for life exclusively on land, becoming more reptilian. Full-fledged reptiles appeared in the Carboniferous Period (345 to 280 Ma). The reptilian changes and adaptations to diet and geography are chronicled in the fossil record of the varying forms of therapsida. True mammals showed up in the Triassic Period (225 to", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 0 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16063816", "chunk_text": "Vertebrate\ncord topped by a series of (often paired) vesicles, is unique to vertebrates. All invertebrates with well-developed brains, such as insects, spiders and squids, have a ventral rather than dorsal system of ganglions, with a split brain stem running on each side of the mouth or gut. Vertebrates originated about 525 million years ago during the Cambrian explosion, which saw the rise in organism diversity. The earliest known vertebrate is believed to be the \"\"Myllokunmingia\"\". Another early vertebrate is \"\"Haikouichthys ercaicunensis\"\". Unlike the other fauna that dominated the Cambrian, these groups had the basic vertebrate body plan: a notochord, rudimentary", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 1 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "691907", "chunk_text": "\"Vertebrate paleontology\"\nVertebrate paleontology Vertebrate paleontology is the subfield of paleontology that seeks to discover, through the study of fossilized remains, the behavior, reproduction and appearance of extinct animals with vertebrae or a notochord. It also tries to connect, by using the evolutionary timeline, the animals of the past and their modern-day relatives. The fossil record shows aspects of the meandering evolutionary path from early aquatic vertebrates to mammals, with a host of transitional fossils, though there are still large blank areas. The earliest known fossil vertebrates were heavily armored fish discovered in rocks from the Ordovician Period about 500 to 430", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 2 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14769851", "chunk_text": "Animal\nMost living animal species are in the Bilateria, a clade whose members have a bilaterally symmetric body plan. The Bilateria include the protostomes—in which many groups of invertebrates are found, such as nematodes, arthropods, and molluscs—and the deuterostomes, containing the echinoderms and chordates (including the vertebrates). Life forms interpreted as early animals were present in the Ediacaran biota of the late Precambrian. Many modern animal phyla became clearly established in the fossil record as marine species during the Cambrian explosion which began around 542 million years ago. 6,331 groups of genes common to all living animals have been identified; these", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 3 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "187340", "chunk_text": "\"History of Earth\"\nto have found a place in modern classification. During the Cambrian, the first vertebrate animals, among them the first fishes, had appeared. A creature that could have been the ancestor of the fishes, or was probably closely related to it, was \"\"Pikaia\"\". It had a primitive notochord, a structure that could have developed into a vertebral column later. The first fishes with jaws (Gnathostomata) appeared during the next geological period, the Ordovician. The colonisation of new niches resulted in massive body sizes. In this way, fishes with increasing sizes evolved during the early Paleozoic, such as the titanic placoderm \"\"Dunkleosteus\"\",", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 4 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16063817", "chunk_text": "Vertebrate\nvertebrae, and a well-defined head and tail. All of these early vertebrates lacked jaws in the common sense and relied on filter feeding close to the seabed. A vertebrate group of uncertain phylogeny, small-eel-like conodonts, are known from microfossils of their paired tooth segments from the late Cambrian to the end of the Triassic. The first jawed vertebrates appeared in the latest Ordovician and became common in the Devonian, often known as the \"\"Age of Fishes\"\". The two groups of bony fishes, the actinopterygii and sarcopterygii, evolved and became common. The Devonian also saw the demise of virtually all jawless", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 5 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6069497", "chunk_text": "\"Evolution of mammals\"\ntheir choice was based on the fact that \"\"the lower jaw is the most likely skeletal element of a Mesozoic mammal to be preserved.\"\" Today, most paleontologists consider that animals are mammals if they satisfy this criterion. The first fully terrestrial vertebrates were amniotes — their eggs had internal membranes that allowed the developing embryo to breathe but kept water in. This allowed amniotes to lay eggs on dry land, while amphibians generally need to lay their eggs in water (a few amphibians, such as the common Suriname toad, have evolved other ways of getting around this limitation). The first", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 6 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5699275", "chunk_text": "Vertebrate\ntaxon of craniata. The word origin of \"\"vertebrate\"\" derives from the Latin word \"\"vertebratus\"\" (Pliny), meaning \"\"joint of the spine.\"\" The Proto-Indo-European language origins are still unclear. \"\"Vertebrate\"\" is derived from the word \"\"vertebra\"\", which refers to any of the bones or segments of the spinal column. All vertebrates are built along the basic chordate body plan: a stiff rod running through the length of the animal (vertebral column and/or notochord), with a hollow tube of nervous tissue (the spinal cord) above it and the gastrointestinal tract below. In all vertebrates, the mouth is found at, or right below, the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 7 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5744303", "chunk_text": "\"Evolutionary history of life\"\nbe true vertebrates, and \"\"Haikouichthys\"\" had distinct vertebrae, which may have been slightly mineralized. Vertebrates with jaws, such as the acanthodians, first appeared in the Late Ordovician. Adaptation to life on land is a major challenge: all land organisms need to avoid drying-out and all those above microscopic size must create special structures to withstand gravity; respiration and gas exchange systems have to change; reproductive systems cannot depend on water to carry eggs and sperm towards each other. Although the earliest good evidence of land plants and animals dates back to the Ordovician period (), and a number of microorganism", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 8 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4040079", "chunk_text": "Megazostrodon\nMegazostrodon Megazostrodon is an extinct Mammaliaform that is widely accepted as being one of the first mammals and which appeared in the fossil record approximately 200 million years ago. It did have some non-mammalian characteristics: the first two vertebrae (atlas and axis) were still unfused as in cynodonts, and it only had three sacral vertebrae instead of the usual mammalian five. An interclavicle is also present, another primitive trait still visible in monotremes. However, these were deemed sufficiently minor to warrant the analysis that this animal probably represents the final stage of the transition between cynodonts and true mammals. \"\"Megazostrodon\"\"", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 9 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1951920", "chunk_text": "Diadectes\nDiadectes Diadectes (meaning \"\"crosswise-biter\"\") is an extinct genus of large, very reptile-like amphibians that lived during the early Permian period (Artinskian-Kungurian stages of the Cisuralian epoch, between 290 and 272 million years ago). \"\"Diadectes\"\" was one of the very first herbivorous tetrapods, and also one of the first fully terrestrial animals to attain large size. \"\"Diadectes\"\" was a heavily built animal, long, with a thick-boned skull, heavy vertebrae and ribs, massive limb girdles and short, robust limbs. The nature of the limbs and vertebrae clearly indicate a terrestrial animal. It was assumed that the rib cage was barrel shaped, but", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 10 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1865793", "chunk_text": "\"History of Earth\"\nbefore a reliable (fossil) record of life; it began with the formation of the planet and ended 4.0 billion years ago. The following Archean and Proterozoic eons produced the beginnings of life on Earth and its earliest evolution. The succeeding eon is the Phanerozoic, divided into three eras: the Palaeozoic, an era of arthropods, fishes, and the first life on land; the Mesozoic, which spanned the rise, reign, and climactic extinction of the non-avian dinosaurs; and the Cenozoic, which saw the rise of mammals. Recognizable humans emerged at most 2 million years ago, a vanishingly small period on the geological", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 11 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4438371", "chunk_text": "Tetrapod\nTetrapod The superclass Tetrapoda (from Greek: τετρα- \"\"four\"\" and πούς \"\"foot\"\") contains the four-limbed vertebrates known as tetrapods (); it includes extant and extinct amphibians, reptiles (including dinosaurs and thus birds) and mammals (including primates, and all hominid subgroups including humans), as well as earlier extinct groups. Tetrapods evolved from a group of animals known as the Tetrapodomorpha, who in turn evolved from ancient Sarcopterygii lobe-finned fishes around 390 million years ago in the middle Devonian period; their forms were transitional between lobe-finned fishes and the four-limbed tetrapods. The first tetrapods appeared by the late Devonian, 367.5 million years ago;", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 12 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14769866", "chunk_text": "Animal\nas most probably being early sponges. The oldest animals are found in the Ediacaran biota, towards the end of the Precambrian, around 610 million years ago. It had long been doubtful whether these included animals, but the discovery of the animal lipid cholesterol in fossils of \"\"Dickinsonia\"\" establishes that these were indeed animals. Many animal phyla first appear in the fossil record during the Cambrian explosion, starting about 542 million years ago, in beds such as the Burgess shale. Extant phyla in these rocks include molluscs, brachiopods, onychophorans, tardigrades, arthropods, echinoderms and hemichordates, along with numerous now-extinct forms such as", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 13 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15313966", "chunk_text": "\"Marine life\"\nand even today make up the majority of animal species. Amphibians first appeared around 364 million years ago, followed by early amniotes and birds around 155 million years ago (both from \"\"reptile\"\"-like lineages), mammals around 129 million years ago, homininae around 10 million years ago and modern humans around 250,000 years ago. However, despite the evolution of these large animals, smaller organisms similar to the types that evolved early in this process continue to be highly successful and dominate the Earth, with the majority of both biomass and species being prokaryotes. Estimates on the number of Earth's current species range", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 14 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3168627", "chunk_text": "Dinosaur\nDinosaur Dinosaurs are a diverse group of reptiles of the clade Dinosauria. They first appeared during the Triassic period, between 243 and 233.23 million years ago, although the exact origin and timing of the evolution of dinosaurs is the subject of active research. They became the dominant terrestrial vertebrates after the Triassic–Jurassic extinction event 201 million years ago; their dominance continued through the Jurassic and Cretaceous periods. Reverse genetic engineering and the fossil record both demonstrate that birds are modern feathered dinosaurs, having evolved from earlier theropods during the late Jurassic Period. As such, birds were the only dinosaur lineage", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 15 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5476029", "chunk_text": "Megazostrodon\nIts name means, literally, ‘Rudner’s large girdle tooth’ (from the Greek \"\"mega\"\"-large, \"\"zostros\"\"-girdle and \"\"don\"\"-tooth — referring to the large external cingula, or ridges of the upper molars). Megazostrodon Megazostrodon is an extinct Mammaliaform that is widely accepted as being one of the first mammals and which appeared in the fossil record approximately 200 million years ago. It did have some non-mammalian characteristics: the first two vertebrae (atlas and axis) were still unfused as in cynodonts, and it only had three sacral vertebrae instead of the usual mammalian five. An interclavicle is also present, another primitive trait still visible in", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 16 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9049101", "chunk_text": "\"Evolution of mammals\"\namniotes apparently arose in the middle Carboniferous from the ancestral reptiliomorphs. Within a few million years, two important amniote lineages became distinct: mammals' synapsid ancestors and the sauropsids, from which lizards, snakes, turtles/tortoises, crocodilians, dinosaurs, and birds are descended. The earliest known fossils of synapsids and sauropsids (such as \"\"Archaeothyris\"\" and \"\"Hylonomus\"\", respectively) date from about 320 to 315 million years ago. The times of origin are difficult to know, because vertebrate fossils from the late Carboniferous are very rare, and therefore the actual first occurrences of each of these types of animal might have been considerably earlier than the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 17 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9245789", "chunk_text": "Life\nof vertebrates and invertebrates respectively, and divided the blooded animals into five groups: viviparous quadrupeds (mammals), oviparous quadrupeds (reptiles and amphibians), birds, fishes and whales. The bloodless animals were also divided into five groups: cephalopods, crustaceans, insects (which included the spiders, scorpions, and centipedes, in addition to what we define as insects today), shelled animals (such as most molluscs and echinoderms), and \"\"zoophytes\"\" (animals that resemble plants). Though Aristotle's work in zoology was not without errors, it was the grandest biological synthesis of the time and remained the ultimate authority for many centuries after his death. The exploration of the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 18 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11794233", "chunk_text": "Evolution\nthe fossil record, as well as unique lineages that subsequently became extinct. Various triggers for the Cambrian explosion have been proposed, including the accumulation of oxygen in the atmosphere from photosynthesis. About 500 million years ago, plants and fungi colonised the land and were soon followed by arthropods and other animals. Insects were particularly successful and even today make up the majority of animal species. Amphibians first appeared around 364 million years ago, followed by early amniotes and birds around 155 million years ago (both from \"\"reptile\"\"-like lineages), mammals around 129 million years ago, homininae around 10 million years ago", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 19 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12132111", "chunk_text": "Pterosaur\nPterosaur Pterosaurs (; from the Greek , ', meaning \"\"winged lizard\"\") were flying reptiles of the extinct clade or order Pterosauria. They existed during most of the Mesozoic: from the late Triassic to the end of the Cretaceous (228 to 66 million years ago). Pterosaurs are the earliest vertebrates known to have evolved powered flight. Their wings were formed by a membrane of skin, muscle, and other tissues stretching from the ankles to a dramatically lengthened fourth finger. Early species had long, fully toothed jaws and long tails, while later forms had a highly reduced tail, and some lacked teeth.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 20 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13190008", "chunk_text": "\"Ediacaran biota\"\nEdiacaran biota The Ediacaran (; formerly Vendian) biota consisted of enigmatic tubular and frond-shaped, mostly sessile organisms that lived during the Ediacaran Period (ca. 635–542 Mya). Trace fossils of these organisms have been found worldwide, and represent the earliest known complex multicellular organisms. The Ediacaran biota may have radiated in a proposed event called the Avalon explosion, , after the Earth had thawed from the Cryogenian period's extensive glaciation. The biota largely disappeared with the rapid increase in biodiversity known as the Cambrian explosion. Most of the currently existing body plans of animals first appeared in the fossil record of", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 21 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1108530", "chunk_text": "Triassic\nvertebrates during this time. A specialized subgroup of archosaurs, called dinosaurs, first appeared in the Late Triassic but did not become dominant until the succeeding Jurassic Period. The first true mammals, themselves a specialized subgroup of therapsids, also evolved during this period, as well as the first flying vertebrates, the pterosaurs, who, like the dinosaurs, were a specialized subgroup of archosaurs. The vast supercontinent of Pangaea existed until the mid-Triassic, after which it began to gradually rift into two separate landmasses, Laurasia to the north and Gondwana to the south. The global climate during the Triassic was mostly hot and", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 22 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16063810", "chunk_text": "Vertebrate\nVertebrate Vertebrates comprise all species of animals within the subphylum Vertebrata (chordates with backbones). Vertebrates represent the overwhelming majority of the phylum Chordata, with currently about 69,276 species described. Vertebrates include the jawless fishes and the jawed vertebrates, which include the cartilaginous fishes (sharks, rays, and ratfish) and the bony fishes. Other vertebrates are the tetrapods, which include a bony fish clade known as the lobe-finned fishes, as well as amphibians, reptiles, birds and mammals. Extant vertebrates range in size from the frog species \"\"Paedophryne amauensis\"\", at as little as , to the blue whale, at up to . Vertebrates", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 23 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5744297", "chunk_text": "\"Evolutionary history of life\"\nat certain life stages. All animals except sponges have bodies differentiated into separate tissues, including muscles, which move parts of the animal by contracting, and nerve tissue, which transmits and processes signals. The earliest widely accepted animal fossils are the rather modern-looking cnidarians (the group that includes jellyfish, sea anemones and \"\"Hydra\"\"), possibly from around , although fossils from the Doushantuo Formation can only be dated approximately. Their presence implies that the cnidarian and bilaterian lineages had already diverged. The Ediacara biota, which flourished for the last 40 million years before the start of the Cambrian, were the first animals", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 24 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3461022", "chunk_text": "Paleozoic\nof plant life in the late Carboniferous and Permian. A noteworthy feature of Paleozoic life is the sudden appearance of nearly all of the invertebrate animal phyla in great abundance at the beginning of the Cambrian. The first vertebrates appeared in the form of primitive fish, which greatly diversified in the Silurian and Devonian Periods. The first animals to venture onto dry land were the arthropods. Some fish had lungs, and powerful bony fins that in the late Devonian, 367.5 million years ago, allowed them to crawl onto land. The bones in their fins eventually evolved into legs and they", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 25 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13308828", "chunk_text": "Paleontology\nobvious resemblance to any modern animals. There is a long-running debate about whether this Cambrian explosion was truly a very rapid period of evolutionary experimentation; alternative views are that modern-looking animals began evolving earlier but fossils of their precursors have not yet been found, or that the \"\"weird wonders\"\" are evolutionary \"\"aunts\"\" and \"\"cousins\"\" of modern groups. Vertebrates remained an obscure group until the first fish with jaws appeared in the Late Ordovician. The spread of life from water to land required organisms to solve several problems, including protection against drying out and supporting themselves against gravity. The earliest evidence", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 26 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9351513", "chunk_text": "\"Marine life\"\ncolumn. Some have evolved a shell or a hard exoskeleton. The earliest animal fossils may belong to the genus \"\"Dickinsonia\"\", 571 million to 541 million years ago. Individual \"\"Dickinsonia\"\" typically resemble a bilaterally symmetrical ribbed oval. They kept growing until they were covered with sediment or otherwise killed, and spent most of their lives with their bodies firmly anchored to the sediment. Their taxonomic affinities are presently unknown, but their mode of growth is consistent with a bilaterian affinity. Apart from \"\"Dickinsonia\"\", the earliest widely accepted animal fossils are the rather modern-looking cnidarians (the group that includes jellyfish, sea anemones", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 27 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13924592", "chunk_text": "Mammal\nmodern mammalian orders arose in the Paleogene and Neogene periods of the Cenozoic era, after the extinction of non-avian dinosaurs, and have been among the dominant terrestrial animal groups from 66 million years ago to the present. The basic body type is quadriped, and most mammals use their four extremities for terrestrial locomotion; but in some, the extremities are adapted for life at sea, in the air, in trees, underground, or on two legs. Mammals range in size from the bumblebee bat to the blue whale - the largest animal on the planet. All modern mammals give birth to live", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 28 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15453671", "chunk_text": "Cenozoic\ngrew larger than humans. These species are sometimes referred to as \"\"terror birds,\"\" and were formidable predators. Mammals came to occupy almost every available niche (both marine and terrestrial), and some also grew very large, attaining sizes not seen in most of today's terrestrial mammals. Early animals were the Entelodon (a so-called \"\"hell pig\"\"), Paraceratherium (a hornless rhinoceros relative) and Basilosaurus (an early whale). The extinction of many large diapsid groups, such as flightless dinosaurs, Plesiosauria and Pterosauria allowed mammals and birds to greatly diversify and become the world's predominant fauna. Geologically, the Cenozoic is the era when the continents", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 29 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18796253", "chunk_text": "\"Evolution of mammalian auditory ossicles\"\nin. This allowed amniotes to lay eggs on dry land, while amphibians generally need to lay their eggs in water. The first amniotes apparently arose in the late Carboniferous from the ancestral reptiliomorphs (a group of amphibians whose only living descendants are amniotes). Within a few million years two important amniote lineages became distinct: mammals' synapsid ancestors and the sauropsids, from which lizards, snakes, crocodilians, dinosaurs and birds are descended. The earliest known fossils of all these groups date from about 320 to 315M years ago. It is difficult to be sure about when each of them evolved, since vertebrate", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 30 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17969875", "chunk_text": "\"Vertebrate land invasion\"\nfrom the Givetian stage began developing limbs, and eventually evolved into aquatic tetrapods in the Famennian stage. Pederpes, Westlothiana, Protogyrinus, and Crassigyrinus descended from these species into the carboniferous period and were the first land vertebrates. A particularly important transitional species is one known as Tiktaalik. It has a fin, but the fin has bones within it that are similar to mammalian tetrapods. It has an upper arm bone, a lower arm bone, forearm bones, a wrist, and fingerlike projections. Essentially, it is a fin that can support the animal. Similarly, it also has a neck that allows independent head", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 31 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2497494", "chunk_text": "Brain\nwork: The first vertebrates appeared over 500 million years ago (Mya), during the Cambrian period, and may have resembled the modern hagfish in form. Sharks appeared about 450 Mya, amphibians about 400 Mya, reptiles about 350 Mya, and mammals about 200 Mya. Each species has an equally long evolutionary history, but the brains of modern hagfishes, lampreys, sharks, amphibians, reptiles, and mammals show a gradient of size and complexity that roughly follows the evolutionary sequence. All of these brains contain the same set of basic anatomical components, but many are rudimentary in the hagfish, whereas in mammals the foremost part", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 32 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11777376", "chunk_text": "\"History of paleontology\"\nat the time he thought were giant llamas that seemed to be related to species still living on the continent in modern times. The scientific debate that started immediately after the publication of \"\"Origin\"\" led to a concerted effort to look for transitional fossils and other evidence of evolution in the fossil record. There were two areas where early success attracted considerable public attention, the transition between reptiles and birds, and the evolution of the modern single-toed horse. In 1861 the first specimen of \"\"Archaeopteryx\"\", an animal with both teeth and feathers and a mix of other reptilian and avian", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 33 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14760710", "chunk_text": "Sauropoda\nSauropoda Sauropoda ( or ), or the sauropods (; \"\"sauro-\"\" + \"\"-pod\"\", \"\"lizard-footed\"\"), are a clade of saurischian (\"\"lizard-hipped\"\") dinosaurs. They had very long necks, long tails, small heads (relative to the rest of their body), and four thick, pillar-like legs. They are notable for the enormous sizes attained by some species, and the group includes the largest animals to have ever lived on land. Well-known genera include \"\"Brachiosaurus\"\", \"\"Diplodocus\"\", \"\"Apatosaurus\"\" and \"\"Brontosaurus\"\". Sauropods first appeared in the late Triassic Period, where they somewhat resembled the closely related (and possibly ancestral) group \"\"Prosauropoda\"\". By the Late Jurassic (150 million years", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 34 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3557821", "chunk_text": "Caecilian\nmitogenomic evidence examined by San Mauro et al. (2014). Little is known of the evolutionary history of the caecilians, which have left a sparse fossil record. The first fossil, a vertebra dated to the Paleocene, was not discovered until 1972. Other vertebrae, which have characteristic features unique to modern species, were later found in Paleocene and Late Cretaceous (Cenomanian) sediments. The earliest fossil attributed to a stem-caecilian (a species closer to caecilians than to frogs or salamanders but not a member of the extant lineage) comes from the Jurassic period. This primitive genus, \"\"Eocaecilia\"\", had small limbs and well-developed eyes.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 35 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9260498", "chunk_text": "Mesozoic\nthat would move into their current positions during the next era. The climate of the Mesozoic was varied, alternating between warming and cooling periods. Overall, however, the Earth was hotter than it is today. Dinosaurs appeared in the Late Triassic and became the dominant terrestrial vertebrates early in the Jurassic, occupying this position for about 135 million years until their demise at the end of the Cretaceous. Birds first appeared in the Jurassic, having evolved from a branch of theropod dinosaurs. The first mammals also appeared during the Mesozoic, but would remain small—less than 15 kg (33 lb)—until the Cenozoic.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 36 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6658445", "chunk_text": "Ascendonanus\nAscendonanus Ascendonanus (meaning \"\"climbing dwarf\"\") is an extinct genus of varanopid \"\"pelycosaurian\"\" synapsid from the Early Permian of Germany. It is the earliest specialized arboreal (tree-living) vertebrate currently known and resembled a small lizard, although it was related to mammals. The fossils of \"\"Ascendonanus\"\" are of special scientific importance because they include remains of skin, scales, scutes, bony ossicles, and body outlines, indicating that some of the oldest relatives of mammals had a scaly \"\"reptilian-type\"\" appearance. The animal was about 40 cm long, with strongly curved claws, short limbs, a slender, elongated trunk, and a long tail. It would have", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 37 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14769881", "chunk_text": "Animal\nsense touch, and would contract if about to be pulled off their rocks, but that they were rooted like plants and never moved about. In 1758, Carl Linnaeus created the first hierarchical classification in his \"\"Systema Naturae\"\". In his original scheme, the animals were one of three kingdoms, divided into the classes of Vermes, Insecta, Pisces, Amphibia, Aves, and Mammalia. Since then the last four have all been subsumed into a single phylum, the Chordata, while his Insecta (which included the crustaceans and arachnids) and Vermes have been renamed or broken up. The process was begun in 1793 by Jean-Baptiste", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 38 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "187342", "chunk_text": "\"History of Earth\"\nmultiply and become better adapted to survival out of the water. Prokaryote lineages had probably colonized the land as early as 2.6 Ga even before the origin of the eukaryotes. For a long time, the land remained barren of multicellular organisms. The supercontinent Pannotia formed around 600 Ma and then broke apart a short 50 million years later. Fish, the earliest vertebrates, evolved in the oceans around 530 Ma. A major extinction event occurred near the end of the Cambrian period, which ended 488 Ma. Several hundred million years ago, plants (probably resembling algae) and fungi started growing at the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 39 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14741219", "chunk_text": "Paleozoology\nclassify species adhering to a rod-shaped, flexible body type called a notochord. They differ from other phyla in that other phyla may have cartilage or cartilage-like tissues forming a sort of skeleton, but only vertebrates possess what we define as bone. Classes of vertebrates listed in chronological order from oldest to most recent include heterostracans, osteostracans, coelolepid agnathans, acanthodians, osteichthyan fishes, chondrichthyan fishes, amphibians, reptiles, mammals, and birds. All vertebrates are studied under standard evolutionary generalizations of behavior and life process, although there is controversy over whether population can be accurately estimated from limited fossil resources. Evolutionary origins of vertebrates", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 40 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7873786", "chunk_text": "Alphadon\nAlphadon Alphadon (meaning \"\"first tooth\"\") was a genus of small, primitive mammal that was a member of the metatherians, a group of mammals that includes modern-day marsupials. Its fossils were first discovered and named by George Gaylord Simpson in 1929. Not much is known about the appearance of \"\"Alphadon\"\", as it is only known from teeth. It probably grew to about and may have resembled a modern opossum. Judging from its teeth, it was likely an omnivore, feeding on fruits, invertebrates and possibly small vertebrates. The type species is \"\"Alphadon marshi\"\". Eight other species are known. The species \"\"Alphadon jasoni\"\"", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 41 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5650908", "chunk_text": "Boreoeutheria\nto about 65 million years ago, shortly after the K-Pg extinction event, though molecular data suggest they may have originated earlier, during the Cretaceous period. With a few exceptions male animals in the clade have a scrotum which serves the function of cooling the testicles to improve the production of sperm. The sub-clade Scrotifera was named after this feature. The common ancestor of Boreoeutheria lived between 100 and 80 million years ago. The boreoeutherian ancestor gave rise to species as diverse as giraffes, dogs, mice, bats, whales, and humans. The concept of a boreoeutherian ancestor was first proposed in 2004", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 42 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "905092", "chunk_text": "Cetacea\nshapes resemble modern whales. Protocetidae family member \"\"Rodhocetus\"\" is considered the first to be fully aquatic. The body was streamlined and delicate with extended hand and foot bones. The merged pelvic lumbar spine was present, making it possible to support the floating movement of the tail. It was likely a good swimmer, but could probably move only clumsily on land, much like a modern seal. Since the late Eocene, about 40 million years ago, cetaceans populated the subtropical oceans and no longer emerged on land. An example is the 18-m-long \"\"Basilosaurus\"\", sometimes referred to as \"\"Zeuglodon\"\". The transition from land", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 43 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9704819", "chunk_text": "Sauropodomorpha\nSauropodomorpha Sauropodomorpha ( ; from Greek, meaning \"\"lizard-footed forms\"\") is an extinct clade of long-necked, herbivorous, saurischian dinosaurs that includes the sauropods and their ancestral relatives. Sauropods generally grew to very large sizes, had long necks and tails, were quadrupedal, and became the largest animals to ever walk the Earth. The \"\"prosauropods\"\", which preceded the sauropods, were smaller and were often able to walk on two legs. The sauropodomorphs were the dominant terrestrial herbivores throughout much of the Mesozoic Era, from their origins in the mid-Triassic (approximately 230 Ma) until their decline and extinction at the end of the Cretaceous", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 44 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3143721", "chunk_text": "Chordate\nmammals; the Tunicata, which includes salps and sea squirts; and lastly the Cephalochordata, which includes the lancelets. There are also additional extinct taxa such as the Vetulicolia. The Vertebrata are sometimes considered as a subgroup of the clade Craniata, which is consisting of chordates with a already formed skull; the Craniata and Tunicata compose the clade Olfactores. Of the more than 65,000 living species of chordates, about half are bony fish that are members of the superclass Osteichthyes. The world's largest and fastest animals, the blue whale and peregrine falcon respectively, are chordates, as are humans. Fossil chordates are known", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 45 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5744320", "chunk_text": "\"Evolutionary history of life\"\nearly relatives of the amniotes, whose waterproof skin and egg membranes enable them to live and breed far from water. Amniotes, whose eggs can survive in dry environments, probably evolved in the Late Carboniferous period (). The earliest fossils of the two surviving amniote groups, synapsids and sauropsids, date from around . The synapsid pelycosaurs and their descendants the therapsids are the most common land vertebrates in the best-known Permian () fossil beds. However, at the time these were all in temperate zones at middle latitudes, and there is evidence that hotter, drier environments nearer the Equator were dominated by", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 46 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7786822", "chunk_text": "Vertebrate\n\"\"fertilization assurance\"\" (reproductive assurance) at each generation. Vertebrate Vertebrates comprise all species of animals within the subphylum Vertebrata (chordates with backbones). Vertebrates represent the overwhelming majority of the phylum Chordata, with currently about 69,276 species described. Vertebrates include the jawless fishes and the jawed vertebrates, which include the cartilaginous fishes (sharks, rays, and ratfish) and the bony fishes. Other vertebrates are the tetrapods, which include a bony fish clade known as the lobe-finned fishes, as well as amphibians, reptiles, birds and mammals. Extant vertebrates range in size from the frog species \"\"Paedophryne amauensis\"\", at as little as , to the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 47 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4687424", "chunk_text": "Prototheria\nPrototheria Prototheria (; from Greek πρώτος, \"\"prōtos\"\", first, + θήρ, \"\"thēr\"\", wild animal) is the subclass to which the order Monotremata belongs. Most of the animals in this group are extinct. The egg-laying monotremes are known from fossils of the Cretaceous and Cenozoic periods; they are represented today by the platypus and several species of echidna. The names Prototheria, Metatheria, and Eutheria (meaning \"\"first beasts\"\", \"\"changed beasts\"\", and \"\"true beasts\"\", respectively) refer to the three mammalian groupings of which we have living representatives. Each of the three may be defined as a total clade containing a living crown-group (respectively the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 48 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "187344", "chunk_text": "\"History of Earth\"\nthe terrestrial plants. There is also unconfirmed evidence that arthropods may have appeared on land as early as 530 Ma. At the end of the Ordovician period, 443 Ma, additional extinction events occurred, perhaps due to a concurrent ice age. Around 380 to 375 Ma, the first tetrapods evolved from fish. Fins evolved to become limbs that the first tetrapods used to lift their heads out of the water to breathe air. This would let them live in oxygen-poor water, or pursue small prey in shallow water. They may have later ventured on land for brief periods. Eventually, some of", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 49 } ]
test_3502	who played the original wonder woman on tv?	n/a	[ "Lynda Carter" ]	[]	n/a	n/a	n/a	[]	[ { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17560081", "chunk_text": "\"Wonder Woman (1974 film)\"\npilot. \"\"\"\", which premiered in 1975, starred Lynda Carter and eventually led to the \"\"Wonder Woman\"\" TV series. Crosby would later claim that she was offered the chance to reprise the role in that series. Wonder Woman's first broadcast appearance in live-action television was a movie made in 1974 for ABC. Written by John D. F. Black, the TV movie resembles the Wonder Woman of the \"\"I Ching\"\" period. Wonder Woman (Cathy Lee Crosby) did not wear the comic-book uniform, demonstrated no apparent super-human powers, had a \"\"secret identity\"\" of Diana Prince that was not all that secret, and she", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 0 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14341290", "chunk_text": "\"Wonder Woman (TV series)\"\nWonder Woman (TV series) Wonder Woman, known for seasons 2 and 3 as The New Adventures of Wonder Woman, is an American television series based on the DC Comics comic book superhero of the same name. The show stars Lynda Carter as Wonder Woman/Diana Prince and Lyle Waggoner as Steve Trevor Sr. & Jr. It originally aired for three seasons from 1975 to 1979. The show's first season aired on ABC and is set in the 1940s during World War II. The second and third seasons aired on CBS and are set in the 1970s, with the title changed to", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 1 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14341292", "chunk_text": "\"Wonder Woman (TV series)\"\nInstead, Warner Bros. and ABC developed the 1975 television series, \"\"Wonder Woman\"\", that fit the more traditional presentation of the character as created by William Moulton Marston, turning away from the 1968–72 era that had influenced the pilot. \"\"\"\", which premiered in 1975, starred Lynda Carter and eventually led to the full series. Crosby would later claim that she was offered the chance to reprise the role in that series. Despite the muted ratings of the earlier Cathy Lee Crosby television pilot, ABC still felt a \"\"Wonder Woman\"\" series had potential, and within a year another pilot was in production.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 2 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14341293", "chunk_text": "\"Wonder Woman (TV series)\"\nKeen to make a distinction from the last pilot, producers gave the pilot the rather paradoxical title \"\"The New Original Wonder Woman\"\". Scripting duties were given to Stanley Ralph Ross, who was instructed to be more faithful to the comic book and to create a subtle \"\"high comedy.\"\" Ross set the pilot in World War II, the era in which the original comic book began. After an intensive talent search, Lynda Carter, who had had a handful of minor acting roles and had been the 1972 Miss World USA and a Bob Hope USO cast member, was chosen for the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 3 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5657785", "chunk_text": "\"Wonder Woman (TV series)\"\nreprising her role by voicing the character; along with an animated adaptation of the comic series \"\"Batman/Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles\"\". Wonder Woman (TV series) Wonder Woman, known for seasons 2 and 3 as The New Adventures of Wonder Woman, is an American television series based on the DC Comics comic book superhero of the same name. The show stars Lynda Carter as Wonder Woman/Diana Prince and Lyle Waggoner as Steve Trevor Sr. & Jr. It originally aired for three seasons from 1975 to 1979. The show's first season aired on ABC and is set in the 1940s during World War", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 4 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14951604", "chunk_text": "\"Lynda Carter\"\nand CEO, Leron Gubler, unveiled the Star with the assistance of guest speakers, director Patty Jenkins and CBS chairman Leslie Moonves. Lynda Carter Lynda Carter (born Linda Jean Córdova Carter; July 24, 1951) is an American actress, singer, songwriter, model, and beauty pageant titleholder, who was crowned Miss World America 1972. She would go on to finish as a semifinalist in the Miss World 1972 pageant. Carter is most widely known as the star of the American live action television series \"\"Wonder Woman\"\", in the role of Diana Prince / Wonder Woman, based on the DC comic book fictional superheroine", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 5 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15781553", "chunk_text": "\"Lynda Carter\"\nLynda Carter Lynda Carter (born Linda Jean Córdova Carter; July 24, 1951) is an American actress, singer, songwriter, model, and beauty pageant titleholder, who was crowned Miss World America 1972. She would go on to finish as a semifinalist in the Miss World 1972 pageant. Carter is most widely known as the star of the American live action television series \"\"Wonder Woman\"\", in the role of Diana Prince / Wonder Woman, based on the DC comic book fictional superheroine character of the same name, which aired on ABC and later on CBS from 1975 to 1979. Carter was born in", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 6 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20399935", "chunk_text": "\"Wonder Woman in other media\"\nboth the 1974 television film and its 1975-1979 spin-off television series. The 1974 television film, directed by Vincent McEveety and starring Cathy Lee Crosby, was a pilot for an intended television series being considered by ABC. Ratings were described as \"\"respectable but not exactly wondrous,\"\" and ABC did not pick up the pilot. Instead, Warner Brothers and ABC developed a different Wonder Woman television concept that fit the more traditional presentation of the character as created by William Moulton Marston, turning away from the 1968–72 era that had influenced the pilot. \"\"\"\", which premiered in 1975, starred Lynda Carter and", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 7 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5657782", "chunk_text": "\"Wonder Woman (TV series)\"\nThe pilot episode is included as a bonus feature on the February 23, 2010 Blu-ray release of \"\"\"\". The complete series has been remastered in high definition and reframed for a 16:9 widescreen format. This version is available for purchase on iTunes and airs on MeTV. Mego Corporation released a line of dolls in 1976 to correspond with the TV series. The boxes originally featured Lynda Carter as Wonder Woman on the front flap. However, in 1977, her image on the box was dropped and the line was revamped with only the Wonder Woman doll being featured and revised. The", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 8 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4596420", "chunk_text": "\"Cultural impact of Wonder Woman\"\nLee Crosby as Wonder Woman, playing the character as a blond in a star-spangled red & blue costume which featured a skirt & tights rather than the comic costume. In the film, she uses her powers to thwart an international spy ring headed by Ricardo Montalban. Her invisible plane is mentioned in passing. Lynda Carter, the actress who portrayed Wonder Woman in the series of the same name from 1975-1979, appeared on a 1976 televised Olivia Newton-John Special as the character wherein she deflects a bullet meant for Olivia. In 1980, Carter appeared in an episode of Jim Henson's television", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 9 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14341291", "chunk_text": "\"Wonder Woman (TV series)\"\n\"\"The New Adventures of Wonder Woman\"\", and a complete change of cast other than Carter and Waggoner. Waggoner's character was changed to Steve Trevor Jr., the son of his original character. \"\"Wonder Woman\"\" refers to both a 1974 television film and a 1975-79 television series based on the DC Comics character of the same name. The 1974 television film called \"\"Wonder Woman\"\" directed by Vincent McEveety and starring Cathy Lee Crosby, was a pilot for an intended television series being considered by ABC. Ratings were described as \"\"respectable but not exactly wondrous,\"\" and ABC did not pick up the pilot.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 10 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14341297", "chunk_text": "\"Wonder Woman (TV series)\"\nbook-style text panels. Transitions between scenes and commercial breaks were marked by animated starburst sequences. In early 1942, during the Second World War, American pilot Major Steve Trevor (Waggoner) bails out during an air battle over the Bermuda Triangle, location of Paradise Island. The island is home to the Amazons: beautiful, ageless women with great strength, agility, and intelligence. Amazon princess Diana (Carter) rescues the handsome unconscious Trevor and helps nurse him back to health. Her mother, the Amazon queen (Cloris Leachman; succeeded by Carolyn Jones and Beatrice Straight in later episodes), decrees that Olympic-style games shall be held to", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 11 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20265865", "chunk_text": "\"Shannon Farnon\"\nShannon Farnon Shannon Farnon (born November 28, 1941) is a Canadian actress and voice actress. She is best known as being the first actress to voice Wonder Woman in a Hanna-Barbera production. Born into a show business family, she is the daughter of Brian Farnon, a musician and conductor and Rita Oehmen, a singer and actress, and sister of Charmian Carr and Darleen Carr. She was raised in Chicago, Illinois. Farnon went to theater art classes in Toronto and years later worked on commercial spots. She graduated from Los Angeles Valley College in 1962. The actress starred in film, television,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 12 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14341296", "chunk_text": "\"Wonder Woman (TV series)\"\na way to show how Diana Prince became Wonder Woman, when Carter suggested that she do a spin. Unlike the earlier pilot, the comic-book origins of the character were emphasized by the retention of the character's traditional uniform (the design of which was interpreted and executed by Donald Lee Feld, credited as \"\"Donfeld\"\") with the original setting and through the use of comic book elements. The series's title sequence was animated in the form of a series of comic book panels featuring Wonder Woman performing a variety of heroic feats. Within the show, location and exposition were handled through comic", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 13 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17560080", "chunk_text": "\"Wonder Woman (1974 film)\"\nWonder Woman (1974 film) Wonder Woman is a 1974 American made-for-television superhero film based on the DC Comics character of the same name, directed by Vincent McEveety and starring Cathy Lee Crosby. The film was a pilot for an intended television series being considered by ABC. Ratings were described as \"\"respectable but not exactly wondrous,\"\" and ABC did not pick up the pilot. Instead, Warner Brothers and ABC developed a different Wonder Woman television concept that fit the more traditional presentation of the character as created by William Moulton Marston, turning away from the 1968–72 era that had influenced the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 14 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7719163", "chunk_text": "\"Wonder Woman (TV series)\"\nactress Beatrice Colen joined the cast as Corporal Etta Candy WAAC, General Blankenship's secretary, thereby providing YN1 Prince with a subordinate. Three episodes featured Debra Winger as Diana's younger sister, Drusilla, a.k.a. Wonder Girl, in one of her earliest acting roles. One of the most memorable aspects of the show that was developed during the first season was the transformation sequence that changed Diana Prince into her superheroine alter ego. The sequence in the original specials employed a slow fade between two synchronized shots, both filmed with an overcranked camera to create a slow motion effect. A twirling Diana Prince's", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 15 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10568610", "chunk_text": "\"Wonder Woman (TV series)\"\nor mentioned, though she was played by a new actress, Beatrice Straight, succeeding Carolyn Jones and Cloris Leachman in the role. The post-war fates of General Phil Blankenship, Etta Candy, and Drusilla / Wonder Girl were never revealed. Diana, Steve and Joe Atkinson (Norman Burton), a weathered IADC agent, received their orders from a \"\"Charlie's Angels-like\"\" character who is heard but never seen. Diana and Steve would go out and work the field while Joe assisted from the office. The Atkinson character was dropped after the ninth episode of this season, and Steve was given a promotion, becoming IADC Director,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 16 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11190152", "chunk_text": "\"Lynda Carter\"\nas the title character and her secret identity, Diana Prince. The savings she had set aside from her days of touring on the road with her band to pursue acting in Los Angeles were almost exhausted, and she was close to returning to Arizona when Carter's manager informed her that Joanna Cassidy had lost the part to her. Carter's earnest performance greatly endeared her to both fans and critics and as a result, she continues to be closely identified with Wonder Woman. The \"\"Wonder Woman\"\" series lasted for three seasons, which aired on ABC and later on CBS from 1975", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 17 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14288469", "chunk_text": "\"Wonder Woman (Earth-Two)\"\nNew Original Wonder Woman\"\"). Lynda Carter was cast in the title role, with Lyle Waggoner as Steve Trevor. Using the World War II era as its setting during Season 1, the series featured elements of the Earth-Two version of Wonder Woman, including Trevor's plane crash on Paradise Island, Princess Diana's tournament victory and departure for Man's World (via the invisible plane) and the Amazon's secret identity in the War Department as Diana Prince (Details of the character's origin involving her birth were omitted). Most of the villains were Nazis and Nazi sympathizers, including Baroness Paula von Gunther (portrayed by Christine", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 18 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18739030", "chunk_text": "\"Technology/Transformation: Wonder Woman\"\nTechnology/Transformation: Wonder Woman Technology/Transformation: Wonder Woman is a video by Dara Birnbaum made in 1978-1979 that takes as its subject the appropriation of gendered imagery as rendered by popular culture television. The video has color and stereo sound, with a run time of 5 minutes, 50 seconds. The video opens with a barrage of explosive imagery along with an audio track of a siren taken from the 1970s television series \"\"Wonder Woman\"\". The following scenes are fast paced repeated shots from \"\"Wonder Woman\"\", with several scenes following of actress Lynda Carter as the main character Diana Prince, performing her transformative", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 19 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6333651", "chunk_text": "\"Lyle Waggoner\"\npost is an honorary \"\"goodwill ambassador\"\" position. In addition to Waggoner, other holders of the title include Steve Allen, Mike Connors, Fred Travalena, Ronnie Schell and Cesare Danova. A year after leaving \"\"Carol Burnett\"\", Waggoner landed the role of Steve Trevor for the pilot and first season of the television series \"\"Wonder Woman\"\" starring Lynda Carter. Initially set during World War II, when the subsequent two seasons advanced the timeline to the 1970s, Waggoner played Steve Trevor, Jr. Waggoner also appeared in several TV movies and minor motion pictures during the 1970s and 1980s, often cast for “hunk” appeal. He", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 20 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9651403", "chunk_text": "\"Wonder Woman\"\nof her homeland, she adopts her civilian identity Diana Prince. Wonder Woman was created by the American psychologist and writer William Moulton Marston (pen name: Charles Moulton), and artist Harry G. Peter. Marston's wife, Elizabeth, and their life partner, Olive Byrne, are credited as being his inspiration for the character's appearance. Marston's comics featured his ideas on DISC theory, and the character drew a great deal of inspiration from early feminists, and especially from birth control pioneer Margaret Sanger; in particular, her piece \"\"Woman and the New Race\"\". Wonder Woman's origin story relates that she was sculpted from clay by", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 21 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17560083", "chunk_text": "\"Wonder Woman (1974 film)\"\naction sequence, which occurs during the final third of the story. The pilot aired originally on March 12, 1974 and was repeated on August 21 of that year. Ratings were described as \"\"respectable but not exactly wondrous.\"\" ABC did not pick up the pilot, although Crosby would later claim she was offered the series that was eventually given to Lynda Carter. An ABC spokesperson would later acknowledge that the decision to update the character was a mistake. Warner Brothers released this pilot into syndication as a stand-alone 90-minute telefilm, where it played on independent TV stations throughout the 1970s and", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 22 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4596419", "chunk_text": "\"Cultural impact of Wonder Woman\"\ncharacter. As well, magazine covers formed a collage of Wonder Woman on the cover of the 35th anniversary issue of \"\"Ms.\"\" magazine in 2007. Wonder Woman iconic nature has filtered into American television, references appearing in the form of impersonations, costume and character references. These abound in live programming such as \"\"The Big Bang Theory\"\", \"\"Charmed\"\", \"\"Frasier\"\", \"\"Friends\"\", and \"\"30 Rock\"\". As well, she is referred to often in animated programming, such as \"\"The Simpsons\"\", \"\"Family Guy\"\" and \"\"Robot Chicken\"\". Prior to the more widely known Lynda Carter Wonder Woman series, a made-for-TV movie was broadcast in 1974, starring Cathy", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 23 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8331101", "chunk_text": "\"Beatrice Colen\"\nShe was the first actress to portray Etta Candy in the live action adaptation of the DC comic book series \"\"Wonder Woman\"\". After the pilot, she only appeared during the series' first season (1976–77), which were set during World War II. When the series was retooled and reset in modern times, the character was dropped. Colen acted in such television film as \"\"Schoolboy Father\"\" (1980), \"\"Brave New World\"\", and in feature films such as \"\"Lifeguard\"\", \"\"High Anxiety\"\", \"\"American Pop\"\", and \"\"Who's that Girl?\"\". She also guest starred on a number of TV shows such as \"\"The Odd Couple\"\", \"\"All in", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 24 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14341294", "chunk_text": "\"Wonder Woman (TV series)\"\nlead role. For the role of Steve Trevor, the producers chose Lyle Waggoner, despite his dark brown, almost-black, hair not matching the comic's blond Trevor, who at the time was better known as a comedic actor after several years co-starring in \"\"The Carol Burnett Show.\"\" He was also known to Ross as having been one of the leading candidates to play Batman a decade earlier, but instead Adam West was signed. Waggoner was also considered a sex symblol, having done a semi-nude pictorial in the first issue of \"\"Playgirl.\"\" Although the pilot followed the original comic book closely, in particular", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 25 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14951578", "chunk_text": "\"Lynda Carter\"\nto 1979. For decades, this 1970s TV series has been the version of Wonder Woman most fans picture when they imagine the ageless Amazon, and they would be entirely justified; Lynda Carter's performance, rooted in the character's inherent goodness, combined with a comic-accurate costume and a catchy theme song, made for a depiction that was nothing less than iconic. In 2017, Carter explained her perspective of portraying the Diana Prince/Wonder Woman character. Carter says she got the role back in 1975 largely because she looked the part, which was both a blessing and – as one of the show's producers", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 26 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5657783", "chunk_text": "\"Wonder Woman (TV series)\"\nMego dolls included Wonder Woman, Diana Prince, Queen Hippolyta, Nubia, and Steve Trevor. The line also included separate fashion outfits for Diana Prince that were released in Canada. Various playsets were also created but were not released for sale. DC Direct (which creates merchandise for DC Comics) released a Wonder Woman statue in 2007 which is based upon the image created by Lynda Carter. In 2015, Hallmark released a Wonder Woman Christmas ornament bearing the likeness of Lynda Carter that also plays the intro to the television theme song. In July 2016, prior to Comic-Con International, the New York Times", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 27 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3993900", "chunk_text": "\"Wonder Woman\"\nrescued, and reluctantly places Diana in a mental hospital so she can get help. While there she comes to grasp the reality she thought she knew was false, eventually coming out of her stupor and able to rejoin the others in tracking down Veronica Cale, who is trying to find Themyscira. Since her comic book debut in December 1941, Wonder Woman has appeared in a number of adaptations. These formats include television shows, video games, and films. Wonder Woman has made multiple appearances in television, including the 1974 made-for-television film Wonder Woman, and most notably Hanna-Barbera's long-running animated series \"\"Super", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 28 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10373338", "chunk_text": "\"Jeannie Epper\"\nJeannie Epper Jeannie Epper (born January 27, 1941) is an American stuntwoman and actress. She has performed stunts in over 100 feature films and television series and is perhaps best known as Lynda Carter's body double on the 1970s television series \"\"Wonder Woman\"\". She was featured in Amanda Micheli's 2004 documentary \"\"Double Dare\"\", along with New Zealand stuntwoman and actress Zoë Bell. \"\"Entertainment Weekly\"\" noted that many consider her \"\"the greatest stuntwoman who's ever lived.\"\" Her acting roles have included appearances in \"\"The Life and Times of Judge Roy Bean\"\" (1972), \"\"Foxy Brown\"\" (1974), \"\"Switchblade Sisters\"\" (1975), \"\"Drum\"\" (1976), \"\"Beverly", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 29 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9731334", "chunk_text": "\"Dagmar (American actress)\"\nDagmar (American actress) Dagmar (born Virginia Ruth Egnor, November 29, 1921 – October 9, 2001) was an American actress, model, and television personality. In the 1950s, the statuesque, busty blonde became one of the first major female stars of television, receiving much press coverage. Egnor was born in Yawkey, West Virginia, and went to high school in Huntington, West Virginia, where she was known as Ruthie. She attended Huntington Business School and worked at Walgreens as a cashier, waitress, sandwich maker, and soda jerk. After her marriage to Angelo Lewis in 1941, she moved to New York, where he was", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 30 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12149429", "chunk_text": "\"Wonder Woman (Earth-Two)\"\nthe modern version) gave her mind control over others. Her Amazon training gave her hand-to-hand combat skills, useful for wrestling and binding opponents. Wonder Woman could telepathically communicate with the Holiday Girls with a mental radio (which could also be used by Etta Candy), and her knowledge of psychology could heal minds. She had magnetic hearing due to her earrings, which were given to her by the Venusian fairy Queen Desira for stopping the Meteor Men from attacking her planet. In 1976, an hour-long \"\"Wonder Woman\"\" television series premiered on ABC (after the success of its 1975 pilot film, \"\"The", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 31 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13916186", "chunk_text": "\"Donna Troy\"\nDonna Troy Donna Troy is a comic book superheroine published by DC Comics. She first appeared in \"\"The Brave and the Bold\"\" vol. 1 #60 (July 1965), and was created by Bob Haney and Bruno Premiani. She has been known as the original Wonder Girl, and Troia. In May 2011, Donna Troy placed 93rd on IGN's Top 100 Comic Book Heroes of All Time. Donna Troy has appeared in numerous cartoon television shows and films. She appeared in her first live adaptation on the \"\"Titans\"\" television series for the new DC Universe streaming service played by Conor Leslie. After the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 32 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5657784", "chunk_text": "\"Wonder Woman (TV series)\"\nran a story about Dynamite Entertainment. In it, best-selling author Andy Mangels was revealed to be writing a prestigious new intercompany crossover mini-series for the company, in conjunction with DC Comics: \"\"Wonder Woman '77 Meets The Bionic Woman\"\", bringing together the Lynda Carter television character with Lindsay Wagner's fellow 1970s television super-heroine. The series was released in December 2016. After the success of \"\"\"\", animated film based on the \"\"Batman\"\" TV series of the 1960s, Warner Bros. had stated that their executives are considering to make an animated film based on the classic \"\"Wonder Woman\"\" TV series, with Lynda Carter", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 33 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20399930", "chunk_text": "\"Wonder Woman in other media\"\nFuchs, and co-stars Chris Pine, Robin Wright, Danny Huston, David Thewlis, Connie Nielsen, and Elena Anaya. Jenkins' role as director makes her the first female director of a studio superhero movie. Set in 1918, the film tells the story of Princess Diana, who grows up on the Amazon island of Themyscira. After American pilot Steve Trevor (Pine) crashes offshore of the island and is rescued by Diana, he tells her about the ongoing World War. She then leaves her home in order to end the conflict, becoming Wonder Woman in the process. Development for the film began in 1996, with", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 34 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3993764", "chunk_text": "\"Wonder Woman\"\nWonder Woman surrendered her powers in order to remain in Man's World rather than accompany her fellow Amazons to another dimension. Wonder Woman begins using the alias Diana Prince and opens a mod boutique. She acquires a Chinese mentor named I Ching, who teaches Diana martial arts and weapons skills. Using her fighting skill instead of her powers, Diana engaged in adventures that encompassed a variety of genres, from espionage to mythology. This phase of her story was directly influenced by the British spy thriller \"\"The Avengers\"\" and Diana Rigg's portrayal of Emma Peel. In the early 1970s the character", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 35 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10568606", "chunk_text": "\"Wonder Woman (TV series)\"\nAdventures of Wonder Woman,\"\" the series was moved away from international intrigue to a more conventional police/detective action-type show that was more common in the 1970s. Princess Diana, aging slowly because of her Amazon nature, returns from Paradise Island after a 35-year absence (looking virtually the same) to become an agent with the Inter-Agency Defense Command (IADC), a CIA / FBI-type organization fighting crime, espionage, and the occasional alien invasion. Strictly speaking, Lynda Carter was the only cast member whose character continued into the second and third seasons (aside from a brief cameo appearance of Major Trevor (Lyle Waggoner) in", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 36 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15213820", "chunk_text": "\"Aline Towne\"\nAline Towne Fern Aline Waller (née Eggen, 7 November 1919 – 2 February 1996), known as Aline Towne, was an American film and television actress, best remembered for her lead roles in 1950s Republic serials, such as \"\"Radar Men from the Moon\"\". Towne was born in Saint Paul, Minnesota. Towne appeared in dozens of roles on television, in series such as \"\"Lassie\"\", \"\"Leave It to Beaver\"\", \"\"Sea Hunt\"\", \"\"Wagon Train\"\", \"\"Maverick\"\", \"\"The Lone Ranger\"\", and \"\"The Donna Reed Show\"\". In 1952 she played Lara, Superman's mother in the first episode of \"\"the Adventures of Superman\"\". She died in Burbank, California", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 37 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3993803", "chunk_text": "\"Wonder Woman\"\nThis trait had been the reason for her induction into the Star Sapphires. Writer Gail Simone was applauded for her portrayal of Wonder Woman during her run on the series, with comic book reviewer Dan Phillips of IGN noting that \"\"she's molded Diana into a very relatable and sympathetic character.\"\" Actress Gal Gadot described Wonder Woman as \"\"an idealist. Experienced, super-confident. Open and sincere even in the midst of a gruesome, bloody conflict. Having many strengths and powers, but at the end of the day she's a woman with a lot of emotional intelligence\"\". In the Golden Age, Wonder Woman", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 38 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20672317", "chunk_text": "\"William Moulton Marston\"\nWilliam Moulton Marston William Moulton Marston (May 9, 1893 – May 2, 1947), also known by the pen name Charles Moulton (), was an American psychologist, inventor of an early prototype of the lie detector, self-help author, and comic book writer who created the character Wonder Woman. Two women, his wife Elizabeth Holloway Marston, and their polyamorous life partner, Olive Byrne, greatly influenced Wonder Woman's creation. He was inducted into the Comic Book Hall of Fame in 2006. Marston was born in the Cliftondale section of Saugus, Massachusetts, the son of Annie Dalton (née Moulton) and Frederick William Marston. Marston", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 39 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1727436", "chunk_text": "\"Lynda Carter\"\nMarston and artist Harry G. Peter in 1941 for DC Comics. Conceived in the wake of popularity of Superman, Marston designed his creation as counter-programming to the \"\"Man of Steel\"\". The Diana Prince/Wonder Woman character is also referred to by such names as the Amazing Amazon, the Spirit of Truth, Themyscira's Champion, and the Goddess of Love and War. Wonder Woman was an instant hit with readers, and for the last 76 years, the character has been the world's most prominent DC comic book female superhero. Carter's acting career took off when she landed the starring role on \"\"Wonder Woman\"\"", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 40 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17560084", "chunk_text": "\"Wonder Woman (1974 film)\"\n1980s. On December 11, 2012, Warner Brothers made the Cathy Lee Crosby pilot available as a Video On Demand purchase through their online store. Warner Home Video released the TV film to DVD in 2012 through Amazon.com and their Warner Archive collection. Wonder Woman (1974 film) Wonder Woman is a 1974 American made-for-television superhero film based on the DC Comics character of the same name, directed by Vincent McEveety and starring Cathy Lee Crosby. The film was a pilot for an intended television series being considered by ABC. Ratings were described as \"\"respectable but not exactly wondrous,\"\" and ABC did", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 41 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3993746", "chunk_text": "\"Wonder Woman\"\nWonder Woman Wonder Woman is a fictional superhero appearing in American comic books published by DC Comics. The character is a founding member of the Justice League, and an ambassador of the Amazon people. The character first appeared in \"\"All Star Comics\"\" #8 in October 1941 with her first feature in \"\"Sensation Comics\"\" #1, January 1942. The \"\"Wonder Woman\"\" title has been published by DC Comics almost continuously except for a brief hiatus in 1986. In her homeland, the island nation of Themyscira, her official title is Princess Diana of Themyscira, Daughter of Hippolyta. When blending into the society outside", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 42 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20399927", "chunk_text": "\"Wonder Woman in other media\"\nExtended Universe. It is also the first live action theatrical film to feature \"\"Wonder Woman\"\" as well as her secret identity, Diana Prince. In late 2013, Zack Snyder cast Gal Gadot in the role over Élodie Yung and Olga Kurylenko. Some fans initially reacted to this choice by criticizing Gadot's appearance. Snyder would later comment on his decision to cast Gadot, stating that hetested a bunch of actresses, as you can imagine. But the thing with Gal is that she's strong, she's beautiful, and she's a kind person, which is interesting, but fierce at the same time. It's that combination", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 43 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15442553", "chunk_text": "\"Wonder Woman (2017 film)\"\nof the Allies during World War II). As for story development, Jenkins credits the stories by the character's creator William Moulton Marston in the 1940s and George Perez's seminal stories in the 1980s in which he modernized the character. In addition, it follows some aspects of DC Comics' origin changes in The New 52 reboot, where Diana is the daughter of Zeus. Jenkins cited Richard Donner's \"\"Superman\"\" as an inspiration. In late 2013, Zack Snyder cast Gal Gadot in the role of Wonder Woman for the 2016 film, \"\"\"\" over Élodie Yung and Olga Kurylenko. Some fans initially reacted to", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 44 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20399938", "chunk_text": "\"Wonder Woman in other media\"\nfilm. Wonder Woman reappeared briefly as a non-speaking character in follow-up \"\"The Lego Batman Movie\"\" (2017). Rica Matsumoto provides the voice for Wonder Woman in \"\"DC Super Heroes vs. Eagle Talon\"\". Halsey provides the voice for Wonder Woman in \"\"Teen Titans Go! To the Movies\"\". Wonder Woman's first appearance on television was as a guest in an episode of \"\"The Brady Kids\"\" cartoon series in 1972, entitled \"\"It's All Greek to Me\"\" (voiced by Jane Webb). The Brady kids meet Diana Prince/Wonder Woman and together they find themselves accidentally transported back to the time of the Ancient Olympic Games. The", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 45 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14165765", "chunk_text": "\"Diana Prince\"\nbased on a comedic conceit that the homely Diana Prince saw herself as a gorgeous Amazon whenever she becomes Wonder Woman—although no one else sees such a change in her looks. The first TV pilot movie, starring Cathy Lee Crosby, was modeled primarily on the mod Diana Prince era and featured Crosby as Diana Prince, secretary to Office of Strategic Services (O.S.S) Major Steve Trevor, but secretly operating on her own as an agent known to some as \"\"Wonder Woman\"\". The \"\"Super Friends\"\" animated series included at least one episode featuring Diana Prince spinning to become Wonder Woman. The most", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 46 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15213821", "chunk_text": "\"Aline Towne\"\nin 1996. Aline Towne Fern Aline Waller (née Eggen, 7 November 1919 – 2 February 1996), known as Aline Towne, was an American film and television actress, best remembered for her lead roles in 1950s Republic serials, such as \"\"Radar Men from the Moon\"\". Towne was born in Saint Paul, Minnesota. Towne appeared in dozens of roles on television, in series such as \"\"Lassie\"\", \"\"Leave It to Beaver\"\", \"\"Sea Hunt\"\", \"\"Wagon Train\"\", \"\"Maverick\"\", \"\"The Lone Ranger\"\", and \"\"The Donna Reed Show\"\". In 1952 she played Lara, Superman's mother in the first episode of \"\"the Adventures of Superman\"\". She died in", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 47 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8331100", "chunk_text": "\"Beatrice Colen\"\nBeatrice Colen Beatrice Colen (January 10, 1948 - November 18, 1999) was an American actress. Her most famous roles were Marsha Simms on \"\"Happy Days\"\" and Etta Candy on \"\"Wonder Woman\"\". Colen was born to Anne and Bruce D Colen in New York City, New York. Both of her parents were of German Jewish descent. She was the granddaughter of playwright George S. Kaufman. Starting off in the 1970s, Colen landed roles early in her career in both film and television. During the early seasons of \"\"Happy Days\"\", she starred as Milwaukee-based carhop Marsha Simms in seasons 1-3 and 5.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 48 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "28244", "chunk_text": "\"Wonder Woman '77\"\nfor many of them. This meant the comic series was able to use villains such as Cheetah, Silver Swan, and Doctor Psycho, while also incorporating villains from the television series and brand new villains. Wonder Woman '77 Wonder Woman '77 is a comic book series published by DC Comics featuring Wonder Woman as a continuation of the 1975–1979 television series starring Lynda Carter. The series was initially written by Marc Andreyko, though other writers later substituted in, with cover art by Nicola Scott. After the success of the Batman '66 series, DC Comics began publishing a similar series based on", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 49 } ]
test_3503	where was the louisiana purchase signed in 1803?	n/a	[ "Paris" ]	[]	n/a	n/a	n/a	[]	[ { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3313534", "chunk_text": "\"Louisiana Purchase\"\nLouisiana Purchase The Louisiana Purchase ( \"\"Sale of Louisiana\"\") was the acquisition of the Louisiana territory () by the United States from France in 1803. The U.S. paid fifty million francs ($11,250,000) and a cancellation of debts worth eighteen million francs ($3,750,000) for a total of sixty-eight million francs ($15 million, equivalent to about $600 billion given the GDP of 2017. The Louisiana territory included land from fifteen present U.S. states and two Canadian provinces. The territory contained land that forms Arkansas, Missouri, Iowa, Oklahoma, Kansas, and Nebraska; the portion of Minnesota west of the Mississippi River; a large portion", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 0 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3313546", "chunk_text": "\"Louisiana Purchase\"\nhad authorized Livingston only to purchase New Orleans. However, Livingston was certain that the United States would accept the offer. The Americans thought that Napoleon might withdraw the offer at any time, preventing the United States from acquiring New Orleans, so they agreed and signed the Louisiana Purchase Treaty on April 30, 1803. On July 4, 1803, the treaty was announced, but the documents did not arrive in Washington, D.C. until July 14. The Louisiana Territory was vast, stretching from the Gulf of Mexico in the south to Rupert's Land in the north, and from the Mississippi River in the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 1 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13928905", "chunk_text": "Louisiana\ntreaty. Despite Federalist objections, the U.S. Senate ratified the Louisiana treaty on October 20, 1803. By statute enacted on October 31, 1803, President Thomas Jefferson was authorized to take possession of the territories ceded by France and provide for initial governance. A transfer ceremony was held in New Orleans on November 29, 1803. Since the Louisiana territory had never officially been turned over to the French, the Spanish took down their flag, and the French raised theirs. The following day, General James Wilkinson accepted possession of New Orleans for the United States. A similar ceremony was held in St. Louis", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 2 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15096185", "chunk_text": "\"Louisiana Purchase\"\n1801, Spanish Governor Don Juan Manuel de Salcedo took over from the Marquess of Casa Calvo, and restored the American right to deposit goods. However, in 1800 Spain had ceded the Louisiana territory back to France as part of Napoleon's secret Third Treaty of San Ildefonso. The territory nominally remained under Spanish control, until a transfer of power to France on November 30, 1803, just three weeks before the formal cession of the territory to the United States on December 20, 1803. A further ceremony was held in St. Louis, Upper Louisiana regarding the New Orleans formalities. The March 9–10,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 3 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9228198", "chunk_text": "\"Louisiana Purchase\"\nworked together to facilitate and underwrite the Purchase. Because Napoleon wanted to receive his money as quickly as possible, the two firms received the American bonds and shipped the gold to France. Napoleon used the money to finance his planned invasion of England, which never took place. Louisiana Purchase The Louisiana Purchase ( \"\"Sale of Louisiana\"\") was the acquisition of the Louisiana territory () by the United States from France in 1803. The U.S. paid fifty million francs ($11,250,000) and a cancellation of debts worth eighteen million francs ($3,750,000) for a total of sixty-eight million francs ($15 million, equivalent to", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 4 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20986692", "chunk_text": "\"Louisiana Purchase Historic State Park\"\nPurchase Survey Marker is in height and is about wide at the base. It typically stands in about of swamp water. The inscription reads: \"\"\"\"This stone marks the base established November 10, 1815, from which the lands of the Louisiana Purchase were surveyed by United States engineers. The first survey from this point was made to satisfy the claims of the soldiers of the War of 1812 with land bounties\"\"\"\". On April 30, 1803, negotiators for the United States and the First French Empire, signed the Louisiana Purchase agreement, by which the United States acquired of land west of the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 5 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3313556", "chunk_text": "\"Louisiana Purchase\"\nlead to Western states being formed, which would likely be Republican, and dilute the political power of New England Federalists. When Spain later objected to the United States purchasing Louisiana from France, Madison responded that America had first approached Spain about purchasing the property, but had been told by Spain itself that America would have to treat with France for the territory. The Louisiana Purchase Treaty was signed on April 30 by Robert Livingston, James Monroe, and François Barbé-Marbois in Paris. Jefferson announced the treaty to the American people on July 4. After the signing of the Louisiana Purchase agreement", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 6 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7373690", "chunk_text": "\"Louisiana State Capitol\"\nand the remaining territory east of the Mississippi was turned over to Great Britain. The French reclaimed Louisiana from the Spanish in 1803 after the Treaty of San Ildefonso in 1800; the territory was then sold as the Louisiana Purchase to the United States. The ceremonial transfers of Louisiana from Spain to France took place in front of the colonial seat of government, the Cabildo, in November 1803, with the transfer from France to the U.S. occurring there, as well, less than a month later. New Orleans continued to be the location of the capital of the Territory of Orleans,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 7 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1103609", "chunk_text": "\"Louisiana Purchase Exposition dollar\"\nsome $15 million, which paid for some of land. The treaty was signed on April 30, 1803, and, although there was some question as to whether there was constitutional power for such a purchase, the American Senate ratified the treaty on October 20, 1803. The United States took formal possession two months later. The Louisiana Purchase doubled the size of the United States, and today forms much of the center of the country. Desirous of honoring the centennial of the purchase, Congress passed authorizing legislation for an exposition; the bill was signed by President William McKinley on March 3, 1901.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 8 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11325470", "chunk_text": "\"Louisiana Purchase\"\ncolonial capital, on December 20, 1803, at the Cabildo, with a flag-raising ceremony in the Plaza de Armas, now Jackson Square. Just three weeks earlier, on November 30, 1803, Spanish officials had formally conveyed the colonial lands and their administration to France. On March 9 and 10, 1804, another ceremony, commemorated as Three Flags Day, was conducted in St. Louis, to transfer ownership of Upper Louisiana from Spain to the French First Republic, and then from France to the United States. From March 10 to September 30, 1804, Upper Louisiana was supervised as a military district, under Commandant Amos Stoddard.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 9 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15096186", "chunk_text": "\"Louisiana Purchase\"\n1804 event is remembered as Three Flags Day. James Monroe and Robert R. Livingston had traveled to Paris to negotiate the purchase of New Orleans in January 1803. Their instructions were to negotiate or purchase control of New Orleans and its environs; they did not anticipate the much larger acquisition which would follow. The Louisiana Purchase was by far the largest territorial gain in U.S. history. Stretching from the Mississippi River to the Rocky Mountains, the purchase doubled the size of the United States. Before 1803, Louisiana had been under Spanish control for forty years. Although Spain aided the rebels", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 10 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1393132", "chunk_text": "\"Louisiana (New Spain)\"\nthe transfer and outlining the conditions. However, Spain agreed to continue administering the colony until French officials arrived and formalized the transfer (1803). The ceremony was conducted at the Cabildo in New Orleans on 30 November 1803, just three weeks before the formalities of cession from France to the United States pursuant to the Louisiana Purchase. Spain was largely a benign absentee landlord administering it from Havana, Cuba, and contracting out governing to people from many nationalities as long as they swore allegiance to Spain. During the American War of Independence, the Spanish funneled their supplies to the American revolutionists", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 11 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15096187", "chunk_text": "\"Louisiana Purchase\"\nin the American Revolutionary War, the Spanish didn't want the Americans to settle in their territory. Although the purchase was thought of by some as unjust and unconstitutional, Jefferson determined that his constitutional power to negotiate treaties allowed the purchase of what became fifteen states. In hindsight, the Louisiana Purchase could be considered one of his greatest contributions to the United States. On April 18, 1802, Jefferson penned a letter to United States Ambassador to France Robert Livingston. It was an intentional exhortation to make this supposedly mild diplomat strongly warn the French of their perilous course. The letter began:", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 12 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3313557", "chunk_text": "\"Louisiana Purchase\"\nin 1803, Livingston made this famous statement, \"\"We have lived long, but this is the noblest work of our whole lives... From this day the United States take their place among the powers of the first rank.\"\" The United States Senate advised and consented to ratification of the treaty with a vote of twenty-four to seven on October 20. The Senators who voted against the treaty were: Simeon Olcott and William Plumer of New Hampshire, William Wells and Samuel White of Delaware, James Hillhouse and Uriah Tracy of Connecticut, and Timothy Pickering of Massachusetts. On the following day, October 21,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 13 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9228185", "chunk_text": "\"Louisiana Purchase\"\nbeen defined in the 1762 Treaty of Fontainebleau that ceded it from France to Spain, nor in the 1801 Third Treaty of San Ildefonso ceding it back to France, nor the 1803 Louisiana Purchase agreement ceding it to the United States. The U.S. claimed Louisiana included the entire western portion of the Mississippi River drainage basin to the crest of the Rocky Mountains and land extending southeast to the Rio Grande and West Florida. Spain insisted that Louisiana comprised no more than the western bank of the Mississippi River and the cities of New Orleans and St. Louis. The dispute", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 14 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17520575", "chunk_text": "\"Avoyelles Parish, Louisiana\"\nthen in Spanish during their brief rule in the late 18th century, with a return to French after France reacquired the area under Napoleon Bonaparte in the early 19th century. He sold the large Louisiana Purchase territory to the United States under President Thomas Jefferson in 1803. As the US expanded its rule, local documents began to be recorded in the English of the new government. After Napoleon sold Louisiana to the United States, its government arranged for expeditions to survey the Louisiana Territory. It hired local French soldiers, surveyors and doctors, many of whom eventually settled in the area.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 15 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11325469", "chunk_text": "\"Louisiana Purchase\"\n1803, the Senate authorized Jefferson to take possession of the territory and establish a temporary military government. In legislation enacted on October 31, Congress made temporary provisions for local civil government to continue as it had under French and Spanish rule and authorized the President to use military forces to maintain order. Plans were also set forth for several missions to explore and chart the territory, the most famous being the Lewis and Clark Expedition. A timeline of legislation can be found at the Library of Congress: American Memory:The Louisiana Purchase Legislative Timeline--1803-1804. France turned over New Orleans, the historic", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 16 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "722534", "chunk_text": "\"Territories of the United States on stamps\"\nthe Louisiana Purchase from France in 1803 under President Thomas Jefferson, known as the architect of the Louisiana Purchase. His portrait is featured on the second stamp of the Louisiana Purchase Exposition issue. This issue of 1904 also featured a 10-cent stamp with an outline of the Louisiana Purchase territory superimposed over a political map of the United States. The Louisiana Purchase sesquicentennial 1953 featured James Monroe, Robert R. Livingston and François Barbé-Marbois, \"\"signing the Louisiana Transfer, Paris 1803\"\". A map of the 1822 Florida Territory was pictured on the statehood commemoration from its original state seal on its 100th", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 17 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12536375", "chunk_text": "\"Louisiana Purchase Sesquicentennial Commemorative Half Dollar\"\nprice of $15 million. The Purchase was ratified by the U.S. Senate on October 20, 1803, and the new land subsequently doubled the size of the United States and opened the door to a new period of westward expansion. Nearing the one hundred year anniversary of the Purchase in 1902, President Theodore Roosevelt signed a bill which authorized the Louisiana Purchase Exposition, which would become known as the St. Louis World Fair, to celebrate the Purchase and the past years of American history. This included the authorization of the creation of gold one-dollar pieces to be created as commemorative coins.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 18 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13479015", "chunk_text": "\"Constitution of Louisiana\"\nApril 20, 1974, and became effective on January 1, 1975. The beginning of statehood for Louisiana began with the Louisiana purchase in 1803. In 1804, the land the United States purchased from France was divided in two territories: 1) the Louisiana Territory (upper territory) and 2) the area below the 33rd parallel (current Louisiana-Arkansas state line), the Orleans Territory each as an organized incorporated territory of the United States. The Territory of Orleans formed the bulk of what today is the State of Louisiana. From the beginning there were border disputes. In 1795, the \"\"Treaty of Friendship, Limits, and Navigation", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 19 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13978942", "chunk_text": "\"Louisiana (New France)\"\nFrance regained sovereignty of the western territory in the secret Third Treaty of San Ildefonso of 1800. But strained by obligations in Europe, Napoleon Bonaparte sold the territory to the United States in the Louisiana Purchase of 1803, ending France's presence in Louisiana. The United States ceded part of the Louisiana Purchase to the United Kingdom in the Treaty of 1818. This section lies above the 49th parallel north in a part of present-day Alberta and Saskatchewan. In the 18th century, Louisiana included most of the Mississippi River basin (see drawing alongside) from what is now the Midwestern United States", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 20 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11325471", "chunk_text": "\"Louisiana Purchase\"\nEffective October 1, 1804, the purchased territory was organized into the Territory of Orleans (most of which would become the state of Louisiana) and the District of Louisiana, which was temporarily under control of the governor and judicial system of the Indiana Territory. The following year, the District of Louisiana was renamed the Territory of Louisiana, aka Louisiana Territory (1805–1812). New Orleans was the administrative capital of the Orleans Territory, and St. Louis was the capital of the Louisiana Territory. A dispute soon arose between Spain and the United States regarding the extent of Louisiana. The territory's boundaries had not", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 21 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15096180", "chunk_text": "\"Louisiana Purchase\"\nof North Dakota; a large portion of South Dakota; the northeastern section of New Mexico; the northern portion of Texas; the area of Montana, Wyoming, and Colorado east of the Continental Divide; Louisiana west of the Mississippi River (plus New Orleans); and small portions of land within the present Canadian provinces of Alberta and Saskatchewan. Its non-native population was around 60,000 inhabitants, of whom half were African slaves. The Kingdom of France controlled the Louisiana territory from 1699 until it was ceded to Spain in 1762. In 1800, Napoleon, then the First Consul of the French Republic, hoping to re-establish", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 22 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13942748", "chunk_text": "\"United States territorial acquisitions\"\nWebster–Ashburton Treaty in 1842. Beginning in the late 18th century, the new nation organized areas west of the Original thirteen states into several United States territories, setting a template for future expansion. The Louisiana Purchase in 1803, was negotiated with Napoleon during the presidency of Thomas Jefferson; the territory was acquired from France for $15 million (equivalent to $ in present-day terms). A small portion of this land was ceded to Britain in 1818 in exchange for the Red River Basin. More of this land was ceded to Spain in 1819 with the Florida Purchase, but was later reacquired through", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 23 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14105007", "chunk_text": "\"Spanish Texas\"\n1799 Spain gave Louisiana back to France, and in 1803 Napoléon Bonaparte (First Consul of the French Republic) sold the territory to the United States of America as part of the Louisiana Purchase, U.S. President Thomas Jefferson (in office: 1801-1809) insisted that the purchase included all land to the east of the Rocky Mountains and to the north of the Rio Grande, although its large southwestern expanse lay within New Spain. The territorial ambiguity remained unresolved until the Adams–Onís Treaty compromise in 1819, when Spain ceded Spanish Florida to the United States in return for recognition of the Sabine River", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 24 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4069982", "chunk_text": "\"Louisiana Purchase Exposition dollar\"\nthe Mississippi basin did not pass to the victors in that war (primarily the British) as it had been secretly transferred to Spain by the 1762 Treaty of Fontainebleau. Napoleon came to power in 1799. Dreaming of a renewed French empire, he secured the return of the Louisiana territory from Spain via the Third Treaty of San Ildefonso the following year, and through other agreements. These pacts were initially secret, and newly inaugurated American President Thomas Jefferson learned of them in 1801. Fearing that the port of New Orleans would be closed to American shipping, he sent former Virginia senator", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 25 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4188334", "chunk_text": "\"Louisiana Territory\"\nthe Louisiana Purchase, in which colonial Louisiana was purchased from France. The Eighth Congress of the United States on March 26, 1804, passed legislation entitled \"\"An act erecting Louisiana into two territories, and providing for the temporary government thereof,\"\" which established the Territory of Orleans and the civil District of Louisiana. This act, which went into effect on October 1, 1804, expanded the authority of the governor and judges of the Indiana Territory to provide temporary jurisdiction over the District of Louisiana. On March 3, 1805, Congress enacted legislation organizing the District of Louisiana into the Louisiana Territory, effective July", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 26 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14852088", "chunk_text": "\"Louisiana Creole people\"\nCreole language developed primarily from the influence of French and African languages, enabling slaves from different tribes and colonists to communicate. Spain ceded Louisiana back to France in 1800 through the Third Treaty of San Ildefonso. Napoleon sold Louisiana (New France) to the United States in the Louisiana Purchase in 1803, following defeat of his forces in Saint-Domingue. He had been trying to regain control of the island colony following a multi-year slave rebellion. Thousands of refugees from the revolution, both whites and \"\"affranchis\"\" or \"\"Gens de Couleur Libres\"\", arrived in New Orleans, often bringing their African slaves with them.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 27 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16453476", "chunk_text": "\"Louisiana (New Spain)\"\nLouisiana (New Spain) Louisiana () was the name of an administrative district of the Viceroyalty of New Spain from 1762 to 1802 that consisted of territory west of the Mississippi River basin, plus New Orleans. Spain acquired the territory from France, which had named it La Louisiane in honor of King Louis XIV in 1682. It is sometimes known as Spanish Louisiana. The district was retroceded to France, under the terms of the Third Treaty of San Ildefonso (1800) and the Treaty of Aranjuez (1801). In 1802, King Charles IV of Spain published a royal bill on 15 October, effecting", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 28 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3313560", "chunk_text": "\"Louisiana Purchase\"\nill-defined British possession—Rupert's Land of British North America, now part of Canada. The Purchase originally extended just beyond the 50th parallel. However, the territory north of the 49th parallel (including the Milk River and Poplar River watersheds) was ceded to the UK in exchange for parts of the Red River Basin south of 49th parallel in the Anglo-American Convention of 1818. The eastern boundary of the Louisiana purchase was the Mississippi River, from its source to the 31st parallel, though the source of the Mississippi was, at the time, unknown. The eastern boundary below the 31st parallel was unclear. The", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 29 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13979003", "chunk_text": "\"Louisiana (New France)\"\nof San Ildefonso, signed in secrecy on October 1, 1800, envisaged the transfer of Western Louisiana as well as New Orleans to France in exchange for the Duchy of Parma. However, Napoleon Bonaparte soon decided not to keep the immense territory. The army he sent to take possession of the colony was first required to put down a revolution in Saint-Domingue (now Haiti); its failure to do so, and the rupture of the Treaty of Amiens with the United Kingdom, prompted him to decide to sell Louisiana to the young United States. This was done on April 30, 1803 for", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 30 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7638651", "chunk_text": "\"Pierre Lafitte\"\nFebruary 6, 1815, for aiding Andrew Jackson in the battle. The United States made the Louisiana Purchase in 1803. In January 1808, the government began to enforce the Embargo Act of 1807, which barred American ships from docking at any foreign port. This was problematic for New Orleans merchants, who had relied heavily on trade with Caribbean colonies of other nations. Pierre and his younger brother Jean began to look for another port from which they could smuggle goods to local merchants. They established themselves on the small and sparsely populated island of Barataria, in Barataria Bay. The bay was", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 31 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15096184", "chunk_text": "\"Louisiana Purchase\"\nand from the areas of the United States west of the Appalachian Mountains. Pinckney's Treaty, signed with Spain on October 27, 1795, gave American merchants \"\"right of deposit\"\" in New Orleans, granting them use of the port to store goods for export. Americans used this right to transport products such as flour, tobacco, pork, bacon, lard, feathers, cider, butter, and cheese. The treaty also recognized American rights to navigate the entire Mississippi, which had become vital to the growing trade of the western territories. In 1798, Spain revoked the treaty allowing American use of New Orleans, greatly upsetting Americans. In", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 32 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20795206", "chunk_text": "\"Colonial history of the United States\"\nnavigation rights on the river and was content to let the \"\"feeble\"\" colonial power stay in control of the area. The situation changed when Napoleon forced Spain to return Louisiana to France in 1802 and threatened to close the river to American vessels. Alarmed, the United States offered to buy New Orleans. Napoleon needed funds to wage another war with Great Britain, and he doubted that France could defend such a huge and distant territory. He therefore offered to sell all of Louisiana for $15 million. The United States completed the Louisiana Purchase in 1803, doubling the size of the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 33 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11325458", "chunk_text": "\"Louisiana Purchase\"\nbut, fearing a slave revolt at home, Jefferson and Congress refused to recognize the new republic, the second in the Western Hemisphere, and imposed a trade embargo against it. This, together with later claims by France to reconquer Haiti, encouraged by the United Kingdom, made it more difficult for Haiti to recover after ten years of wars. In 1803, Pierre Samuel du Pont de Nemours, a French nobleman, began to help negotiate with France at the request of Jefferson. Du Pont was living in the United States at the time and had close ties to Jefferson as well as the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 34 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3313545", "chunk_text": "\"Louisiana Purchase\"\nhis yet, Napoleon decided to sell the entire territory. Although the foreign minister Talleyrand opposed the plan, on April 10, 1803, Napoleon told the Treasury Minister François Barbé-Marbois that he was considering selling the entire Louisiana Territory to the United States. On April 11, 1803, just days before Monroe's arrival, Barbé-Marbois offered Livingston all of Louisiana for $15 million, which averages to less than three cents per acre (7¢/ha). The American representatives were prepared to pay up to $10 million for New Orleans and its environs, but were dumbfounded when the vastly larger territory was offered for $15 million. Jefferson", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 35 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11489250", "chunk_text": "\"Spanish Texas\"\nplaced in Nacogdoches in 1790 to keep foreigners from settling in the area. Immigrants from the United States were allowed to settle in Louisiana and Florida after taking an oath of allegiance, but were not required to convert to Roman Catholicism. In 1799, Spain gave Louisiana back to France in exchange for the promise of a throne in central Italy. Although the agreement was signed on October 1, 1800, it did not go into effect until 1802. The following year, Napoleon sold Louisiana to the United States. Many of the Spaniards who had moved to the colony left for Texas,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 36 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "244113", "chunk_text": "\"Thomas Jefferson\"\ntyranny.\"\" Spain ceded ownership of the Louisiana territory in 1800 to the more predominant France. Jefferson was greatly concerned that Napoleon's broad interests in the vast territory would threaten the security of the continent and Mississippi River shipping. He wrote that the cession \"\"works most sorely on the U.S. It completely reverses all the political relations of the U.S.\"\" In 1802, he instructed James Monroe and Robert R. Livingston to negotiate with Napoleon to purchase New Orleans and adjacent coastal areas from France. In early 1803, Jefferson offered Napoleon nearly $10 million for of tropical territory. Napoleon realized that French", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 37 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3343424", "chunk_text": "Louisiana\non March 9, 1804, when a French tricolor was raised near the river, replacing the Spanish national flag. The following day, Captain Amos Stoddard of the First U.S. Artillery marched his troops into town and had the American flag run up the fort's flagpole. The Louisiana territory was officially transferred to the United States government, represented by Meriwether Lewis. The Louisiana Territory, purchased for less than 3 cents an acre, doubled the size of the United States overnight, without a war or the loss of a single American life, and set a precedent for the purchase of territory. It opened", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 38 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19446132", "chunk_text": "Caddo\nmore French and other European settlers. Among such settlements are the present-day communities of Elysian Fields and Nacogdoches, Texas, and Natchitoches, Louisiana. In the latter two towns, early explorers and settlers kept the original Caddo names of the villages. Having given way over years before the power of the former Ohio Valley tribes, the later Caddo negotiated for peace with the waves of Spanish, French, and finally Anglo-American settlers. After the 1803 Louisiana Purchase, by which the United States took over the former French colonial territory west of the Mississippi River, the US government sought to ally with the Caddo", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 39 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15473815", "chunk_text": "\"Louisiana Creole\"\nspeakers of the new grammar), it could effectively be classified as a creole language. The boundaries of historical Louisiana were shared by the Spaniards and the Anglo-Americans. By the time of the Louisiana Purchase by the U.S in 1803, the boundaries came to include most of the Central U.S, ranging from present day Montana; parts of North Dakota, Wyoming, Colorado; all of South Dakota, Nebraksa, and Kansas; part of Southeast Texas; all of Oklahoma; most of Missouri and Arkansas; as well as Louisiana. The first document found to acknowledge the existence of the Louisiana Creole was a transcript from a", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 40 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15096182", "chunk_text": "\"Louisiana Purchase\"\nto acquire any territory. Jefferson agreed that the U.S. Constitution did not contain explicit provisions for acquiring territory, but he asserted that his constitutional power to negotiate treaties was sufficient. Throughout the second half of the 18th century, Louisiana was a pawn on the chessboard of European politics. It was controlled by the French, who had a few small settlements along the Mississippi and other main rivers. France ceded the territory to Spain in the secret Treaty of Fontainebleau (1762). Following French defeat in the Seven Years' War, Spain gained control of the territory west of the Mississippi and the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 41 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12629636", "chunk_text": "Missouri\nincreased river trade. Napoleon Bonaparte had gained Louisiana for French ownership from Spain in 1800 under the Treaty of San Ildefonso, after it had been a Spanish colony since 1762. But the treaty was kept secret. Louisiana remained nominally under Spanish control until a transfer of power to France on November 30, 1803, just three weeks before the cession to the United States. Part of the 1803 Louisiana Purchase by the United States, Missouri earned the nickname \"\"Gateway to the West\"\" because it served as a major departure point for expeditions and settlers heading to the West during the 19th", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 42 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19496735", "chunk_text": "\"Louisiana Purchase Historic State Park\"\nLouisiana Purchase Historic State Park The Louisiana Purchase Historic State Park commemorates the initial point from which the lands acquired through the Louisiana Purchase (1803) were subsequently surveyed. The protected area encompasses of forested wetlands, a landform which is regionally in decline due to agricultural development practices that include draining such areas. In the center of the park is a marker erected in 1926 on the survey point by the L'Anguille Chapter of the Daughters of the American Revolution. The site was listed on the National Register of Historic Places (1972) and designated as a National Historic Landmark (1993). The", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 43 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18918756", "chunk_text": "\"Calcasieu Parish, Louisiana\"\nlarge tract of land between the Rio Hondo (now Calcasieu River) and the Sabine River, known for years as the \"\"Neutral Strip\"\". The area became a refuge for outlaws and filibusters from Carolina, Georgia, and Mississippi of the United States, which had recently gained independence from Great Britain. The territory was disputed for years between Spain and the United States after France had ceded Louisiana to the American government as part of the Louisiana Purchase of 1803. It was definitively acquired by the United States from Spain with the Adams-Onis Treaty in 1819. The treaty was formally ratified on February", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 44 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4188333", "chunk_text": "\"Louisiana Territory\"\nLouisiana Territory The Territory of Louisiana or Louisiana Territory was an organized incorporated territory of the United States that existed from July 4, 1805, until June 4, 1812, when it was renamed the Missouri Territory. Louisiana Territory was formed out of the Indiana Territory-administered District of Louisiana, which consisted of all Louisiana Purchase lands north of the 33rd parallel. The 33rd parallel now forms the southern border of Arkansas and the northern border of Louisiana. The territory's predecessor, the District of Louisiana, as well as the District of Orleans, were formed from the lands acquired by the United States in", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 45 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5949369", "chunk_text": "\"Convention of 1800\"\narguments in Congress over the inclusion of Clause II meant it was not fully ratified until December 21, 1801. At the time, the Convention was generally viewed unfavourably in the US, especially the issue of compensation which was not finally settled until 1915. It also did little to address concerns over French objectives in North America; Charles Pinckney, US Ambassador to Spain, was instructed to acquire Louisiana and the Floridas from Spain but without success. However, modern historians argue that by ending the dispute with France, it facilitated the Louisiana Purchase, while the US was not yet powerful enough to", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 46 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5819058", "chunk_text": "\"Caddo Lake State Park\"\nshort while later. In early 1803, diplomat James Monroe was sent to France to negotiate purchasing Louisiana from France. Louisiana was bought from France later that year. This was known as the Louisiana Purchase, which doubled the size of the United States. The northeastern part of Texas was thought to be included in the purchase. There was no official border between Louisiana and Texas, which caused disputes between Spain and the United States. In 1806, United States General James Wilkinson and Spanish Lieutenant Colonel Simón de Herrera attempted to negotiate establishing a border between the two nations. On November 5,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 47 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12419884", "chunk_text": "\"Bryan v. Kennett\"\nhouse, blacksmith shop, and other improvements. In 1799, Spanish officials conducted a survey of the land and in 1802, the Spanish governor at New Orleans granted Austin the surveyed land. However, in the meantime Spain had returned Louisiana to France by operation of the Third Treaty of San Ildefonso in 1800, although Louisiana remained nominally under Spanish control until 1803, just before France sold it to the United States in the Louisiana Purchase. The land granted to Austin by the Spanish governor was therefore owned by France at the time of the 1802 grant and came under the jurisdiction of", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 48 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13684677", "chunk_text": "\"Auguste Chouteau\"\nfirm, but Chouteau continued trade with the Osage on the Verdigris. Yet the Spanish competition was short-lived, as the Louisiana Territory was transferred first to France in 1800, then the United States in 1803. Late that year, Chouteau provided valuable information to the Lewis and Clark Expedition about the population of the Louisiana territory, along with observations of wildlife and local villages. In early 1804, Lewis and Clark purchased materials from Chouteau's trading house in St. Louis, and on March 9, 1804, Chouteau hosted the new American commander of the Upper Louisiana during the transfer ceremonies for the Louisiana Purchase.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 49 } ]
test_3504	what is the name of india 29 state?	n/a	[ "Rajasthan" ]	[]	n/a	n/a	n/a	[]	[ { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "241384", "chunk_text": "\"Tamil Nadu\"\nTamil Nadu Tamil Nadu (\"\"Tamiḻ Nāḍu\"\" \"\"Tamil Country\"\", formerly Madras State) is one of the 29 states of India. Its capital and largest city is Chennai (formerly known as Madras). Tamil Nadu lies in the southernmost part of the Indian subcontinent and is bordered by the union territory of Puducherry and the South Indian states of Kerala, Karnataka, and Andhra Pradesh. It is bounded by the Eastern Ghats on the north, by the Nilgiri Mountains, the Anaimalai Hills, and Kerala on the west, by the Bay of Bengal in the east, by the Gulf of Mannar and the Palk Strait", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 0 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11930648", "chunk_text": "\"States Reorganisation Commission\"\nof creating a new state from the Telangana region of Andhra Pradesh. In early 2014, the Andhra Pradesh Reorganisation Act, 2014 was approved by the Indian parliament, and Telangana became India's 29th state on 2 June 2014. The Akali Dal, a Sikh-dominated political party active mainly in Punjab, sought to create a Punjabi Suba (a Punjabi-majority) province. This new state would be a Sikh-majority state, which caused concern among the Punjabi Hindus. The Sikh leaders such Fateh Singh tactically stressed the linguistic basis of the demand, while downplaying its religious basis — a state where the distinct Sikh identity could", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 1 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3505004", "chunk_text": "\"Proposed states and territories of India\"\nyear. Goa's northern exclaves of Daman and Diu became a separate union territory. Three new states were created in November 2000: Chhattisgarh (1 November) was created out of eastern Madhya Pradesh; Uttaranchal (9 November), which was later renamed Uttarakhand, was created out of the mountainous districts of northwest Uttar Pradesh; and Jharkhand (15 November) was created out of the southern districts of Bihar. On 2 June 2014, Telangana was separated from Andhra Pradesh as the 29th state of the union. The agitation for the creation of a separate Bodoland state resulted in an agreement between the Indian Government, the Assam", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 2 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16016534", "chunk_text": "\"Tamil Nadu\"\nthe Cholas and the Shore Temple along with the collection of other monuments in Mahabalipuram (also called Mamallapuram) have been declared as UNESCO World Heritage Sites. Erwadi in Ramanathapuram district is one of the major Islamic tourist attraction site. Tamil Nadu Tamil Nadu (\"\"Tamiḻ Nāḍu\"\" \"\"Tamil Country\"\", formerly Madras State) is one of the 29 states of India. Its capital and largest city is Chennai (formerly known as Madras). Tamil Nadu lies in the southernmost part of the Indian subcontinent and is bordered by the union territory of Puducherry and the South Indian states of Kerala, Karnataka, and Andhra Pradesh.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 3 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11467431", "chunk_text": "\"States and union territories of India\"\nStates and union territories of India India is a federal union comprising 29 states and 7 union territories, for a total of 36 entities. The states and union territories are further subdivided into districts and smaller administrative divisions. The Constitution of India distributes the sovereign executive and legislative powers exercisable with respect to the territory of any State between the Union and that State. The Indian subcontinent has been ruled by many different ethnic groups throughout its history, each instituting their own policies of administrative division in the region. During the British Raj, the original administrative structure was mostly kept,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 4 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12707743", "chunk_text": "\"National Highway 27 (India)\"\nNational Highway 27 (India) National Highway 27 (NH 27), an East - West National highway in India that starts from Porbandar and terminates in Silchar, the highway passes through the states of Gujarat, Rajasthan, Madhya Pradesh, Uttar Pradesh, Bihar, West Bengal, Assam. NH-27 was laid and is maintained by Ministry of Road Transport and Highways (MoRTH). This is the second longest National Highway in India after National Highway 44 and is a part of NS-EW Corridor of NHAI. National highway 27 transits across seven states of India in east - west direction. Porbandar, Bamanbore, Morvi, Samakhiali, Radhanpur, Palanpur Abu Road,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 5 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18884455", "chunk_text": "\"Government of India\"\nGovernment of India The Government of India (IAST: ), often abbreviated as GoI, is the union government created by the constitution of India as the legislative, executive and judicial authority of the union of 29 states and seven union territories of a constitutionally democratic republic. It is located in New Delhi, the capital of India. Modelled after the Westminster system for governing the state, the union government is mainly composed of the executive, the legislature, and the judiciary, in which all powers are vested by the constitution in the prime minister, parliament and the supreme court. The President of India", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 6 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7175848", "chunk_text": "Odisha\nOdisha Odisha (, ; , ) (formerly known as Orissa) is one of the 29 states of India. Located in eastern India, it is surrounded by the states of West Bengal to the north-east, Jharkhand to the north, Chhattisgarh to the west and north-west, and Andhra Pradesh to the south. Odisha has of coastline along the Bay of Bengal on its east, from Balasore to Ganjam. It is the 9th largest state by area, and the 11th largest by population. It is also the 3rd most populous state of India in terms of tribal population. Odia is the official and", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 7 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12949069", "chunk_text": "\"Arunachal Pradesh\"\nArunachal Law Academy at Itanagar. The College of Horticulture and Forestry is affiliated to the Central Agricultural University, Imphal. Arunachal Pradesh Arunachal Pradesh (, \"\"the land of dawn-lit mountains\"\") is one of the 29 states of India and is the northeastern-most state of the country. Arunachal Pradesh borders the states of Assam and Nagaland to the south and shares international borders with Bhutan in the west, Myanmar in the east and is separated from China in the north by the McMahon Line. Itanagar is the capital of the state. A major part of the state is claimed by the Republic", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 8 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6771115", "chunk_text": "Uttarakhand\nUttarakhand Uttarakhand (), officially the State of Uttarakhand, formerly known as Uttaranchal, is a state in the northern part of India. It is often referred to as the \"\"Devabhumi\"\" (literally \"\"Land of the Gods\"\") due to a large number of Hindu temples and pilgrimage centres found throughout the state. Uttarakhand is known for the natural environment of the Himalayas, the Bhabhar and the Terai. On 9 November 2000, Uttarakhand became the 27th state of the Republic of India, being created from the Himalayan districts of Uttar Pradesh. It borders Tibet to the north; the Sudurpashchim Pradesh of Nepal to the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 9 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4179797", "chunk_text": "\"National Highway 19 (India)\"\nNational Highway 19 (India) National Highway 19 (NH 19) is a National Highway in India. Often referred to as Delhi–Kolkata Road, it is one of the busiest National Highways in India. It was earlier known as NH 2 before renumbering of all national highways by National Highway Authority of India in 2010. The highway has a length of and runs through the states of Delhi, Uttar Pradesh, Bihar, Jharkhand, and West Bengal. It constitutes a major portion of the historical Grand Trunk Road along with NH 1 and NH 91 in India. The lengths of the highway in each state", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 10 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7770319", "chunk_text": "\"State Highway 29 (Kerala)\"\nState Highway 29 (Kerala) State Highway 29 (SH 29) is a State Highway in Kerala, India that starts at junction of NH 212 at Chundale near Kalpetta and ends in Kerala State Boundary with Tamil Nadu. This highway was originally Kozhikode - Vythiri - State Border and was 97 km long. After the section of the highway from Kozhikode until Chundale became part of NH 212, this highway is now 31.0 km long. This highway now passes through only Wayanad district. NH 212 - Chundale - Meppadi - Vaduvanchal - Choladi - State Boundary - Road to Gudalur & Ooty", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 11 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7770318", "chunk_text": "\"State Highway 29 (Kerala)\"\nState Highway 29 (Kerala) State Highway 29 (SH 29) is a State Highway in Kerala, India that starts at junction of NH 212 at Chundale near Kalpetta and ends in Kerala State Boundary with Tamil Nadu. This highway was originally Kozhikode - Vythiri - State Border and was 97 km long. After the section of the highway from Kozhikode until Chundale became part of NH 212, this highway is now 31.0 km long. This highway now passes through only Wayanad district. NH 212 - Chundale - Meppadi - Vaduvanchal - Choladi - State Boundary - Road to Gudalur & Ooty", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 12 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11094924", "chunk_text": "\"National Highway 30 (India)\"\nNational Highway 30 (India) National Highway 30 (NH 30) (previously National Highway 221) is a National Highway in India. NH 30 connects Sitarganj in Uttarakhand with Ibrahimpatnam in Andhra Pradesh. The total length of this highway is 2040 km (1267.5 mi) It starts at the junction of NH 9 at Sitarganj and ends at the junction of NH 65 at Ibrahimpatnam.Development of Ibrahimpatnam-Jagadalpur Route is underprocess . Rajdeep Rohan joint venture is the contract agency for this project. Second bridge is under construction at Pilgrimage city Bhadrachalam which is famous for temple of Lord Shri.Rama . It starts at the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 13 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11094925", "chunk_text": "\"National Highway 30 (India)\"\njunction of Sitarganj, Pilibhit, Bareilly, Shahjahanpur, Sitapur, Lucknow, Raebareli, Allahabad , Rewa, Jabalpur, Mandla, Raipur, Dhamtari, , Kanker, Keskal, Jagdalpur, Sukma, Konta, Nellipaka, Bhadrachalam, Paloncha, Kothagudem and Ibrahimpatnam. National Highway 30 (India) National Highway 30 (NH 30) (previously National Highway 221) is a National Highway in India. NH 30 connects Sitarganj in Uttarakhand with Ibrahimpatnam in Andhra Pradesh. The total length of this highway is 2040 km (1267.5 mi) It starts at the junction of NH 9 at Sitarganj and ends at the junction of NH 65 at Ibrahimpatnam.Development of Ibrahimpatnam-Jagadalpur Route is underprocess . Rajdeep Rohan joint venture is", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 14 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7108024", "chunk_text": "\"Kolhapur State\"\nKolhapur State Kolhapur State or Kolhapur Maratha Kingdom (1710–1949) was a Maratha princely State of British India, under the Deccan Division of the Bombay Presidency, and later the Deccan States Agency. It was considered the most important of the Maratha principalities with the others being Baroda State, Gwalior State and Indore State. Its rulers, of the Bhonsle dynasty, were entitled to a 19-gun salute – thus Kolhapur was also known as a 19-gun state. The state flag was a swallow-tailed orange pennant. Kolhapur State, together with its \"\"jagirs\"\" or feudatory vassal estates (including Ichalkaranji), covered an area of 3,165 square", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 15 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1033938", "chunk_text": "\"States and union territories of India\"\n22nd state of the Indian Union and the state's monarchy was abolished. In 1987, Arunachal Pradesh and Mizoram became states on 20 February, followed by Goa on 30 May, while Goa's northern exclaves of Daman and Diu and Dadra and Nagar Haveli became separate union territories. In November 2000, three new states were created; namely, Chhattisgarh from eastern Madhya Pradesh, Uttaranchal from northwest Uttar Pradesh (renamed Uttarakhand in 2007) and Jharkhand from southern districts of Bihar. Orissa was renamed as Odisha in 2011. Telangana was created on 2 June 2014 as ten former districts of north-western Andhra Pradesh. States and", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 16 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2423739", "chunk_text": "\"Nomenclature of States in North East India\"\nNomenclature of States in North East India North East India is the north easternmost part of India. It comprises seven states; namely Assam, Tripura, Manipur, Arunachal Pradesh, Meghalaya, Mizoram and Nagaland. The states of Assam (Kamarupa & Davaka), Tripura, and Manipur are ancient in existence, while rest curbed out from Assam in late twentieth century, i.e., Nagaland in 1963, Meghalaya in 1972, Arunachal Pradesh in 1975 and the state of Mizoram come into existence as late as 1987. It is common in names of North Eastern Indian states like rest of country of usage of Sanskrit word referring to quality", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 17 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16965493", "chunk_text": "\"Uttar Pradesh\"\nUttar Pradesh Uttar Pradesh (; IAST: \"\"Uttar Pradeś\"\" ) is a state in northern India. Abbreviated as UP, it is the most populous state in the Republic of India as well as the most populous country subdivision in the world. It is located in the northern region of the Indian subcontinent, has over 200 million inhabitants. It was created on 1 April 1937 as the United Provinces of Agra and Oudh during British rule, and was renamed \"\"Uttar Pradesh\"\" in 1950. The state is divided into 18 divisions and 75 districts with the capital being Lucknow. The main ethnic group", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 18 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2844643", "chunk_text": "Chhattisgarh\nChhattisgarh Chhattisgarh (, translation: \"\"Thirty-Six Forts\"\") is one of the 29 states of India, located in the centre-east of the country. It is the tenth-largest state in India, with an area of . With a population of 25.5 million, Chhattisgarh is the 17th-most populated state in the country. A resource-rich state, it is a source of electricity and steel for the country, accounting for 15% of the total steel produced. Chhattisgarh is one of the fastest-developing states in India. The state was formed on 1 November 2000 by partitioning 10 Chhattisgarhi and 6 Gondi speaking southeastern districts of Madhya Pradesh.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 19 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6444882", "chunk_text": "Chhattisgarh\nIndia, is endowed with a rich cultural heritage and attractive natural diversity. The state is full of ancient monuments, rare wildlife, exquisitely carved temples, Buddhist sites, palaces, waterfalls, caves, rock paintings and hill plateaus. There are many water falls, hot springs, caves, temples, dams and national parks and wildlife sanctuaries in Chhattisgarh. According to the census of 2011, Chhattisgarh's literacy, the most basic indicator of education was at 71.04 per cent. Female literacy is at 60.59 per cent. Data from Census of India, 2011. Chhattisgarh Chhattisgarh (, translation: \"\"Thirty-Six Forts\"\") is one of the 29 states of India, located in", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 20 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16363789", "chunk_text": "\"Chief minister (India)\"\nto make any major policy decisions during his/her short tenure as caretaker. By Article 164 of the constitution of India, remuneration of the chief minister as well as other ministers are to be decided by the respective state legislatures. Hence this varies from state to state. Chief minister (India) In the Republic of India, a chief minister is the elected head of government of each of Twenty nine states and seven union territories (Delhi and Pondicherry). According to the Constitution of India, the Governor is a state's \"\"de jure\"\" head, but \"\"de facto\"\" executive authority rests with the chief minister.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 21 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12707744", "chunk_text": "\"National Highway 27 (India)\"\nPindwara, Udaipur, Mangalwar, Chittaurgarh, Kota, Baran Shivpuri, Ganj Jhansi, Kanpur, Lucknow, Faizabad, Basti, Gorakhpur Gopalganj, Pipra Kothi, Muzaffarpur, Darbhanga, Jhanjharpur, Forbesganj, Araria, Purnia,Kishanganj Dalkhola, Islampur, Bagdogra, Shiliguri, Jalpaiguri, Mainaguri, Dhupguri, Falakata, Sonapur, Alipurduar, Salsabari Bongaigaon, Bijini, Patacharkuchi, Nalbari, Dishpur, Nagaon, Lumding, Haflong, Silchar National Highway 27 (India) National Highway 27 (NH 27), an East - West National highway in India that starts from Porbandar and terminates in Silchar, the highway passes through the states of Gujarat, Rajasthan, Madhya Pradesh, Uttar Pradesh, Bihar, West Bengal, Assam. NH-27 was laid and is maintained by Ministry of Road Transport and Highways (MoRTH). This", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 22 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12949022", "chunk_text": "\"Arunachal Pradesh\"\nArunachal Pradesh Arunachal Pradesh (, \"\"the land of dawn-lit mountains\"\") is one of the 29 states of India and is the northeastern-most state of the country. Arunachal Pradesh borders the states of Assam and Nagaland to the south and shares international borders with Bhutan in the west, Myanmar in the east and is separated from China in the north by the McMahon Line. Itanagar is the capital of the state. A major part of the state is claimed by the Republic of China, and the People's Republic of China referring to it as \"\"South Tibet\"\". During the 1962 Sino-Indian war,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 23 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10826607", "chunk_text": "\"Chief minister (India)\"\nChief minister (India) In the Republic of India, a chief minister is the elected head of government of each of Twenty nine states and seven union territories (Delhi and Pondicherry). According to the Constitution of India, the Governor is a state's \"\"de jure\"\" head, but \"\"de facto\"\" executive authority rests with the chief minister. Following elections to the state legislative assembly in a state, the state's governor usually invites the party (or coalition) with a majority of seats to form the government. The governor appoints and swears in the chief minister, whose council of ministers are collectively responsible to the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 24 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10125268", "chunk_text": "\"Punjab, India\"\nPunjab, India Punjab () is a state in northern India. Forming part of the larger Punjab region of the Indian subcontinent, the state is bordered by the Indian states of Jammu and Kashmir to the north, Himachal Pradesh to the east, Haryana to the south and southeast, Rajasthan to the southwest, and the Pakistani province of Punjab to the west. The state covers an area of 50,362 square kilometres, 1.53% of India's total geographical area. It is the 20th-largest Indian state by area. With 27,704,236 inhabitants at the 2011 census, Punjab is the 16th-largest state by population, comprising 22 districts.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 25 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8366377", "chunk_text": "\"Multinational state\"\n212 scheduled tribal groups, which together constitute about 7.5% of the country's population. India has a Muslim-majority state (Jammu and Kashmir) and a Muslim-majority union territory (Lakshadweep); three Christian-majority states (Meghalaya, Mizoram, and Nagaland); and a Sikh-majority state (Punjab). Most of its states are based on ethnicity, including Uttar Pradesh, Madhya Pradesh, Rajasthan, and Chhatisgarh (Hindustani), Tamil Nadu (Tamil), Andhra Pradesh and Telangana (Telugu), Karnataka (Kannadigas), Odisha (Odia), Jammu and Kashmir (Dogras and Kashmiris), Goa (Konkanis), Gujarat (Gujarati), West Bengal (Bengali), Maharashtra (Marathi), Punjab (Punjabi), Haryana (Haryanvi), and Kerala (Malayali). Furthermore, several Indian states are themselves ethnically, religiously, and linguistically", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 26 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3669499", "chunk_text": "\"National Highway 19 (India)\"\nGhangri, Beliyad West Bengal Durgapur, Palsit and Dankuni. National Highway 19 (India) National Highway 19 (NH 19) is a National Highway in India. Often referred to as Delhi–Kolkata Road, it is one of the busiest National Highways in India. It was earlier known as NH 2 before renumbering of all national highways by National Highway Authority of India in 2010. The highway has a length of and runs through the states of Delhi, Uttar Pradesh, Bihar, Jharkhand, and West Bengal. It constitutes a major portion of the historical Grand Trunk Road along with NH 1 and NH 91 in India.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 27 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7175895", "chunk_text": "Odisha\n4 km and tend to disappear rhythmically. The share of foreign tourists’ arrival in the State is below one percent of total foreign tourist arrivals at all India level. Odisha Odisha (, ; , ) (formerly known as Orissa) is one of the 29 states of India. Located in eastern India, it is surrounded by the states of West Bengal to the north-east, Jharkhand to the north, Chhattisgarh to the west and north-west, and Andhra Pradesh to the south. Odisha has of coastline along the Bay of Bengal on its east, from Balasore to Ganjam. It is the 9th largest", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 28 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20440040", "chunk_text": "\"National Highway 2 (India, old numbering)\"\nNational Highway 2 (India, old numbering) Old National Highway 2 or Old NH 2, (currently National Highway 19 (India)) was a major National Highway in India, that connected the states of Delhi, Haryana, Uttar Pradesh, Bihar, Jharkhand, and West Bengal. It constitutes a major portion of the historical Grand Trunk Road along with old NH 91 and old NH 1 in India. The highway connects national capital Delhi with Kolkata as well as important cities such as Faridabad, Mathura, Agra, Kanpur, Allahabad, Varanasi, Dhanbad and Asansol. This NH has been renumbered as NH 19 and NH 44 after renumbering of", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 29 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15611602", "chunk_text": "Tripura\nthe Tripuri tribe and the predominantly immigrant Bengali community led to scattered violence, and an insurgency spanning decades. This gradually abated following the establishment of a tribal autonomous district council and the use of strategic counter-insurgency operations. Tripura remains peaceful, as of 2016. Tripura is a landlocked state in North East India, where the seven contiguous states – Arunachal Pradesh, Assam, Manipur, Meghalaya, Mizoram, Nagaland and Tripura – are collectively known as the Seven Sister States. Spread over , Tripura is the third-smallest among the 29 states in the country, behind Goa and Sikkim. It extends from 22°56'N to 24°32'N,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 30 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "124577", "chunk_text": "\"National Highway 28 (India, old numbering)\"\nNational Highway 28 (India, old numbering) National Highway 28 is a National Highway in India that links Lucknow in Uttar Pradesh to Barauni in Bihar. It crosses into Bihar about from Kushinagar. It joins National Highway 31 at Barauni north of the river Ganges. The total length of NH 28 is . It traverses in Bihar and in Uttar Pradesh. National Highway 28 links the industrial town of Barauni in Bihar with the capital city of Uttar Pradesh, Lucknow, via Gorakhpur. It spans across the districts of Begusarai, Samastipur, Muzaffarpur, East Champaran and Gopalganj in Bihar and Kushinagar, Deoria, Gorakhpur,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 31 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14427266", "chunk_text": "\"Political integration of India\"\nThis recommendation was rejected by the Government of India, and Telangana was merged into Andhra Pradesh. The result was the emergence in the 1960s of a movement demanding a separate Telangana state. The demand has been accepted by the Union Government, leading to formation of Telangana as the 29th state of India in June 2014. A similar movement, although less strong, exists in the Vidarbha region of Maharashtra, which consists of the former Nagpur state and the Berar region of the former Hyderabad state. The integration process repeatedly brought Indian and Pakistani leaders into conflict. During negotiations, Jinnah, representing the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 32 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9084755", "chunk_text": "\"Nomenclature of States in North East India\"\nas found in British anthropological and official records. Another theory points to the usage by people of Assam where Naga meaning 'naked', is used for 'primitive man living in natural surroundings in uncorrupted form'. Nomenclature of States in North East India North East India is the north easternmost part of India. It comprises seven states; namely Assam, Tripura, Manipur, Arunachal Pradesh, Meghalaya, Mizoram and Nagaland. The states of Assam (Kamarupa & Davaka), Tripura, and Manipur are ancient in existence, while rest curbed out from Assam in late twentieth century, i.e., Nagaland in 1963, Meghalaya in 1972, Arunachal Pradesh in 1975", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 33 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20420884", "chunk_text": "\"Baroda State\"\nBaroda State Baroda State was a princely state in present-day Gujarat, ruled by the Gaekwad dynasty of the Maratha Confederacy from its formation in 1721 until 1949 when it acceded to the newly formed Union of India. With the city of Baroda (Vadodara) as its capital, during the British Raj its relations with the British were managed by the Baroda Residency. At the time of Indian independence, only five rulers—the Nizam of Hyderabad, the Maharaja of Mysore, the Maharaja of Jammu and Kashmir, the Maharaja Shrimant Gaekwar of Baroda and the Maharaja Scindia of Gwalior—were entitled to a 21-gun salute.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 34 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7785386", "chunk_text": "\"All India Services\"\nas they continue to be a member of the respective Service. Twenty-four states have their own cadre, but there are also two joint cadres: Assam-Meghalaya, and Arunachal Pradesh-Goa-Mizoram-Union Territories (AGMUT). The Manipur-Tripura joint cadre was separated into Manipur and Tripura in 2014. There are State Cadres and the Officers of All India Services (AIS) - Indian Administrative Service (IAS), Indian Forest Service (IFS) and Indian Police Service (IPS), - are divided into State cadres. When on probation the All India Service officers are allocated to their States. Officers of All India Services working with the Union Government are posted on", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 35 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19153143", "chunk_text": "\"Sachin State\"\nSachin State The Sachin State (; ) was a princely state belonging to the Surat Agency, former Khandesh Agency, of the Bombay Presidency during the era of the British Raj. Its capital was in Sachin, the southernmost town of present-day Surat district of Gujarat State. Sachin state was founded on 6 June 1791. Though over 85% of the subjects were Hindu, the state was ruled by Sunni Muslims of the Siddi dynasty of Danfa-Rajpuri and Janjira State. The Siddi dynasty is of Abyssinian (Habesha) origin. Sachin State was under the protection of the Maratha Peshwa until it became a British", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 36 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "124581", "chunk_text": "\"National Highway 28 (India, old numbering)\"\npoints on the way. National Highway 28 (India, old numbering) National Highway 28 is a National Highway in India that links Lucknow in Uttar Pradesh to Barauni in Bihar. It crosses into Bihar about from Kushinagar. It joins National Highway 31 at Barauni north of the river Ganges. The total length of NH 28 is . It traverses in Bihar and in Uttar Pradesh. National Highway 28 links the industrial town of Barauni in Bihar with the capital city of Uttar Pradesh, Lucknow, via Gorakhpur. It spans across the districts of Begusarai, Samastipur, Muzaffarpur, East Champaran and Gopalganj in Bihar", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 37 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17566932", "chunk_text": "Istimrari\nIstimrari The Istimrari estates were small feudal states (originally jagirs) in the 17th and 18th century Rajputana, the pre-1949 name of the present-day Indian state of Rājasthān, the largest state of the Republic of India. The Istimrari chieftains paid tribute to their masters but were not compelled to participate in wars unless called upon by their respective chiefs. In the Indian feudal system of 17th and 18th century, there were 66 Istimararis in the Rajputana (North west India). The Istimrari estates were originally only Jagirs, held under obligation of military service. The Marathas, however, who found it impolitic to encourage", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 38 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19152983", "chunk_text": "\"Saurashtra (state)\"\nSaurashtra (state) Saurashtra, also known as United State of Kathiawar, was a separate, western State within the Union of India from 1948 until 1956, on Saurashtra alias Kathiawar peninsula, with Rajkot as its capital, on territory now part of Gujarat state. The Saurashtra State was originally named the United State of Kathiawar. It was formed on 15 February 1948, out of approximately 200 large and small Princely States of the colonial Baroda, Western India and Gujarat States Agency of the British raj territory under direct colonial rule. The name of State was given after the Kathiawar and Saurahstra region both", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 39 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8654640", "chunk_text": "India\nabides by constitutional checks and balances. The Constitution of India, which came into effect on 26 January 1950, states in its preamble that India is a sovereign, socialist, secular, democratic republic. India's form of government, traditionally described as \"\"quasi-federal\"\" with a strong centre and weak states, has grown increasingly federal since the late 1990s as a result of political, economic, and social changes. The Government of India comprises three branches: India is a federal union comprising 29 states and 7 union territories. All states, as well in addition to the union territories of Puducherry and the National Capital Territory of", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 40 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16351039", "chunk_text": "\"United States of Matsya\"\nUnited States of Matsya The United States of Matsya, also called Matsya Union or Matsya Sangh, was a State of India which was formed on 17 March 1948 by the merger of four erstwhile princely states, Alwar, Bharatpur, Dholpur, and Karauli after accession. Shobha Ram of Indian National Congress was the first and last chief minister of the State from 18 March 1948 till 15 May 1949. Maharaja of Dholpur became its Rajpramukh. On 15 May 1949, the Matsya Union was merged with Greater Rajasthan, to form the United State of Rajasthan, which later became the state of Rajasthan on", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 41 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3505029", "chunk_text": "\"Proposed states and territories of India\"\nMaharashtra state government. Jambuwantrao Dhote led a popular struggle for Vidarbha statehood in the 1970s. Two politicians, N. K. P. Salve and Vasant Sathe, have led attempts to bring about a state of Vidarbha in recent times. Delhi, Meerut, Baghpat, Muzaffarnagar, Gurgaon, Sonipat, Faridabad, Ghaziabad, Noida and Greater Noida form the National Capital Region, with a population of about 22 million. The political administration of Delhi more closely resembles that of a state than a union territory, with its own legislature, high court and an executive council of ministers headed by a Chief Minister. New Delhi is jointly administered by", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 42 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18237978", "chunk_text": "\"Kota State\"\nKota State Kota State, also known as Kotah State, was a state in India, centered on the city of Kota, now located in Rajasthan State of the India. The town of Kota was once the part of the erstwhile Rajput kingdom of Bundi. It became a separate princely state in the 17th century. The state belonged to the Kotah-Jhalawar Agency which had headquarters at Kota and was a subdivision of the Rajputana Agency. In 1631 Kota state seceded from Bundi State. Between 18 Jun 1707 and 8 Sep 1713 it was briefly reunited with Bundi again. On 26 Dec 1817", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 43 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9378413", "chunk_text": "\"Proposed states and territories of India\"\nProposed states and territories of India The creation of new states and territories in India is a power reserved solely for the Parliament of India. Parliament can do so by announcing new states, separating territory from an existing state or by merging two or more states or parts thereof. In addition to the existing twenty nine states and seven union territories some new states and territories of India have been proposed to be established over time. Before independence, India was divided into British-administered provinces and nominally autonomous princely states, which were governed by the British administration. After the partition of", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 44 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2844644", "chunk_text": "Chhattisgarh\nThe capital city is Raipur. Chhattisgarh borders the states of Madhya Pradesh in the northwest, Uttar Pradesh in the north, Jharkhand in northeast, Maharashtra in the southwest, Telangana and Andhra Pradesh in the south, Odisha in the southeast. Currently the state comprises 27 districts. There are several opinions as to the origin of the name \"\"Chhattisgarh\"\", which in ancient times was known as Dakshina Kosala (South Kosala). \"\"Chhattisgarh\"\" was popularised later during the time of the Maratha Empire and was first used in an official document in 1795. It is claimed that Chhattisgarh takes its name from the 36 ancient", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 45 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4973439", "chunk_text": "\"History of the Republic of India\"\nThe Telangana movement reached its peak in 2011-12, leading to formation of India's 29th state, Telangana, in June 2014. The 2012 Delhi gang rape case and subsequent protest by civil society resulted in changes in the laws related to rape and offences against women. In April 2013, the Saradha Group financial scandal was unearthed, caused by the collapse of a Ponzi scheme run by Saradha Group, a consortium of over 200 private companies in Eastern India, causing an estimated loss of INR 200–300 billion (US$4–6 billion) to over 1.7 million depositors. In December 2013, the Supreme Court of India overturned", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 46 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8654602", "chunk_text": "India\npurchasing power parity. Following market-based economic reforms in 1991, India became one of the fastest-growing major economies and is considered a newly industrialised country. However, it continues to face the challenges of poverty, corruption, malnutrition, and inadequate public healthcare. A nuclear weapons state and regional power, it has the second largest standing army in the world and ranks fifth in military expenditure among nations. India is a federal republic governed under a parliamentary system and consists of 29 states and 7 union territories. A pluralistic, multilingual and multi-ethnic society, it is also home to a diversity of wildlife in a", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 47 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "673871", "chunk_text": "Alwar\ntwenty-two battles in succession and became the last Hindu emperor of India. Alwar State, a princely state established in 1770, was established by a Kachwaha Rajput named Pratap Singh who was earlier a jagirdar of \"\"Dhai Gaon\"\" (two-and-a-half villages) near Machari. His successor \"\"Bakhtawar Singh Kachwaha\"\" was defeated after launching an armed incursion into neighbouring Jaipur State (ruled by their Kachwaha seniors, erstwhile overlords of his predecessor) and being forced to accept the consequent treaty mediated by East India Company prohibiting him from political relations with other states without the consent of the colonial British. According to the \"\"Gazetteer of", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 48 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14161239", "chunk_text": "\"Alwar State\"\nAlwar State Alwar State was a princely state with its capital at Alwar ruled by a Kachwaha Rajput dynasty during the period of the British Raj in India. Founded in 1770 CE by Pratap Singh Prabhakar, its last reigning ruler, H.H. Maharaja Sir Tej Singh Prabhakar Bahadur, signed the accession to the Indian Union on 7 April 1949. Alwar has been a part of Matsya region of olden times whose capital was Viratnagar. Alwar was formerly known as 'Ulwar'. Meenas are said to have been the first occupants of Alwar. They are said to have built the fort and the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 49 } ]
test_3505	when did harvard become an ivy league school?	n/a	[ "1945" ]	[]	n/a	n/a	n/a	[]	[ { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1752479", "chunk_text": "\"Harvard University\"\nHarvard University Harvard University is a private Ivy League research university in Cambridge, Massachusetts, with about 6,700 undergraduate students and about 15,250 post graduate students. Established in 1636 and named for its first benefactor, clergyman John Harvard, Harvard is the United States' oldest institution of higher learning, and its history, influence, and wealth have made it one of the world's most prestigious universities. The Harvard Corporation is its first chartered corporation. Although never formally affiliated with any denomination, the early College primarily trained Congregational and Unitarian clergy. Its curriculum and student body were gradually secularized during the 18th century, and", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 0 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12789696", "chunk_text": "\"History of Harvard University\"\nHistory of Harvard University Harvard College, around which Harvard University eventually grew, was founded in 1636 in Cambridge, Massachusetts, making it the oldest institution of higher learning in the United States. For centuries, its graduates dominated Massachusetts' clerical and civil ranks and beginning in the 19th century its stature became national, then international, as a dozen graduate and professional schools were formed alongside the nucleus undergraduate College. Historically influential in national roles are the schools of medicine (1782), law (1817) and business (1908) as well as the Harvard Graduate School of Arts and Sciences (1890). Since the late 19th century", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 1 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "945752", "chunk_text": "\"Ivy League\"\nwas formed over a century ago and consisted of Harvard, Yale, Princeton, and a fourth school that varies depending on who is telling the story. However, it is clear that Harvard, Princeton, Yale and Columbia met on November 23, 1876 at the so-called Massasoit Convention to decide on uniform rules for the emerging game of American football, which rapidly spread. Seven out of the eight Ivy League schools were founded before the American Revolution; Cornell was founded just after the American Civil War. These seven were the primary colleges in the Northern and Middle Colonies, and their early faculties and", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 2 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13215975", "chunk_text": "\"Harvard Crimson football\"\naverage attendance must be at least 15,000 to qualify for I-A membership. This forced the conference's hand, as only some of the member schools met the attendance qualification. Choosing to stay together rather than stand their ground separately in the increasingly competitive I-A subdivision, the Ivy League, along with several other conferences and independent programs moved down into I-AA starting with the 1982 season (a number of these teams have since returned to I-A/FBS). Since the formation of the Ivy League in 1956, Harvard has won outright or shared 17 Ivy League championships (8 outright; 9 shared), 1961 (6–3), 1966", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 3 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9785658", "chunk_text": "\"Ivy League\"\nIvy League The Ivy League is an American collegiate athletic conference comprising sports teams from eight private universities in the Northeastern United States. The term \"\"Ivy League\"\" is typically used to refer to those eight schools as a group of elite colleges beyond the sports context. The eight members are Brown University, Columbia University, Cornell University, Dartmouth College, Harvard University, the University of Pennsylvania, Princeton University, and Yale University. \"\"Ivy League\"\" has connotations of academic excellence, selectivity in admissions, and social elitism. While the term was in use as early as 1933, it became official only after the formation of", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 4 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9785664", "chunk_text": "\"Ivy League\"\nwas formally designated as \"\"Ivy Day\"\" in 1874. Ivy planting ceremonies are reported for Yale, Simmons, Bryn Mawr and many others. Princeton's \"\"Ivy Club\"\" was founded in 1879. The first usage of \"\"Ivy\"\" in reference to a group of colleges is from sportswriter Stanley Woodward (1895–1965). The first known instance of the term \"\"Ivy League\"\" being used appeared in \"\"The Christian Science Monitor\"\" on February 7, 1935. Several sportswriters and other journalists used the term shortly later to refer to the older colleges, those along the northeastern seaboard of the United States, chiefly the nine institutions with origins dating from", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 5 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11991026", "chunk_text": "\"Harvard University\"\nas students, faculty, or researchers. In addition, Harvard students and alumni have won 10 Academy Awards, 48 Pulitzer Prizes, and 108 Olympic medals (46 gold, 41 silver and 21 bronze). Harvard was established in 1636 by vote of the Great and General Court of the Massachusetts Bay Colony. In 1638, it acquired British North America's first known printing press. In 1639, it was named \"\"Harvard College\"\" after deceased clergyman John Harvard, an alumnus of the University of Cambridge, who had left the school £779 and his scholar's library of some 400 volumes. The charter creating the Harvard Corporation was granted", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 6 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1502265", "chunk_text": "\"Harvard College\"\nwill be barred from campus leadership positions such as team captaincies, and from receiving recommendation letters from Harvard requisite for certain scholarships and fellowships. Harvard College Harvard College is the undergraduate liberal arts college of Harvard University. Founded in 1636 in Cambridge, Massachusetts, it is the oldest institution of higher learning in the United States and one of the most prestigious in the world. The school came into existence in 1636 by vote of the Great and General Court (colonial legislature, second oldest in British America) of the Massachusetts Bay Colony—though without a single building, instructor, or student. In 1638,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 7 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11991048", "chunk_text": "\"Harvard University\"\nlonger drawing mostly from rich alumni of select New England prep schools, the undergraduate college was now open to striving middle class students from public schools; many more Jews and Catholics were admitted, but few blacks, Hispanics or Asians. Harvard graduate schools began admitting women in small numbers in the late 19th century, and during World War II, students at Radcliffe College (which since 1879 had been paying Harvard professors to repeat their lectures for women students) began attending Harvard classes alongside men, The first class of women was admitted to Harvard Medical School in 1945. Since the 1970s Harvard", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 8 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "211615", "chunk_text": "\"History of Harvard University\"\nHarvard has been one of the most prestigious schools in the world, its library system and financial endowment larger than those of any other. With some 17,000 Puritans migrating to New England by 1636, Harvard was founded in anticipation of the need for training clergy for the new commonwealth, a \"\"church in the wilderness\"\". Harvard was established in 1636 by vote of the Great and General Court of the Massachusetts Bay Colony. In 1638, the school received a printing pressthe only press in what is now the United States until Harvard acquired a second in 1659. The first printing press", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 9 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12789752", "chunk_text": "\"History of Harvard University\"\nhave rightly left behind\"\" and \"\"abhorrent and an affront to the values of our university\"\". As late as the 1950s, Wilbur Bender, then the dean of admissions for Harvard College, was seeking better ways to \"\"detect homosexual tendencies and serious psychiatric problems\"\" in prospective students. History of Harvard University Harvard College, around which Harvard University eventually grew, was founded in 1636 in Cambridge, Massachusetts, making it the oldest institution of higher learning in the United States. For centuries, its graduates dominated Massachusetts' clerical and civil ranks and beginning in the 19th century its stature became national, then international, as a", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 10 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "945749", "chunk_text": "\"Ivy League\"\nuniversity Additionally, each university receives millions of dollars in research grants and other subsidies from federal and state governments. Students have long revered the ivied walls of older colleges. \"\"Planting the ivy\"\" was a customary class day ceremony at many colleges in the 1800s. In 1893, an alumnus told \"\"The Harvard Crimson\"\", \"\"In 1850, class day was placed upon the University Calendar. ... the custom of planting the ivy, while the ivy oration was delivered, arose about this time.\"\" At Penn, graduating seniors started the custom of planting ivy at a university building each spring in 1873 and that practice", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 11 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "945767", "chunk_text": "\"Ivy League\"\ndrive of more than two hours. As noted by Irene Harwarth, Mindi Maline, and Elizabeth DeBra, \"\"The 'Seven Sisters' was the name given to Barnard, Smith, Mount Holyoke, Vassar, Bryn Mawr, Wellesley, and Radcliffe, because of their parallel to the Ivy League men's colleges.\"\" In 1982 the Ivy League considered adding two members, with Army, Navy, and Northwestern as the most likely candidates; if it had done so, the league could probably have avoided being moved into the recently created Division I-AA (now Division I FCS) for football. In 1983, following the admission of women to Columbia College, Columbia University", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 12 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12002516", "chunk_text": "\"Ivy League\"\nPart of the editorial read as follows: The Ivies have been competing in sports as long as intercollegiate sports have existed in the United States. Rowing teams from Harvard and Yale met in the first sporting event held between students of two U.S. colleges on Lake Winnipesaukee, New Hampshire, on August 3, 1852. Harvard's team, \"\"The Oneida\"\", won the race and was presented with trophy black walnut oars from then presidential nominee General Franklin Pierce. The proposal did not succeed—on January 11, 1937, the athletic authorities at the schools rejected the \"\"possibility of a heptagonal league in football such as", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 13 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9785659", "chunk_text": "\"Ivy League\"\nthe NCAA Division I athletic conference in 1954. Seven of the eight schools were founded during the colonial period (Cornell was founded in 1865), and thus account for seven of the nine Colonial Colleges chartered before the American Revolution. Ivy League schools are generally viewed as some of the most prestigious, and are ranked among the best universities worldwide by \"\"U.S. News & World Report\"\". All eight universities place in the top fourteen of the 2019 \"\"U.S. News & World Report\"\" national university rankings, including four Ivies in the top three (Columbia and Yale are tied for third). In the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 14 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9785677", "chunk_text": "\"Ivy League\"\nthese institutions maintain in basketball, baseball and track.\"\" However, they noted that the league \"\"has such promising possibilities that it may not be dismissed and must be the subject of further consideration.\"\" In 1945 the presidents of the eight schools signed the first \"\"Ivy Group Agreement\"\", which set academic, financial, and athletic standards for the football teams. The principles established reiterated those put forward in the Harvard-Yale-Princeton Presidents' Agreement of 1916. The Ivy Group Agreement established the core tenet that an applicant's ability to play on a team would not influence admissions decisions: In 1954, the presidents extended the Ivy", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 15 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1502248", "chunk_text": "\"Harvard College\"\nHarvard College Harvard College is the undergraduate liberal arts college of Harvard University. Founded in 1636 in Cambridge, Massachusetts, it is the oldest institution of higher learning in the United States and one of the most prestigious in the world. The school came into existence in 1636 by vote of the Great and General Court (colonial legislature, second oldest in British America) of the Massachusetts Bay Colony—though without a single building, instructor, or student. In 1638, the college became home for North America's first known printing press, carried by the ship \"\"John of London\"\". Three years later, the college was", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 16 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1502260", "chunk_text": "\"Harvard College\"\nwas financed largely by a 1928 gift from Yale alumnus Edward Harkness who, frustrated in his attempts to initiate a similar project at his alma mater, eventually offered 11 million dollars to Harvard. Two of the new houses, Dunster and Lowell, were completed in 1930. Construction of the first River houses began in early 1929, but the land on which they were built had been assembled decades before. After graduating Harvard in 1895, Edward Waldo Forbes (grandson of Ralph Waldo Emerson) found himself inspired by the Oxford and Cambridge systems during two years of study in England; on returning to", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 17 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8665156", "chunk_text": "\"Harvard University\"\nand Ralph Waldo Emerson, these convictions were focused on the dignity and worth of human nature, the right and ability of each person to perceive truth, and the indwelling God in each person. During the 20th century, Harvard's international reputation grew as a burgeoning endowment and prominent professors expanded the university's scope. Rapid enrollment growth continued as new graduate schools were begun and the undergraduate College expanded. Radcliffe College, established in 1879 as sister school of Harvard College, became one of the most prominent schools for women in the United States. Harvard became a founding member of the Association of", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 18 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "211640", "chunk_text": "\"History of Harvard University\"\nthe 35,000-seat stadium, which was completed in 1903, with the remainder to be collected from future ticket sales. The school, the third-oldest medical school in the United States, was founded in 1782 as Massachusetts Medical College by John Warren, Benjamin Waterhouse and Aaron Dexter. It relocated from Cambridge across the river to Boston in 1810. The medical school was tied to the rest of the University \"\"only by the tenuous thread of degrees\"\", but its strong faculty gave it a national reputation by the early 19th century. The medical school moved to its current location on Longwood Avenue in 1906,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 19 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6695850", "chunk_text": "\"Harvard College\"\nand board. Harvard's founders may have envisioned it as the first in a series of sibling colleges on the English model which would eventually constitute a university—though no further colleges materialized in colonial times. The Indian College was active from 1640 to no later than 1693, but it was a minor addition not operated in federation with Harvard according to the English model. Harvard began granting higher degrees in the late eighteenth century, and it was increasingly styled Harvard \"\"University\"\", even as Harvard \"\"College\"\" was increasingly thought of as the university's undergraduate division in particular. Today Harvard College is responsible", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 20 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13215976", "chunk_text": "\"Harvard Crimson football\"\n(8–1), 1968 (8–0–1), 1974 (7–2), 1975 (7–2), 1982 (7–3), 1983 (6–2–2), 1987 (8–2), 1997 (9–1), 2001 (9–0), 2004 (10–0), 2007 (8–2), 2008 (9–1), 2011 (9–1), 2013 (9–1), 2014 (10–0) and 2015 (9–1). The Crimson are behind Penn and Dartmouth's 18 Ivy League Football Championships. Harvard has won 12 national championships (1874, 1875, 1890, 1898, 1899, 1901, 1908, 1910, 1912, 1913, 1919, 1920) from NCAA-designated major selectors. Harvard claims seven of these college football national championships. Bold indicates claimed championship Harvard has won seventeen conference championships, all of which occurring during their tenure in the Ivy League, which they joined in", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 21 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14974668", "chunk_text": "\"Harvard University\"\nThe undergraduate college became coeducational after its 1977 merger with Radcliffe College. The university is organized into eleven separate academic units—ten faculties and the Radcliffe Institute for Advanced Study—with campuses throughout the Boston metropolitan area: its main campus is centered on Harvard Yard in Cambridge, approximately northwest of Boston; the business school and athletics facilities, including Harvard Stadium, are located across the Charles River in the Allston neighborhood of Boston and the medical, dental, and public health schools are in the Longwood Medical Area. Harvard's endowment is worth $39.2 billion, making it the largest of any academic institution. Harvard is", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 22 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9785661", "chunk_text": "\"Ivy League\"\nof a typical private liberal arts college and smaller than a typical public state university. Total enrollments, including graduate students, range from approximately 6,400 at Dartmouth to over 20,000 at Columbia, Cornell, Harvard, and Penn. Ivy League financial endowments range from Brown's $3.5 billion to Harvard's $34.5 billion, the largest financial endowment of any academic institution in the world. The Ivy League has drawn many comparisons to other elite grouping of universities in other nations such as Oxbridge and the Golden Triangle in the United Kingdom, C9 League in China, Group of Eight in Australia, and Imperial Universities in Japan.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 23 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9257706", "chunk_text": "\"Harvard Faculty of Arts and Sciences\"\nposition in July 2007. The deans of GSAS, SEAS, Harvard College, and Continuing Education report to the dean of FAS, as do various academic deans, administrative deans (including those responsible for finance, development, faculty personnel policy, undergraduate admissions and financial aid), and the directors of various research centers and institutes. While Harvard traces its origins to 1636, the Faculty of Arts and Sciences only came into existence in the late nineteenth century. From 1820 until 1872, Harvard consisted of the College and the three professional schools (in law, medicine, and divinity), with the later additions of the Dental School, the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 24 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "962292", "chunk_text": "\"Harvard–Yale football rivalry\"\ndepartments at Harvard, Yale and Princeton in 1906, 1916 (the \"\"Three Presidents Agreements\"\" on eligibility), and a revision of that agreement in 1923 have been considered precursors to the Ivy Group Agreement, each agreement addressing amateurism and college football. The Ivy Group Agreement, adopted in 1945, states for football, \"\"the players be truly representative of the student body and not a group of special recruited and trained athletes.\"\" Harvard president Nathan Pusey and Yale president A. Whitney Griswold collaborated closely toward the eventual implementation of the Ivy League in 1954 with the \"\"Agreement\"\" extended to all sports. Round-robin play started", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 25 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20248611", "chunk_text": "\"Harvard Crimson baseball\"\nattendance mark of 15,000; a June 23, 1908, game (which Harvard lost 3–0) was attended by 14,000 spectators, including Secretary of War William Howard Taft, a Yale alumnus who had unofficially been named the Republican nominee for president only days earlier. The two teams became conference rivals in the Eastern Intercollegiate Baseball League after Harvard joined for the 1933 season. Both teams were competitive in the league– Harvard won 21 titles, while Yale won 10. The teams finished 1–2 in the league standings five times (1937, 1947, 1955, 1980, and 1984). In 1980, the two teams met in the EIBL", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 26 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1502263", "chunk_text": "\"Harvard College\"\nThe committee made it difficult for the basketball team to operate by denying financial assistance and limiting the number of overnight away games in which the team could participate. Several losing seasons, negative attitudes toward the commercialization of intercollegiate sports, and the need for reform contributed to basketball's demise at Harvard in 1909. Today Harvard, one of the eight members of the Ivy League, claims to have the largest Division I intercollegiate athletics program, with 41 varsity teams and over 1,500 student-athletes. Begun in 1852, the Harvard–Yale Regatta is the oldest intercollegiate athletic rivalry in the United States. Better known", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 27 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15807409", "chunk_text": "\"Harvard University\"\nname of the Harvard sports teams and the daily newspaper, \"\"The Harvard Crimson\"\". The color was unofficially adopted (in preference to magenta) by an 1875 vote of the student body, although the association with some form of red can be traced back to 1858, when Charles William Eliot, a young graduate student who would later become Harvard's 21st and longest-serving president (1869–1909), bought red bandanas for his crew so they could more easily be distinguished by spectators at a regatta. Harvard has several fight songs, the most played of which, especially at football, are \"\"Ten Thousand Men of Harvard\"\" and", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 28 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11208936", "chunk_text": "\"Harvard University\"\nand Cambridge University team, a competition that is the oldest continuous international amateur competition in the world. Harvard's athletic rivalry with Yale is intense in every sport in which they meet, coming to a climax each fall in the annual football meeting, which dates back to 1875 and is usually called simply \"\"The Game\"\". While Harvard's football team is no longer one of the country's best as it often was a century ago during football's early days (it won the Rose Bowl in 1920), both it and Yale have influenced the way the game is played. In 1903, Harvard Stadium", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 29 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2728039", "chunk_text": "\"Big Three (colleges)\"\nBig Three (colleges) The Big Three is a historical term used in the United States to refer to Harvard University, Yale University, and Princeton University. The phrase Big Three originated in the 1880s, when these three colleges dominated college football. In 1906, these schools formed a sports compact that formalized a three-way football competition which began in 1878. This early agreement predated the Ivy League by exactly half a century. The rivalry remains intense today, though the three schools are no longer national football powerhouses, and schools continue to refer to their intercollegiate competitions as \"\"Big Three\"\" or \"\"Harvard-Princeton-Yale\"\" meets.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 30 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "945766", "chunk_text": "\"Ivy League\"\nbeen coeducational from its founding (1865) and Columbia being the last (1983) to become coeducational. Before they became coeducational, many of the Ivy schools maintained extensive social ties with nearby Seven Sisters women's colleges, including weekend visits, dances and parties inviting Ivy and Seven Sisters students to mingle. This was the case not only at Barnard College and Radcliffe College, which are adjacent to Columbia and Harvard, but at more distant institutions as well. The movie \"\"Animal House\"\" includes a satiric version of the formerly common visits by Dartmouth men to Massachusetts to meet Smith and Mount Holyoke women, a", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 31 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9729138", "chunk_text": "\"Harvard Crimson\"\nfall), A. L. White (1904), H. H. Wilder (1908), F. C. Davison (1912), Edward Allis (1914), J. W. Hubbell (1916). They won the inaugural Ivy League championship in 1975, their only league championship. The men's ice hockey team is one of the oldest intercollegiate ice hockey teams in the United States, having played their first game on January 19, 1898 in a 0–6 loss to Brown. Former head coach William H. Claflin and former captain George Owen are credited with the first use of line change in a game against Yale on March 3, 1923 when the Crimson substituted entire", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 32 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14207241", "chunk_text": "\"History of Harvard University\"\nown among American colleges. Ronald Story notes that in 1850, Harvard's total assets were \"\"five times that of Amherst and Williams combined, and three times that of Yale\"\". Story also notes that \"\"all the evidence… points to the four decades from 1815 to 1855 as the era when parents, in Henry Adams's words, began 'sending their children to Harvard College for the sake of its social advantages'\"\". Under President Eliot's tenure, Harvard earned a reputation for being more liberal and democratic than either Princeton or Yale in regard to bigotry against Jews and other ethnic minorities. In 1870, one year", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 33 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10667278", "chunk_text": "\"Big Three (colleges)\"\nthe order Harvard, Yale, and Princeton or Harvard, Princeton and Yale . The Harvard, Yale, and Princeton order is the one in which they were founded — 1636, 1701, and 1746, respectively. Over the past half-century, the 'Big Three', and the rest of the Ivy League, have increasingly stressed both diversity and academic merit in their admissions process, and have dissociated themselves from some of their WASP roots. Notwithstanding, a certain lack in economic diversity persists at the three colleges. As Jerome Karabel, a Harvard graduate and the author of \"\"The Chosen\"\" detailing the history of the admissions process at", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 34 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "945756", "chunk_text": "\"Ivy League\"\nfive Quakers, four Congregationalists, and five Episcopalians. Cornell has been strongly nonsectarian from its founding. \"\"Ivy League\"\" is sometimes used as a way of referring to an elite class, even though institutions such as Cornell University were among the first in the United States to reject racial and gender discrimination in their admissions policies. This dates back to at least 1935. Novels and memoirs attest this sense, as a social elite; to some degree independent of the actual schools. After the Second World War, the present Ivy League institutions slowly widened their selection of their students. They had always had", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 35 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "331341", "chunk_text": "Harvardiana\nHarvardiana Harvardiana was a periodical published in Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States by James Munroe and Co. from 1835 to 1838. It was a literary journal managed by Harvard University undergraduates. It contains the first recorded use (1835) of the phrase \"\"middle name\"\" referring to a second forename. \"\"Harvardiana\"\" is also the title of a march song of Harvard University written by Raymond G. Williams (1887–1981) and Sanger B. Steel (1889–1927), both members of the Harvard class of 1911. The song uses the name \"\"Eli\"\" to refer to athletic rival Yale. In recent years it has become the tradition for women", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 36 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7662834", "chunk_text": "\"Harvard University\"\nby the 19th century, Harvard had emerged as the central cultural establishment among Boston elites. Following the American Civil War, President Charles W. Eliot's long tenure (1869–1909) transformed the college and affiliated professional schools into a modern research university; Harvard was a founding member of the Association of American Universities in 1900. A. Lawrence Lowell, who followed Eliot, further reformed the undergraduate curriculum and undertook aggressive expansion of Harvard's land holdings and physical plant. James Bryant Conant led the university through the Great Depression and World War II and began to reform the curriculum and liberalize admissions after the war.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 37 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13215974", "chunk_text": "\"Harvard Crimson football\"\nundefeated seasons from 1912 to 1914, including two perfect seasons in 1912 and 1913. The NCAA decided to split Division I into two subdivisions in 1978, then called I-A for larger schools, and I-AA for the smaller ones. The NCAA had devised the split, in part, with the Ivy League in mind, but the conference did not move down for four seasons despite the fact that there were many indications that the ancient eight were on the wrong side of an increasing disparity between the big and small schools. In 1982, the NCAA created a rule that stated a program's", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 38 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "945757", "chunk_text": "\"Ivy League\"\ndistinguished faculties; some of the first Americans with doctorates had taught for them; but they now decided that they could not both be world-class research institutions and be competitive in the highest ranks of American college sport; in addition, the schools experienced the scandals of any other big-time football programs, although more quietly. The first formal athletic league involving eventual Ivy League schools (or any US colleges, for that matter) was created in 1870 with the formation of the Rowing Association of American Colleges. The RAAC hosted a de facto national championship in rowing during the period 1870–1894. In 1895,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 39 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "211652", "chunk_text": "\"History of Harvard University\"\nRadcliffe College, established in 1879 as sister school of Harvard College, became one of the most prominent schools for women in the United States. In the 1920s Edward Harkness (1874–1940), a Yale man with oil wealth, was ignored by his alma mater and so gave $12,000,000 to Harvard to establish a house system like that of Oxford University. Yale later took his money and set up a similar system. In addition to the usual department, specialized research centers proliferated, especially to enable interdisciplinary research projects that could not be handled at the department level. However, the departments kept jealous control", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 40 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14207267", "chunk_text": "\"History of Harvard University\"\nfinal merger in 1999 made Radcliffe a part of Harvard, at the same time creating the Radcliffe Institute for Advanced Study. In 2006, Lawrence Summers resigned his presidency after suggesting that women's underrepresentation in top science positions could be due to differences in \"\"intrinsic aptitude\"\". In 1984, Harvard severed ties with undergraduate \"\"final clubs\"\" because of their refusal to admit women. As of 2016, Harvard bars members of single-sex organizations (such as final clubs, fraternities and sororities) from campus leadership positions such as team captaincies and from receiving recommendation letters from Harvard requisite for scholarships and fellowships such as the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 41 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11884184", "chunk_text": "\"Harvard Medical School\"\nHarvard Medical School Harvard Medical School (HMS) is the graduate medical school of Harvard University. It is located in the Longwood Medical Area of the Mission Hill neighborhood of Boston, Massachusetts. There are approximately 2,900 full- and part-time voting faculty members consisting of assistant, associate, and full professors, and over 5,000 full or part-time, non-voting instructors. Harvard is the third-oldest medical school in the United States (after Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania and Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons) and was founded by John Warren on September 19, 1782, with Benjamin Waterhouse, and Aaron Dexter,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 42 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19132381", "chunk_text": "\"Harvard Crimson men's ice hockey\"\nin 1935–36, and leading the Crimson to a 15–1 record in 1936–37. The Quadrangular League was created for the 1933–34 with Harvard, Yale, Princeton and Dartmouth, the league is considered the predecessor to the Ivy League. In 1936, the Council of Ivy Group Presidents agreed on the formal formation of the League, however the agreement did not go into effect until the 1955–56 season. The program was suspended for two years during World War II but then returned to the ice for an abbreviated 1945–46 season. In 1950 Ralph \"\"Cooney\"\" Weiland became head coach, Weiland was a former NHL scoring", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 43 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14207231", "chunk_text": "\"History of Harvard University\"\nin North America was brought from Spain to Mexico City, with production beginning in 1539. In 1639, the college was renamed Harvard College after clergyman John Harvard, a University of Cambridge alumnus who had willed the new school £779 pounds sterling and his library of some 400 books. The colony charter creating the Harvard Corporation was granted in 1650 at the beginning of the English Interregnum. When the college's first president Henry Dunster abandoned Puritanism in favor of the English Baptist faith in 1654, he provoked a controversy that highlighted two distinct approaches to dealing with dissent in the Massachusetts", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 44 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11538299", "chunk_text": "\"Harvard Law School\"\nHarvard Law School Harvard Law School (also known as Harvard Law or HLS) is one of the professional graduate schools of Harvard University located in Cambridge, Massachusetts. Founded in 1817, it is the oldest continuously operating law school in the United States and one of the most prestigious in the world. Its acceptance rate was 12.8% in the 2017–18 admissions cycle. It is ranked first in the world by the 2017 QS World University Rankings and the 2017 ARWU Shanghai Ranking. The school has a larger class size than most law schools – each class in the three-year J.D. program", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 45 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "939157", "chunk_text": "\"Harvard University\"\nin 1650. A 1643 publication gave the school's purpose as \"\"to advance learning and perpetuate it to posterity, dreading to leave an illiterate ministry to the churches when our present ministers shall lie in the dust\"\"; in its early years trained many Puritan ministers. It offered a classic curriculum on the English university modelmany leaders in the colony had attended the University of Cambridgebut conformed to the tenets of Puritanism. It was never affiliated with any particular denomination, but many of its earliest graduates went on to become clergymen in Congregational and Unitarian churches. The leading Boston divine Increase Mather", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 46 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11041594", "chunk_text": "\"Harvard Crimson\"\nteam has won thirteen Ivy League Championships: 1978, 1979, 1981, 1995, 1996, 1997, 1999, 2008, 2009, 2011, 2013, 2014, and 2016. Harvard Swimming and Diving was founded in 1902. Harvard Men's Swimming and Diving is currently coached by Kevin Tyrrell, Harvard Women's Swimming and Diving is currently coached by Stephanie Wriede Morawski. Inaugural season for the men's team was 1981. The Crimson compete in the Eastern Intercollegiate Volleyball Association (EIVA) and are under the direction of head coach, Brian Baise. Inaugural season for the women's team was 1981. The Crimson compete in the Ivy League and are under the direction", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 47 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "945801", "chunk_text": "\"Ivy League\"\nStanford University and Northwestern University. Besides selectivity, these Ivy Plus colleges are thought to share similar values around academic and professional excellence, intellectual curiosity, leadership and civil engagement.\"\" Ivy League The Ivy League is an American collegiate athletic conference comprising sports teams from eight private universities in the Northeastern United States. The term \"\"Ivy League\"\" is typically used to refer to those eight schools as a group of elite colleges beyond the sports context. The eight members are Brown University, Columbia University, Cornell University, Dartmouth College, Harvard University, the University of Pennsylvania, Princeton University, and Yale University. \"\"Ivy League\"\" has", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 48 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11848767", "chunk_text": "\"Harvard Crimson\"\nsloops in 2001 and 2002, and the team race in 2002 and 2003. The team was ranked 11th nationally in 2013 according to Sailing World. Before the NCAA began its tournament in 1959, the annual national champion was declared by the Intercollegiate Association Football League (IAFL) — from 1911 to 1926 — and then the Intercollegiate Soccer Football Association (ISFA), from 1927 to 1958. From 1911 to 1958, Harvard won four national championships. Women's soccer was elevated from a club to a varsity sport at Harvard in 1977. Bob Scalise, Harvard's current athletic director, was the first head coach. The", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 49 } ]
test_3506	when does the call of the wild take place?	n/a	[ "1890s", "the 1890s" ]	[]	n/a	n/a	n/a	[]	[ { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15190210", "chunk_text": "\"The Call of the Wild\"\nThe Call of the Wild The Call of the Wild is a short adventure novel by Jack London published in 1903 and set in Yukon, Canada, during the 1890s Klondike Gold Rush, when strong sled dogs were in high demand. The central character of the novel is a dog named Buck. The story opens at a ranch in Santa Clara Valley, California, when Buck is stolen from his home and sold into service as a sled dog in Alaska. He becomes progressively feral in the harsh environment, where he is forced to fight to survive and dominate other dogs. By", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 0 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15190211", "chunk_text": "\"The Call of the Wild\"\nthe end, he sheds the veneer of civilization, and relies on primordial instinct and learned experience to emerge as a leader in the wild. London spent almost a year in the Yukon, and his observations form much of the material for the book. The story was serialized in the \"\"Saturday Evening Post\"\" in the summer of 1903 and was published a month later in book form. The book's great popularity and success made a reputation for London. As early as 1923, the story was adapted to film, and it has since seen several more cinematic adaptations. The story opens with", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 1 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13605691", "chunk_text": "\"The Call of the Wild (1972 film)\"\nThe Call of the Wild (1972 film) The Call of the Wild is a 1972 family adventure film directed by Ken Annakin and starring Charlton Heston, Michèle Mercier, Raimund Harmstorf, George Eastman, and Maria Rohm. Based on Jack London's novel \"\"The Call of the Wild\"\", the film follows the adventures of a dog that is brought north to Canada to be used as a sled dog. John Thornton (Charlton Heston) a prospector in the 1897 Klondike Gold Rush is trying to eke out a living in the harsh conditions of the bitterly cold Yukon region of Canada, with Buck the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 2 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8647825", "chunk_text": "\"Call of the Wild (TV series)\"\n(Hal Beckett). The inhabitants of Forty Mile in Yukon, Canada are introduced during the 1890s Gold Rush. A caged Buck arrives and is promptly auctioned off as a sled dog. He makes an immediate impression on young Miles, who bids on Buck. However, Miles is outbid by The Swede, who uses Buck on a sled team delivering mail throughout the Yukon. As Buck heads out on the trail with The Swede's team, he makes an enemy of Spitz, the team's vicious lead dog. After several incidents on the trail, including severe weather, wolf attacks, and a fight with Spitz, Buck", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 3 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19053154", "chunk_text": "\"Call of the Wild (2009 film)\"\nCall of the Wild (2009 film) Call of the Wild (also known as \"\"Call of the Wild 3D\"\", titled \"\"Buck\"\" in Australia and New Zealand) is an American film starring Christopher Lloyd, Timothy Bottoms, Veronica Cartwright, Christopher Dempsey, Joyce DeWitt, Ariel Gade, Devon Graye, Devon Iott, Kameron Knox, Russell Snyder, and Wes Studi; and directed by Richard Gabai. A modern-day retelling of Jack London's classic novel. A recently widowed man, \"\"Grandpa\"\" Bill Hale, in Montana takes his granddaughter Ryann in for several weeks while her parents are out of the country. When a wild wolf-dog hybrid shows up injured on", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 4 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7190560", "chunk_text": "\"Call of the Wild (2019 film)\"\ndeveloping the film adaptation of the Jack London's 1903 novel \"\"The Call of the Wild\"\", set in Yukon around 1890s about the Klondike Gold Rush, which would be directed by Chris Sanders from the script by Michael Green, and would be produced by Erwin Stoff. In July 2018, Harrison Ford and Dan Stevens were cast in the film, with Ford set to star as John Thornton, who goes on the hunt for gold. The film would get heavy special effects work from its studio Technoprops. In August 2018, Colin Woodell joined the cast. In September, Omar Sy and Karen Gillan", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 5 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15190219", "chunk_text": "\"The Call of the Wild\"\nthe wolf and its pack into the forest, and answers the call of the wild. The legend of Buck is spread among other Indian tribes as the \"\"Ghost Dog of the Northland\"\". Buck comes out of the backwoods once a year on the anniversary of his attack on the Yeehats, at the former campsite where he was last with John Thornton, Hans and Pete, in order to mourn their deaths. California native Jack London had traveled around the United States as a hobo, returned to California to finish high school (he dropped out at age 14), and spent a year", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 6 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7190559", "chunk_text": "\"Call of the Wild (2019 film)\"\nCall of the Wild (2019 film) Call of the Wild is an upcoming American live-action CGI-animated adventure film based on the Jack London's 1903 novel of the same name. The film is directed by Chris Sanders, written by Michael Green, and stars Harrison Ford, Dan Stevens, Karen Gillan, Bradley Whitford and Omar Sy. It will be released on December 25, 2019 by 20th Century Fox. A domesticated St. Bernard/Scotch Collie dog named Buck is stolen from his Santa Clara, California home and sold to freight haulers in the Yukon. In October 2017, it was announced that 20th Century Fox was", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 7 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11348503", "chunk_text": "\"The Call of the Wild\"\nto a pair of French-Canadian dispatchers from the Canadian government, François and Perrault, who take him with them to the Klondike region of Canada. There, they train him as a sled dog. From his teammates, he quickly learns to survive cold winter nights and the pack society. A rivalry develops between Buck and the vicious, quarrelsome lead dog, Spitz. Buck eventually beats Spitz in a fight. Spitz is killed by the pack after his defeat by Buck, and Buck eventually becomes the leader of the team. When Francois and Perrault reach Dawson with their dispatches, and are given new orders", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 8 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15190221", "chunk_text": "\"The Call of the Wild\"\nfor almost a year, living temporarily in the frontier town of Dawson City, before moving to a nearby winter camp, where he spent the winter in a temporary shelter reading books he had brought: Charles Darwin's \"\"On the Origin of Species\"\" and John Milton's \"\"Paradise Lost\"\". In the winter of 1898, Dawson City was a city comprising about 30,000 miners,a saloon, an opera house, and a street of brothels. In the spring, as the annual gold stampeders began to stream in, London left. He had contracted scurvy, common in the Arctic winters where fresh produce was unavailable. When his gums", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 9 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3093074", "chunk_text": "\"The Call of the Wild (1923 film)\"\nThe Call of the Wild (1923 film) The Call of the Wild is an American silent film based on the popular book by Jack London. The film was written and directed by Fred Jackman and produced by Hal Roach. The feature was released on September 23, 1923 and distributed by Pathé Exchange. Prints of the movie are archived at the Museum of Modern Art. The story opens with Buck as a puppy, being ushered into a happy family as a Christmas present for a little girl. He grows up a faithful and loving friend of the children until one day", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 10 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17351459", "chunk_text": "\"The Call of the Wild (1976 film)\"\nThe Call of the Wild (1976 film) The Call of the Wild is a 1976 American television film based on Jack London's 1903 novel \"\"The Call of the Wild\"\". The film, starring John Beck, was directed by Jerry Jameson from a script by the poet and novelist James Dickey. One of several adaptations of London's novel, this version was produced following the success of the 1972 film \"\"Deliverance\"\", an adaptation of Dickey's novel of the same title. The author's son, Christopher Dickey, wrote in his 1998 memoir, \"\"Summer of Deliverance\"\", that \"\"[t]he Hollywood concept [for the 1976 film] was James", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 11 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8647824", "chunk_text": "\"Call of the Wild (TV series)\"\nCall of the Wild (TV series) Call of the Wild is a 2000 adventure television series based on Jack London's eponymous 1903 novel. It was originally broadcast on Animal Planet, and the 13 episodes were released on DVD as a 120-minute, full-length movie. The series received a Leo Award nomination for Best Cinematography in a Dramatic Series (Stephen McNutt), and for Best Production Designer (Brian Davies) in the episode \"\"The Attack\"\". The series was also a 2000 LEO nominee for Best Overall Sound/Drama (Miguel Nunes) and received a nomination for a 2000 Emmy Award for Outstanding Main Title Theme Music", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 12 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9814437", "chunk_text": "\"Call of the Wild (1935 film)\"\nCall of the Wild (1935 film) Call of the Wild is a 1935 American adventure film based on Jack London's novel of \"\"The Call of the Wild\"\", directed by William A. Wellman, and stars Clark Gable, Loretta Young, and Jack Oakie. The film omits all but one of the book's story lines. In Skagway in 1900, Jack Thornton announces to a crowded bar that he is going home after striking it rich in the gold fields. However, he loses most of his money gambling first. Then he runs into an old pal, \"\"Shorty\"\" Hoolihan, just released from jail after serving", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 13 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11349786", "chunk_text": "\"The Call of the Wild\"\nplace in the spring, before ending with the fourth phase, when Buck fully reverts to nature is placed in a vast and \"\"weird atmosphere\"\", a place of pure emptiness. The setting is allegorical. The southern lands represent the soft, materialistic world; the north symbolizes a world beyond civilization and is inherently competitive. The harshness, brutality, and emptiness in Alaska reduce life to its essence, as London learned, and shows in Buck's story. Buck must defeat Spitz, the dog who symbolically tries to get ahead and take control. When Buck is sold to Charles, Hal, and Mercedes, he finds himself in", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 14 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19889175", "chunk_text": "\"The Call of the Wild (2007 film)\"\nas McCandless in the upcoming film. They incidentally pass through Penn's production as he sees two yellow Datsun B-210 props, the same car McCandless drove and later lost during a flash flood. Lamothe has the entire Lake Mead to himself without being bothered by Penn's crew, who chose to film in a different location. Lamothe then decides to visit Carthage, South Dakota, where McCandless took on a job working at a grain elevator in September 1990 and in April 1992. Like McCandless, Lamothe travels to Carthage solely by hitchhiking. Lamothe travels through Colorado with an ex-drug dealer—who used to live", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 15 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11349792", "chunk_text": "\"The Call of the Wild\"\nomitted, and John Thorton's killers are now white criminals, who as before, are also killed by Buck. French Canadian film director Christian Duguay has announced financing and distribution for a version of \"\"The Call of the Wild\"\" to be released in 2018. Meanwhile, Chris Sanders is directing another film adaptation Call of the Wild[sic], this time hybrid with live action combined with computer animation, scheduled to release on December 25, 2019 by 20th Century Fox. Harrison Ford will star as the lead role and Terry Notary will start as Buck. The Call of the Wild The Call of the Wild", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 16 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4137332", "chunk_text": "\"The Call of the Wild (1908 film)\"\nThe Call of the Wild (1908 film) The Call of the Wild is a 1908 American short adventure film directed by D.W. Griffith. It starred Charles Inslee, Harry Solter and Florence Lawrence. The film was made by the American Mutoscope and Biograph Company when it and many other early film studios in America's first motion picture industry were based in Fort Lee, New Jersey at the beginning of the 20th century. This film is preserved in the paper print collection of the Library of Congress. Despite its similarity in title it is unrelated to the Jack London story. A white", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 17 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19889173", "chunk_text": "\"The Call of the Wild (2007 film)\"\nthe book \"\"Into the Wild\"\" (1997) was published, as both he and McCandless were born in 1968 and graduated from college in 1990. They also shared the same roommate at one time in their lives, and Lamothe took a life-changing trip to Africa during the same time as McCandless' travels. After a brief swim in Walden Pond, Lamothe begins his journey to Annandale, Virginia, where McCandless grew up and went to high school. Lamothe then journeys to Emory University in Atlanta, Georgia, where McCandless graduated in May 1990, and attends the 2006 graduation ceremony. Also attending the ceremony is filmmaker", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 18 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17351460", "chunk_text": "\"The Call of the Wild (1976 film)\"\nDickey meets Jack London; sort of \"\"Deliverance\"\" in the Klondike.\"\" The Call of the Wild (1976 film) The Call of the Wild is a 1976 American television film based on Jack London's 1903 novel \"\"The Call of the Wild\"\". The film, starring John Beck, was directed by Jerry Jameson from a script by the poet and novelist James Dickey. One of several adaptations of London's novel, this version was produced following the success of the 1972 film \"\"Deliverance\"\", an adaptation of Dickey's novel of the same title. The author's son, Christopher Dickey, wrote in his 1998 memoir, \"\"Summer of Deliverance\"\",", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 19 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7190561", "chunk_text": "\"Call of the Wild (2019 film)\"\nwere added to the cast. In October, Bradley Whitford joined the cast, with Cara Gee joining in November. Principal photography on the film began in late-September 2018 in Los Angeles. \"\"Call of the Wild\"\" is scheduled to be released on December 25, 2019 by 20th Century Fox. Call of the Wild (2019 film) Call of the Wild is an upcoming American live-action CGI-animated adventure film based on the Jack London's 1903 novel of the same name. The film is directed by Chris Sanders, written by Michael Green, and stars Harrison Ford, Dan Stevens, Karen Gillan, Bradley Whitford and Omar Sy.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 20 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15190212", "chunk_text": "\"The Call of the Wild\"\nBuck, a large and powerful St. Bernard-Scotch Shepherd, living happily in California's Santa Clara Valley as the pampered pet of rich Judge Miller and his family. However, he is stolen by the gardener's assistant, Manuel, and sold to finance his gambling addiction. He is shipped to Seattle. Put in a crate, he is starved and ill-treated. When released, he attacks his overseer, known only as the \"\"man in the red sweater\"\" but this man teaches the \"\"law of the club\"\", hitting Buck until he is sufficiently cowed (but the man shows some kindness after Buck stops). Buck is then sold", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 21 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15190217", "chunk_text": "\"The Call of the Wild\"\n(someone who hit it rich in a certain area), named Matthewson, wagers Thornton on the dog's strength and devotion. Buck wins by breaking a half-ton () sled free of the frozen ground, pulling it and winning US$1,600 in gold dust. A king of the Skookum Benches offers a large sum to buy Buck, but Thornton has grown fond of him and declines. Using his winnings, John Thornton retires his debts, but elects to continue searching for gold. While Thornton and his two friends Pete and Hans are panning in a campsite, Buck explores the wilderness and socializes with a timber", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 22 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15190216", "chunk_text": "\"The Call of the Wild\"\nhits Hal with the butt of his axe, cuts Buck free from his traces, and tells the trio he is keeping him, much to Hal's displeasure. After some argument, the trio leaves and tries to cross the river, but as Thornton warned, the ice breaks, and the three fall into the river and drown, along with the sled and neglected dogs. Buck comes to love and grow devoted to Thornton as he nurses him back to health. He saves Thornton when the man falls into a river. After Thornton takes him on trips to pan for gold, a bonanza king", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 23 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3387930", "chunk_text": "\"The Call of the Wild\"\nLondon tended to skimp on form, according to biographer Labor, and neither \"\"The Call of the Wild\"\" nor \"\"White Fang\"\" \"\"is a conventional novel\"\". The story follows the archetypal \"\"myth of the hero\"\"; Buck, who is the hero, takes a journey, is transformed, and achieves an apotheosis. The format of the story is divided into four distinct parts, according to Labor. In the first part, Buck experiences violence and struggles for survival; in the second part, he proves himself a leader of the pack; the third part brings him to his death (symbolically and almost literally); and in the fourth", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 24 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4834725", "chunk_text": "\"The Call of the Wild\"\nfirst adaptation of London's story was a silent film made in 1923. The 1935 version starring Clark Gable and Loretta Young expanded John Thornton's role and was the first \"\"talkie\"\" to feature the story. The 1972 movie \"\"The Call of the Wild\"\", starring Charlton Heston as John Thornton, was filmed in Finland. The 1978 Snoopy TV special \"\"What a Nightmare, Charlie Brown!\"\" is another adaptation. In 1981, an anime film titled \"\"\"\" was released, starring Mike Reynolds and Bryan Cranston. A comic adaptation had been made in 1998 for \"\"Boys Life\"\" magazine. Due to cultural sensitivities, the Yeehat Indians are", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 25 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3093075", "chunk_text": "\"The Call of the Wild (1923 film)\"\nhe is stolen and sold as a sled dog in the Klondike. Here, under cruel treatment, he learns many lessons and develops a keen dislike to the man who stole him and clubbed him into submission. One experience follows another for Buck until he finds a real friend in his last master to whom he proves his faithfulness in the climax. The cinematographer for the film was Floyd Jackman, brother of director Fred Jackman, who was president of the American Society of Cinematographers at the time. Floyd and Fred filmed some of the scenes on location in Truckee, California and", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 26 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19060119", "chunk_text": "\"The Call of the Wild (2007 film)\"\ncash as depicted in the book and film. In a hidden pocket on McCandless' backpack was found his wallet with all forms of ID and US$300 in cash. Lamothe further suspects that McCandless had an arm or shoulder injury not shown in the famous self-portrait photo by the bus, in which McCandless' shirt sleeve has the appearance of being empty. Lamothe believes, based on McCandless' S.O.S. note, that McCandless had injured his arm or dislocated his shoulder, and thus could not have swum across the Teklanika River to escape. The film screened October 8 and 9, 2007 as part of", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 27 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12056691", "chunk_text": "\"White Fang\"\nWhite Fang White Fang is a novel by American author Jack London (1876–1916) — and the name of the book's eponymous character, a wild wolfdog. First serialized in \"\"Outing\"\" magazine, it was published in 1906. The story takes place in Yukon Territory and the Northwest Territories, Canada, during the 1890s Klondike Gold Rush and details White Fang's journey to domestication. It is a companion novel (and a thematic mirror) to London's best-known work, \"\"The Call of the Wild\"\", which is about a kidnapped, domesticated dog embracing his wild ancestry to survive and thrive in the wild. Much of \"\"White Fang\"\"", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 28 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11348505", "chunk_text": "\"The Call of the Wild\"\nthe spring melt poses dangers. They overfeed the dogs and then starve them when the food runs out. On their journey they meet John Thornton, an experienced outdoorsman, who notices the dogs have been poorly treated and are in a weakened condition. He warns the trio against crossing the river, but they ignore his advice and order Buck to move on. Exhausted, starving, and sensing the danger ahead, Buck refuses and continues to lie unmoving in the snow. After Buck is beaten by Hal, Thornton recognizes him to be a remarkable dog. Disgusted by the driver's treatment of Buck, Thornton", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 29 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19060112", "chunk_text": "\"The Call of the Wild (2007 film)\"\nThe Call of the Wild (2007 film) The Call of the Wild is a 2007 documentary film by the independent filmmaker Ron Lamothe. The premise details the odyssey of Christopher McCandless as Lamothe takes a road trip across North America to the places McCandless visited. Within the film, Lamothe reaches conclusions about McCandless' death which contradict both Sean Penn's film \"\"Into the Wild\"\" (2007) and Jon Krakauer's book \"\"Into the Wild\"\" (1997), on which Penn's film was based. In 2006, Ron Lamothe, decided to make a road trip documentary on Christopher McCandless. Lamothe was inspired by McCandless' story even before", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 30 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15190224", "chunk_text": "\"The Call of the Wild\"\nabout which London later wrote: \"\"Yes, Buck is based on your dog at Dawson.\"\" Beinecke Library at Yale University holds a photograph of Bond's dog, taken during London's stay in the Klondike in 1897. The depiction of the California ranch in the beginning of the story was based on the Bond family ranch. On his return to California, London was unable to find work and relied on odd jobs such as cutting grass. He submitted a query letter to the San Francisco \"\"Bulletin\"\" proposing a story about his Alaskan adventure, but the idea was rejected because, as the editor told", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 31 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3093076", "chunk_text": "\"The Call of the Wild (1923 film)\"\nin Colorado. Truckee was one of Hollywood’s favorite locations for filming during the early part of the 20th century, with close to a 100 movies and sequences being filmed there and in the surrounding area. The popular television series Bonanza filmed there as well. Truckee was often chosen for filming winter scenes, because of the area's similarity to the Alaskan wilderness. The 1935 film adaption of London's novel starring Clark Gable and Loretta Young filmed there as well on a special set constructed near Prosser Creek. Sol Lesser is credited for discovering Buck, the animal star of the film. The", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 32 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19060116", "chunk_text": "\"The Call of the Wild (2007 film)\"\nin Alaska-and along I-80 through Nebraska to Council Bluffs, Iowa with a group of young adults who enjoy collecting mushrooms alongside the road. After days of hitchhiking, Lamothe finally makes it to Carthage but learns that no one in the town will take interviews for his documentary, since they are under contract by Paramount Vantage for Penn's film. However, Lamothe does get to interview the truck driver who gave McCandless a ride from Carthage to Enderlin, North Dakota, as his life story was not owned by Paramount. After departing Carthage, Lamothe travels through Canada but this time as the driver.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 33 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19060117", "chunk_text": "\"The Call of the Wild (2007 film)\"\nHe agrees to pick up any hitchhiker he sees but unfortunately doesn't find any along the way. Finally, Lamothe arrives in Fairbanks, Alaska, where he interviews a few locals at a bar who only have criticisms about McCandless. Lamothe sets out on the Stampede Trail on foot, but when he tries to cross the Teklanika River, his camera becomes damaged, leading him to think his film is ruined. However, unknown to Lamothe, his camera is fine as he attempts to film as much of Bus 142 (where McCandless died in August 1992) as possible. After a few nights at the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 34 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13764922", "chunk_text": "\"Call of the Forest (1949 film)\"\nCall of the Forest (1949 film) Call of the Forest is a 1949 American Western film directed by John F. Link and starring Robert Lowery, Ken Curtis, Chief Thundercloud, Black Diamond and Charlie Hughes. It was also known as The Flaming Forest and Untamed. The \"\"Los Angeles Times\"\" reviewer thought it \"\"seemed to be cramming all the outdoors pictures ever made into one\"\". A prospector Bob Brand (Ken Curtis) searches for riches from a lost gold mine, his son Bobby (Charlie Hughes) befriends an American Indian named Stormcloud (Chief Thundercloud). As a reward for Bobby's kindness, Stormcloud provides him with", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 35 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20721315", "chunk_text": "\"The Call of the Wolves\"\nThe Call of the Wolves The Call of the Wolves is a 1989 children's picture book by Jim Murphy and illustrated by Mark Weatherby. It is about a young wolf that is separated from his pack during a caribou hunt but is eventually reunited. In its review of \"\"The Call of the Wolves\"\", \"\"BookList\"\" wrote \"\"The taut story line, compelling illustrations, and recently renewed interest in wolves make this fictionalized account valuable.\"\" and the \"\"School Library Journal\"\" wrote \"\"The exquisite ice-blue pages portray the majestic arctic wilderness in a wintry, snowy, half-light. Weatherby's animals spring to life, and he adeptly", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 36 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10035334", "chunk_text": "\"The Call of the Wild (1972 film)\"\nfilm was shot on location in Finland. Charlton Heston in his autobiography \"\"In the Arena: An Autobiography\"\" made it very clear how unhappy he was with this film and asked people to not watch it. Although it was poorly received upon release, and wasn't released in the United States until 1975, today the film is seen in a better light. \"\"Contemporary British and Irish Film Directors: A Wallflower Critical Guide\"\" described it as a \"\"swinging back to action-adventure\"\", starring \"\"Charlton Heston at his best\"\", another in the \"\"long line of Annakin's panoramic films featuring a myriad of beautiful locations\"\". The", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 37 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16491549", "chunk_text": "\"Louis Whitford Bond\"\nLouis Whitford Bond Louis Whitford Bond is remembered for having been one of two brothers who were the landlords and among the employers of Jack London during the Klondike Gold Rush. Their dog was the inspiration for his novel \"\"The Call of the Wild\"\". Bond was born November 1, 1865, at Rushford, Allegany County, New York, and was the son of Judge Hiram G. Bond and Laura A. (Higgins) Bond. His younger brother was Marshall Latham Bond. After preparation at St. Paul's School, Concord, New Hampshire, he took the Select course in the Sheffield Scientific School within Yale University. Upon", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 38 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15190220", "chunk_text": "\"The Call of the Wild\"\nin college at Berkeley, when in 1897 he went to the Klondike by way of Alaska during the height of the Klondike Gold Rush. Later, he said of the experience: \"\"It was in the Klondike I found myself.\"\" He left California in July and traveled by boat to Dyea, Alaska, where he landed and went inland. To reach the gold fields, he and his party transported their gear over the Chilkoot Pass, often carrying loads as heavy as on their backs. They were successful in staking claims to eight gold mines along the Stewart River. London stayed in the Klondike", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 39 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8647827", "chunk_text": "\"Call of the Wild (TV series)\"\nand Miles' mother, Adoley Thornton, want to support Miles in his quest to prove himself as a guide. Miles has several run-ins with his stepfather John Thornton, who wants a different future for Miles. A fatigued Buck is bought at auction by brother and sister, Hal and Mercedes, who want to use him on a team to travel the Yukon and Alaska. Miles, encouraged by his mother and Emma, offers to guide them. Mill Creek Entertainment released the entire series on DVD in Region 1 on September 14, 2010. Call of the Wild (TV series) Call of the Wild is", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 40 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11349784", "chunk_text": "\"The Call of the Wild\"\n– in which a character learns and grows – in that Buck becomes progressively less civilized. Gianquitto explains that Buck has evolved to the point that he is ready to join a wolf pack, which has a social structure uniquely adapted to and successful in the harsh arctic environment, unlike humans, who are weak in the harsh environment. The first chapter opens with the first quatrain of John Myers O'Hara's poem, \"\"Atavism\"\", published in 1902 in \"\"The Bookman\"\". The stanza outlines one of the main motifs of \"\"The Call of the Wild\"\": that Buck, when removed from the \"\"sun-kissed\"\" Santa", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 41 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4834715", "chunk_text": "\"The Call of the Wild\"\nLehan. The story is also an example of American pastoralism—a prevailing theme in American literature—in which the mythic hero returns to nature. As with other characters of American literature, such as Rip van Winkle and Huckleberry Finn, Buck symbolizes a reaction against industrialization and social convention with a return to nature. London presents the motif simply, clearly, and powerfully in the story, a motif later echoed by 20th century American writers William Faulkner and Ernest Hemingway (most notably in \"\"Big Two-Hearted River\"\"). Doctorow says of the story that it is \"\"fervently American\"\". The enduring appeal of the story, according to", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 42 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19889174", "chunk_text": "\"The Call of the Wild (2007 film)\"\nSean Penn, who coincidentally was then filming a major motion picture about McCandless. Lamothe interviews a few graduates on their plans after college in hopes of finding a \"\"McCandless\"\" in the crowd while comparing the graduates to the free-spirited Generation X. Lamothe then ventures to California and visits Slab City, where McCandless had stayed during the Christmas holidays in 1991. Lamothe tours Salvation Mountain and interviews Leonard Knight, who built the site and claims to have met McCandless during McCandless' stay. On June 3, Lamothe and a friend travel to Lake Mead and discuss the casting choice of Emile Hirsch", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 43 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19135291", "chunk_text": "\"Marshall Latham Bond\"\nMarshall Latham Bond Marshall Latham Bond was one of two brothers who were Jack London's landlords and among his employers during the autumn of 1897 and the spring of 1898 during the Klondike Gold Rush. They were the owners of the dog that London fictionalized as Buck in his 1903 novel \"\"The Call of the Wild\"\". Marshall Latham Bond was born at Mayhurst Plantation in Orange, Virginia in March 1867 and died in Seattle, Washington in 1941. He was the son of Judge Hiram Bond and Laura Ann Higgins. Marshall Bond was a mining engineer, stockbroker, real estate broker, cowboy", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 44 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19135297", "chunk_text": "\"Marshall Latham Bond\"\nhill overlooking Dawson City, Yukon. One of their tenants during the fall of 1897 and part of the spring of 1898 was a young man who did chores on a labor exchange for one of their tent spaces. This was author Jack London. The main character of the novel \"\"The Call of the Wild\"\", Buck, was based on a large St. Bernard/Collie owned by the Bonds. The dog was lent to London by the Bonds for the performance of his work. Marshall Bond went to Pampanga in the Philippines with a shipment of horses for the United States Cavalry. By", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 45 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13605692", "chunk_text": "\"The Call of the Wild (1972 film)\"\nGerman Shepherd dog he befriends. Thornton struggles against unscrupulous rivals and natural hazards in the extreme conditions and is greatly helped by Buck who has his own story to tell: he was abducted from a family home and taken north to become a working sled dog. Man and dog forge a true bond of friendship, working together to survive life in the treacherous frozen North. Thornton is killed by Yeehat Indians, but Buck kills the men to avenge John Thornton. At the end of the film, Buck comes to the White River to mourn the place where he died. The", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 46 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19053155", "chunk_text": "\"Call of the Wild (2009 film)\"\nthe back porch one night, Ryann decides to take the wolf, whom she names Buck, back to Boston with her as a pet, but Grandpa knows Buck will eventually have to return to the wild. Call of the Wild (2009 film) Call of the Wild (also known as \"\"Call of the Wild 3D\"\", titled \"\"Buck\"\" in Australia and New Zealand) is an American film starring Christopher Lloyd, Timothy Bottoms, Veronica Cartwright, Christopher Dempsey, Joyce DeWitt, Ariel Gade, Devon Graye, Devon Iott, Kameron Knox, Russell Snyder, and Wes Studi; and directed by Richard Gabai. A modern-day retelling of Jack London's classic", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 47 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11349787", "chunk_text": "\"The Call of the Wild\"\na camp that is dirty. They treat their dogs badly; they are artificial interlopers in the pristine landscape. Conversely, Buck's next masters, John Thornton and his two companions, are described as \"\"living close to the earth\"\". They keep a clean camp, treat their animals well, and represent man's nobility in nature. Unlike Buck, Thornton loses his fight with his fellow species, and not until Thornton's death does Buck revert fully to the wild and his primordial state. The characters too are symbolic of types. Charles, Hal and Mercedes symbolize vanity and ignorance, while Thornton and his companions represent loyalty, purity,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 48 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11853622", "chunk_text": "\"The Call of Earth\"\nThe Call of Earth The Call of Earth (1992) is a science fiction novel by American writer Orson Scott Card. It the second book of the Homecoming Saga, a fictionalization of the first few hundred years recorded in the Book of Mormon. The book focuses on several key events that happen after Nafai, Elemak, Issib, Mebbekew, Zdorab and the father Volemak leave for the desert. Elemak has a dream from the Oversoul, foretelling Volemak's sons going back to the city of Basilica to get wives. The sons proceed to Nafai's and Issib's mother, Rasa, who is attempting to keep order", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 49 } ]
test_3507	who were the first kings to issue coins bearing their names?	n/a	[ "the Indo-Greek kings" ]	[]	n/a	n/a	n/a	[]	[ { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14725433", "chunk_text": "Coin\nof private individuals and are thus more akin to tokens or badges than to modern coins, though due to their numbers it is evident that some were official state issues, with King Alyattes of Lydia, 619–560 BC, being a frequently mentioned originator of coinage. The first Lydian coins were made of electrum, a naturally occurring alloy of silver and gold that was further alloyed with added silver and copper. Most of the early Lydian coins include no writing (\"\"legend\"\" or \"\"inscription\"\"), only an image of a symbolic animal. Therefore, the dating of these coins relies primarily on archaeological evidence, with", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 0 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15838814", "chunk_text": "Iceni\nthe only coin-producing group to use their tribal name on coins. The earliest personal name to appear on coins is Antedios (about 10 BC), and other abbreviated names like AESU and SAEMU follow. It has been discovered that the name of Antedios’ succeeding ruler Prasutagus appears on the coins as well. H. R. Mossop in his article “An Elusive Icenian Legend” discusses coins that were discovered by D. F. Allen in Joist Fen, Suffolk, and states, “It is the coins Nos. 6 and 7 which give an advance in the obverse reading, confirming Allen’s attractive reading PRASTO, with its implied", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 1 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19169514", "chunk_text": "\"Bithynian coinage\"\nsilver and bronze coinage. Elsewhere, Cappadocians are primarily known for their military issues of coins, and the less monetized Pontic region primarily struck bronze coinage. The purpose of the first royal Bithynian and Cappadocian bronze coinage is still unknown. The first king was Zipoetes I c. 298 BC – c. 279 BC. It is thought that there were no coinage struck during his reign. The first Bithynian king to strike coins was Nicomedes I (c. 280 BC – c. 250 BC). He is primarily known for bringing the Gauls known as Galatians to the Asia Minor in 277 BC to", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 2 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4687635", "chunk_text": "Coin\ncoinage and the use of punch-marked techniques was introduced to India from the Achaemenid Empire during the 4th century BCE. More Achaemenid coins were also found in Pushkalavati and in Bhir Mound. According to Aristotle (fr. 611,37, ed. V. Rose) and Pollux (Onamastikon IX.83), the first issuer of Greek coinage was Hermodike of Kyme. A small percentage of early Lydian/Greek coins have a legend. A famous early electrum coin, the most ancient inscribed coin at present known, is from nearby Caria. This coin has a Greek legend reading \"\"phaenos emi sema\"\" interpreted variously as \"\"I am the badge of Phanes\"\",", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 3 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6221889", "chunk_text": "\"Ancient Greek coinage\"\nby other Greeks as showing hubris (arrogance). But the kings of Ptolemaic Egypt and Seleucid Syria had no such scruples: having already awarded themselves with \"\"divine\"\" status, they issued magnificent gold coins adorned with their own portraits, with the symbols of their state on the reverse. The names of the kings were frequently inscribed on the coin as well. This established a pattern for coins which has persisted ever since: a portrait of the king, usually in profile and striking a heroic pose, on the obverse, with his name beside him, and a coat of arms or other symbol of", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 4 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16278182", "chunk_text": "\"Aksumite currency\"\nለየከነ ፡ ለአዘሐበ\"\" \"\"FŚḤ LYKN LʾḤZB\"\" (vocalization: ፍሥሓ ፡ ለይኲን ፡ ለአሕዛብ ፡ \"\"fiśśiḥā la-yikʷin la-'aḥzāb\"\", \"\"Let the people be glad,\"\" lit. \"\"Gladness let there be to the peoples\"\"). Endubis, the first known Aksumite king to mint coins, focused almost entirely on his image on both the obverse and reverse. The images were of his head and upper half of his chest in profile, wearing a regnal headcloth or helmet and abundant jewelry. In addition to inscribing his regnal name, Endybis also noted his \"\"\"\"bisi\"\" name, a practice continued by his early successors, but often missing in later coins. The", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 5 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3293037", "chunk_text": "\"Herodian coinage\"\nGreek inscription 'BACIΛEWC APIΣΤΌΒΥΛΟΎ' (King Aristobulus), while the reverse shows Salome and, on one example, the Greek inscription 'BACIΛIC ΣΆΛΩΜΉ' (Queen Salome). Herodian coinage Herodian coinage are coins minted and issued by the Herodian Dynasty, Jews of Idumean descent who ruled the province of Judaea between 37 BC–92 AD. The dynasty was founded by Herod the Great who was the son of Antipater, a powerful official under the Hasmonean King Hyrcanus II. The coinage of Herod the Great continued the Jewish tradition of not depicting a graven image. However, a prutah of Herod was the first coin since the Persian", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 6 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10941935", "chunk_text": "\"Coins of the Republic of Ireland\"\nwere widely accepted in Ireland, and conversely to a lesser extent. In 1979 Ireland joined the Exchange Rate Mechanism and the Irish pound left parity with sterling; coin designs introduced after this differed between the two countries. The first coins minted in Ireland were produced in about 995 AD in Dublin for King Sitric, the Hiberno-Norse King of Dublin. These penny coins bore the head and name of the king and the word \"\"Dyflin\"\" for Dublin. John of England was among the first Anglo-Norman monarchs to mint coins in Ireland; these were farthings, halfpennies and pennies. It was not until", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 7 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6482359", "chunk_text": "\"Aksumite currency\"\nas the tied end of a cloth or fillet to hold the helmet or headcloth in place. Most coins also included an inscription (usually in Greek) meaning \"\"King of Aksum\"\" or King of the Aksumites\"\" (\"\"Basileus AXWMITW\"\"). However, many coins were also minted anonymously (or even posthumously), especially during the 5th century. Inscriptions on the coins could include a \"\"bisi\"\" name (\"\"man of,\"\" Ge'ez: bə'əsyä ብእስየ) or an epithet (beginning with \"\"Əllä\"\", Ge'ez: እለ \"\"he who\"\") in addition to the king's personal name. \"\"Bisi\"\" names were used more often in conjuncture with personal names on earlier coins, while the epithets", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 8 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13585685", "chunk_text": "\"Coinage of the Kingdom of Pontus\"\ncoinage. Royal coinage was struck on gold and silver. They also had king's image and name on them. Coinage produced by cities were made from bronze and had name of the city on reverse side of the coin. Coinage struck autonomously by cities was discontinued for a time, as the cities lost their autonomy under reign of Pharnakes I. Mithridates VI restored privilege of cities to have their own coinage, but he retained some control, as can be deducted from standardization of local coinage. Pontic coinage has very fine portraits of their kings. Only Greco-Bactrian coinage is minted in such", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 9 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19406167", "chunk_text": "Shekel\ncommon among western Semitic peoples. Moabites, Edomites, and Phoenicians used the shekel, although proper coinage developed very late. Carthaginian coinage was based on the shekel and may have preceded its home town of Tyre in issuing proper coins. Coins were used and may have been invented by the early Anatolian traders who stamped their marks to avoid weighing each time used. Herodotus states that the first coinage was issued by Croesus, King of Lydia, spreading to the golden Daric (worth 20 \"\"sigloi\"\" or shekel), issued by the Persian Empire and the silver Athenian obol and drachma. Early coins were money", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 10 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17429407", "chunk_text": "\"Post-Mauryan coinage\"\nKalinga Brahmi scripts. The Satavahanas at first issued relatively simple designs. Their coins also display various traditional symbols, such as elephants, lions, horses and chaityas (stupas), as well as the \"\"Ujjain symbol\"\", a cross with four circles at the end. Later, in the 1st or 2nd century CE, the Satavahanas became the first rulers to issue their own coins with portraits of their rulers, starting with king Gautamiputra Satakarni, a practice derived from that of the Western Satraps he defeated, itself originating with the Indo-Greek kings to the northwest. Satavahana coins give unique indications as to their chronology, language, and", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 11 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15267943", "chunk_text": "\"History of coins\"\nmore advanced in civilization. However, as with all fables, there is a problem with the dates. A real King Mita of Phrygia lived in the 8th century BC but coins were not invented until well after the Phrygian kingdom collapsed. There were some pre-coin types, with no recognisable image, used in the Ionian city of Miletus and the island of Samos but it is noteworthy that the coins from Cyme, when first circulated around 600-550 BC, utilised the symbol of the horse - tying them to the house of Agamemnon and the glory of the Greek victory over Troy. Cyme,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 12 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13047944", "chunk_text": "\"Coins of the pound sterling\"\nfollowing the 2008 redesign which moved the date from the reverse (tails) to the obverse (heads) side. From a very early date, British coins have been inscribed with the name of the ruler of the kingdom in which they were produced, and a longer or shorter title, always in Latin; among the earliest distinctive English coins are the silver pennies of Offa of Mercia, which were inscribed with the legend \"\"King Offa\"\". As the legends became longer, words in the inscriptions were often abbreviated so that they could fit on the coin; identical legends have often been abbreviated in different", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 13 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9975733", "chunk_text": "\"Dynamis (Bosporan queen)\"\nthis occurred by the concurrence of Octavian (the name used by historians for Augustus before he became the emperor) and Mark Antony when they shared the rule of the Roman Empire. Minns reckoned that Asander started issuing coins in his name in 44 BC, the year Caesar, who supported Mithridates of Pergamon, died. Then he started minting with the acquiescence of Octavian, whose head featured on his coins. For the first three years the coins had the inscription ΑΡΧΟΝΤΟΣ ΑΣΑΝ ΔΡΟΥ (Archiontos Asandrou), archon Asander. Here we also have the first occurrence of φιλορώαμιος (philoromaios, friend of Rome) on coinage.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 14 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6264754", "chunk_text": "\"Seleucus VI Epiphanes\"\nwith similar names; the numbering of kings is a modern practice. Seleucus VI appeared on his coins with the epithets \"\"Epiphanes\"\" (God Manifest) and \"\"Nicator\"\" (Victorious). As being the son of Antiochus VIII was the source of his legitimacy as king, Seleucus VI sought to emphasize his descent by depicting himself on the coinage with an exaggerated hawk-nose in the likeness of his father. The volume of coins minted by the new king in Seleucia on the Calycadnus surpassed any other mint known from the late Seleucid period, and most of the coins were produced during his preparations for war", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 15 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18842659", "chunk_text": "\"Seleucid coinage\"\nEmpire continued to mint coins with image of Alexander the Great. Such coins were widespread within the Seleucid Empire, as all mints except the one in Bactra struck them. Antiochus I, son of Seleucus I, was the first Seleucid ruler to strike coins with his own image on them. Typically, coins which were not based on Attic weight, did not circulate within the empire. Attalid, Ptolemaic and Rhodian coins were using a different standard. Regulations may have existed to enforce usage of the Attic standard. However, the regulations were probably made for practical reasons rather than being politically motivated. Coele-Syria", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 16 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4801288", "chunk_text": "Penny\nafter around 680 were probably known as \"\"pennies\"\" at the time. (The misnomer is based on a probable misreading of the Anglo-Saxon legal codes.) Their purity varied and their weight fluctuated from about 0.8 to about They continued to be minted in East Anglia under Beonna and in Northumbria as late as the mid-9th century. The first Carolingian-style pennies were introduced by King Offa of Mercia (. 757–796), modeled on Pepin's system. His first series was ⁄ of the Saxon pound of , giving a pennyweight of about His queen Cynethryth also minted these coins under her own name. Near", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 17 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3293021", "chunk_text": "\"Herodian coinage\"\nHerodian coinage Herodian coinage are coins minted and issued by the Herodian Dynasty, Jews of Idumean descent who ruled the province of Judaea between 37 BC–92 AD. The dynasty was founded by Herod the Great who was the son of Antipater, a powerful official under the Hasmonean King Hyrcanus II. The coinage of Herod the Great continued the Jewish tradition of not depicting a graven image. However, a prutah of Herod was the first coin since the Persian period to depict a living creature - an eagle, which may have been an allusion to the golden eagle that Herod erected", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 18 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7520212", "chunk_text": "Addedomarus\nAddedomarus Addedomarus (sometimes written Aθθedomarus on coins) was a king of south-eastern Britain in the late 1st century BC. His name is known only from his inscribed coins, the distribution of which seem to indicate that he was the ruler of the Trinovantes. He was the first king to produce inscribed coins north of the Thames, perhaps as early as 35 BC, although some estimates are as late as 15 BC. He seems to have moved the Trinovantian capital from Braughing in Hertfordshire to Camulodunum (Colchester, Essex). For a brief period (ca. 15-10 BC) he seems to have been supplanted", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 19 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7881914", "chunk_text": "\"Hermodike II\"\nabout those who invented the process of coining money mentioning Pheidon and Demodike from Cyme, wife of the Phrygian king, Midas, and daughter of King Agamemnon of Cyme. The 8th century BC King Midas pre-dates coinage. Coins were not invented until 610 BC by King Alyattes (610–560 BC). The Lydian Lion coin directly preceded ancient Greek coinage, through which Rome begot all Western coinage. Yet, although the Lydian Lion was minted by Alyattes for use as a \"\"nobleman's tax-token\"\", \"\"it took some time before ancient coins were used for everyday commerce and trade. Even the smallest-denomination electrum coins, perhaps worth", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 20 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19928714", "chunk_text": "\"Illyrian coinage\"\nthe Aegean, as well as original symbols such as tongs of a metal smelter. The circulation of Damastion coins included Kosovo, southern Serbia, Macedonia and the Adriatic coast from Shkodër to Split. The presence of silver mines around the city in ancient sources made it possible for the minting of coins in such a great abundance. The only kings to have minted coins bearing their names were Lycceius, Patraus, Audoleon, Monunius, Mytilus, Gentius and Ballaios. The coinage of Patraus is remarkable. They have on the obverse a head of Apollo, which may be in allusion to the king's name, Apollo", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 21 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20818691", "chunk_text": "Philippeioi\nfor large purchases outside of Macedonia. As a result, they spread quickly, first to the Balkans and continental Greece, and eventually throughout the Western world of the time; stashes of \"\"philippeioi\"\" have been uncovered in Italy, Constantinople, Southern Russia, Cyprus, Syria, and Egypt. The vast majority of these were actually struck by Philip's successor, Alexander the Great. The \"\"philippeioi\"\" issued by Alexander after Philip's death continued to use that name officially, though they were often called \"\"alexanders\"\" by Alexander's supporters. Considered the most famous coins to be struck by king Philip II, the \"\"philippeioi\"\" continued to be highly influential even", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 22 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19234012", "chunk_text": "Corieltauvi\nof centralised government. They appear to have been a federation of smaller, self-governing tribal groups. From the beginning of the 1st century, they began to produce inscribed coins: almost all featured two names, and one series had three, suggesting they had multiple rulers. The names on the earliest coins are so abbreviated as to be unidentifiable. Later coins feature the name of Volisios, apparently the paramount king of the region, together with names of three presumed sub-kings, Dumnocoveros, Dumnovellaunus and Cartivelios, in three series minted ca. 45 AD. The Corieltauvi had an important mint, and possibly a tribal centre, at", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 23 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12547665", "chunk_text": "Coin\non the other. Some coins employed a visual pun: some coins from Rhodes featured a rose, since the Greek word for rose is \"\"rhodon\"\". The use of inscriptions on coins also began, usually the name of the issuing city. The wealthy cities of Sicily produced some especially fine coins. The large silver \"\"decadrachm\"\" (10-drachm) coin from Syracuse is regarded by many collectors as the finest coin produced in the ancient world, perhaps ever. Syracusan issues were rather standard in their imprints, one side bearing the head of the nymph Arethusa and the other usually a victorious quadriga. The tyrants of", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 24 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6482361", "chunk_text": "\"Aksumite currency\"\nthe early 4th century. Around this time, numerous anonymous bronze coins with simply \"\"Βασιλεύς\"\" (Basileus, \"\"King\"\") on the obverse were minted by either King Ezana or one of his successors. The coins bore the first example of an Aksumite motto on the reverse, \"\"May this please the people\"\" (Greek: ΤΟΥΤΟΑΡΕΣΗΤΗΧΩΡΑ). It was later written in unvocalized Ge'ez as \"\"ለሐዘበ ፡ ዘየደአ\"\" \"\"LʾḤZB ZYDʾ\"\" and under King Kaleb also \"\"ለሀገረ ፡ ዘየደአ\"\" \"\"LHGR ZYDʾ\"\", \"\"may this please the city [country].\"\" Similar mottoes were used by other kings. Coins of the early 7th-century Emperor Armah had inscribed on the back \"\"ፈሰሐ ፡", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 25 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4320528", "chunk_text": "\"Aksumite currency\"\nof the Kings of Aksum. An estimated 98 percent of the city of Aksum remains unexcavated, and other areas even more so. Through analysis of the number of coins produced and the style of coins, archaeologists have been able to construct a rough chronology, generally agreed upon until the late 6th- and 7th-century kings. Of the 20 Aksumite Kings attested by their coins, inscriptions corroborate the existence of only two, who happen to be the most famous kings: Ezana and Kaleb, both of whose reigns were periods of exceptional prosperity during the height of the Aksumite kingdom. Many coins have", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 26 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14073983", "chunk_text": "\"History of coins\"\nWestern-style coinage in the late nineteenth century. Other countries in Asia, in Africa, and elsewhere have adopted the Western approach to coinage as well. The Lydian Lion was minted by Alyattes of Lydia, Lydia, 610–560 BC. However, it took some time before ancient coins were used for commerce and trade. Even the smallest-denomination electrum coins, perhaps worth about a day's subsistence, would have been too valuable for buying a loaf of bread. The Trojan Horse had become synonymous with the name of Agamemnon and the symbolism of the horse was stamped on the coins from Cyme in Aeolia, presumably in", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 27 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2540907", "chunk_text": "\"Aristobulus I\"\nof Judah's coins were found in the regions of Galilee and the Golan, primary, the largest amount of coins were from Gamla. Majority of them come from his actual reign, while a small amount of these coins were minted after. Aristobulus I Judah Aristobulus I ( \"\"Ioúdās Aristóboulos\"\", the epithet meaning \"\"best-advising\"\"; reigned c. 104 – 103 BC) was the first ruler of the Hasmonean Dynasty to declare himself \"\"king\"\". He was the eldest of the five sons of John Hyrcanus, the previous leader. Aristobulus was not only just the first king from the Hasmonean lineage, but the first of", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 28 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12701577", "chunk_text": "\"Obverse and reverse\"\na smaller image of a monarch appears on the other side which is called the reverse. In a Western monarchy, it has been customary, following the tradition of the Hellenistic monarchs and then the Roman emperors, for the currency to bear the head of the monarch on one side, which is almost always regarded as the obverse. This change happened in the coinage of Alexander the Great, which continued to be minted long after his death. After his conquest of ancient Egypt, he allowed himself to be depicted on the obverse of coins as a god-king, at least partly because", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 29 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2540906", "chunk_text": "\"Aristobulus I\"\nthose territories to support Hasmonean political, economic, and religious ideology, displacing much of the pre-existing population. Although many of these towns were later seized by Roman forces who instituted pro-Hellenic policies, the previous Hasmonean influence survived and would incite conflict during and after the rule of Herod the Great. The first mint of Hasmonean coins didn't begin until the leadership of John Hyrcanus. Like his father, Judah Aristobulus only minted his coins with the title of the high priesthood. It wasn't until Alexander Jannaeus that both the roles of kingship and the high priesthood were minted onto coins. The majority", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 30 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3630407", "chunk_text": "Mancus\ncoins. In many cases they had strong associations with specific issuing authorities such as a king (e.g., Coenwulf of Mercia), emperor (like Louis the Pious) or archbishop (e.g., Wigmund of York). On the other hand, they might not reference any king at all, and may relate to the issuing city (e.g., Chartres) or moneyer (like Pendred and Ciolhard at London under Offa). Some gold pieces were simply struck from regular silver dies. In addition to these gold pieces with meaningful inscriptions issued in the west, there circulated some genuine Arabic dinars and imitations of them. Curiously, several of these imitative", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 31 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2814961", "chunk_text": "\"Offa of Mercia\"\ncoins minted later in Offa's reign) can probably be dated to the late 760s and early 770s. A second, medium-weight coinage can be identified before the early 790s. These new medium-weight coins were heavier, broader and thinner than the pennies they replaced, and were prompted by the contemporary Carolingian currency reforms. The new pennies almost invariably carried both Offa's name and the name of the moneyer from whose mint the coins came. The reform in the coinage appears to have extended beyond Offa's own mints: the kings of East Anglia, Kent and Wessex all produced coins of the new heavier", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 32 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5306667", "chunk_text": "\"Silver coin\"\nto dominate the Greek world. The most powerful of their kings, Alexander the Great eventually launched an attack on the Kingdom of Persia, defeating and conquering it. Alexander's Empire fell apart after his death in 323 BC, and the eastern mediterranean region and western Asia (previously Persian territory) were divided into a small number of \"\"kingdoms\"\", replacing the city state as the principal unit of Greek government. Greek coins were now issued by kings, and only to a lesser extent by cities. Greek rulers were now minting coins as far away as Egypt and central Asia. The tetradrachm (four drachms)", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 33 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2570745", "chunk_text": "\"Gold coin\"\nname of king Croesus of Lydia remains associated with the invention (although the Parian Chronicle mentions Pheidon of Argos as a contender). In 546 BC, Croesus was captured by the Persians, who adopted gold as the main metal for their coins. The most valuable of all Persian minted coinage still remains the gold drahms, minted in 1 AD as a gift by the Persian King Vonones Hebrew Bible new testament (Matthew 2.1–23). Ancient Greek coinage contained a number of gold coins issued by the various city states. The Ying yuan is an early gold coin minted in ancient China. The", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 34 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5742443", "chunk_text": "\"Ptolemaic coinage\"\ndepression, similar to what can be found on Seleucid coinage. The Ptolemaic dynasty introduced coinage to Egypt, where pre-existing native dynasties did not use coins. The first Ptolemaic mint was in Memphis and was later moved to Alexandria. Succeeding in monetizing the Egyptian society, largely due to efforts of king Ptolemy II Philadelphus, the Ptolemaic kingdom flourished. For most of its history, the kingdom vigorously enforced a policy of a single currency, confiscating foreign coins found on its territory and forcing its dominions to adopt Ptolemaic coinage. In the rare cases when these dominions were allowed their own currency, such", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 35 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16962058", "chunk_text": "\"Domitianus II\"\nInvictus (i.e. the sun perceived as a deity ). The representation is not realistic, but standardized and stereotypical and is very similar to that of the later coins of the Gallic Emperor Victorinus (269–271) and the earliest of Tetricus I, the last Gallic Emperor (271–274). Both coins bear the same legend, , an abbreviation for \"\"Imperator Caesar Domitianus Pius Felix Augustus\"\". An unusual feature here is the absence of any reference to Domitianus's nomen or praenomen. Gallic Empire coins usually bear the full \"\"tria nomina\"\" of the prince celebrated the better to carry out their propagandist function. On the reverse,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 36 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8696731", "chunk_text": "\"Edmund the Martyr\"\nto mean that he was descended from a noble and ancient race. It is known that a variety of different coins were minted by Edmund's moneyers during his reign. The letters \"\"AN\"\", standing for 'Anglia', only appear on the coins of Edmund and Æthelstan of East Anglia: they appear on Edmund's coins as part of the phrase \"\"+ EADMUND REX AN\"\". Later specimens read \"\"+ EADMUND REX\"\" and so it is possible for his coins to be divided chronologically. Otherwise, no chronology for his coins has been confirmed. The \"\"Anglo-Saxon Chronicle\"\", which generally described few matters relating to the East", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 37 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20468037", "chunk_text": "\"Cyme (Aeolis)\"\nwealth flowed into his own treasury... though it is more likely, that what the Greeks called invention, was rather the introduction of the knowledge of them [coins] from countries more advanced in civilization. It is possible that the mythical figure of Midas was based on a real king of Phrygia in the 8th century BC known as Mita. However, as with all fables, there is a problem with the dates. Coins were not invented until 610 BC by King Alyattes in Lydia whose kingdom started well after the Phrygian kingdom collapsed. His Lydian Lion was most likely the oldest coin", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 38 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9982506", "chunk_text": "\"Eadbald of Kent\"\nslave trade. The wealth this commerce brought to Kent may have been the basis of the continuing, though diminished, importance of Kent in Eadbald's reign. Coins were probably first minted in Kent in Æthelberht's reign, though none bear his name. These early golden coins were probably the shillings (\"\"scillingas\"\" in Old English) that are mentioned in Æthelberht's laws. The coins are also known to numismatists as \"\"thrymsas\"\". Thrymsas are known from Eadbald's reign; but few are known that carry his name: one such was minted at London and inscribed \"\"AVDVARLD\"\". It has been suggested that kings did not have a", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 39 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "899458", "chunk_text": "Coin\ncurrency also seems to have been current in Central Asia from the 6th century. Cyrus the Great introduced coins to the Persian Empire after 546 BC, following his conquest of Lydia and the defeat of its king Croesus, who had put in place the first coinage in history. With his conquest of Lydia, Cyrus acquired a region in which coinage was invented, developped through advanced metallurgy, and had already been in circulation for about 50 years, making the Lydian Kingdom one of the leading trade powers of the time. It seems Cyrus initially adopted the Lydian coinage as such, and", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 40 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1180528", "chunk_text": "\"Kingdom of Northumbria\"\nto bartering) regained popularity in the late 600s, Northumbrian coins featured kings' names, indicating royal control of currency. Royal currency was unique in Britain for a long time. King Aldfrith (685–705) minted Northumbria's earliest silver coins, likely in York. Later royal coinage bears the name of King Eadberht (738–758), as well as his brother, archbishop Ecgbert of York. Later kings and archbishops minted coins until the Danish conquest of York in 866/7. These coins were primarily small silver sceattas, more suitable to small, everyday transactions than larger gold Frankish or Roman coins. They were not a fiat currency, but rather", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 41 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18610111", "chunk_text": "\"Sovereign (British coin)\"\ndouble ryal, but soon changed the name to sovereign. Too great in value to have any practical use in circulation, the original sovereign likely served as a presentation piece to be given to dignitaries. The English sovereign, the country's first coin to be valued at one pound, was struck by the monarchs of the 16th century, the size and fineness often being altered. James I, when he came to the English throne in 1603, issued a sovereign in the year of his accession. but the following year, soon after he proclaimed himself King of Great Britain, France and Ireland, he", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 42 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12547667", "chunk_text": "Coin\nand Taranto. These ancient cities started producing coins from 550BC to 510BC. Although many of the firt coins illustrated the images of various gods, the first portraiture of actual rulers appears with the coinage of Lycia in the 5th century BC. No ruler had dared illustrating his own portrait on coinage until that time. The Achaemenids had been the first to illustrate the person of their king or a hero in a stereotypical manner, showing a bust or the full body but never an actual portrait, on their Sigloi and Daric coinage from circa 500 BC. A slightly earlier candidate", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 43 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "275707", "chunk_text": "Numismatics\nroyalty and nobility. Collectors of coins were Pope Boniface VIII, Emperor Maximilian of the Holy Roman Empire, Louis XIV of France, Ferdinand I, Elector Joachim II of Brandenburg who started the Berlin coin cabinet and Henry IV of France to name a few. Numismatics is called the \"\"Hobby of Kings\"\", due to its most esteemed founders. Professional societies organised in the 19th century. The Royal Numismatic Society was founded in 1836 and immediately began publishing the journal that became the \"\"Numismatic Chronicle\"\". The American Numismatic Society was founded in 1858 and began publishing the \"\"American Journal of Numismatics\"\" in 1866.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 44 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4687638", "chunk_text": "Coin\nmeans tomb makes this coin a famous and controversial one. Another candidate for the site of the earliest coins is Aegina, where Chelone (\"\"turtle\"\") coins were first minted circa 700 BC. Coins from Athens and Corinth appeared shortly thereafter, known to exist at least since the late 6th century BC. The Classical period saw Greek coinage reach a high level of technical and aesthetic quality. Larger cities now produced a range of fine silver and gold coins, most bearing a portrait of their patron god or goddess or a legendary hero on one side, and a symbol of the city", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 45 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19317800", "chunk_text": "\"Kingdom of Cappadocia\"\npurpose. Both the members of the Ariarathid as well as that of the Ariobarzanid houses would receive a Greek education, and adopted Hellenic titles, such as \"\"basileus\"\", instead of the native \"\"shah\"\". Although the first few Cappadocian kings, that is, of the Ariarathid family, minted Iranian-style coins with Aramaic descriptions, from king Ariarathes III and on, they shifted to using Greek-style coins and inscriptions. During the reign of Ariamnes, the first coins appeared with Greek inscriptions, with the monarch depicted on it in Persian dress. Like the Seleucids, the Cappadocian kings named newly founded cities after themselves (e.g., Ariaramneia, Ariarathei,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 46 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5209407", "chunk_text": "\"Danish krone\"\nis a penny (\"\"penning\"\") struck 825–840, but the earliest systematic minting produced the so-called \"\"korsmønter\"\" or \"\"cross coins\"\" minted by Harald Bluetooth in the late 10th century. Organised minting in Denmark was introduced on a larger scale by Canute the Great in the 1020s. Lund was the principal minting place and one of Denmark's most important cities in the Middle Ages, but coins were also minted in Roskilde, Slagelse, Odense, Aalborg, Århus, Viborg, Ribe, Ørbæk and Hedeby. For almost 1,000 years, Danish kings – with a few exceptions – have issued coins with their name, monogram and/or portrait. Taxes were", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 47 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14545626", "chunk_text": "\"Nabataean coinage\"\nDenarius/Drachmae and a quarter of the unit at a weight of 1 gram on average. Some examples of coins are: Lead coins were issued with the king on one side and a bull or with a God (Nike?) on the other and sometimes the kings image replaced with a god (Zeus?) Usually depicting the king with or without his wife on the obverse and a crossed cornucopia on the reverse. Aretas usually wore a laureate and faced right, a veiled Queen Shuqailat behind him. Nabataean coinage The coinage of Nabataea began under the reign of Aretas II, c. 110 –", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 48 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8813425", "chunk_text": "\"Artemidoros Aniketos\"\nread \"\"rajatirajasa moasa putrasa ca artemidorosa\"\", the \"\"ca\"\" (pronounced \"\"cha\"\") meaning \"\"and\"\", which opens the way to a possible translation being \"\"King of kings Maues, and the son of Artemidoros\"\". This would suggest that the son of Artemidoros would have issued coins in the name of his father, recognizing at the same time the suzerainty of Maues. In that case, Artemidoros would have been a regular Indo-Greek king, whose son simply made a transition with the rule of Maues. Bopearachchi has suggested a date of c. 85-80 BCE, but this was before the appearance of the Maues coin. Senior's dating", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 49 } ]
test_3508	when do new episodes of riverdale season 2 come out?	n/a	[ "February 7, 2018", "April 18, 2018", "October 11, 2017", "TBA", "January 31, 2018" ]	[]	n/a	n/a	n/a	[]	[ { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11297508", "chunk_text": "\"Riverdale (2017 TV series)\"\nConsuelos as Hermione and Hiram Lodge, and Skeet Ulrich as FP Jones. The series debuted on January 26, 2017 to positive reviews. A 22-episode second season premiered on October 11, 2017, and concluded on May 16, 2018. On April 2, 2018, The CW renewed the series for a third season, which premiered on October 10, 2018. The series follows Archie Andrews' life in the small town of Riverdale and explores the darkness hidden behind its seemingly perfect image. Warner Bros. began development on an \"\"Archie\"\" feature film in 2013, after a pitch from writer Roberto Aguirre-Sacasa and director Jason Moore", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 0 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4767311", "chunk_text": "\"Riverdale (2017 TV series)\"\ndriver parked his 18-wheeler there, believing that it was open. Season two was also filmed in Vancouver and the nearby Fraser Valley. The aerial view of Riverdale is actually drawn from stock footage used in the series \"\"Pretty Little Liars\"\", \"\"Gilmore Girls\"\", and the landmark setting are the same utilized in both of the aforementioned series as well as in \"\"Hart of Dixie\"\". Filming for the second season started on June 22, 2017, and concluded on March 27, 2018. Filming for the third season started on July 6, 2018. Several reviewers had noted that the series' episode titles are often", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 1 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11297510", "chunk_text": "\"Riverdale (2017 TV series)\"\ndid not go forward with the project. In 2015, the show's development was moved to The CW, which officially ordered a pilot on January 29, 2016. On March 7, 2017, The CW announced that the series had been renewed for a second season. On April 2, 2018, The CW renewed the series for a third season, which premiered October 10, 2018. Casting Archie was a difficult process, with Aguirre-Sacasa stating \"\"I think we literally saw every redheaded young guy in L.A. It certainly felt that way.\"\" The production team found KJ Apa just three days before they had to present", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 2 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17893718", "chunk_text": "\"Greg Berlanti\"\nfrom Archie Comics, which was picked up to series in May 2016. \"\"Riverdale\"\" premiered on January 26, 2017, and was renewed for a second season on March 7, 2017. Berlanti co-wrote and co-produced the DC Comics film \"\"Green Lantern\"\", starring Ryan Reynolds as the titular character. As the film was not critically nor financially successful, further planned releases were cancelled. In May 2016, Berlanti discussed his involvement in a \"\"Booster Gold\"\" feature film that is currently in development, as producer and possibly as director as well. Zack Stentz is signed to the project as screenwriter. In December 2011, it was", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 3 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4021420", "chunk_text": "\"Dynasty (2017 TV series)\"\nsequence in the 1980s-themed third episode, \"\"Guilt is for Insecure People\"\", but is only used in some episodes. Composer Paul Leonard-Morgan worked with Troy Nõka to get \"\"an '80s-rock vibe\"\" for the song, to match Leonard-Morgan's soundtrack for the series. The new theme was recorded with an orchestra at Capitol Records in Hollywood, featuring Los Angeles Philharmonic lead trumpet player Tom Hooten. The visuals of the opening credits were changed for season two, and expanded to 22 seconds. \"\"Dynasty\"\" premiered on The CW in the United States on Wednesday, October 11, 2017, with the season 2 premiere of \"\"Riverdale\"\" as", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 4 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4767316", "chunk_text": "\"Riverdale (2017 TV series)\"\nto release starting April 2017. In addition to the adaptation, Archie Comics are releasing a series of compilation graphic novels branded under the title \"\"Road to Riverdale\"\". This series features early issues from the \"\"New Riverdale\"\" reboot line, introducing the audience of the TV series to the regular ongoing comic series that inspired it. Archie Comics plans to re-print the volumes of \"\"Road to Riverdale\"\" in subsequent months as digest magazines. The first volume was released in March 2017. The first season of \"\"Riverdale\"\" received a generally positive response from critics. On Rotten Tomatoes, it has a fresh rating of", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 5 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4767321", "chunk_text": "\"Riverdale (2017 TV series)\"\nthat the project had moved to Netflix under a new title. In January 2018, CW president Mark Pedowitz noted that, \"\"at the moment, there is no discussion about crossing over\"\" with \"\"Riverdale\"\". Aguirre-Sacasa added that no crossovers were planned initially so that each series could establish \"\"their own identities and own set of rules\"\". Filming for first season began on March 19, 2018, just as filming of the second season of \"\"Riverdale\"\" concluded, which allowed the same crew members to work on both series. In the first season of \"\"Chilling Adventures of Sabrina\"\", Moses Thiessen reprises his role as Ben", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 6 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20635104", "chunk_text": "\"Dynasty (season 2)\"\nMackay would no longer be a series regular after the first four episodes of season two, but would return later in the season. Season two of \"\"Dynasty\"\" premiered on October 12, 2018. Dynasty (season 2) The second season of \"\"Dynasty\"\", an American television series based on the 1980s prime time soap opera of the same name, premiered in the United States on The CW on October 12, 2018. The season is produced by CBS Television Studios, with Josh Schwartz and Stephanie Savage serving as showrunners. Debuting on October 11, 2017, the series was renewed for a second season on April", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 7 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2419973", "chunk_text": "\"Raven's Home\"\na musical episode of the series would premiere on October 12, 2018. Following a silent renewal, on November 28, 2018, it was announced that Eunetta T. Boone would be taking over as showrunner and executive producer for the third season. The world premiere of \"\"Raven's Home\"\" aired immediately after the premiere of \"\"Descendants 2\"\" on the Disney Channel on July 21, 2017. The first season concluded on October 20, 2017. The second season premiered on June 25, 2018. \"\"Raven's Home\"\" has received positive reviews. Writing for \"\"The Post\"\", Georgia Davis appreciated the pilot for \"\"maintain[ing] the charm and energy\"\" of", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 8 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9194226", "chunk_text": "\"Riverdale (2017 TV series)\"\nWaterTower Music released the songs performed in the musical episode in a on April 19, 2018, with a vinyl edition released at Urban Outfitters stores on July 13. Netflix acquired the exclusive international broadcast rights to \"\"Riverdale\"\", making the series available as an original series to its platform less than a day after its original U.S. broadcast. In July 2016, members of the cast and the executive producers attended San Diego Comic-Con to promote the upcoming series, where they premiered the first episode \"\"Chapter One: The River's Edge\"\". The first trailer for the series was released in early December 2016.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 9 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6647795", "chunk_text": "\"Chapter Thirty-One: A Night to Remember\"\nChapter Thirty-One: A Night to Remember \"\"Chapter Thirty-One: A Night to Remember\"\" is the eighteenth episode of the second season of the American television series \"\"Riverdale\"\" and the thirty-first episode of the series overall. The episode was directed by Jason Stone and written by Arabella Anderson and Tessa Leigh Williams. It centered around \"\"\"\" by Lawrence D. Cohen, which is based on the book of the same name by Stephen King. It originally aired on The CW on April 18, 2018 and according to Nielsen Media Research, was watched by 1.10 million viewers. Kevin asks Jughead to make a behind", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 10 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11215269", "chunk_text": "\"Jessica Jones (season 2)\"\nshield being broken, as well as mention of the Raft prison. The season also mentions the Rand Corporation from \"\"Iron Fist\"\", and makes multiple references to Spider-Man. The second season of \"\"Jessica Jones\"\" was released on March 8, 2018, to coincide with International Women's Day, on the streaming service Netflix worldwide, in Ultra HD 4K and high dynamic range. In December 2017, a teaser trailer for the season was released, along with announcing the season release date. A trailer was released on February 7, 2018. Ahead of the season releasing, Netflix revealed the episode titles and creative teams with pulp", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 11 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1486981", "chunk_text": "\"Luke Cage (season 2)\"\nafter a Pete Rock & CL Smooth song. Reg E. Cathey has a recurring role as Cage's father in one of his last performances, and the season is dedicated to his memory. The season premiered on June 21, 2018, before all 13 episodes were released on Netflix on June 22. It was widely praised as better than the first season, particularly for its narrative and cast—Woodard's performance especially—though there was again some criticism for its pacing. Netflix canceled the series on October 19, 2018. <onlyinclude> </onlyinclude> In January 2015, Netflix CCO Ted Sarandos stated the series was \"\"eligible to go", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 12 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17398980", "chunk_text": "\"Black Lightning (season 2)\"\nBlack Lightning (season 2) The second season of the American television series \"\"Black Lightning\"\", which is based on the DC Comics character Jefferson Pierce / Black Lightning, premiered on The CW on October 9, 2018 and will consist of 16 episodes. The season continues to follow Jefferson, a high school principal who recently re-emerged from retirement as the superhero Black Lightning, as he fights against the rising crime and corruption propagated by the local gang called The 100 in his community of Freeland. The season is produced by Berlanti Productions, Akil Productions, Warner Bros. Television, and DC Entertainment, with Salim", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 13 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19769178", "chunk_text": "\"Andi Mack\"\nChannel. The second season premiered on Disney Channel on October 27, 2017. On February 19, 2018, Disney Channel announced that \"\"Andi Mack\"\" had been renewed for a third season, with the cast informed about the renewal live on \"\"Good Morning America\"\" by the creator that day. The third season premiered on October 8, 2018. On November 13, 2018, it was announced that the series would be featuring a two-episode arc—\"\"Cookie Monster\"\" and \"\"The New Girls\"\"—revolving around gun safety and peer pressure. On December 14, 2018, it was announced that Stoney Westmoreland was fired by Disney Channel and would no longer", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 14 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14972507", "chunk_text": "\"Beyond (2017 TV series)\"\n2015. The series was ordered for production in November 2015 with a ten-episode order. A sneak peek aired on January 1, 2017, with the official premiere on January 2, 2017. On January 10, 2017, Freeform renewed the series for a second season; season 2 premiered on January 18, 2018, with a double episode. The 10-episode second season's finale aired March 22, 2018. The entire first season was released on digital platforms, such as OnDemand, the Freeform App and website, and Hulu, on January 2, 2017. A recap special entitled \"\"Beyond: What Lies Ahead\"\" aired on December 28, 2017, and drew", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 15 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7742629", "chunk_text": "FLCL\nfrom the music production company VERYGOO. The second season, \"\"FLCL Progressive\"\", premiered on June 2, 2018 on Adult Swim's Toonami block; the third and final season, \"\"FLCL Alternative\"\", premiered on September 8, 2018 and concluded on October 13, 2018. In Japan, \"\"Alternative\"\" and \"\"Progressive\"\" had theatrical screenings on September 7, 2018, and September 28, 2018, respectively. The first episode of \"\"FLCL Alternative\"\" unexpectedly premiered early at midnight on April Fool's Day on Toonami, airing entirely in Japanese with English subtitles. The day of the second season's US premiere, Toonami simultaneously announced via its Facebook page that they would be delaying", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 16 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7958883", "chunk_text": "\"Runaways (TV series)\"\n2017. The series was officially ordered by Hulu in May 2017. The first season was released from November 21, 2017, to January 9, 2018. In January 2018, \"\"Runaways\"\" was renewed for a 13-episode second season, which is scheduled to be released in its entirety on December 21, 2018. Six teenagers from different backgrounds unite against a common enemy – their criminal parents, collectively known as the Pride. In the second season, the teenagers are now on the run from their parents, living on their own and figuring out how to stop the Pride, before learning there may be a mole", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 17 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16885826", "chunk_text": "\"Runaways (TV series)\"\nCanada, premiering on November 22, and aired on Syfy in the United Kingdom premiering on April 18, 2018. The premiere episode made its broadcast debut in the United States on Freeform on August 2, 2018, following the airing of the first season finale of \"\"Cloak & Dagger\"\"; the airing is part of Freeform's ongoing marketing partnership with Hulu. The second season, consisting of 13 episodes, is scheduled to be released in its entirety on December 21, 2018. Cast members and Schwartz and Savage appeared at New York Comic Con 2017 to promote the series, where a trailer for the series", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 18 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18091805", "chunk_text": "\"Legends of Tomorrow (season 2)\"\nthe crossover episodes also featured appearances by Melissa Benoist, reprising her role as Kara Danvers / Supergirl from the TV series \"\"Supergirl\"\". The season began airing on October 13, 2016 on The CW in the United States, and concluded on April 4, 2017. The season was made available for streaming on Netflix in late April 2017, soon after the season finale aired. It was later released on Blu-ray on August 15, 2017. Rotten Tomatoes gave the season an 80% approval rating, with an average rating of 6.06/10 based on 15 reviews. The website's consensus reads: \"\"Though the narrative remains too", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 19 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1486996", "chunk_text": "\"Luke Cage (season 2)\"\nThe latter wrote an original song for the series, which he performs in the season finale. The season also includes music from Nina Simone and Mobb Deep. Following the death of Captain Ridenhour, high-ranking detective Brigid O'Reilly is mentioned as having recently moved to New Orleans, in reference to that character's role in the series \"\"Cloak & Dagger\"\". The second season of \"\"Luke Cage\"\" was released on June 22, 2018, on the streaming service Netflix worldwide, in Ultra HD 4K and high dynamic range. An advanced screening of the season was hosted by Spotify, Netflix, and the Kennedy Center on", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 20 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7649202", "chunk_text": "\"Iron Fist (season 2)\"\n\"\"an emotional standpoint\"\" so that they drive the story forward rather than simply being \"\"awesome fight scenes\"\" for the sake of having fights. Robert Lydecker composed the music for the season. The fictional country of Sokovia that was introduced in the MCU film \"\"\"\" (2015) is referenced in the season as part of Walker's past as an operative in the country. The second season of \"\"Iron Fist\"\", consisting of ten episodes, was released on September 7, 2018, on the streaming service Netflix worldwide, in Ultra HD 4K and high dynamic range. Jones, Henwick, Missick, Eve, Loeb, Metzner, and Barber promoted", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 21 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15811058", "chunk_text": "\"Jessica Jones (season 2)\"\nalso returning from the first season, as well as Wil Traval and David Tennant in guest roles. They are joined by J. R. Ramirez, Terry Chen, Leah Gibson, and Janet McTeer. The second season was ordered in January 2016, with filming beginning in April 2017, back-to-back with the miniseries \"\"Marvel's The Defenders\"\". Filming concluded in September 2017. The season was released on March 8, 2018. It received mostly positive reviews from critics, who once again praised Ritter's performance and the series' female focus, but felt the season suffered from pacing issues and a lack of a compelling villain after Tennant's", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 22 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9541913", "chunk_text": "\"Archie Comics\"\nalong with Greg Berlanti, Sarah Schechter, and Jon Goldwater. In December 2017, the project had moved to Netflix under a yet-to-be-announced new title. Two seasons, comprising ten episodes each, have been ordered by the streaming service. Filming for first season will begin on March 19, 2018. It is expected to film back-to-back with the second season. In January 2018, it was announced that Kiernan Shipka has signed on to play the lead role of Sabrina Spellman, and CW president Mark Pedowitz noted that, \"\"at the moment, there is no discussion about crossing over\"\" with \"\"Riverdale\"\". Throughout February and mid-March 2018,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 23 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3482427", "chunk_text": "\"Chilling Adventures of Sabrina (TV series)\"\nRichard Coyle, and Miranda Otto. Originally in development during September 2017 at The CW, the series was intended to be a companion series to \"\"Riverdale\"\"; however, in December 2017, the project was moved to Netflix with a straight-to-series order, consisting of two seasons. Filming takes place in Vancouver, British Columbia, where both seasons are shot back-to-back. The first ten episodes were released on October 26, 2018. The series has received very positive reviews, with critics praising Shipka's performance, as well as the premise, visuals, and directing. A Christmas special episode was released on December 14, 2018, and the second part", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 24 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4021421", "chunk_text": "\"Dynasty (2017 TV series)\"\nits lead-in. Netflix acquired the exclusive international broadcast rights to \"\"Dynasty\"\", making it available as an original series on the platform less than a day after their original U.S. broadcast. The series moved to Fridays starting with the fourteenth episode. Season two began airing on October 12, 2018. Leslie Moonves, the head of CBS Corporation, said in 2017, \"\"We own 100 percent of [\"\"Dynasty\"\"], and we've already licensed it to Netflix in 188 countries ... So this means \"\"Dynasty\"\" is profitable before it even hits the air.\"\" The CW's president Mark Pedowitz said in January 2018, \"\"I'm disappointed in the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 25 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19559659", "chunk_text": "\"Black Clover\"\nseason aired from October 3, 2017 to September 25, 2018. The first season was initially listed as running for 13 episodes, but was later expanded to 51 episodes. On September 3, 2018, Crunchyroll announced that a second season will continue on October 2, 2018. Crunchyroll is simulcasting the series, while Funimation is producing an English dub as it airs. Adult Swim's Toonami block premiered the English dub on December 2, 2017. Sony Pictures UK and Funimation have announced that they would release the series on home video in the United Kingdom and Ireland. Universal Sony classified the series for release", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 26 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5759713", "chunk_text": "\"Hozuki's Coolheadedness\"\nfrom Wit Studio. A second season was announced in March 2017, with the staff from the 2017 OAD returning to reprise their roles. The second season premiered on October 8, 2017. Sentai Filmworks licensed the season for home media and digital release in North America. Sentai's website Hidive simulcasted the season with English subtitles in the United States, Canada, the United Kingdom, Ireland, South Africa, Australia and New Zealand. After the 13th episode aired on December 31, 2017, it was announced that the second season would take a break and return in April 2018. The second cour of the second", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 27 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7359046", "chunk_text": "\"Black Lightning (TV series)\"\ntakes place in Atlanta. Filming for the first season began August 14, 2017. Filming for the second season began June 28, 2018 Kurt Farquhar composes the soundtrack for the series while Godholly provides original music for the series. These tracks include \"\"Black Lightning\"\", \"\"Power\"\", \"\"Green Light\"\", \"\"Welcome to Freeland\"\", \"\"Can't Go\"\" and \"\"Thunder\"\". \"\"Black Lightning\"\" began airing on The CW on January 16, 2018, and ran for 13 episodes. Netflix airs new episodes of Black Lightning weekly outside of the United States. The first season was released on Blu-ray and DVD in Region 1 on June 26, 2018. On review", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 28 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8155557", "chunk_text": "\"Black Lightning (TV series)\"\nLightning\"\". In February 2017, Fox passed on the series, with it being picked up by The CW with a new script for the pilot. The CW officially ordered the series in May 2017. The first season premiered on January 16, 2018, for a 13-episode run. On April 2, 2018, The CW renewed the show for a second season, which premiered on October 9, 2018. High school principal Jefferson Pierce, who retired from his superhero persona Black Lightning nine years ago after seeing the effects it had on his family, is forced to become a vigilante again when the rise of", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 29 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7742598", "chunk_text": "FLCL\nannounced as a co-production between Production I.G, Toho, and Adult Swim. The second season, FLCL Progressive, premiered on June 2, 2018 on Adult Swim's Toonami block, while the third and final season, FLCL Alternative, premiered on September 8, 2018. In Japan, \"\"Alternative\"\" and \"\"Progressive\"\" had theatrical screenings with \"\"Alternative\"\" opening on September 7, 2018 and \"\"Progressive\"\" opening on September 28, 2018. The first episode of \"\"FLCL Alternative\"\" unexpectedly premiered on April Fool's Day 2018 at midnight on Toonami in Japanese with English subtitles. The first season of \"\"FLCL\"\" is a coming-of-age story and revolves around Naota Nandaba, a 12-year-old, working-class", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 30 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4898264", "chunk_text": "\"This Is Us (season 2)\"\nWatson, Chris Sullivan, Ron Cephas Jones, Jon Huertas, Alexandra Breckenridge, Niles Fitch, Logan Shroyer, Hannah Zeile, Mackenzie Hancsicsak, Parker Bates, Eris Baker, Faithe Herman, and Lonnie Chavis. The second season, consisting of 18 episodes, aired from September 26, 2017, to March 13, 2018, on NBC. \"\"This Is Us\"\" served as the lead-out program for Super Bowl LII in February 2018 with the second season's fourteenth episode. <onlyinclude></onlyinclude> On January 18, 2017, NBC renewed the series for a second and third season of 18 episodes each, for a total of 36 additional episodes. Dan Fogelman, Isaac Aptaker, and Elizabeth Berger served", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 31 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7666638", "chunk_text": "\"Haters Back Off\"\nthe series, and three days later she was featured in a \"\"People\"\" video. The eight episodes of Season 2 were released by Netflix on October 20, 2017. On October 23, 2017, Ballinger returned to \"\"Live with Kelly and Ryan\"\" for a Halloween-themed show and appeared on \"\"The Tonight Show\"\" to discuss \"\"Haters Back Off\"\". Two days later, \"\"Variety\"\" published a feature on Season 2. On October 30, she appeared as Miranda on \"\"Total Request Live\"\", and the next day, she appeared again on \"\"Live with Kelly and Ryan\"\". On January 2, 2018, Ballinger returned to \"\"Live with Kelly and Ryan\"\"", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 32 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10848483", "chunk_text": "\"The Punisher (season 2)\"\nthe first season. They are joined by Josh Stewart, Floriana Lima, Giorgia Whigham, Corbin Bernsen, and Annette O'Toole. A second season of \"\"The Punisher\"\" was ordered in December 2017, a month after the first season was released. The new cast members were added in February 2018. Filming began in New York City the next month and wrapped in August. The 13-episode season is expected to be released in January 2019. A second season of \"\"The Punisher\"\" was ordered by Netflix in December 2017, less than a month after the first season was released. Showrunner Steve Lightfoot had an idea of", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 33 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17184920", "chunk_text": "\"Bad Blood (season 2)\"\n10:00 pm. <onlyinclude></onlyinclude> John Doyle of \"\"The Globe and Mail\"\" praised the second season, calling it \"\"not only nifty entertainment, it’s a deftly made, superior crime drama, forensically smart about family and business power.\"\" Bad Blood (season 2) The second season of the Canadian television drama series \"\"Bad Blood\"\" premiered on October 11, 2018 after it was renewed earlier that March by Rogers Media. The second season veers from the book that the first season was based upon, \"\"Business or Blood: Mafia Boss Vito Rizzuto's Last War\"\", and is fully fictionalized. It consists of eight episodes, each running approximately 45", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 34 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7649194", "chunk_text": "\"Iron Fist (season 2)\"\n\"\"Black Panther\"\". Each episode in the season is named after a comics issue that Rand has appeared in. The season was released on September 7, 2018, and consists of ten episodes. The season received mixed reviews from critics, but was considered a major improvement over the previous season. Netflix canceled the series on October 12, 2018. <onlyinclude> </onlyinclude> In January 2015, Netflix CCO Ted Sarandos stated the series was \"\"eligible to go into multiple seasons for sure\"\" and Netflix would look at \"\"how well [they] are addressing both the Marvel fanbase but also the broader fanbase\"\" in terms of determining", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 35 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11297513", "chunk_text": "\"Riverdale (2017 TV series)\"\noffered her a role as a cast member on \"\"The Real Housewives of New York City\"\"; however, Hermione turned down the offer to keep things private for the Lodge family. In May 2018, it was announced that Charles Melton and Vanessa Morgan, who play Reggie Mantle and Toni Topaz, respectively, would both be promoted to series regulars in the third season. At New York Comic Con 2018, it was announced that both Gladys Jones and Jellybean \"\"J.B.\"\" Jones, played by Gina Gershon and Trinity Likins respectively, would appear in the third season On November 7, 2018 it was announced that", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 36 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16782307", "chunk_text": "\"The Gifted (season 2)\"\nRedford, and Emma Dumont. They are joined by Skyler Samuels, promoted from a recurring guest role in the first season, and Grace Byers. A second season was ordered in January 2018, and began filming that June. It depicts the different approaches to the fight for mutant civil rights that are taken by the Mutant Underground and the Hellfire Club, and also introduces the Morlocks and further explores the Purifiers—all groups originating in the comics. The season began airing on September 25, 2018, and will run for 16 episodes. <onlyinclude></onlyinclude> In October 2017, showrunner Matt Nix said that he had planned", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 37 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3004674", "chunk_text": "\"Black Lightning (season 2)\"\nit was reported that Erika Alexander had booked a three-episode recurring role as Jennifer's telepathic therapist, Perenna. On November 13, RJ Cyler was cast in the recurring role of Todd Green. Production for the season began on June 26, 2018 in Atlanta, Georgia. In May 2018, it was announced that \"\"Black Lightning\"\", which served as a mid-season entry in its first season, would debut in the fall for its second. The season premiered on The CW in the United States on October 9, 2018. In November, it was announced that the series would move to airing on Mondays for the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 38 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6859410", "chunk_text": "\"Lethal Weapon (TV series)\"\nco-lead ahead of a third season renewal and will be playing a new character named Wesley Cole. However, in October 2018, Damon Wayans also announced his exit from the series as he will leave following the end of production for the third season in December 2018. In United Kingdom, ITV started airing the series beginning on March 3, 2017. Its viewing figures remained consistent with around 2.5 million tuning in each week. Series 2 started January 12, 2018. In Australia, the Nine Network premiered the series on January 29, 2017. In the Philippines, it premiered on June 10, 2017 on", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 39 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5199456", "chunk_text": "\"Braxton Family Values\"\nfilming of the remainder of the sixth season after Toni, Towanda, Trina, Tamar, and Evelyn did not show up to film in Atlanta due to being underpaid. On July 19, 2018, WE tv announced that the remainder of the sixth season would begin to air on August 16, 2018. The first season was released to DVD on May 1, 2012, featuring all 10 episodes and reunion episode plus exclusive clips. The second season was released to DVD in two volumes both released on June 6, 2013. On March 25, 2014, volume 1 of the third season was released to DVD.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 40 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2506011", "chunk_text": "\"13 Reasons Why\"\nhalted in October in response to the then-ongoing Northern California wildfires happening around the areas where the series was being filmed. Production on the second season wrapped in December 2017. The second season was released on May 18, 2018. On June 6, 2018, Netflix renewed the series for a third season, which is set to be released in 2019. The marketing analytics firm Jumpshot determined the first season was the second-most viewed Netflix season in the first 30 days after it premiered, garnering 48% of the viewers that the second season of \"\"Daredevil\"\" received, which was the most viewed season", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 41 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8336529", "chunk_text": "\"Supernatural (season 13)\"\nSupernatural (season 13) The thirteenth season of \"\"Supernatural\"\", an American dark fantasy television series created by Eric Kripke, premiered on October 12, 2017, on The CW and concluded on May 17, 2018. The season consists of 23 episodes and aired on Thursdays at 8:00 pm (ET). This is the second season with Andrew Dabb and Robert Singer as showrunners. This season featured a backdoor pilot to a possible spin-off series called \"\"Wayward Sisters\"\", starring Kim Rhodes as Sheriff Jody Mills, Briana Buckmaster as Sheriff Donna Hanscum, Kathryn Newton as Claire Novak, Katherine Ramdeen as Alex Jones, Clark Backo as Patience", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 42 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20635101", "chunk_text": "\"Dynasty (season 2)\"\nDynasty (season 2) The second season of \"\"Dynasty\"\", an American television series based on the 1980s prime time soap opera of the same name, premiered in the United States on The CW on October 12, 2018. The season is produced by CBS Television Studios, with Josh Schwartz and Stephanie Savage serving as showrunners. Debuting on October 11, 2017, the series was renewed for a second season on April 2, 2018. Season two stars Elizabeth Gillies as Fallon Carrington, Grant Show as her father Blake Carrington, and James Mackay as his son Steven, with Robert Christopher Riley as former chauffeur Michael", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 43 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11460017", "chunk_text": "\"Tangled: The Series\"\nand Glenn Slater. On May 31, 2018, it was announced that the second season would premiere on June 24, 2018, and that the series had also been renewed for a third season. Additionally, it was also announced that the series would be re-titled as \"\"Rapunzel's Tangled Adventure\"\". Four mini-episodes were released weekly in May 2017: \"\"Check Mate\"\" on May 5, \"\"Prison Bake\"\" on May 12, \"\"Make Me Smile\"\" on May 19, and \"\"Hare Peace\"\" on May 26. A fifth, \"\"Night Bite,\"\" was released on Disney Channel's YouTube channel on June 25, 2018. A sixth, \"\"Hiccup Fever\"\", was released on July", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 44 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10080986", "chunk_text": "\"Burden of Truth (TV series)\"\nManitoba in summer 2017. Location shots were filmed in Selkirk, Manitoba, with several shots in the Riverside Grill. In outdoor shots, traffic on the Selkirk bridge is visible, as is the Landmark Cinemas Garry Selkirk theater. The series was renewed for an eight-episode second season on April 4, 2018. In April 2018, The CW network acquired the series for a planned run in the United States in mid-2018. The series debuted on the network on July 25, 2018. After the conclusion of season 1's run, The CW announced it would broadcast season 2 in summer 2019. Burden of Truth (TV", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 45 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1992872", "chunk_text": "\"Mary Kills People\"\nwas renewed for a six-episode followup season. Production occurred over summer 2017 in Toronto. Lifetime announced their pickup of the second season in the United States on July 28, 2017; it premiered on March 12, 2018. On December 3, 2018, it was announced that Lifetime would not air the final season. The first season has received a score of 66 on Metacritic, indicating generally favourable reviews, based on eight reviews, and a rating of 100% on review aggregate website Rotten Tomatoes based on ten reviews, the site's critical consensus stating: \"\"\"\"Mary Kills People\"\" is more than its unique premise, with", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 46 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "800731", "chunk_text": "\"Money Heist\"\nthe series and distributed the first part through their streaming service worldwide, starting on 25 December 2017. However, instead of retaining the original number of nine episodes and the 70 minute runtime of each episode in the season, it was cut into thirteen different untitled episodes, each being 41–55 minutes in length. Netflix released the second part worldwide on 6 April 2018, with the same edits made to the episodes as in the first part. On 18 April 2018, Netflix renewed the series for a third part, which is expected to be released in 2019. The third part will be", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 47 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17381814", "chunk_text": "\"History of Disney Channel\"\nsecond season, premiered March 24, 2017, after a DCOM, called \"\"\"\", premiered March 10, 2017. \"\"Liv and Maddie\"\" aired its final episode on March 24, 2017 after four seasons. \"\"Andi Mack\"\", premiered April 7, 2017. \"\"\"\", a show based on the characters of the 2012 movie of the same name, premiered June 25, 2017. \"\"Raven's Home\"\", a spin-off of \"\"That's So Raven\"\", premiered July 21, 2017, after the premiere of \"\"Descendants 2\"\". On February 2 2018, \"\"K.C. Undercover\"\" aired its final episode (actually two produced episodes broadcast as a one-hour episode) after three seasons. Disney XD series \"\"DuckTales\"\", \"\"\"\", and", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 48 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16682012", "chunk_text": "\"Bunnicula (TV series)\"\nMarch 23, 2017, \"\"Bunnicula\"\" returned after a year-long hiatus when five new episodes aired unannounced on Boomerang in a graveyard slot. It returned again on November 6, 2017. In 2017, the series was picked up for a second and third season. The series can be streamed exclusively on Boomerang's SVOD subscription service and has also been rerun on the Boomerang TV network since July 30, 2018. On May 23, 2018, Warner Bros. announced that the third season of \"\"Bunnicula\"\" would premiere on the Boomerang streaming service in 2019. In New Orleans, Mina, her father Arthur, and their pets Chester the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 49 } ]
test_3509	who played the colorado kid in rio bravo?	n/a	[ "Ricky Nelson" ]	[]	n/a	n/a	n/a	[]	[ { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4596618", "chunk_text": "\"Rio Bravo (film)\"\na gun Dude used to be. Chance's friend Pat Wheeler (Ward Bond) and his wagon train of supplies stop in town, with a young gunslinger, Colorado Ryan (Ricky Nelson), riding guard. Inside the jail, Stumpy (Walter Brennan), Chance's game-legged deputy, keeps watch over the jail and Joe, who knows that Stumpy holds an old grudge against Joe's wealthy and powerful brother. Joe warns his jailers that Nathan Burdette will not like how his brother is being treated. A mysterious woman nicknamed Feathers (Angie Dickinson) is in the saloon, playing poker. In the meantime, Dude and Chance patrol the town. Hotel", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 0 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14517673", "chunk_text": "\"Robert Donner\"\nRobert Donner Robert Donner (April 27, 1931 – June 8, 2006) was an American television and film actor. Donner was born in New York City raised in New Jersey, Michigan and Texas, and he spent four years in the United States Navy and was stationed in California. After he completed his military service, he settled in the Los Angeles area. Donner's first role was an uncredited part in the 1959 John Wayne Western \"\"Rio Bravo\"\"; he also appeared in the sequels (which formed a loose trilogy), \"\"El Dorado\"\" and \"\"Rio Lobo\"\". He also appeared in \"\"Chisum\"\", \"\"The Undefeated\"\", and \"\"The", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 1 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17698234", "chunk_text": "\"Estelita Rodriguez\"\nEstelita Rodriguez Estelita Rodriguez (July 2, 1928 – March 12, 1966) was a Cuban actress best known for her roles in many Roy Rogers Republic westerns, and her role in Howard Hawks' western classic \"\"Rio Bravo\"\". Rodriguez's career began in 1942 when she won a contract with Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer at the age of 14. She continued to go to MGM school in preparation to make a movie. However, MGM dropped her at the last minute, and Rodriguez traveled back to New York until 1945 when she signed a five-picture deal with Republic. The studio that same year cast her in her", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 2 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1955730", "chunk_text": "\"Cayden Boyd\"\nCayden Boyd Cayden Boyd (born May 24, 1994) is an American actor. He is best known for his child roles as Max in Robert Rodriguez's 2005 film \"\"The Adventures of Sharkboy and Lavagirl\"\" and Ben Reynolds in the 2007 film \"\"Have Dreams, Will Travel\"\". Boyd was born in Bedford, Texas. His older sister, Jenna, is also an actor. Boyd plays violin and cello and played high school football. He recently graduated from Pepperdine University, studying business. Boyd landed his first roles, small television roles and commercials, as young as 6 and 7. He played Tim Robbins's son in \"\"Mystic River\"\".", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 3 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18554848", "chunk_text": "\"Rio Bravo (film)\"\nOld Tucson Studios outside Tucson, Arizona, in Technicolor. In 2014, \"\"Rio Bravo\"\" was deemed \"\"culturally, historically, or aesthetically significant\"\" by the Library of Congress and selected for preservation in the National Film Registry. In the town of Rio Bravo, Texas, sheriff's deputy Dude (Dean Martin), who has acquired the contemptuous nickname \"\"Borrachón\"\" (, Spanish for \"\"big drunk\"\"), enters a saloon but cannot afford a drink. Joe Burdette (Claude Akins), brother of rancher Nathan Burdette, tosses a silver dollar into a spittoon. Presidio County, Texas, Sheriff John T. Chance (John Wayne) appears and kicks the spittoon away, looking at Dude with", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 4 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18554847", "chunk_text": "\"Rio Bravo (film)\"\nRio Bravo (film) Rio Bravo is a 1959 American Western film produced and directed by Howard Hawks and starring John Wayne, Dean Martin, Ricky Nelson, Angie Dickinson, Walter Brennan, and Ward Bond. Written by Jules Furthman and Leigh Brackett, based on the short story \"\"Rio Bravo\"\" by B. H. McCampbell, the film is about the sheriff of the town of Rio Bravo, Texas, who arrests the brother of a powerful local rancher to help his drunken deputy/friend. With the help of a cripple and a young gunfighter, they hold off the rancher's gang. \"\"Rio Bravo\"\" was filmed on location at", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 5 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16763806", "chunk_text": "\"The Cherokee Kid\"\nThe Cherokee Kid The Cherokee Kid is a 1996 Western television film, directed by Paris Barclay for HBO. The film's stars were Sinbad, James Coburn, Burt Reynolds, Gregory Hines, A Martinez, Ernie Hudson, Dawnn Lewis and Vanessa Bell Calloway. When greedy land-grabber, Bloomington (Coburn), destroys his family, Isaiah (Sinbad), knows nothing about the world, but vows to someday get revenge. He learns about good and evil by being forced to rob a bank and then capturing the gang. He learns how to live off the land from Otter Bob (Reynolds), the \"\"Best Mountain Man in Texas\"\". He learns about friendship", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 6 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4796259", "chunk_text": "\"Emilio Estevez\"\nEmilio Estevez Emilio Estevez (; born May 12, 1962) is an American actor, director, and writer. He is the brother of actor Charlie Sheen. Estevez started his career as an actor and is well known for being a member of the acting Brat Pack of the 1980s, starring in \"\"The Breakfast Club\"\", \"\"St. Elmo's Fire\"\", and acting in the 1983 hit movie \"\"The Outsiders\"\". He is also known for \"\"Repo Man\"\", \"\"The Mighty Ducks\"\" and its sequels, \"\"Stakeout\"\" and \"\"Another Stakeout\"\", \"\"Maximum Overdrive\"\", \"\"Bobby\"\" (which he also wrote and directed), and his performances in Western films such as \"\"Young Guns\"\"", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 7 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7073770", "chunk_text": "\"The Carson City Kid\"\nimmunity promised him. Roy, masked as the Carson City Kid and speaking Spanish as the Kid did on the stage holdups, intervenes and at gunpoint, asks Jessup to identify what Scott has stolen from him. Besides the gold, Jessup unwittingly identifies as his own the latters and documents, which establish him as Morgan Reynolds. Reynolds meets justice and Roy is exonerated. ne fine little B-western with an excellent performance by George \"\"Gabby\"\" Hayes (as Sheriff Gabby Whittaker), before he had the character down as a sleep-walking exercise and was still revolving, and by, as mentioned, Pauline Moore, as a no-excuses", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 8 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4596619", "chunk_text": "\"Rio Bravo (film)\"\nowner Carlos (Pedro Gonzalez-Gonzalez) stops the sheriff, saying Wheeler has been talking too much about Chance needing help. In the saloon, Chance implores Wheeler to stop, as it will draw attention from the wrong people. Wheeler suggests that Colorado could be of assistance, but Colorado politely declines, saying he wants to \"\"mind my own business\"\". Colorado also promises not to start any trouble without telling the sheriff first. Feathers leaves the poker game a winner. Chance follows her up to her room and confronts her as a card cheat, with his evidence three missing aces from the deck of cards", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 9 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17698237", "chunk_text": "\"Estelita Rodriguez\"\nremained married until her death. On March 12, 1966, Estelita Pego was found dead on the kitchen floor of her North Hollywood/Van Nuys, California, home, at age 37. The cause of death was complications of influenza. She is interred at San Fernando Mission Cemetery, Mission Hills, California. Estelita Rodriguez Estelita Rodriguez (July 2, 1928 – March 12, 1966) was a Cuban actress best known for her roles in many Roy Rogers Republic westerns, and her role in Howard Hawks' western classic \"\"Rio Bravo\"\". Rodriguez's career began in 1942 when she won a contract with Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer at the age of 14.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 10 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13080852", "chunk_text": "\"Cayden Boyd\"\nboyfriend. Cayden Boyd Cayden Boyd (born May 24, 1994) is an American actor. He is best known for his child roles as Max in Robert Rodriguez's 2005 film \"\"The Adventures of Sharkboy and Lavagirl\"\" and Ben Reynolds in the 2007 film \"\"Have Dreams, Will Travel\"\". Boyd was born in Bedford, Texas. His older sister, Jenna, is also an actor. Boyd plays violin and cello and played high school football. He recently graduated from Pepperdine University, studying business. Boyd landed his first roles, small television roles and commercials, as young as 6 and 7. He played Tim Robbins's son in \"\"Mystic", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 11 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "601539", "chunk_text": "\"Esai Morales\"\nEsai Morales Esai Manuel Morales, Jr. (born October 1, 1962) is an American actor. He played Bob Morales in the 1987 biopic \"\"La Bamba\"\". He also appeared in the PBS drama \"\"American Family\"\" and in the Showtime series \"\"Resurrection Blvd.\"\" He is best known for his roles as Lt. Tony Rodriguez on \"\"NYPD Blue,\"\" Joseph Adama in the science fiction television series \"\"Caprica,\"\" and Camino del Rio in the Netflix series \"\"Ozark\"\". Of Puerto Rican descent, Morales was born in Brooklyn, New York, to Esai Morales, Sr., a welder, and Iris Margarita (née Declet), a union activist involved with the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 12 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14275694", "chunk_text": "\"Ryan Bollman\"\nRyan Bollman Ryan Matthew Bollman (born August 9, 1972 in St. Louis, Missouri) is an American television and film actor. He played Micah in \"\"\"\" and has also starred in the films \"\"The Granny\"\" as Junior, \"\"True Blue\"\", \"\"Lured Innocence\"\", \"\"No Vacancy\"\", \"\"The Neverending Story 3\"\" as Dog, one of the Nasties, \"\"Only the Strong\"\" as Donovan, \"\"Kidsongs\"\" video (VHS) episode \"\"What I Want to Be! (What I Want to Be) (1986)\"\" as himself who replaced Ryan Kirk and was replaced by Jamie Weins in the next video (1987), \"\"Kids Incorporated\"\" episode \"\"You've Got the Wrong Date (1987)\"\" as Jason,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 13 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4904794", "chunk_text": "\"Robert L. Crawford Jr.\"\n\"\"Slap Shot\"\" (1977), \"\"The World According to Garp\"\" (1982), and \"\"The Parasite\"\" (1997). In 1959, Crawford's appearance on the CBS anthology series \"\"Playhouse 90\"\" was nominated for \"\"Best Single Performance\"\" on the \"\"11th Primetime Emmy Awards\"\". That year's Emmy Awards also nominated Crawford's younger brother, Johnny Crawford, for his recurring portrayal of Mark McCain, son of Lucas McCain, on \"\"The Rifleman\"\". Robert L. Crawford Jr. Robert Lawrence Crawford Jr. (born May 13, 1944, is an American actor who portrayed the character Andy Sherman on the NBC television series \"\"Laramie\"\" in 1959, 1960, and 1962. He was cast as the younger", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 14 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7693376", "chunk_text": "\"Nick Ramus\"\nNick Ramus Nickolas George Ramus (September 9, 1929 – May 30, 2007) was a Native American actor, best known for his appearances on television. He was a Blackfoot. He appeared as Grey Cloud in \"\"Born to the Wind\"\" and as Chief Lost Eagle of the Arapaho in the miniseries \"\"Centennial\"\" and as Red Cloud in \"\"Son of the Morning Star\"\". He also appeared in the 1993 TNT film \"\"Geronimo\"\" about the historical Apache warrior of the same name. He played Gus Nunouz in the soap opera \"\"Falcon Crest\"\" and had a recurring role as Chief Black Kettle in \"\"Dr. Quinn,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 15 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20977515", "chunk_text": "\"Rio Bravo (film)\"\nby the Nelson Riddle Orchestra, sings a specially composed song, \"\"Rio Bravo\"\", written by Tiomkin with lyrics by Paul Francis Webster. Nelson later paid homage to both the film and his character, Colorado, by including the song \"\"Restless Kid\"\" on his 1959 LP, \"\"Ricky Sings Again\"\". Members of the Western Writers of America chose \"\"My Rifle, My Pony, and Me\"\" as one of the Top 100 Western songs of all time. A brief clip from \"\"Rio Bravo\"\" was among the archive footage later incorporated into the opening sequence of Wayne's last film, \"\"The Shootist,\"\" to illustrate the backstory of Wayne's", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 16 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11884629", "chunk_text": "\"The California Kid\"\nThe California Kid The California Kid is a 1974 TV movie starring Martin Sheen, Vic Morrow, Nick Nolte, Michelle Phillips, Gary Morgan, and Janit Baldwin. The story takes place in 1958, and involves a town, Clarksberg, with a famous speed trap. Disturbed Sheriff Roy Childress (Vic Morrow), whose wife and daughter were killed by a speeder, turns bad, with a habit of punishing speeders by deliberately pushing their cars off the mountain highway curves with his 1957 Plymouth Belvedere. Two Navy sailors on leave (one portrayed by Sheen's younger brother, Joe Estevez), speeding to get back to base on time", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 17 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18319959", "chunk_text": "\"Dakota Goyo\"\nDakota Goyo Dakota Avery Goyo (born 1999) is a Canadian actor. He is best known for playing Max Kenton in the film \"\"Real Steel\"\" (2011) and Jesse Barrett in the film \"\"Dark Skies\"\" (2013). He also voices Jamie in the DreamWorks Animation film \"\"Rise of the Guardians\"\" (2012). Goyo was born to Debra, a former model and singer who manages his career, and David Goyo. He has two older brothers, Devon and Dallas. Goyo appeared in his first commercial as an infant, after which he landed various roles in television and animation series. His featured television work includes Disney's \"\"JoJo's", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 18 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14874334", "chunk_text": "\"Jason Ritter\"\nJason Ritter Jason Ritter (born February 17, 1980) is an American actor. He is known for his roles as Kevin Girardi in the television series \"\"Joan of Arcadia\"\", Ethan Haas in \"\"The Class\"\", Sean Walker in the NBC series \"\"The Event\"\", and as the voice of Dipper Pines in \"\"Gravity Falls\"\". He also played the recurring role of Mark Cyr in the NBC television series \"\"Parenthood\"\", for which he received an Emmy Award nomination. In 2017, he starred in the TV comedy series \"\"Kevin (Probably) Saves the World\"\". Ritter was born on February 17, 1980 in Los Angeles, California, to", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 19 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12497901", "chunk_text": "\"Alexa Vega\"\nhonor at Nikki Reed's wedding to Paul McDonald. PenaVega revealed on \"\"Dancing with the Stars\"\" that she was bulimic and has since recovered. Alexa Vega Alexa PenaVega ( Vega; August 27, 1988) is an American actress and singer. She is known for her role as Carmen Cortez in the \"\"Spy Kids\"\" film series and Shilo Wallace in the film \"\"Repo! The Genetic Opera\"\" (2008). In 2009, she starred as the title character Ruby Gallagher in the ABC Family series \"\"Ruby & The Rockits\"\". Vega was born in Miami, Florida. She spent the first four years of her life on a", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 20 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4776278", "chunk_text": "\"Renegades of the Rio Grande\"\nRenegades of the Rio Grande Renegades of the Rio Grande is a 1945 American film about a crooked financier and a corrupt sheriff that conspire to steal land from ranchers in Oklahoma Territory for the purposes of a railroad right-of-way. A young lawyer, Clint Farrell, comes to the rescue with the aid of some fighting-mad ranchers. Lewis D. Collins directed the film and Ande Lamb wrote the screenplay. The film stars Rod Cameron as Buck Emerson, Eddie Dew as Ranger Cal Benedict, Fuzzy Knight as Ranger Trigger Bidwell, Jennifer Holt as Dolores Salezar, Ray Whitley as Tex Henry, The Bar-6", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 21 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "956850", "chunk_text": "\"Tyler Ritter\"\nwas cast in the role of Adam on the fourth season of Freeform's comedy \"\"Young and Hungry\"\", and was cast in the role of Detective Billy Malone on the fifth season of the CW series \"\"Arrow\"\". Ritter married Argentinian film director Leila Parma in 2007. On June 9, 2017, they welcomed their first child, son Benjamin Parma Ritter. Tyler Ritter Tyler Ritter (born January 31, 1985) is an American actor best known as the star of \"\"The McCarthys\"\". Ritter is the son of the actor John Ritter and brother of actor Jason Ritter. His grandfather was country singer Tex Ritter.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 22 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12497892", "chunk_text": "\"Alexa Vega\"\nAlexa Vega Alexa PenaVega ( Vega; August 27, 1988) is an American actress and singer. She is known for her role as Carmen Cortez in the \"\"Spy Kids\"\" film series and Shilo Wallace in the film \"\"Repo! The Genetic Opera\"\" (2008). In 2009, she starred as the title character Ruby Gallagher in the ABC Family series \"\"Ruby & The Rockits\"\". Vega was born in Miami, Florida. She spent the first four years of her life on a ranch in Ocala, Florida. Her father is Colombian and her mother, Gina Rue, is an American former model. Vega has six siblings, including", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 23 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "251009", "chunk_text": "\"Cástulo Guerra\"\n\"\"The West Wing\"\", \"\"Prison Break\"\" and \"\"Numbers\"\". He is also Samir Duran in \"\"StarCraft\"\" and Raphael Castillo in \"\"Santa Barbara. Cástulo Guerra Cástulo Guerra (born August 24, 1945) is an Argentine actor who has appeared in several American films and television shows. Guerra was born in Salta, Argentina, the son of Maria (née Sola) and Castulo Guerra, who was a politician and writer. Film roles include: \"\"\"\", \"\"Cold Heaven\"\", \"\"The Usual Suspects\"\", \"\"Meet Me in Miami\"\", \"\"Where the River Runs Black\"\", \"\"The Mexican\"\", \"\"The Celestine Prophecy\"\", and \"\"Beverly Hills Chihuahua 2\"\". His TV credits include: \"\"Riptide\"\", \"\"The Fall Guy\"\", \"\"Falcon", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 24 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9231412", "chunk_text": "\"Kirk Acevedo\"\nKirk Acevedo Kirk M. Acevedo (born November 27, 1971) is an American actor. He is primarily known for his work on television for the portrayals of Miguel Alvarez in the HBO series \"\"Oz\"\", Joe Toye in \"\"Band of Brothers\"\", FBI Agent Charlie Francis in the science-fiction series \"\"Fringe\"\", and Jose Ramse in \"\"12 Monkeys\"\". His best-known films are \"\"The Thin Red Line\"\", \"\"Dinner Rush\"\" and \"\"Dawn of the Planet of the Apes\"\". He currently portrays Ricardo Diaz on \"\"Arrow\"\" as the main antagonist in seasons six and seven, starting in 2017. Acevedo is of Puerto Rican origin. His parents were", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 25 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3156701", "chunk_text": "\"Jose Pablo Cantillo\"\nJose Pablo Cantillo Jose Pablo Cantillo (born March 30, 1979), is an American actor. He is best known for playing Ricky Verona in \"\"Crank\"\", Hector Salazar in FX's \"\"Sons of Anarchy\"\", and Caesar Martinez in AMC's \"\"The Walking Dead\"\". The son of Costa Rican parents, Roberto Cantillo and Rita Bolaños, Jose Pablo Cantillo (known as \"\"Joey\"\" in his high school days ) was born in Marshfield, Wisconsin. He grew up in Terre Haute, Indiana and attended Terre Haute South Vigo High School, where he was a tennis standout for all four years, leading the Terre Haute South Braves to a", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 26 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11893122", "chunk_text": "\"Rio (2011 film)\"\nmain cast, including Anne Hathaway, Jesse Eisenberg, Jemaine Clement, Jamie Foxx, will.i.am, Tracy Morgan, George Lopez, Jake T. Austin, Leslie Mann, and Rodrigo Santoro, reprised their roles. New cast includes Andy García, Bruno Mars, Kristin Chenoweth, Rita Moreno, Amandla Stenberg, Rachel Crow, Pierce Gagnon, and Natalie Morales. The sequel follows Blu, Jewel and their three kids on a venture into the Amazon where they try to live like real birds. Eventually, they find Jewel's long-lost father Eduardo, who is in hiding with a tribe of other Spix's macaw. At first everything seems perfect, but Blu is having trouble adapting to", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 27 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7189632", "chunk_text": "\"J. R. Ramirez\"\nhaving a recurring appearance as Ted Grant / Wildcat on the third season of \"\"Arrow\"\", before joining the second season of \"\"Jessica Jones\"\" as Oscar Arocho. In February 2018, Ramirez was cast as Detective Jared Vasquez in the NBC series \"\"Manifest\"\". J. R. Ramirez J. R. Ramirez is a Cuban-American actor. He is best known for his role as Julio on Starz series \"\"Power\"\" and Oscar Arocho on Netflix series \"\"Jessica Jones\"\". He also played Ted Grant / Wildcat in a recurring role in the third season of \"\"Arrow\"\". Ramirez was born in Matanzas, Cuba. When he was a baby,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 28 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8585609", "chunk_text": "\"Jason Ritter\"\non HBO on May 26, 2018. In 2017, Ritter became engaged to actress Melanie Lynskey after four years of dating. Jason Ritter Jason Ritter (born February 17, 1980) is an American actor. He is known for his roles as Kevin Girardi in the television series \"\"Joan of Arcadia\"\", Ethan Haas in \"\"The Class\"\", Sean Walker in the NBC series \"\"The Event\"\", and as the voice of Dipper Pines in \"\"Gravity Falls\"\". He also played the recurring role of Mark Cyr in the NBC television series \"\"Parenthood\"\", for which he received an Emmy Award nomination. In 2017, he starred in the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 29 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15605515", "chunk_text": "\"A Martinez\"\nhis passion for acting at UCLA. Martinez began his professional career at age 12, as a singer, and earned a talent competition title at the Hollywood Bowl. He played on a semi-pro baseball team for five seasons. Martinez has starred in feature films including \"\"The Cowboys\"\" (1972), \"\"Starbird & Sweet William\"\" (1973), \"\"Once Upon a Scoundrel\"\" (1974), \"\"Joe Panther\"\" (1976), \"\"Shoot the Sun Down\"\" (1978), \"\"The Honorary Consul\"\" (1983), \"\"Walking the Edge\"\" (1985), \"\"Powwow Highway\"\" (1989), \"\"She-Devil\"\" (1989), \"\"What's Cooking?\"\" (2000), \"\"Wind River\"\" (2000), and \"\"Curse of Chucky\"\" (2013). The majority of his acting roles have been on television. He", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 30 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5025863", "chunk_text": "\"Ramón Rodríguez (actor)\"\nRamón Rodríguez (actor) Ramón Rodríguez (born December 20, 1979) is a Puerto Rican actor known for his roles on the television series \"\"The Wire\"\" (2006–08) and \"\"Day Break\"\" (2006–07), and in the films \"\"\"\" (2009) and \"\"The Taking of Pelham 123\"\" (2009). He portrayed John Bosley on the short-lived ABC television reboot of \"\"Charlie's Angels\"\" (2011). In 2014, Rodríguez starred as Ryan Lopez on the Fox crime drama television series \"\"Gang Related\"\". In 2018, he played the role of Benjamin Cruz on the Showtime television series \"\"The Affair\"\". Rodríguez was born in Puerto Rico and grew up on the Lower", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 31 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19109145", "chunk_text": "\"Kiowa Gordon\"\nKiowa Gordon Kiowa Joseph Gordon (born March 25, 1990) is an American actor. He is best known for his role as Junior in the TV series \"\"The Red Road\"\", And shapeshifter Embry Call in \"\"The Twilight series\"\". Gordon was born in Berlin, Germany, where his father, Thomas Gordon, was working. He is the seventh of eight children (Mac, Sean, Aaron, Josh, Cheyenne, Sariah, Lakota). His mother, Camille Nighthorse Gordon, is also an actress. Gordon is partly of Hualapai Native American descent, and is a member of the Hualapai tribe of Northern Arizona. His family moved back to the U.S. when", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 32 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7291463", "chunk_text": "\"David Barrera\"\nDavid Barrera David Joel Barrera (born December 28, 1968) is an American actor. He is best known for his latest role as Gunnery Sgt. Ray 'Casey Kasem' Griego in \"\"Generation Kill\"\". He has appeared in television series including \"\"Grimm\"\", \"\"Heroes\"\", \"\"\"\", \"\"Boston Legal\"\", \"\"Medium\"\", \"\"Nip/Tuck\"\", \"\"NYPD Blue\"\", \"\"Murder One\"\", \"\"Without a Trace\"\", \"\"The West Wing\"\", \"\"Big Bang Theory\"\" and \"\"24\"\" for which he got nominated for an ALMA Award. Barrera is a graduate of Pharr-San Juan-Alamo High School in his hometown, San Juan, Texas, where he was part of the Theater Club. This high school is part of the Pharr-San", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 33 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14883325", "chunk_text": "\"The California Kid\"\nthe sandy shoulder. The California Kid The California Kid is a 1974 TV movie starring Martin Sheen, Vic Morrow, Nick Nolte, Michelle Phillips, Gary Morgan, and Janit Baldwin. The story takes place in 1958, and involves a town, Clarksberg, with a famous speed trap. Disturbed Sheriff Roy Childress (Vic Morrow), whose wife and daughter were killed by a speeder, turns bad, with a habit of punishing speeders by deliberately pushing their cars off the mountain highway curves with his 1957 Plymouth Belvedere. Two Navy sailors on leave (one portrayed by Sheen's younger brother, Joe Estevez), speeding to get back to", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 34 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18651520", "chunk_text": "\"Pierce Gagnon\"\nPierce Gagnon Pierce Gagnon (born July 25, 2005) is an American child actor. He is known for his roles in the film \"\"Looper\"\" and in the CBS series \"\"Extant\"\". Gagnon was born in Atlanta. He has three younger siblings, including his brother Steele. He currently resides in Los Angeles. Gagnon played Logan Evans, the son of Clay Evans (Robert Buckley), in season 9 of the CW drama series \"\"One Tree Hill\"\". In January 2011, he was cast in the action thriller film \"\"Looper\"\" as Cid Harrington, a child with unusual telekinetic abilities, who becomes a warlord called the \"\"Rainmaker\"\". Rian", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 35 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18324134", "chunk_text": "\"Renoly Santiago\"\nRenoly Santiago Renoly Santiago (born March 15, 1974) is a Puerto Rican actor, singer and writer known for his appearances in films such as \"\"Dangerous Minds\"\", \"\"Hackers\"\" and \"\"Con Air\"\", and in television series such as \"\"Touched by an Angel\"\" and \"\"\"\". Renoly Santiago was born in Lajas, Puerto Rico. He was raised in Union City, New Jersey. Santiago first became known in the United States when he was cast in the 1993 television series \"\"CityKids\"\" as Tito. He co-wrote the Emmy nominated pilot episode of the show. From his participation in \"\"CityKids\"\", Santiago graduated to film, acting as Raúl", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 36 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8593097", "chunk_text": "\"Young Guns (film)\"\nYoung Guns (film) Young Guns is a 1988 American western film directed by Christopher Cain and written by John Fusco. The film is the first to be produced by Morgan Creek Productions. The film stars Emilio Estevez, Kiefer Sutherland, Lou Diamond Phillips, Charlie Sheen, Dermot Mulroney, Casey Siemaszko, Terence Stamp, Terry O'Quinn, Brian Keith, and Jack Palance. \"\"Young Guns\"\" is a retelling of the adventures of Billy the Kid during the Lincoln County War, which took place in New Mexico during 1877–78. It was filmed in and around New Mexico. Historian Dr. Paul Hutton called \"\"Young Guns\"\" the most historically", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 37 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1044065", "chunk_text": "\"Crystal Celeste Grant\"\ngroup composed of rappers Canibus and Phoenix Orion) album \"\"Def Con Zero\"\", on the song \"\"Gold Trigga\"\". She is the younger sister of fellow actor, Salim Grant. Grant's last professional acting credit was in the film \"\"Kids in America\"\". Crystal Celeste Grant Crystal Celeste Grant (born September 20, 1980 in Houston, Texas) is a former American actress. She is best known for roles in the films \"\"Teenage Caveman\"\" (2002) and \"\"Kids in America\"\" (2005). In television, she guest starred on \"\"Sister, Sister\"\", \"\"Smart Guy\"\", \"\"Get Real\"\", \"\"City Guys\"\", \"\"Pacific Blue\"\" (appeared in two episodes) and \"\"Yes, Dear\"\". In 1996, she", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 38 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9902600", "chunk_text": "\"Jordan Brower\"\nJordan Brower Jordan Brower (born October 14, 1981) is an American movie actor. Jordan was born in Lompoc, California but moved to Texas at an early age. It is there where he got his first break into acting when a film crew from \"\"The Big Green\"\" notified his soccer coach of auditions. After his soccer coach persuaded him to audition, he got a leading role. Jordan had a supporting role in ABC's TGIF comedy \"\"Teen Angel\"\" and also worked on \"\"Social Studies\"\", a short lived comedy television show detailing the lives of boarding school kids. Since then he has been", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 39 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20977517", "chunk_text": "\"Rio Bravo (film)\"\nto film historian Emanuel Levy, Wayne and Hawks teamed up deliberately to rebut \"\"High Noon\"\" by telling a somewhat similar story their own way: portraying a hero who does not show fear or inner conflict and who never repudiates his commitment to public duty, while only allying himself with capable people, despite offers of help from many other characters. In \"\"Rio Bravo\"\", Chance is surrounded by allies—a deputy who is brave and good with a gun, despite recovering from alcoholism (Dude), a young untried but self-assured gunfighter (Colorado), a limping \"\"crippled\"\" old man who is doggedly loyal (Stumpy), a Mexican", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 40 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "251008", "chunk_text": "\"Cástulo Guerra\"\nCástulo Guerra Cástulo Guerra (born August 24, 1945) is an Argentine actor who has appeared in several American films and television shows. Guerra was born in Salta, Argentina, the son of Maria (née Sola) and Castulo Guerra, who was a politician and writer. Film roles include: \"\"\"\", \"\"Cold Heaven\"\", \"\"The Usual Suspects\"\", \"\"Meet Me in Miami\"\", \"\"Where the River Runs Black\"\", \"\"The Mexican\"\", \"\"The Celestine Prophecy\"\", and \"\"Beverly Hills Chihuahua 2\"\". His TV credits include: \"\"Riptide\"\", \"\"The Fall Guy\"\", \"\"Falcon Crest\"\", \"\"The A-Team\"\", \"\"Remington Steele\"\", \"\"L.A. Law\"\", \"\"\"\", \"\"21 Jump Street\"\", \"\"\"\", \"\"Brimstone\"\", \"\"Nash Bridges\"\", \"\"The Agency\"\", \"\"ER\"\", \"\"Alias\"\", \"\"\"\",", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 41 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2599937", "chunk_text": "\"Boyd Holbrook\"\nto May 17, 2008. Holbrook portrayed DEA agent Steve Murphy in the Netflix series \"\"Narcos\"\". In 2017, Holbrook played Donald Pierce, the antagonist in \"\"Logan\"\", the sequel to \"\"The Wolverine\"\". Boyd Holbrook Robert Boyd Holbrook (born September 1, 1981) is an American actor and model. He has appeared in films such as \"\"Milk\"\", \"\"Out of the Furnace\"\", \"\"Run All Night\"\", \"\"A Walk Among the Tombstones\"\" and \"\"Gone Girl\"\", and starred as DEA Agent Steve Murphy in Netflix series \"\"Narcos\"\". In 2012, he starred in the series \"\"Hatfields & McCoys\"\" as \"\"Cap\"\" Hatfield, and in 2017 he portrayed villain Donald Pierce", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 42 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14469339", "chunk_text": "\"John Chisum\"\nMexico. Chisum's story has been portrayed on film by John Wayne in \"\"Chisum\"\" (1970) and James Coburn in \"\"Young Guns II\"\" (1990). As a supporting character, Chisum has been portrayed in several television shows and movies, including 1953's \"\"San Antone\"\" (played by Roy Roberts); the 1960 episode of \"\"Bronco\"\" titled \"\"Death of an Outlaw\"\" (played by Harry Swoger); 1973's \"\"Pat Garrett & Billy the Kid\"\" (played by Barry Sullivan); and the 2011 UK film, \"\"Birth of a Legend: Billy the Kid & The Lincoln County War\"\" (played by David Morley). Michael Constantine was cast as the historical John Chisum in", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 43 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17655918", "chunk_text": "\"Brad Hawkins\"\nBrad Hawkins Brad Hawkins (born January 13, 1976) is an American actor, country singer, and martial artist, best known for playing Ryan Steele in Saban's action adventure science fantasy series \"\"VR Troopers\"\" (1994–1996, and with 92 total episode appearances) and for his role in the 2014 film \"\"Boyhood\"\". He also provided the (uncredited) voice of Trey of Triforia, the Gold Ranger in \"\"Power Rangers Zeo\"\". In 1999, he starred as Tyler Hart in the CBS miniseries \"\"\"\", filmed in Charlotte and Mooresville, NC. Before becoming an actor, he attended and graduated from Plano Senior High School in Plano, Texas. He", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 44 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6251800", "chunk_text": "\"Tyler Ross\"\nTyler Ross Tyler Ross (born March 13, 1989) is an American actor best known for playing Kyle Stansbury in season four of the television series \"\"The Killing\"\" and for starring in the Stephen Cone films \"\"The Wise Kids\"\" (2011), \"\"Henry Gamble's Birthday Party\"\" (2015), and \"\"Princess Cyd\"\" (2017). Ross has also appeared in the series \"\"Boss\"\", \"\"NCIS\"\", \"\"Major Crimes\"\", \"\"Crash & Bernstein\"\", and \"\"Battle Creek\"\", and the films \"\"Officer Downe\"\" (2016) and \"\"American Milkshake\"\" (2013). Ross also played the lead role in the Nathan Adloff film \"\"Nate & Margaret\"\" opposite lead co-star Natalie West. The film was released in 2012", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 45 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3809885", "chunk_text": "\"J. R. Ramirez\"\nJ. R. Ramirez J. R. Ramirez is a Cuban-American actor. He is best known for his role as Julio on Starz series \"\"Power\"\" and Oscar Arocho on Netflix series \"\"Jessica Jones\"\". He also played Ted Grant / Wildcat in a recurring role in the third season of \"\"Arrow\"\". Ramirez was born in Matanzas, Cuba. When he was a baby, his family moved to the United States and he was raised in Tampa, Florida. Ramirez played a recurring character on the first season of \"\"Power\"\" before being promoted to a regular cast member in the second season. He followed up by", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 46 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5783579", "chunk_text": "\"Bobby Diamond\"\nBobby Diamond Robert Leroy Diamond, known as Bobby Diamond (born August 23, 1943), is an American attorney in his native Los Angeles, California, who was a child star and young-adult actor in the 1950s through the early 1970s. He is best remembered after more than a half-century for his role as Joey Clark Newton in the television series \"\"Fury\"\", a western which ran on NBC from October 15, 1955 through March 19, 1960. He was listed as Robert Diamond in the cast credits during the first season in 1955. Diamond was spotted in Los Angeles in 1955 by a talent", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 47 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18521065", "chunk_text": "\"The Kid (2019 film)\"\nThe Kid (2019 film) The Kid is an upcoming 2019 indie biographical western drama film directed by Vincent D'Onofrio, from a screenplay by Andrew Lanham, and is executive produced by Carl Stubner, through Suretone Pictures. The film stars Chris Pratt, Ethan Hawke, Dane DeHaan, Vincent D'Onofrio, Adam Baldwin, Jake Schur, and Keith Jardine. The story of a young boy (Jake Schur) who witnesses Billy the Kid (Dane DeHaan) encounter with Sheriff Pat Garrett (Ethan Hawke). In April 2017, Vincent D'Onofrio was announced to be directing and starring in the film as Sheriff Romero. Later that same month, Chris Pratt signed", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 48 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "852967", "chunk_text": "\"Brock Pierce\"\nBrock Pierce Brock Pierce (born November 14, 1980) is an American entrepreneur known for his work in the cryptocurrency industry. As a child actor, he was in Disney films \"\"The Mighty Ducks\"\" (1992), \"\"\"\" (1994) and \"\"First Kid\"\" (1996). Pierce was born in Minnesota, and appeared in commercials as a toddler. His first major role was playing a young Gordon Bombay in \"\"The Mighty Ducks\"\" (1992). Pierce reprised the role in \"\"\"\". He starred as Luke Davenport in \"\"First Kid (1996).\"\" Pierce had small roles in \"\"Little Big League\"\" (1994), \"\"Ripper Man\"\" (1995), \"\"Problem Child 3\"\" (1995), \"\"Three Wishes\"\" (1995),", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 49 } ]
test_3510	when did refrigerator perry play for the bears?	n/a	[ "1985–1993" ]	[]	n/a	n/a	n/a	[]	[ { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6007267", "chunk_text": "\"William Perry (American football)\"\nWilliam Perry (American football) William Anthony Perry (born December 16, 1962) is a former American professional football player who was a defensive lineman in the National Football League (NFL) for ten seasons during the 1980s and 1990s. Perry played college football for Clemson University, and was recognized as an All-American. He was selected in the first round of the 1985 NFL Draft, and played professionally for the Chicago Bears and Philadelphia Eagles of the NFL. In reference to his imposing size, he was popularly known as \"\"The Refrigerator\"\" or, abbreviated, \"\"The Fridge.\"\" Perry also occasionally played at fullback at the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 0 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1680109", "chunk_text": "\"Senorise Perry\"\nrushing touchdowns. In the 2013 season, he had 677 rushing yards and six rushing touchdowns. During his career, he rushed for 1,409 yards on 289 carries with 18 touchdowns. On May 19, 2014, Perry was signed by the Chicago Bears after going undrafted in the 2014 NFL Draft. In the 2014 season, Perry appeared on special teams in all 16 games, as well as having a team-high 17 special teams tackles and 2 forced fumbles on special teams. On September 1, 2015, Perry was placed on injured reserve with a foot injury. On August 28, 2016, Perry was waived by", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 1 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6007270", "chunk_text": "\"William Perry (American football)\"\nFord's Clemson Tigers football team from 1981 to 1984. He was a member of a national championship team in 1981, and was recognized as a consensus first-team All-American as a junior in 1983. As a freshman in 1981, he earned his \"\"refrigerator\"\" nickname when a fellow player could barely squeeze into an elevator with Perry and their laundry which they were taking to be washed. The player, Ray Brown, said \"\"Man, you're about as big as a refrigerator.\"\" In 1985, he was selected in the first round of the 1985 NFL Draft by the Chicago Bears; he had been hand-picked", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 2 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13995189", "chunk_text": "\"Chicago Slaughter\"\nplay their home games at the Sears Centre in Hoffman Estates, Illinois. The team was originally intended to be a part of United Indoor Football, but did not join due to a dispute with the league. The team interviewed William \"\"The Refrigerator\"\" Perry and Steve McMichael from the 1985 Chicago Bears Super Bowl XX championship team for the head coaching position. The aim was to appeal to local fans' affinity for McMichael and Perry and to take advantage of McMichael's love of hard-nosed, tough football. McMichael accepted the job as head coach, while Perry rejected the offer as Director of", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 3 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6007271", "chunk_text": "\"William Perry (American football)\"\nby coach Mike Ditka. However, defensive coordinator Buddy Ryan, who had a highly acrimonious relationship with Ditka, called Perry a \"\"wasted draft-pick\"\". Perry soon became a pawn in the political power struggle between Ditka and Ryan. Perry's \"\"Refrigerator\"\" nickname followed him into the NFL and he quickly became a favorite of the Chicago Bears fans. Teammates called him \"\"Biscuit,\"\" as in \"\"one biscuit shy of 350 pounds.\"\" While Ryan refused to play Perry, Ditka decided to use Perry as a fullback when the team was near the opponents' goal line or in fourth and short situations, either as a ball", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 4 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18618046", "chunk_text": "\"George Cumby\"\nthen relegated to backup duty in 1985. In the 1985 season Cumby gained national attention in a negative way. When rookie defensive tackle William Perry was put in the offensive lineup for the Chicago Bears it was Cumby who was twice \"\"flattened\"\" by Perry on lead blocks for Walter Payton. Later in that season, Cumby was beaten on a short pass route by Perry that the \"\"Fridge\"\" carried into the end zone, again an embarrassment for Cumby. Cumby was cut by the Packers the following preseason on August 18, 1986, and subsequently signed by the Buffalo Bills. Cumby was a", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 5 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4078089", "chunk_text": "\"1985 Chicago Bears season\"\nBuford by trading away their 12th round draft picks from 1985 and 1986, respectively. During training camp, seven players, including Mike Singletary, Steve McMichael, Keith Van Horne and rookie William Perry, were either unsigned or holding out due to their contracts. Perry, McMichael and Van Horne eventually reported to training camp. Perry held out until August 5, when he signed a four-year, $1.35 million contract. However, after an unimpressive showing at training camp, defensive coordinator Buddy Ryan tabbed Perry as a \"\"wasted draft-pick\"\". Before the team's season opening game against the Tampa Bay Buccaneers, players Al Harris, Todd Bell and", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 6 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "55857", "chunk_text": "\"Chicago Bears\"\nlisted her as one of Chicago's most powerful women. Mike Ditka, a tight end for the Bears from 1961 to 1966, was hired to coach the team by George Halas in 1982. His gritty personality earned him the nickname \"\"Iron Mike\"\". The team reached the NFC Championship game in 1984. In the 1985 season the fire in the Bears–Packers rivalry was re-lit when Ditka used 315 pound defensive tackle \"\"Refrigerator\"\" Perry as a running back in a touchdown play at Lambeau Field, against the Packers. The Bears won their ninth NFL Championship, first since the AFL-NFL merger, in Super Bowl", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 7 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17438274", "chunk_text": "\"William Perry (American football)\"\nreleased on Sutra Records. A novelty hit, \"\"Frig-O-Rator,\"\" was released in December 1985 on the Motown label by Roq-In' Zoo and featured sound bites of Bears game plays. The following year The Fridge was yet again remembered in a rap song, this time by the obscure Los Angeles-based hip-hop group Hard Machine who released the single \"\"Refrigerator.\"\" Perry is one of several real people to be immortalized with a \"\"G.I. Joe\"\" action figure of himself as The Fridge. The figure was offered in 1986, the same year the Bears defeated the New England Patriots in the Super Bowl. In 2013,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 8 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16604819", "chunk_text": "\"B. J. Raji\"\nin Capers' 3-4 type defense, moving previous starter Ryan Pickett to defensive end. 2010 was a breakout season: starting in all 16 games, Raji became the defensive anchor that the Packers had envisioned, accumulating 39 tackles with 6.5 sacks, along with 3 passes defended. The Packers began using Raji as an additional fullback in their goal line offense during the 2011 postseason, which led to Raji nicknaming himself \"\"The Freezer\"\" in homage to William Perry, who played for the Bears and was nicknamed \"\"The Fridge\"\". On January 23, 2011, in the fourth quarter of the NFC Championship Game at Soldier", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 9 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11647260", "chunk_text": "\"Super Bowl XX\"\ndefense was a large rookie lineman named William \"\"The Refrigerator\"\" Perry. Perry came into training camp before the season weighing over 380 pounds. But after Bears defensive coordinator Buddy Ryan told the press that the team \"\"wasted\"\" their first round draft pick on him, Perry lost some weight and ended up being an effective defensive tackle, finishing the season with 5 sacks. He got even more attention when Ditka started putting him in the game at the fullback position during offensive plays near the opponent's goal line. During the regular season, Perry rushed for 2 touchdowns, caught a pass for", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 10 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9570261", "chunk_text": "\"History of the Chicago Bears\"\ncelebrated year in Bears history. Through various rankings, the 1985 Bears have been marked as one of the top 5 NFL teams of all time. The Bears beat the first twelve of their opponents. In the process, they outscored opponents 456 to 198. Along the way, the Bears created a huge amount of hype around themselves. The season brought players to the national spotlight such as William \"\"The Refrigerator\"\" Perry, Mike Singletary, Jim McMahon, Dan Hampton, and Walter Payton. During the season, in Week 3, McMahon had back spasms, and when the Bears were trailing the Minnesota Vikings, and eventually,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 11 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1898596", "chunk_text": "\"Akiem Hicks\"\nWilliam \"\"The Refrigerator\"\" Perry, a defensive lineman who sporadically played fullback for the Bears in the 1980s. Hicks was the first Bears defensive player to score a touchdown on offense since linebacker Brian Urlacher caught a touchdown pass from punter Brad Maynard on a fake field goal in 2001. Akiem Hicks Akiem Jamar Hicks (born November 16, 1989) is an American football defensive end for the Chicago Bears of the National Football League (NFL). He was drafted by the New Orleans Saints in the third round of the 2012 NFL Draft and has also played for the New England Patriots.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 12 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6007283", "chunk_text": "\"William Perry (American football)\"\nbidder. As of September 23, 2015, Perry is living off a monthly social security disability check, and also gets some disability money from the NFL as he lives in an assisted living townhouse. Perry was hospitalized in Chicago with a leg infection following his return to Soldier Field on January 3, 2016. William Perry (American football) William Anthony Perry (born December 16, 1962) is a former American professional football player who was a defensive lineman in the National Football League (NFL) for ten seasons during the 1980s and 1990s. Perry played college football for Clemson University, and was recognized as", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 13 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12977963", "chunk_text": "\"2018 Chicago Bears season\"\nthe next series. In the second quarter, the Bears placed Hicks in at fullback for a fourth-and-goal at the one-yard line, where he scored on a one-yard run; the play was called \"\"Freezer Left\"\" in tribute to William \"\"The Refrigerator\"\" Perry, the last Bears defensive lineman to score a rushing touchdown. On the final drive of the first half, Aldrick Rosas kicked a 57-yard field goal to make the score 14–10. The Giants opened the second half with Beckham throwing a 49-yard touchdown pass to Russell Shepard, followed by Manning's one-yard touchdown throw to Beckham on fourth down. In the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 14 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8832325", "chunk_text": "\"1985 Chicago Bears season\"\nand Dave Duerson (22), and a defensive line that included future Hall of Famers Richard Dent (#95) and Dan \"\"Danimal\"\" Hampton (#99), along with the gritty Steve McMichael (#76) and breakout media superstar rookie, William \"\"The Refrigerator\"\" Perry (#72), the Bears were famous (or infamous) for getting to the quarterback early and often and completely disrupting their opponent's offensive game plans. As a testament to their toughness, a hit by Marshall where he knocked Detroit Lions quarterback Joe Ferguson unconscious is still replayed as just one example of the ferocity with which this team played. The irony of the defense's", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 15 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17438273", "chunk_text": "\"William Perry (American football)\"\nthe opening of \"\"According to Jim\"\" (Season 8, Episode 15). He starred in a commercial in the 1980s with Jim McMahon, fellow Chicago Bears teammate, for Coke Classic and Coke. He appears on the Chef Tony infomercial endorsing \"\"My Rotisserie\"\" in a number of acted scenes where he plays poker with his friends, while singing the praises of the kitchen appliance. During Super Bowl XLIV, Perry joined other members of the 1985 Chicago Bears in resurrecting the Super Bowl Shuffle in a Boost Mobile commercial. Popular rap trio The Fat Boys recorded a twelve-inch single titled \"\"Chillin' with the Refrigerator\"\"", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 16 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17013397", "chunk_text": "\"Bryan Robinson (American football, born 1974)\"\nState Bulldogs in 1995. Bryan Robinson played one season with the St. Louis Rams in 1997, after making the roster as an undrafted free agent. Robinson made one of the most memorable and emotional plays in recent Chicago Bears history on November 7, 1999. Playing at Green Bay in the first Bears game since the death of Walter Payton, he blocked a 28-yard Ryan Longwell field goal attempt in the final seconds to preserve a 14–13 victory over the Packers. He was waived on September 5, 2004. At the time of his release, he was the longest tenured player on", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 17 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1680110", "chunk_text": "\"Senorise Perry\"\nthe Bears. He was later signed to the Bears' practice squad. On September 13, he was released from their practice squad. On October 13, 2016, Perry was signed to the Dolphins' practice squad. He signed a reserve/future contract with the Dolphins on January 10, 2017. In the 2017 season, he appeared in all 16 games and had eight carries for 30 rushing yards and a three-yard reception. Senorise Perry Senorise Perry (born September 19, 1991) is an American football running back for the Miami Dolphins of the National Football League (NFL). He played college football at Louisville. He was signed", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 18 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16195210", "chunk_text": "\"Nate Newton\"\nUnited States Football League, who drafted him in 1983, in what the USFL called a Territorial Draft. He played there for two years (1984 and 1985) as an offensive tackle. When the USFL folded, Newton signed as a free agent with the Dallas Cowboys in 1986. He started out as a reserve offensive lineman, and was nicknamed \"\"the Kitchen\"\" because he was bigger than William \"\"The Refrigerator\"\" Perry, of Chicago Bears fame. Even though he became a starter at left guard in 1987, his struggles to maintain his playing weight almost cost him being waived. His breakout came with the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 19 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8028947", "chunk_text": "\"Perry Lee Dunn\"\nthe position in the Chicago College All-Star Game, head coach Tom Landry decided that it would be best to switch him to halfback. As a rookie, he started the last 2 games of the season because of injuries. In 1965, he started 7 games at halfback. The Atlanta Falcons selected him from the Cowboys roster in the 1966 NFL Expansion Draft and moved him to fullback. He was traded to the Baltimore Colts in exchange for a draft choice (not exercised), before the start of the 1969 season. In 1969, Dunn played in 5 games for the Baltimore Colts, before", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 20 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1680108", "chunk_text": "\"Senorise Perry\"\nSenorise Perry Senorise Perry (born September 19, 1991) is an American football running back for the Miami Dolphins of the National Football League (NFL). He played college football at Louisville. He was signed by the Chicago Bears as an undrafted free agent in 2014. Perry attended and played high school football at Chattooga High School. Perry played college football at the University of Louisville from 2010 to 2013 under head coach Charlie Strong. In the 2011 season, he had 12 carries for 27 rushing yards and a rushing touchdown. In the 2012 season, he had 705 rushing yards and 11", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 21 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9471558", "chunk_text": "\"Larry McGrew\"\nBuffalo in Super Bowl XXV. An excellent linebacker and relentless defender, McGrew will forever be remembered for a play he didn't make that occurred during Super Bowl XX between the New England Patriots and Chicago Bears in 1986. One of the most famous plays in Super Bowl history was William \"\"The Refrigerator\"\" Perry's touchdown run. McGrew was on the receiving end of the hit that propelled Perry into the end zone and into Super Bowl history. McGrew was no match for Perry's momentum and wide girth and was consequently run over and flattened by Perry in the end zone. When", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 22 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "863898", "chunk_text": "\"Chicago Bears\"\nthe \"\"NFL on NBC\"\" and CBS's \"\"The NFL Today\"\", and he currently works on ESPN's \"\"Sunday NFL Countdown\"\" and provided Friday night analysis on the Bears on WBBM-TV's \"\"2 on Football\"\" with former WBBM-TV sports director Mark Malone. He is also the color analyst for all local broadcasts of Bears preseason games. Ditka also co-starred himself alongside actor Will Ferrell in the 2005 comedy film \"\"Kicking & Screaming\"\". Also, Ditka, Dick Butkus, Walter Payton, Jim McMahon, William \"\"Refrigerator\"\" Perry and Brian Urlacher are among Bears figures known for their appearances in TV commercials. Urlacher, whose jersey was among the league's", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 23 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10780518", "chunk_text": "\"Guy McIntyre\"\nyear, with William Perry, the \"\"Refrigerator\"\" as the blocking back, though Perry would also be used as a runner. McIntyre attended Thomasville High School, where he played high school football for the Bulldogs. Guy was married three times and now is single. Guy has two college age daughters now living in Georgia. Guy joined the prestigious Silicon Valley Leadership Group. Guy is working toward publishing his book of memoirs. Guy looks toward to attending Graduate School. Guy McIntyre Guy Maurice McIntyre (born February 17, 1961) is a former professional American football offensive lineman in the National Football League. He played", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 24 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8798322", "chunk_text": "\"James O. Williams\"\nseason. Williams was released by Chicago on February 26, 2003. James O. Williams James Otis \"\"BigCat\"\" Williams (born March 29, 1968) is a former American football player. He played for the Chicago Bears throughout his 12-year NFL career. Williams was 6'7\"\" and 330-pounds. He has two children, Jai and Jia. Williams was signed as a free agent by Bill Tobin after the 1991 draft. He played defensive tackle on a 0-11 team at Cheyney State. Williams worked his way into the defensive line rotation his rookie season, substituting for Steve McMichael and William Perry when needed. As a rookie, he", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 25 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "55838", "chunk_text": "\"Chicago Bears\"\nChicago Bears The Chicago Bears are a professional American football team based in Chicago, Illinois. The Bears compete in the National Football League (NFL) as a member club of the league's National Football Conference (NFC) North division. The Bears have won nine NFL Championships, including one Super Bowl, and hold the NFL record for the most enshrinees in the Pro Football Hall of Fame and the most retired jersey numbers. The Bears have also recorded more victories than any other NFL franchise. The franchise was founded in Decatur, Illinois, on September 17, 1920, and moved to Chicago in 1921. It", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 26 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15322333", "chunk_text": "\"John Babinecz\"\nHe was released on September 15, 1975 season. On September 16, 1975, he was claimed by the Chicago Bears where he had reserve role during the season and played out his option. On June 29, 1976, he signed with the Philadelphia Eagles as a free agent, but was waived on August 2. On August 10, 1976, he was claimed off waivers by the Atlanta Falcons, but was released before the start of the season. In 1976, he signed with the Winnipeg Blue Bombers. He was cut on August 28, 1977. Babinecz currently works as a pediatrician. John Babinecz John Babinecz", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 27 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "55903", "chunk_text": "\"Chicago Bears\"\nand exclude any postseason play.\"\" In the Pro Football Hall of Fame, the Bears have the most enshrined primary members with 28, however the club also have had five Hall of Famers spend a minor portion of their career with the franchise. Founder, owner, head coach, and player George Halas, halfback Bronko Nagurski, and Red Grange were a part of the original class of inductees in 1963. The franchise saw 14 individuals inducted into the Hall of Fame from 1963 to 1967. Middle linebacker Brian Urlacher, who spent his entire career with the team, is the most recent Chicago Bear", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 28 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6304896", "chunk_text": "\"Akiem Hicks\"\nAli Marpet. Hicks was not suspended, but was fined $33,425. In week 11 against the Minnesota Vikings, Hicks sacked quarterback Kirk Cousins once, along with recording a career-best five tackles for a loss. The Bears won the game 25–20. Hicks also saw occasional playing time on offense during the season. In a week 13 loss to the New York Giants, he lined up at upback alongside defensive end Roy Robertson-Harris on fourth-and-goal from the Giants' one-yard line. Receiving the hand-off, Hicks ran for the one-yard touchdown. The play was dubbed \"\"Freezer Left\"\" by head coach Matt Nagy in tribute to", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 29 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15729011", "chunk_text": "\"Nick Perry (American football)\"\nwas Sunday May 3. Perry re-signed with the Packers on a one-year, $5 million contract on March 11, 2016. On March 9, 2017, Perry signed a five-year, $60 million contract extension with the Packers. In 2017, he played in 12 games with 11 starts while dealing with hand, foot, shoulder, and ankle injuries throughout the season. He was placed on injured reserve on December 30, 2017. He finished the season with 38 tackles and seven sacks. On November 24, 2018, Perry was placed on injured reserve with a knee injury. He played in nine games in 2018, recording 24 tackles", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 30 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6754043", "chunk_text": "\"Brandon Dunn\"\nDunn made his NFL debut on November 27, 2014 against the Detroit Lions. Dunn was released by the Bears on September 5, 2015 and signed to the team's practice squad on September 7, 2015. He was promoted to the active roster on September 19, 2015. Dunn was released by the Bears on October 3 and signed to the team's practice squad on October 6, 2015. Dunn was signed off the Chicago Bears' practice squad by the Houston Texans on October 13, 2015. On September 3, 2016, he was released by the Texans. Two days later, he was signed to the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 31 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9181148", "chunk_text": "\"Brian Urlacher\"\nas Nike, McDonald's, Old Spice, and Vitamin Water, have featured him in several television advertisements and promotions. Urlacher is of Russian German descent. His great-grandfather, Lucas Urlacher, was born into a Black Sea German family in an area that today belongs to Ukraine. Brian Urlacher Brian Urlacher (; born May 25, 1978) is a former American football linebacker who spent his entire 13-year career playing for the Chicago Bears of the National Football League (NFL). He played college football for the University of New Mexico, where he was recognized as a consensus All-American and became one of the school's most", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 32 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "987327", "chunk_text": "\"Kabeer Gbaja-Biamila\"\n2016, Gbaja-Biamila appeared alongside 2016 Republican Presidential Candidate Ted Cruz and Wisconsin Governor Scott Walker at a rally in Green Bay, Wisconsin. Gbaja-Biamila has supported Ted Cruz at rallies and on Social Media. Kabeer Gbaja-Biamila Muhammed-Kabeer Olanrewaju Gbaja-Biamila (; born September 24, 1977), nicknamed \"\"KGB\"\", is a former American football defensive end who played nine seasons in the National Football League (NFL). He played college football at San Diego State. He was drafted by the Green Bay Packers in the fifth round of the 2000 NFL Draft, and played his entire career for the Packers. He was a Pro Bowl", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 33 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13298190", "chunk_text": "\"Chicago Honey Bears\"\nChicago Honey Bears The Chicago Honey Bears were a cheerleading squad for the Chicago Bears of the National Football League during the late 1970s and early 1980s. The group performed at Bears games at Soldier Field until Super Bowl XX, which was their final appearance, as well as having done modelling, including an incident when a member of the squad appeared topless in a \"\"Playboy\"\" magazine. After Super Bowl XX the squad was disbanded, and currently, the Bears are one of the six NFL teams that do not have cheerleaders, along with the Buffalo Bills, Cleveland Browns, Green Bay Packers,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 34 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20929918", "chunk_text": "\"2017 Chicago Bears season\"\nBears. On March 17, the Bears signed defensive tackle John Jenkins, a 359-pound nose tackle who was a third-round pick by the New Orleans Saints in 2013, when Bears general manager Ryan Pace was the Saints' Director of Player Personnel. Jenkins agreed to a one-year, $900.000 contract with the team. Los Angeles Rams running back Benny Cunningham signed with the team on March 21; also a kick returner, he returned 22 kicks for an average of 27.2 yards, fourth-best in the NFL. Three days later, the Bears signed veteran quarterback Mark Sanchez to a one-year contract. On April 5, cornerback", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 35 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19349648", "chunk_text": "\"2014 Chicago Bears season\"\non May 16, which lasted for three days, in the Walter Payton Center. Asides from the eight drafted rookies, the undrafted rookies signed after the draft, and 2013 rookies, 38 players were present for tryouts, including four Illinois-born players. At the end of the camp, punter Drew Butler was waived, while tryout players Senorise Perry, a running back from Louisville, and North Texas safety Marcus Trice were signed. Training Camp at Olivet Nazarene University in Bourbonnais, Illinois began on July 24, with the first practice the following day. The first two practices were held without pads; additional practices were held", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 36 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20162347", "chunk_text": "\"Cory Brandon\"\nJunior season. On July 27, 2011, he signed with the Tampa Bay Buccaneers as an undrafted free agent. On September 4, 2011, he was released. On June 18, 2012, Brandon signed with the Chicago Bears. On August 31, 2012, he was released on the day of roster cuts. On September 1, 2012, he was signed to the practice squad. On September 10, he was released from the practice squad. On October 17, 2012, he was re-signed to the practice squad. On December 17, 2012, he was promoted to the active roster from the practice squad after the team placed defensive", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 37 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14336172", "chunk_text": "\"Antonio Robinson\"\nAntonio Robinson Antonio Robinson (born on November 11, 1985) is an American football wide receiver who is currently a free agent. He was signed by the Chicago Bears as an undrafted free agent in 2010. He later won Super Bowl XLV as a member of the Green Bay Packers, defeating the Pittsburgh Steelers. He played college football for Nicholls State University. He most recently was a member of the Winnipeg Blue Bombers of the Canadian Football League but was cut April 17th, 2014 during Training Camp. For the 2010 and 2011 seasons, Robinson was a member of the Green Bay", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 38 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5161977", "chunk_text": "\"Bryan Witzmann\"\nCameron Erving. On September 10, 2018, Witzmann was signed by the Minnesota Vikings. He was released on October 5, 2018. On October 8, 2018, Witzmann was signed by the Chicago Bears. In November, with right guard Kyle Long on injured reserve, Witzmann began splitting time at the spot with Eric Kush. Bryan Witzmann Bryan Witzmann (born June 16, 1990) is an American football offensive guard for the Chicago Bears of the National Football League (NFL). He played college football at South Dakota State University. Witzmann signed with the Houston Texans as an undrafted free agent on May 16, 2014. He", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 39 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7990341", "chunk_text": "\"Lennie Friedman\"\nstart at center versus the Seattle Seahawks on November 9. He played in five games for the Redskins in 2004 and made two starts. Friedman played in the opening ten games for the Redskins, but was waived on November 23. He was signed by the Chicago Bears as a free agent on November 29 and played in one game at the Minnesota Vikings on January 1. Friedman was traded by the Bears to the Cleveland Browns in exchange for a conditional draft choice on August 24, 2006. In 2006, Friedman played in all 16 games and made two starts. He", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 40 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "227156", "chunk_text": "\"Darren Perry\"\ntouchdowns are school records. Perry had six interceptions his senior year and returned two for touchdowns. Perry appeared on the cover of the November 26, 1990 issue of \"\"Sports Illustrated\"\" following Penn State’s defeat of then #1, Notre Dame. He has a sandwich named in his honor at State College, Pennsylvania's Fraser Street Deli. The ingredients are Roast Beef, Provolone, and Onions all heated and served on toasted bread. An eighth round draft pick (203rd overall) of the 1992 NFL Draft, (the first for Steelers head coach Bill Cowher), Perry played seven seasons (1992–98) with the Steelers and started the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 41 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "863903", "chunk_text": "\"Chicago Bears\"\nyards with 16,726. That was an NFL record until Emmitt Smith of the Dallas Cowboys broke it in . Former Bears running back Matt Forte, who started playing for the Bears in 2008, is the closest to Payton's record with 6,985 yards. Forte also holds the team's single season record for rookies in rushing attempts, rushing yards and receptions. Mark Bortz holds the record for most Bear playoff appearances, with 13 between 1983 and 1994, and is followed by Kevin Butler, Dennis Gentry, Dan Hampton, Jay Hilgenberg, Steve McMichael, Ron Rivera, Mike Singletary, and Keith Van Horne, who have each", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 42 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8798319", "chunk_text": "\"James O. Williams\"\nJames O. Williams James Otis \"\"BigCat\"\" Williams (born March 29, 1968) is a former American football player. He played for the Chicago Bears throughout his 12-year NFL career. Williams was 6'7\"\" and 330-pounds. He has two children, Jai and Jia. Williams was signed as a free agent by Bill Tobin after the 1991 draft. He played defensive tackle on a 0-11 team at Cheyney State. Williams worked his way into the defensive line rotation his rookie season, substituting for Steve McMichael and William Perry when needed. As a rookie, he blocked a field goal at Buffalo, picked up his first", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 43 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16927020", "chunk_text": "\"Mark Bortz\"\nBowler, Bortz won a Super Bowl as a member of the 1985 Chicago Bears. He also holds the record for most playoff appearances by a Bear with 13. On March 7, 2013, a two-story house belonging to Bortz in Liberty, Illinois burned down. Firefighters had attempted to save the house, but the house was fully engulfed in flames by arrival. Mark Bortz Mark Steven Bortz (born February 12, 1961) is a former offensive guard in the National Football League. He attended the University of Iowa and was drafted by the Chicago Bears in 1983. The Bears' 1983 draft class is", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 44 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15479342", "chunk_text": "\"Wentford Gaines\"\nWentford Gaines Wentford Elijah \"\"Mumbo\"\" Gaines (born February 4, 1953) is a former American football defensive back who played in the National Football League for the Pittsburgh Steelers and Chicago Bears. Gaines was raised in Anderson, South Carolina. In high school, he was noted more for his basketball and track performances, but when he failed receive any basketball scholarship offers, he decided to turn his attention to football. He attended Ferrum Junior College in Ferrum, Virginia. After two years at Ferrum he attended Tennessee Tech for a year before transferring to the University of Cincinnati where he played football and", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 45 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3945218", "chunk_text": "\"Dick Evey\"\nproviding $88,000 annually for medical care. Dick Evey Richard Theodore Evey (February 13, 1941 – May 23, 2013) was an offensive tackle and defensive tackle in the NFL. He played most of his career with the Chicago Bears. After his football career, Evey became a land developer in Blount County, Tennessee, where he was involved in restoring historic Perry's Mill, a working gristmill in Walland, Tennessee. On May 23, 2013, Evey died from dementia and primary progressive aphasia. From 2007 until his death, Evey was a recipient of the 88 Plan, designed to help former NFL players suffering from Alzheimer's", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 46 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3591790", "chunk_text": "\"Kurt Becker\"\nChicago Bears from 1982 to 1988. He was the Bears' starting right guard in 1983 and 1984, appearing in 32 games, 30 as a starter, during those two seasons. In 1986, he won the Super Bowl with the Bears. He played for the Los Angeles Rams for two games during the 1989 NFL season before returning to the Bears for 10 games as a backup in 1990. As of 2010, Becker was the associate head coach for Marmion Academy, a college-prep academy in Aurora. As of 2013, he is the head coach for the East Aurora High School football program.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 47 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1702863", "chunk_text": "\"Ted Vactor\"\nof the District of Columbia from 1977 to 1982 where he compiled an overall record of 24–31–1. He resigned his position as the Firebirds' head coach in 1983 to become an assistant coach with the Washington Federals of the United States Football League. In 1999, Vactor was inducted to the Washington-Greene County Chapter of the Pennsylvania Hall of Fame and in 2000 he was inducted into the Nebraska Hall of Fame. Ted Vactor Theodore Francis Vactor (born May 27, 1944) is a former American football cornerback in the National Football League (NFL) for the Washington Redskins and Chicago Bears. He", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 48 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12976296", "chunk_text": "\"Perry Williams (running back)\"\nto the World Football League and spent the 1975 season with the San Antonio Wings. Perry Williams (running back) Perry Andrew Williams (born December 11, 1946) is a former American football running back in the National Football League. He was drafted by the Green Bay Packers in the fourth round of the 1969 NFL Draft. He played college football at Purdue. Williams is currently ranked high on the Boilermakers' career rushing charts; 8th in attempts (514), 11th in yards (2,049), 4th in rushing touchdowns (30), 5th in total touchdowns (31) and 14th in points (174). In July 2013, Williams was", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 49 } ]
test_3511	what is the main character's name in layer cake?	n/a	[ "XXXX", "XXXX,", "Daniel Craig" ]	[]	n/a	n/a	n/a	[]	[ { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1029779", "chunk_text": "\"Layer Cake (novel)\"\nLayer Cake (novel) Layer Cake is the debut novel of British author J. J. Connolly, first published in 2000 by Duckworth Press. It was made into a motion picture in 2004 (also called \"\"Layer Cake\"\"), directed by Matthew Vaughn and written for the screen by Connolly himself. The book takes place in London in the 1990s and is narrated by an unnamed, 29-year-old drug dealer (\"\"If you knew my name, you'd be as clever as me\"\") who plans on leaving the life of crime behind at the age of thirty to live life as \"\"a gentleman of leisure.\"\" His retirement", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 0 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1843741", "chunk_text": "\"Layer Cake (novel)\"\nplan is complicated by a large shipment of stolen Ecstasy, the German neo-Nazis who want the drugs back and revenge on anyone they hold responsible for the theft, the unpredictable and often outrageous personalities of his friends, and his boss, kingpin Jimmy Price, who charges him with the task of recovering the missing daughter of a wealthy socialite. On April Fool's Day in 1997, the narrator, and his pal Mister Mortimer are waiting impatiently to sell a half-kilo of cocaine to a less-than-punctual pal, Jeremy. Until Jeremy arrives, readers are introduced to various characters and are given a brief look", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 1 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18099577", "chunk_text": "\"Layer Cake (film)\"\nand take XXXX's wealth. Eddie demands that XXXX sells the pills to him instead. A furious XXXX shoots and kills Jimmy at his home but does so with a gun that Gene, Jimmy's henchman and his main liaison with XXXX, had used to commit murder, putting Gene under police attention. XXXX discovers that his accountant, who operated his legitimate front and was referred to him by Jimmy Price, has stolen all of his money and disappeared. Gene and Morty suspect XXXX of foul play; after being shown the evidence that Jimmy is a grass, the pair acknowledge XXXX as the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 2 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1843743", "chunk_text": "\"Layer Cake (novel)\"\nan argument between Mort and an employee, Nobby, who is confused on what to do over a shipment from the Netherlands of low-quality sex gear that they did not order. They decide to send it back. Mort then drives the narrator to a fancy, out-of-the-way restaurant called Pepi's Barn, the haunt of \"\"don\"\" Jimmy Price, who has demanded to meet with him. Here the reader is introduced to Jimmy's right-hand man Gene, a loyal gundog to boot. The purpose of the dinner, as it turns out, is the disappearance of a young girl name of Charlotte Temple. Charlotte is the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 3 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18099572", "chunk_text": "\"Layer Cake (film)\"\nLayer Cake (film) Layer Cake (also occasionally stylised as L4YER CAKƐ) is a 2004 British crime film directed by Matthew Vaughn, in his directorial debut. The screenplay was adapted by J. J. Connolly from his novel of the same name. The film's plot revolves around a London-based criminal known as XXXX, played by Daniel Craig, working in the trade of cocaine who wishes to leave the drug business. The film also features Tom Hardy, Colm Meaney, and Sienna Miller. The film was produced by Adam Bohling, David Reid and Matthew Vaughn, with Stephen Marks as executive producer. The title refers", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 4 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9346566", "chunk_text": "\"Layer Cake (novel)\"\ndrugs trade and leave Britain or else he would find himself in prison for a very long time. The narrator moves to Venezuela and leaves us with the line, \"\"My name? If you knew that, you'd be as clever as me.\"\" A 2004 adaptation directed by Matthew Vaughn and starring Daniel Craig (also called \"\"Layer Cake\"\") had a largely unchanged storyline and received positive reviews. In the 2004 film adaptation, the narrator is seen leaving a country club with Tammy, where Sydney approaches and shoots the narrator. His fate is left unknown. The criminal gang the Duke robs in the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 5 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18099573", "chunk_text": "\"Layer Cake (film)\"\nto the social strata, especially in the British criminal underworld. XXXX, a 30-something man, is a London underworld criminal who has established himself as one of the biggest cocaine suppliers in the city, with legitimate cover. Considering himself a businessman and patience as a virtue, XXXX leaves the darker aspects of the business to his henchman Morty, a man having recently ended a 10-year prison sentence for murder. Once he has earned enough to be financially secure, XXXX plans to retire. On the evening XXXX intends to set these plans into motion, his sponsor and supplier Jimmy Price tells him", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 6 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1029788", "chunk_text": "\"Layer Cake (novel)\"\njob. While looking for Cody in a London club, the narrator encounters Sydney, a low-ranking member of the Yahoos. The narrator then meets Sydney's girlfriend Tammy, who he is immediately attracted to. Before leaving the club, Tammy gives him her number and surreptitiously asks him to call her. While speaking with Sydney, the narrator hears a story about the leader of Sydney's crew, a man named Darren who prefers to be known as The Duke. The Duke and his girlfriend, Slasher, are a pair of dedicated coke addicts who live just outside London. The pair of them have become steadily", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 7 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1843742", "chunk_text": "\"Layer Cake (novel)\"\ninto their histories, including Jimmy Price; Mister Mortimer (Morty), who served five and a quarter years of an eight-year sentence for being caught while disposing of suicide victim Kilburn Jerry after a party; young Clarkie, whom the narrator expects to take his place when he retires; and Terry, friend to all. The narrator also explains to the readers how he made it to where he is—starting small, growing in rank, keeping quiet and making sure everything is strictly business. Jeremy eventually arrives half an hour late to make the purchase. Narrator is invited to Mortimer's porn shop, Loveland, and interrupts", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 8 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1029808", "chunk_text": "\"Layer Cake (novel)\"\nNetherlands are changed to Serbian war criminals (albeit confusingly speaking Romanian to each other). Layer Cake (novel) Layer Cake is the debut novel of British author J. J. Connolly, first published in 2000 by Duckworth Press. It was made into a motion picture in 2004 (also called \"\"Layer Cake\"\"), directed by Matthew Vaughn and written for the screen by Connolly himself. The book takes place in London in the 1990s and is narrated by an unnamed, 29-year-old drug dealer (\"\"If you knew my name, you'd be as clever as me\"\") who plans on leaving the life of crime behind at", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 9 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18099584", "chunk_text": "\"Layer Cake (film)\"\nBlu-ray in 2007. It was also re-released in 2014. Jason Statham's production company is said to have the rights to produce a sequel, entitled \"\"Viva La Madness\"\" with Statham taking the XXXX role from Craig. On 17 September 2015, it was reported that \"\"Viva La Madness\"\" will be a TV show for Gaumont International Television. Layer Cake (film) Layer Cake (also occasionally stylised as L4YER CAKƐ) is a 2004 British crime film directed by Matthew Vaughn, in his directorial debut. The screenplay was adapted by J. J. Connolly from his novel of the same name. The film's plot revolves around", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 10 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1029787", "chunk_text": "\"Layer Cake (novel)\"\nDuring the meeting with the gangsters, collectively known as the \"\"Yahoos,\"\" the narrator finds that he cannot reason with them, and he leaves upon promising to find a buyer for the pills, albeit at a much lower price than if the Yahoos would consent to releasing the pills in small instalments. The narrator tells the Yahoos that the pills are worth much less than they believe, which they are not happy to hear. The narrator tasks his old friend Cody, also known as Billy Bogus and his partner Tiptoes with locating Charlie. Cody expects little difficulty and quickly accepts the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 11 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1029792", "chunk_text": "\"Layer Cake (novel)\"\nhope is that Van Tuck had not yet picked up the shipment, but there is a strong possibility that the police will have confiscated the drugs during their investigation of Van Tuck's murder. Through Duncan, Trevor discovers that the cannabis has been seized by the police and after destroying many of Duncan's possessions in a rage, the action moves back to London. The narrator and Morty receive a call from Cody, telling them that he has located Kinky, Charlie's boyfriend, in a flat in King's Cross. Upon arriving at the flat, the men find that Kinky is dead of a", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 12 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1843744", "chunk_text": "\"Layer Cake (novel)\"\ndaughter of Edward Temple, a wealthy business contractor and socialite whom Price has known since childhood. She has run away with her new boyfriend, a cokehead by the name of Trevor Atkins, alias Kinky. Price charges the narrator with the task of locating Charlotte as a favour to Jimmy's pal, and promises that if he is successful, Price will allow him to retire without fuss. Price also tells the narrator about a crew of gangsters who have recently acquired two million high quality Ecstasy pills from Amsterdam. Price tasks the narrator with finding a buyer for the pills, and quickly.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 13 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18099574", "chunk_text": "\"Layer Cake (film)\"\nto do two favours. The first is to track down Charlie, the teenage daughter of Jimmy's associate Eddie Temple, who has fled a rehabilitation centre along with her drug-addicted boyfriend Kinky. XXXX decides to enlist two con men, Cody and Tiptoes, to find them. They find the boyfriend dead and Charlie apparently kidnapped, although no ransom has been demanded. The second favour is to organise the purchase and distribution of one million ecstasy tablets from a low-level gangster who styles himself \"\"The Duke\"\". Unbeknownst to XXXX, the pills had been stolen from a gang of Serbian war criminals based in", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 14 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18099575", "chunk_text": "\"Layer Cake (film)\"\nthe Netherlands, a massive drug production outfit with an honour-avenging bent. XXXX encounters the Duke's out-of-touch nephew Sidney at a bar and becomes attracted to his disillusioned girlfriend Tammy. XXXX tries to broker the sale of the ecstasy pills to Liverpool gangsters Trevor and Shanks but they refuse, knowing where the E comes from and that the Serbs have sent an assassin, known as Dragan, to find the pills and kill the thieves. Duke had mentioned XXXX's name to the Serbs, so he too is in danger. Members of the Duke's gang soon start turning up dead and the Duke", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 15 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1029791", "chunk_text": "\"Layer Cake (novel)\"\nnightmare involving Jimmy Price and awakes to a television news story about the brutal torture and murder of a boatman named Van Tuck. At Trevor's house, Trevor and the narrator are discussing the state of the drugs game when the narrator offhandedly mentions Van Tuck's murder. Trevor flies into a panic and takes the narrator to see Duncan, a local reporter who is friendly with many police officers and feeds Trevor information. On the way, Trevor explains that Van Tuck was a smuggler and he was currently moving several million pounds worth of marijuana into the country for Trevor. Trevor's", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 16 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9346565", "chunk_text": "\"Layer Cake (novel)\"\nyears. The narrator is now living on the northern coast of Venezuela where he runs a bar. It turns out that about six weeks after Temple took the pills, the narrator and Tammy were eating in a restaurant in London when Sydney, Tammy's jilted ex-boyfriend, found them. Sydney shot the narrator multiple times, including in the head. The narrator spent six weeks in a coma and awoke with a steel plate in his head. He is visited in hospital by a mysterious government official, who may work for the police or MI5. The man tells the narrator to abandon the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 17 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2936326", "chunk_text": "\"J. J. Connolly\"\nJ. J. Connolly J.J. Connolly is the author of two crime novels, \"\"Layer Cake\"\", and its sequel, \"\"Viva La Madness\"\". He also wrote the screenplay of the film based on his novel. His first novel, \"\"Layer Cake\"\", was first published in 2000 by Duckworth Press. The book takes place in nineties London and is narrated by an unnamed, 29-year-old drug dealer (\"\"If you knew my name, you'd be as clever as me\"\") who plans on leaving the crime game behind at the age of thirty to live life as \"\"a gentleman of leisure.\"\" His retirement plan, however, is made complicated", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 18 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18099579", "chunk_text": "\"Layer Cake (film)\"\nthe pills. XXXX delivers the severed head of the Duke to Dragan as a peace offering, who reports to his Serbian boss that the police have seized the drugs. Cody and Tiptoes return the drugs to XXXX in exchange for a fee and XXXX in turn looks to sell them to Eddie Temple as planned. During the handover at the latter's bonded warehouse, Eddie's henchmen rob his crew of the drugs at gunpoint. To end XXXX's faux assignment given by Jimmy, Eddie reveals that his daughter Charlie's boyfriend died at his men's hands; she was recovered before Jimmy Price ever", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 19 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1843753", "chunk_text": "\"Layer Cake (novel)\"\nheroin overdose, and one of the crackheads who was living with Kinky believes that Kinky was murdered. The narrator is intrigued to learn that Kinky had turned up at the flat shortly before his death with Charlie and two grand in cash. The crackheads tell them that Charlie has gone to Brighton and the narrator sends Cody after her. The narrator and Morty retire to a café, where they run into Freddy Hurst, a fat and slovenly ex-gangster who is down on his luck. Freddy subtly ridicules Morty and asks for some money. Morty complies, but when Freddy makes another", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 20 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9346558", "chunk_text": "\"Layer Cake (novel)\"\nEddie goes on to explain that Jimmy has been moonlighting as a police informer for a number of years. Eddie plays the narrator a recording in which Jimmy speaks with Albie Carter, a member of the Southeast Regional Crime Squad. Jimmy tells Albie that he wants the narrator to be arrested for possession of drugs, which would result in a 12-year sentence. Jimmy had sent the narrator to a dodgy accountant, and after the narrator is imprisoned, Jimmy was planning to take control of his assets to recover his lost wealth. Eddie drops the narrator off back at the Churchill", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 21 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18099580", "chunk_text": "\"Layer Cake (film)\"\nsent XXXX to look for her and Eddie had her back in rehab all along. To mollify XXXX, Eddie gives him a \"\"Welcome to the Layer Cake\"\"; a membership to the Stoke Park Country Club of which he is (and Jimmy was) a member. Expecting betrayal, XXXX arranges for Trevor, Shanks and young Dizzy to steal the drugs back from Eddie's men. The gang assembles for lunch at the Stoke Park Club, honouring their new boss XXXX who sticks to his plan for retirement. When leaving the club with Tammy, mentally running through the names of his fellow murdered businessmen", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 22 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1029795", "chunk_text": "\"Layer Cake (novel)\"\n1970s in London, and that Gene and Morty were members of his crew. After Kilburn Jerry killed himself and Morty was caught disposing of the body, Freddy was about to go away for about 12 years to serve concurrent sentences. Freddy could have gotten Morty off the hook but chose not to, leading to Morty doing 5 years in prison unnecessarily. The narrator gets very drunk with Gene, and the next day decides to arrange a meeting with Tammy at the Churchill Hotel. While showering at the hotel before Tammy arrives, the narrator is kidnapped by two unidentified men and", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 23 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18099578", "chunk_text": "\"Layer Cake (film)\"\nnew acting boss and show him the corpse of the Duke. Gene killed him along with girlfriend and crime-partner, Slasher, when the latter threatened to alert the police about the pills. XXXX tips the police off to the Duke's hideout, who raid it. XXXX is present during the raid to feign purchasing the pills from the Duke's crew and Dragan, who has been following XXXX, witnesses the raid from afar as the police confiscate the drugs and XXXX and Duke's surviving crew escape. XXXX has arranged for Cody and Tiptoes to infiltrate the police and con the unit out of", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 24 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7063653", "chunk_text": "\"Cake (2005 film)\"\ncompleted by a cast of token friends, Lulu (Sandra Oh), Jane (Sarah Chalke), and Rachel (Sabrina Grdevich) who provide Pippa with the moral support she needs to get the job done, both in her love life and in her editor job. Jen Johans of Film Intuition states that earlier in the film, the protagonist is a bit of an 'entitled princess', but once shifting her perception from viewing her as an airhead blonde stereotype to one of a Vince Vaughn style from \"\"Wedding Crashers,\"\" she becomes likeable once again. She believes the reason Graham seems so alienating in the film", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 25 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7063652", "chunk_text": "\"Cake (2005 film)\"\nwedding. She then finds herself running her father's wedding magazine while he recovers from a heart attack. Not only does Pippa have to run the magazine \"\"Wedding Bells\"\", but she also has to save it from the chopping block. The future of magazine is at risk as hungry vultures wait to take over her father's media conglomerate. Pippa and her straight-laced father have never truly gotten along since her mother died. To complicate things, Pippa becomes involved in a love triangle with her father's right-hand man Ian (David Sutcliffe) and the free-spirited photographer Hemingway Jones (Taye Diggs). The story is", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 26 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18099576", "chunk_text": "\"Layer Cake (film)\"\nhimself goes missing. XXXX arranges a tryst with Tammy but before it can be consummated, he is kidnapped by henchmen of Eddie Temple. Eddie informs him that Jimmy Price has recently lost £13 million in a failed investment in Africa and wanted Charlie as a hostage until Eddie got his money back. Jimmy was also hoping to sell the pills to recoup his losses; Eddie plays XXXX a recording which reveals that Jimmy has been an informant for Scotland Yard for years and intends to betray XXXX to the police as soon as the deal is done, to gain clemency", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 27 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1799146", "chunk_text": "\"Fondant Garden\"\nan arranged marriage. He escapes and hides in Taiwan, pretending that he lost his memory and going by the name \"\"Han Ji.“ He is romantically interested in Zheng Mi En, even though he rarely shows his true feelings towards her but rather teasing and putting pranks on Mi En instead . Lead female character, the 22-year-old Fondant Garden's cake baker is cheerful, kind, and straightforward. Her mother died when she was really young. Unfortunately, her father, a talented baker and also her baking teacher, died in an accident after trying to deliver a birthday cake to a customer, thus leaving", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 28 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1843754", "chunk_text": "\"Layer Cake (novel)\"\ncomment, Morty flies into a rage and beats Freddy almost to death in the middle of the crowded café. Morty and the narrator flee, with the narrator deeply troubled by what he has just witnessed. That night, the narrator visits Gene at his flat. Gene goes over the beating in great detail and informs the narrator that if Freddy dies, the narrator is left with two options. He can either testify against Morty or he will go to prison as an accomplice to murder. Gene then goes on to explain that Freddy Hurst was an influential gangster in the late", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 29 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1029790", "chunk_text": "\"Layer Cake (novel)\"\nTrevor and Shanks, two powerful North England drug dealers. Upon their arrival, Shanks tells the narrator and his colleagues that the Yahoos have in fact stolen the pills from a neo-Nazi outfit in Amsterdam, and they used the narrator and Mortimers' names to gain credibility. Shanks tells the narrator that the Germans have unleashed an assassin named Klaus to recover the pills and eliminate the thieves. Unfortunately for the narrator, Klaus believes that he was the one who initiated the robbery. The meeting ends and Trevor invites the narrator to come to dinner at his house. The narrator has a", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 30 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15566262", "chunk_text": "\"The Cake Eaters\"\nof loss. Living in rural America, the Kimbrough family are a conflicted bunch: Easy, the patriarch and local butcher, is grieving over the recent loss of his wife, Ceci, while hiding a secret ongoing affair for years; Beagle, his youngest son who was left to care for his ailing mother, works in the local high school cafeteria by day but has a burning passion inside that manifests itself through painting street signs; and the eldest son, Guy, has been away from the family for years while pursuing his rock star dream in the big city until the day he learns", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 31 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16091604", "chunk_text": "\"Angelic Layer\"\nin the same universe as Clamp's later work \"\"Chobits\"\", which similarly deals with the relationship between humans, human-created devices, toys, and godlike power. Several characters also appear in Clamp's \"\"\"\" including most of the main characters, as well as the angel Blanche. The primary protagonist is Misaki Suzuhara. Despite her short appearance she is a seventh grader who just moved to Tokyo to live with her aunt, Shouko Asami. After arriving in the city outside of Tokyo Station, Misaki watches a battle between two dolls on a big live-screen called Angelic Layer, a highly popular game in which players (called", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 32 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8274456", "chunk_text": "\"Cake (TV series)\"\na teenage girl named Cake, who is very much into fashion and arts and crafts. Cake wishes to follow in the footsteps of her Grandma Crystal, who used to design costumes for a famous rock star. In her spare time, Cake also enjoys Irish dance and playing the bagpipes. She wears a pink T-shirt during \"\"Cake TV\"\" filming sessions. Like Cake, her best friend Miracle Ross also has an eye for fashion and art, except she believes in spending money in order to get the perfect gift rather than making it. In \"\"Miracle on Ice\"\", she wore a red T-shirt", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 33 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9346563", "chunk_text": "\"Layer Cake (novel)\"\nHeathrow Airport, where Temple is having the pills flown to Tokyo. When they arrive at the airport, Eddie and his private security team take them all hostage and take the pills. Temple takes the pills, telling the narrator that he is owed them as a result of the narrator causing Charlie distress. Temple then delivers a speech to the narrator, explaining the nature of the drugs game, crime and life in general: \"\"You're born, you take shit. Get out in the world, you take more shit. Climb a little higher, you take less shit. Until one day you're up in", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 34 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19018778", "chunk_text": "\"Time Sandwich\"\nhis sandwich, but she too becomes stuck in the bubble. Jake enters the bubble out of desperation, pouting, and is able to move at a normal pace. The rest figure this to be part of Magic Man's riddle, but Finn has to remind Jake to continue being sad as he runs. Jake thinks of Mr. Cupcake (Dee Bradley Baker) gaining the affections of Lady Rainicorn (Yang), Jake's lover, following his death, making Jake angry. Finn tells him to think of sad thoughts instead; Jake imagines Mr. Cupcake mourning Jake's death and the two reconciling, making Jake cry and allowing him", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 35 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9346562", "chunk_text": "\"Layer Cake (novel)\"\nhideout to steal back the pills. Cody and his team assault the hideout, posing as armed police. They allow the Yahoos to escape and they \"\"confiscate\"\" the pills. Gene and the narrator find the Yahoos in a run-down bar and convince them that the police who raided them were crooked and have taken the pills for themselves. The narrator had previously worked out a deal with Eddie Ryder to give Ryder the pills in return for 2.5 million pounds. Thinking that his job is finally complete, the narrator and his colleagues take the pills to Eddie Temple's bonded warehouse at", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 36 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18099582", "chunk_text": "\"Layer Cake (film)\"\n134 reviews. The critical consensus states that it is \"\"A stylized, electric British crime thriller\"\". The film has an average score of 73 based on 30 reviews on Metacritic. Roger Ebert of the \"\"Chicago Sun Times\"\" remarked, \"\"The movie was directed by Matthew Vaughn, who produced \"\"Lock, Stock and Two Smoking Barrels\"\" and \"\"Snatch\"\", and this one works better than those films because it doesn't try so hard to be clever and tries harder to be menacing\"\". Of Craig's performance, he said, \"\"Craig is fascinating here as a criminal who is very smart, and finds that is not an advantage", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 37 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9346564", "chunk_text": "\"Layer Cake (novel)\"\nthe rarified atmosphere and you've forgotten what shit even looks like. Welcome to the layer cake, son.\"\" Seemingly defeated, the narrator and his colleagues then discover that they have delivered the wrong boxes to Temple. The boxes were actually filled with sex toys and pornography that Morty had been able to sell at Loveland, the sex shop that he owned. The real pills had been shipped back to Amsterdam and to an unknown fate. Clarkie then tells Morty that had Freddie Hurst has died of his injuries, which could cause serious problems for Morty. The story then fast-forwards about three", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 38 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1029789", "chunk_text": "\"Layer Cake (novel)\"\nmore paranoid due to their cocaine use, and this paranoia leads Slasher to attack a member of the local council with pepper spray when he visits their home. Slasher also manages to kill one of the Duke's prized Dobermans, Mike Tyson, by shooting it. Sydney thinks the story is hilarious, but the narrator panics upon realising that the Duke probably had his number along with Mr. Mortimer's, and the police could very well have information on them now. The narrator sets about finding a buyer for the ecstasy pills, and he, Mortimer and Clarkie go to Liverpool to meet with", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 39 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2338463", "chunk_text": "\"Cake (2014 film)\"\ndisabled — and heavily scarred — as she struggles to cope with chronic pain. Claire is hostile to most people but manipulative and sweet to her pain management doctor who prescribes her the pain medication she needs to survive. Claire's husband, Jason, has finally left her, but she's assisted by her devoted housekeeper, Silvana, who has become both caretaker and chauffeur and who selflessly looks after all of Claire's needs. Because of the accident, Claire refuses to sit up in the car, and lies down while being driven everywhere. During a meeting of her chronic pain support group, Claire sarcastically", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 40 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4376686", "chunk_text": "\"A Piece of Cake: A Memoir\"\nshe and her brother were placed in an abusive stranger's foster home, along with several other children. Their foster mother, Diane, forced them to clean her entire house every day and physically abused them if she wasn't satisfied. Diane's biological daughter, Connie, is also portrayed as sadistic, reportedly deriving pleasure from tormenting Brown and the other children who resided in the foster home. For example, she is quick to point out to Brown that she is the real (biological) child of Diane as opposed to being a foster child. Brown believes that Connie feels entitled to cause trouble for the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 41 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20649365", "chunk_text": "\"Cake (2014 film)\"\nworker describes how long Nina stood there before she jumped, leading Claire to speculate that Nina was not 100 percent certain about killing herself. The worker responds that Nina was 100 percent successful in killing herself. Claire later dreams of walking out onto the overpass and jumping. Claire befriends Nina's depressed widower, Roy, who is angry at Nina for her selfish suicide, leaving him alone to raise their 5-year-old son. Expressing concern for Roy, Claire comes to his house at night, where she steals Nina's leftover percocet. Nina returns in Claire's dreams, chastising Claire for using people. Leonard, the drunk", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 42 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19555424", "chunk_text": "\"Un Samayal Arayil\"\nconversations do not go well at first, but a long-distance romance develops due to their common interest—cooking and food. Kalidasan is a born gourmet while Gowri is indulging in culinary activities in memory of her dead mother. Kalidasa starts to let Gowri into the secrets of baking with a multi-layered cake called \"\"Joan's Rainbow\"\". Kalidasa and Gowri both get the jitters before their first face-to-face meeting, as each becomes conscious of their own physical appearances, and both decide to send younger and better looking substitutes instead, Naveen and Meghana. When they meet, neither Naveen nor Meghana realises that the other", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 43 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9346561", "chunk_text": "\"Layer Cake (novel)\"\ntrain. The narrator lures Klaus to Primrose Park and lies in wait with the sniper. The narrator spots a tall blonde man in the park and, believing this man to be Klaus, orders the sniper to kill him, which he does. The narrator then realises that they have killed the wrong man and see Klaus run away from the scene. Gene flies into a rage when he hears what has happened, and dispatches some of his own men to find and kill Klaus, which they do. The narrator then contracts Cody to organise a false police raid on the Yahoos'", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 44 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2338469", "chunk_text": "\"Cake (2014 film)\"\nClaire meets Becky, a teen from Boise, who wants to become an actress. Claire agrees to drive Becky to LA and offers her $100 to make her a homemade cake. At home, Claire discovers a giant framed photo of Claire and her son on the wall. She breaks down crying and calls Jason to thank him. The next day, Claire discovers Becky stole her wallet and left, but made her the homemade cake she requested, which Claire brings to Roy. She visits her son's grave, where Silvana hangs up a wind chime in a nearby tree. On the ride home,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 45 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18099581", "chunk_text": "\"Layer Cake (film)\"\nhe hopes to avoid joining, XXXX is shot by a heart-broken Sidney. XXXX collapses bleeding and he lies twitching on the front steps while contemplating his possible death. Filming began in June 2003. Queen's Gate Mews, SW7, was used as the filming location for the home of Daniel Craig's character XXXX. The soundtrack from \"\"Layer Cake\"\" is composed of 14 tracks. The Rolling Stones song \"\"Gimme Shelter\"\" also features in the film but does not appear on the soundtrack album. \"\"Layer Cake\"\" received positive reviews, with an 81% \"\"fresh\"\" rating on Rotten Tomatoes with an average of 7.1/10 based on", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 46 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6378802", "chunk_text": "\"VA-11 HALL-A\"\nfor each character to curb redundancy and keep them unique. For example, \"\"Alma started originally as 'Christmas Cake', Stella started as 'Ojou-sama' (a young, upper-class anime stock character), and Betty as 'Grumpy Granola Girl'\"\". \"\"Non-conformity\"\" compared to traditional archetypes was a major factor in how Sukeban Games designed its characters, to be complex and \"\"not defined by one way\"\". Tropes were avoided; for example, Dorothy, an android sex worker, is portrayed with \"\"a unique kind of independence\"\" as opposed to \"\"an edgy character to make things feel more 'mature, which is the case with most other sex worker characters, according", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 47 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18099583", "chunk_text": "\"Layer Cake (film)\"\nbecause while you might be able to figure out what another smart person is about to do, dumbos like the men he works for are likely to do anything\"\". He gave the film 3.5/4 stars. Mick LaSalle of the \"\"San Francisco Chronicle\"\" remarked on the \"\"efficient, gripping story\"\" and wrote that Craig's performance as an improvising, \"\"intelligent amateur\"\" contained the \"\"cool-yet-humble vibe of Steve McQueen\"\". Craig's starring role in the film has been cited as the performance that led to his high-profile casting as James Bond. \"\"Layer Cake\"\" was released on DVD and VHS on 23 August 2005 and on", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 48 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7063651", "chunk_text": "\"Cake (2005 film)\"\nCake (2005 film) Cake is a 2005 romantic comedy film directed by Nisha Ganatra. It was released on December 2, 2005 in Canada and is rated R for language and sexual content. It stars Heather Graham as Pippa, David Sutcliffe as Ian, and Taye Diggs as Hemingway. The film follows the life of Pippa McGee (Heather Graham) as she takes a giant step between the ages of 29 and 30, which involves growing up, becoming responsible, and discovering true love. Pippa is a freelance travel writer who, after enjoying holidays in a Mexicanized Pamplona (Spain), comes home for a friend's", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 49 } ]
test_3512	who played the original steve mcgarrett on hawaii five-o?	n/a	[ "John Joseph Patrick Ryan", "Jack Lord" ]	[]	n/a	n/a	n/a	[]	[ { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10433284", "chunk_text": "\"Jack Lord\"\nThe nonprofit Jack Lord Memorial Fund, which raised the money for the memorial, was co-chaired by British \"\"Hawaii Five-O\"\" fan Esperanza Isaac and Lord's co-star Doug Mossman. Jack Lord John Joseph Patrick Ryan (December 30, 1920 – January 21, 1998), best known by his stage name, Jack Lord, was an American television, film and Broadway actor, director and producer. He was known for his starring role as Steve McGarrett in the CBS television program \"\"Hawaii Five-O\"\", which ran from 1968 to 1980. Born in Brooklyn, New York, Lord was the son of Irish-American parents. His father, William Lawrence Ryan, was", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 0 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13844400", "chunk_text": "\"Jack Lord\"\nJack Lord John Joseph Patrick Ryan (December 30, 1920 – January 21, 1998), best known by his stage name, Jack Lord, was an American television, film and Broadway actor, director and producer. He was known for his starring role as Steve McGarrett in the CBS television program \"\"Hawaii Five-O\"\", which ran from 1968 to 1980. Born in Brooklyn, New York, Lord was the son of Irish-American parents. His father, William Lawrence Ryan, was a steamship company executive. He grew up in Morris Park (now known as Richmond Hill), Queens, New York. As a child, Lord developed his equestrian skills on", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 1 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3711396", "chunk_text": "\"Robert Brown (American actor)\"\nknown to have done any on-camera work since that time. According to TV producer Perry Lafferty, Brown was initially cast to play Steve McGarrett in the original \"\"Hawaii Five-O\"\", but was replaced at the last minute by Jack Lord when producer Leonard Freeman decided Brown wasn't right for the role. Brown has done voiceover work for radio and television. He is also a writer working on short stories and a novel. Robert Brown (American actor) Robert Brown (born Robin Adair MacKenzie Brown; November 17, 1926) is a television actor who was most active in the 1960s and 1970s. Brown was", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 2 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7934413", "chunk_text": "\"Steve McGarrett\"\nSteve McGarrett Steve McGarrett is a fictional character who is the protagonist of CBS' \"\"Hawaii Five-O\"\". McGarrett is a former United States Navy officer and the leader of a special state police task force, which is called Five-O. McGarrett was originally portrayed by Jack Lord between 1968 and 1980, and later by Alex O'Loughlin in the series' remake in 2010. McGarrett is partner to Detective Danny \"\"Danno\"\" Williams. In the original show, Steve McGarrett was portrayed by Jack Lord from 1968 to 1980. McGarrett was a former United States Navy officer and Detective Captain in the Honolulu Police Department who", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 3 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18293203", "chunk_text": "\"Alex O'Loughlin\"\nAlex O'Loughlin Alex O'Loughlin (born 24 August 1976) is an Australian actor, writer and director, who plays Lieutenant Commander Steve McGarrett on CBS' remake of the TV series \"\"Hawaii Five-0\"\". He had starring roles in the films \"\"Oyster Farmer\"\" (2004) and \"\"The Back-up Plan\"\" (2010), as well as on such television series as \"\"Moonlight\"\" (2008) and \"\"Three Rivers\"\" (2009). O'Loughlin was born on 24 August 1976, in Canberra, Australia, of Irish and Scottish descent. His father is a physics and astronomy teacher in Sydney and his mother is a nurse. O'Loughlin suffered from obsessive-compulsive disorder when he was a child.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 4 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10879115", "chunk_text": "\"Steve McGarrett\"\nWahine A Me Ka Aina\"\", Steve was awarded the George Cross by Queen Elizabeth II for stopping a terrorist attack against Europe. In the pilot, Steve did not wear all of his medals and ribbons on his uniform, only the following awards: In \"\"\"\"Mea Makamae\"\"\"\", Steve wore the following medals and ribbons on his service khakis uniform: Steve McGarrett Steve McGarrett is a fictional character who is the protagonist of CBS' \"\"Hawaii Five-O\"\". McGarrett is a former United States Navy officer and the leader of a special state police task force, which is called Five-O. McGarrett was originally portrayed by", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 5 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13031532", "chunk_text": "\"Hawaii Five-O (1968 TV series)\"\nHawaii Five-O (1968 TV series) Hawaii Five-O is an American police procedural drama series produced by CBS Productions and Leonard Freeman. Set in Hawaii, the show originally aired for 12 seasons from 1968 to 1980, and continues in reruns. At the airing of its last episode it was the longest-running police drama in American television history. Jack Lord portrayed Detective Captain Steve McGarrett, the head of a special state police task force which was based on an actual unit that existed under martial law in the 1940s. The theme music composed by Morton Stevens became especially popular. Many episodes would", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 6 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15380818", "chunk_text": "\"Fort Trumbull\"\nand trained over 15,000 of the Merchant Marine officers who served during the Second World War. One of the Merchant Marine officers trained there was actor Jack Lord, who is best known for playing Steve McGarrett on the popular TV series \"\"Hawaii Five-O\"\" in the 1960s and 70s. The Fort was the site of a satellite campus of the University of Connecticut from 1946 to 1950, educating war veterans attending college under the GI Bill. During World War II, Fort Trumbull hosted an office of Columbia University's Division of War Research, which developed passive sonar systems. By 1946, this was", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 7 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1258057", "chunk_text": "\"Hawaii Five-O (1968 TV series)\"\nMan\"\". Freeman offered Richard Boone the part of McGarrett, but Boone turned it down; Gregory Peck and Robert Brown were also considered. Ultimately, Jack Lord – then living in Beverly Hills – was asked at the last moment. Lord read for the part on a Wednesday, was cast, and flew to Hawaii two days later. On the following Monday, Lord was in front of the cameras. Freeman and Lord had worked together previously on an unsold TV pilot called \"\"Grand Hotel\"\". Tim O'Kelly originated the role of Danny Williams in the pilot episode, \"\"Cocoon.\"\" Test audiences apparently weren't positive on", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 8 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18293210", "chunk_text": "\"Alex O'Loughlin\"\nto a girlfriend from whom he has since separated. He separated from his long-time girlfriend, Australian actress/singer Holly Valance, in February 2009. He and his then-girlfriend, Malia Jones have a son born in 2012. O'Loughlin and Jones married in Hawaii on 18 April 2014. They and their three sons (O'Loughlin's son, O'Loughlin and Jones' son, and Jones' son from a previous relationship) live in Hawaii where he films \"\"Hawaii Five-0\"\". He is the current ambassador for Donate Life America. Alex O'Loughlin Alex O'Loughlin (born 24 August 1976) is an Australian actor, writer and director, who plays Lieutenant Commander Steve McGarrett", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 9 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13031533", "chunk_text": "\"Hawaii Five-O (1968 TV series)\"\nend with McGarrett instructing his subordinate to \"\"Book 'em, Danno!\"\", sometimes specifying a charge such as \"\"murder one\"\". The CBS television network produced \"\"Hawaii Five-O\"\", which aired from September 20, 1968, to April 5, 1980. The program continues to be broadcast in syndication worldwide. Created by Leonard Freeman, \"\"Hawaii Five-O\"\" was shot on location in Honolulu, Hawaii, and throughout the island of Oahu and other Hawaiian islands with occasional filming in locales such as Los Angeles, Singapore, and Hong Kong. The show centers on a fictional state police force led by former US naval officer Steve McGarrett (played by Jack", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 10 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8063", "chunk_text": "\"Jack Lord\"\nLord helped conceive \"\"Hawaii Five-O\"\" and starred for its 12 seasons as Detective Stephen McGarrett, appointed by the Governor to head the (fictional) State Police criminal investigation department in Honolulu, Hawaii. The opening sequence includes a shot of Lord standing on a penthouse balcony of the Ilikai hotel. Chin Ho Kelly, the name of the police detective played by Kam Fong, was a tip-of-the-hat to Ilikai developer Chinn Ho. Lord's catchphrase, \"\"Book 'em, Danno!\"\", became a part of pop culture. He was instrumental in the casting of native Hawaiians, instead of mainland actors. Lord insisted his character drive Ford vehicles;", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 11 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2549992", "chunk_text": "\"Honolulu Police Department\"\nApril 1980. Until \"\"Law & Order\"\", \"\"Hawaii Five-O\"\" was the longest running crime series on American television. Jack Lord starred as Steve McGarrett, head of the elite state law enforcement office which worked alongside the chief of the Honolulu Police Department. James MacArthur starred as Danny Williams, McGarrett's right-hand man. McGarrett and \"\"Dano\"\" were straight-laced men with extreme dedication to law and justice fighting the forces of evil around the islands, especially in seedy downtown dives. Kam Fong Chun (who played Det. Chin Ho Kelly) was, in real life, a former HPD officer during World War Two. A modern-day remake", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 12 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11622632", "chunk_text": "\"Richard Boone\"\n\"\"Hawaii Five-O\"\" exclusively in Hawaii. Prior to that, Freeman had planned to do \"\"establishing\"\" location shots in Hawaii, but principal production in Southern California. Boone and others convinced Freeman that the islands could offer all necessary support for a major TV series and would provide an authenticity otherwise unobtainable. Freeman, impressed by Boone's love of Hawaii, offered him the role of Steve McGarrett; Boone turned it down, however, and the role went to Jack Lord, who shared Boone's enthusiasm for the region, which Freeman considered vital. Coincidentally, Lord had appeared alongside Boone in the first episode of \"\"Have Gun –", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 13 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10803834", "chunk_text": "\"Gerald S. O'Loughlin\"\nthe episode \"\"The Box\"\". O'Loughlin played the tough but sympathetic central figure of a group of prison inmates who take Hawaii Five-O chief Steve McGarrett (Jack Lord) hostage. The second was called \"\"Six Kilos\"\" on March 12, 1969 (playing the same character as in \"\"The Box\"\"), and the third was called \"\"A Time to Die\"\" on September 16, 1970. He also appeared on \"\"Cannon\"\" on February 22, 1972, in the episode \"\"Flight of the Hawks\"\". He also appeared on episode 16 of the TV show \"\"The Green Hornet.\"\" In Season 2 Episode 22 of Mission: Impossible, he played a killer", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 14 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1224561", "chunk_text": "\"Hawaii Five-0 (2010 TV series)\"\nOn September 8, 2016 it was announced that Borth would be returning as a guest for the shows 150th episode. Christine Lahti was also cast in a recurring role as Doris McGarrett, the thought-to-be-deceased mother of Steve McGarrett. On July 10, 2013 ahead of the show's fourth season it was announced that Chi McBride would have a guest spot in the first episode of the season. On November 21, 2013 it was announced that McBride would become a series regular beginning with the seasons 10th episode. After appearing as a guest star in several season four episodes, Jorge Garcia who", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 15 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1936090", "chunk_text": "\"Traci Lords\"\nto model for \"\"Penthouse\"\" magazine's 15th-anniversary issue, Kuzma was asked to choose a stage name. She chose Traci—one of the popular names she had longed for growing up—and Lords, after the actor Jack Lord, since she was a fan of the television series \"\"Hawaii Five-O\"\", in which he portrayed the character of Steve McGarrett. Some of her schoolmates recognized her in the \"\"Velvet\"\" magazine pictorial. Lords subsequently quit high school at age 15 and entered the sex industry, where formal education was irrelevant. The September 1984 issue, which featured Lords in a nude centerfold – she earned $5,000 for the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 16 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1224556", "chunk_text": "\"Hawaii Five-0 (2010 TV series)\"\nwas announced that Daniel Dae Kim had been cast to play Chin Ho Kelly, an ex-cop trained by Steve McGarrett's father. He was the first actor cast for the remake. Several days later, Alex O'Loughlin was cast as Steve McGarrett, the son of ex-cop John McGarrett (portrayed by William Sadler). The producers pay homage to the original series throughout the first year by making one of Steve's hobbies restoring his father's 1974 Mercury Marquis, which is in fact the actual car driven by Jack Lord in the latter half of the original series' run. Actress Grace Park was later cast", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 17 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5150668", "chunk_text": "\"Wo Fat\"\nWo Fat Wo Fat is the name of a fictional villain in the CBS series \"\"Hawaii Five-O.\"\" On the show, Wo Fat is the nemesis of Steve McGarrett (Jack Lord and Alex O'Loughlin), the head of Hawaii's (fictional) special task force, Five-O. The character appeared in eleven episodes of the original \"\"Hawaii Five-O\"\" including the TV-movie pilot and the final episode. Two of his appearances were in two-part episodes and three were two-hour specials later re-edited into two-parters for reruns. The character evolved from the beginning as a master spy for China, later into an extremist Chinese agent working with", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 18 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20212769", "chunk_text": "\"William Sadler (actor)\"\nMan 3\"\", in \"\"Marvel's Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D.\"\", and in \"\"WHIH Newsfront\"\". He also recurs as Steve McGarrett's murdered father, John McGarrett, in the 2010 remake of the 1968 television series, \"\"Hawaii Five-O\"\". Sadler was born in Buffalo, New York, the son of Jane and William Sadler. He is of mostly Scottish descent, with smaller amounts of English and German ancestry. From an early age, he took to performing in front of an audience. Playing a variety of stringed instruments, Sadler found hometown success during his high-school years at Orchard Park High School. He took on the persona as Banjo Bill", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 19 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13031559", "chunk_text": "\"Hawaii Five-O (1968 TV series)\"\nDarts player Wayne Mardle used the song as his walk-on song in 2013. The phrase \"\"Five-O\"\" (or any variation, such as \"\"5–0\"\", \"\"5-o\"\", and \"\"five O\"\", all usually pronounced \"\"five oh\"\") has come to refer to the police in the United States. \"\"Hawaii Five-O\"\" survived long enough to overlap with reruns of early episodes, which were broadcast by CBS in their late night schedule while new episodes were still being produced. Once the program entered syndication after the original run of the series, CBS broadcast reruns of season 12 in late night under the title \"\"McGarrett\"\" to avoid confusion with", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 20 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19162156", "chunk_text": "\"Pilot (Hawaii Five-0)\"\nsome time with HPD officers, as well as viewing some episodes of the original series as \"\"homework\"\" for the character. Alex O'Loughlin was next to be cast as the main protagonist Steve McGarrett. Despite playing two series on CBS, \"\"Moonlight\"\" and \"\"Three Rivers\"\", that were cancelled in their first year, CBS was still interested in having O'Loughlin headline another series. However, the producers initially had reservations casting the actor, until they realized his dedication towards the role. Grace Park was later cast as Kono Kalakaua. It is the second time she starred in a re-imagined television series in which her", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 21 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1258058", "chunk_text": "\"Hawaii Five-O (1968 TV series)\"\nO'Kelly, however, and the producers replaced him with James MacArthur. Kam Fong Chun, an 18-year veteran of the Honolulu Police Department, auditioned for the part of the lead villain Wo Fat, but Freeman cast him in the part of Chin Ho Kelly instead. Freeman took the name Wo Fat from a restaurant in downtown Honolulu. The name Chin Ho came from Chinn Ho, the owner of the Ilikai Hotel where the penthouse shot of Steve McGarrett in the opening title sequence was taken. Richard Denning, who played the governor, had retired to Hawaii and came out of retirement for the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 22 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19277724", "chunk_text": "\"Wo Fat\"\nMahoney was largely based on Wo Fat, and then adapted to the gritty Baltimore setting of their series. Wo Fat also has a U.S. stoner rock band named after him. They released an album in 2012 entitled \"\"The Black Code\"\" which features powerful riffs and has been compared to a cross between Kyuss and Electric Wizard. Wo Fat Wo Fat is the name of a fictional villain in the CBS series \"\"Hawaii Five-O.\"\" On the show, Wo Fat is the nemesis of Steve McGarrett (Jack Lord and Alex O'Loughlin), the head of Hawaii's (fictional) special task force, Five-O. The character", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 23 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9385249", "chunk_text": "\"Monte Markham\"\nMonte Markham Monte Markham (born June 21, 1935) is an American actor. He has appeared in films, television series and on Broadway. Markham was born in Manatee County, Florida, the son of Millie Content (née Willbur) and Jesse Edward Markham Sr., who was a merchant. Of his television roles, Markham is perhaps most famous for playing the dual role of Luke and Ken Carpenter in the 1967–68 ABC sitcom \"\"The Second Hundred Years\"\", and as Harry Kellem in the original Hawaii Five-O. Another of Markham's best known roles was as the racing-car-driver-turned-cyborg Barney Miller in the second-season episode of \"\"The", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 24 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7808373", "chunk_text": "\"Alan Vint\"\nAlan Vint Alan Richard Vint (November 11, 1944 – August 16, 2006) was an American character actor. Vint was born in Tulsa, Oklahoma. He appeared in a number of supporting roles during the 1970s in films such as \"\"The McMasters\"\" (1970), \"\"Two-Lane Blacktop\"\" (1971), \"\"The Panic in Needle Park\"\" (1971), \"\"Welcome Home, Soldier Boys\"\" (1971), \"\"Unholy Rollers\"\" (1972), \"\"Badlands\"\" (1973), \"\"Macon County Line\"\" (1974), \"\"Earthquake\"\" (1974), \"\"Breakout\"\" (1975), \"\"Checkered Flag or Crash\"\" (1977) and \"\"The Lady in Red\"\" (1979). He also made guest appearances on such television series as \"\"Centennial\"\", \"\"Police Story,\"\" \"\"Emergency!\"\", \"\"Hawaii Five-O\"\", \"\"Adam-12\"\", \"\"Lou Grant\"\" and \"\"Baretta\"\".", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 25 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13031534", "chunk_text": "\"Hawaii Five-O (1968 TV series)\"\nLord), a detective captain, who is appointed by the Governor, Paul Jameson. In the show, McGarrett oversees state police officers – the young Danny Williams, veteran Chin Ho Kelly, and streetwise Kono Kalakaua for seasons one through four. Honolulu Police Department Officer Duke Lukela joined the team as a regular, as did Ben Kokua, who replaced Kono beginning with season five. Occasionally, McGarrett's Five-O team is assisted by other officers as needed: Douglas Mossman as Det. Frank Kamana, P.O. Sandi Wells (Amanda McBroom), medical examiner Doc Bergman (Al Eben), forensic specialist Che Fong (Harry Endo), and a secretary. The first", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 26 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10964739", "chunk_text": "\"Gilbert Lani Kauhi\"\nKauhi died in Hilo at the age of 66 from complications due to diabetes. Per his wishes, his ashes were scattered off Waikiki. Uncredited Gilbert Lani Kauhi Gilbert Francis Lani Damian Kauhi (October 17, 1937 – May 3, 2004), also known by the stage names Zulu and Zoulou, was an American actor and comedian. He is remembered largely for his portrayal of Kono Kalakaua on the long-running television program \"\"Hawaii Five-O\"\". Kauhi was born in Hilo on the \"\"Big Island\"\" of Hawaii. He began his career in Honolulu as a stand-up comedian, mimic, and singer, described by one journalist as", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 27 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16051225", "chunk_text": "\"Douglas Mossman\"\nDouglas Mossman Douglas Mossman, also credited as Doug Mossman, is an American actor known for his recurring role as Detective Frank Kamana on the original \"\"Hawaii Five-O\"\" from 1974 to 1976. In addition to playing the role of Kamana, Mossman played twelve additional characters during the series 12 year run. He also had roles on \"\"Hawaiian Eye\"\" and other productions shot in Hawaii. Mossman is of Hawaiian ancestry and is an alum of Kamehameha Schools and a 1958 graduate of the Pasadena Playhouse College of Theater Arts. \"\"Hawaiian Eye\"\" gave him his first TV role as Moke, a security guard.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 28 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18785233", "chunk_text": "\"Gilbert Lani Kauhi\"\nGilbert Lani Kauhi Gilbert Francis Lani Damian Kauhi (October 17, 1937 – May 3, 2004), also known by the stage names Zulu and Zoulou, was an American actor and comedian. He is remembered largely for his portrayal of Kono Kalakaua on the long-running television program \"\"Hawaii Five-O\"\". Kauhi was born in Hilo on the \"\"Big Island\"\" of Hawaii. He began his career in Honolulu as a stand-up comedian, mimic, and singer, described by one journalist as \"\"part Godfrey Cambridge, part Zero Mostel\"\". His nightly live show was a popular attraction at C'est Si Bon Supper Club in the Waikiki section", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 29 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11048494", "chunk_text": "\"Herman Wedemeyer\"\nHerman Wedemeyer Herman John Wedemeyer (May 20, 1924 – January 25, 1999) was an American actor, football player, and politician. He is best known for portraying Sergeant/Detective \"\"Duke\"\" Lukela on the crime drama \"\"Hawaii Five-O\"\" (1972–1980). He also appeared on the first episode of \"\"Hawaii Five-O\"\" as Lt. Balta of Honolulu Police Department. Wedemeyer attended St. Louis School in Honolulu and was a standout in both football and baseball. Wedemeyer, a halfback, played college football for the St. Mary's College Galloping Gaels in Moraga, CA. In 1945, he finished fourth in the Heisman Trophy voting, and he was inducted into", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 30 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1224567", "chunk_text": "\"Hawaii Five-0 (2010 TV series)\"\nMcGarrett in \"\"Hawaii Five-O\"\" is a 1974 Mercury Marquis. The car has belonged to stuntman John Nordlum since the original series ended. Nordlum has let the car be used in the new series, where it is said to have belonged to Steve McGarrett's father John. The license plate is still F6-3958. The series premiered in the United States on CBS on September 20, 2010, exactly 42 years after the premiere of the original series. Canada's Global TV and NTV premiered the show at the same time as the United States premiere. \"\"Hawaii Five-0\"\" has been syndicated for broadcast in several", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 31 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "64925", "chunk_text": "\"Tori Richard\"\n“Best Adapted Screenplay.” Working with costume designer Wendy Chuck, CEO Josh Feldman and his team provided George Clooney's shirts for many of the movie scenes. Tori Richard also provides shirts for Alex O’Loughlin (Steve McGarrett) and Daniel Dae Kim (Chin Ho Kelly) in “Hawaii Five-0,” as it did for Jack Lord's Steve McGarrett in the original television series from 1968 to 1980. Musicians, such as Sammy Hagar and, Jimmy Buffett, have worn Tori Richard shirts in their performances, and some artists have worn them on their album covers. Tori Richard designed the signature shirts for the more than 2,000 volunteers", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 32 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10879101", "chunk_text": "\"Steve McGarrett\"\nTask Force\"\", later renamed \"\"Five-0\"\". When McGarrett assembles his task force, he partners with Williams. Since returning to Hawaii, McGarrett has lived in his childhood home at Piikoi Street along the beach, where his father continued to live in after the break-up of his family and was murdered. Although technically a \"\"haole\"\" like Danny, Steve is accepted as \"\"kama'aina\"\" as he was not only born in Hawaii, but was raised to respect and embrace the local culture. In several episodes, he is shown to be conversant in \"\"bird\"\" (Hawaiian Pidgin). As such, he was not antagonized as much as Danny", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 33 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10879109", "chunk_text": "\"Steve McGarrett\"\nHK416 rifle. Besides his father's vintage Marquis, McGarrett drives a blue Chevrolet Silverado. Its license plate registration number is F6-3958, which was also used by Jack Lord's character in the original series. In \"\"No Ke Ali'i' Wahine A Me Ka Aina\"\", Steve and Danny, along with an MI-6 officer (Chris Vance) are awarded the George Cross by Queen Elizabeth II for stopping a terrorist attack against Europe. Despite the fact that he is no longer on full-time active duty, McGarrett's military background and SEAL training are still evident in his daily routine and habits; he still takes a \"\"Navy shower\"\",", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 34 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2530394", "chunk_text": "\"Lani Kai\"\nKelly the series from 1960-1962. He had also played the part of Carl Tanami in the 1961 film \"\"Blue Hawaii\"\". Between the late 60s and early 70s, he appeared in a few \"\"Hawaii Five-O\"\" episodes. In one the episode \"\"The Joker's Wild, Man, Wild!\"\", he played the part of Billy Hona. It also starred Beverlee McKinsey. Lani Kai Lani Kai (born George Clarence Dennis James Von Ruckleman Woodd III, August 15, 1936 – August 29, 1999) was a Hawaiian singer and actor. He had a role in the Elvis Presley film \"\"Blue Hawaii\"\" and was a regular cast member of", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 35 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20498948", "chunk_text": "\"Scott Grimes\"\nScott Grimes Scott Richard Grimes (born July 9, 1971) is an American actor, voice artist, singer, and songwriter. Some of his most prominent roles include appearances in \"\"ER\"\" as Dr. Archie Morris, \"\"Party of Five\"\" as Will McCorkle, \"\"Band of Brothers\"\" as Technical Sergeant Donald Malarkey, and the animated sitcom \"\"American Dad!\"\", voicing Steve Smith. He is also well known by cult movie fans for his role as Bradley Brown in the first two \"\"Critters\"\" films. As of September 10, 2017, he has been a regular on the Fox sci-fi comedy-drama \"\"The Orville\"\". As a singer, Grimes is best known", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 36 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20948886", "chunk_text": "\"Lane Bradford\"\nLane Bradford Lane Bradford (born John Myrtland Le Varre Jr., August 29, 1922 – June 6, 1973) was an American actor, who appeared in over 250 films and television series between 1940 and 1973, specializing in supporting \"\"tough-guy\"\" roles predominantly in Westerns but also in more contemporary crime dramas such as \"\"Dragnet\"\", \"\"The Fugitive\"\", and \"\"Hawaii Five-O\"\". Lane Bradford was born in 1922 in Yonkers, New York, the son of American actor John Merton. Merton himself also had an extensive acting career between 1927 and 1959, performing almost exclusively in films, although he appeared as well in some early television", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 37 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17406033", "chunk_text": "\"Glenn Cannon\"\nas president of the Hawaii chapter of the Screen Actors Guild and its successor group, SAG-AFTRA. Cannon was a Professor of Theatre at the University of Hawaii at Manoa and also co-Director of the UH-Manoa Cinematic and Digital Arts program. Glenn Cannon Glenn Cannon (November 21, 1932 – April 20, 2013) was a American actor and educator best known for his roles on \"\"Hawaii Five-O\"\" and \"\"Magnum, P.I.\"\" He also appeared on \"\"Lost\"\" in a pair of different roles. Cannon's career began back to the 1950s with roles in shows like \"\"Alfred Hitchcock Presents\"\", \"\"The Outer Limits\"\" and \"\"Combat!\"\". On", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 38 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17243273", "chunk_text": "\"The Tao of Steve\"\nnever mentions St. John's College, the film includes many visual and verbal references to the seminar-based Great Books program taught there. Dex (Logue) is an unlikely Lothario - an overweight, thirtysomething part-time kindergarten teacher - who has developed an effective method for seducing women. \"\"The Tao of Steve\"\", Dex's own personal pseudophilosophy on seduction, combines a Taoist outlook with the qualities embodied by TV characters such as Steve Austin (\"\"The Six Million Dollar Man\"\") and Steve McGarrett (\"\"Hawaii Five-O\"\") and, above all, by the actor Steve McQueen. He meets up with Syd, an old college conquest whom he can't remember,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 39 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10801328", "chunk_text": "\"Don Stroud\"\n\"\"Top Gun\"\". He made a brief appearance in the new \"\"Hawaii Five-0\"\" on October 10, 2011. In the second season's fourth episode, entitled \"\"Mea Makamae\"\", which means 'Treasure' in Hawaiian, Stroud played a bartender. Don Stroud Donald Lee Stroud (born September 1, 1943) is an American actor, drummer, and surfer. Stroud has appeared in many films in the 1960s, 1970s and 1980s, and has starred in over 100 films and 175 television shows to date. Stroud was born and grew up in Honolulu, Hawaii, the son of comedian and vaudevillian Clarence Stroud (of the Stroud Twins), and singer Ann Livermore", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 40 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8034814", "chunk_text": "\"Maura McGiveney\"\nMaura McGiveney Maura McGiveney (19391990) was an English-American film and television actress during the 1960s and 1970s. She appeared several times in such TV series as \"\"Hawaii Five-0\"\" and \"\"Perry Mason,\"\" \"\"The Virginian\"\" (Day of the Scorpion), \"\"The Hollywood Palace,\"\" \"\"Adam-12,\"\" \"\"McHale's Navy,\"\" \"\"My Three Sons,\"\" \"\"Peter Gunn,\"\" \"\"The Fugitive,\"\" \"\"The Flying Nun,\"\" \"\"Death Valley Days,\"\" and \"\"Dr. Kildare\"\". McGiveney earned a Golden Globe nomination from the Hollywood Foreign Press Association as Most Promising Newcomer of 1966 for her role as Claire Hackett in the farce \"\"Do Not Disturb\"\" with Doris Day and Rod Taylor. She was also in the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 41 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13031552", "chunk_text": "\"Hawaii Five-O (1968 TV series)\"\nseries now airs Friday nights at 9 PM Eastern, 8 PM Central time. The remake version \"\"Hawaii Five-0\"\" uses the same principal character names as the original, and the new Steve McGarrett's late father's vintage 1974 Mercury Marquis is the actual specimen driven by Lord in the original series's final seasons. The new series opening credit sequence is an homage to the original; the theme song is cut in half, from 60 to 30 seconds, but is an otherwise identical instrumentation. Most of the iconic shots are replicated, beginning with the helicopter approach and close-up turn of McGarrett at the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 42 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13031538", "chunk_text": "\"Hawaii Five-O (1968 TV series)\"\nespionage and national intelligence. McGarrett's nemesis is a rogue intelligence officer of the People's Republic of China named Wo Fat. The communist rogue agent was played by veteran actor Khigh Dhiegh. In the show's final episode in 1980, titled \"\"Woe to Wo Fat\"\", McGarrett finally sees his foe go to jail. Unlike the reboot the show's action and straightforward storytelling left little time for personal stories involving wives or girlfriends, though a two-part story in the first season dealt with the loss of McGarrett's sister's baby. Occasionally, a show would flash back to McGarrett's younger years or to a romantic", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 43 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11540375", "chunk_text": "\"Don Ralke\"\nThe Cappetta Company was a group that featured Suzie Cappetta. In the 1960s she wrote the song \"\"Dave Hull, the Hullabalooer\"\" which she and her grioup the Scuzzies recorded. Ralke did the arrangements on the Cappetta Company's single \"\"Me And Bobby McGee\"\" / \"\"Gimme' That\"\", which was produced by Ken Jenkins and engineered by Stan Ross. Hawaiian based Tongan singer/actor Vic Malo worked with Ralke. Malo in the late 1970s appeared as Billy Swan in \"\"Hawaii Five-O\"\". Also known as Vic Mataele, he was a fencing instructor, and related to the King of Tonga, Tāufaʻāhau Tupou IV. Ralke produced his", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 44 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16578368", "chunk_text": "\"John Larch\"\nWells Fargo,\"\" starring Dale Robertson; and on May 23, 1960, as Isaiah and Rebecca Macabee in the episode \"\"The Proud Earth\"\" of the half-hour NBC anthology series \"\"Goodyear Theatre\"\". On November 9, 1960, Larch and Janiss appeared as Ben and Sarah Harness in the episode \"\"The Cathy Eckhart Story\"\" of NBC's \"\"Wagon Train\"\", with Susan Oliver in the starring role. Then on December 19, 1968, the couple appeared again together in the tenth episode \"\"Yesterday Died and Tomorrow Won't Be Born\"\" of Jack Lord's CBS crime drama \"\"Hawaii Five-O\"\". John Larch John Larch (October 4, 1914 – October 16, 2005),", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 45 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17043718", "chunk_text": "\"Richard Denning\"\nDenning played Steve Scott in the comedy series \"\"Karen\"\". In later life, he had a recurring role as the fictitious governor of Hawaii, Paul Jameson, in the CBS television crime drama series, \"\"Hawaii Five-O\"\" (1968–1980), starring Jack Lord. He appeared three times on the ABC religion anthology series \"\"Crossroads\"\", as Dr. Ira Langston in \"\"Chinese Checkers\"\" (1955) and as the Reverend George Bolton in \"\"The Bowery Bishop\"\" and as the Reverend Lloyd E. Williams in \"\"The Pure White Orchid\"\" (both 1956). According to Denning, his military service effectively disrupted his acting career, and after his discharge from military service it", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 46 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1144437", "chunk_text": "\"Herschel Daugherty\"\nHerschel Daugherty Herschel Daugherty (October 27, 1910 – March 5, 1993) was an American television and film director and occasional actor. Born in Clarks Hill, Indiana, Daugherty directed various episodes of popular television shows such as \"\"Gunsmoke\"\" (1955), \"\"Alfred Hitchcock Presents\"\" (1955), \"\"Crusader\"\" (1955), and \"\"Wagon Train\"\" (1957). In 1957, he won a Directors Guild of America Award (along with Richard Birnie) for his work on \"\"General Electric Theater\"\". Daugherty went on to direct episodes of \"\"Rawhide\"\" (1959), \"\"Bonanza\"\" (1959), \"\"The Man from U.N.C.L.E.\"\" (1964), \"\"\"\" (1966), \"\"The Time Tunnel\"\" (1966), \"\"Hawaii Five-O\"\" (1968), \"\"The Smith Family\"\" (1971–72), \"\"Emergency!\"\" (1972)", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 47 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7587931", "chunk_text": "\"Gavin MacLeod\"\nMortimer Hershey in \"\"The Case of the Grinning Gorilla\"\", and Dan Platte in \"\"The Case of the Runaway Racer\"\". He played the role of a drug pusher, \"\"Big Chicken\"\", in two episodes of the first season of \"\"Hawaii Five-O\"\". Other guest roles include \"\"The Untouchables\"\", \"\"Dr. Kildare\"\", \"\"Rawhide\"\", \"\"Gomer Pyle, U.S.M.C.\"\", \"\"The Man from U.N.C.L.E.\"\", \"\"My Favorite Martian\"\", \"\"Hogan's Heroes\"\", \"\"Combat!\"\", \"\"The Big Valley\"\", \"\"The Andy Griffith Show\"\", \"\"It Takes a Thief\"\", \"\"The Flying Nun\"\", \"\"The King of Queens\"\", and \"\"That '70s Show.\"\" His first regular television role began in 1962 as Joseph \"\"Happy\"\" Haines on \"\"McHale's Navy\"\"; he left", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 48 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20151572", "chunk_text": "\"Ka ʻōwili ʻōka’i\"\n5, 2018 it was revealed that the episode would be a remake of the pilot from the original series, Hawaii Five-O, also entitled \"\"Cocoon\"\". On August 22, 2018 it was reported by TV Line that Rochelle Aytes had been cast in a guest role as a character named Greer. The character portrays a CIA operative and a former romantic interest of O'Loughlin's character, Steve McGarrett. Mark Dacascos returned as Wo Fat for the first time since the season 5 episode \"\"Ina Paha\"\". Despite being credited in the opening title sequence Ian Anthony Dale, Taylor Wily, and Dennis Chun were absent", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 49 } ]
test_3513	what year did return of the mack come out?	n/a	[ "18 March 1996", "March 1996", "1996" ]	[]	n/a	n/a	n/a	[]	[ { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15203703", "chunk_text": "\"Return of the Mack\"\nReturn of the Mack \"\"Return of the Mack\"\" is a song written and recorded by the British R&B singer Mark Morrison. It was released in the United Kingdom in March 1996 and topped the UK Singles Chart a month later. It reached the number-one spot on the UK Singles Chart in April 1996 and number 2 on the US \"\"Billboard\"\" Hot 100 in June 1997 for one week behind \"\"MMMBop\"\" by Hanson, and went Platinum. The song's beat is sampled from the song \"\"Genius of Love\"\" by American band Tom Tom Club. \"\"Games\"\" by Chuckii Booker was also sampled. CD", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 0 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13120875", "chunk_text": "\"Return of the Mack (album)\"\nReturn of the Mack (album) Return of the Mack is the debut studio album by English singer-songwriter Mark Morrison. It was first released through his Mack Life Records imprint in the United Kingdom and then released by Atlantic Records in the United States, with distribution via Warner Music Group on April 22, 1996. The album includes a well-known popular song \"\"Return of the Mack\"\", in which the song stayed for a remarkable forty-one weeks on the US \"\"Billboard\"\" charts. Upon its release, \"\"Return of the Mack\"\" received mixed reviews from music critics, who praised Morrison's strong voice and entertaining songs,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 1 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4851876", "chunk_text": "\"Return of the Mack\"\ndigital download through Straightforward Music, Nourishing Music, and Capitol Records on 23 September 2016. This song has since received commercial successful by peaking inside top 20 in Australia, Ireland, New Zealand, and the United Kingdom, while received chart appearance in many other countries. In 2012 \"\"Return of the Mack\"\" was sampled again in a song by Trae Tha Truth called \"\"I'm On\"\" which samples the opening vocals from \"\"Return of the Mack\"\" and features MDMA, Lupe Fiasco, Big Boi, Wale & Wiz Khalifa. And in June 2012, he made a remix called \"\"I'm On 2.0\"\". Return of the Mack \"\"Return", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 2 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9778100", "chunk_text": "\"Mark Morrison\"\nMark Morrison Mark Morrison (born 3 May 1972) is a British R&B singer. His single, \"\"Return of the Mack\"\", became a No. 1 or Top 10 hit in several European countries in 1996. The song peaked at No. 2 in the United States the following year. Born in Hannover, West Germany, to Bajan parents, he grew up in Highfields, Leicester, United Kingdom and attended Rushey Mead School (now Rushey Mead Academy), before moving to Miami. At the age of 19, he moved back to Britain. Mark Morrison's first official recording was the 1993 vinyl release, \"\"Where Is Our Love\"\", pressed", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 3 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9778112", "chunk_text": "\"Mark Morrison\"\nclassic, entitled \"\"Return of the Mac and Cheetos\"\". In August 2017, Emma Hamilton was chosen by Mark to sing the vocals on his hit single \"\"Return of The Mack.\"\" This is currently in progress and being remixed with Emma featuring in the updated music video. Mark Morrison Mark Morrison (born 3 May 1972) is a British R&B singer. His single, \"\"Return of the Mack\"\", became a No. 1 or Top 10 hit in several European countries in 1996. The song peaked at No. 2 in the United States the following year. Born in Hannover, West Germany, to Bajan parents, he", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 4 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17828043", "chunk_text": "\"Return of the Mack (album)\"\nalbum was largely self-produced by Morrison, and was recorded over a two-year period. The album's release was preceded by the release of three singles. At the 1997 BRIT Awards held on 24 February 1997, he performed \"\"Return of the Mack\"\". The debut song \"\"Crazy\"\" became a top 20 hit in the UK. It was later featured in the 1997 film \"\"\"\" and appeared on the film's . The second single was \"\"Let's Get Down\"\". \"\"Return of the Mack\"\" received mixed reviews from music critics. \"\"Entertainment Weekly\"\" writer Matt Diehl wrote \"\"its title, \"\"Return of the Mack\"\" sounds like another rap", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 5 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4851875", "chunk_text": "\"Return of the Mack\"\ntones courtesy of Iyaz. \"\"Mann, he was buzzed, and he's on my level, Snoop fo shizzles as he continues to heap praise on the rising star. With such an endorsement, that ever-tricky second single shouldn't be an issue for long\"\", rewarding it three of five stars. Swedish DJ Nevada released a cover version of the song titled \"\"The Mack\"\", twenty years after the release of the original version. Nevada's cover features the vocal collaboration of Mark Morrison and American rapper Fetty Wap. The song was written by Morrison, William Maxwell, Pyramids in Paris, and Jonathan White. It was released to", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 6 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3402621", "chunk_text": "\"Return of the Mack\"\nsingle – US CD single – Europe 12\"\" maxi – US 12\"\" maxi – Europe American hip-hop/rap artist Mann released a cover version of the song, featuring vocals from Snoop Dogg and Iyaz. His version is simply titled \"\"The Mack\"\". The single was released in the United Kingdom on 23 May 2011 as a digital download. The Music Video premiered on Mann's YouTube Channel on 28 June. It was released in the United States on 5 July 2011. A music video to accompany the release of \"\"The Mack\"\" was first released onto YouTube on June 23, 2011 at a total", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 7 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1006286", "chunk_text": "\"Return of the Mack\"\nlength of three minutes and fifty-five seconds. It features Mann, Iyaz and Snoop Dogg, at a pool party that starts off in the day into the night and they are surrounded by women. Mark is also shown entering London Heathrow airport and then driving a car. Lewis Corner of Digital Spy gave the song a positive review stating, \"\"I'm tryin' to bag a chick from a centerfold and I'm tryin' burn bread like it's gonna be toast,\"\" the pint-sized rapper curiously explains between an instantly recognisable chorus that samples Mark Morrison's '96 classic 'Return Of The Mack' – the robotic", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 8 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13120876", "chunk_text": "\"Return of the Mack (album)\"\nbut described the album as having weak production. The album stayed for thirty-eight weeks on the UK Albums Chart, where it debuted and peaked at number 4, and became a certified platinum by British Phonographic Industry (BPI). On the US \"\"Billboard\"\" 200, the album reached a peak of a number 76, however, it would eventually became a certified platinum by Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA), due to the success of the single \"\"Return of the Mack\"\". The album has since sold over 3 million copies worldwide. The album made Morrison the first artist in British pop history to have", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 9 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12112226", "chunk_text": "\"The Mack\"\ntowards the Black Panthers' milk fund. The film was screened in theatres in only about 20 mostly black communities. Distributors avoided theatres in predominantly white neighborhoods due to a belief the film would do better in black areas. According to director Michael Campus, despite low distribution the film outgrossed \"\"The Godfather\"\" in the cities in which it played. In its original 1973 release from Cinerama Releasing and its 1978 reissue by AIP, \"\"The Mack\"\" featured a score by Willie Hutch. In 1983, Producers Distribution Company and Blossom Pictures reissued the film, to capitalize on the resurgent popularity of Richard Pryor", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 10 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10514436", "chunk_text": "\"The Mack\"\nThe Mack The Mack is a 1973 blaxploitation film directed by California native Michael Campus, starring Max Julien and Richard Pryor. The film also stars Oscar-nominee Juanita Moore, and Tony nominated actor Dick Anthony Williams. Filmed in Oakland, California the movie follows the rise and fall of Goldie. After returning home from a 5-year prison sentence, he returns home to find his brother involved in Black nationalism. Goldie decides to take an alternative path, striving to become the city’s biggest pimp. Although the movie was produced during the era of such blaxploitation movies as \"\"Dolemite\"\", its producers do not label", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 11 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12112228", "chunk_text": "\"The Mack\"\nwas present. The New Line DVD release restored the original Willie Hutch score to the film. The Mack The Mack is a 1973 blaxploitation film directed by California native Michael Campus, starring Max Julien and Richard Pryor. The film also stars Oscar-nominee Juanita Moore, and Tony nominated actor Dick Anthony Williams. Filmed in Oakland, California the movie follows the rise and fall of Goldie. After returning home from a 5-year prison sentence, he returns home to find his brother involved in Black nationalism. Goldie decides to take an alternative path, striving to become the city’s biggest pimp. Although the movie", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 12 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10210935", "chunk_text": "\"Tremain Mack\"\nTremain Mack Tremain Ferrell Mack (born November 21, 1974), also known as T-Mack, is a retired professional American football player in the National Football League (NFL). He played four years for the Cincinnati Bengals, primarily as a return specialist. In 1998, he finished second in the AFC, with 1,165 yards on 45 returns. He was later selected to the 2000 Pro Bowl. Mack retired as the Bengals all-time leader in kick return yards with 3,583. Mack is currently the head coach of the Mount Rainier High School Rams. Mack was born in Tyler, Texas and attended Chapel Hill High School.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 13 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1640353", "chunk_text": "\"Return of the Mac\"\nYou\"\". Return of the Mac Return of the Mac is the first collaboration studio album by American rapper Prodigy of Mobb Deep and producer The Alchemist, released on March 27, 2007 through E1 Music. The album was intended to be a mixtape serving as a prequel to Prodigy's next album, \"\"H.N.I.C. Pt. 2\"\", but was released as a traditional album due to the unexpected level of quality of the record. The album was produced by The Alchemist (who is featured on the cover) and it features songs sampled from the Blaxploitation era. \"\"Return of the Mac\"\" debuted at number thirty-two", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 14 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13120880", "chunk_text": "\"Return of the Mack (album)\"\ntale of gangsta paradise; instead, Mark Morrison comes off more like a funked-up Seal, promising revenge to a deceitful lover in a warbly croon.\"\" He goes onto add, \"\"the end result is an odd but infectious new-jack-swing variation on Hey Joe, buoyed by bubbly beats and the insistent title refrain.\"\" Return of the Mack (album) Return of the Mack is the debut studio album by English singer-songwriter Mark Morrison. It was first released through his Mack Life Records imprint in the United Kingdom and then released by Atlantic Records in the United States, with distribution via Warner Music Group on", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 15 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1640351", "chunk_text": "\"Return of the Mac\"\nReturn of the Mac Return of the Mac is the first collaboration studio album by American rapper Prodigy of Mobb Deep and producer The Alchemist, released on March 27, 2007 through E1 Music. The album was intended to be a mixtape serving as a prequel to Prodigy's next album, \"\"H.N.I.C. Pt. 2\"\", but was released as a traditional album due to the unexpected level of quality of the record. The album was produced by The Alchemist (who is featured on the cover) and it features songs sampled from the Blaxploitation era. \"\"Return of the Mac\"\" debuted at number thirty-two on", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 16 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11264709", "chunk_text": "\"Kevin Campbell (footballer)\"\nMark Morrison, who released the hit tune \"\"Return of the Mack\"\" in 1994. But in December 2004, with the artist still signed to 2 Wikid, Campbell was forced to obtain a court injunction against rival label Jet Star, in order to prevent it from releasing Morrison's album \"\"Innocent Man\"\". The injunction was lifted shortly afterwards The first single released by 2 Wikid was that of Panjabi MC's tune \"\"Backstabbers\"\", a remix of Morrison's original song, which had been released in 2004. Campbell is a big fan of his erstwhile clubs Arsenal and Everton. His son Tyrese Campbell is also a", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 17 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13120878", "chunk_text": "\"Return of the Mack (album)\"\nnumber 8 on the \"\"Billboard\"\" 200 year-end chart for 1997 and was certified platinum by the Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA). Morrison became the first black male solo artist to reach number one on the UK Singles Chart in the 1990s. In 1997, he received four Brit Awards nominations, a Mercury Prize nomination, a MTV's Europe Music Awards nomination, and five Music of Black Origin Awards (MOBO) nominations. He would win the Best R&B song in the 1996's MOBO Awards for \"\"Return of the Mack\"\". The album was released on through his own record label, Mack Life Records. The", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 18 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10514437", "chunk_text": "\"The Mack\"\nit a true blaxploitation picture. They believe it to be a social commentary, according to \"\"Mackin' Ain't Easy\"\", a documentary about the making of the film, which can be found on the DVD edition. Its soundtrack was recorded by Motown artist Willie Hutch. Though reviews were less than favorable upon initial release, The Mack is considered by many to be the best of its genre. After returning home from a five-year prison sentence, John \"\"Goldie\"\" Mickens, has a plan to achieve money and power in Oakland, California by becoming a pimp. Goldie’s criminal ways juxtapose his brother Olinga’s Black Nationalist", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 19 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13120877", "chunk_text": "\"Return of the Mack (album)\"\nfive top ten singles from a debut album to chart on the UK Singles Chart. These singles included \"\"Let's Get Down\"\", \"\"Return of the Mack\"\", \"\"Crazy (Remix)\"\", \"\"Trippin'\"\", \"\"Horny\"\" and \"\"Moan and Groan\"\". The first single \"\"Crazy\"\" became a top twenty hit in the United Kingdom, a remix was also released, which peaked at number 6 in the United Kingdom. The single, \"\"Return of the Mack\"\" has become an international hit for spending two weeks at number one on the UK Singles Chart, and one week at number 2 on the US \"\"Billboard\"\" Hot 100. The song was listed at", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 20 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16778753", "chunk_text": "\"Return of the Product\"\nReturn of the Product Return of the Product is the only solo studio album by former 3rd Bass member MC Serch. It was released August 25, 1992 on Def Jam Recordings/Columbia Records/Sony Music Entertainment. Recording sessions took place at Chung King Studios in New York City, at Chapel Studios and Red Chamber Studios in Los Angeles. Production was handled by T-Ray, Skeff Anselm, Epic Mazur and Richard Wolf, with MC Serch serving as executive and co-producer. It features guest appearances from Chubb Rock, Joe Fatal, Nas and Red Hot Lover Tone. The album peaked at number 103 on the Billboard", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 21 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20096059", "chunk_text": "Cutfather\nCutfather Cutfather (born Mich Hedin Hansen; 9 April 1968) is a Danish music producer, songwriter, remixer and DJ, based in Copenhagen, Denmark. Cutfather has a studio on Njalsgade, Copenhagen. Cutfather is perhaps best known for his remix of \"\"Return of the Mack\"\" by Mark Morrison (1996), and the song \"\"Superstar\"\" released internationally by Jamelia in 2003. In 2015, \"\"Up\"\" performed by Olly Murs featuring Demi Lovato, written and produced alongside Daniel Davidsen and Peter Wallevik, became an international hit. Cutfather has worked with Danish producer Jonas Jeberg. Together they wrote and produced for Pussycat Dolls, Kylie Minogue, Pixie Lott, The", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 22 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19039178", "chunk_text": "\"Michael J McEvoy\"\nand guitar. During this period he recorded extensively in the studio, arranging strings on several Soul II Soul tracks, co-producing the James Taylor Quartet album \"\"Supernatural Feeling\"\" and playing keyboards and guitar on the hit record by Mark Morrison, \"\"Return of the Mack\"\" (1995). His involvement with Steve Winwood began in 1994 when Winwood decided to reform Traffic. The group embarked on a 88 date tour of the USA and Europe including performing at Woodstock '94. One of the original musicians in the group, bass player Rosko Gee, recommended McEvoy who he had worked with previously. Throughout the 90s McEvoy", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 23 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5539383", "chunk_text": "\"The Mack\"\nand Roger Mosley (the latter a co-star on hit TV series \"\"Magnum P.I.\"\"), and commissioned a new score by Alan Silvestri featuring vocals by Gene McDaniels. The reissue poster advertised a soundtrack release on Posh Boy Records, but the album was released on the ALA Enterprises label; it is now out of print and highly collectible. To differentiate it from the original score, fans have referred to it as \"\"The Mack and His Pack,\"\" based on a catch phrase used on the reissue poster. When the film was initially licensed to Embassy Home Entertainment for home video, the Silvestri score", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 24 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "985945", "chunk_text": "\"Little Mack Simmons\"\nmusic with \"\"High & Lonesome\"\" (1995), an early success for St. George Records, an independent record label. His energetic style, accompanied by Studebaker John, belied his years. \"\"Come Back to Me Baby\"\" (1996), with featured sidemen John Primer, Willie Kent and Jake Dawson (guitarist), was also well received. Simmons died of colon cancer on October 24, 2000, in his adopted hometown of Chicago; he was 67. Little Mack Simmons Malcolm \"\"Little Mack\"\" Simmons (January 25, 1933 – October 24, 2000) was an American Chicago blues harmonica player, singer, and songwriter. Simmons was born in Twist, Arkansas. In his youth, he", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 25 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13409727", "chunk_text": "\"Return to Me\"\nReturn to Me Return to Me is a 2000 American romantic comedy-drama film directed by Bonnie Hunt and starring David Duchovny and Minnie Driver. It was filmed in Chicago and was released on April 7, 2000 by Metro–Goldwyn–Mayer. It was Carroll O'Connor's final film before his death the following year. Bob and Elizabeth Rueland (David Duchovny and Joely Richardson) live and work in Chicago — Bob as an architect, Elizabeth as a zoologist at Lincoln Park Zoo. On the night of her fundraiser for a new primate house, Bob promises Elizabeth he'll finish the building. Elizabeth is killed in a", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 26 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20096061", "chunk_text": "Cutfather\nCutfather would replace Soulshock in season four of \"\"The X Factor\"\" in Denmark. He joined returning judge Pernille Rosendahl and former judge Thomas Blachman. Cutfather won in his first season with Sarah Skaalum Jørgensen. After completing the fifth season (his second season), Cutfather left \"\"X Factor\"\" and was replaced by Anne Linnet. Cutfather Cutfather (born Mich Hedin Hansen; 9 April 1968) is a Danish music producer, songwriter, remixer and DJ, based in Copenhagen, Denmark. Cutfather has a studio on Njalsgade, Copenhagen. Cutfather is perhaps best known for his remix of \"\"Return of the Mack\"\" by Mark Morrison (1996), and the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 27 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14858063", "chunk_text": "\"The Man Who Came Back (2008 film)\"\nThe Man Who Came Back (2008 film) The Man Who Came Back is a 2008 American film directed by Glen Pitre. It stars Eric Braeden, Billy Zane, George Kennedy, and Armand Assante. Set in southern Louisiana, it is loosely based on the 1887 sugar strike in four parishes and violence that erupted in the Thibodaux Massacre. \"\"The Man Who Came Back\"\" is loosely based on the Thibodaux massacre. This was the culmination of the largest strike in the sugar cane industry, when 10,000 workers stopped labor, and the first to be conducted by a formal labor organization, the Knights of", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 28 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14498090", "chunk_text": "\"Operation: Get Down\"\nOperation: Get Down Operation: Get Down is the second and final studio album by rapper Craig Mack, released in June 1997, three years after his successful debut album \"\"\"\". After his split from Bad Boy Records, Mack's popularity quickly went downhill; \"\"Operation: Get Down\"\" failed to reach Gold status by the Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA), and also failed to produce a hit single. Following the release, Craig disappeared from the hip hop industry for a decade, with the exception of a few guest spots and soundtrack appearances until his death from heart failure on March 12, 2018. Wade", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 29 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3945882", "chunk_text": "\"Return of the Kane\"\nReturn of the Kane \"\"Return of the Kane\"\" is the sixth episode of the first season of the American mystery television series \"\"Veronica Mars\"\". The episode's teleplay was written by Phil Klemmer, with story by series creator Rob Thomas and was directed by Sarah Pia Anderson. The episode premiered on UPN on November 2, 2004. The series depicts the adventures of Veronica Mars (Kristen Bell) as she deals with life as a high school student while moonlighting as a private detective. In this episode, Veronica investigates a potentially rigged student election after her ex-boyfriend Duncan Kane (Teddy Dunn) wins over", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 30 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8392900", "chunk_text": "\"Brice Mack\"\nconsult for Disney into the early 1990s, when he retired. His feature work includes directing the 1978 live-action horror film \"\"Jennifer\"\", written by Steve Krantz. Other director credits include \"\"Rooster: Spurs of Death\"\" (1983), \"\"Swap Meet\"\" (1979), and \"\"Half a House\"\" (1979). He was the executive in charge of production for \"\"Ruby\"\" and the producer of \"\"Mara of the Wilderness\"\". Mack was survived by his wife, Ginni, three sons and three grandsons. His son Kevin Mack is an Academy Award–winning visual effects supervisor. Brice Mack was awarded the Golden Motion Picture Cartoonist award in 1987. Writer: Two Gun Goofy (1952)", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 31 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17556409", "chunk_text": "\"Return of the Terror\"\nReturn of the Terror Return of the Terror is a 1934 American mystery film directed by Howard Bretherton and written by Peter Milne and Eugene Solow. The film stars Mary Astor, Lyle Talbot, John Halliday, and Frank McHugh, and features Robert Barrat and Irving Pichel. The film was released by Warner Bros. on July 7, 1934. It was a loose remake of the 1928 film \"\"The Terror\"\", based on Edgar Wallace's play of the same name. A.D.S. of \"\"The New York Times\"\" said, \"\"\"\"The Return of the Terror\"\" has been managed with the usual Hollywood skill in the physical properties,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 32 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17556407", "chunk_text": "\"Return of the Terror\"\nReturn of the Terror Return of the Terror is a 1934 American mystery film directed by Howard Bretherton and written by Peter Milne and Eugene Solow. The film stars Mary Astor, Lyle Talbot, John Halliday, and Frank McHugh, and features Robert Barrat and Irving Pichel. The film was released by Warner Bros. on July 7, 1934. It was a loose remake of the 1928 film \"\"The Terror\"\", based on Edgar Wallace's play of the same name. A.D.S. of \"\"The New York Times\"\" said, \"\"\"\"The Return of the Terror\"\" has been managed with the usual Hollywood skill in the physical properties,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 33 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4842479", "chunk_text": "\"The Return of Jafar\"\nfor a speedy follow-up. \"\"The Return of Jafar\"\" was first released on VHS in the United States on May 20, 1994, being the first installment of Walt Disney Home Video collection series. In its first two days, it had sold more than 1.5 million VHS copies. By June 1994, more than 4.6 million VHS copies were sold in less than a week. In the United States, more than ten million copies were sold, ranking among the top 15 top-selling videos of all time (at the time), earning $150 million in profits. The film eventually sold 15million units and grossed approximately", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 34 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2521717", "chunk_text": "\"Batman Returns\"\nthe sequel score, such as the \"\"scraping\"\" on violins for the cat themes. Under the pressure of finishing the score, however, the relationship between the two strained, which — along with further \"\"creative differences\"\" on \"\"The Nightmare Before Christmas\"\" — led Burton to use Howard Shore to score his next film \"\"Ed Wood\"\". The musician co-orchestrated \"\"Face to Face\"\", which was written and performed by Siouxsie and the Banshees. The song can be heard in one scene during the film and during the end credits. \"\"Batman Returns\"\" was released in America on June 19, 1992, earning $45.69 million in 2,644", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 35 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14433001", "chunk_text": "\"Return of the Jedi\"\nas director. The production team relied on Lucas' storyboards during pre-production. While writing the shooting script, Lucas, Kasdan, Marquand, and producer Howard Kazanjian spent two weeks in conference discussing ideas to construct it. Kazanjian's schedule pushed shooting to begin a few weeks early to allow Industrial Light & Magic more time to work on the film's effects in post-production. Filming took place in England, California, and Arizona from January to . Strict secrecy surrounded the production. The film was released in theaters on May 25, 1983, six years to the day after the release of the first film, receiving mostly", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 36 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17240136", "chunk_text": "\"Mack Trucks\"\nLightning McQueen's transport, an animated 1985 Mack Super-Liner voiced by John Ratzenberger. Ratzenberger's father drove a Mack truck to deliver oil for three decades. On the \"\"Disney/Pixar Road Trip '06\"\", which promoted the film in a four-month tour of forty-one cities, \"\"Mack\"\" is a 2006 CH Rawhide 460-horsepower Mack truck carrying an Eddie Paul customised Trans Am as \"\"Lightning\"\". CEO Denny Slagle took part in CBS' \"\"Undercover Boss\"\" in 2011. In the 2001 movie \"\"Vanilla Sky\"\", a green mack truck almost crashes into David Aames's mustang, stopping just in time. Mack Trucks Mack Trucks, Inc., is an American truck–manufacturing company", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 37 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18704151", "chunk_text": "\"The Return (1980 film)\"\nThe Return (1980 film) The Return is a 1980 American science fiction film directed by Greydon Clark. It stars Jan-Michael Vincent, Cybill Shepherd, Martin Landau, and Raymond Burr. It met little commercial success and was released directly to television and video. While stopping at a gas station late one night in a small New Mexico town called Little Creek, a young girl gets out of the vehicle while her father goes inside. Exploring the empty main street of the town she meets a local boy, and both are soon mesmerized by a column of light from above. After a minute", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 38 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14285581", "chunk_text": "\"Song of Return\"\nSong of Return Song of Return are a Scottish indie rock band from Glasgow. The band consists of Craig Grant (vocals/guitar), Louis Abbott (guitar/vocals), Dave Reekie (bass), Alex McNutt (programming/keyboards), and Pete Kelly (drums). Song of Return was the winner of the Tartan Clef Big Apple Award on 13 October 2011. The band's live performances have been well received, with The Scotsman remarking that \"\"the combined vocal prowess of Craig Grant and Louis Abbott, coupled with top drawer musicianship throughout the band, makes for an enthralling prospect.\"\" The band was formed by Craig Grant and Chris Gordon (formerly of Baby", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 39 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2581882", "chunk_text": "\"Mac Dre\"\nDoo Dumb\"\". It was released April 28, 1998. Following those albums, Hicks met with Executive Producer Bernard Gourley and recorded the album \"\"Rapper Gone Bad\"\" with production help from Tone Capone, Lev Berlak, and Warren G. In 1998, Hicks relocated to Sacramento to distance himself from his home neighborhood in Vallejo. Around this time Hicks founded the Thizz Entertainment label, which is now managed by Hicks' mother, Wanda Salvatto, as Thizz Entertainment LLC. After Hicks and other Thizz Entertainment members had performed a show in Kansas City, Missouri on October 31, 2004, unidentified gunmen shot at the group's van as", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 40 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9778104", "chunk_text": "\"Mark Morrison\"\nfirearm aboard an airliner for which he served three months just as his hit song \"\"Return of the Mack\"\" began rising up the US \"\"Billboard\"\" charts. In 1998, he failed to appear in court on charges of possessing an offensive weapon, choosing to instead fly to Barbados. He was arrested and remanded into custody upon his return to the United Kingdom. He was later cleared of the offensive weapon charge. In 1999, there was an altercation with a local youth in Leicester city centre named later as Matthew Milnes in which an altercation escalated so seriously that the police had", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 41 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4310908", "chunk_text": "\"The Return (2006 film)\"\nThe Return (2006 film) The Return is a 2006 American horror thriller film directed by Asif Kapadia and starring Sarah Michelle Gellar, Kate Beahan, Peter O'Brien, and Sam Shepard. It was released theatrically on November 10, 2006, and on DVD on February 27, 2007. The Blu-ray was released on October 6, 2009. Joanna Mills (Sarah Michelle Gellar), a travelling rep for a trucking company, is dedicated to her successful career but something of a loner. Since the age of 11 she has been a troubled person, with episodes of self-mutilation and menacing visions. Normally she avoids returning to her native", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 42 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18077789", "chunk_text": "\"Return of the Frontiersman\"\nReturn of the Frontiersman Return of the Frontiersman is a 1950 American Western film directed by Richard L. Bare and written by Edna Anhalt. The film stars Gordon MacRae, Julie London, Rory Calhoun, Jack Holt, Fred Clark and Edwin Rand. The film was released by Warner Bros. on June 24, 1950. After the territory of Laramie, Wyoming has had law and order restored by men known as the Frontiersman, sheriff Sam Barrett has a peaceful town. At least until a fight breaks out between his grown son, Logan, and a man named Kearney who's been wounded by one of Logan's", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 43 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4249682", "chunk_text": "\"Baby Got Back\"\nBaby Got Back \"\"Baby Got Back\"\" is a 1992 hip hop song written and recorded by American rapper Sir Mix-a-Lot, which appeared on his album \"\"Mack Daddy\"\". The song samples the 1986 Detroit techno single \"\"Technicolor\"\" by Channel One. At the time of its original release, the song caused controversy with its outspoken and blatantly sexual lyrics about women, as well as specific references to the female buttocks which some people found objectionable. The song's music video was briefly banned by MTV. It was the second best-selling song in the US in 1992, behind Boyz II Men's \"\"End of the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 44 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13088092", "chunk_text": "\"Sir Mix-a-Lot\"\nto the Def American label, which also bought the rights to his first two albums, and released his third album \"\"Mack Daddy\"\" in 1992. The single \"\"Baby Got Back\"\" was a number-one hit that went double platinum and won the 1993 Grammy Award for Best Rap Solo Performance. MTV aired the music video for the song only after 9 PM because of \"\"many, many, complaints.\"\" In 1993, Sir Mix-a-Lot collaborated with Seattle-based grunge group Mudhoney for the song \"\"Freak Momma\"\" on the \"\"Judgment Night\"\" soundtrack. In 1994, he released \"\"Chief Boot Knocka\"\" and the album reached #69 on the Billboard", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 45 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "633186", "chunk_text": "\"Ronnie Mack\"\nin accepting the award on his behalf gave a moving speech. Songwriters Lamont Dozier and Eddie Holland, who were also at the event, were inspired by the speech, remembered Mack's name, and co-wrote the song \"\"Jimmy Mack\"\", with its chorus of \"\"Jimmy Mack, when are you comin' back?\"\". Recorded by Martha and the Vandellas in 1964, \"\"Jimmy Mack\"\" became a major hit for the group in 1967. Bright Tunes Music, the company which owned the rights to \"\"He's So Fine\"\", won a notable lawsuit against George Harrison, starting in 1971, for subconscious plagiarism of Mack's tune in writing \"\"My Sweet", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 46 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14376104", "chunk_text": "\"The Return of Roger Miller\"\nThe Return of Roger Miller The Return of Roger Miller is the second studio album of country music singer-songwriter Roger Miller. It was released under the Smash Records label in 1965. It reached #2 on the country album charts and #4 on the \"\"Billboard\"\" 200, and was ultimately certified as Gold by the RIAA. Two singles were released from the album, \"\"Do-Wacka-Do\"\" and \"\"King of the Road.\"\" The latter was the biggest crossover hit of Miller's career reaching the top of the country, adult contemporary, and English singles charts, and peaking in the top ten in the Billboard 100 and", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 47 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5930892", "chunk_text": "\"Hootie Mack\"\nHootie Mack Hootie Mack is the second studio album released by R&B group, Bell Biv DeVoe. It was released on June 1, 1993 through MCA Records and featured production from the group itself and some of R&B's top producers such as Chris Stokes, L.A. Reid and Babyface. As the follow-up to the group's 4x multi-platinum debut album, \"\"Poison\"\", expectations were high. Although \"\"Hootie Mack\"\" wasn't as successful as Poison, however, the album peaked at 19 on the \"\"Billboard\"\" 200 and 6 on the Top R&B Albums. Two singles made it to the charts \"\"Something In Your Eyes\"\" and \"\"Above the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 48 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12325846", "chunk_text": "\"Hooray for Boobies\"\n\"\"Billboard\"\" 200 chart. However, the album reached number one in Australia, Austria, and Germany. Since its release in 1999, the album has sold over four million copies internationally. Five singles were released from the album: \"\"Along Comes Mary\"\", \"\"The Bad Touch\"\", \"\"The Ballad of Chasey Lain\"\", \"\"Mope\"\", and \"\"The Inevitable Return of the Great White Dope\"\". \"\"The Bad Touch\"\" was listed on 14 different charts worldwide, and reached number one on five of them. In March 1995, the Bloodhound Gang signed a record deal with Columbia Records and released their debut studio album, \"\"Use Your Fingers\"\", that July, but were", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 49 } ]
test_3514	the xix of the social security act of 1965 established?	n/a	[ "Medicaid" ]	[]	n/a	n/a	n/a	[]	[ { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16824260", "chunk_text": "\"Social Security Act\"\nSocial Security Act The Social Security Act of 1935 , now codified as , created Social Security in the United States, and is relevant for US labor law. It created a basic right to a pension in old age, and insurance against unemployment. In the Second New Deal, the Social Security Act was signed into law by President Franklin D. Roosevelt on August 14, 1935. The act laid the groundwork for the modern welfare system in the United States, with its primary focus to provide aid for the elderly, the unemployed, and children. Industrialization and the urbanization in the 19th", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 0 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7512138", "chunk_text": "\"Social Security Amendments of 1965\"\nwhich became known as Medicare, includes Part A, which provides hospital insurance for the aged, and Part B, which provides supplementary medical insurance. Title XIX, which became known as Medicaid, provides for the states to finance health care for individuals who were at or close to the public assistance level with federal matching funds. On July 30, 1965, President Johnson signed the bill, making it Public Law 89-97. The signing took place in Independence, Missouri and was attended by Harry S. Truman. Johnson credited Truman with \"\"planting the seeds of compassion and duty which have today flowered into care for", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 1 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3234786", "chunk_text": "\"Social Security Amendments of 1965\"\nSocial Security Amendments of 1965 The Social Security Amendments of 1965, , was legislation in the United States whose most important provisions resulted in creation of two programs: Medicare and Medicaid. The legislation initially provided federal health insurance for the elderly (over 65) and for poor families. Many politicians were involved in drafting the final bill that was introduced to the United States Congress in March 1965. On July 30, 1965 President Lyndon B. Johnson signed the bill into law. The concept of national health insurance began in the early 20th century in the United States and then came to", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 2 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1992474", "chunk_text": "\"Social Security (United States)\"\nSocial Security (United States) In the United States, Social Security is the commonly used term for the federal Old-Age, Survivors, and Disability Insurance (OASDI) program and is administered by the Social Security Administration. The original Social Security Act was signed into law by President Franklin Roosevelt in 1935, and the current version of the Act, as amended, encompasses several social welfare and social insurance programs. Social Security is funded primarily through payroll taxes called Federal Insurance Contributions Act tax (FICA) or Self Employed Contributions Act Tax (SECA). Tax deposits are collected by the Internal Revenue Service (IRS) and are formally", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 3 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16824264", "chunk_text": "\"Social Security Act\"\nit is the introduction of the cost-of-living adjustment (COLA). Approved June 28, 1952 Public Law 82-420 H.R.7800 Approved, July 18, 1952 Public Law 82-590 H.R.9366 Approved September 1, 1954 Public Law 83-761 Approved September 1, 1954 Public Law 83-767 Title XV H.R.7544 Approved, October 24, 1963 Public Law 88-156 Title XVII H.R.6675 Approved, July 30, 1965 Public Law 89-97 Title XVIII Title XIX In the 1930s, the Supreme Court struck down many pieces of Roosevelt's New Deal legislation, including the Railroad Retirement Act. The Court threw out a centerpiece of the New Deal, the National Industrial Recovery Act, the Agricultural", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 4 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7512139", "chunk_text": "\"Social Security Amendments of 1965\"\nthe sick and serenity for the fearful\"\". Implementation of the amendments required extensive data processing and the re-configuration of hospital policies nationwide. Social Security Amendments of 1965 The Social Security Amendments of 1965, , was legislation in the United States whose most important provisions resulted in creation of two programs: Medicare and Medicaid. The legislation initially provided federal health insurance for the elderly (over 65) and for poor families. Many politicians were involved in drafting the final bill that was introduced to the United States Congress in March 1965. On July 30, 1965 President Lyndon B. Johnson signed the bill", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 5 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4107527", "chunk_text": "\"History of Social Security in the United States\"\nHistory of Social Security in the United States A limited form of the Social Security program began as a measure to implement \"\"social insurance\"\" during the Great Depression of the 1930s, when poverty rates among senior citizens exceeded 50 percent. The Social Security Act was enacted August 14, 1935. The Act was drafted during President Franklin D. Roosevelt's first term by the President's Committee on Economic Security, under Frances Perkins, and passed by Congress as part of the New Deal. The Act was an attempt to limit what were seen as dangers in the modern American life, including old age,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 6 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4107528", "chunk_text": "\"History of Social Security in the United States\"\npoverty, unemployment, and the burdens of widows and fatherless children. By signing this Act on August 14, 1935, President Roosevelt became the first president to advocate federal assistance for the elderly. The Act provided benefits to retirees and the unemployed, and a lump-sum benefit at death. Payments to current retirees are financed by a payroll tax on current workers' wages, half directly as a payroll tax and half paid by the employer. The act also gave money to states to provide assistance to aged individuals (Title I), for unemployment insurance (Title III), Aid to Families with Dependent Children (Title IV),", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 7 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1292946", "chunk_text": "\"Social Security (United States)\"\nhave had a Social Security number because it is requested by a wide range of businesses. In 2015, Social Security expenditures totaled $750.5 billion for OASDI and $146.6 billion for DI. Income derived from Social Security is currently estimated to have reduced the poverty rate for Americans age 65 or older from about 40% to below 10%. In 2018, the trustees of the Social Security Trust Fund reported that the program will become financially insolvent in the year 2034. Social Security Timeline A limited form of the Social Security program began, during President Franklin D. Roosevelt's first term, as a", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 8 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16886586", "chunk_text": "\"Social Security Administration\"\nthe Social Security Acts originally extended to nearly all workers in the continental U.S. and the territories of Alaska, Hawaii, Guam and the Commonwealth of the Northern Marianas Islands below the age of 65. All workers in interstate commerce and industry were required to enter the program, except railroad, state and local government workers. In 1939, the age restriction for entering Social Security was eliminated. Railroad workers were covered by the Railroad Retirement Board before Social Security was founded. Today, they still are, though a portion of each railroad pension is designated as \"\"equivalent\"\" to Social Security. Railroad workers also", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 9 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4107568", "chunk_text": "\"History of Social Security in the United States\"\nwage earning among men and women in the Social Security system. History of Social Security in the United States A limited form of the Social Security program began as a measure to implement \"\"social insurance\"\" during the Great Depression of the 1930s, when poverty rates among senior citizens exceeded 50 percent. The Social Security Act was enacted August 14, 1935. The Act was drafted during President Franklin D. Roosevelt's first term by the President's Committee on Economic Security, under Frances Perkins, and passed by Congress as part of the New Deal. The Act was an attempt to limit what were", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 10 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3234787", "chunk_text": "\"Social Security Amendments of 1965\"\nprominence during the Truman administration. Between 1958 and 1964, controversy grew and a bill was drafted. The signing of the act, as part of Johnson's Great Society, began an era with a greater emphasis on public health issues. Medicare and Medicaid became the United States' first public health insurance programs. The legislation was vigorously opposed by the American Medical Association until it had been enacted, following which the AMA cooperated in its implementation. In 1912 Theodore Roosevelt included social insurance for sickness in the platform of his Progressive Party (United States, 1912). Around 1915 the group American Association for Labor", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 11 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7512131", "chunk_text": "\"Social Security Amendments of 1965\"\nbill to Congress. The Conservative coalition dominated the House Ways and Means Committee, which complicated attempts to pass social health programs. Wilbur Mills (D-AR), chair of the committee, later played a role in creating the health care program that was integrated into the Social Security Act. In 1960, the Kerr-Mills Act created the Medical Assistance for the Aged (MAA) program which gave states the power to decide which patients needed financial assistance. The federal government would provide matching funds to the states for the program. Some states did not participate or abide by the Act. Another preliminary bill, the King-Anderson", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 12 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13757696", "chunk_text": "Medicaid\nservice, regardless of whether or not it is covered on that particular Medicaid plan. The Social Security Amendments of 1965 created Medicaid by adding Title XIX to the Social Security Act, 42 U.S.C. §§ 1396 et seq. Under the program, the federal government provides matching funds to states to enable them to provide medical assistance to residents who meet certain eligibility requirements. The objective is to help states provide medical assistance to residents whose incomes and resources are insufficient to meet the costs of necessary medical services. Medicaid serves as the nation's primary source of health insurance coverage for low-income", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 13 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1437261", "chunk_text": "\"First and second terms of the presidency of Franklin D. Roosevelt\"\nIn January 1935, Roosevelt proposed the Social Security Act, which he prevented as a more practical alternative to the Townsend Plan. After a series of congressional hearings, the Social Security Act became law in August 1935. During the congressional debate over Social Security, the program was expanded to provide payments to widows and dependents of Social Security recipients. Job categories that were not covered by the act included workers in agricultural labor, domestic service, government employees, and many teachers, nurses, hospital employees, librarians, and social workers. The program was funded through a newly established a payroll tax which later became", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 14 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13757662", "chunk_text": "\"Great Society\"\nby making its benefits available to everyone over sixty-five, regardless of need, and by linking payments to the existing private insurance system. In 1966 welfare recipients of all ages received medical care through the Medicaid program. Medicaid was created on July 30, 1965 under Title XIX of the Social Security Act of 1965. Each state administers its own Medicaid program while the federal Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services (CMS) monitors the state-run programs and establishes requirements for service delivery, quality, funding, and eligibility standards. A number of improvements were made to the Social Security program in terms of both", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 15 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5839450", "chunk_text": "\"Medicare (United States)\"\nConference on Aging in January 1961, in which creating a health care program for social security beneficiaries was proposed. In July 1965, under the leadership of President Lyndon Johnson, Congress enacted Medicare under Title XVIII of the Social Security Act to provide health insurance to people age 65 and older, regardless of income or medical history. Johnson signed the bill into law on July 30, 1965 at the Harry S. Truman Presidential Library in Independence, Missouri. Former President Harry S. Truman and his wife, former First Lady Bess Truman became the first recipients of the program. Before Medicare was created,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 16 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4107551", "chunk_text": "\"History of Social Security in the United States\"\nWidows of covered workers were allowed to retire at 62 without the reduction in benefits. In 1961, retirement at age 62 was extended to men, and the tax rate was increased to 6.0%. In 1962, the changing role of the female worker was acknowledged when benefits of covered women could be collected by dependent husbands, widowers, and children. These individuals, however, had to be able to prove their dependency. Medicare and Medicaid were added in 1965 by the Social Security Act of 1965, part of President Lyndon B. Johnson's \"\"Great Society\"\" program. In 1965, the age at which widows could", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 17 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "987679", "chunk_text": "\"Supplemental Security Income\"\nthe Social Security Administration. Thus, SSI was created to eliminate the differences between the states including different disability standards and income and resources requirements, which many perceived as irrational or unfair. President Nixon signed the Social Security Amendments of 1972 on October 30, 1972 which created the SSI Program. The SSI program officially began operations in January 1974 by federalizing states' programs, designating the Social Security Administration (SSA) to administer the SSI program. SSA was selected because it had been administering a nationwide adult disability program under the Social Security Disability Insurance Benefits (DIB) program since 1956 for workers who", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 18 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13757848", "chunk_text": "\"Social Security Act\"\nthis even division on the Court, the holding of the Washington Supreme Court, finding the minimum wage statute constitutional, would stand. As Hughes desired a clear and strong 5–4 affirmation of the Washington Supreme Court judgment, rather than a 4–4 default affirmation, he convinced the other justices to wait until Stone's return before both deciding and announcing the case. Two Supreme Court rulings affirmed the constitutionality of the Social Security Act. Social Security Act The Social Security Act of 1935 , now codified as , created Social Security in the United States, and is relevant for US labor law. It", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 19 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7512133", "chunk_text": "\"Social Security Amendments of 1965\"\non the King-Anderson Bill drafted a new bill providing coverage of the aged, limited hospitalization and nursing home insurance benefits, and Social Security financing. Wilbur Cohen, Assistant Secretary for Legislation of the Department of Health, Education and Welfare (and later Secretary), pushed the Medicare bill. Cohen convinced Johnson to give the bill high priority, and Johnson declared its importance to his Great Society program. The bill was introduced as companion bills, H.R. 1 and S. 1, given the numbers as the first bill introduced in each House of the new Congress. The groups previously opposed to the legislation switched their", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 20 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16886580", "chunk_text": "\"Social Security Administration\"\nnamed the 12th best place to work in the U.S. federal government (out of 18 large agencies). The Social Security Act created a Social Security Board (SSB), to oversee the administration of the new program. It was created as part of President Franklin D. Roosevelt's New Deal with the signing of the Social Security Act of 1935 on August 14, 1935. The Board consisted of three presidentially appointed executives, and started with no budget, no staff, and no furniture. It obtained a temporary budget from the Federal Emergency Relief Administration headed by Harry Hopkins. The first counsel for the new", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 21 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5075898", "chunk_text": "\"Social Security Act\"\nthe spouse and minor children of a retired worker (called dependents benefits) and survivors benefits paid to the family in the event of the premature death of the worker. The 1939 Amendments also increased benefit amounts and accelerated the start of monthly benefit payments from 1942 to 1940. S.2051 Approved, October 3, 1944 Public Law 78-458 Title XII H.R.7037 Approved, August 10, 1946 Public Law 79-719 Title XIII H.R.6000 Approved August 28, 1950 Public Law 81-734 These amendments raised benefits for the first time and placed the program on the road to the virtually universal coverage it has today. Specifically", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 22 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3234788", "chunk_text": "\"Social Security Amendments of 1965\"\nLegislation attempted to introduce a medical insurance bill to some state legislatures. These attempts were not successful, and as a result controversy about national insurance came about. National groups supporting the idea of government health insurance included the AFL-CIO, the American Nurses Association, National Association of Social Workers, and the Socialist Party USA. The most prominent opponent of national medical insurance was the American Medical Association (AMA); others included the American Hospital Association, the US Chamber of Commerce, and the Life Insurance Association of People. In 1935, when President Franklin D. Roosevelt signed the Social Security Act, medical benefits were", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 23 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4041273", "chunk_text": "\"Retirement Insurance Benefits\"\ndate of birth of an individual, being worth 1/12% a month for those born before January 2, 1917 and 2/3% a month for those born after January 1, 1943.(See SSA's chart) An earnings test has been part of the calculation of retirement benefits since the Social Security Act was signed in 1935. There are two earnings tests applied to beneficiaries who are under Full Retirement Age, the Annual Earnings Test (AET) and Monthly Earnings Test (MET). The Senior Citizen's Freedom to Work Act of 2000, signed into law April 7, 2000, eliminated the use of these tests for beneficiaries who", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 24 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7961256", "chunk_text": "\"Social Security Administration\"\nSocial Security Administration The United States Social Security Administration (SSA) is an independent agency of the U.S. federal government that administers Social Security, a social insurance program consisting of retirement, disability, and survivors' benefits. To qualify for most of these benefits, most workers pay Social Security taxes on their earnings; the claimant's benefits are based on the wage earner's contributions. Otherwise benefits such as Supplemental Security Income (SSI) are given based on need. The Social Security Administration was established by a law codified at . Its current leader, Deputy Commissioner of Operations Nancy Berryhill, was acting commissioner from January 19,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 25 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6546116", "chunk_text": "\"Great Society\"\ncoverage and adequacy of benefits. The Tax Adjustment Act of 1966 included a provision for special payments under the social security program to certain uninsured individuals aged 72 and over. The Social Security Amendments of 1965 included a 7% increase in cash benefits, a liberalization of the definition of disability, a liberalization of the amount a person can earn and still get full benefits (the so-called retirement test), payment of benefits to eligible children aged 18–21 who are attending school, payment of benefits to widows at age 60 on an actuarially reduced basis, coverage of self-employed physicians, coverage of tips", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 26 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16886581", "chunk_text": "\"Social Security Administration\"\nagency was Thomas Elliott, one of Felix Frankfurter's \"\"happy hot dogs.\"\" The first Social Security office opened in Austin, Texas, on October 14, 1936 Social Security taxes were first collected in January 1937, along with the first one-time, lump-sum payments. The first person to receive monthly retirement benefits was Ida May Fuller of Brattleboro, Vermont. Her first check, dated January 31, 1940 was in the amount of US$22.54. In 1939, the Social Security Board merged into a cabinet-level Federal Security Agency, which included the SSB, the U.S. Public Health Service, the Civilian Conservation Corps, and other agencies. In January 1940,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 27 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10311601", "chunk_text": "\"Presidency of Franklin D. Roosevelt\"\nSocial Security Act became law in August 1935. During the congressional debate over Social Security, the program was expanded to provide payments to widows and dependents of Social Security recipients. Job categories that were not covered by the act included workers in agricultural labor, domestic service, government employees, and many teachers, nurses, hospital employees, librarians, and social workers. Social Security taxes would be collected from employers by the states, with employers and employees contributing equally to the tax. Because the Social Security tax was regressive, and Social Security benefits were based on how much each individual had paid into the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 28 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3264961", "chunk_text": "\"Social Security number\"\nknown as the EDIPI. Social Security was originally a universal tax, but when Medicare was passed in 1965, objecting religious groups in existence prior to 1951 were allowed to opt out of the system. Because of this, not every American is part of the Social Security program, and not everyone has a number. However, a social security number is required for parents to claim their children as dependents for federal income tax purposes, and the Internal Revenue Service requires all corporations to obtain SSNs (or alternative identifying numbers) from their employees, as described below. The Old Order Amish have fought", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 29 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5075897", "chunk_text": "\"Social Security Act\"\nI is designed to give money to states to provide assistance to aged individuals Title III concerns unemployment insurance Title IV concerns Aid to Families with Dependent Children. Title V concerns Maternal and Child Welfare. Title VI concerns public health services (investigation of disease and problems of sanitation) Title X concerns support for blind people. H.R.6635 Approved, August 10, 1939 Public Law 76-379 Amendments of 1939: The original Act provided only retirement benefits, and only to the worker. The 1939 Amendments made a fundamental change in the Social Security program. The Amendments added two new categories of benefits: payments to", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 30 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18475508", "chunk_text": "\"Mandatory spending\"\nthe Social Security Act in 1935. An increasing percentage of the federal budget became devoted to mandatory spending. In 1947, Social Security accounted for just under five percent of the federal budget and less than one-half of one percent of GDP. By 1962, 13 percent of the federal budget and half of all mandatory spending was committed to Social Security. Less than 30 percent of all federal spending was mandatory. This percentage continued to increase when Congress amended the Social Security Act to create Medicare in 1965. Medicare is a government administered health insurance program for senior citizens. In the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 31 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16806778", "chunk_text": "\"Social Security Institution\"\nSocial Security Institution The Social Security Institution () is the governing authority of the Turkish social security system. It was established by the Social Security Institution Law No:5502, which was published in the Official Gazette No: 26173 on June 20, 2006. This brought five different retirement systems that affected civil servants, contractual paid workers, agricultural paid workers, and self-employed workers into a single retirement system offering equal actuarial rights and obligations. Work accidents (described as when the insurance holder is at the workplace, in another area working under an elephant, in another area allocated for breastfeeding as per labor legislation,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 32 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4107549", "chunk_text": "\"History of Social Security in the United States\"\nthe benefits for single workers were decreased and lump-sum death payments were abolished. In the original 1935 law, the benefit provisions were in Title II of the Act (which is why Social Security is sometimes referred to as the \"\"Title II\"\" program.) The taxing provisions were in a separate title (Title VIII) (for reasons related to the constitutionality of the 1935 Act). As part of the 1939 Amendments, the Title VIII taxing provisions were taken out of the Social Security Act and placed in the Internal Revenue Code and renamed the Federal Insurance Contributions Act (FICA). Social Security payroll taxes", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 33 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2537695", "chunk_text": "\"Social Security Advisory Board\"\nold-age, survivors, and disability insurance (OASDI) and Supplemental Security Income (SSI) programs. The legislation passed both Houses of Congress without opposition and President Clinton signed the Social Security Independence and Program Improvements Act of 1994 into law (P.L. 103-296) on August 15, 1994. The law took effect on March 31, 1995. Social Security Advisory Board The Social Security Advisory Board (SSAB) is an independent, bipartisan board of the United States federal government. It was created by Congress and is appointed by the President and the Congress to advise the President, the Congress, and the Commissioner of Social Security on matters", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 34 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4107555", "chunk_text": "\"History of Social Security in the United States\"\nyears were raised. Increases were also made to the pensions of 3.8 million widows and dependent widowers. These amendments also established the Supplemental Security Income (SSI). SSI is not a Social Security benefit, but a welfare program, because the elderly and disabled poor are entitled to SSI regardless of work history. Likewise, SSI is not an entitlement, because there is no right to SSI payments. Throughout the 1950s and 1960s, during the phase-in period of Social Security, Congress was able to grant generous benefit increases because the system had perpetual short-run surpluses. Congressional amendments to Social Security took place in", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 35 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10998001", "chunk_text": "\"Ecuadorian Institute of Social Security\"\nEcuadorian Institute of Social Security The Ecuadorian Social Security Institute (Spanish: \"\"Instituto Ecuatoriano de Seguridad Social (IESS)\"\"), is an autonomous entity that is part of the social security system of Ecuador and is responsible for implementing the mandatory universal insurance, according to the Constitution of the Republic, in force since 2008. The Constitution states that social security is an inalienable right of all people. Social security is governed by the principles of solidarity, obligation, universality, equity, efficiency, subsidiarity, adequacy, transparency and participation. In 1937, with the Law on Mandatory Social Security Insurance Fund of Private Employees and Workers is created", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 36 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16886582", "chunk_text": "\"Social Security Administration\"\nthe first regular ongoing monthly benefits began. In 1946, the SSB was renamed the Social Security Administration under President Harry S. Truman's Reorganization Plan. In 1953, the Federal Security Agency was abolished and SSA was placed under the Department of Health, Education, and Welfare, which became the Department of Health and Human Services in 1980. In 1994, President Bill Clinton signed into law returning SSA to the status of an independent agency in the executive branch of government. In 1972, Cost of Living Adjustments (COLAs) were introduced into SSA programs to deal with the effects of inflation on fixed incomes.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 37 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "602635", "chunk_text": "\"Social Security Act 1991\"\nSocial Security Act 1991 The Social Security Act 1991 (SSA) is an act passed by the Parliament of Australia in 1991 to provide for the payment, to eligible people in Australia, certain pensions, benefits and allowances, and for other related purposes. The SSA was enacted to replace the Social Security Act 1947. In 1999, the \"\"Social Security (Administration) Act 1999\"\" was enacted, in which the provisions in the SSA concerning the administration of social security payments were split into a separate Act. The SSA has been criticised by judges for its length and complexity. Most recently, in \"\"Secretary, Department of", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 38 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16150075", "chunk_text": "\"Total Social Security Accounts\"\nbases of the Total Social Security Accounts are the National Council's Postulate of the Committee for Social Security and Health of 17 February 1995 and Art 10, Para. 2 of the Federal Statistics Act of 9 October 1992. In Switzerland, the first attempts to arrive at an overall picture of the finances of social security go back to the 1970s and 1980s. A direct forerunner of today's synthetic statistic was the \"\"Social Budget of Switzerland\"\", which P. Gilliand and S. Rossini developed for the years 1990 and 1993 as part of the National Science Foundation's \"\"Changing Ways of Life and", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 39 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4219208", "chunk_text": "\"Social Security (United States)\"\nrecipients would be more likely to open them. In response, Congress amended the Social Security Act in 1988 to prohibit the private use of the phrase \"\"Social Security\"\" and several related terms in any way that would convey a false impression of approval from the Social Security Administration. The constitutionality of this law () was upheld in \"\"United Seniors Association, Inc. v. Social Security Administration\"\", 423 F.3d 397 (4th Cir. 2005), cert den 547 U.S. 1162; 126 S.Ct. 2346 (2006) (text at Findlaw). The 2011 annual report by the program's Board of Trustees noted the following: in 2010, 54 million", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 40 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20278927", "chunk_text": "\"Social Security Act 1938\"\nSocial Security Act 1938 The Social Security Act 1938 is a New Zealand Act of Parliament concerning unemployment insurance which established New Zealand as a welfare state. This act is important in the history of social welfare, as it established the first ever social security system in the world. After winning the 1935 election the newly elected First Labour government immediately issued a Christmas bonus to the unemployed. However, a regular unemployment benefit was not introduced until the passing of the Social Security Act in 1938; that benefit was \"\"payable to a person 16 years of age and over who", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 41 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16387929", "chunk_text": "\"Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services\"\nnursing homes) through its survey and certification process, clinical laboratory quality standards under the Clinical Laboratory Improvement Amendments, and oversight of HealthCare.gov. President Lyndon B. Johnson signed the Social Security Amendments on July 30, 1965, establishing both Medicare and Medicaid. Arthur E. Hess, a deputy commissioner of the Social Security Administration, was named as first director of the Bureau of Health Insurance in 1965, placing him as the first executive in charge of the Medicare program. At the time, the program provided health insurance to 19 million Americans. The Social Security Administration (SSA) became responsible for the administration of Medicare", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 42 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16886587", "chunk_text": "\"Social Security Administration\"\nparticipate in Medicare. Most state and local government workers were eventually brought into the Social Security system under \"\"Section 218 Agreements\"\". The original 218 interstate instrumentalities were signed in the 1950s, and all states have a Section 218 agreement with the federal government's Social Security Administration. The Social Security Handbook defines an \"\"interstate instrumentality\"\". The provisions of Section 218 of the Social Security Act and the instrumentalities agreement and subsequent modifications determine Social Security and Medicare benefits or Medicare-only coverage for state and local government employees enrolled in state and local government retirement systems. All state and local government employees", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 43 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20893733", "chunk_text": "\"Social Security Disability Benefits Reform Act of 1984\"\nSocial Security Disability Benefits Reform Act of 1984 The Social Security Disability Benefits Reform Act of 1984 was signed into law by then-U.S. President Ronald Reagan on 9 October 1984. Its purpose was to ensure more accurate, consistent and uniform disability determination decisions under the Social Security Disability Insurance (SSDI) program, and to ensure that applicants were treated fairly and humanely. It has been described as \"\"one of the key pieces of social welfare legislation\"\" enacted toward the end of Reagan's first term in office. In 1981, Reagan ordered the Social Security Administration (SSA) to tighten up enforcement of the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 44 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6546117", "chunk_text": "\"Great Society\"\nas wages, liberalization of insured-status requirements for persons already aged 72 or over, an increase to $6,600 the amount of earnings counted for contribution and benefit purposes (the contribution and benefit base), and an increase in the contribution rate schedule. The Social Security Amendments of 1967 included a 13% increase in old-age, survivors, and disability insurance benefits, with a minimum monthly benefit of $55 for a person retiring at or after age-65 (or receiving disability benefits), an increase from $35 to $40 in the special age-72 payments, an increase from $1,500 to $1,680 in the amount a person may earn", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 45 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16372443", "chunk_text": "\"Older Americans Act\"\nOlder Americans Act The Older Americans Act of 1965 (, ) was the first federal level initiative aimed at providing comprehensive services for older adults. It created the National Aging Network comprising the Administration on Aging on the federal level, State Units on Aging, and Area Agencies on Aging at the local level. The network provides funding - based primarily on the percentage of an area's population 60 and older - for nutrition and supportive home and community-based services, disease prevention/health promotion services, elder rights programs, the National Family Caregiver Support Program, and the Native American Caregiver Support Program. The", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 46 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "923959", "chunk_text": "\"Totalization agreements\"\nthe same foreign workers. Issues considered to determine if a worker is covered under either Social Security and Medicare in the United States, or the social security system in a foreign country include where the worker resides and whether the employment in a foreign country is short-term or long-term. As of August 2017, U.S. has 26 active totalization agreements. In 1935, Congress passed the Social Security Act. The act established a taxpayer-funded old-age pension. In the 1960s, Congress established Medicare, which provides taxpayer-funded health insurance to the elderly. In order to finance Social Security and Medicare, Congress passed the Federal", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 47 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6575938", "chunk_text": "\"Older Americans Act\"\nAmericans Act of 1965. Older Americans Act The Older Americans Act of 1965 (, ) was the first federal level initiative aimed at providing comprehensive services for older adults. It created the National Aging Network comprising the Administration on Aging on the federal level, State Units on Aging, and Area Agencies on Aging at the local level. The network provides funding - based primarily on the percentage of an area's population 60 and older - for nutrition and supportive home and community-based services, disease prevention/health promotion services, elder rights programs, the National Family Caregiver Support Program, and the Native American", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 48 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11869651", "chunk_text": "\"Social Security Amendments of 1965\"\nfocus from opposing the bill to creating new versions of it. As a result, three forms of the bill emerged: John Byrnes', the American Medical Association's, and the administration's bill (known as Medicare). Byrnes was a Republican committee member who proposed that doctors' services and drugs be financed; participation in coverage would be voluntary for the aged. If an elderly patient did need the help, his or her financing would be \"\"scaled to the amounts of the participant's Social Security cash benefits\"\" and the financing would come from the government's revenues. The AMA proposed Eldercare, which provided government financing for", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 49 } ]
test_3515	who wrote the song if i were a boy?	n/a	[ "BC Jean and Toby Gad", "Toby Gad", "BC Jean" ]	[]	n/a	n/a	n/a	[]	[ { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5741747", "chunk_text": "\"If I Were a Boy\"\nIf I Were a Boy \"\"If I Were a Boy\"\" is a song performed by American singer and songwriter Beyoncé from her third studio album \"\"I Am... Sasha Fierce\"\" (2008). \"\"If I Were a Boy\"\" was written by BC Jean and Toby Gad, who also handled its production alongside Beyoncé. Inspired by the difficult break-up of a romantic relationship, the song was initially recorded by Jean, whose record company rejected it. Beyoncé then recorded her own version. Jean was upset when she learned that Beyoncé was releasing it as a single, but eventually, they reached an agreement. Columbia Records released", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 0 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4450104", "chunk_text": "\"BC Jean\"\nBC Jean Brittany Jean Carlson (born circa 1987), better known by her stage name BC Jean, is an American singer-songwriter and actress, perhaps best known for writing the song \"\"If I Were a Boy\"\" which was later sung by Beyoncé and achieved worldwide commercial success. Jean was born in Mercy Hospital, San Diego, California to Lori Carlson, a talent manager, and a trumpet- and piano-playing stockbroker father. She lived in Ramona, Valley Center and Carmel Valley. A piano player, Jean began songwriting at 14, gaining inspiration from the works of performers including Queen, Rod Stewart and Aerosmith. Jean later became", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 1 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4450107", "chunk_text": "\"BC Jean\"\nand both grandparents with Fred Waring. Since 2012, she has been in a relationship with \"\"Dancing with the Stars\"\" professional dancer Mark Ballas. They became engaged on November 25, 2015. Exactly a year later, on November 25, 2016, the couple got married in Malibu, California. BC Jean Brittany Jean Carlson (born circa 1987), better known by her stage name BC Jean, is an American singer-songwriter and actress, perhaps best known for writing the song \"\"If I Were a Boy\"\" which was later sung by Beyoncé and achieved worldwide commercial success. Jean was born in Mercy Hospital, San Diego, California to", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 2 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5741751", "chunk_text": "\"If I Were a Boy\"\nof the ballad on Country Music Television (CMT), and a studio version was released as the second single from her 2010 album, \"\"All the Women I Am\"\". \"\"If I Were a Boy\"\" was written by BC Jean and Toby Gad. It is the opening ballad of the \"\"I Am ...\"\" disc of the double album \"\"I Am... Sasha Fierce\"\". It is the only song on either disc that Beyoncé did not co-write. Most of the lyrics were written by Jean, who was inspired by the break-up of a romantic relationship. One day Jean and Gad visited a pizzeria in Times", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 3 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17478363", "chunk_text": "\"Alexander Wilhelm\"\nAlexander Wilhelm Alex Wilhelm is a German music executive and entrepreneur. He currently serves as the Senior Director of A&R at Capitol Music Group, a division of Universal Music Group. Wilhelm started his career by founding influential independent A&R company Crazed Hits, through which he discovered a variety of major recording artists, including LMFAO, Drake, Imagine Dragons, The Weeknd, Nicki Minaj, Owl City, Brantley Gilbert, Mike Posner, Jessie J, Odd Future, and others. During his time at Crazed Hits, Wilhelm also discovered the hit song \"\"If I Were A Boy\"\", which was later recorded by Beyoncé. When Billboard Magazine published", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 4 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9401923", "chunk_text": "\"If I Were a Boy\"\nsoft rock influences. The song was composed using common time in the key of G major and has a moderate tempo of 90 beats per minute. It was written in the common verse-chorus form; the verses are supported by four chords and follow a vi-IV-I-V chord progression in the form Em–B–G–D/F. Ed Masle of \"\"The Arizona Republic\"\" noted that the progression is reminiscent of Nirvana's 1991 song \"\"Smells Like Teen Spirit\"\". Instrumentation is provided by a piano, acoustic guitars, live drums, and strings as well as hand claps which are used throughout the song. Beyoncé's vocals span the range from", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 5 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5337915", "chunk_text": "\"I'm a Boy\"\nI'm a Boy \"\"I'm a Boy\"\" is a 1966 rock song written by Pete Townshend for the Who. The song, like other early recordings by the band, such as \"\"I Can't Explain\"\", \"\"The Kids Are Alright\"\" and \"\"Happy Jack\"\", centres on the early power pop genre. The song was originally intended to be a part of a rock opera called 'Quads' which was to be set in the future where parents can choose the sex of their children. The idea was later scrapped, but this song survived and was later released as a single. The song is about a family", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 6 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9401916", "chunk_text": "\"If I Were a Boy\"\n\"\"If I Were a Boy\"\", Jean presented it to her record company, which rejected the song. Gad and Jean had co-written 12 songs, including \"\"If I Were a Boy\"\", for the singer's debut album. As the deal with Jean's record company fell apart, Gad marketed the songs to established artists. Beyoncé liked \"\"If I Were a Boy\"\" and recorded her own version of it for her album \"\"I Am... Sasha Fierce\"\". Gad and Beyoncé produced the track in 2008 at Roc the Mic Studios and Strawberry Productions in New York City and at GAD Studios in Ibiza. Gad did the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 7 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9401913", "chunk_text": "\"If I Were a Boy\"\nUS. The accompanying music video for \"\"If I Were a Boy\"\" was directed by Jake Nava and shot in black-and-white. With a theme of role reversal, it is conceptually similar to the American comedy film \"\"Freaky Friday\"\" (1976). A video for the Spanish version of the ballad was edited from the original clip. Beyoncé promoted \"\"If I Were a Boy\"\" through live performances at venues including \"\"The Oprah Winfrey Show\"\", the 52nd Grammy Awards, and the I Am... World Tour (2009–10). The song has been covered several times on televised music competitions. American singer Reba McEntire sang a country version", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 8 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9401967", "chunk_text": "\"If I Were a Boy\"\nas the second single from her studio album \"\"All the Women I Am\"\" (2010). McEntire revealed that she originally wanted to only cover her own hits. However, her husband and manager, Narvel Blackstock wanted her to do a cover song. Blackstock finally came up with the idea that she should record her own version of Beyoncé's \"\"If I Were a Boy\"\". Speaking about her version of the song, McEntire said: \"\"When I got the song and the lyrics, I thought it was an incredible song ... And, to me, it turned out to be a country song, when we got", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 9 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9401915", "chunk_text": "\"If I Were a Boy\"\nSquare in New York City. Although tempted, Jean refrained from eating pizza because she was dieting. She then thought that if she were a boy, she would have eaten without regret. After reflecting on the idea, she concluded that she would have been a better man than her past lover. Gad captured Jean's ideas on a pocket recorder, and they went to the studio the same day. Once there, she wrote the lyrics and melody in about 15 minutes. She then recorded the song in less than half an hour, with Gad on the guitar. After completing her version of", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 10 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9401919", "chunk_text": "\"If I Were a Boy\"\na better connection because you can hear it and it's not all these other distractions. I really wanted people to hear my voice and hear what I had to say.\"\" After Jean's version of \"\"If I Were a Boy\"\" was rejected by her record company, she was upset that Beyoncé recorded and released the ballad. Roger Friedman of Fox News wrote that Jean was first informed that Beyoncé recorded the song by a stranger. \"\"The Daily Telegraph\"\" reported that Beyoncé's father and then-manager Mathew Knowles pursued the publishing rights of \"\"If I Were a Boy\"\" after realizing that it had", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 11 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5741793", "chunk_text": "\"If I Were a Boy\"\na jangly guitar-pop number\"\" during the show. Kyle Anderson of \"\"Entertainment Weekly\"\" wrote that \"\"the most attention-grabbing moments of the night... came when she dipped into other artists' catalogs\"\". In 2013, \"\"If I Were a Boy\"\" was included in the set list of The Mrs. Carter Show World Tour where it featured the string motif from The Verve's \"\"Bitter Sweet Symphony\"\" (1997). In January 2009, Matthew Zeghibe, a 26-year-old computer art student from Connecticut, used pitch-correction software to make a clip that he claimed was the soundboard recording of \"\"If I Were a Boy\"\" from Beyoncé's \"\"Today\"\" show appearance in", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 12 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13671159", "chunk_text": "\"Are You a Boy or Are You a Girl\"\nAre You a Boy or Are You a Girl \"\"Are You a Boy or Are You a Girl\"\" is a song written by Geoffry Morris for the American band The Barbarians. The song was released as the group's second single, and was the first and most successful tune for the Barbarians to chart on the \"\"Billboard Hot 100\"\" and \"\"Cashbox\"\". Following the group's unsuccessful debut, \"\"Hey Little Bird\"\", The Barbarians had their breakthrough with an appearance, alongside other musical artists such as The Rolling Stones and The Supremes, on \"\"The T.A.M.I. Show\"\". In order to take advantage of their exposure,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 13 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9401920", "chunk_text": "\"If I Were a Boy\"\nthe potential to become a big hit. Jean used her Myspace account to express her frustration: \"\"I have been reading some of these comments and to set the record straight from the horse's mouth – IF I WERE A BOY is my song; YES, I wrote this song; It is my story; a painful one, and the song is very dear to me. You can hear the original version on my myspace site.\"\" Friedman later reported that Beyoncé and Jean had come to terms. The deal included a promise that Beyoncé would record a duet with Jean for her debut", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 14 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9401924", "chunk_text": "\"If I Were a Boy\"\na low of F♯ to the high of E. Her singing gets higher and louder as she employs melodic crescendos. Critics noted that Beyoncé delivers a tormented performance with unwavering sentiments. The lyrics of \"\"If I Were a Boy\"\" are about a gender-swapping thought experiment, through which Beyoncé analyses the ideologies of a tense relationship. As she sings about things she would do if she were a boy, Beyoncé highlights the vulnerability of a woman and ponders how things would be different if men had women's sense of empathy. During the first part of the ballad, Beyoncé alternates between the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 15 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13671162", "chunk_text": "\"Are You a Boy or Are You a Girl\"\nweeks. The song was also featured on the group's debut album with the same name, as the opening track. Despite the publicity following their modest hit, the album failed to chart. The song has been included on several compilations thereafter, most prominently the 1998 reissue of \"\"\"\". Are You a Boy or Are You a Girl \"\"Are You a Boy or Are You a Girl\"\" is a song written by Geoffry Morris for the American band The Barbarians. The song was released as the group's second single, and was the first and most successful tune for the Barbarians to chart", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 16 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9401922", "chunk_text": "\"If I Were a Boy\"\nwas an artist, so it was, like, 'Oh, this songwriter BC.' \"\" \"\"If I Were a Boy\"\" was the first song she ever recorded, and she initially did not intend to hand it to another singer. Jean said that the fact that Beyoncé recorded the ballad provided many opportunities, and she was approached by many people who wanted to purchase her lyrics. She refused their offers, desiring to use her songs for her own album. However, Jean still intends to write for other artists. \"\"If I Were a Boy\"\" is a midtempo pop and R&B ballad, with folk rock and", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 17 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5741749", "chunk_text": "\"If I Were a Boy\"\nbetween the genders and indict the male side of relationships. \"\"If I Were a Boy\"\" was well received by critics, who complimented Beyoncé's tormented and emotive vocal performance and called the song her best work to date. The single was a commercial success as it placed in the top ten on twenty-five different singles charts. It topped the charts in more than eight European countries, including the United Kingdom, where it is Beyoncé's best-selling single. \"\"If I Were a Boy\"\" peaked at number three on the US \"\"Billboard\"\" Hot 100 chart and earned multi-platinum certifications in Australia, Canada, and the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 18 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4249458", "chunk_text": "\"If I Were a Boy (novel)\"\nIf I Were a Boy (novel) If I Were a Boy () is an Albanian epistolary novel written by Haki Stërmilli in 1936. Written mostly in a form of diary entries it documents the struggle of the young female protagonist Dija to adjust in an Albanian patriarchal society, which was common during the time the novel was written in. Originally the novel was written in Gheg dialect. The novel starts with Dija's cousin, Hamit, who is on a bus with a small box on his hands. The box was entrusted to him by Dija, who now had contracted Tuberculosis. After", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 19 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5741748", "chunk_text": "\"If I Were a Boy\"\n\"\"If I Were a Boy\"\" to US radio on October 8, 2008, as a double A-side single album's alongside \"\"Single Ladies (Put a Ring on It)\"\" as the lead singles. The two songs showcased the contrast between Beyoncé's personality and her aggressive onstage persona, Sasha Fierce. A Spanish version of the song, titled \"\"Si Yo Fuera un Chico\"\", was digitally released in Mexico and Spain. \"\"If I Were a Boy\"\" is a pop and R&B introspective ballad which draws influences from folk rock through its instrumentation of which includes acoustic guitars, drums and strings. The song's lyrics lament the misunderstandings", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 20 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15438732", "chunk_text": "\"Toby Gad\"\nToby Gad Tobias \"\"Toby\"\" Gad (born 12 April 1968) is a Los Angeles-based German music producer/songwriter, best known for co-writing John Legend's biggest hit \"\"All of Me\"\" and for co-writing and producing \"\"Big Girls Don't Cry\"\" by Fergie and \"\"If I Were a Boy\"\" by Beyoncé. Other notable works include \"\"Skyscraper\"\" for Demi Lovato, \"\"Who You Are\"\" for Jessie J, \"\"Untouched\"\" for The Veronicas, \"\"A Year Without Rain\"\" for Selena Gomez & the Scene, \"\"Don't Hold Your Breath\"\" for Nicole Scherzinger, \"\"Love You More\"\" for JLS, and \"\"I Do\"\" for Colbie Caillat. In the 3rd quarter of 2014, Gad was", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 21 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9401960", "chunk_text": "\"If I Were a Boy\"\njust what I've learned in school, and it's fun I could fool so many people and get away with it. A lot of people had a lot of laughs because of it, so why should I apologize? If you can't poke fun at yourself, I don't know what kind of person you are. !scope=\"\"col\"\" colspan=\"\"3\"\"\| Mastertone !scope=\"\"col\"\" colspan=\"\"3\"\"\| Music video Jamaican dancehall singer Althea Hewitt released a reggae cover of \"\"If I Were a Boy\"\" to iTunes Stores on December 19, 2008. Nicole Sullivan and Tisha Campbell-Martin covered \"\"If I Were a Boy\"\" during the episode \"\"The Shape of Things", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 22 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15951796", "chunk_text": "\"When You're a Boy\"\nWhen You're a Boy When You're a Boy is the debut solo album by Susanna Hoffs. It begins with the Billboard Top 40 single \"\"My Side of the Bed,\"\" includes the track \"\"Unconditional Love\"\" (co-written by Cyndi Lauper), and ends with a cover of \"\"Boys Keep Swinging,\"\" the 1979 song written by David Bowie and Brian Eno. The album's title comes from the lyrics to the latter. The album peaked at No. 83 on the album charts. Three singles were released from the album: \"\"My Side of the Bed\"\". \"\"Unconditional Love\"\" and \"\"Only Love.\"\" Three B-sides from these sessions. \"\"Circus", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 23 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3864766", "chunk_text": "\"Nick Richards\"\nNick Richards Nicholas Richards (born 1960) is a British singer-songwriter and record producer, best known as frontman of 1980s synthpop/new wave band Boys Don't Cry. As a solo artist, Nikki Richards (not to be confused with the early '90s R&B singer of the same name), aged 18, released the singles \"\"If I Could Tell the World\"\" and \"\"I Wonder What You're Doing Tonight\"\" on Ember Records in 1978. A third single \"\"Oh Boy!\"\" written by Brian Wade and produced by Alan Winstanley followed in 1979. Richards then moved to RCA Records for three more singles; \"\"Tokyo Rising\"\", \"\"Factory Girl\"\" and", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 24 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6386220", "chunk_text": "\"If U Were My Man\"\nIf U Were My Man \"\"If U Were My Man\"\" is a song by German singer–songwriter Sarah Connor from her debut album, \"\"Green Eyed Soul\"\" (2001). It was the only single not released in Connor's native Germany. \"\"If U Were My Man\"\" was originally set to be the first single from \"\"Green Eyed Soul\"\", but \"\"Let's Get Back to Bed - Boy!\"\" was chosen instead. It was one of the first songs Connor recorded to shop to major labels and created quite a bit of buzz around her. The song was released as the album's fourth and final single on", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 25 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5741778", "chunk_text": "\"If I Were a Boy\"\nThe following week, it fell to number three with sales of 57,917 copies. On November 23, 2008, it rebounded to number one, selling 47,949 copies, becoming Beyoncé's fourth number-one single in the UK as a solo artist; it was her sixth including her career with Destiny's Child. \"\"If I Were a Boy\"\" remained in the top five until the end of 2008 and was the 16th highest-selling single of that year. The ballad was certified platinum by the British Phonographic Industry (BPI) for sales of over 600,000 copies. It was the 68th highest selling single of the 2000s in the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 26 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13306169", "chunk_text": "\"Boy (Book of Love song)\"\nBoy (Book of Love song) \"\"Boy\"\" is the title of the 1985 debut single by the American synthpop band Book of Love. The song was included on the band's eponymous debut album \"\"Book of Love\"\" in 1986. Although the song failed to reach the \"\"Billboard\"\" Hot 100 chart, it did make the Top 10 on the \"\"Billboard\"\" Hot Dance Club Play chart, where it peaked at no. 7 in April 1985. \"\"Boy\"\" was written by band member Theodore (\"\"Ted\"\") Ottaviano and features a prominent tubular bells melody. The band secured a recording contract when the demo of the song was", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 27 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9401931", "chunk_text": "\"If I Were a Boy\"\nEPs were made available on February 3 and 10, 2009. A Spanish version of \"\"If I Were a Boy\"\" was translated by Rudy Pérez and mixed by Andrés Bermúdez at The Beach House in Miami. Titled \"\"Si Yo Fuera un Chico (If I Were a Boy)\"\", this version was only included on copies of \"\"I Am... Sasha Fierce\"\" in Mexico as well as iTunes Stores in Latin America and Spain, where it was released as a stand-alone single on February 3, 2009. \"\"If I Were a Boy\"\" was widely acclaimed by contemporary music critics, who applauded Beyoncé's vocal performance and", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 28 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5741769", "chunk_text": "\"If I Were a Boy\"\nno amount of money, fame or skill can solve the basic inequity between her man's heart and her own.\"\" Sal Cinquemani of Slant Magazine wrote that \"\"If I Were a Boy\"\" could become as commercially successful as \"\"Irreplaceable\"\" because of its radio-friendly appeal. James Montgomery of MTV News complimented the \"\"tear-jerking power\"\" of \"\"If I Were a Boy\"\" and noted that it reveals \"\"sides of Beyoncé we never knew existed\"\". Matos Michaelangelo of \"\"The A.V. Club\"\" remarked that \"\"If I Were a Boy\"\" has \"\"boilerplate lyrics\"\" that would fit perfectly in a Hayley Mills film. Nick Levine of Digital Spy", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 29 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9401917", "chunk_text": "\"If I Were a Boy\"\nmusical arrangements, assisted in recording the music, and played the instruments alongside his brother Jens Gad and Reggie Syience Perry. Jim Caruana recorded Beyoncé's vocals at Roc the Mic Studios. Mark \"\"Spike\"\" Stent mixed the track with assistance from Matt Green at The Record Plant in Los Angeles. \"\"If I Were a Boy\"\" was placed on the \"\"I Am...\"\" disc of \"\"I Am... Sasha Fierce\"\", as it is a ballad that shows Beyoncé's insecurities about love and the person she is \"\"underneath all the makeup, underneath the lights and underneath all the exciting star drama\"\". In an interview with \"\"Essence\"\"", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 30 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1630289", "chunk_text": "\"I'm a Man Not a Boy\"\nI'm a Man Not a Boy \"\"I'm a Man Not a Boy\"\" is a song written by Nigel Hinton, Chesney Hawkes, John Wesley Harding and recorded by Chesney Hawkes. Produced by Nik Kershaw and Alan Shacklock, the single was Hawkes's follow up to the one hit wonder \"\"The One and Only\"\" that featured in the film \"\"Buddy's Song\"\" starring Hawkes as Buddy and Roger Daltrey (of rock band The Who) as his father. \"\"I'm a Man Not a Boy\"\" entered the charts at number 37 and climbed to a peak position of 27 a week later making it the second", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 31 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5741780", "chunk_text": "\"If I Were a Boy\"\nreflective of the stance as an independent woman that Beyoncé has taken throughout her career. In an interview with \"\"Billboard\"\" magazine, Beyoncé revealed that the concept of the video is similar to the American comedy film \"\"Freaky Friday\"\" (1976); its theme is role reversal. She also said that it would depict things that men commonly do to hurt their partners, like not answering their phones, before adding that the video is about little things that mean a lot in relationships. Beyoncé explained: In the beginning of the video, my husband makes me breakfast and he's excited about it, and I", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 32 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5741779", "chunk_text": "\"If I Were a Boy\"\nUK, where it is Beyoncé's highest-selling solo single, with sales of 746,000 units as of November 2013. The music video for \"\"If I Were a Boy\"\" was directed by Jake Nava and was shot in black-and-white in New York City with the video for \"\"Single Ladies (Put a Ring on It)\"\". A Spanish version of the music video, titled \"\"Si Yo Fuera Un Chico\"\", was released with the same concepts as the main one; it was edited from the original with the Spanish version of the song dubbed over it. The music video for \"\"If I Were a Boy\"\" is", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 33 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9401925", "chunk_text": "\"If I Were a Boy\"\nrole of her flawed partner and that of the better man she would be. In the first verse, she envisions herself impersonating her unfeeling love interest as she sings about consuming beer with other men, chasing after girls, and treating her lover cruelly, before adding that she would never be confronted for it. Beyoncé then sings the chorus, in which she gives her vision of life as a better man, \"\"I think I could understand / How it feels to love a girl / I swear I'd be a better man\"\", because she knows \"\"how it hurts when you lose", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 34 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20039644", "chunk_text": "\"I Wouldn't Be a Man\"\nI Wouldn't Be a Man \"\"I Wouldn't Be a Man\"\" is a song written by Mike Reid and Rory Michael Bourke. Originally recorded by Don Williams, it has also been released as a single by Billy Dean, and covered by Josh Turner. Williams's version of the song was a Top Ten country hit in late 1987–early 1988, while versions by Dean and Turner also charted. Williams' version of the song appears on his 1987 album \"\"Traces\"\" for Capitol Records. It was released as a single in October of that year and his version peaked at number nine on the Hot", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 35 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14194847", "chunk_text": "\"Like a Boy\"\nLike a Boy \"\"Like a Boy\"\" is a song performed by American singer Ciara for her second album \"\"\"\" (2006). Written by Ciara, Candice Nelson, Balewa Muhammad, J. Que, Ezekiel Lewis, and Calvin Kenon, it is the third release in the U.S. and second single in Europe (see 2007 in music). The release was confirmed in a MTV News article and chosen before polling ended for Ciara's second single on her official myspace page, being picked over \"\"That's Right\"\" and \"\"Can't Leave 'Em Alone\"\". Although the single was a moderate hit, it failed to match the success of its North", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 36 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13914258", "chunk_text": "\"If You Were a Woman (And I Was a Man)\"\nIf You Were a Woman (And I Was a Man) \"\"If You Were a Woman (And I Was a Man)\"\" is a song recorded by Bonnie Tyler for her 1986 rock album \"\"Secret Dreams and Forbidden Fire\"\". It was written by Desmond Child and produced by Jim Steinman. Child has since stated that the song was re-written as \"\"You Give Love a Bad Name\"\" for Bon Jovi after he was dissatisfied with \"\"If You Were a Woman (And I Was a Man)\"\"'s chart success. Tyler re-recorded the song on her 2004 album \"\"Simply Believe\"\". The song was successful in Europe,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 37 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5741776", "chunk_text": "\"If I Were a Boy\"\n\"\"If I Were a Boy\"\" maintained its position at number three on the Hot 100 chart while \"\"Single Ladies\"\" soared to number two on the chart. Beyoncé became the seventh female to have two songs in the top five positions of the Hot 100 chart. On October 13, 2009, \"\"If I Were a Boy\"\" was certified triple-platinum by the Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA) for shipping over two million copies. On November 2, 2008, \"\"If I Were a Boy\"\" was the highest debut of the week on the Australian Singles Chart, entering at number twelve. The song peaked at", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 38 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20122396", "chunk_text": "\"My Boy\"\nMy Boy \"\"My Boy\"\" is the title of a popular song from the early 1970s. The music was composed by Jean-Pierre Bourtayre and Claude François, and the lyrics were translated from the original version \"\"Parce que je t'aime, mon enfant\"\" (Because I Love You My Child) into English by Phil Coulter and Bill Martin. A sentimental ballad, the song is sung in a first-person narrative from the point of view of a father to his young son under the presumption that the child is asleep and cannot hear what his father is trying to tell him. The father tells his", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 39 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5741791", "chunk_text": "\"If I Were a Boy\"\nAm... World Tour\"\" and \"\"\"\". Prior to the performance of the song at the tour, outtakes of its music video were used. Beyoncé later appeared performing \"\"If I Were a Boy\"\" wearing Ray-Bans, a leather breastplate, aviator shades and a bulletproof-looking one-piece further asking the crowd to sing along the track. During the bridge of the song, she included excerpts from Morissette's \"\"You Oughta Know\"\" and Tupac Shakur's \"\"California Love\"\" while imitating a male person with her moves. Alice Jones of \"\"The Independent\"\" wrote in her review that Beyoncé \"\"whip[s] up a quasi-feminist singalong.\"\" Caryn Ganz of \"\"Rolling Stone\"\" noted", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 40 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9401918", "chunk_text": "\"If I Were a Boy\"\nmagazine, Beyoncé explained that \"\"If I Were a Boy\"\" is \"\"broad\"\" and different from her previous releases because it is not a traditional R&B song. She added, \"\"I had to try it, because I remember Aretha Franklin said a great singer can sing anything and make it her own.\"\" Beyoncé was also motivated by her audience's strong expectations from her as a singer. While preparing her third solo album, Beyoncé wanted to experiment with stronger lyrics and record ballads like \"\"If I Were a Boy\"\" because, \"\"the music and the emotion in the story is told so much better. It's", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 41 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9401921", "chunk_text": "\"If I Were a Boy\"\nalbum. In an interview with Eric R. Danton of the \"\"Hartford Courant\"\", Jean was asked about her reaction when she heard that Beyoncé was recording \"\"If I Were a Boy\"\". She was initially surprised when people regarded her as a songwriter because she envisioned herself as \"\"do[ing] the whole artist thing as well\"\". Jean added, \"\"It's an amazing compliment, but I was like, 'That's great, but it's going to be on my album!' And it can be on my album, too, I just didn't realize how it worked ... At first when I got this, people didn't know that I", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 42 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6160612", "chunk_text": "\"Boy (Book of Love song)\"\ngiven to DJ/producer Ivan Ivan, who then passed it along to Seymour Stein of Sire Records. The song is also notable for its uncommon (in a mainstream pop song of its time) subject matter, describing the frustrations of a woman who likes \"\"a boy who likes boys\"\". The lyrical content, however, is veiled and suggestive rather than overt and explicit, presumably due to the unease surrounding homosexuality in most circles of US culture in the mid-1980s. Ted Ottaviano said in a 2016 Village Voice interview that the song \"\"is actually written about Boy Bar, which was a very exclusive gay", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 43 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1317428", "chunk_text": "\"If I Were a Bell\"\nIf I Were a Bell \"\"If I Were a Bell\"\" is a song composed by Frank Loesser for his 1950 musical \"\"Guys and Dolls\"\". In the show \"\"Guys and Dolls\"\", it is sung by the character Sister Sarah, originally performed by Isabel Bigley on Broadway, and memorialized on the original cast album. On a bet, Sky Masterson takes Sarah Brown to Havana to have dinner and gets her very drunk. Sarah's stiff social barriers fall away and she realizes she is in love with Sky, and he with her. She sings this after they have an eventful dinner but Sky", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 44 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1317425", "chunk_text": "\"If I Were a Bell\"\nIf I Were a Bell \"\"If I Were a Bell\"\" is a song composed by Frank Loesser for his 1950 musical \"\"Guys and Dolls\"\". In the show \"\"Guys and Dolls\"\", it is sung by the character Sister Sarah, originally performed by Isabel Bigley on Broadway, and memorialized on the original cast album. On a bet, Sky Masterson takes Sarah Brown to Havana to have dinner and gets her very drunk. Sarah's stiff social barriers fall away and she realizes she is in love with Sky, and he with her. She sings this after they have an eventful dinner but Sky", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 45 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15438743", "chunk_text": "\"Toby Gad\"\nthe song. Gad scored his second worldwide #1 hit with Beyoncé's \"\"If I Were a Boy\"\", which Gad produced and co-wrote. \"\"If I Were A Boy\"\" reached #1 in nine countries and hit top-ten in over 20 countries around the world. Gad's third platinum number one hit was the indie-electro pop anthem \"\"Untouched\"\" by Aussie duo The Veronicas. The song sold platinum in the US and reached #1 in Ireland and Mexico. In summer 2009, Gad relocated his recording studio to Los Angeles. The new studio, located in the Hollywood Hills, features several music production rooms and a video editing", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 46 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16248621", "chunk_text": "\"If (Pink Floyd song)\"\nIf (Pink Floyd song) \"\"If\"\" is a song by Pink Floyd on their 1970 album \"\"Atom Heart Mother\"\". This song was one of several to be considered for the band's \"\"best of\"\" album, \"\"\"\". The lyrics are clearly inspired by the homonymous poem by Rudyard Kipling, at least for the compositional scheme; only that, while the great poet turns to his son, Waters turns to himself. Written and sung by Roger Waters, like \"\"Grantchester Meadows\"\" before it, \"\"If\"\" carries on a pastoral and folky approach, but instead deals with introspection. The song is in the key of E Major. The", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 47 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5741770", "chunk_text": "\"If I Were a Boy\"\nwrote in his review of the album that \"\"If I Were a Boy\"\" has the \"\"most interesting lyrics\"\" of the entire record. In a separate review of \"\"If I Were a Boy\"\", Levine awarded it four stars out of five, writing that Beyoncé's vocals on the song are passionate. He praised the lyrics for not being overwritten and commended their \"\"emotional punch\"\" and \"\"very strong melody\"\" which he said can make people feel that they have always known the song. Pitchfork Media's Ryan Dombal called \"\"If I Were a Boy\"\" an \"\"effective and affecting gender-bender\"\". Allmusic writer Andy Kellman felt", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 48 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10098986", "chunk_text": "\"Boy for You\"\nBoy for You Boy for You is the first solo album recorded by Astrid Williamson and her Goya Dress colleagues Terry De Costa & Simon Pearson on bass & drums but following record company pressure, Goya Dress broke up and the album released under the name 'Astrid' in 1998. The album was produced by Malcolm Burn, who has previously worked with Daniel Lanois, The Neville Brothers, Iggy Pop, Peter Gabriel, Patti Smith, Midnight Oil, and Shaun Colvin. Originally released on Nude Records, the album was reissued on One Little Indian/Incantation Records in 2006. The song \"\"If I Loved You\"\" was", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 49 } ]
test_3516	when was the bridge over the hoover dam built?	n/a	[ "2010" ]	[]	n/a	n/a	n/a	[]	[ { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14714678", "chunk_text": "\"Mike O'Callaghan–Pat Tillman Memorial Bridge\"\nof Hoover Dam. Construction of the bridge approaches began in 2003, and construction of the bridge itself began in February 2005. The bridge was completed in 2010 and the entire bypass route opened to vehicle traffic on October 19, 2010. The Hoover Dam Bypass project was completed within budget at a cost of $240 million; the bridge portion cost $114 million. The bridge was the first concrete-steel composite arch bridge built in the United States, and incorporates the widest concrete arch in the Western Hemisphere. At above the Colorado River, it is the second highest bridge in the United States", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 0 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1736005", "chunk_text": "\"Hoover Dam\"\nHoover Dam Hoover Dam is a concrete arch-gravity dam in the Black Canyon of the Colorado River, on the border between the U.S. states of Nevada and Arizona. It was constructed between 1931 and 1936 during the Great Depression and was dedicated on September 30, 1935, by President Franklin D. Roosevelt. Its construction was the result of a massive effort involving thousands of workers, and cost over one hundred lives. Originally known as Boulder Dam from 1933, it was officially renamed Hoover Dam, for President Herbert Hoover, by a joint resolution of Congress in 1947. Since about 1900, the Black", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 1 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1736064", "chunk_text": "\"Hoover Dam\"\nHoover Dam Bypass project was expedited. Pending the completion of the bypass, restricted traffic was permitted over Hoover Dam. Some types of vehicles were inspected prior to crossing the dam while semi-trailer trucks, buses carrying luggage, and enclosed-box trucks over long were not allowed on the dam at all, and were diverted to U.S. Route 95 or Nevada State Routes 163/68. The four-lane Hoover Dam Bypass opened on October 19, 2010. It includes a composite steel and concrete arch bridge, the Mike O'Callaghan–Pat Tillman Memorial Bridge, downstream from the dam. With the opening of the bypass, through traffic is no", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 2 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15790567", "chunk_text": "\"Hoover Dam\"\nthe change, stating, \"\"I didn't know Hoover was that small a man to take credit for something he had nothing to do with.\"\" Hoover Dam was recognized as a National Civil Engineering Landmark in 1984. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1981, and was designated a National Historic Landmark in 1985, cited for its engineering innovations. Other sources Hoover Dam Hoover Dam is a concrete arch-gravity dam in the Black Canyon of the Colorado River, on the border between the U.S. states of Nevada and Arizona. It was constructed between 1931 and 1936 during the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 3 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1736051", "chunk_text": "\"Hoover Dam\"\nin his words, \"\"the visages of those Indian tribes who have inhabited mountains and plains from ages distant.\"\" Excavation for the powerhouse was carried out simultaneously with the excavation for the dam foundation and abutments. The excavation of this U-shaped structure located at the downstream toe of the dam was completed in late 1933 with the first concrete placed in November 1933. Filling of Lake Mead began February 1, 1935, even before the last of the concrete was poured that May. The powerhouse was one of the projects uncompleted at the time of the formal dedication on September 30, 1935;", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 4 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15790509", "chunk_text": "\"Hoover Dam\"\nthe river might change course and empty into the Salton Sea. The Board cautioned: \"\"To avoid such possibilities, the proposed dam should be constructed on conservative if not ultra-conservative lines.\"\" On December 21, 1928, President Coolidge signed the bill authorizing the dam. The Boulder Canyon Project Act appropriated $165 million for the Hoover Dam along with the downstream Imperial Dam and All-American Canal, a replacement for Beatty's canal entirely on the U.S. side of the border. It also permitted the compact to go into effect when at least six of the seven states approved it. This occurred on March 6,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 5 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15790511", "chunk_text": "\"Hoover Dam\"\nrock walls of the canyon. The wedge-shaped dam would be thick at the bottom, narrowing to at the top, leaving room for a highway connecting Nevada and Arizona. On January 10, 1931, the Bureau made the bid documents available to interested parties, at five dollars a copy. The government was to provide the materials; but the contractor was to prepare the site and build the dam. The dam was described in minute detail, covering 100 pages of text and 76 drawings. A $2 million bid bond was to accompany each bid; the winner would have to post a $5 million", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 6 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13662313", "chunk_text": "Dam\nof its scale had ever been attempted; on completion, it was the largest masonry dam in the world. The Hoover Dam is a massive concrete arch-gravity dam, constructed in the Black Canyon of the Colorado River, on the border between the US states of Arizona and Nevada between 1931 and 1936 during the Great Depression. In 1928, Congress authorized the project to build a dam that would control floods, provide irrigation water and produce hydroelectric power. The winning bid to build the dam was submitted by a consortium called Six Companies, Inc. Such a large concrete structure had never been", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 7 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6408368", "chunk_text": "\"Glen Canyon Dam Bridge\"\nGlen Canyon Dam Bridge The Glen Canyon Bridge or Glen Canyon Dam Bridge is a steel arch bridge in Coconino County, Arizona, carrying U.S. Route 89 across the Colorado River. The bridge was originally built by the United States Bureau of Reclamation to facilitate transportation of materials for the Glen Canyon Dam, which lies adjacent to the bridge just upstream. The two-lane bridge has an overall length of with a deck above the river, making it the one of the highest bridges in the United States. The bridge was the highest arch bridge in the world when completed in 1959.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 8 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4207772", "chunk_text": "\"Glen Canyon Dam Bridge\"\nGlen Canyon Dam Bridge The Glen Canyon Bridge or Glen Canyon Dam Bridge is a steel arch bridge in Coconino County, Arizona, carrying U.S. Route 89 across the Colorado River. The bridge was originally built by the United States Bureau of Reclamation to facilitate transportation of materials for the Glen Canyon Dam, which lies adjacent to the bridge just upstream. The two-lane bridge has an overall length of with a deck above the river, making it the one of the highest bridges in the United States. The bridge was the highest arch bridge in the world when completed in 1959.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 9 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "885616", "chunk_text": "\"Mike O'Callaghan–Pat Tillman Memorial Bridge\"\nafter the Royal Gorge Bridge, and is the world's highest concrete arch bridge. Upon the completion of the Boulder City Bypass, the bridge has become a part of Interstate 11, concurrent with US 93. In 1935, the American Association of State Highway Officials (AASHO, later AASHTO) authorized a southward extension of U.S. Route 93 from its previous southern terminus in Glendale, Nevada to Kingman, Arizona by way of Las Vegas and Boulder City, crossing the Colorado River on the newly constructed Hoover Dam (also known then as Boulder Dam). Clark County was sparsely populated at the time, with a population", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 10 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1736065", "chunk_text": "\"Hoover Dam\"\nlonger allowed across Hoover Dam; dam visitors are allowed to use the existing roadway to approach from the Nevada side and cross to parking lots and other facilities on the Arizona side. Hoover Dam opened for tours in 1937 after its completion, but following Japan's attack on Pearl Harbor on December 7, 1941, it was closed to the public when the United States entered World War II, during which only authorized traffic, in convoys, was permitted. After the war, it reopened September 2, 1945, and by 1953, annual attendance had risen to 448,081. The dam closed on November 25, 1963,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 11 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1736063", "chunk_text": "\"Hoover Dam\"\nin 1947 by adding flip buckets, which both slow the water and decrease the spillway's effective capacity, in an attempt to eliminate conditions thought to have contributed to the 1941 damage. The 1983 damage, also due to cavitation, led to the installation of aerators in the spillways. Tests at Grand Coulee Dam showed that the technique worked, in principle. There are two lanes for automobile traffic across the top of the dam, which formerly served as the Colorado River crossing for U.S. Route 93. In the wake of the September 11, 2001 terrorist attacks, authorities expressed security concerns and the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 12 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1736025", "chunk_text": "\"Hoover Dam\"\nonly in late fall and winter was the water level in the river low enough to safely divert. Tunneling began at the lower portals of the Nevada tunnels in May 1931. Shortly afterward, work began on two similar tunnels in the Arizona canyon wall. In March 1932, work began on lining the tunnels with concrete. First the base, or invert, was poured. Gantry cranes, running on rails through the entire length of each tunnel were used to place the concrete. The sidewalls were poured next. Movable sections of steel forms were used for the sidewalls. Finally, using pneumatic guns, the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 13 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9783667", "chunk_text": "\"Arlington Memorial Bridge\"\nlaw on February 24, 1925. In 1926 Comptroller General John R. McCarl voided contracts for the construction of the $12.5 million bridge because they called for the hiring of a general contractor and not specific individuals, as he believed the law required. In 1927, Congress changed the law so the contracts could proceed. The Arlington Memorial Bridge Commission oversaw the design and construction of the bridge. Arlington Memorial Bridge opened on January 16, 1932. The dedication ceremony was headed by President Herbert Hoover. Designed by architectural firm McKim, Mead, and White, the neoclassical bridge is long. The bridge cost $7.25", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 14 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15790521", "chunk_text": "\"Hoover Dam\"\nwas forthcoming from Washington. The strike ended. Before the dam could be built, the Colorado River needed to be diverted away from the construction site. To accomplish this, four diversion tunnels were driven through the canyon walls, two on the Nevada side and two on the Arizona side. These tunnels were in diameter. Their combined length was nearly 16,000 ft, or more than . The contract required these tunnels to be completed by October 1, 1933, with a $3,000-per-day fine to be assessed for any delay. To meet the deadline, Six Companies had to complete work by early 1933, since", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 15 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1736038", "chunk_text": "\"Hoover Dam\"\nthat \"\"Hoover Dam's concrete has continued to slowly gain strength\"\" and the dam is composed of a \"\"durable concrete having a compressive strength exceeding the range typically found in normal mass concrete\"\". Hoover Dam concrete is not subject to alkali–silica reaction (ASR), as the Hoover Dam builders happened to use nonreactive aggregate, unlike that at downstream Parker Dam, where ASR has caused measurable deterioration. With most work finished on the dam itself (the powerhouse remained uncompleted), a formal dedication ceremony was arranged for September 30, 1935, to coincide with a western tour being made by President Franklin D. Roosevelt. The", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 16 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8646532", "chunk_text": "\"Hoover Dam\"\nperformance bond. The contractor had seven years to build the dam, or penalties would ensue. The Wattis Brothers, heads of the Utah Construction Company, were interested in bidding on the project, but lacked the money for the performance bond. They lacked sufficient resources even in combination with their longtime partners, Morrison-Knudsen, which employed the nation's leading dam builder, Frank Crowe. They formed a joint venture to bid for the project with Pacific Bridge Company of Portland, Oregon; Henry J. Kaiser & W. A. Bechtel Company of San Francisco; MacDonald & Kahn Ltd. of Los Angeles; and the J.F. Shea Company", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 17 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6779281", "chunk_text": "\"Hoover Dam Police\"\nsecurity for the facility. Because of the September 11, 2001 terrorist attacks, the Hoover Dam Bypass project was expedited and traffic across the dam was restricted. Some types of vehicles were inspected prior to crossing the dam while semi-trailer trucks, buses carrying luggage, and enclosed-box trucks over long were not allowed on the dam at all. That traffic was diverted south to a Colorado River bridge at Laughlin, Nevada. Once the bypass opened on October 19, 2010, all through traffic was rerouted on it; the roadway on the dam is now open only to employees and dam visitors. The Hoover-Mead", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 18 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1736017", "chunk_text": "\"Hoover Dam\"\n1929, with Utah's ratification; Arizona did not approve it until 1944. Even before Congress approved the Boulder Canyon Project, the Bureau of Reclamation was considering what kind of dam should be used. Officials eventually decided on a massive concrete arch-gravity dam, the design of which was overseen by the Bureau's chief design engineer John L. Savage. The monolithic dam would be thick at the bottom and thin near the top, and would present a convex face towards the water above the dam. The curving arch of the dam would transmit the water's force into the abutments, in this case the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 19 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15790507", "chunk_text": "\"Hoover Dam\"\nHerbert Hoover. Initial talks produced no result, but when the Supreme Court handed down the \"\"Wyoming v. Colorado\"\" decision undermining the claims of the upstream states, they became anxious to reach an agreement. The resulting Colorado River Compact was signed on November 24, 1922. Legislation to authorize the dam was introduced repeatedly by two California Republicans, Representative Phil Swing and Senator Hiram Johnson, but representatives from other parts of the country considered the project as hugely expensive and one that would mostly benefit California. The 1927 Mississippi flood made Midwestern and Southern congressmen and senators more sympathetic toward the dam", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 20 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1736006", "chunk_text": "\"Hoover Dam\"\nCanyon and nearby Boulder Canyon had been investigated for their potential to support a dam that would control floods, provide irrigation water and produce hydroelectric power. In 1928, Congress authorized the project. The winning bid to build the dam was submitted by a consortium called Six Companies, Inc., which began construction on the dam in early 1931. Such a large concrete structure had never been built before, and some of the techniques were unproven. The torrid summer weather and lack of facilities near the site also presented difficulties. Nevertheless, Six Companies turned the dam over to the federal government on", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 21 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1736015", "chunk_text": "\"Hoover Dam\"\nproject. On March 12, 1928, the failure of the St. Francis Dam, constructed by the city of Los Angeles, caused a disastrous flood that killed up to 600 people. As that dam was a curved-gravity type, similar in design to the arch-gravity as was proposed for the Black Canyon dam, opponents claimed that the Black Canyon dam's safety could not be guaranteed. Congress authorized a board of engineers to review plans for the proposed dam. The Colorado River Board found the project feasible, but warned that should the dam fail, every downstream Colorado River community would be destroyed, and that", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 22 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1736040", "chunk_text": "\"Hoover Dam\"\noccasion, a three-cent stamp was issued by the United States Post Office Department—bearing the name \"\"Boulder Dam\"\", the official name of the dam between 1933 and 1947. After the ceremony, Roosevelt made the first visit by any American president to Las Vegas. Most work had been completed by the dedication, and Six Companies negotiated with the government through late 1935 and early 1936 to settle all claims and arrange for the formal transfer of the dam to the Federal Government. The parties came to an agreement and on March 1, 1936, Secretary Ickes formally accepted the dam on behalf of", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 23 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1736052", "chunk_text": "\"Hoover Dam\"\na crew of 500 men remained to finish it and other structures. To make the powerhouse roof bombproof, it was constructed of layers of concrete, rock, and steel with a total thickness of about , topped with layers of sand and tar. In the latter half of 1936, water levels in Lake Mead were high enough to permit power generation, and the first three Allis Chalmers built Francis turbine-generators, all on the Nevada side, began operating. In March 1937, one more Nevada generator went online and the first Arizona generator by August. By September 1939, four more generators were operating,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 24 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1736034", "chunk_text": "\"Hoover Dam\"\nJune 6, 1933, 18 months ahead of schedule. Since concrete heats and contracts as it cures, the potential for uneven cooling and contraction of the concrete posed a serious problem. Bureau of Reclamation engineers calculated that if the dam were to be built in a single continuous pour, the concrete would take 125 years to cool, and the resulting stresses would cause the dam to crack and crumble. Instead, the ground where the dam would rise was marked with rectangles, and concrete blocks in columns were poured, some as large as and high. Each five-foot form contained a series of", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 25 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8646536", "chunk_text": "\"Hoover Dam\"\nconstruction contract, while the number of blacks employed by Six Companies never exceeded thirty, mostly lowest-pay-scale laborers in a segregated crew, who were issued separate water buckets. As part of the contract, Six Companies, Inc. was to build Boulder City to house the workers. The original timetable called for Boulder City to be built before the dam project began, but President Hoover ordered work on the dam to begin in March 1931 rather than in October. The company built bunkhouses, attached to the canyon wall, to house 480 single men at what became known as River Camp. Workers with families", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 26 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15790562", "chunk_text": "\"Hoover Dam\"\nreferred to the dam as \"\"Boulder Dam\"\" or as \"\"Boulder Canyon Dam\"\", even though the proposed site had shifted to Black Canyon. The Boulder Canyon Project Act of 1928 (BCPA) never mentioned a proposed name or title for the dam. The BCPA merely allows the government to \"\"construct, operate, and maintain a dam and incidental works in the main stream of the Colorado River at Black Canyon or Boulder Canyon\"\". When Secretary Wilbur spoke at the ceremony starting the building of the railway between Las Vegas and the dam site on September 17, 1930, he named the dam \"\"Hoover Dam\"\",", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 27 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14516669", "chunk_text": "\"Folsom Dam\"\nthe longest electrical distribution system in the world at the time. The remains of the earlier dam can be seen downstream from the Folsom Lake Crossing. Construction of the dam began in 1951 with preliminary excavations for the Folsom Power Plant. The primary contract was awarded to Savin Construction Corp. of East Hartford, Connecticut, and Merritt-Chapman & Scott of New York for $29.5 million, with oversight by the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers. On October 29, 1952, the first concrete was poured for the foundation. Flooding washed out the temporary cofferdam three times in 1953, delaying work and causing damage", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 28 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12887999", "chunk_text": "Morrison-Knudsen\nMorrison-Knudsen Morrison-Knudsen (MK) was an American civil engineering and construction company, with headquarters MK designed and constructed major infrastructure throughout the world and was one of the consortium of firms that built Hoover Dam, San Francisco–Oakland Bay Bridge, the NASA Vehicle Assembly Building, the Trans-Alaska Pipeline, and many other large projects of American MK's origins date to 1905, when Harry Morrison (1885–1971) met Morris Knudsen (1862–1943) while working on the construction of the New York Canal (Boise Project) in southwestern Idaho. Morrison was a 20-year-old concrete superintendent for the Reclamation Service; Knudsen was a forty-something Nebraska farmer (and Danish immigrant)", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 29 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1736041", "chunk_text": "\"Hoover Dam\"\nthe government. Six Companies was not required to complete work on one item, a concrete plug for one of the bypass tunnels, as the tunnel had to be used to take in irrigation water until the powerhouse went into operation. There were 112 deaths reported as associated with the construction of the dam. The first was J. G. Tierney, a surveyor who drowned on December 20, 1922, while looking for an ideal spot for the dam. The last death on the project's official fatality list occurred on December 20, 1935, when an \"\"electrician's helper\"\", Patrick Tierney, the son of J.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 30 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12537514", "chunk_text": "\"Mike O'Callaghan–Pat Tillman Memorial Bridge\"\nor doing nothing. In March 2001 the Federal Highway Administration issued a Record of Decision indicating its selection of the \"\"Sugarloaf Mountain Alternative\"\" routing. The project called for approximately of highway in Nevada, of highway in Arizona, and a bridge that would cross the river downstream (south) of Hoover Dam. Design work began in July 2001. Security measures implemented following the September 11 attacks prohibited commercial truck traffic from driving across Hoover Dam. Prior to the completion of the bridge, through commercial vehicles were required to follow a detour route between Boulder City and Kingman via US 95, Nevada State", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 31 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "885613", "chunk_text": "\"Mike O'Callaghan–Pat Tillman Memorial Bridge\"\nMike O'Callaghan–Pat Tillman Memorial Bridge The Mike O'Callaghan–Pat Tillman Memorial Bridge is an arch bridge in the United States that spans the Colorado River between the states of Arizona and Nevada. The bridge is located within the Lake Mead National Recreation Area approximately southeast of Las Vegas, and carries U.S. Route 93 over the Colorado River. Opened in 2010, it was the key component of the Hoover Dam Bypass project, which rerouted US 93 from its previous routing along the top of Hoover Dam and removed several hairpin turns and blind curves from the route. It is jointly named for", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 32 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1736037", "chunk_text": "\"Hoover Dam\"\nbucket deepened the concrete in a form by only an inch, and Six Companies engineers would not have permitted a flaw caused by the presence of a human body. A total of of concrete was used in the dam before concrete pouring ceased on May 29, 1935. In addition, were used in the power plant and other works. More than of cooling pipes were placed within the concrete. Overall, there is enough concrete in the dam to pave a two-lane highway from San Francisco to New York. Concrete cores were removed from the dam for testing in 1995; they showed", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 33 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1736059", "chunk_text": "\"Hoover Dam\"\nback up to Lake Mead from a pumping station 20 miles downriver. Electricity from the dam's powerhouse was originally sold pursuant to a fifty-year contract, authorized by Congress in 1934, which ran from 1937 to 1987. In 1984, Congress passed a new statute which set power allocations to southern California, Arizona, and Nevada from the dam from 1987 to 2017. The powerhouse was run under the original authorization by the Los Angeles Department of Water and Power and Southern California Edison; in 1987, the Bureau of Reclamation assumed control. In 2011, Congress enacted legislation extending the current contracts until 2067,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 34 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1736062", "chunk_text": "\"Hoover Dam\"\nin 1941. The large spillway tunnels have only been used twice, for testing in 1941 and because of flooding in 1983. Both times, when inspecting the tunnels after the spillways were used, engineers found major damage to the concrete linings and underlying rock. The 1941 damage was attributed to a slight misalignment of the tunnel invert (or base), which caused cavitation, a phenomenon in fast-flowing liquids in which vapor bubbles collapse with explosive force. In response to this finding, the tunnels were patched with special heavy-duty concrete and the surface of the concrete was polished mirror-smooth. The spillways were modified", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 35 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10140171", "chunk_text": "\"All-American Canal\"\n\"\"the Most Dangerous Body of Water in the U.S.\"\" The All-American Canal was authorized along with the Hoover Dam by the 1928 Boulder Canyon Project Act and built in the 1930s by the United States Bureau of Reclamation and Six Companies, Inc.. Its design and construction was supervised by the Bureau's then chief designing engineer, John L. Savage and was completed in 1942. The Bureau of Reclamation owns the canal, but the Imperial Irrigation District operates it. Water for the canal is diverted at the Imperial Diversion Dam. The All-American Canal feeds, from east to west, the Coachella Canal, East", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 36 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19720688", "chunk_text": "\"Heller Ehrman\"\nclients at the time: Wells Fargo Nevada National Bank and the Union Trust Company. 1921: Establishment of Heller Ehrman White & McAuliffe, with Sidney Ehrman entering the partnership in 1905 and Jerome White and Florence McAuliffe joining in 1921. The firm retains this name for more than 84 years. 1929: Florence McAuliffe negotiates the financing for the construction of the San Francisco–Oakland Bay Bridge. 1930: Sidney Ehrman acts as counsel in the formation of the consortium of contractors, Six Companies, Inc., created to build the Hoover Dam. The firm will go on to litigate several cases for the consortium. 1934:", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 37 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13180964", "chunk_text": "\"Folsom Dam\"\nthe dam had been a major artery for the city of Folsom. With its closure, traffic became severely congested during rush hour. The impact was so great that residents and city officials petitioned the federal government to reconsider the road closure, which the government initially considered. Continued security concerns prevented them from re-opening the road and a new bridge, named Folsom Lake Crossing, was constructed and opened on March 28, 2009. During a severe storm in December 1964, the inflow into Folsom Lake reached a record high of per second, with a river release of per second. In February 1986,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 38 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13330649", "chunk_text": "\"Shasta Dam\"\nregion, Shasta was first authorized in the 1930s as a state undertaking. However, bonds did not sell due to the onset of the Great Depression and Shasta was transferred to the federal Bureau of Reclamation as a public works project. Construction started in earnest in 1937 under the supervision of Chief Engineer Frank Crowe. During its building, the dam provided thousands of much-needed jobs; it was finished twenty-six months ahead of schedule in 1945. When completed, the dam was the second-tallest in the United States after Hoover, and was considered one of the greatest engineering feats of all time. Even", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 39 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1736026", "chunk_text": "\"Hoover Dam\"\noverheads were filled in. The concrete lining is thick, reducing the finished tunnel diameter to . The river was diverted into the two Arizona tunnels on November 13, 1932; the Nevada tunnels were kept in reserve for high water. This was done by exploding a temporary cofferdam protecting the Arizona tunnels while at the same time dumping rubble into the river until its natural course was blocked. Following the completion of the dam, the entrances to the two outer diversion tunnels were sealed at the opening and halfway through the tunnels with large concrete plugs. The downstream halves of the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 40 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1736007", "chunk_text": "\"Hoover Dam\"\nMarch 1, 1936, more than two years ahead of schedule. Hoover Dam impounds Lake Mead, the largest reservoir in the United States by volume (when it is full). The dam is located near Boulder City, Nevada, a municipality originally constructed for workers on the construction project, about southeast of Las Vegas, Nevada. The dam's generators provide power for public and private utilities in Nevada, Arizona, and California. Hoover Dam is a major tourist attraction; nearly a million people tour the dam each year. The heavily traveled U.S. Route 93 (US 93) ran along the dam's crest until October 2010, when", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 41 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11263011", "chunk_text": "\"Glen Canyon Dam\"\nequipment. The contract for building the bridge was awarded to Peter Kiewit Sons and the Judson Pacific Murphy Co. for $4 million and construction began in late 1956, reaching completion on August 11, 1957. When finished, the steel arch Glen Canyon Bridge was itself a marvel of engineering: at long and rising above the river, it was the highest bridge of its kind in the United States and one of the highest in the world. The bridge soon became a major tourist attraction. The March 1959 issue of \"\"LIFE\"\" reported that \"\"motorists [were] driving miles out of their way just", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 42 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "693369", "chunk_text": "\"Hard hat\"\nthat served as their inspiration. On the Hoover Dam project in 1931, hard hat use was mandated by Six Companies, Inc. In 1933, construction began on the Golden Gate Bridge in San Francisco California. Construction workers were required to wear hard hats, by order of Joseph Strauss, project chief engineer. Strauss strove to create a safe workplace; hence, he installed safety nets and required hard hats to be worn while on the job site. Strauss also asked Bullard to create a hard hat to protect workers who performed sandblasting. Bullard produced a design that covered the worker's face, provided a", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 43 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11594364", "chunk_text": "\"History of Las Vegas\"\nLas Vegas in a desperate state. On July 3, 1930, President Herbert Hoover signed the appropriation bill for the Boulder Dam. The dam was later renamed the Hoover Dam during the Truman administration. Work started on the dam in 1931 and Las Vegas' population swelled from around 5,000 citizens to 25,000, with most of the newcomers looking for a job building the dam. However, the demographic of the work force consisting of males from across the country with no attachment to the area created a market for large scale entertainment. A combination of local Las Vegas business owners, and Mafia", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 44 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8646534", "chunk_text": "\"Hoover Dam\"\nto be the headquarters for the dam construction, closing its many speakeasies when the decision maker, Secretary of the Interior Ray Wilbur, came to town. Instead, Wilbur announced in early 1930 that a model city was to be built in the desert near the dam site. This town became known as Boulder City, Nevada. Construction of a rail line joining Las Vegas and the dam site began in September 1930. Soon after the dam was authorized, increasing numbers of unemployed people converged on southern Nevada. Las Vegas, then a small city of some 5,000, saw between 10,000 and 20,000 unemployed", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 45 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8452839", "chunk_text": "\"Gordon Kaufmann\"\nGordon Kaufmann Gordon Bernie Kaufmann (19 March 1888 – 1 March 1949) was an English-born American architect mostly known for his work on the Hoover Dam. Gordon Kaufmann was born in 1888 in Forest Hill, London, England and graduated from London Polytechnic Institute, circa 1908. Kaufmann then moved to Vancouver, BC, where he spent the next six years. He arrived in California in 1914 and settled in Fresno, CA. During his early career, he did much work in the Mediterranean Revival Style, which had become popular at that time. He was also the initial architect for Scripps College, a liberal", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 46 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10836479", "chunk_text": "\"Interstate Bridge\"\nConstruction on the bridge began in March 1915, following the sale of bonds. The first bridge was opened on February 14, 1917 at a cost of $1.75 million (equivalent to $ million in ), which was shared between Clark County and Multnomah County. Clark County paid $500,000 and Multnomah County $1,250,000—probably proportional to population. The first bridge has a total of 13 steel spans, with three measuring in length and the remaining ten spans each. Piers sit atop pile caps on wooden pilings approximately 70 feet deep. One of the spans is the lift span for allowing river traffic under", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 47 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13198457", "chunk_text": "\"Gillespie Dam\"\napron at the foot of the dam to allow for vehicular crossings. As the dam was a simple spillover construction, during times of heavy runoff cars would have to be pulled through the flow by trucks, and during floods could not cross at all. In anticipation of the formation of the United States Highway System in 1926, the Highway Department commissioned the construction of the Gillespie Dam Bridge, a steel truss bridge just downstream from the dam. The bridge was completed and opened to traffic on August 1, 1927 at a cost of US$320,000 (\"\"US$3,950,000 in 2007\"\"). The bridge, which", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 48 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1508612", "chunk_text": "\"Cotter Bridge\"\nstate approved the use of toll bridges in 1927, as long as they became free upon payment of the debt. Judge R.M. Ruthven concealed a damning feasibility report from the Highway Commission, which would've resulted in the bridge being built elsewhere. Twenty years later, he allegedly mailed the report to the Commission anyway. President Calvin Coolidge signed the bridge into construction on May 2, 1928, and upon approval by the War Department, the bridge was contracted to James Barney Marsh. The bridge was contracted to a company from Nashville, Tennessee in 1929, and they used as much local labor as", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 49 } ]
test_3517	who plays auggie in the movie the wonder?	n/a	[ "Jacob Tremblay" ]	[]	n/a	n/a	n/a	[]	[ { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16865446", "chunk_text": "\"Wonder (film)\"\nhad departed from the project. In October 2014, John Krokidas was reported to be directing the film, though in April 2015, Paul King was hired to direct instead. Steven Conrad was writing the script at that time. On April 14, 2016, Jacob Tremblay was cast to play the lead role, Auggie Pullman, while Julia Roberts was in talks to play Auggie's mother. On May 5, 2016, Roberts' casting was confirmed, and Stephen Chbosky was set as the film's director. On June 27, 2016, Owen Wilson joined to play Auggie's father. On July 11, 2016, newcomer Noah Jupe joined the cast", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 0 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4328693", "chunk_text": "\"Wonder (film)\"\nfor Best Makeup and Hairstyling. (Jacob Tremblay) is a 10-year-old boy living in North River Heights in upper Manhattan, New York, with his mother Isabel (Julia Roberts), father Nate (Owen Wilson), older sister Olivia \"\"Via\"\" (Izabela Vidovic), and dog Daisy. He has a rare medical facial deformity, which he refers to as \"\"mandibulofacial dysostosis\"\", and has undergone 27 different surgeries as a result. Auggie has been home-schooled, but as he approaches fifth grade, his parents decide to enroll him in Beecher Prep, a private school. Before the school year begins, Auggie meets with Mr. Tushman (Mandy Patinkin), the principal, who", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 1 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16865447", "chunk_text": "\"Wonder (film)\"\nas Auggie's best friend at school, and on July 15, 2016, Daveed Diggs was cast as Mr. Browne, an English teacher at the school. On August 19, 2016, Sônia Braga joined the cast, portraying the role of Roberts's character's mother. Tremblay's prosthetic makeup, designed and created by Arjen Tuiten, took an hour and a half to apply. It consisted of a skull cap with prosthetic ears attached, a facial prosthetic that covered Tremblay's face, and a wig to tie it all together. Marcelo Zarvos composed the film's score. Filming took place in several locations in British Columbia, Canada, and Coney", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 2 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16865452", "chunk_text": "\"Wonder (film)\"\nthe disease as Auggie as undermining the film's message. Wonder (film) Wonder is a 2017 American comedy-drama film, directed by Stephen Chbosky, written by Jack Thorne, Steve Conrad, and Chbosky, based on the 2012 novel of the same name by R. J. Palacio, and starring Julia Roberts, Owen Wilson, Jacob Tremblay, Mandy Patinkin, and Daveed Diggs. The film, which follows a boy with Treacher Collins syndrome trying to fit in, was released in the United States on November 17, 2017, by Lionsgate. It received positive reviews from critics and audiences, and grossed $305 million worldwide on a $20 million budget.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 3 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4328694", "chunk_text": "\"Wonder (film)\"\narranges a tour for him with three other students: Jack Will (Noah Jupe), Julian Albans (Bryce Gheisar), and Charlotte Cody (Elle McKinnon). When school starts, Auggie is initially ostracized by nearly the entire student body, but soon forms a close friendship with Jack. For Halloween, Auggie dresses in a Ghostface mask and cloak when Daisy ruins the Boba Fett costume he was planning to wear. He walks through school upbeat and confident due to the anonymity his costume affords him. However, as he enters his homeroom, he overhears Jack, who does not recognize him, joining in with Julian and his", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 4 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4328692", "chunk_text": "\"Wonder (film)\"\nWonder (film) Wonder is a 2017 American comedy-drama film, directed by Stephen Chbosky, written by Jack Thorne, Steve Conrad, and Chbosky, based on the 2012 novel of the same name by R. J. Palacio, and starring Julia Roberts, Owen Wilson, Jacob Tremblay, Mandy Patinkin, and Daveed Diggs. The film, which follows a boy with Treacher Collins syndrome trying to fit in, was released in the United States on November 17, 2017, by Lionsgate. It received positive reviews from critics and audiences, and grossed $305 million worldwide on a $20 million budget. At the 90th Academy Awards, the film was nominated", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 5 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4328695", "chunk_text": "\"Wonder (film)\"\nfriends in making fun of him behind his back. He becomes sick, forcing his mother to abandon her mother-daughter day with Via to bring him home. Though she is hurt, Via convinces Auggie to go trick-or-treating with her, as she has been rejected by her own former best friend Miranda (Danielle Rose Russell). Eventually, Auggie forms a new friendship with a girl named Summer (Millie Davis) and confides in her about his split with Jack. Jack, puzzled by Auggie's change in attitude toward him, asks Summer why, but she will only give him the clue \"\"Ghost Face\"\". In science class,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 6 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7007514", "chunk_text": "\"Wonder (film)\"\na romantic relationship. Via is selected to be an understudy for Miranda in the lead role in the school's production of \"\"Our Town\"\", but on opening night, Miranda, whose divorced parents are not there to support her, pretends to be ill after learning Via's family is attending. Via takes her place and gives a moving performance that earns her a standing ovation. Via and Miranda then reconcile. Auggie continues to be bullied by Julian and his friends. Finally, Auggie's homeroom teacher, Mr. Browne (Daveed Diggs), discovers the bullying, and Mr. Tushman confronts Julian and his parents (Crystal Lowe and Steve", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 7 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16865445", "chunk_text": "\"Wonder (film)\"\naccepted by his classmates. At the year-end graduation ceremony, Auggie is given the Henry Ward Beecher Medal for standing out among his classmates and receives a standing ovation. The movie ends with everyone applauding Auggie, and Isabel commenting on him being a \"\"wonder\"\". On November 27, 2012, it was announced that Lionsgate was developing a feature film adaptation of R. J. Palacio's debut novel \"\"Wonder\"\", and were in talks with John August to write the screenplay. Mandeville Films' David Hoberman and Todd Lieberman produced the film. On May 8, 2013, Jack Thorne was hired to adapt the novel after August", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 8 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4328696", "chunk_text": "\"Wonder (film)\"\nrealization dawns on him, and he resolves to partner with Auggie instead of Julian for the school science fair. When Julian angrily confronts him in the hallway and calls Auggie a \"\"freak\"\", Jack punches him and the two fight. Jack writes a letter apologizing to Mr. Tushman for his actions, and Mr. Tushman, understanding Jack was defending his friend, suspends him for two days rather than expelling him. Jack later apologizes to Auggie and they reconcile. Meanwhile, Via signs up for Drama Club at her high school after meeting a boy named Justin (Nadji Jeter), with whom she soon begins", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 9 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12987842", "chunk_text": "\"Auggie Rose\"\ngunman, he sees Lucy, who greets him with, \"\"Hi, Auggie.\"\" Originally William H. Macy was going to play John C. Nolan, but he dropped out because of scheduling conflicts and was replaced by Jeff Goldblum less than two weeks before shooting started. The film was shot on location in Los Angeles. \"\"Auggie Rose\"\" received mixed reviews from critics. It holds a 54% approval rating, based on 13 reviews, on review aggregator Rotten Tomatoes. Writing for \"\"Variety\"\", David Stratton wrote a negative review of the film upon its release at the 2000 Cannes Film Festival when it was searching for a", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 10 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3287627", "chunk_text": "\"Wonder (Palacio novel)\"\nand Owen Wilson as Isabel and Nate Pullman respectively, and Jacob Tremblay as August Pullman was released on November 17, 2017 by Lionsgate. \"\"Auggie and Me\"\" is not a sequel but a companion book to \"\"Wonder\"\" (although \"\"The Julian Chapter\"\" serves as one). It contains three stories, each telling the events of \"\"Wonder\"\" from different perspectives. The first story, called \"\"The Julian Chapter\"\", is told from the point of view of school bully Julian where he explains why he mistreats Auggie and if he will change. The second, called \"\"Pluto\"\", focuses on August Pullman's life before Beecher Prep and is", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 11 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16865444", "chunk_text": "\"Wonder (film)\"\nBacic) with the evidence. Julian's parents defend his actions and assert that the students should not be exposed to Auggie, but despite their threats to pull their funding from the school, Tushman suspends Julian for two days, causing him to miss an upcoming nature retreat. Julian is distraught when his parents then declare he will not be back the following year, and apologizes to Tushman for his actions, which Tushman accepts. At the nature retreat, Auggie and Jack are threatened by a trio of seventh graders from another school, but Julian's friends come to their defense. Auggie then becomes more", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 12 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13458405", "chunk_text": "\"Noah Jupe\"\nHurt and Charles Dance; had one of the lead roles, the son of Matt Damon's character, in the black comedy film, \"\"Suburbicon\"\", directed by George Clooney; and appeared in the comedy-drama \"\"Wonder\"\" as Jack Will, best friend to Auggie Pullman (played by Jacob Tremblay). In 2018, he starred with Sam Worthington and Tom Wilkinson in science fiction film \"\"The Titan\"\", and alongside Emily Blunt and John Krasinski in the well-reviewed horror film \"\"A Quiet Place\"\". Krasinski, who cowrote and directed the film, cast Jupe on the recommendation of Clooney. Jupe will next star in the short film adaptation of Stephen", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 13 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15344209", "chunk_text": "\"Boy Wonder (film)\"\nBoy Wonder (film) Boy Wonder is a 2010 American psychological thriller about vigilantism. The film was written and directed by Michael Morrissey and stars Caleb Steinmeyer, Zulay Henao, Bill Sage, Tracy Middendorf, Daniel Stewart Sherman, Chuck Cooper, and James Russo. A young boy named Sean Donovan lives with his mother and abusive alcoholic father. A carjacker attacks his family one night, which results in his mother's murder. Afterward, his father Terry moves them to a nicer neighborhood. Ten years later, Sean is an excellent student but is antisocial and distant from his peers. He sees abuse in everyday arguments among", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 14 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10015995", "chunk_text": "\"To the Wonder\"\nTo the Wonder To the Wonder is a 2012 American experimental romantic drama film written and directed by Terrence Malick and starring Ben Affleck, Olga Kurylenko, Rachel McAdams, and Javier Bardem. Filmed in Oklahoma and Paris, the film chronicles a couple who, after falling in love in Paris, struggle to keep their relationship from falling apart after moving to the United States. The film premiered in competition at the 2012 Venice Film Festival, where it was nominated for the Golden Lion Award. It received mixed reactions at its premiere in Venice, but was awarded the SIGNIS Award at the same", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 15 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12987843", "chunk_text": "\"Auggie Rose\"\ndistributor. Stratton wrote, \"\"An attractive and intriguing premise is given disappointingly mundane treatment in \"\"Auggie Rose\"\", which starts strongly but falters badly in the later going. Names of Jeff Goldblum and Anne Heche probably won't be enough to drag a significant amount of theatrical coin out of this one, but vidbin sales are more promising.\"\" However, another \"\"Variety\"\" reviewer, Dennis Harvey, gave a positive review a year later following the film's limited theatrical release. Harvey wrote that the film could have potential as a sleeper hit, praising Goldblum's performance in particular: \"\"The most entertaining deer-caught-in-the-headlights eyes in showbiz are well", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 16 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13042666", "chunk_text": "\"To the Wonder\"\n\"\"To the Wonder\"\" the SIGNIS Award at the Venice Film Festival, said of the film: \"\"The film’s rich composition, textured direction, and its use of light bring together elements of divinity and humanity ultimately creating a sacramental experience which reveals God’s gift of unconditional love.\"\" The film appeared on a few critics' top ten lists of the best films of 2013. To the Wonder To the Wonder is a 2012 American experimental romantic drama film written and directed by Terrence Malick and starring Ben Affleck, Olga Kurylenko, Rachel McAdams, and Javier Bardem. Filmed in Oklahoma and Paris, the film chronicles", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 17 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1239315", "chunk_text": "\"Auggie Rose\"\na role calling for uncertainty and confusion. Writer-director Matthew Tabak had the insight to see Goldblum in this way.\"\" Elvis Mitchell of \"\"The New York Times\"\" gave a negative review, writing, \"\"Despite the potential of the material, there is little action to accompany it. In fact, there's so little going on in \"\"Auggie Rose\"\" that the movie begins to feel like a coffeehouse conversation about a movie that's all about meanings and motif rather than substance and characters.\"\" Auggie Rose Auggie Rose, also known as Beyond Suspicion, is a 2000 American drama film starring Jeff Goldblum and Anne Heche. It", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 18 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7460089", "chunk_text": "\"Wonder Park\"\nWonder Park Wonder Park is an upcoming 2019 American-Spanish computer animated adventure comedy film produced by Paramount Animation and Nickelodeon Movies, with Ilion Animation Studios handling animation. Directed by David Feiss, Clare Kilner and Robert Iscove, the film is set to star Brianna Denski, Matthew Broderick, Jennifer Garner, Ken Hudson Campbell, Kenan Thompson, Ken Jeong, Mila Kunis, John Oliver, Kath Soucie, David Cross and Norbert Leo Butz. The film is set to be released on March 15, 2019 by Paramount Pictures. A television series based on the film will debut the same year on Nickelodeon, making it the third animated", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 19 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11064875", "chunk_text": "Wonder-ful\nupcoming Broadway revival of \"\"Funny Girl\"\"; he tells the club the good news and encourages them to perform Stevie Wonder songs to celebrate the wonderful things in their lives. Kitty Wilde (Becca Tobin) finds out that Artie Abrams (Kevin McHale) has been accepted in a film school in New York City but scared of how his mother will react to him living in New York by himself he doesn't tell her. She performs \"\"Signed, Sealed, Delivered I'm Yours\"\" to encourage him to go, but Artie remains decided about staying. Kitty then approaches Nancy Abrams (Katey Sagal), who is surprised to", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 20 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18216005", "chunk_text": "\"Daveed Diggs\"\nmusic for it, as well as guest starring on it. He will also star in the upcoming television adaption of \"\"Snowpiercer\"\". In early 2018, Diggs was featured in several television commercials for the Zelle digital payment service. Diggs had his Hollywood film debut in the Disney animated film \"\"Zootopia\"\", for which he wrote and performed the \"\"Parlez Vous Rap\"\". Diggs appeared in the 2017 film \"\"Wonder\"\", starring Julia Roberts and Owen Wilson. Diggs played the schoolteacher of the protagonist, a boy with a facial deformity. Diggs had a voice role in the animated film \"\"Ferdinand\"\", in which he played the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 21 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "361014", "chunk_text": "\"To the Wonder\"\nthe prayer of St. Patrick (\"\"Christ with me. Christ before me. Christ behind me...\"\"). A few years later, Neil is seen with what looks like his family. Marina is shown walking in a rain-drenched, pastoral setting. In a state of ecstatic discovery, she turns to see a brilliant, golden light pass over her face. \"\"The Wonder\"\" – Mont Saint-Michel – remains rooted to the earth with its spire piercing heaven. When announced in February 2010, the film was set to co-star Christian Bale. Bale ultimately dropped out of the production and was replaced by Ben Affleck; Rachel McAdams also joined", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 22 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10015996", "chunk_text": "\"To the Wonder\"\nfestival. The film continued to polarize critics upon its theatrical release, with many praising Malick's direction and Lubezki's cinematography, though finding the narrative emotionally unsatisfying. Neil (Ben Affleck) is an American traveling in Europe who in Paris meets and falls in love with Marina (Olga Kurylenko), a Ukrainian divorcée who is living with her 10-year-old daughter Tatiana (Tatiana Chiline). Basking in their new romance, the lovers travel to Mont St. Michel, the island abbey off the coast of Normandy. Neil makes a commitment to Marina, inviting her to relocate with Tatiana to his native Oklahoma. Neil takes a job as", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 23 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14597296", "chunk_text": "\"Eileen April Boylan\"\nEileen April Boylan Eileen April Boylan (born May 10, 1987) is an American film and television actress. She stands 5'1\"\" and is of Filipino and Irish descent. Boylan was born in Acton, California, the daughter of Merlie Baris and Frank Boylan. She has one brother Tommy Boylan, and multiple half-siblings including David Boylan. Boylan made her film debut playing a younger version of the title character in the 2001 film \"\"Alex in Wonder\"\" (a.k.a. \"\"Sex and a Girl\"\"). In 2004, she starred opposite Alexa Vega and Sara Paxton in the film \"\"Sleepover\"\". She starred in her first leading role playing", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 24 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20221611", "chunk_text": "\"Atticus Shaffer\"\na devout Christian, and does a daily Bible study with his mother, alternating between the Old and the New Testaments. Atticus Shaffer Atticus Shaffer (born June 19, 1998) is an American actor known for portraying Brick Heck on the ABC sitcom \"\"The Middle\"\", as well as for voicing Edgar in the film \"\"Frankenweenie\"\" (2012), Ono on the Disney Junior series \"\"The Lion Guard\"\", and for his brief appearance in \"\"Hancock\"\" (2008). Shaffer was born in Santa Clarita, California, the son of Ron and Debbie Shaffer. He lives in Acton, California. Shaffer has type four osteogenesis imperfecta, a condition involving a", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 25 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6881522", "chunk_text": "\"To the Wonder\"\nan environmental inspector, and Marina settles into her life in the United States. After some time, the couple’s passionate romance cools. Marina finds solace with the Catholic priest Father Quintana (Javier Bardem), who is undergoing his own crisis of faith. Tatiana begins to feel homesick due to not having made friends at her school, and complains that Neil is not her real father. Some time later, Marina tells Neil that her visa has expired, and she and her daughter return to France. Continuing his work as an environmental inspector, Neil reconnects with Jane (Rachel McAdams), a childhood friend. Jane tells", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 26 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20221610", "chunk_text": "\"Atticus Shaffer\"\nAtticus Shaffer Atticus Shaffer (born June 19, 1998) is an American actor known for portraying Brick Heck on the ABC sitcom \"\"The Middle\"\", as well as for voicing Edgar in the film \"\"Frankenweenie\"\" (2012), Ono on the Disney Junior series \"\"The Lion Guard\"\", and for his brief appearance in \"\"Hancock\"\" (2008). Shaffer was born in Santa Clarita, California, the son of Ron and Debbie Shaffer. He lives in Acton, California. Shaffer has type four osteogenesis imperfecta, a condition involving a defect in type 1 collagen, which causes fragile bones, and short stature as he is 4' 8\"\" tall. Shaffer is", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 27 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3287619", "chunk_text": "\"Wonder (Palacio novel)\"\nspin-offs, including the calendar book \"\"365 Days of Wonder: Mr. Browne's Book of Precepts\"\" and \"\"Auggie and Me\"\" have been published. A film adaptation was released in 2017. August \"\"Auggie\"\" Pullman is a homeschooled fifth-grader living in North River Heights in Upper Manhattan with his parents. He has a medical condition, often equated with Treacher Collins syndrome, which has left his face disfigured. Due to his condition, August has been homeschooled by his mother; however, wanting him to experience a larger world, his parents enroll him into Beecher Middle School for the start of fifth grade. August has a sister,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 28 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18868375", "chunk_text": "\"Terrence Malick\"\nfeature, \"\"To the Wonder\"\", was shot predominantly in Bartlesville, Oklahoma; a few scenes were filmed in Pawhuska, Oklahoma and at the Tulsa Port of Catoosa. The film stars Ben Affleck, Rachel McAdams, Olga Kurylenko, and Javier Bardem. \"\"To the Wonder\"\" had its world premiere at the 69th Venice International Film Festival on September 2, 2012, and opened theatrically in the United States on April 12, 2013. Critical response to the film was markedly divided, and the work has been described as \"\"arguably [Malick's] most derided\"\". On November 1, 2011, Filmnation Entertainment announced international sales for Malick's next two projects: \"\"Lawless\"\"", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 29 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11064876", "chunk_text": "Wonder-ful\nlearn about Artie. After being confronted by his mother, Artie admits he is afraid to be on his own, but Nancy assures him he'll adapt, and Artie decides to go to New York. Mercedes Jones (Amber Riley), who is recording her first album, returns to Lima with Mike Chang (Harry Shum, Jr.) and Kurt Hummel (Chris Colfer) to help coach New Directions for Regionals. She helps Marley Rose (Melissa Benoist) improve her voice, and the two sing \"\"Superstition\"\" alongside Blaine Anderson (Darren Criss) in the auditorium. Kurt learns his father Burt Hummel's (Mike O'Malley) cancer is in remission, and celebrates", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 30 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14461412", "chunk_text": "\"Wonder Man (film)\"\nWonder Man (film) Wonder Man is a 1945 musical film starring Danny Kaye and Virginia Mayo. It is based on a short story by Arthur Sheekman, adapted for the screen by a staff of writers led by Jack Jevne and Eddie Moran, produced by Samuel Goldwyn, and directed by H. Bruce Humberstone. Mary Grant designed the film's costumes. Danny Kaye plays a double role as a pair of estranged \"\"super-identical (monozygotic) twins\"\", with very similar looks, but very different personalities. Buster Dingle, who goes by the stage name \"\"Buzzy Bellew\"\", is a loud and goofy performer at a classy nightclub", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 31 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6722580", "chunk_text": "\"Dan Lauria\"\nDan Lauria Daniel Joseph Lauria (born April 12, 1947) is an American actor, best known for his role as Jack Arnold in \"\"The Wonder Years\"\". Lauria, an Italian-American, was born in Brooklyn, New York, the son of Carmela (née Luongo) and Joseph J. Lauria. He also lived in Lindenhurst, New York. He graduated from Lindenhurst Senior High School in 1965 as a varsity football player, and he briefly taught physical education at Lindenhurst High School. A Vietnam War veteran, Lauria served as an officer in the United States Marine Corps; he served at the same point in his life that", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 32 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12987833", "chunk_text": "\"Auggie Rose\"\nAuggie Rose Auggie Rose, also known as Beyond Suspicion, is a 2000 American drama film starring Jeff Goldblum and Anne Heche. It was originally shown on Cinemax and then released on video with the title \"\"Beyond Suspicion\"\" before a limited theatrical release in San Francisco, Los Angeles and New York City. Life insurance salesman John Nolan (Jeff Goldblum) goes to the liquor store where he witnesses the fatal shooting of Auggie Rose (Kim Coates), an ex-convict on his second day as a stock boy. Auggie was returning from the back of the store with a bottle of wine John had", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 33 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10070951", "chunk_text": "\"Christopher McDonald\"\nChristopher McDonald Christopher McDonald (born February 15, 1955) is an American actor. He is known for his roles as Darryl Dickinson in \"\"Thelma & Louise\"\" (1991), Shooter McGavin in \"\"Happy Gilmore\"\" (1996), Ward Cleaver in the film adaptation of \"\"Leave It to Beaver\"\" (1997), Kent Mansley in \"\"The Iron Giant\"\" (1999), Tappy Tibbons in \"\"Requiem for a Dream\"\" (2000), and Mel Allen in the HBO film \"\"61*\"\" (2001). McDonald was born in New York City, the son of Patricia, a nursing professor and real estate agent, and James R. McDonald, an educator and high school principal. Of Irish descent and", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 34 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4424616", "chunk_text": "\"Stephen Chbosky\"\nrecently, he directed the 2017 drama \"\"Wonder\"\", starring Julia Roberts, Owen Wilson, and Jacob Tremblay. Chbosky was born in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, and was raised in the Pittsburgh suburb of Upper St. Clair, Pennsylvania. He is the son of Lea (née Meyer), a tax preparer, and Fred G. Chbosky, a steel company executive and consultant to CFOs. Chbosky has a sister, Stacy, who is married to director John Erick Dowdle. He was raised Catholic. As a teenager, Chbosky \"\"enjoyed a good blend of the classics, horror, and fantasy.\"\" He was heavily influenced by J. D. Salinger's novel \"\"The Catcher in the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 35 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10673893", "chunk_text": "\"Auggie Rose\"\nof Goldblum's talent, writing, \"\"\"\"Auggie Rose\"\" is one of those go-out-for-coffee-afterward-and-talk-about-it movies, and those are always welcome. It's about identity and existential angst and stars that master of psychic dislocation, Jeff Goldblum. In Hollywood films, Goldblum gets to act smirky and amusing. Yet his delivery of lines has often implied a psychological complexity that few filmmakers have bothered to tap. Goldblum always seems to be listening to and weighing his own thoughts ... and then saying them in a rush, lest he think something else and disagree with himself before he's finished. He is exactly the actor to cast in", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 36 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20176747", "chunk_text": "\"Wonder Wheel (film)\"\nplayed, but the experience itself was just utterly incredible.\"\" Allen later signed Justin Timberlake in the role of a lifeguard, saying that \"\"I was doing this film and I thought, who could I get that would be an interesting guy to play a lifeguard in about 1950? I was sitting and talking with my brain trust. Someone said, 'What about Justin Timberlake?'\"\" On August 19, 2016, Tony Sirico joined the cast. In September 2016, Jack Gore, Steve Schirripa, and Max Casella rounded out the cast of the film. Principal photography began in Coney Island on September 15, 2016. On the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 37 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13125059", "chunk_text": "\"Jacob Tremblay\"\nJacob Tremblay Jacob Tremblay (; French ; born October 5, 2006) is a Canadian child actor. His breakout performance was his starring role as Jack Newsome in \"\"Room\"\" (2015), for which he won the Critics' Choice Movie Award for Best Young Performer and the Academy of Canadian Cinema and Television Award for Best Performance by an Actor in a Leading Role, and was nominated for the Screen Actors Guild Award for Outstanding Performance by a Male Actor in a Supporting Role. In 2017, he starred as August Pullman, a child with Treacher Collins syndrome, in the drama \"\"Wonder\"\" (2017). Tremblay", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 38 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "361015", "chunk_text": "\"To the Wonder\"\nthe cast. As with its predecessor, \"\"The Tree of Life\"\", and its successor, \"\"Knight of Cups\"\", the film's conception and plot stem from autobiographical elements: Terrence Malick met his second wife Michèle Morette in Paris in the early 1980s, and the couple lived in Oklahoma for a period prior to their separation. When the film entered production it did not have a title, and was referred to by the crew as \"\"Project D\"\". Filming took place primarily in Bartlesville and Pawhuska, Oklahoma, the latter the center of the Osage Nation, and began in September 2010. Additional shooting took place in", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 39 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9228616", "chunk_text": "\"Blue in the Face\"\nin a Motion Picture\"\" for her performance in this picture. \"\"Blue in the Face\"\" features songs by singer Selena. Her bilingual duet with David Byrne, \"\"God's Child (Baila Conmigo)\"\", appears on the film's soundtrack. The film once again centers on the Brooklyn Cigar Store and manager Auggie (Harvey Keitel), although most of the other characters are different. The store owner's frustrated wife Dot (Roseanne) is one of them, and one of the plotlines follows her attempts to seduce Auggie. Madonna, Michael J. Fox, Lily Tomlin, and Lou Reed (as himself) also put in appearances. \"\"Blue In The Face\"\" was shot", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 40 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13680221", "chunk_text": "\"Ricky Mabe\"\nRicky Mabe Richard Mabe (born May 24, 1983) is a Canadian actor. Mabe was born in Pointe-Claire, Quebec. He first voiced the character Willie in CINAR Animation's \"\"The Little Lulu Show\"\" and has subsequently starred frequently on various Canadian television series' and in feature films alongside Burt Reynolds, Ryan Gosling and Elisha Cuthbert. He was also the voice of Timmy Tibble one of the Tibble Twins on the PBS children's animated television program \"\"Arthur\"\", Stig in \"\"Pig City\"\", Freddie Fay in the later season of \"\"The Kids from Room 402\"\" and played Gideon Lustig in several episodes of \"\"Beautiful People\"\".", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 41 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1028207", "chunk_text": "\"Wonder Bar\"\nWonder Bar Wonder Bar is a 1934 American pre-Code movie adaptation of a Broadway musical of the same name directed by Lloyd Bacon with musical numbers created by Busby Berkeley. It starred Al Jolson, Kay Francis, Dolores del Río, Ricardo Cortez, Dick Powell, Guy Kibbee, Ruth Donnelly, Hugh Herbert, Louise Fazenda, Fifi D'Orsay, Merna Kennedy, Henry O'Neill, Robert Barrat, Henry Kolker, and Spencer Charters in the main roles. For its time, \"\"Wonder Bar\"\" was considered risqué, barely passing the censors at the Hays Office. The title is a pun on \"\"wunderbar,\"\" which is German for \"\"wonderful.\"\" \"\"Wonder Bar\"\" is set", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 42 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18994823", "chunk_text": "\"Wonder Wheel (film)\"\nby the filmmaker's own late-career standards. Yes, Coney Island has never looked more gorgeously golden-hued (thanks to cinematographer Vittorio Storaro), but Allen has seldom been less sharp.\"\" Wonder Wheel (film) Wonder Wheel is a 2017 American period drama film written and directed by Woody Allen and starring Jim Belushi, Kate Winslet, Juno Temple, and Justin Timberlake. Set in the early 1950s at an amusement park on Coney Island, the film takes its title from the park's Ferris wheel. The story follows the second wife and the estranged daughter of a carousel operator as they both pursue affairs with a lifeguard.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 43 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5552939", "chunk_text": "\"Wonder Bar\"\n(the trailers promised 'over 250 of the world's most beautiful women'). The film was one of Warners biggest hits of the year. Wonder Bar Wonder Bar is a 1934 American pre-Code movie adaptation of a Broadway musical of the same name directed by Lloyd Bacon with musical numbers created by Busby Berkeley. It starred Al Jolson, Kay Francis, Dolores del Río, Ricardo Cortez, Dick Powell, Guy Kibbee, Ruth Donnelly, Hugh Herbert, Louise Fazenda, Fifi D'Orsay, Merna Kennedy, Henry O'Neill, Robert Barrat, Henry Kolker, and Spencer Charters in the main roles. For its time, \"\"Wonder Bar\"\" was considered risqué, barely passing", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 44 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20775643", "chunk_text": "\"Smoke (film)\"\nof 16th Street and Prospect Park West. On Rotten Tomatoes the film has a rating of 93% based on 29 reviews. It earned $8 million in the United States and $30 million internationally. Won Nominated The film was followed by \"\"Blue in the Face\"\", a sequel of sorts that continues following a few of the characters and introduces several new ones. The character Augustus \"\"Auggie\"\" Wren (played by Harvey Keitel) is modelled after the real-life owner of Augie's Jazz Bar, which closed in 1998. When the establishment reopened in 1999, the new owners could not keep the former establishment's name.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 45 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18844321", "chunk_text": "\"Augie T.\"\nAugie T. Augie T. (born Augusto Tulba in 1968) is a Filipino/Caucasian comedian based in Hawaii. He started his career in comedy in the 1990s but came to prominence in the 2000s. He is influenced by Rap Reiplinger. Augie T also does voice-over work for local radio and television advertisements. \"\"Baywatch\"\" (TV series) 2000–2001 Augie/Plays himself - Boiling Point (2001) ... Augie - Dream Girl (2000) ... Augi - Stone Cold (2000) ... Augie \"\"The Sand Island Drive-In Anthem\"\" (Short) 2005 Plays Bobby \"\"Horsepower\"\" (Short) 2008 Plays Harold \"\"Hawaii Five-0\"\" (TV series) 2010-2011 Plays Kekipi, helicopter pilot - Ke Kinohi", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 46 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19465480", "chunk_text": "\"Todd Graff\"\nDanny in Broadway's \"\"Baby\"\" in 1984. He starred in the 1987 Off-Broadway musical \"\"Birds of Paradise\"\" as Homer. In 2006, Graff directed the stage musical \"\"13\"\" by Jason Robert Brown and Dan Elish at the Mark Taper Forum. In 2009, he co-wrote and directed the film \"\"Bandslam\"\". In 2012 he wrote and directed the film \"\"Joyful Noise\"\". Todd Graff Todd Graff (born October 22, 1959) is an American actor, writer and director, best known for his 2003 independent film \"\"Camp\"\" and his role as Alan \"\"Hippy\"\" Carnes in the 1989 science fiction film \"\"The Abyss\"\". Graff was born in New", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 47 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19730004", "chunk_text": "\"Glenn McCuen\"\nGlenn McCuen Glenn McCuen (born February 3, 1996) is an American actor, model and gymnast, best known for his supporting role as Bodie in the 2010 family film \"\"Marmaduke\"\", and for his starring role as the narcissistic surfer, Aloe on the Nickelodeon teen sitcom, \"\"Bucket & Skinner's Epic Adventures\"\". Glenn McCuen was born on February 3, 1996 in Baton Rouge, Louisiana to parents Glenn McCuen and Kathy Authement-McCuen. Raised in Houma, Louisiana with his older sister, Courtney, McCuen attended Lisa Park Elementary and was active in karate until the age of 8, when he decided to follow in his older", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 48 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18118058", "chunk_text": "\"Lenny the Wonder Dog\"\nLenny the Wonder Dog Lenny the Wonder Dog is a 2004 American comedy film about the eponymous dog, Lenny, directed by Oren Goldman from a screenplay written by Michael Winslow, and filmed on locations in Florida. The cast included many prominent actors and celebrities such as Craig Ferguson and Andy Richter as the voice of Lenny. The movie had television release in Europe and after video release received generally poor reviews. Doctor Island (Joe Morton) has invented a computer microchip he plans to use to train dogs instantly. However, his former colleague, Doctor Wagner (Craig Ferguson), has other plans for", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 49 } ]
test_3518	when was the japanese videogame company nintendo founded?	n/a	[ "23 September 1889" ]	[]	n/a	n/a	n/a	[]	[ { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13997244", "chunk_text": "Nintendo\nNintendo Nintendo Co., Ltd. is a Japanese multinational consumer electronics and video game company headquartered in Kyoto. Nintendo is one of the world's largest video game companies by market capitalisation, creating some of the best-known and top-selling video game franchises, such as \"\"Mario\"\", \"\"The Legend of Zelda\"\", and \"\"Pokémon\"\". Founded on 23 September 1889 by Fusajiro Yamauchi, it originally produced handmade hanafuda playing cards. By 1963, the company had tried several small niche businesses, such as cab services and love hotels. Abandoning previous ventures in favour of toys in the 1960s, Nintendo developed into a video game company in the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 0 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2122119", "chunk_text": "\"History of Nintendo\"\nHistory of Nintendo The history of Nintendo traces back to 1889, when it was founded to produce handmade hanafuda. is a Japanese multinational consumer electronics company headquartered in Kyoto, Japan. It eventually became one of the most prominent figures in today's video game industry, being the world's largest video game company by revenue. Nintendo started out as a small Japanese company, founded by Fusajiro Yamauchi on September 23, 1889, as Nintendo Koppai. Based in Kyoto, Japan, the business produced and marketed \"\"hanafuda\"\". The name \"\"Nintendo\"\" is commonly assumed to mean \"\"leave luck to heaven\"\", but there are no historical records", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 1 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13997245", "chunk_text": "Nintendo\n1970s, ultimately becoming one of the most influential in the industry and Japan's third most-valuable company with a market value of over $85 billion. Nintendo was founded as a playing card company by Fusajiro Yamauchi on 23 September 1889. Based in Kyoto, the business produced and marketed \"\"Hanafuda\"\" cards. The handmade cards soon became popular, and Yamauchi hired assistants to mass-produce cards to satisfy demand. In 1949, the company adopted the name Nintendo Karuta Co., Ltd., doing business as The Nintendo Playing Card Co. outside Japan. Nintendo continues to manufacture playing cards in Japan and organises its own contract bridge", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 2 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8072020", "chunk_text": "\"History of Nintendo\"\nput out \"\"The Legend of Zelda: Breath of the Wild\"\" and \"\"Super Mario Odyssey\"\", both games with critical acclaim that helped sell millions of units in the first year of the new console, eventually culminating with the \"\"Legend of Zelda: Breath of the Wild\"\" being named Game of the Year 2017. History of Nintendo The history of Nintendo traces back to 1889, when it was founded to produce handmade hanafuda. is a Japanese multinational consumer electronics company headquartered in Kyoto, Japan. It eventually became one of the most prominent figures in today's video game industry, being the world's largest video", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 3 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6133869", "chunk_text": "\"Fusajiro Yamauchi\"\nFusajiro Yamauchi Fusajiro Yamauchi (山内房治郎 \"\"Yamauchi, Fusajirō\"\", November 22, 1859 – January 1, 1940) was a Japanese entrepreneur who founded the company that is now known as Nintendo. Yamauchi lived in Kyoto, Japan and had a wife and a daughter, Tei Yamauchi (who later married future Nintendo president and Fusajiro Yamauchi's successor, Sekiryo Kaneda). On November 6, 1889, Fusajiro Yamauchi opened the first “\"\"Hanafuda\"\"” (flower cards) card shop called “\"\"Nintendo Koppai\"\"” during a time when the Japanese government was banning playing cards from the hands of the public, due to them being tied to gambling, with the exception of", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 4 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2122154", "chunk_text": "\"History of Nintendo\"\nIt was released in North America on November 18, 2001, Europe on May 3, 2002, and Australia on May 17, 2002. In January 2002, Minoru Arakawa resigned as president of Nintendo of America, and Nintendo named Tatsumi Kimishima as his successor. In May 2002, Hiroshi Yamauchi stepped down as the president of Nintendo and named Satoru Iwata his successor. During the same year, Nintendo and Chinese-American scientist Dr Wei Yen co-founded iQue to manufacture and distribute official Nintendo consoles and games for the mainland Chinese market under the iQue brand. Nintendo's aggressive business tactics in Europe would catch up to", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 5 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14320640", "chunk_text": "\"Nintendo Entertainment System\"\nNintendo Entertainment System The Nintendo Entertainment System (commonly abbreviated as NES) is an 8-bit home video game console developed and manufactured by Nintendo. It was conceived in Japan as the , commonly known by the portmanteau abbreviation or FC, launched there on July 15, 1983, and rebranded as the NES for release outside of Japan. The NES was launched in the New York City and Los Angeles test markets in 1985, and fully throughout the US in 1986. The NES was launched in Europe during 1986 and 1987, and Australia in 1987. Brazil saw only unlicensed clones until the official", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 6 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2698564", "chunk_text": "\"Nintendo Entertainment System\"\ntested. Nintendo Entertainment System The Nintendo Entertainment System (commonly abbreviated as NES) is an 8-bit home video game console developed and manufactured by Nintendo. It was conceived in Japan as the , commonly known by the portmanteau abbreviation or FC, launched there on July 15, 1983, and rebranded as the NES for release outside of Japan. The NES was launched in the New York City and Los Angeles test markets in 1985, and fully throughout the US in 1986. The NES was launched in Europe during 1986 and 1987, and Australia in 1987. Brazil saw only unlicensed clones until the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 7 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8072010", "chunk_text": "\"History of Nintendo\"\nMarch 2, 2006, and three months later in North America and Europe on June 11 and June 23, 2006, respectively. On May 25, 2006, Reggie Fils-Aimé was promoted to President and COO of Nintendo of America, Inc. The former President, Tatsumi Kimishima, was promoted to Chairman of the Board and CEO. On July 7, 2006, Nintendo officially established a South Korean subsidiary, Nintendo Korea, in the country's capital, Seoul, which replaced Daewon Media as the official distributor of Nintendo products in South Korea. In early August 2006, it was revealed that Nintendo, along with Microsoft, was made the target of", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 8 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1489994", "chunk_text": "\"Nintendo video game consoles\"\nReleased July 15, 1983, the Nintendo Entertainment System (NES) is an 8-bit video game console released by Nintendo in North America, South America, Europe, Asia, Oceania and Africa and was Nintendo's first home video game console released outside Japan. In Japan, it is known as the \"\"Family Computer\"\" (or \"\"Famicom\"\", as it is commonly abbreviated). Selling 61.91 million units worldwide, the NES helped revitalize the video game industry following the video game crash of 1983 and set the standard for subsequent consoles in everything from game design to business practices. The NES was the first console for which the manufacturer", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 9 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1016285", "chunk_text": "Nintendo\nIn 1988, Gunpei Yokoi and his team at Nintendo R&D1 conceived the new Game Boy handheld system, with the purpose of merging the two very successful ideas of the Game & Watch's portability along with the NES's cartridge interchangeability. Nintendo released the Game Boy in Japan on 21 April 1989, and in North America on 31 July 1989. Nintendo of America president Minoru Arakawa managed a deal to bundle the popular third-party game \"\"Tetris\"\" along with the Game Boy, and the pair launched as an instant success. In 1989, Nintendo announced plans to release the successor to the Famicom, the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 10 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2122153", "chunk_text": "\"History of Nintendo\"\nfor a brief time, Nintendo took back their place as the supreme power in the games industry. In 1997, Game Boy and Metroid creator Gunpei Yokoi died in a car accident at the age of 56. On October 13, 1998, the \"\"Game Boy Color\"\" was released in Japan, with releases in North America and Europe a month later. Nintendo released the Game Boy Advance in Japan on March 21, 2001, followed by the North American launch on June 11 and the European launch on June 22. Nintendo released the GameCube home video game console on September 14, 2001, in Japan.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 11 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1016281", "chunk_text": "Nintendo\nto distribute the Magnavox Odyssey video game console in Japan in 1974. Nintendo began to produce its own hardware in 1977, with the Color TV-Game home video game consoles. Four versions of these consoles were produced, each including variations of a single game (for example, Color TV Game 6 featured six versions of \"\"Light Tennis\"\"). A student product developer named Shigeru Miyamoto was hired by Nintendo at this time. He worked for Yokoi, and one of his first tasks was to design the casing for several of the Color TV-Game consoles. Miyamoto went on to create, direct and produce some", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 12 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3417418", "chunk_text": "Nintendo\n1998, Retro Studios was founded as an alliance between Nintendo and former Iguana Entertainment founder Jeff Spangenberg. Nintendo saw an opportunity for the new studio to create games for the upcoming GameCube targeting an older demographic, in the same vein as Iguana Entertainment's successful \"\"\"\" series for the Nintendo 64. In 2001, Nintendo introduced the redesigned Game Boy Advance. The same year, Nintendo also released the GameCube to lukewarm sales, and it ultimately failed to regain the market share lost by the Nintendo 64. When Yamauchi, company president since 1949, retired on 24 May 2002, Satoru Iwata became first Nintendo", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 13 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17366153", "chunk_text": "\"Shigeru Miyamoto\"\nShigeru Miyamoto Miyamoto originally joined Nintendo in 1977, when the company was beginning its foray into video games and starting to abandon the playing cards it had made since 1889. His games have been prominently showcased and widely anticipated as flagship titles of every Nintendo video game console, with his earliest work appearing on arcade machines in the late 1970s. He managed Nintendo's Entertainment Analysis & Development software division, which developed many of the company's first-party titles. As a result of Nintendo president Satoru Iwata's death in July 2015, Miyamoto fulfilled the role of acting president alongside Genyo Takeda until", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 14 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13997247", "chunk_text": "Nintendo\nNintendo Playing Card Co. Ltd. to Nintendo Co., Ltd. The company then began to experiment in other areas of business using newly injected capital during the period of time between 1963 and 1968. Nintendo set up a taxi company called \"\"Daiya\"\". This business was initially successful. However, Nintendo was forced to sell it because problems with the labour unions were making it too expensive to run the service. It also set up a love hotel chain, a TV network, a food company (selling instant rice) and several other ventures. All of these ventures eventually failed, and after the 1964 Tokyo", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 15 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10783065", "chunk_text": "\"History of the Nintendo Entertainment System\"\nHistory of the Nintendo Entertainment System Nintendo's 8-bit video game console, the Nintendo Entertainment System (NES), known in Japan as the or , was introduced after the video game crash of 1983 in North America. It enjoyed a long lifespan and dominated the North American video game market during the late 80's. Facing obsolescence in 1989 with the advent of 16-bit consoles, it was later supplanted by its successor, the Super Nintendo Entertainment System, but support and production continued until 1995. After its discontinuation, interest in the NES has since been renewed by collectors and emulators, including Nintendo's own Virtual", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 16 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13997286", "chunk_text": "Nintendo\nconsole, which released in North America in 1985, and in Europe throughout 1986 and 1987. The console was initially released in Japan as the Family Computer (abbreviated as Famicom) in 1983. The best-selling gaming console of its time, the NES helped revitalise the US video game industry following the video game crash of 1983. With the NES, Nintendo introduced a now-standard business model of licensing third-party developers, authorising them to produce and distribute games for Nintendo's platform. The NES was bundled with \"\"Super Mario Bros.\"\", one of the best-selling video games of all time, and received ports of Nintendo's most", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 17 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8072008", "chunk_text": "\"History of Nintendo\"\ncreate three-dimensional graphics, similar to those of the Nintendo 64, although its lack of hardware support for texture filtering results in more pixelated graphics than on the Nintendo 64. President Satoru Iwata reassigned all of Nintendo's software designers under new managers and different division; most of the resources were allocated to Shigeru Miyamoto and Takashi Tezuka and the Nintendo EAD division. On May 14, 2005, Nintendo opened its first retail store accessible to the general public, Nintendo World Store, at the Rockefeller Center in New York City. It consists of two stories, and contains many kiosks of GameCube, Game Boy", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 18 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3417407", "chunk_text": "Nintendo\nbehind the well-established companies such as Bandai and Tomy. In 1973, its focus shifted to family entertainment venues with the Laser Clay Shooting System, using the same light gun technology used in Nintendo's \"\"Kousenjuu\"\" series of toys, and set up in abandoned bowling alleys. Following some success, Nintendo developed several more light gun machines (such as the light gun shooter game \"\"Wild Gunman\"\") for the emerging arcade scene. While the Laser Clay Shooting System ranges had to be shut down following excessive costs, Nintendo had found a new market. Nintendo's first venture into the video gaming industry was securing rights", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 19 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1016282", "chunk_text": "Nintendo\nof Nintendo's most famous video games and become one of the most recognisable figures in the video game industry. In 1975, Nintendo moved into the video arcade game industry with \"\"EVR Race\"\", designed by their first game designer, Genyo Takeda, and several more games followed. Nintendo had some small success with this venture, but the release of \"\"Donkey Kong\"\" in 1981, designed by Miyamoto, changed Nintendo's fortunes dramatically. The success of the game and many licensing opportunities (such as ports on the Atari 2600, Intellivision and ColecoVision) gave Nintendo a huge boost in profit and in addition, the game also", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 20 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3417410", "chunk_text": "Nintendo\ndeveloped in 1982, by Yokoi for a \"\"Donkey Kong\"\" version. Proven to be popular, the design was patented by Nintendo. It later earned a Technology & Engineering Emmy Award. In 1983, Nintendo launched the Family Computer (colloquialised as \"\"Famicom\"\") home video game console in Japan, alongside ports of its most popular arcade games. In 1985, a cosmetically reworked version of the system known outside Japan as the Nintendo Entertainment System or NES, launched in North America. The practice of bundling the system along with select games helped to make \"\"Super Mario Bros.\"\" one of the best-selling video games in history.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 21 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13997317", "chunk_text": "Nintendo\nestablished The Pokémon Company alongside Creatures and Game Freak in order to effectively manage the Pokémon brand. Similarly, Warpstar Inc. was formed through a joint investment with HAL Laboratory, which was in charge of the animated series. For many years, Nintendo had a policy of strict content guidelines for video games published on its consoles. Although Nintendo allowed graphic violence in its video games released in Japan, nudity and sexuality were strictly prohibited. Former Nintendo president Hiroshi Yamauchi believed that if the company allowed the licensing of pornographic games, the company's image would be forever tarnished. Nintendo of America went", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 22 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2122121", "chunk_text": "\"History of Nintendo\"\ncompany, Marufuku Co., Ltd., to distribute the hanafuda, as well as several other brands of cards that had been introduced by Nintendo. Sekiryo Yamauchi also had only daughters, so again his son-in-law (Shikanojo Inaba, renamed Shikanojo Yamauchi) was adopted into the family. Shikanojo never became president because he abandoned his family. Subsequently, his son Hiroshi was brought up by his grandparents. He later took over the company instead of his father. In 1949, Hiroshi Yamauchi was attending Waseda University in Tokyo, however, after his grandfather died he left to take office as the president of Nintendo. In 1951, he renamed", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 23 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8071976", "chunk_text": "\"History of Nintendo\"\n\"\"Nintendo\"\" by Yamauchi. Nintendo now began to experiment in other areas of business using the newly injected capital. During the period of time between 1963 and 1968, Nintendo set up a taxi company, \"\"love hotel\"\" chain, food company (trying to sell instant rice, similar to instant noodles) and several other things (including a vacuum cleaner, Chiritory, which later appeared as a two-player game in \"\"\"\" in 2003). All these ventures eventually failed, except toymaking, where they had some earlier experience from selling playing cards. In 1964, while Japan was experiencing an economic boom due to the Tokyo Olympics, the playing", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 24 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1489990", "chunk_text": "\"Nintendo video game consoles\"\nNintendo video game consoles The Japanese multinational consumer electronics company Nintendo has developed seven home video game consoles and multiple portable consoles for use with external media, as well as dedicated consoles and other hardware for their consoles. , Nintendo has sold over 722.22 million hardware units. Although the company had earlier released Color TV Game and Game & Watch, which were their first and second systems respectfully, they did not achieve worldwide success until the release of the Nintendo Entertainment System (NES) in 1983. The NES restarted the video game industry after the video game crash of 1983, and", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 25 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7691677", "chunk_text": "\"Nintendo Entertainment System\"\nas a videocassette recorder. The system's hardware limitations led to design principles that still influence the development of modern video games. Many prominent game franchises originated on the NES, including Nintendo's own \"\"Super Mario Bros.\"\", \"\"The Legend of Zelda\"\" and \"\"Metroid\"\", Capcom's \"\"Mega Man\"\" franchise, Konami's \"\"Castlevania\"\" franchise, Square's \"\"Final Fantasy\"\", and Enix's \"\"Dragon Quest\"\" franchises. NES imagery, especially its controller, has become a popular motif for a variety of products, including Nintendo's own Game Boy Advance. Clothing, accessories, and food items adorned with NES-themed imagery are still produced and sold in stores. On July 14, 2016, Nintendo announced the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 26 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2122167", "chunk_text": "\"History of Nintendo\"\nhis death, Shigeru Miyamoto and Genyo Takeda jointly led the company on an interim basis until Tatsumi Kimishima's appointment as Iwata's successor on September 16, 2015. In addition to the appointment, Miyamoto was named \"\"Creative Fellow\"\" while Takeda was named \"\"Technology Fellow\"\". In October 2016, Nintendo revealed a new system called the Nintendo Switch, which was released on March 3, 2017. It is a hybrid video game console with detachable controllers with an emphasis on portability and on the go multiplayer in contrast of the then competitors PlayStation 4 and Xbox One. In the year the Switch was released Nintendo", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 27 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8911148", "chunk_text": "\"History of games\"\nfounder of Nintendo, Fusajiro Yamauchi, initially created Japanese flower cards. These became a huge hit in the western world. Yamauchi Nintendo & Co. was their first company name, then in 1951, the company changed their name to Nintendo Playing Card Co. Ltd. The company created a laser clay shooting system which many took on as a hobby. Nintendo then developed a 16mm projection system in 1974 which also became a huge hit in the western world. Six years later, Nintendo created “Donkey Kong”, a game in which the “Jumpman” has to rescue his girlfriend from the ape. They later named", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 28 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4322872", "chunk_text": "\"Genyo Takeda\"\nGenyo Takeda He joined Nintendo in 1972, and was promoted to his best-known position when the Integrated Research & Development (IRD) division was founded in 1981. At IRD, he mostly worked on improving hardware for home consoles and handhelds, but sometimes developed video games. In software development, he is notable for creating the \"\"Punch-Out!!\"\" and \"\"StarTropics\"\" franchises. He also designed Nintendo's first arcade game, \"\"EVR Race\"\", in 1975. In September 2015, Takeda was promoted to co-representative director and given the title of \"\"Technology Fellow\"\" during the company wide executive shuffle following the death of former company president Satoru Iwata. Genyo", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 29 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10213717", "chunk_text": "\"History of the Nintendo Entertainment System\"\nWii console, which is based on their own emulation technology. Initial titles released included \"\"Mario Bros.\"\", \"\"The Legend of Zelda\"\" and \"\"Donkey Kong\"\", with blockbuster titles such as \"\"Super Mario Bros.\"\", \"\"Punch-Out!!\"\" and \"\"Metroid\"\" appearing in the following months. In 2007, Nintendo Co., Ltd. announced that it would no longer repair Famicom systems, due to an increasing shortage of the necessary parts. History of the Nintendo Entertainment System Nintendo's 8-bit video game console, the Nintendo Entertainment System (NES), known in Japan as the or , was introduced after the video game crash of 1983 in North America. It enjoyed a", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 30 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8071992", "chunk_text": "\"History of Nintendo\"\nIn 1987, \"\"The Legend of Zelda\"\" was released to much critical acclaim. In 1988, Nintendo of America unveiled \"\"Nintendo Power\"\", a monthly news and strategy magazine from Nintendo that served to advertise new games. The first issue published was the July/August edition, which spotlighted the NES game \"\"Super Mario Bros. 2\"\". \"\"Nintendo Power\"\" has since ceased publication with its December 2012 edition. In 1989, Nintendo (which had seen a large amount of success from the Game & Watch) released the Game Boy (both created by Gunpei Yokoi), along with the accompanying game \"\"Tetris\"\". Due to the price, the game and", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 31 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1016289", "chunk_text": "Nintendo\nmillion copies worldwide, making it the second best-selling game in the SNES library. In September 1994, Nintendo, along with six other video game giants including Sega, Electronic Arts, Atari, Acclaim, Philips, and 3DO approached the United States Senate and demanded a ratings system for video games to be enforced, which prompted the decision to create the Entertainment Software Rating Board. Aiming to produce an affordable virtual reality console, Nintendo released the Virtual Boy in 1995, designed by Gunpei Yokoi. The console consists of a head-mounted semi-portable system with one red-colored screen for each of the user's eyes, featuring stereoscopic graphics.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 32 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8071999", "chunk_text": "\"History of Nintendo\"\na new virtual reality console to be called the Virtual Boy. Hiroshi Yamauchi also bought majority shares of the Seattle Mariners in 1992. By May 1993, Nintendo had reportedly become one of the top ten leading companies in the world. In 1993, Nintendo announced plans to develop a new 64-bit console codenamed \"\"Project Reality\"\" that would be capable of rendering fully 3D environments and characters. In 1994, Nintendo also claimed that Project Reality would be renamed \"\"Ultra 64\"\" in the US. The \"\"Ultra 64\"\" moniker was unveiled in arcades on the Nintendo branded fighting game \"\"Killer Instinct\"\" and the racing", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 33 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10525379", "chunk_text": "\"Nintendo Entertainment Analysis & Development\"\nrenamed to Research & Development Department; it had about 20 employees. The department was later consolidated into a division and separated into three groups, Nintendo R&D1, R&D2 and R&D3. After the success of \"\"Donkey Kong\"\", a game designed by Shigeru Miyamoto, the then Nintendo president Hiroshi Yamauchi decided that in addition to the already existing research and development departments he would create a new development department focused around Miyamoto, who would later become one of the most recognized video game designers in the world. In 1983, Nintendo Research & Development 4 (abbreviated to Nintendo R&D4), was officially created, appointing Hiroshi", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 34 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2122120", "chunk_text": "\"History of Nintendo\"\nto validate this assumption. The cards, which were all handmade, soon began to gain in popularity, and Yamauchi had to hire assistants to mass-produce cards to keep up with the demand. Fusajiro Yamauchi did not have a son to take over the family business. Following common Japanese tradition, he adopted his son-in-law, Sekiryo Yamauchi, (after the wife). In 1929, Yamauchi retired from the company and allowed Sekiryo Yamauchi to take over the company as president. In 1933, Sekiryo Yamauchi established a joint venture with another company and renamed the company Yamauchi Nintendo & Co. In 1947, Sekiryo established a distribution", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 35 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10525378", "chunk_text": "\"Nintendo Entertainment Analysis & Development\"\nknown for its work on games in the \"\"Donkey Kong\"\", \"\"Mario\"\", \"\"The Legend of Zelda\"\", \"\"F-Zero\"\", \"\"Star Fox\"\", \"\"Animal Crossing\"\", \"\"Pikmin\"\" and \"\"Wii\"\" series. During the 1970s, when Nintendo was still predominantly a toy company, it decided to expand into interactive entertainment and the video game industry. Several designers were hired to work under the Creative Department, which, at the time, was the only game development department within Nintendo. Among these new designers were Makoto Kano, who went on to design various Game & Watch games, and Shigeru Miyamoto, who would create various Nintendo franchises. In 1972, the department was", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 36 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8071975", "chunk_text": "\"History of Nintendo\"\ncharacters on Nintendo's playing cards. Previously, Western playing cards were regarded as something similar to hanafuda and mahjong: a device for gambling. By tying playing cards to Disney and selling books explaining the different games one could play with the cards, Nintendo could sell the product to Japanese households. The tie-in was a success and the company sold at least 600,000 card packs in a single year. Due to this success, in 1962, Yamauchi took Nintendo public, listing the company in Osaka Stock Exchange Second division. Following the aforementioned success, in 1963 \"\"Nintendo Playing Card Co., Ltd.\"\" was renamed to", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 37 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4798362", "chunk_text": "\"Satoru Iwata\"\nin 1993 at the insistence of Nintendo President Hiroshi Yamauchi and brought financial stability to the company. In the following years, he assisted in the development of the \"\"Pokémon\"\" and \"\"Super Smash Bros.\"\" series. Iwata joined Nintendo as the head of its corporate-planning division in 2000. Nintendo soon saw notable growth with Iwata's assistance and, when Yamauchi retired, he became the company's president in May 2002. Under Iwata's direction, Nintendo developed the Nintendo DS and Wii video game consoles, helping the company achieve financial success. As a self-declared gamer, he focused on expanding the appeal of video games across all", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 38 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13997246", "chunk_text": "Nintendo\ntournament called the \"\"Nintendo Cup\"\". The word \"\"Nintendo\"\" can be translated as \"\"leave luck to heaven\"\", or alternatively as \"\"the temple of free hanafuda\"\". In 1956, Hiroshi Yamauchi, grandson of Fusajiro Yamauchi, visited the U.S. to talk with the United States Playing Card Company, the dominant playing card manufacturer there. He found that the biggest playing card company in the world was using only a small office. Yamauchi's realisation that the playing card business had limited potential was a turning point. He then acquired the licence to use Disney characters on playing cards to drive sales. In 1963, Yamauchi renamed", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 39 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7691653", "chunk_text": "\"Nintendo Entertainment System\"\nSystem. Following a series of arcade game successes in the early 1980s, Nintendo made plans to create a cartridge-based console called the Famicom, which is short for Family Computer. Masayuki Uemura designed the system. Original plans called for an advanced 16-bit system which would function as a full-fledged computer with a keyboard and floppy disk drive, but Nintendo president Hiroshi Yamauchi rejected this and instead decided to go for a cheaper, more conventional cartridge-based game console as he believed that features such as keyboards and disks were intimidating to non-technophiles. A test model was constructed in October 1982 to verify", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 40 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3417406", "chunk_text": "Nintendo\nOlympics, playing card sales dropped, and Nintendo's stock price plummeted to its lowest recorded level of ¥60. In 1966, Nintendo moved into the Japanese toy industry with the Ultra Hand, an extendable arm developed by its maintenance engineer Gunpei Yokoi in his free time. Yokoi was moved from maintenance to the new \"\"Nintendo Games\"\" department as a product developer. Nintendo continued to produce popular toys, including the Ultra Machine, Love Tester and the \"\"Kousenjuu\"\" series of light gun games. Despite some successful products, Nintendo struggled to meet the fast development and manufacturing turnaround required in the toy market, and fell", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 41 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15426663", "chunk_text": "\"Noise (company)\"\nNoise (company) Noise was founded with a staff of 10 people on September 2, 1996 for the original purpose of developing games for PCs. A short time after, Noise became a part of Marigul Management, a company created by Nintendo and the Japanese telecommunications company Recruit for the purpose of enlisting smaller developers to make original games for the Nintendo 64. The company’s first commercially published game, \"\"Custom Robo\"\" for the Nintendo 64, was released in Japan on December 9, 1999 and became a commercial success in Japan, prompting Nintendo to formally enter a publishing agreement with Noise. In 2006,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 42 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13712733", "chunk_text": "\"Square Enix\"\ncompany's most profitable franchise. Despite the announcement that Enix's long-time competitor Square would develop exclusively for Sony PlayStation, Enix announced in January 1997 that it would release games for both Nintendo and Sony consoles. This caused a significant rise in stock for both Enix and Sony. By November 1999, Enix was listed in the Tokyo Stock Exchange's 1st section, indicating it as a \"\"large company\"\". Square was started in October 1983 by Masafumi Miyamoto as a computer game software division of Den-Yu-Sha, a power line construction company owned by his father. While at the time game development was usually conducted", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 43 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11376032", "chunk_text": "Nintendo\nis not sold and is largely dominated by Tencent. In November 2017, it was reported that Nintendo would be teaming up with Illumination Entertainment, an animation division of Universal Pictures, to make an animated \"\"Mario\"\" film. In April 2018, Nintendo announced that Kimishima would be stepping down as company president that June, with Shuntaro Furukawa, former managing executive officer and outside director of The Pokémon Company, succeeding him. Released in 1977, Japan's highest selling first generation console is Nintendo's Color TV Game, with over three million units sold. The Nintendo Entertainment System (abbreviated as NES) is an 8-bit video game", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 44 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3470093", "chunk_text": "\"Super Mario Land\"\nplay on any level in the game. \"\"Super Mario Land\"\" was developed by Nintendo R&D1 and published by Nintendo in 1989 as a launch title for their Game Boy handheld console. Nintendo CEO Hiroshi Yamauchi believed that fun games sold consoles, so when the company created the Game Boy handheld console, he wanted a fun game that would feature Nintendo's mascot, Mario, and subsequently sell consoles. The job fell to Nintendo R&D1, a development team led by Game Boy inventor Gunpei Yokoi. Yokoi had previously created the Game & Watch series and worked with his protégé, Shigeru Miyamoto, on the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 45 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18249023", "chunk_text": "\"Nintendo Switch\"\nto secure a business alliance with Japanese mobile provider DeNA to develop mobile titles based on Nintendo's first-party franchises, believing this approach would not compromise their integrity. Following Iwata's death in July 2015, Kimishima was named as president of Nintendo, while Miyamoto was promoted to the title of \"\"Creative Fellow\"\". Initial conception for the Switch started shortly after the release of the Wii U in 2012. Kimishima stated that when Nintendo was evaluating what new hardware they wanted to produce, they \"\"didn't just want a successor\"\" to either the Nintendo 3DS or Wii U, but instead asked \"\"what kind of", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 46 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8072001", "chunk_text": "\"History of Nintendo\"\nyear that Nintendo purchased part of Rare. In 1994, after many years of Nintendo's products being distributed in Australia by Mattel since the NES in 1985, Nintendo opened its Australian headquarters and its first Managing Directors were Graham Kerry, who moved along from Mattel Australia as Managing Director and Susumu Tanaka of Nintendo UK Ltd. In 1995, Nintendo released the Virtual Boy in Japan. The console sold poorly, but Nintendo still said they had hope for it and continued to release several other games and attempted a release in the US, which was another disaster. Also in 1995, Nintendo found", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 47 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7045939", "chunk_text": "\"Minoru Arakawa\"\nand office buildings. At a Christmas party in Kyoto, Arakawa met Yoko Yamauchi, daughter of Nintendo president Hiroshi Yamauchi. They married in November 1973. Arakawa, along with his wife and three-year-old daughter Maki, moved to Vancouver, Canada in 1977 for work. A second daughter, Masayo was born in 1978. Hiroshi Yamauchi offered Arakawa to establish Nintendo of America; while Yoko opposed the position, having seen the impact of the company on her father's life, Arakawa accepted the offer. Arakawa and his wife established an office in Manhattan in 1980, and Arakawa became the company's first president. After a disastrous experience", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 48 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13997298", "chunk_text": "Nintendo\nfor the console the following day. The next day, Nintendo unveiled the trailer that revealed the final name of the platform called Nintendo Switch. By March 2018, over 17 million Switch units had been sold worldwide. Game & Watch is a line of handheld electronic games produced by Nintendo from 1980 to 1991. Created by game designer Gunpei Yokoi, each \"\"Game & Watch\"\" features a single game to be played on an LCD screen in addition to a clock, an alarm, or both. It was the earliest Nintendo product to garner major success. After the success of the \"\"Game &", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 49 } ]
test_3519	when was half life 2 episode 2 released?	n/a	[ "in 2007", "October 10, 2007" ]	[]	n/a	n/a	n/a	[]	[ { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19753450", "chunk_text": "\"Half-Life 2: Episode One\"\nHalf-Life 2: Episode One Half-Life 2: Episode One (stylized as HλLF-LIFE: EPISODE ONE) is a first-person shooter video game, the first in an intended series of episodes that would serve as the sequels to \"\"Half-Life 2\"\" (2004). It was developed by Valve Corporation and released on June 1, 2006. Originally called \"\"Half-Life 2: Aftermath\"\", the game was renamed \"\"Episode One\"\" after Valve became confident in using an episodic structure for the game. \"\"Episode One\"\" uses the same game engine, Source, as \"\"Half-Life 2\"\". The game debuted new lighting and animation technologies, as well as AI sidekick enhancements. The game's events", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 0 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7139298", "chunk_text": "\"Half-Life 2: Episode Two\"\nHalf-Life 2: Episode Two Half-Life 2: Episode Two (stylized as HλLF-LIFE: EPISODE TWO) is a first-person shooter video game, the second in a series of episodic sequels to the 2004 \"\"Half-Life 2\"\". It was developed by Valve Corporation in tandem with \"\"\"\", the first game in the series, and released in 2007 via Valve's Steam content distribution platform. The episode was released both separately and as a part of a bundled package, \"\"The Orange Box\"\". \"\"Episode Two\"\" gameplay consists of expansive environments, travel and reduced linear play, continuing Valve's policy of orienting each episode around a particular theme or set", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 1 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10905408", "chunk_text": "\"Half-Life 2: Episode Two\"\nthe series separated. It was originally rumored that \"\"Episode Two\"\" would be delayed until 2008. On June 14, 2007, however, Valve confirmed the release date for \"\"Episode Two\"\" to be October 9, 2007 for all announced platforms. Valve handled the development of the game for the PC and Xbox 360, while Electronic Arts British office in Chertsey worked on the PlayStation 3 version of the game. It was announced on September 7, 2007 that the PlayStation 3 version of the game would be delayed because the development studio behind the game was in the United Kingdom, away from Valve's development", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 2 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7139300", "chunk_text": "\"Half-Life 2: Episode Two\"\nOctober 18. The Steam version was released worldwide on October 10, 2007. As with its predecessors, the game is played in the first person as series protagonist Gordon Freeman against transhuman troops, known as the Combine, and other hostile alien creatures. Levels are linear but add a more open environment, consisting of puzzles and first-person shooter game-play. Sequences involving vehicles are interspersed throughout the game, breaking up moments of combat. One of the focal points of \"\"Episode Two\"\" was meant to be increased use of vehicles in open areas. However, the game retains its original linear style until the final", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 3 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7139299", "chunk_text": "\"Half-Life 2: Episode Two\"\nof technologies. Following the closing events of \"\"Episode One\"\", it sees Gordon Freeman and the series' other major characters moving away from City 17 to the surrounding countryside. The retail version was released on October 10, 2007, in North America and Russia for Windows and Microsoft's Xbox 360 after repeated delays. The version for the PlayStation 3 was to be released \"\"around two or three weeks later\"\", as it was produced separately at the Electronic Arts UK studio, according to Valve marketing director Doug Lombardi. This version was further delayed. For the rest of the world, the release date was", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 4 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7139310", "chunk_text": "\"Half-Life 2: Episode Two\"\nbody. \"\"Episode Two\"\" was developed simultaneously with \"\"Episode One\"\" by a development team led by David Speyrer. This schedule of simultaneous development aided them in streamlining the story between the two games to create an immersive story. The technology used was the same for both games, allowing the development teams to quickly fix any technical problems that might arise from either game; this happened often because of the multi-platform release. An announcement was made on July 13, 2006 stating that \"\"Episode Two\"\" would be released on Xbox 360 and PlayStation 3 in addition to the PC, where previous iterations of", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 5 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10905414", "chunk_text": "\"Half-Life 2: Episode Two\"\ntrilogy, the game lacks the driving force of the previous episode.\"\" GameSpy criticized the game, saying it is \"\"a little more inconsistent than its predecessors,\"\" and that the opening segments of the game were \"\"arguably the weakest\"\" parts. Half-Life 2: Episode Two Half-Life 2: Episode Two (stylized as HλLF-LIFE: EPISODE TWO) is a first-person shooter video game, the second in a series of episodic sequels to the 2004 \"\"Half-Life 2\"\". It was developed by Valve Corporation in tandem with \"\"\"\", the first game in the series, and released in 2007 via Valve's Steam content distribution platform. The episode was released", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 6 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1197225", "chunk_text": "\"Half-Life (series)\"\n3\"\". \"\"\"\" was released on June 1, 2006. The player controls Freeman as he and Alyx escape City 17 before a dark energy reactor core they damaged at the end of \"\"Half-Life 2\"\" destroys it. It introduced several new graphical effects including new lighting features and more advanced facial animation. \"\"Episode One\"\" received a generally positive critical reaction, although the game's short length was a point of common criticism. \"\"\"\" was released for Windows, Xbox 360, and PlayStation 3 on October 10, 2007 as part of \"\"The Orange Box,\"\" which also includes the games \"\"Portal,\"\" \"\"Team Fortress 2,\"\" \"\"Half-Life 2\"\",", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 7 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19753471", "chunk_text": "\"Half-Life 2: Episode One\"\n1, 2006, with \"\"\"\" and \"\"\"\" immediately available for play as part of the package. \"\"Episode One\"\" is available as part of a bundle package known as \"\"The Orange Box\"\", which also includes \"\"Half-Life 2\"\", \"\"\"\", \"\"Team Fortress 2\"\", and \"\"Portal\"\"; and is available for Mac, PC, Xbox 360, and PlayStation 3. About 1.4 million retail copies of \"\"Episode One\"\" were sold by 2008. Response to \"\"Episode One\"\" was generally positive, and reviewers praised the game for having more intricate, well-paced gameplay than \"\"Half-Life 2\"\". The game's interactivity, particularly in the form of Alyx and her reactions to the player's", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 8 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13892288", "chunk_text": "\"Team Fortress 2\"\non Steam on September 17, 2007, for customers who had pre-purchased \"\"The Orange Box\"\", who had activated their \"\"Black Box\"\" coupon, which was included with the ATI HD 2900XT Graphics cards, and for members of Valve's Cyber Café Program. The beta continued until the game's final release. The game was released on October 10, 2007, both as a standalone product via Steam and at retail stores as part of \"\"The Orange Box\"\" compilation pack, priced at each gaming platform's recommended retail price. \"\"The Orange Box\"\" also contains \"\"Half-Life 2\"\", \"\"Half-Life 2: Episode One\"\", \"\"Half-Life 2: Episode Two\"\", and \"\"Portal\"\". Valve", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 9 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "769236", "chunk_text": "\"Half-Life 2\"\nWindows version was released on October 10, 2007, as both a retail boxed copy, and as a download available through Valve's Steam service. The Xbox 360 version was also released on October 10, 2007. A PlayStation 3 version was released on December 11, 2007. On May 26, 2010, \"\"Half-Life 2\"\", along with \"\"\"\" and , was released for Mac OS X. \"\"Portal\"\" was made available for the platform on May 13, 2010, and despite the notable absence of \"\"Team Fortress 2\"\" on the platform, Valve began selling \"\"The Orange Box\"\" for OS X on May 26, 2010. OS X support", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 10 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "769211", "chunk_text": "\"Half-Life 2\"\nHalf-Life 2 Half-Life 2 (stylized as HλLF-LIFE) is a first-person shooter video game developed and published by Valve Corporation. It is the sequel to 1998's \"\"Half-Life\"\" and was released in November 2004 following a five-year $40 million development. During development, a substantial part of the project was leaked and distributed on the Internet. The game was developed alongside Valve's Steam software and the Source engine. Taking place some years after the events of \"\"Half-Life\"\", protagonist Gordon Freeman is awakened by the enigmatic G-Man to find the world has been taken over by the alien Combine. Joined by allies including resistance", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 11 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "769237", "chunk_text": "\"Half-Life 2\"\nfor \"\"Team Fortress 2\"\" was added on June 10, 2010, completing the package. In May 2013, Valve released a beta update to \"\"Half-Life 2\"\" which included support for the Oculus Rift virtual reality headset, with a full release of the feature coming later that year in June. An NVIDIA Shield-exclusive port for Android was released on May 12, 2014. Purchasers of the Gold Package of the game were given (among other things) a CD soundtrack, titled The Soundtrack of Half-Life 2, containing nearly all the music from the game, along with three bonus tracks. This CD was available for separate", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 12 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "769235", "chunk_text": "\"Half-Life 2\"\n64-bit users reported bizarre in-game errors including characters dropping dead, game script files not being pre-cached (i.e., loaded when first requested instead), map rules being bent by AI, and other glitches. Valve partnered with Taito to release \"\"Half-Life 2: Survivor\"\", an arcade game version of the game for the Japanese market in 2006. During Electronic Arts' summer press event on July 13, 2006, Gabe Newell announced that \"\"Half-Life 2\"\" would ship on next-generation consoles (specifically, the Xbox 360 and PlayStation 3) along with episodes \"\"\"\" and \"\"\"\", \"\"Team Fortress 2\"\", and \"\"Portal\"\" in a package called \"\"The Orange Box\"\". The", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 13 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "769249", "chunk_text": "\"Half-Life 2\"\nand \"\"Sandtraps\"\". It serves primarily as a showcase for high-dynamic-range rendering (HDR) technology. The first expansion sequel, \"\"\"\", takes place immediately after the events of \"\"Half-Life 2\"\", with the player taking on the role of Gordon Freeman once again and with Alyx Vance playing a more prominent role. \"\"\"\" continues directly from the ending of \"\"Episode One\"\", with Alyx and Gordon making their way to White Forest Missile base, a hideout of the resistance. A third episode is set to be released in the future, completing an intended trilogy. In a June 2006 interview with Eurogamer, Gabe Newell revealed that", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 14 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "769225", "chunk_text": "\"Half-Life 2\"\nfrom a stopping-off point along the way to the destination itself. Valve announced \"\"Half-Life 2\"\" at E3 in May 2003, where it won several awards for best in show. Originally scheduled for release in September 2003, it was delayed in the wake of the cracking of Valve's internal network. The network was accessed through a null session connection to a server owned by Tangis, which was hosted in Valve's network, and a subsequent upload of an ASP shell. This resulted in the leak of the \"\"Half-Life 2\"\" source code and many other files including maps, models and a playable early", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 15 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "769212", "chunk_text": "\"Half-Life 2\"\nfighter Alyx Vance, Gordon searches for a way to free humanity using a variety of weapons, including the object-manipulating Gravity Gun. \"\"Half-Life 2\"\" received critical acclaim. It was praised for its advanced physics, animation, sound, AI, graphics, and narrative. The game won 39 \"\"Game of the Year\"\" awards and the title of \"\"Game of the Decade\"\" at the 2012 Spike Video Game Awards, and is widely considered to be one of the greatest games of all time. Over 6.5 million copies of \"\"Half-Life 2\"\" were sold at retail by December 2008 (not including Steam sales). By February 2011, \"\"Half-Life 2\"\"", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 16 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "769228", "chunk_text": "\"Half-Life 2\"\njudge took into account such factors as Gembe's difficult childhood and the fact that he was taking steps to improve his situation. A 1 GB portion of \"\"Half-Life 2\"\" became available for pre-load through Steam on August 26, 2004. This meant that customers could begin to download encrypted game files to their computer before the game was released. When the game's release date arrived, customers were able to pay for the game through Steam, unlock the files on their hard drives and play the game immediately, without having to wait for the entire game to download. The pre-load period lasted", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 17 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19753470", "chunk_text": "\"Half-Life 2: Episode One\"\nin City 17. Likewise, City 17 has been altered to reflect the aftermath of the resistance's open rebellion, with vast swathes of destroyed buildings, and the introduction of foes previously kept outside its confines in \"\"Half-Life 2\"\" to emphasize the scale of the uprising. Upon release, \"\"Episode One\"\" was sold in both retail stores and Valve's online Steam distribution system, where it was sold at a discount price. The game was also distributed by Electronic Arts as both a standalone release and as part of \"\"Half-Life 2: Platinum Collection\"\". It was available for pre-load and pre-purchase through Steam on May", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 18 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10905409", "chunk_text": "\"Half-Life 2: Episode Two\"\nteam, and therefore lagged behind in its schedule. Valve's marketing director, Doug Lombardi, gave assurance that the Xbox 360, PlayStation 3, and PC versions of the game would be identical in functionality and performance. \"\"Episode Two\"\"s soundtrack was composed by Kelly Bailey, who also composed the music for the \"\"Half-Life\"\" series' other installments. The music is used sparingly throughout, played primarily during scenes of major plot development or particularly important action sequences, such as an early fight with a massive wave of Antlions or speeding down train tracks while being fired on by a helicopter. The soundtrack is included in", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 19 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10905411", "chunk_text": "\"Half-Life 2: Episode Two\"\naggregator GameRankings. On Metacritic, the game had an average score of 90 out of 100, based on 21 reviews. Dan Adams of IGN rated the game 9.4 out of 10 and praised its improved visuals and expansive environments, but cited the short six-hour length as a drawback. He said: \"\"Any way you look at it, Episode Two stands out, even among the Half-Life series, as something special ... a burly experience packed into roughly six hours or so that offers up all the diversity, level design, and thoughtful gameplay we've known while making sure to propel the story forward and", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 20 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6794578", "chunk_text": "\"Half-Life (series)\"\nmany reviewers stating that it was fun to play through with a friend, but that the game's more puzzle-oriented gameplay detracted from the overall experience. An unofficial Windows port of the game was released in September 2008. On November 16, 2004, Valve released \"\"Half-Life 2\"\". The game had a six-year development cycle, which saw several delays and the leak of the game's source code. \"\"Half-Life 2\"\" returns the player to the role of Gordon Freeman. Set twenty years after the original game, Earth has been occupied by the Combine, a transdimensional race that exploited the events of the first game", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 21 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19753463", "chunk_text": "\"Half-Life 2: Episode One\"\nCitadel as it detonates. The resulting shockwave catches the train, derailing it. \"\"Half-Life 2: Episode One\"\" is the first in a trilogy of episodes serving as the sequel of the 2004 first-person shooter video game \"\"Half-Life 2\"\". In February 2006, Valve announced that they would be releasing a trilogy of episodes covering the same story arc. While the plots and dialogue of \"\"Half-Life\"\" and \"\"Half-Life 2\"\" were written solely by Valve's in-house writer Marc Laidlaw, the \"\"Half-Life 2\"\" Episodes were collaboratively written by Laidlaw, Chet Faliszek, and Erik Wolpaw, with Laidlaw retaining overall leadership of the group. Valve explained that", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 22 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "769250", "chunk_text": "\"Half-Life 2\"\nthe \"\"Half-Life 2\"\" \"\"episodes\"\" are essentially \"\"Half-Life 3\"\". He reasons that rather than force fans to wait another six years for a full sequel, Valve Corporation would release the game in episodic installments. Newell stated that a more accurate title for these episodes would have been \"\"\"\"Half-Life 3: Episode One\"\"\"\" and so forth, having referred to the episodes as \"\"Half-Life 3\"\" repeatedly throughout the interview. In a May 2011 interview with Develop, Newell stated that the episodic model had been replaced by even shorter development cycles and continuous updates via Steam. Half-Life 2 Half-Life 2 (stylized as HλLF-LIFE) is a", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 23 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16074316", "chunk_text": "\"Half-Life (series)\"\nHalf-Life (series) Half-Life (stylized HλLF-LIFE) is a series of first-person shooter games developed and published by Valve. The major installments feature protagonist Gordon Freeman, a physicist who battles an alien invasion. \"\"Half-Life\"\" (1998) and \"\"Half-Life 2\"\" (2004) are full-length games, while \"\"\"\" (2006) and \"\"\"\" (2007) are shorter, episodic games. A third episode, \"\"Half-Life 2: Episode Three\"\", was scheduled for release by Christmas 2007, but is now described as vaporware. The first game in the \"\"Portal\"\" series, set in the same universe as \"\"Half-Life\"\", was released in 2007. The \"\"Half-Life\"\" series includes a core set of games which carry the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 24 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7139313", "chunk_text": "\"Half-Life 2: Episode Two\"\nthe Russian edition of \"\"The Orange Box\"\" and is also sold separately. An audio commentary is also featured, as in \"\"\"\" and \"\"\"\". A notable change to the vocal cast is the inclusion of actor Tony Todd as the voice of the Vortigaunts. He replaces Louis Gossett, Jr. in the role. Actor Adam Baldwin voices several of the civilian and rebel NPCs, most notably the character who informs the player of the Striders' locations in the penultimate chapter. \"\"Half-Life 2: Episode 2\"\" received critical acclaim. The game had an average score of 90.68% based on 22 reviews on the review", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 25 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20757736", "chunk_text": "\"Half-Life 2: Lost Coast\"\nabout each new stage as they progress. The company has since made the commentary system standard in all of its later video games. \"\"Lost Coast\"\" was released on October 27, 2005, as a free download from Valve's Steam content delivery service to anyone who purchased \"\"Half-Life 2\"\". People who received \"\"Half-Life 2\"\" as a gift from Valve's online store were not eligible to download the level. Valve announced on May 30, 2007 that \"\"Lost Coast\"\", along with \"\"\"\", would be made available for free to owners of ATI Radeon cards. It was later released without charge to Nvidia graphics card", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 26 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7472927", "chunk_text": "\"Team Fortress 2\"\nonly game developers themselves have the ability to bring the interesting parts of a game to a film, and suggested that this would be the only manner through which a \"\"Half-Life\"\"-based movie would be made. A fifteen-minute short, \"\"Expiration Date\"\", was released on June 17, 2014. The shorts were made using Source Filmmaker, which was officially released and has been in open beta as of July 11, 2012. In more recent major updates to the game, Valve has presented teaser images and online comic books that expand the fictional history of the \"\"Team Fortress 2\"\", as part of the expansion", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 27 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "769238", "chunk_text": "\"Half-Life 2\"\npurchase via the Valve online store. The soundtrack was re-released in 2014 for use in Steam Music. Tracks 15, 16, 18 and 42 are bonus tracks that are exclusive to the CD soundtrack. Many of the tracks were retitled and carried over from the \"\"Half-Life\"\" soundtrack; the names in parentheses are the original titles. Tracks 34, 41, and 42 are remixes. The composer of the soundtrack is Kelly Bailey. \"\"Half-Life 2\"\" received critical acclaim upon release, gaining an aggregated score of 96/100 on Metacritic. Sources, such as GameSpy, \"\"The Cincinnati Enquirer\"\", \"\"The New York Times\"\", and \"\"VideoGamer.com\"\", have given perfect", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 28 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6794579", "chunk_text": "\"Half-Life (series)\"\nto invade. The G-Man inserts Freeman into City 17 in Eastern Europe to combat the Combine occupation. \"\"Half-Life 2\"\" garnered near-unanimous positive reviews and received critical acclaim much like its predecessor, winning over 35 Game of the Year awards for 2004. Considered one of the greatest video games of all time, the game has been critically praised for its advances in computer animation, sound, narration, computer graphics, artificial intelligence, and physics. \"\"Half-Life 2\"\" was the first game to use Valve's Steam content delivery system, a system that eventually led to Valve falling out with publisher Sierra Entertainment. On October 27,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 29 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7397486", "chunk_text": "\"Half-Life: Escape from City 17\"\nHalf-Life: Escape from City 17 Half-Life: Escape from City 17 is a two-part Canadian short film written, developed, and filmed by the Purchase Brothers. The film is set in the \"\"Half-Life\"\" universe, during the events of \"\"Half-Life 2\"\" and \"\"\"\". Both films were critically acclaimed. \"\"Part One\"\" was released on February 13, 2009; and \"\"Part Two\"\" was released on August 24, 2011. \"\"Part One\"\" is set during the second half of events of \"\"\"\". Dr. Isaac Kleiner is making his \"\"Kleinercasts\"\" on City 17's PA system, warning that the Combine Citadel is set to explode at any moment; should the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 30 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13360548", "chunk_text": "\"Fault Milestone Two\"\nmake the experience more immersive and feel \"\"larger than life\"\". \"\"Fault Milestone Two\"\" is being released in two episodes: \"\"Side: Above\"\" and \"\"Side: Below\"\". The first episode was released for Microsoft Windows, OS X and Linux on August 16, 2015 in Japanese, and in English on September 8, 2015. The second episode was originally planned to be released in 2017, but was later delayed into 2019. Work on the game's localization began in January 2015, when Sekai Project stated that they had started the planning phase of the localization, released a teaser trailer for it. A demo was released in", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 31 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17476545", "chunk_text": "\"Half-Life 2: Episode One\"\nrevealed in the sequel, \"\"\"\". Valve views episodes \"\"One\"\" through \"\"Three\"\" tantamount to a standalone release. \"\"Episode One\"\" is available as part of a bundle package known as \"\"The Orange Box\"\", which also includes \"\"Half-Life 2\"\", \"\"\"\", \"\"Team Fortress 2\"\", and \"\"Portal\"\". \"\"Episode One\"\" received a generally positive critical reaction, and the co-operative aspects of the gameplay received particular praise, although the game's short length was criticized. In \"\"Episode One\"\" players make their way through a linear series of levels and encounter various enemies and allies. The gameplay is broken up between combat-oriented challenges and physics-based puzzles. \"\"Episode One\"\" integrates", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 32 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16074367", "chunk_text": "\"Half-Life (series)\"\nonline on January 21, 2011. Half-Life (series) Half-Life (stylized HλLF-LIFE) is a series of first-person shooter games developed and published by Valve. The major installments feature protagonist Gordon Freeman, a physicist who battles an alien invasion. \"\"Half-Life\"\" (1998) and \"\"Half-Life 2\"\" (2004) are full-length games, while \"\"\"\" (2006) and \"\"\"\" (2007) are shorter, episodic games. A third episode, \"\"Half-Life 2: Episode Three\"\", was scheduled for release by Christmas 2007, but is now described as vaporware. The first game in the \"\"Portal\"\" series, set in the same universe as \"\"Half-Life\"\", was released in 2007. The \"\"Half-Life\"\" series includes a core set", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 33 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9327200", "chunk_text": "\"The Orange Box\"\nfade away after the death of non-player characters and the blood has been altered to a gray color. The soundtrack for \"\"The Orange Box\"\" consists of music that Valve employees composed for \"\"Half-Life 2: Episode One\"\", \"\"Half-Life 2: Episode Two\"\", \"\"Portal\"\", and \"\"Team Fortress 2\"\". It also includes the original version and an exclusive remix of \"\"Still Alive\"\", both by Jonathan Coulton. It was released on December 21, 2007 and is sold by the official Valve Store, Amazon.com, and digital music services such as iTunes, Napster, and eMusic. A more-complete version of this soundtrack that also includes music files from", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 34 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10905403", "chunk_text": "\"Half-Life 2: Episode Two\"\ncontacts Gordon and hints at Alyx's importance to his own plans, revealing that he saved her life at the Black Mesa Research Facility despite objections from an unspecified third party. He instructs the unconscious Alyx to tell her father to \"\"prepare for unforeseen consequences\"\". After Alyx has recovered, she and Gordon proceed in an old Resistance vehicle, battling Combine troops and surviving an encounter with a Combine Advisor, a high-ranking Combine alien. At White Forest, they are reunited with Dr. Kleiner and Eli, along with Alyx's pet robot D0g. Gordon is also introduced to the egotistical Dr. Arne Magnusson. The", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 35 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1197235", "chunk_text": "\"Half-Life (series)\"\nthe game, the player battles GLaDOS, a corrupt artificial intelligence computer that monitors her every move. The game is the spiritual successor to \"\"Narbacular Drop\"\", with many of the same team members working on the game. \"\"Portal\"\" has been acclaimed as one of the most original games in 2007, receiving praise for its unique gameplay and darkly humorous story. An Xbox Live Arcade expansion was released on October 22, 2008, and its sequel, \"\"Portal 2\"\", was released on April 19, 2011. In April 2000, Valve acquired the rights to the fan-made mod \"\"Counter-Strike\"\". After some cooperation between the original team", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 36 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16074318", "chunk_text": "\"Half-Life (series)\"\nall use Valve's GoldSrc game engine, a heavily modified \"\"Quake\"\" engine. The later games accompanying the sequel all use Valve's proprietary Source engine. \"\"Half-Life\"\" is the first game in the series, and was the debut game of Valve Software, released on November 19, 1998. \"\"Half-Life\"\" follows Gordon Freeman, a theoretical physicist, after the Black Mesa Research Facility accidentally causes a dimensional rift which allows the facility to be invaded by aliens. Freeman consequently attempts to survive the slaughter and resolve the situation. The game was originally published by Sierra Studios and released for Windows, although Gearbox Software would later port", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 37 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "769239", "chunk_text": "\"Half-Life 2\"\nreviewing scores, and others, such as \"\"PC Gamer\"\", IGN, GamesRadar, and Eurogamer, gave near-perfect scores, while the game became the fifth title to receive \"\"Edge\"\" magazine's ten-out-of-ten score. Critics who applauded the game cited the advanced graphics and physics. \"\"Maximum PC\"\" awarded \"\"Half-Life 2\"\" an exaggerated, unprecedented 11 on their rating scale which normally peaks at 10, calling it \"\"the best game ever made\"\". In the United States, \"\"Half-Life 2\"\"s computer version sold 680,000 copies and earned $34.3 million by August 2006. It was the country's 17th best-selling computer game between January 2000 and August 2006. It received a \"\"Platinum\"\"", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 38 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19753474", "chunk_text": "\"Half-Life 2: Episode One\"\ncompanion. A common criticism of the game is its short length. \"\"Episode One\"\" takes roughly 4–6 hours to complete, which raises the issue of whether the game justifies its price. \"\"Computer Games Magazine\"\" argued the futility of reviewing the game due to its episodic nature; as the first part of a three-part story arc, it is difficult to judge it when divorced from the final product. Game Revolution expressed disappointment at a lack of new features such as environments and weapons. Half-Life 2: Episode One Half-Life 2: Episode One (stylized as HλLF-LIFE: EPISODE ONE) is a first-person shooter video game,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 39 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1420294", "chunk_text": "\"Half-Life: Opposing Force\"\nII\"\", \"\"Doom\"\" and \"\"Shadow Warrior\"\". In the subsequent two months, media releases displaying a variety of screenshots were unveiled. The game was released on November 19, 1999. Gearbox later released a multiplayer update in May 2000, adding a capture the flag mode to the game, along with various items to accompany the new mode. \"\"Opposing Force\"\" was later released on Valve Software's Steam content delivery system. \"\"Opposing Force\"\" was published as part of Sierra's \"\"Half-Life: Generation\"\" compilation in 2002, and as part of Valve Software and Electronic Arts' \"\"Half Life 1: Anthology\"\" on September 26, 2005. \"\"Opposing Force\"\" received a", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 40 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10489596", "chunk_text": "\"The Orange Box\"\n\"\"Half-Life\"\" have come to bear fully upon human society, and he is forced to fight against increasingly unfavorable odds in order to survive. In his struggle, he is joined by various acquaintances, including former Black Mesa colleagues, oppressed citizens of City 17, and the Vortigaunts, all of whom later prove to be valuable allies. \"\"Half-Life 2\"\" received critical acclaim, including 35 Game of the Year awards, when it was originally released for Windows in 2004. , over 6.5 million copies of Half-Life 2 have been sold at retail. Although Steam sales figures are unknown, their rate surpassed retail's in mid-2008", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 41 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6794572", "chunk_text": "\"Half-Life (series)\"\nthe game to PlayStation 2 in 2001. Valve themselves later converted the game to use their Source engine. \"\"Half-Life\"\" received critical acclaim upon release, critics hailing its overall presentation and numerous scripted sequences. The game won over 50 Game of the Year awards and its gameplay has influenced first-person shooters for years to come. \"\"Half-Life\"\" has since been regarded as one of the greatest games of all time. \"\"Half-Life\"\" was followed by an expansion pack, \"\"\"\", on November 1, 1999. Unlike \"\"Half-Life\"\", \"\"Opposing Force\"\" was developed by Gearbox Software, although it was still published by Sierra Studios. \"\"Opposing Force\"\" was", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 42 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6794583", "chunk_text": "\"Half-Life (series)\"\nand \"\"Episode One\"\". \"\"The Orange Box\"\" was distributed digitally on Steam and at retail by Electronic Arts. Continuing Valve's strategy of orienting each episode around a theme or set of technologies, \"\"Episode Two\"\" focuses on expansive environments, travel and less linear play. As Gordon Freeman, the player travels with Alyx Vance from the ruins of City 17 into the surrounding countryside, pursued by Combine forces. \"\"Episode Two\"\"s new technologies and gameplay features were praised by reviewers; however, though it was significantly longer than \"\"Episode 1\"\", the length was again a point of criticism. \"\"Half-Life 2: Episode Three\"\" concept art surfaced", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 43 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "504343", "chunk_text": "\"Half-Life (video game)\"\nNovember 16, 2004. The player controls Gordon Freeman 20 years after the Black Mesa incident in the dystopic City 17, where he must fight as part of a rebellion against an alien regime. It was followed by two episodic sequels, \"\"\"\" and \"\"\"\", released on June 1, 2006, and October 10, 2007, respectively. To experience firsthand the processes mod-makers would have to go through with the new engine, Valve ported \"\"Half-Life\"\" (dubbed \"\"Half-Life: Source\"\") and \"\"Counter-Strike\"\" to their new Source engine. \"\"Half-Life: Source\"\" is a straight port, lacking any new content or the \"\"Blue Shift\"\" High Definition pack. However, it", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 44 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1917136", "chunk_text": "\"Half-Life 2: Deathmatch\"\nthe Source SDK as a means of promoting game modifications built upon the platform. Post-release, the game was supported with new maps from Valve as well as updates to the game and its engine. Valve's The \"\"Orange Box\"\" does not include \"\"Half-Life 2: Deathmatch\"\", however, the game was upgraded to use the Orange Box version of the Source engine in September 2010. Valve announced a free promotional offer on January 10, 2008, which allowed NVIDIA graphics card users to download and play \"\"Half-Life 2: Deathmatch\"\" along with \"\"\"\", \"\"\"\", and \"\"Peggle Extreme\"\". In September 2010, the game was released via", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 45 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9327189", "chunk_text": "\"The Orange Box\"\nagainst the Combine. The game was originally released in 2006 for Windows as a standalone game and was generally well received. \"\"Half-Life 2: Episode Two\"\" was first available as part of \"\"The Orange Box\"\" and focuses on expansive environments, travel, and less linear play. In the game, Gordon Freeman and the series' other major characters move away from City 17 to the surrounding wilderness following the closing events of \"\"Episode One\"\". The game was praised for its new environments and features and was well received by critics. \"\"Portal\"\" is a single-player first-person action/puzzle game that was first available as part", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 46 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7397507", "chunk_text": "\"Half-Life: Escape from City 17\"\naway – the production quality certainly exceeds that of the usual community-made movies we see.\"\" Half-Life: Escape from City 17 Half-Life: Escape from City 17 is a two-part Canadian short film written, developed, and filmed by the Purchase Brothers. The film is set in the \"\"Half-Life\"\" universe, during the events of \"\"Half-Life 2\"\" and \"\"\"\". Both films were critically acclaimed. \"\"Part One\"\" was released on February 13, 2009; and \"\"Part Two\"\" was released on August 24, 2011. \"\"Part One\"\" is set during the second half of events of \"\"\"\". Dr. Isaac Kleiner is making his \"\"Kleinercasts\"\" on City 17's PA", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 47 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10905404", "chunk_text": "\"Half-Life 2: Episode Two\"\nscientists are preparing a rocket which they plan to use with the Combine portal code and the satellite array launched by Gordon at Black Mesa to close the Combine portal. After Gordon fends off a Combine attack on the base, Alyx gives Dr. Kleiner the message from Judith Mossman recovered at the Citadel. It contains footage and the coordinates of the \"\"Borealis\"\", an Aperture Science research vessel which, Kleiner explains, vanished along with part of the surrounding drydock. Kleiner insists that it should be used to aid the Resistance effort, while Eli counters that it is impossible to control and", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 48 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19498558", "chunk_text": "\"Episode Two (Dark Matter)\"\nEpisode Two (Dark Matter) \"\"Episode Two\"\" is the second episode of the Space channel's science fiction series \"\"Dark Matter\"\". The episode was written by series creator and executive producer Joseph Mallozzi, and directed by TJ Scott. The episode first aired in Canada on June 19, 2015. In the opening scene, stunned by the revelations about their real identities, the crew decide to discuss their next move. Three tells the group that he's concerned about how Ferrous Corp may react should they not complete the job they were hired for. One tells him that he's no murderer, to which Three responds", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 49 } ]
test_3520	who proposed the virginia plan at the constitutional convention?	n/a	[ "Madison", "James Madison" ]	[]	n/a	n/a	n/a	[]	[ { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11814106", "chunk_text": "\"Virginia Plan\"\nVirginia Plan The Virginia Plan (also known as the Randolph Plan, after its sponsor, or the Large-State Plan) was a proposal by Virginia delegates for a bicameral legislative branch. The plan was drafted by James Madison while he waited for a quorum to assemble at the Constitutional Convention of 1787. The Virginia Plan was notable for its role in setting the overall agenda for debate in the convention and, in particular, for setting forth the idea of population-weighted representation in the proposed national legislature. The Constitutional Convention gathered in Philadelphia to revise the Articles of Confederation. The Virginia delegation took", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 0 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8441523", "chunk_text": "\"Virginia Plan\"\nthe initiative to frame the debate by immediately drawing up and presenting a proposal, for which delegate James Madison is given chief credit. However, it was Edmund Randolph, the Virginia governor at the time, who officially put it before the convention on May 29, 1787, in the form of 15 resolutions. The scope of the resolutions, going well beyond tinkering with the Articles of Confederation, succeeded in broadening the debate to encompass fundamental revisions to the structure and powers of the national government. The resolutions proposed, for example, a new form of national government having three branches (legislative, executive and", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 1 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15604167", "chunk_text": "\"Virginia Plan\"\nThe Virginia Plan and the debate surrounding it are prominently featured in the 1989 film \"\"A More Perfect Union\"\", which depicts the events of the 1787 Constitutional Convention. Presented largely from the viewpoint and words of James Madison, the movie was mainly filmed in Independence Hall. Virginia Plan The Virginia Plan (also known as the Randolph Plan, after its sponsor, or the Large-State Plan) was a proposal by Virginia delegates for a bicameral legislative branch. The plan was drafted by James Madison while he waited for a quorum to assemble at the Constitutional Convention of 1787. The Virginia Plan was", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 2 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17436375", "chunk_text": "\"Constitutional Convention (United States)\"\nConvention to formally begin, James Madison sketched out his initial draft, which became known as the Virginia Plan and reflected his views as a strong nationalist. By the time the rest of the Virginia delegation arrived, most of the Pennsylvania delegation had arrived as well. They agreed on Madison's plan, and formed what came to be the predominant coalition. By the time the Convention started, the only blueprints that had been assembled were Madison's Virginia Plan, and Charles Pinckney's plan. As Pinckney didn't have a coalition behind his plan, Madison's plan was the starting point for deliberations. The Convention agreed", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 3 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6004728", "chunk_text": "\"Constitutional Convention (United States)\"\nlargely from Madison's suggestions, came up with what came to be known as the Virginia Plan, also known as the Large State Plan. For this reason, James Madison is sometimes called the Father of the Constitution. Presented by Virginia governor Edmund Randolph on May 29, 1787, the Virginia Plan proposed a very powerful bicameral legislature. Both houses of the legislature would be determined proportionately. The lower house would be elected by the people, and the upper house would be elected by the lower house. The executive would exist solely to ensure that the will of the legislature was carried out", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 4 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17436408", "chunk_text": "\"Constitutional Convention (United States)\"\npower over any state legislation. Hamilton presented his plan to the Convention on June 18, 1787. The plan was perceived as a well-thought-out plan, but it was not considered, because it resembled the British system too closely. It also contemplated the loss of most state authority, which the states were unwilling to allow. Immediately after Randolph finished laying out the Virginia Plan, Charles Pinckney of South Carolina presented his own plan to the Convention. As Pinckney did not write it down, the only evidence of the plan are Madison's notes, so the details are somewhat vague. It was a confederation,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 5 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7228662", "chunk_text": "\"Constitutional Convention (United States)\"\nthat the purpose of the convention was to discuss and draft improvements to the existing Articles of Confederation, and would have not agreed to participate otherwise. Once the Convention began, however, most of the delegates – though not all – came to agree in general terms that the goal would be a new system of government, not simply a revised version of the Articles of Confederation. Several broad outlines were proposed and debated, most notably James Madison's Virginia Plan and William Paterson's New Jersey Plan. The Virginia Plan was selected as the basis for the new government, but several issues", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 6 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6004726", "chunk_text": "\"Constitutional Convention (United States)\"\nwere introduced, with the most important plan being that of James Madison (the Virginia Plan). The Convention's work was mostly a matter of modifying this plan. Charles Pinckney also introduced a plan, although this wasn't considered and its exact character has been lost to history. After the Convention was well under way, the New Jersey Plan was introduced though never seriously considered. It was mainly a protest to what some delegates thought was the excessively radical change from the Articles of Confederation. Alexander Hamilton also offered a plan after the Convention was well under way, though it included an executive", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 7 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7228709", "chunk_text": "\"Constitutional Convention (United States)\"\nexecutive). The executives would serve a single term and were subject to recall on the request of state governors. The plan also created a judiciary that would serve for life, to be appointed by the executives. Lastly, any laws set by Congress would take precedence over state laws. When Paterson reported the plan to the Convention on June 15, 1787, it was ultimately rejected, but it gave the smaller states a rallying point for their interests. Unsatisfied with the New Jersey Plan and the Virginia Plan, Alexander Hamilton proposed his own plan. It also was known as the British Plan,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 8 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7228670", "chunk_text": "\"Constitutional Convention (United States)\"\nthan halfway through the proceedings, on July 23.) James Madison arrived first, and soon most of the Virginia delegation arrived. While waiting for the other delegates, the Virginia delegation produced the Virginia Plan, which was designed and written by James Madison. On May 25, the delegations convened in the Pennsylvania State House. George Washington was unanimously elected president of the Convention, and it was agreed that the discussions and votes would be kept secret until the conclusion of the meeting. Despite the sweltering summer heat, the windows of the meeting hall were nailed shut to keep the proceedings a secret", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 9 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17236241", "chunk_text": "\"Confederation Period\"\nfor the consideration of an entirely new constitution, as open consideration of a new constitution would likely have inspired great public outcry. Shortly after the start of the convention, Virginia's delegates introduced a set of reforms known as the Virginia Plan. Drafted by Madison, the Virginia Plan called for a stronger national government with three independent branches of government: executive, legislative, and judicial. The plan granted the federal government legislative power on all issues, as well as the power to nullify state laws. Madison's plan was well-received and served as the basis for the convention's discussion, though several of its", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 10 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13714822", "chunk_text": "\"New Jersey Plan\"\nNew Jersey Plan The New Jersey Plan (also known as the Small State Plan or the Paterson Plan) was a proposal for the structure of the United States Government presented by William Paterson at the Constitutional Convention on June 15, 1787. The plan was created in response to the Virginia Plan, which called for two houses of Congress, both elected with apportionment according to population. The less populous states were adamantly opposed to giving most of the control of the national government to the more populous states, and so proposed an alternative plan that would have kept the one-vote-per-state representation", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 11 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10626666", "chunk_text": "\"History of Virginia\"\nyounger veterans of the war had developed a national identity. Led by George Washington and James Madison, Virginia played a major role in the Constitutional Convention of 1787 in Philadelphia. Madison proposed the Virginia Plan, which would give representation in Congress according to total population, including a proportion of slaves. Virginia was the most populous state, and it was allowed to count all of its white residents and 3/5 of the enslaved African Americans for its congressional representation and its electoral vote. (Only white men who owned a certain amount of property could vote.) Ratification was bitterly contested; the pro-Constitution", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 12 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7228707", "chunk_text": "\"Constitutional Convention (United States)\"\nand would therefore be selected by the legislature. The Virginia Plan also created a judiciary, and gave both the executive and some of the judiciary the power to veto, subject to override. After the Virginia Plan was introduced, New Jersey delegate William Paterson asked for an adjournment to contemplate the Plan. Under the Articles of Confederation, each state had equal representation in Congress, exercising one vote each. The Virginia Plan threatened to limit the smaller states' power by making both houses of the legislature proportionate to population. On June 14 and 15, 1787, a small-state caucus met to create a", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 13 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15099522", "chunk_text": "\"Virginia Ratifying Convention\"\ncontinue in his opposition. The Virginia ratification included a recommendation for a Bill of Rights, and Madison subsequently led the First Congress to send the Bill of Rights to the states for ratification. On receiving the proposed Constitution from the Philadelphia Convention, Congress initiated a ratification procedure for the proposed Constitution which by-passed the sitting state legislatures, going directly to the people of the country, state by state. Four delegates, James Madison with Edmund Randolph for the Federalists and Patrick Henry with George Mason for the Anti-federalists made most of the speeches of the Convention; 149 of the 170 delegates", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 14 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12721964", "chunk_text": "\"Virginia Conventions\"\nDelegates again chose a presiding officer and they elected delegates to the Continental Congress. At the convention, Patrick Henry proposed arming the Virginia militia and delivered his \"\"give me liberty or give me death\"\" speech to rally support for the measure. It was resolved that the colony be \"\"put into a posture of defence: and that Patrick Henry, Richard Henry Lee, Robert Carter Nicholas, Benjamin Harrison, Lemuel Riddick, George Washington, Adam Stephen, Andrew Lewis, William Christian, Edmund Pendleton, Thomas Jefferson and Isaac Zane, Esquires, be a committee to prepare a plan for the embodying arming and disciplining such a number", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 15 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12721974", "chunk_text": "\"Virginia Conventions\"\nThe Virginia Ratifying Convention narrowly approved joining the proposed United States under a constitution of supreme national law as authorized by \"\"We, the people\"\" of the United States. James Madison led those in favor, Patrick Henry, delegate to the First Continental Convention and Revolutionary wartime governor, led those opposed. Governor Edmund Randolph, who had refused to sign the U.S. Constitution, now chose to support adoption for the sake of national unity. George Mason who had refused to sign the U.S. Constitution due to the lack of a Bill of Rights continued in his opposition. The Virginia ratification included a recommendation", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 16 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17436410", "chunk_text": "\"Constitutional Convention (United States)\"\nThe Pinckney plan was not debated, but it may have been referred to by the Committee of Detail. The Connecticut Compromise, forged by Roger Sherman from Connecticut, was proposed on June 11. In a sense it blended the Virginia (large-state) and New Jersey (small-state) proposals. Ultimately, however, its main contribution was in determining the apportionment of the Senate, and thus retaining a federal character in the constitution. Sherman sided with the two-house national legislature of the Virginia Plan, but proposed \"\"That the proportion of suffrage in the 1st. branch [house] should be according to the respective numbers of free inhabitants;", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 17 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9154014", "chunk_text": "\"James Madison\"\nGeorge Mason, to create and present the plan to the convention. The plan called for three branches of government (legislative, executive, and judicial), a bicameral Congress apportioned by population, and a Council of Revision composed of members of the executive and judicial branches which would have the right to veto laws passed by Congress. Reflecting the centralization of power envisioned by Madison, the Virginia Plan granted the United States Senate the power to abrogate any law passed by state governments. Many delegates were surprised to learn that the plan called for the abrogation of the Articles and the creation of", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 18 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19628411", "chunk_text": "\"History of the United States Constitution\"\nthe Union\"\". New Hampshire called for \"\"timely measures to enlarge the powers of Congress\"\". Virginia stressed the \"\"necessity of extending the revision of the federal system to all its defects\"\". On the other hand, Delaware categorically forbade any alteration of the Articles one-state, equal vote, one-vote-only provision in the Articles Congress. The Convention would have a great deal of work to do to reconcile the many expectations in the chamber. At the same time, delegates wanted to finish their work by fall harvest and its commerce. May 29, Edmund Randolph (VA) proposed the Virginia Plan that would serve as the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 19 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11537346", "chunk_text": "\"Virginia Conventions\"\nThe resolution was followed in Congress by the adoption of the American Declaration of Independence, which reflected its ideas. The convention amended, and on June 12 adopted, George Mason's Declaration of Rights, a precursor to the United States Bill of Rights. On June 29, the convention approved the first Constitution of Virginia. The convention chose Patrick Henry as the first governor of the new Commonwealth of Virginia, and he was inaugurated on June 29, 1776. Thus, Virginia had a functioning republican constitution before July 4, 1776. The Constitutional Convention convened by the Articles of Confederation Congress in 1787 provided for", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 20 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16201641", "chunk_text": "\"Convention to propose amendments to the United States Constitution\"\nto address this problem. The first proposal for a method of amending the Constitution offered in the Constitutional Convention, contained in the Virginia Plan, sought to circumvent the national legislature, stating that \"\"the assent of the National Legislature ought not to be required.\"\" This was subsequently modified by the Committee of Detail to include a process whereby Congress would call for a constitutional convention on the request of two-thirds of the state legislatures. During the debate on the Committee of Detail's report, James Madison expressed concern about the lack of detail in the article regarding how the convention amendment process", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 21 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8441525", "chunk_text": "\"Virginia Plan\"\nof the national legislature. Each of the states would be represented in proportion to their \"\"Quotas of contribution, or to the number of free inhabitants.\"\" States with a large population, like Virginia (which was the most populous state at the time), would thus have more representatives than smaller states. Large states supported this plan, and smaller states generally opposed it, preferring an alternative put forward on June 15. The New Jersey Plan proposed a single-chamber legislature in which each state, regardless of size, would have one vote, as under the Articles of Confederation. In the end, the convention settled on", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 22 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6004727", "chunk_text": "\"Constitutional Convention (United States)\"\nserving for life and therefore the delegates felt it too closely resembled a monarchy. Historians are unsure how serious he was about this, and some have speculated that he may have done it to make Madison's plan look moderate by comparison. The Connecticut Compromise wasn't a plan but one of several compromises offered by the Connecticut delegation. It was key to the ultimate ratification of the constitution, but was only included after being modified by Benjamin Franklin in order to make it more appealing to larger states. Prior to the start of the Convention, the Virginian delegates met and, drawing", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 23 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17236242", "chunk_text": "\"Confederation Period\"\nprovisions were altered over the course of the convention. During the convention, Madison and James Wilson of Pennsylvania emerged as two of the most important advocates of a new constitution based on the Virginia Plan, while prominent opponents to the final document would include Edmund Randolph, George Mason, and Elbridge Gerry. The balance of power between the federal government and the state governments emerged as the most debated topic of the convention, and the convention ultimately agreed to a framework in which the federal and state governments shared power. The federal government would regulate interstate and foreign commerce, coin money,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 24 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15099520", "chunk_text": "\"Virginia Ratifying Convention\"\nVirginia Ratifying Convention The Virginia Ratifying Convention (also historically referred to as the \"\"Virginia Federal Convention\"\") was a convention of 168 delegates from Virginia who met in 1788 to ratify or reject the United States Constitution, which had been drafted at the Philadelphia Convention the previous year. The Convention met and deliberated from June 2 through June 27 in Richmond at the Richmond Theatre, presently the site of Monumental Church. Judge Edmund Pendleton, Virginia delegate to the Constitutional Convention, served as the convention's president by unanimous consent. The Convention met from June 2–27, 1788, in the wooden \"\"Old Capitol\"\" building", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 25 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9586171", "chunk_text": "\"Virginia Declaration of Rights\"\nConstitution as Article I, but even before that Virginia's Declaration of Rights stated that it was '\"\"the basis and foundation of government\"\" in Virginia. A slightly updated version may still be seen in Virginia's Constitution, making it legally in effect to this day. Ten articles were initially drafted by George Mason circa May 20–26, 1776; three other articles were added in committee, seen in the original draft in the handwriting of Thomas Ludwell Lee, but the author is unknown. James Madison later proposed liberalizing the article on religious freedom, but the larger Virginia Convention made further changes. It was later", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 26 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15099525", "chunk_text": "\"Virginia Ratifying Convention\"\n\"\"We, the states\"\". In his view, delegates should have only recommended amendments to the Articles of Confederation. Consolidated government would put an end to Virginia's liberties and state government. Nine states making a new nation without the rest would abrogate treaties and place Virginia in great peril. Edmund Randolph had changed from his opposition in the Philadelphia Convention to now supporting adoption for the sake of preserving the Union. He noted that the Confederation was \"\"totally inadequate\"\" and leading to American downfall. The new Constitution would repair the inadequacies of the Articles. If something were not done, the Union would", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 27 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7049640", "chunk_text": "\"George Mason\"\nended up not signing the constitution, according to Broadwater, Mason won as many convention debates as he lost. In the early days of the convention, Mason supported much of the Virginia Plan, which was introduced by Randolph on May 29. This plan would have a popularly elected lower house which would choose the members of the upper house from lists provided by the states. Most of the delegates had found the weak government under the Articles insufficient, and Randolph proposed that the new federal government should be supreme over the states. Mason agreed that the federal government should be more", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 28 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15099521", "chunk_text": "\"Virginia Ratifying Convention\"\nat Richmond VA, and elected Edmund Pendleton its presiding officer. The Virginia Ratifying Convention narrowly approved joining the proposed United States under a Constitution of supreme national law as authorized by \"\"We, the people\"\" of the United States. James Madison led those in favor, Patrick Henry, delegate to the First Continental Convention and Revolutionary wartime governor, led those opposed. Governor Edmund Randolph, who had refused to sign the Constitution in the Philadelphia Convention, chose in Virginia's Ratifying Convention to support adoption. George Mason had refused to sign due to the lack of a Bill of Rights in Philadelphia and would", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 29 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13363088", "chunk_text": "\"Fifth Virginia Convention\"\nLee, one of Virginia's delegates to Congress, carried out the instructions to propose independence in the language the convention had commanded him to use: that \"\"these colonies are, and of right ought to be, free and independent states.\"\" The resolution was followed in Congress by the adoption of the American Declaration of Independence, which reflected its ideas. The convention amended, and on June 12 adopted, George Mason's Declaration of Rights, a precursor to the United States Bill of Rights. On June 29, the convention approved the first Constitution of Virginia. The convention chose Patrick Henry as the first governor of", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 30 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15875957", "chunk_text": "\"Committee of Detail\"\nCommittee of Detail The Committee of Detail was a committee established by the United States Constitutional Convention on July 24, 1787 to put down a draft text reflecting the agreements made by the Convention up to that point, including the Virginia Plan's 15 resolutions. The Convention adjourned from July 26 to August 6 to await their report. Much of what was contained in the final document was present in this draft. The Committee was chaired by John Rutledge, with the other members including Edmund Randolph, Oliver Ellsworth, James Wilson, and Nathaniel Gorham. Although the membership of the committee disproportionately favored", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 31 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17159928", "chunk_text": "\"Edmund Randolph\"\nVirginia law forbade executive officers from private practice in its courts. The following year, as a delegate from Virginia to the Constitutional Convention, at age 34 Randolph introduced the Virginia Plan as an outline for a new national government. He argued against importation of slaves and in favor of a strong central government, advocating a plan for three chief executives from various parts of the country. The Virginia Plan also proposed a bicameral legislature, both houses of which comprising delegates chosen based on state population. Randolph additionally proposed, and was supported by unanimous approval by the Convention's delegates, \"\"that a", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 32 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1057492", "chunk_text": "\"Virginia Conventions\"\nthree resolutions: one calling for a declaration of rights for Virginia, one calling for the establishment of a republican constitution, and a third calling for federal relations with whichever other colonies would have them and alliances with whichever foreign countries would have them. It also instructed its delegates to the Continental Congress in Philadelphia to declare independence. On June 7, Richard Henry Lee, one of Virginia's delegates to Congress, carried out the instructions to propose independence in the language the convention had commanded him to use: that \"\"these colonies are, and of right ought to be, free and independent states.\"\"", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 33 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8731202", "chunk_text": "\"Virginia Conventions\"\nfor a Bill of Rights, and Madison subsequently led the First Congress to send the Bill of Rights to the states for ratification. Patrick Henry questioned the authority of the Philadelphia Convention to presume to speak for \"\"We, the people\"\" instead of \"\"We, the states\"\". In his view, delegates should have only recommended amendments to the Articles of Confederation. Edmund Randolph had changed from his opposition in the Philadelphia Convention to now supporting adoption for the sake of preserving the Union. He noted that the Confederation was \"\"totally inadequate\"\". George Mason countered that a national, consolidated government would overburden Virginians", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 34 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1895325", "chunk_text": "\"History of Virginia\"\nthe Continental Congress. Richard Henry Lee introduced the measure on June 7. While the Congress debated, the Virginia Convention adopted George Mason's Bill of Rights (June 12) and a constitution (June 29) which established an independent commonwealth. Congress approved Lee's proposal on July 2 and approved Jefferson's Declaration of Independence on July 4. The constitution of the Fifth Virginia Convention created a system of government for the state that would last for 54 years, and converting House of Burgesses into a bicameral legislature with both a House of Delegates and a Senate. Patrick Henry serves as the first Governor of", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 35 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17436390", "chunk_text": "\"Constitutional Convention (United States)\"\nand Nathaniel Gorham. Though the committee did not record minutes of its proceedings, three key surviving documents offer clues to the committee's handiwork: an outline by Randolph with edits by Rutledge, extensive notes and a second draft by Wilson, also with Rutledge's edits, and the committee's final report to the Convention. From this evidence it is thought that the committee used the original Virginia Plan, the decisions of the Convention on modifications to that plan, and other sources, such as the Articles of Confederation, provisions of the state constitutions, and even Charles Pinckney's plan, to produce the first full draft,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 36 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19009426", "chunk_text": "\"History of Virginia on stamps\"\nArticles of Confederation 200th anniversary was celebrated with a 13-cent stamp on September 30, 1977. While the Declaration of Independence written by Thomas Jefferson, Virginian Richard Henry Lee moved for \"\"a plan of Confederation\"\". The draft was completed in York Town, Pennsylvania on November 15, 1777, but it was not finally approved until Maryland ratified five years later, after Virginia and other states with western claims ceded territory to the U.S. government. Thomas Nelson Jr. was one of the thirteen committee members appointed in the Continental Congress on June 12, 1776, to \"\"prepare and digest the form of confederation\"\" which", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 37 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8691386", "chunk_text": "\"James Madison\"\nArticles had to be superseded by a new constitution, and he began preparing for a convention that would propose an entirely new constitution. Madison ensured that George Washington, who was popular throughout the country, and Robert Morris, who was influential in the critical state of Pennsylvania, would both broadly support Madison's plan to implement a new constitution. As a quorum was being reached for the Philadelphia Convention to begin, the 36-year-old Madison wrote what became known as the Virginia Plan, an outline for a new constitution. Madison worked with his fellow members of the Virginia delegation, especially Edmund Randolph and", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 38 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8441526", "chunk_text": "\"Virginia Plan\"\nthe Connecticut Compromise, creating a House of Representatives apportioned by population and a Senate in which each state is equally represented. In addition to dealing with legislative representation, the Virginia Plan addressed other issues as well, with many provisions that did not make it into the Constitution that emerged. It called for a national government of three branches: legislative, executive, and judicial. Members of one of the two legislative chambers would be elected by the people; members of that chamber would then elect the second chamber from nominations submitted by state legislatures. The executive would be chosen by the legislative", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 39 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17436397", "chunk_text": "\"Constitutional Convention (United States)\"\npass only with two-thirds majorities of both houses of Congress. While much of the rest of the committee's report would be accepted without serious challenge on the Convention floor, these last three proposals would provoke outrage from Northern delegates and slavery opponents. The final report of the committee, which became the first draft of the Constitution, was the first workable constitutional plan, as Madison's Virginia Plan had simply been an outline of goals and a broad structure. Even after it issued this report, the committee continued to meet off and on until early September. Another month of discussion and relatively", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 40 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2679459", "chunk_text": "\"United States Constitution\"\nPennsylvania delegations were present, and so the convention's opening meeting was postponed for lack of a quorum. A quorum of seven states met and deliberations began on May 25. Eventually twelve states were represented; 74 delegates were named, 55 attended and 39 signed. The delegates were generally convinced that an effective central government with a wide range of enforceable powers must replace the weaker Congress established by the Articles of Confederation. Two plans for structuring the federal government arose at the convention's outset: On May 31, the Convention devolved into a \"\"Committee of the Whole\"\" to consider the Virginia Plan.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 41 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12812513", "chunk_text": "\"Charles Pinckney (governor)\"\nelaborate form of the Virginia Plan, proposed first by Edmund Randolph, but it was disregarded by the other delegates. Historians assess him as an important contributing delegate. Pinckney boasted that he was 24, allowing him to claim distinction as the youngest delegate, but he was 29 years old at the time of the convention. He attended full-time, spoke often and effectively, and contributed to the final draft and to resolution of problems that arose during the debates. He also worked for ratification of the constitution in South Carolina (1788). At the Convention, Pierce Butler and Pinckney, both from South Carolina,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 42 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8702958", "chunk_text": "\"Independence National Historical Park\"\ntrade and the structure of the government. This resulted in the Philadelphia Convention, which met from May 14 to September 17, 1787 at the Pennsylvania State House. The Convention was dominated by controversies and conflicting interests, but the delegates forged a Constitution that has been called a \"\"bundle of compromises\"\". At the convention, delegate James Madison presented the Virginia Plan, which proposed a national government with three branches with proportional representation. Large states supported this plan, but smaller states feared losing substantial power under the plan. In response, William Paterson designed the New Jersey Plan, which proposed a one-house (unicameral)", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 43 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7712239", "chunk_text": "Virginia\nwas moved to Richmond at the urging of Governor Thomas Jefferson, who feared that Williamsburg's coastal location would make it vulnerable to British attack. In 1781, the combined action of Continental and French land and naval forces trapped the British army on the Virginia Peninsula, where troops under George Washington and Comte de Rochambeau defeated British General Cornwallis in the Siege of Yorktown. His surrender on October 19, 1781 led to peace negotiations in Paris and secured the independence of the colonies. Virginians were instrumental in writing the United States Constitution. James Madison drafted the Virginia Plan in 1787 and", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 44 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4479130", "chunk_text": "\"Constitution of Virginia\"\nregain suffrage until after passage of federal civil rights legislation in the mid-1960s. The preparation of the first Virginia Constitution began in early 1776, in the midst of the early events of the American Revolution. Among those who drafted the 1776 Constitution were George Mason and James Madison. Thomas Jefferson was Virginia's representative to the Second Continental Congress in Philadelphia at the time, and his drafts of the Virginia constitution arrived too late to be incorporated into the final document. James Madison's work on the Virginia Constitution helped him develop the ideas and skills that he would later use as", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 45 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13569982", "chunk_text": "\"United States Bill of Rights\"\nduring the convention, characterized the delegates as an assembly of \"\"demi-gods.\"\" Rhode Island refused to send delegates to the convention. On September 12, George Mason of Virginia suggested the addition of a Bill of Rights to the Constitution modeled on previous state declarations, and Elbridge Gerry of Massachusetts made it a formal motion. However, after only a brief discussion where Roger Sherman pointed out that State Bills of Rights were not repealed by the new Constitution, the motion was defeated by a unanimous vote of the state delegations. Madison, then an opponent of a Bill of Rights, later explained the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 46 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8441524", "chunk_text": "\"Virginia Plan\"\njudicial). One contentious issue facing the convention was the manner in which large and small states would be represented in the legislature: proportionate to population, with larger states having more votes than less-populous states, or by equal representation for each state, regardless of its size and population. The latter system more closely resembled that of the Articles of Confederation, under which each state was represented by one vote in a unicameral legislature. The Virginia Plan proposed a legislative branch consisting of two chambers (bicameral legislature), with the dual principles of rotation in office and recall applied to the lower house", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 47 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17049730", "chunk_text": "\"Virginia Constitutional Convention of 1829–1830\"\nin the administration of it.\"\" Lawyer John R. Cooke, a veteran of the War of 1812 countered that delegates must base the Constitution and legislative representation on the wishes of citizens, \"\"the white population…[looking] to the people\"\" for its authority, not only the wealthy, not to sectional slave-holding interests, and \"\"not to the supposed rights of the [unequally populated] counties.\"\" Reformers' efforts to adopt direct popular election of the Governor were defeated in favor of continuing election by the General Assembly. Thomas Jefferson Randolph, Thomas Jefferson's grandson, proposed gradual emancipation, a suggestion which never made it out of committee onto", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 48 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18013016", "chunk_text": "\"History of the United States Constitution\"\nit \"\"sustained the sovereignty of the states\"\", while the Edmund Randolph (VA) \"\"Virginia Plan\"\" erased it. The Convention had no authority to propose anything not sent up from state legislatures, and the states were not likely to adopt anything new. The \"\"nationalists\"\" answered, The Convention could not conclude anything, but it could recommend anything. \"\"Patriots\"\" said if their legislature knew anything about proposals for consolidated government, it would not have sent anyone. \"\"Nationalists\"\" countered, that it would be treason to withhold any proposal for good government when the salvation of the American republic was at stake. Three sessions after its", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 49 } ]
test_3521	super robot monkey team hyperforce go fighting games?	n/a	[ "Galactic Smash" ]	[]	n/a	n/a	n/a	[]	[ { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16301413", "chunk_text": "\"Super Robot Monkey Team Hyperforce Go!\"\nSuper Robot Monkey Team Hyperforce Go! Super Robot Monkey Team Hyperforce Go! (commonly known by its initialism, SRMTHFG) is an American/Japanese animated television series created by Ciro Nieli, one of the directors of \"\"Teen Titans\"\", and produced by Jetix Animation Concepts with animation being done by The Answer Studio (who would later work on the Cartoon Network original series \"\"\"\"). Set mainly on the fictional planet of Shuggazoom, the series follows the adventures of five cyborg monkeys and a human boy named Chiro as they struggle to protect their planet - and the rest of the universe - from the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 0 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16301416", "chunk_text": "\"Super Robot Monkey Team Hyperforce Go!\"\nfighting the larger enemies, the Hyperforce uses the Super Robot, which can split into six separate vehicles. Its main attack, when combined as the whole robot, is Lasertron Fury, a powerful energy beam that is fired from its chest. The Super Robot also serves as Chiro and the Monkeys' headquarters and home. A boy initially hesitant in accepting his role as leader of the Hyperforce, but gradually comes to accept his destiny of becoming a defender of Shuggazoom and later the universe. He falls in love with a robot girl called Jinmay. He pilots the Torso Tank Driver 1, the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 1 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10153947", "chunk_text": "\"Super Robot Monkey Team Hyperforce Go!\"\nforces of evil. The show's music was composed by Jermey Swede (Power Rangers Turbo). The Super Robot Monkey Team is set in Shuggazoom City, a city that takes up a good portion of its planet, named Shuggazoom. The rest of the planet is called \"\"The Zone of Wasted Years.\"\" The main character is a boy named Chiro. When he was exploring the outskirts of the city, he stumbles upon a giant abandoned robot. Once inside, his curiosity gets the better of him, and he pulls on an old, untouched switch, thus awakening the five robotic monkeys that form the Super", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 2 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12314457", "chunk_text": "\"Super Robot Monkey Team Hyperforce Go!\"\na group of creatures called the Dark Ones which have been dormant in the center of many planets, but Skeleton King power is too powerful, so he had no choice but to obey him and is using the Power Primate to awaken the Dark One Worm but it leads to his demise by being blasted with the Power Primate from Chiro. Voiced by Michael York. A genie like alien creature who has the power to grant three wishes, and much like a genie, is set free when the three wishes are granted. Chiro first wishes that they had some real", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 3 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12312755", "chunk_text": "\"Super Robot Monkey Team Hyperforce Go!\"\nor something. He has trouble deciding if Otto, the team's mechanic, is a genius or an idiot. He despises bugs and someone who is smarter than him. Gibson pilots the Fist Rocket 4, the left hand of the Super Robot. His main weapon are his Cybovac Drill Fists, which contain a variety of different charges within them, giving him the widest choices of attacks. Voiced by Tom Kenny. NOVA-52 (or Nova) is the yellow monkey, the team's main fighter, and third in command. She was the only female on the team, until Jinmay became an honorary member, and has been", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 4 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12312753", "chunk_text": "\"Super Robot Monkey Team Hyperforce Go!\"\nMonkey Mind Scream. As the Silver Monkey, he can pass through walls, throw boomerangs, and use hidden spider legs. Voiced by Kevin Michael Richardson. SPRX-77 (or Sparx, pronounced \"\"Sparks\"\") is the red monkey, and the team's best pilot. He is very much the comedian of the group. But, he is still very brave and willing to protect his comrades at any cost. Though he is annoying to Nova, he still harbors feelings for her. This doesn't keep him from hitting on other females at times, even right in front of Nova. He never calls Chiro anything but \"\"Kid,\"\" except in", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 5 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12312757", "chunk_text": "\"Super Robot Monkey Team Hyperforce Go!\"\nRobot. Her main weapons are her Robotic Fists. Voiced by Kari Wahlgren. OTTO-34 (or Otto) is the green monkey, and the team's mechanic. Although his talent with machines is unmatched, he is quite oblivious to everything else around him, but has an obsession with naming the monsters the team encounters. As the monkeys are robotic themselves, it is usually up to him repair any damages. He has a dream of being in the circus, more specifically becoming a trapeze artist. He also has a soft spot for anything young or smaller than him, as seen in \"\"The Stranded Seven\"\" when", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 6 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16301417", "chunk_text": "\"Super Robot Monkey Team Hyperforce Go!\"\ntorso of the Super Robot. Chiro's powers come from the Power Primate, an entity inside of him. Voiced by Greg Cipes. NTAR-11 (or Antauri, pronounced \"\"Antary\"\") is the black (later silver in Seasons 3-4) monkey and the team's second-in-command. Wise, serious, calm, collected, and deeply caring for his friends, he teaches Chiro how to control the Power Primate and gives spiritual advice to the rest of the Hyperforce. He spends most of his time either meditating or patrolling Shuggazoom City. Antauri pilots the Brain Scrambler 2, the head of the Super Robot. His main weapons are his Ghost Claws and", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 7 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10153948", "chunk_text": "\"Super Robot Monkey Team Hyperforce Go!\"\nRobot Monkey Team Hyperforce. In the process, Chiro also fused himself with the Power Primate, allowing him to transform into the brave fighter and bold leader of the team. With the aid of the five Robot Monkeys: Sparx, Antauri, Gibson, Otto and Nova, their mission is to save Shuggazoom City from the Skeleton King, the main antagonist of the series. Since Chiro was not born a superhero, the five Robot Monkeys must train him, which ultimately results in him leading the team. The Robot Monkeys continue to train Chiro, as he fulfills his destiny as protector of the universe. When", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 8 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12314460", "chunk_text": "\"Super Robot Monkey Team Hyperforce Go!\"\nMandarin took the Skeleton King's skull, & Ma & Pa Shanko were arrested. A species of evil entities with the power to destroy creation that were created by an unknown cosmic force when the universe was young. While many were confined in the Netherworld, some of them are dormant in their planets' cores. They have so much evil that any organic life is painfully weakened in the Netherworld. A robot girl whom Chiro falls in love with. She becomes an official Hyperforce member and becomes the protector of Shuggazoom when the Hyperforce left to destroy the Dark Worm. She has", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 9 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12314453", "chunk_text": "\"Super Robot Monkey Team Hyperforce Go!\"\naway by a strange jack in the box looking robot with legs, but he appears in later episodes and with an eyepatch. He makes a brief cameo in Episode 42 in the Ranger 7 Moon Base Prison joyfully showing an artwork of the Skeleton King holding him. He is voiced by Gibson's voice actor Tom Kenny. A union of three monsters sent by the Skeleton King to scan Chiro's Power Primate. A seemingly friendly Wonder Fun Meat World manager. He first looks like a box carton in which you get at a restaurant to hold your food, and has three", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 10 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12312768", "chunk_text": "\"Super Robot Monkey Team Hyperforce Go!\"\nfan of the Hyperforce, and this fanaticism eventually turned into an obsession. In one episode he creates his own virtual world using an invention he created where he can manipulate anything he wants to his will and sucks Chiro into it, but he ends up having his own physical body sucked into the world, but he appears in a painting of him with the Hyperforce as you hear him laugh, assuming he is living out his dream. He is voiced by Jeffrey Combs. Now a disembodied brain, Professor Jakus Maezono was one of the human scientists who worked on the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 11 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6506187", "chunk_text": "\"Super Robot Monkey Team Hyperforce Go!\"\nand was Nova's former martial arts trainer. Voiced by Mako. The only city on the planet, Shuggazoom, Shuggazoom city is the home of the Hyperforce. A rocky desert located on the outskirts of Shuggazoom City that landscapes the rest of the planet Shuggazoom. The Pit of Doom is located here, as well as the deep gorge where the Hyperforce found Captain Shuggazoom. A tropical jungle hidden within a series of caves located beneath Shuggazoom's surface. The jungle contains large deposits of the black ooze that is used to create the Formless, and thus the environment is inhabited by various Formless", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 12 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10156360", "chunk_text": "\"Super Robot Monkey Team Hyperforce Go!\"\nglory days he was young and dashing. When he awoke 60 years later, however, he had aged into an incredibly old man. He is voiced by Bruce Campbell. A mysterious yet kind man who can fuse the elements of Science and Magic for the good of mankind. He was the former human identity of the Skeleton King and created the Hyperforce and Super Robot to combat himself when a Dark One influenced and transformed him into his current undead form. Voiced by Mark Hamill. Also known as the Hard Master, Master Offay runs an interplanetary dojo on the planet Galaxia", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 13 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12314461", "chunk_text": "\"Super Robot Monkey Team Hyperforce Go!\"\npink hair and green eyes. She usually wears her green dress with a heart in the front and the back when she was an honorary member. Now she wears the same style as Chiro's but in dress form. When she called for help in Ghosts of Shuggazoom, she was wearing her original dress. She is voiced by Ashley Johnson. A team of television superheroes that Chiro idolizes. Super Quasar, the leader of the group, can emit solar energy from his visor. Aurora Six the stunning and single female member wields the Sun Gun. Johnny Sunspot, an older midget who looks", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 14 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12312754", "chunk_text": "\"Super Robot Monkey Team Hyperforce Go!\"\nselect episodes. Sparx pilots the Fist Rocket 3, the right hand of the Super Robot. His main weapon are his Magnet Fists. He turned evil in the second-to-last episode \"\"Object of Hate\"\", but with the help of his friends, and a love confession from Nova, he turns good again in the last episode \"\"Soul of Evil\"\". Voiced by Corey Feldman. GBSN-23 (or Mr. Hal Gibson) is the blue monkey, and the team's science and medical officer. He prefers \"\"just 'Gibson'\"\". When answering scientific-related questions, he answers them with long, even confusing and boring, speeches, which are always interrupted by someone", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 15 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12312760", "chunk_text": "\"Super Robot Monkey Team Hyperforce Go!\"\nto become the \"\"Skeleton King Worm\"\" and traveled across the universe, transforming once peaceful worlds into desolate wastelands in its wake. Eventually, the Hyperforce ended the Skeleton King Worm's rampage by destroying it before it could destroy another planet (Earth). After getting severed from the worm, however, Skeleton King's head was recovered from the depths of space by Mandarin and returned to Shuggazoom, where it was later stolen by the Skeletal Circle, a group of Skeleton King's mortal disciples led by Ma and Pa Shenko (Valeena's Parents), who thought to use the head's power to curse Shuggazoom City until they", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 16 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6506183", "chunk_text": "\"Super Robot Monkey Team Hyperforce Go!\"\nWahlgren voices Leeah. A tiny furball that can transform into a large battle form. Its slobber made all of the monkey team immune to a computer virus it was carrying; a scheme of Skeleton King to destroy the Hyperforce. Except for Gibson and the Super Robot, who tried to destroy Suggazoom City, due to the virus. Both returned to normal after they were licked by Thingy as well. Voiced by Frank Welker. A galaxy-class pilot who became obsessed with taking revenge on Skeleton King after a fragment of \"\"The Citadel of Bone\"\" placed his ship, \"\"The Last Chance\"\", and his", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 17 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6506184", "chunk_text": "\"Super Robot Monkey Team Hyperforce Go!\"\ncrew at risk. Voiced by Lance Henriksen. The previous defender of Shuggazoom City, whose secret identity was the wealthy billionaire playboy industrialist Clayton Carrington. He was a close ally of The Alchemist, who built all of his equipment (including the sleep cannon). When the Demon Beast escaped the Netherworld from the Alchemist's dimensional portal to terrorize Shuggazoom City, Captain Shuggazoom fought against it and used the sleep cannon to put it into stasis. However, he was caught in the rays and lay dormant in a hidden underground cavern along with the Demon Beast for the next 60 years. He was", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 18 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12314463", "chunk_text": "\"Super Robot Monkey Team Hyperforce Go!\"\nHe is voiced by Scott Menville. A living planetesimal who was used by Skeleton King to collide with The Planet Shuggazoom until Chiro convinced it to work for the side of good. Voiced by Clancy Brown. Consisting of an intergalactic circus crew, the Ringmaster, Leeah the Jungle Girl, and the Clown, the Citadel of Bone's black ooze infects them, plotting to transform the populace into mindless clowns until Chiro and Otto destroyed the Ringmaster's hat. After the ordeal The Circus allowed Otto to perform in the circus and remained allies with the Hyperforce. Robert Englund voices the Ringmaster and Kari", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 19 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10153961", "chunk_text": "\"Super Robot Monkey Team Hyperforce Go!\"\nlost his original body), where Valeena was successful in resurrecting Skeleton King in a new form similar to Darth Vader. Upon his resurrection, he blasted Valeena into ash and raised a black castle of Formless Ooze within the Pit, which currently serves as a fortress for him and his undead army as he plans to wage war \"\"between the living and the dead\"\" on Shuggazoom City. He is voiced by Mark Hamill. The orange monkey who originally lead the Hyperforce, he was the wisest out of all of the six monkeys, Although their job was to protect Shuggazoom City, Mandarin", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 20 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12314459", "chunk_text": "\"Super Robot Monkey Team Hyperforce Go!\"\n& conjure vile spells using the Skeleton King's skull as a source for power. Ma & Pa Shanko, Valeena's parents & owners of the arcade in Shuggazoom, are the leaders of the cult & are voiced by Kari Wahlgren and Clancy Brown respectively. Valeena used to be a member, but she left when Ma & Pa Shanko chose her to accept the Skeleton King's powers. The cult only appeared in Episode 49. It is unknown what happened to the cult after Episode 49, but it is likely that the cult disbanded because they no longer practiced black magic, Valeena &", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 21 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12312767", "chunk_text": "\"Super Robot Monkey Team Hyperforce Go!\"\na piece of the Skeleton King's essence in it after taking parts of a probe that abducted it. Also voiced by Mark Hamill. A psychic being that serves the Skeleton King. He looks like an old man, except that his waist and below is an elevator-like protrusion instead of feet. He has the ability to transport anybody who comes into the elevator to a completely different spot. He disguised himself as an old man in an elevator, leaving many people inconspicuous. Voiced by Clancy Brown. A sad and lonely man who grew up with a robotic mother. He is a", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 22 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7861756", "chunk_text": "\"Super Robot Monkey Team Hyperforce Go!\"\nFamily in August 2006, and the series began to air exclusively on Toon Disney. It was also shown on \"\"Jetix UK\"\" from January 1, 2005, but was taken off the air on July 22, 2006, for unknown reasons. The entire series was, however, broadcast in the UK on GMTV's \"\"Toonattik\"\". SRMTHG was produced for widescreen, but originally shown cropped due to network restrictions. Each episode runs for 30 minutes, with commercials. Its theme song is performed by Japanese synthpop/new wave band Polysics. Disney did not renew the show for a fifth season, leaving it with a cliffhanger ending. Super Robot", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 23 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10156351", "chunk_text": "\"Super Robot Monkey Team Hyperforce Go!\"\nfriends one being a meat cone, a shake, and a giant fries who mutate into strange zombie creatures. It is found out that he is planning to eat people by fattening them up, being an obvious tribute to \"\"Motel Hell\"\" and \"\"Soylent Green\"\". Also voiced by Kevin Michael Richardson. He is currently imprisoned in the Ranger 7 Moon Base Prison. Also known as Duke Scrapperton, Grand Earl of the Mecha Realm. Once a mortal man who replaced every part of his body (except for his brain and what appears to be one remaining eye) with a mechanical part. He hovers", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 24 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5427938", "chunk_text": "\"Super Monkey Ball\"\nSuper Monkey Ball Super Monkey Ball is a series of arcade platform video games developed by Amusement Vision and distributed by Sega. It features four characters: Aiai, Meemee, Baby and Gongon (who is exclusive to console versions). The game debuted in Japan in 2001 as an upright arcade cabinet called Monkey Ball which featured a banana-shaped joystick. Later that year, it was released as a GameCube game. Several sequels and ports have been released. As opposed to normal games where the player takes control of the character itself, \"\"Super Monkey Ball\"\" has the player move their character around by tilting", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 25 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12312769", "chunk_text": "\"Super Robot Monkey Team Hyperforce Go!\"\nPrometheus Project and assisted in the creation of the Super Robot. He wanted to transfer his consciousness into the Prometheus Five model, thus allowing him to live forever as the ultimate super-weapon. Dr. Takeuchi, his friend and fellow scientist attempted to stop him but was killed in the process. Voiced by Dee Bradley Baker. A tiny monkey who acts as a spy for Skeleton King. He was originally presumed to be Jinmay's pet in the first episode, but he pins her down and opens up her chest, revealing that she is a robot. He fails Skeleton King and is taken", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 26 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10153960", "chunk_text": "\"Super Robot Monkey Team Hyperforce Go!\"\nwere interrupted by the Hyperforce. During the battle, the head was split in two to reveal a Crystal Skull which was collected by Mandarin and Valeena. It was revealed that the Crystal Skull was one of the elements needed to resurrect Skeleton King (along with objects such as The Alchemist's Robe, The Ice Crystal of Vengeance, The Fire of Hate, and The Soul of Evil), which led Mandarin and Valeena to team up and gather the objects across the planet with the Hyperforce attempting to stop them. The search ended in the \"\"Pit of Doom\"\" (the place where Skeleton King", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 27 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12314468", "chunk_text": "\"Super Robot Monkey Team Hyperforce Go!\"\ncreatures. It is likely that the Savage Lands were once occupied by some sort of ancient civilization, as it houses a great deal of seemingly ancient temples and tombs. One of these temples was used as Valeena's base of operations, which she ruled over the area from after receiving her powers from Skeleton King. The Alchemist's laboratory is also located here. A frozen plain located on Shuggazoom's North Pole that is occupied only by Morlath and his snow monsters. The Ice Crystal of Vengeance was located here. A long forgotten realm located south of the Zone of Wasted Years. Centuries", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 28 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12314458", "chunk_text": "\"Super Robot Monkey Team Hyperforce Go!\"\naction, second Gibson is wished to Otto would be smarter, and the third and final wish is Sparx wishes for an anti-wigglenog bazooka but it ends up firing flowers because the rule is you cannot harm a Wigglenog or wish to cause harm to it. Otto outsmarts the Wigglenog and wishes they never met him after faking him out with one extra wish. The Wigglenog is voiced by John Kassir. The Skeletal Circle was an underground cult consisting of normal Shuggazoom citizens who worships the Skeleton King. They consist of sorcerers & evil people. The cult would practice black magic", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 29 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12314462", "chunk_text": "\"Super Robot Monkey Team Hyperforce Go!\"\nlike a young boy, uses special gloves to create and control black holes. They once worked under the Skeleton King, but eventually turned to the Hyperforce's side. Super Quasar was voiced by Keone Young Aurora Six voiced by Meredith Salenger and Johnny Sunspot was voiced by Tom Kenny. Johnny's voice is similar to SpongeBob SquarePants from the titular show of the same name as both are voiced by Kenny himself. Also known as Prometheus Five, the fifth and most recent in a series of robots of which the Super Robot is the prototype. Slingshot can manipulate energy to increase speed.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 30 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14204230", "chunk_text": "\"Super Monkey Ball 3D\"\nSuper Monkey Ball 3D \"\"Super Monkey Ball 3D\"\" supports three full-featured gameplay modes: traditional \"\"Super Monkey Ball\"\" puzzles, \"\"Monkey Race\"\" in which players race each other in frantic car battles, and \"\"Monkey Fight\"\" in which players fight each other in manic brawls similar to the Super Smash Brothers series of games. The last two modes, Monkey Race and Monkey Fight, can be played via wireless connection with up to four players locally. It was originally released on March 3, 2011 in Japan. It was later released as a launch title on March 25, March 27 and March 31 of the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 31 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10153962", "chunk_text": "\"Super Robot Monkey Team Hyperforce Go!\"\nfelt above serving his guardian and wanted to rule it. As a result, he was exiled from the team and into an off-world prison until his accidental release, triggered by a signal from one of his robotic gloves, which was found in a secret compartment in his old room by Chiro. He then joined forces with the Skeleton King, only to be replaced with a formless ooze replica of himself. The Mandarin replica would fill Mandarin's role in the series from then onwards. His weapons were a Plasma Sword Fist and Shield Fist. James Hong voices him. A Formless Ooze", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 32 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10153964", "chunk_text": "\"Super Robot Monkey Team Hyperforce Go!\"\nthus making him nearly powerless. He is voiced by James Hong, who voices the original Mandarin. Valeena Shanko (better known as the Skull Sorceress) was a member of the Skeletal Circle who was brought to Skeleton King by her caring but critical parents as a child to accept his full power. Unfortunately, Skeleton King's influence saw her fit to rule the Savage Lands from an abandoned ancient temple. Her first appearance is in the episode of Antauri's resurrection, where she had kidnapped Jinmay in an attempt to sacrifice her to the Skeleton King Worm but the Monkey Team interfered, freed", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 33 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6506185", "chunk_text": "\"Super Robot Monkey Team Hyperforce Go!\"\nlater discovered and awakened by the Hyperforce, and the Demon Beast was roused in the process. After Captain Shuggazoom aided the Hyperforce in sending the Demon Beast back into the Netherworld, Captain Shuggazoom returned to the Alchemist's lab in the Savage Lands to learn what happened in Alchemist's last days before he was transformed into the Skeleton King. Captain Shuggazoom was attacked by Valeena and Mandarin but was rescued by the Hyperforce and currently resides in one of the Super Robot's healing chambers. Captain Shuggazoom bears a strong resemblance to Chiro and has a mental connection to Antauri. During his", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 34 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12312758", "chunk_text": "\"Super Robot Monkey Team Hyperforce Go!\"\nhe gives the seemingly useless piece of metal on the end of his tail to a young cat-like character, whom he called \"\"Lil' guy.\"\" Otto pilots the Foot Crusher Cruiser 5, the left foot of the Super Robot. His main weapons are his Energy Saw Fists. He is voiced by Clancy Brown. An evil cybernetic undead warlord/sorcerer residing in \"\"The Citadel of Bone\"\", a gigantic living spaceship made entirely out of bones filled with nightmarish creatures, who plots to rule the universe starting with Shuggazoom and is obsessed with finding out why Chiro is able to manipulate the Power Primate.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 35 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12312766", "chunk_text": "\"Super Robot Monkey Team Hyperforce Go!\"\nhis first defeat. She succeeded along with Mandarin, but as a token of \"\"gratitude\"\", Skeleton King blasted her into ashes. She was voiced by Hynden Walch. The Formless are the monochrome skeleton-like creatures created from black ooze and act as the foot soldiers of the Skeleton King. Guardian Formless, more violent and dangerous, appear in Episode 27 and Episode 28. They belong to Valeena, the Skull Sorceress. A black and bulky looking, yet powerful robot made to personally serve the Skeleton King as his herald. It was later transformed into the powerful Skeleton King Droid as a result of having", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 36 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7251844", "chunk_text": "\"Super Robot Wars T\"\nthe game as well as returning entries to the series. \"\"Mobile Fighter G Gundam\"\" and \"\"Gun Sword\"\" both return in the franchise after their last respective game debuts while \"\"\"\" properly debuted in the game after its one-time event debut in \"\"Super Robot Wars X-Ω\"\". For the debuting series, \"\"Magic Knight Rayearth\"\" becomes the second \"\"Shōjo\"\" anime series after \"\"Aikatsu!\"\" to debut in the series while \"\"\"\" marks as the second Space Opera series to debut in the franchise. Similar to V and X, the game features a guest mecha unit in the form of the \"\"Gespenst\"\" from \"\"4th Super", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 37 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20513789", "chunk_text": "\"Hyper Force\"\nHyper Force Hyper Force is a side-scrolling action-adventure platform video game developed by Visual Impact Productions and published by Songbird Productions exclusively for the Atari Jaguar on April 10, 2000. The players take control of a lone soldier in the year 2099, where a megacorporation that has destroyed multiple planets plans to start a war against Earth if they are not stopped. Originally announced in 1994, \"\"Hyper Force\"\" was showcased in E3 1995 but it was not released until 2000, a year after the system was declared as an open platform by Hasbro Interactive in . \"\"Hyper Force\"\" received mixed", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 38 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14766097", "chunk_text": "Ultrabots\nUltrabots Ultrabots (a.k.a. Xenobots - European title) is an MS-DOS computer game in which the player controls a group of giant robots and battles other giant robots. The game was developed by Novalogic and published by Electronic Arts. Gameplay consists of deploying a group of robots to an area and engaging enemy forces. Both sides will typically have a number of robots and a base to protect. Damaged robots can return to the base for repairs. As robots take damage they will become harder to control and use as various systems fail. The user can take direct control of one", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 39 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12312759", "chunk_text": "\"Super Robot Monkey Team Hyperforce Go!\"\nThe Skeleton King was once the Alchemist, a kindly master of the elements of science and magic whose soul was corrupted by The Dark Ones (an evil race of trans-dimensional entities), thus becoming their most loyal servant. Before the corruption could be completed, he created the Hyperforce to protect the cosmos from his own evil. The Skeleton King masterminded key events like the creation of The Pit of Doom and the corruption of the Power Primate to awaken one of The Dark Ones from Shuggazoom's core. During the climactic battle, Skeleton King's decapitated head merged with the unleashed Dark One", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 40 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1239192", "chunk_text": "\"Virtual On\"\navailable only in a few version, were expanded to including spinoffs, such as Virtuaroid Guarayakha with special equipment, and more alternate-colored versions of some Virtuaroids. As of 2014, plastic models of \"\"Virtual On\"\" franchise are still in production. The Virtuaroids Temjin 747J, Ahparmd the HA-T and Fei-Yen the Knight from the \"\"Virtual-On\"\" series appeared in the Japanese, turn-based strategy game \"\"Super Robot Wars Alpha 3\"\". This was the first occasion of characters from a video game series, owned neither by Banpresto nor their parent company Namco Bandai, appearing in a Super Robot Wars game. Of note about the game is", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 41 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "658086", "chunk_text": "\"Super Robot Wars NEO\"\nSuper Robot Wars NEO NEO is the first Super Robot Wars title to appear on the Nintendo Wii. NEO carries on from Super Robot Wars GC and Super Robot Wars XO by using 3D models for the battle animations, rather than the standard 2D sprite animation which the Super Robot Wars series is known for. NEO also stands out as the many anime series featured were shows aimed at a younger audience, three of the titles making a debut: Haō Taikei Ryū Knight, NG Knight Lamune & 40 and Shippū! Iron Leaguer originated in the early-to-mid-90s \"\"chibi robo\"\" style of", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 42 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17622139", "chunk_text": "\"Space Harrier\"\n\"\"The 3-D Battles of WorldRunner\"\" for the Famicom and Nintendo Entertainment System, which was followed by Pony Canyon's 1987 Famicom release \"\"Attack Animal Gakuen\"\" and other Japan-exclusive games such as Namco's \"\"Burning Force\"\", Asmik's \"\"Cosmic Epsilon\"\", and Wolf Team's \"\"Jimmu Denshō\"\", all released in 1989. Space Harrier \"\"Space Harrier\"\" has been ported to over twenty different home computer and gaming platforms, either by Sega or outside developers such as Dempa in Japan and Elite Systems in North America and Europe. Two home-system sequels followed in \"\"Space Harrier 3-D\"\" and \"\"Space Harrier II\"\" (both released in 1988), and the arcade spinoff", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 43 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5490055", "chunk_text": "\"Super Monkey Ball (video game)\"\nSuper Monkey Ball (video game) Super Monkey Ball is a 2001 platform party video game developed by Amusement Vision and published by Sega. The game debuted in Japan at the 2001 Amusement Operators Union trade show as Monkey Ball, an arcade cabinet running on Sega's NAOMI hardware and controlled with a distinctive banana-shaped analog stick. Due to the failure of Sega's Dreamcast home console and the company's subsequent restructuring, an enhanced port dubbed \"\"Super Monkey Ball\"\" was released as a launch title for the GameCube in late 2001, garnering interest as Sega's first game published for a Nintendo home console.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 44 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13886160", "chunk_text": "\"Super Monkey Ball\"\nThe playable characters of the whole series are Aiai, Meemee, Baby, Gongon, Yanyan, Doctor, Jam, Jet, C Aiai, W Meemee, A Baby, F Gongon, P Yanyan, R Doctor, N Jam, and B Jet. Aiai is a playable character in \"\"Sonic Riders\"\" and \"\"Sega Superstars Tennis\"\" (the latter of which also features Meemee as an unlockable character). Aiai also appears in \"\"Sonic & Sega All-Stars Racing\"\". In this game, he rides a banana car and his All-Star move has him racing in his ball along with Meemee, Gongon and Baby crashing into the other players. He returns in the sequel, \"\"Sonic", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 45 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4010006", "chunk_text": "\"Super Monkey Ball\"\n& All-Stars Racing Transformed\"\", along with the addition of Meemee as a playable character. Aiai was also featured in Archie Comics' adapt of the second game in Sonic Universe #45. The primary characters are Aiai, Meemee, Baby and Gongon. They are present in many games. \"\"Super Monkey Ball Adventure\"\", \"\"\"\", and \"\"Super Monkey Ball 3D\"\" incorporated a larger roster of playable characters, usually varying from title to title. Super Monkey Ball Super Monkey Ball is a series of arcade platform video games developed by Amusement Vision and distributed by Sega. It features four characters: Aiai, Meemee, Baby and Gongon (who", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 46 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2996319", "chunk_text": "HyperScan\nchip design. Five games were released for the HyperScan: \"\"X-Men\"\", \"\"Ben 10\"\", \"\"Interstellar Wrestling League\"\", \"\"Marvel Heroes\"\", and \"\"Spider-Man\"\". A sixth game based on \"\"Avatar: The Last Airbender\"\" and a seventh game called \"\"Nick Extreme Sports\"\" were announced, but cancelled. The \"\"X-Men\"\" game is a fighting game in which two characters face off against each other in self-contained matches similar to Street Fighter. \"\"Marvel Heroes\"\", which includes some \"\"X-Men\"\" characters, is a side-scrolling, adventure quest. The \"\"Ben 10\"\" and \"\"Spider-Man\"\" games are similar to \"\"Marvel Heroes\"\". \"\"Interstellar Wrestling League\"\" is a sort of 2v2 fighting game similar to \"\"Tekken\"\", but", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 47 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1013700", "chunk_text": "\"Monkey Typhoon\"\nrobots whose general title is a portmanteau of the words association and robot—Goku, Tongo, and Joe. They are assisted in their journeys by Sanzo, a human, the son of the creator of the asobots, and Suzie, who joined them after her father was cured from the Destruction Virus. Later on they are joined by their former rivals Miyon and Shiyon. Their quest is to stop their world's destruction by collecting the legendary 49 keys to unlock Tokyo Metropolitan Government. Along the way, the asobots gain the ability to evolve further. Together, in their many voyages, they come across several foes", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 48 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19095281", "chunk_text": "\"Super Fighter Team\"\nSuper Fighter Team Super Fighter Team is a video game production and publishing company whose primary focus is on producing and publishing new video games for classic systems such as the Sega Genesis and Atari Lynx, among others. The company was founded in 2004 by salesman and entrepreneur Brandon Cobb and is based in San Diego, California. \"\"Super Fighter Team\"\" takes their name from a little-known brawler from the early 1990s, C&E Inc.'s Super Fighter, which was the first title acquired by the company. The company has since acquired the rights to produce and publish various other titles that were", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 49 } ]
test_3522	what is the current population of bora bora?	n/a	[ "10,605" ]	[]	n/a	n/a	n/a	[]	[ { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10896992", "chunk_text": "Papeete\nor the Bora Bora cruiseline to go to Bora Bora. The urban area of Papeete had a total population of 136,771 inhabitants at the August 2017 census, 26,926 of whom lived in the commune of Papeete proper. The urban area of Papeete is made up of seven communes. They are listed from northeast to southwest: Average population growth of the Papeete urban area: The places of birth of the 131,695 residents in the Papeete urban area at the 2007 census were the following: At the 2007 census, 98.2% of the population in the urban area of Papeete whose age was", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 0 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10344312", "chunk_text": "Borama\nwettest month is 110 mm. The average temperatures vary during the year by 7 °C. As of 2005, Borama had a population of around 315,616 inhabitants. The Awdal region in which the city is situated is inhabited by people from the Somali ethnic group, with the Gadabuursi subclan of the Dir especially well represented and considered the pre-dominant clan of the region. There is also a sizeable minority of the Issa subclan of the Dir who mainly inhabit the Zeila district. Currently, there are 52 primary and secondary schools in Borama. These schools can be divided into three main categories:", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 1 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2922508", "chunk_text": "\"Bora Bora\"\non the western side of the main island, opposite the main channel into the lagoon. Produce of the island is mostly limited to what can be obtained from the sea and the plentiful coconut trees, which were historically of economic importance for copra. , the Bora Bora group has a permanent population of 10,605. In ancient times the island was called \"\"Pora pora mai te pora\"\", meaning \"\"created by the gods\"\" in the local Tahitian dialect. This was often abbreviated \"\"Pora Pora\"\" meaning simply \"\"first born\"\". Because of ambiguities in the phonemes of the Tahitian language, this could also be", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 2 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7151817", "chunk_text": "\"Bora people\"\nBora people The Bora are an indigenous tribe of the Peruvian, Colombian and Brazilian Amazon, located between the Putumayo and Napo rivers. The Bora speak a Witotan language and comprise approximately 2,000 people. In the last forty years, they have become a largely settled people living mostly in permanent forest settlements. In the animist Bora worldview, there is no distinction between the physical and spiritual worlds and spirits are present throughout the world. Bora families practice exogamy. The Bora have an elaborate knowledge of the plant life of the surrounding rainforest. Like other indigenous peoples of the Peruvian Amazon, such", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 3 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2922512", "chunk_text": "\"Bora Bora\"\nMute, Motu Tufari, Motu Tehotu, Motu Pitiaau, Sofitel Motu, Motu Toopua, and Toopuaiti. The commune also includes the Tūpai atoll. (), located north of Bora Bora. The atoll of Tūpai has no permanent population apart from about 50 workers in the coconut plantations. The commune is an administrative subdivision of the Leeward Islands and consists of three associated communes: Anau, Faanui and Vaitape. The administrative centre of the commune is the settlement of Vaitape, on the island of Bora Bora proper. Gaston Tong Sang is the Mayor of the commune of Bora-Bora, serving since 1989. The island's economy is driven", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 4 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "945407", "chunk_text": "\"Bora Bora Commune\"\nMute, Motu Tufari, Motu Tehotu, Motu Pitiaau, Sofitel Motu, Motu Toopua, and Toopuaiti. The commune is in the administrative subdivision of the Leeward Islands and consists of the following associated communes: The administrative center of the commune is the settlement of Vaitape, on the island of Bora Bora. President of French Polynesia Édouard Fritch is the current mayor of Bora Bora in addition to being the President. Bora Bora Commune Bora-Bora is a commune of French Polynesia, an overseas territory of France in the Pacific Ocean. The commune is in the administrative subdivision of the Leeward Islands. The commune of", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 5 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "945406", "chunk_text": "\"Bora Bora Commune\"\nBora Bora Commune Bora-Bora is a commune of French Polynesia, an overseas territory of France in the Pacific Ocean. The commune is in the administrative subdivision of the Leeward Islands. The commune of Bora-Bora is made up of the island of Bora Bora proper with its surrounding islets emerging from the coral reef (30.55 km²/11.3 sq. miles in total) and of the atoll of Tupai (), located north of Bora Bora. The atoll of Tupai has no permanent population apart from some seasonal workers in the coconut plantations. The surrounding islets include Motu Tapu, Motu Ahuna, Tevairoa, Motu Tane, Motu", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 6 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4905300", "chunk_text": "\"Bora (woreda)\"\nBora (woreda) Bora is one of the woredas in the Oromia Region of Ethiopia. It was part of the former woreda of Dugda Bora. Part of the Misraq Shewa Zone it is located in the Great Rift Valley. The administrative center of Bora is Bote (Alem Tena). The 2007 national census reported a total population for this woreda of 58,748, of whom 30,487 were men and 28,261 were women; 11,403 or 19.41% of its population were urban dwellers. The majority of the inhabitants said they practised Ethiopian Orthodox Christianity, with 86% of the population reporting they observed this belief, while", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 7 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7151819", "chunk_text": "\"Bora people\"\ntribe's ancestral lands are currently threatened by illegal logging practices. The Bora have no indigenous reserves. Bora people The Bora are an indigenous tribe of the Peruvian, Colombian and Brazilian Amazon, located between the Putumayo and Napo rivers. The Bora speak a Witotan language and comprise approximately 2,000 people. In the last forty years, they have become a largely settled people living mostly in permanent forest settlements. In the animist Bora worldview, there is no distinction between the physical and spiritual worlds and spirits are present throughout the world. Bora families practice exogamy. The Bora have an elaborate knowledge of", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 8 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1509027", "chunk_text": "Boal\ncapital of the homonymous municipality. It is located in the south-eastern mountainside of the Penouta range near the headwaters of the Pendia River, at about 450 m above sea level. It has a population of 588 inhabitants, being they distributed among the three main districts which the town consists of: During the first decades of the 19th century the municipality of Boal kept a slow increase of population that was noticeably accelerated with the construction of the dam of Doiras in 1930, reaching in that year its historical maximum of 7,365 inhabitants. The relatively high levels of population remained until", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 9 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1213098", "chunk_text": "Bosco/Gurin\nof the population are between 0 and 9 years old and 5 teenagers or 9.3% are between 10 and 19. Of the adult population, 4 people or 7.4% of the population are between 20 and 29 years old. 10 people or 18.5% are between 30 and 39, 9 people or 16.7% are between 40 and 49, and 10 people or 18.5% are between 50 and 59. The senior population distribution is 8 people or 14.8% of the population are between 60 and 69 years old, 4 people or 7.4% are between 70 and 79, there are 2 people or 3.7%", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 10 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11105867", "chunk_text": "Bororo\nBororo The Bororo are indigenous people of Brazil, living in the state of Mato Grosso. They also extended into Bolivia and the Brazilian state of Goiás. The Western Bororo live around the Jauru and Cabaçal rivers. The Eastern Bororo (Orarimogodoge) live in the region of the São Lourenço, Garças, and Vermelho Rivers. The Bororo live in eight villages. The Bororo (or even Coroados , Boe , Orarimogodo ) are an ethnic group in Brazil that has an estimated population of just under two thousand. They speak the Borôro language (code ISO 639 : BOR) and are mainly of animistic belief", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 11 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11190539", "chunk_text": "\"Borio (community development block)\"\nand Santhalis generally inhabit the area. Borio CD Block has 344 gram panchayats, 264 inhabited (chiragi) and 80 uninhabited (bechiragi) villages. As per 2011 Census of India Borio CD Block had a total population of 97,845, of which 90,881 were rural and 6,964 were urban. There were 49,234 (50 %) males and 48,611 (50 %) females. Population below 6 years was 17,825. Scheduled Castes numbered 2,479 and Scheduled Tribes numbered 59,732. Borio, with a population of 6,964 in 2011 census, is a census town. As per 2011 census the total number of literates in Borio CD Block was 33,916 (42.38", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 12 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14297245", "chunk_text": "Boruca\nand 2008-2011. Boruca The Boruca (also known as the Brunca or the Brunka) are an indigenous people living in Costa Rica. The tribe has about 2,660 members, most of whom live on a reservation in the Puntarenas Province in southwestern Costa Rica, a few miles away from the Pan-American Highway where it follows the Rio Terraba. The ancestors of the modern Boruca made up a group of chiefdoms that ruled most of Costa Rica's Pacific coast, from Quepos to what is now the Panamanian border, including the Osa Peninsula. Boruca traditionally spoke the Boruca language, which is now nearly extinct.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 13 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11905218", "chunk_text": "\"Hotel Bora Bora\"\nhotel is based on the traditional Tahitian style. The 65 luxury rooms and 15 over-the-water bungalows are built on stilts in the water, facing the Bora Bora Lagoon. Notable guests at Hotel Bora Bora have included Nicole Kidman, Keith Urban, Charlize Theron, Bill Gates, Sharon Stone, Keanu Reeves, Pierce Brosnan, Eddie Murphy, Dan and Sharon Greany, and the Weinman clan. Hotel Bora Bora Hotel Bora Bora is a luxury hotel and resort located on the island of Bora Bora in the Society Islands in French Polynesia. It is currently a part of Aman Resorts. Hotel Bora Bora has been reviewed", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 14 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5432551", "chunk_text": "\"Bora language\"\nBora language Bora is an indigenous language of South America spoken in the western region of Amazon rainforest. Bora is a tonal language which, other than the Ticuna language, is a unique trait in the region. The majority of its speakers reside in Peru and Colombia. Around 2,328 Bora speakers live in the areas of the northeast Yaguasyacu, Putumayo and Ampiyacu rivers of Peru. There are about 500 speakers of Bora also in Colombia in the Putumayo Department. Peruvian speakers have a 10 to 30% literacy rate and a 25 to 50% literacy rate in their second language of Spanish.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 15 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16322581", "chunk_text": "\"Bera Upazila\"\ncensus, Bera has a population of 208,897. Males constitute 52.11% of the population, and females 47.89%. This Upazila's 18-up population is 100,253. Bera has an average literacy rate of 24.1% (7+ years), and the national average of 32.4% literate. Bera has 10 Unions/Wards, 189 Mauzas/Mahallas, and 157 villages. \"\"Chairman:\"\" Muhammad Abdul kader \"\"Vice Chairman:\"\" Md. anis \"\"Woman Vice Chairman:\"\" Most. Asma Khatun \"\"Upazila Nirbahi Officer\"\" (UNO): Mohammad Saiful Islam Bera Upazila Bera () is an Upazila of Pabna District in the Division of Rajshahi, Bangladesh. Bera is located at . It has 35,351 households and a total area of .", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 16 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4996329", "chunk_text": "Borim\nBorim Borim or Bori is a census town in Ponda taluka, North Goa district in the state of Goa, India on the banks of Zuari River. It has a land area of 1536.07 acres and has a population size of 8,257 people living there. The village has a rich history dating back to the 12th century Kadamba era, when the Kamleshwar temple was built at Deulwada by the Kadamba queen, Kamaladevi. The name \"\" Bore\"\" is etymologically derived from the word \"\" Bora\"\" (Indian berry, zizyphus). It is said that the village had many Bora trees at some point in", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 17 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7796158", "chunk_text": "Boaco\nimportant role in the country's economy as a major producer of beef and dairy produces in what is called the cattle cluster (which includes the Chontales region). Of the population of 56,900 (2006 est.), 27,900 (49%) are men and 29,000 (51%) women. The average age is 21.4 years; 60.5% of the population is between 15 and 64 years of age. The rural population represents 61% of the total and the urban population 39%. The population density is 52.36 inh./km². Boaco has a public library, \"\"Fernando Buitrago Morales\"\", founded after the Sandinista Revolution in July 1979 by Flavio César Tijerino and", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 18 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2922507", "chunk_text": "\"Bora Bora\"\nBora Bora Bora Bora (French: \"\"Bora-Bora\"\", Tahitian: \"\"Pora Pora\"\") is a island group in the Leeward group in the western part of the Society Islands of French Polynesia, an overseas collectivity of France in the Pacific Ocean. The main island, located about northwest of Papeete, is surrounded by a lagoon and a barrier reef. In the center of the island are the remnants of an extinct volcano rising to two peaks, Mount Pahia and Mount Otemanu, the highest point at . Bora Bora is a major international tourist destination, famous for its aqua-centric luxury resorts. The major settlement, Vaitape, is", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 19 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11905216", "chunk_text": "\"Hotel Bora Bora\"\nHotel Bora Bora Hotel Bora Bora is a luxury hotel and resort located on the island of Bora Bora in the Society Islands in French Polynesia. It is currently a part of Aman Resorts. Hotel Bora Bora has been reviewed by Conde Nast Traveler and TripAdvisor. The hotel has over-water bungalows and suites, beach bungalows, garden bungalows with swimming pools (referred to as \"\"fare\"\"), gardens, and restaurants. The hotel was not reopened after plans for reconstruction, and remains closed. Hotel Bora Bora first opened in 1961 and was designed by WATG. The original design featured 18 thatched-roof huts. Hotel Bora", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 20 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17522768", "chunk_text": "\"Aka-Bo language\"\na hospital in Port Blair on 26 January 2010. Boa Sr., who was approximately 85 years old, was the oldest living member of the Great Andamanese tribes at the time. Boa Sr.'s death left just 52 surviving Great Andamanese people in the world, none of whom remembers any Bo. Their population is greatly reduced from the estimated 5,000 Great Andamanese living in the Andaman Islands at the time of the arrival of the British in 1858. Stephen Corry, director of the British-based NGO Survival International, issued a statement saying, \"\"With the death of Boa Sr. and the extinction of the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 21 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17026670", "chunk_text": "\"Borlänge\"\nhighest crime rate per thousand inhabitants, dominated by violence and theft. During all of the 20th century Borlänge has been a typical heavy industry community with relatively good economic growth; today the service industry is also thriving and in considerable expansion. According to the Borlänge Municipality, as of 2017, Borlänge has a population of 51,604 inhabitants. 11,693 residents in the city are of foreign origin, comprising 22.7% of the total population. Of these individuals, 8,837 were born abroad and 2,856 were born in Sweden. Most of the residents of foreign background come from Asia, Africa, other Nordic countries, and other", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 22 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11184691", "chunk_text": "\"Bor, Serbia\"\nLindner, Gyula Trebitsch and the father of Ákos Kertész. Among the killed prisoners is Miklós Radnóti. In 1947, Bor received the town status by charta of political authorities. At the time its population was 11,000. In June 2018, Bor gained the status of a city, along with Prokuplje. Aside from the city proper area, the city includes the following settlements: According to the 1910, 1931 and 1971 censuses, the inhabitants of urban area of Bor numbered 2,613 in 1910, 4,749 in 1931 and 29,118 residents in 1971. According to the 2011 census, the population of the Bor numbered 48,615 residents,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 23 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2922509", "chunk_text": "\"Bora Bora\"\npronounced \"\"Bola Bola\"\" or \"\"Bora Bora\"\". When explorer Jacob Roggeveen first landed on the island, he and his crew adopted the name \"\"Bora Bora\"\" which has stood ever since. The island was inhabited by Polynesian settlers around the 4th century The first European sighting was made by Jakob Roggeveen in 1722. James Cook sighted the island on 29 July 1769, using a Tahitian navigator, Tupaia. The London Missionary Society arrived in 1820 and founded a Protestant church in 1890. Bora Bora was an independent kingdom until 1888 when its last queen Teriimaevarua III was forced to abdicate by the French", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 24 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3556835", "chunk_text": "Boruca\nBoruca The Boruca (also known as the Brunca or the Brunka) are an indigenous people living in Costa Rica. The tribe has about 2,660 members, most of whom live on a reservation in the Puntarenas Province in southwestern Costa Rica, a few miles away from the Pan-American Highway where it follows the Rio Terraba. The ancestors of the modern Boruca made up a group of chiefdoms that ruled most of Costa Rica's Pacific coast, from Quepos to what is now the Panamanian border, including the Osa Peninsula. Boruca traditionally spoke the Boruca language, which is now nearly extinct. Like their", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 25 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4905301", "chunk_text": "\"Bora (woreda)\"\n6.01% of the population practiced traditional beliefs, 4.47% of the population were Muslim, and 3.11% of the population were Protestant. Bora (woreda) Bora is one of the woredas in the Oromia Region of Ethiopia. It was part of the former woreda of Dugda Bora. Part of the Misraq Shewa Zone it is located in the Great Rift Valley. The administrative center of Bora is Bote (Alem Tena). The 2007 national census reported a total population for this woreda of 58,748, of whom 30,487 were men and 28,261 were women; 11,403 or 19.41% of its population were urban dwellers. The majority", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 26 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10600006", "chunk_text": "Borongan\nthe Samar municipalities of Hinabangan, Calbiga, Pinabacdao and Basey, and in the east by the Pacific Ocean. The city's territory includes the islands of Ando, Monbon, and Divinubo in Borongan Bay. The city is subdivided into 61 Barangays: According to the 2007 census conducted by the CBMS, Borongan had a total population of 59,354 people in 10,699 households. This rose to 64,457 people in the 2010 census. As of the , it has a population of . The local dialect is Waray-Waray and some locals are able to speak and understand cebuano(bisaya), locals are literate in both English and Filipino.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 27 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10027817", "chunk_text": "Boaco\nBoaco Boaco () is the capital city and municipality of the Boaco Department of Nicaragua. The municipality of Boaco has a population of 56,985 (2015 est.) and an area of 1,086.81 km² (26% of the Boaco Department) while the department (state) is 4,177 km2. The city of Boaco, with a population of approximately 19,000 (2006 est.), is located in the mountains 88 km. east of Managua. Boaco is called \"\"Ciudad de Dos Pisos\"\" (The Two-Storey City), nicknamed by Dr. Armando Incer Barquero. The city's only two flat places are \"\"El Parque\"\" (Park) and the baseball field. The name Boaco has", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 28 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8672912", "chunk_text": "\"Borba, Amazonas\"\nBorba, Amazonas Borba is a municipality in the state of Amazonas in northern Brazil. Borba is located on the banks of the Madeira River around south of Manaus. Its population was 34,961 (2010) and its area is 44,251 km². The city is the seat of the Territorial Prelature of Borba. The municipality contains 46% of the Rio Madeira Sustainable Development Reserve, created in 2006. It contains about 10% of the Matupiri State Park, created in 2009 along the Matupiri River. It fully contains the Matupiri Sustainable Development Reserve, created in 2009. It contain 21% of the Igapó-Açu Sustainable Development Reserve,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 29 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11184685", "chunk_text": "\"Bor, Serbia\"\nBor, Serbia Bor () is a city and the administrative center of the Bor District in eastern Serbia. According to the 2011 census, the city administrative area has a population of 48,615 inhabitants. It has one of the largest European copper mines - RTB Bor. It has been a mining center since 1904, when a French company began operations there.. With 760 residental buildings it present the most urban area due to number of citizens in country, and one of top-five cities in Serbia by number of buildings.. The name is derived from the Serbian word \"\"Bor\"\" (Бор), meaning \"\"pine\"\".", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 30 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6529252", "chunk_text": "Bodio\nchange was a decrease of 4 people. This represents a population growth rate of -2.6%. The age distribution, , in Bodio is; 75 children or 7.7% of the population are between 0 and 9 years old and 90 teenagers or 9.2% are between 10 and 19. Of the adult population, 101 people or 10.3% of the population are between 20 and 29 years old. 131 people or 13.4% are between 30 and 39, 160 people or 16.4% are between 40 and 49, and 146 people or 14.9% are between 50 and 59. The senior population distribution is 126 people or", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 31 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15450491", "chunk_text": "Boji\nworeda has an estimated total population of 115,043, of whom 59,320 are men and 55,723 are women; 9,122 or 7.93% of its population are urban dwellers, which is less than the Zone average of 10.9%. With an estimated area of 966.1 square kilometers, Boji has an estimated population density of 119.1 people per square kilometer, which is greater than the Zone average of 91.7. The 1995 national census reported a total population for this woreda of 82,184 in 13,521 households, of whom 39,968 were men and 42,216 were women; 5,104 or 6.21% of its population were urban dwellers. The largest", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 32 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13105179", "chunk_text": "Borcea\n60 years of age or older. The males represented 50.11% of the population while the females 49.89%. According to the 2002 Romanian census, 99.15% (9,612 people) of the population of Borcea are ethnic Romanians. The remainder is composed of Roma 0.78% (76 people), Hungarians 0.03% (3 people) and Lipovans 0.03% (3 people). In terms of religion, 99.13% (9610 people) of the population are Romanian Orthodox and 0.69% (67 people) are Seventh-day Adventist. The Roman Catholic and the Reformed communities claim 0.14% (14 people) and 0.03% (3 people) of the population respectively. Romanian is spoken as a first language by 99.82%", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 33 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5770600", "chunk_text": "Borim\ntime.\"\"Badrigram\"\", a sankritised version of the village name, also alludes to the Indian berries,known as \"\"Badri\"\" in Sanskrit. Borim Borim or Bori is a census town in Ponda taluka, North Goa district in the state of Goa, India on the banks of Zuari River. It has a land area of 1536.07 acres and has a population size of 8,257 people living there. The village has a rich history dating back to the 12th century Kadamba era, when the Kamleshwar temple was built at Deulwada by the Kadamba queen, Kamaladevi. The name \"\" Bore\"\" is etymologically derived from the word \"\"", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 34 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7319233", "chunk_text": "\"Boko, Kamrup\"\ndistrict headquarters in Amingaon. The population of Boko constituency based on the 2011 census is 111,880. The average sex ratio of Boko is 983 women to 1000 men, or 56,415 males and 55,465 females. 23,509 families resided there. The total literacy rate is 76.17%. The male literacy rate is 70.85% and the female literacy rate is 61.9%. Based on population, Boko is ranked 8th in Kamrup district and ranked 122nd in Assam. Satras at Boko include Bhalukghata Satra, Haripur Satra and Chamaria Satra. Among them, Chamaria Satra is the oldest and largest. This well-known satra is situated about 22km from", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 35 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7082672", "chunk_text": "\"Boa Vista, Cape Verde\"\nof Boa Vista is covered by one municipality, \"\"Concelho da Boa Vista\"\". This municipality consists of two \"\"freguesias\"\" (civil parishes): Santa Isabel and São João Baptista. The municipal seat is the city Sal Rei. The island's two parishes are subdivided into 9 population zones for statistical purposes: Since 2016, the local party BASTA is the ruling party of the municipality. The results of the latest elections, in 2016: In the 1830s, the population of Boa Vista was estimated at 4,000. In 2015 Boa Vista's population was 14,451. Most of the population live in Sal Rei, but there are also several", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 36 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3261785", "chunk_text": "Vaitape\nVaitape Vaitape is the largest city of Bora Bora Island in French Polynesia. It has a population of 4,927, about half of the island's population which is about 9,000. It is located about northwest of Papeete, the capital of French Polynesia. The main language of Vaitape is French, although 20 percent of the population speaks Tahitian. The area was first settled by early Polynesians who arrived on canoes during the 4th century. The early Polynesians built grass huts and hunted fish with spears and sticks. The Tahitians lost the \"\"French Tahitian War\"\" making Tahiti and all the other islands belong", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 37 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18177109", "chunk_text": "Bima\nas Makassar and Ternate, as well as to ports in Lombok, Bali, and East Java. Bima, based on data for 2000, had a population of 116,295–57,108 people (49%) male and 59,187 people (51%) female. There is uneven population distribution, with the densest population concentrated in the centers of economic activity and governance. Largest population in Sub Paruga, which amounted to 12,275 people (11%) and least in the village of 1130 souls totaling Kendo (1%). As of the population census of 2010, the population in Bima numbered 142,443–69,841 men and 72,602 women. The latest official estimate (as at January 2014) is", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 38 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13067556", "chunk_text": "Boaco\nin the municipality of Boaco. Mobile telephones are frequently used by the population. Movistar and Claro are the two telephone companies providing mobile telephone services in the area. BoacoVisión is the local cable TV channel. There are several local radio stations broadcasting on FM. Boaco Boaco () is the capital city and municipality of the Boaco Department of Nicaragua. The municipality of Boaco has a population of 56,985 (2015 est.) and an area of 1,086.81 km² (26% of the Boaco Department) while the department (state) is 4,177 km2. The city of Boaco, with a population of approximately 19,000 (2006 est.),", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 39 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14097287", "chunk_text": "Boljoon\nInstitute declared it a National Historical Landmark. The following year, the National Museum declared it as a National Cultural Treasure. Nuestra Señora de Patrocinio Parish Church was lucky enough to withstand the 7.2 magnitude earthquake in 2013 which affected Bohol and Cebu. On February 2008, archaeologists discovered 26 human remains (with china plates on top of heads) and 16th-century artefacts beneath the parvis of Boljoon Church. Boljoon ', officially the ', (; ), is a in the province of , . According to the , it has a population of people. Boljo-on, as locally called on, has a total land", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 40 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13272323", "chunk_text": "Bankra\nBankra Bankra is a census town in Domjur (community development block) under Domjur police station in Sadar subdivision of Howrah district in the Indian state of West Bengal. Bankra is located at . It has an average elevation of 8 metres (26 feet). As per 2011 Census of India Bankra had a total population of 63,957 of which 33,079 (52%) were males and 30,878 (48%) were females. Population below 6 years was 8,911. The total number of literates in Bankra was 41,560 (75.50 % of the population over 6 years). Bankra was part of Kolkata Urban Agglomeration in 2011 census.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 41 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13272324", "chunk_text": "Bankra\nBankra Bankra is a census town in Domjur (community development block) under Domjur police station in Sadar subdivision of Howrah district in the Indian state of West Bengal. Bankra is located at . It has an average elevation of 8 metres (26 feet). As per 2011 Census of India Bankra had a total population of 63,957 of which 33,079 (52%) were males and 30,878 (48%) were females. Population below 6 years was 8,911. The total number of literates in Bankra was 41,560 (75.50 % of the population over 6 years). Bankra was part of Kolkata Urban Agglomeration in 2011 census.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 42 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1515032", "chunk_text": "\"Chapar Bori\"\nvillage had a population of 1,802. Males constitute 51% of the population and females 49%. 19% of the population is under 6 years of age. 100% of the population are ethnic Assamese people and they speak Assamese and Bangla. Chapar Bori High School is situated in Chapar Bori. There are several other institutions also in the area: some of them are Ashrafulum Sm School, Iliyas Hussain Academy, Chapar Bori ME Madrassa, Nine Star Modern Academy, and Chapar Bori Prak Prathomik vidyalaya. Asom bahomukhi samobai somite, State Bank Of India(CSP), Top Rider Group, Nine Star Club, Lower Assam Club. There are", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 43 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2350016", "chunk_text": "Bogor\nBased on BPS data, Bogor population in 2014 was 1,030,720 people, suggesting a population density of 8,698 people/km. The rapid population growth in Bogor after 1960 is related to urbanization as well as the influx of workforce from other parts of the country. The birth rate in 2009 was 563 children per 10,000 people, with the mortality value of 272. During the same year, 12,709 permanent resident moved in and 3,391 people left the city. Men constituted 51.06% and women 48.94% of the population; 28.39% of the inhabitants were under 15 years old, 67.42% were aged 15–65 years and 3.51%", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 44 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "821977", "chunk_text": "\"Bora language\"\nfacilitated more text books so that speakers can be taught to read and write in their own language, rescuing it from extinction due to the prevalence of Spanish and Portuguese in the regions where it is spoken. All vowels have long forms. Bora demonstrates contrastive vowel length. Bora language Bora is an indigenous language of South America spoken in the western region of Amazon rainforest. Bora is a tonal language which, other than the Ticuna language, is a unique trait in the region. The majority of its speakers reside in Peru and Colombia. Around 2,328 Bora speakers live in the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 45 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16015818", "chunk_text": "\"Bôle\"\nmade up of 749 Swiss men (42.6% of the population) and 118 (6.7%) non-Swiss men. There were 787 Swiss women (44.7%) and 105 (6.0%) non-Swiss women. Of the population in the municipality, 288 or about 16.2% were born in Bôle and lived there in 2000. There were 731 or 41.1% who were born in the same canton, while 426 or 24.0% were born somewhere else in Switzerland, and 294 or 16.5% were born outside of Switzerland. , children and teenagers (0–19 years old) make up 21.5% of the population, while adults (20–64 years old) make up 60.5% and seniors (over", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 46 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19398475", "chunk_text": "Boituva\nBoituva Boituva is a municipality in the state of São Paulo in Brazil. It is part of the Metropolitan Region of Sorocaba. The population is 55,725 (2015 est.) in an area of 248.97 km². The elevation is 637 metres. It is known as the \"\"National Skydive Capital\"\". In Tupi, Boituva means \"\"many snakes\"\". The first inhabitants that formed the settlement called at that time Boituva Fields, began settling here in the late 18th century according to official history. Some scholars affirm that the pioneers of Boituva arrived by train, the former Sorocabana Railway. Others, however assert that the first inhabitants", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 47 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11117506", "chunk_text": "Mobara\nMobara As of December 1, 2015, the city had an estimated population of 89,655, and a population density of 897 persons per km². The total area is . Mobara is located in an inland area of north-central Bōsō Peninsula. The elevation is low, ranging from 8–9 meters in the east, and rising to 100 meters in the west. Its proximity to the Pacific Ocean together with warming effects of the Kuroshio Current, give the area a mild maritime climate, with hot, humid summers and cool, mild winters. Chiba Prefecture Mobara was settled from the earliest times, as evidenced by archaeological", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 48 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15268238", "chunk_text": "\"Bolama Region\"\nBolama Region Bolama is an administrative region in Guinea-Bissau, consisting primarily of the Bijagós Archipelago of the country's southern coast, together with a small coastal strip centred on the coastal town of São João. It has an area of 2,624 km. Its capital is Bolama, on the island of the same name. It is a coastal region covered with Mangrove swamps, rain forest and tangled forest and receives an annual rainfall of more than . As of 2009, the total population of the region was 32,424, with the urban population being 9,118 and rural being 23,306. The sex ratio of", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 49 } ]
test_3523	what was the population of the roman empire at its height?	n/a	[ "50 to 90 million inhabitants", "70 million", "55–60 million", "an estimated 70 million people" ]	[]	n/a	n/a	n/a	[]	[ { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19671140", "chunk_text": "\"Demography of the Roman Empire\"\nDemography of the Roman Empire Demographically, the Roman Empire was an ordinary premodern state. It had high infant mortality, a low marriage age, and high fertility within marriage. Perhaps half of Roman subjects died by the age of 5. Of those still alive at age 10, half would die by the age of 50. At its peak, after the Antonine Plague of the 160s CE, it had a population of about 60–70 million and a population density of about 16 persons per square kilometer. In contrast to the European societies of the classical and medieval periods, Rome had unusually high", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 0 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5591708", "chunk_text": "\"Roman Empire\"\nof 5 million square kilometres. The traditional population estimate of inhabitants accounted for between one-sixth and one-fourth of the world's total population and made it the largest population of any unified political entity in the West until the mid-19th century. Recent demographic studies have argued for a population peak ranging from to more than . Each of the three largest cities in the Empire—Rome, Alexandria, and Antioch—was almost twice the size of any European city at the beginning of the 17th century. As the historian Christopher Kelly has described it: Trajan's successor Hadrian adopted a policy of maintaining rather than", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 1 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18835025", "chunk_text": "\"Ancient Rome\"\nto become one of the largest empires in the ancient world, though still ruled from the city, with an estimated 50 to 90 million inhabitants (roughly 20% of the world's population) and covering 5.0 million square kilometres at its height in AD 117. In its many centuries of existence, the Roman state evolved from a monarchy to a Classical Republic and then to an increasingly autocratic empire. Through conquest and assimilation, it eventually dominated the Mediterranean region, Western Europe, Asia Minor, North Africa, and parts of Northern and Eastern Europe. It is often grouped into classical antiquity together with ancient", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 2 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18829603", "chunk_text": "\"Demography of the Roman Empire\"\nwith comparative evidence from other periods and other parts of the empire. \"\"Beloch's 1886 estimate for the population of the empire during the reign of Augustus:\"\" \"\"Russell's 1958 estimate for the population of the empire in 350 CE:\"\" Recent demographic studies have argued for a population peak ranging from (comparable to the contemporaneous and similarly sized Han empire in China), with one-tenth of them located in Italy itself, to more than . By the standards of pre-modern economies, the Roman Empire was highly urbanized. According to recent work, there were some 1,400 sites with urban characteristics in the Roman world", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 3 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2252352", "chunk_text": "\"Demography of the Roman Empire\"\nin the Imperial period. At its peak, the city of Rome had at least one million inhabitants, a total not equalled again until the 19th century. As the imperial capital, Rome was sustained by transfers in kind from throughout the empire; no other city could be sustained at this level. Other major cities in the empire (Alexandria, Antioch, Carthage, Ephesus, etc.) had populations of about a few hundred thousand. Of the remaining cities, most were quite small, usually possessing only 10–15,000 inhabitants. The cumulative urban population of the empire is estimated at around 14 million (using a population threshold of", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 4 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2995051", "chunk_text": "\"Demography of the Roman Empire\"\nurbanization rates. During the 2nd century CE, the city of Rome had more than one million inhabitants. No Western city would have as many again until the 19th century. For the lands around the Mediterranean Sea and their hinterlands, the period from the second millennium BCE to the early first millennium CE was one of substantial population growth. What would become the territory of the Roman Empire saw an average annual population growth of about 0.1 per cent from the 12th century BCE to the 3rd century CE, resulting in a quadrupling of the region's total population. Growth was slower", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 5 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10531388", "chunk_text": "\"Classical demography\"\nlived within the city of Alexandria. The population of the vast Seleucid Empire has been estimated to have been higher than 30 million. There are many estimates of the population for the Roman Empire, that range from 45 million to 120 million with 55-65 million as the most accepted range. \"\"An estimated population of the empire during the reign of Augustus:\"\" \"\"Beloch's 1886 estimate for the population of the empire during the reign of Augustus:\"\" \"\"Russell's 1958 estimate for the population of the empire in 1 AD:\"\" \"\"Russell's 1958 estimate for the population of the empire in 350 AD:\"\" The", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 6 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5591689", "chunk_text": "\"Roman Empire\"\nTrajan, it covered 5 million square kilometres. It held sway over an estimated 70 million people, at that time 21% of the world's entire population. The longevity and vast extent of the empire ensured the lasting influence of Latin and Greek language, culture, religion, inventions, architecture, philosophy, law and forms of government over the empire's descendants. Throughout the European medieval period, attempts were even made to establish successors to the Roman Empire, including the Empire of Romania, a Crusader state; and the Holy Roman Empire. By means of European colonialism following the Renaissance, and their descendant states, Greco-Roman and Judaeo-Christian", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 7 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3698010", "chunk_text": "\"Military of ancient Rome\"\nand created permanent stations that became cities. At its territorial height, the Roman Empire may have contained between 45 million and 120 million people. Historian Edward Gibbon estimated that the size of the Roman army \"\"most probably formed a standing force of three hundred and seventy-five thousand men\"\" at the Empire's territorial peak in the time of the Roman Emperor Hadrian (117 − 138CE). This estimate probably included only legionary and auxiliary troops of the Roman army. However, Gibbon states that it is \"\"not... easy to define \"\"the size of the Roman military\"\" with any tolerable accuracy.\"\" In the late", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 8 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12660948", "chunk_text": "\"Deforestation during the Roman period\"\nto house increasing populations throughout the Roman Empire. While some Mediterranean houses were built with brick and stone, roof structures, covered with tiles, as well as the floors in multistory apartment buildings were often made of wood. At one point it is estimated that the Roman Empire had a population of 56.8 million people and an estimated one million or more in Rome alone (a population that was not matched in size in Europe until London in the 19th century). With such a large population increase, coupled with an enhancement of exuberant lifestyles and a high standard of living for", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 9 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5591688", "chunk_text": "\"Roman Empire\"\nRomans evolved into the Romance languages of the medieval and modern world. Its adoption of Christianity led to the formation of Christendom during the Middle Ages. Classical and Roman art had a profound impact on the late medieval Italian Renaissance, while Rome's republican institutions influenced the political development of later republics such as the United States. Rome's architectural tradition served as the basis for Neoclassical architecture. The Roman Empire was among the most powerful economic, cultural, political and military forces in the world of its time. It was one of the largest empires in world history. At its height under", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 10 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5591782", "chunk_text": "\"Roman Empire\"\nreached 200 t per annum. At its peak around the mid-2nd century AD, the Roman silver stock is estimated at 10,000 t, five to ten times larger than the combined silver mass of medieval Europe and the Caliphate around 800 AD. As an indication of the scale of Roman metal production, lead pollution in the Greenland ice sheet quadrupled over its prehistoric levels during the Imperial era and dropped again thereafter. The Roman Empire completely encircled the Mediterranean, which they called \"\"our sea\"\" \"\"(mare nostrum)\"\". Roman sailing vessels navigated the Mediterranean as well as the major rivers of the Empire,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 11 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17123712", "chunk_text": "\"Demography of the Roman Empire\"\nThere are few recorded population numbers for the whole of antiquity, and those that exist are often rhetorical or symbolic. Unlike the contemporaneous Han Dynasty, no general census survives for the Roman Empire. The late period of the Roman Republic provides a small exception to this general rule: serial statistics for Roman citizen numbers, taken from census returns, survive for the early Republic through the 1st century CE. Only the figures for periods after the mid-3rd century BCE are reliable, however. Fourteen figures are available for the 2nd century BCE (from 258,318 to 394,736). Only four figures are available for", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 12 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2684133", "chunk_text": "\"Publius Flavius Vegetius Renatus\"\nthe early Empire was a formidable fighting force, but it probably was not in its entirety quite as good as Vegetius describes. In particular, the 5-foot-10-inch minimum height identified by Vegetius would have excluded the majority of the men in Roman times (the Roman foot was 29.6 cm and inch was 2.46 cm, hence a 5'10\"\" Roman was 172.6 cm, which is just above average height of Roman (Italian) men of the time from skeletal evidence from Herculaneum in 79 AD). The emperor Valentinian (364–375) lowered the height minimum to 5' 7\"\" Roman which equals 165.2 cm. Despite the romanticism", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 13 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17123710", "chunk_text": "\"Demography of the Roman Empire\"\nBy providing a check to population densities, these area figures compel a baseline level of plausibility. Beloch's 1886 estimate of the population of the empire in 14 CE has withstood contemporary and more recent criticism, and underlies modern analysis (his 1899 revision of those figures is less esteemed). Only his estimates for Anatolia and Greater Syria required extensive revision; Beloch estimated population figure, 19 million, produced population densities not otherwise achieved in those areas until the 20th century. Bruce Frier, in a recent estimate of the population of the empire, suggested a figure of 12 million as \"\"considerably more plausible\"\".", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 14 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3807942", "chunk_text": "\"Demography of the Roman Empire\"\nassume different methods on the part of the census-takers. The standard interpretation assumes that the census-takers included all citizens—men, women, and children—in the Augustan censuses; the revised interpretation assumes that the census-takers only counted adult men, as they had during the Republican period. The standard interpretation is not supported by any evidence internal to the text, but reduces the implied population totals for 28 BCE Italy from 10 million to a more plausible 4 million. The high total earns support from recorded conflict over land in the late Republic and other indications of population pressure, but does not accord well", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 15 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18550556", "chunk_text": "\"Demography of the Roman Empire\"\n5,000 individuals), indicating an urbanization rate of at least 25-30 % to be consistent with conventional estimates for the total population, comparable to those in the 19th century. High mortality rates and pre-modern sanitary conditions made urban regions net population sinks, with more local deaths than births. They could only be sustained by constant immigration. The large cities provided a major stimulus to demand, and not only for agricultural products, but for manufactured goods and luxury items as well. Russell estimated the urban population in Late Antiquity, as follows. Demography of the Roman Empire Demographically, the Roman Empire was an", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 16 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6204661", "chunk_text": "Rome\ngrain imports, aqueduct capacity, city limits, population density, census reports, and assumptions about the number of unreported women, children and slaves providing a very wide range. Glenn Storey estimates 450,000 people, Whitney Oates estimates 1.2 million, Neville Morely provides a rough estimate of 800,000 and excludes earlier suggestions of 2 million. After the fall of the Western Roman Empire, the city's population declined to less than 50,000 people. It continued to stagnate or shrink until the Renaissance. When the Kingdom of Italy annexed Rome in 1870, the city had a population of about 200,000. This increased to 600,000 by the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 17 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5591705", "chunk_text": "\"Roman Empire\"\nThe Roman Empire finally collapsed when Mehmed the Conqueror conquered Constantinople on 29 May 1453. The Roman Empire was one of the largest in history, with contiguous territories throughout Europe, North Africa, and the Middle East. The Latin phrase \"\"imperium sine fine\"\" (\"\"empire without end\"\") expressed the ideology that neither time nor space limited the Empire. In Vergil's epic poem the \"\"Aeneid,\"\" limitless empire is said to be granted to the Romans by their supreme deity Jupiter. This claim of universal dominion was renewed and perpetuated when the Empire came under Christian rule in the 4th century. In addition to", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 18 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3807928", "chunk_text": "\"Demography of the Roman Empire\"\nno more than 8% in modern societies; in high-mortality societies such as Rome, it could be as much as one-sixth (17%) beneath total life expectancy. A HALE of less than 20 years would have left the empire with very depressed levels of economic productivity. To maintain replacement levels under such a mortality regime—much less to achieve sustained growth—fertility figures needed to be very high. With life expectancies of twenty to thirty, women would have to give birth to between 4.5 and 6.5 children to maintain replacement levels. Given elevated levels of divorce, widowhood, and sterility, however, the birth rate would", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 19 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18829601", "chunk_text": "\"Demography of the Roman Empire\"\nthe 1st century BCE, and are feature a large break between 70/69 BCE (910,000) and 28 BCE (4,063,000). The interpretation of the later figures—the Augustan censuses of 28 BCE, 8 BCE, and 14 CE—is therefore controversial. Alternate interpretations of the Augustan censuses (such as those of E. Lo Cascio) produce divergent population histories across the whole imperial period. The enfranchisement of the Cisalpine provinces and the Italian Allies after the Social War would account for some of the population growth of the 1st century BCE. Alternate readings of the Augustan census both accept the basic accuracy of the figures, but", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 20 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17123704", "chunk_text": "\"Demography of the Roman Empire\"\nhave needed to be higher than that baseline, at around 6 to 9 children per woman. Fertility could not long have either fallen below or outstripped replacement levels. A population which maintained an annual growth or decline of 0.7% would double or halve itself every century. Such rates are feasible locally or over a short period of time, and deaths could consistently outstrip births during epidemics, but, in the long term, convergence to maintenance levels was the rule. The surviving census returns from Roman Egypt speak to a population that had not yet undergone the \"\"fertility transition\"\"; artificial fertility controls", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 21 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6204660", "chunk_text": "Rome\nwas the second largest city in Italy, with Tarentum being the largest. It had an area of about and an estimated population of 35,000. Other sources suggest the population was just under 100,000 from 600–500 BC. When the Republic was founded in 509 BC the census recorded a population of 130,000. The republic included the city itself and the immediate surroundings. Other sources suggest a population of 150,000 in 500 BC. It surpassed 300,000 in 150 BC. The size of the city at the time of the Emperor Augustus is a matter of speculation, with estimates based on grain distribution,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 22 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19093751", "chunk_text": "\"Western world\"\nbefore the empire reached its zenith with the conquest of Dacia in AD 106, under Emperor Trajan. During its territorial peak, the Roman Empire controlled about of land surface and had a population of 100 million. From the time of Caesar (100 – 44 BC) to the Fall of the Western Roman Empire, Rome dominated Southern Europe, the Mediterranean coast of Northern Africa and the Western Middle East, including the ancient trade routes with population living outside. Ancient Rome has contributed greatly to the development of law, war, art, literature, architecture, technology and language in the \"\"Western world\"\", and its", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 23 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5591707", "chunk_text": "\"Roman Empire\"\nstrengthened. During the reign of Augustus, a \"\"global map of the known world\"\" was displayed for the first time in public at Rome, coinciding with the composition of the most comprehensive work on political geography that survives from antiquity, the \"\"Geography\"\" of the Pontic Greek writer Strabo. When Augustus died, the commemorative account of his achievements \"\"(Res Gestae)\"\" prominently featured the geographical cataloguing of peoples and places within the Empire. Geography, the census, and the meticulous keeping of written records were central concerns of Roman Imperial administration. The Empire reached its largest expanse under Trajan (reigned 98–117), encompassing an area", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 24 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3807919", "chunk_text": "\"Demography of the Roman Empire\"\nannual growth from 1 CE to 1800 CE. After population decline following the disintegration of the western half of the Roman state in the fifth and sixth centuries, Europe probably re-attained Roman-era population totals in the twelfth and thirteenth centuries and, following another decline associated with the Black Death, consistently exceeded them after the mid-15th century. There are no reliable surviving records for the general demography of the Roman Empire. There are no detailed local records, such as underlie the demographic study of early modern Europe, either. Large numbers of impressionistic, moralizing, and anecdotal observations on demography survive from the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 25 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16070619", "chunk_text": "\"World population\"\nemerged in around 10,000 BC have ranged between 1 million and 15 million. Even earlier, genetic evidence suggests humans may have gone through a population bottleneck of between 1,000 and 10,000 people about 70,000 BC, according to the Toba catastrophe theory. By contrast, it is estimated that around 50–60 million people lived in the combined eastern and western Roman Empire in the 4th century AD. The Plague of Justinian, which first emerged during the reign of the Roman emperor Justinian, caused Europe's population to drop by around 50% between the 6th and 8th centuries AD. The population of Europe was", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 26 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15792271", "chunk_text": "Italy\namong the most powerful economic, cultural, political and military forces in the world of its time, and it was one of the largest empires in world history. At its height under Trajan, it covered 5 million square kilometres. The Roman legacy has deeply influenced the Western civilisation, shaping most of the modern world; among the many legacies of Roman dominance are the widespread use of the Romance languages derived from Latin, the numerical system, the modern Western alphabet and calendar, and the emergence of Christianity as a major world religion. The Indo-Roman trade relations, beginning around the 1st century BCE,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 27 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2995069", "chunk_text": "\"Demography of the Roman Empire\"\nKeppie (1983). In his account of the achievements of his long reign (\"\"Res Gestae\"\"), Augustus stated that he had settled 120,000 soldiers in twenty colonies in Italy in 31 BCE, then 100,000 men in colonies in Spain and southern Gaul in 14 BCE, followed by another 96,000 in 2 BCE. Brian Campbell also states \"\"From 49 to 32 BCE about 420,000 Italians were recruited\"\" – which would thus be the Veteran (citizen) stock that was largely sent to the provinces (colonies) during Augustus; The Lex Calpurnia however also allowed citizenship to be granted for distinguished bravery – as example the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 28 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5591761", "chunk_text": "\"Roman Empire\"\nits duties was the protection of the crucial maritime trade routes against the threat of pirates. It patrolled the whole of the Mediterranean, parts of the North Atlantic coasts, and the Black Sea. Nevertheless, the army was considered the senior and more prestigious branch. An annexed territory became a province in a three-step process: making a register of cities, taking a census of the population, and surveying the land. Further government recordkeeping included births and deaths, real estate transactions, taxes, and juridical proceedings. In the 1st and 2nd centuries, the central government sent out around 160 officials each year to", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 29 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17123711", "chunk_text": "\"Demography of the Roman Empire\"\nBeloch's figures for Spain and Africa have also been revised downwards. This estimate produces a population density of 13.6 inhabitants per square kilometer, a very low figure by modern standards (the United Kingdom, for example, has a population density of 254.7/km). The population density in the Greek East was 20.9/km, twice as dense as the Latin West at 10.6/km; only the Western provinces of Italy and Sicily had a density comparable to the East. Slaves constituted about 15 percent of the Empire's total population; the proportionate figure would be much higher in Italy and much lower in Africa and Egypt.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 30 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18829579", "chunk_text": "\"Demography of the Roman Empire\"\nliterary sources. They are of little use in the study of Roman demography, which tends to rely instead on conjecture and comparison, rather than records and observations. When the high infant mortality rate is factored in (life expectancy at birth) inhabitants of the Roman Empire had a life expectancy at birth of about 25 years. However, when infant mortality is factored out, life expectancy is doubled to the late-50s. If a Roman survived infancy to their mid-teens, they could, on average, expect near six decades of life, although of course many lived much longer or shorter lives for varied reasons.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 31 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5591686", "chunk_text": "\"Roman Empire\"\nPeace\"\"). It reached its greatest territorial expanse during the reign of Trajan (98–117 AD). A period of increasing trouble and decline began with the reign of Commodus. In the 3rd century, the Empire underwent a crisis that threatened its existence, but was reunified and stabilized under the emperors Aurelian and Diocletian. Christians rose to power in the 4th century, during which time a system of dual rule was developed in the Greek East and Latin West. Simultaneously, the Migration Period involving large invasions by Germanic peoples and the Huns of Attila led to the decline of the Western Roman Empire.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 32 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "479657", "chunk_text": "\"Fall of the Western Roman Empire\"\nthe process has been described as a complex cultural transformation, rather than a fall. The Roman Empire reached its greatest geographical extent under Trajan (r. 98–117), who ruled a prosperous state that stretched from Armenia to the Atlantic. The Empire had large numbers of trained, supplied, and disciplined soldiers, as well as a comprehensive civil administration based in thriving cities with effective control over public finances. Among its literate elite it had ideological legitimacy as the only worthwhile form of civilization and a cultural unity based on comprehensive familiarity with Greek and Roman literature and rhetoric. The Empire's power allowed", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 33 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7870142", "chunk_text": "Megacity\ngrown from 300,000 in 1950 to an estimated 21 million today. For almost five hundred years, Rome was the largest, wealthiest, and most politically important city in Europe. Its population passed one million people by the end of the 1st century BC. Rome's population started declining in 402 AD when Flavius Honorius, Western Roman Emperor from 395 to 423, moved the government to Ravenna and Rome's population declined to a mere 20,000 during the Early Middle Ages, reducing the sprawling city to groups of inhabited buildings interspersed among large areas of ruins and vegetation. Baghdad was likely the largest city", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 34 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4709374", "chunk_text": "\"History of Rome\"\nplace in the sea. Octavian was victorious, and became the sole ruler of Rome (and its empire). That date marks the end of the Republic and the beginning of the Principate. By the end of the Republic, the city of Rome had achieved a grandeur befitting the capital of an empire dominating the whole of the Mediterranean. It was, at the time, the largest city in the world. Estimates of its peak population range from 450,000 to over 3.5 million people with estimates of 1 to 2 million being most popular with historians. This grandeur increased under Augustus, who completed", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 35 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3164607", "chunk_text": "\"History of Rome\"\nMarcus Aurelius, the Antonine Plague killed 2,000 people a day. Marcus Aurelius died in 180, his reign being the last of the \"\"Five Good Emperors\"\" and Pax Romana. His son Commodus, who had been co-emperor since AD 177, assumed full imperial power, which is most generally associated with the gradual decline of the Western Roman Empire. Rome's population was only a fraction of its peak when the Aurelian Wall was completed in the year 273 (in that year its population was only around 500,000). Starting in the early 3rd century, matters changed. The \"\"Crisis of the third century\"\" defines the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 36 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1607530", "chunk_text": "Empire\nby the Gupta and Mughal Empires. In the reign of Asoka Buddhism spread to become the dominant religion in ancient India. It has been estimated that the Maurya dynasty controlled an unprecedented one-third of the world's entire economy, was home to one-third of the world's population at the time (an estimated 50 million out of 150 million humans), contained the world's largest city of the time (Pataliputra, estimated to be larger than Rome under Emperor Trajan) and according to Megasthenes, the empire wielded a military of 600,000 infantry, 30,000 cavalry, and 9,000 war elephants. In China of the Axial Age,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 37 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3479924", "chunk_text": "\"Roman Empire\"\nRoman Empire The Roman Empire (, ; Koine and Medieval Greek: Βασιλεία τῶν Ῥωμαίων, tr. ; ) was the post-Roman Republic period of the ancient Roman civilization. It had a government headed by emperors and large territorial holdings around the Mediterranean Sea in Europe, Africa and Asia. The city of Rome served as its capital until the seat of the imperial government was shifted to Constantinople by Constantine the Great in the 4th century AD. The previous Republic, which had replaced Rome's monarchy in the 6th century BC, became severely destabilized in a series of civil wars and political conflict.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 38 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3481603", "chunk_text": "\"Roman Empire\"\ncity, and in literature represents a lifestyle that balances the civilized pursuit of intellectual and artistic interests \"\"(otium)\"\" with an appreciation of nature and the agricultural cycle. Ideally a villa commanded a view or vista, carefully framed by the architectural design. It might be located on a working estate, or in a \"\"resort town\"\" situated on the seacoast, such as Pompeii and Herculaneum. The programme of urban renewal under Augustus, and the growth of Rome's population to as many as 1 million people, was accompanied by a nostalgia for rural life expressed in the arts. Poetry praised the idealized lives", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 39 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17158695", "chunk_text": "\"Size of the Roman army\"\nSize of the Roman army By the size of the Roman army is meant the changes (increases and reductions) in the number of its contingents: legions, auxiliaries, Praetorian cohorts, Urban cohorts, vigiles, and naval forces over the course of twelve centuries - from 753 BC to AD 476 (the Fall of the Western Roman Empire). After the founding of Rome, legend has it that the first king, Romulus established the original Roman legion with 3,000 soldiers and 300 cavalry, which might have been doubled when the city of Rome was expanded by union with the Sabines, coming to a total", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 40 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6574561", "chunk_text": "\"Culture of ancient Rome\"\nthe Italic nature of Rome's accretive culture supreme. Against this human background, both the urban and rural setting, one of history's most influential civilizations took shape, leaving behind a cultural legacy that survives in part today. The Roman Empire, at its height (c. 117 CE), was the most extensive political and social structure in western civilization. By 285 CE the empire had grown too vast to be ruled from the central government at Rome and so was divided by Emperor Diocletian into a Western and an Eastern Empire. The Roman Empire began when Augustus Caesar became the first emperor of", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 41 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3479978", "chunk_text": "\"Roman Empire\"\nwhile exceptional, are indicative of the upward social mobility possible in the Empire. The Latin word \"\"ordo\"\" (plural \"\"ordines\"\") refers to a social distinction that is translated variously into English as \"\"class, order, rank,\"\" none of which is exact. One purpose of the Roman census was to determine the \"\"ordo\"\" to which an individual belonged. The two highest \"\"ordines\"\" in Rome were the senatorial and equestrian. Outside Rome, the decurions, also known as \"\"curiales\"\" (Greek \"\"bouleutai\"\"), were the top governing \"\"ordo\"\" of an individual city. \"\"Senator\"\" was not itself an elected office in ancient Rome; an individual gained admission to", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 42 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18113903", "chunk_text": "\"Demography of the Roman Empire\"\nAlthough this figure relies more on conjecture than ancient evidence, which is sparse and of dubious quality, it is a point of general consensus among historians of the period. It originates in cross-country comparison: given the known social and economic conditions of the Roman Empire, we should expect a life expectancy near the lower bound of known pre-modern populations. Roman demography bears comparison to available data for India and rural China in the early 20th century, where life expectancies at birth were also in the low 20s. About 300 census returns filed in Egypt in the first three centuries CE", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 43 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14961833", "chunk_text": "\"Energy returned on energy invested\"\nEmpire was one of the reasons for the collapse of the Western Empire in the fifth century CE. In \"\"The Upside of Down\"\" he suggests that EROEI analysis provides a basis for the analysis of the rise and fall of civilisations. Looking at the maximum extent of the Roman Empire, (60 million) and its technological base the agrarian base of Rome was about 1:12 per hectare for wheat and 1:27 for alfalfa (giving a 1:2.7 production for oxen). One can then use this to calculate the population of the Roman Empire required at its height, on the basis of about", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 44 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2252339", "chunk_text": "\"Demography of the Roman Empire\"\npopulation growth can therefore be ascribed to the gradual expansion of local populations under conditions of improving fertility, rather than inter-regional transfer. That said, local migration from village to village may have been substantial; for the successful dedication and expansion of new settlements, it would have been necessary. The geography of the Mediterranean made this fairly convenient; at the beginning of the empire, about 750,000 Italians lived in the provinces. Julius Caesar, Mark Anthony and Octavian–Augustus settled many of their veterans in colonies, in Italy, and the provinces. Those established in Italy up to 14 BCE have been studied by", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 45 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14014688", "chunk_text": "\"Early Roman army\"\ngroup of separate hilltop settlements) before around 625 BC. The same evidence, however, has also conclusively discredited A. Alfoldi's once-fashionable theory that Rome was an insignificant settlement until c. 500 BC (and that, consequently, the Republic was not established before c. 450 BC). There is now no doubt that Rome was a major city in the period 625-500 BC, when it had an area of c. 285 hectares and an estimated population of 35,000. This made it the second-largest in Italy (after Tarentum) and about half the size of contemporary Athens (585 hectares, inc. Piraeus). Few scholars today dispute that", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 46 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5591758", "chunk_text": "\"Roman Empire\"\ncenturies, with a century further made up of ten squads \"\"(contubernia)\"\"; the exact size of the Imperial legion, which is most likely to have been determined by logistics, has been estimated to range from 4,800 to 5,280. In AD 9, Germanic tribes wiped out three full legions in the Battle of the Teutoburg Forest. This disastrous event reduced the number of the legions to 25. The total of the legions would later be increased again and for the next 300 years always be a little above or below 30. The army had about 300,000 soldiers in the 1st century, and", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 47 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2726599", "chunk_text": "\"1st millennium\"\n1st millennium The first millennium was a period of time spanning the years AD 1 to AD 1000 (1st to 10th centuries; in astronomy: JD – ). World population rose more slowly than during the preceding millennium, from about 200 million in AD 1 to about 300 million in AD 1000. In Western Eurasia (Europe and Near East), the first millennium was a time of great transition from Classical Antiquity to the Middle Ages. The 1st century saw the peak of the Roman Empire, followed by its gradual decline during the period of Late Antiquity, the rise of Christianity and", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 48 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5591732", "chunk_text": "\"Roman Empire\"\n(especially the foreigners) had higher mortality rates and lower birth rates than natives, and were sometimes even subjected to mass expulsions. The average recorded age at death for the slaves of the city of Rome was extraordinarily low: seventeen and a half years (17.2 for males; 17.9 for females). During the period of Republican expansionism when slavery had become pervasive, war captives were a main source of slaves. The range of ethnicities among slaves to some extent reflected that of the armies Rome defeated in war, and the conquest of Greece brought a number of highly skilled and educated slaves", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 49 } ]
test_3524	what does sip stand for in the ngn / ims context?	n/a	[ "Session Initiation Protocol" ]	[]	n/a	n/a	n/a	[]	[ { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9372985", "chunk_text": "\"SIP extensions for the IP Multimedia Subsystem\"\nSIP extensions for the IP Multimedia Subsystem The Session Initiation Protocol (SIP) is the signaling protocol selected by the 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) to create and control multimedia sessions with two or more participants in the IP Multimedia Subsystem (IMS), and therefore is a key element in the IMS framework. SIP was developed by the Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF) as a standard for controlling multimedia communication sessions in Internet Protocol (IP) networks, working in the application layer of the Internet Protocol Suite. Several SIP extensions have been added to the basic protocol specification in order to extend its", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 0 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "218627", "chunk_text": "\"Session Initiation Protocol\"\npermanent element of the IP Multimedia Subsystem (IMS) architecture for IP-based streaming multimedia services in cellular networks. In June 2002 the specification was revised in and various extensions and clarifications have been published since. SIP was designed to provide a signaling and call setup protocol for IP-based communications supporting the call processing functions and features present in the public switched telephone network (PSTN) with a vision of supporting new multimedia applications. It has been extended for video conferencing, streaming media distribution, instant messaging, presence information, file transfer, Internet fax and online games. SIP is distinguished by its proponents for having", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 1 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9373025", "chunk_text": "\"SIP extensions for the IP Multimedia Subsystem\"\n(PSTN). There are several standards that address this requirements, such as the following two for services interworking between the PSTN and the Internet (i.e. the IMS network): And also for PSTN-SIP gateways to support calls with one end in each network: Moreover, the SIP INFO method extension is designed to carry user information between terminals without affecting the signaling dialog and can be used to transport the dual-tone multi-frequency signaling to provide telephone keypad function for users. SIP extensions for the IP Multimedia Subsystem The Session Initiation Protocol (SIP) is the signaling protocol selected by the 3rd Generation Partnership Project", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 2 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20274171", "chunk_text": "\"Next Generation 9-1-1\"\nIP Network (ESInet) to deliver voice, video, text and data \"\"calls\"\" to the PSAP. The protocol used for delivering these \"\"calls\"\" will be the Session Initiation Protocol (SIP), or IP Multimedia Subsystem (IMS, which incorporates SIP). The functional and interface standards developed by NENA describe general SIP and IMS-based architectures that allow responsible 9-1-1 Authorities flexibility in developing an infrastructure to support the envisioned features of NG9-1-1. The 911 Improvement Act of 2008 requires IP-enabled voice service providers to provide 9-1-1 service, allows state and tribal fees to pay for such services, and directs the Federal Communications Commission to gather", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 3 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8232262", "chunk_text": "\"Total conversation\"\nThe currently most common implementation environment is native SIP as described above. Total conversation can also be implemented in other call control environments. One such environment is IP Multimedia Subsystem (IMS) in its IMS multimedia telephony service. Firstly, total conversation can be defined as a pragmatic selection of existing standards related to Session Initiation Protocol with the selection of audio, video and text codecs. It is a private initiative of services provider and technology vendors seeking interoperability in the broadtest sense. Secondly, this can apply to existing and deployed SIP platform rather than future or next generation networks. Thirdly, IMS", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 4 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4010217", "chunk_text": "\"IP Multimedia Subsystem\"\nbeyond GSM. Its original formulation (3GPP Rel-5) represented an approach for delivering Internet services over GPRS. This vision was later updated by 3GPP, 3GPP2 and ETSI TISPAN by requiring support of networks other than GPRS, such as Wireless LAN, CDMA2000 and fixed lines. IMS uses IETF protocols wherever possible, e.g., the Session Initiation Protocol (SIP). According to the 3GPP, IMS is not intended to standardize applications, but rather to aid the access of multimedia and voice applications from wireless and wireline terminals, i.e., to create a form of fixed-mobile convergence (FMC). This is done by having a horizontal control layer", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 5 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14653537", "chunk_text": "\"IP Multimedia Subsystem\"\nIP Multimedia Subsystem The IP Multimedia Subsystem or IP Multimedia Core Network Subsystem (IMS) is an architectural framework for delivering IP multimedia services. Historically, mobile phones have provided voice call services over a circuit-switched-style network, rather than strictly over an IP packet-switched network. Alternative methods of delivering voice (VoIP) or other multimedia services have become available on smartphones, but they have not become standardized across the industry. IMS is an architectural framework to provide such standardization. IMS was originally designed by the wireless standards body 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP), as a part of the vision for evolving mobile networks", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 6 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20410635", "chunk_text": "Sipnms\nSipnms sipnms is a web-based network management tool which uses SIP (Session Initiation Protocol) to monitor remote nodes. It employs synthetic monitoring to emulate client transactions and these transactions can be implemented using Message scripts as per the nodes requirement. This method is useful to monitor VOIP systems performance in the perspective of the customers. Most important part of this concept is that SIP messages can be passed beyond the node directly connected to the internet. These messages can be converted to by the node behind to required protocols (H.323, SS7, Etc.), so that they traverse to destination nodes. Nodes", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 7 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15868245", "chunk_text": "\"Text over IP\"\nsecond) results in a two kilobit per second traffic load (including overheads for RFC4103 with the maximum level of redundancy, RTP, UDP and IP). Control of ToIP sessions has been defined using the standard Session Initiation Protocol (SIP) (RFC 3261) and the Session Description Protocol (SDP) (RFC 4566) protocols. See IETF RFC 5194 \"\"Framework for real-time text over IP using the Session Initiation Protocol (SIP)\"\" and IETF RFC 4504 \"\"SIP Telephony Device Requirements and Configuration\"\" Section 2.9 for more information. Next Generation Networking (NGNs) is a concept developed by telecommunication service providers and their suppliers. It aims to create a", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 8 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9373006", "chunk_text": "\"SIP extensions for the IP Multimedia Subsystem\"\nresource reservation on its side. Subsequent UPDATE requests are sent to inform about the reservation progress, and they are answered by 2XX response codes. In a typical offer/answer exchange, one UPDATE will be sent by the calling party when its reservation is completed, then the called party will respond and eventually finish allocating the resources. It is then, when all the resources for the call are in place, when the caller is alerted. In the IMS framework it is fundamental to handle user identities for authentication, authorization and accounting purposes. The IMS is meant to provide multimedia services over IP", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 9 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11617485", "chunk_text": "\"Session Initiation Protocol\"\nSession Initiation Protocol The Session Initiation Protocol (SIP) is a signaling protocol used for initiating, maintaining, and terminating real-time sessions that include voice, video and messaging applications. SIP is used for signaling and controlling multimedia communication sessions in applications of Internet telephony for voice and video calls, in private IP telephone systems, in instant messaging over Internet Protocol (IP) networks as well as mobile phone calling over LTE (VoLTE). The protocol defines the specific format of messages exchanged and the sequence of communications for cooperation of the participants. SIP is a text-based protocol, incorporating many elements of the Hypertext Transfer", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 10 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9372986", "chunk_text": "\"SIP extensions for the IP Multimedia Subsystem\"\nfunctionality. These extensions are based on Request for Comments (RFC) protocol recommendations by the IETF. The 3GPP, which is a collaboration between groups of telecommunications associations aimed at developing and maintaining the IMS, stated a series of requirements for SIP to be successfully used in the IMS. Some of them could be addressed by using existing capabilities and extensions in SIP while, in other cases, the 3GPP had to collaborate with the IETF to standardize new SIP extensions to meet the new requirements. In any case, the IETF evolves SIP in a generic basis, so that the use of its", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 11 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "911378", "chunk_text": "\"Next-generation network\"\nVoIP device, which converted (using gateways) voice and data from their analog or digital switched-circuit form (PSTN, SS7) to the packet-based one (IP). It controlled one or more gateways. As soon as this kind of device started using the Media Gateway Control Protocol, the name was changed to Media Gateway Controller (MGC). A Call Agent is a general name for devices/systems controlling calls. The IP Multimedia Subsystem (IMS) is a standardised NGN architecture for an Internet media-services capability defined by the European Telecommunications Standards Institute (ETSI) and the 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP). In the UK another popular acronym was", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 12 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12449858", "chunk_text": "\"UMTS security\"\ncalls, video conferences, streaming and chat. SIP is specified by the Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF)27. IMS also uses the IETF Session Description Protocol (SDP)28 to specify the session parameters and to negotiate the codecs to be used. SIP runs on top of different IP transport protocols such as the User Datagram Protocol (UDP) and the Transmission Control Protocol (TCP). A 3G IMS subscriber has one IP multimedia private identity (IMPI) and at least one IP multimedia public identity (IMPU). To participate in multimedia sessions, an IMS subscriber must register at least one IMPU with the IMS. The private identity", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 13 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20301357", "chunk_text": "\"Multimedia telephony\"\nMultimedia telephony The 3GPP/NGN IP Multimedia Subsystem (IMS) multimedia telephony service (MMTel) is a global standard based on the IMS, offering converged, fixed and mobile real-time multimedia communication using the media capabilities such as voice, real-time video, text, file transfer and sharing of pictures, audio and video clips. With MMTel, users have the capability to add and drop media during a session. You can start with chat, add voice (for instance Mobile VoIP), add another caller, add video, share media and transfer files, and drop any of these without losing or having to end the session. MMTel is one of", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 14 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9372987", "chunk_text": "\"SIP extensions for the IP Multimedia Subsystem\"\nextensions is not restricted to the IMS framework. The 3GPP has stated several general requirements stated for operation of the IMS. These include an efficient use of the radio interface by minimizing the exchange of signaling messages between the mobile terminal and the network, a minimum session setup time by performing tasks prior to session establishment instead of during session establishment, a minimum support required in the terminal, the support for roaming and non-roaming scenarios with terminal mobility management (supported by the access network, not SIP), and support for IPv6 addressing. Other requirements involve protocol extensions, such as SIP header", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 15 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9373002", "chunk_text": "\"SIP extensions for the IP Multimedia Subsystem\"\nto negotiate and allocate the call resources before the called party is alerted. In the IMS framework, it is required that once the callee is alerted, the chances of a session failure are minimum. An important source of failure is the inability to reserve network resources to support the session, so these resources should be allocated before the phone rings. However, in the IMS, to reserve resources the network needs to know the callee's IP address, port and session parameters and therefore it is necessary that the initial offer/answer exchange to establish a session has started (INVITE request). In basic", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 16 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1439680", "chunk_text": "\"IMS security\"\nIMS security IMS (IP Multimedia Subsystem) is a set of specifications to offer multimedia services through IP protocol. This makes it possible to incorporate all kinds of services, such as voice, multimedia and data, on an accessible platform through any Internet connection (fixed or mobile). Initially defined by 3G.IP (a set of companies belonging the telecommunications sector), it was 3GPP (3rd Generation Partnership Project) who definitively adopted the definition of IMS as a part of the standardization 3G system in networks UMTS (Universal Mobile Telecommunications System), specified in Release 5 and 6. It can be divided into three layers: Where", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 17 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13834560", "chunk_text": "\"International mobile subscriber identity\"\nFor more details please see Global Title Translation. The Home Network Identity (HNI) is the combination of the MCC and the MNC. This is the number which fully identifies a subscriber's home network. This combination is also known as the PLMN. International mobile subscriber identity The international mobile subscriber identity or IMSI is used to identify the user of a cellular network and is a unique identification associated with all cellular networks. It is stored as a field and is sent by the phone to the network. It is also used for acquiring other details of the mobile in the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 18 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4626253", "chunk_text": "\"UMTS security\"\nThe plaintext MAP message is encrypted and the result is put into a ‘container’ in another MAP message. At the same time a cryptographic checksum, i.e. a message authentication code covering the original message, is included in the new MAP message. To be able to use encryption and message authentication codes, keys are needed. MAPSEC has borrowed the notion of a security association (SA) from IPsec. The IP multimedia subsystem (IMS) is a core network subsystem within UMTS. It is based on the use of the Session Initiation Protocol (SIP)26 to initiate, terminate and modify multimedia sessions such as voice", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 19 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8656463", "chunk_text": "\"Telecommunications in India\"\na single core network with service layers separated from network layer. Next-generation networking is such a convergence concept which according to ITU-T is: Access network: The user can connect to the IP-core of NGN in various ways, most of which use the standard Internet Protocol (IP). User terminals such as mobile phones, personal digital assistants (PDAs) and computers can register directly on NGN-core, even when they are roaming in another network or country. The only requirement is that they can use IP and Session Initiation Protocol (SIP). Fixed access (e.g., Digital Subscriber Line (DSL), cable modems, Ethernet), mobile access (e.g.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 20 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13325489", "chunk_text": "\"Generic Access Network\"\nGeneric Access Network Generic Access Network (GAN) extends mobile voice, data and multimedia (IP Multimedia Subsystem/Session Initiation Protocol (IMS/SIP)) applications over IP networks. Unlicensed Mobile Access (UMA) is the commercial name used by mobile carriers for external IP access into their core networks. The latest generation system is named Wi-Fi Calling or VoWiFi by a number of handset manufacturers, including Apple and Samsung, a move that is being mirrored by carriers like T-Mobile US and Vodafone. Essentially, GAN allows cell phone packets to be forwarded to a network access point over the internet, rather than over-the-air using GSM/GPRS, UMTS or", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 21 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20301361", "chunk_text": "\"Multimedia telephony\"\nover a circuit-switched service and the video part is carried over a packet-switched service. In fixed-mobile convergence scenarios, the single-session approach enables all media parts of the multimedia communication solution to interoperate. Multimedia telephony The 3GPP/NGN IP Multimedia Subsystem (IMS) multimedia telephony service (MMTel) is a global standard based on the IMS, offering converged, fixed and mobile real-time multimedia communication using the media capabilities such as voice, real-time video, text, file transfer and sharing of pictures, audio and video clips. With MMTel, users have the capability to add and drop media during a session. You can start with chat, add", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 22 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13325507", "chunk_text": "\"Generic Access Network\"\nthe cooperation of the operator. Further, users may be charged at higher cell phone rates, even though they are paying for the DSL or other network that ultimately carries their traffic; in contrast, GAN/UMA providers charge reduced rates when making calls off the providers cellular phone network. Generic Access Network Generic Access Network (GAN) extends mobile voice, data and multimedia (IP Multimedia Subsystem/Session Initiation Protocol (IMS/SIP)) applications over IP networks. Unlicensed Mobile Access (UMA) is the commercial name used by mobile carriers for external IP access into their core networks. The latest generation system is named Wi-Fi Calling or VoWiFi", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 23 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9372992", "chunk_text": "\"SIP extensions for the IP Multimedia Subsystem\"\nuser agents (terminals) can describe themselves when they register so that others can search for them according to their caller preferences extension headers. For this purpose, they list their capabilities in the \"\"Contact\"\" header field of the REGISTER message. The aim of event notification is to obtain the status of a given resource (e.g. a user, one's voicemail service) and to receive updates of that status when it changes. Event notification is necessary in the IMS framework to inform about the \"\"presence\"\" of a user (i.e. \"\"online\"\" or \"\"offline\"\") to others that may be waiting to contact them, or to", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 24 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17774436", "chunk_text": "H.248\nSIP perspective, the combination of MGC and MGs are treated together as a SIP Gateway. The H.248/Megaco model describes a connection model that contains the logical entities, or objects, within the Media Gateways (MGs) that can be controlled by the Media Gateway Controller. The main entities are Contexts and Terminations. In IP Multimedia Subsystem (IMS), Media Gateway Control Function (MGCF) control Media Gateways (MGW)s to send and receive call to / from the PSTN circuit switched (CS) networks using. H.248. The MGCF uses SIP messages to interact with Call Session Control Function (CSCF) and Breakout Gateway Control Function (BGCF). Although", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 25 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9373010", "chunk_text": "\"SIP extensions for the IP Multimedia Subsystem\"\nthe proxy which public identity should be included in the P-Asserted-Identity header when the user is authenticated. Finally, when privacy is requested, proxies must withhold asserted identity information outside the trusted domain by removing P-Asserted-Identity headers before forwarding user requests to untrusted identities (outside the \"\"Trust Domain\"\"). There exist analogous extension headers for handling the identification of services of users, instead of the users themselves. In this case, Uniform Resource Names are used to identify a service (e.g. a voice call, an instant messaging session, an IPTV streaming) Access security in the IMS consists of first authenticating and authorizing the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 26 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20410636", "chunk_text": "Sipnms\non a telecommunication network uses different criteria such as number level and message types to route cal control messages. Using message scripts it is possible to send different messages (To / From different numbers or message types) destined to different nodes inside depending upon the response type and time for the response sipnms can generate performance and operations level of the systems under the monitor. Sipnms sipnms is a web-based network management tool which uses SIP (Session Initiation Protocol) to monitor remote nodes. It employs synthetic monitoring to emulate client transactions and these transactions can be implemented using Message scripts", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 27 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9373013", "chunk_text": "\"SIP extensions for the IP Multimedia Subsystem\"\nto the user agent. This extension is only applicable within administrative domains with trust relationships. It was particularly designed for specialized SIP networks like the IMS, and not for the general Internet. Source routing is the mechanism that allows the sender of a message to specify partially or completely the route the message traverses. In SIP, the \"\"route\"\" header field, filled by the sender, supports this functionality by listing a set of proxies the message will visit. In the IMS context, there are certain network entities (i.e. certain CSCFs) that must be traversed by requests from or to a user,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 28 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1439689", "chunk_text": "\"IMS security\"\nthe Home Network, even if the user is roaming. Support confidentiality of SIP messages between the UE and the P-CSCF through the use of IPsec is provided. According to 3GPP specifications, user authentication must be based on Digest AKA, somewhat analogous to the UMTS (Universal Mobile Telecommunications System) access authentication but for SIP. The 3GPP specification TS 33.203 exposed to signalling between the user agent and the P-CSCF should be based on IPsec ESP (Encapsulating Security Payload) in transport mode. However, the use of IPSec in this mode was not suitable for use in fixed networks. The problem lay in", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 29 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "115594", "chunk_text": "\"Next-generation network\"\nmore widely adopted. However, in voice networks where everything is under the control of the network operator or telco, many of the largest carriers use H.323 as the protocol of choice in their core backbones. With the most recent changes introduced for H.323, it is now possible for H.323 devices to easily and consistently traverse NAT and firewall devices, opening up the possibility that H.323 may again be looked upon more favorably in cases where such devices encumbered its use previously. Nonetheless, most of the telcos are extensively researching and supporting IP Multimedia Subsystem (IMS), which gives SIP a major", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 30 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11617507", "chunk_text": "\"Session Initiation Protocol\"\n(). One may also add a MIKEY () exchange to SIP to determine session keys for use with SRTP. Session Initiation Protocol The Session Initiation Protocol (SIP) is a signaling protocol used for initiating, maintaining, and terminating real-time sessions that include voice, video and messaging applications. SIP is used for signaling and controlling multimedia communication sessions in applications of Internet telephony for voice and video calls, in private IP telephone systems, in instant messaging over Internet Protocol (IP) networks as well as mobile phone calling over LTE (VoLTE). The protocol defines the specific format of messages exchanged and the sequence", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 31 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9373015", "chunk_text": "\"SIP extensions for the IP Multimedia Subsystem\"\nthe IMS every user agent is served by its P-CSCF, which is discovered by using the Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol or an equivalent mechanism when the user enters the IMS network, and all requests and responses from or to the user agent must traverse this proxy. When the user registers to the home registrar (S-CSCF), the P-CSCF adds its own SIP URI in a \"\"Path\"\" header field in the REGISTER message, so that the S-CSCF receives and stores this information associated with the contact information of the user. This way, the S-CSCF will forward every request addressed to that user", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 32 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "218647", "chunk_text": "\"Session Initiation Protocol\"\nSession Initiation Protocol with encapsulated ISUP, is a protocol used to create, modify, and terminate communication sessions based on ISUP using SIP and IP networks. Services using SIP-I include voice, video telephony, fax and data. SIP-I and SIP-T are two protocols with similar features, notably to allow ISUP messages to be transported over SIP networks. This preserves all of the detail available in the ISUP header, which is important as there are many country-specific variants of ISUP that have been implemented over the last 30 years, and it is not always possible to express all of the same detail using", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 33 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9021589", "chunk_text": "\"Integrated master plan\"\nbottom-up execution tool. It should be noted, however, the IMS is a scheduling tool for management control of program progression, not for cost collection purposes. An IMS would seek general consistency and a standardized approach to project planning, scheduling and analysis. It may use guides such as the PASEG Generally Accepted Schedule Principles (GASP) as guidance to improve execution and enable EVMS. The IMP/IMS are related to the product-based Work Breakdown Structure (WBS) as defined in MIL-STD-881, by giving a second type of view on the effort, for different audiences or to provide a combination which gives better overall understanding.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 34 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18353257", "chunk_text": "\"SIMPLE (instant messaging protocol)\"\nSIMPLE (instant messaging protocol) SIMPLE, the Session Initiation Protocol for Instant Messaging and Presence Leveraging Extensions, is an instant messaging (IM) and presence protocol suite based on Session Initiation Protocol (SIP) managed by the Internet Engineering Task Force. Contrary to the vast majority of IM and presence protocols used by software deployed today, SIMPLE is an open standard like XMPP. SIMPLE applies SIP to the problems of: Implementations of the SIMPLE based protocols can be found in SIP Softphones and also in SIP Hardphones. The SIMPLE presence specifications can be broken up into: SIP defines two modes of instant messaging:", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 35 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18353258", "chunk_text": "\"SIMPLE (instant messaging protocol)\"\nSIMPLE (instant messaging protocol) SIMPLE, the Session Initiation Protocol for Instant Messaging and Presence Leveraging Extensions, is an instant messaging (IM) and presence protocol suite based on Session Initiation Protocol (SIP) managed by the Internet Engineering Task Force. Contrary to the vast majority of IM and presence protocols used by software deployed today, SIMPLE is an open standard like XMPP. SIMPLE applies SIP to the problems of: Implementations of the SIMPLE based protocols can be found in SIP Softphones and also in SIP Hardphones. The SIMPLE presence specifications can be broken up into: SIP defines two modes of instant messaging:", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 36 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14653542", "chunk_text": "\"IP Multimedia Subsystem\"\nin a single network, for dimensioning, load balancing or organizational issues. The user can connect to IMS in various ways, most of which use the standard IP. IMS terminals (such as mobile phones, personal digital assistants (PDAs) and computers) can register directly on IMS, even when they are roaming in another network or country (the visited network). The only requirement is that they can use IP and run SIP user agents. Fixed access (e.g., Digital Subscriber Line (DSL), cable modems, Ethernet), mobile access (e.g. W-CDMA, CDMA2000, GSM, GPRS) and wireless access (e.g., WLAN, WiMAX) are all supported. Other phone systems", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 37 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9373024", "chunk_text": "\"SIP extensions for the IP Multimedia Subsystem\"\nconfigured to relay messages across both networks according to these recommendations, user agents will need to implement extensions so that they can directly exchange media streams. These extensions are related to the Session Description Protocol offer/answer initial exchange, that will be used to gather the IPv4 and IPv6 addresses of both ends so that they can establish a direct communication. Apart from all the explained extensions to SIP that make it possible for the IMS to work successfully, it is also necessary that the IMS framework interworks and exchanges services with existing network infrastructures, mainly the Public switched telephone network", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 38 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "218645", "chunk_text": "\"Session Initiation Protocol\"\ncorporate information system infrastructure by sharing Internet access for voice and data, and removing the cost for Basic Rate Interface (BRI) or Primary Rate Interface (PRI) telephone circuits. \"\"SIP trunking\"\" is a similar marketing term preferred for when the service is used to simplify a telecom infrastructure by sharing the carrier access circuit for voice, data, and Internet traffic while removing the need for Primary Rate Interface (PRI) circuits. SIP-enabled video surveillance cameras can initiate calls to alert the operator of events, such as motion of objects in a protected area. SIP is used in audio over IP for broadcasting", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 39 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5552138", "chunk_text": "\"Telecoms & Internet converged Services & Protocols for Advanced Networks\"\nnetworking. In 2011, TISPAN published the specification of a functional architecture for Content Delivery Networks (CDN) and is now working on the specification of the protocols applicable to the reference points identified in this architecture (See ETSI TS 182 019) The ETSI website on Next Generation Networking states: \"\"\"\"Standards for fixed NGN were developed by the now closed ETSI technical committee TISPAN. The TC has adopted the 3GPP™ core IMS specifications using Internet (SIP) protocols to allow features such as Presence, IPTV, Messaging, and Conferencing to be delivered irrespective of the network in use. Maintenance of NGN standards are now", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 40 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9373016", "chunk_text": "\"SIP extensions for the IP Multimedia Subsystem\"\nthrough the corresponding P-CSCF by listing its URI in the \"\"route\"\" header field. The extension for service route discovery during registration consists of a \"\"Service-Route\"\" header field that is used by the registrar in a 2XX response to a REGISTER request to inform the registering user of the entity that must forward every request originated by him or her. In the IMS, the registrar is the home network's S-CSCF and it is also required that all requests are handled by this entity, so it will include its own SIP URI in the \"\"service-route\"\" header field. The user will then include", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 41 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1586482", "chunk_text": "MSCML\nMSCML The Media Server Control Markup Language (MSCML) is a protocol used in conjunction with the Session Initiation Protocol (SIP) to enable the delivery of advanced multimedia conferencing services over IP networks. The MSCML specification has been published by the IETF under RFC 4722, now obsoleted by the newer RFC 5022. MSCML was pioneered by the media server company Snowshore, now part of the Dialogic Corporation. MSCML built on ideas from the Netann protocol, and in turn inspired the MSML. An IETF working group called MediaCTRL (media control) have now embarked on a standardization of media server scripting languages, drawing", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 42 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1586479", "chunk_text": "MSCML\nMSCML The Media Server Control Markup Language (MSCML) is a protocol used in conjunction with the Session Initiation Protocol (SIP) to enable the delivery of advanced multimedia conferencing services over IP networks. The MSCML specification has been published by the IETF under RFC 4722, now obsoleted by the newer RFC 5022. MSCML was pioneered by the media server company Snowshore, now part of the Dialogic Corporation. MSCML built on ideas from the Netann protocol, and in turn inspired the MSML. An IETF working group called MediaCTRL (media control) have now embarked on a standardization of media server scripting languages, drawing", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 43 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20249018", "chunk_text": "\"Service layer\"\nIP multimedia Subsystem Service Control Interface (ISC). The ISC interface uses the SIP signalling protocol. The network elements contained within the service layer are generically referred to as 'service platforms' however the 3GPP specification (3GPP TS 23.228 V8.7.0) defines several types of service platforms: The SIP Application Server (AS) performs the same function as a Telephony Application Server in a pre-IMS network, however it is specifically tailored to support the SIP signalling protocol for use in an IMS network. An OSA Service Capability Server acts as a secure gateway between the IMS network and an application which runs upon the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 44 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1439700", "chunk_text": "\"IMS security\"\nattacker can obtain the password authentication due to a crack or other methods. Basically, a UE does not have a SIM card used, as mentioned above, HTTP Digest. This method is based on a username and password, which usually is not high security level. HTTP Digest lists several attacks, such as brute force or a replay attack. To mitigate these attacks on the IMS network that must be met: IMS security IMS (IP Multimedia Subsystem) is a set of specifications to offer multimedia services through IP protocol. This makes it possible to incorporate all kinds of services, such as voice,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 45 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "807347", "chunk_text": "\"IP Multimedia Subsystem\"\nhas determined that the session cannot be routed using DNS or ENUM/DNS. It includes routing functionality based on telephone numbers. A PSTN/CS gateway interfaces with PSTN circuit switched (CS) networks. For signalling, CS networks use ISDN User Part (ISUP) (or BICC) over Message Transfer Part (MTP), while IMS uses SIP over IP. For media, CS networks use Pulse-code modulation (PCM), while IMS uses Real-time Transport Protocol (RTP). Media Resources are those components that operate on the media plane and are under the control of IMS core functions. Specifically, \"\"Media Server\"\" (MS) and \"\"Media gateway\"\" (MGW) There are two types of", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 46 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1439697", "chunk_text": "\"IMS security\"\nthat do not have an ISIM card. Breaking confidentiality. Without the protection with SSL/TLS or IPSec, it will be easy for an attacker to capture the SIP signalling and RTP (Real-time Transport Protocol) traffic using tools like Wireshark. Another attack against confidentiality can be realized by using scan tools to gather sensitive and valuable information about IMS components, operating systems and network topology. Directed integrity of session. The attacker can insert malicious packets in a session and can even replace some of the traffic. For example, the attacker can send SIP Re-Invite to modify the parameters of the session. Attack", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 47 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6552867", "chunk_text": "\"Instant messaging\"\nmessaging: IETF's Session Initiation Protocol (SIP) and SIP for Instant Messaging and Presence Leveraging Extensions (SIMPLE), Application Exchange (APEX), Instant Messaging and Presence Protocol (IMPP), the open XML-based Extensible Messaging and Presence Protocol (XMPP), and Open Mobile Alliance's Instant Messaging and Presence Service developed specifically for mobile devices. Most attempts at producing a unified standard for the major IM providers (AOL, Yahoo! and Microsoft) have failed, and each continues to use its own proprietary protocol. However, while discussions at IETF were stalled, Reuters signed the first inter-service provider connectivity agreement in September 2003. This agreement enabled AIM, ICQ and MSN", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 48 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3139589", "chunk_text": "\"IP Multimedia Subsystem\"\nthe same functionality and are the same from the IMS terminal's perspective, the implementations on the Cx interface between the S-CSCF and the HSS are different. IP Multimedia Subsystem The IP Multimedia Subsystem or IP Multimedia Core Network Subsystem (IMS) is an architectural framework for delivering IP multimedia services. Historically, mobile phones have provided voice call services over a circuit-switched-style network, rather than strictly over an IP packet-switched network. Alternative methods of delivering voice (VoIP) or other multimedia services have become available on smartphones, but they have not become standardized across the industry. IMS is an architectural framework to provide", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 49 } ]
test_3525	when was penicillin first introduced to the public?	n/a	[ "After World War II", "1942" ]	[]	n/a	n/a	n/a	[]	[ { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3461077", "chunk_text": "Penicillin\ncompetitively inhibits the excretion of penicillin, increasing penicillin's concentration and prolonging its activity. Eventually, the advent of mass-production techniques and semi-synthetic penicillins resolved the supply issues, so this use of probenecid declined. Probenecid is still useful, however, for certain infections requiring particularly high concentrations of penicillins. After World War II, Australia was the first country to make the drug available for civilian use. In the U.S., penicillin was made available to the general public on March 15, 1945. The chemical structure of penicillin was first proposed by Edward Abraham in 1942 and was later confirmed in 1945 using X-ray crystallography", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 0 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10490026", "chunk_text": "Penicillin\nwas discovered in 1928 by Scottish scientist Alexander Fleming. People began using it to treat infections in 1942. There are several enhanced penicillin families which are effective against additional bacteria; these include the antistaphylococcal penicillins, aminopenicillins and the antipseudomonal penicillins. They are derived from \"\"Penicillium\"\" fungi. The term \"\"penicillin\"\" is often used generically to refer to benzylpenicillin (penicillin G, the original penicillin found in 1928), procaine benzylpenicillin (procaine penicillin), benzathine benzylpenicillin (benzathine penicillin), and phenoxymethylpenicillin (penicillin V). Procaine penicillin and benzathine penicillin have the same antibacterial activity as benzylpenicillin but act for a longer period of time. Phenoxymethylpenicillin is less", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 1 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2687225", "chunk_text": "\"History of penicillin\"\n(now Sandoz) developed the first acid-stable penicillin for oral administration, Penicillin V. American chemist John C. Sheehan of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) subsequently completed the first chemical synthesis of penicillin in 1957. The second-generation semi-synthetic β-lactam antibiotic methicillin, designed to counter first-generation-resistant penicillinases, was introduced in the United Kingdom in 1959. Methicillin-resistant forms of \"\"Staphylococcus aureus\"\" likely already existed at the time. History of penicillin The history of penicillin follows a number of observations and discoveries of apparent evidence of antibiotic activity in molds before the modern isolation of the chemical penicillin in 1928. There are anecdotes about", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 2 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3461070", "chunk_text": "Penicillin\nNovember 19, 1999. In 1930, Cecil George Paine, a pathologist at the Royal Infirmary in Sheffield, attempted to use penicillin to treat sycosis barbae, eruptions in beard follicles, but was unsuccessful. Moving on to ophthalmia neonatorum, a gonococcal infection in infants, he achieved the first recorded cure with penicillin, on November 25, 1930. He then cured four additional patients (one adult and three infants) of eye infections, and failed to cure a fifth. In 1939, Australian scientist Howard Florey (later Baron Florey) and a team of researchers (Ernst Boris Chain, Edward Abraham, Arthur Duncan Gardner, Norman Heatley, M. Jennings, J.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 3 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5334118", "chunk_text": "Benzylpenicillin\nof penicillin allergy. Use during pregnancy is generally safe. It is in the penicillin and β-lactam class of medications. Benzylpenicillin was discovered in 1929 by Alexander Fleming and came into commercial use in 1942. It is on the World Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines, the most effective and safe medicines needed in a health system. The wholesale cost in the developing world is about US$0.24–2.72 per day. In the United States a course of treatment costs $100–200. As an antibiotic, benzylpenicillin is noted to possess effectiveness mainly against Gram-positive organisms. Some Gram-negative organisms such as \"\"Neisseria gonorrhoeae\"\" and \"\"Leptospira", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 4 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3461072", "chunk_text": "Penicillin\nHoward Florey had devised a method of mass-producing the drug, but yields remained low. In 1941, Florey and Heatley travelled to the US in order to interest pharmaceutical companies in producing the drug and inform them about their process. Florey and Chain shared the 1945 Nobel Prize in Medicine with Fleming for their work. The challenge of mass-producing this drug was daunting. On March 14, 1942, the first patient was treated for streptococcal septicemia with US-made penicillin produced by Merck & Co. Half of the total supply produced at the time was used on that one patient. By June 1942,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 5 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1161910", "chunk_text": "\"History of penicillin\"\nHistory of penicillin The history of penicillin follows a number of observations and discoveries of apparent evidence of antibiotic activity in molds before the modern isolation of the chemical penicillin in 1928. There are anecdotes about ancient societies using molds to treat infections, and in the following centuries many people observed the inhibition of bacterial growth by various molds. However, it is unknown if the species involved were \"\"Penicillium\"\" species or if the antimicrobial substances produced were penicillin. The Scottish physician Alexander Fleming was the first to suggest that a \"\"Penicillium\"\" mold must secrete an antibacterial substance, and the first", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 6 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2687213", "chunk_text": "\"History of penicillin\"\nto concentrate the active substance involved, which he named penicillin, in 1928. Penicillin was the first modern antibiotic. During the next twelve years Fleming grew, distributed, and studied the original mold, which was determined to be a rare variant of \"\"Penicillium notatum\"\" (now \"\"Penicillium chrysogenum\"\"). Many later scientists were involved in the stabilization and mass production of penicillin and in the search for more productive strains of \"\"Penicillium\"\". Important contributors include Ernst Chain, Howard Florey, Norman Heatley, and Edward Abraham. Shortly after the discovery of penicillin, scientists found that some disease-causing pathogens display antibiotic resistance to penicillin. Research that aims", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 7 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2687222", "chunk_text": "\"History of penicillin\"\npatients (one adult, the others infants) of eye infections, although a fifth patient was not so lucky. At Oxford, Howard Walter Florey organized a large and very skilled biochemical research team, notable among them Ernst Boris Chain and Norman Heatley, to undertake clinical trials and produce a stable penicillin in quantity. In 1940, Chain and Edward Abraham reported the first indication of antibiotic resistance to penicillin, an \"\"E. coli\"\" strain that produced the penicillinase enzyme, which was capable of breaking down penicillin and completely negating its antibacterial effect. Between 1941 and 1943, Moyer, Coghill and Raper at the USDA Northern", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 8 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3461075", "chunk_text": "Penicillin\ncaused by infected wounds among Allied forces, saving an estimated 12%–15% of lives. Availability was severely limited, however, by the difficulty of manufacturing large quantities of penicillin and by the rapid renal clearance of the drug, necessitating frequent dosing. Methods for mass production of penicillin were patented by Andrew Jackson Moyer in 1945. Florey had not patented penicillin, having been advised by Sir Henry Dale that doing so would be unethical. Penicillin is actively excreted, and about 80% of a penicillin dose is cleared from the body within three to four hours of administration. Indeed, during the early penicillin era,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 9 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3461071", "chunk_text": "Penicillin\nOrr-Ewing and G. Sanders) at the Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, University of Oxford made progress in showing the \"\"in vivo\"\" bactericidal action of penicillin. In 1940, they showed that penicillin effectively cured bacterial infection in mice. In 1941, they treated a policeman, Albert Alexander, with a severe face infection; his condition improved, but then supplies of penicillin ran out and he died. Subsequently, several other patients were treated successfully. In December 1942, survivors of the Cocoanut Grove fire in Boston were the first burn patients to be successfully treated with penicillin. By late 1940, the Oxford team under", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 10 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10401151", "chunk_text": "Antibiotic\nEdward Abraham succeeded in purifying the first penicillin, penicillin G, in 1942, but it did not become widely available outside the Allied military before 1945. Later, Norman Heatley developed the back extraction technique for efficiently purifying penicillin in bulk. The chemical structure of penicillin was first proposed by Abraham in 1942 and then later confirmed by Dorothy Crowfoot Hodgkin in 1945. Purified penicillin displayed potent antibacterial activity against a wide range of bacteria and had low toxicity in humans. Furthermore, its activity was not inhibited by biological constituents such as pus, unlike the synthetic sulfonamides. (see below) The development of", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 11 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2687216", "chunk_text": "\"History of penicillin\"\nearnest in the 1870s, in the United Kingdom. Sir John Scott Burdon-Sanderson, who started out at St. Mary's Hospital (1852–1858) and later worked there as a lecturer (1854–1862), observed that culture fluid covered with mold would produce no bacterial growth. Burdon-Sanderson's discovery prompted Joseph Lister, an English surgeon and the father of modern antisepsis, to discover in 1871 that urine samples contaminated with mold also did not permit the growth of bacteria. Lister also described the antibacterial action on human tissue of a species of mold he called \"\"Penicillium glaucum\"\". A nurse at King's College Hospital whose wounds did not", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 12 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6269540", "chunk_text": "\"History of penicillin\"\nand subsequently concentrated what he later named \"\"penicillin\"\". During the next twelve years, Fleming grew and distributed the original mold, which was eventually identified as \"\"Penicillium notatum\"\" (now known as \"\"Penicillium chrysogenum\"\"). He was unsuccessful in making a stable form of it for mass production. Cecil George Paine, a pathologist at the Royal Infirmary in Sheffield, attempted to treat sycosis (eruptions in beard follicles) with penicillin but was unsuccessful, probably because the drug did not penetrate deep enough. Moving on to ophthalmia neonatorum, a gonococcal infection in babies, he achieved the first cure on 25 November 1930. He cured four", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 13 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6269542", "chunk_text": "\"History of penicillin\"\nRegional Research Laboratory (NRRL) in Peoria, Illinois, United States, developed methods for industrialized penicillin production and isolated higher-yielding strains of the \"\"Penicillium\"\" fungus. In December 1942, survivors of the Cocoanut Grove fire in Boston were the first burn patients to be successfully treated with penicillin. Simultaneous research by Jasper H. Kane and other Pfizer scientists in Brooklyn developed the practical, deep-tank fermentation method for production of large quantities of pharmaceutical-grade penicillin. Dorothy Hodgkin determined the correct chemical structure of penicillin using X-ray crystallography at Oxford in 1945. In Kundl, Tyrol, Austria, in 1952, Hans Margreiter and Ernst Brandl of Biochemie", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 14 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3461065", "chunk_text": "Penicillin\nby scientists and physicians on the antibacterial properties of the different types of moulds including the mould penicillium but they were unable to discern what process was causing the effect. The effects of penicillium mould would finally be isolated in 1928 by Scottish scientist Alexander Fleming, in work that seems to have been independent of those earlier observations. Fleming recounted that the date of his discovery of penicillin was on the morning of Friday 28 September 1928. The traditional version of this story describes the discovery as a serendipitous accident: in his laboratory in the basement of St Mary's Hospital", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 15 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3461079", "chunk_text": "Penicillin\nsynthesis was 6-aminopenicillanic acid (6-APA), the nucleus of penicillin. Attaching different groups to the 6-APA 'nucleus' of penicillin allowed the creation of new forms of penicillin. The narrow range of treatable diseases or \"\"spectrum of activity\"\" of the penicillins, along with the poor activity of the orally active phenoxymethylpenicillin, led to the search for derivatives of penicillin that could treat a wider range of infections. The isolation of 6-APA, the nucleus of penicillin, allowed for the preparation of semisynthetic penicillins, with various improvements over benzylpenicillin (bioavailability, spectrum, stability, tolerance). The first major development was ampicillin in 1961. It offered a", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 16 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1161915", "chunk_text": "\"History of penicillin\"\nrespond to any traditional antiseptic was then given another substance that cured her, and Lister's registrar informed her that it was called Penicillium. In 1874, the Welsh physician William Roberts, who later coined the term \"\"enzyme\"\", observed that bacterial contamination is generally absent in laboratory cultures of \"\"Penicillium glaucum\"\". John Tyndall followed up on Burdon-Sanderson's work and demonstrated to the Royal Society in 1875 the antibacterial action of the \"\"Penicillium\"\" fungus. By this time, \"\"Bacillus anthracis\"\" had been shown to cause anthrax, the first demonstration that a specific bacterium caused a specific disease. In 1877, French biologists Louis Pasteur and", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 17 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5763882", "chunk_text": "Methicillin\nMethicillin Methicillin, also known as meticillin, is a narrow-spectrum β-lactam antibiotic of the penicillin class. Meticillin was discovered in 1960. Compared to other penicillins that face antimicrobial resistance due to β-lactamase, it is less active, can be administered only parenterally, and has a higher frequency of interstitial nephritis, an otherwise-rare adverse effect of penicillins. However, selection of methicillin depended on the outcome of susceptibility testing of the sampled infection, and since it is no longer produced, it is also not routinely tested for any more. It also served a purpose in the laboratory to determine the antibiotic sensitivity of \"\"Staphylococcus", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 18 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2687220", "chunk_text": "\"History of penicillin\"\nin one of their \"\"Staphylococcus aureus\"\" cultures that was inhibiting the growth of the bacterium. They identified the fungus as a species of \"\"Penicillium\"\" and presented their observations as a paper, but it received little attention. An Institut Pasteur scientist, Costa Rican Clodomiro Picado Twight, similarly recorded the antibiotic effect of \"\"Penicillium\"\" in 1923. In 1928, Scottish biologist Alexander Fleming noticed a halo of inhibition of bacterial growth around a contaminant blue-green mold on a \"\"Staphylococcus\"\" plate culture. He concluded that the mold was releasing a substance that was inhibiting bacterial growth. He grew a pure culture of the mold", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 19 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6805914", "chunk_text": "\"Alvin Ingram\"\nin 1944, it housed 3,286 GI–patients. The U.S. Army designated Bushnell Hospital as the military’s first center for the study of penicillin’s possible use. On April 1, 1943, the first shipment of penicillin arrived at Bushnell, and during the War, it administered penicillin more than any other institution in the United States. In addition to administering some of the first doses of penicillin, Ingram promoted its use to the surrounding Brigham community. In speech by then-Captain Alvin Ingram to the Rotary Club of Brigham City, he explained how penicillin was discovered in 1928 by Alexander Fleming, and extolled recent successes", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 20 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "574685", "chunk_text": "\"Medical microbiology\"\ntechnique is widely used today. In 1929 Alexander Fleming developed the most commonly used antibiotic substance both at the time and now: penicillin. DNA sequencing, a method developed by Walter Gilbert and Frederick Sanger in 1977, caused a rapid change the development of vaccines, medical treatments and diagnostic methods. Some of these include synthetic insulin which was produced in 1979 using recombinant DNA and the first genetically engineered vaccine was created in 1986 for hepatitis B. In 1995 a team at The Institute for Genomic Research sequenced the first bacterial genome; \"\"Haemophilus influenzae\"\". A few months later, the first eukaryotic", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 21 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10490025", "chunk_text": "Penicillin\nPenicillin Penicillin (PCN or pen) is a group of antibiotics which include penicillin G (intravenous use), penicillin V (use by mouth), procaine penicillin, and benzathine penicillin (intramuscular use). Penicillin antibiotics were among the first medications to be effective against many bacterial infections caused by staphylococci and streptococci. They are still widely used today, though many types of bacteria have developed resistance following extensive use. About 10% of people report that they are allergic to penicillin; however, up to 90% of this group may not actually be allergic. Serious allergies only occur in about 0.03%. All penicillins are β-lactam antibiotics. Penicillin", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 22 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3461078", "chunk_text": "Penicillin\nby Dorothy Crowfoot Hodgkin, who was also working at Oxford. She later received the Nobel prize for this and other structure determinations. Chemist John C. Sheehan at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) completed the first chemical synthesis of penicillin in 1957. Sheehan had started his studies into penicillin synthesis in 1948, and during these investigations developed new methods for the synthesis of peptides, as well as new protecting groups—groups that mask the reactivity of certain functional groups. Although the initial synthesis developed by Sheehan was not appropriate for mass production of penicillins, one of the intermediate compounds in Sheehan's", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 23 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2934349", "chunk_text": "\"Fine chemical\"\nbarbituric acid has been substituted completely by a microbial one-step process, allowing a 95% waste reduction and an approximately 50% manufacturing cost reduction. In ascorbic acid, the five-step process (yield ≈ 85%) starting from D-glucose, originally invented by Tadeus Reichstein in 1933, is being gradually substituted by a more straightforward fermentative process with 2-ketogluconic acid as pivotal intermediate. After the discovery of penicillin in 1928 by Sir Alexander Fleming from colonies of the bacterium Staphylococcus aureus, it took more than a decade before a powdery form of the medicine was developed. Since then, many more antibiotics and other secondary metabolites", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 24 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19529182", "chunk_text": "\"History of syphilis\"\nHistory of syphilis The first recorded outbreak of syphilis in Europe occurred in 1494/1495 in Naples, Italy, during a French invasion. Because it was spread by returning French troops, the disease was known as \"\"French disease\"\", and it was not until 1530 that the term \"\"syphilis\"\" was first applied by the Italian physician and poet Girolamo Fracastoro. The causative organism, \"\"Treponema pallidum\"\", was first identified by Fritz Schaudinn and Erich Hoffmann in 1905. The first effective treatment, Salvarsan, was developed in 1910 by Sahachirō Hata in the laboratory of Paul Ehrlich. It was followed by the introduction of penicillin in", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 25 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13250380", "chunk_text": "\"Gladys Lounsbury Hobby\"\n1940 and 1941, before presenting at the American Society for Clinical Investigation. They discovered that penicillin was a powerful germ-killer that reduced the severity of infectious diseases and made procedures such as organ transplantation and open-heart surgery possible. Their findings received media coverage, which helped attract funding from the United States Government to mass-produce penicillin during World War II, saving the lives of many soldiers. At Pfizer, Hobby did extensive early work on Terramycin and Viomycin, used for the treatment of tuberculosis. Gladys Lounsbury Hobby Gladys Lounsbury Hobby (November 19, 1910 – July 4, 1993), born in New York City,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 26 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2525291", "chunk_text": "Biotechnology\n– to form what we today know as penicillin. In 1940, penicillin became available for medicinal use to treat bacterial infections in humans. The field of modern biotechnology is generally thought of as having been born in 1971 when Paul Berg's (Stanford) experiments in gene splicing had early success. Herbert W. Boyer (Univ. Calif. at San Francisco) and Stanley N. Cohen (Stanford) significantly advanced the new technology in 1972 by transferring genetic material into a bacterium, such that the imported material would be reproduced. The commercial viability of a biotechnology industry was significantly expanded on June 16, 1980, when the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 27 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16737500", "chunk_text": "\"Pharmaceutical industry\"\nsuch as streptococci. In 1939, Domagk received the Nobel Prize in Medicine for this discovery. Nonetheless, the dramatic decrease in deaths from infectious diseases that occurred prior to World War II was primarily the result of improved public health measures such as clean water and less crowded housing, and the impact of anti-infective drugs and vaccines was significant mainly after World War II. In 1928, Alexander Fleming discovered the antibacterial effects of penicillin, but its exploitation for the treatment of human disease awaited the development of methods for its large scale production and purification. These were developed by a U.S.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 28 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7125172", "chunk_text": "\"Robert Brattain\"\nand rapid transmission of the technology within a network of war-time companies, but the secrecy restrictions limited the extent to which the Brattain-Beckman work became publicly known. Companies such as Perkin-Elmer whose work was not as restricted, were able to publish about their work in infrared spectroscopy before Brattain and Beckman could do so. After the war, such instruments were adopted widely by chemists because they were simple to use, reliable, and reasonably priced. Penicillin, a powerful antibiotic, was discovered in 1928 by Scottish scientist Sir Alexander Fleming. During World War II, the drug was in demand to treat both", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 29 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12780268", "chunk_text": "Penicillium\nPenicillium also prevents bacteria from affecting the body. The genus includes a wide variety of species molds that are the source molds of major antibiotics. Penicillin, a drug produced by \"\"P. chrysogenum (formerly P. notatum),\"\" was accidentally discovered by Alexander Fleming in 1929, and found to inhibit the growth of Gram-positive bacteria (see beta-lactams). Its potential as an antibiotic was realized in the late 1930s, and Howard Florey and Ernst Chain purified and concentrated the compound. The drug's success in saving soldiers in World War II who had been dying from infected wounds resulted in Fleming, Florey and Chain jointly", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 30 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13728437", "chunk_text": "\"India's Most Reputed Brands\"\nwith a Brand Rep Score 19% below the category leader. Emirates Brand Rep Score was 27% lower than Etihad Back in the 1940s, commercial production of Penicillin, and consequently its availability were severely limited. Sir Alexander Flemming envisaged a time when Penicillin would be easily available to the masses, but worried about its proper usage that could endanger human lives. We have come a long way since the discovery and commercial production of Penicillin—the world's first miracle drug. In just seven decades, mass production of life-saving drugs has become a living reality and already contributed to saving millions of lives.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 31 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10401152", "chunk_text": "Antibiotic\npenicillin led to renewed interest in the search for antibiotic compounds with similar efficacy and safety. For their successful development of penicillin, which Fleming had accidentally discovered but could not develop himself, as a therapeutic drug, Chain and Florey shared the 1945 Nobel Prize in Medicine with Fleming. Florey credited Rene Dubos with pioneering the approach of deliberately and systematically searching for antibacterial compounds, which had led to the discovery of gramicidin and had revived Florey's research in penicillin. In 1939, coinciding with the start of World War II, Dubos had reported the discovery of the first naturally derived antibiotic,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 32 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3966346", "chunk_text": "Ampicillin\ndeveloped to increase bioavailability. Ampicillin has been used extensively to treat bacterial infections since 1961. Until the introduction of ampicillin by the British company Beecham, penicillin therapies had only been effective against Gram-positive organisms such as staphylococci and streptococci. Ampicillin (originally branded as \"\"Penbritin\"\") also demonstrated activity against Gram-negative organisms such as \"\"H. influenzae\"\", coliforms, and \"\"Proteus\"\" spp. , ampicillin's wholesale cost is between US$0.13 and 1.20 for a vial of the intravenous solution. In the United States, it is available as a generic medication: 10 days of treatment cost about $13. In veterinary medicine, ampicillin is used in cats,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 33 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5496600", "chunk_text": "\"Roaring Twenties\"\nAlexander Fleming discovered a substance that killed a number of disease-causing bacteria. In 1929, he named the new substance \"\"penicillin\"\". His publications were largely ignored at first, but it became a significant antibiotic in the 1930s. In 1930, Cecil George Paine, a pathologist at Sheffield Royal Infirmary, used penicillin to treat sycosis barbae, eruptions in beard follicles, but was unsuccessful. Moving on to ophthalmia neonatorum, a gonococcal infection in infants, he achieved the first recorded cure with penicillin, on November 25, 1930. He then cured four additional patients (one adult and three infants) of eye infections, but failed to cure", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 34 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2687214", "chunk_text": "\"History of penicillin\"\nto develop more effective strains and to study the causes and mechanisms of antibiotic resistance continues today. Many ancient cultures, including those in Egypt, Greece, and India, independently discovered the useful properties of fungi and plants in treating infection. These treatments often worked because many organisms, including many species of mold, naturally produce antibiotic substances. However, ancient practitioners could not precisely identify or isolate the active components in these organisms. In Sri Lanka in the second century BC, soldiers in the army of king Dutugemunu (161–137 BC) are recorded to have stored oil cakes (a traditional Sri Lankan sweetmeat) for", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 35 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10490037", "chunk_text": "Penicillin\nin London (now part of Imperial College), Fleming noticed a Petri dish containing Staphylococci that had been mistakenly left open was contaminated by blue-green mould from an open window, which formed a visible growth. There was a halo of inhibited bacterial growth around the mould. Fleming concluded that the mould released a substance that repressed the growth and caused lysing of the bacteria. Once Fleming made his discovery he grew a pure culture and discovered it was a \"\"Penicillium\"\" mould, now known as \"\"Penicillium chrysogenum\"\". Fleming coined the term \"\"penicillin\"\" to describe the filtrate of a broth culture of the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 36 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8978978", "chunk_text": "\"Tetracycline antibiotics\"\nultimately Oxytetracycline (terramycin) was isolated in 1949 by Alexander Finlay from a soil sample collected on the grounds of a factory in Terre Haute, Indiana. It came from a similar soil bacterium named Streptomyces rimosus. From the beginning, terramycin was a molecule enveloped in controversy. It was the subject of the first mass-marketing campaign by a modern pharmaceutical company. Pfizer advertised the drug heavily in medical journals, eventually spending twice as much on marketing as it did to discover and develop terramycin. Still, it turned Pfizer, then a small company, into a pharmaceutical giant. Pfizer and Robert Burns Woodward determined", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 37 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9091058", "chunk_text": "\"Edmund Kornfeld\"\nto the need for an alternative to penicillin in resistant bacterial infections, the initial preparations were considered safe enough for use in humans. The first human trial was in 1950. The drug was given to a patient that had developed a severe infection on his foot after surgery which was unresposnsive to multiple antibiotics. The surgical staff recommended amputation or the usage of the new antibiotic. His answer was ‘ Anything that might save my foot’. Due to the spread of the bacteria, a high dosage the antibiotic of 05865 was recommended, 100 mg every eight hours, over five days.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 38 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4133147", "chunk_text": "Methicillin\n(MRSA) continues to be used to describe \"\"S. aureus\"\" strains resistant to all penicillins. Methicillin is no longer manufactured because the more stable and similar penicillins such as oxacillin (used for clinical antimicrobial susceptibility testing), flucloxacillin, and dicloxacillin are used medically. Methicillin Methicillin, also known as meticillin, is a narrow-spectrum β-lactam antibiotic of the penicillin class. Meticillin was discovered in 1960. Compared to other penicillins that face antimicrobial resistance due to β-lactamase, it is less active, can be administered only parenterally, and has a higher frequency of interstitial nephritis, an otherwise-rare adverse effect of penicillins. However, selection of methicillin depended", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 39 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6710531", "chunk_text": "\"Tuskegee University\"\nhave become infamous for misleading study participants by telling them that they were being treated for syphilis when in fact researchers were only monitoring the progression of the disease. Syphilis is a debilitating disease that can leave its victims with permanent neurological damage and horrifying scars (see granulomatous gummas). Penicillin was discovered in 1927 and it was being used to treat human disease by the early 1940s. In 1947 it had become the gold standard in treating syphilis and often only required one intramuscular dose to completely eliminate the disease. The researchers were well aware of this information and in", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 40 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2360710", "chunk_text": "\"Alexander Fleming\"\nAlexander Fleming Sir Alexander Fleming (6 August 1881 – 11 March 1955) was a Scottish physician, microbiologist, and pharmacologist. His best-known discoveries are the enzyme lysozyme in 1923 and the world's first antibiotic substance benzylpenicillin (Penicillin G) from the mould \"\"Penicillium notatum\"\" in 1928, for which he shared the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 1945 with Howard Florey and Ernst Boris Chain. He wrote many articles on bacteriology, immunology, and chemotherapy. Fleming was knighted for his scientific achievements in 1944. In 1999, he was named in \"\"Time\"\" magazine's list of the . In 2002, he was chosen in", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 41 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2687215", "chunk_text": "\"History of penicillin\"\nlong periods in their hearth lofts before embarking on military campaigns in order to make a poultice of the cakes to treat wounds. In 17th-century Poland, wet bread was mixed with spider webs (which often contained fungal spores) to treat wounds. The technique was mentioned by Henryk Sienkiewicz in his 1884 book \"\"With Fire and Sword\"\". In England in 1640, the idea of using mold as a form of medical treatment was recorded by apothecaries such as John Parkinson, King's Herbarian, who advocated the use of mold in his book on pharmacology. The modern history of penicillin research begins in", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 42 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9599097", "chunk_text": "Ampicillin\nkidney problems, the dose may need to be decreased. Its use during pregnancy and breastfeeding appears to be generally safe. Ampicillin was discovered in 1958 and came into commercial use in 1961. It is on the World Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines, the most effective and safe medicines needed in a health system. Its wholesale cost in the developing world is between US$0.13 and 1.20 for a vial of the intravenous solution as of 2014. In the United States, it is available as a generic medication and 10 days of treatment cost about $13. Ampicillin used to also be", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 43 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "620103", "chunk_text": "\"La Follette-Bulwinkle Act\"\nCosmetic Act Penicillin Amendment on July 6, 1945. The United States public law required the U.S. Food and Drug Administration to certify and test penicillin samplings validating the effectiveness, potency, purification, and safety of the antibiotic drugs. The 1960s sexual revolution movement prompt the United States Congress to draft amendments for the Public Health Service Act authorizing control, prevention, and vaccination assistance for communicable diseases. The United States statutes were enacted into law by the 37th President of the United States Richard Nixon and the 38th President of the United States Gerald Ford. By 1914, American exploitation films were produced", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 44 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6853600", "chunk_text": "Medication\nthe growth or the metabolic activities of bacteria and other microorganisms by a chemical substance of microbial origin. Penicillin, introduced a few years later, provided a broader spectrum of activity compared to sulfa drugs and reduced side effects. Streptomycin, found in 1942, proved to be the first drug effective against the cause of tuberculosis and also came to be the best known of a long series of important antibiotics. A second generation of antibiotics was introduced in the 1940s: aureomycin and chloramphenicol. Aureomycin was the best known of the second generation. Lithium was discovered in the 19th century for nervous", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 45 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5346171", "chunk_text": "Aniline\nPasteur Institute to be a prodrug degraded \"\"in vivo\"\" into sulfanilamide – a colorless intermediate for many, highly colorfast azo dyes – already with an expired patent, synthesized in 1908 in Vienna by the researcher Paul Gelmo for his doctoral research. By the 1940s, over 500 related sulfa drugs were produced. Medications in high demand during World War II (1939–45), these first \"\"miracle drugs\"\", chemotherapy of wide effectiveness, propelled the American pharmaceutics industry. In 1939, at Oxford University, seeking an alternative to sulfa drugs, Howard Florey developed Fleming's penicillin into the first systemic antibiotic drug, penicillin G. (Gramicidin, developed by", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 46 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2243935", "chunk_text": "\"Bathhouse Row\"\nfor treating syphilis), enemas and massages. The first whirlpool bath was installed in 1937. Mercury treatments began to be replaced by the drug Salvarsan after its invention in 1908 and the clinic above the Government Free Bathhouse began furnishing Salvarsan treatments in 1920. These were finally rendered obsolete by the discovery of penicillin and its widespread manufacture after World War II allowed syphilis to be effectively and reliably cured. After World War II the bathing industry had large crowds of visitors. In 1946 people took 649,270 hot tub baths establishing a new record. Modern antibiotics developed during the war diminished", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 47 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10490038", "chunk_text": "Penicillin\n\"\"Penicillium\"\" mould. Fleming asked C. J. La Touche to help identify the mould, which he incorrectly identified as \"\"Penicillium rubrum\"\" (later corrected by Charles Thom). He expressed initial optimism that penicillin would be a useful disinfectant, because of its high potency and minimal toxicity in comparison to antiseptics of the day, and noted its laboratory value in the isolation of \"\"Bacillus influenzae\"\" (now called \"\"Haemophilus influenzae\"\"). Fleming was a famously poor communicator and orator, which meant his findings were not initially given much attention. He was unable to convince a chemist to help him extract and stabilize the antibacterial compound", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 48 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1144669", "chunk_text": "\"Dakin's solution\"\nwork that led to its formulation. The name of Carrel was dropped after World War II, presumably due to his active involvement in eugenics movements and the advocacy of elimination of \"\"inferior\"\" humans. Since penicillin became established as an antibiotic in 1943, use of Dakin's solution and other topical antiseptics for wound treatment has declined, and their use is frowned upon in modern medical care. However, the solution continues to be used (as of 2013), due to its broad activity against aerobic and anaerobic organisms, including fungi and antibiotic-resistant organisms, its very low cost, and its wide availability. In emergency", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 49 } ]
test_3526	what channel is celebrity big brother on in the usa?	n/a	[ "CBS", "on CBS" ]	[]	n/a	n/a	n/a	[]	[ { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13297953", "chunk_text": "\"Celebrity Big Brother 1 (U.S.)\"\nCelebrity Big Brother 1 (U.S.) Celebrity Big Brother, also known as Big Brother: Celebrity Edition, is a spin-off series of the American version of the Dutch reality television franchise \"\"Big Brother\"\". This season aired during the winter of the 2017–18 network television season on CBS and was the second U.S. \"\"Big Brother\"\" season to air outside the usual summer television season, the first being \"\"Big Brother 9\"\" in 2008. Julie Chen returned as host, with Allison Grodner and Rich Meehan returning as executive producers. The series is produced by Fly on the Wall Entertainment in association with Endemol Shine North", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 0 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "291046", "chunk_text": "\"Big Brother (U.S. TV series)\"\nservice, CBS All Access; and \"\"Celebrity Big Brother,\"\" which aired on CBS in February 2018. CBS also renewed the series for a 19th and 20th season. The 19th season premiered on June 28, 2017 and the 20th season premiered on June 27, 2018. The series was bought by CBS in early 2000 for an estimated $20 million. The United States version of the series officially premiered on July 5, 2000 when the original ten housemates entered the house. Since its inception, the show has been hosted by television personality Julie Chen. It is produced by Allison Grodner and Rich Meehan", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 1 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5500601", "chunk_text": "\"Celebrity Big Brother 1 (U.S.)\"\nand Thursday episodes set to air at 8:30pm and with other episodes set to air at 9:30pm. Additionally, episodes were made available to Australian viewers on Nine’s streaming service 9Now the shortly after the American airing of the show. However, low ratings saw the series bumped to a later timeslot on 9Go! The HouseGuests competed for the main grand prize of $250,000. The HouseGuests were revealed during a live pre-show of the 2018 Grammy Awards on January 28, 2018. <onlyinclude></onlyinclude> Celebrity Big Brother 1 (U.S.) Celebrity Big Brother, also known as Big Brother: Celebrity Edition, is a spin-off series of", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 2 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19617036", "chunk_text": "\"Celebrity Big Brother 2 (U.S.)\"\nCelebrity Big Brother 2 (U.S.) The second season of the American reality television series \"\"Celebrity Big Brother\"\", also known as \"\"Big Brother: Celebrity Edition\"\", will premiere on CBS on January 21, 2019 and conclude on February 13, 2019. It will consist of thirteen episodes, each approximately 60–120 minutes long, with Allison Grodner and Rich Meehan returning as executive producers for Fly on the Wall Entertainment, in association with Endemol Shine North America. CBS ordered the season on May 12, 2018 and confirmed it for a mid-season return when the network reveled its 2018–19 fall schedule on May 16, 2018. The", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 3 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5500600", "chunk_text": "\"Celebrity Big Brother 1 (U.S.)\"\nThe live Internet feeds returned for the American version of \"\"Celebrity Big Brother\"\" as part of CBS All Access. Alongside the weekly shows on CBS, the companion series \"\"\"\" returned on Pop under the title \"\"\"\". The show provided live coverage nightly from inside the House. The series was screened in Canada on Global in simulcast with CBS. The celebrity series is also the first American \"\"Big Brother\"\" season to be screened in Australia. The program aired on the Nine Network’s secondary channel; 9Go! from the 11th of February and air 5 times a week (Sundays to Thursdays) with Sunday", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 4 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "291052", "chunk_text": "\"Big Brother (U.S. TV series)\"\n2018. \"\"Celebrity Big Brother\"\" was renewed for a second season, which will premiere on January 21, 2019. Though not an actual spin-off, the Canadian edition of the series is the first and currently only series to adopt the American format of \"\"Big Brother\"\". However, other franchises such as \"\"Big Brother Brasil\"\" soon adopted the Veto Competition, Have/Have-Nots, and Head of Household into their format while still incorporating the international public vote format. \"\"Big Brother\"\" is a game show in which a group of contestants, referred to as HouseGuests, live in a custom-built \"\"house\"\" (actually a set built on a CBS", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 5 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5500592", "chunk_text": "\"Celebrity Big Brother 1 (U.S.)\"\njury vote of 6 to 3. Ross was also later named \"\"America's Favorite HouseGuest\"\". On May 12, 2018, CBS renewed the spin-off for a second season. After the first season of the British version of \"\"Big Brother\"\" proved to be a success in the ratings for Channel 4, the network collaborated with the BBC for the first British season of \"\"Celebrity Big Brother\"\" in aid of Comic Relief. The season ran for a condensed run of eight days and featured six British celebrities moving into the house used for the first British season. Due to the success of the first", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 6 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19617038", "chunk_text": "\"Celebrity Big Brother 2 (U.S.)\"\nBritish adaptation since its third season in 2005. The first season of the American adaptation of \"\"Celebrity Big Brother\"\" was announced on September 7, 2017 during a live double eviction episode of \"\"Big Brother 19\"\". The first season premiered on February 7, 2018 was scheduled as counterprogramming against the 2018 Winter Olympics airing on NBC. The series premiere was the number one program for CBS attracting 7.27 million viewers with a 1.8/7 rating in the 18-49 demographic and the highest rated season premiere since \"\"Big Brother 13\"\". The season finale pulled in 5.21 million viewers and a 1.4/5 rating in", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 7 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18003053", "chunk_text": "\"Celebrity Big Brother 2 (U.S.)\"\n2018–19 network television season. The season premiere is scheduled for January 21, 2019 with the season finale on February 13, 2019. <onlyinclude></onlyinclude> Celebrity Big Brother 2 (U.S.) The second season of the American reality television series \"\"Celebrity Big Brother\"\", also known as \"\"Big Brother: Celebrity Edition\"\", will premiere on CBS on January 21, 2019 and conclude on February 13, 2019. It will consist of thirteen episodes, each approximately 60–120 minutes long, with Allison Grodner and Rich Meehan returning as executive producers for Fly on the Wall Entertainment, in association with Endemol Shine North America. CBS ordered the season on May", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 8 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1043595", "chunk_text": "\"Big Brother: After Dark\"\nlive at the bottom of the screen during certain portions of the broadcast. Fans also have the opportunity to win tickets to the live finale of the current season. Celebrity Big Brother: After Dark is a spinoff of the American reality series \"\"Celebrity Big Brother\"\", and is the Celebrity version of \"\"Big Brother: After Dark\"\". It premiered on the U.S. cable channel Pop. The series began on February 7, 2018. \"\"Celebrity Big Brother: After Dark\"\" was announced on January 26, 2018 and has received its own title card and promotional videos. Throughout its first season a total of 18 episodes", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 9 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16078161", "chunk_text": "\"Celebrity Big Brother\"\nCelebrity Big Brother Celebrity Big Brother (or Big Brother VIP) is an adaptation of the \"\"Big Brother\"\" reality television series. Just like its parent franchise, \"\"Celebrity Big Brother\"\" airs in several countries, however the housemates or houseguests are local celebrities. In some countries, the prize money normally awarded to the winning housemate is donated to a charity, and all celebrities are paid to appear in the show as long as they do not voluntarily leave before their eviction or the end of the series. The rest of the rules are nearly the same as those of the original version. The", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 10 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18003052", "chunk_text": "\"Celebrity Big Brother 2 (U.S.)\"\nsexual misconduct allegations. Chen Moonves has been the host of the American adaption of the format since the first season of \"\"Big Brother\"\". She subsequently stepped down as a co-host of \"\"The Talk\"\" on September 18, 2018 while continuing to host \"\"Big Brother 20\"\". CBS confirmed on November 27, 2018 that Chen Moonves would host the second season of \"\"Celebrity Big Brother\"\". The \"\"Big Brother\"\" House has 94 high-definition cameras and over 113 microphones in order to monitor and record the HouseGuests. The main television coverage of the second season will be screened on CBS during the winter of the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 11 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5500597", "chunk_text": "\"Celebrity Big Brother 1 (U.S.)\"\nVeto had been confirmed to returned for this edition along with live evictions. On December 1, 2017, CBS revealed that the series would premiere on February 7, 2018 and wrap on February 25, 2018. \"\"Celebrity Big Brother\"\" was a condensed version of the game and would not last as long as a regular season of \"\"Big Brother\"\", with episodes only shown over two weeks instead of three months. Unlike the parent series Jury members were not sequestered separately and were allowed to return to the outside world as well as watch the show. Beginning with an incident that led to", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 12 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19617039", "chunk_text": "\"Celebrity Big Brother 2 (U.S.)\"\nthe 18-49 demographic. CBS ordered a second season of \"\"Celebrity Big Brother\"\" on May 12, 2018 then confirmed it would return for a mid-season run four days later when the network reveled its 2018–19 fall prime-time schedule. Allison Grodner and Rich Meehan serve as executive producers for the second season. Their production company Fly on the Wall Entertainment will produce the season for CBS in association with Endemol Shine North America. The media speculated that Julie Chen Moonves might not continue hosting \"\"Big Brother\"\" after her husband Les Moonves' departure from CBS Corporation on September 9, 2018 because of multiple", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 13 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19617037", "chunk_text": "\"Celebrity Big Brother 2 (U.S.)\"\nnetwork confirmed on November 27, 2018 that Julie Chen Moonves will continue her role as host despite media speculation that she may not return after her husband Les Moonves' departure from CBS Corporation due to sexual misconduct allegations against him. The season will follow a similar format to the first season where a group of celebrities, known as HouseGuests, will live in the \"\"Big Brother\"\" House under constant surveillance with no contact with the outside world. An American version of \"\"Celebrity Big Brother\"\" had been speculated by the media since 2002 while American celebrities began appearing as Housemates on the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 14 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "291051", "chunk_text": "\"Big Brother (U.S. TV series)\"\ninterviews. For \"\"Big Brother 20\"\", the \"\"\"\"Live Chat\"\"\"\" was replaced by \"\"Off the Block with Ross and Marissa\"\". Hosted by former Celebrity HouseGuests Marissa Jaret Winokur and Ross Mathews, the show is set to air on Fridays on Facebook following the live eviction. There have been two spin-off editions of \"\"Big Brother\"\". In October 2016, CBS premiered a spin-off web series, \"\"\"\", as an original series for CBS All Access. Unlike the flagship, television version, it was broadcast exclusively online with a shorter, 10-week season. The second spin-off, \"\"Celebrity Big Brother\"\", aired its first season on CBS on February 7,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 15 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20723187", "chunk_text": "\"Celebrity Big Brother 22 (UK)\"\nCelebrity Big Brother 22 (UK) Celebrity Big Brother 22, also known as Celebrity Big Brother: Eye of the Storm, was the twenty-second and final series of the British reality television series \"\"Celebrity Big Brother\"\". It launched on 16 August 2018 on Channel 5 and ended after 26 days on 10 September 2018. It was the fifteenth celebrity series and twenty-second series of \"\"Big Brother\"\" overall to air on Channel 5. For the first time since 2011, the celebrity edition aired before the main series with \"\"Big Brother 19\"\" launching after the final in September 2018. \"\"Celebrity Big Brother 22\"\" was", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 16 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16144278", "chunk_text": "\"Big Brother (U.S. TV series)\"\nas a subscription or as a free addition for Gold members. With the fifteenth season onward, the live feeds have aired on the official CBS website, again requiring a subscription from users. Though advertised as being available at any time, the feeds are shut off during the weekly nomination ceremony, Power of Veto ceremony, and the competitions and evictions for that week; this is to provide suspense for the series. Slanderous statements and singing of copyrighted music are also blocked for legal reasons. CBS aired the spin-off series \"\"Celebrity Big Brother\"\" from February 7–25, 2018. It was the first spin-off", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 17 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5500595", "chunk_text": "\"Celebrity Big Brother 1 (U.S.)\"\nthen backed out. Barr would later take part in another celebrity spin-off of \"\"Big Brother\"\" called \"\"\"\" in the United Kingdom in 2008, where she watched over a group of non-celebrity housemates for a day, set tasks and talked to them in the Diary Room. Julie Chen announced on September 7, 2017, during a live double eviction episode of \"\"Big Brother 19\"\" that \"\"Celebrity Big Brother\"\" would air sometime during the winter, before the twentieth season of \"\"Big Brother\"\" in the summer of 2018. CBS later confirmed via a press release that Julie Chen would return to host the new", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 18 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5500599", "chunk_text": "\"Celebrity Big Brother 1 (U.S.)\"\nin the season's finale night versus the usual three. The main television coverage of \"\"Celebrity Big Brother\"\" was screened on CBS during the winter of the 2017–18 network television season. CBS decided to schedule the spin-off during the February 2018 sweeps period to counterprogram NBC's coverage of the 2018 Winter Olympics. Episodes aired on Sundays, Mondays, Wednesdays, and Fridays with two special episodes on Thursday, February 8 and Saturday, February 24. Most episodes aired for one hour and aired from 8:00-9:00 p.m. EST; the Friday episodes and the season finale, however, ran for two hours each (from 8:00-10:00 p.m. EST).", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 19 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16078162", "chunk_text": "\"Celebrity Big Brother\"\ncelebrity version has become particularly popular in the UK, causing UK broadcaster Channel 5 to extend its deal with Endemol enabling them to air two celebrity series in addition to the civilian version every year from 2012. In total the UK aired 22 celebrity series with their \"\"twenty-second and final series\"\" ending on 10 September 2018, Four days later on 14 September 2018, Channel 5 confirmed that they had axed both \"\"Big Brother\"\" and \"\"Celebrity Big Brother\"\". In Bulgaria, \"\"VIP Brother\"\" has replaced the original format of the show and more seasons of the celebrity edition have been produced than", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 20 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5500593", "chunk_text": "\"Celebrity Big Brother 1 (U.S.)\"\ncelebrity edition, a second season was ordered and shown exclusively on Channel 4 in November 2002. The celebrity version took a two-year break before returning for its third season in 2005, and became a regular staple alongside the regular British version. Starting with the third season, the show began to feature celebrities outside the United Kingdom alongside well known British celebrities. Many notable American celebrities have since taken part in the British version of \"\"Celebrity Big Brother\"\". American actor Gary Busey took part in the fourteenth season in the summer of 2014 and became the first American celebrity to win", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 21 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1410353", "chunk_text": "\"Celebrity Big Brother 16 (UK)\"\nCelebrity Big Brother 16 (UK) Celebrity Big Brother 16, also known as Celebrity Big Brother: UK vs USA, was the sixteenth series of the British reality television series \"\"Celebrity Big Brother\"\", hosted by Emma Willis and narrated by Marcus Bentley. The series launched on 27 August 2015 on Channel 5 in the United Kingdom and TV3 in the Ireland, and ended after 29 days on 24 September 2015. It is the ninth celebrity series and the fourteenth series of \"\"Big Brother\"\" overall to air on Channel 5. It was the only celebrity series to credit Denis O'Connor as creative director.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 22 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13297954", "chunk_text": "\"Celebrity Big Brother 1 (U.S.)\"\nAmerica. The first season premiered on February 7, 2018. The promotional logo was released on December 20, 2017. The logo is similar to that used for \"\"Big Brother 19\"\", with the word \"\"celebrity\"\" added. The first teaser was also released the same day. In January 2018 official photos of the house and backyard were released through a press release and an Instagram livestream with Julie Chen. On January 28, 2018, the official cast was announced during The 60th Annual Grammy Awards. The first season officially concluded on February 25, 2018 when Marissa Jaret Winokur beat Ross Mathews by a final", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 23 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1921773", "chunk_text": "\"Celebrity Big Brother 21 (UK)\"\nCelebrity Big Brother 21 (UK) Celebrity Big Brother 21, also known as Celebrity Big Brother: Year of the Woman, was the twenty-first series of the British reality television series \"\"Celebrity Big Brother\"\". It launched on 2 January 2018 on Channel 5, and concluded on 2 February 2018 after 32 days, making it the joint longest series to date. It is the fourteenth celebrity series and the twenty-first series of \"\"Big Brother\"\" overall to air on Channel 5. Emma Willis returned to host the series, while Rylan Clark-Neal continued to present \"\"Celebrity Big Brother's Bit on the Side\"\". On 2 February", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 24 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11532901", "chunk_text": "\"Big Brother: After Dark\"\nBig Brother: After Dark Big Brother: After Dark is a spinoff of the American reality series \"\"Big Brother\"\", currently airing on the cable channel Pop. The program debuted on Showtime 2 in the United States and Slice in Canada on July 5, 2007, as a companion show launched in coincidence with the eighth season of \"\"Big Brother\"\"; it moved to TVGN (now Pop) on June 26, 2013, coinciding with the debut of the fifteenth season of the parent series. A similar series of the program entitled, Celebrity Big Brother: After Dark, debuted on Pop on February 7, 2018, as a", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 25 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1043597", "chunk_text": "\"Big Brother: After Dark\"\nBig Brother: After Dark Big Brother: After Dark is a spinoff of the American reality series \"\"Big Brother\"\", currently airing on the cable channel Pop. The program debuted on Showtime 2 in the United States and Slice in Canada on July 5, 2007, as a companion show launched in coincidence with the eighth season of \"\"Big Brother\"\"; it moved to TVGN (now Pop) on June 26, 2013, coinciding with the debut of the fifteenth season of the parent series. A similar series of the program entitled, Celebrity Big Brother: After Dark, debuted on Pop on February 7, 2018, as a", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 26 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16435094", "chunk_text": "\"Celebrity Big Brother 19 (UK)\"\nCelebrity Big Brother 19 (UK) Celebrity Big Brother 19, also known as Celebrity Big Brother: All-Stars vs. New Stars, was the nineteenth series of the British reality television series \"\"Celebrity Big Brother\"\", hosted by Emma Willis and narrated by Marcus Bentley. The series launched on 3 January 2017 and concluded after 32 days on 3 February 2017, making it the joint longest celebrity series to date along with \"\"Celebrity Big Brother 17\"\". The series was shown on Channel 5 in the United Kingdom and 3e in Ireland. Rylan Clark-Neal continues to present the spin-off show \"\"Celebrity Big Brother's Bit on", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 27 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5500594", "chunk_text": "\"Celebrity Big Brother 1 (U.S.)\"\n\"\"Celebrity Big Brother\"\" in the United Kingdom. An American version of \"\"Celebrity Big Brother\"\" has been speculated since 2002, along with a celebrity version of \"\"Survivor.\"\" In an interview, Julie Chen and CBS CEO Leslie Moonves revealed talks of a celebrity edition of \"\"Big Brother\"\" as far back as \"\"Big Brother 2.\"\" It was rumored that CBS was looking to air a celebrity edition in the fall after \"\"Big Brother 3\"\" with radio personality Howard Stern speculated as a possible houseguest. Chen revealed that Paris Hilton had agreed to do it and Roseanne Barr initially agreed to take part, but", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 28 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10259374", "chunk_text": "\"Celebrity Big Brother (UK TV series)\"\nmost notably during the 2007 series. Following this, a spin-off series known as \"\"\"\" aired in 2008 in the place of \"\"Celebrity Big Brother\"\". It has been noted that numerous celebrities who have appeared on the series have become more prominent figures in the media than before. On 14 September 2018, Channel 5 announced that \"\"Big Brother\"\" and \"\"Celebrity Big Brother\"\" would not be returning to the channel after the end of the nineteenth regular series. The final series of \"\"Celebrity Big Brother\"\" was won by Ryan Thomas on 10 September 2018. In 2000, the reality series \"\"Big Brother\"\" premiered", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 29 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7354924", "chunk_text": "\"Celebrity Big Brother 17 (UK)\"\nCelebrity Big Brother 17 (UK) Celebrity Big Brother 17 was the seventeenth series of the British reality television series \"\"Celebrity Big Brother\"\", hosted by Emma Willis and narrated by Marcus Bentley. The series launched on 5 January 2016 on Channel 5 in the United Kingdom and TV3 in the Republic of Ireland, and concluded 32 days later on 5 February 2016, making it the longest celebrity series to date, along with \"\"Celebrity Big Brother 19\"\" and \"\"Celebrity Big Brother 21\"\". It was the tenth celebrity series and the fifteenth series of \"\"Big Brother\"\" overall to air on Channel 5. First", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 30 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20297839", "chunk_text": "\"Channel 5 (UK) programming\"\n\"\"Celebrity Big Brother\"\" was won by Ryan Thomas on 10 September 2018 with the final series of \"\"Big Brother\"\" launching four days later on 14 September 2018, ending after 53 days on 5 November 2018. In total Big Brother and Celebrity Big Brother aired twenty-three series on Channel 5 between 2011–2018, with 8 regular and 15 celebrity series respectively. \"\"The Farm\"\" was Channel 5's version of the international TV format \"\"The Farm\"\". It had a series of celebrities appearing on it during its two series run and did attract some controversy. Channel 5 cancelled \"\"The Farm\"\" following series two in", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 31 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5500596", "chunk_text": "\"Celebrity Big Brother 1 (U.S.)\"\nseason, and Allison Grodner and Rich Meehan will be executive producers. The season will be produced by Fly on the Wall Entertainment in association with Endemol Shine North America. On September 13, 2017, it was revealed by Chen that her husband, CBS chief executive Leslie Moonves, forced her to take a pay cut for the celebrity edition to happen. Moonves stated, \"\"You shouldn't be expected to be paid as if it's a full series. It's a condensed version.\"\" The format of the show remained similar to the American version of \"\"Big Brother\"\". Competitions for Head of Household and Power of", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 32 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16144279", "chunk_text": "\"Big Brother (U.S. TV series)\"\nto air on the broadcast network, and the second season overall to air in the winter television season. The celebrity edition aired in a concentrated run with fewer episodes, but with multiple episodes each week. The Head of Household competition is held at the beginning of each week, and is most often performed on the live eviction episode. Most often, the first Head of Household competition will require HouseGuests to participate either in pairs or in teams. While the fourth, fifth, and eighth seasons had the HouseGuests competing in pairs, the sixth, seventh, eleventh, twelfth, fourteenth, fifteenth, and sixteenth editions", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 33 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10259371", "chunk_text": "\"Celebrity Big Brother (UK TV series)\"\n\"\"Celebrity Big Brother\"\" began as a one-time spin-off series to the original \"\"Big Brother UK\"\", and premiered on Channel 4 on 9 March 2001. Following the successful first series, the show returned the following year for a second series. Though the show did not air for the next two years, it returned in 2005 and 2006. Following the highly controversial fifth series in 2007, the show did not return in 2008. It did air in 2009, but it was officially axed after the seventh series in 2010 when Channel 4 chose to cancel the programme as well as the main", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 34 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5500598", "chunk_text": "\"Celebrity Big Brother 1 (U.S.)\"\na lawsuit in \"\"Big Brother 2\"\" when HouseGuest Justin Sebik got drunk and threatened fellow HouseGuest Krista Stegall by holding a knife to her throat, there has been an alcohol restriction in the house. The alcohol restriction was lifted for the Celebrity HouseGuests. The space in the backyard was reduced to allow production to constantly perform construction for competitions but still allow 24/7 access for the HouseGuests. For the celebrity version of America's Favorite HouseGuest, the term Favorite Celebrity HouseGuest was also being used interchangeably. For the first time since the beginning of the U.S. series, five players were featured", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 35 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "299994", "chunk_text": "\"Big Brother (UK TV series)\"\nadaptations. On 14 September 2018 (the day of the nineteenth and final series launch), Channel 5 announced that \"\"Big Brother\"\" and \"\"Celebrity Big Brother\"\" would not be returning to the channel after the end of the series. The series and subsequently, \"\"Big Brother\"\" in the UK ended after 18 years on 5 November 2018. \"\"Big Brother\"\" reality series was initially created by John de Mol and premiered in the Netherlands. Following the success of the series, it was confirmed that editions for both the United Kingdom and the United States were in the works. In March 2000, it was revealed", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 36 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16890315", "chunk_text": "\"Big Brother 20 (U.S.)\"\npast on \"\"Big Brother\"\" and showcased her support for her husband, while it received a mix response from fans and viewers on Twitter. Chen subsequently announced her departure from \"\"The Talk\"\" in a pre-recorded segment that aired on the September 18, 2018 episode where she stood outside the \"\"Big Brother\"\" house. Chen will continue to host \"\"Big Brother\"\". The twentieth season had been confirmed since August 10, 2016 as part of a two-year renewal between CBS and Fly on the Wall Entertainment, in association with Endemol Shine North America. \"\"Celebrity Big Brother\"\" was renewed for a second season on May", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 37 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17562344", "chunk_text": "\"Celebrity Big Brother 20 (UK)\"\nCelebrity Big Brother 20 (UK) Celebrity Big Brother 20 was the twentieth series of the British reality television series \"\"Celebrity Big Brother\"\", hosted by Emma Willis and narrated by Marcus Bentley. The series launched on 1 August 2017, and concluded on 25 August 2017 after 25 days, making this the shortest series since \"\"Celebrity Big Brother 12\"\" in 2013. The series will air on Channel 5 in the United Kingdom and 3e in Ireland. Rylan Clark-Neal will continue to present the spin-off show \"\"Celebrity Big Brother's Bit on the Side\"\". It is the thirteenth celebrity series and twentieth series of", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 38 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10259381", "chunk_text": "\"Celebrity Big Brother (UK TV series)\"\nthe spin-off series provided poor ratings and was not renewed. \"\"Ultimate Big Brother\"\" was the final series to air on Channel 4, and featured fourteen of the most memorable housemates from both \"\"Big Brother\"\" and \"\"Celebrity Big Brother\"\" competing in the series. Numerous other spin-offs have occurred throughout the series such as \"\"Big Brother's Big Mouth\"\", hosted by Russell Brand, and \"\"Big Brother's Little Brother\"\" hosted by Dermot O'Leary. Following the show's move to Channel 5, \"\"Big Brother's Bit on the Side\"\" is the only currently airing spin-off series. \"\"Big Brother\"\" is a game show in which a group of", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 39 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10259370", "chunk_text": "\"Celebrity Big Brother (UK TV series)\"\nCelebrity Big Brother (UK TV series) Celebrity Big Brother was a British television reality game show based on the Dutch show \"\"Big Brother\"\", created by producer John de Mol in 1997, which aired from 2001 to 2018. The show followed a number of celebrity contestants, known as housemates, who were isolated from the outside world for an extended period of time in a custom built House. Each week, one of the housemates is evicted by a public vote, with the last housemate named the winner. The series takes its name from the character in George Orwell's 1949 novel \"\"Nineteen Eighty-Four\"\".", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 40 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10259372", "chunk_text": "\"Celebrity Big Brother (UK TV series)\"\nseries. Despite this, it was picked up by Channel 5, and \"\"Celebrity Big Brother\"\" returned in 2011. Since 2012, two editions of \"\"Celebrity Big Brother\"\" have aired each year, with one airing in January and one airing following the conclusion of the civilian series in August. The show was initially hosted by Davina McCall from its inception to its cancellation by Channel 4. Despite being offered the position of host following the show's move to Channel 5, McCall chose not to return. Brian Dowling, who had won on \"\"Big Brother 2\"\" and \"\"Ultimate Big Brother\"\", replaced McCall as the host", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 41 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1199394", "chunk_text": "\"Celebrity Big Brother\"\nthe regular one. Due to the show's popularity there, it lasts for two months unlike most countries where it only airs for a month. Examples include: Celebrity Big Brother Celebrity Big Brother (or Big Brother VIP) is an adaptation of the \"\"Big Brother\"\" reality television series. Just like its parent franchise, \"\"Celebrity Big Brother\"\" airs in several countries, however the housemates or houseguests are local celebrities. In some countries, the prize money normally awarded to the winning housemate is donated to a charity, and all celebrities are paid to appear in the show as long as they do not voluntarily", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 42 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1410356", "chunk_text": "\"Celebrity Big Brother 16 (UK)\"\nepisodes will air on Channel 5, with the weekend episodes airing on 5*. The first five-second teaser for \"\"Celebrity Big Brother\"\" aired on 31 July 2015 confirming the theme UK v USA. Channel 5 later revealed the full length advert on 7 August 2015. The advert featured hosts Emma Willis and Rylan Clark. Lucozade returns to sponsor \"\"Celebrity Big Brother\"\" after previously sponsoring \"\"Big Brother 16\"\" earlier in the year. The house was redecorated following the sixteenth civilian series. The house was decorated with British and American iconography to suit the UK v USA theme. House pictures were officially revealed", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 43 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8015291", "chunk_text": "\"Celebrity Big Brother 8 (UK)\"\nCelebrity Big Brother 8 (UK) Celebrity Big Brother 2011, also known as Celebrity Big Brother 8, was the eighth series of the British reality television series \"\"Celebrity Big Brother\"\". It was the first series of \"\"Celebrity Big Brother\"\" to air on Channel 5, and the first celebrity series not to air in January since \"\"Celebrity Big Brother 2\"\", which was broadcast in November 2002. The series launched on 18 August 2011, and ended after 22 days on 8 September 2011, making it the shortest Channel 5 series. It was followed by the twelfth regular series, which launched the following night", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 44 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16066740", "chunk_text": "\"Celebrity Big Brother 3 (UK)\"\nthe pupil, indicating that it is a celebrity series. The live launch, nightly highlight shows, live eviction and finale were all broadcast on Channel 4. Davina McCall remained host of the live shows. Big Brother's Little Brother returned for the celebrity series once again hosted by Dermot O'Leary, for the first time ever it was broadcast in a late night time-slot on Channel 4, however it was broadcast in its usual Sunday lunchtime slot. On E4, live coverage from the house dominated its daily and nightly schedule, Nominations Uncut and Diary Room Uncut – which were both introduced during Big", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 45 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8015310", "chunk_text": "\"Celebrity Big Brother 8 (UK)\"\nslot. It gave Channel 5 its highest-ever audience outside of sports programmes and films, and one of its top five ratings of all time. Celebrity Big Brother 8 (UK) Celebrity Big Brother 2011, also known as Celebrity Big Brother 8, was the eighth series of the British reality television series \"\"Celebrity Big Brother\"\". It was the first series of \"\"Celebrity Big Brother\"\" to air on Channel 5, and the first celebrity series not to air in January since \"\"Celebrity Big Brother 2\"\", which was broadcast in November 2002. The series launched on 18 August 2011, and ended after 22 days", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 46 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "300004", "chunk_text": "\"Big Brother (UK TV series)\"\nday would be its last. Since its inception, \"\"Big Brother\"\" has seen numerous spin-offs and tie-in series' launch on both Channel 4 and Channel 5. The most notable spin-off, \"\"Celebrity Big Brother\"\", began initially as a one time series and involved six celebrities staying in the House for eight days. Following the success of the series, \"\"Celebrity Big Brother\"\" went on to become an annual occurrence, much like the main series. Following widespread media attention involving racism during the fifth series, the show was not broadcast the following year. The show returned in 2009, and the final series to air", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 47 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14366449", "chunk_text": "\"Big Brother: Celebrity Hijack\"\nSundays at 7 pm. It was O'Leary's last series as he departed from the show to focus on his X Factor duties. \"\"Big Brother's Big Mouth\"\" was hosted by James Corden and Mathew Horne. Big Mouth aired Monday-Thursday at 10 p.m. and Fridays at 10.30 pm. Corden and Horne were chosen as permanent hosts after being guest hosts during Big Brother 8. \"\"Diary Room Uncut\"\" aired on Saturdays at 10 pm. This year however there was no online live feed on Channel 4 or their sponsor Virgin Media's site. Also, as the series progressed the amount of live coverage on", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 48 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6328640", "chunk_text": "\"Celebrity Big Brother 18 (UK)\"\nCelebrity Big Brother 18 (UK) Celebrity Big Brother 18 was the eighteenth series of the British reality television series \"\"Celebrity Big Brother\"\", hosted by Emma Willis and narrated by Marcus Bentley. The series launched on 28 July 2016, just two days after the conclusion of \"\"Big Brother 17\"\" on Channel 5 in the United Kingdom and TV3 in Ireland. The series ended on 26 August 2016, making it the longest summer series to date and the third-longest series of \"\"Celebrity Big Brother\"\" in its history, behind series 15 and 17, respectively. Rylan Clark-Neal continues to present the spin-off show \"\"Celebrity", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 49 } ]
test_3527	who overthrew the mongols and established the ming dynasty?	n/a	[ "Zhu Yuanzhang" ]	[]	n/a	n/a	n/a	[]	[ { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13431005", "chunk_text": "\"Hongwu Emperor\"\nHongwu Emperor The Hongwu Emperor (21 October 1328 – 24 June 1398), personal name Zhu Yuanzhang (), was the founding emperor of China's Ming dynasty. In the middle of the 14th century, with famine, plagues, and peasant revolts sweeping across China, Zhu Yuanzhang rose to command the force that conquered China and ended the Mongol-led Yuan dynasty, forcing the Mongols to retreat to the Central Asian steppes. Zhu claimed the Mandate of Heaven and established the Ming dynasty at the beginning of 1368; later in the same year his army occupied the Yuan capital, Khanbaliq (present-day Beijing). Trusting only in", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 0 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19190197", "chunk_text": "\"Yuan dynasty\"\nYuan dynasty The Yuan dynasty (; ), officially the Great Yuan (; Middle Mongolian: , , literally \"\"Great Yuan State\"\"), was the empire or ruling dynasty of China established by Kublai Khan, leader of the Mongolian Borjigin clan. It followed the Song dynasty and preceded the Ming dynasty. Although the Mongols had ruled territories including modern-day North China for decades, it was not until 1271 that Kublai Khan officially proclaimed the dynasty in the traditional Chinese style, and the conquest was not complete until 1279. His realm was, by this point, isolated from the other khanates and controlled most of", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 1 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1172345", "chunk_text": "\"History of the Ming dynasty\"\nHistory of the Ming dynasty The Ming dynasty (January 23, 1368 – April 25, 1644), officially the Great Ming or Empire of the Great Ming, founded by the peasant rebel leader Zhu Yuanzhang, known as the Hongwu Emperor, was an imperial dynasty of China. It was the successor to the Yuan dynasty and the predecessor of the short-lived Shun dynasty, which was in turn succeeded by the Qing dynasty. At its height, the Ming dynasty had a population of 160 million people, while some assert the population could actually have been as large as 200 million. Ming rule saw the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 2 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17767174", "chunk_text": "\"Ming dynasty\"\nMing dynasty The Ming dynasty () was the ruling dynasty of China – then known as the – for 276 years (1368–1644) following the collapse of the Mongol-led Yuan dynasty. The Ming dynasty was the last imperial dynasty in China ruled by ethnic Han Chinese. Although the primary capital of Beijing fell in 1644 to a rebellion led by Li Zicheng (who established the Shun dynasty, soon replaced by the Manchu-led Qing dynasty), regimes loyal to the Ming throne – collectively called the Southern Ming – survived until 1683. The Hongwu Emperor (ruled 1368–98) attempted to create a society of", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 3 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13593233", "chunk_text": "\"Ming dynasty\"\nThe Wanli Emperor (r. 1572–1620) attempted to reestablish Sino-Tibetan relations in the wake of a Mongol-Tibetan alliance initiated in 1578, an alliance which affected the foreign policy of the subsequent Manchu Qing dynasty (1644–1912) in their support for the Dalai Lama of the Yellow Hat sect. By the late 16th century, the Mongols proved to be successful armed protectors of the Yellow Hat Dalai Lama after their increasing presence in the Amdo region, culminating in the conquest of Tibet by Güshi Khan (1582–1655) in 1642, establishing the Khoshut Khanate. The Hongwu Emperor specified his grandson Zhu Yunwen as his successor,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 4 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13593218", "chunk_text": "\"Ming dynasty\"\nepidemic, the dynasty collapsed before the rebel leader Li Zicheng, who was defeated by the Manchu-led Eight Banner armies who founded the Qing dynasty. The Mongol-led Yuan dynasty (1271–1368) ruled before the establishment of the Ming dynasty. Explanations for the demise of the Yuan include institutionalized ethnic discrimination against Han Chinese that stirred resentment and rebellion, overtaxation of areas hard-hit by inflation, and massive flooding of the Yellow River as a result of the abandonment of irrigation projects. Consequently, agriculture and the economy were in shambles, and rebellion broke out among the hundreds of thousands of peasants called upon to", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 5 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19190265", "chunk_text": "\"Yuan dynasty\"\nit is impossible to exactly define how many tiers of divisions there are under a province. This government structure at the provincial level was later inherited and modified by the Ming and Qing dynasties. Yuan dynasty The Yuan dynasty (; ), officially the Great Yuan (; Middle Mongolian: , , literally \"\"Great Yuan State\"\"), was the empire or ruling dynasty of China established by Kublai Khan, leader of the Mongolian Borjigin clan. It followed the Song dynasty and preceded the Ming dynasty. Although the Mongols had ruled territories including modern-day North China for decades, it was not until 1271 that", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 6 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15140997", "chunk_text": "Mongolia\nKhaanate\"\", consisting of the Mongol homeland and China, became known as the Yuan dynasty under Kublai Khan, the grandson of Genghis Khan. He set up his capital in present-day Beijing. After more than a century of power, the Yuan was replaced by the Ming dynasty in 1368, and the Mongol court fled to the north. As the Ming armies pursued the Mongols into their homeland, they successfully sacked and destroyed the Mongol capital Karakorum and other cities. Some of these attacks were repelled by the Mongols under Ayushridar and his general Köke Temür. After the expulsion of the Yuan dynasty", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 7 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20716747", "chunk_text": "\"Mongol conquest of China\"\nMongol conquest of China The Mongol conquest of China was a series of major military efforts by the Mongol Empire to invade China proper. It spanned six decades in the 13th century and involved the defeat of the Jin dynasty, Western Xia, the Dali Kingdom and the Southern Song. The Mongol Empire under Genghis Khan started the conquest with small-scale raids into Western Xia in 1205 and 1207. By 1279, the Mongol leader Kublai Khan had established the Yuan dynasty in China and crushed the last Song resistance, which marked the onset of all of China under the Mongol Yuan", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 8 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4295409", "chunk_text": "\"Dayan Khan\"\nrange from 1517 until 1543. Dayan Khan Dayan Khan () (given name: \"\"Batumöngke\"\"; 1464–1517/1543) was a Mongol khan who reunited the Mongols under Chinggisid supremacy in the Northern Yuan dynasty based in Mongolia. His reigning title, \"\"Dayan\"\", means the \"\"Great Yuan\"\", as he enthroned himself as Great Khan of the Great Yuan, though the Yuan dynasty, the principal khanate of the Mongol Empire, had already been overthrown by the Chinese Ming dynasty a century earlier (1368). Dayan Khan and his queen, Mandukhai, eliminated Oirat power and abolished the taishi system used by both local and foreign warlords. Dayan Khan's victory", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 9 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1172389", "chunk_text": "\"History of the Ming dynasty\"\nLike in the Tumu Crisis, the Mongol leader Altan Khan (r. 1470–1582) invaded China and raided as far as the outskirts of Beijing. The Ming employed troops of Mongol descent to fight back Altan Khan's invasion, as well as Mongol military officers against Cao Qin's abortive coup of 1461. Mongol troops were also employed in the suppression of the Li people of Hainan in the early 16th century as well as the Liu Brothers and Tiger Yang in a 1510 rebellion. The Mongol incursions prompted the Ming authorities to construct the Great Wall from the late 15th century to the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 10 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4379348", "chunk_text": "\"History of the Yuan dynasty\"\nHistory of the Yuan dynasty The Yuan dynasty was the ruling dynasty of China and Mongolia established by Kublai Khan and a khanate of the Mongol Empire. Genghis Khan united the Mongol and Turkic tribes of the steppes and became Great Khan in 1206. He and his successors expanded the Mongol Empire across Asia. Under the reign of Genghis' third son, Ögedei Khan, the Mongols destroyed the weakened Jin dynasty in 1234 and conquered most of northern China. Ögedei offered his nephew Kublai a position in Xingzhou, Hebei. Kublai was unable to read Chinese, but had several Han Chinese teachers", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 11 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6416561", "chunk_text": "\"House of Zhu\"\nBeijing), he claimed the Mandate of Heaven and established the Ming dynasty in 1368. The Ming's mission was to drive away the Mongols and restore Han Chinese rule in China. Under the Hongwu Emperor's rule, the Mongol bureaucrats who dominated the government in the Yuan dynasty were replaced by Han Chinese officials. The Hongwu Emperor revamped the traditional Confucian examination system. Mongol-related things, including garments and names, were discontinued from use and boycotted. There were also attacks on palaces and administrative buildings previously used by the Mongol rulers. The Hongwu Emperor's grandson, Zhu Yunwen, assumed the throne as the Jianwen", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 12 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11712366", "chunk_text": "\"Ming dynasty\"\nafter the overthrow of the Qing dynasty in the Xinhai Revolution, some advocated that a Han Chinese be installed as Emperor, either the descendant of Confucius, who was the Duke Yansheng, or the Ming dynasty Imperial family descendant, the Marquis of Extended Grace. Described as \"\"one of the greatest eras of orderly government and social stability in human history\"\" by Edwin O. Reischauer, John K. Fairbank and Albert M. Craig, the Ming emperors took over the provincial administration system of the Yuan dynasty, and the thirteen Ming provinces are the precursors of the modern provinces. Throughout the Song dynasty, the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 13 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6416560", "chunk_text": "\"House of Zhu\"\nEmperor (21 October 1328 – 24 June 1398), who is also known variably by his personal name \"\"Zhu Yuanzhang\"\" and his temple name \"\"Taizu of Ming\"\" (literally \"\"Great Ancestor of Ming\"\"). He was the first emperor of the Ming dynasty. His regnal name, Hongwu, means \"\"vastly martial\"\". In the middle of the 14th century, with famine, plagues and peasant revolts sweeping across China, Zhu Yuanzhang became a leader of an army that conquered China, ending the government of the Mongol-led Yuan dynasty, and forcing the Mongols to retreat to present-day Mongolia. With his seizure of the Yuan capital Khanbaliq (present-day", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 14 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4295394", "chunk_text": "\"Dayan Khan\"\nDayan Khan Dayan Khan () (given name: \"\"Batumöngke\"\"; 1464–1517/1543) was a Mongol khan who reunited the Mongols under Chinggisid supremacy in the Northern Yuan dynasty based in Mongolia. His reigning title, \"\"Dayan\"\", means the \"\"Great Yuan\"\", as he enthroned himself as Great Khan of the Great Yuan, though the Yuan dynasty, the principal khanate of the Mongol Empire, had already been overthrown by the Chinese Ming dynasty a century earlier (1368). Dayan Khan and his queen, Mandukhai, eliminated Oirat power and abolished the taishi system used by both local and foreign warlords. Dayan Khan's victory at Dalan Tergin reunified the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 15 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9497900", "chunk_text": "\"Society of the Mongol Empire\"\nunder the assaults of the Black Death and the rising power of Muscovy. In the East, the native Chinese overthrew the Yuan dynasty in 1368, launching their own Ming dynasty and pursuing a policy of economic isolationism. The introduction of gunpowder contributed to the fall of the Mongols, as previously conquered tribes used it to reassert their independence. Gunpowder had differing effects depending on the region. In Europe, gunpowder and early modernity lent to the integration of territorial states and increasing mercantilism. Along the Silk Road, it was quite the opposite: failure to maintain the level of integration of the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 16 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15776124", "chunk_text": "\"History of Asia\"\nthe Mughal Empire controlled much of India and initiated the second golden age for India. China was the largest economy in the world for much of the time, followed by India until the 18th century. By 1368, Zhu Yuanzhang had claimed himself Hongwu Emperor and established the Ming Dynasty of China. Immediately, the new emperor and his followers drove the Mongols and their culture out of China and beyond the Great Wall. The new emperor was somewhat suspicious of the scholars that dominated China's bureaucracy, for he had been born a peasant and was uneducated. Nevertheless, Confucian scholars were necessary", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 17 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18265078", "chunk_text": "\"History of the Yuan dynasty\"\n(Timur Barulas) in 1403. A few decades later the new khan Batumongke (1464–1517/43) took the title \"\"Dayan\"\" meaning \"\"Da Yuan\"\" or \"\"Great Yuan\"\". and reunited the Mongols. His successors continued to rule until the submission to the Qing dynasty in the 17th century. History of the Yuan dynasty The Yuan dynasty was the ruling dynasty of China and Mongolia established by Kublai Khan and a khanate of the Mongol Empire. Genghis Khan united the Mongol and Turkic tribes of the steppes and became Great Khan in 1206. He and his successors expanded the Mongol Empire across Asia. Under the reign", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 18 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10215727", "chunk_text": "\"Yuan dynasty\"\nMongol Empire before Kublai Khan's formal establishment of the Yuan in 1271, partly because Kublai had his grandfather Genghis Khan placed on the official record as the founder of the dynasty or Taizu (). Despite the traditional historiography as well as the official views (including the government of the Ming dynasty which overthrew the Yuan dynasty), there also exist Chinese people who did not consider the Yuan dynasty as a legitimate dynasty of China, but rather as a period of foreign domination. The latter believe that Hans were treated as second-class citizens, and that China stagnated economically and scientifically. The", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 19 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1172358", "chunk_text": "\"History of the Ming dynasty\"\nnewfound power, Ḥājjī `Ali sought redress of old grievances between the Turpanians and Ming China began over the restrictive tributary trade system. Tensions rose, and in 1473 he led a campaign east to confront China, even succeeding in capturing Hami from the Oirat Mongol ruler Henshen. Ali traded control of Hami with the Ming, then Henshen's Mongols, in numerous battles spanning the reigns of his son Ahmed and his grandson Mansur in a drawn-out and complex series of conflicts now known as the Ming–Turpan conflict. In 1381, the Ming dynasty annexed the areas of the southwest that had once been", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 20 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1172357", "chunk_text": "\"History of the Ming dynasty\"\nover three decades of his rule. Multiple conflicts arose with the Ming dynasty fighting against the Uyghur Kingdom of Turpan and Oirat Mongols on the Northwestern Border, near Gansu, Turpan, and Hami. The Ming dynasty took control of Hami (under a small kingdom called Qara Del) in 1404 and turned it into Hami Prefecture In 1406, the Ming dynasty defeated the ruler of Turpan., which would lead to a lengthy war. The Moghul ruler of Turpan Yunus Khan, also known as Ḥājjī `Ali (ruled 1462–78), unified Moghulistan (roughly corresponding to today's Eastern Xinjiang) under his authority in 1472. Asserting his", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 21 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20482670", "chunk_text": "\"Post-classical history\"\nrising Mongol Empire before 1279. After seventy years of conquest, the Mongols proclaimed the Yuan dynasty and also annexed Korea; they failed to conquer Japan. Mongol conquerors also made China accessible to European travelers such as Marco Polo. The Mongol era was short lived due to plagues and famine. After revolution in 1368 the succeeding Ming dynasty ushered in a period of prosperity and brief foreign expeditions before isolating itself from global affairs for centuries. Korea and Japan however continued to have relations with China and with other Asian countries. In the 15th century Sejong the Great of Korea cemented", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 22 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2115349", "chunk_text": "\"Tumu Crisis\"\nTumu Crisis The Tumu Crisis (; ); also called the Crisis of Tumu Fortress () or Battle of Tumu (), was a frontier conflict between the Oirat tribes of Mongols and the Chinese Ming dynasty which led to the capture of the Emperor Yingzong of Ming on September 1, 1449, and the defeat of an army of 500,000 men by a much smaller force. In July 1449 Esen Tayisi () of the Mongols launched a large-scale, three-pronged invasion of China with his puppet khagan Toqtaq-Buqa. He personally advanced on Datong (in northern Shanxi province) in August. The eunuch official Wang", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 23 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8295303", "chunk_text": "\"History of China\"\nepidemics of plague, estimated to have killed 25 million people, 30% of the population of China. Throughout the Yuan dynasty, there was some general sentiment among the populace against the Mongol dominance. Yet rather than the nationalist cause, it was mainly strings of natural disasters and incompetent governance that triggered widespread peasant uprisings since the 1340s. After the massive naval engagement at Lake Poyang, Zhu Yuanzhang prevailed over other rebel forces in the south. He proclaimed himself emperor and founded the Ming dynasty in 1368. The same year his northern expedition army captured the capital Khanbaliq. The Yuan remnants fled", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 24 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18976457", "chunk_text": "\"Sino-Tibetan relations during the Ming dynasty\"\nin a rebellion by the Phagmodru myriarch Tai Situ Changchub Gyaltsen (1302–1364). The Mongol Yuan court was forced to accept him as the new viceroy, and Changchub Gyaltsen and his successors, the Phagmodrupa Dynasty, gained \"\"de facto\"\" rule over Tibet. In 1368, a Han Chinese revolt known as the Red Turban Rebellion toppled the Mongol Yuan dynasty in China. Zhu Yuanzhang then established the Ming dynasty, ruling as the Hongwu Emperor (r. 1368–1398). It is not clear how much the early Ming court understood the civil war going on in Tibet between rival religious sects, but the first emperor was", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 25 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5769813", "chunk_text": "\"Ming dynasty\"\nremained under control of the Mongols of the Northern Yuan dynasty based in Mongolia. Naghachu, a former Yuan official and a Uriankhai general of the Northern Yuan dynasty, won hegemony over the Mongol tribes in Manchuria (Liaoyang province of the former Yuan dynasty). He grew strong in the northeast, with forces large enough (numbering hundreds of thousands) to threaten invasion of the newly founded Ming dynasty in order to restore the Mongols to power in China. The Ming decided to defeat him instead of waiting for the Mongols to attack. In 1387 the Ming sent a military campaign to attack", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 26 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10215693", "chunk_text": "\"Yuan dynasty\"\nYuan maps, since Yuan emperors held the nominal title of Great Khan. Nevertheless, both terms can also refer to the khanate within the Mongol Empire directly ruled by Great Khans before the actual establishment of the Yuan dynasty by Kublai Khan in 1271. Genghis Khan united the Mongol tribes of the steppes and became Great Khan in 1206. He and his successors expanded the Mongol empire across Asia. Under the reign of Genghis' third son, Ögedei Khan, the Mongols destroyed the weakened Jin dynasty in 1234, conquering most of northern China. Ögedei offered his nephew Kublai a position in Xingzhou,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 27 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2785818", "chunk_text": "\"Ming dynasty\"\nand he assumed the throne as the Jianwen Emperor (1398–1402) after Hongwu's death in 1398. The most powerful of Hongwu's sons, Zhu Di, then the militarily mighty disagreed with this, and soon a political showdown erupted between him and his nephew Jianwen. After Jianwen arrested many of Zhu Di's associates, Zhu Di plotted a rebellion that sparked a three-year civil war. Under the pretext of rescuing the young Jianwen from corrupting officials, Zhu Di personally led forces in the revolt; the palace in Nanjing was burned to the ground, along with Jianwen himself, his wife, mother, and courtiers. Zhu Di", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 28 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18215958", "chunk_text": "\"Manchuria under Yuan rule\"\nby the Northern Yuan dynasty based in Mongolia for almost 20 years, until it was conquered by the Ming during the Ming military campaign against Naghachu and put under Ming rule. In 1211, after the conquest of Western Xia, Genghis Khan, the founder of the Mongol Empire mobilized an army to conquer the Jurchen Jin dynasty, which controlled North China and Manchuria. They successfully destroyed the Jin forts there. The Khitans under Yelü Liuge declared their allegiance to Genghis Khan and established nominally autonomous state in Manchuria in 1213. However, the Jin forces dispatched a punitive expedition against them. The", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 29 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2115356", "chunk_text": "\"Tumu Crisis\"\nhimself faced growing criticism for his failure to exploit his victory over the Ming and he was assassinated six years after the battle in 1455. Tumu Crisis The Tumu Crisis (; ); also called the Crisis of Tumu Fortress () or Battle of Tumu (), was a frontier conflict between the Oirat tribes of Mongols and the Chinese Ming dynasty which led to the capture of the Emperor Yingzong of Ming on September 1, 1449, and the defeat of an army of 500,000 men by a much smaller force. In July 1449 Esen Tayisi () of the Mongols launched a", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 30 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2797674", "chunk_text": "\"Islam during the Ming dynasty\"\nand the son of Li Lu In 1376 Li Nu visited Ormuz in Persia, converted to Islam, married a Persian or an Arab girl and brought her back to Quanzhou in Fujian. One of his descendants was the Neo Confucian philosopher Li Zhi. Several of the commanders of Zhu Yuanzhang, the founder of the Ming dynasty, were Muslim. Lan Yu, in 1388, led a strong imperial Ming army out of the Great Wall and won a decisive victory over the Mongols in Mongolia, effectively ending the Mongol dream to re-conquer China. Lan Yu was later killed by the Emperor, along", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 31 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3349435", "chunk_text": "Mongols\nIndonesian Java island and from Japan to Palestine (Gaza). They simultaneously became Padishahs of Persia, Emperors of China, and Great Khans of Mongolia, and one became Sultan of Egypt (Al-Adil Kitbugha). The Mongolic peoples of the Golden Horde established themselves to govern Russia by 1240. By 1279, they conquered the Song dynasty and brought all of China under control of the Yuan dynasty. With the breakup of the empire, the dispersed Mongolic peoples quickly adopted the mostly Turkic cultures surrounding them and were assimilated, forming parts of Azerbaijanis, Uzbeks, Karakalpaks, Tatars, Bashkirs, Turkmens, Uyghurs, Nogays, Kyrgyzs, Kazakhs, Caucasaus peoples, Iranian", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 32 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15776113", "chunk_text": "\"History of Asia\"\ncities were soon besieged by the Mongol hordes that showed little mercy for those who resisted and the Southern Song Chinese were quickly losing territory. In 1271 the current great khan, Kublai Khan, claimed himself Emperor of China and officially established the Yuan Dynasty. By 1290, all of China was under control of the Mongols, marking the first time they were ever completely conquered by a foreign invader; the new capital was established at Khanbaliq (modern-day Beijing). Kublai Khan segregated Mongol culture from Chinese culture by discouraging interactions between the two peoples, separating living spaces and places of worship, and", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 33 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "728928", "chunk_text": "\"Manchuria under Ming rule\"\nand the Qing dynasty established by his son would eventually conquer the Ming and take control of China proper. The Mongol Empire conquered all Manchuria (modern Northeast China and Outer Manchuria) in the 13th century and it was put under the rule of the Yuan dynasty established by Kublai Khan. After the overthrown of the Mongol Yuan dynasty by the Ming dynasty founded by the Han Chinese in 1368, Manchuria was still under control of the Mongols of the Northern Yuan dynasty based in Mongolia. Naghachu, a former Yuan official and a Uriankhai general of the Northern Yuan dynasty, won", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 34 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19607056", "chunk_text": "\"Sino-Tibetan relations during the Ming dynasty\"\n\"\"Khubilai wished to be perceived both as the legitimate Khan of Khans of the Mongols and as the Emperor of China. Though he had, by the early 1260s, become closely identified with China, he still, for a time, claimed universal rule\"\", and yet \"\"despite his successes in China and Korea, Khubilai was unable to have himself accepted as the Great Khan\"\". Thus, with such limited acceptance of his position as Great Khan, Kublai Khan increasingly became identified with China and sought support as Emperor of China. In 1358, the Sakya viceregal regime installed by the Mongols in Tibet was overthrown", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 35 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16699117", "chunk_text": "\"Hong Taiji\"\nHong Taiji Hong Taiji (28 November 1592 – 21 September 1643), sometimes written as Huang Taiji and formerly referred to as Abahai in Western literature, was an Emperor of the Qing dynasty. He was responsible for consolidating the empire that his father Nurhaci had founded and laid the groundwork for the conquest of the Ming dynasty, although he died before this was accomplished. He was also responsible for changing the name of his people from Jurchen to Manchu in 1635, as well as that of the dynasty from Later Jin to Qing in 1636. The Qing dynasty lasted until 1912.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 36 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1575306", "chunk_text": "\"Sino-Tibetan relations during the Ming dynasty\"\nthe Golden Horde. It describes the Yuan dynasty as \"\"A Mongol dynasty of China that ruled from 1271 to 1368, and a division of the great empire conquered by the Mongols. Founded by Kublai Khan, who adopted the Chinese dynastic name of Yüan in 1271.\"\" The \"\"Encyclopedia Americana\"\" describes the Yuan dynasty as \"\"the line of Mongol rulers in China\"\" and adds that the Mongols \"\"proclaimed a Chinese-style Yüan dynasty at Khanbaliq (Beijing).\"\" The Metropolitan Museum of Art writes that the Mongol rulers of the Yuan dynasty \"\"adopted Chinese political and cultural models; ruling from their capitals in Dadu, they", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 37 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "33930", "chunk_text": "\"History of China\"\nback to Mongolia and sustained the regime. Other Mongol Khanates in Central Asia continued to exist after the fall of Yuan dynasty in China. The Ming dynasty was founded by Zhu Yuanzhang in 1368, who proclaimed himself as the Hongwu Emperor. The capital was initially set at Nanjing, and was later moved to Beijing from Yongle Emperor's reign onward. Urbanization increased as the population grew and as the division of labor grew more complex. Large urban centers, such as Nanjing and Beijing, also contributed to the growth of private industry. In particular, small-scale industries grew up, often specializing in paper,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 38 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17767199", "chunk_text": "\"Ming dynasty\"\nfrom 1403 to 1419, including treasure ships measuring 112 m (370 ft) to 134 m (440 ft) in length and 45 m (150 ft) to 54 m (180 ft) in width. Yongle used woodblock printing to spread Chinese culture. He also used the military to expand China's borders. This included the brief occupation of Vietnam, from the initial invasion in 1406 until the Ming withdrawal in 1427 as a result of protracted guerrilla warfare led by Lê Lợi, the founder of the Vietnamese Lê dynasty. The Oirat leader Esen Tayisi launched an invasion into Ming China in July 1449. The", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 39 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10032334", "chunk_text": "\"Ming dynasty\"\npopulation was perhaps 160 million in the late Ming dynasty, while Brook estimates 175 million, and Ebrey states perhaps as large as 200 million. However, a great epidemic that entered China through the northwest in 1641 ravaged the densely populated areas along the Grand Canal; a gazetteer in northern Zhejiang noted more than half the population fell ill that year and that 90% of the local populace in one area was dead by 1642. Ming dynasty The Ming dynasty () was the ruling dynasty of China – then known as the – for 276 years (1368–1644) following the collapse of", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 40 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17252383", "chunk_text": "\"Yuan dynasty in Inner Asia\"\nand administrative rule over the region, reinforced by the rare military intervention. Tibetan Buddhism was favored as the \"\"de facto\"\" state religion of the Yuan dynasty, and the Sakya leader Drogön Chögyal Phagpa became Imperial Preceptor of Kublai Khan. Yuan control over the region ended with the Ming overthrow of the Yuan and Tai Situ Changchub Gyaltsen's revolt against the Mongols. The Mongol Empire began to rule modern-day Xinjiang during their conquest of the Qara Khitai. After the division of the Mongol Empire and the established of the Yuan dynasty by Kublai Khan, Xinjiang became a battle place between the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 41 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14639776", "chunk_text": "\"China–Mongolia relations\"\nMongolia. During the Qing conquest of the Ming, the Mongol leader Ligdan Khan allied with the Ming against the Qing until Ligdan was defeated by Qing forces and Inner Mongolia was conquered by the Qing. In 1644, the Ming Dynasty was overthrown by peasant rebels under Li Zicheng, who established the short lived Shun Dynasty which would soon be replaced by the Qing Dynasty. During the Qing rule from 1691, Inner and Outer Mongolia were incorporated into the empire. After the fall of the Qing dynasty in 1911, the Republic of China was established and Mongolia declared its independence after", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 42 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3756284", "chunk_text": "\"Chinese emperors family tree (late)\"\n1271. The dynasty was overthrown by the Ming dynasty during the reign of Toghun Temür in 1368, but it survived in Mongolia, known as the Northern Yuan dynasty; years of reign over the Northern Yuan dynasty (up to 1388) are given in brackets. It should be noted that the Mongol Great Khans (Khagans) before Kublai Khan were only declared Yuan emperors after the creation of Yuan dynasty in 1271. The following is a simplified family tree for the Ming dynasty, which ruled China between 1368 and 1644. Those who became emperor are listed in bold, with their years of reign.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 43 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2174297", "chunk_text": "\"Mongol Empire\"\nall merchants must pay commercial and property taxes, and he paid off all drafts drawn by high-ranking Mongol elites from the merchants. This policy continued under the Yuan dynasty. The fall of the Mongol Empire in the 14th century led to the collapse of the political, cultural, and economic unity along the Silk Road. Turkic tribes seized the western end of the route from the Byzantine Empire, sowing the seeds of a Turkic culture that would later crystallize into the Ottoman Empire under the Sunni faith. In the East, the native Chinese overthrew the Yuan dynasty in 1368, launching their", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 44 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8508303", "chunk_text": "\"Ming Palace\"\nMing Palace The Ming Palace (), also known as the \"\"Forbidden City of Nanjing\"\", was the 14th-century imperial palace of the early Ming dynasty, when Nanjing was the capital of China. Zhu Yuanzhang, who became the founder and first Emperor of the Ming dynasty, began building a palace in what was then known as Jiankang in 1367. At the time, he was self-styled \"\"King of Wu\"\". The palace was built outside the existing city of Jiankang, and was completed by 1368. With its completion, Zhu proclaimed the Ming Dynasty; with himself as the first emperor, known as the Hongwu Emperor;", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 45 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1172351", "chunk_text": "\"History of the Ming dynasty\"\nthe Battle of Lake Poyang in 1363. This battle was—in terms of personnel—one of the largest naval battles in history. After the dynastic head of the Red Turbans suspiciously died in 1367 while hosted as a guest of Zhu, the latter made his imperial ambitions known by sending an army toward the Yuan capital in 1368. The last Yuan emperor fled north into Mongolia and Zhu declared the founding of the Ming dynasty after razing the Yuan palaces in Dadu (present-day Beijing) to the ground. Instead of the traditional way of naming a dynasty after the first ruler's home district,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 46 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13137118", "chunk_text": "\"Economic history of China before 1912\"\nthe Mongols. By 1360, much of South China was free of Mongol rule and had been divided into regional states, such as Zhu Yuanzhang's Ming, Zhang Shichen's Wu and Chen Yolian's Han. On the other hand, North China became divided between regional warlords who were only nominally loyal to the Yuan. In 1368, after reunifying South China, the Ming dynasty advanced northward and captured Beijing, ending the Yuan. Following the unrest in the late Yuan dynasty, the peasant Zhu Yuanzhang led a rebellion against Mongol rule. He founded the Ming dynasty, whose reign is considered one of China's Golden Ages.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 47 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10065860", "chunk_text": "\"Modern history\"\npolicies the Ming Economy still suffered from an inflation due to an overabundance of Spanish New World silver entering its economy through new European colonies such as Macao. Ming China was further strained by victorious but costly wars to protect Korea from Japanese Invasion. The Qing dynasty (1644–1912) was founded after the fall of the Ming, the last Han Chinese dynasty, by the Manchus. The Manchus were formerly known as the Jurchens. When Beijing was captured by Li Zicheng's peasant rebels in 1644, the Chongzhen Emperor, the last Ming emperor, committed suicide. The Manchus then allied with former Ming general", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 48 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20716748", "chunk_text": "\"Mongol conquest of China\"\nrule. This was the first time in history that the whole of China was conquered and subsequently ruled by a foreign or non-native ruler. In the early 1200s, Temujin, soon to be Genghis Khan, began consolidating his power in Mongolia. Following the death of the Kerait leader Ong Khan to Temujin's emerging Mongol Empire in 1203, Kerait leader Nilqa Senggum led a small band of followers into Western Xia, also known as Xi-Xia. However, after his adherents took to plundering the locals, Nilqa Senggum was expelled from Western Xia territory. Using his rival Nilga Senggum's temporary refuge in Western Xia", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 49 } ]
test_3528	where does the grapes of wrath take place?	n/a	[ "Oklahoma", "California" ]	[]	n/a	n/a	n/a	[]	[ { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2779242", "chunk_text": "\"The Grapes of Wrath\"\nThe Grapes of Wrath The Grapes of Wrath is an American realist novel written by John Steinbeck and published in 1939. The book won the National Book Award and Pulitzer Prize for fiction, and it was cited prominently when Steinbeck was awarded the Nobel Prize in 1962. Set during the Great Depression, the novel focuses on the Joads, a poor family of tenant farmers driven from their Oklahoma home by drought, economic hardship, agricultural industry changes, and bank foreclosures forcing tenant farmers out of work. Due to their nearly hopeless situation, and in part because they are trapped in the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 0 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10019443", "chunk_text": "\"The Grapes of Wrath\"\nand the group worries about lessening prospects. The family dwindles as well: Grandpa dies along the road, and they bury him in a field; Grandma dies close to the California state line; and both Noah (the eldest Joad son) and Connie Rivers (the husband of the pregnant Joad daughter, Rose of Sharon) leave the family. Led by Ma, the remaining members realize they can only continue, as nothing is left for them in Oklahoma. Reaching California, they find the state oversupplied with labor; wages are low, and workers are exploited to the point of starvation. The big corporate farmers are", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 1 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13575164", "chunk_text": "\"The Grapes of Wrath\"\nby the Dust Bowl, the family has defaulted on their bank loans, and their farm has been repossessed. Consequently, the Joads see no option but to seek work in California, described in handbills as fruitful and offering high pay. The Joads put everything they have into making the journey. Although leaving Oklahoma would violate his parole, Tom decides it is worth the risk, and invites Casy to join him and his family. Traveling west on Route 66, the Joad family find the road crowded with other migrants. In makeshift camps, they hear many stories from others, some returning from California,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 2 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4985385", "chunk_text": "\"The Grapes of Wrath\"\nin collusion and smaller farmers suffer from collapsing prices. Weedpatch Camp, one of the clean, utility-supplied camps operated by the Resettlement Administration, a New Deal agency, offers better conditions but does not have enough resources to care for all the needy families. Nonetheless, as a Federal facility, the camp protects the migrants from harassment by California deputies. In response to the exploitation, Casy becomes a labor organizer and tries to recruit for a labor union. The remaining Joads work as strikebreakers in a peach orchard, where Casy is involved in a strike that eventually turns violent. When Tom Joad witnesses", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 3 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2779243", "chunk_text": "\"The Grapes of Wrath\"\nDust Bowl, the Joads set out for California. Along with thousands of other \"\"Okies\"\", they seek jobs, land, dignity, and a future. \"\"The Grapes of Wrath\"\" is frequently read in American high school and college literature classes due to its historical context and enduring legacy. A celebrated Hollywood film version, starring Henry Fonda and directed by John Ford, was released in 1940. The narrative begins just after Tom Joad is paroled from McAlester prison, where he had been imprisoned after being convicted of homicide. On his return to his home near Sallisaw, Oklahoma, Tom meets former preacher Jim Casy, whom", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 4 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12679945", "chunk_text": "\"The Grapes of Wrath (film)\"\nThe Grapes of Wrath (film) The Grapes of Wrath is a 1940 American drama film directed by John Ford. It was based on John Steinbeck's 1939 Pulitzer Prize-winning novel of the same name. The screenplay was written by Nunnally Johnson and the executive producer was Darryl F. Zanuck. The film tells the story of the Joads, an Oklahoma family, who, after losing their farm during the Great Depression in the 1930s, become migrant workers and end up in California. The motion picture details their arduous journey across the United States as they travel to California in search of work and", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 5 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13296543", "chunk_text": "\"The Grapes of Wrath (film)\"\nthe red-baiting common to the era, Darryl Zanuck sent private investigators to Oklahoma to help him legitimize the film. When Zanuck's investigators found that the \"\"Okies'\"\" predicament was indeed terrible, Zanuck was confident he could defend political attacks that the film was somehow pro-Communist. Ebert believes that World War II also helped sell the film's message, as Communism received a brief respite from American demonizing during that period. Production on the film began on October 4, 1939, and was completed on November 16, 1939. Some of the filming locations include: McAlester, Sayre both in Oklahoma; Gallup, Laguna Pueblo, and Santa", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 6 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2542075", "chunk_text": "\"The Grapes of Wrath (film)\"\nopportunities for the family members. The film is widely considered as one of the greatest American films of all time. In 1989, this film was one of the first 25 films to be selected for preservation in the United States National Film Registry by the Library of Congress as being \"\"culturally, historically, or aesthetically significant.\"\" The film opens with Tom Joad (Henry Fonda), released from prison and hitchhiking his way back to his parents' family farm in Oklahoma. Tom finds an itinerant ex-preacher named Jim Casy (John Carradine) sitting under a tree by the side of the road. Casy was", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 7 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16188552", "chunk_text": "\"The Grapes of Wrath (opera)\"\ndown Route 66. Act 2 At a diner, the Joads experiences contempt from the truckers and waitresses when they try to buy only the food they can afford, but the diner owner and waitress decide to act out of compassion. Crossing the Mojave, Granma dies during the night, but Ma keeps her death a secret until they get to California. At the Endicott Farm, the scene flashes back to 1849, when George Endicott plants his first plum tree. In the present time, growers inform the Joads that there's no work there. Another flash to 1924: George Endicott, the grandson, has", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 8 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16188551", "chunk_text": "\"The Grapes of Wrath (opera)\"\nTom Joad meets up with Jim Casy, a lapsed preacher. When they get to the deserted and destroyed Joad family farm, they discover that the bank has foreclosed on it. Tom and Jim decide to accompany the family to California, where fruit picking jobs are supposed to be plenty. Al Joad buys an old truck, and the family loads up the few possessions they can take. Connie and Rosasharn dream of a new life and home for Moses, their unborn baby. The next day the Joads bury Grampa, who has died during the night. The family then continues their journey", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 9 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5499048", "chunk_text": "\"The Grapes of Wrath (film)\"\ntoo prosperous.\"\" After some trouble with a so-called \"\"agitator\"\", the Joads leave the camp in a hurry. The Joads make their way to another migrant camp, the Keene Ranch. After doing some work in the fields, they discover the high food prices in the company store for meat and other products. The store is the only one in the area, by a long shot. Later they find a group of migrant workers are striking, and Tom wants to find out all about it. He goes to a secret meeting in the dark woods. When the meeting is discovered, Casy is", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 10 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10019441", "chunk_text": "\"The Grapes of Wrath\"\nhe remembers from his childhood, and the two travel together. When they arrive at Tom's childhood farm home, they find it deserted. Disconcerted and confused, Tom and Casy meet their old neighbor, Muley Graves, who tells them the family has gone to stay at Uncle John Joad's home nearby. Graves tells them that the banks have evicted all the farmers, but he refuses to leave the area. The next morning, Tom and Casy go to Uncle John's. Tom finds his family loading their remaining possessions into a Hudson Motor Car Company sedan converted to a truck; with their crops destroyed", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 11 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16188550", "chunk_text": "\"The Grapes of Wrath (opera)\"\nfeatured guest baritone Robert Orth reprising his role of Uncle John, which he sang with the premiere cast in 2007. Opera Theatre of St. Louis premiered a reduced, two-act version of the opera in May 2017. For this new version, the composer said that he went for \"\"a more cinematic approach\"\" and \"\"even wrote some new music.\"\" Production team \"\"Setting: Oklahoma, Southwestern United States, and California in the mid-1930s\"\" Prologue The sharecroppers recall the devastation of their native Oklahoma lands, brought about by drought and economic depression. Act 1 Having been released early from prison on parole for good behavior,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 12 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13575167", "chunk_text": "\"The Grapes of Wrath\"\nCasy's fatal beating, he kills the attacker and flees as a fugitive. The Joads later leave the orchard for a cotton farm, where Tom is at risk of being arrested for the homicide. Tom bids his mother farewell and promises to work for the oppressed. Rose of Sharon's baby is stillborn. Ma Joad remains steadfast and forces the family through the bereavement. With rain, the Joads' dwelling is flooded and they move to higher ground. In the final chapter of the book, the family takes shelter from the flood in an old barn. Inside they find a young boy and", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 13 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16188553", "chunk_text": "\"The Grapes of Wrath (opera)\"\nbecome a successful businessman. Back in the present, the locals rally – with the influx of Okie laborers, their wages have been slashed. Nearby, plums are being burned, rather than being given to the hungry croppers. The Joads continue on to a Hooverville – a squalid shantytown. Ma struggles to keep the family together. Connie regrets leaving Oklahoma and storms off, never to return. The next day, the Joad men get involved with unscrupulous contractors. A woman is killed in the struggle, and Tom knocks a deputy unconscious, violating parole. Casy volunteers to stay behind and take the blame as", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 14 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12679956", "chunk_text": "\"The Grapes of Wrath (film)\"\nRosa, all in New Mexico; Thousand Oaks, Lamont, Needles, San Fernando Valley, all in California; Topock, Petrified Forest National Park, all in Arizona. The film score by Alfred Newman is based on the song \"\"Red River Valley\"\". Additionally, the song \"\"Goin' Down The Road Feelin' Bad\"\" is sung in a nighttime scene at a labor camp. The film premiered in New York City on January 24, 1940, and Los Angeles on January 27, 1940. The wide release date in the United States was March 15, 1940. Frank Nugent of \"\"The New York Times\"\" wrote: In the vast library where the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 15 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "959517", "chunk_text": "\"John Steinbeck\"\n\"\"East of Eden\"\" (1952), and the novellas \"\"Of Mice and Men\"\" (1937) and \"\"The Red Pony\"\" (1937). The Pulitzer Prize-winning \"\"The Grapes of Wrath\"\" (1939) is considered Steinbeck's masterpiece and part of the American literary canon. In the first 75 years after it was published, it sold 14 million copies. Most of Steinbeck's work is set in central California, particularly in the Salinas Valley and the California Coast Ranges region. His works frequently explored the themes of fate and injustice, especially as applied to downtrodden or everyman protagonists. Steinbeck was born on February 27, 1902, in Salinas, California. He was", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 16 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5499058", "chunk_text": "\"The Grapes of Wrath (film)\"\nwhereas the novel focuses on their journey as a part of the \"\"family of man\"\". She points out that their farm is never shown in detail, and that the family members are never shown working in agriculture; not a single peach is shown in the entire film. This subtly serves to focus the film on the specific family, as opposed to the novel's focus on man and land together. In the film, most family members are either reduced, such as Al, Noah and Uncle John, to background characters or, like Rose of Sharon and Connie, to being the focus of", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 17 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17637190", "chunk_text": "\"The Grapes of Wrath (band)\"\ncities, and are again active as a group. \"\"Singles\"\", a greatest hits collection featuring two new recordings, was released in October 2012 by EMI in Canada. The band's most recent album, \"\"High Road\"\", was issued in 2013. The Grapes of Wrath were formed in Kelowna, British Columbia, in 1983 by Chris Hooper, Tom Hooper and Kevin Kane. All three had been members of the short-lived punk rock band Kill Pigs. They came up with the new band name after looking at a movie guide—nobody in the band had seen the movie or read the book. In 1984, they signed to", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 18 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11340532", "chunk_text": "\"The Grapes of Wrath (play)\"\nThe Grapes of Wrath (play) The Grapes of Wrath is a 1988 play adapted by Frank Galati from the classic John Steinbeck novel of the same name, with incidental music by Michael Smith. The play debuted at the Steppenwolf Theatre in Chicago, followed by a May 1989 production at the La Jolla Playhouse in San Diego and a June 1989 production at the Royal National Theatre in London. After eleven previews, the Broadway production, directed by Galati, opened on March 22, 1990 at the Cort Theatre, where it ran for 188 performances. The cast included Gary Sinise, Kathryn Erbe, Terry", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 19 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16188554", "chunk_text": "\"The Grapes of Wrath (opera)\"\nthe Joads escape to the truck. Noah Joad, feeling himself a burden on the family, goes to the creek and drowns himself. Act 3 Newly relocated at a clean, self-policing government camp, the Joads feel like people again. Local farm owners send in agitators to cause a fight during a hoedown so they can close down the camp, but the croppers remain peaceful. Pa persuades the Joads to go to a new farm. They realize that they have been brought in as scabs, triggering a riot outside the camp. Tom meets up with Jim Casy, now an agitator for farm", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 20 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9401229", "chunk_text": "\"The Grapes of Wrath\"\nGalati. Gary Sinise played Tom Joad for its entire run of 188 performances on Broadway in 1990. One of these performances was filmed and shown on PBS the following year. In 1990, the Illegitimate Players theater company in Chicago produced \"\"Of Grapes and Nuts\"\", an original, satirical mash-up of \"\"The Grapes of Wrath\"\" and Steinbeck's acclaimed novella \"\"Of Mice and Men\"\". The Grapes of Wrath The Grapes of Wrath is an American realist novel written by John Steinbeck and published in 1939. The book won the National Book Award and Pulitzer Prize for fiction, and it was cited prominently when", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 21 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11340533", "chunk_text": "\"The Grapes of Wrath (play)\"\nKinney, Jeff Perry, Lois Smith, Francis Guinan, and Stephen Bogardus. The Grapes of Wrath (play) The Grapes of Wrath is a 1988 play adapted by Frank Galati from the classic John Steinbeck novel of the same name, with incidental music by Michael Smith. The play debuted at the Steppenwolf Theatre in Chicago, followed by a May 1989 production at the La Jolla Playhouse in San Diego and a June 1989 production at the Royal National Theatre in London. After eleven previews, the Broadway production, directed by Galati, opened on March 22, 1990 at the Cort Theatre, where it ran for", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 22 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2542081", "chunk_text": "\"The Grapes of Wrath (film)\"\nwhen the engine overheats due to a broken fan belt; they have little gas, but decide to try coasting down the hill to some lights. The lights are from a third type of camp: Farmworkers' Wheat Patch Camp (Weedpatch in the book), a clean camp run by the Department of Agriculture, complete with indoor toilets and showers, which the Joad children had never seen before. Tom is moved to work for change by what he has witnessed in the various camps. He tells his family that he plans to carry on Casy's mission in the world by fighting for social", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 23 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5499055", "chunk_text": "\"The Grapes of Wrath (film)\"\nbreak-up of the Joad family, the film switches the order of sequences so that the family ends up in a \"\"good\"\" camp provided by the government, and events turn out relatively well. The novel's original ending was considered far too controversial to be included in the film. In the novel, Rose-of-Sharon (\"\"Rosasharn\"\") Rivers (played in the film by Dorris Bowdon) gives birth to a stillborn baby. Later she offers her milk-filled breasts to a starving man, dying in a barn. These scenes were not included in the film. While the film is somewhat stark, it has a more optimistic and", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 24 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10019449", "chunk_text": "\"The Grapes of Wrath\"\ntakes over, rising in Casy's place as the Christ figure risen from the dead. However, the religious imagery is not limited to these two characters. Scholars have regularly inspected other characters and plot points within the novel, including Ma Joad, Rose of Sharon, Rose of Sharon's stillborn child, and Uncle John. In an article first published in 2009, Ken Eckert even compared the migrant's movement west as a reversed version of the slaves' escape from Egypt in Exodus. Many of these extreme interpretations are brought on by Steinbeck's own documented beliefs, which Eckert himself refers to as \"\"unorthodox\"\". Steinbeck was", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 25 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2542085", "chunk_text": "\"The Grapes of Wrath (film)\"\nSairy Wilson, who attend to Grandpa's death and travel with the Joads until they reach California, are left out of the movie. Noah's departure from the family is passed over in the movie. Instead, he simply disappears without explanation. In the book, Floyd tells Tom about how the workers were being exploited, but in the movie he does not appear until after the deputy arrives in Hooverville. Sandry, the religious fanatic who scares Rose of Sharon, is left out of the movie. Vivian Sobchack argued that the film uses visual imagery to focus on the Joads as a family unit,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 26 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5499046", "chunk_text": "\"The Grapes of Wrath (film)\"\neverything into a dilapidated 1926 Hudson \"\"Super Six\"\" sedan adapted to serve as a truck in order to make the long journey to the promised land of California. The trip along Highway 66 is arduous, and it soon takes a toll on the Joad family. The elderly Grandpa (Charley Grapewin) dies along the way. Tom writes the circumstances surrounding the death on a page from the family Bible and places it on the body before they bury it so that if his remains were found, his death would not be investigated as a possible homicide. They park in a camp", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 27 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16188547", "chunk_text": "\"The Grapes of Wrath (opera)\"\nThe Grapes of Wrath (opera) The Grapes of Wrath is an opera in three acts composed by Ricky Ian Gordon to a libretto by Michael Korie based on John Steinbeck’s 1939 novel of the same title. It premiered on February 10, 2007 at the Ordway Center for the Performing Arts in Saint Paul, Minnesota in a production by Minnesota Opera. The work has been revised in subsequent years and has also been performed as a two-act concert version. Originally commissioned by the Minnesota Opera and co-produced with Utah Symphony – Utah Opera, the Minnesota Opera production had its premiere February", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 28 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4985390", "chunk_text": "\"The Grapes of Wrath\"\narticles that ran in the \"\"San Francisco News\"\", from October 5 to 12, 1936. The newspaper commissioned that work on migrant workers from the Midwest in California's agriculture industry. (It was later compiled and published separately.) While writing the novel at his home, 16250 Greenwood Lane, in what is now Monte Sereno, California, Steinbeck had unusual difficulty devising a title. \"\"The Grapes of Wrath,\"\" suggested by his wife Carol Steinbeck, was deemed more suitable than anything by the author. The title is a reference to lyrics from \"\"The Battle Hymn of the Republic\"\", by Julia Ward Howe (emphasis added): These", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 29 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12573232", "chunk_text": "\"John Steinbeck\"\n\"\"The Pearl\"\", \"\"Of Mice and Men\"\" is one of Steinbeck's best known works. It was made into a movie three times, in 1939 starring Burgess Meredith, Lon Chaney Jr., and Betty Field, in 1982 starring Randy Quaid, Robert Blake and Ted Neeley, and in 1992 starring Gary Sinise and John Malkovich. The \"\"Grapes of Wrath\"\" is set in the Great Depression and describes a family of sharecroppers, the Joads, who were driven from their land due to the dust storms of the Dust Bowl. The title is a reference to the Battle Hymn of the Republic. Some critics found it", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 30 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15282972", "chunk_text": "\"The Grapes of Wrath (film)\"\nthe preacher who baptized Tom, but now Casy has \"\"lost the spirit\"\" and his faith. Casy goes with Tom to the Joad property only to find it deserted. There, they meet Muley Graves (John Qualen) who is hiding out. In a flashback, he describes how farmers all over the area were forced from their farms by the deed holders of the land. A local boy (John Arledge), hired for the purpose, is shown knocking down Muley's house with a Caterpillar tractor. The large Joad family of twelve leaves at daybreak, along with Casy, who decides to accompany them. They pack", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 31 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16188555", "chunk_text": "\"The Grapes of Wrath (opera)\"\nworkers' rights. When Casy is bludgeoned to death by a deputy, Tom kills him and goes into hiding. The remaining Joads find work picking cotton and taking shelter in a boxcar. During the rainy season, Rosasharn goes into labor, but delivers a stillborn child. Ma asks Uncle John to go bury Moses while Rosasharn recovers to ease her pain; Uncle John instead chooses to cast Moses' dead body into the river so that everyone can see \"\"the fruits of their blindness.\"\" The raging river has flooded the remaining Joads out of their home. The truck is swept away in the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 32 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5499047", "chunk_text": "\"The Grapes of Wrath (film)\"\nand meet a man, a migrant returning from California, who laughs at Pa's optimism about conditions in California. He speaks bitterly about his experiences in the West. Grandma (Zeffie Tilbury) dies when they reach California, the son Noah (Frank Sully) and son-in-law Connie (Eddie Quillan) also leave the family group. The family arrives at the first transient migrant campground for workers and finds the camp is crowded with other starving, jobless and desperate travelers. Their truck slowly makes its way through the dirt road between the shanty houses and around the camp's hungry-faced inhabitants. Tom says, \"\"Sure don't look none", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 33 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13027664", "chunk_text": "\"The Grapes of Wrath (opera)\"\nwater, and Al is lost when he goes after it. Ma, Pa, Ruthie, Winfield, and a very weak Rosasharn seek refuge in a barn, where they find a boy and his starving father. Ma intuitively knows what Rosasharn must do, and ushers everyone else outside. Rosasharn nourishes the starving man with milk from her breast. Act 1 Act 2 Act 3 The revised two-act concert version premiered at Carnegie Hall in New York City on March 22, 2010, with Ted Sperling conducting the American Symphony Orchestra and the Collegiate Chorale. Cast Production team A song book featuring 16 arias from", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 34 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10019456", "chunk_text": "\"The Grapes of Wrath\"\n1940. In that month it won the National Book Award, favorite fiction book of 1939, voted by members of the American Booksellers Association. Soon it won the Pulitzer Prize for Fiction. The book was noted for Steinbeck's passionate depiction of the plight of the poor, and many of his contemporaries attacked his social and political views. Bryan Cordyack writes, \"\"Steinbeck was attacked as a propagandist and a socialist from both the left and the right of the political spectrum. The most fervent of these attacks came from the Associated Farmers of California; they were displeased with the book's depiction of", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 35 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4985387", "chunk_text": "\"The Grapes of Wrath\"\nhis father, who is dying of starvation. Rose of Sharon takes pity on the man and offers him her breast milk to save him from starvation. Many scholars note Steinbeck for his many uses of Christian imagery within \"\"The Grapes of Wrath.\"\" The largest implications lie with Tom Joad and Jim Casy, who are both interpreted as Christ-like figures at certain intervals within the novel. These two are often interpreted together, with Jim Casy representing Jesus Christ in the early days of his ministry, up until his death, which is interpreted as representing the death of Christ. From there, Tom", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 36 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2542080", "chunk_text": "\"The Grapes of Wrath (film)\"\nkilled by one of the camp guards. As Tom tries to defend Casy from the attack, he inadvertently kills the guard. Tom suffers a serious wound on his cheek, and the camp guards realize it will not be difficult to identify him. That evening the family hides Tom under the mattresses of the truck just as guards arrive to question them; they are searching for the man who killed the guard. Tom avoids being spotted and the family leaves the Keene Ranch without further incident. After driving for a while, they have to stop at the top of a hill", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 37 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3893132", "chunk_text": "\"Weedpatch, California\"\n1874, the community began only in 1922. The town was also named Alexander's Corner in honor of Cal Alexander, a resident. Weedpatch is the site of the Arvin Federal Government Camp, known colloquially (and in the John Steinbeck novel \"\"The Grapes of Wrath)\"\" as \"\"Weedpatch Camp.\"\" This camp was a government rescue center for distressed migrant workers fleeing the Oklahoma Dust Bowl, during the Great Depression. The camp still aids migrant workers. The camp is south of Weedpatch on Sunset just off Weedpatch Hwy. The 2010 United States Census reported that Weedpatch had a population of 2,658, with a median", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 38 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2542099", "chunk_text": "\"The Grapes of Wrath (film)\"\nof Daryl F. Zanuck, outtakes, a gallery, Franklin D. Roosevelt lauds motion pictures at Academy featurette, Movietone news: three drought reports from 1934, etc. The film was released on Blu-ray on April 3, 2012, and features all supplemental material from the DVD release. The Grapes of Wrath (film) The Grapes of Wrath is a 1940 American drama film directed by John Ford. It was based on John Steinbeck's 1939 Pulitzer Prize-winning novel of the same name. The screenplay was written by Nunnally Johnson and the executive producer was Darryl F. Zanuck. The film tells the story of the Joads, an", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 39 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16188557", "chunk_text": "\"The Grapes of Wrath (opera)\"\n\"\"Grapes of Wrath\"\" was published by Carl Fischer Music in 2010. Some are expanded versions of arias which were shortened or cut in the most recent edition of the opera. Articles and reviews Video, audio, photographs The Grapes of Wrath (opera) The Grapes of Wrath is an opera in three acts composed by Ricky Ian Gordon to a libretto by Michael Korie based on John Steinbeck’s 1939 novel of the same title. It premiered on February 10, 2007 at the Ordway Center for the Performing Arts in Saint Paul, Minnesota in a production by Minnesota Opera. The work has been", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 40 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2000784", "chunk_text": "\"American literature\"\n(1902–1968) was born in Salinas, California, where he set many of his stories. His style was simple and evocative, winning him the favor of the readers but not of the critics. Steinbeck often wrote about poor, working-class people and their struggle to lead a decent and honest life. \"\"The Grapes of Wrath\"\", considered his masterpiece, is a strong, socially-oriented novel that tells the story of the Joads, a poor family from Oklahoma and their journey to California in search of a better life. Other popular novels include \"\"Tortilla Flat\"\", \"\"Of Mice and Men\"\", \"\"Cannery Row\"\", and \"\"East of Eden\"\". He", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 41 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10927230", "chunk_text": "\"Fred Ross\"\nCoachella Valley. In John Steinbeck's famous novel, \"\"The Grapes of Wrath\"\", Steinbeck describes the journey and tribulations of the Joad family, a group of migrant workers looking for work in California. He describes a labor camp that was based on a real camp in Arvin. Fred Ross Sr. was placed in charge of this camp shortly after Steinbeck left the area. Ross was later promoted to cover about 25 camps similar to this one all over California and Arizona. In the camps, Ross saw the poverty and poor working conditions experienced by the workers. He found in his heart the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 42 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13575174", "chunk_text": "\"The Grapes of Wrath\"\nlyrics refer, in turn, to the biblical passage Revelation 14:19–20, an apocalyptic appeal to divine justice and deliverance from oppression in the final judgment. This and other biblical passages had inspired a long tradition of imagery of Christ in the winepress, in various media. The passage reads: The phrase also appears at the end of chapter 25 in Steinbeck's book, which describes the purposeful destruction of food to keep the price high: The image invoked by the title serves as a crucial symbol in the development of both the plot and the novel's greater thematic concerns: from the terrible winepress", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 43 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13197636", "chunk_text": "\"Needles, California\"\nentire Fred Harvey chain. The landmark building is on the National Register of Historic Places and is being restored. Needles was a major stop on the historic U.S. Route 66 highway from the 1920s through the 1960s. For immigrants from the Midwest Dust Bowl in the 1930s, it was the first town that marked their arrival in California. The city is lined with motels and other shops from that era. The \"\"Carty's Camp\"\", which appears briefly in \"\"The Grapes of Wrath\"\" as the Joad family enters California from Arizona, is now a ghost tourist court, its remains located behind the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 44 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3874109", "chunk_text": "\"Operation Grapes of Wrath\"\nOperation Grapes of Wrath Operation \"\"Grapes of Wrath\"\" () is the Israeli Defense Forces code-name (referred to as April War by Hezbollah) for a sixteen-day campaign against Lebanon in 1996 which attempted to end rocket attacks on Northern Israel by Hezbollah. Israel conducted more than 1,100 air raids and extensive shelling (some 25,000 shells). A UN Interim Force compound at Qana was hit when Israeli artillery fired on Hezbollah forces operating nearby. 639 Hezbollah cross-border rocket attacks targeted northern Israel, particularly the town of Kiryat Shemona (HRW 1997). Hezbollah forces also participated in numerous engagements with Israeli and South Lebanon", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 45 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4401000", "chunk_text": "\"Dust Bowl\"\nGreat Depression had rendered economic conditions there little better than those they had left. The Dust Bowl has been the subject of many cultural works, notably the novel \"\"The Grapes of Wrath\"\" (1939) by John Steinbeck, the folk music of Woody Guthrie, and photographs depicting the conditions of migrants by Dorothea Lange. The Dust Bowl area lies principally west of the 100th meridian on the High Plains, characterized by plains which vary from rolling in the north to flat in the Llano Estacado. Elevation ranges from in the east to at the base of the Rocky Mountains. The area is", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 46 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14460445", "chunk_text": "\"Operation Grapes of Wrath\"\nCommittee for the Implementation of the \"\"Grapes of Wrath\"\" Understandings was set up, comprising representatives from the U.S., France, Syria, Israel and Lebanon. The committee convenes to monitor and discuss infringements of the understandings by the two sides. The phrase \"\"grapes of wrath\"\" is a reference from the Book of Revelation (chapter 14 verses 19 and 20). It was a well-known idea in 19th century American Christian eschatology and also appears in the abolitionist hymn The Battle Hymn of the Republic: <poem>Mine eyes have seen the glory of the coming of the Lord: He is trampling out the vintage where", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 47 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11118823", "chunk_text": "\"Pretty Boy Floyd\"\nGuthrie's \"\"The Ballad of Pretty Boy Floyd\"\". In John Steinbeck's 1939 novel \"\"The Grapes of Wrath\"\", the character Ma Joad refers several times to Pretty Boy Floyd as a young man driven to a tragic fate by social injustice and the Great Depression: \"\"Pretty Boy Floyd, \"\" a fictionalized account of Floyd's life by Larry McMurtry and Diana Ossana was published in 1995. () Dick Tracy's most famous adversary, Flattop Jones, has many similarities to Pretty Boy Floyd. Flattop claims to be a freelancer from the \"\"Crookston Hills\"\" (parody of Cookson Hills in Oklahoma), and the comic strip references Flattop's", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 48 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17078035", "chunk_text": "\"River of Earth\"\nlocated in Knott County, Kentucky, where Still lived for about 50 years. Many issues arise from a discussion of the differences and similarities between \"\"River of Earth\"\" and \"\"Grapes of Wrath\"\". Critic Dean Cadle notes that these are the only books chronicling the demoralizing Depression years; Steinbeck’s novel about the dust bowl/1929 crash/depression era, while Still is writing about traumas that span the existence of mountain people in America. Similarly, Ted Olson suggests the work relies on the theme of working-class families vs. socio-economic political systems. Douglas Reichert Powell claims that national epics are about the inevitability of displacement and", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 49 } ]
test_3529	who wrote the declaration of man and citizen?	n/a	[ "General Lafayette", "Honoré Mirabeau", "Thomas Jefferson" ]	[]	n/a	n/a	n/a	[]	[ { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4710981", "chunk_text": "\"Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen\"\nDeclaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen The Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen (), set by France's National Constituent Assembly in 1789, is a human civil rights document from the French Revolution. The Declaration was drafted by the Abbé Sieyès and the Marquis de Lafayette, in consultation with Thomas Jefferson. Influenced by the doctrine of \"\"natural right\"\", the rights of man are held to be universal: valid at all times and in every place, pertaining to human nature itself. It became the basis for a nation of free individuals protected equally by", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 0 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4710983", "chunk_text": "\"Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen\"\nthe document emerged largely from the ideals of the Enlightenment. The key drafts were prepared by Lafayette, working at times with his close friend Thomas Jefferson. In August 1789, Honoré Mirabeau played a central role in conceptualizing and drafting the Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen. The last article of the Declaration of the Rights of Man and the Citizen was adopted on the 26 of August 1789 by the National Constituent Assembly, during the period of the French Revolution, as the first step toward writing a constitution for France. Inspired by the Enlightenment, the original", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 1 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4710984", "chunk_text": "\"Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen\"\nversion of the Declaration was discussed by the representatives on the basis of a 24 article draft proposed by , led by . The draft was later modified during the debates. A second and lengthier declaration, known as the Declaration of the Rights of Man and Citizen of 1793, was written in 1793 but never formally adopted. The concepts in the Declaration come from the philosophical and political duties of the Enlightenment, such as individualism, the social contract as theorized by the Genevan philosopher Rousseau, and the separation of powers espoused by the Baron de Montesquieu. As can be seen", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 2 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12154549", "chunk_text": "\"United States Declaration of Independence\"\ndocuments\"\", wrote Pauline Maier, \"\"is there any evidence whatsoever that the Declaration of Independence lived in men's minds as a classic statement of American political principles.\"\" Many leaders of the French Revolution admired the Declaration of Independence but were also interested in the new American state constitutions. The inspiration and content of the French Declaration of the Rights of Man and Citizen (1789) emerged largely from the ideals of the American Revolution. Its key drafts were prepared by Lafayette, working closely in Paris with his friend Thomas Jefferson. It also borrowed language from George Mason's Virginia Declaration of Rights. The", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 3 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4710982", "chunk_text": "\"Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen\"\nthe law. It is included in the beginning of the constitutions of both the Fourth French Republic (1946) and Fifth Republic (1958) and is still current. Inspired by the Enlightenment philosophers, the Declaration was a core statement of the values of the French Revolution and had a major impact on the development of freedom and democracy in Europe and worldwide. The Declaration, together with Magna Carta, the English Bill of Rights, the United States Declaration of Independence and the United States Bill of Rights, inspired in large part the 1948 United Nations Universal Declaration of Human Rights. The content of", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 4 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6372592", "chunk_text": "\"Gouverneur Morris\"\nGouverneur Morris Gouverneur Morris I (30 January 1752 – 6 November 1816) was an American statesman, a Founding Father of the United States, and a signatory to the Articles of Confederation and the United States Constitution. He wrote the Preamble to the United States Constitution and has been called the \"\"Penman of the Constitution.\"\" In an era when most Americans thought of themselves as citizens of their respective states, Morris advanced the idea of being a citizen of a single union of states. He represented New York in the United States Senate from 1800 to 1803. Morris was born into", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 5 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9637814", "chunk_text": "\"Declaration of the Causes and Necessity of Taking Up Arms\"\nthe late Violation of it\"\", and will \"\"lay them down when Hostilities shall cease on the part of the Aggressors\"\". The very first sentence of the declaration includes a condemnation of slavery. In the 19th century, the authorship of the Declaration was disputed. In a collection of his works first published in 1801, John Dickinson took credit for writing the Declaration. This claim went unchallenged by Thomas Jefferson until many years later, when Jefferson was nearly 80 years old. In his autobiography, Jefferson claimed that he wrote the first draft, but Dickinson objected that it was too radical, and so", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 6 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6883853", "chunk_text": "\"Declaration of the Rights of Woman and of the Female Citizen\"\nattention to a set of feminist concerns that collectively reflected and influenced the aims of many French Revolution activists. The Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen was adopted in 1789 by the National Constituent Assembly (\"\"Assemblée nationale constituante\"\"), during the French revolution . Prepared and proposed by the marquis de Lafayette, the declaration asserted that all men \"\"are born and remain free and equal in rights\"\" and that these rights were universal. The Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen became a key human rights document and a classic formulation of the rights", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 7 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4408102", "chunk_text": "\"George Mason\"\nday Constitutional law was his influence on our Bill of Rights\"\". Mason's legacy extended overseas, doing so even in his lifetime, and though he never visited Europe, his ideals did. Lafayette's \"\"Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen\"\" was written in the early days of the French Revolution under the influence of Jefferson, the U.S. Minister to France. According to historian R.R. Palmer, \"\"there was in fact a remarkable parallel between the French Declaration and the Virginia Declaration of 1776\"\". Another scholar, Richard Morris, concurred, deeming the resemblance between the two texts \"\"too close to be coincidental\"\":", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 8 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13046381", "chunk_text": "\"Declaration of the Rights of Woman and of the Female Citizen\"\nDeclaration of the Rights of Woman and of the Female Citizen The Declaration of the Rights of Woman and the Female Citizen (French: \"\"Déclaration des droits de la femme et de la citoyenne\"\"), also known as the Declaration of the Rights of Woman, was written on 5 September in 1791 by French activist, feminist, and playwright Olympe de Gouges in response to the Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen. By publishing this document, de Gouges hoped to expose the failures of the French Revolution in the recognition of sexual equality, but failed to create any lasting", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 9 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2597672", "chunk_text": "\"Global citizenship\"\nlaw : The opening of the United States Declaration of Independence, written by Thomas Jefferson in 1776, states as follows: \"\"Global citizenship in the United States\"\" was a term used by former U.S. President Barack Obama in 2008 in a speech in Berlin. In general, a world citizen is a person who places global citizenship above any nationalistic or local identities and relationships. An early expression of this value is found in Diogenes of Sinope (c. 412 B.C.; mentioned above), the founding father of the Cynic movement in Ancient Greece. Of Diogenes it is said: \"\"Asked where he came from,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 10 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13046390", "chunk_text": "\"Declaration of the Rights of Woman and of the Female Citizen\"\nfollowed by her \"\"\"\" (\"\",\"\" named after a famous work of Jean-Jacques Rousseau), proposing marriage based upon gender equality. The Declaration of the Rights of Woman and the Female Citizen was published in 1791 and is modeled on the Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen of 1789. Olympe de Gouges dedicated the text to Marie Antoinette, whom de Gouges described as \"\"the most detested\"\" of women. The Declaration is ironic in formulation. It states that \"\"This revolution will only take effect when all women become fully aware of their deplorable condition, and of the rights they", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 11 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20598064", "chunk_text": "\"Sheffield Declaration\"\nDr. Lemuel Bernard, Aaron Root, Major John Fellows, Philip Callender, Capt. William Day, Deacon Ebenezer Smith, Capt. Daniel Austin, Capt. Stephen Dewey, and Theodore Sedgwick, who wrote the text. The Declaration's was that \"\"Mankind in a state of nature are equal, free, and independent of each other, and have a right to the undisturbed enjoyment of their lives, their liberty and property,\"\" These words are echoed in the most famous line of Thomas Jefferson's Declaration of Independence three years later: \"\"We hold these truths to be self-evident, that all men are created equal, that they are endowed by their Creator", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 12 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15519056", "chunk_text": "\"Declaration of the Rights of the Man and of the Citizen of 1793\"\nwritten by the commission that included Louis Antoine Léon de Saint-Just and Marie-Jean Hérault de Séchelles during the period of the French Revolution. The main distinction between the Declaration of 1793 and the Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen of 1789 is its egalitarian tendency: equality is the prevailing right in this declaration. The 1793 version included new rights, and revisions to prior ones: to work, to public assistance, to education, and to resist oppression. The text was mainly written by Hérault de Séchelles, whose style and writing can be found on most of the documents", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 13 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4710987", "chunk_text": "\"Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen\"\npractice of the West or even France at the time. The declaration emerged in the late 18th century out of war and revolution. It encountered opposition as democracy and individual rights were frequently regarded as synonymous with anarchy and subversion. The declaration embodies ideals and aspirations towards which France pledged to struggle in the future. The Declaration is introduced by a preamble describing the fundamental characteristics of the rights which are qualified as being \"\"natural, unalienable and sacred\"\" and consisting of \"\"simple and incontestable principles\"\" on which citizens could base their demands. In the second article, \"\"the natural and imprescriptible", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 14 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "888882", "chunk_text": "\"Declaration of the Rights of the Man and of the Citizen of 1793\"\nDeclaration of the Rights of the Man and of the Citizen of 1793 The Declaration of the Rights of the Man and of the Citizen of 1793 (French: \"\"Déclaration des droits de l'Homme et du citoyen de 1793\"\") is a French political document that preceded that country's first republican constitution. The Declaration and Constitution were ratified by popular vote in July 1793, and officially adopted on 10 August; however, they never went into effect, and the constitution was officially suspended on 10 October. It is unclear whether this suspension was thought to effect the Declaration as well. The Declaration was", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 15 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4711004", "chunk_text": "\"Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen\"\narticles of the Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen point for point and has been described by Camille Naish as \"\"almost a parody... of the original document\"\". The first article of the Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen proclaims that \"\"Men are born and remain free and equal in rights. Social distinctions may be based only on common utility.\"\" The first article of Declaration of the Rights of Woman and the Female Citizen replied: \"\"Woman is born free and remains equal to man in rights. Social distinctions may only be based on", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 16 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4711000", "chunk_text": "\"Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen\"\nthe passive citizens to go to work. The act appears condescending to the passive citizen and it revisits the reasons why the French Revolution began in the first place. Women, in particular, were strong passive citizens who played a significant role in the Revolution. Olympe de Gouges penned her Declaration of the Rights of Woman and the Female Citizen in 1791 and drew attention to the need for gender equality. By supporting the ideals of the French Revolution and wishing to expand them to women, she represented herself as a revolutionary citizen. Madame Roland also established herself as an influential", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 17 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8610731", "chunk_text": "\"Rights of Man\"\ninstitution of monarchy should not be historically traced from 1688, but from 1066, when William of Normandy forcibly imposed his Norman rule upon Englishmen. Thomas Paine's intellectual influence is perceptible in the two great political revolutions of the eighteenth century. He dedicated \"\"Rights of Man\"\" to George Washington and to the Marquis de Lafayette, acknowledging the importance of the American and the French revolutions in his formulating the principles of modern democratic governance. Thus, the \"\"Declaration of the Rights of Man and Citizen\"\" (\"\"Déclaration des droits de l'Homme et du citoyen\"\") can be encapsulated so: (1) Men are born, and", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 18 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6883882", "chunk_text": "\"Declaration of the Rights of Woman and of the Female Citizen\"\nthe solution, as well. Declaration of the Rights of Woman and of the Female Citizen The Declaration of the Rights of Woman and the Female Citizen (French: \"\"Déclaration des droits de la femme et de la citoyenne\"\"), also known as the Declaration of the Rights of Woman, was written on 5 September in 1791 by French activist, feminist, and playwright Olympe de Gouges in response to the Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen. By publishing this document, de Gouges hoped to expose the failures of the French Revolution in the recognition of sexual equality, but failed", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 19 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6883877", "chunk_text": "\"Declaration of the Rights of Woman and of the Female Citizen\"\nWoman\"\", it was used extensively in the modeling of the \"\"Declaration of Sentiments\"\", written by Elizabeth Cady Stanton and others at the Seneca Falls Convention, held in the summer of 1848. \"\"The Declaration of Sentiments\"\", much like \"\"the\"\" \"\"Declaration of the Rights of Woman\"\" was written in the style of the \"\"Declaration of the Rights of Man\"\", was written in the style of the \"\"Declaration of Independence\"\" of the United States. In her \"\"Declaration\"\", de Gouges is forceful and sarcastic in tone and militant in spirit. Meant to be a document ensuring universal rights, \"\"The Declaration of the Rights of", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 20 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4711003", "chunk_text": "\"Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen\"\nthe Declaration of the Rights of Woman and the Female Citizen in September 1791. The Declaration of the Rights of Woman and the Female Citizen is modeled on the Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen and is ironic in formulation and exposes the failure of the French Revolution, which had been devoted to equality. It states that: This revolution will only take effect when all women become fully aware of their deplorable condition, and of the rights, they have lost in society. The Declaration of the Rights of Woman and the Female Citizen follows the seventeen", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 21 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16016650", "chunk_text": "\"Thomas Jefferson\"\nThomas Jefferson Thomas Jefferson (April 13, [O.S. April 2] 1743 – July 4, 1826) was an American Founding Father, the principal author of the Declaration of Independence, and the third President of the United States from 1801 to 1809. Previously, he had been elected the second Vice President of the United States, serving under John Adams from 1797 to 1801. Jefferson was a proponent of democracy, republicanism, and individual rights motivating American colonists to break from the Kingdom of Great Britain and form a new nation; he produced formative documents and decisions at both the state and national level. Jefferson", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 22 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11873956", "chunk_text": "\"All men are created equal\"\nasked Benjamin Franklin, Thomas Jefferson, John Adams, Robert Livingston, and Roger Sherman to write the Declaration of Independence. This Committee of Five voted to have Thomas Jefferson write the document. After Jefferson finished he gave the document to Franklin to proof. Franklin suggested minor changes, one of which stands out far more than the others: \"\"We hold these truths to be sacred and un-deniable...\"\" became \"\"We hold these truths to be self-evident.\"\" The second paragraph of the United States Declaration of Independence starts as follows: The Virginia Declaration of Rights, chiefly authored by George Mason and approved by the Virginia", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 23 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2685470", "chunk_text": "\"Thomas Paine\"\nThomas Paine Thomas Paine (born Thomas Pain) – June 8, 1809) was an English-born American political activist, philosopher, political theorist and revolutionary. One of the Founding Fathers of the United States, he authored the two most influential pamphlets at the start of the American Revolution and inspired the patriots in 1776 to declare independence from Britain. His ideas reflected Enlightenment-era ideals of transnational human rights. Saul K. Padover described him as \"\"a corsetmaker by trade, a journalist by profession, and a propagandist by inclination\"\". Born in Thetford in the English county of Norfolk, Paine migrated to the British American colonies", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 24 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11502507", "chunk_text": "\"Gilbert du Motier, Marquis de Lafayette\"\npower. Lafayette was the author of the Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen in 1789 and a staunch opponent of slavery. His work never specifically mentioned slavery, but he made his position clear on the controversial topic through letters addressed to friends and colleagues such as Washington and Jefferson. He proposed that slaves not be owned but rather work as free tenants on the land of plantation owners, and he bought a plantation in the French colony of Cayenne in 1785 to put his ideas into practice, ordering that no slaves be bought or sold. He", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 25 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4711007", "chunk_text": "\"Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen\"\nof Saint-Domingue by sending in thousands of troops. After suffering the losses of two-thirds of the men, many to yellow fever, the French withdrew from Saint-Domingue in 1803. Napoleon gave up on North America and agreed to the Louisiana Purchase by the United States. In 1804, the leaders of Saint-Domingue declared it as an independent state, the Republic of Haiti, the second republic of the New World. The Declaration has also influenced and inspired rights-based liberal democracy throughout the world. It was translated as soon as 1793–1794 by Colombian Antonio Nariño, who published it despite the Inquisition. He was sentenced", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 26 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1640210", "chunk_text": "\"French Revolution\"\nand also no longer paid the tithe to the church. Furet emphasises that the decisions of August 1789 survived and became an integral part of The old judicial system, based on the 13 regional parlements, was suspended in November 1789, and officially abolished in September 1790. The main institutional pillars of the old regime had vanished overnight. On 26 August 1789 the Assembly published the Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen, which comprised a statement of principles rather than a constitution with legal effect. The Declaration was directly influenced by Thomas Jefferson working with General Lafayette,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 27 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3994082", "chunk_text": "\"Richard McKeon\"\nRichard McKeon Richard McKeon (; April 26, 1900 – March 31, 1985) was an American philosopher and longtime professor at the University of Chicago. His ideas formed the basis for the UN's Universal Declaration of Human Rights. McKeon obtained his undergraduate degree from Columbia University in 1920, graduating at the early age of 20 despite serving briefly in the U.S. Navy during the First World War. Continuing at Columbia, he completed a Master's thesis on Leo Tolstoy, Benedetto Croce, and George Santayana, also in 1920, and a doctoral thesis on Baruch Spinoza in 1922. In his doctoral studies, McKeon's mentors", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 28 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9434756", "chunk_text": "\"Declaration of the People of Virginia\"\nuntill further order, and in case of opposition, if you want any further assistance you are forthwith to demand itt in the name of the people in all the Counties of Virginia.\"\" The Declaration was signed \"\"Nathaniel Bacon, General by Consent of the people.\"\" Declaration of the People of Virginia The Declaration of the People of Virginia (or simply Declaration of the People) was a list of complaints issued by Nathaniel Bacon on July 30, 1676, in which he proclaims Virginia's colonial governor, William Berkeley, corrupt and expresses his displeasure at what his followers regarded as unjust taxation and the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 29 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11926089", "chunk_text": "\"Rights of Man\"\nGovernment's sole purpose is safeguarding the individual and his/her inherent, inalienable rights; each societal institution that does not benefit the nation is illegitimate—especially monarchy and aristocracy. The book's acumen derives from the Age of Enlightenment and has been linked to the \"\"Second Treatise of Government\"\", by John Locke (even though Paine himself claimed to have never read this work). The fuller development of this position seems to have been worked out one night in France after an evening spent with Thomas Jefferson, and possibly Lafayette, discussing a pamphlet by the Philadelphia conservative James Wilson on the proposed federal constitution. \"\"Rights", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 30 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15519063", "chunk_text": "\"Declaration of the Rights of the Man and of the Citizen of 1793\"\nand for each portion of the people the most sacred of rights and the most indispensable of duties.\"\" Though this declaration was never enforced (like the Constitution of 1793), history has shown that the French people have followed this advice with many successful (1830, 1848) and unsuccessful (1832, 1870) revolutions throughout the 19th century. Declaration of the Rights of the Man and of the Citizen of 1793 The Declaration of the Rights of the Man and of the Citizen of 1793 (French: \"\"Déclaration des droits de l'Homme et du citoyen de 1793\"\") is a French political document that preceded that", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 31 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9434751", "chunk_text": "\"Declaration of the People of Virginia\"\nDeclaration of the People of Virginia The Declaration of the People of Virginia (or simply Declaration of the People) was a list of complaints issued by Nathaniel Bacon on July 30, 1676, in which he proclaims Virginia's colonial governor, William Berkeley, corrupt and expresses his displeasure at what his followers regarded as unjust taxation and the government's failure to provide colonists protection from some tribes of Native Americans. The presumed grievances brought about the uprising known as Bacon's Rebellion. This Rebellion was regarded as the first of the new colonies, it is still debated today if Bacon's Rebellion was serving", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 32 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4710985", "chunk_text": "\"Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen\"\nin the texts, the French declaration was heavily influenced by the political philosophy of the Enlightenment and principles of human rights as was the U.S. Declaration of Independence which preceded it (4 July 1776). According to a legal textbook published in 2007, the declaration is in the spirit of \"\"secular natural law\"\", which does not base itself on religious doctrine or authority, in contrast with traditional natural law theory, which does. The declaration defines a single set of individual and collective rights for all men. Influenced by the doctrine of natural rights, these rights are held to be universal and", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 33 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4997013", "chunk_text": "Declarationism\nDeclarationism Declarationism is a legal philosophy that incorporates the United States Declaration of Independence into the body of case law on level with the United States Constitution. It holds that the Declaration is a natural law document and so that natural law has a place within American jurisprudence. Its main proponents include Harry V. Jaffa and other members of the Claremont Institute. Some proponents claim that Supreme Court Justice Clarence Thomas is a follower of this school of thought; however, Thomas is more widely considered a member of the strict constructionist school. In \"\"Cotting v. Godard, 183 U.S. 79\"\" (1901),", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 34 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14932555", "chunk_text": "\"Life, Liberty and the pursuit of Happiness\"\nLife, Liberty and the pursuit of Happiness \"\"Life, Liberty and the pursuit of Happiness\"\" is a well-known phrase in the United States Declaration of Independence. The phrase gives three examples of the \"\"unalienable rights\"\" which the Declaration says have been given to all humans by their creator. The United States Declaration of Independence was drafted by Thomas Jefferson, and then edited by the Committee of Five, which consisted of Jefferson, John Adams, Benjamin Franklin, Roger Sherman, and Robert Livingston. It was then further edited and adopted by the Committee of the Whole of the Second Continental Congress on July 4,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 35 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3038953", "chunk_text": "\"Physical history of the United States Declaration of Independence\"\nPhysical history of the United States Declaration of Independence The United States Declaration of Independence, which announced that the thirteen American colonies then at war with Great Britain were no longer a part of the British Empire, exists in a number of drafts, handwritten copies, and published broadsides. The earliest known draft of the Declaration of Independence is a fragment known as the \"\"Composition Draft.\"\" The draft, written in July 1776, is in the handwriting of Thomas Jefferson, principal author of the Declaration. It was discovered in 1947 by historian Julian P. Boyd in the Jefferson papers at the Library", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 36 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3624124", "chunk_text": "\"Dual revolution\"\nThe Declaration of the Rights of Man was very much an expression of Enlightenment ideals. A major portion of the Declaration was dedicated to the natural rights of man. According to the Declaration every man is entitled to life, liberty and property. This is a reflection of the beliefs of John Locke who wrote the 2nd treatise of civil government. The Committee of Public Safety, headed by Robespierre, which rose to power after using the sans culotte to imprison the other members of the Jacobin club, was based on Rousseau's Social Contracts idea of the general will. Rousseau states that", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 37 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7970809", "chunk_text": "\"History of the United States (1776–1789)\"\ndeclare the independence as the \"\"United States of America\"\". Two days later, on July 4, Congress adopted the Declaration of Independence. The drafting of the Declaration was the responsibility of a Committee of Five, which included, among others, John Adams and Benjamin Franklin; it was drafted by Thomas Jefferson and revised by the others and the Congress as a whole. It contended that \"\"all men are created equal\"\" with \"\"certain unalienable rights, that among these are life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness\"\", and that \"\"to secure these rights governments are instituted among men, deriving their just powers from the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 38 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3660021", "chunk_text": "\"Gouverneur Morris\"\nincluding the famous Lon Chaney film, \"\"The Penalty\"\" in 1920. Morris established himself as an important landowner in northern New York, where the Town of Gouverneur and Village of Gouverneur in St. Lawrence County are named after him. In 1943, a United States liberty ship SS \"\"Gouverneur Morris\"\" was launched. She was scrapped in 1974. Gouverneur Morris Gouverneur Morris I (30 January 1752 – 6 November 1816) was an American statesman, a Founding Father of the United States, and a signatory to the Articles of Confederation and the United States Constitution. He wrote the Preamble to the United States Constitution", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 39 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13172609", "chunk_text": "\"Declaration and Address\"\nDeclaration and Address The \"\"Declaration and Address\"\" was written by Thomas Campbell in 1809. It was first published in Washington, Pennsylvania in 1809. It was the founding document for the Christian Association of Washington, a religious association that was a precursor to the Restoration Movement. In many ways, Thomas Campbell was before his time. He had an ecumenical spirit long before the ecumenical movement began. The \"\"Declaration and Address\"\" is a testimony to his appeal for Christian unity. Thomas Campbell (1763–1854) began his career as a Presbyterian minister. After serving in Ireland for a while, he migrated to the American", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 40 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "773258", "chunk_text": "\"I Am a Man!\"\nI Am a Man! I AM A MAN is a declaration of civil rights, often used as a personal statement and as a declaration of independence against oppression. Historically, in countries such as the United States and South Africa, the term \"\"boy\"\" was used as a pejorative racist insult towards men of color and slaves, indicating their subservient social status of being less than men. In response, \"\"Am I Not A Man And A Brother?\"\" became a catchphrase used by British and American abolitionists. In 1787, Josiah Wedgwood designed a medallion for the British anti-slavery campaign. He copied the original", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 41 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14933065", "chunk_text": "\"Andrew Joseph Galambos\"\nbefore he published them himself. Students were allowed to take notes for their private use and most lectures were taped. Galambos acknowledged and gave credit to antecedent sources such as Thomas Paine's writings, as typified by Common Sense and article 4 of the Declaration of the Rights of Man and the Citizen – \"\"4. Liberty consists in the freedom to do everything which injures no one else; hence the exercise of the natural rights of each man has no limits except those which assure to the other members of the society the enjoyment of the same rights. These limits can", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 42 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6785144", "chunk_text": "\"Oath of Allegiance (United States)\"\nconsciousness of belonging to the human family\"\". The Court found that persons holding such views were \"\"liable to be incapable of the attachment for and devotion to the principles of our Constitution\"\" that are required for naturalization. English writer Aldous Huxley, author of \"\"Brave New World\"\", applied for U.S. citizenship in 1953 after having lived in the United States for fourteen years. When asked if he would bear arms and perform noncombatant military service as required by the Oath, Huxley answered in the negative and was summoned before a judge. Huxley explained that his objection was based on philosophical convictions", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 43 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9915972", "chunk_text": "\"Universal priesthood\"\nhis doctrine of the two kingdoms. The inseparable combination of democracy with its civil rights on the one hand and religious freedom and other human rights on the other hand became the backbone of the American Declaration of Independence (1776), Constitution, and Bill of Rights. In turn, these documents became models for the constitutions of nations in Europe, Latin America, and other parts of the world, e.g., Japan and South Korea. The French Declaration of the Rights of Man and the Citizen (1789) was mainly based on the draft of Marquis de Lafayette, an ardent supporter of the American constitutional", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 44 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7470141", "chunk_text": "\"James Wilson\"\nEngland.\"\" He made it quite clear that he thought the American items to be \"\"materially better.\"\" (First lecture.) James Wilson James Wilson (September 14, 1742 – August 21, 1798) was one of the Founding Fathers of the United States and a signatory of the United States Declaration of Independence and the United States Constitution. Wilson was elected twice to the Continental Congress, where he represented Pennsylvania, and was a major force in drafting the United States Constitution. A leading legal theorist, he was one of the six original justices appointed by George Washington to the Supreme Court of the United", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 45 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13419757", "chunk_text": "\"George Childress\"\nGeorge Childress George Campbell Childress (January 8, 1804 – October 6, 1841) was a lawyer, politician, and a principal author of the Texas Declaration of Independence. Childress was born on January 8, 1804 in Nashville, Tennessee, to John Campbell Childress and Elizabeth Robertson Childress. In 1826 he attended and graduated from Davidson Academy. Two years later, he was admitted to the Tennessee Bar. George C. Childress studied law for two years later he became chief editor for the \"\"Nashville Banner\"\" which he remained for 10 years. After spending some time raising money and volunteers in Tennessee for the Texas army,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 46 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17426966", "chunk_text": "\"Roger Sherman\"\nRoger Sherman Roger Sherman (April 19, 1721 – July 23, 1793) was an early American statesman and lawyer, as well as a Founding Father of the United States. He is the only person to have signed all four great state papers of the United States: the Continental Association, the Declaration of Independence, the Articles of Confederation, and the Constitution. Born in Newton, Massachusetts, Sherman established a legal career in Litchfield County, Connecticut despite a lack of formal education. After a period in the Connecticut House of Representatives, he served as a Justice of the Superior Court of Connecticut from 1766", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 47 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4710988", "chunk_text": "\"Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen\"\nrights of man\"\" are defined as \"\"liberty, property, security and resistance to oppression\"\". It called for the destruction of aristocratic privileges by proclaiming an end to feudalism and to exemptions from taxation, freedom and equal rights for all \"\"Men\"\", and access to public office based on talent. The monarchy was restricted, and all citizens were to have the right to take part in the legislative process. Freedom of speech and press were declared, and arbitrary arrests outlawed. The Declaration also asserted the principles of popular sovereignty, in contrast to the divine right of kings that characterized the French monarchy, and", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 48 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13046387", "chunk_text": "\"Declaration of the Rights of Woman and of the Female Citizen\"\nde Gouges to publish the Declaration of the Rights of Woman and the Female Citizen in early 1791. Olympe de Gouges was a French playwright and political activist whose feminist and abolitionist writings reached large audiences. She began her career as a playwright in the early 1780s, and as the political tensions of the French Revolution built, she became more involved in politics and law. In 1788 she published \"\"Réflexions sur les hommes négres\"\", which demanded compassion for the plight of slaves in the French colonies. For Gouges there was a direct link between the autocratic monarchy in France and", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 49 } ]
test_3530	when did the cowboys start playing on thanksgiving day?	n/a	[ "In 1966", "1966", "1978" ]	[]	n/a	n/a	n/a	[]	[ { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "104424", "chunk_text": "\"NFL on Thanksgiving Day\"\nNFL on Thanksgiving Day Since its inception in 1920, the National Football League has played games on Thanksgiving Day, patterned upon the historic playing of college football games on and around the Thanksgiving holiday. Since 1978, the NFL's Thanksgiving Day games have traditionally included one game hosted by the Detroit Lions, and one game hosted by the Dallas Cowboys. Since 2006, with the advent of the NFL's then-new \"\"Thursday Night Football\"\" package, a third primetime game has also been played on Thanksgiving. Unlike the traditional afternoon games, this game has no fixed host and has featured different teams annually. The", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 0 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1594333", "chunk_text": "\"Dallas Cowboys\"\nhome for Thanksgiving, which has since become an annual tradition. In 2017, the team initially announced that they will wear blue jerseys at home on a more regular basis, only to rescind soon after. In 2015, the Cowboys released their Color Rush uniform, featuring a variation of the 1990s \"\"Double Star\"\" alternates with white pants and socks. The uniform was first used in a Thanksgiving game against the Carolina Panthers and in subsequent \"\"Thursday Night Football\"\" games during the 2016 and 2017 seasons. The Cowboys also unveiled a navy uniform-white pants combination which was first used on December 10, 2017", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 1 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12533674", "chunk_text": "\"NFL on Thanksgiving Day\"\nlater be absorbed into the NFL, also held Thanksgiving contests, although neither of those leagues had permanent hosts. Likewise, the AFL of 1926 also played two Thanksgiving games in its lone season of existence, while the AFL of 1936 hosted one in its first season, which featured the Cleveland Rams, a future NFL team, and the 1940–41 incarnation of the American Football League played two games in 1940 on the earlier \"\"Franksgiving\"\" date. In 1966, the Dallas Cowboys, who had been founded six years earlier, adopted the practice of hosting Thanksgiving games. It is widely rumored that the Cowboys sought", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 2 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12998494", "chunk_text": "\"American football on Thanksgiving\"\nthe NFL upon its founding in 1920, and as such, the NFL has played on Thanksgiving ever since. The Detroit Lions and the Dallas Cowboys have played home games on Thanksgiving since 1934 and 1966, respectively, in a traditional series of NFL games. Beginning in 2006, the NFL added a third game on Thanksgiving night with a rotating host team. The rival American Football League also played on Thanksgiving in the 1960s, as did the All-America Football Conference in the 1940s and the original AFL in 1926. In the Canadian Football League, where games are played on Canadian Thanksgiving, the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 3 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1594331", "chunk_text": "\"Dallas Cowboys\"\nCowboys resurrected their original 1960–1963 uniform on Thanksgiving Day. This uniform became the team's alternate or \"\"third jersey\"\" and was usually worn at least once a year, primarily Thanksgiving Day. Two exceptions were when the Cowboys wore their normal white uniforms on Thanksgiving in 2007 and 2008. While the team didn't wear the throwback uniform exactly on Thanksgiving Day in those two years, Dallas wore them on a date around Thanksgiving for those two years. In 2007 Dallas wore the throwback uniform on November 29, 2007 against the Green Bay Packers. In 2008 Dallas wore the throwback uniform on November", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 4 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5467405", "chunk_text": "\"Thanksgiving (United States)\"\ncreation. The Detroit Lions have hosted a game every Thanksgiving Day from 1934 to 1938 and again every year since 1945. In 1966, the Dallas Cowboys, who had been founded six years earlier, adopted the practice of hosting Thanksgiving games. The league added a third game in prime time in 2006, which aired on the NFL Network, then moved to NBC in 2012. The third game has no set site or team, providing an opportunity for all teams in the league to host a Thanksgiving game in the future. For college football teams that participate in the highest level (all", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 5 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16161123", "chunk_text": "\"American football on Thanksgiving\"\nAmerican football on Thanksgiving American football is one of the many traditions in American culture that is associated with Thanksgiving Day. Virtually every level of football, from amateur and high school to college and the NFL (including the CFL on Canadian Thanksgiving), plays football on Thanksgiving Day (Thursday) or the immediately following holiday weekend (Friday, Saturday, and Sunday). Thanksgiving Day football games in the United States are nearly as old as the game—and the organized holiday—themselves. The first Thanksgiving Day football game took place in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania on Thanksgiving Day of 1869, less than two weeks after Rutgers defeated Princeton", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 6 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1594330", "chunk_text": "\"Dallas Cowboys\"\nThanksgiving Day. This jersey was used for special occasions and was worn throughout the 1994–1995 playoffs. During the same season, the Cowboys also wore their 1960–63 road jersey with a silver helmet for one game as part of a league-wide \"\"throwback\"\" policy. During the 1995 season, the team wore the navy \"\"Double-Star\"\" jersey for games at Washington and Philadelphia and permanently switched to solid color socks (royal blue for the white uniform, and navy blue for the dark uniform). The navy \"\"Double-Star\"\" jersey was not seen again until the NFL's \"\"Classic Throwback Weekend\"\" on Thanksgiving Day 2001–2003. In 2004, the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 7 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2498218", "chunk_text": "\"1966 Dallas Cowboys season\"\ngame. Every team turned down the offer, except for the Dallas Cowboys. General Manager Tex Schramm recognized this as an opportunity for the franchise to increase its popularity and establish its own Thanksgiving Day game tradition. In 1966, the Cowboys who had been founded six years earlier, adopted the practice of hosting Thanksgiving games. It is widely rumored that the Cowboys sought a guarantee that they would regularly host Thanksgiving games as a condition of their very first one (since games on days other than Sunday were uncommon at the time and thus high attendance was not a certainty). Since", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 8 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2049257", "chunk_text": "\"National Football League on television\"\nextensions have, for the first time, allowed the networks to broadcast games on the Internet. Thanksgiving Day contests have been held since before the league's inception. The Detroit Lions have hosted a game every Thanksgiving since 1934 (with the exception of 1939–1944 due to the \"\"Franksgiving\"\" confusion and World War II), and they have been nationally televised since 1953. The first color television broadcast of an NFL regular season game was the 1965 Thanksgiving contest between the Lions and Baltimore Colts. In 1966, the NFL introduced an annual game hosted by the Dallas Cowboys, which has been played every year", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 9 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "104458", "chunk_text": "\"NFL on Thanksgiving Day\"\nThanksgiving. Westwood One most recently held national radio broadcast rights to all three games, with Compass Media Networks sharing rights to the Cowboys contest. (Under league rules, only radio stations that carry at least 12 Cowboys games in a season are allowed to carry the Compass broadcast.) The participating teams also air the games on their local flagship stations and regional radio networks. The Cowboys Thanksgiving game has regularly been the most watched NFL regular season telecast each year, with the Lions Thanksgiving game usually in the top five. NFL on Thanksgiving Day Since its inception in 1920, the National", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 10 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "104425", "chunk_text": "\"NFL on Thanksgiving Day\"\nconcept of American football games being played on Thanksgiving Day dates back to 1876, shortly after the game had been invented, as it was a day that most people had off from work. In that year, the college football teams at Yale and Princeton began an annual tradition of playing each other on Thanksgiving Day. The University of Michigan also made it a tradition to play annual Thanksgiving games, holding 19 such games from 1885 to 1905. The Thanksgiving Day games between Michigan and the Chicago Maroons in the 1890s have been cited as \"\"The Beginning of Thanksgiving Day Football.\"\"", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 11 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15514806", "chunk_text": "\"NFL on Thanksgiving Day\"\n(and received) an agreement guaranteeing the Cowboys a spot on Thanksgiving Day forever. Since 1978, Thanksgiving games have been hosted in Detroit and Dallas every year, with Detroit in the early time slot and Dallas in the late afternoon slot. Because of TV network commitments in place through the 2013 season, to make sure that both the AFC-carrying network (NBC from 1965 to 1997, and CBS since 1998) and the NFC-carrying network (CBS from 1956 to 1993, and Fox since 1994) got at least one game each, one of these games was between NFC opponents, and one featured AFC-NFC opponents.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 12 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6870096", "chunk_text": "\"American football on Thanksgiving\"\nfootball games listed above are played on the Friday or Saturday after the holiday. Texas, as previously mentioned, has had more or less of a permanent spot on the night of the holiday itself since at least 2008. Professional football teams and leagues have played on Thanksgiving from the start, with pro leagues and teams having played on Thanksgiving since the 1890s. It carried over when Buffalo and Rochester, two members of the New York Pro Football League which had held its championship on Thanksgiving 1919, and the Ohio League, which traditionally held its marquee matchups on Thanksgiving, combined into", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 13 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11772753", "chunk_text": "\"Dallas Cowboys\"\nthe majority of the franchise's history the Cowboys played their home games at Texas Stadium. Just outside the city of Dallas, the stadium was located in Irving, Texas. The stadium opened on October 24, 1971, at a cost of $35 million and with a seating capacity of 65,675. The stadium was famous for its hole-in-the-roof dome. The roof's worn paint had become so unsightly in the early 2000s that it was repainted in the summer of 2006 by the City of Irving. It was the first time the famed roof was repainted since Texas Stadium opened. The roof was structurally", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 14 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15514816", "chunk_text": "\"NFL on Thanksgiving Day\"\nand Cowboys' division rivals for the contests so that ratings are maximized; seven out of the ten Thanksgiving games involving the Lions or Cowboys since 2014 have involved a team in the same division, while only one (a 2017 contest between the Cowboys and Los Angeles Chargers) has involved the AFC. The Los Angeles Rams have the longest active appearance drought of any team, with their last appearance coming in 1975. Among current NFL markets, Cleveland has had the longest wait to have a team from its city play on Thanksgiving; the Browns last appeared in 1989, several years before", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 15 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15514810", "chunk_text": "\"NFL on Thanksgiving Day\"\ntime since 1963. In 2015, the Cowboys resurrected their 1994 white \"\"Double-Star\"\" jerseys only this time wore them with white pants as part of the league's \"\"Color Rush\"\", a trial run of specially-designed, monochromatic jerseys to be worn during Thursday games. It has remained a tradition for Dallas and Detroit to host the afternoon games dating back several decades. However, in recent years, other teams have expressed interest in hosting Thanksgiving games. Lamar Hunt, the former owner of the Chiefs (who had hosted Thanksgiving games from 1967–69 as an AFL team prior to the merger), lobbied heavily in favor of", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 16 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15514808", "chunk_text": "\"NFL on Thanksgiving Day\"\ncarry an AFC team; by 2018, the last vestiges of conference ties to the Thanksgiving games were eliminated (in practice, games on Fox remain all-NFC contests). Since teams playing on Thanksgiving have worn throwback uniforms on numerous occasions. In some years (namely 2002), it extended to nearly all games of the weekend, and in some cases also involved classic field logos at the respective stadiums. In 2001–2004, and again in 2008, 2010, and 2017 the Detroit Lions have worn throwback uniforms based on their very early years. From 2001 to 2003, Dallas chose to represent the 1990s Cowboys dynasty by", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 17 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12815545", "chunk_text": "\"Super Bowl XXVIII\"\nSuper Bowl XXVIII Super Bowl XXVIII was an American football game between the National Football Conference (NFC) champion Dallas Cowboys and the American Football Conference (AFC) champion Buffalo Bills to decide the National Football League (NFL) champion for the 1993 season. The Cowboys defeated the Bills by the score of 30–13, winning their fourth Super Bowl in team history, tying the Pittsburgh Steelers and the San Francisco 49ers for most Super Bowl wins. The game was played on January 30, 1994, at the Georgia Dome in Atlanta, Georgia. Since the 1993 regular season was conducted over 18 weeks (two byes", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 18 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15514804", "chunk_text": "\"NFL on Thanksgiving Day\"\na guarantee that they would regularly host Thanksgiving games as a condition of their very first one (since games on days other than Sunday were uncommon at the time and thus high attendance was not a certainty). This is only partly true; Dallas had in fact decided to host games on Thanksgiving by their own decision because there was nothing else to do or watch on that day. In 1975 and 1977, at the behest of then-Commissioner Pete Rozelle, the St. Louis Cardinals replaced Dallas as a host team (Dallas then hosted St. Louis in 1976). Although the Cardinals, at", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 19 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20533929", "chunk_text": "\"1971–72 NFL playoffs\"\n1971–72 NFL playoffs The National Football League playoffs for the 1971 season began on December 25, 1971. The postseason tournament concluded with the Dallas Cowboys defeating the Miami Dolphins in Super Bowl VI, 24–3, on January 16, 1972, at Tulane Stadium in New Orleans, Louisiana. Like the previous NFL seasons, the home teams in the playoffs were decided based on a yearly divisional rotation, excluding the wild card teams who would always play on the road. It was the first time that the NFL scheduled games on Christmas Day, a decision that drew considerable criticism. In the longest NFL game", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 20 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2498217", "chunk_text": "\"1966 Dallas Cowboys season\"\n1966 Dallas Cowboys season The 1966 Dallas Cowboys season was the seventh for the franchise in the National Football League. The Cowboys finished the regular season at 10–3–1, their first winning record as a franchise and first Eastern Conference title. They hosted the NFL Championship Game at the Cotton Bowl, but lost to the defending champion Green Bay Packers, who went on to win the first Super Bowl two weeks later. With the growth in popularity of televised NFL games, the league began looking for a second team in addition to the Detroit Lions, to host an annual Thanksgiving Day", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 21 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12998489", "chunk_text": "\"American football on Thanksgiving\"\nMissouri in 1892. After new conference rules that required all games to be played on college campuses, the Thanksgiving Day tradition was temporarily suspended in 1911, but then reinstituted in spurts starting in 1916 and continuing through the 1940s. The University of Michigan made it a tradition to play annual Thanksgiving games, holding 19 such games from 1885 to 1905. The Thanksgiving Day games between Michigan and the Chicago Maroons in the 1890s have been erroneously cited as \"\"The Beginning of Thanksgiving Day Football.\"\" Since the Maroons no longer play at the Division I level, the Wolverines now play their", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 22 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11772745", "chunk_text": "\"Dallas Cowboys\"\nThe 1960–1963 uniform may also be used on other special occasion. Other instances include the 2005 Monday Night game against the Washington Redskins when the team inducted Troy Aikman, Emmitt Smith, and Michael Irving into the Cowboys Ring of Honor, and the 2006 Christmas Day game against the Philadelphia Eagles. In 2013, the NFL issued a new helmet rule stating that players will no longer be allowed to use alternate helmets due to the league's enhanced concussion awareness. This caused the Cowboys' white 1960s throwback helmets to become non-compliant. The team instead decided to wear their normal blue jerseys at", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 23 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1257040", "chunk_text": "\"American football on Thanksgiving\"\nin New Brunswick, New Jersey in what is widely recognized as the first intercollegiate football game in the United States, and only six years after Abraham Lincoln declared the first fixed national Thanksgiving holiday in 1863. On November 17, 1869, the \"\"Evening Telegraph\"\" newspaper of Philadelphia published the following announcement: \"\"Foot Ball: A foot-ball match between twenty-two players of the Young America Cricket Club and the Germantown Cricket Club will take place on Thanksgiving Day at 12 1/2 o'clock, on the grounds of the Germantown Club.\"\" The proximity of Philadelphia to both Rutgers and Princeton invites speculation that this game", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 24 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12998490", "chunk_text": "\"American football on Thanksgiving\"\nmodern-day archrivals, the Ohio State Buckeyes, during Thanksgiving weekend. Yale and Princeton began an annual tradition of playing against each other on Thanksgiving Day starting in 1876. From 1945 to 1956, the Burley Bowl pitted two small colleges against each other in an unofficial bowl game. From 1894 to 1953, Case Tech Rough Riders and Western Reserve University Red Cats played each other on Thanksgiving, playing at Cleveland Stadium. The two schools merged in 1970. The Turkey Day Classic, a college football game between Alabama State University and Tuskegee University, has been played on Thanksgiving Day annually from 1924 to", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 25 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "104429", "chunk_text": "\"NFL on Thanksgiving Day\"\n1934 and 1935), Frankford Yellow Jackets, Pottsville Maroons, Buffalo All-Americans, Canton Bulldogs (even after the team moved to Cleveland they played the 1924 Thanksgiving game in Canton), and the New York Giants (1929–38, who always played a crosstown rival). The first owner of the Lions, George A. Richards, started the tradition of the Thanksgiving Day game as a gimmick to get people to go to Lions football games, and to continue a tradition begun by the city's previous NFL teams. What differentiated the Lions' efforts from other teams that played on the holiday was that Richards owned radio station WJR,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 26 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2498219", "chunk_text": "\"1966 Dallas Cowboys season\"\nthen, the two \"\"traditional\"\" Thanksgiving Day pro football games have been in Detroit and Dallas. 1966 Dallas Cowboys season The 1966 Dallas Cowboys season was the seventh for the franchise in the National Football League. The Cowboys finished the regular season at 10–3–1, their first winning record as a franchise and first Eastern Conference title. They hosted the NFL Championship Game at the Cotton Bowl, but lost to the defending champion Green Bay Packers, who went on to win the first Super Bowl two weeks later. With the growth in popularity of televised NFL games, the league began looking for", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 27 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "104426", "chunk_text": "\"NFL on Thanksgiving Day\"\nIn some areas, high-school teams play on Thanksgiving, usually to wrap-up the regular-season. By the time football had become a professional event, playing on Thanksgiving had already become an institution. Records of pro football being played on Thanksgiving date back to as early as the 1890s, with the first pro–am team, the Allegheny Athletic Association of Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. In 1902, the \"\"National\"\" Football League, a Major League Baseball-backed organization based entirely in Pennsylvania and unrelated to the current NFL, attempted to settle its championship over Thanksgiving weekend; after the game ended in a tie, eventually all three teams in the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 28 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15514809", "chunk_text": "\"NFL on Thanksgiving Day\"\nwearing the navy \"\"Double-Star\"\" jersey not seen since 1995. In , the team wore uniforms not seen since . In 2009, to celebrate the 50th anniversary of the AFL, both Dallas and Oakland played in a \"\"AFL Legacy Game.\"\" In 2013, the Cowboys intended to wear their 1960s throwbacks, but chose not to do so after the NFL adopted a new policy requiring players and teams to utilize only one helmet a season to address the league's new concussion protocol; rather than sport an incomplete throwback look, the Cowboys instead wore their standard blue jerseys at home for the first", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 29 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11772750", "chunk_text": "\"Dallas Cowboys\"\nWith the 2002 victory, it seems an exception to the theory of the blue jersey jinx is invoked on Thanksgiving. Thus, the Cowboys continued wearing blue at home on Thanksgiving from 2003–2006, however it was always an older-styled alternate blue jersey. In 2007 and 2008, the Cowboys returned to wearing white at home for their Thanksgiving game. Since 2009, the Cowboys returned to wearing blue at home on Thanksgiving only. (From 2009–2012, the team again decided to go with an older-styled blue uniform as they had in previous years on Thanksgiving, and since 2013 have worn the newer-styled blue jersey.)", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 30 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2049262", "chunk_text": "\"National Football League on television\"\nChristmas falls on a Sunday, most of the games are to be played on the preceding day, Saturday, December 24, with two games scheduled for Christmas Night to be broadcast nationally. As in the 2006, 2011, and 2016 seasons, there have been 14 such contests on each Christmas Eve. The first NFL games played on December 25 came during the 1971 season. The first two games of the Divisional Playoff Round that year were held on Christmas Day. The first game that day was between Dallas Cowboys and the Minnesota Vikings. The second of the two contests played that day,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 31 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11772751", "chunk_text": "\"Dallas Cowboys\"\nIn the 2015 season, the Cowboys wore their Color Rush variation of the 1990s \"\"Double Star\"\" jerseys for a Thanksgiving game against the Carolina Panthers. The Cotton Bowl is a stadium which opened in 1932 and became known as \"\"The House That Doak Built\"\" due to the immense crowds that former SMU running back Doak Walker drew to the stadium during his college career in the late 1940s. Originally known as the Fair Park Bowl, it is located in Fair Park, site of the State Fair of Texas. Concerts or other events using a stage allow the playing field to", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 32 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12583151", "chunk_text": "\"Thanksgiving (United States)\"\nthe Santa Claus Lane Parade (now Hollywood Christmas Parade) in Los Angeles was held on the Wednesday evening before Thanksgiving. In 1978 this was switched to the Sunday following the holiday. American football is an important part of many Thanksgiving celebrations in the United States, a tradition that dates to the earliest era of the sport in the late 19th century. Professional football games are often held on Thanksgiving Day; until recently, these were the only games played during the week apart from Sunday or Monday night. The National Football League has played games on Thanksgiving every year since its", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 33 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1594338", "chunk_text": "\"Dallas Cowboys\"\ntheir regular blue jerseys for their Thanksgiving game, something they have not done at home since Schramm started the white-jersey-at-home tradition. With the Cowboys traditionally hosting Thanksgiving Day games, separate practice uniforms have been used for these games in recent years. Through the 2000 season, the Cowboys continued the usual practice of wearing white at home. In 2001, the Cowboys wore blue at home for the first time in years with was an older design of the blue jersey. Dallas would lose the game, but again wore the older blue jersey at home on Thanksgiving the next year and won.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 34 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19627567", "chunk_text": "\"History of the Dallas Cowboys\"\na 28–13 lead and seemed to have avenged their playoff losses to Dallas in the two previous seasons. But after Landry benched Morton, Staubach threw two touchdown passes with less than two minutes remaining—including the game-winner to Ron Sellers—for a miraculous 30-28 Dallas win, the first of several dramatic comebacks led by Staubach during the 1970s. However, they were defeated by their archrival Washington Redskins 26–3 in the NFC Championship Game. The Cowboys were now beginning to grow in popularity not just in Dallas, but nationwide. Their televised appearances on Thanksgiving Day games beginning in 1966 helped bring the Cowboys", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 35 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20881179", "chunk_text": "\"2009 Dallas Cowboys season\"\n2009 Dallas Cowboys season The 2009 Dallas Cowboys season was the 50th anniversary for the team in the National Football League. It was the team's first season playing at Cowboys Stadium. Their victory over the Oakland Raiders on November 26 extended their Thanksgiving winning streak to four in a row and also ended a three-game losing streak to the Raiders. They also ended the Saints' bid for a perfect season after a 13–0 start with a 24–17 victory on December 19, 2009. The Cowboys punched their ticket to the playoffs on December 27 after beating the Washington Redskins 17–0. On", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 36 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19403923", "chunk_text": "\"History of the Dallas Cowboys\"\nvs. San Francisco 49ers September 19, 2005, vs. Washington Redskins January 6, 2007, at Seattle Seahawks, NFC wild card playoff game, \"\"The Bobble\"\" October 8, 2007, vs. Buffalo Bills. December 19, 2009, vs. New Orleans Saints. December 23, 2013, vs. Washington Redskins October 12, 2014, vs. Seattle Seahawks The Dallas Cowboys team/franchise has been \"\"first\"\" in the record books for a whole host of accomplishments, a few of which include: History of the Dallas Cowboys This article contains an in-depth explanation of the history of the Dallas Cowboys, a professional American football team that competes in the National Football League", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 37 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "104430", "chunk_text": "\"NFL on Thanksgiving Day\"\na major affiliate of the NBC Blue Network; he was able to negotiate an agreement with NBC to carry his Thanksgiving games live across the network. During the Franksgiving controversy in 1939 and 1940, the only two teams to play the game were the Pittsburgh Steelers and Philadelphia Eagles, as both teams were in the same state (Pennsylvania). (At the time, then-president Franklin Roosevelt wanted to move the holiday for economic reasons and many states were resistant to the move; half the states recognized the move and the other half did not. This complicated scheduling for Thanksgiving games. Incidentally, the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 38 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13681847", "chunk_text": "\"1971 Dallas Cowboys season\"\nthe American Football League, and subsequently, the first team from the NFC East division to win the title. The 1971 NFL Draft was one of the worst in the history of the franchise, although the Cowboys recovered draft choices by trading Tody Smith and Ike Thomas to other teams. The Cowboys opened the new Texas Stadium with a 44–21 win over the New England Patriots on Oct. 24. Duane Thomas scored the first touchdown, a 56-yard run two minutes and 16 seconds after the start of the game. Attendance was 65,708 persons. The team entered the season still having the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 39 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19403822", "chunk_text": "\"History of the Dallas Cowboys\"\nto would-be team owners, Clint Murchison Jr. and Bedford Wynne, so to ensure the birth of their expansion team, the men bought the rights to the Redskins fight song, \"\"Hail to the Redskins\"\" and threatened to refuse to allow Washington to play the song at games. Needing the song, which had become a staple for his \"\"professional football team of Dixie\"\", Marshall changed his mind, and the city of Dallas was granted an NFL franchise on January 28, 1960. This early confrontation between the two franchises helped to trigger what became one of the more heated National Football League rivalries,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 40 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13449671", "chunk_text": "\"Super Bowl VI\"\nSuper Bowl VI Super Bowl VI was an American football game between the National Football Conference (NFC) champion Dallas Cowboys and the American Football Conference (AFC) champion Miami Dolphins to decide the National Football League (NFL) champion for the 1971 season. The Cowboys defeated the Dolphins by the score of 24–3, to win their first Super Bowl. The game was played on January 16, 1972, at Tulane Stadium in New Orleans, Louisiana, the second time the Super Bowl was played in that city. Despite the southerly location, it was unseasonably cold at the time, with the kickoff air temperature of", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 41 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11632103", "chunk_text": "\"Super Bowl V\"\nSuper Bowl V Super Bowl V, the fifth edition of the Super Bowl and first modern-era National Football League (NFL) championship game, was an American football game between the American Football Conference (AFC) champion Baltimore Colts and the National Football Conference (NFC) champion Dallas Cowboys to decide the NFL champion for the 1970 season. The Colts defeated the Cowboys by the score of 16–13. The game was played on January 17, 1971, at the Orange Bowl in Miami, Florida, the first Super Bowl game played on artificial turf, on first-generation Poly-Turf. This was the first Super Bowl played after the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 42 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19627591", "chunk_text": "\"History of the Dallas Cowboys\"\nbut Dallas drafted offensive lineman Larry Allen, who became a mainstay on the line for the next decade. In 1994, the Cowboys played before the largest crowd to ever attend an NFL game when 112,376 in Mexico City turned out for a preseason match against the Houston Oilers. The Cowboys cruised to another NFC East title in 1994. They finished the regular season 12–4, with their four losses coming by a combined 20 points. The team suffered key injuries, however, when Erik Williams was lost for the year after a mid-season auto accident and Emmitt Smith was hobbled for the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 43 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1594352", "chunk_text": "\"Dallas Cowboys\"\nDallas returning the favor two weeks later by defeating the Eagles 38–27 in Philadelphia. The second game between these rivals clenched a playoff spot for Dallas and led to formerly first place Philadelphia missing out on the post-season. Dallas leads the regular season all-time series 63–50. The first game ever played between the Giants and Cowboys was a 31–31 tie on December 4, 1960. Dallas logged its first win in the series on October 29, 1961 and New York's first was on November 11, 1962. Among the more notable moments in the rivalry was the Giants' defeat of Dallas in", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 44 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15514812", "chunk_text": "\"NFL on Thanksgiving Day\"\nteam also required an extension to prevent a local television blackout. The Lions were routed by Tennessee 47–10, en route to the team's 0–16 season. NFL commissioner Roger Goodell confirmed that the Lions would stay on Thanksgiving for the 2009 season, but kept the issue open to revisit in the future. Conversely, the Dallas Cowboys, who typically represent a larger television draw, have had many fewer public calls to be replaced on Thanksgiving. One issue that has been debated is a perceived unfair advantage of playing at home on Thanksgiving. The advantage is given in the form of an extra", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 45 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15514805", "chunk_text": "\"NFL on Thanksgiving Day\"\nthe time known as the \"\"Cardiac Cards\"\" due to their propensity for winning very close games, were a modest success at the time, they were nowhere near as popular nationwide as the Cowboys, who were regular Super Bowl contenders during this era. This, combined with St. Louis's consistently weak attendance, a series of ugly Cardinals losses in the three-game stretch, and opposition from the Kirkwood–Webster Groves Turkey Day Game (a local high school football contest) led to Dallas resuming regular hosting duties in 1978; it was then, after Rozelle asked Dallas to resume hosting Thanksgiving games, that the Cowboys requested", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 46 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11772752", "chunk_text": "\"Dallas Cowboys\"\nbe used for additional spectators. The Cotton Bowl was the longtime home of the annual Cotton Bowl Classic college football bowl game, for which the stadium is named. (Beginning with the January 2010 game, the Cotton Bowl Classic has been played at Cowboys Stadium in Arlington.) The Dallas Cowboys called the Cotton Bowl home for 11 years, from the team's formation in 1960 until 1971, when the Cowboys moved to Texas Stadium. It is the only Cowboys stadium within the Dallas city limits. The Cowboys hosted the Green Bay Packers for the 1966 NFL Championship at the Cotton Bowl. For", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 47 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1594334", "chunk_text": "\"Dallas Cowboys\"\nagainst the Giants. In 1964, Tex Schramm started the tradition of the Cowboys wearing their white jersey at home, contrary to an unofficial rule that teams should wear colored jerseys at home. Schramm did this because he wanted fans to see a variety of opponents' colors at home games. Since then, a number of other teams have worn their white uniforms at home, including the Miami Dolphins. According to Mike McCord, the Cowboys' equipment director, one of the reasons why the Cowboys started wearing white at home was because of the intense heat during Cowboys' home games at Texas Stadium.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 48 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19403922", "chunk_text": "\"History of the Dallas Cowboys\"\nV vs. Baltimore Colts December 23, 1972, at San Francisco 49ers, 1972 NFC Divisional Playoff Game November 28, 1974, vs. Washington Redskins December 28, 1975, at Minnesota Vikings, 1975 NFC Divisional Playoff Game December 16, 1979, vs. Washington Redskins January 4, 1981, at Atlanta Falcons, 1980 NFC Divisional Playoff Game January 3, 1983, at Minnesota Vikings September 5, 1983, at Washington Redskins January 31, 1993, vs. Buffalo Bills, Super Bowl XXVII November 25, 1993, vs. Miami Dolphins January 2, 1994, at New York Giants November 18, 1996, vs. Green Bay Packers September 12, 1999, at Washington Redskins September 24, 2000,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 49 } ]
test_3531	who was the author of the art of war?	n/a	[ "Sun Tzu" ]	[]	n/a	n/a	n/a	[]	[ { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4459575", "chunk_text": "\"The Art of War\"\nThe Art of War The Art of War is an ancient Chinese military treatise dating from the Spring and Autumn Period (roughly 771 to 476 BC). The work, which is attributed to the ancient Chinese military strategist Sun Tzu (\"\"Master Sun\"\", also spelled Sunzi), is composed of 13 chapters. Each one is devoted to a distinct aspect of warfare and how that applies to military strategy and tactics. For almost 1,500 years it was the lead text in an anthology that would be formalised as the Seven Military Classics by Emperor Shenzong of Song in 1080. \"\"The Art of War\"\"", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 0 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7867757", "chunk_text": "\"Sun Tzu\"\nSun Tzu Sun Tzu (; ; also rendered as Sunzi) was a Chinese general, military strategist, writer, and philosopher who lived in the Eastern Zhou period of ancient China. Sun Tzu is traditionally credited as the author of \"\"The Art of War\"\", a widely influential work of military strategy that has affected both Western and East Asian philosophy and military thinking. His works focus much more on alternatives to battle- such as stratagem, delay, the use of spies, and alternatives to war itself- the making and keeping of alliances, the uses of deceit, and a willingness to submit, at least", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 1 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4459577", "chunk_text": "\"The Art of War\"\nJapanese daimyō Takeda Shingen, and American military general Norman Schwarzkopf Jr. have drawn inspiration from the book. \"\"The Art of War\"\" is traditionally attributed to a military general from the late 6th century BC known as \"\"Master Sun\"\" (\"\"Sunzi\"\" or \"\"Sun Tzu\"\"), though its earliest parts probably date to at least 100 years later. Sima Qian's 1st century BC work \"\"Records of the Grand Historian\"\" (\"\"Shiji\"\"), the first of China's 24 dynastic histories, records an early Chinese tradition stating that a text on military matters was written by a \"\"Sun Wu\"\" from the State of Qi, and that this text", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 2 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4459576", "chunk_text": "\"The Art of War\"\nremains the most influential strategy text in East Asian warfare. It has a profound influence on both Eastern and Western military thinking, business tactics, legal strategy and beyond. The book was first translated and published into French in 1772 (re-published in 1782) by the French Jesuit Jean Joseph Marie Amiot and a partial translation into English was attempted by British officer Everard Ferguson Calthrop in 1905 under the title The Book of War. The first annotated English translation was completed and published by Lionel Giles in 1910. Numerous military and political leaders such as the Chinese communist revolutionary Mao Zedong,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 3 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2929957", "chunk_text": "\"The Art of War (comics)\"\nThe Art of War (comics) The Art of War is a graphic novel written and storyboarded by Kelly Roman with art by Michael DeWeese. The book was published as a paperback original by Harper Perennial on July 31, 2012. The graphic novel adapts Sun Tzu's original \"\"The Art of War\"\" into a science fiction story that follows an ex-soldier who works in a militarized financial world dominated by the Chinese government. Author Kelly Roman was inspired to adapt \"\"The Art of War\"\" after \"\"he sensed a growing national anxiety about China's hegemonic rise, and I wanted to transform the ancient", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 4 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15377708", "chunk_text": "\"The Art of War (film)\"\nThe Art of War (film) The Art of War is a 2000 Canadian-American action spy film directed by Christian Duguay and starring Wesley Snipes, Michael Biehn, Anne Archer and Donald Sutherland. The film's title refers to the ancient Chinese text of the same name by war strategist Sun Tzu. The film was followed by two direct-to-video sequels, \"\"\"\" and \"\"\"\". The latter did not feature Snipes. Neil Shaw (Snipes) is an operative for the United Nations's covert dirty-tricks squad, using espionage and quasi-ethical tactics to secure peace and cooperation. In Hong Kong, Shaw infiltrates a Chinese New Year party held", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 5 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15087417", "chunk_text": "\"Thomas Huynh\"\ncompetition. In 2008, Bloomberg BusinessWeek selected him as among the most engaged contributors of the year. Thomas Huynh Thomas Cuong Huynh (born 1973) is an author, translator, and scholar of the Chinese classic Sun Tzu's The Art of War. He lives in Atlanta, Georgia in the United States. Thomas Huynh was born in Saigon, Vietnam, in 1973. In 1999, Huynh founded Sonshi, an educational resource for Sun Tzu's The Art of War. He wrote \"\"The Art of War: Spirituality for Conflict\"\", a translation and verse-by-verse annotation, published in 2008. Huynh received his master's of business degree from Vanderbilt University, and", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 6 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17698114", "chunk_text": "\"The Art of War (Sabaton album)\"\nThe Art of War (Sabaton album) The Art of War is the fourth album by Swedish heavy metal band Sabaton. The album is based on the ancient Chinese military treatise, The Art of War written by General Sun Tzu in the 6th Century BC. It consists of 13 chapters, each of which describe a different aspect of warfare, and is considered the definitive work on military tactics and strategies of its time. The tracks on the album correspond to each chapter of treatise. The lyrics of the songs are about famous battles or war, mostly based on the battles of", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 7 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15087416", "chunk_text": "\"Thomas Huynh\"\nThomas Huynh Thomas Cuong Huynh (born 1973) is an author, translator, and scholar of the Chinese classic Sun Tzu's The Art of War. He lives in Atlanta, Georgia in the United States. Thomas Huynh was born in Saigon, Vietnam, in 1973. In 1999, Huynh founded Sonshi, an educational resource for Sun Tzu's The Art of War. He wrote \"\"The Art of War: Spirituality for Conflict\"\", a translation and verse-by-verse annotation, published in 2008. Huynh received his master's of business degree from Vanderbilt University, and teaches Sun Tzu's principles in business. At Google he presented concepts on how to succeed in", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 8 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2878615", "chunk_text": "\"The Art of War (Machiavelli)\"\nThe Art of War (Machiavelli) The Art of War () is a treatise by the Italian Renaissance political philosopher and historian Niccolò Machiavelli. The format of \"\"The Art of War\"\" is a socratic dialogue. The purpose, declared by Lord Fabrizio Colonna (perhaps Machiavelli's \"\"persona\"\") at the outset, \"\"To honor and reward \"\"virtù\"\", not to have contempt for poverty, to esteem the modes and orders of military discipline, to constrain citizens to love one another, to live without factions, to esteem less the private than the public good.\"\" To these ends, Machiavelli notes in his preface, the military is like the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 9 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5551416", "chunk_text": "\"The Ancient Art of War\"\nThe Ancient Art of War The Ancient Art of War is a computer game designed by Dave and Barry Murry, developed by Evryware, and originally published by Brøderbund in 1984. It is generally recognized as one of the first real-time strategy or real-time tactics games. A battlefield simulation, the game's title comes from the classic strategy text \"\"The Art of War\"\" written by Sun Tzu around 400 B.C. The objective of the game is to win a series of battles using four types of troops: Knights, Archers, Barbarians, and Spies. All four types are unmounted. It uses a rock-paper-scissors type", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 10 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4459587", "chunk_text": "\"The Art of War\"\nWar\"\" and \"\"Strategic Problems of China's Revolutionary War\"\", and includes Mao's quote: \"\"We must not belittle the saying in the book of Sun Wu Tzu, the great military expert of ancient China, 'Know your enemy and know yourself and you can fight a thousand battles without disaster.\"\" During the Vietnam War, some Vietcong officers extensively studied \"\"The Art of War\"\" and reportedly could recite entire passages from memory. General Võ Nguyên Giáp successfully implemented tactics described in \"\"The Art of War\"\" during the Battle of Dien Bien Phu ending major French involvement in Indochina and leading to the accords which", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 11 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17698117", "chunk_text": "\"The Art of War (Sabaton album)\"\n2008. \"\"40:1\"\" is also used as an entrance song by Polish mixed martial artist Damian Grabowski. The title track was featured in the Sabaton Soundtrack DLC for the grand strategy game Europa Universalis IV. The Art of War (Sabaton album) The Art of War is the fourth album by Swedish heavy metal band Sabaton. The album is based on the ancient Chinese military treatise, The Art of War written by General Sun Tzu in the 6th Century BC. It consists of 13 chapters, each of which describe a different aspect of warfare, and is considered the definitive work on military", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 12 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4459579", "chunk_text": "\"The Art of War\"\nthe state of Chu. The prominent strategist, poet, and warlord Cao Cao in the early 3rd century AD authored the earliest known commentary to the \"\"Art of War\"\". Cao's preface makes clear that he edited the text and removed certain passages, but the extent of his changes were unclear historically. \"\"The Art of War\"\" appears throughout the bibliographical catalogs of the Chinese dynastic histories, but listings of its divisions and size varied widely. In the early 20th century, the Chinese writer and reformer Liang Qichao theorized that the text was actually written in the 4th century BC by Sunzi's purported", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 13 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3079263", "chunk_text": "\"Military deception\"\nthat are usually considered the most famous classics on warfare Sun Tzu's \"\"The Art of War\"\" and Clausewitz' \"\"On War\"\" seem to have diametrically opposed views on the matter. Sun Tzu greatly emphasizes military deception and considers it the key to victory. Clausewitz on the other hand argues that a commander has a foggy idea of what is going on anyway and that creating some sort of false appearance, particularly on a large scale, is costly and can only be acceptable from a cost-benefit-analysis point of view under special circumstances. As a more modern example, British military writer John Keegan", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 14 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5434243", "chunk_text": "\"Sun Bin's Art of War\"\nSun Bin's Art of War Sun Bin's Art of War is an ancient Chinese classic work on military strategy written by Sun Bin, an alleged descendant of Sun Tzu who served as a military strategist in the Qi state during the Warring States period. According to historical records from the Han Dynasty, \"\"Sun Bin's Art of War\"\" contained an extensive 89 chapters, with four volumes of pictures attached, but was lost by the end of the Eastern Han Dynasty. As a consequence, \"\"Sun Bin's Art of War\"\" is sometimes conflated with Sun Tzu's \"\"The Art of War\"\". In April 1972,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 15 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2339294", "chunk_text": "\"Military strategy\"\nof war.\"\" B. H. Liddell Hart's definition put less emphasis on battles, defining strategy as \"\"the art of distributing and applying military means to fulfill the ends of policy\"\". Hence, both gave the pre-eminence to political aims over military goals. Sun Tzu (544-496 BC) is often considered as the father of Eastern military strategy and greatly influenced Chinese, Japanese, Korean and Vietnamese historical and modern war tactics. \"\"The Art of War\"\" by Sun Tzu grew in popularity and saw practical use in Western society as well. It continues to influence many competitive endeavors in Asia, Europe, and America including culture,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 16 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20073389", "chunk_text": "\"Khoo Kheng-Hor\"\ninhabit the lands of the 'Southern Ocean', as early Chinese migrants called Malaya and Singapore. It hit the book stores in October 2007. Khoo Kheng-Hor Khoo Kheng-Hor (; born 2 March 1956) is a Malaysian author and speaker on contemporary application of the 500 BC Chinese military treatise, \"\"The Art of War\"\", by military strategist Sun Tzu. In the 1990s, Khoo was the first Sun Tzu student in South-east Asia to link and teach the general's principles in relation to business and management. To date, Khoo has written over 26 business and management books, most of which are based on", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 17 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16259946", "chunk_text": "\"A Hereditary Book on the Art of War\"\nA Hereditary Book on the Art of War A Hereditary Book on the Art of War or Heihō kadensho (兵法家伝書), is a Japanese text on the theory and practice of swordsmanship and strategy, written by the samurai Yagyū Munenori in 1632. Alongside Miyamoto Musashi's \"\"The Book of Five Rings\"\", it is one of the preeminent treatises on warfare in classical Japanese literature. Similar to Musashi's contemporary work, Munenori's has garnered appeal for its applicability beyond the warrior paradigm. The book is divided into three chapters.“The Killing Sword” addresses force as a remedy to disorder and violence. The following “Life-Giving Sword”", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 18 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20073376", "chunk_text": "\"Khoo Kheng-Hor\"\nKhoo Kheng-Hor Khoo Kheng-Hor (; born 2 March 1956) is a Malaysian author and speaker on contemporary application of the 500 BC Chinese military treatise, \"\"The Art of War\"\", by military strategist Sun Tzu. In the 1990s, Khoo was the first Sun Tzu student in South-east Asia to link and teach the general's principles in relation to business and management. To date, Khoo has written over 26 business and management books, most of which are based on Sun Tzu's \"\"Art of War\"\" as he made it his life's mission to \"\"suntzunize\"\" as many people as possible. In 1997, although a", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 19 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2878627", "chunk_text": "\"The Art of War (Machiavelli)\"\nFabrizio declaims that we should imitate ancient warfare rather than ancient art forms. However, the \"\"Art of War\"\" is a dialogue in the humanist tradition of imitating classical forms. Machiavelli himself appears to have fallen into the trap for which Fabrizio criticizes Bernardo Rucellai. Despite this inherent contradiction, the book lacks much of the cynical tone and humour that is so characteristic of Machiavelli's other works. The Art of War (Machiavelli) The Art of War () is a treatise by the Italian Renaissance political philosopher and historian Niccolò Machiavelli. The format of \"\"The Art of War\"\" is a socratic dialogue.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 20 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5611391", "chunk_text": "\"Thomas Cleary\"\nThomas Cleary Thomas Cleary (born 1949) is an author and translator of Buddhist, Taoist, Confucian, and Muslim classics, and of \"\"The Art of War\"\", a treatise on management, military strategy, and statecraft. He lives in Oakland, California, a city on the West Coast of the United States. Cleary became interested in Buddhism when he was a teenager; his researches into Buddhist thought began with a desire to learn during this time of his life. When he began translating, he chose either untranslated works or—as in the case of Sun Tzu's \"\"The Art of War\"\"—books whose extant translations were \"\"too limited\"\".", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 21 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8621073", "chunk_text": "\"Philosophy of war\"\na Hindu\"\" and \"\"The Kingdom of God is Within You\"\") was a direct influence on Gandhi's Hinduism-centered non-violent resistance philosophy. While Sun Tzu's \"\"The Art of War\"\", focusses mostly on weaponry and strategy instead of philosophy, his observations are often broadened into a philosophy applied in situations extending well beyond war itself (see the main Wikipedia article on \"\"The Art of War\"\" for a discussion of the application of Sun Tzu's philosophy to areas other than war). Parts of Niccolò Machiavelli's masterpiece \"\"The Prince\"\" (as well as \"\"Discourses\"\") and parts of his own work titled \"\"The Art of War\"\" discuss", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 22 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11136837", "chunk_text": "\"Lionel Giles\"\nLionel Giles Lionel Giles (29 December 1875 – 22 January 1958) was a British sinologist, writer, and philosopher. Lionel Giles served as assistant curator at the British Museum and Keeper of the Department of Oriental Manuscripts and Printed Books. Lionel Giles is most notable for his 1910 translation of \"\"The Art of War\"\" by Sun Tzu and The Analects of Confucius. Giles was the son of British diplomat and sinologist Herbert Giles. Giles was born at Sutton, the fourth son of Herbert Giles and his first wife Catherine Fenn. Educated privately in Belgium (Liège), Austria (Feldkirch), and Scotland (Aberdeen), Giles", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 23 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7762203", "chunk_text": "\"The War of Art (album)\"\nThe War of Art (album) The War of Art is the second album by the industrial metal band American Head Charge, released in 2001. The album was recorded at Rick Rubin's allegedly haunted recording studio. The title is a play on words of the Chinese book \"\"The Art of War\"\" by Sun Tzu. This is the band's only album with Aaron Zilch on samplers, and David Rogers and Wayne Kile together on guitar. After the departure of Zilch, Fouler remained the band's sole keyboardist/sampler. The album landed American Head Charge a spot at Ozzfest 2001. Their concerts featured some controversy", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 24 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7867761", "chunk_text": "\"Sun Tzu\"\nborn in the late Spring and Autumn period and that he was active as a general and strategist, serving king Helü of Wu in the late sixth century BC, beginning around 512 BC. Sun Tzu's victories then inspired him to write \"\"The Art of War\"\". \"\"The Art of War\"\" was one of the most widely read military treatises in the subsequent Warring States period, a time of constant war among seven ancient Chinese states Zhao, Qi, Qin, Chu, Han, Wei, and Yan who fought to control the vast expanse of fertile territory in Eastern China. One of the more well-known", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 25 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6511371", "chunk_text": "\"Sun Tzu\"\nand staff duty officers are obliged to prepare short papers for presentation to other officers on their readings. Similarly, Sun Tzu's \"\"Art of War\"\" is listed on the Marine Corps Professional Reading Program. During the Gulf War in the 1990s, both Generals Norman Schwarzkopf Jr. and Colin Powell employed principles from Sun Tzu related to deception, speed, and striking one's enemy's weak points. However, the United States and other Western countries have been criticised for not truly understanding Sun Tzu's work and not appreciating \"\"The Art of War\"\" within the wider context of Chinese society. Daoist rhetoric is a component", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 26 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2878624", "chunk_text": "\"The Art of War (Machiavelli)\"\nof War (1757)\"\", and Algarotti—though without much basis—saw in Machiavelli the master who has taught Frederick the Great the tactics by which he astounded Europe. Like most people concerned with military matters, Jefferson had Machiavelli's \"\"Art of War\"\" in his library, and when the War of 1812 increased American interest in problems of war, \"\"The Art of War\"\" was brought out in a special American edition.\"\" This continued interest in Machiavelli as a military thinker was not only caused by the fame of his name; some of the recommendations made in the \"\"Art of War\"\"—those on training, discipline, and classification,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 27 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12318195", "chunk_text": "\"Sun Tzu\"\nduring the middle to late Warring States period (c. 481–221 BC). Finally, a third school claims that the slips were published in the last half of the 5th century BC; this is based on how its adherents interpret the bamboo slips discovered at Yinque Shan in 1972 AD. \"\"The Art of War\"\" is traditionally ascribed to Sun Tzu. It presents a philosophy of war for managing conflicts and winning battles. It is accepted as a masterpiece on strategy and has been frequently cited and referred to by generals and theorists since it was first published, translated, and distributed internationally. There", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 28 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14674122", "chunk_text": "\"Sun Bin's Art of War\"\nparts: Sun Bin's Art of War Sun Bin's Art of War is an ancient Chinese classic work on military strategy written by Sun Bin, an alleged descendant of Sun Tzu who served as a military strategist in the Qi state during the Warring States period. According to historical records from the Han Dynasty, \"\"Sun Bin's Art of War\"\" contained an extensive 89 chapters, with four volumes of pictures attached, but was lost by the end of the Eastern Han Dynasty. As a consequence, \"\"Sun Bin's Art of War\"\" is sometimes conflated with Sun Tzu's \"\"The Art of War\"\". In April", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 29 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2878623", "chunk_text": "\"The Art of War (Machiavelli)\"\nas his art but that of war and its orders and discipline; for that is the only art which is of concern to one who commands.\"\" In the course of the sixteenth century twenty-one editions appeared and it was translated into French, English, German, and Latin. Montaigne named Machiavelli next to Caesar, Polybius, and Commynes as an authority on military affairs. Although in the seventeenth century changing military methods brought other writers to the fore, Machiavelli was still frequently quoted. In the eighteenth century, the Marshal de Saxe leaned heavily on him when he composed his \"\"Reveries upon the Art", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 30 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4459591", "chunk_text": "\"The Art of War\"\nfraud (mostly in the realm of commerce), Zhang Yingyu's The Book of Swindles (\"\"Du pian xin shu\"\" 杜騙新書, ca. 1617), which dates to the late Ming dynasty. Many business books have applied the lessons taken from the book to office politics and corporate business strategy. Many Japanese companies make the book required reading for their key executives. The book is also popular among Western business circles citing its utilitarian value regarding management practices. Many entrepreneurs and corporate executives have turned to it for inspiration and advice on how to succeed in competitive business situations. The book has also been applied", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 31 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4459588", "chunk_text": "\"The Art of War\"\npartitioned Vietnam into North and South. General Võ, later the main PVA military commander in the Vietnam War, was an avid student and practitioner of Sun Tzu's ideas. America's defeat there, more than any other event, brought Sun Tzu to the attention of leaders of American military theory. Finnish Field Marshal Mannerheim and general Aksel Airo were avid readers of \"\"Art of War\"\". They both read it in French; Airo kept the French translation of the book on his bedside table in his quarters. The Department of the Army in the United States, through its Command and General Staff College,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 32 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6511368", "chunk_text": "\"Sun Tzu\"\nArt of War\"\" of all surviving texts. Sun Tzu's \"\"Art of War\"\" has influenced many notable figures. The Chinese historian Sima Qian recounted that China's first historical emperor, Qin's Shi Huangdi, considered the book invaluable in ending the time of the Warring States. In the 20th century, the Chinese Communist leader Mao Zedong partially credited his 1949 victory over Chiang Kai-shek and the Kuomintang to \"\"The Art of War\"\". The work strongly influenced Mao's writings about guerrilla warfare, which further influenced communist insurgencies around the world. \"\"The Art of War\"\" was introduced into Japan and the book quickly became popular", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 33 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2929960", "chunk_text": "\"The Art of War (comics)\"\nVespoid and Trench augment their heavily armed investment bankers with myriad forms of drone technology and biotechnology to acquire the coveted black hole tech. All the while, Roman keeps an illustrated diary in which he writes down all of Sun Tzu's teachings (\"\"The Art of War\"\"). Roman rises through the ranks of Trench and ultimately wins the opportunity to avenge his brother, redeem himself for disfiguring the woman he loves, and save the United States from bankruptcy—but at tremendous personal cost. In May 2011, Kelly Roman and Michael Deweese staged a publicity stunt in New York's Chinatown during which they", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 34 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7762206", "chunk_text": "\"The War of Art (album)\"\nand searing guitars.\"\" \"\"Rough Edge\"\" said that the album \"\"is one hour plus of blistering, mind blowing, molten metal\"\" and that \"\"song after song after song is nothing less than a pure metal experience.\"\" The War of Art (album) The War of Art is the second album by the industrial metal band American Head Charge, released in 2001. The album was recorded at Rick Rubin's allegedly haunted recording studio. The title is a play on words of the Chinese book \"\"The Art of War\"\" by Sun Tzu. This is the band's only album with Aaron Zilch on samplers, and David", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 35 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2321659", "chunk_text": "Military\nfrom one week to a month, and are executed by Field Armies and Army Corps and their naval and air equivalents. Military tactics concerns itself with the methods for engaging and defeating the enemy in direct combat. Military tactics are usually used by units over hours or days, and are focused on the specific, close proximity tasks and objectives of squadrons, companies, battalions, regiments, brigades, and divisions, and their naval and air force equivalents. One of the oldest military publications is \"\"The Art of War\"\", by the Chinese philosopher Sun Tzu. Written in the 6th century BCE, the 13-chapter book", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 36 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2082406", "chunk_text": "\"The Art of War (Machiavelli)\"\nroof of a \"\"palazzo\"\" protecting the contents. Written between 1519 and 1520 and published the following year, it was Machiavelli's only historical or political work printed during his lifetime, though he was appointed official historian of Florence in 1520 and entrusted with minor civil duties. \"\"The Art of War\"\" is divided into a preface (\"\"proemio\"\") and seven books (chapters), which take the form of a series of dialogues that take place in the Orti Oricellari, the gardens built in a classical style by Bernardo Rucellai in the 1490s for Florentine aristocrats and humanists to engage in discussion, between Cosimo Rucellai", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 37 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9183602", "chunk_text": "\"Principles of war\"\nPrinciples of war The earliest known principles of war were documented by Sun Tzu, circa 500 BCE. Machiavelli published his \"\"General Rules\"\" in 1521 which were themselves modeled on Vegetius' \"\"Regulae bellorum generales\"\" (Epit. 3.26.1-33). Henri, Duke of Rohan established his \"\"Guides\"\" for war in 1644. Marquis de Silva presented his \"\"Principles\"\" for war in 1778. Henry Lloyd proffered his version of \"\"Rules\"\" for war in 1781 as well as his \"\"Axioms\"\" for war in 1781.Then in 1805, Antoine-Henri Jomini published his \"\"Maxims\"\" for War version 1, \"\"Didactic Resume\"\" and \"\"Maxims\"\" for War version 2. Carl von Clausewitz wrote his", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 38 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4459590", "chunk_text": "\"The Art of War\"\ncited by KGB officers in charge of disinformation operations in Vladimir Volkoff's novel \"\"Le Montage\"\". \"\"The Art of War\"\" has been applied to many fields well outside of the military. Much of the text is about how to fight wars without actually having to do battle: It gives tips on how to outsmart one's opponent so that physical battle is not necessary. As such, it has found application as a training guide for many competitive endeavors that do not involve actual combat. \"\"The Art of War\"\" is mentioned as an influence in the earliest known Chinese collection of stories about", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 39 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4459596", "chunk_text": "\"The Art of War\"\nordered in 1629. The translation of the military texts San-lüeh, Su-shu, and the Ta Ming hui-tien (the Ming law) done by Dahai was ordered by Nurhaci. While it was mainly administrative and ethical guidance which made up most of San-lüeh and Su Shu, military science was indeed found in the Liu-t'ao and Chinese military manuals were eagerly translated by the Manchus and the Manchus were also attracted to the military content in Romance of the Three Kingdoms which is why it was translated. Another Manchu translation was made by Aisin Gioro Qiying. The Art of War The Art of War", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 40 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2878622", "chunk_text": "\"The Art of War (Machiavelli)\"\nof Nassau and Gustavus Adolphus of Sweden. They would lay the foundations for the system of linear tactics which would dominate the warfare of Europe and the world until after the Napoleonic Wars. While Machiavelli's influence as a military theorist is often given a backseat to his writings as a political philosopher, that he considered \"\"Dell'arte della guerra\"\" to be his most important work is clear from his discussions of the military science and soldiery in other works. For example, in \"\"The Prince\"\" he declares that \"\"a prince should have no other object, no any other thought, nor take anything", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 41 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4459593", "chunk_text": "\"The Art of War\"\nancient work during their successful campaign. \"\"The Art of War\"\" is often quoted while developing tactics and/or strategy in Electronic Sports. Particularly, one of the fundamental books about e-sports, \"\"Play To Win\"\" by Massachusetts Institute of Technology graduate David Sirlin, is actually just an analysis about possible applications of the ideas from \"\"The Art of War\"\" in modern Electronic Sports. \"\"The Art of War\"\" was released in 2014 as an e-book companion alongside the Art of War DLC for Europa Universalis IV, a PC strategy game by Paradox Development Studios, with a foreword by Thomas Johansson. The book has been", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 42 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18776450", "chunk_text": "\"Guo Huaruo\"\nGuo Huaruo Guo Huaruo (; 1904−1995) was a Chinese military strategist and lieutenant general of the People's Liberation Army. According to Alastair Iain Johnston, Guo was until the mid-1980s \"\"the CCP's most authoritative interpreter and annotator\"\" of \"\"The Art of War\"\" by Sun Tzu, but Guo was \"\"practically unknown in the West\"\". Johnson said 'Guo stressed that from a Marxist–Leninist perspective the notion of \"\"not fighting and subduing the enemy\"\"'—the core of the conventional interpretation of Sun Zi—was un-Marxist, since class enemies could not be credibly defeated without the application of violence.' Around June 4, 1937, Guo was the dean", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 43 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2878617", "chunk_text": "\"The Art of War (Machiavelli)\"\nand \"\"Lord Fabrizio Colonna\"\" (many feel Colonna is a veiled disguise for Machiavelli himself, but this view has been challenged by scholars such as Mansfield), with other \"\"patrizi\"\" and captains of the recent Florentine republic: Zanobi Buondelmonti, Battista della Palla and Luigi Alamanni. The work is dedicated to Lorenzo di Filippo Strozzi, \"\"patrizio fiorentino\"\" in a preface which ostentatiously pronounces Machiavelli's authorship. After repeated uses of the first person singular to introduce the dialogue, Machiavelli retreats from the work, serving as neither narrator nor interlocutor. Fabrizio is enamored with the Roman Legions of the early to mid Roman Republic and", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 44 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18423518", "chunk_text": "\"Strategic management\"\nstrategy books such as \"\"The Art of War\"\" by Sun Tzu, \"\"On War\"\" by von Clausewitz, and \"\"The Red Book\"\" by Mao Zedong became business classics. From Sun Tzu, they learned the tactical side of military strategy and specific tactical prescriptions. From von Clausewitz, they learned the dynamic and unpredictable nature of military action. From Mao, they learned the principles of guerrilla warfare. Important marketing warfare books include \"\"Business War Games\"\" by Barrie James, \"\"Marketing Warfare\"\" by Al Ries and Jack Trout and \"\"Leadership Secrets of Attila the Hun\"\" by Wess Roberts. The four types of business warfare theories are:", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 45 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4459592", "chunk_text": "\"The Art of War\"\nto the field of education. \"\"The Art of War\"\" has been the subject of legal books and legal articles on the trial process, including negotiation tactics and trial strategy. \"\"The Art of War\"\" has also been applied in the world of sports. National Football League coach Bill Belichick is known to have read the book and used its lessons to gain insights in preparing for games. Australian cricket as well as Brazilian association football coaches Luiz Felipe Scolari and Carlos Alberto Parreira are known to have embraced the text. Scolari made the Brazilian World Cup squad of 2002 study the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 46 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3392071", "chunk_text": "\"Antoine-Henri Jomini\"\nAntoine-Henri Jomini Antoine-Henri, Baron Jomini (; 6 March 177924 March 1869) was a Swiss officer who served as a general in the French and later in the Russian service, and one of the most celebrated writers on the Napoleonic art of war. Jomini's ideas were a staple at military academies, the United States Military Academy at West Point being a prominent example; his theories were thought to have affected many officers who later served in the American Civil War. He coined the term \"\"logistics\"\" in his \"\"Summary of the Art of War\"\" (1838); see . Jomini was born in Payerne", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 47 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20694412", "chunk_text": "Diplomacy\nOttoman culture. One of the earliest realists in international relations theory was the 6th century BC military strategist Sun Tzu (d. 496 BC), author of \"\"The Art of War\"\". He lived during a time in which rival states were starting to pay less attention to traditional respects of tutelage to the Zhou Dynasty (c. 1050–256 BC) figurehead monarchs while each vied for power and total conquest. However, a great deal of diplomacy in establishing allies, bartering land, and signing peace treaties was necessary for each warring state, and the idealized role of the \"\"persuader/diplomat\"\" developed. From the Battle of Baideng", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 48 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1006029", "chunk_text": "\"Antoine-Henri Jomini\"\nCivil War, forced them to move beyond his geometric conventions and find other strategic solutions to the problems that confronted them. Antoine-Henri Jomini Antoine-Henri, Baron Jomini (; 6 March 177924 March 1869) was a Swiss officer who served as a general in the French and later in the Russian service, and one of the most celebrated writers on the Napoleonic art of war. Jomini's ideas were a staple at military academies, the United States Military Academy at West Point being a prominent example; his theories were thought to have affected many officers who later served in the American Civil War.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 49 } ]
test_3532	what was the first star trek enterprise ship?	n/a	[ "NCC-1701" ]	[]	n/a	n/a	n/a	[]	[ { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11560180", "chunk_text": "\"Starship Enterprise\"\nan instrumental role in the founding of several proto-Federation alliances. \"\"Enterprise\"\" had significant engagements with the Klingons, Suliban, Xindi and the Romulans and playing a central role in the \"\"Temporal Cold War.\"\" It is also featured as a model in \"\"Star Trek Into Darkness\"\". Three ships named USS \"\"Enterprise\"\" are featured in the original \"\"\"\" television series and the through seventh \"\"Star Trek\"\" films. Registry: Class: \"\"Constitution\"\" Service: 2245–2285 (40 years) Captains: Robert April (James Doohan), Christopher Pike (Jeffrey Hunter, Sean Kenney), James T. Kirk (William Shatner), Willard Decker (Stephen Collins) The Federation's first \"\"Enterprise\"\" is the main setting of", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 0 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7594757", "chunk_text": "\"Enterprise (NX-01)\"\n\"\"a sort of retro-futurism\"\". Several \"\"Enterprise\"\" toys and models have been released, including versions by Art Asylum, Diamond Select Toys, QMx and Eaglemoss Publications. In the original pitch for \"\"\"\" by creator Gene Roddenberry, the vessel that the series was set on was called the SS \"\"Yorktown\"\". The starship was subsequently renamed USS \"\"Enterprise\"\" before the start of the series because of the growing real world fame of the world's first nuclear-powered aircraft carrier, recently launched by the U.S. Navy as the . The name \"\"Enterprise\"\" has been linked with \"\"Star Trek\"\" since. A second \"\"Enterprise\"\" made its debut in", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 1 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19045874", "chunk_text": "\"Star Trek\"\nStar Trek Star Trek is an American space opera media franchise based on the science fiction television series created by Gene Roddenberry. The first television series, simply called \"\"Star Trek\"\" and now referred to as \"\"\"\"\"\"\"\", debuted in 1966 and aired for three seasons on the television network NBC. It followed the interstellar adventures of Captain James T. Kirk (William Shatner) and his crew aboard the starship USS \"\"Enterprise\"\", a space exploration vessel, built by the United Federation of Planets in the twenty-third century. The \"\"Star Trek\"\" canon of the franchise includes \"\"The Original Series\"\", an animated series, five spin-off", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 2 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13387843", "chunk_text": "\"Starship Enterprise\"\nthat was Earth's first attempt to explore another star system. \"\"The Making of Star Trek: The Motion Picture\"\", published in 1980, describes the ship as \"\"the very first starship U.S.S. \"\"Enterprise\"\"\"\". A painting of this ship hangs on the wall of Earth's 602 Club in flashbacks that appeared in the \"\"\"\" episode \"\"\"\" (2003). Registry: \"\"Enterprise\"\" (NX-01) Class: NX Service: 2151–2161 (10 years) Captain: Jonathan Archer (Scott Bakula) United Earth Starfleet's \"\"Enterprise\"\" is the main setting of \"\"\"\" (2001–2005). \"\"Enterprise\"\" was the first Earth built starship capable of reaching Warp 5. She was commanded by Captain Jonathan Archer and played", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 3 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13387841", "chunk_text": "\"Starship Enterprise\"\nStarship Enterprise Enterprise or USS \"\"Enterprise (often referred to as the \"\"Starship \"\"Enterprise\"\") is the name of several fictional spacecraft, some of which are the main craft and setting for various television series and films in the \"\"Star Trek\"\" science fiction franchise. The most notable were Captain James T. Kirk's from the , and Captain Jean-Luc Picard's from \"\"\"\". Two spacecraft with the name \"\"Enterprise\"\" predate the United Federation of Planets in \"\"Star Trek\"\"s fictional timeline. Registry: USS \"\"Enterprise\"\" (XCV 330) Class: \"\"Declaration\"\" Service: circa 2130s Captain: Unknown This USS \"\"Enterprise\"\" (XCV 330) appears in \"\"\"\" (1979) among a series", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 4 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8759004", "chunk_text": "\"Starship Enterprise\"\nthe \"\"Enterprise\"\"-E), under an official license from CBS. Starship Enterprise Enterprise or USS \"\"Enterprise (often referred to as the \"\"Starship \"\"Enterprise\"\") is the name of several fictional spacecraft, some of which are the main craft and setting for various television series and films in the \"\"Star Trek\"\" science fiction franchise. The most notable were Captain James T. Kirk's from the , and Captain Jean-Luc Picard's from \"\"\"\". Two spacecraft with the name \"\"Enterprise\"\" predate the United Federation of Planets in \"\"Star Trek\"\"s fictional timeline. Registry: USS \"\"Enterprise\"\" (XCV 330) Class: \"\"Declaration\"\" Service: circa 2130s Captain: Unknown This USS \"\"Enterprise\"\" (XCV", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 5 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11138178", "chunk_text": "\"Enterprise (NX-01)\"\nEnterprise (NX-01) Enterprise is a fictional spaceship that appears in the American science fiction television series \"\"\"\". It had the in-universe registration of NX-01 and appeared earlier in the franchise timeline than any other Starfleet ship named \"\"Enterprise\"\". The ship is first seen in the pilot episode \"\"\"\" and was seen throughout the series undergoing various upgrades. Its missions included an initial period of deep space exploration and a mission into the Delphic Expanse following the Xindi attack on Earth; it was also instrumental in the formation of the Coalition of Planets with the Vulcans, Andorians and Tellarites. The final", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 6 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17618110", "chunk_text": "\"USS Enterprise (NCC-1701)\"\nUSS Enterprise (NCC-1701) USS \"\"Enterprise\"\" (NCC-1701) is a starship in the \"\"Star Trek\"\" media franchise. It is the main setting of (1966–1969) and several \"\"Star Trek\"\" films, and it has been depicted in various spinoffs, films, books, products, and fan-created media. Under the command of Captain James T. Kirk, the \"\"Enterprise\"\" carries its crew on a mission \"\"to explore strange, new worlds; to seek out new life and new civilizations; to boldly go where no man has gone before\"\". Matt Jefferies designed the \"\"Enterprise\"\" for television, and its core design components — a saucer-shaped primary hull, two outset engine nacelles,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 7 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12717224", "chunk_text": "\"Star Trek: Enterprise\"\nStar Trek: Enterprise Star Trek: Enterprise, titled simply Enterprise for its first two seasons, is an American science fiction television series created by Rick Berman and Brannon Braga. It originally aired from September 26, 2001 to May 13, 2005 on UPN, spanning . The sixth series in the \"\"Star Trek\"\" franchise, it served as a prequel to \"\"\"\". Set in the 22nd century a hundred years before the events of \"\"The Original Series\"\", and just prior to the formation of the United Federation of Planets, the series follows the adventures of the \"\"Enterprise\"\", Earth's first starship capable of traveling at", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 8 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13387842", "chunk_text": "\"Starship Enterprise\"\nof illustrations depicting ships named \"\"Enterprise\"\". It also appears as a model in \"\"Star Trek Into Darkness\"\" (2013), together with models of a \"\"Wright Flyer\"\", a V-2 rocket, a Bell X-1, a Vostok-3KA capsule, a Space Shuttle orbiter, and some \"\"Star Trek\"\" universe starships. The 1979 \"\"Star Trek Spaceflight Chronology\"\" describes this \"\"first interstellar liner\"\" as a \"\"Declaration\"\"-class ship launched in 2123. Its length is given as , and it has a capacity of 100 crew and 850 passengers. The \"\"Star Trek Maps\"\" by New Eye Photography Editors, also published in 1979, listed this ship as a fusion drive probe", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 9 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11138215", "chunk_text": "\"USS Enterprise (NCC-1701-E)\"\nUSS Enterprise (NCC-1701-E) The USS \"\"Enterprise\"\" NCC-1701-E (or \"\"Enterprise\"\"-E, to distinguish it from prior and later starships with the same name) is a fictional starship in the \"\"Star Trek\"\" franchise. A \"\"Sovereign\"\"-class starship, it appears in the films \"\"\"\", \"\"\"\" and \"\"Star Trek Nemesis\"\", where it serves as the primary setting. It is the sixth Federation starship to carry the name \"\"Enterprise\"\". Ronald D. Moore, the co-writer of \"\"Star Trek Generations\"\" and \"\"Star Trek: First Contact\"\", has suggested that construction of the \"\"Enterprise\"\"-E began during the final season of \"\"The Next Generation\"\" (2370), and that the ship was renamed USS", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 10 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17618142", "chunk_text": "\"USS Enterprise (NCC-1701)\"\n\"\"Enterprise\"\". The vessel is destroyed in \"\"Star Trek Beyond\"\" and a new \"\"Enterprise\"\", NCC-1701-A, is commissioned under Kirk's command. When it first appeared on television, the \"\"Enterprise\"\" was an \"\"elegant and weird looking behemoth\"\". Although the contemporaneous Apollo program prompted awareness of the possibilities of space travel, the \"\"Enterprise\"\" sparked space travel fantasies. Jonathan Glancey described the \"\"convincing and exciting\"\" \"\"Enterprise\"\" as having the same aesthetic appeal as the Concorde jet, B-17 bomber, and \"\"Queen Elizabeth 2\"\" ocean liner. Like other \"\"Star Trek\"\" ships with the same name, the original \"\"Enterprise\"\" is \"\"a character in its own right\"\". Film critic", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 11 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7265043", "chunk_text": "\"Star Trek\"\nthe famously misquoted phrase \"\"Beam me up, Scotty\"\" entering the vernacular. The \"\"Star Trek\"\" replicator is credited in the scientific literature with inspiring the field of diatom nanotechnology. In 1976, following a letter-writing campaign, NASA named its prototype space shuttle \"\"Enterprise\"\", after the fictional starship. Later, the introductory sequence to \"\"Star Trek: Enterprise\"\" included footage of this shuttle which, along with images of a naval sailing vessel called \"\"Enterprise\"\", depicted the advancement of human transportation technology. Additionally, some contend that the \"\"Star Trek\"\" society resembles communism. Beyond \"\"Star Trek\"\"s fictional innovations, its contributions to TV history included a multicultural and", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 12 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13169876", "chunk_text": "\"USS Enterprise (NCC-1701-A)\"\nin 2286, at the end of the events depicted in \"\"\"\" and is the second \"\"Constitution\"\"-class Federation starship to carry the name \"\"Enterprise\"\". While the ship's history before its recommissioning as \"\"Enterprise\"\" has never been officially stated, several non-canon sources (such as the AMT/Ertl Model kit documentation) have claimed it to formerly be USS \"\"Yorktown\"\" (NCC-1717); others cite it as the newly built (but not yet commissioned) former USS \"\"Ti-Ho\"\" (NCC-1798), or the also newly built USS \"\"Atlantis\"\". The ship is placed under the command of newly demoted Captain James T. Kirk (William Shatner) as \"\"punishment\"\" for his and his", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 13 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11138216", "chunk_text": "\"USS Enterprise (NCC-1701-E)\"\n\"\"Enterprise\"\", which would become the latest flagship of the United Federation of Planets after the \"\"Enterprise\"\"-D had been destroyed. The \"\"Enterprise\"\"-E, a Sovereign class starship, launched in 2372 from the San Francisco Fleet Yards under the command of Captain Jean-Luc Picard, and most of the key officers from the \"\"Enterprise\"\"-D. According to the non-canon novel \"\"Ship of the Line\"\", the originally planned name for the vessel was USS \"\"Honorius\"\", and Montgomery Scott was part of the team of engineers that designed the \"\"Enterprise\"\"-E. In the film \"\"Star Trek: First Contact\"\", the \"\"Enterprise\"\" participates in the Battle of Sector 001, destroying", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 14 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13169874", "chunk_text": "\"USS Enterprise (NCC-1701-A)\"\nUSS Enterprise (NCC-1701-A) USS \"\"Enterprise\"\" NCC-1701-A (or \"\"Enterprise\"\"-A, to distinguish it from other vessels with the same name) is a starship in several \"\"Star Trek\"\" films. Visual effects supervisor Ken Ralston had hoped the \"\"Enterprise\"\"'s destruction in \"\"The Search for Spock\"\" would open the door to designing a new model for future films. However, producers for \"\"\"\" (1986) decided to have the crew return to a duplicate of their previous ship. Although a new model was not created, it took ILM more than six weeks to restore and repaint the ship to appear as the new USS \"\"Enterprise\"\", NCC-1701-A. Although", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 15 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4213115", "chunk_text": "\"USS Enterprise (CVN-65)\"\nwas unavailable for filming, so scenes depicting \"\"Enterprise\"\" were again filmed aboard USS \"\"Ranger\"\". More important for \"\"Star Trek\"\" lore, the first nuclear aircraft carrier was in position to inspire naming of Starship . The original premise by Gene Roddenberry dated March 1964 describes a starship USS \"\"Yorktown\"\". As USS \"\"Enterprise\"\" (CVN-65) was then one of the newest and most celebrated ships of the US Navy, occupying a similar status as the fictional Starship \"\"Enterprise\"\", the aircraft carrier may have inspired a name change. One of Art Director Matt Jefferies' original drawings depicts the Starship \"\"Enterprise\"\" with \"\"Enterprise\"\" (CVN-65) for", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 16 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "164626", "chunk_text": "\"Star Trek: Enterprise\"\nas well as the first warp vessel, the \"\"Phoenix\"\", and the \"\"Enterprise\"\" (NX-01). The \"\"Phoenix\"\" spacecraft was presented in the 1996 feature film \"\"\"\" as Earth's first warp vessel, whose inaugural warp flight triggered first contact with the Vulcans. The two-part episode \"\"In a Mirror, Darkly\"\" utilizes a different opening sequence than the remainder of the series, reflecting themes of war and conquest in the Mirror Universe. The series was considered for cancellation at the end of the second season, with Paramount executives instead requesting a number of changes to \"\"Enterprise\"\" in order to renew it following a letter writing", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 17 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17618146", "chunk_text": "\"USS Enterprise (NCC-1701)\"\nfan letters about the \"\"Enterprise\"\" than any of the actors. A write-in campaign in 1976 led to the first space shuttle being named \"\"Enterprise\"\" rather than \"\"Constitution\"\". In 2009, Virgin Galactic named its first commercial spaceship to honor the \"\"Star Trek\"\" vessel. \"\"Build the Enterprise\"\" is a website that proposes creating a functional spacecraft with a hull similar to the \"\"Enterprise\"\". The United States Navy evaluated the efficiency of the \"\"Enterprise\"\" bridge's style and layout, and the bridge of the USS \"\"Independence\"\" and the Ship's Mission Center of the USS \"\"Zumwalt\"\" have been compared to the \"\"Enterprise\"\"s bridge. An exacting", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 18 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "203471", "chunk_text": "\"Lists of Star Trek spacecraft\"\nLists of Star Trek spacecraft Lists of \"\"Star Trek\"\" spacecraft is listing of lists of spacecraft portrayed in the \"\"Star Trek\"\" franchise From a production point of view, the first \"\"Star Trek\"\" spacecraft was featured in the late 1960s science-fiction show \"\"Star Trek\"\", the USS Enterprise (NCC-1701) which was introduced in 1966. That show introduced a number of other vessels of the fictional Federation and especially aliens, one of the famous of these was the Klingon D-7 starship. Original studio models of these are held at the U.S. Smithsonian Institution's National Air and Space Museum, and the show is famous", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 19 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12717276", "chunk_text": "\"Star Trek: Enterprise\"\nposter by Dan Madsen at the \"\"Star Trek Communicator\"\" magazine. Eaves gave copies of this poster to Braga and Berman, with Berman suggesting the possibility that this could be a good concept for an opening sequence. The aim of the sequence was to follow the evolution of exploration, flight and space flight. As suggested by Eaves' poster, it included real-world vessels such as HMS \"\"Enterprise\"\", \"\"Spirit of St. Louis\"\", the Bell X-1, the Space Shuttle \"\"Enterprise\"\" amongst others in addition to the Mars rover \"\"Sojourner\"\" and the International Space Station. \"\"Star Trek\"\" vessels featured included two new designs by Eaves", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 20 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11138219", "chunk_text": "\"USS Enterprise (NCC-1701-E)\"\nto warp 9.995. USS Enterprise (NCC-1701-E) The USS \"\"Enterprise\"\" NCC-1701-E (or \"\"Enterprise\"\"-E, to distinguish it from prior and later starships with the same name) is a fictional starship in the \"\"Star Trek\"\" franchise. A \"\"Sovereign\"\"-class starship, it appears in the films \"\"\"\", \"\"\"\" and \"\"Star Trek Nemesis\"\", where it serves as the primary setting. It is the sixth Federation starship to carry the name \"\"Enterprise\"\". Ronald D. Moore, the co-writer of \"\"Star Trek Generations\"\" and \"\"Star Trek: First Contact\"\", has suggested that construction of the \"\"Enterprise\"\"-E began during the final season of \"\"The Next Generation\"\" (2370), and that the ship", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 21 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3910096", "chunk_text": "\"USS Enterprise (NCC-1701-D)\"\nat Farpoint\"\" under the command of Captain Jean-Luc Picard. Several episodes, as well as the ship's dedication plaque, establish that the \"\"Enterprise\"\" was built at the Utopia Planitia Fleet Yards in orbit around Mars. The \"\"Enterprise\"\"-D is the third \"\"Galaxy\"\"-class starship, after the pathfinder ship USS \"\"Galaxy\"\" and the USS \"\"Yamato\"\". The dedication plaque gives its commissioning date as 40759.5, which was intended to represent October 4, 2363, which would be the 406th anniversary of the launch of Sputnik, humanity's first spacecraft. During the \"\"Star Trek: The Next Generation\"\" series, the ship's crew makes first contact with many species, including", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 22 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11908497", "chunk_text": "\"Galileo (Star Trek)\"\nGalileo (Star Trek) Galileo is a fictional spacecraft that appeared in the 1960s American science-fiction television series \"\"\"\". It was a shuttlecraft assigned to the USS \"\"Enterprise\"\", and was the first of its type to be seen on screen in the franchise, appearing in the episode \"\"The Galileo Seven\"\". It appeared an additional four times in the series before being replaced by the Galileo II, a repaint of the full-size exterior model. Requests for building the props required to allow a shuttle to appear in episodes were initially turned down by Desilu Productions due to the cost. When Aluminum Model", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 23 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17618149", "chunk_text": "\"USS Enterprise (NCC-1701)\"\na filming model and inspirational starship. In 2006, Paul Allen bought the \"\"Enterprise\"\" model created for the original \"\"Star Trek\"\" films for $240,000, and it is on display at the Museum of Pop Culture. Another model of the original film version is on display at aerospace company Blue Origin. The original ship's captain's chair sold at auction for $304,750. Vulcan, Alberta, created a model starship inspired by the \"\"Enterprise\"\". The \"\"Enterprise\"\" design has been licensed for use in variety of games, models, and toys. Ballentine Books released a set of 12 \"\"Enterprise\"\" interior and exterior blueprints in April 1975, and", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 24 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17618116", "chunk_text": "\"USS Enterprise (NCC-1701)\"\nmember of the Starship Class\"\". The ship was changed to \"\"Constitution\"\" class with the release of Franz Joseph's \"\"Star Fleet Technical Manual\"\" in 1975. The first miniature built from Jefferies' drawings was a four-inch scale model. Desilu Studios, which was producing \"\"Star Trek\"\", hired experienced film and television modelmaker Richard C. Datin to make a pre-production model. Datin used a subcontractor with a large lathe for major subcomponents and otherwise worked on the model for about 110 hours in November 1964. The model was made mostly of pine, with Plexiglass and brass details. Datin made minor changes after Roddenberry's review,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 25 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12717229", "chunk_text": "\"Star Trek: Enterprise\"\nthe adventures of the crew of the starship \"\"Enterprise\"\", designation NX-01. They are the first deep space explorers in Starfleet, using the first Warp 5 equipped vessel. At the start of the series, it is revealed that the Vulcans have withheld advanced technology from humanity since their first contact, concerned that humans were not ready for it. This has delayed human space exploration and caused resentment in Captain Jonathan Archer, whose father developed the Warp 5 engine but did not live to see it used. \"\"Enterprise\"\" was intentionally equipped with less advanced versions of technologies seen in previous series. For", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 26 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11571630", "chunk_text": "\"Lists of Star Trek spacecraft\"\nfictional \"\"Star Trek\"\" universe includes several spacegoing species and groups: Lists of Star Trek spacecraft Lists of \"\"Star Trek\"\" spacecraft is listing of lists of spacecraft portrayed in the \"\"Star Trek\"\" franchise From a production point of view, the first \"\"Star Trek\"\" spacecraft was featured in the late 1960s science-fiction show \"\"Star Trek\"\", the USS Enterprise (NCC-1701) which was introduced in 1966. That show introduced a number of other vessels of the fictional Federation and especially aliens, one of the famous of these was the Klingon D-7 starship. Original studio models of these are held at the U.S. Smithsonian Institution's", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 27 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17618115", "chunk_text": "\"USS Enterprise (NCC-1701)\"\ncodes assigned to the United States. The second \"\"C\"\" was added because Soviet aircraft used \"\"C\"\"s, and Jefferies believed a venture into space would be a joint operation by the United States and Russia. \"\"NCC\"\" is the Starfleet abbreviation for \"\"Naval Construction Contract\"\", comparable to what the U.S. Navy would call a hull number. Jefferies rejected \"\"3\"\", \"\"6\"\", \"\"8\"\", and \"\"9\"\" as \"\"too easily confused\"\" on screen; he eventually reasoned the \"\"Enterprise\"\" was the first vessel of Starfleet's 17th starship design, hence \"\"1701\"\". \"\"The Making of Star Trek\"\" explains that \"\"USS\"\" means \"\"United Space Ship\"\" and that \"\"\"\"Enterprise\"\" is a", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 28 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7594784", "chunk_text": "\"Enterprise (NX-01)\"\nafter those seen in \"\"Terra Prime\"\" in 2161, but are actually related in the holodeck on board \"\"Enterprise\"\"-D during the events of the \"\"Star Trek: The Next Generation\"\" episode \"\"\"\". Following the Romulan war, \"\"Enterprise\"\" is diverted en route to Earth where is it due to be present for the signing of the Federation charter. The non-canon Shatnerverse novel \"\"Captain's Glory\"\" states that following its decommissioning, \"\"Enterprise\"\" was placed into the orbit of Pluto as a museum piece. \"\"Enterprise\"\" appeared in the video games \"\"\"\" and \"\"\"\", both released in 2006. It is the first vessel that the player controls", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 29 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14138380", "chunk_text": "\"Star Trek: The Original Series\"\nStar Trek: The Original Series Star Trek is an American science fiction television series created by Gene Roddenberry that follows the adventures of the starship and its crew. It later acquired the retronym of Star Trek: The Original Series (TOS) to distinguish the show within the media franchise that it began. The show is set in the Milky Way galaxy, roughly during the 2260s. The ship and crew are led by Captain James T. Kirk (William Shatner), first officer and science officer Spock (Leonard Nimoy), and chief medical officer Leonard McCoy (DeForest Kelley). Shatner's voice-over introduction during each episode's opening", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 30 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8758999", "chunk_text": "\"Starship Enterprise\"\ntwo episodes of \"\"The Original Series\"\" (TOS), Kirk refers to the \"\"United Space Ship \"\"Enterprise\"\"\"\". In 1976, before \"\"\"\", Paramount had planned a \"\"Star Trek\"\" film to have been named \"\"\"\". Early in the production, Ralph McQuarrie had been hired to redesign the \"\"Enterprise\"\". The major feature of the redesign was to replace the cigar-shaped secondary hull with a larger, triangle-shaped \"\"delta wing\"\" section. McQuarrie's design was discarded in favor of keeping the general shape of the \"\"Enterprise\"\" intact for the redesign unveiled in \"\"\"\". Three decades later, the McQuarrie design for the \"\"Enterprise\"\" was adopted as the basis for", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 31 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15762390", "chunk_text": "\"Enterprise (NX-01)\"\nZimmerman described it saying, \"\"You're going to see a very powerful engine that looks like a very powerful engine.\"\" The ship first appeared in the pilot of \"\"\"\", \"\"Broken Bow\"\". The episode showed the maiden voyage of \"\"Enterprise\"\", with the crew returning a Klingon named Klang (Tom Lister, Jr.) to his homeworld, Qo'noS. Following that success, the ship and crew are ordered to begin a deep space exploration mission. At launch, the vessel was limited to a maximum speed of warp 5 and was equipped with an experimental transporter. The ship was launched three weeks ahead of schedule on April", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 32 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11138185", "chunk_text": "\"Enterprise (NX-01)\"\nthe ship seen in \"\"The Original Series\"\". That throwback styling had been partially inspired by Berman viewing the throwback concept in the 2002 Ford Thunderbird, itself a modern update of the original Thunderbird. Following that concept, the designers took the styling of the USS \"\"Enterprise\"\" from \"\"The Original Series\"\" and updated it, but ultimately it looked too much like a simple update to the same vessel. The second design concept was similar to the \"\"Akira\"\"-class starship as seen on television in the \"\"\"\" and \"\"Voyager\"\" era, with the producers initially intending to use that class of vessel for \"\"Enterprise\"\" before", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 33 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17618138", "chunk_text": "\"USS Enterprise (NCC-1701)\"\n\"\"Star Trek\"\". Another \"\"Discovery\"\" producer, Greg Harberts isn't worried whether fans are satisfied with the ship's redesign: while many of the staff who developed the new appearance are \"\"Star Trek\"\" fans, Harberts stated fans rarely agree on anything. Starfleet commissioned the \"\"Enterprise\"\" in 2245. Robert April is the \"\"Enterprise\"\"s first captain, succeeded by Christopher Pike. Pike leads the \"\"Enterprise\"\" for about a decade and is the commanding officer in the original pilot, \"\"The Cage\"\". Throughout the first live action and animated \"\"Star Trek\"\" television series, Captain James T. Kirk commands the ship on an exploration mission from 2264 to 2269.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 34 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15762379", "chunk_text": "\"Enterprise (NX-01)\"\nHerman Zimmerman convinced them to go with a design with greater inspiration from \"\"The Original Series\"\". The \"\"Akira\"\" itself had been created by Alex Jaeger for the 1996 film \"\"\"\" with influences from \"\"Battlestar Galactica\"\", the Klingon Bird of Prey and the \"\"Miranda\"\"-class starship originally seen in \"\"\"\". A similar design was created for \"\"Star Trek: The Academy Years\"\", a film proposed by Harve Bennett in 1989. This featured the primary hull of \"\"Enterprise\"\" seen in \"\"The Original Series\"\", but without a secondary hull. \"\"Enterprise\"\" NX-01 was designed by Doug Drexler, and based on the features of the \"\"Akira\"\"-class. The", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 35 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20203148", "chunk_text": "\"Star Trek\"\nMay 13, 2005. \"\"Enterprise\"\" takes place in the 2150s, some 90 years after the events of Zefram Cochrane's first warp flight and about a decade before the founding of the Federation. The show centers on the voyages of Earth's first warp 5 capable starship, \"\"Enterprise\"\", commanded by Captain Jonathan Archer (played by Scott Bakula), and the Vulcan Sub-Commander T'Pol (played by Jolene Blalock). During the show's first two seasons, \"\"Enterprise\"\" featured self-contained episodes, like \"\"The Original Series\"\", \"\"The Next Generation\"\" and \"\"Voyager\"\". The third season consisted of one arc, \"\"Xindi mission\"\", which had a darker tone and serialized nature similar", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 36 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15965633", "chunk_text": "\"Starship Enterprise\"\nChal. Registry: USS \"\"Enterprise\"\" (NCC-1701-B) Class: \"\"Excelsior\"\"-class refit Service: 2293–2329 (36 years) Captains: John Harriman (Alan Ruck) Launched at the start of \"\"Star Trek Generations\"\" (1994). James T. Kirk is declared missing, presumed killed, after the ship encounters the Nexus energy ribbon on its maiden voyage. Non-canon information concerning this ship includes \"\"Star Trek\"\" novels listing Demora Sulu (Jacqueline Kim) succeeding Harriman as captain; also, William George, Demora Sulu, and Thomas Johnson, Jr. are listed as the official captains in various licensed guides such as the \"\"Haynes Enterprise Manual\"\". Three ships named \"\"Enterprise\"\" are featured in \"\"\"\" and four \"\"TNG\"\"-era", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 37 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20001793", "chunk_text": "\"Star Trek: Enterprise (season 1)\"\nStar Trek: Enterprise (season 1) Season one of \"\"\"\", an American television series, began airing on September 26, 2001, on UPN. The season concluded after 26 episodes on May 22, 2002. The series was developed by Rick Berman and Brannon Braga, who also served as executive producers. Season one regular cast members include Scott Bakula, Jolene Blalock, Connor Trinneer, Dominic Keating, Linda Park, Anthony Montgomery and John Billingsley. The first two seasons of \"\"Star Trek: Enterprise\"\" depict the human exploration of interstellar space by the crew of an Earth ship able to go farther and faster than any humans had", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 38 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14138622", "chunk_text": "\"Star Trek: Enterprise\"\nnumbers of \"\"Enterprise\"\" related books was not due to poor sales, but instead because the fourth season of the show addressed topics that had been previously intended for novelizations. Books released subsequent to the end of the series as part of the covered topics such as the Earth-Romulan War, and the initial years of the Federation. In the video games \"\"\"\" and \"\"\"\", both released in 2006, the first vessel controlled by the player in each storyline is the \"\"Enterprise\"\" (NX-01). As both games progress chronologically, the gamer then moves onto the USS \"\"Enterprise\"\" seen in \"\"The Original Series\"\" and", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 39 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17618112", "chunk_text": "\"USS Enterprise (NCC-1701)\"\nscience fiction spacecraft. The \"\"Enterprise\"\" was originally going to be named \"\"Yorktown\"\". Pato Guzman was the original art director assigned to \"\"Star Trek\"\"; Matt Jefferies, his assistant, took over when Guzman left the project. Jefferies, who was not a science fiction fan, was the primary designer of the \"\"Enterprise\"\" and based his work on concepts from series creator Gene Roddenberry. Roddenberry did not have any ideas about what the ship should look like, but he laid out several parameters for the ship: Roddenberry further specified that the \"\"Enterprise\"\" would operate mainly in space, have a crew of 100-150, and be", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 40 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11138214", "chunk_text": "\"Enterprise (NX-01)\"\nInto Darkness\"\", including the one of \"\"Enterprise\"\". \"\"Enterprise\"\" has also been released as a model kit by Round 2 Models as part of their Polar Lights line. These include both the version seen in the television series, and the refit design intended for season five. Enterprise (NX-01) Enterprise is a fictional spaceship that appears in the American science fiction television series \"\"\"\". It had the in-universe registration of NX-01 and appeared earlier in the franchise timeline than any other Starfleet ship named \"\"Enterprise\"\". The ship is first seen in the pilot episode \"\"\"\" and was seen throughout the series undergoing", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 41 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13169881", "chunk_text": "\"USS Enterprise (NCC-1701-A)\"\noriginal design. In October 2006, Christie's auctioned the \"\"Enterprise\"\"-A shooting model for $240,000. USS Enterprise (NCC-1701-A) USS \"\"Enterprise\"\" NCC-1701-A (or \"\"Enterprise\"\"-A, to distinguish it from other vessels with the same name) is a starship in several \"\"Star Trek\"\" films. Visual effects supervisor Ken Ralston had hoped the \"\"Enterprise\"\"'s destruction in \"\"The Search for Spock\"\" would open the door to designing a new model for future films. However, producers for \"\"\"\" (1986) decided to have the crew return to a duplicate of their previous ship. Although a new model was not created, it took ILM more than six weeks to restore", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 42 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12836848", "chunk_text": "Starfleet\nincluded additional UESPA references, such as Captain Jean-Luc Picard's family album in \"\"Star Trek Generations\"\". During the production of \"\"\"\", some larger Starfleet insignia designs included the name \"\"United Earth Space Probe Agency\"\". Many \"\"\"\" episodes refer to Starfleet having already been in operation in 2119, when it funded research begun by Cochrane and Henry Archer leading to the first successful flight of Warp 3 vessels in the 2140s. This research is said to have evolved into the NX Program, which led to Starfleet launching its first Warp 5-capable starship, \"\"Enterprise\"\" (NX-01), in 2151, followed by \"\"Columbia\"\" (NX-02), in 2155,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 43 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11577515", "chunk_text": "\"Space Shuttle Enterprise\"\nSpace Shuttle Enterprise Space Shuttle \"\"Enterprise\"\" (Orbiter Vehicle Designation: OV-101) was the first orbiter of the Space Shuttle system. Rolled out on September 17, 1976, it was built for NASA as part of the Space Shuttle program to perform atmospheric test flights after being launched from a modified Boeing 747. It was constructed without engines or a functional heat shield, and was therefore not capable of spaceflight. Originally, \"\"Enterprise\"\" had been intended to be refitted for orbital flight to become the second space-rated orbiter in service. However, during the construction of , details of the final design changed, making it", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 44 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11999745", "chunk_text": "\"First Flight (Star Trek: Enterprise)\"\nBase and the first NASA astronauts. Reference is also made to the Apollo 11 lunar landing, when Archer mentions that no-one remembers astronaut Buzz Aldrin's first words when he stepped onto the moon. His actual first words were \"\"Beautiful view.\"\" Warp drive was first mentioned in Gene Roddenberry's first-draft pitch for \"\"Star Trek\"\", dated March 11, 1964, although in that version it was referred to as a \"\"space-warp drive\"\". The drive allows for a vessel to travel faster than the speed of light by warping space-time around the ship itself. In 1994, physicist Miguel Alcubierre created the theoretical Alcubierre drive,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 45 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17618144", "chunk_text": "\"USS Enterprise (NCC-1701)\"\n\"\"The Motion Picture\"\" \"\"bold\"\" and \"\"handsome\"\". Harris lists the \"\"Enterprise\"\" as one of the 50 most significant objects in film, alongside the Ruby slippers in \"\"The Wizard of Oz\"\", the Maschinenmensch in \"\"Metropolis\"\", and the Batmobile in \"\"Batman Begins\"\". In its review of \"\"Star Trek II\"\", \"\"The Washington Post\"\" said the \"\"Enterprise\"\" looked \"\"like a toy boat in a lava lamp\"\". After being depicted as a complicated vessel requiring detailed care in \"\"The Wrath of Khan\"\", \"\"Entertainment Weekly\"\" called it \"\"a bit loony\"\" for the \"\"Enterprise\"\" to be operable by just a handful of officers in \"\"The Search for Spock.\"\"", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 46 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15762380", "chunk_text": "\"Enterprise (NX-01)\"\nnew class itself was designated as \"\"NX\"\" by the producers, but Drexler referred to it as the \"\"Enterprise\"\"-class due to the naval tradition of naming the class after the first vessel. Drexler had intended for the ship to be similar in design to the \"\"Daedalus\"\"-class starship with a sphere-shaped primary hull, but the producers wanted a flat saucer-shaped hull as it was more immediately recognizable as a \"\"Star Trek\"\" vessel. Drexler deliberately attempted to insert references to \"\"The Original Series\"\" into the ship. One of these was narrow struts leading from the body of the ship to the warp nacelles", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 47 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17618111", "chunk_text": "\"USS Enterprise (NCC-1701)\"\nand a cylindrical secondary hull — have persisted across several television and film redesigns. After the \"\"Enterprise\"\"s destruction in the third franchise film, that vessel's filming model was redressed and depicted as its successor starship, the USS \"\"Enterprise\"\", NCC-1701-A. Initially a vision of the potential for human spaceflight, the original \"\"Enterprise\"\" became a popular culture icon. The vessel's original appearance influenced the design of subsequent franchise spacecraft. The model filmed for \"\"Star Trek\"\" has been on display for decades at the National Air and Space Museum. The \"\"Enterprise\"\" has repeatedly been identified as one of the best-designed and most influential", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 48 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7594760", "chunk_text": "\"Enterprise (NX-01)\"\nable to travel up to warp 5, as he felt that after three series being set in roughly the same time period it would be exciting for the fans. The was originally intended to be based around the construction of the ship. However, UPN wanted a more typical ship-based \"\"Star Trek\"\" series and so the ship was presented as almost finished in the pilot episode, \"\"\"\". Before the start of the series, the ship was referred to as the SS \"\"Enterprise\"\". An early design was for a version with a secondary hull, but it appeared to be too similar to", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 49 } ]
test_3533	star trek the next generation season 3 episode 24?	n/a	[ "\"Ménage à Troi\"" ]	[]	n/a	n/a	n/a	[]	[ { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8128636", "chunk_text": "\"Star Trek: The Next Generation (season 3)\"\nlater regretted. Other changes included a modification to the opening sequence, and changes to the Starfleet uniforms on the show, which resulted in the creation of Patrick Stewart's \"\"Picard Maneuver\"\". The season opened with Nielsen ratings of 10.8 for \"\"\"\" with the highest rated episode being \"\"Yesterday's Enterprise\"\" which scored 11.9. This was the highest rating received since the sixth episode of the first season. The lowest rating of the season was received by the 23rd episode, \"\"Ménage à Troi\"\", which was given a score of 9.1. After a couple of initial ranking decreases, the episodes in the second half", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 0 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8128643", "chunk_text": "\"Star Trek: The Next Generation (season 3)\"\nthat the Pulaski character was not working. Season three saw further appearances for several recurring characters from the franchise, including John de Lancie as Q in \"\"Déjà Q\"\", Majel Barrett as Lwaxana Troi in \"\"Ménage à Troi\"\", who had both appeared in multiple episodes of previous seasons. It also featured an appearance by Mark Lenard as Sarek. Lenard had previously appeared in this role in the \"\"\"\" episode \"\"Journey to Babel\"\" as well as the film franchise. Denise Crosby, whose character Tasha Yar was killed in the episode \"\"Skin of Evil\"\", returned in \"\"Yesterday's Enterprise\"\" due to changes to the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 1 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3959866", "chunk_text": "\"Code of Honor (Star Trek: The Next Generation)\"\nCode of Honor (Star Trek: The Next Generation) \"\"Code of Honor\"\" is the third episode of the American science fiction television series \"\"\"\", originally aired on October 12, 1987, in broadcast syndication. The episode was written by Katharyn Powers and Michael Baron and was directed by Russ Mayberry. Mayberry was replaced part way through the filming of the episode with first assistant director Les Landau. Set in the 24th century, the series follows the adventures of the crew of the Starfleet starship \"\"Enterprise\"\"-D. In this episode, while the ship is visiting the planet Ligon II to retrieve a vaccine, crewman", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 2 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9990430", "chunk_text": "\"The Best of Both Worlds (Star Trek: The Next Generation)\"\nThe Best of Both Worlds (Star Trek: The Next Generation) \"\"The Best of Both Worlds\"\" is the 26th episode of the third season and the first episode of the fourth season of the American science fiction television series \"\"\"\". It comprises the 74th and 75th episodes of the series overall. The first part was originally aired on June 18, 1990, and the second on September 24, 1990 in broadcast syndication. The story occurs across stardates 43989.1 – 44002.3 (December 2366/January 2367 by the Okuda timeline). Set in the 24th century, the series follows the adventures of the crew of the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 3 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13212684", "chunk_text": "\"Code of Honor (Star Trek: The Next Generation)\"\nin March 2002, and was released as part of the season one Blu-ray set on July 24, 2012. Code of Honor (Star Trek: The Next Generation) \"\"Code of Honor\"\" is the third episode of the American science fiction television series \"\"\"\", originally aired on October 12, 1987, in broadcast syndication. The episode was written by Katharyn Powers and Michael Baron and was directed by Russ Mayberry. Mayberry was replaced part way through the filming of the episode with first assistant director Les Landau. Set in the 24th century, the series follows the adventures of the crew of the Starfleet starship", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 4 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7472906", "chunk_text": "\"The Paradise Syndrome\"\ndoor. Kirk and Spock enter and Spock activates the deflector with minutes to spare. Later, in Kirk and Miramanee's lodge, McCoy tells Kirk that she will not survive. Kirk holds Miramanee in his arms as she dies. The Paradise Syndrome \"\"The Paradise Syndrome\"\" is the third episode of the of the American science fiction television series \"\"\"\", and was broadcast October 4, 1968. It is episode #58, production #58, written by Margaret Armen and directed by Jud Taylor. In the episode, an alien device on a primitive planet erases Captain Kirk's memory, and he begins a new life with the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 5 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5206277", "chunk_text": "\"Genesis (Star Trek: The Next Generation)\"\nGenesis (Star Trek: The Next Generation) \"\"Genesis\"\" is the 171st episode of the American science fiction television series \"\"\"\" and the 19th episode of the . It was directed by series cast member Gates McFadden. Captain Jean-Luc Picard and Data return to the USS \"\"Enterprise\"\" to discover the rest of the crew de-evolved into primitive forms of life, including spiders, amphibians and cave men. The given stardate is 47653.2, the year 2370. Worf fires a torpedo that veers off course during weapons exercises, and Picard and Data leave in a shuttlecraft to retrieve it from space. Data leaves his pregnant", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 6 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5383712", "chunk_text": "\"Damage (Star Trek: Enterprise)\"\nDamage (Star Trek: Enterprise) \"\"Damage\"\" is the seventy-first episode of the television series \"\"\"\", the nineteenth episode of the third season. The story is a continuation from the previous episode, \"\"Azati Prime.\"\" \"\"\"\" recurring guest star Casey Biggs (Damar) is featured as an Illyrian captain. Even though \"\"Enterprise\"\" is severely damaged, the Xindi unexpectedly break off the attack of the previous episode. Reptilian Commander Dolim, is angered by the recall, after the other Xindi begin to doubt that Earth ship represents the same threat they previously imagined. The Primate Degra argues that the evidence of interference in Xindi culture, provided", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 7 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8128651", "chunk_text": "\"Star Trek: The Next Generation (season 3)\"\nthe end of season two, \"\"The Next Generation\"\" had risen to become the third most viewed series in its timeslot. \"\"Evolution\"\" opened the third season with Nielsen ratings 10.8 according to Nielsen Media Research. These were among the second lowest ratings of the season, with only the 23rd episode, \"\"Menage a Troi\"\", scoring lower with 9.1. Although other episodes received higher Nielsen ratings, they were ranked lower in comparison to other series in the same timeslot. \"\"The Bonding\"\" was ranked 6th, while \"\"The Vengeance Factor\"\" was ranked 5th. Following the latter, the series rose back to 3rd with only occasional", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 8 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5206282", "chunk_text": "\"Genesis (Star Trek: The Next Generation)\"\nserved as the make-up supervisor for \"\"Genesis\"\". Genesis (Star Trek: The Next Generation) \"\"Genesis\"\" is the 171st episode of the American science fiction television series \"\"\"\" and the 19th episode of the . It was directed by series cast member Gates McFadden. Captain Jean-Luc Picard and Data return to the USS \"\"Enterprise\"\" to discover the rest of the crew de-evolved into primitive forms of life, including spiders, amphibians and cave men. The given stardate is 47653.2, the year 2370. Worf fires a torpedo that veers off course during weapons exercises, and Picard and Data leave in a shuttlecraft to retrieve", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 9 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9990449", "chunk_text": "\"The Best of Both Worlds (Star Trek: The Next Generation)\"\n8083], to include previously unreleased material by Jones. The Best of Both Worlds (Star Trek: The Next Generation) \"\"The Best of Both Worlds\"\" is the 26th episode of the third season and the first episode of the fourth season of the American science fiction television series \"\"\"\". It comprises the 74th and 75th episodes of the series overall. The first part was originally aired on June 18, 1990, and the second on September 24, 1990 in broadcast syndication. The story occurs across stardates 43989.1 – 44002.3 (December 2366/January 2367 by the Okuda timeline). Set in the 24th century, the series", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 10 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1741977", "chunk_text": "\"Preemptive Strike (Star Trek: The Next Generation)\"\nPreemptive Strike (Star Trek: The Next Generation) \"\"Preemptive Strike\"\" is the 176th episode of the syndicated American science fiction television series \"\"\"\". It is the 24th episode of the , and penultimate episode of the series overall, directed by cast member Patrick Stewart (Captain Jean-Luc Picard). Set in the 24th century, the series follows the adventures of the crew of the Federation starship USS \"\"Enterprise\"\"-D. In this episode, the recurring character Ro Laren (Michelle Forbes), a court-martialed Starfleet officer who first appeared in the episode \"\"\"\", finds her loyalties divided between Starfleet and a group of resistance fighters who oppose", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 11 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8128641", "chunk_text": "\"Star Trek: The Next Generation (season 3)\"\nMoore in \"\"The Bonding\"\" and Piller in \"\"Evolution\"\", and said that \"\"Yesterday's Enterprise\"\" was one of his favourite episodes. The season also saw a relaxation in Gene Roddenberry's previous direction that \"\"The Next Generation\"\" could not touch on aspects of \"\"The Original Series\"\". This was seen in the episode \"\"\"\", but was specifically related to the end of the episode where Captain Jean-Luc Picard mentions Spock during a mind meld with Sarek. Piller described this one act as \"\"the breakthrough which allowed us to open the doors, that allowed us to begin to embrace our past.\"\" Gates McFadden returned to", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 12 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8128634", "chunk_text": "\"Star Trek: The Next Generation (season 3)\"\nStar Trek: The Next Generation (season 3) The third season of the American science fiction television series \"\"\"\" commenced airing in broadcast syndication in the United States on September 25, 1989 and concluded on June 18, 1990 after airing 26 episodes. Set in the 24th century, the series follows the adventures of the crew of the Starfleet starship \"\"Enterprise\"\"-D. Season three featured the return of Gates McFadden as Dr. Beverly Crusher after she was replaced by Diana Muldaur for the . The season also saw the debut of several actors who would reappear in the same roles and others throughout", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 13 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8128647", "chunk_text": "\"Star Trek: The Next Generation (season 3)\"\nand \"\". He would later reappear in episodes of later seasons, in both \"\"Future Imperfect\"\" and the series finale \"\"\"\". Charles Cooper and Patrick Massett appeared as K'mpec and Duras respectively in \"\"\"\", and would also appear in those roles once more in \"\"\"\" in the fourth season. A number of other actors also appeared during the season in prominent guest star roles, including Saul Rubinek, Tricia O'Neil, Harry Groener and James Sloyan. Groener returned to \"\"Star Trek\"\" during the final season of \"\"\"\" in a different role during the episodes \"\"\"\" and \"\"Terra Prime\"\". Robert Blackman joined the crew", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 14 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18090697", "chunk_text": "\"Descent (Star Trek: The Next Generation)\"\nDescent (Star Trek: The Next Generation) \"\"Descent\"\" is the 26th episode of the and the first episode of the of the American science fiction television series \"\"\"\", the 152nd and 153rd episodes overall. Set in the 24th century, the series follows the adventures of the crew of the Federation starship \"\"Enterprise\"\". The episode features a guest appearance by Stephen Hawking, making it the only episode to feature a guest star appearing as themselves on any \"\"Trek\"\" series. On the holodeck, Lt. Commander Data plays a game of poker with holographic representations of Sir Isaac Newton, Albert Einstein, and Stephen Hawking.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 15 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13207756", "chunk_text": "\"The Survivors (Star Trek: The Next Generation)\"\nThe Survivors (Star Trek: The Next Generation) \"\"The Survivors\"\" is the third episode of the of the American science fiction television series \"\"\"\", the 51st episode overall, first broadcast on October 9, 1989. Set in the 24th century, the series follows the adventures of the crew of the Federation starship \"\"Enterprise\"\". In this episode, the \"\"Enterprise\"\" reaches a Federation colony where all but two of the 11,000 inhabitants have been killed by a mysterious attacker. The two survivors, Kevin and Rishon Uxbridge, an elderly couple (played by John Anderson and Anne Haney), refuse assistance and do not want to be", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 16 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15752158", "chunk_text": "\"I Am Sylar\"\nI Am Sylar \"\"I Am Sylar\"\" is the twenty-fourth episode of the third season of the NBC science fiction drama series \"\"Heroes\"\" and fifty-eighth episode overall. The episode aired on April 20, 2009. It is the penultimate episode of season 3, and volume 4. The episode opens with the scene from the previous episode, showing Angela Petrelli and the group seeing Nathan Petrelli, though actually Sylar, giving a press conference on TV. The episode then proceeds to recount what happened 18 hours earlier. Sylar has been having an identity crisis after being forced by Emile Danko to live the life", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 17 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7585520", "chunk_text": "\"I Am Sylar\"\nI Am Sylar \"\"I Am Sylar\"\" is the twenty-fourth episode of the third season of the NBC science fiction drama series \"\"Heroes\"\" and fifty-eighth episode overall. The episode aired on April 20, 2009. It is the penultimate episode of season 3, and volume 4. The episode opens with the scene from the previous episode, showing Angela Petrelli and the group seeing Nathan Petrelli, though actually Sylar, giving a press conference on TV. The episode then proceeds to recount what happened 18 hours earlier. Sylar has been having an identity crisis after being forced by Emile Danko to live the life", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 18 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16565522", "chunk_text": "\"Peak Performance (Star Trek: The Next Generation)\"\nPeak Performance (Star Trek: The Next Generation) \"\"Peak Performance\"\" is the 21st episode of the of the American science fiction television series \"\"\"\", the 47th episode overall, first broadcast on July 10, 1989. Set in the 24th century, the series follows the adventures of the crew of the Federation starship \"\"Enterprise\"\". In this episode, while in the midst of a war-game exercise, a Ferengi marauder intrudes. The \"\"Enterprise\"\", under the command of Captain Jean-Luc Picard, is ordered by Starfleet Command to take part in simulated combat exercises to prepare for the Borg threat. A renowned Zakdorn strategist named Sirna Kolrami", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 19 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8530866", "chunk_text": "\"Interface (Star Trek: The Next Generation)\"\nInterface (Star Trek: The Next Generation) \"\"Interface\"\" is the 155th episode of the American syndicated science fiction television series \"\"\"\", the third episode of the . In this episode, Geordi La Forge uses an experimental interface to his VISOR to try to reach his missing mother, a Starfleet captain. At the beginning of the episode, Chief Engineer Geordi La Forge, Commander Data, and Chief Medical Officer Dr. Crusher are testing an interface which allows La Forge to use the VISOR-compatible circuitry in his brain, along with a virtual reality suit to control a probe by remote control. This way La", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 20 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7667915", "chunk_text": "Cogenitor\nCogenitor \"\"Cogenitor\"\" is the 48th episode of the television series \"\"\"\", the 22nd episode of the second season. While exploring a \"\"hypergiant\"\", \"\"Enterprise\"\" makes first contact with an advanced and very friendly alien race known as the Vissians. The two starships' crews are happy to intermingle. Commander Tucker becomes intrigued when he meets a Vissian couple in the mess hall accompanied by a third member of their race, and learns that the being, which has no name, is a \"\"cogenitor\"\" - a third gender in Vissian biology. Cogenitors are needed to complete reproduction: they do not genetically contribute to offspring,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 21 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1916360", "chunk_text": "\"Star Trek: Excelsior\"\nto full commander, gives him co-ordinates to follow and mentions Dexter Remmick (Episode #203). While interrogating Brahms, Dovan reveals Cortez' heading to be 114 mark 388 mark 8 in the Delta Quadrant. Brahms' forces break him out of the \"\"Excelsior\"\" 's brig, but Rol remains behind to deliver a message to Dovan (Episode #204). The concluding episode (#205, \"\"Golden Things\"\") links to the third season (\"\"The Sword of Damocles\"\"). The third season revolves around the Bluegills, the in-series name for the neural parasites introduced in \"\"\"\"s episode, and relates them to the Borg. The special episode called \"\"Swordplay: A Recap\"\"", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 22 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7406635", "chunk_text": "\"The Offspring (Star Trek: The Next Generation)\"\nThe Offspring (Star Trek: The Next Generation) \"\"The Offspring\"\" is the 16th episode of the of the American science fiction television series \"\"\"\", and the 64th episode of the series overall. The android Data creates a \"\"child\"\" of his own named Lal and tries to raise her, while Picard takes on Starfleet Research to keep them from taking her away. Data invites Deanna Troi, Wesley Crusher and Geordi La Forge to his lab and surprises them by introducing a featureless humanoid android, whom he created based on his own structural design and recent advances in Federation cybernetics technology, describing it", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 23 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "811321", "chunk_text": "\"The Paradise Syndrome\"\nThe Paradise Syndrome \"\"The Paradise Syndrome\"\" is the third episode of the of the American science fiction television series \"\"\"\", and was broadcast October 4, 1968. It is episode #58, production #58, written by Margaret Armen and directed by Jud Taylor. In the episode, an alien device on a primitive planet erases Captain Kirk's memory, and he begins a new life with the planet's indigenous people modeled on Native American Indians. Stardate 4842.6, Captain James T. Kirk, First Officer Spock and Chief Medical Officer Dr. McCoy transport to the surface of an earth-like planet, from which they are to deflect", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 24 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6328319", "chunk_text": "\"Identity Crisis (Star Trek: The Next Generation)\"\nIdentity Crisis (Star Trek: The Next Generation) \"\"Identity Crisis\"\" is the 92nd episode of the American science fiction television series \"\"\"\". The 18th episode of the . Geordi La Forge’s friend and former crewmate, Lieutenant Commander Susanna Leijten, has come aboard the \"\"Enterprise\"\"-D. She is concerned because of a previous mission, in which she, Geordi, and three crewmates from the USS \"\"Victory\"\" were part of an away mission to the planet Tarchannen III; their crewmates have all deserted their posts, stolen shuttlecrafts and attempted to return, leaving Leijten and La Forge as the only ones unaffected. Picard orders the ship", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 25 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13169797", "chunk_text": "\"Elementary, Dear Data\"\nElementary, Dear Data \"\"Elementary, Dear Data\"\" is the third episode of the of the American science fiction television series \"\"\"\", the 29th episode overall. It was written by Brian Alan Lane and directed by Rob Bowman. It was originally released on December 5, 1988 in broadcast syndication. Set in the 24th century, the series follows the adventures of the crew of the Federation starship \"\"Enterprise\"\". In this episode, a holographic adversary manages to take control of the \"\"Enterprise\"\". The plot line from this episode was continued in the sixth season episode \"\"\"\". In 1989, \"\"Elementary, Dear Data\"\" was Nominated for", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 26 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10347974", "chunk_text": "\"Elementary, Dear Data\"\nElementary, Dear Data \"\"Elementary, Dear Data\"\" is the third episode of the of the American science fiction television series \"\"\"\", the 29th episode overall. It was written by Brian Alan Lane and directed by Rob Bowman. It was originally released on December 5, 1988 in broadcast syndication. Set in the 24th century, the series follows the adventures of the crew of the Federation starship \"\"Enterprise\"\". In this episode, a holographic adversary manages to take control of the \"\"Enterprise\"\". The plot line from this episode was continued in the sixth season episode \"\"\"\". In 1989, \"\"Elementary, Dear Data\"\" was Nominated for", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 27 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "875737", "chunk_text": "\"E²\"\nE² 'E² is the seventy-third episode of the American science fiction television series \"\"\"\", the twenty-first episode of . It first aired on May 5, 2004, on the UPN network in the United States. The episode was the fifth of the written by Mike Sussman, and it was directed by \"\"\"\" alumnus Roxann Dawson, her fourth of the third season. Set in the 22nd century, the series follows the adventures of the first Starfleet starship, \"\"Enterprise\"\", registration NX-01. Season three of \"\"Enterprise\"\" features an ongoing story following an attack on Earth by previously unknown aliens called the Xindi. In this", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 28 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1027470", "chunk_text": "\"One of Us, One of Them\"\nOne of Us, One of Them \"\"One of Us, One of Them\"\" is the third episode of the third season of the NBC science fiction drama series \"\"Heroes\"\" and thirty-seventh episode overall. It was written by Joe Pokaski and directed by Sergio Mimica-Gezzan. The episode aired on September 29, 2008. The episode opens with Angela Petrelli speaking with Sylar. She tells him that he is her son, stating that he knew all along he wasn't the son of a watchmaker. She tells him she gave him up for adoption, then calls in a woman named Bridget, who has the power", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 29 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4464388", "chunk_text": "\"Shades of Gray (Star Trek: The Next Generation)\"\nShades of Gray (Star Trek: The Next Generation) \"\"Shades of Gray\"\" is the 22nd episode of the of the American science fiction television series \"\"\"\", the 48th episode overall. It was originally broadcast on July 17, 1989, in broadcast syndication. It was the only clip show filmed during the series and was created due to a lack of funds left over from other episodes during the season. Set in the 24th century, the series follows the adventures of the crew of the Federation starship \"\"Enterprise\"\". In this episode, Commander William Riker (Jonathan Frakes) undergoes medical treatment by Dr. Katherine Pulaski", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 30 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8128652", "chunk_text": "\"Star Trek: The Next Generation (season 3)\"\ndrops to 4th place. \"\"Yesterday's Enterprise\"\" was the highest rated with Nielsen ratings of 11.9. It was the highest rated episode since the eighth episode of the first season, \"\"\"\" which was broadcast on November 8, 1987. Keith DeCandido for Tor.com thought that the third season was where the series \"\"really came into its own\"\". He praised the changes to the show, such as the modification to the uniforms, and especially the new writing staff that joined the crew during the third season. He said that some of the episodes were highlights of the franchise, not just \"\"The Next Generation\"\".", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 31 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13356454", "chunk_text": "\"Man of the People (Star Trek: The Next Generation)\"\nMan of the People (Star Trek: The Next Generation) \"\"Man of the People\"\" is the 129th episode of the American science fiction television series \"\"\"\" and the third episode of the . A visiting diplomat uses Deanna Troi as a recipient for unpleasant emotions, somewhat akin to what a psychic vampire is alleged to be capable of in human fiction, but in an inverse manner. The \"\"Enterprise\"\" comes to the aid of a Federation transport under attack by two ships, saving its crew and passenger, Lumerian ambassador Ramid Ves Alkar. Starfleet orders the \"\"Enterprise\"\" to transport Alkar the rest of", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 32 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18388370", "chunk_text": "\"Doctor's Orders (Star Trek: Enterprise)\"\nDoctor's Orders (Star Trek: Enterprise) \"\"Doctor's Orders\"\" is the sixteenth episode from the third season of the television series \"\"\"\". It's the sixty-eighth episode of the series, first airing on February 18, 2004. While traveling through the Delphic Expanse, \"\"Enterprise\"\" encounters a trans-dimensional disturbance that lies directly along its time-sensitive course to Azati Prime and the Xindi weapon (\"\"\"\"). The crew also learns that the disturbance causes permanent neurological damage to humans. To avoid a two-week detour, while avoiding the danger to the crew, Doctor Phlox disables the neocortex of all human crewmembers, to survive the four day journey through", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 33 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "529710", "chunk_text": "\"The Outrageous Okona\"\nC-. The episode was included on the \"\"Star Trek: The Next Generation\"\" season two DVD box set, released in on May 7, 2002. The most recent release was as part of the season two Blu-ray set on December 4, 2012. The Outrageous Okona \"\"The Outrageous Okona\"\" ( ) is the fourth episode of the of the American science fiction television series \"\"\"\", the 30th episode overall. It was first aired on December 12, 1988, in broadcast syndication. It was written by Les Menchen, Lance Dickson and David Landsberg, with a teleplay by Burton Armus, and directed by Robert Becker. Set", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 34 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3293551", "chunk_text": "\"The Inner Light (Star Trek: The Next Generation)\"\nThe Inner Light (Star Trek: The Next Generation) \"\"The Inner Light\"\" is the 125th episode overall and the 25th episode of the of the American science fiction television series \"\"\"\". The episode was written by freelance writer Morgan Gendel based on his original pitch. Gendel is credited as writer of the story and co-writer of the teleplay with Peter Allan Fields. It is the episode of the season and was first broadcast on June 1, 1992. In the story, Captain Jean-Luc Picard (Patrick Stewart) is struck unconscious by an energy beam from an alien probe. While minutes pass for the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 35 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8128635", "chunk_text": "\"Star Trek: The Next Generation (season 3)\"\nthe franchise, such as Dwight Schultz as Lt. Reginald Barclay, and Tony Todd as Kurn. Further changes occurred to the writing staff, with Michael Piller brought on board as executive producer after Michael I. Wagner held the position for three weeks. Ronald D. Moore also joined the staff following the submission of a script for \"\"The Bonding\"\". Hans Beimler, Richard Manning, Melinda M. Snodgrass and Ira Steven Behr all left the staff at the end of the season. Actor Wil Wheaton also asked to leave following the way his character, Wesley Crusher, was written during the season, a decision he", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 36 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6019575", "chunk_text": "\"Re-generation (The Outer Limits)\"\nname: Graham. Re-generation (The Outer Limits) \"\"Re-generation\"\" is an episode of \"\"The Outer Limits\"\" television show. It first aired on 24 January 1997, during the third season. After their four-year-old son dies, a couple take part in an experiment to clone a new embryo from their dead son's brain and nerve cells, and implant it as a new pregnancy. A high-profile and powerful public figure, Graham's position allows him to offer the opportunity to clone their deceased son. Rebecca, Graham's wife, is at first horrified and repulsed, but eventually agrees to undergo the procedure. After six months strange things happen.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 37 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "689715", "chunk_text": "Tuvix\nTuvix \"\"Tuvix\"\" is the 40th episode (24th in the ) of the science fiction television program \"\"\"\". The episode originally aired on May 6, 1996, and tells the story of Tuvok and Neelix being merged into a unique third character named Tuvix. The episode was substantially rewritten from its original incarnation as a lighthearted story to a more somber tale with serious moral and ethical implications. Tom Wright guest stars as Tuvix to lend more credence to a unique new character that consists of equal parts Tuvok and Neelix. Both director Cliff Bole and Wright himself had reservations about the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 38 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4527036", "chunk_text": "\"Azati Prime\"\nrelease of \"\"Azati Prime\"\" has been as part of the season three DVD box set, released in the United States on September 27, 2005. The Blu-ray release of \"\"Enterprise\"\" was announced in early 2013 and season three is expected to be released in January 2014. Azati Prime \"\"Azati Prime\"\" is the eighteenth episode of the of the American science fiction television series \"\"\"\", the 70th overall. The episode was written by Manny Coto from a story developed by Coto, Rick Berman and Brannon Braga. It was directed by Allan Kroeker, his second of the season. The episode featured several guest", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 39 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13870679", "chunk_text": "\"Ensign Ro (Star Trek: The Next Generation)\"\nEnsign Ro (Star Trek: The Next Generation) \"\"Ensign Ro\"\" is the 103rd episode of the American science fiction television series \"\"\"\". The third episode of the . The crew is unsettled by the arrival of Ensign Ro, a disgraced Starfleet officer of Bajoran origin. Although Ro was previously court-martialed for disobeying orders on an away mission, resulting in the deaths of eight crew members, Starfleet admiral Kennelly has pardoned and assigned her to the \"\"Enterprise\"\". Her ostensible mission is to persuade Bajoran rebels to stop attacking and raiding Federation colonies. But Captain Picard soon learns that the rebels, displaced from", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 40 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5552046", "chunk_text": "\"The Outcast (Star Trek: The Next Generation)\"\nThe Outcast (Star Trek: The Next Generation) \"\"The Outcast\"\" (, E17) is the 117th episode of the American science fiction television series \"\"\"\". The Enterprise is contacted by a humanoid race called the J'naii. They are a race who have no gender. They ask the crew for help in finding a shuttle which has gone missing. It is theorized that the shuttle disappeared into a pocket of null space. This is a pocket of space which drains energy rapidly. In short order, a rescue mission is planned, for which Riker volunteers to pilot a shuttle to retrieve the shuttle crew.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 41 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "29235", "chunk_text": "\"Ensign Ro (Star Trek: The Next Generation)\"\nthe mission accomplished, Ro accepts Picard's offer to remain in Starfleet and join the \"\"Enterprise\"\" crew. Ensign Ro (Star Trek: The Next Generation) \"\"Ensign Ro\"\" is the 103rd episode of the American science fiction television series \"\"\"\". The third episode of the . The crew is unsettled by the arrival of Ensign Ro, a disgraced Starfleet officer of Bajoran origin. Although Ro was previously court-martialed for disobeying orders on an away mission, resulting in the deaths of eight crew members, Starfleet admiral Kennelly has pardoned and assigned her to the \"\"Enterprise\"\". Her ostensible mission is to persuade Bajoran rebels to", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 42 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8266620", "chunk_text": "\"Home (Star Trek: Enterprise)\"\nHome (Star Trek: Enterprise) \"\"Home\"\" is the third episode of the of the American science fiction television series \"\"\"\". It first aired on October 22, 2004, on the UPN network in the United States. It was the second episode of the season directed by Allan Kroeker and the first in season four to be written by Michael Sussman. Set in the 22nd century, the series follows the adventures of the first Starfleet starship, \"\"Enterprise\"\", registration NX-01. This episode brought to a close the Xindi story arc that ran throughout , with the crew returning to Earth after the successful mission.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 43 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20292729", "chunk_text": "\"A Clear and Present Danger\"\nA Clear and Present Danger \"\"A Clear and Present Danger\"\" is the 14th episode of the third season of the NBC science fiction drama series \"\"Heroes\"\" and 48th episode overall. It aired on February 2, 2009. The episode is the beginning of Volume 4: \"\"Fugitives\"\". It marks the first time a season of \"\"Heroes\"\" has contained more than one volume. Originally, season two was planned to consist of three volumes, but was reduced to one volume due to the 2007–2008 Writers Guild of America strike. Tracy Strauss is captured by armed men, while a TV interview with the new chairman", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 44 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10322105", "chunk_text": "\"Ménage à Troi\"\nMénage à Troi \"\"Ménage à Troi\"\" is the 24th episode of the of the American science fiction television series \"\"\"\", and the 72nd episode of the series overall. Commander Riker, Counselor Troi and Ambassador Lwaxana Troi are kidnapped by Ferengi. At a reception aboard the Federation starship \"\"Enterprise\"\" following a trade conference on Betazed, Counselor Deanna Troi argues with her mother, Lwaxana Troi, about her insistence that Deanna get married and raise a family. At the same party, Lwaxana is approached by the Ferengi Daimon Tog of the ship \"\"Krayton\"\", who is interested in Lwaxana in a sexual way, but", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 45 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15099072", "chunk_text": "\"Afterimage (Star Trek: Deep Space Nine)\"\nAfterimage (Star Trek: Deep Space Nine) \"\"Afterimage\"\" is the 153rd episode of the television series \"\"\"\", the third episode of the . It was first broadcast on October 14, 1998. This tells the story of the new host for Dax, the Trill alien Ezri Dax played by actress Nicole de Boer for the 1998-1999 Season of \"\"Star Trek: Deep Space Nine\"\" as she tackles life on the space station. Andrew Robinson guest stars as Elim Garak, and a major revolves around his apparent claustrophobia interfering with his work, and thus becomes a task for Federation therapist/counsler Ezri Dax who is", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 46 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8128642", "chunk_text": "\"Star Trek: The Next Generation (season 3)\"\nthe role of Doctor Beverly Crusher in the third season, the character had been written out for season two and replaced with Diana Muldaur playing Doctor Katherine Pulaski. Roddenberry had ensured that Crusher was not written out permanently to allow for her return in the future. Keith DeCandido blamed her departure on Maurice Hurley. After he left the series, McFadden returned. Fans started a letter-writing campaign to reinstate McFadden throughout the second season. Both Roddenberry and Berman decided that it would be better to bring back McFadden than to look for a third doctor in three years as they agreed", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 47 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8378688", "chunk_text": "\"Into Asylum\"\nInto Asylum \"\"Into Asylum\"\" is the twenty-first episode of the third season of the NBC science fiction drama series \"\"Heroes\"\" and fifty-fifth episode overall. The episode aired on March 30, 2009. Nathan Petrelli and Claire Bennet have flown to Pátzcuaro, Mexico, where Nathan checks them into a motel for the night, planning to hide from the government agents until he can come up with a plan. At a local cantina, Nathan attempts to win some money by playing a drinking game with some patrons, but ends up passing out. Claire offers to take over, and due to her regenerative abilities,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 48 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1725935", "chunk_text": "Rajiin\nRajiin \"\"Rajiin\"\" is the 56th episode of the American science fiction television series \"\"\"\", the fourth episode of season three. It first aired on October 1, 2003, on the UPN network in the United States. The episode was written by Brent V. Friedman and Chris Black from a story idea from Friedman and Paul Brown, and was directed by Mike Vejar. Set in the 22nd century, the series follows the adventures of the first Starfleet starship \"\"Enterprise\"\", registration NX-01. Season three of \"\"Enterprise\"\" features an ongoing story following an attack on Earth by previously unknown aliens called the Xindi. In", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 49 } ]
test_3534	when was fingerprinting first used by the police?	n/a	[ "the early 20th century", "In 1840" ]	[]	n/a	n/a	n/a	[]	[ { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19511453", "chunk_text": "Fingerprint\nUnited States, Dr. Henry P. DeForrest used fingerprinting in the New York Civil Service in 1902, and by 1906, New York City Police Department Deputy Commissioner Joseph A. Faurot, an expert in the Bertillon system and a finger print advocate at Police Headquarters, introduced the fingerprinting of criminals to the United States. The Scheffer case of 1902 is the first case of the identification, arrest and conviction of a murderer based upon fingerprint evidence. Alphonse Bertillon identified the thief and murderer Scheffer, who had previously been arrested and his fingerprints filed some months before, from the fingerprints found on a", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 0 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3831243", "chunk_text": "Fingerprint\na crime scene, or on items of evidence from a crime, have been used in forensic science to identify suspects, victims and other persons who touched a surface. Fingerprint identification emerged as an important system within police agencies in the late 19th century, when it replaced anthropometric measurements as a more reliable method for identifying persons having a prior record, often under a false name, in a criminal record repository. In modern times, researchers can find traces of addictive drugs on just a fingerprint. Fingerprinting has served all governments worldwide during the past 100 years or so to provide identification", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 1 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3831244", "chunk_text": "Fingerprint\nof criminals. Fingerprints are the fundamental tool in every police agency for the identification of people with a criminal history. They remain the most commonly gathered forensic evidence worldwide, and in most jurisdictions fingerprint examination is more common than all other forensic examination casework combined. Moreover, it continues to expand, with tens of thousands of people added to fingerprint repositories daily in America alone — far more than other forensic databases. Fingerprinting was the basis upon which the first forensic professional organization was formed, the International Association for Identification (IAI), in 1915. The first professional certification program for forensic scientists", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 2 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3831224", "chunk_text": "Fingerprint\nthey refuse to reveal the technique. In the 1930s criminal investigators in the United States first discovered the existence of latent fingerprints on the surfaces of fabrics, most notably on the insides of gloves discarded by perpetrators. Since the late nineteenth century, fingerprint identification methods have been used by police agencies around the world to identify suspected criminals as well as the victims of crime. The basis of the traditional fingerprinting technique is simple. The skin on the palmar surface of the hands and feet forms ridges, so-called papillary ridges, in patterns that are unique to each individual and which", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 3 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19511450", "chunk_text": "Fingerprint\nin forensic science in his book \"\"Finger Prints\"\". He had calculated that the chance of a \"\"false positive\"\" (two different individuals having the same fingerprints) was about 1 in 64 billion. Juan Vucetich, an Argentine chief police officer, created the first method of recording the fingerprints of individuals on file, associating these fingerprints to the anthropometric system of Alphonse Bertillon, who had created, in 1879, a system to identify individuals by anthropometric photographs and associated quantitative descriptions. In 1892, after studying Galton's pattern types, Vucetich set up the world's first fingerprint bureau. In that same year, Francisca Rojas of Necochea,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 4 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19511447", "chunk_text": "Fingerprint\nLord William Russell, a provincial doctor, Robert Blake Overton, wrote to Scotland Yard suggesting checking for fingerprints but the suggestion, though followed up, did not lead to their routine use by the police for another 50 years. Some years later, the German anatomist Georg von Meissner (1829–1905) studied friction ridges, and five years after this, in 1858, Sir William James Herschel initiated fingerprinting in India. In 1877 at Hooghly (near Calcutta) he instituted the use of fingerprints on contracts and deeds to prevent the then-rampant repudiation of signatures and he registered government pensioners' fingerprints to prevent the collection of money", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 5 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10069642", "chunk_text": "\"Forensic science\"\naccepted in England and Wales when the first United Kingdom Fingerprint Bureau was founded in Scotland Yard, the Metropolitan Police headquarters, London, in 1901. Sir Edward Richard Henry subsequently achieved improvements in dactyloscopy. In the United States, Dr. Henry P. DeForrest used fingerprinting in the New York Civil Service in 1902, and by December 1905, New York City Police Department Deputy Commissioner Joseph A. Faurot, an expert in the Bertillon system and a fingerprint advocate at Police Headquarters, introduced the fingerprinting of criminals to the United States. The Uhlenhuth test, or the antigen–antibody precipitin test for species, was invented by", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 6 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19511449", "chunk_text": "Fingerprint\nHe also established their first classification and was also the first to identify fingerprints left on a vial. Returning to the UK in 1886, he offered the concept to the Metropolitan Police in London but it was dismissed at that time. Faulds wrote to Charles Darwin with a description of his method but, too old and ill to work on it, Darwin gave the information to his cousin, Francis Galton, who was interested in anthropology. Having been thus inspired to study fingerprints for ten years, Galton published a detailed statistical model of fingerprint analysis and identification and encouraged its use", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 7 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16308016", "chunk_text": "\"Edward Henry\"\nEdward Henry Sir Edward Richard Henry, 1st Baronet, (26 July 1850 – 19 February 1931) was the Commissioner of Police of the Metropolis (head of the Metropolitan Police of London) from 1903 to 1918. His commission saw the introduction of police dogs to the force (a development which he regarded with good will), but he is best remembered today for his championship of the method of fingerprinting to identify criminals. Henry was born at Shadwell, London to Irish parents; his father was a doctor. He studied at St Edmund's College, Ware, Hertfordshire, and at sixteen he joined Lloyd's of London", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 8 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19511452", "chunk_text": "Fingerprint\ncommittee report that fingerprints should be used for the classification of criminal records. Working in the Calcutta Anthropometric Bureau were Azizul Haque and Hem Chandra Bose. Haque and Bose were Indian fingerprint experts who have been credited with the primary development of a fingerprint classification system eventually named after their supervisor, Sir Edward Richard Henry. The Henry Classification System, co-devised by Haque and Bose, was accepted in England and Wales when the first United Kingdom Fingerprint Bureau was founded in Scotland Yard, the Metropolitan Police headquarters, London, in 1901. Sir Edward Richard Henry subsequently achieved improvements in dactyloscopy. In the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 9 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3831236", "chunk_text": "Fingerprint\nsignificant interest from the British Home Office and a number of different police forces across the UK, as well as internationally. The hope is that this instrument could eventually be manufactured in sufficiently large numbers to be widely used by forensic teams worldwide. In 1995, researchers at the Oak Ridge National Laboratory, at the instigation of Detective Art Bohanan of the Knoxville Police Department, discovered that children's fingerprints are considerably more short-lived than adult fingerprints. The rapid disappearance of children's fingerprints was attributed to a lack of the more waxy oils that become present at the onset of puberty. The", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 10 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "481503", "chunk_text": "\"Edward Henry\"\nMaurice Garvie, Berkshire County Council unveiled on Sir Edward's retirement home 'Cissbury' a Berkshire County Council Heritage Green Plaque. Edward Henry Sir Edward Richard Henry, 1st Baronet, (26 July 1850 – 19 February 1931) was the Commissioner of Police of the Metropolis (head of the Metropolitan Police of London) from 1903 to 1918. His commission saw the introduction of police dogs to the force (a development which he regarded with good will), but he is best remembered today for his championship of the method of fingerprinting to identify criminals. Henry was born at Shadwell, London to Irish parents; his father", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 11 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7680262", "chunk_text": "\"Glove prints\"\ngloves itself while committing a crime can be prosecuted as an inchoate offense. By the 1950s, after over a half century of frustration due to the wearing of gloves by assailants, fingerprint experts began studies to determine how it may be feasible to detect and compare glove prints found at crime scenes. In 1971, the Metropolitan Police Service of London, England claims the first (or one of the very first) convictions based on glove print-evidence. Glove-prints were found on a broken window and were later matched to the gloves of a suspect. Starting in early 2009, law enforcement in Derbyshire,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 12 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6941641", "chunk_text": "\"Francis Galton\"\nstudied the heritability and racial differences in fingerprints. He wrote about the technique (inadvertently sparking a controversy between Herschel and Faulds that was to last until 1917), identifying common pattern in fingerprints and devising a classification system that survives to this day. The method of identifying criminals by their fingerprints had been introduced in the 1860s by Sir William James Herschel in India, and their potential use in forensic work was first proposed by Dr Henry Faulds in 1880, but Galton was the first to place the study on a scientific footing, which assisted its acceptance by the courts. Galton", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 13 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5031959", "chunk_text": "\"Forensic science\"\nused in breaking and entering. Although his central methods were soon to be supplanted by fingerprinting, \"\"his other contributions like the mug shot and the systematization of crime-scene photography remain in place to this day.\"\" Sir William Herschel was one of the first to advocate the use of fingerprinting in the identification of criminal suspects. While working for the Indian Civil Service, he began to use thumbprints on documents as a security measure to prevent the then-rampant repudiation of signatures in 1858. In 1877 at Hooghly (near Kolkata), Herschel instituted the use of fingerprints on contracts and deeds, and he", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 14 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19511448", "chunk_text": "Fingerprint\nby relatives after a pensioner's death. Herschel also fingerprinted prisoners upon sentencing to prevent various frauds that were attempted in order to avoid serving a prison sentence. In 1863, Paul-Jean Coulier (1824–1890), professor for chemistry and hygiene at the medical and pharmaceutical school of the Val-de-Grâce military hospital in Paris, discovered that iodine fumes can reveal fingerprints on paper. In 1880, Dr. Henry Faulds, a Scottish surgeon in a Tokyo hospital, published his first paper on the subject in the scientific journal \"\"Nature\"\", discussing the usefulness of fingerprints for identification and proposing a method to record them with printing ink.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 15 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1769469", "chunk_text": "\"Henry Faulds\"\nat his former James Street residence. On 12 November 2004 a memorial was dedicated to his memory in Beith town centre close to the site of the house in New Street where he was born. The method of identifying criminals by their fingerprints had been introduced in the 1860s by Sir William James Herschel in India, and their potential use in forensic work was first proposed by Dr. Henry Faulds in 1880. Galton, following the idea written by Faulds, which he failed to credit, was the first to place the study on a scientific footing, which assisted its acceptance by", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 16 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5031963", "chunk_text": "\"Forensic science\"\nShe then confessed to the murder of her sons. A Fingerprint Bureau was established in Calcutta (Kolkata), India, in 1897, after the Council of the Governor General approved a committee report that fingerprints should be used for the classification of criminal records. Working in the Calcutta Anthropometric Bureau, before it became the Fingerprint Bureau, were Azizul Haque and Hem Chandra Bose. Haque and Bose were Indian fingerprint experts who have been credited with the primary development of a fingerprint classification system eventually named after their supervisor, Sir Edward Richard Henry. The Henry Classification System, co-devised by Haque and Bose, was", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 17 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16308019", "chunk_text": "\"Edward Henry\"\nalready been exchanging letters with Francis Galton regarding the use of fingerprinting to identify criminals, either instead of or in addition to the anthropometric method of Alphonse Bertillon, which Henry introduced into the Bengal police department. The taking of fingerprints and palm prints had been common among officialdom in Bengal as a means of identification for forty years, having been introduced by Sir William Herschel, but it was not used by the police and there was no system of simple sorting to allow rapid identification of an individual print (although classification of types was already used). Between July 1896 and", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 18 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19394564", "chunk_text": "\"Baumes law\"\nthe commission of their crimes, and mandated that prisoners could not begin receiving credit for good behavior for parole purposes until they had served the minimum sentence for their offense. By 1930, twenty-three states had adopted similar standards, all of which were commonly referred to as \"\"Baumes laws\"\". The law was made possible by the growing adoption and acceptance of fingerprinting as a method of identification by police departments, which began to replace anthropometry as the technique of choice in the 1920s. Law enforcement officials felt that the new methods enabled them to more efficiently and reliably distinguish recalcitrant criminals", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 19 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3024808", "chunk_text": "Fingerprint\nthe ridge structure of the skin covering the fingers and palms. In 1685, the Dutch physician Govard Bidloo (1649–1713) published a book on anatomy which also illustrated the ridge structure of the fingers. A century later, in 1788, the German anatomist Johann Christoph Andreas Mayer (1747–1801) recognized that fingerprints are unique to each individual. Jan Evangelista Purkyně or Purkinje (1787–1869), a Czech physiologist and professor of anatomy at the University of Breslau, published a thesis in 1823 discussing 9 fingerprint patterns, but he did not mention any possibility of using fingerprints to identify people. In 1840, following the murder of", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 20 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10069638", "chunk_text": "\"Forensic science\"\nregistered government pensioners' fingerprints to prevent the collection of money by relatives after a pensioner's death. In 1880, Dr. Henry Faulds, a Scottish surgeon in a Tokyo hospital, published his first paper on the subject in the scientific journal \"\"Nature\"\", discussing the usefulness of fingerprints for identification and proposing a method to record them with printing ink. He established their first classification and was also the first to identify fingerprints left on a vial. Returning to the UK in 1886, he offered the concept to the Metropolitan Police in London, but it was dismissed at that time. Faulds wrote to", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 21 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10069640", "chunk_text": "\"Forensic science\"\nthe fingerprints of individuals on file. In 1892, after studying Galton's pattern types, Vucetich set up the world's first fingerprint bureau. In that same year, Francisca Rojas of Necochea was found in a house with neck injuries whilst her two sons were found dead with their throats cut. Rojas accused a neighbour, but despite brutal interrogation, this neighbour would not confess to the crimes. Inspector Alvarez, a colleague of Vucetich, went to the scene and found a bloody thumb mark on a door. When it was compared with Rojas' prints, it was found to be identical with her right thumb.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 22 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19511444", "chunk_text": "Fingerprint\npetitions with a fingerprint. Although ancient peoples probably did not realize that fingerprints could uniquely identify individuals, references from the age of the Babylonian king Hammurabi (reigned 1792-1750 BCE) indicate that law officials would take the fingerprints of people who had been arrested. During China's Qin Dynasty, records have shown that officials took hand prints, foot prints as well as finger prints as evidence from a crime scene. In China, around 300 CE, handprints were used as evidence in a trial for theft. By 650, the Chinese historian Kia Kung-Yen remarked that fingerprints could be used as a means of", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 23 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19511451", "chunk_text": "Fingerprint\nwas found in a house with neck injuries, whilst her two sons were found dead with their throats cut. Rojas accused a neighbour, but despite brutal interrogation, this neighbour would not confess to the crimes. Inspector Alvarez, a colleague of Vucetich, went to the scene and found a bloody thumb mark on a door. When it was compared with Rojas' prints, it was found to be identical with her right thumb. She then confessed to the murder of her sons. A Fingerprint Bureau was established in Calcutta (Kolkata), India, in 1897, after the Council of the Governor General approved a", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 24 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3491504", "chunk_text": "\"Harry Jackson (criminal)\"\nHarry Jackson (criminal) Harry Jackson (c. 1861–?) was the first man to be convicted in the United Kingdom via fingerprint evidence. On June 27, 1902, a burglary occurred in a house in Denmark Hill, London, and some billiard balls were stolen. The investigating officer noticed a number of fingerprints on a freshly painted windowsill, apparently where the burglar made his entry. He immediately called the Metropolitan Police Fingerprint Bureau, and Detective-Sergeant Charles Stockley Collins went to the scene. He examined the marks and decided that the left thumb made the clearest impression. After satisfying himself that the marks had not", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 25 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5467924", "chunk_text": "\"Henry Faulds\"\ninventor of modern forensic fingerprinting. However, there can be no doubt that Faulds' first paper on the subject was published in the scientific journal \"\"Nature\"\" in 1880; all parties conceded this. The following month Sir William Herschel, a British civil servant based in India, wrote to \"\"Nature\"\" saying that he had been using fingerprints (as a form of bar code) to identify criminals since 1860. However, Herschel did not mention their potential for forensic use. Over the years, Faulds conducted a bitter controversy with Herschel over the use of fingerprints, demanding proof in 1894 that Herschel had ever used fingerprints", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 26 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3831239", "chunk_text": "Fingerprint\nthe fingerprints and criminal records of over 51 million criminal record subjects and over 1.5 million civil (non-criminal) fingerprint records. US Visit currently holds a repository of the fingerprints of over 50 million non-US citizens, primarily in the form of two-finger records. In 2008, US Visit hoped to have changed over to a system recording FBI-standard ten-print records. Most American law enforcement agencies use Wavelet Scalar Quantization (WSQ), a wavelet-based system for efficient storage of compressed fingerprint images at 500 pixels per inch (ppi). WSQ was developed by the FBI, the Los Alamos National Lab, and the National Institute for", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 27 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15312165", "chunk_text": "\"Harry Jackson (criminal)\"\nevents. As one letter to \"\"The Times\"\" (signed by \"\"A Disgusted Magistrate\"\") stated: \"\"Scotland Yard, once known as the world’s finest police organisation, will be the laughing stock of Europe it if insists on trying to trace criminals by odd ridges on their skins.\"\" Jackson's status as the first person to be arrested on the basis of fingerprint evidence was the subject of episode 4 of \"\"Connections 2\"\", a documentary series by James Burke. Harry Jackson (criminal) Harry Jackson (c. 1861–?) was the first man to be convicted in the United Kingdom via fingerprint evidence. On June 27, 1902, a", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 28 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18492290", "chunk_text": "IDENT1\nthan 2,000 identities from Lantern mobile devices per month. Checks 40,000 identities per week for UK Visas and Immigration. IDENT1 was developed by US defence company Northrop Grumman, who were awarded the £122m contract in December 2004. The deal was expected to last for eight years, with an additional three \"\"option\"\" years. IDENT1 IDENT1 is the United Kingdom's central national database for holding, searching and comparing biometric information on those who come into contact with the police as detainees after being arrested. Information held includes fingerprints, palm prints and scene of crime marks. It replaced the old system known as", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 29 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3831245", "chunk_text": "Fingerprint\nwas established in 1977, the IAI's Certified Latent Print Examiner program, which issued certificates to those meeting stringent criteria and had the power to revoke certification where an individual's performance warranted it. Other forensic disciplines have followed suit and established their own certification programs. Brandon Mayfield is an Oregon lawyer who was identified as a participant in the 2004 Madrid train bombings based on a fingerprint match by the FBI. The FBI Latent Print Unit processed a fingerprint collected in Madrid and reported a \"\"100 percent positive\"\" match against one of the 20 fingerprint candidates returned in a search response", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 30 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8519356", "chunk_text": "Blackburn\nand ceased brewing in 1991. Blackburn became the first town to undertake the mass fingerprinting of people following the murder of June Anne Devaney in May 1948. June Anne Devaney was a three-year-old patient at Queens Park Hospital when she was abducted from her cot and murdered in the hospital grounds on 15 May 1948. Fingerprints on a bottle underneath her cot led the police to fingerprint every male over the age of 16 who was present in Blackburn on 14 and 15 May 1948. After taking over 46,500 sets of fingerprints, a match was made with Peter Griffiths, a", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 31 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6367521", "chunk_text": "\"Forensic science\"\nin resolving paternity and immigration disputes. DNA fingerprinting was first used as a police forensic test to identify the rapist and killer of two teenagers, Lynda Mann and Dawn Ashworth, who were both murdered in Narborough, Leicestershire, in 1983 and 1986 respectively. Colin Pitchfork was identified and convicted of murder after samples taken from him matched semen samples taken from the two dead girls. Forensic science has been fostered by a number of national forensic science learned bodies including the Chartered Society of Forensic Sciences, (founded in 1959), then known as the Forensic Science Society, publisher of \"\"Science & Justice\"\";.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 32 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15392002", "chunk_text": "\"Henry Classification System\"\nuntil the mid-19th century. In roughly 1859, Sir William James Herschel discovered that fingerprints remain stable over time and are unique across individuals; as Chief Magistrate of the Hooghly district in Jungipoor, India, in 1877 he was the first to institute the use of fingerprints and handprints as a means of identification, signing legal documents, and authenticating transactions. The fingerprint records collected at this time were used for one-to-one verification only; as a means in which records would be logically filed and searched had not yet been invented. In 1880, Dr. Henry Faulds wrote to Charles Darwin, explaining a system", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 33 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19511445", "chunk_text": "Fingerprint\nauthentication. In his \"\"Jami al-Tawarikh\"\" (Universal History), the Persian physician Rashid-al-Din Hamadani (also known as \"\"Rashideddin\"\", 1247–1318) refers to the Chinese practice of identifying people via their fingerprints, commenting: \"\"Experience shows that no two individuals have fingers exactly alike.\"\" In Persia at this time, government documents may have been authenticated with thumbprints. In 1665, the Italian physician Marcello Malpighi (1628–1694) briefly mentioned, in his \"\"De externo tactus organo anatomica observatio\"\", the existence of patterns of ridges and sweat glands on the fingertips. In 1684, the English physician, botanist, and microscopist Nehemiah Grew (1641–1712) published the first scientific paper to describe", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 34 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2584212", "chunk_text": "\"Boston Police Department\"\nSouth Boston High School, Charlestown High School and other Boston public schools. On August 23, 1995, the BPD became the first police agency to send fingerprint images to the FBI electronically using the newly created EFIPS (now IAFIS) system. The first set of fingerprints were for a suspect arrested for armed robbery. Within hours of the receipt of the fingerprints, the FBI determined that the suspect had a number of prior arrests, including one for assault with intent to kill. On December 31, 2006, 31 Boston Municipal Police Officers were allowed to transfer to the Boston Police. On January 1,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 35 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10481893", "chunk_text": "\"Stratton Brothers case\"\na greasy smudge which appeared to be a fingerprint. As a member of the Belper Committee which had recommended the use of fingerprints as a method for identification five years before, he wondered if this might be a case to test out this new technique. He used his handkerchief to carefully pick up the cash box, had it wrapped in paper and took it into the fledgling Fingerprinting Bureau at Scotland Yard. Established on 1 July 1901, the Fingerprint Bureau had proven its worth with the conviction a year later of Harry Jackson for burglary, thanks to fingerprint evidence. It", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 36 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16308021", "chunk_text": "\"Edward Henry\"\non with other police forces, and in July 1897 Victor Bruce, 9th Earl of Elgin, the Governor-General of India, decreed that fingerprinting should be made an official policy of the British Raj. This classification system was developed to facilitate orderly storage and faster search of fingerprint cards, called ten print cards. It was used when the ten print cards were catalogued and searched manually and not digitally. Each ten print card was tagged with attributes that can vary from 1/1 to 32/32. In 1899, the use of fingerprint experts in court was recognised by the Indian Evidence Act. In 1898,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 37 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19194645", "chunk_text": "\"Juan Vucetich\"\nJuan Vucetich Juan Vucetich (; July 20, 1858 – January 25, 1925) was a Croatian-born Argentine anthropologist and police official who pioneered the use of fingerprinting. Vucetich was born as Ivan Vučetić in Hvar in the Dalmatian region of Croatia then part of the Habsburg Monarchy. In 1882, he immigrated to Argentina. In 1891 Vucetich began the first filing of fingerprints based on ideas of Francis Galton which he expanded significantly. He became the director of the Center for Dactyloscopy in Buenos Aires, Argentina. At the time, he included the Bertillon system alongside the fingerprint files. In 1892 Vucetich made", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 38 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12069930", "chunk_text": "\"Henry Faulds\"\nthe courts. The Japanese police officially adopted the fingerprinting system in 1911. His clinic in Tokyo was bought by Ludolph Teusler and became St. Luke's International Hospital. Henry Faulds Henry Faulds (1 June 1843 – 24 March 1930) was a Scottish physician, missionary and scientist who is noted for the development of fingerprinting. Faulds was born in Beith, North Ayrshire, into a family of modest means. Aged 13, he was forced to leave school, and went to Glasgow to work as a clerk to help support his family; at 21 he decided to enroll at the Facility of Arts at", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 39 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "126986", "chunk_text": "Detective\npolice agency in addition to being a criminal himself. Police detective activities were pioneered in England by the Bow Street Runners and later the Metropolitan Police Service in Greater London. The first police detective unit in the United States was formed in 1846 in Boston. Detectives have a wide variety of techniques available in conducting investigations. However, the majority of cases are solved by the interrogation of suspects and the interviewing of witnesses, which takes time. Besides interrogations, detectives may rely on a network of informants they have cultivated over the years. Informants often have connections with persons a detective", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 40 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7218466", "chunk_text": "Fingerprint\nso there is less prominence. Fingerprints can be erased permanently and this can potentially be used by criminals to reduce their chance of conviction. Erasure can be achieved in a variety of ways including simply burning the fingertips, using acids and advanced techniques such as plastic surgery. John Dillinger burned his fingers with acid, but prints taken during a previous arrest and upon death still exhibited almost complete relation to one another. Fingerprint authentication refers to the automated method of verifying a match between two human fingerprints. Fingerprints are one of many forms of biometrics used to identify individuals and", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 41 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19511442", "chunk_text": "Fingerprint\nthe process of adding decoration. However, on some pottery, fingerprints have been impressed so deeply into the clay that they were possibly intended to serve as an identifying mark by the maker. Fingerprints were used as signatures in ancient Babylon in the second millennium BCE. In order to protect against forgery, parties to a legal contract would impress their fingerprints into a clay tablet on which the contract had been written. In Ancient India some texts called Naadi were written by a Rishi called Agastya where the text is said to predict the past, present and the future lives of", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 42 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10069639", "chunk_text": "\"Forensic science\"\nCharles Darwin with a description of his method, but, too old and ill to work on it, Darwin gave the information to his cousin, Francis Galton, who was interested in anthropology. Having been thus inspired to study fingerprints for ten years, Galton published a detailed statistical model of fingerprint analysis and identification and encouraged its use in forensic science in his book \"\"Finger Prints\"\". He had calculated that the chance of a \"\"false positive\"\" (two different individuals having the same fingerprints) was about 1 in 64 billion. Juan Vucetich, an Argentine chief police officer, created the first method of recording", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 43 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15392004", "chunk_text": "\"Henry Classification System\"\n\"\"Finger Prints\"\" in which he described his classification system that include three main fingerprint patterns - loops, whorls and arches. At the time, the alternative to fingerprints was Bertillonage, also known as Anthropometry. Developed by Alphonse Bertillon in 1879, Bertillonage consists of a meticulous method of measuring body parts for the use of identifying criminals. In 1892, the British Indian police force adopted Anthropometry. Two years later, Sir Edward Henry, Inspector General of the Bengal Police in India became interested in the use of fingerprints for the use of criminal identification. Influenced by Galton's \"\"Finger Prints\"\", the men corresponded regularly", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 44 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3831203", "chunk_text": "Fingerprint\nlong-term markers of human identity. They may be employed by police or other authorities to identify individuals who wish to conceal their identity, or to identify people who are incapacitated or deceased and thus unable to identify themselves, as in the aftermath of a natural disaster. Fingerprint analysis, in use since the early 20th century, has led to many crimes being solved. This means that many criminals consider gloves essential. In 2015, the identification of sex by testing the fingerprint biochemical content (rather than visual pattern) has been reported. A friction ridge is a raised portion of the epidermis on", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 45 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6263127", "chunk_text": "\"Azizul Haque (police officer)\"\nfingerprint patterns. \"\"Its use required no math and no measurements.\"\" Beavan further writes, \"\"By 1897, Haque had collected 7000 fingerprint sets in his cabinet. His simple methods of further sub-classification, which were easier to learn and less prone to error than Galton's, meant that even a collection numbering in the hundreds of thousands could be divided into small groups of slips. As he predicted, his fingerprint sets, compared with anthropometric cards, were far less prone to error and could be classified and searched with much greater confidence. The registration of a convict or a search for his existing card took", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 46 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18210781", "chunk_text": "Biometrics\nMulti-modal biometric systems are commonly believed to be intrinsically more robust to spoof attacks, but recent studies have shown that they can be evaded by spoofing even a single biometric trait. The following are used as performance metrics for biometric systems: An early cataloging of fingerprints dates back to 1891 when Juan Vucetich started a collection of fingerprints of criminals in Argentina. Josh Ellenbogen and Nitzan Lebovic argued that Biometrics is originated in the identificatory systems of criminal activity developed by Alphonse Bertillon (1853–1914) and developed by Francis Galton's theory of fingerprints and physiognomy. According to Lebovic, Galton's work \"\"led", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 47 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7218489", "chunk_text": "Fingerprint\nmelodramatic account of a murder in which the killer is identified by a thumbprint. Twain's novel \"\"Pudd'nhead Wilson\"\", published in 1893, includes a courtroom drama that turns on fingerprint identification. The use of fingerprints in crime fiction has, of course, kept pace with its use in real-life detection. Sir Arthur Conan Doyle wrote a short story about his celebrated sleuth Sherlock Holmes which features a fingerprint: \"\"The Norwood Builder\"\" is a 1903 short story set in 1894 and involves the discovery of a bloody fingerprint which helps Holmes to expose the real criminal and free his client. The British detective", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 48 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10069636", "chunk_text": "\"Forensic science\"\nprocess. The French police officer Alphonse Bertillon was the first to apply the anthropological technique of anthropometry to law enforcement, thereby creating an identification system based on physical measurements. Before that time, criminals could only be identified by name or photograph. Dissatisfied with the \"\"ad hoc\"\" methods used to identify captured criminals in France in the 1870s, he began his work on developing a reliable system of anthropometrics for human classification. Bertillon created many other forensics techniques, including forensic document examination, the use of galvanoplastic compounds to preserve footprints, ballistics, and the dynamometer, used to determine the degree of force", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 49 } ]
test_3535	love yourself by justin bieber is about who?	n/a	[ "Rihanna" ]	[]	n/a	n/a	n/a	[]	[ { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15484060", "chunk_text": "\"Love Yourself\"\nLove Yourself \"\"Love Yourself\"\" is a song recorded by Canadian singer Justin Bieber for his fourth studio album \"\"Purpose\"\" (2015). The song was released first as a promotional single on November 8, 2015, and later was released as the album's third single. It was written by Ed Sheeran, Benny Blanco and Bieber, and produced by Blanco. An acoustic pop song, \"\"Love Yourself\"\" features an electric guitar and a brief flurry of trumpets as its main instrumentation. During the song, Bieber uses a husky tone in the lower registers. Lyrically, the song is a kiss-off to a narcissistic ex-lover who did", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 0 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "73690", "chunk_text": "\"Love Yourself\"\nthe liner notes of \"\"Purpose\"\", Def Jam Recordings. Love Yourself \"\"Love Yourself\"\" is a song recorded by Canadian singer Justin Bieber for his fourth studio album \"\"Purpose\"\" (2015). The song was released first as a promotional single on November 8, 2015, and later was released as the album's third single. It was written by Ed Sheeran, Benny Blanco and Bieber, and produced by Blanco. An acoustic pop song, \"\"Love Yourself\"\" features an electric guitar and a brief flurry of trumpets as its main instrumentation. During the song, Bieber uses a husky tone in the lower registers. Lyrically, the song is", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 1 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15484065", "chunk_text": "\"Love Yourself\"\nlater it was announced as the album's official third radio single. When talking to Ryan Seacrest, Bieber said \"\"Love Yourself\"\" is \"\"definitely about someone in my past, someone who I don't want to put on blast,\"\" he described the song as \"\"cool because so many people can resonate with that because how many women do we bring back that mom doesn't really necessarily like?.\"\" \"\"Love Yourself\"\" was written by Ed Sheeran, Benny Blanco and Justin Bieber, with production being done by Benny Blanco, who was also responsible for the song's instrumentation and programming. It features background vocals by Sheeran. According", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 2 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15484062", "chunk_text": "\"Love Yourself\"\nthe seventh-best-selling song of 2016 in the US. The music video for the song was released along with the Purpose: The Movement project on November 14, 2015. It features a couple doing an interpretive dance in their house. Bieber promoted the song with performances on TV shows, as well as awards shows throughout 2015–16, while adding it on the set list of his Purpose World Tour. On September 29, 2015, Justin Bieber announced in an interview with Australia's Sunrise morning show that British singer and songwriter Ed Sheeran had written a song for his then-upcoming album. Later, during an interview", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 3 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19932483", "chunk_text": "\"Love Me (Justin Bieber song)\"\nLove Me (Justin Bieber song) \"\"Love Me\"\" is a song by Canadian recording artist, Justin Bieber. The track was written by Bruno Mars, Ari Levine, and Philip Lawrence, and produced by DJ Frank E. It was released exclusively to iTunes as the first promotional single from his debut studio release, \"\"My World\"\", on October 26, 2009. An electropop song which also contains dance-pop and R&B music, the chorus interpolates the 1996 single \"\"Lovefool\"\" by the Swedish band The Cardigans. \"\"Love Me\"\" was one of the most well received tracks on the album, with critics complimenting its electro and club feel,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 4 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8317908", "chunk_text": "\"Love Yourself\"\nthe protagonist wrong. On the US \"\"Billboard\"\" Hot 100 and the UK Singles Chart, the song became Bieber's third consecutive number-one, where in the United States it spent 24 non-consecutive weeks in the top ten (later named the best-performing single of 2016) and was also Bieber's first number one on the Adult Contemporary chart, while in the United Kingdom it spent six weeks at the top. \"\"Love Yourself\"\" topped the charts in fifteen countries, including Australia, Canada, New Zealand, and Sweden. \"\"Love Yourself\"\" was nominated for two Grammy Awards: Song of the Year and Best Pop Solo Performance. It was", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 5 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15484066", "chunk_text": "\"Love Yourself\"\nto the sheet music published at Musicnotes.com by Sony/ATV Music Publishing, the song is composed in the key of E major with a moderate tempo of 100 beats per minute and a time signature of . Bieber's vocals range from the note of B to B. It is an acoustic pop song, featuring just vocals, an electric guitar, and a brief flurry of trumpets, which was considered \"\"the most subdued and least electronic of Bieber's new tracks.\"\" Lyrically, \"\"Love Yourself\"\" is a kiss-off to a narcissistic ex-lover who did the protagonist wrong, with Bieber singing in a snappy and spiteful", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 6 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8318604", "chunk_text": "\"Love Yourself\"\nthird consecutive number-one single. Thus, Bieber was the 12th artist to succeed himself in the Hot 100's 57-year history; the last artist before Bieber was The Weeknd, who is also from Canada. Additionally, Bieber's \"\"Purpose\"\" became the first album by a male artist to produce three number-one songs since Justin Timberlake's \"\"FutureSex/LoveSounds\"\" did so in 2006–07. After being replaced at the top of the Hot 100 by Zayn's debut single as a solo artist, \"\"Pillowtalk\"\", for one week, it returned to the number one position the following date. Also, \"\"Love Yourself\"\" replaced \"\"Sorry\"\" at the top of the Radio Songs", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 7 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15484951", "chunk_text": "\"Love Yourself\"\n2.7 million copies in the country. \"\"Love Yourself\"\" finished at No. 1 on the Billboard Hot 100 Year-End of 2016 released in December 2016, becoming Bieber's highest charting song on Hot 100 Year-End to date, surpassing \"\"Boyfriend\"\" on the Hot 100 Year-End of 2012. This made him the youngest artist to date to receive a No. 1 single on a Hot 100 Year-End chart in Billboard's history. In the United Kingdom, \"\"Love Yourself\"\" debuted at number three on the UK Singles Chart on 19 November 2015, after the release of \"\"Purpose\"\". The following week, it rose to number two before", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 8 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "73685", "chunk_text": "\"Love Yourself\"\n(11) at number one in the 2010s. Also, it is his longest-running number-one single in Australia. \"\"Love Yourself\"\" also topped the charts in Sweden, Ireland, New Zealand, Netherlands and Denmark. The song's music video was released on YouTube on November 14, 2015 along with the other videos from \"\"Purpose: The Movement\"\". The video starts with Bieber saying: \"\"Love isn't 'do this for me and I'm going to do this for you.' That's not what love is. Love is just 'I'm gonna do this for you because I wanna do this for you.'\"\" Later, the video features husband and wife dancers", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 9 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14112134", "chunk_text": "\"Justin Bieber discography\"\n522,000 pure copies and 649,000 equivalent units. Its singles \"\"What Do You Mean?\"\", \"\"Sorry\"\", and \"\"Love Yourself\"\" all topped the charts in Canada, Denmark, Ireland, New Zealand, Sweden, the United Kingdom, and the United States. Notes Justin Bieber discography Justin Bieber has released 4 studio albums, 5 compilation albums, 1 extended play, 29 singles (including 8 as a featured artist), and 17 promotional singles. At the age of 12, Bieber was discovered by current manager, Scooter Braun, on YouTube and was signed by R&B singer Usher to RBMG. Popular urban producers Tricky Stewart and The-Dream were enlisted for Bieber's debut", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 10 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18344318", "chunk_text": "\"Justin Bieber\"\nJustin Bieber Justin Drew Bieber (; born March 1, 1994) is a Canadian singer-songwriter. After talent manager Scooter Braun discovered him through his YouTube videos covering songs in 2008 and he signed to RBMG, Bieber released his debut EP, \"\"My World\"\", in late 2009. It was certified platinum in the US. He became the first artist to have seven songs from a debut record chart on the \"\"Billboard\"\" Hot 100. Bieber released his first full-length studio album, \"\"My World 2.0\"\", in 2010. It debuted at number one in several countries, was certified triple platinum in the US, and contained his", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 11 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8318616", "chunk_text": "\"Love Yourself\"\nreplaced \"\"love yourself\"\" with \"\"fuck yourself.\"\" British singers Yo Preston and Kelly Kiara teamed up to write a reply to the song, with the version being called \"\"Love Yourself vs Fck Yourself.\"\" In their version, Kiara responds to Bieber's lyrics taking about the boy's cheating habits and overwhelming jealousy. Their version charted on the ARIA Charts, reaching the top-twenty, peaking at number 16. The song was also covered by American pop punk band Grayscale for Punk Goes Pop Vol. 7, a compilation album of covers, which was released by Fearless Records on July 14, 2017. Recording Personnel Credits adapted from", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 12 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15484068", "chunk_text": "\"Love Yourself\"\nyou should go and love yourself,\"\" which according to Digital Spy's Amy Davidson, \"\"'love yourself' means 'go f*k yourself' in this context.\"\" On March 7, 2017, composer Ed Sheeran stated on the Howard Stern Show that he had Rihanna in mind for the song at first, and the original lyric was indeed \"\"fuck yourself\"\". In the song's bridge, Bieber uses a \"\"brass-and-vocalese\"\" style. Andrew Unterberger of \"\"Spin\"\" called it \"\"an earth-salting, cruelly chuckling kiss-off track, it features an unprecedented-for-Bieber caliber of lyrical detail, and its minimal arrangement allows every lyrical barb to pop like one of the song's palm-mutes. For", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 13 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "73684", "chunk_text": "\"Love Yourself\"\nfollowing two weeks. On its third week at number one, Bieber's 'Sorry' and \"\"What Do You Mean?\"\" were at number two and eight, respectively. With that, Bieber became the first act to dominate the top two positions since Macklemore & Ryan Lewis did in 2013 with \"\"Same Love\"\" and \"\"Thrift Shop\"\". He also was the first act to have three singles inside the chart's top ten since 2012. The song was the first number-one song of 2016 and has spent seven consecutive weeks at number one, which places Bieber at number 8 on the list for the most accumulated weeks", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 14 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "73681", "chunk_text": "\"Love Yourself\"\nmade Bieber the first artist ever to log four weeks at numbers one and 2 consecutively, breaking the record previously held by The Beatles, who logged three consecutive weeks at numbers one and 2 in 1967–68. \"\"Love Yourself\"\" was beaten to the top by NHS Choir's \"\"A Bridge Over You\"\" charity single by nearly 31,000 chart sales. However, the single rose to the number-one spot the next week, logging a fourth week at the summit and claiming the first number-one song of 2016. The following week, it remained at number one, making Bieber the first artist on the UK Singles", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 15 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6711599", "chunk_text": "\"Love Myself\"\nLove Myself \"\"Love Myself\"\" is the debut single by American actress and singer Hailee Steinfeld. It was released on August 7, 2015, through Republic Records and Universal Music Group, as the lead single from her debut extended play (EP), \"\"Haiz\"\" (2015). The song was written by Mattias Larsson, Robin Fredriksson, Oscar Holter, Julia Michaels, and Justin Tranter, with the production being handled by Holter, with Larsson and Fredriksson under their stage name Mattman & Robin. It is also included on the soundtrack to the 2015 film, \"\"Jem and the Holograms\"\". The song's lyrics include \"\"I'm gonna put my body first/And", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 16 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8318603", "chunk_text": "\"Love Yourself\"\nin 2005. Bieber and The Beatles are the only acts to earn the honor as a lead artist on all three songs. On the chart dated February 6, 2016, \"\"Love Yourself\"\" ascended from three to two on the Hot 100, meanwhile Bieber's \"\"Sorry\"\" was at number one. With the feat, Bieber became the 17th act in the Hot 100's history to rank at numbers one and 2 simultaneously. He was also the 11th act to hold the Hot 100's top two as a lead artist on both songs. The following week, \"\"Love Yourself\"\" replaced \"\"Sorry\"\" at number one, becoming his", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 17 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6601493", "chunk_text": "\"Justin Bieber\"\nbroke attendance records set by its Anne Frank House exhibit in 2015. Justin Bieber Justin Drew Bieber (; born March 1, 1994) is a Canadian singer-songwriter. After talent manager Scooter Braun discovered him through his YouTube videos covering songs in 2008 and he signed to RBMG, Bieber released his debut EP, \"\"My World\"\", in late 2009. It was certified platinum in the US. He became the first artist to have seven songs from a debut record chart on the \"\"Billboard\"\" Hot 100. Bieber released his first full-length studio album, \"\"My World 2.0\"\", in 2010. It debuted at number one in", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 18 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "73421", "chunk_text": "\"Love Yourself\"\ntone while \"\"hating on a girl for loving herself too much.\"\" In the pre-chorus, he sings with a husky tone in the lower registers: \"\"My mama don't like you, and she likes everyone,\"\" \"\"in a style that molds well to Sheeran's,\"\" according to \"\"Rolling Stone\"\" Brittany Spanos. \"\"And I [never] like to admit that I was wrong. And I've been so caught up in my job, didn't see what's going on, and now I know, I'm better sleeping on my own,\"\" he continues. In the chorus, Bieber sings, \"\"Cause if you like the way you look that much, oh baby", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 19 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15484950", "chunk_text": "\"Love Yourself\"\nMean?\"\" and \"\"Sorry\"\". It has since been passed by The Chainsmokers's \"\"Closer\"\" (2016–2017), which spent 32 weeks in the top 10. Additionally, the song spent an eleventh week at the top of the Radio Songs chart. Additionally, on the chart dated 14 May 2016, \"\"Love Yourself\"\" became Bieber's first chart-topper on the Adult Contemporary chart. The song was the most-played song in the United States in 2016, with nearly 4 billion audience impressions. During 2016, \"\"Love Yourself\"\" sold 1.8 million copies in the US, thus being listed seventh on the best-selling songs of the year list. Overall, it has sold", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 20 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8318615", "chunk_text": "\"Love Yourself\"\nMusic Awards during a special pocket show for fans, previously recorded. On June 4, 2017, Bieber performed \"\"Love Yourself\"\" at the \"\"One Love Manchester\"\" benefit concert for the victims of the 2017 Manchester Arena bombing. Canadian singer Alessia Cara posted a video covering of the song on her YouTube channel on November 14, 2015. English singer Conor Maynard also posted a video covering the song on his YouTube channel on November 17, 2015. American singer Halsey also performed a cover version for Triple J's Like a Version studio in Australia on February 4, 2016. Her version garnered attention since she", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 21 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6601436", "chunk_text": "\"Justin Bieber\"\nat number two on the \"\"Billboard\"\" Hot 100. After eight non-consecutive weeks at number two, on the week charting January 23, 2016, \"\"Sorry\"\" climbed to the top spot of the chart and became Bieber's second number-one single on the \"\"Billboard\"\" Hot 100. The third single from \"\"Purpose\"\", \"\"Love Yourself\"\" also peaked at number one in the US, making Bieber the first male artist in almost a decade to have three number-ones from an album since Justin Timberlake last did it with his album \"\"FutureSex/LoveSounds\"\" in 2006/2007. \"\"Company\"\" was announced as the fourth single on March 8, 2016. On February 12,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 22 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18344319", "chunk_text": "\"Justin Bieber\"\nsingle \"\"Baby\"\". Following his debut album and promotional tours, he released his 3D biopic-concert film \"\"\"\" and his second studio album, \"\"Under the Mistletoe\"\" (2011), which debuted at number one on the \"\"Billboard\"\" 200. His third studio album, \"\"Believe\"\" (2012) generated the single \"\"Boyfriend\"\", which reached number one in Canada. His fourth studio album \"\"Purpose\"\" was released in 2015, spawning three number one singles: \"\"What Do You Mean?\"\", \"\"Sorry\"\", and \"\"Love Yourself\"\". Afterwards, Bieber was featured on several successful collaborations, including \"\"Cold Water\"\", \"\"Let Me Love You\"\", \"\"Despacito (Remix)\"\", and \"\"I'm the One\"\". His US album and singles sales total", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 23 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8225379", "chunk_text": "\"Purpose (Justin Bieber album)\"\nsingle has peaked within the top five in almost every other market, including number one in other six countries. \"\"Love Yourself\"\" was first premiered on Zane Lowe's Beats 1 radio show and released digitally on November 9, 2015, in advance of the album's release and later announced as the third official single on December 7, 2015. It entered several national charts after the release of \"\"Purpose\"\", and topped the charts in eight countries, including Australia, where it remained for seven weeks at the top, Ireland and New Zealand, spending eight weeks at number-one in Ireland and ten weeks at the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 24 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8318605", "chunk_text": "\"Love Yourself\"\nchart with 144 million weekly audience, becoming Bieber's second number-one song on the chart. However, the next week, \"\"Love Yourself\"\" was replaced at the top by Rihanna's \"\"Work\"\" and descended to number two. By the middle of 2016, the song had sold 1.6 million copies in the U.S. On the chart dated 7 May 2016, \"\"Love Yourself\"\" spent its 23rd consecutive week in the Hot 100's top ten, breaking the record for the most consecutive weeks logged in the top 10 from a song's debut, previously set by Nicki Minaj's \"\"Starships\"\", Maroon 5's \"\"Sugar\"\" and Bieber's both \"\"What Do You", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 25 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8318608", "chunk_text": "\"Love Yourself\"\nreplacing \"\"Sorry\"\" at the top of the chart on 4 December 2015. Bieber is the first artist to replace themselves at the chart's summit since Elvis Presley in 2005. \"\"Love Yourself\"\" marked Bieber's third consecutive chart-topping song in Britain. The following week, the song stayed at the top of the chart with 114,000 combined sales and \"\"Sorry\"\" stayed at number two, which made Bieber the first artist ever to knock himself off the top spot with both songs holding at one and 2 for two consecutive weeks. \"\"Love Yourself\"\" and \"\"Sorry\"\" remained at the same place the next week, which", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 26 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15484069", "chunk_text": "\"Love Yourself\"\nsuch sour grapes, though, 'Love Yourself' still sounds exultant; one of many reminders this year that for all his insistence on being a good person, Bieber may ultimately be best served as a Top 40 heel.\"\" Leah Greenblatt of \"\"Entertainment Weekly\"\" complimented the track as one of her favourites from the album, naming it \"\"the world's first campfire-folk diss track.\"\" Amy Davidson of Digital Spy agreed, calling it a 'deliciously evil poison-pen ballad'. Sheldon Pearce of \"\"Complex\"\" praised \"\"Sorry\"\" and \"\"Love Yourself\"\" for \"\"display[ing] the best of Bieber in tandem: the full scope of his pop stylings—blue-eyed soul fleshing out", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 27 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6205951", "chunk_text": "\"Justin Bieber discography\"\nCanada and reached the top five in several other countries, including the United Kingdom and the United States. The EP also produced the follow-up single \"\"One Less Lonely Girl\"\", as well as the promotional singles \"\"Favorite Girl\"\" and \"\"Love Me\"\". Bieber's full-length debut studio album, \"\"My World 2.0\"\", was released in March 2010. The album was a commercial success, topping the charts in countries such as Australia, Canada and the United States. \"\"My World 2.0\"\" received multi-platinum certifications from Music Canada (MC) and the Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA). The album was preceded by the release of its lead", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 28 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6381591", "chunk_text": "\"Love Myself (campaign)\"\nLove Myself (campaign) Love Myself (stylised as LOVE MYSELF) is a two-year, anti-violence campaign launched on November 1, 2017 by South Korean boy band BTS in partnership with the Korean and Japan Committee for UNICEF. The campaign idea was introduced by the group as a sponsorship to #ENDviolence, a UNICEF global campaign aimed at the protection of young people so they can live without the fear of violence, and promotes the hashtag – #BTSLoveMyself, which asks fans and supporters to post self-loving photos with the hashtag to different social media platforms. Love Myself made BTS the first artist in South", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 29 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15484070", "chunk_text": "\"Love Yourself\"\nboth electronic and acoustic spaces.\"\" Kenneth Partridge of \"\"Billboard\"\" wrote that Bieber \"\"overplay[s] his renewed spirituality ... mak[ing] like John Mayer doing Sam Smith,\"\" citing the track as an example. Josh Gonzalez of Music Times thought the song was \"\"a cool change of pace and nod musically to his 2014 duet with Cody Simpson 'Home to Mama',\"\" adding: \"\"Bieber is a great vocalist and does well on acoustic tracks.\"\" For \"\"Consequence of Sound\"\" editor Janine Schaults, \"\"all the credit goes to Sheeran's cherubic magic powers. Refreshingly, just a guitar and a lonely trumpet interlude accompany Bieber's coy delivery.\"\" Michelles Geslani", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 30 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8317910", "chunk_text": "\"Love Yourself\"\nfor Capital FM, Bieber revealed details about the song, saying: \"\"It's just me and a guitar. Basically that's how I started, playing on the street with a guitar.\"\" About Sheeran, he said: \"\"I think he's one of the most talented writers in the game right now, so just to have his input and his stories and our stories and match them up together and say 'What have you been through?,' and telling the same story.\"\" In another interview for the same radio network, he commented about the collaboration, stating: \"\"It was a process. Just getting us together, you know, in", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 31 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8317919", "chunk_text": "\"Love Yourself\"\nthe severity of its perspective.\"\" Al Horner of \"\"NME\"\" noted that the song is \"\"more traditionally Bieber, and [its] big pop hook [is] out of place amidst the forward-thinking electronic scuttle.\"\" Sam C. Mac of Slant Magazine called the lyrics \"\"unintentionally hilarious.\"\" Alex Macpherson of \"\"The National\"\" called it \"\"a cloying Ed Sheeran collaboration.\"\" \"\"Billboard\"\" ranked \"\"Love Yourself\"\" at number 34 on their \"\"100 Best Pop Songs of 2016\"\" list. In the United States, the song debuted at number four on the \"\"Billboard\"\" Hot 100, giving Bieber his ninth top ten song and his third consecutive top ten debut from", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 32 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14112133", "chunk_text": "\"Justin Bieber discography\"\nBieber's third studio album, followed in June 2012. It topped the charts in sixteen countries and was certified two times platinum by Music Canada. The album's lead single, \"\"Boyfriend\"\", reached the number one spot in Canada and peaked at number two in the US. \"\"Believe\"\" also produced the singles \"\"As Long as You Love Me\"\" and \"\"Beauty and a Beat\"\". \"\"Believe Acoustic\"\" was released in January 2013, becoming Bieber's fifth number-one album in Canada and the United States. In 2015, Bieber released his fourth studio album, \"\"Purpose\"\", which debuted atop the US \"\"Billboard\"\" 200 with his best first-week sales of", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 33 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "73683", "chunk_text": "\"Love Yourself\"\nDo You Mean?\"\" (7). Two weeks later, \"\"Love Yourself\"\" was the most streamed track in the country and rose to number two, also it earned a gold certification for sales of over 35,000 copies. In its fourth week, the song ascended from two to one, dethroning Adele's \"\"Hello\"\" and earning a platinum certification for sales of over 70,000 copies. With that, Bieber became the only act to have two number-one songs in 2015 following previous single \"\"What Do You Mean?\"\", which topped the chart during four consecutive weeks in September. The song stayed at the top of the chart the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 34 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19932485", "chunk_text": "\"Love Me (Justin Bieber song)\"\nsong. The song was produced by DJ Frank E at Side 3 Studios in Denver, Colorado. The song recorded by Bill Malina at Serenity Sound Studio in Hollywood, California. Mixing was done by Dave Pensado and Jaycen-Joshua Fowler, at Larrabee Studios in North Hollywood, California. Taylor Graves and Bonnie McKee provided background vocals. Bieber originally stated that the third single from his debut album to be released exclusively on iTunes would be an acoustic remix of his lead single, \"\"One Time\"\", and that it would be released on October 27, 2009. However plans were changed, and a week before the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 35 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16531413", "chunk_text": "\"Justin Bieber videography\"\nJustin Bieber videography Canadian singer and songwriter Justin Bieber has been featured in thirty-three music videos, has made cameo appearances in two films and has appeared in several television series. For his debut extended play \"\"My World\"\" (2009), Bieber released music videos for the singles \"\"One Time\"\", \"\"One Less Lonely Girl\"\", and \"\"Love Me\"\". In the first two, Bieber plays a young man trying to show his affection for a young girl. Disappointed at the outcome at the end of the \"\"One Time\"\" video, he gets a date at the end of the video for \"\"One Less Lonely Girl\"\". The", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 36 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8318613", "chunk_text": "\"Love Yourself\"\nKeone and Mari Madrid dancing their way through their house. They are later seen dancing on their phone screens. The video ends when the wife wakes up and finds a note on her husband's pillow saying, \"\"Love Yourself\"\". As of November 2018, the music video has received over 1.4 billion views on YouTube. Bieber first performed \"\"Love Yourself\"\" on \"\"The Ellen DeGeneres Show\"\" during 'Purpose' week release. On November 18, 2015, the song was also performed on \"\"The Today Show\"\" along with other tracks from the album. Bieber also added the song to the set list of his show on", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 37 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8318602", "chunk_text": "\"Love Yourself\"\n\"\"Purpose\"\". It also debuted at number two and four on the Digital Songs and Streaming Songs charts, respectively, with 141,000 downloads and 17.4 million streams. The following week, it descended to number seven on the Hot 100. Two weeks later, it ascended from seven to five on the Hot 100, meanwhile Bieber's \"\"Sorry\"\" and \"\"What Do You Mean?\"\" were at number two and four, respectively. Thus, as he did three weeks prior when \"\"Love Yourself\"\" debuted at number four, Bieber had three concurrent songs in the Hot 100's top five, becoming the third act to achieve it since 50 Cent", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 38 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6711601", "chunk_text": "\"Love Myself\"\nG minor, and has a tempo of 120 beats per minute. The accompanying music video, directed by Hannah Lux Davis, was released on August 14, 2015. The video shows Steinfeld dancing through Los Angeles with several other people. Credits adapted from Qobuz. Love Myself \"\"Love Myself\"\" is the debut single by American actress and singer Hailee Steinfeld. It was released on August 7, 2015, through Republic Records and Universal Music Group, as the lead single from her debut extended play (EP), \"\"Haiz\"\" (2015). The song was written by Mattias Larsson, Robin Fredriksson, Oscar Holter, Julia Michaels, and Justin Tranter, with", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 39 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9092933", "chunk_text": "\"Sorry (Justin Bieber song)\"\nredeem himself. Commercially, the song topped the charts of thirteen countries. It spent 7 weeks at number one on the Canadian Hot 100 and 3 weeks at number one on the US \"\"Billboard\"\" Hot 100; \"\"Sorry\"\" was replaced by third single \"\"Love Yourself\"\" on the chart dated February 13, 2016, making Bieber the 12th act in the Hot 100's history to succeed himself at number one. He also accomplished the same feat in the United Kingdom, becoming the third act ever to self-replace at the top of the UK Singles Chart. Globally, the song became one of the best selling", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 40 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8318614", "chunk_text": "\"Love Yourself\"\nCapital FM's Jingle Bell Ball 2015. He performed the song at the 58th Annual Grammy Awards. The singer performed an acoustic version of the track with James Bay on the guitar before performing \"\"Sorry\"\" during the 2016 Brit Awards. He also performed an acoustic version of the song during the 3rd iHeartRadio Music Awards before proceeding to a full performance of \"\"Company\"\". \"\"Love Yourself\"\" is also part of the set list of his Purpose World Tour. The performance has Bieber on acoustic guitar while seated on a red velvet couch down center stage. He performed the song at Radio Disney", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 41 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15484064", "chunk_text": "\"Love Yourself\"\nthe same room cause we did a lot of it separate. He is a good guy, super talented. Really good songwriter so just to be able to work with that calibre of songwriter was really, really awesome.\"\" In 2017, Sheeran revealed that \"\"Love Yourself\"\" was written for his album \"\"÷\"\". He said in an interview that the track would have been scrapped before Bieber took the song. On November 9, 2015 \"\"Love Yourself\"\" premiered on \"\"Beats 1\"\" along with \"\"The Feeling\"\". The song was also made available on iTunes in the same day as a promotional single of \"\"Purpose\"\", and", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 42 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10081567", "chunk_text": "\"Love Myself (campaign)\"\nthe world. As well as education programs for local communities to aid violence prevention. Love Myself (campaign) Love Myself (stylised as LOVE MYSELF) is a two-year, anti-violence campaign launched on November 1, 2017 by South Korean boy band BTS in partnership with the Korean and Japan Committee for UNICEF. The campaign idea was introduced by the group as a sponsorship to #ENDviolence, a UNICEF global campaign aimed at the protection of young people so they can live without the fear of violence, and promotes the hashtag – #BTSLoveMyself, which asks fans and supporters to post self-loving photos with the hashtag", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 43 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6478750", "chunk_text": "\"Somebody to Love (Justin Bieber song)\"\nSomebody to Love (Justin Bieber song) \"\"Somebody to Love\"\" is a song performed by Canadian recording artist Justin Bieber. The song served as the second single from his album, \"\"My World 2.0\"\". It was written by Heather Bright and The Stereotypes, and produced by the latter. The song was originally recorded as a demo by Bieber's mentor, R&B singer, Usher, for his sixth studio album, \"\"Raymond v. Raymond\"\" (2010). After things went stale with Usher's label, The Stereotypes were encouraged to give the song to Bieber, who recorded it, with Usher performing background vocals. The song is an upbeat pop", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 44 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19932484", "chunk_text": "\"Love Me (Justin Bieber song)\"\nand its usage of the \"\"Lovefool\"\" sample. The song peaked in Canada and in the U.S. at twelve and thirty-seven, respectively. The song also charted in the United Kingdom on its main chart and R&B chart, and in Australia. The music video for the song was released on August 3, 2010 and serves as a \"\"tribute to his worldwide fans, thanking them for their support\"\". The dominant scenes are made of up of live performances, behind-the-scenes footage, and Bieber standing in front of a blue and white backdrop dancing. Bieber opened every show on his My World Tour with the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 45 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6601444", "chunk_text": "\"Justin Bieber\"\ndon’t want to start singing about things like sex, drugs and swearing. I’m into love, and maybe I’ll get more into making love when I’m older. But I want to be someone who is respected by everybody.\"\" But since then, Bieber gradually altered his artistry, with Peter Gicas of \"\"E! Online\"\" describing \"\"PYD\"\" as \"\"sexed-up\"\", while \"\"In Touch Weekly\"\" magazine describing his song with Maejor Ali and Juicy J \"\"Lolly\"\" might make his fans a bit uncomfortable because of its lyrics. After his hit in 2015 on Jack Ü's track \"\"Where Are Ü Now\"\", Bieber released the EDM-fuelled album \"\"Purpose\"\"", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 46 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19089300", "chunk_text": "\"Love Me (Justin Bieber song)\"\nperformances. Other scenes of the video feature behind-the-scenes footage such as; rehearsal sessions, fan meet and greets, making radio appearances, jokingly walking around with toilet paper sticking out of his pants, and scenes with friends and family. Bieber's mentor, Usher, also makes an appearance in the video. The video also incorporates Bieber standing in front of a \"\"simple [white] backdrop\"\" dancing and \"\"draw[ing] hearts in the air, presumably directed at his loving fanbase\"\" relative to the songs theme, \"\"Love Me\"\". Bieber performed the song several times including at the new Microsoft Store grand opening in Mission Viejo, California, on the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 47 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3735055", "chunk_text": "\"Change Me (Justin Bieber song)\"\nChange Me (Justin Bieber song) \"\"Change Me\"\" is a song by Canadian recording artist Justin Bieber from his second compilation album \"\"Journals\"\" (2013) discussing his life after the world turned on him was released on December 2, 2013. The song is the ninth in Bieber's series Music Mondays, the first eight being \"\"Heartbreaker\"\" (October 7, 2013), \"\"All That Matters\"\" (October 14), \"\"Hold Tight\"\" (October 21), \"\"Recovery\"\" (October 28), \"\"Bad Day\"\" (November 4), \"\"All Bad\"\" (November 11), \"\"PYD\"\" (November 18) and \"\"Roller Coaster\"\" (November 25). Bieber released a new single every week for 10 weeks from October 7 to December 9,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 48 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8573228", "chunk_text": "\"A Bridge over You\"\non sales of the single—16.5p from every 99p sale—would be donated to charity. \"\"A Bridge over You\"\" was originally released independently by Blunden on behalf of the NHS Trust through EmuBands on 9 December 2013 in support of various charities including Carers UK, Mind and other smaller healthcare related charities. The 2015 campaign's organisers asked supporters not to purchase the song until the week of the Christmas charts so as to focus sales. On the week of the Christmas charts, Justin Bieber, whose song \"\"Love Yourself\"\" was the favourite for the accolade, tweeted his support for the choir's song: \"\"For", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 49 } ]
test_3536	where does the electron transport chain get its electrons from?	n/a	[ "electron donors", "donor molecule" ]	[]	n/a	n/a	n/a	[]	[ { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2320106", "chunk_text": "\"Electron transport chain\"\nElectron transport chain An electron transport chain (ETC) is a series of complexes that transfer electrons from electron donors to electron acceptors via redox (both reduction and oxidation occurring simultaneously) reactions, and couples this electron transfer with the transfer of protons (H ions) across a membrane. This creates an electrochemical proton gradient that drives the synthesis of adenosine triphosphate (ATP), a molecule that stores energy chemically in the form of highly strained bonds. The molecules of the chain include peptides, enzymes (which are proteins or protein complexes), and others. The final acceptor of electrons in the electron transport chain during", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 0 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3079088", "chunk_text": "\"Electron transport chain\"\naerobic respiration is molecular oxygen although a variety of acceptors other than oxygen such as sulfate exist in anaerobic respiration. Electron transport chains are used for extracting energy via redox reactions from sunlight in photosynthesis or, such as in the case of the oxidation of sugars, cellular respiration. In eukaryotes, an important electron transport chain is found in the inner mitochondrial membrane where it serves as the site of oxidative phosphorylation through the action of ATP synthase. It is also found in the thylakoid membrane of the chloroplast in photosynthetic eukaryotes. In bacteria, the electron transport chain is located in", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 1 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3079089", "chunk_text": "\"Electron transport chain\"\ntheir cell membrane. In chloroplasts, light drives the conversion of water to oxygen and NADP to NADPH with transfer of H ions across chloroplast membranes. In mitochondria, it is the conversion of oxygen to water, NADH to NAD and succinate to fumarate that are required to generate the proton gradient. Electron transport chains are major sites of premature electron leakage to oxygen, generating superoxide and potentially resulting in increased oxidative stress. The electron transport chain consists of a spatially separated series of redox reactions in which electrons are transferred from a donor molecule to an acceptor molecule. The underlying force", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 2 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3079092", "chunk_text": "\"Electron transport chain\"\npass electrons to a more electronegative acceptor, which in turn donates these electrons to another acceptor, a process that continues down the series until electrons are passed to oxygen, the most electronegative and terminal electron acceptor in the chain. Passage of electrons between donor and acceptor releases energy, which is used to generate a proton gradient across the mitochondrial membrane by actively \"\"pumping\"\" protons into the intermembrane space, producing a thermodynamic state that has the potential to do work. This entire process is called oxidative phosphorylation, since ADP is phosphorylated to ATP using the energy of hydrogen oxidation in many", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 3 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3079091", "chunk_text": "\"Electron transport chain\"\npowers most cellular reactions. A small amount of ATP is available from substrate-level phosphorylation, for example, in glycolysis. In most organisms the majority of ATP is generated in electron transport chains, while only some obtain ATP by fermentation. Most eukaryotic cells have mitochondria, which produce ATP from products of the citric acid cycle, fatty acid oxidation, and amino acid oxidation. At the mitochondrial inner membrane, electrons from NADH and FADH2 pass through the electron transport chain to oxygen, which is reduced to water. The electron transport chain comprises an enzymatic series of electron donors and acceptors. Each electron donor will", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 4 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17189304", "chunk_text": "\"Electron transport chain\"\nof protons across a membrane, producing a proton gradient. The proton gradient is used to produce useful work. About 30 work units are produced per electron transport. Electron transport chain An electron transport chain (ETC) is a series of complexes that transfer electrons from electron donors to electron acceptors via redox (both reduction and oxidation occurring simultaneously) reactions, and couples this electron transfer with the transfer of protons (H ions) across a membrane. This creates an electrochemical proton gradient that drives the synthesis of adenosine triphosphate (ATP), a molecule that stores energy chemically in the form of highly strained bonds.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 5 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3079093", "chunk_text": "\"Electron transport chain\"\nsteps. A small percentage of electrons do not complete the whole series and instead directly leak to oxygen, resulting in the formation of the free-radical superoxide, a highly reactive molecule that contributes to oxidative stress and has been implicated in a number of diseases and aging. Energy obtained through the transfer of electrons down the ETC is used to pump protons from the mitochondrial matrix into the intermembrane space, creating an electrochemical proton gradient (ΔpH) across the inner mitochondrial membrane (IMM). This proton gradient is largely but not exclusively responsible for the mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨ). It allows ATP synthase", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 6 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2320124", "chunk_text": "\"Electron transport chain\"\nchain electrons move from an electron donor (NADH or QH) to a terminal electron acceptor (O) via a series of redox reactions. These reactions are coupled to the creation of a proton gradient across the mitochondrial inner membrane. There are three proton pumps: \"\"I\"\", \"\"III\"\", and \"\"IV\"\". The resulting transmembrane proton gradient is used to make ATP via ATP synthase. The reactions catalyzed by \"\"Complex I\"\" and \"\"Complex III\"\" work roughly at equilibrium. This means that these reactions are readily reversible, by increasing the concentration of the products relative to the concentration of the reactants (for example, by increasing the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 7 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3079096", "chunk_text": "\"Electron transport chain\"\nproducing a proton gradient. Complex I is one of the main sites at which premature electron leakage to oxygen occurs, thus being one of the main sites of production of superoxide. The pathway of electrons is as follows: NADH is oxidized to NAD, by reducing Flavin mononucleotide to FMNH in one two-electron step. FMNH is then oxidized in two one-electron steps, through a semiquinone intermediate. Each electron thus transfers from the FMNH to an Fe-S cluster, from the Fe-S cluster to ubiquinone (Q). Transfer of the first electron results in the free-radical (semiquinone) form of Q, and transfer of the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 8 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19764033", "chunk_text": "\"Electron transport chain\"\nstructures imbedded in the membrane. The mobile cytochrome electron carrier in mitochondria is cytochrome \"\"c\"\". Bacteria use a number of different mobile cytochrome electron carriers. Other cytochromes are found within macromolecules such as \"\"Complex III\"\" and \"\"Complex IV\"\". They also function as electron carriers, but in a very different, intramolecular, solid-state environment. Electrons may enter an electron transport chain at the level of a mobile cytochrome or quinone carrier. For example, electrons from inorganic electron donors (nitrite, ferrous iron, etc.) enter the electron transport chain at the cytochrome level. When electrons enter at a redox level greater than NADH, the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 9 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20636320", "chunk_text": "\"Electron transport chain\"\ncan synthesize different transmembrane complexes and produce different electron transport chains in their cell membranes. Bacteria select their electron transport chains from a DNA library containing multiple possible dehydrogenases, terminal oxidases and terminal reductases. The situation is often summarized by saying that electron transport chains in bacteria are \"\"branched\"\", \"\"modular\"\", and \"\"inducible\"\". In oxidative phosphorylation, electrons are transferred from a low-energy electron donor (e.g., NADH) to an acceptor (e.g., O) through an electron transport chain. In photophosphorylation, the energy of sunlight is used to \"\"create\"\" a high-energy electron donor and an electron acceptor. Electrons are then transferred from the donor", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 10 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20636318", "chunk_text": "\"Electron transport chain\"\nand inorganic. If oxygen is available, it is invariably used as the terminal electron acceptor, because it generates the greatest Gibbs free energy change and produces the most energy. In anaerobic environments, different electron acceptors are used, including nitrate, nitrite, ferric iron, sulfate, carbon dioxide, and small organic molecules such as fumarate. Since electron transport chains are redox processes, they can be described as the sum of two redox pairs. For example, the mitochondrial electron transport chain can be described as the sum of the NAD/NADH redox pair and the O/HO redox pair. NADH is the electron donor and O", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 11 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17485127", "chunk_text": "\"Electron transport chain\"\nproton gradient). ATP synthase is also readily reversible. Thus ATP can be used to build a proton gradient, which in turn can be used to make NADH. This process of \"\"reverse electron transport\"\" is important in many prokaryotic electron transport chains. In eukaryotes, NADH is the most important electron donor. The associated electron transport chain is NADH → \"\"Complex I\"\" → Q → \"\"Complex III\"\" → cytochrome \"\"c\"\" → \"\"Complex IV\"\" → O where \"\"Complexes I, III\"\" and\"\" IV\"\" are proton pumps, while Q and cytochrome \"\"c\"\" are mobile electron carriers. The electron acceptor is molecular oxygen. In prokaryotes (bacteria", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 12 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3079101", "chunk_text": "\"Electron transport chain\"\nby Nobel Prize in Chemistry winner Peter D. Mitchell, the electron transport chain and oxidative phosphorylation are coupled by a proton gradient across the inner mitochondrial membrane. The efflux of protons from the mitochondrial matrix creates an electrochemical gradient (proton gradient). This gradient is used by the FF ATP synthase complex to make ATP via oxidative phosphorylation. ATP synthase is sometimes described as \"\"Complex V\"\" of the electron transport chain. The F component of ATP synthase acts as an ion channel that provides for a proton flux back into the mitochondrial matrix. It is composed of a, b and c", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 13 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20636314", "chunk_text": "\"Electron transport chain\"\nproton pumps; others are not. Most oxidases and reductases are proton pumps, but some are not. Cytochrome \"\"bc\"\" is a proton pump found in many, but not all, bacteria (it is not found in \"\"E. coli\"\"). As the name implies, bacterial \"\"bc\"\" is similar to mitochondrial \"\"bc\"\" (\"\"Complex III\"\"). Proton pumps are the heart of the electron transport process. They produce the transmembrane electrochemical gradient that enables ATP Synthase to synthesize ATP. Cytochromes are pigments that contain iron. They are found in two very different environments. Some cytochromes are water-soluble carriers that shuttle electrons to and from large, immobile macromolecular", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 14 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17189303", "chunk_text": "\"Electron transport chain\"\nto the acceptor through another electron transport chain. Photosynthetic electron transport chains have many similarities to the oxidative chains discussed above. They use mobile, lipid-soluble carriers (quinones) and mobile, water-soluble carriers (cytochromes, etc.). They also contain a proton pump. It is remarkable that the proton pump in \"\"all\"\" photosynthetic chains resembles mitochondrial \"\"Complex III\"\". Photosynthetic electron transport chains are discussed in greater detail in the articles Photophosphorylation, Photosynthesis, Photosynthetic reaction center and Light-dependent reaction. Electron transport chains are redox reactions that transfer electrons from an electron donor to an electron acceptor. The transfer of electrons is coupled to the translocation", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 15 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3079094", "chunk_text": "\"Electron transport chain\"\nto use the flow of H through the enzyme back into the matrix to generate ATP from adenosine diphosphate (ADP) and inorganic phosphate. Complex I (NADH coenzyme Q reductase; labeled I) accepts electrons from the Krebs cycle electron carrier nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH), and passes them to coenzyme Q (ubiquinone; labeled Q), which also receives electrons from complex II (succinate dehydrogenase; labeled II). Q passes electrons to complex III (cytochrome bc complex; labeled III), which passes them to cytochrome \"\"c\"\" (cyt \"\"c\"\"). Cyt \"\"c\"\" passes electrons to Complex IV (cytochrome \"\"c\"\" oxidase; labeled IV), which uses the electrons and hydrogen", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 16 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3079090", "chunk_text": "\"Electron transport chain\"\ndriving these reactions is the Gibbs free energy of the reactants and products. The Gibbs free energy is the energy available (\"\"free\"\") to do work. Any reaction that decreases the overall Gibbs free energy of a system is thermodynamically spontaneous. The function of the electron transport chain is to produce a transmembrane proton electrochemical gradient as a result of the redox reactions. If protons flow back through the membrane, they enable mechanical work, such as rotating bacterial flagella. ATP synthase, an enzyme highly conserved among all domains of life, converts this mechanical work into chemical energy by producing ATP, which", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 17 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20636312", "chunk_text": "\"Electron transport chain\"\nvia NADH dehydrogenase (similar to \"\"Complex I\"\" in mitochondria) or succinate dehydrogenase (similar to \"\"Complex II\"\"). Other dehydrogenases may be used to process different energy sources: formate dehydrogenase, lactate dehydrogenase, glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase, H dehydrogenase (hydrogenase), etc. Some dehydrogenases are also proton pumps; others funnel electrons into the quinone pool. Most dehydrogenases show induced expression in the bacterial cell in response to metabolic needs triggered by the environment in which the cells grow. Quinones are mobile, lipid-soluble carriers that shuttle electrons (and protons) between large, relatively immobile macromolecular complexes embedded in the membrane. Bacteria use \"\"ubiquinone\"\" (the same quinone that mitochondria", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 18 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3079095", "chunk_text": "\"Electron transport chain\"\nions to reduce molecular oxygen to water. Four membrane-bound complexes have been identified in mitochondria. Each is an extremely complex transmembrane structure that is embedded in the inner membrane. Three of them are proton pumps. The structures are electrically connected by lipid-soluble electron carriers and water-soluble electron carriers. The overall electron transport chain: In \"\"Complex I\"\" (NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductase, NADH-CoQ reductase, or NADH dehydrogenase; ), two electrons are removed from NADH and ultimately transferred to a lipid-soluble carrier, ubiquinone (UQ). The reduced product, ubiquinol (UQH), freely diffuses within the membrane, and Complex I translocates four protons (H) across the membrane, thus", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 19 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17485129", "chunk_text": "\"Electron transport chain\"\nAcceptor\"\". Individual bacteria use multiple electron transport chains, often simultaneously. Bacteria can use a number of different electron donors, a number of different dehydrogenases, a number of different oxidases and reductases, and a number of different electron acceptors. For example, \"\"E. coli\"\" (when growing aerobically using glucose as an energy source) uses two different NADH dehydrogenases and two different quinol oxidases, for a total of four different electron transport chains operating simultaneously. A common feature of all electron transport chains is the presence of a proton pump to create a transmembrane proton gradient. Bacterial electron transport chains may contain as", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 20 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17485130", "chunk_text": "\"Electron transport chain\"\nmany as three proton pumps, like mitochondria, or they may contain only one or two. They always contain at least one proton pump. In the present day biosphere, the most common electron donors are organic molecules. Organisms that use organic molecules as an electron source are called \"\"organotrophs\"\". Organotrophs (animals, fungi, protists) and \"\"phototrophs\"\" (plants and algae) constitute the vast majority of all familiar life forms. Some prokaryotes can use inorganic matter as an energy source. Such an organism is called a \"\"lithotroph\"\" (\"\"rock-eater\"\"). Inorganic electron donors include hydrogen, carbon monoxide, ammonia, nitrite, sulfur, sulfide, manganese oxide, and ferrous iron.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 21 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4909247", "chunk_text": "\"Oxidative phosphorylation\"\ntransport chain, from electron donors such as NADH to electron acceptors such as oxygen, is an exergonic process – it releases energy, whereas the synthesis of ATP is an endergonic process, which requires an input of energy. Both the electron transport chain and the ATP synthase are embedded in a membrane, and energy is transferred from electron transport chain to the ATP synthase by movements of protons across this membrane, in a process called \"\"chemiosmosis\"\". In practice, this is like a simple electric circuit, with a current of protons being driven from the negative N-side of the membrane to the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 22 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2320118", "chunk_text": "\"Electron transport chain\"\nelectron donors (e.g., fatty acids and glycerol 3-phosphate) also direct electrons into Q (via FAD). Complex 2 is a parallel electron transport pathway to complex 1, but unlike complex 1, no protons are transported to the intermembrane space in this pathway. Therefore, the pathway through complex 2 contributes less energy to the overall electron transport chain process. This complex is inhibited by Carboxin. In \"\"Complex III\"\" (cytochrome \"\"bc\"\" complex or CoQH-cytochrome \"\"c\"\" reductase; ), the Q-cycle contributes to the proton gradient by an asymmetric absorption/release of protons. Two electrons are removed from QH at the Q site and sequentially transferred", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 23 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17485128", "chunk_text": "\"Electron transport chain\"\nand archaea) the situation is more complicated, because there are several different electron donors and several different electron acceptors. The generalized electron transport chain in bacteria is: Note that electrons can enter the chain at three levels: at the level of a dehydrogenase, at the level of the quinone pool, or at the level of a mobile cytochrome electron carrier. These levels correspond to successively more positive redox potentials, or to successively decreased potential differences relative to the terminal electron acceptor. In other words, they correspond to successively smaller Gibbs free energy changes for the overall redox reaction \"\"Donor →", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 24 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20636316", "chunk_text": "\"Electron transport chain\"\nelectron transport chain must operate in reverse to produce this necessary, higher-energy molecule. When bacteria grow in aerobic environments, the terminal electron acceptor (O) is reduced to water by an enzyme called an \"\"oxidase\"\". When bacteria grow in anaerobic environments, the terminal electron acceptor is reduced by an enzyme called a \"\"reductase\"\". In mitochondria the terminal membrane complex (\"\"Complex IV\"\") is cytochrome oxidase. Aerobic bacteria use a number of different terminal oxidases. For example, \"\"E. coli\"\" does not have a cytochrome oxidase or a \"\"bc\"\" complex. Under aerobic conditions, it uses two different terminal quinol oxidases (both proton pumps) to", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 25 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4909244", "chunk_text": "\"Oxidative phosphorylation\"\nATP. In eukaryotes, these redox reactions are carried out by a series of protein complexes within the inner membrane of the cell's mitochondria, whereas, in prokaryotes, these proteins are located in the cells' intermembrane space. These linked sets of proteins are called electron transport chains. In eukaryotes, five main protein complexes are involved, whereas in prokaryotes many different enzymes are present, using a variety of electron donors and acceptors. The energy released by electrons flowing through this electron transport chain is used to transport protons across the inner mitochondrial membrane, in a process called \"\"electron transport\"\". This generates potential energy", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 26 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4910149", "chunk_text": "\"Oxidative phosphorylation\"\nremoved from NADH and passed to oxygen through a series of enzymes that each release a small amount of the energy. This set of enzymes, consisting of complexes I through IV, is called the electron transport chain and is found in the inner membrane of the mitochondrion. Succinate is also oxidized by the electron transport chain, but feeds into the pathway at a different point. In eukaryotes, the enzymes in this electron transport system use the energy released from the oxidation of NADH to pump protons across the inner membrane of the mitochondrion. This causes protons to build up in", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 27 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18187853", "chunk_text": "\"Electron transport chain\"\nLithotrophs have been found growing in rock formations thousands of meters below the surface of Earth. Because of their volume of distribution, lithotrophs may actually outnumber organotrophs and phototrophs in our biosphere. The use of inorganic electron donors as an energy source is of particular interest in the study of evolution. This type of metabolism must logically have preceded the use of organic molecules as an energy source. Bacteria can use a number of different electron donors. When organic matter is the energy source, the donor may be NADH or succinate, in which case electrons enter the electron transport chain", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 28 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3079099", "chunk_text": "\"Electron transport chain\"\nto two molecules of cytochrome \"\"c\"\", a water-soluble electron carrier located within the intermembrane space. The two other electrons sequentially pass across the protein to the Q site where the quinone part of ubiquinone is reduced to quinol. A proton gradient is formed by one quinol (<chem>2H+2e-</chem>) oxidations at the Q site to form one quinone (<chem>2H+2e-</chem>) at the Q site. (in total four protons are translocated: two protons reduce quinone to quinol and two protons are released from two ubiquinol molecules). When electron transfer is reduced (by a high membrane potential or respiratory inhibitors such as antimycin A), Complex", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 29 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9636187", "chunk_text": "Biochemistry\nelectron transport system transferring the electrons ultimately to oxygen and conserving the released energy in the form of a proton gradient over a membrane (inner mitochondrial membrane in eukaryotes). Thus, oxygen is reduced to water and the original electron acceptors NAD and quinone are regenerated. This is why humans breathe in oxygen and breathe out carbon dioxide. The energy released from transferring the electrons from high-energy states in NADH and quinol is conserved first as proton gradient and converted to ATP via ATP synthase. This generates an additional \"\"28\"\" molecules of ATP (24 from the 8 NADH + 4 from", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 30 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2320122", "chunk_text": "\"Electron transport chain\"\nsubunits. Protons in the inter-membranous space of mitochondria first enters the ATP synthase complex through \"\"a\"\" subunit channel. Then protons move to the c subunits. The number of c subunits it has determines how many protons it will require to make the F turn one full revolution. For example, in humans, there are 8 c subunits, thus 8 protons are required. After \"\"c\"\" subunits, protons finally enters matrix using \"\"a\"\" subunit channel that opens into the mitochondrial matrix. This reflux releases free energy produced during the generation of the oxidized forms of the electron carriers (NAD and Q). The free", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 31 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14309443", "chunk_text": "\"Ion transporter\"\nelectron transport chain is regulated by the precense of H+ ions (pH of the solution) in solution. Ion transporter In biology, an ion transporter (or ion pump) is a transmembrane protein that moves ions across a plasma membrane against their concentration gradient through active transport. These primary transporters are enzymes that convert energy from various sources—including adenosine triphosphate (ATP), sunlight, and other redox reactions—to potential energy stored in an electrochemical gradient. This potential energy is then used by secondary transporters, including ion carriers and ion channels, to drive vital cellular processes, such as ATP synthesis. Ion transporters are classified as", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 32 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8349730", "chunk_text": "Chlorophyll\nelectron to a series of molecular intermediates called an electron transport chain. The charged reaction center of chlorophyll (P680) is then reduced back to its ground state by accepting an electron stripped from water. The electron that reduces P680 ultimately comes from the oxidation of water into O and H through several intermediates. This reaction is how photosynthetic organisms such as plants produce O gas, and is the source for practically all the O in Earth's atmosphere. Photosystem I typically works in series with Photosystem II; thus the P700 of Photosystem I is usually reduced as it accepts the electron,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 33 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9833274", "chunk_text": "\"Oxidative phosphorylation\"\npassing electrons from donors to acceptors, and transporting protons across a membrane. These processes use both soluble and protein-bound transfer molecules. In mitochondria, electrons are transferred within the intermembrane space by the water-soluble electron transfer protein cytochrome c. This carries only electrons, and these are transferred by the reduction and oxidation of an iron atom that the protein holds within a heme group in its structure. Cytochrome c is also found in some bacteria, where it is located within the periplasmic space. Within the inner mitochondrial membrane, the lipid-soluble electron carrier coenzyme Q10 (Q) carries both electrons and protons by", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 34 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20636313", "chunk_text": "\"Electron transport chain\"\nuse) and related quinones such as \"\"menaquinone\"\". Another name for ubiquinone is \"\"Coenzyme Q10.\"\" A \"\"proton pump\"\" is any process that creates a proton gradient across a membrane. Protons can be physically moved across a membrane; this is seen in mitochondrial \"\"Complexes I\"\" and \"\"IV\"\". The same effect can be produced by moving electrons in the opposite direction. The result is the disappearance of a proton from the cytoplasm and the appearance of a proton in the periplasm. Mitochondrial \"\"Complex III\"\" uses this second type of proton pump, which is mediated by a quinone (the Q cycle). Some dehydrogenases are", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 35 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15518369", "chunk_text": "\"Reactive oxygen species\"\nchain. In the electron transport chain, electrons are passed through a series of proteins via oxidation-reduction reactions, with each acceptor protein along the chain having a greater reduction potential than the previous. The last destination for an electron along this chain is an oxygen molecule. In normal conditions, the oxygen is reduced to produce water; however, in about 0.1–2% of electrons passing through the chain (this number derives from studies in isolated mitochondria, though the exact rate in live organisms is yet to be fully agreed upon), oxygen is instead prematurely and incompletely reduced to give the superoxide radical (),", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 36 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19764035", "chunk_text": "\"Electron transport chain\"\nreduce oxygen to water. Anaerobic bacteria, which do not use oxygen as a terminal electron acceptor, have terminal reductases individualized to their terminal acceptor. For example, \"\"E. coli\"\" can use fumarate reductase, nitrate reductase, nitrite reductase, DMSO reductase, or trimethylamine-N-oxide reductase, depending on the availability of these acceptors in the environment. Most terminal oxidases and reductases are \"\"inducible\"\". They are synthesized by the organism as needed, in response to specific environmental conditions. Just as there are a number of different electron donors (organic matter in organotrophs, inorganic matter in lithotrophs), there are a number of different electron acceptors, both organic", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 37 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15732994", "chunk_text": "\"Reverse electron flow\"\nReverse electron flow Reverse electron flow (also known as reverse electron transport) is a mechanism in microbial metabolism. Chemolithotrophs using an electron donor with a higher redox potential than NAD(P)/NAD(P)H, such as nitrite or sulfur compounds, must use energy to reduce NAD(P). This energy is supplied by consuming proton motive force to drive electrons in a reverse direction through an electron transport chain and is thus the reverse process as forward electron transport. In some cases, the energy consumed in reverse electron transport is five times greater than energy gained from the forward process. Autotrophs can use this process to", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 38 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14699053", "chunk_text": "Chloroplast\nan electron transport chain. The molecules between the photosystems harness the electrons' energy to pump hydrogen ions into the thylakoid space, creating a concentration gradient, with more hydrogen ions (up to a thousand times as many) inside the thylakoid system than in the stroma. The hydrogen ions in the thylakoid space then diffuse back down their concentration gradient, flowing back out into the stroma through ATP synthase. ATP synthase uses the energy from the flowing hydrogen ions to phosphorylate adenosine diphosphate into adenosine triphosphate, or ATP. Because chloroplast ATP synthase projects out into the stroma, the ATP is synthesized there,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 39 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16370235", "chunk_text": "\"Carbohydrate catabolism\"\nof electrons, is used to reduce NAD+ and FAD to NADH and FADH, respectively. NADH and FADH contain the stored energy harnessed from the initial glucose molecule and is used in the electron transport chain where the bulk of the ATP is produced. The last process in aerobic respiration is oxidative phosphorylation, also known as the electron transport chain. Here NADH and FADH, which contain the energy in the form of electrons, deliver their electrons to the inner membranes of the mitochondrion to power the production of ATP. Oxidative phosphorylation contributes the majority of the ATP produced, compared to glycolysis", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 40 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9341764", "chunk_text": "Photosynthesis\nelectron-acceptor molecule, pheophytin. As the electrons are shuttled through an electron transport chain (the so-called Z-scheme shown in the diagram), it initially functions to generate a chemiosmotic potential by pumping proton cations (H) across the membrane and into the thylakoid space. An ATP synthase enzyme uses that chemiosmotic potential to make ATP during photophosphorylation, whereas NADPH is a product of the terminal redox reaction in the \"\"Z-scheme\"\". The electron enters a chlorophyll molecule in Photosystem I. There it is further excited by the light absorbed by that photosystem. The electron is then passed along a chain of electron acceptors to", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 41 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14309434", "chunk_text": "\"Ion transporter\"\nIon transporter In biology, an ion transporter (or ion pump) is a transmembrane protein that moves ions across a plasma membrane against their concentration gradient through active transport. These primary transporters are enzymes that convert energy from various sources—including adenosine triphosphate (ATP), sunlight, and other redox reactions—to potential energy stored in an electrochemical gradient. This potential energy is then used by secondary transporters, including ion carriers and ion channels, to drive vital cellular processes, such as ATP synthesis. Ion transporters are classified as a super family of transporters that contain 12 families of transporters. These families are part of the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 42 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14858909", "chunk_text": "\"Reverse electron flow\"\nsupply reducing power for inorganic carbon fixation. Reverse electron flow Reverse electron flow (also known as reverse electron transport) is a mechanism in microbial metabolism. Chemolithotrophs using an electron donor with a higher redox potential than NAD(P)/NAD(P)H, such as nitrite or sulfur compounds, must use energy to reduce NAD(P). This energy is supplied by consuming proton motive force to drive electrons in a reverse direction through an electron transport chain and is thus the reverse process as forward electron transport. In some cases, the energy consumed in reverse electron transport is five times greater than energy gained from the forward", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 43 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2320120", "chunk_text": "\"Electron transport chain\"\nIII may leak electrons to molecular oxygen, resulting in superoxide formation. This complex is inhibited by British Antilewisite(BAL), Napthoquinone and Antimycin. In \"\"Complex IV\"\" (cytochrome \"\"c\"\" oxidase; ), sometimes called cytochrome AA3, four electrons are removed from four molecules of cytochrome \"\"c\"\" and transferred to molecular oxygen (O), producing two molecules of water. At the same time, eight protons are removed from the mitochondrial matrix (although only four are translocated across the membrane), contributing to the proton gradient. The activity of cytochrome c oxidase is inhibited by cyanide, carbon monoxide, azide, hydrogen sulphide(HS). According to the chemiosmotic coupling hypothesis, proposed", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 44 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18162052", "chunk_text": "\"Adenosine diphosphate\"\nelectrons from NADH or FADH2 to O2 through electron carriers. The energy released when electrons are passed from higher-energy NADH or FADH2 to the lower-energy O2 is required to phosphorylate ADP and once again generate ATP. It is this energy coupling and phosphorylation of ADP to ATP that gives the electron transport chain the name oxidative phosphorylation. During the initial phases of glycolysis and the TCA cycle, cofactors such as NAD+ donate and accept electrons that aid in the electron transport chain's ability to produce a proton gradient across the inner mitochondrial membrane. The ATP synthase complex exists within the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 45 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3158223", "chunk_text": "\"Electrochemical gradient\"\nthe iron-sulfur center which then transfers it to cytochrome f which then transfers it to plastocyanin. The second electron is transferred to heme b which then transfers it to heme b which then transfers it to PQ. In the second reaction, a second PQH gets oxidized, adding an electron to another plastocyanin and PQ. Both reactions together transfer four protons into the lumen. In the electron transport chain, Complex I (CI) catalyzes the reduction of ubiquinone (UQ) to ubiquinol (UQH) by the transfer of two electrons from reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH) which translocates four protons from the mitochondrial matrix", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 46 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14699055", "chunk_text": "Chloroplast\ndepleted electrons at the end of an electron transport chain. Normally, the reenergized electrons are taken by NADP, though sometimes they can flow back down more H-pumping electron transport chains to transport more hydrogen ions into the thylakoid space to generate more ATP. This is termed cyclic photophosphorylation because the electrons are recycled. Cyclic photophosphorylation is common in plants, which need more ATP than NADPH. The Calvin cycle, also known as the dark reactions, is a series of biochemical reactions that fixes CO into G3P sugar molecules and uses the energy and electrons from the ATP and NADPH made in", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 47 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17036761", "chunk_text": "\"Light-dependent reactions\"\nthe electron to pheophytin, it obtains an electron from P. In turn, P can oxidize the Z (or Y) molecule. Once oxidized, the Z molecule can derive electrons from the oxygen-evolving complex (OEC). Dolai's S-state diagrams show the reactions of water splitting in the oxygen-evolving complex. PS II is a transmembrane structure found in all chloroplasts. It splits water into electrons, protons and molecular oxygen. The electrons are transferred to plastoquinone, which carries them to a proton pump. Molecular oxygen is released into the atmosphere. The emergence of such an incredibly complex structure, a macromolecule that converts the energy of", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 48 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20636319", "chunk_text": "\"Electron transport chain\"\nis the electron acceptor. Not every donor-acceptor combination is thermodynamically possible. The redox potential of the acceptor must be more positive than the redox potential of the donor. Furthermore, actual environmental conditions may be far different from \"\"standard\"\" conditions (1 molar concentrations, 1 atm partial pressures, pH = 7), which apply to \"\"standard\"\" redox potentials. For example, hydrogen-evolving bacteria grow at an ambient partial pressure of hydrogen gas of 10 atm. The associated redox reaction, which is thermodynamically favorable in nature, is thermodynamic impossible under \"\"standard\"\" conditions. Bacterial electron transport pathways are, in general, inducible. Depending on their environment, bacteria", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 49 } ]
test_3537	when did the ottoman empire surrender in ww1?	n/a	[ "1918", "30 October 1918" ]	[]	n/a	n/a	n/a	[]	[ { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17918901", "chunk_text": "\"History of the Ottoman Empire during World War I\"\nHistory of the Ottoman Empire during World War I The Ottoman Empire participated in World War I as one of the Central Powers. The Ottoman Empire entered the war by carrying out a surprise attack on Russia's Black Sea coast on 29 October 1914, with Russia responding by declaring war on 5 November 1914. Ottoman forces fought the Entente in the Balkans and the Middle Eastern theatre of World War I. The Ottoman Empire's defeat in the war in 1918 was crucial in the eventual dissolution of the empire in 1921. The Ottoman entry into World War I began on", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 0 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9584009", "chunk_text": "\"History of the Ottoman Empire during World War I\"\non 18 March 1915 was a set of secret assurances, which Great Britain promised to give the Capital and the Dardanelles to the Russians in the event of victory. The city of Constantinople was intended to be a free port. During 1915, British forces invalidated the Anglo-Ottoman Convention, declaring Kuwait to be an \"\"independent sheikdom under British protectorate.\"\" On 10 September 1915, Interior Minister Talat Pasha abolished the \"\"Capitulations\"\". On 10 September 1915 Grand Vizier Said Halim Pasha annulled (Vizer had the authority on annuls) the Capitulations, which ended the special privileges they granted to foreign nationals. The capitulation holders", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 1 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "149305", "chunk_text": "\"Ottoman Empire\"\nthe Italo-Turkish War (1911) and almost all of its European territories in the Balkan Wars (1912–1913). The Empire faced continuous unrest in the years leading up to World War I, including the Ottoman countercoup of 1909, the 31 March Incident and two further coups in 1912 and 1913. The history of the Ottoman Empire during World War I began with the Ottoman surprise attack on the Russian Black Sea coast on 29 October 1914. Following the attack, Russia and its allies, France and Britain, declared war on the Ottomans. There were several important Ottoman victories in the early years of", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 2 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9584026", "chunk_text": "\"History of the Ottoman Empire during World War I\"\nsimilar armistice on short notice in the Armistice of Salonica which had been negotiated by French General d'Esperey, and that Great Britain (and Czarist Russia) had committed the vast majority of troops to the campaign against the Ottomans. The French agreed to accept the matter as closed. On 30 October 1918, the Armistice of Mudros was signed, ending Ottoman involvement in World War 1. The Ottoman public, however, was given misleadingly positive impressions of the severity of the terms of the Armistice. They thought its terms were considerably more lenient than they actually were, a source of discontent later that", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 3 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17918907", "chunk_text": "\"History of the Ottoman Empire during World War I\"\nintention of recapturing Batum and Kars, overrunning Georgia and occupying north-western Persia and the oil fields. Fighting the Russians in the Caucasus, however, the Ottomans lost ground, and over 100,000 soldiers, in a series of battles. 60,000 Ottoman soldiers died in the winter of 1916—17 on the Mus—Bitlis section of the front. Ottomans preferred to keep the Caucasus militarily silent as they had to regroup reserves to retake Baghdad and Palestine from the British. 1917 and the first half of 1918 was the time for negotiations. On 5 December 1917, the armistice of Erzincan (Erzincan Cease-fire Agreement) signed between the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 4 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11034990", "chunk_text": "\"Dissolution of the Ottoman Empire\"\nwas based on the arrangements nominally made in the Treaty of Berlin (1878) and the Treaty of San Stefano. According to this arrangement the inspectors general, whose powers and duties constituted the key to the question, were to be named for a period of ten years, and their engagement was not to be revocable during that period. The History of the Ottoman Empire during World War I began with the Ottoman's attack on Russia's Black Sea coast on 29 October 1914. The attack prompted Russia and its allies, Britain and France, to declare war on the Ottoman Empire in November", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 5 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19519555", "chunk_text": "\"History of the Ottoman Empire\"\na role in the origins of World War I. The Young Turk government had signed a secret treaty with Germany and established the Ottoman-German Alliance in August 1914, aimed against the common Russian enemy but aligning the Empire with the German side. The Ottoman Empire entered World War I after the \"\"Goeben\"\" and \"\"Breslau\"\" incident, in which it gave safe harbour to two German ships that were fleeing British ships. These ships then—after having officially been transferred to the Ottoman Navy, but effectively still under German control—attacked the Russian port of Sevastopol, thus dragging the Empire into the war on", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 6 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10366130", "chunk_text": "\"Ottoman–German alliance\"\nas he had tried to form an alliance with France. Not all parts of the Ottoman government accepted the Alliance. Austria-Hungary adhered to the Ottoman–German treaty on 5 August. The Ottoman Empire did not enter the war until the Ottoman Navy bombarded Russian ports on the 29 October 1914. Ottoman–German alliance The Ottoman–German Alliance was an alliance between the German Empire and the Ottoman Empire that was ratified on August 2, 1914, shortly following the outbreak of World War I. The alliance was created as part of a joint-cooperative effort that would strengthen and modernize the failing Ottoman military, as", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 7 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16425837", "chunk_text": "\"History of the Ottoman Empire during World War I\"\nRussians and Ottomans in Erzincan that ended the armed conflicts between Russia and Ottoman Empire. On 3 March, the Grand vizier Talat Pasha signed the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk with the Russian SFSR. It stipulated that Bolshevik Russia cede Batum, Kars, and Ardahan. In addition to these provisions, a secret clause was inserted which obligated the Russians to demobilize Armenian national forces. Between 14 March – April 1918 the Trabzon peace conference held among the Ottoman Empire and the delegation of the Transcaucasian Diet. Enver Pasha offered to surrender all ambitions in the Caucasus in return for recognition of the Ottoman", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 8 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10821930", "chunk_text": "\"Ottoman entry into World War I\"\nshore batteries and laid sixty mines. Seven ships in the port damaged and one sunk (3. wing). Two destroyers engaged the Battle of Odessa (1914) at 6:30 am. They sank two gun-boats and damaged granaries. On 29 October, the Allies presented a note to Grand Vizier Said Halim Pasha indicating that they had made an agreement with Egypt, and that any hostility towards Egypt would be treated as a declaration of war. On 29 October, the whole Ottoman fleet returned to Constantinople. Enver wrote a congratulatory letter at 17h 50. The Ottomans refused an Allied demand that they expel German", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 9 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5747869", "chunk_text": "\"World War I\"\nRussia's involvement in the war. This allowed the transfer of large numbers of German troops from the East to the Western Front, resulting in the German March 1918 Offensive. The offensive was initially successful, but the Allied Powers rallied and drove the Germans back in the Hundred Days Offensive. Bulgaria was the first Central Power to sign an armistice—the Armistice of Salonica on 29 September 1918. On 30 October, the Ottoman Empire capitulated, signing the Armistice of Mudros. On 4 November, the Austro-Hungarian empire agreed to the Armistice of Villa Giusti. With its allies defeated, revolution at home, and the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 10 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11034991", "chunk_text": "\"Dissolution of the Ottoman Empire\"\n1914. The Ottoman Empire was active in the Balkans theatre and Middle Eastern theatre – the latter had five main campaigns: the Sinai and Palestine Campaign, the Mesopotamian Campaign, the Caucasus Campaign, the Persian Campaign, and the Gallipoli Campaign. There were also several minor campaigns: the North African Campaign, the Arab Campaign and the South Arabia Campaign. There were several important Ottoman victories in the early years of the war, such as the Battle of Gallipoli and the Siege of Kut. The Armistice of Mudros was signed on 31 October 1918, ending the Ottoman participation in World War I. Just", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 11 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10821909", "chunk_text": "\"Ottoman entry into World War I\"\nin Constantinople. The Turkish government was formally informed of their requisition on 3 August, but the triumvirate leaders had been aware of the decision since at least 29 July because Enver Pasha, knowing Turkey was about to lose them, had offered to sell the ships to Germany in a renewed attempt at obtaining a treaty of alliance. After Enver's 22 July approach to Germany had been rejected, Kaiser Wilhelm II ordered that it be reconsidered. Renewed negotiations started on 28 July, involving Enver, Talaat, and Said Halim Pasha. In the resulting secret defensive treaty, signed on 1 August, Germany undertook", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 12 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10004622", "chunk_text": "\"Ottoman wars in Europe\"\ntheir present borders in Eastern Thrace. World War I (1914–1918) became the ultimate cause of the collapse of the Ottoman Empire, which formally ended in 1922. However, during wartime operations the Empire prevented the British Royal Navy from reaching Constantinople, stopping an Entente invasion in the Battle of Gallipoli (1915–1916). Nevertheless, under the provisions of the Treaty of Lausanne (1923) the Empire ultimately fell. Ottoman wars in Europe The Ottoman wars in Europe were a series of military conflicts between the Ottoman Empire and various European states dating from the Late Middle Ages up through the early 20th century. The", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 13 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2370293", "chunk_text": "\"Abolition of the Ottoman sultanate\"\n11 November 1914. The Middle Eastern theatre of World War I ended with the signing of the Armistice of Mudros on 30 October 1918. The Occupation of Constantinople by British, French and Italian forces occurred on 13 November 1918. The partitioning of the Ottoman Empire began with the Treaty of London (1915) and continued with multiple agreements, mostly unilateral among the Allies. British troops began to occupy the key buildings of the Empire and arrest nationalists after the establishment of military rule on the night of 15 March 1920. On 18 March 1920 the Ottoman parliament met and sent a", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 14 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11034923", "chunk_text": "\"Dissolution of the Ottoman Empire\"\ncaused by the Ottoman counter-coup of 1909, which preceded the 31 March Incident (Restoration, 1909) and 1912 Ottoman coup d'état (\"\"Saviours\"\") and the 1913 Ottoman coup d'état in the Empire up to World War I. The Ottoman entry into World War I in the Middle Eastern theatre ended with the partition of the Ottoman Empire under the terms of the Treaty of Sèvres. This treaty, as designed in the conference of London, gave a nominal land and permitted the title Ottoman Caliphate (compared with Vatican; a sacerdotal-monarchical state ruled by the Catholic Pope), not to be a further threat but", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 15 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9347019", "chunk_text": "\"Territorial evolution of the Ottoman Empire\"\nde jure Ottoman territory at the same time, being elevated to a Sultanate. The Treaty of Sèvres (August 10, 1920) was the peace treaty between the Ottoman Empire and Allies at the end of World War I. The Treaty of Versailles was signed with Germany before this treaty to annul the German concessions including the economic rights and enterprises. Also, France, Great Britain and Italy signed a secret \"\"Tripartite Agreement\"\" at the same date. The Tripartite Agreement confirmed Britain's oil and commercial concessions and turned the former German enterprises in the Ottoman Empire over to a Tripartite corporation. The open", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 16 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10821931", "chunk_text": "\"Ottoman entry into World War I\"\nnaval and military missions. The Ottoman Navy destroyed a Russian gunboat on 29 October 6:30 A.M. at Battle of Odessa. On 31 October 1914, Turkey formally entered the war on the side of the Central Powers. Russia declared war on 1 November 1914. The first conflict with Russia was the Bergmann Offensive of Caucasus Campaign on 2 November 1914. On 3 November, the British ambassador left Constantinople and a British naval squadron off the Dardanelles bombarded the outer defensive forts at Kum Kale on the northern Asian coast and Seddülbahir on the southern tip of the Gallipoli Peninsula. A British", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 17 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3922410", "chunk_text": "\"Partition of the Ottoman Empire\"\nPartition of the Ottoman Empire The partition of the Ottoman Empire (Armistice of Mudros, 30 October 1918 – Abolition of the Ottoman Sultanate, 1 November 1922) was a political event that occurred after World War I and the occupation of Constantinople by British, French and Italian troops in November 1918. The partitioning was planned in several agreements made by the Allied Powers early in the course of World War I, notably the Sykes-Picot Agreement. As world war loomed, the Ottoman Empire sought protection but was rejected by Britain, France, and Russia, and finally formed the Ottoman–German Alliance. The huge conglomeration", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 18 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7501541", "chunk_text": "\"Armistice of Erzincan\"\nArmistice of Erzincan The Armistice of Erzincan (also spelled Erzindzhan or Erzinjan) was an agreement to suspend hostilities during World War I signed by the Ottoman Empire and Transcaucasian Commissariat in Erzincan on 18 December 1917 (5 December O.S.). The armistice brought temporary peace to the Caucasian and Persian Fronts until 12 February, when the fighting was resumed. The status of the Transcaucasian Commissariat was unclear at the time: the Ottomans regarded it as an independent entity, a legal successor of the Russian Empire, while the Commissariat still considered itself a part of the Russian Republic. The Ottoman Empire was", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 19 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10821894", "chunk_text": "\"Ottoman entry into World War I\"\nThis decision would ultimately lead to the deaths of hundreds of thousands of Ottomans, the Armenian Genocide, the dissolution of the empire, and the abolition of the Islamic Caliphate. At the beginning of the 20th century, the Ottoman Empire had a reputation as the \"\"sick man of Europe\"\", after a century of slow relative decline. The empire was weakened by political instability, military defeat, civil strife and uprisings by national minorities. The economic resources of the Ottoman Empire were depleted by the cost of the Balkan Wars of 1912 and 1913. The French, British and Germans had offered financial aid,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 20 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11034992", "chunk_text": "\"Dissolution of the Ottoman Empire\"\nbefore the end of World War I, Sultan Mehmet V died and Mehmed VI became the new Sultan. The Occupation of Constantinople took place in accordance with the Armistice of Mudros, ending the Ottoman participation in World War I. The occupation had two stages: the initial occupation took place from 13 November 1918 to 16 March 1920; from 16 March 1920 – Treaty of Sèvres. 1918 saw the first time Constantinople had changed hands since the Ottoman Turks conquered the Byzantine capital in 1453. An Allied military administration was set up early in December 1918. Hagia Sophia was converted back", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 21 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10821933", "chunk_text": "\"Ottoman entry into World War I\"\nships until the end of the war. On 5 November, before the Ottoman Government responded, the United Kingdom and France also declared war on the Ottomans. The Ottomans declared a Jihad (holy war) later that month, beginning the Caucasus Campaign with an offensive against the Russians, to regain former Ottoman provinces. The Mesopotamian Campaign began with a British landing at Basra. On 11 November 1914 Sultan Mehmed V declared war on Britain, France and Russia. On 13 November 1914 there was a ceremony in which justification of the war was presented to the Sultan Mehrned V. On 14 November came", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 22 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11426899", "chunk_text": "\"Ottoman Empire\"\ndeprived of food and water and subjected to periodic robbery, rape, and systematic massacre. Large-scale massacres were also committed against the Empire's Greek and Assyrian minorities as part of the same campaign of ethnic cleansing. The Arab Revolt began in 1916 and turned the tide against the Ottomans on the Middle Eastern front, where they seemed to have the upper hand during the first two years of the war. The Armistice of Mudros was signed on 30 October 1918, setting the partition of the Ottoman Empire under the terms of the Treaty of Sèvres. This treaty, as designed in the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 23 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15578214", "chunk_text": "\"Dissolution of the Ottoman Empire\"\nin order to facilitate the conquest of Transcaucasia in the event of the opening up of the Caucasus Campaign. Around the same time, a representative meeting of Russian Armenians assembled in Tiflis, Russian Armenia. The Tsar asked Armenian's loyalty and support for Russia in the conflict. The proposal was agreed upon and nearly 20,000 Armenians who responded to the call of forming Armenian volunteer units inside the Russian Caucasus Army), of which only 7,000 were given arms. On 2 November, the first engagement of the Caucasus Campaign began (the Bergmann Offensive), and on 16 December 1914, the Ottoman Empire officially", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 24 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3922441", "chunk_text": "\"Partition of the Ottoman Empire\"\nof the modern Turkish republic. Partition of the Ottoman Empire The partition of the Ottoman Empire (Armistice of Mudros, 30 October 1918 – Abolition of the Ottoman Sultanate, 1 November 1922) was a political event that occurred after World War I and the occupation of Constantinople by British, French and Italian troops in November 1918. The partitioning was planned in several agreements made by the Allied Powers early in the course of World War I, notably the Sykes-Picot Agreement. As world war loomed, the Ottoman Empire sought protection but was rejected by Britain, France, and Russia, and finally formed the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 25 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16425838", "chunk_text": "\"History of the Ottoman Empire during World War I\"\nreacquisition of the east Anatolian provinces at Brest-Litovsk at the end of the negotiations. On 5 April, the head of the Transcaucasian delegation Akaki Chkhenkeli accepted the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk as a basis for more negotiations and wired the governing bodies urging them to accept this position. The mood prevailing in Tiflis was very different. Tiflis acknowledge the existence of a state of war between themselves and the Ottoman Empire. In April 1918, the Ottoman 3rd Army finally went on the offensive in Armenia. Opposition from Armenian forces led to the Battle of Sardarapat, the Battle of Kara Killisse, and", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 26 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17918915", "chunk_text": "\"History of the Ottoman Empire during World War I\"\nking of Arabia and in December was recognized by the British as an independent ruler. There was little the Empire could do to influence the course of events, other than try to prevent news of the uprising spreading, prevent it to demoralize the army or act as a propaganda for anti-Ottoman Arab factions. On 3 October 1918 forces of the Arab Revolt enter Damascus accompanied by British troops, ending 400 years of Ottoman rule. In order to support the other Central Powers, Enver Pasha sent 3 Army Corps or around 100,000 men to fight in Eastern Europe. The Constantinople Agreement", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 27 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10366123", "chunk_text": "\"Ottoman–German alliance\"\nOttoman–German alliance The Ottoman–German Alliance was an alliance between the German Empire and the Ottoman Empire that was ratified on August 2, 1914, shortly following the outbreak of World War I. The alliance was created as part of a joint-cooperative effort that would strengthen and modernize the failing Ottoman military, as well as provide Germany safe passage into neighboring British colonies. On the eve of the First World War, the Ottoman Empire was in ruinous shape. As a result of successive wars fought in this period, territories were lost, the economy was in shambles and people were demoralized and tired.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 28 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18330927", "chunk_text": "\"History of the Ottoman Empire during World War I\"\nto protect Egypt in the Sinai-Palestine-Syria Campaign. These campaigns strained Allied resources and relieved Germany. The repulse of British forces in Palestine in the spring of 1917 was followed by the loss of Jerusalem in December of the same year. The Ottoman authorities deport the entire civilian population of Jaffa and Tel Aviv, The Tel Aviv and Jaffa deportation, pursuant to the order from Ahmed Jamal Pasha on 6 April 1917. The Muslim evacuees allowed to return before long, At the same period the Balfour Declaration was being negotiated (published on 2 November 1917) in which the British Government declares", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 29 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6583523", "chunk_text": "\"History of the Ottoman Empire during World War I\"\n29 October 1914 when it launched the Black Sea Raid against Russian ports. Following the attack, Russia and its allies (Britain and France) declared war on the Ottomans in November 1914. The Ottoman Empire started military action came after three months of formal neutrality, but it had signed a secret alliance with the Central Powers in August 1914. The political reasons for the Ottoman Sultan's entry into the war are disputed. and the Ottoman Empire was an agricultural state in an age of industrialized warfare, Also, the economic resources of the empire were depleted by the cost of the Balkan", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 30 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20741929", "chunk_text": "\"Landing at Anzac Cove\"\nThe anniversary is also commemorated in Turkey and the United Kingdom. The Ottoman Turkish Empire entered the First World War on the side of the Central Powers on 31 October 1914. The stalemate of trench warfare on the Western Front convinced the British Imperial War Cabinet that an attack on the Central Powers elsewhere, particularly Turkey, could be the best way of winning the war. From February 1915 this took the form of naval operations aimed at forcing a passage through the Dardanelles, but after several setbacks it was decided that a land campaign was also necessary. To that end,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 31 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10821934", "chunk_text": "\"Ottoman entry into World War I\"\nthe official declaration of war by the CUP (party of majority at the chamber). The Chamber's declaration (CUP's) could be stated as \"\"declaration of existence of the war\"\". The entire affair was completed in three days. The Ottomans prepared an offensive against Egypt in early 1915, aiming to occupy the Suez Canal and cut the Mediterranean route to India and the Far East. The war began in August 1914 in Europe, and the Ottoman Empire had joined the war on the side of Germany and Austria within three months. Hew Strachan wrote in 2001 that in hindsight, Ottoman belligerence was", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 32 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11817666", "chunk_text": "\"Armistice of Mudros\"\nArmistice of Mudros The Armistice of Mudros (), concluded on 30 October 1918, ended the hostilities, at noon the next day, in the Middle Eastern theatre between the Ottoman Empire and the Allies of World War I. It was signed by the Ottoman Minister of Marine Affairs Rauf Bey and the British Admiral Somerset Arthur Gough-Calthorpe, on board HMS \"\"Agamemnon\"\" in Moudros harbor on the Greek island of Lemnos. As part of several conditions to the armistice, the Ottomans surrendered their remaining garrisons outside Anatolia, as well as granted the Allies the right to occupy forts controlling the Straits of", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 33 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6173707", "chunk_text": "\"101st Grenadiers\"\nin control of much of Palestine, including the symbolic capture of Jerusalem. In July 1918 the \"\"Regiment\"\" took part in the Ghurabeh raid that saw intense fighting and over 100 Ottomans taken prisoner. The Regiment later took part in the Megiddo Offensive – the World War I equivalent of the German Blitzkrieg during World War II – and took part in the attempts to capture Nablus. The Ottomans signed an Armistice with the Allies on 30 October. The First World War finally ended on 11 November 1918 with the signing of the Armistice between the Allies and Germany. Soon after", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 34 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14770589", "chunk_text": "\"Armistice of Mudros\"\ncontrol of the Anatolian Peninsula. Ottoman territory in Syria, Palestine, and Arabia stayed as distributed by the Treaty of Sèvres while the borders of the Turkish nation-state were set by the Treaty of Lausanne in 1923. Armistice of Mudros The Armistice of Mudros (), concluded on 30 October 1918, ended the hostilities, at noon the next day, in the Middle Eastern theatre between the Ottoman Empire and the Allies of World War I. It was signed by the Ottoman Minister of Marine Affairs Rauf Bey and the British Admiral Somerset Arthur Gough-Calthorpe, on board HMS \"\"Agamemnon\"\" in Moudros harbor on", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 35 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4122084", "chunk_text": "\"World War I\"\nThe Arab Revolt, instigated by the Arab bureau of the British Foreign Office, started June 1916 with the Battle of Mecca, led by Sherif Hussein of Mecca, and ended with the Ottoman surrender of Damascus. Fakhri Pasha, the Ottoman commander of Medina, resisted for more than two and half years during the Siege of Medina before surrendering in January 1919. The Senussi tribe, along the border of Italian Libya and British Egypt, incited and armed by the Turks, waged a small-scale guerrilla war against Allied troops. The British were forced to dispatch 12,000 troops to oppose them in the Senussi", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 36 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4938328", "chunk_text": "\"Great Turkish War\"\n(which is near the city). This resulted in the Habsburg forces killing over 30,000 Ottomans and dispersing the rest. This crippling defeat was the ultimate factor of the Ottoman Empire signing the Treaty of Karlowitz on January 22, 1699, ending the Great Turkish War. This treaty resulted in the transfer of most of Ottoman Hungary to the Habsburgs, and prompted the Ottomans to adopt a more defensive military policy in the following century. Great Turkish War The Great Turkish War () or the War of the Holy League () was a series of conflicts between the Ottoman Empire and the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 37 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10821910", "chunk_text": "\"Ottoman entry into World War I\"\nto defend Ottoman territory if it was threatened, and Turkey would join with Germany if German treaty obligations with Austria forced it into war, but would not actually fight on Germany's side unless Bulgaria also did. The German government offered and to the Ottoman Navy as replacements, to gain influence. The British Pursuit of Goeben and Breslau failed when the Ottoman government opened the Dardanelles to allow them passage to Constantinople, despite being required under international law, as a neutral party, to block military shipping. On 2 August 1914 the Ottoman Empire ordered general mobilization, announcing that it would remain", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 38 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10821893", "chunk_text": "\"Ottoman entry into World War I\"\nOttoman entry into World War I The Ottoman Empire's entry into World War I began when two recently purchased ships of its navy, still manned by their German crews and commanded by their German admiral, carried out the Black Sea Raid, a surprise attack against Russian ports, on 29 October 1914. Russia replied by declaring war on 1 November 1914 and Russia's allies, Britain and France, then declared war on the Ottoman Empire on 5 November 1914. The reasons for the Ottoman action were not immediately clear, since the Empire was not formally allied with any of the great powers.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 39 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10821908", "chunk_text": "\"Ottoman entry into World War I\"\nhad advocated siding with the British. But Britain had maintained an isolated position in Europe, and they rejected the CUP. On 28 July 1914 Winston Churchill asked for the requisition of two modern warships being built by British shipyards for the Ottoman navy. These were , which had been completed and was making preparations to leave, and . Despite questions about the legality of such a seizure, the request was granted at a Cabinet meeting on 31 July, together with an offer to Turkey to pay for the ships. On 2 August, the British requisitioned them, thereby alienating pro-British elements", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 40 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12116470", "chunk_text": "\"Great Turkish War\"\nGreat Turkish War The Great Turkish War () or the War of the Holy League () was a series of conflicts between the Ottoman Empire and the Holy League consisting of the Habsburg Empire, Poland-Lithuania, Venice and Russia. Intensive fighting began in 1683 and ended with the signing of the Treaty of Karlowitz in 1699. The war was a defeat for the Ottoman Empire, which for the first time lost large amounts of territory. It lost lands in Hungary and Poland, as well as part of the western Balkans. The war was also significant in that it marked the first", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 41 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5103631", "chunk_text": "\"History of the Ottoman Empire during World War I\"\nthe Allies had betrayed the offered terms. During WWI the Ottoman Empire engaged in a genocide against local ethnicities in its territory. The Armenian Genocide, also known as the Armenian Holocaust, was the Ottoman government's systematic extermination of 1.5 million Christian Armenians, mostly Ottoman citizens within the Ottoman Empire and its successor state, the Republic of Turkey. The starting date is conventionally held to be 24 April 1915, the day that Ottoman authorities rounded up, arrested, and deported 235 to 270 Armenian intellectuals and community leaders from Constantinople to Ankara, the majority of whom were eventually murdered. The genocide was", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 42 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17918926", "chunk_text": "\"History of the Ottoman Empire during World War I\"\nCUP was convinced that empire's contribution was essential. Ottoman armies had tied down large numbers of Allied troops on various fronts, keeping them away from theatres in Europe where they would have been used against German and Austrian forces. Moreover, they claimed that their success at Gallipoli had been an important factor in bringing about the collapse of Russia, resulting in the revolution of April 1917. They had turned the war in favor of Germany and her allies. Hopes were initially high for the Ottomans that their losses in the Middle East might be compensated for by successes in the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 43 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10529789", "chunk_text": "\"Great Turkish War\"\nthe repair and establishment of roads and bridges leading into the Holy Roman Empire and its logistical centres, as well as the forwarding of ammunition, cannon and other resources from all over the Ottoman Empire to these centres and into the Balkans. Since 1679, the plague had been raging in Vienna. The main Ottoman army finally laid siege to Vienna on 14 July, 1683. On the same day, Kara Mustafa sent the traditional demand for surrender to the city. Ernst Rüdiger Graf von Starhemberg, leader of the remaining 15,000 troops and 8,700 volunteers with 370 cannon, refused to capitulate. Only", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 44 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10821916", "chunk_text": "\"Ottoman entry into World War I\"\nRadoslavov on behalf of the Kingdom of Bulgaria. The Ottoman Empire and Bulgaria showed sympathy to one another because they suffered as a result of the territories lost with the conclusion of the Balkan Wars (1912–13). They also held bitter relations with Greece. It was natural and beneficial for them to work for the development of policies that enabled them to gain better positions within the region. The Ottoman–Bulgarian alliance may have been a prerequisite for Bulgaria's joining the Central Powers after Turkey entered the war. On 9 September 1914, the Porte unilaterally abrogated the capitulations granted to foreign powers.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 45 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15578187", "chunk_text": "\"Dissolution of the Ottoman Empire\"\ntrades of two French companies the \"\"Regie Company\"\", and \"\"Narquileh tobacco\"\". Italy declared war, Italo-Turkish War, on the Empire on 29 September 1911, demanding the turnover of Tripoli and Cyrenaica. The empire's response was weak so Italian forces took those areas on 5 November of that year (this act was confirmed by an act of the Italian Parliament on 25 February 1912). Although minor, the war was an important precursor of World War I as it sparked nationalism in the Balkan states. Ottomans were losing their last directly ruled African territory. The Italians also sent weapons to Montenegro, encouraged Albanian", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 46 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15578236", "chunk_text": "\"Dissolution of the Ottoman Empire\"\ninto the world economy, certain of its regions (the Balkans, Egypt, Iraq, and Hijaz) established closer economic links with Paris and London, even with British India, than with Istanbul. The partitioning of the Ottoman Empire began with the Treaty of London (1915) and continued with mostly bilateral multiple agreements among the Allies. The initial peace agreement with the Ottoman Empire was the Armistice of Mudros. This was followed by the Occupation of Constantinople. The partitioning of the Ottoman Empire brought international conflicts which were discussed during the Paris Peace Conference, 1919. The peace agreement, the Treaty of Sèvres, was eventually", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 47 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4530624", "chunk_text": "\"Battle of Sarikamish\"\nBattle of Sarikamish The Battle of Sarikamish ( (\"\"Sarighamishi chakatamart\"\"), ; ) was an engagement between the Russian and Ottoman empires during World War I. It took place from December 22, 1914, to January 17, 1915, as part of the Caucasus Campaign. The outcome of the battle resulted in a Russian victory. The Ottomans employed a strategy which demanded that their troops be highly mobile and to arrive at specified objectives at precise times. This approach was based both on German and Napoleonic tactics. The Ottoman troops, ill-prepared for winter conditions, suffered major casualties in the Allahuekber Mountains. Afterward, Ottoman", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 48 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9475217", "chunk_text": "\"Germany–Turkey relations\"\nto build a railway system toward Baghdad alarmed the British, for it threatened British control over the links to India. However these issues were peacefully resolved in February 1914, and did not play a role in the July 1914 crisis that ended in the Great War. The Ottoman–German Alliance was an alliance between the German Empire and the Ottoman Empire made on August 2, 1914, shortly following the outbreak of World War I. The alliance was created as part of a joint-cooperative effort that would strengthen and modernize the failing Ottoman military, as well as provide Germany safe passage into", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 49 } ]
test_3538	what is the transfer speed for sata 1?	n/a	[ "1.5 Gbit/s" ]	[]	n/a	n/a	n/a	[]	[ { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3617718", "chunk_text": "\"Serial ATA\"\n3.0 Gbit/s that, when accounted for the 8b/10b encoding scheme, equals to the maximum uncoded transfer rate of 2.4 Gbit/s (300 MB/s). The theoretical burst throughput of the SATA revision 2.0, which is also known as the SATA 3 Gbit/s, doubles the throughput of SATA revision 1.0. All SATA data cables meeting the SATA spec are rated for 3.0 Gbit/s and handle modern mechanical drives without any loss of sustained and burst data transfer performance. However, high-performance flash-based drives can exceed the SATA 3 Gbit/s transfer rate; this is addressed with the SATA 6 Gbit/s interoperability standard. Announced in August", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 0 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3617717", "chunk_text": "\"Serial ATA\"\nlack support for some SATA-specific features such as NCQ. Native SATA products quickly took over the bridged products with the introduction of the second generation of SATA drives. , the fastest 10,000 rpm SATA hard disk drives could transfer data at maximum (not average) rates of up to 157 MB/s, which is beyond the capabilities of the older PATA/133 specification and also exceeds the capabilities of SATA 1.5 Gbit/s. SATA revision 2.0 was released in April 2004, introducing Native Command Queuing (NCQ). It is backward compatible with SATA 1.5 Gbit/s. Second-generation SATA interfaces run with a native transfer rate of", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 1 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3617716", "chunk_text": "\"Serial ATA\"\ninto account, they have an actual uncoded transfer rate of 1.2 Gbit/s (150 MB/s). The theoretical burst throughput of SATA 1.5 Gbit/s is similar to that of PATA/133, but newer SATA devices offer enhancements such as NCQ, which improve performance in a multitasking environment. During the initial period after SATA 1.5 Gbit/s finalization, adapter and drive manufacturers used a \"\"bridge chip\"\" to convert existing PATA designs for use with the SATA interface. Bridged drives have a SATA connector, may include either or both kinds of power connectors, and, in general, perform identically to their native-SATA equivalents. However, most bridged drives", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 2 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16217968", "chunk_text": "\"SATA Express\"\nin 2003), through 3 Gbit/s in SATA 2.0 (standardized in 2004), to 6 Gbit/s as provided by SATA 3.0 (standardized in 2009). SATA has also gradually been selected as the interface for more adopted solid-state drives (SSDs), but the need for a faster interface became apparent as the speed of SSDs and hybrid drives increased over time. As an example, some SSDs available in early 2009 were already well over the capabilities of SATA 1.0 and close to the SATA 2.0 maximum transfer speed, while in the second half of 2013 high-end consumer SSDs had already reached the SATA 3.0", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 3 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3617719", "chunk_text": "\"Serial ATA\"\n2005, SATA revision 2.5 consolidated the specification to a single document. Announced in February 2007, SATA revision 2.6 introduced the following features: Serial ATA International Organization (SATA-IO) presented the draft specification of SATA 6 Gbit/s physical layer in July 2008, and ratified its physical layer specification on August 18, 2008. The full 3.0 standard was released on May 27, 2009. Third-generation SATA interfaces run with a native transfer rate of 6.0 Gbit/s; taking 8b/10b encoding into account, the maximum uncoded transfer rate is 4.8 Gbit/s (600 MB/s). The theoretical burst throughput of SATA 6.0 Gbit/s is double that of SATA", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 4 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3617715", "chunk_text": "\"Serial ATA\"\nOpenSolaris, include support for AHCI, but older operating systems such as Windows XP do not. Even in those instances, a proprietary driver may have been created for a specific chipset, such as Intel's. SATA revisions are often designated with a dash followed by roman numerals, e.g. \"\"SATA-III\"\", to avoid confusion with the speed, which is always displayed in Arabic numerals, e.g. \"\"SATA 6 Gbit/s\"\". Revision 1.0a was released on January 7, 2003. First-generation SATA interfaces, now known as SATA 1.5 Gbit/s, communicate at a rate of 1.5 Gbit/s, and do not support Native Command Queuing (NCQ). Taking 8b/10b encoding overhead", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 5 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6748412", "chunk_text": "\"Serial ATA\"\n\"\"SATA III\"\" is avoided by the SATA-IO organization to prevent confusion with SATA II 3.0 Gbit/s, which was colloquially referred to as \"\"SATA 3G\"\" [bit/s] or \"\"SATA 300\"\" [MB/s] since the 1.5 Gbit/s SATA I and 1.5 Gbit/s SATA II were referred to as both \"\"SATA 1.5G\"\" [bit/s] or \"\"SATA 150\"\" [MB/s]). Therefore, eSATA connections operate with negligible differences between them. Once an interface can transfer data as fast as a drive can handle them, increasing the interface speed does not improve data transfer. There are some disadvantages, however, to the eSATA interface: As of mid 2017 few new computers", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 6 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4629303", "chunk_text": "\"Parallel ATA\"\nper second. ATA-4 drives are thus sometimes called \"\"UDMA-33\"\" drives, and sometimes \"\"ATA-33\"\" drives. Similarly, ATA-6 introduced a maximum transfer speed of 100 megabytes per second, and some drives complying to this version of the standard are marketed as \"\"PATA/100\"\" drives. Initially, the size of an ATA drive was stored in the system x86 BIOS using a type number (1 through 45) that predefined the C/H/S parameters and also often the landing zone, in which the drive heads are parked while not in use. Later, a \"\"user definable\"\" format called C/H/S or cylinders, heads, sectors was made available. These numbers", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 7 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1303250", "chunk_text": "\"SATA Express\"\nInterface (AHCI) at the logical interface level, SATA Express also supports NVM Express (NVMe) as the logical device interface for attached PCI Express storage devices. While the support for AHCI ensures software-level backward compatibility with legacy SATA devices and legacy operating systems, NVM Express is designed to fully utilize high-speed PCI Express storage devices by leveraging their capability of executing many I/O operations in parallel. The Serial ATA (SATA) interface was designed primarily for interfacing with hard disk drives (HDDs), doubling its native speed with each major revision: maximum SATA transfer speeds went from 1.5 Gbit/s in SATA 1.0 (standardized", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 8 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6131990", "chunk_text": "\"Parallel ATA\"\nrate on the bus is a distant third in importance. Therefore, transfer speed limits above 66 MB/s really affect performance only when the hard drive can satisfy all I/O requests by reading from its internal cache—a very unusual situation, especially considering that such data is usually already buffered by the operating system. , mechanical hard disk drives can transfer data at up to 157 MB/s, which is beyond the capabilities of the PATA/133 specification. High-performance solid state drives can transfer data at up to 308 MB/s. Only the Ultra DMA modes use CRC to detect errors in data transfer between", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 9 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11938079", "chunk_text": "\"Hard disk drive\"\nis 3.0 Gbit/s SATA, which can send about 300 megabyte/s (10-bit encoding) from the buffer to the computer, and thus is still comfortably ahead of today's disk-to-buffer transfer rates. Data transfer rate (read/write) can be measured by writing a large file to disk using special file generator tools, then reading back the file. Transfer rate can be influenced by file system fragmentation and the layout of the files. HDD data transfer rate depends upon the rotational speed of the platters and the data recording density. Because heat and vibration limit rotational speed, advancing density becomes the main method to improve", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 10 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6748428", "chunk_text": "\"Serial ATA\"\nsupport for \"\"Serial ATA Tunneling Protocol\"\"). SATA 3 Gbit/s theoretically offers a maximum bandwidth of 300 MB/s per device, which is only slightly lower than the rated speed for SCSI Ultra 320 with a maximum of 320 MB/s total for all devices on a bus. SCSI drives provide greater sustained throughput than multiple SATA drives connected via a simple (i.e., command-based) port multiplier because of disconnect-reconnect and aggregating performance. In general, SATA devices link compatibly to SAS enclosures and adapters, whereas SCSI devices cannot be directly connected to a SATA bus. SCSI, SAS, and fibre-channel (FC) drives are more expensive", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 11 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1903094", "chunk_text": "\"Serial ATA\"\nrun at 3 Gbit/s, even though the PCI bus cannot reach 1.5 Gbit/s speeds. This can cause data corruption in operating systems that do not specifically test for this condition and limit the disk transfer speed. SATA 3 Gbit/s and SATA 6 Gbit/s are compatible with each other. Most devices that are only SATA 3 Gbit/s can connect with devices that are SATA 6 Gbit/s, and vice versa, though SATA 3 Gbit/s devices only connect with SATA 6 Gbit/s devices at the slower 3 Gbit/s speed. SATA 1.5 Gbit/s and SATA 6 Gbit/s are compatible with each other. Most devices", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 12 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17227021", "chunk_text": "\"Hard disk drive performance characteristics\"\nor equal to the maximum or burst rate because it does not have the benefit of any cache or buffer memory in the drive. The internal rate is further determined by the media rate, sector overhead time, head switch time, and cylinder switch time. These are not applicable to SSDs. Data transfer rate (read/write) can be measured by writing a large file to disk using special file generator tools, then reading back the file. A current widely used standard for the \"\"buffer-to-computer\"\" interface is 3.0 Gbit/s SATA, which can send about 300 megabyte/s (10-bit encoding) from the buffer to the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 13 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6748411", "chunk_text": "\"Serial ATA\"\n1394b specification reaches around 400 MB/s (3.2 Gbit/s), and USB 3.0 has a nominal speed of 5 Gbit/s. Some low-level drive features, such as S.M.A.R.T., may not operate through some USB or FireWire or USB+FireWire bridges; eSATA does not suffer from these issues provided that the controller manufacturer (and its drivers) presents eSATA drives as ATA devices, rather than as SCSI devices, as has been common with Silicon Image, JMicron, and NVIDIA nForce drivers for Windows Vista. In those cases SATA drives do not have low-level features accessible. The eSATA version of SATA 6G operates at 6.0 Gbit/s (the term", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 14 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6748410", "chunk_text": "\"Serial ATA\"\nare: Aimed at the consumer market, eSATA enters an external storage market served also by the USB and FireWire interfaces. The SATA interface has certain advantages. Most external hard-disk-drive cases with FireWire or USB interfaces use either PATA or SATA drives and \"\"bridges\"\" to translate between the drives' interfaces and the enclosures' external ports; this bridging incurs some inefficiency. Some single disks can transfer 157 MB/s during real use, about four times the maximum transfer rate of USB 2.0 or FireWire 400 (IEEE 1394a) and almost twice as fast as the maximum transfer rate of FireWire 800. The S3200 FireWire", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 15 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1903063", "chunk_text": "\"Serial ATA\"\nrevision 2.0. It is backward compatible with SATA 3 Gbit/s. The SATA 3.0 specification contains the following changes: In general, the enhancements are aimed at improving quality of service for video streaming and high-priority interrupts. In addition, the standard continues to support distances up to one meter. The newer speeds may require higher power consumption for supporting chips, though improved process technologies and power management techniques may mitigate this. The later specification can use existing SATA cables and connectors, though it was reported in 2008 that some OEMs were expected to upgrade host connectors for the higher speeds. Released in", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 16 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9282555", "chunk_text": "HyperTransport\nthere are two unidirectional links per HyperTransport bus. With the advent of version 3.1, using full 32-bit links and utilizing the full HyperTransport 3.1 specification's operating frequency, the theoretical transfer rate is 25.6 GB/s (3.2 GHz × 2 transfers per clock cycle × 32 bits per link) per direction, or 51.2 GB/s aggregated throughput, making it faster than most existing bus standard for PC workstations and servers as well as making it faster than most bus standards for high-performance computing and networking. Links of various widths can be mixed together in a single system configuration as in one 16-bit link", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 17 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16217966", "chunk_text": "\"SATA Express\"\nExpress bus for achieving data transfer speeds greater than the SATA 3.0 speed limit of 6 Gbit/s. Designers of the SATA interface concluded that doubling the native SATA speed would take too much time to catch up with the advancements in solid-state drive (SSD) technology, would require too many changes to the SATA standard, and would result in a much greater power consumption compared with the existing PCI Express bus. As a widely adopted computer bus, PCI Express provides sufficient bandwidth while allowing easy scaling up by using faster or additional lanes. In addition to supporting legacy Advanced Host Controller", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 18 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1903080", "chunk_text": "\"Serial ATA\"\nThe host connector is backward compatible with the standard 3.5-inch SATA data connector, allowing up to two legacy SATA devices to connect. At the same time, the host connector provides up to two PCI Express 3.0 lanes as a pure PCI Express connection to the storage device, allowing bandwidths of up to 2 GB/s. Instead of the otherwise usual approach of doubling the native speed of the SATA interface, PCI Express was selected for achieving data transfer speeds greater than 6 Gbit/s. It was concluded that doubling the native SATA speed would take too much time, too many changes would", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 19 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6748427", "chunk_text": "\"Serial ATA\"\nthat are only SATA 1.5 Gbit/s can connect with devices that are SATA 6 Gbit/s, and vice versa, though SATA 1.5 Gbit/s devices only connect with SATA 6 Gbit/s devices at the slower 1.5 Gbit/s speed. Parallel SCSI uses a more complex bus than SATA, usually resulting in higher manufacturing costs. SCSI buses also allow connection of several drives on one shared channel, whereas SATA allows one drive per channel, unless using a port multiplier. Serial Attached SCSI uses the same physical interconnects as SATA, and most SAS HBAs also support 3 and 6 Gbit/s SATA devices (an HBA requires", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 20 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19053196", "chunk_text": "ESATAp\nthat support both eSATA and USB use combo bridge chips which can severely reduce the throughput, and USB throughput is that of the USB version supported by the port (typically USB 3.0 or 2.0). eSATAp ports (bracket versions) can run at a theoretical maximum of 6 gigabits per second (Gbit/s) and are backwards compatible with devices such as eSATA 3 Gbit/s (SATA Revision 2) and also at 1.5 Gbit/s (SATA Revision 1). The USB port is fully compatible with USB 5 Gbit/s (USB 3.0), USB 480 Mbit/s (USB 2.0) and USB 12 Mbit/s (1.1); USB 3.0 devices are compatible, but", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 21 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14328726", "chunk_text": "USB\ntransceivers. By contrast, the MIDI plug standard and Ethernet have built-in isolation to or more. The eSATA connector is a more robust SATA connector, intended for connection to external hard drives and SSDs. eSATA's transfer rate (up to 6 Gbit/s) is similar to that of USB 3.0 (up to 5 Gbit/s on current devices; 10 Gbit/s speeds via USB 3.1, announced on 31 July 2013). A device connected by eSATA appears as an ordinary SATA device, giving both full performance and full compatibility associated with internal drives. eSATA does not supply power to external devices. This is an increasing disadvantage", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 22 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4132577", "chunk_text": "\"Western Digital Raptor\"\ncables, as the SATA data connector does not have the required rails. Therefore, only normal cables can be plugged into these connectors. WD360GD Raptors with the Marvell 88i8030-TBC PATA to SATA bridge chip, such as WD360GD-00FNA0 (December 2003) and earlier, are limited to UDMA 5 transfers. In Linux, \"\"applying bridge limits\"\" is displayed and then it allows transfers up to UDMA/100. In Microsoft Windows, they are reported as UDMA 6, but give a burst rate of 104 MB/s, while WD360GD with the 88i8030-TBC1 chip are reported as UDMA 6 and give a burst rate of 122 MB/s, close their theoretical", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 23 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9055998", "chunk_text": "STM-1\n2430 bytes). Each byte corresponds to a 64kbit/s channel. TOH: Transport Overhead ( + + ) VC4: Virtual Container-4 payload ( + ) The STM-1 base frame is structured with the following characteristics: The Regenerator Section OverHead uses the first three rows & nine columns in the STM-1 frame X = Bytes reserved for national use. The Multiplex Section OverHead uses the 5th through 9th rows, and first 9 columns in the STM-1 frame. STM-1 The STM-1 (Synchronous Transport Module level-1) is the SDH ITU-T fiber optic network transmission standard. It has a bit rate of 155.52 Mbit/s. Higher levels", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 24 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9113314", "chunk_text": "CompactFlash\nis limited to 35 MB/s and lacks bus mastering hardware, USB 2.0 implementation results in slower access. Modern UDMA-7 CompactFlash Cards provide data rates up to 145 MB/s and require USB 3.0 data transfer rates. A direct motherboard connection is often limited to 33 MB/s because IDE to CF adapters lack high speed ATA (66 MB/s plus) cable support. Power on from sleep/off takes longer than power up from standby. Many hard drives (often referred to by the trademarked name \"\"Microdrive\"\") typically spin at 3600 RPM, so rotational latency is a consideration, as is spin-up from standby or idle. Seagate's", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 25 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16217975", "chunk_text": "\"SATA Express\"\nresult, Ryzen provides bandwidths of up to 7.88 GB/s for connected PCI Express storage devices. SATA Express interface supports both PCI Express and SATA storage devices by exposing two PCI Express 2.0 or 3.0 lanes and two SATA 3.0 (6 Gbit/s) ports through the same host-side SATA Express connector. Exposed PCI Express lanes provide a pure PCI Express connection between the host and storage device, with no additional layers of bus abstraction. The SATA revision 3.2 specification, in its gold revision , standardizes the SATA Express and specifies its hardware layout and electrical parameters. The choice of PCI Express also", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 26 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20056326", "chunk_text": "\"Seagate Barracuda\"\nheat dissipation and claimed reliability improvements. Available in capacities between 2 TB and 3 TB(XT) with 64MB cache, 1 TB and 2 TB(LP) with 16 MB or 32MB cache, 1 TB, 1.5 TB and 2 TB(Green) with 16MB to 64MB cache depending on model. This is the first Barracuda series to support SATA III and its buffer size is 64 MB. Rotation speed is 7,200 RPM for XT, and 5,900 RPM for LP and Green. XT is Intended for high-performance gaming computers and workstations with sustained data transfer rate of 149 MB/s. LP is designated for mass storage applications favoring", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 27 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13888471", "chunk_text": "\"Transfer (computing)\"\ndata. 1 MT/s is 10 or one million transfers per second; similarly, 1 GT/s means 10, or equivalently in the US/short scale, one billion transfers per second. The choice of the symbol \"\"T\"\" for \"\"transfer\"\" conflicts with the International System of Units, in which \"\"T\"\" stands for the tesla unit of magnetic flux density. \"\"Megatesla per second\"\" would be a reasonable unit to describe the rate of a rapidly changing magnetic field, such as in a pulsed field magnet or kicker magnet, although the equivalent units of \"\"tesla per microsecond\"\" (T/μs) would reflect typical engineering values better. These terms alone", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 28 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11938078", "chunk_text": "\"Hard disk drive\"\ndata. The time to access data has not kept up with throughput increases, which themselves have not kept up with growth in bit density and storage capacity. , a typical 7,200-rpm desktop HDD has a sustained \"\"disk-to-buffer\"\" data transfer rate up to 1,030 Mbit/s. This rate depends on the track location; the rate is higher for data on the outer tracks (where there are more data sectors per rotation) and lower toward the inner tracks (where there are fewer data sectors per rotation); and is generally somewhat higher for 10,000-rpm drives. A current widely used standard for the \"\"buffer-to-computer\"\" interface", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 29 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9055997", "chunk_text": "STM-1\nSTM-1 The STM-1 (Synchronous Transport Module level-1) is the SDH ITU-T fiber optic network transmission standard. It has a bit rate of 155.52 Mbit/s. Higher levels go up by a factor of 4 at a time: the other currently supported levels are STM-4, STM-16, STM-64 and STM-256. Beyond this we have wavelength-division multiplexing (WDM) commonly used in submarine cabling. The STM-1 frame is on the basic transmission format for SDH (Synchronous Digital Hierarchy). A STM-1 frame has a byte-oriented structure with 9 rows and 270 columns of bytes, for a total of 2,430 bytes (9 rows * 270 columns =", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 30 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6131955", "chunk_text": "\"Parallel ATA\"\nATA, or PATA). In addition, there have been several generations of \"\"EIDE\"\" drives marketed, compliant with various versions of the ATA specification. An early \"\"EIDE\"\" drive might be compatible with ATA-2, while a later one with ATA-6. Nevertheless, a request for an \"\"IDE\"\" or \"\"EIDE\"\" drive from a computer parts vendor will almost always yield a drive that will work with most Parallel ATA interfaces. Another common usage is to refer to the specification version by the fastest mode supported. For example, ATA-4 supported Ultra DMA modes 0 through 2, the latter providing a maximum transfer rate of 33 megabytes", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 31 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4629342", "chunk_text": "\"Parallel ATA\"\nlimit the maximum burst transfer rate. For example, the maximum data transfer rate for conventional PCI bus is 133 MB/s, and this is shared among all active devices on the bus. In addition, no ATA hard drives existed in 2005 that were capable of measured sustained transfer rates of above 80 MB/s. Furthermore, sustained transfer rate tests do not give realistic throughput expectations for most workloads: They use I/O loads specifically designed to encounter almost no delays from seek time or rotational latency. Hard drive performance under most workloads is limited first and second by those two factors; the transfer", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 32 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11364008", "chunk_text": "Clariion\nthe AX150 it is available in iSCSI or Fibre Channel configurations. Opposed to the AX150 the AX4 supports Fibre Channel transfer speeds of up to 4 Gbit/s. The CX series supports both SATA and Fibre Channel disks. Supported RAID levels are 1/0, 0, 1, 3, 5, and 6; the disks can be configured into groups with different RAID levels. Models of the CX series come in two configurations: Fibre Channel (transfer speeds max. 2 Gbit/s) and iSCSI (max. 1 Gbit/s). The exception is the CX700, which is FC only. The names of the iSCSI models end with an \"\"i\"\", \"\"e.g.\"\"", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 33 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16217969", "chunk_text": "\"SATA Express\"\nspeed limit, requiring an even faster interface. While evaluating different approaches to the required speed increase, designers of the SATA interface concluded that extending the SATA interface so it doubles its native speed to 12 Gbit/s would require more than two years, making that approach unsuitable for catching up with advancements in SSD technology. At the same time, increasing the native SATA speed to 12 Gbit/s would require too many changes to the SATA standard, ending up in a more costly and less power efficient solution compared with the already available and widely adopted PCI Express bus. Thus, PCI Express", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 34 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13856309", "chunk_text": "\"Serial Attached SCSI\"\nat the 3 Gbit/s rate with 8b/10b encoding, SAS-2.0 development of a 6 Gbit/s physical rate led the development of an equivalent SATA speed. In 2013, 12 Gbit/s followed in the SAS-3 specification. SAS-4 is slated to introduce 22.5 Gbit/s signaling with a more efficient 128b/150b encoding scheme to realize a usable data rate of 2,400 MB/s while retaining compatibility with 6 and 12 Gbit/s. Additionally, SCSI Express takes advantage of the PCI Express infrastructure to directly connect SCSI devices over a more universal interface. SAS architecture consists of six layers: An initiator may connect directly to a target via", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 35 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17441540", "chunk_text": "\"DDR3 SDRAM\"\ntransfer rates (400–1066 MT/s using a 200–533 MHz I/O clock) and four times the rate of DDR (200–400 MT/s using a 100–200 MHz I/O clock). High-performance graphics was an initial driver of such bandwidth requirements, where high bandwidth data transfer between framebuffers is required. Because the hertz is a measure of \"\"cycles\"\" per second, and no signal cycles more often than every other transfer, describing the transfer rate in units of MHz is technically incorrect, although very common. It is also misleading because various memory timings are given in units of clock cycles, which are half the speed of data", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 36 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4233599", "chunk_text": "\"SATA Express\"\nSATA Express SATA Express (abbreviated from Serial ATA Express and sometimes unofficially shortened to SATAe) is a computer bus interface that supports both Serial ATA (SATA) and PCI Express (PCIe) storage devices, initially standardized in the SATA 3.2 specification. The SATA Express connector used on the host side is backward compatible with the standard 3.5-inch SATA data connector, while it also provides two PCI Express lanes as a pure PCI Express connection to the storage device. Instead of continuing with the SATA interface's usual approach of doubling its native speed with each major version, SATA 3.2 specification included the PCI", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 37 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16217976", "chunk_text": "\"SATA Express\"\nenables scaling up the performance of SATA Express interface by using multiple lanes and different versions of PCI Express. In more detail, using two PCI Express 2.0 lanes provides a total bandwidth of 1 GB/s (2 × 5 GT/s raw data rate and 8b/10b encoding, equating to effective 1000 MB/s), while using two PCI Express 3.0 lanes provides close to 2 GB/s (2 × 8 GT/s raw data rate and 128b/130b encoding, equating to effective 1969 MB/s). In comparison, the 6 Gbit/s raw bandwidth of SATA 3.0 equates effectively to 0.6 GB/s due to the overhead introduced by 8b/10b encoding.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 38 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8254951", "chunk_text": "\"Asynchronous transfer mode\"\nto produce silence or guess — and if the data is late, it is useless, because the time period when it should have been converted to a signal has already passed. At the time of the design of ATM, 155 Mbit/s synchronous digital hierarchy (SDH) with 135 Mbit/s payload was considered a fast optical network link, and many plesiochronous digital hierarchy (PDH) links in the digital network were considerably slower, ranging from 1.544 to 45 Mbit/s in the USA, and 2 to 34 Mbit/s in Europe. At 155 Mbit/s, a typical full-length 1,500 byte (12,000-bit) data packet, sufficient to contain", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 39 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13228558", "chunk_text": "\"Optical disc drive\"\nlonger constant, and the spindle motor needed to be designed to vary its speed from between 200 RPM on the outer rim and 500 RPM on the inner. Later CD drives kept the CLV paradigm, but evolved to achieve higher rotational speeds, popularly described in multiples of a base speed. As a result, a 4× drive, for instance, would rotate at 800-2000 RPM, while transferring data steadily at 600 KiB/s, which is equal to 4 × 150 KiB/s. For DVDs, base or 1× speed is 1.385 MB/s, equal to 1.32 MiB/s, approximately nine times faster than the CD base speed.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 40 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17990526", "chunk_text": "\"WDMA (computer)\"\nWDMA (computer) The Word DMA (WDMA) interface was the fastest method used to transfer data between the computer (through the ATA controller) and an ATA device until UDMA. Single/Multiword DMA took over from PIO as the choice of interface between ATA devices and the computer. The WDMA interface is grouped into different modes. The explanation for the difference between single and multiword DMA can be found in how the Intel 8237 DMA chip works. In single transfer mode, only one word (16-bit) will be transferred between the device and the computer before returning control to the CPU, and later it", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 41 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3617709", "chunk_text": "\"Serial ATA\"\ninstead of 40 or 80), native hot swapping, faster data transfer through higher signaling rates, and more efficient transfer through an (optional) I/O queuing protocol. Serial ATA industry compatibility specifications originate from the Serial ATA International Organization (SATA-IO). The SATA-IO group collaboratively creates, reviews, ratifies, and publishes the interoperability specifications, the test cases and plugfests. As with many other industry compatibility standards, the SATA content ownership is transferred to other industry bodies: primarily the INCITS T13 subcommittee AT Attachment, the INCITS T10 subcommittee (SCSI), a subgroup of T10 responsible for Serial Attached SCSI (SAS). The remainder of this article strives", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 42 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20605075", "chunk_text": "\"DDR3 SDRAM\"\nThe primary benefit of DDR3 SDRAM over its immediate predecessor, DDR2 SDRAM, is its ability to transfer data at twice the rate (eight times the speed of its internal memory arrays), enabling higher bandwidth or peak data rates. With two transfers per cycle of a quadrupled clock signal, a 64-bit wide DDR3 module may achieve a transfer rate (in megabytes per second, MB/s) of up to 64 times the memory clock speed (in MHz). With data being transferred 64 bits at a time per memory module, DDR3 SDRAM gives a transfer rate of (memory clock rate) × 4 (for bus", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 43 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16217979", "chunk_text": "\"SATA Express\"\ndifferent usage of available pins. The table below summarizes the compatibility of involved connectors. Device-level backward compatibility for SATA Express is ensured by fully supporting legacy SATA 3.0 (6 Gbit/s) storage devices, both on the electrical level and through the required operating system support. Mechanically, connectors on the host side retain their backward compatibility in a way similar to how USB 3.0 does it the new host-side SATA Express connector is made by \"\"stacking\"\" an additional connector on top of two legacy 3.5-inch SATA data connectors, which are regular SATA 3.0 (6 Gbit/s) ports that can accept legacy SATA devices.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 44 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11608026", "chunk_text": "\"Data-rate units\"\nor Gb/s, often abbreviated \"\"Gbps\"\") is a unit of data transfer rate equal to: terabit per second (symbol Tbit/s or Tb/s, sometimes abbreviated \"\"Tbps\"\") is a unit of data transfer rate equal to: These units are often not used in the suggested ways; see above section titled \"\"variations\"\". kilobyte per second (kB/s) is a unit of data transfer rate equal to: megabyte per second (MB/s) is a unit of data transfer rate equal to: gigabyte per second (GB/s) is a unit of data transfer rate equal to: terabyte per second (TB/s) is a unit of data transfer rate equal to:", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 45 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16327760", "chunk_text": "\"DBC 1012\"\ndistributed by hashing on the primary database index. The DBC/1012 used a 474 megabyte Winchester disk drive with an average seek time of 18 milliseconds. The disk drive was capable of transferring data at 1.9 MB/s although in practice the sustainable data rate was lower because the IO pattern tended towards random access and transfer lengths of 8 to 12 kilobytes. The processor cabinet was 60 inches high and 27 inches wide, weighed 450 pounds, and held up to 8 microprocessor units. The storage cabinet was 60 inches high and 27 inches wide, weighed 625 pounds, and held up to", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 46 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4629341", "chunk_text": "\"Parallel ATA\"\nbe hot-pluggable. The following table shows the names of the versions of the ATA standards and the transfer modes and rates supported by each. Note that the transfer rate for each mode (for example, 66.7 MB/s for UDMA4, commonly called \"\"Ultra-DMA 66\"\", defined by ATA-5) gives its maximum theoretical transfer rate on the cable. This is simply two bytes multiplied by the effective clock rate, and presumes that every clock cycle is used to transfer end-user data. In practice, of course, protocol overhead reduces this value. Congestion on the host bus to which the ATA adapter is attached may also", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 47 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4629313", "chunk_text": "\"Parallel ATA\"\nenable the 66 megabytes per second (MB/s) transfer rate of \"\"UDMA4\"\" to work reliably. The faster \"\"UDMA5\"\" and \"\"UDMA6\"\" modes also require 80-conductor cables. Though the number of wires doubled, the number of connector pins and the pinout remain the same as 40-conductor cables, and the external appearance of the connectors is identical. Internally, the connectors are different; the connectors for the 80-wire cable connect a larger number of ground wires to the ground pins, while the connectors for the 40-wire cable connect ground wires to ground pins one-for-one. 80-wire cables usually come with three differently colored connectors (blue, black,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 48 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3140804", "chunk_text": "\"Transfer (computing)\"\nclock of the system. One example is a computer bus running at double data rate where data is transferred on both the rising and falling edge of the clock signal. If its internal clock runs at 100 MHz, then the effective rate is 200 MT/s, because there are 100 million rising edges per second and 100 million falling edges per second of a clock signal running at 100 MHz. SCSI (Small Computer Systems Interface) falls in the megatransfer range of data transfer rate, while newer bus architectures like the front side bus, Quick Path Interconnect, PCI Express and HyperTransport operate", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 49 } ]
test_3539	where do the blood vessels that supply the retinal cells lie?	n/a	[ "optic nerve", "The optic nerve" ]	[]	n/a	n/a	n/a	[]	[ { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6919792", "chunk_text": "Retina\ntwo of synapses, including the unique ribbon synapse. The optic nerve carries the ganglion cell axons to the brain, and the blood vessels that supply the retina. The ganglion cells lie innermost in the eye while the photoreceptive cells lie beyond. Because of this counter-intuitive arrangement, light must first pass through and around the ganglion cells and through the thickness of the retina, (including its capillary vessels, not shown) before reaching the rods and cones. Light is absorbed by the retinal pigment epithelium or the choroid (both of which are opaque). The white blood cells in the capillaries in front", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 0 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6801772", "chunk_text": "\"Central retinal artery\"\nCentral retinal artery The central retinal artery (retinal artery) branches off the ophthalmic artery, running inferior to the optic nerve within its dural sheath to the eyeball. It pierces the eyeball close to the optic nerve, sending branches over the internal surface of the retina, and these terminal branches are the only blood supply to the larger part of it. The central part of the retina where the light rays are focussed after passing through the pupil and the lens is a circular area called the macula. The center of this circular area is the fovea. The fovea and a", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 1 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10039773", "chunk_text": "\"Blood–retinal barrier\"\nBlood–retinal barrier The blood–retinal barrier, or the BRB, is part of the blood–ocular barrier that consists of cells that are joined tightly together to prevent certain substances from entering the tissue of the retina. It consists of non-fenestrated capillaries of the retinal circulation and tight-junctions between retinal epithelial cells preventing passage of large molecules from choriocapillaris into the retina. The blood retinal barrier has two components: the retinal vascular endothelium and the retinal pigment epithelium. Retinal blood vessels that are similar to cerebral blood vessels maintain the inner blood-ocular barrier. This physiological barrier comprises a single layer of non-fenestrated endothelial", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 2 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6919799", "chunk_text": "Retina\nof the forkhead transcription factors FOXD1 and FOXG1. Additional gradients are formed within the retina that aid in proper targeting of RGC axons that function to establish the retinotopic map. The retina is stratified into distinct layers, each containing specific cell types or cellular compartments that have metabolisms with different nutritional requirements. To satisfy these requirements, the ophthalmic artery bifurcates and supplies the retina via two distinct vascular networks: the choroidal network, which supplies the choroid and the outer retina, and the retinal network, which supplies the retina's inner layer. At first glance, one may think that the vertebrate retina", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 3 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6919824", "chunk_text": "Retina\nthe retina and its relatively immune-privileged environment help this process. Tight junctions that form the blood retinal barrier separate the subretinal space from the blood supply, thus protecting it from microbes and most immune-mediated damage, and enhancing its potential to respond to vector-mediated therapies. The highly compartmentalized anatomy of the eye facilitates accurate delivery of therapeutic vector suspensions to specific tissues under direct visualization using microsurgical techniques. In the sheltered environment of the retina, AAV vectors are able to maintain high levels of transgene expression in the retinal pigmented epithelium (RPE), photoreceptors, or ganglion cells for long periods of time", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 4 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10177806", "chunk_text": "\"Retinal haemorrhage\"\nRetinal haemorrhage Retinal haemorrhage is a disorder of the eye in which bleeding occurs in the retina, the light sensitive tissue, located on the back wall of the eye. There are photoreceptor cells in the retina called rods and cones, which transduce light energy into nerve signals that can be processed by the brain to form visual images. Retinal hemorrhage can affect adults, and newborn babies and infants may also suffer from this disorder. A retinal hemorrhage can be caused by several medical conditions such as hypertension, retinal vein occlusion (a blockage of a retinal vein), anemia, leukemia or diabetes", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 5 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6455383", "chunk_text": "\"Blood vessel\"\nbetween the blood and the tissues; and the veins, which carry blood from the capillaries back toward the heart. The word \"\"vascular\"\", meaning relating to the blood vessels, is derived from the Latin \"\"vas\"\", meaning vessel. A few structures (such as cartilage and the lens of the eye) do not contain blood vessels and are labeled. The arteries and veins have three layers. The middle layer is thicker in the arteries than it is in the veins: Capillaries consist of little more than a layer of endothelium and occasional connective tissue. When blood vessels connect to form a region of", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 6 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1505697", "chunk_text": "Choroid\nretina to closest): There are two circulations of the eye: the retinal (in the retina) and uveal, supplied in humans by posterior ciliary arteries, originating from the ophthalmic artery. The arteries of the uveal circulation, supplying the uvea and outer and middle layers of the retina, are branches of the ophthalmic artery and enter the eyeball without passing with the optic nerve. The retinal circulation, on the other hand, derives its circulation from the central retinal artery, also a branch of the ophthalmic artery, but passing in conjunction with the optic nerve. They are branching in a segmental distribution to", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 7 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10687258", "chunk_text": "\"Central retinal vein\"\nthat blood vessel can suffer from occlusion (central retinal vein occlusion), similar to that seen in ocular ischemic syndrome. Central retinal vein The central retinal vein (retinal vein) is a short vein that runs through the optic nerve, leaves the optic nerve 10 mm from the eyeball and drains blood from the capillaries of the retina into either superior ophthalmic vein or into the cavernous sinus directly. The anatomy of the veins of the orbit of the eye varies between individuals, and in some the central retinal vein drains into the superior ophthalmic vein, and in some it drains directly", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 8 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "511656", "chunk_text": "\"Retinal haemorrhage\"\nand flaxseed oil. Retinal haemorrhage Retinal haemorrhage is a disorder of the eye in which bleeding occurs in the retina, the light sensitive tissue, located on the back wall of the eye. There are photoreceptor cells in the retina called rods and cones, which transduce light energy into nerve signals that can be processed by the brain to form visual images. Retinal hemorrhage can affect adults, and newborn babies and infants may also suffer from this disorder. A retinal hemorrhage can be caused by several medical conditions such as hypertension, retinal vein occlusion (a blockage of a retinal vein), anemia,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 9 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9919401", "chunk_text": "Conjunctiva\nConjunctiva The conjunctiva lines the inside of the eyelids and covers the sclera (the white of the eye). It is composed of non-keratinized, stratified squamous epithelium with goblet cells, and also stratified columnar epithelium. The conjunctiva is highly vascularised, with many microvessels easily accessible for imaging studies. The conjunctiva is typically divided into three parts: Blood to the bulbar conjunctiva is primarily derived from the ophthalmic artery. The blood supply to the palpebral conjunctiva (the eyelid) is derived from the external carotid artery. However, the circulation of the bulbar conjunctiva and palpebral conjunctiva are linked, so both bulbar conjunctival and", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 10 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11120140", "chunk_text": "\"Vitreous body\"\ngel-like near the edges. The vitreous humour is in contact with the retina. Collagen fibrils attach the vitreous at the optic nerve disc and the ora serrata (where the retina ends anteriorly), at the Wieger-band, the dorsal side of the lens. The vitreous also firmly attaches to the lens capsule, retinal vessels, and the macula, the area of the retina which provides finer detail and central vision. Aquaporin-4 in Müller cell in rats transports water to the vitreous body. The vitreous has many anatomical landmarks, including the hyaloid membrane, Berger's space, space of Erggelet, Wieger's ligament, Cloquet's canal and the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 11 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6801773", "chunk_text": "\"Central retinal artery\"\nsmall area surrounding it are not supplied by the central retinal artery or its branches, but instead by the choroid. The central retinal artery is approximately 160 micrometres in diameter. In some cases - approximately 20% of the population - there is a branch of the ciliary circulation called the cilio-retinal artery which supplies the retina between the macula and the optic nerve, including the nerve fibers from the foveal photoreceptors. If this artery is present, the central vision will be preserved even in case of CRAO. The central retinal artery is formed from the proximal part of the hyaloid", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 12 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6919802", "chunk_text": "Retina\ndamage and allows the photoreceptor cells to have decades-long useful lives. The bird retina is devoid of blood vessels, perhaps to give unobscured passage of light for forming images, thus giving better resolution. It is, therefore, a considered view that the bird retina depends for nutrition and oxygen supply on a specialized organ, called the \"\"pecten\"\" or pecten oculi, located on the blind spot or optic disk. This organ is extremely rich in blood vessels and is thought to supply nutrition and oxygen to the bird retina by diffusion through the vitreous body. The pecten is highly rich in alkaline", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 13 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1054422", "chunk_text": "\"Hyaloid canal\"\nresults in compression of the hyaloid canal, so that the volume of the eye remains constant. Hyaloid canal Hyaloid canal (Cloquet's canal and Stilling's canal) is a small transparent canal running through the vitreous body from the optic nerve disc to the lens. It is formed by an invagination of the hyaloid, a membrane which encloses the vitreous body. In the fetus, the hyaloid canal contains a prolongation of the central artery of the retina, the hyaloid artery, which supplies blood to the developing lens. After birth, the hyaloid canal contains lymph and its purpose is to facilitate changes in", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 14 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5988404", "chunk_text": "Choroid\nChoroid The choroid, also known as the choroidea or choroid coat, is the vascular layer of the eye, containing connective tissues, and lying between the retina and the sclera. The human choroid is thickest at the far extreme rear of the eye (at 0.2 mm), while in the outlying areas it narrows to 0.1 mm. The choroid provides oxygen and nourishment to the outer layers of the retina. Along with the ciliary body and iris, the choroid forms the uveal tract. The structure of the choroid is generally divided into four layers (classified in order of furthest away from the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 15 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5173464", "chunk_text": "Hyalocyte\nHyalocyte Hyalocytes, also known as vitreous cells, are cells of the vitreous body, which is the clear gel that fills the space between the lens and the retina of the eye. Hyalocytes occur in the peripheral part of the vitreous body, and may produce hyaluronic acid, collagen, fibrils, and hyaluronan. Hyalocytes are star-shaped (stellate) cells with oval nuclei. The development of the vitreous is organized into three stages: primary, secondary, and tertiary. During the primary stage, which occurs from 3–6 weeks, the basic components of the vitreous begin to form from the mesenchyme embryonic cell layer. Hyalocytes likely develop from", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 16 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9963800", "chunk_text": "\"Central retinal vein\"\nCentral retinal vein The central retinal vein (retinal vein) is a short vein that runs through the optic nerve, leaves the optic nerve 10 mm from the eyeball and drains blood from the capillaries of the retina into either superior ophthalmic vein or into the cavernous sinus directly. The anatomy of the veins of the orbit of the eye varies between individuals, and in some the central retinal vein drains into the superior ophthalmic vein, and in some it drains directly into the cavernous sinus. The central retinal vein is the venous equivalent of the central retinal artery, and like", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 17 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1054421", "chunk_text": "\"Hyaloid canal\"\nHyaloid canal Hyaloid canal (Cloquet's canal and Stilling's canal) is a small transparent canal running through the vitreous body from the optic nerve disc to the lens. It is formed by an invagination of the hyaloid, a membrane which encloses the vitreous body. In the fetus, the hyaloid canal contains a prolongation of the central artery of the retina, the hyaloid artery, which supplies blood to the developing lens. After birth, the hyaloid canal contains lymph and its purpose is to facilitate changes in the volume of the lens. As the lens expands in positive accommodation, its volume increases. This", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 18 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5991274", "chunk_text": "\"Cone cell\"\nCone cell Cone cells, or cones, are one of 3 types of photoreceptor cells in the retina of mammalian eyes (e.g. the human eye). They are responsible for color vision and function best in relatively bright light, as opposed to rod cells, which work better in dim light. Cone cells are densely packed in the fovea centralis, a 0.3 mm diameter rod-free area with very thin, densely packed cones which quickly reduce in number towards the periphery of the retina. There are about six to seven million cones in a human eye and are most concentrated towards the macula. The", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 19 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6919790", "chunk_text": "Retina\nentire retina contains about 7 million cones and 75 to 150 million rods. The optic disc, a part of the retina sometimes called \"\"the blind spot\"\" because it lacks photoreceptors, is located at the optic papilla, where the optic-nerve fibres leave the eye. It appears as an oval white area of 3 mm². Temporal (in the direction of the temples) to this disc is the macula, at whose centre is the fovea, a pit that is responsible for our sharp central vision but is actually less sensitive to light because of its lack of rods. Human and non-human primates possess", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 20 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4141523", "chunk_text": "\"Blood–retinal barrier\"\ncells, which have tight junctions. These junctions are impervious to tracer, so many substances can affect the metabolism of the eyeball. The retinal pigment epithelium maintains the outer blood–retinal barrier. Diabetic retinopathy, eye damage that frequently occurs as a result of diabetes, is related to the breakdown of the blood–retinal barrier. The barrier becomes more leaky in patients with diabetic retinopathy. Animal models have shown that the blood–retinal barrier becomes more permeable to substances in hypertensive animals (those with high blood pressure). Blood–retinal barrier The blood–retinal barrier, or the BRB, is part of the blood–ocular barrier that consists of cells", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 21 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20723403", "chunk_text": "\"Macula of retina\"\nis seen when viewed from the pupil, as in ophthalmoscopy or retinal photography. The anatomical macula is defined histologically in terms of having two or more layers of ganglion cells. The umbo is the center of the foveola which in turn is located at the center of the fovea. The fovea is located near the center of the macula. It is a small pit that contains the largest concentration of cone cells. The retina contains two types of photosensitive cells, the rod cells and the cone cells. Because the macula is yellow in colour it absorbs excess blue and ultraviolet", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 22 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6919781", "chunk_text": "Retina\nRetina The retina is the innermost, light-sensitive layer, or \"\"coat\"\", of shell tissue of the eye of most vertebrates and some molluscs. The optics of the eye create a focused two-dimensional image of the visual world on the retina, which translates that image into electrical neural impulses to the brain to create visual perception, the retina serving much the same function as film or a CCD in a camera. The retina consists of several layers of neurons interconnected by synapses. The neural retina refers to the three layers of neural cells (photo receptor cells, bipolar cells, and ganglion cells) within", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 23 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1985868", "chunk_text": "\"Hyaloid artery\"\nHyaloid artery The hyaloid artery is a branch of the ophthalmic artery, which is itself a branch of the internal carotid artery. It is contained within the optic stalk of the eye and extends from the optic disc through the vitreous humor to the lens. Usually fully regressed before birth, its purpose is to supply nutrients to the developing lens in the growing fetus. During the tenth week of development in humans (time varies depending on species), the lens grows independent of a blood supply and the hyaloid artery usually regresses. Its proximal portion remains as the central artery of", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 24 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6919800", "chunk_text": "Retina\nis \"\"wired wrongly\"\" or \"\"badly designed\"\"; but in fact, the retina could not function if it were not inverted. The photoreceptor layer must be embedded in the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE), which performs at least seven vital functions, one of the most obvious being to supply oxygen and other necessary nutrients needed for the photoreceptors to function. These nutrients include glucose, fatty acids, and retinal. The mammalian photoreceptor amplification process uses large quantities energy for vision in photopic conditions (requiring less under scotopic conditions) and, thus, requires the large supply nutrients supplied by the blood vessels in the choroid, which", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 25 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "331502", "chunk_text": "\"Retinal nerve fiber layer\"\nRetinal nerve fiber layer The retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) or nerve fiber layer, stratum opticum, is formed by the expansion of the fibers of the optic nerve; it is thickest near the optic disc, gradually diminishing toward the ora serrata. As the nerve fibers pass through the lamina cribrosa sclerae they lose their medullary sheaths and are continued onward through the choroid and retina as simple axis-cylinders. When they reach the internal surface of the retina they radiate from their point of entrance over this surface grouped in bundles, and in many places arranged in plexuses. Most of the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 26 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7900600", "chunk_text": "Retinopathy\nblood to sludge, or thicken and flow slowly, through the retinal arteries. Other disorders that cause hyperviscosity syndrome may also cause blood sludging. Lastly, clots or central artery thrombosis directly blocks flow to the retina causing the cells to die. Proliferative retinopathy is the result of aberrant blood flow to the retina due to blood vessel overgrowth, or neovascularization. These pathologically overgrown blood vessels are often fragile, weak, and ineffective at perfusing the retinal tissues. These weak, fragile vessels are also often leaky, allowing fluids, protein, and other debris to leech out into the retina. They are also prone to", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 27 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "331505", "chunk_text": "\"Retinal nerve fiber layer\"\nthat may generate micro bubble that can clog micro vessels. Retinal nerve fiber layer The retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) or nerve fiber layer, stratum opticum, is formed by the expansion of the fibers of the optic nerve; it is thickest near the optic disc, gradually diminishing toward the ora serrata. As the nerve fibers pass through the lamina cribrosa sclerae they lose their medullary sheaths and are continued onward through the choroid and retina as simple axis-cylinders. When they reach the internal surface of the retina they radiate from their point of entrance over this surface grouped in bundles,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 28 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6801774", "chunk_text": "\"Central retinal artery\"\nartery after atrophy of its distal part has formed the hyaloid canal. The central retinal artery supplies all the nerve fibers that form the optic nerve, which carries the visual information to the lateral geniculate nucleus of the thalamus, including those that reach over the fovea. Thus if the central retinal artery gets occluded, there is complete loss of vision in that eye even though the fovea is not affected. The entire retina (with the exception of the fovea) becomes pale and swollen and opaque while the central fovea still appears reddish (this is because the choroid color shows through).", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 29 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6919789", "chunk_text": "Retina\nthe suprachiasmatic nucleus, and the nucleus of the optic tract. It passes through the other layers, creating the optic disc in primates. Additional structures, not directly associated with vision, are found as outgrowths of the retina in some vertebrate groups. In birds, the pecten is a vascular structure of complex shape that projects from the retina into the vitreous humour; it supplies oxygen and nutrients to the eye, and may also aid in vision. Reptiles have a similar, but much simpler, structure. In adult humans, the entire retina is approximately 72% of a sphere about 22 mm in diameter. The", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 30 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6919801", "chunk_text": "Retina\nlies beyond the RPE. The choroid supplies about 75% of these nutrients to the retina and the retinal vasculature only 25%. When light strikes 11-cis-retinal (in the disks in the rods and cones), 11-cis-retinal changes to all-trans-retinal which then triggers changes in the opsins. Now, the outer segments do not regenerate the retinal back into the cis- form once it has been changed by light. Instead the retinal is pumped out to the surrounding RPE where it is regenerated and transported back into the outer segments of the photoreceptors. This recycling function of the RPE protects the photoreceptors against photo-oxidative", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 31 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8889168", "chunk_text": "Pericyte\nPericyte Pericytes (also known as Rouget cells, or mural cells) are contractile cells that wrap around the endothelial cells that line the capillaries and venules throughout the body. Pericytes are embedded in basement membrane where they communicate with endothelial cells of the body's smallest blood vessels by means of both direct physical contact and paracrine signaling. In the brain, pericytes help sustain the blood–brain barrier as well as several other homeostatic and hemostatic functions of the brain. These cells are also a key component of the \"\"neurovascular unit\"\", which includes endothelial cells, astrocytes, and neurons. Pericytes regulate capillary blood flow,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 32 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6164515", "chunk_text": "\"Fovea centralis\"\ndispersion or loss. This anatomy is responsible for the depression in the center of the fovea. The foveal pit is surrounded by the foveal rim that contains the neurons displaced from the pit. This is the thickest part of the retina. The fovea is located in a small avascular zone and receives most of its oxygen from the vessels in the choroid, which is across the retinal pigment epithelium and Bruch's membrane. The high spatial density of cones along with the absence of blood vessels at the fovea accounts for the high visual acuity capability at the fovea. The center", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 33 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9328009", "chunk_text": "\"Fovea centralis\"\nFovea centralis The fovea centralis is a small, central pit composed of closely packed cones in the eye. It is located in the center of the macula lutea of the retina. The fovea is responsible for sharp central vision (also called foveal vision), which is necessary in humans for activities where visual detail is of primary importance, such as reading and driving. The fovea is surrounded by the \"\"parafovea\"\" belt, and the \"\"perifovea\"\" outer region. The parafovea is the intermediate belt, where the ganglion cell layer is composed of more than five rows of cells, as well as the highest", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 34 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1121883", "chunk_text": "\"Retinal ganglion cell\"\nlayer, reducing the quality of vision. There are human eye diseases where this does, in fact, happen. In some vertebrates, for example the chicken, the ganglion cell axons \"\"are\"\" myelinated inside the retina. [[Category:Histology]] [[Category:Human eye anatomy]] [[Category:Visual system]] [[Category:Human cells]] [[Category:Neurons]] Retinal ganglion cell A retinal ganglion cell (RGC) is a type of neuron located near the inner surface (the ganglion cell layer) of the retina of the eye. It receives visual information from photoreceptors via two intermediate neuron types: bipolar cells and retina amacrine cells. Retina amacrine cells, particularly narrow field cells, are important for creating functional subunits", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 35 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17120819", "chunk_text": "\"Macula of retina\"\nMacula of retina The macula or macula lutea is an oval-shaped pigmented area near the center of the retina of the human eye and some other animalian eyes. The macula in humans has a diameter of around and is subdivided into the umbo, foveola, foveal avascular zone, fovea, parafovea, and perifovea areas. The anatomical macula at is much larger than the clinical macula which, at , corresponds to the anatomical fovea. The macula is responsible for the central, high-resolution, color vision that is possible in good light; and this kind of vision is impaired if the macula is damaged, for", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 36 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9919402", "chunk_text": "Conjunctiva\npalpebral conjunctival vessels will be supplied by both the ophthalmic artery and the external carotid artery, to varying extents. Sensory innervation of the conjunctiva is divided into four parts: The conjunctiva consists of non-keratinized, both stratified squamous and stratified columnar epithelium, with interspersed goblet cells. The epithelial layer contains blood vessels, fibrous tissue, and lymphatic channels. Accessory lacrimal glands in the conjunctiva constantly produce the aqueous portion of tears. Additional cells present in the conjunctival epithelium include melanocytes, T and B cell lymphocytes. The conjunctiva helps lubricate the eye by producing mucus and tears, although a smaller volume of tears", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 37 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6919788", "chunk_text": "Retina\nThe vertebrate retina has ten distinct layers. From closest to farthest from the vitreous body: These layers can be grouped into 4 main processing stages: photoreception; transmission to bipolar cells; transmission to ganglion cells, which also contain photoreceptors, the photosensitive ganglion cells; and transmission along the optic nerve. At each synaptic stage there are also laterally connecting horizontal and amacrine cells. The optic nerve is a central tract of many axons of ganglion cells connecting primarily to the lateral geniculate body, a visual relay station in the diencephalon (the rear of the forebrain). It also projects to the superior colliculus,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 38 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1852833", "chunk_text": "Eye\ncells used for vision: the rods and the cones. Rods cannot distinguish colours, but are responsible for low-light (scotopic) monochrome (black-and-white) vision; they work well in dim light as they contain a pigment, rhodopsin (visual purple), which is sensitive at low light intensity, but saturates at higher (photopic) intensities. Rods are distributed throughout the retina but there are none at the fovea and none at the blind spot. Rod density is greater in the peripheral retina than in the central retina. Cones are responsible for colour vision. They require brighter light to function than rods require. In humans, there are", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 39 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11522719", "chunk_text": "Eye\npigment epithelium, and constitutes the cells of the dilator muscle. The vitreous is the transparent, colourless, gelatinous mass that fills the space between the lens of the eye and the retina lining the back of the eye. It is produced by certain retinal cells. It is of rather similar composition to the cornea, but contains very few cells (mostly phagocytes which remove unwanted cellular debris in the visual field, as well as the hyalocytes of Balazs of the surface of the vitreous, which reprocess the hyaluronic acid), no blood vessels, and 98–99% of its volume is water (as opposed to", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 40 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13331679", "chunk_text": "\"Muller glia\"\nMuller glia Müller glia, or Müller cells, are a type of retinal glial cells, first recognized and described by Heinrich Müller. They are found in the vertebrate retina, which serve as support cells for the neurons, as all glial cells do. They are the most common type of glial cell found in the retina. While their cell bodies are located in the inner nuclear layer of the retina, they span across the entire retina. The major role of the Müller cells is to maintain the structural and functional stability of retinal cells. This includes regulation of the extracellular environment via", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 41 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6761970", "chunk_text": "\"Retinal scan\"\nRetinal scan A retinal scan is a biometric technique that uses unique patterns on a person's retina blood vessels. It is not to be confused with another ocular-based technologies, iris recognition, commonly called an \"\"iris scan\"\", and eye vein verification that uses scleral veins.\"\" The human retina is a thin tissue composed of neural cells that is located in the posterior portion of the eye. Because of the complex structure of the capillaries that supply the retina with blood, each person's retina is unique. The network of blood vessels in the retina is not entirely genetically determined and thus even", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 42 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12642595", "chunk_text": "\"Cerebroretinal microangiopathy with calcifications and cysts\"\nand temporal portions of the retina. This is known as telangiectasia. The vessel walls are weak and leak blood plasma and lipid within and underneath the retina. This leakage can lead to exudative retinal detachment, also known as exudative retinopathy in this context. The detachment typically has a yellowish tint because the fluid under the retina contains lipid. These findings mimic Coats disease. Characteristically, the abnormal vessels are localized and the retinal blood vessels peripheral to the abnormal ones seemingly have failed to develop and are thus not seen. In some eyes, retinal vessels form small nodules on the surface", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 43 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "331510", "chunk_text": "\"Ganglion cell layer\"\nGanglion cell layer The ganglion cell layer (ganglionic layer) is a layer of the retina that consists of retinal ganglion cells and displaced amacrine cells. In the macula lutea, the layer forms several strata. The cells are somewhat flask-shaped; the rounded internal surface of each resting on the stratum opticum, and sending off an axon which is prolonged into it. From the opposite end numerous dendrites extend into the inner plexiform layer, where they branch and form flattened arborizations at different levels. The ganglion cells vary much in size, and the dendrites of the smaller ones as a rule arborize", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 44 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2123455", "chunk_text": "Hyalocyte\nthe vascular primary vitreous. Hyalocyte Hyalocytes, also known as vitreous cells, are cells of the vitreous body, which is the clear gel that fills the space between the lens and the retina of the eye. Hyalocytes occur in the peripheral part of the vitreous body, and may produce hyaluronic acid, collagen, fibrils, and hyaluronan. Hyalocytes are star-shaped (stellate) cells with oval nuclei. The development of the vitreous is organized into three stages: primary, secondary, and tertiary. During the primary stage, which occurs from 3–6 weeks, the basic components of the vitreous begin to form from the mesenchyme embryonic cell layer.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 45 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6455382", "chunk_text": "\"Blood vessel\"\nBlood vessel The blood vessels are the part of the circulatory system, and microcirculation, that transports blood throughout the human body. These vessels are designed to transport nutrients and oxygen to the tissues of the body. They also take waste and carbon dioxide and carry them away from the tissues and back to the heart. Blood vessels are needed to sustain life as all of the body’s tissues rely on their functionality.There are three major types of blood vessels: the arteries, which carry the blood away from the heart; the capillaries, which enable the actual exchange of water and chemicals", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 46 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19668910", "chunk_text": "\"Macula of retina\"\nin representing the type of damage mediated by an infarct, in this case, indicating that the caudal visual cortex (which is the principal recipient of macular projections of the optic nerve) has been spared. Further, it indicates that cortical damage rostral to, and including, lateral geniculate nucleus is an unlikely outcome of the infarction, as too much of the lateral geniculate nucleus is, proportionally, devoted to macular-stream processing. Macula of retina The macula or macula lutea is an oval-shaped pigmented area near the center of the retina of the human eye and some other animalian eyes. The macula in humans", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 47 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10227978", "chunk_text": "\"Tela choroidea\"\neach other in front, and are mostly adherent throughout. The anterior layer of the fold, contains vascular fringes which make up the choroid plexus. The anterior layer is continuous inferiorly with the pia mater on the inferior cerebellar peduncles and the closed part of the medulla oblongata. The \"\"posterior layer\"\" covers the antero-inferior surface of the cerebellum. The blood supply of these plexuses is from the posterior inferior cerebellar artery. The lateral ventricles also contains the right and left internal cerebral veins (which drain the choroid plexuses) at its roof (the two veins unite to form the great cerebral vein).", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 48 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9991335", "chunk_text": "Opsin\nopsins are a subset of C-opsins (ciliary). They are expressed in the vertebrate retina and mediate vision. They can be further subdivided into rod opsins and four types of cone opsin. Rod opsins (rhodopsins, usually denoted Rh), are used in dim-light vision, are thermally stable, and are found in the rod photoreceptor cells. Cone opsins, employed in color vision, are less-stable opsins located in the cone photoreceptor cells. Cone opsins are further subdivided according to their absorption maxima (\"\"λ\"\"), the wavelength at which the highest light absorption is observed. Evolutionary relationships, deduced using the amino acid sequence of the opsins,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 49 } ]
test_3540	when does elijah first appear in vampire diaries?	n/a	[ "Rose", "\"Rose\"", "Season two" ]	[]	n/a	n/a	n/a	[]	[ { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14132758", "chunk_text": "\"Original Vampires (The Vampire Diaries)\"\nto their \"\"linked\"\" status. However, Klaus manages to force Bonnie into unlinking the siblings moments before Finn is killed. It is revealed through Finn's death that when an Original dies, all vampires of his or her bloodline die as well. As was revealed in the season finale of \"\"The Originals\"\", Finn returns along with his mother Esther and brother Kol in another body of a male witch named Vincent. He is portrayed by New Zealand actor Daniel Gillies Elijah first appears in episode eight of season two, entitled \"\"Rose\"\". Elijah is brought into the circle by two vampires named Rose", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 0 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14020376", "chunk_text": "\"Klaus (The Vampire Diaries)\"\nKlaus (The Vampire Diaries) \"\"Klaus\"\" is the 19th episode of the second season of The CW television series, \"\"The Vampire Diaries\"\" and the 41st episode of the series overall. It originally aired on April 21, 2011. The episode was written by Kevin Williamson and Julie Plec and directed by Joshua Butler. Elijah (Daniel Gillies) wakes up in the Salvatore basement after Elena (Nina Dobrev) removes the dagger from his body. Elena tries to keep him quiet so Damon (Ian Somerhalder) and Stefan (Paul Wesley) will not hear him. Elijah needs to get out of the house since he is not", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 1 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10622385", "chunk_text": "\"The Vampire Diaries\"\nseries premiere in the 2013–14 television season. \"\"The Originals\"\" premiered on October 3, 2013. Daniel Gillies as Elijah, Claire Holt as Rebekah, and Phoebe Tonkin as Hayley will also continue to play their characters, originally from \"\"The Vampire Diaries\"\", in the new spin-off series. \"\"The Originals\"\" is about the Mikaelson siblings, who are the original family of vampires, and their take-over of New Orleans. The show also involves Hayley and Klaus's daughter, Hope. Producers reported that there would be a transition of the characters in both series. Claire Holt made a special cameo on episodes of \"\"The Vampire Diaries\"\", in", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 2 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11390400", "chunk_text": "\"Klaus (The Vampire Diaries)\"\nattention. The episode is not perfect. Someone searching for flaws can find a number of big ones. But it’s compelling, and it builds anticipation for the final showdown with Klaus, which is what it needs to do.\"\" Klaus (The Vampire Diaries) \"\"Klaus\"\" is the 19th episode of the second season of The CW television series, \"\"The Vampire Diaries\"\" and the 41st episode of the series overall. It originally aired on April 21, 2011. The episode was written by Kevin Williamson and Julie Plec and directed by Joshua Butler. Elijah (Daniel Gillies) wakes up in the Salvatore basement after Elena (Nina", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 3 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7661118", "chunk_text": "\"All My Children (The Vampire Diaries)\"\nwas a fabulous episode. \"\"[The episode] was another example of why this show continues to be one of the most exciting hours of television each week.\"\" All My Children (The Vampire Diaries) \"\"All My Children\"\" is the fifteenth episode of the third season of The CW television series, \"\"The Vampire Diaries\"\" and the 59th episode of the series overall. It originally aired on February 16, 2012. The episode was written by Evan Bleiweiss & Michael Narducci and directed by Pascal Verschooris. Elijah (Daniel Gillies) finds evidence that Esther (Alice Evans) was casting a spell during the ball and he believes", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 4 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5526773", "chunk_text": "\"Daniel Gillies\"\nDaniel Gillies Daniel Gillies (born 14 March 1976) is a Canadian-born New Zealand actor. He is best known for his role as Elijah Mikaelson on the television series \"\"The Vampire Diaries\"\" and its spin-off \"\"The Originals\"\", as well as Dr. Joel Goran on the Canadian series \"\"Saving Hope\"\", a medical themed show with a mystical, paranormal twist. He wrote and directed the 2012 film \"\"Broken Kingdom\"\". Gillies was born in Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada to New Zealand parents. When he was five, his parents decided to return to their native New Zealand, and moved to Invercargill and then to Hamilton. Though", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 5 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8501273", "chunk_text": "\"Crying Wolf (The Vampire Diaries)\"\nfor a romantic weekend at her parents' house near the lake. When they get there, Elena remembers her parents and memories of them at the house come back to her mind. Stefan is there for her and they later find out a secret place where Elena's parents were hiding vampire weapons as well as other Gilbert journals. Damon (Ian Somerhalder) meets Elijah (Daniel Gillies) at the tea party Carol (Susan Walters) is organizing and tries to find out his plans and why he wants to keep Elena safe at the moment but Elijah does not seem willing to share his", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 6 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5526778", "chunk_text": "\"Daniel Gillies\"\nto stop now.\"\" Daniel Gillies Daniel Gillies (born 14 March 1976) is a Canadian-born New Zealand actor. He is best known for his role as Elijah Mikaelson on the television series \"\"The Vampire Diaries\"\" and its spin-off \"\"The Originals\"\", as well as Dr. Joel Goran on the Canadian series \"\"Saving Hope\"\", a medical themed show with a mystical, paranormal twist. He wrote and directed the 2012 film \"\"Broken Kingdom\"\". Gillies was born in Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada to New Zealand parents. When he was five, his parents decided to return to their native New Zealand, and moved to Invercargill and then", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 7 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7661110", "chunk_text": "\"All My Children (The Vampire Diaries)\"\nAll My Children (The Vampire Diaries) \"\"All My Children\"\" is the fifteenth episode of the third season of The CW television series, \"\"The Vampire Diaries\"\" and the 59th episode of the series overall. It originally aired on February 16, 2012. The episode was written by Evan Bleiweiss & Michael Narducci and directed by Pascal Verschooris. Elijah (Daniel Gillies) finds evidence that Esther (Alice Evans) was casting a spell during the ball and he believes that Elena (Nina Dobrev) lied to him. He kidnaps Elena who tells him that Esther wants to kill them all. Elijah takes Elena into the tunnels", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 8 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14132766", "chunk_text": "\"Original Vampires (The Vampire Diaries)\"\nepisode of season 3, Elena professes that she hopes that her vampire friends are descended from Elijah's bloodline, so that he can be spared. Elijah returns to town in the season three finale episode, \"\"The Departed\"\", in order to make a deal with Elena and her friends. Elijah proposes that he be allowed to take Klaus's desiccated (by witch Bonnie and help from the Salvatores and Tyler) body with him and his siblings and leave town, and in exchange, he would make sure that Klaus would not be resurrected within Elena's lifetime or even that of her children, stating: \"\"perhaps", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 9 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11251996", "chunk_text": "\"The House Guest\"\nThe House Guest \"\"The House Guest\"\" is the 16th episode of the second season of The CW television series, \"\"The Vampire Diaries\"\" and the 38th episode of the series overall. It originally aired on February 24, 2011. The episode was written by Caroline Dries and directed by Michael Katleman. Katherine (Nina Dobrev) is free and out of the tomb now that Elijah (Daniel Gillies) is dead and she moves into the Salvatore house where she stays with Damon (Ian Somerhalder) and Stefan (Paul Wesley). She tells them that she did not leave town because she wants to help them kill", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 10 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15223613", "chunk_text": "\"The Last Day (The Vampire Diaries)\"\nThe Last Day (The Vampire Diaries) \"\"The Last Day\"\" is the 20th episode of the second season of The CW television series, \"\"The Vampire Diaries\"\" and the 42nd episode of the series overall. It originally aired on April 28, 2011. The episode was written by Andrew Chambliss and Brian Young and directed by J. Miller Tobin. Elijah (Daniel Gillies) explains the curse to Elena (Nina Dobrev), Stefan (Paul Wesley) and Damon (Ian Somerhalder) and what is needed. A witch to cast the spell, a sacrifice of a werewolf and a vampire and Klaus to drink the doppelganger's blood. Elijah has", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 11 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14132726", "chunk_text": "\"Original Vampires (The Vampire Diaries)\"\nOriginal Vampires (The Vampire Diaries) The Original vampires, in the universe of \"\"The Vampire Diaries\"\" and \"\"The Originals\"\", are a family of vampires from which all current vampires descend, as well as being the most powerful and indestructible of their kind. In Autumn 1001 AD, after the death of her youngest son Henrik at the hands of werewolves, the powerful witch Esther performed an occult blood ritual in order to protect her five remaining children—(Finn, Elijah, Niklaus, Kol, and Rebekah)—and her husband, Mikael. The ritual formed her family into the first vampires. Then the whole family scattered across the world.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 12 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20232341", "chunk_text": "\"The Vampire Diaries (season 2)\"\nThe Vampire Diaries (season 2) The Vampire Diaries, an American supernatural drama, was officially renewed by The CW for a full 22-episode season on February 16, 2010. The first episode premiered on September 9, 2010, at 8 p.m. ET. The season picks up immediately after the events of the season one finale. All the series regulars returned. Season two focuses on the return of Elena Gilbert's (Nina Dobrev) doppelgänger, Katherine Pierce, the introduction of werewolves, the sun and moon curse, and the arrival of the original vampires. Tyler Lockwood's (Michael Trevino) uncle, Mason Lockwood (Taylor Kinney), arrives in town searching", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 13 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14020380", "chunk_text": "\"Klaus (The Vampire Diaries)\"\nleaves Elijah to go to Jenna. In a flashback, we see that Elijah was in love with Katherine back in 1492. Elena tries to calm Jenna down and tells her the whole truth. Then, she goes back to Elijah, asking him to tell her about the curse. Elijah tells her that his mother was unfaithful to his father and Klaus is a brother from another father, a werewolf, something that makes Klaus both a vampire and a werewolf. Klaus wants to break the curse that is upon him so he can reawaken his werewolf side and create an army of", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 14 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15828751", "chunk_text": "\"Dangerous Liaisons (The Vampire Diaries)\"\nDangerous Liaisons (The Vampire Diaries) \"\"Dangerous Liaisons\"\" is the fourteenth episode of the third season of The CW television series, \"\"The Vampire Diaries\"\" and the 58th episode of the series overall. It originally aired on February 9, 2012. The episode was written by Caroline Dries and directed by Chris Grismer. Rebekah (Claire Holt) attacks Elena (Nina Dobrev) but Elijah (Daniel Gillies) stops her before she kills her. Esther (Alice Evans) organizes a ball as a celebration for her family's reunion and she invites Elena and the whole town. Rebekah invites Matt (Zach Roerig) while Klaus (Joseph Morgan) sends a dress", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 15 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1460527", "chunk_text": "\"The Vampire Diaries (season 3)\"\npremiered on Thursday, September 15, 2011. The series stars Nina Dobrev as Elena Gilbert and Katherine Pierce, Paul Wesley as Stefan Salvatore and Silas, Ian Somerhalder as Damon Salvatore, Steven R. McQueen as Jeremy Gilbert, Kat Graham as Bonnie Bennett, Candice Accola as Caroline Forbes, Zach Roerig as Matt Donovan, Michael Trevino as Tyler Lockwood, Matt Davis as Alaric Saltzman and Joseph Morgan as Klaus. 7th Heaven's David Gallagher was cast as werewolf Ray Sutton who has a run-in with Klaus in Tennessee. Australian actress, Claire Holt has been cast as Rebekah the sister of Klaus and Elijah, a beautiful", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 16 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11520634", "chunk_text": "\"Original Vampires (The Vampire Diaries)\"\nAfter burying their mother, Elijah, Klaus and Rebekah also left their hometown. Despite originating in 10th century pre-Christianized Norway, most members of the family (all but Freya, Finn, Kol, and Henrik) carry non-Scandinavian names. The rest, apart from Niklaus, carry biblical Hebrew names: Mikael, Esther, Elijah, and Rebekah. The name Mikaelson, or any variants, would likely be anachronistic in 10th century Norway. Mikael is the patriarch of the Mikaelson family. He is portrayed by Sebastian Roché. Mikael was searching for Klaus and the rest of his family for a thousand years. He desired to kill Klaus, in order to get", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 17 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9069041", "chunk_text": "\"The Originals (TV series)\"\nfrom \"\"The Vampire Diaries,\"\" centers around three of the Mikaelson siblings: Klaus (Joseph Morgan), Elijah (Daniel Gillies), and Rebekah (Claire Holt). The Mikaelson family is called \"\"the Originals\"\" as they are the first vampires to ever exist. Niklaus \"\"Klaus\"\" Mikaelson is a descendant of a witch and a werewolf, and his quest to unleash his hybrid nature was detailed in \"\"The Vampire Diaries\"\". The backdoor pilot, which aired on April 25, 2013, also revealed that the werewolf Hayley (Phoebe Tonkin) is pregnant with Klaus's child. The series begins with the Original siblings returning to the city of New Orleans for", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 18 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5215873", "chunk_text": "\"Aiden Flowers\"\nMikaelson, the lead character, first appeared in Season 2 of The Vampire Diaries and quickly became a fan-favorite. Flowers first appeared in episode 1.16, \"\"Farewell to Storeyville\"\", where he helped define Klaus's back story. His portrayal of Young Klaus has been heavily lauded by both cast and fans, alike, and he is regularly invited to fan events in Georgia and throughout the Southeast. Joseph Morgan, who portrays Klaus as an adult, said in interviews that it was a relief to be able to share some of the burden of defining the character of Klaus Mikaelson with such a skilled young", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 19 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20824157", "chunk_text": "\"Rose (The Vampire Diaries)\"\ncome and when he arrives, Trevor freaks out, something that makes Elena realize that they are afraid of him. Rose manages to calm him down and leaves to meet Elijah. Rose meets Elijah and tells him that Katherine survived back in 1864 and that there is also a human doppelganger of hers. Elijah seems unwilling to believe her but he does when he sees Elena. Trevor apologizes for his betrayal to Elijah who forgives him but he still kills him. Elena is terrified of him and tries to negotiate with him by telling him that she knows where the moonstone", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 20 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20036004", "chunk_text": "\"The Vampire Diaries (season 1)\"\nThe Vampire Diaries (season 1) \"\"The Vampire Diaries\"\" is an American supernatural horror romance television series created by Kevin Williamson based on the novels of the same name by author L. J. Smith. It was officially picked up for the 2009–10 season on May 19, 2009. It premiered on September 10, 2009, on The CW and received the highest ratings for a series premiere in the networks history scoring 4.91 million live viewers. The series focuses on the fictional town of Mystic Falls, Virginia, that is charged with supernatural history. It follows Elena Gilbert portrayed by Nina Dobrev as she", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 21 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20790211", "chunk_text": "\"Stefan Salvatore\"\ndone. Stefan then also tries to talk Damon out of being a human again only to be with Elena but Damon decides to take the cure. Stefan Salvatore Stefan Salvatore is a fictional character from L. J. Smith's novel series \"\"The Vampire Diaries\"\". He is portrayed by Paul Wesley in the television series of the same name. Born on November 1, 1846, Stefan was turned into a vampire in 1864, at the age of 17, by Katherine Pierce, with his brother Damon Salvatore. On March 27, 2009, \"\"The Hollywood Reporter\"\" announced that Paul Wesley had joined the cast of \"\"The", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 22 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14132768", "chunk_text": "\"Original Vampires (The Vampire Diaries)\"\nwith Katherine when he learns Klaus has fathered a child and returns to New Orleans to keep Klaus' unborn baby safe and help his brother. He follows his brother Klaus to New Orleans and finds out that Hayley is pregnant with Klaus' child. He begins to have feelings for Hayley and throughout 'The Originals' the two make their feelings for each other clear. When Esther returns, she reveals the truth about how Elijah's first love, Tatia, was killed, proving it was in fact himself who had fed on her when they had newly been vampires. During one of Finn's spells", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 23 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14132767", "chunk_text": "\"Original Vampires (The Vampire Diaries)\"\nthat will teach him some manners\"\". However, Klaus is staked, and Elijah and Rebekah believe him to be dead, even though Klaus actually possessed Tyler Lockwood's body and lives on. In season four, Elijah reappears as Katherine's lover, and is making a deal with Katherine for her to be granted her freedom from Klaus in exchange for the cure for immortality, which Klaus wants to give to Silas, the world's first and most dangerous immortal being, to avoid Silas' psychic torture. Elijah refuses Klaus the cure for Rebekah to take before Silas re-claims it, denying Katherine's freedom. Elijah breaks up", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 24 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11199839", "chunk_text": "\"Blood Brothers (The Vampire Diaries)\"\nBlood Brothers (The Vampire Diaries) \"\"Blood Brothers\"\" is the 20th episode of the first season of The CW television series, \"\"The Vampire Diaries\"\" and the 20th episode of the series overall. It originally aired on April 29, 2010. The episode was written by Kevin Williamson and Julie Plec and directed by Liz Friedlander. Stefan (Paul Wesley) is still locked up in the basement and he is hallucinating because of the lack of blood. He flashes back to 1864, the night Katherine (Nina Dobrev) was taken. He and Damon (Ian Somerhalder) try to save her, Stefan distracting the guards of the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 25 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11520660", "chunk_text": "\"Original Vampires (The Vampire Diaries)\"\nleaves Mystic Falls a tortured soul, ashamed of his own barbaric actions and those of his family's. He is shown to be one of the most sophisticated and peaceful of the Original siblings, alongside his older brother Finn. He is the most compromising regarding Elena and her friends. Elijah and Elena develop a sort of understanding, and Elena comes to be fond of Elijah's company. She thus feels especially betrayed when earlier Elijah threatened to allow Rebekah to kill Elena if the Salvatore brothers are not able to stop Esther Mikaelson from killing the Original Family. However, in the 18th", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 26 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20790178", "chunk_text": "\"Stefan Salvatore\"\nStefan Salvatore Stefan Salvatore is a fictional character from L. J. Smith's novel series \"\"The Vampire Diaries\"\". He is portrayed by Paul Wesley in the television series of the same name. Born on November 1, 1846, Stefan was turned into a vampire in 1864, at the age of 17, by Katherine Pierce, with his brother Damon Salvatore. On March 27, 2009, \"\"The Hollywood Reporter\"\" announced that Paul Wesley had joined the cast of \"\"The Vampire Diaries\"\" as Stefan. He was the last main cast member whose casting was announced. Wesley has become popular with viewers. Carina MacKenzie of the \"\"Los", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 27 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18998663", "chunk_text": "\"Katerina (The Vampire Diaries)\"\nand she traveled to England where she met Klaus but when she found out why he wanted her around, she ran away to save her life. \"\"1492\"\": Katerina runs in the woods and tries to hide from Elijah and his loyal followers. Trevor (Trent Ford) appears and misleads them to the opposite direction and helps Katerina escape. He tells her to go to a cottage not far away where she will be safe. Katerina gets there and finds Rose who is upset by Trevor's actions and tells Katerina that she will turn her back to Klaus that night. \"\"Present\"\": Katherine", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 28 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14132763", "chunk_text": "\"Original Vampires (The Vampire Diaries)\"\nkilled the rest of his siblings. Elijah thus at first tries to help Elena and her friends kill Klaus, but ends up saving him instead in the Season 2 finale episode, because Klaus promises to take Elijah to their family (Elijah had assumed Klaus had hidden their \"\"dead\"\" bodies deep in the ocean) if Elijah spares him. In season two's finale however, it is revealed that Klaus double-crossed Elijah once again, and daggered him to keep him close to him, like the rest of his daggered siblings. Damon undaggers Elijah later in season 3 to help him find a way", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 29 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5526776", "chunk_text": "\"Daniel Gillies\"\nhit The CW drama \"\"The Vampire Diaries\"\" as Elijah Mikaelson. In 2013, CW created a successful spin-off of The Vampire Diaries chronicling the lives of the first (aka \"\"the Original\"\") vampires. Gillies' once recurring part as Elijah from The Vampire Diaries became a lead part in \"\"The Originals.\"\" A potential nightmare existed for CW since Gillies was already under contract to play the playboy-ish Dr. Joel Goran in the supernatural series, \"\"Saving Hope.\"\" Saving Hope initially aired in the US on NBC, but the series was not renewed although it continued to run in Canada. He continued both shows. In", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 30 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7730027", "chunk_text": "\"Ordinary People (The Vampire Diaries)\"\nthat could kill them, the Original family burn the tree down. As vampires, they were craving for blood and when Klaus (Joseph Morgan) made his first kill, his werewolf gene was triggered. Esther tried to fix it by putting the curse on Klaus so his werewolf nature to stay hidden. The revelation of Klaus being the son of a werewolf hurt their father’s pride and it led him to kill half of the village, including Esther's lover, as well as Esther herself for her betrayal. Rebekah, Klaus and Elijah (Daniel Gillies) buried their mother and promised to stay together always", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 31 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7333643", "chunk_text": "\"Elijah Mundo\"\n\"\"I feel like I signed with the New York Yankees. I feel like I’m wearing pinstripes to work everyday. It’s probably the biggest franchise in all of television right now.\"\" Elijah was a U.S. Marine. He has a daughter named Michelle with his ex-wife, Devon Atwood. In \"\"Kidnapping 2.0\"\", Elijah is first seen playing an arcade game. Elijah travels with Avery, Brody (Shad Moss) and Daniel Krumitz to Baltimore to investigate a missing baby. It then was discovered that they were investigating a baby-trafficking ring. In the climax of the case, when two perps drove their car into a lake,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 32 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20338071", "chunk_text": "\"The Vampire Diaries (season 1)\"\n2010, Brazil on August 26, 2010, and Australia on September 1, 2010. The Vampire Diaries (season 1) \"\"The Vampire Diaries\"\" is an American supernatural horror romance television series created by Kevin Williamson based on the novels of the same name by author L. J. Smith. It was officially picked up for the 2009–10 season on May 19, 2009. It premiered on September 10, 2009, on The CW and received the highest ratings for a series premiere in the networks history scoring 4.91 million live viewers. The series focuses on the fictional town of Mystic Falls, Virginia, that is charged with", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 33 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12713083", "chunk_text": "\"Original Vampires (The Vampire Diaries)\"\nisn't any evidence to support this. However the character was in a small love triangle for couple episodes, but isn't anymore. Original Vampires (The Vampire Diaries) The Original vampires, in the universe of \"\"The Vampire Diaries\"\" and \"\"The Originals\"\", are a family of vampires from which all current vampires descend, as well as being the most powerful and indestructible of their kind. In Autumn 1001 AD, after the death of her youngest son Henrik at the hands of werewolves, the powerful witch Esther performed an occult blood ritual in order to protect her five remaining children—(Finn, Elijah, Niklaus, Kol, and", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 34 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16208724", "chunk_text": "\"Caleb Knight\"\nKent stated that \"\"the arrival of Ethan and Caleb will instantly change the dynamic of the ED. Whilst very different characters, one thing they will have in common is an ability to charm, so expect sparks to fly.\"\" The character made his first on-screen appearance in the series twenty-eight episode \"\"Brothers at Arms\"\", which was broadcast on 18 January 2014. Caleb, commonly referred to by his nickname \"\"Cal\"\", is characterised as a confident and self-assured man with who is played as irresistible to women. A writer from BBC Online described \"\"a sense of a darker, emotionally damaged soul underneath\"\" which", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 35 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4450446", "chunk_text": "\"You're Undead to Me\"\nYou're Undead to Me \"\"You're Undead to Me\"\" is the fifth episode of the first season of The CW television series, \"\"The Vampire Diaries\"\" and the fifth episode of the series overall. It originally aired on October 8, 2009. The episode was written by Sean Reycraft and Gabrielle Stanton and directed by Kevin Bray. Damon (Ian Somerhalder) has been locked up at the basement for three days now, and Stefan (Paul Wesley) checks on him and tries to reeducate him. Stefan also took Damon's ring that protects him from going out to the sun and he warns Zach (Chris William", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 36 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5223169", "chunk_text": "\"Daniel Romalotti\"\n3, 2013. However, Graziadei later reprised the role for four episodes from July 30 to August 2, 2013 to help usher his onscreen mother, Michelle Stafford, out of the series. In July 2016, \"\"Entertainment Weekly\"\" reported at Graziadei will briefly return on August 25, 2016, coinciding with \"\"The Young and the Restless\"\"'s 11,000 episode. Daniel was born off-screen on August 17, 1993; his birth year has since been revised to 1987. Daniel first arrived in Genoa City in 2004 after returning from boarding school to live with his mother, Phyllis Summers. Because she did not raise him as a child,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 37 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12292717", "chunk_text": "\"Edward Cullen\"\nand whose blood smells overwhelmingly sweet to him. Edward fights a growing attraction to Bella, but after saving her life on several occasions, he succumbs and eventually falls in love with her. Edward admits to Bella that he is a vampire, and that although he retains the physical body of a seventeen-year-old, he was actually born on June 20, 1901. His adoptive father, Carlisle Cullen, transformed him into a vampire in 1918 to prevent him from dying in the Spanish influenza epidemic in Chicago, Illinois by the request of Edward's mother who begged him to do whatever it took to", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 38 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18471326", "chunk_text": "\"The Vampire Diaries (season 3)\"\nan injury. She uses vampire blood to cure people and starts dating Alaric. On November 16, 2011, it was announced that Robert Ri'chard was cast as Jamie a new love interest for resident witch Bonnie. On November 22, 2011, it was announced that Daniel Newman was cast as Daniel Warren, appearing in one episode. Australian actor Nathaniel Buzolic has been cast to play Klaus and Elijah's brother Kol and English actor Caspar Zafer has been cast as their other brother Finn. On January 13, 2012, it was announced that Cassidy Freeman was cast as Sage. On March 31, 2012, Sara", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 39 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11520687", "chunk_text": "\"Original Vampires (The Vampire Diaries)\"\nElena's friend and helps with her and her friends' plan to kill Klaus once she found out he killed her mother, but is betrayed, and daggered by Elena, to simplify the Salvatore's plan to killing Klaus. In season three, Klaus makes Elena reveal Rebekah's location, and takes her body with him. She is eventually un-daggered by Elijah. During her time in Mystic Falls, Rebekah enrolls at the local high school, much to the disgust of Elena and her friends. There, she at first makes romantic advances towards Tyler Lockwood, Caroline Forbes' boyfriend. She later develops a fondness for Matt Donovan,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 40 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14775965", "chunk_text": "Elijah\nElijah Elijah (; ; , meaning \"\"My God is Yahweh/YHWH\"\") or latinized form Elias ( ) was, according to the Books of Kings in the Hebrew Bible, a prophet and a miracle worker who lived in the northern kingdom of Israel during the reign of King Ahab (9th century BC). In 1 Kings 18, Elijah defended the worship of the Hebrew God over that of the Canaanite deity Baal. God also performed many miracles through Elijah, including resurrection (raising the dead), bringing fire down from the sky, and entering Heaven alive \"\"by fire\"\". He is also portrayed as leading a", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 41 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18471325", "chunk_text": "\"The Vampire Diaries (season 3)\"\ndaughter has become a monster, but later accepts her. Alice Evans joined the cast as the original witch Esther, Klaus' mother. She was first seen in a flashback in episode eight. Daniel Gillies will also return first appearing in a flashback during episode eight as Klaus' brother, Elijah. Persia White has been cast as Bonnie's mother, Abby Bennett. On November 10, 2011, it was announced that Paul Wesley's wife Torrey DeVitto was cast as Meredith Fell (based off Meredith Sulez from the source novel), a young doctor who is fascinated by Alaric, when she notices how quickly he recovers from", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 42 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15618536", "chunk_text": "Elijah\nthe Messiah. For many Christians this prophecy was fulfilled in the gospels, where he appears during the Transfiguration alongside Moses (). Commentators have said that Moses' appearance represented the law, while Elijah's appearance represented the prophets. The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints believes that Elijah returned on April 3, 1836 in an appearance to Joseph Smith and Oliver Cowdery, fulfilling the prophecy in Malachi. The Bahá'í Faith believes Elijah returned as the biblical prophet John the Baptist and as the Báb who founded the Bábí Faith in 1844. The Nation of Islam believes Elijah returned as Elijah Muhammad,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 43 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14132769", "chunk_text": "\"Original Vampires (The Vampire Diaries)\"\nElijah is trapped in a room with animal heads which represent each brother of the family. To escape, Elijah discovers you must ruin the representation of each other, thus causing him to share with Klaus that he killed Tatia. When Klaus proves he is capable of forgiveness the spell is broken and they are free. Niklaus Mikaelson (more commonly called Klaus) is physically the most powerful immortal supernatural being in \"\"The Vampire Diaries\"\" and \"\"The Originals\"\" universe. He is shown to be cruel, sadistic, ruthless. He's portrayed by British actor Joseph Morgan. After the Original couple moved to the Americas,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 44 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14132757", "chunk_text": "\"Original Vampires (The Vampire Diaries)\"\nbecame hostile. This made Klaus decide to leave the White Oak Ash Dagger in Finn after The Brotherhood of the Five attacked them. However 900 years later, after Elijah un-daggered him, he conspired with Esther to link all the remaining Original Vampires so they could all be destroyed. Finn was responsible for turning the 900-year-old vampire, Sage, with whom he is in love. Sage and Finn reunite shortly before his death. He is killed in the season 3 episode \"\"The Murder of One\"\", when Stefan, Elena and Matt kill him, thinking that it will kill all of the Originals due", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 45 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18672104", "chunk_text": "\"Damon Salvatore\"\nDamon Salvatore Damon Salvatore is a fictional character in \"\"The Vampire Diaries\"\" novel series. He is portrayed by Ian Somerhalder in the television series. Initially, Damon is the main antagonist in the beginning of the show and later became a protagonist. After the first few episodes, Damon begins working alongside his younger brother, Stefan Salvatore, to resist greater threats and gradually Elena begins to consider him a friend. His transition was completed after his younger brother Stefan, who is also a vampire, convinces him to drink blood. Damon thus vows to make his brother's life sorrowful – thus further causing", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 46 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8501271", "chunk_text": "\"Crying Wolf (The Vampire Diaries)\"\nCrying Wolf (The Vampire Diaries) \"\"Crying Wolf\"\" is the 14th episode of the second season of The CW television series \"\"The Vampire Diaries\"\", and the 36th episode of the series overall. It originally aired on February 10, 2011. The episode was written by Brian Young and directed by David Von Ancken. The episode starts with Jules (Michaela McManus) and Brady (Stephen Amell) burning the bodies of the dead werewolves so people will not find them. Another werewolf, Stevie (Erik Stocklin), is also there who informs them that Mason was looking for the moonstone to break the curse of the sun", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 47 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19897554", "chunk_text": "\"The Vampire Diaries (season 2)\"\nfor the moonstone, a family heirloom. Tyler later learns of his family's werewolf curse. Meanwhile, Caroline Forbes (Candice Accola) is killed by Katherine while having Damon Salvatore's (Ian Somerhalder) blood in her system, turning her into a vampire. The arrival of the original vampires, Elijah (Daniel Gillies) and Klaus Mikaelson (Joseph Morgan), also bring about complications. Klaus is a vampire-werewolf hybrid, but his werewolf side had been forced into dormancy by witches, as nature would not stand for such an imbalance in power. Therefore, Klaus arrives in town with plans to break the curse and unleash his werewolf side by", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 48 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6093183", "chunk_text": "\"The Descent (The Vampire Diaries)\"\nThe Descent (The Vampire Diaries) \"\"The Descent\"\" is the 12th episode of the second season of The CW television series, \"\"The Vampire Diaries\"\" and the 34th episode of the series overall. It originally aired on January 27, 2011. The episode was written by Elizabeth Craft and Sarah Fain and directed by Marcos Siega. The episode starts with Jules (Michaela McManus) waking up in the woods next to a camp after the full moon night when she attacked Damon (Ian Somerhalder) and bit Rose (Lauren Cohan). She is surrounded by dead campers who she attacked the previous night and she starts", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 49 } ]
test_3541	who does the voice of nala in the lion king?	n/a	[ "Niketa Calame", "Sally Dworsky", "Moira Kelly", "Laura Williams" ]	[]	n/a	n/a	n/a	[]	[ { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19233810", "chunk_text": "\"Nala (The Lion King)\"\nNala (The Lion King) Nala is a fictional character who appears in Disney's \"\"The\"\" \"\"Lion King\"\" franchise. Introduced in the animated film \"\"The Lion King\"\" in 1994, Nala subsequently appears as a less prominent character in the film's sequels \"\"\"\" (1998) and \"\"The Lion King 1½\"\" (2004), and serves as a recurring character in \"\"The Lion Guard\"\" (2015–). In the original film, the adult Nala is voiced by American actress Moira Kelly. Young Nala's speaking voice is provided by actress Niketa Calame, while singers Laura Williams and Sally Dworsky provide the singing voices of young and adult Nala respectively. Nala", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 0 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9458713", "chunk_text": "\"Nala (The Lion King)\"\nBroadway musical adaptation of the film, first played by singer Heather Headley. The character also appears in the television series \"\"The Lion Guard\"\", with Gabrielle Union replacing Kelly as the voice of Nala. Beyoncé is set to voice the character in the upcoming 2019 remake of the original film directed by Jon Favreau. Screenwriter Linda Woolverton conceived Nala \"\"as part of a gradual progression ... which have driven recent public conversation about what young girls should be able to expect from their cinematic role models.\"\" In early versions of the screenplay, Nala has a younger brother named Mheetu, who enjoys", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 1 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9458721", "chunk_text": "\"Nala (The Lion King)\"\nBecause Nala is a \"\"very straight character\"\", determining what kind of voice she would use for her was not a particularly challenging task. Additionally, the filmmakers would also film Kelly's performances in order to incorporate her own facial expressions into her character's design, the process of which impressed the actress. In her film debut, actress Niketa Calame voices young Nala. According to Calame's official website, Nala remains the actress' \"\"biggest role to date\"\". A classically trained pianist and chorister, Laura Williams provides the singing voice of young Nala, which can be heard in the song \"\"I Just Can't Wait to", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 2 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9458717", "chunk_text": "\"Nala (The Lion King)\"\nmain plot of the film. Ella Ceron of \"\"Thought Catalog\"\" observed that \"\"At [Simba's] return, she's not exactly the friendliest little kitten, either ... but is willing to overlook her own hurt ego in the spirit of their friendship. She believes in Simba, and doesn’t understand why he wouldn’t want to fight for his right to rule.\"\" The speaking voice of adult Nala is provided by American actress Moira Kelly. Kelly learned that Disney was auditioning actresses for the role of Nala from her agent. Despite having not been the directors' first choice for the role, Kelly was allowed to", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 3 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20618807", "chunk_text": "\"The Lion King\"\nNala, but she had not accepted the role yet due to a pregnancy. In April 2017, Billy Eichner and Seth Rogen joined the film as Timon and Pumbaa, respectively. Two months later, John Oliver was cast as Zazu. At the end of July 2017, had reportedly entered final negotiations to play Nala and contribute the soundtrack as well. The following month, Chiwetel Ejiofor entered talks to play Scar. Later on, Alfre Woodard and John Kani joined the film as Sarabi and Rafiki, respectively. On November 1, 2017, and Chiwetel Ejiofor were officially confirmed to voice Nala and Scar with Eric", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 4 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13749589", "chunk_text": "\"Nala (The Lion King)\"\nLion King\"\", which is expected to be released in July 19, 2019. The same day Shahadi Wright Joseph was cast as young Nala in the film. In the Broadway musical adaptation of \"\"The Lion King\"\", the role of Nala was originated by Trinidadian-American singer Heather Headley. Her Broadway debut, at first auditioning for the role proved a challenge for the singer due to her \"\"Ragtime\"\" contract, which her agent was eventually successful in getting her released from. Director Julie Taymor felt that Nala's journey in the film was underdeveloped and among the story's weaker elements, and thus decided to \"\"strengthen\"\"", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 5 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9458719", "chunk_text": "\"Nala (The Lion King)\"\nhad already begun recording alongside another actress who had been cast as Nala before that actress was replaced with Kelly. Broderick was not informed that his original co-star had been recast, and only learned that Nala was voiced by Kelly at the film's premiere. The film's entire recording process took approximately three years to complete, during which Kelly's sessions were held in both the United States and Canada, while her co-stars Broderick and Jeremy Irons, voice of Scar, were recording in the United States and England, respectively. Each main cast member recorded their dialogue separately, which took Kelly some time", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 6 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19233818", "chunk_text": "\"Nala (The Lion King)\"\naudition because the filmmakers were interested in hearing different voices at the time. Kelly believes the directors had been searching for a specific \"\"quality of voice ... a sort of authoritative voice but with a lot of warmth\"\" to compliment Nala's sensible yet nurturing personality. After attending a series of callbacks, during which Kelly returned to Disney several times to re-read the character's lines, Kelly was selected as one of two finalists. Kelly would not officially be offered the part until several months after her audition; Disney's first choice for the role remains undisclosed. Actor Matthew Broderick, voice of Simba,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 7 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15529429", "chunk_text": "\"Kissy Simmons\"\nKissy Simmons Kissy Simmons is an American actress. \"\"Kissy\"\" is short for Kissimmee, the Floridian city near Orlando about 80 miles from Floral City where she was born. She is best known for playing Nala in the Broadway production of \"\"The Lion King\"\" and as of 2011 is reprising the role in the Las Vegas production at Mandalay Bay beginning May 5, 2009. Simmons was state high-jump champion at Citrus High School in Florida, and attended the University of South Florida on a full track scholarship. She received a BA in speech communications before going on to a successful modeling", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 8 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13749587", "chunk_text": "\"Nala (The Lion King)\"\nend of the film, Nala gains Kovu as her son-in-law after he marries Kiara. In \"\"The Lion King 1½\"\" (2004), which focuses instead on Timon and Pumbaa's friendship, Nala's role is virtually identical to that of her appearance in \"\"The Lion King\"\" because filmmakers reused most of the character's footage from the first film. Nala didn't appear in an episode of \"\"Timon & Pumbaa\"\", despite that she is the queen at that time. Voiced by actress Gabrielle Union, Nala reprises her role as Queen of the Pride Lands in the television series \"\"The Lion Guard\"\", the 2016 premiere of which", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 9 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9458725", "chunk_text": "\"Nala (The Lion King)\"\nvoice of adult Nala.\"\" A straight woman character, Kelly described Nala as a sensible and nurturing yet authoritative character, while Amber Leab of Bitch Flicks described her as strong, independent and intelligent. According to Oh My Disney, Nala serves as \"\"the proverbial glue that keeps \"\"The Lion King\"\" together\"\", from whose perspective the audience watches the film because she \"\"says EXACTLY what we’re thinking\"\". Occupying the role of the film's female lead, Nala is \"\"The Lion King\"\"'s most important female character, who contributes to the film's \"\"small romance element\"\". Often identified as the film's deuteragonist, Taylor Orci of \"\"The Atlantic\"\"", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 10 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9458722", "chunk_text": "\"Nala (The Lion King)\"\nBe King\"\"; the singer was 15 years old at the time. Meanwhile, singer-songwriter Sally Dworsky provides the singing voice of adult Nala, which is heard during the song \"\"Can You Feel the Love Tonight\"\". The lyrics of the film's love theme, \"\"Can You Feel the Love Tonight\"\", were re-written approximately 15 times, according to lyricist Tim Rice, who wrote the song alongside composer Elton John. At one point, the producers wanted the song to be a comical duet performed by supporting characters Timon and Pumbaa, despite the fact that John had originally composed the song with Nala and Simba in", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 11 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9458724", "chunk_text": "\"Nala (The Lion King)\"\nfootage from the first film was simply reused accordingly. Elton John's official website cites Kelly among the film's cast of actors who \"\"would grace any red carpet.\"\" Kelly's performance as Nala is responsible for introducing the actress to a younger audience. Previously, she had been better known for appearing in more adult-oriented live-action films at that time. In 2011, Kelly revealed that fans of the film rarely recognize her speaking voice as the voice of Nala, although Robert DeSalvo of NextMovie.com claims that the actress \"\"has a ... distinctive voice that \"\"The Lion King\"\" fans will instantly recognize as the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 12 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15529431", "chunk_text": "\"Kissy Simmons\"\ninvitation came personally from The First Lady Laura Bush, who saw the show during its Kennedy Center engagement. Kissy Simmons Kissy Simmons is an American actress. \"\"Kissy\"\" is short for Kissimmee, the Floridian city near Orlando about 80 miles from Floral City where she was born. She is best known for playing Nala in the Broadway production of \"\"The Lion King\"\" and as of 2011 is reprising the role in the Las Vegas production at Mandalay Bay beginning May 5, 2009. Simmons was state high-jump champion at Citrus High School in Florida, and attended the University of South Florida on", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 13 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13749588", "chunk_text": "\"Nala (The Lion King)\"\nwas preceded by the made-for-television film \"\"\"\" (2015). Set within the time gap in \"\"The Lion King II: Simba's Pride\"\", the show revolves around Nala and Simba's son Kion who, being their second-born cub after Kiara, has been tasked with forming the next Lion Guard, a group responsible for protecting the Pride Lands. Although a fan of the \"\"Lion King\"\" franchise, Union avoided watching previous \"\"Lion King\"\" films in preparation for the role because she wanted to \"\"put [her] own stamp\"\" on the character. On November 1, 2017, it was confirmed that would voice adult Nala in Jon Favreau's \"\"The", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 14 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7434015", "chunk_text": "\"Shadowland (The Lion King)\"\nimbuing \"\"Shadowland\"\" with themes of refugeeism and survival. Originally performed and recorded by Trinidadian-American singer and actress Heather Headley as the lioness Nala, and South African actress Tsidii Le Loka as the baboon Rafiki, roles that both performers originated in the stage production, \"\"Shadowland\"\" narrates Nala's decision to leave the Pride Lands in search of a more fertile, habitable environment upon realizing that her homeland has been turned dry and barren in the midst of Scar's reign. Taking place shortly after Nala rejects Scar's romantic advances, the song was used by director Julie Taymor to develop Nala into a stronger", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 15 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4525620", "chunk_text": "\"India Scandrick\"\nUniversity. She was the first African American girl to play Little Orphan Annie, and also had a supporting role in the telemovie, \"\"Life Is Not a Fairy Tale\"\". She has recorded her first single \"\"Wrong Move\"\" produced by Producer Lil' Ronnie. India Scandrick India Scandrick is an American Broadway actress and one of two girls who landed the role as young Nala in the Broadway musical \"\"The Lion King\"\".The experience was a hallmark in a career that spans 11 years. Her resume is thick with experiences, including television acting roles in Tyler Perry’s “House of Payne,” “Disney 365” and Fox", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 16 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13749596", "chunk_text": "\"Nala (The Lion King)\"\nalso ranked Nala eighth on the website's \"\"Definitive Ranking of Disney Cats\"\" list. In a 2014 interview, actor Eddie Redmayne admitted that Nala was his first \"\"celebrity crush\"\", having been specifically attracted to the character's \"\"sweet\"\" face and singing voice, referring to the experience as his \"\"sexual awakening\"\". Nala (The Lion King) Nala is a fictional character who appears in Disney's \"\"The\"\" \"\"Lion King\"\" franchise. Introduced in the animated film \"\"The Lion King\"\" in 1994, Nala subsequently appears as a less prominent character in the film's sequels \"\"\"\" (1998) and \"\"The Lion King 1½\"\" (2004), and serves as a recurring", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 17 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "694300", "chunk_text": "\"The Lion King\"\nFor the hyenas, the original intention was to reunite Cheech & Chong, but while Cheech Marin accepted to play Banzai, Tommy Chong was unavailable. Thus his role was changed into a female hyena, Shenzi, who was voiced by Whoopi Goldberg. Matthew Broderick was cast as adult Simba early during production, and during the three years of voice acting only recorded with another actor once, and only discovered Moira Kelly voiced Nala at the premiere. English actors Tim Curry and Malcolm McDowell were originally considered for the role of Scar, however, Curry left the role due to \"\"\"\", and it was", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 18 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4525619", "chunk_text": "\"India Scandrick\"\nIndia Scandrick India Scandrick is an American Broadway actress and one of two girls who landed the role as young Nala in the Broadway musical \"\"The Lion King\"\".The experience was a hallmark in a career that spans 11 years. Her resume is thick with experiences, including television acting roles in Tyler Perry’s “House of Payne,” “Disney 365” and Fox tv Sleepy Hollow She also has appeared in films such as “The Greening of Whitney Brown” and other musicals like “A Christmas Carol” and “The Wiz.” The actress continues to stay busy these days.Shes a Theatre Arts Major at Clark Atlanta", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 19 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13852334", "chunk_text": "\"Shannon Tavarez\"\nShannon Tavarez Shannon Skye Tavarez (January 20, 1999 – November 1, 2010) was an American child actress and singer. She appeared in the Broadway theatre production of \"\"The Lion King\"\" by Walt Disney Theatrical, where she played the role of the young lion cub Nala. Tavarez was a resident of Bellerose, Queens, New York City, and attended P.S. 176. Cambria Heights She was chosen to play the role of Nala after a cattle call audition in 2008 at the Apollo Theater. She became one of two girls who split the role, with each girl performing four shows weekly. Several months", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 20 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13749595", "chunk_text": "\"Nala (The Lion King)\"\nacclaim. Writing for \"\"The Washington Post\"\", Desson Howe hailed Kelly's voice acting as \"\"terrific.\"\" Jeremy Gerard of \"\"Variety\"\" commended Kelly for voicing the character \"\"beautifully\"\". PopSugar ranked Kelly among the website's \"\"Favorite Animated Voices\"\", writing, \"\"there are a lot of great voices in Disney's \"\"The Lion King\"\" ... but Moira Kelly has a unique quality to her voice, and I remember reveling in it as a youngster anytime the adult Nala was on the screen.\"\" Official Disney Blogs published an article entitled \"\"We All Thought it… But Nala Actually Said It\"\", which cites the character's most revered quotes. The blog", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 21 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5958583", "chunk_text": "\"Vanessa White\"\nVanessa White Vanessa Karen White (born 30 October 1989) is an English singer-songwriter, dancer and actress. White rose to fame in 2008 as a singer in the girl band The Saturdays, who are signed to Fascination and Polydor Records. She is signed to \"\"Salute The Sun\"\" as a solo artist. White began her career as a theatre actress at an early age, appearing in several West End productions. She played Young Nala in \"\"The Lion King\"\" and between 2000 and 2002, she was cast as one of the King's daughters in \"\"The King and I\"\". White successfully auditioned for The", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 22 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19233816", "chunk_text": "\"Nala (The Lion King)\"\nage difference between Nala and Scar. Nala means \"\"gift\"\" in Swahili. The character has a mother, whose name is never mentioned in the film; however, she is credited as Sarafina during the film's end credits. Candice Russel of the \"\"Sun-Sentinel\"\" believes that Nala contributes to the film's love story – \"\"an indispensable factor in Disney cartoon features\"\" – in addition to convincing Simba to return to Pride Rock. It has been observed that, unlike Disney's three previous animated efforts (\"\"The Little Mermaid\"\" (1989), \"\"Beauty and the Beast\"\" (1991) and \"\"Aladdin\"\" (1992), the romantic relationship between Nala and Simba is not", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 23 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13749594", "chunk_text": "\"Nala (The Lion King)\"\npositive reviews as well. Sara Franks-Allen of ScreenCrush wrote that \"\"If being a Disney princess is about being a good role model for little girls, then Nala has a lot in her favor\"\", elaborating, \"\"She's strong enough to take down Simba, ventures out on her own to find help for her pride and calls Simba out for ignoring his responsibilities.\"\" Meanwhile, Ella Ceron of \"\"Thought Catalog\"\" ranked Nala 14th on her list of \"\"The 16 Most Awesome Female Characters From Disney Movies\"\". Responsible for introducing the seasoned actress to a younger audience, Kelly's vocal performance as Nala has garnered critical", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 24 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9458723", "chunk_text": "\"Nala (The Lion King)\"\nmind. However, John lobbied in favor of \"\"Can You Feel the Love Tonight\"\" being a love song performed as a duet by Nala and Simba, with which the filmmakers ultimately agreed. When asked by Disney if she was interested in reprising her role as Nala in \"\"The Lion King II: Simba's Pride\"\", Kelly immediately accepted, joking, \"\"Sure, you wanna do a third, fourth, fifth? I'm right there\"\". In the case of \"\"The Lion King \"\"1½, it took the actress only a few days to record her character's dialogue due to Nala's comparatively smaller role in the film; much of Nala's", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 25 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3843736", "chunk_text": "\"Diamond White (singer)\"\nDiamond White (singer) Diamond White is an American singer, and actress who, in 2007, starred in a Chicago-based production of \"\"The Color Purple\"\" that also toured nationally. She voices Frankie Greene in \"\",\"\" Fuli on the Disney Junior series \"\"The Lion Guard,\"\" and has had cameo appearances on \"\"The Haunted Hathaways\"\" and \"\"Sofia the First\"\" and a recurring role on \"\"Phineas and Ferb.\"\" In 2012, she was a contestant on the second season of the American version of \"\"The X Factor,\"\" finishing in fifth place. White was born in Detroit, Michigan. She played Young Nala in Disney's \"\"The Lion King\"\"", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 26 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15608243", "chunk_text": "\"Brandi Chavonne Massey\"\nBrandi Chavonne Massey Brandi Chavonne Massey is an American stage actress and singer. She graduated from The School for Creative and Performing Arts in Cincinnati, Ohio. She made her Broadway debut in the 1997 production of \"\"Jekyll and Hyde.\"\" Since then, Massey has starred in the Broadway productions of \"\"Caroline, or Change\"\" (as \"\"The Radio\"\") and \"\"Wicked\"\" (as an ensemble member, understudying the role of Elphaba). She also worked in \"\"The Lion King\"\"'s London production as the lioness Nala from 2002 to 2003. She has performed the role of Elphaba numerous times. Her Off-Broadway credits include: \"\"Ghetto Superstar\"\", \"\"Carmen Jones\"\",", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 27 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10247790", "chunk_text": "\"The Lion King (2019 film)\"\nantagonistic performance as Baron Mordo in \"\"Doctor Strange\"\" (2016). Other stars Eric Andre, Florence Kasumba, and Keegan-Michael Key will be the voices of Azizi, Shenzi and Kamari while JD McCrary and Shahadi Wright Joseph will be the voices of young Simba and young Nala, respectively. In November 2018, Amy Sedaris was announced as having been cast in a role created for the film. Production on the film commenced in mid-2017 in Los Angeles, California, utilizing \"\"virtual-reality tools\"\", per Visual Effects Supervisor Rob Legato. Virtual Production Supervisor Girish Balakrishnan said on his professional website that the filmmakers used motion capture and", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 28 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2258477", "chunk_text": "\"Beyoncé\"\nalbum-equivalent units, of which 70,000 were pure album sales. In film, Beyoncé will voice Nala in Jon Favreau's \"\"The Lion King\"\", which is expected to be released on July 19, 2019. Jody Rosen highlights her tone and timbre as particularly distinctive, describing her voice as \"\"one of the most compelling instruments in popular music\"\". Her vocal abilities mean she is identified as the centerpiece of Destiny's Child. Jon Pareles of \"\"The New York Times\"\" commented that her voice is \"\"velvety yet tart, with an insistent flutter and reserves of soul belting\"\". Rosen notes that the hip hop era highly influenced", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 29 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10247789", "chunk_text": "\"The Lion King (2019 film)\"\nplay Timon and Pumbaa respectively. In July 2017, John Oliver was cast as Zazu. In August 2017, Alfre Woodard and John Kani were announced to play Sarabi and Rafiki, respectively. Earlier in March 2017, it was announced that Beyoncé was Favreau's top choice for the role of Nala and that the director and studio would be willing to do whatever it took to accommodate her busy schedule. Later on November 1, 2017, her role was confirmed in an official announcement, which also confirmed that Chiwetel Ejiofor would play the role of Scar as he had impressed Favreau after watching his", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 30 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7434021", "chunk_text": "\"Shadowland (The Lion King)\"\nmusic that \"\"has a narrative force of its own\"\", via which \"\"Nala's feelings are transmitted\"\". Calling the ballad \"\"extraordinary\"\", Taymor identified \"\"Shadowland\"\" as one of her favorite songs in the musical, after \"\"Circle of Life\"\", and continues to get emotional when she hears it. In addition to originating the role of Nala, Trinidadian-American singer and actress Heather Headley recorded \"\"Shadowland\"\" for \"\"\"\". In the musical, \"\"Shadowland\"\" is performed by Nala before she leaves the Pride Lands in search of a better land once she realizes she can no longer tolerate her current circumstances and continue to live under Scar's treacherous", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 31 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18559694", "chunk_text": "\"Heather Headley\"\nher second son Jordan Chase August 18, 2014. She regularly performs with Vertical Church Band, the worship team from Harvest Bible Chapel. She is featured in their song \"\"How Great Is The Love\"\" and \"\"All Glory\"\". In 1997, she originated the role of Nala in \"\"The Lion King\"\", the Broadway musical. Headley's performance was well received, and she then originated the title role in the Broadway adaptation of \"\"Aida\"\", earning the Tony Award for Best Actress in 2000. In 1999, she appeared in the Encores! production of \"\"Do Re Mi\"\", with Nathan Lane, Randy Graff, and Brian Stokes Mitchell. She", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 32 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12587228", "chunk_text": "\"Alexia Khadime\"\nAlexia Khadime Alexia Khadime (born 9 June 1983) is an English actress and mezzo-soprano, known for her roles in British musical theatre and television. She was born in London to a white mother and a Nigerian father. Khadime made her first appearance on the stage in 1999, when she appeared in \"\"Cinderella\"\" at the Hackney Empire, and the following year, she took part in the UK Tour of \"\"Leader of the Pack\"\". She made her West End debut aged 17, appearing as part of the ensemble in \"\"The Lion King\"\" in 2001, additionally providing cover for the role of \"\"Nala\"\".", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 33 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14625625", "chunk_text": "\"Shadowland (The Lion King)\"\nCrawford covered the song in a medley of songs from \"\"The Lion King\"\". In 2016, Simmons performed the song live on the Disney Wonder cruise ship as part of the Disney Theatrical Group's \"\"Stars Set Sail\"\" live concert series. After Disney announced that singer Beyoncé had been cast as Nala in John Favreau's upcoming live-action remake of \"\"The Lion King\"\" in November 2017, fans started hoping Beyoncé would be recording a version of \"\"Shadowland\"\" for the film. WLCK's Ray Cornelius speculated, \"\"While this tune was not in the original movie, I’m sure the film’s producers will make an exception and", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 34 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3075384", "chunk_text": "\"Moira Kelly\"\nintentions were true and I wasn't doing it for the notoriety or the money.\"\" She has since appeared in the movies \"\"With Honors\"\", \"\"Little Odessa\"\", \"\"The Tie That Binds\"\" and \"\"Dangerous Beauty\"\" amongst others, and provided the adult voice of Nala in Disney's \"\"The Lion King\"\", \"\"\"\", and \"\"The Lion King 1½\"\". In her independent film career, Kelly had the starring role of activist Dorothy Day in \"\"\"\" and starred alongside Glenn Close in \"\"The Safety of Objects\"\". She played Helen Keller in the made-for-TV movie \"\"Monday After the Miracle\"\", which broadcast on November 15, 1998, on CBS. Kelly starred", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 35 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7400675", "chunk_text": "\"Can You Feel the Love Tonight\"\nto be sung this time only by Timon and Pumbaa, but Elton John disliked the comical nature of the concept. John declared that \"\"Can You Feel the Love Tonight\"\" was meant to follow \"\"Disney's tradition of great love songs\"\", and that it could \"\"express the lions' feelings for each other far better than dialogue could\"\". The final result was the song mainly sung by an off-screen voice (Kristle Edwards) with short lines from Simba (Joseph Williams) and Nala (Sally Dworsky), and the beginning and end parts by Timon (Nathan Lane) and Pumbaa (Ernie Sabella). It also included Zulu vocals that,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 36 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18656959", "chunk_text": "\"Kimberley Chen\"\nKimberley Chen Kimberley Chen (born 23 May 1994) is an Australian singer, actress and model based in Taiwan. She attended Tintern Grammar in Melbourne, Australia. She was the youngest and only child model on the Channel 9's \"\"The Price Is Right\"\" and later appeared as Young Nala in Disney's \"\"Lion King\"\" at the Regent Theatre in Melbourne as well as the Shanghai Grand Theater in Shanghai. She is now a professional singer in Taiwan, singing both English and Mandarin songs. Her debut album has been a commercial success and her debut song \"\"愛你\"\" (Love You) has more than 90,000,000 views", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 37 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5485528", "chunk_text": "\"Tajja Isen\"\nNala in a Toronto production of Disney's \"\"The Lion King\"\" and was nominated for an Equity Emerging Artist Award for that role. Since 2008, she has been working on releasing her first solo album. She cites Tori Amos, Kate Bush and Paul McCartney as some of her influences. She has a younger sister Nissae Isen who is also a voice actress. Tajja Isen Tajja Isen (born June 29, 1991 in Toronto, Ontario, Canada) is a Canadian actress and singer-songwriter best known for voicing the title character in the television series \"\"Atomic Betty.\"\" She has several other voice credits, including the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 38 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19233812", "chunk_text": "\"Nala (The Lion King)\"\nson named Kion, who serves as the protagonist of \"\"The Lion Guard\"\" Nala is the most significant female character in \"\"The Lion King\"\". As the film was inspired by William Shakespeare's tragedy \"\"Hamlet\"\", Nala is considered to be \"\"The Lion King\"\"'s equivalent of Hamlet's love interest Ophelia, although differences remain between the two characters. Many early concepts first developed for Nala were eventually abandoned, including a brother and father for the character, as well as her being romantically pursued by Scar. While critical reception towards Nala has been generally mixed, Kelly's vocal performance has been praised. Nala appears in the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 39 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9458720", "chunk_text": "\"Nala (The Lion King)\"\nto get used to because she had grown accustomed to working with several other actors at a time on the sets of her live-action films. For \"\"The Lion King\"\", a director would often take the place of another actor for Kelly to act opposite of. Vocally, Kelly decided to approach the role as though she were reading to a child, explaining, \"\"it's kind of fun to play with different voices and try to color the lines for the child so they can imagine it more fully\"\", which she admitted is different than how the actress would approach a live-action role.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 40 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "694303", "chunk_text": "\"The Lion King\"\nin California and in Florida, were responsible for establishing the personalities and setting the tone for the film's main characters. The animation leads for the main characters included Mark Henn on young Simba, Ruben A. Aquino on adult Simba, Andreas Deja on Scar, Aaron Blaise on young Nala, Anthony DeRosa on adult Nala, and Tony Fucile on Mufasa. Nearly 20 minutes of the film, including the \"\"I Just Can't Wait to Be King\"\" sequence, were animated at the Disney-MGM Studios facility. More than 600 artists, animators, and technicians contributed to \"\"The Lion King\"\". Weeks before the film was to be", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 41 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17482372", "chunk_text": "\"Moira Kelly\"\nMoira Kelly Moira Kelly (born March 6, 1968) is an American actress. She is best known for portraying Kate Moseley in the 1992 film \"\"The Cutting Edge\"\", as well as single mother Karen Roe on the teen drama \"\"One Tree Hill\"\". She is also known for playing the role of Donna Hayward in \"\"\"\", replacing Lara Flynn Boyle in the prequel to the 1990 TV series \"\"Twin Peaks\"\". Other roles include Dorothy Day in \"\"\"\", White House media consultant Mandy Hampton in the first season of \"\"The West Wing\"\", and the voice of Simba's love interest Nala in \"\"The Lion", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 42 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13749580", "chunk_text": "\"Nala (The Lion King)\"\nstill ends up constrained by this plot device\"\", accusing the film of depicting women as weak. Alongside Faline from \"\"Bambi\"\" (1942) and Maid Marian from \"\"Robin Hood\"\" (1973) added, Nala belongs to a trio of Disney heroines who, after having been separated from their love interests for several years, eventually reunite with them. Stephens believes that Nala and Simba's separation allows the characters to fall in love \"\"properly\"\" upon reuniting as young adults. Because \"\"The Lion King\"\" is loosely based on William Shakespeare's tragedy \"\"Hamlet\"\", Nala is considered to be the film's \"\"representative\"\" of the \"\"Hamlet\"\" character Ophelia, Hamlet's love", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 43 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10816683", "chunk_text": "\"I Just Can't Wait to Be King\"\nI Just Can't Wait to Be King \"\"I Just Can't Wait to Be King\"\" is a song from Disney's 1994 animated film, \"\"The Lion King\"\". With music by Elton John and lyrics by Tim Rice, the song is performed by the characters of Simba (Jason Weaver), Nala (Laura Williams) and Zazu (Rowan Atkinson) in the film. The song was written for the 1994 film \"\"The Lion King\"\". The song is about the naive desire to do whatever you want once you assume a form of power, or reach the age of majority. However, often when you achieve your goals, you", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 44 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16696909", "chunk_text": "\"Estella Daniels\"\nEstella Daniels Estella Daniels is an English actress and dancer, best known for her role as Nala in Sinbad. Daniels has worked extensively in theatre, performing in Racing Demon (play) at the Crucible Theatre in Sheffield, \"\"Iya Ile\"\" at the Soho Theatre and \"\"Festa\"\" at the Young Vic. In 2011, Sky1 announced that Daniels would play Nala in the television drama \"\"Sinbad\"\" opposite Elliot Knight and Marama Corlett. Daniels also appeared in \"\"Da Vinci's Demons\"\" in 2013, as well as the second season of \"\"Death in Paradise\"\". Prior to filming Sinbad, Daniels could not swim. She took an intensive swimming", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 45 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6453154", "chunk_text": "\"Alex Cartana\"\nhalt and never fully materialised. And she consequently decided to focus her attention on other ventures. In 2015, Cartañá became involved with Disney Junior's animated series \"\"The Lion Guard\"\", based on Disney's 1994 film \"\"The Lion King\"\". She sings backing vocals on all of the songs on the show, including lead vocals for the song \"\"Trail to Hope\"\". She also voices the character Twiga the giraffe, whose first appearance was singing the lead vocals for the song \"\"Kupatana Community\"\". Alex Cartana Alex Cartañá (born Alexandra Rosamund Cartañá-Marks, 7 April 1983) is a British singer-songwriter and actress of Spanish origin. Cartañá", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 46 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13749590", "chunk_text": "\"Nala (The Lion King)\"\nthe character's narrative for Broadway. Her role in the musical remains the same as the film except for a scene where during the song \"\"The Madness of King Scar\"\", Nala comes to Scar to urge him to do something about the drought in the Pride Lands, only for Scar to try and seduce her into becoming his queen and mother of his children. Nala refuses since she's already been betrothed to Simba, prince of the Pride Lands as an infant by their parents, Sarafina, Mufasa and Sarabi and flees the Pride Lands to find help. Critical reception towards Nala has", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 47 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14446011", "chunk_text": "\"Renée Elise Goldsberry\"\nRenée Elise Goldsberry Renée Elise Goldsberry (born January 2, 1971) is an American actress, singer and songwriter, known for originating the role of Angelica Schuyler in the Broadway musical \"\"Hamilton\"\", for which she won the 2016 Tony Award for Best Featured Actress in a Musical. Her other Broadway credits include Nettie Harris in the original Broadway cast of \"\"The Color Purple\"\", Mimi Márquez in \"\"Rent\"\", and Nala in \"\"The Lion King\"\". She has portrayed many roles on television, including Geneva Pine on \"\"The Good Wife\"\", and Evangeline Williamson on \"\"One Life to Live\"\", for which she received two Daytime Emmy", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 48 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13653232", "chunk_text": "\"Madina Nalwanga\"\nMadina Nalwanga Madina Nalwanga (born in 2002) is a Ugandan actress. She became famous for her lead role Phiona in Disney's Queen of Katwe. The film depicts the life of Phiona Mutesi, a Ugandan girl living in a slum in Katwe who learns to play chess and becomes a Woman Candidate Master. For her role in the film, she won most promising actor award at 2017 Africa Movie Academy Awards in Lagos, Nigeria. She also won an NAACP Image Award, a Women Film Critics Circle Award, and was nominated for a Critic's Choice Award. Madina was born in the poor", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 49 } ]
test_3542	who sings god gave rock and roll to you?	n/a	[ "the British band Argent", "Petra", "Kiss" ]	[]	n/a	n/a	n/a	[]	[ { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8435791", "chunk_text": "\"God Gave Rock and Roll to You\"\nGod Gave Rock and Roll to You \"\"God Gave Rock and Roll to You\"\" is a 1973 song by the British band Argent and covered by both Petra, in 1977 and 1984, and Kiss in 1991, both with modified lyrics. Argent recorded the song in 1971 during the sessions for their album \"\"All Together Now\"\", but it originally did not appear as an album track until 1973's \"\"In Deep\"\", and was released as a successful single at that time. The 1997 CD re-release of \"\"All Together Now\"\" has the track included as a bonus. The original lyrics include a reference", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 0 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11804901", "chunk_text": "\"God Gave Rock and Roll to You\"\nunder the title \"\"Final Solo\"\". \"\"God Gave Rock and Roll to You II\"\" would also be included on the Kiss album \"\"Alive III\"\", which was released in 1993. God Gave Rock and Roll to You \"\"God Gave Rock and Roll to You\"\" is a 1973 song by the British band Argent and covered by both Petra, in 1977 and 1984, and Kiss in 1991, both with modified lyrics. Argent recorded the song in 1971 during the sessions for their album \"\"All Together Now\"\", but it originally did not appear as an album track until 1973's \"\"In Deep\"\", and was released", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 1 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11804894", "chunk_text": "\"God Gave Rock and Roll to You\"\nto British pop singer Cliff Richard, known for his Christianity. The Christian rock band Petra first released a cover version of the song in their 1977 album \"\"Come and Join Us\"\". This version had modified lyrics in the verses from the Argent original, while the chorus remained largely unchanged. Petra then re-recorded and released a somewhat updated version for their 1984 album \"\"Beat the System\"\". In 1989, the British band the Truth released a version. In 1991, the song was notably covered by Kiss under the title \"\"God Gave Rock 'N' Roll to You II\"\". This version's lyrics and arrangement", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 2 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11804896", "chunk_text": "\"God Gave Rock and Roll to You\"\n\"\"Revenge\"\". Though the power ballad covered the original Argent 1973 version \"\"God Gave Rock and Roll to You\"\", it had substantially modified lyrics in the verses, thus the reason behind the slight change in the name of the song. It is one of the few songs from Kiss's non-makeup era to be played live since the band returned to makeup. It was the last Kiss song to feature longtime drummer Eric Carr before his death three months later after it was released as a single. Although he was too ill to play drums on the track, he is featured on", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 3 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11804900", "chunk_text": "\"God Gave Rock and Roll to You\"\na big hit for the band in many parts of the world, including making the Top Ten in the United Kingdom and Germany. It reached number 21 on \"\"Billboard'\"\"s Hot Mainstream Rock Tracks chart in the US, as well as its video receiving heavy rotation on music television channels. The version released as a single and on the soundtrack to \"\"Bill & Ted's Bogus Journey\"\" differs slightly from that played in the film. In the film, a 40-second guitar solo is played by Steve Vai. It was later included on Steve Vai's album \"\"The Elusive Light and Sound, Vol. 1\"\"", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 4 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17181816", "chunk_text": "\"Argent (band)\"\nArgent (band) Argent was an English rock band founded in 1969 by keyboardist Rod Argent, formerly of The Zombies. They were best known for their songs \"\"Hold Your Head Up\"\" and \"\"God Gave Rock and Roll to You\"\". Original members of the band were Rod Argent on keyboards, bassist Jim Rodford (Argent's cousin and formerly with the Mike Cotton Sound), drummer Bob Henrit and guitarist Russ Ballard (both formerly with The Roulettes and Unit 4 + 2). Lead vocal duties were shared between Ballard, Rodford and Argent. The first three demos from Argent, recorded in the autumn of 1968 featured", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 5 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15595474", "chunk_text": "\"God Gave Rock and Roll to You\"\nband playing in a hangar at Van Nuys Airport with flashbacks of Simmons and Stanley and their old bandmates Peter Criss and Ace Frehley during the make-up era of Kiss's heyday. There were no prominent clips of Carr during the make-up years featured in the video, even though he was a part of that era for three-and-a-half-years. During the \"\"\"\" special aired on VH1 classic, Gene Simmons has stated that, \"\"It's not just a cover song for a soundtrack, but a testament to Eric Carr, and I think a lot of people don't realize that.\"\" The song proved to be", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 6 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8435796", "chunk_text": "\"God Gave Rock and Roll to You\"\nbacking vocals during the a cappella break, singing the repeated line \"\"\"\"...to everyone, he gave a song to be sung\"\"\"\", as well as performing drums during the video for the song. The drum tracks were recorded by Eric Singer, who would become Kiss' full-time drummer, following Carr's death. The single was also the first to feature Gene Simmons and Paul Stanley sharing lead vocals since \"\"I\"\" from 1981's \"\"Music from \"\"The Elder\"\"\"\". The video was filmed in Los Angeles, California, in July 1991 and was directed by Mark Rezyka. The video was edited by Scott C. Wilson. It features the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 7 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17181822", "chunk_text": "\"Argent (band)\"\nGave Rock and Roll to You\"\", written by Russ Ballard, which was covered by Kiss in 1991 under the name \"\"God Gave Rock 'n' Roll to You II\"\", and featured prominently at the end of the film \"\"Bill & Ted's Bogus Journey\"\". The song also became a Contemporary Christian rock anthem and was twice covered by the Christian Rock band Petra, in 1977 (on the album \"\"Come and Join Us\"\") and again in 1984 (on the album \"\"Beat the System\"\"), with new verses. Some of Ballard's compositions became hits when they were covered by other artists, including Rainbow (\"\"Since You", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 8 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18516094", "chunk_text": "\"Rock and Roll (I Gave You the Best Years of My Life)\"\nRock and Roll (I Gave You the Best Years of My Life) \"\"Rock and Roll (I Gave You the Best Years of My Life)\"\" is a 1973 song written and originally performed by Australian singer Kevin Johnson, most famously covered by American singer Mac Davis. Johnson's version reached number four in Australia. The guitar solo in Johnson's version was played by Rory O'Donoghue. In Australia, the UK and Ireland, it was only Johnson's original version which charted. In Canada, Terry Jacks got it into the charts. No version of the song charted in New Zealand, even though the country's very", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 9 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9892268", "chunk_text": "\"Russ Ballard\"\n\"\"Voices\"\" stalled below the Billboard Hot 100, peaking at No. 110. Another song from the same album, \"\"In the Night\"\" was featured in the episode \"\"Calderone's Return: Part 1 – The Hit List\"\". The show also featured \"\"Your Time Is Gonna Come\"\" by Ballard later in its run. \"\"The Fire Still Burns\"\", the title track of his 1985 album attained No. 15 on the Hot Mainstream Rock Tracks chart. In addition to KISS covering \"\"God Gave Rock and Roll to You\"\", retitled as \"\"God Gave Rock 'n' Roll to You II\"\": Russ Ballard Russell Glyn Ballard (31 October 1945) is", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 10 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11124957", "chunk_text": "\"Come and Join Us\"\nbecame the band's full-time singer. Bob Hartman wanted to title the album \"\"God Gave Rock and Roll to You\"\", after one of the songs. This song was written by Russ Ballard for his band Argent, and later became a rock music anthem, covered by other bands like KISS (1991) and Bride (1993). However, Myrrh Records deemed it to be inappropriate and forced Hartman to change the title. Petra would cover that song again in 1984 on their seventh album, \"\"Beat the System\"\". Another drawback for Hartman was the exclusion of the song \"\"Killing My Old Man\"\". It was recorded for", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 11 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10550034", "chunk_text": "\"In Deep (Argent album)\"\nIn Deep (Argent album) In Deep is the fourth studio album by Argent, originally released by Epic Records in 1973. It features the original full-length recording of \"\"God Gave Rock and Roll to You\"\", which reached No. 18 in the UK charts (U.S. No. 114) when released in edited form as a single later the same year. It was later remade by Kiss as \"\"God Gave Rock 'n' Roll to You II\"\" for the film \"\"Bill & Ted's Bogus Journey\"\" in 1991. The title, as a phrase, has several meanings, such as being \"\"in (too) deep (to quit)\"\" (that is,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 12 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2703057", "chunk_text": "\"In Deep (Argent album)\"\ntoo invested in some project to abandon it), being \"\"in deep (shit)\"\" (that is, in a lot of trouble), or being \"\"in deep (water)\"\" (that is, struggling simply to maintain one's own current situation). with: In Deep (Argent album) In Deep is the fourth studio album by Argent, originally released by Epic Records in 1973. It features the original full-length recording of \"\"God Gave Rock and Roll to You\"\", which reached No. 18 in the UK charts (U.S. No. 114) when released in edited form as a single later the same year. It was later remade by Kiss as \"\"God", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 13 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18433035", "chunk_text": "\"Petra (band)\"\nthe second record, among them former e vocalist Greg X. Volz (that band's name being a lower-case abbreviation of \"\"Emmanuel\"\"). Volz took the lead vocals on two songs and backed up several others. Among Volz's songs was a cover of the Argent anthem \"\"God Gave Rock and Roll to You\"\", which Myrrh had hoped to release as a radio single to the secular market. The song was immediately controversial – and revolutionary. \"\"It was the boldest statement anyone in Christian music had made until that time,\"\" said Ambassador Artist Agency president Wes Yoder. \"\"This was a radical notion, especially in", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 14 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19039418", "chunk_text": "\"God Gave Me You\"\nGod Gave Me You \"\"God Gave Me You\"\" is a song written and originally recorded by American contemporary Christian music singer Dave Barnes. It was released in January 2010 as the lead single from the album, \"\"What We Want, What We Get\"\". Barnes wrote the song after the title came to him while he was walking through London, England. He told \"\"Country Weekly\"\" that \"\"the lyrics just flowed together with the melody\"\" when he wrote it. Barnes also said that he was inspired by his wife, Annie, who supported him \"\"through all the ups and downs of an artist's career.\"\"", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 15 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13277167", "chunk_text": "\"Rod Argent\"\nhad a hit album in 1972 with \"\"All Together Now\"\", which contained the single \"\"Hold Your Head Up\"\". His Hammond B3 solo on that track is cited by Rick Wakeman as the greatest organ solo ever. The band also recorded the original version of the rock anthem \"\"God Gave Rock and Roll to You\"\", written by lead singer Russ Ballard, which was later covered by other artists including Petra and Kiss. Argent's first album included the song \"\"Liar\"\" (also composed by Ballard), which became a hit for Three Dog Night. In 1976, the band broke up. In 1978, Argent released", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 16 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10657511", "chunk_text": "\"Russ Ballard\"\nwas born in Waltham Cross, Hertfordshire, England. Ballard was initially a guitarist, joining Buster Meikle & The Day Breakers in 1961 together with his older brother Roy and their friend the drummer Bob Henrit. After a stint with The Roulettes, backing Adam Faith, he then went on to join Unit 4 + 2 in 1967, before becoming the lead singer and guitarist of Argent (along with Henrit, who joined as drummer), writing their hit \"\"God Gave Rock and Roll to You\"\", which would later be covered by both Petra and KISS. Ballard is most well known as the vocalist on", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 17 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11804895", "chunk_text": "\"God Gave Rock and Roll to You\"\nmore closely followed the Petra version of the song. It was released for the film \"\"Bill & Ted's Bogus Journey\"\". The song has also been covered by Bride featuring rap group DOC and by Midtown. Unrest remade the song as \"\"God Gave Rock & Roll To You III\"\" for their 1992 \"\"Bavarian Mods\"\" EP. \"\"God Gave Rock 'N' Roll to You II\"\" was covered by the American hard rock band Kiss. Kiss first released it as a single in 1991, featured on the soundtrack to the movie \"\"Bill & Ted's Bogus Journey\"\", and was later included on Kiss' 1992 album", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 18 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9003814", "chunk_text": "\"God Gave Me You (Bryan White song)\"\nGod Gave Me You (Bryan White song) \"\"God Gave Me You\"\" is a song recorded by American country music artist Bryan White. It was released in October 1999 as the second single from the album \"\"How Lucky I Am\"\". The song reached #40 on the \"\"Billboard\"\" Hot Country Singles & Tracks chart. The song was written by Andy Goldmark, Jamie Houston and James Dean Hicks. In 2015, \"\"God Gave Me You\"\" experienced a major surge in popularity in the Philippines after it became associated with AlDub—a popular on-air couple seen on the \"\"Kalyeserye\"\" segment of the local variety show \"\"Eat", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 19 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17181823", "chunk_text": "\"Argent (band)\"\nBeen Gone\"\" and \"\"I Surrender\"\"), Kiss, Petra, Hello, Santana and more recently the Brazilian metal band Oficina G3. The Russ Ballard song \"\"Liar\"\" on Argent's first album became a hit for Three Dog Night. Argent (band) Argent was an English rock band founded in 1969 by keyboardist Rod Argent, formerly of The Zombies. They were best known for their songs \"\"Hold Your Head Up\"\" and \"\"God Gave Rock and Roll to You\"\". Original members of the band were Rod Argent on keyboards, bassist Jim Rodford (Argent's cousin and formerly with the Mike Cotton Sound), drummer Bob Henrit and guitarist Russ", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 20 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18516095", "chunk_text": "\"Rock and Roll (I Gave You the Best Years of My Life)\"\npopular singer Craig Scott covered the song. In the United States it was Mac Davis who had the primary hit version in 1974, although all of the above versions also became American chart hits. \"\"Rock 'N' Roll\"\" is the first track on his sixth studio album \"\"All The Love In The World\"\". The song was the lead single of two issued from the LP, the other being the title track, and both of which became hit records. Rock and Roll (I Gave You the Best Years of My Life) \"\"Rock and Roll (I Gave You the Best Years of My", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 21 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11315753", "chunk_text": "\"Rock and Roll Heaven\"\nRock and Roll Heaven \"\"Rock and Roll Heaven\"\" is song written by Alan O'Day and Johnny Stevenson and popularized by The Righteous Brothers. It is a paean to several deceased singers such as Jimi Hendrix, Janis Joplin, and Otis Redding, and has been rewritten a number of times to include other singers. The song was first recorded by the band Climax in 1973, but it failed to chart. It was then covered by The Righteous Brothers in 1974 and reached number three on the U.S. \"\"Billboard\"\" Hot 100. The Righteous Brothers recorded \"\"Rock and Roll Heaven\"\" a few weeks after", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 22 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1777149", "chunk_text": "\"Rock and Roll Heaven\"\nRoll Heaven. Rock and Roll Heaven \"\"Rock and Roll Heaven\"\" is song written by Alan O'Day and Johnny Stevenson and popularized by The Righteous Brothers. It is a paean to several deceased singers such as Jimi Hendrix, Janis Joplin, and Otis Redding, and has been rewritten a number of times to include other singers. The song was first recorded by the band Climax in 1973, but it failed to chart. It was then covered by The Righteous Brothers in 1974 and reached number three on the U.S. \"\"Billboard\"\" Hot 100. The Righteous Brothers recorded \"\"Rock and Roll Heaven\"\" a few", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 23 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1777148", "chunk_text": "\"Rock and Roll Heaven\"\nJohn Lennon (Give Peace a Chance), Roy Orbison (Oh, Pretty Woman), Jackie Wilson (Higher and Higher), Ricky Nelson (Lonesome Town), Dennis Wilson (Good Vibrations), Marvin Gaye (What's Going On), Sam Cooke (Wonderful World), Cass Elliot (Monday, Monday) who died a few months after the original version of the song was released, and Stevie Ray Vaughan. The rewritten song is included in compilation albums such as \"\"Reunion\"\". A line from the lyrics of the song is used as the title for Stephen King's short story \"\"You Know They Got a Hell of a Band\"\", set in a town called Rock and", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 24 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2415317", "chunk_text": "\"Revenge (Kiss album)\"\nJust Wanna\"\" was only performed during the Revenge Tour, while \"\"Every Time I Look at You\"\" and \"\"Spit\"\" were, along with \"\"Domino\"\", performed during the MTV Unplugged show. In February 1991, Kiss was asked by the producers of the film \"\"Bill & Ted's Bogus Journey\"\" to record the song \"\"God Gave Rock 'n Roll to You II\"\", (a remake of the song \"\"God Gave Rock 'n Roll to You\"\" by the English rock band Argent) which would be produced by Bob Ezrin. The band agreed and reunited with Ezrin after 10 years and the debacle they had with \"\"Music from", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 25 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16608150", "chunk_text": "\"Rock n Roll Jesus (song)\"\nRock n Roll Jesus (song) \"\"Rock n Roll Jesus\"\" is the fifth single from Kid Rock's album of the same name. It was typical bravado-laced Kid Rock about sex, drugs and rock 'n' roll. The song was co-written by former lead guitarist Kenny Tudrick, who replaced Kenny Olson on the 2006 'Live' Trucker tour. The song and album title were attacked by some religious groups for being sacrilegious. The song along with \"\"All Summer Long\"\" and \"\"Son of Detroit\"\" were featured in the guitar game \"\"\"\". A live version was released on the Targer Version of Born Free in 2010.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 26 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16608149", "chunk_text": "\"Rock n Roll Jesus (song)\"\nRock n Roll Jesus (song) \"\"Rock n Roll Jesus\"\" is the fifth single from Kid Rock's album of the same name. It was typical bravado-laced Kid Rock about sex, drugs and rock 'n' roll. The song was co-written by former lead guitarist Kenny Tudrick, who replaced Kenny Olson on the 2006 'Live' Trucker tour. The song and album title were attacked by some religious groups for being sacrilegious. The song along with \"\"All Summer Long\"\" and \"\"Son of Detroit\"\" were featured in the guitar game \"\"\"\". A live version was released on the Targer Version of Born Free in 2010.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 27 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16184048", "chunk_text": "\"Rock and Roll Over\"\nRock and Roll Over Rock and Roll Over is the fifth studio album by American rock band Kiss, released in 1976. It was recorded at the Star Theatre, and in order to get the proper drum sound, Peter Criss recorded the drum tracks in a bathroom, communicating via video-link with the rest of the band. Criss' vocals are featured on the tracks \"\"Baby Driver\"\" and \"\"Hard Luck Woman\"\". Paul Stanley, who originally wanted the latter song to be sung by Rod Stewart, gave it to Criss, after Gene Simmons insisted Criss sing the song instead. Although \"\"Hard Luck Woman\"\" did", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 28 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9993490", "chunk_text": "\"Rock n Roll Jesus\"\nmillion copies, and it was certified 2 times platinum in Canada and gold Germany, Austria and Australia. Rock n Roll Jesus Rock n Roll Jesus is the seventh studio album by Kid Rock, released on October 9, 2007. Rob Cavallo (Green Day & The Goo Goo Dolls) co-produced the album with Rock. Mike E. Clark produced the track \"\"All Summer Long.\"\" The album was not available at the iTunes Store in an act of protest by Kid Rock regarding a royalties dispute. It was nominated for two Grammy Awards for Best Rock Album and Best Male Vocal Performance for \"\"All", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 29 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2172131", "chunk_text": "\"Petra (band)\"\nthe minds of the leaders of conservative churches.\"\" Other guest singers featured in the album were Steve Camp, Karen Morrison, and Austin Roberts. The recording process also was marked by disputes: the label refused Hartman's request to name the album \"\"God Gave Rock and Roll to You\"\" while a bluesy, crowd-favorite track written by Hartman about rejecting the pre-Christian self, \"\"Killing My Old Man\"\", was deemed too controversial and cut from the album (the song would later appear on the album \"\"Never Say Die\"\"). With a harder-edged sound reminiscent of Led Zeppelin and Deep Purple, \"\"Come and Join Us\"\" was", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 30 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7394833", "chunk_text": "\"Revenge (Kiss album)\"\non VH1 Classic, Simmons stated the importance of the song \"\"God Gave Rock 'N' Roll to You II\"\": \"\"It's not just a cover song for a soundtrack, but a testament to Eric Carr, and I think a lot of people don't realize that.\"\" The first single released from the album was \"\"God Gave Rock 'N' Roll to You II\"\", which was a big hit in the UK and Switzerland, reaching #4. It peaked at #21 on the US Mainstream Rock Tracks Chart and #18 on the Australian Singles Charts. \"\"Domino\"\" was the next single from the album, peaking at #26", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 31 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7596906", "chunk_text": "\"Beat the System (album)\"\nprogrammer Rhett Lawrence added some elements to \"\"Clean\"\" and \"\"Hollow Eyes\"\". Carl Marsh's programming, under the direction of producer Jonathan David Brown, veered the sound of the album more in the techno-rock genre of music. It is also the last studio album to feature the vocals of Greg X. Volz. The album includes the band's second cover of \"\"God Gave Rock and Roll to You\"\", the first being on 1977's \"\"Come and Join Us\"\". While the album credits Argent's Russ Ballard as sole songwriter this version, like the earlier version, contains lyrics not heard in the original Argent version. Guitarist", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 32 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7262012", "chunk_text": "\"God Gave Me You\"\n100 chart for the week of July 11, 2011. On the chart dated October 29, 2011, \"\"God Gave Me You\"\" became Shelton's fifth consecutive Number One single and his tenth overall. It has sold 2,514,000 copies in the United States as of November 2014. God Gave Me You \"\"God Gave Me You\"\" is a song written and originally recorded by American contemporary Christian music singer Dave Barnes. It was released in January 2010 as the lead single from the album, \"\"What We Want, What We Get\"\". Barnes wrote the song after the title came to him while he was walking", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 33 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13739671", "chunk_text": "\"All Together Now (Argent album)\"\ntracks include \"\"God Gave Rock and Roll to You\"\", which, owing to the popular cover/remake by Kiss, is one of Argent's best-known songs. In 2009, for their reunion, Mr. Big recorded a cover of \"\"Hold Your Head Up\"\" and played it throughout the tour. Uriah Heep also covered the song on their 1989 album \"\"Raging Silence\"\". All bonus tracks were previously released on albums, except \"\"Kingdom\"\", which was the flip side of the \"\"Celebration\"\" single, and \"\"Closer to Heaven\"\" which was the B-side of the single \"\"Hold Your Head Up\"\". In 2012, Esoteric Recordings of Europe released the album (ECLEC", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 34 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16184050", "chunk_text": "\"Rock and Roll Over\"\n\"\"Rock and Roll Over\"\" peaked at No. 11 on the \"\"Billboard\"\" 200. Rock and Roll Over Rock and Roll Over is the fifth studio album by American rock band Kiss, released in 1976. It was recorded at the Star Theatre, and in order to get the proper drum sound, Peter Criss recorded the drum tracks in a bathroom, communicating via video-link with the rest of the band. Criss' vocals are featured on the tracks \"\"Baby Driver\"\" and \"\"Hard Luck Woman\"\". Paul Stanley, who originally wanted the latter song to be sung by Rod Stewart, gave it to Criss, after Gene", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 35 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9993484", "chunk_text": "\"Rock n Roll Jesus\"\nRock n Roll Jesus Rock n Roll Jesus is the seventh studio album by Kid Rock, released on October 9, 2007. Rob Cavallo (Green Day & The Goo Goo Dolls) co-produced the album with Rock. Mike E. Clark produced the track \"\"All Summer Long.\"\" The album was not available at the iTunes Store in an act of protest by Kid Rock regarding a royalties dispute. It was nominated for two Grammy Awards for Best Rock Album and Best Male Vocal Performance for \"\"All Summer Long\"\" at the 2009 Grammy Awards. \"\"All Summer Long\"\" from the album was named the official", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 36 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18824164", "chunk_text": "\"Bradley Walker (singer)\"\nYou Gave Me\"\", using vocals she recorded before her death. The album was released on September 23, 2016, and debuted at No. 9 on the Top Country Albums chart. On October 6, 2017, Walker released \"\"Blessed: Hymns & Songs of Faith\"\". The album, produced by Ben Isaacs, features collaborations with Vince Gill, Alison Krauss, Rhonda Vincent, Jimmy Fortune, The Oak Ridge Boys, The Isaacs and Ricky Skaggs. The album received a GMA Dove Award for the Bluegrass/Country/Roots Album of the Year in 2018. Bradley Walker (singer) Bradley Walker is an American bluegrass and country music singer and songwriter. Bradley Walker", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 37 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5225548", "chunk_text": "\"You Gave Me a Mountain\"\nYou Gave Me a Mountain \"\"You Gave Me a Mountain\"\" (sometimes credited as \"\"Lord, You Gave Me a Mountain\"\") is a song written by country singer-songwriter Marty Robbins during the 1960s. It has been recorded by many artists, including Robbins himself, but the highest-charting version of the song was by Frankie Laine in 1969. This version was included on Laine's album of the same name. In Laine's autobiography \"\"That Lucky Old Son\"\", he stated that, \"\"Marty Robbins once told me that he'd been trying to bring 'You Gave Me a Mountain' to my attention for several years before he finally", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 38 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1344344", "chunk_text": "\"Origins of rock and roll\"\nWynonie Harris whose records reached the top of the newly christened \"\"rhythm and blues\"\" charts. In 1947, blues singer Roy Brown recorded \"\"Good Rocking Tonight\"\", a song that parodied church music by appropriating its references, including the word \"\"rocking\"\" and the gospel call \"\"Have you heard the news?\"\", relating them to very worldly lyrics about dancing, drinking and sex. The song became much more successful the following year when recorded by Wynonie Harris, whose version changed the steady blues rhythm to an uptempo gospel beat, and it was re-recorded by Elvis Presley in 1954 as his second single. A craze", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 39 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19228539", "chunk_text": "\"Origins of rock and roll\"\nsinger Helen Ward. Other notable recordings using the words, both released in 1938, were \"\"Rock It for Me\"\" by Chick Webb, a swing number with Ella Fitzgerald on vocals featuring the lyrics \"\"... Won't you satisfy my soul, With the rock and roll?\"\"; and \"\"Rock Me\"\" by Sister Rosetta Tharpe, a gospel song originally written by Thomas Dorsey as \"\"Hide Me in Thy Bosom\"\". Tharpe performed the song in the style of a city blues, with secular lyrics, ecstatic vocals and electric guitar. She changed Dorsey's \"\"singing\"\" to \"\"swinging,\"\" and the way she rolled the \"\"R\"\" in \"\"rock me\"\" led", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 40 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15244282", "chunk_text": "\"Birth of Rock and Roll\"\nBirth of Rock and Roll \"\"Birth of Rock and Roll\"\" is a 1986 song written by Carl Perkins and Greg Perkins. The song was featured on the \"\"Class of '55\"\" album which included performances with Johnny Cash, Roy Orbison, and Jerry Lee Lewis. \"\"Birth of Rock and Roll\"\" was released as a 7\"\" single with a picture sleeve, 885 760-7, on the Smash/America label copyrighted by PolyGram Records produced by Chips Moman. The single reached no. 31 on the \"\"Billboard\"\" country chart and no. 44 on the Canadian country chart in 1986. The B side was \"\"Rock and Roll (Fais-Do-Do)\"\"", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 41 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5002775", "chunk_text": "\"We Need a Whole Lot More of Jesus (and a Lot Less Rock and Roll)\"\nWe Need a Whole Lot More of Jesus (and a Lot Less Rock and Roll) \"\"We Need a Whole Lot More of Jesus (and a Lot Less Rock and Roll)\"\" is a Christian country song originally written and recorded by Wayne Raney in 1959. It later attracted renewed interest during the American folk music revival. Though it was originally intended to be sincere, the song has since been covered ironically by Linda Ronstadt and the Greenbriar Boys, among other artists. Author Peter Lewry described Ronstadt's cover as \"\"...one of the standout tracks\"\" on \"\"Hand Sown ... Home Grown\"\", the album", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 42 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14527826", "chunk_text": "\"Amen (Kid Rock song)\"\nAmen (Kid Rock song) \"\"Amen\"\" is the second single from American singer Kid Rock's album \"\"Rock n Roll Jesus\"\". Kid Rock says that this is the greatest song he has ever written. The acoustic guitar intro samples the Bob Seger song \"\"You'll Accomp'ny Me\"\". It is an acoustic arranged song that touches on such subjects as poverty, war, race relations, corrupt politicians and hypocritical pastors. The song features the gospel choir, The Fisk Jubilee Singers. It was released to radio November 5, 2007. It peaked at #11 on the \"\"Billboard\"\" Mainstream Rock Tracks chart and #27 on the \"\"Billboard\"\" Modern", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 43 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5975528", "chunk_text": "\"Pinkard & Bowden\"\nafter his singing career proved unsuccessful, he turned to songwriting. Among his hits as a writer were \"\"You're the Reason God Made Oklahoma\"\" (a duet by Shelly West and David Frizzell), \"\"Coca Cola Cowboy\"\" by Mel Tillis, and \"\"Blessed Are the Believers\"\" by Anne Murray. Richard Bowden was born on September 30, 1945 in Linden, Texas, He played in a Dixieland band while in high school formed by his father Elmer, which also included his childhood friend Don Henley. Bowden and Henley then formed a band called the Four Speeds, which changed its name to Felicity, then Shiloh. Shiloh disbanded", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 44 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5225552", "chunk_text": "\"You Gave Me a Mountain\"\nPresley, who performed the song at his 1973 Honolulu concert Aloha from Hawaii and the subsequent live album \"\"\"\". Presley's version was included in many of his other releases throughout the 1970s. Other artists who have recorded versions of \"\"You Gave Me a Mountain\"\" or performed it live include (Elvis), Don McLean, Eddy Arnold, Ray Price, Margie Singleton, Gene Watson, Jim Nabors, Dean Martin and Christer Sjögren. You Gave Me a Mountain \"\"You Gave Me a Mountain\"\" (sometimes credited as \"\"Lord, You Gave Me a Mountain\"\") is a song written by country singer-songwriter Marty Robbins during the 1960s. It has", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 45 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4529636", "chunk_text": "\"Thank God for You\"\nThank God for You \"\"Thank God For You\"\" is a song written by Mac McAnally and Mark Miller, and recorded by American country music group Sawyer Brown. It was released in June 1993 as the lead single from their album, \"\"Outskirts of Town\"\". The song reached number-one on the U.S. \"\"Billboard\"\" Hot Country Songs chart and on the Canadian \"\"RPM\"\" Country Tracks chart. It also peaked at number 17 on the U.S. \"\"Billboard\"\" Bubbling Under Hot 100 chart. In this song the narrator gives thanks for all the things that he has taken for granted in his lifespan. \"\"\"\"I've got", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 46 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17730399", "chunk_text": "\"Shake What God Gave Ya\"\nShake What God Gave Ya Shake What God Gave Ya is the third studio album from American country artist James Otto. It was released in the United States on September 14, 2010 through Warner Bros. Nashville. The album includes two singles, \"\"Groovy Little Summer Song\"\" and \"\"Soldiers & Jesus\"\". Prior to its release, Otto charted the single \"\"Since You Brought It Up\"\", which was not included on an album. Otto produced the entire album with Paul Worley, with Monty Powell as a co-producer on the title track. In an interview with \"\"The Boot\"\", Otto described his new record saying, \"\"This", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 47 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1336965", "chunk_text": "\"All Together Now (Argent album)\"\nand \"\"Rejoice\"\" are from the album \"\"Ring of Hands\"\". \"\"God Gave Rock and Roll to You\"\", \"\"It's Only Money (Part 2)\"\" and \"\"Christmas for the Free\"\" are from the album \"\"In Deep\"\". \"\"Kingdom\"\" is the B-side of the \"\"Celebration\"\" single; \"\"Closer to Heaven\"\" is the B-side of the single \"\"Hold Your Head Up\"\". All Together Now (Argent album) All Together Now, released in 1972, was the third album recorded by British rock band Argent. It was originally released on Epic Records, KE 31556. It was Argent's first hit album; it features \"\"Hold Your Head Up\"\", their most successful single, which", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 48 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6343785", "chunk_text": "\"We Need a Whole Lot More of Jesus (and a Lot Less Rock and Roll)\"\non which the cover originally appeared. We Need a Whole Lot More of Jesus (and a Lot Less Rock and Roll) \"\"We Need a Whole Lot More of Jesus (and a Lot Less Rock and Roll)\"\" is a Christian country song originally written and recorded by Wayne Raney in 1959. It later attracted renewed interest during the American folk music revival. Though it was originally intended to be sincere, the song has since been covered ironically by Linda Ronstadt and the Greenbriar Boys, among other artists. Author Peter Lewry described Ronstadt's cover as \"\"...one of the standout tracks\"\" on \"\"Hand", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 49 } ]
test_3543	who was in charge of the revolutionary war?	n/a	[ "General George Washington", "the king" ]	[]	n/a	n/a	n/a	[]	[ { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14210775", "chunk_text": "\"George Washington in the American Revolution\"\nGeorge Washington in the American Revolution George Washington (February 22, 1732 – December 14, 1799) commanded the Continental Army in the American Revolutionary War (1775–1783). After serving as President of the United States (1789 to 1797), he briefly was in charge of a new army in 1798. Washington, despite his youth, played a major role in the frontier wars against the French and Indians in the 1750s and 1760s. He played the leading military role in the American Revolution. When the war broke out with the Battles of Lexington and Concord in April 1775, Congress appointed him the first commander-in-chief", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 0 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6040643", "chunk_text": "\"American Revolutionary War\"\nof Concord, Bennington and Saratoga, and the siege of Boston. Both sides used partisan warfare but the Americans effectively suppressed Loyalist activity when British regulars were not in the area. Seeking to coordinate military efforts, the Continental Congress established a regular army on June 14, 1775, and appointed George Washington as commander-in-chief. The development of the Continental Army was always a work in progress, and Washington used both his regulars and state militia throughout the war. Three current branches of the United States Military trace their institutional roots to the American Revolutionary War; the United States Army comes from the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 1 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6040504", "chunk_text": "\"American Revolutionary War\"\nMassachusetts Bay Colony. Massachusetts colonists responded with the Suffolk Resolves, and they established a shadow government which wrested control of the countryside from the Crown. Twelve colonies formed a Continental Congress to coordinate their resistance, establishing committees and conventions that effectively seized power. British attempts to disarm the Massachusetts militia in Concord led to open combat on April 19, 1775. Militia forces then besieged Boston, forcing a British evacuation in March 1776, and Congress appointed George Washington to command the Continental Army. Concurrently, the Americans failed decisively in an attempt to invade Quebec and raise insurrection against the British. On", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 2 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14298434", "chunk_text": "\"Continental Army\"\nContinental Army The Continental Army was formed by the Second Continental Congress after the outbreak of the American Revolutionary War by the ex-British colonies that became the United States of America. Established by a resolution of the Congress on June 14, 1775, it was created to coordinate the military efforts of the Thirteen Colonies in their revolt against the rule of Great Britain. The Continental Army was supplemented by local militias and volunteer troops that remained under control of the individual states or were otherwise independent. General George Washington was the commander-in-chief of the army throughout the war. Most of", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 3 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8879231", "chunk_text": "\"American Revolutionary War\"\neffort with the committee known as \"\"Board of War and Ordnance\"\", succeeded by the Board of War in July 1777, a committee which eventually included members of the military. The command structure of the armed forces was a hodgepodge of Congressional appointees (and Congress sometimes made those appointments without Washington's input) with state-appointments filling the lower ranks. The results of his general staff were mixed, as some of his favorites never mastered the art of command, such as John Sullivan. Eventually, he found capable officers such as Nathanael Greene, Daniel Morgan, Henry Knox (chief of artillery), and Alexander Hamilton (chief", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 4 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15696581", "chunk_text": "\"George Washington\"\nGeorge Washington George Washington (February 22, 1732 – , 1799) was one of the Founding Fathers and the first President of the United States (1789–1797). He commanded Patriot forces in the new nation's American Revolutionary War and led them to victory over the British. Washington also presided at the Constitutional Convention of 1787, which established the new federal government. For his leadership he has been called the \"\"Father of His Country\"\". Washington was born to a successful family of planters and slaveholders in colonial Virginia. He had educational opportunities and at age seventeen launched a successful career as a land", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 5 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6733557", "chunk_text": "\"American Revolutionary War\"\nwar, and provided some of the best troops in the British service; the British Legion, a mixed regiment of 250 dragoons and 200 infantry commanded by Banastre Tarleton, gained a fearsome reputation in the colonies, especially in the South. Britain had a difficult time appointing a determined senior military leadership in America. Thomas Gage, Commander-in-Chief of North America at the outbreak of the war, was criticized for being too lenient on the rebellious colonists. Jeffrey Amherst, who was appointed Commander-in-Chief of the Forces in 1778, refused a direct command in America, due to unwillingness to take sides in the war.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 6 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19627757", "chunk_text": "\"Nathanael Greene\"\nNathanael Greene Nathanael Greene (June 19, 1786, sometimes misspelled Nathaniel) was a major general of the Continental Army in the American Revolutionary War (1775–1783). He emerged from the war with a reputation as commanding General George Washington's most gifted and dependable officer, and is known for his successful command in the Southern theater of the war. Born in Warwick, Rhode Island, Greene was elected to the Rhode Island General Assembly and ran his family's foundry. He came to oppose British rule in Rhode Island and formed a militia in 1774. The Second Continental Congress appointed Greene to the rank of", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 7 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6252304", "chunk_text": "\"Continental Army\"\nbranches gold insignia: Continental Army The Continental Army was formed by the Second Continental Congress after the outbreak of the American Revolutionary War by the ex-British colonies that became the United States of America. Established by a resolution of the Congress on June 14, 1775, it was created to coordinate the military efforts of the Thirteen Colonies in their revolt against the rule of Great Britain. The Continental Army was supplemented by local militias and volunteer troops that remained under control of the individual states or were otherwise independent. General George Washington was the commander-in-chief of the army throughout the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 8 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11730087", "chunk_text": "\"American Revolution\"\nbattle between Patriot militia and British regulars when the king's army attempted to capture and destroy Colonial military supplies at Lexington and Concord on April 19, 1775. The conflict then developed into a global war, during which the Patriots (and later their French, Spanish, and Dutch allies) fought the British and Loyalists in what became known as the American Revolutionary War (1775–83). Each of the thirteen colonies formed a Provincial Congress that assumed power from the old colonial governments and suppressed Loyalism, and from there they built a Continental Army under the leadership of General George Washington. The Continental Congress", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 9 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4624962", "chunk_text": "\"Financial costs of the American Revolutionary War\"\nFurthermore, England’s naval strength was great enough to intimidate other nations and scare them away from exporting goods to the colonies, so smuggled and inexpensive imports became costly and rare. The Continental Army under the direction of George Washington sought to engage in a war of attrition. Because the fight was on colonial soil, Washington aimed to take advantage of the lack of trade with Great Britain by cutting them off from necessary resources, hoping that eventually the redcoat army in North America would grow sick and tired. Under the Articles of Confederation, however, the Continental Congress did not have", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 10 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8879243", "chunk_text": "\"American Revolutionary War\"\nat embarrassingly low levels. With the British invasion of the state in 1781, Virginia was mired in class division as its native son, George Washington, made desperate appeals for troops. These are some of the standard works about the war in general that are not listed above; books about specific campaigns, battles, units, and individuals can be found in those articles. American Revolutionary War The American Revolutionary War (17751783), also known as the American War of Independence, was an 18th-century war between Great Britain and its Thirteen Colonies (allied with France) which declared independence as the United States of America.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 11 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "230135", "chunk_text": "\"George Washington in the American Revolution\"\nPresident of the United States, serving two terms. He briefly engaged in additional military service during a threatened war with France in 1798, and died in December 1799. He is widely recognized as the \"\"Father of his country\"\". In 2012, a poll conducted by the British National Army Museum recognized Washington as \"\"Britain's Greatest Military Enemy.\"\" He beat out Ataturk, Irish independence hero Michael Collins, Erwin Rommel, and Napoleon. George Washington in the American Revolution George Washington (February 22, 1732 – December 14, 1799) commanded the Continental Army in the American Revolutionary War (1775–1783). After serving as President of the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 12 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13833439", "chunk_text": "\"American Revolutionary War\"\nAmerican Revolutionary War The American Revolutionary War (17751783), also known as the American War of Independence, was an 18th-century war between Great Britain and its Thirteen Colonies (allied with France) which declared independence as the United States of America. After 1765, growing philosophical and political differences strained the relationship between Great Britain and its colonies. Patriot protests against taxation without representation followed the Stamp Act and escalated into boycotts, which culminated in 1773 with the Sons of Liberty destroying a shipment of tea in Boston Harbor. Britain responded by closing Boston Harbor and passing a series of punitive measures against", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 13 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6733478", "chunk_text": "\"American Revolutionary War\"\nthe British Commander-in-Chief and military governor of Massachusetts, and he received orders on April 14, 1775 to disarm the local militias. On April 18, 1775, 700 troops were sent to confiscate militia ordnance stored at Concord. Fighting broke out, forcing the regulars to conduct a fighting withdrawal to Boston. Overnight, the local militia converged on and laid siege to Boston. On May 25, 4,500 British reinforcements arrived with generals William Howe, John Burgoyne, and Henry Clinton. The British seized the Charlestown peninsula on June 17 after a costly frontal assault, leading Howe to replace Gage. Many senior officers were dismayed", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 14 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19627783", "chunk_text": "\"Nathanael Greene\"\nCoventry, Rhode Island features Spell Hall which was General Greene's home built in 1774. Nathanael Greene Nathanael Greene (June 19, 1786, sometimes misspelled Nathaniel) was a major general of the Continental Army in the American Revolutionary War (1775–1783). He emerged from the war with a reputation as commanding General George Washington's most gifted and dependable officer, and is known for his successful command in the Southern theater of the war. Born in Warwick, Rhode Island, Greene was elected to the Rhode Island General Assembly and ran his family's foundry. He came to oppose British rule in Rhode Island and formed", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 15 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17861814", "chunk_text": "\"History of the United States (1776–1789)\"\n3,800 militia who had prepared an ambush. The Battle of Lexington and Concord ignited the American Revolutionary War. As news spread, local shadow governments (called \"\"committees of correspondence\"\") in each of the 13 colonies drove out royal officials and sent militiamen to Boston to besiege the British there. The Second Continental Congress met in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, in the aftermath of armed clashes in April. With all thirteen colonies represented, it immediately began to organize itself as a central government with control over the diplomacy and instructed the colonies to write constitutions for themselves as states. On June 1775, George Washington,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 16 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11730123", "chunk_text": "\"American Revolution\"\nGeorge. The king, however, issued a Proclamation of Rebellion which stated that the states were \"\"in rebellion\"\" and the members of Congress were traitors. In the winter of 1775, the Americans invaded Canada under generals Benedict Arnold and Richard Montgomery. The attack was a complete failure; many Americans who weren't killed were either captured or died of smallpox. In March 1776, the Continental Army forced the British to evacuate Boston, with George Washington as the commander of the new army. The revolutionaries were now in full control of all 13 colonies and were ready to declare independence. There still were", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 17 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12791445", "chunk_text": "\"Commander-in-Chief, North America\"\nCommander-in-Chief, North America The office of Commander-in-Chief, North America was a military position of the British Army. Established in 1755 in the early years of the Seven Years' War, holders of the post were generally responsible for land-based military personnel and activities in and around those parts of North America that Great Britain either controlled or contested. The post continued to exist until 1775, when Lieutenant-General Thomas Gage, the last holder of the post, was replaced early in the American War of Independence. The post's responsibilities were then divided: Major-General William Howe became Commander-in-Chief, America, responsible for British troops from", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 18 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15696610", "chunk_text": "\"George Washington\"\nBritain began in April 1775, with the Battles of Lexington and Concord, and a Patriot siege of the British in Boston, and the Second Continental Congress officially created the Continental Army the next month. Samuel Adams and John Adams passed over John Hancock in nominating Washington as commander in chief, and he was unanimously elected the next day. Washington appeared before Congress in uniform and gave an acceptance speech, declining a salary, though he was later reimbursed expenses. The Congress chose his primary officer staff, including Major General Artemas Ward, Adjutant General Horatio Gates, Major General Charles Lee, Major General", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 19 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6040644", "chunk_text": "\"American Revolutionary War\"\nContinental Army, formed by a resolution of the Continental Congress on June 14, 1775. The United States Navy recognizes October 13, 1775 as the date of its official establishment, the passage of the resolution of the Continental Congress at Philadelphia that created the Continental Navy. The United States Marine Corps links to the Continental Marines of the war, formed by a resolution of the Continental Congress on November 10, 1775. However, in 1783 both the Continental Navy and Continental Marines were disbanded. At the beginning of 1776, Washington commanded 20,000 men, with two-thirds enlisted in the Continental Army and the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 20 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16774747", "chunk_text": "\"British Army during the American Revolutionary War\"\nthis number were too old or infirm to command in the field. Others were opposed to war against the colonists, or unwilling to serve for years in America. Sir William Howe, who was chosen to succeed Sir Thomas Gage as Commander in Chief in North America, was only 111th in seniority. Gage and Howe had both served as light infantry commanders in America during the French and Indian War. However, Gage was blamed for underestimating the strength of republican sympathy and was relieved in 1776. Howe had the advantage of large numbers of reinforcements, and was the brother of Admiral", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 21 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2798146", "chunk_text": "\"United States Secretary of War\"\nUnited States Secretary of War The Secretary of War was a member of the United States President's Cabinet, beginning with George Washington's administration. A similar position, called either \"\"Secretary at War\"\" or \"\"Secretary of War\"\", had been appointed to serve the Congress of the Confederation under the Articles of Confederation between 1781 and 1789. Benjamin Lincoln and later Henry Knox held the position. When Washington was inaugurated as the first president under the Constitution, he appointed Knox to continue serving as Secretary of War. The Secretary of War was the head of the War Department. At first, he was responsible", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 22 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2920514", "chunk_text": "\"Tench Tilghman\"\nthe namesake of a Daughters of the American Revolution chapter in Bethesda, Maryland. Tench Tilghman Tench Tilghman (, December 25, 1744April 18, 1786) was an officer in the Continental Army during the American Revolutionary War. He served as an aide-de-camp to General George Washington, achieving the rank of lieutenant colonel. Tilghman rose to become a trusted member of Washington's staff. The historic events of the time sparked his transformation from a privileged family member of Loyalists to a dedicated Patriot. He paid a high price, facing tragedies including a split with Loyalist members of his family, and illness and an", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 23 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14822170", "chunk_text": "\"George Washington\"\nand Benjamin Franklin appeared on the nation's first postage stamps in 1847. Since that time, Washington has appeared on many postage issues, more than any other person. Print sources <br>Primary sources <br>Online sources George Washington George Washington (February 22, 1732 – , 1799) was one of the Founding Fathers and the first President of the United States (1789–1797). He commanded Patriot forces in the new nation's American Revolutionary War and led them to victory over the British. Washington also presided at the Constitutional Convention of 1787, which established the new federal government. For his leadership he has been called the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 24 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13833474", "chunk_text": "\"American Revolutionary War\"\na new training program, supervised by Baron von Steuben, introducing the most modern Prussian methods of drilling. Meanwhile, Howe resigned and was replaced by Henry Clinton on May 24, 1778. Clinton received orders to abandon Philadelphia and fortify New York following France's entry into the war. On June 18, the British departed Philadelphia, with the reinvigorated Americans in pursuit. The two armies fought at Monmouth Court House on June 28, with the Americans holding the field, greatly boosting morale and confidence. By July, both armies were back in the same positions they had been two years prior. The defeat at", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 25 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10517698", "chunk_text": "\"Diplomacy in the American Revolutionary War\"\nduties except those necessary for the regulation of commerce; it was addressed and sent to the individual colonies, and intentionally ignored the Continental Congress. Lord North hoped to divide the colonists amongst themselves, and thus weaken any revolution/independence movements (especially those represented by the Continental Congress). The resolution proved to be \"\"too little, too late\"\", and the American Revolutionary War began at Lexington, on April 19, 1775. The Continental Congress released a report, (written by Benjamin Franklin, Thomas Jefferson, John Adams, and Richard Henry Lee), dated July 31, 1775, rejecting it. When the Second Continental Congress convened in May 1775,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 26 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4324036", "chunk_text": "\"William Howe, 5th Viscount Howe\"\nthe Remains\"\", and he is resurrected as a zombie-like warrior in the following \"\"Sleepy Hollow\"\" episode \"\"Dead Men Tell No Tales\"\", requiring Crane to destroy him with Greek fire. William Howe, 5th Viscount Howe General William Howe, 5th Viscount Howe, KB, PC (10 August 1729 – 12 July 1814) was a British Army officer who rose to become Commander-in-Chief of British forces during the American War of Independence. Howe was one of three brothers who had distinguished military careers. Having joined the army in 1746, Howe saw extensive service in the War of the Austrian Succession and Seven Years' War.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 27 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10995030", "chunk_text": "\"Tench Tilghman\"\nTench Tilghman Tench Tilghman (, December 25, 1744April 18, 1786) was an officer in the Continental Army during the American Revolutionary War. He served as an aide-de-camp to General George Washington, achieving the rank of lieutenant colonel. Tilghman rose to become a trusted member of Washington's staff. The historic events of the time sparked his transformation from a privileged family member of Loyalists to a dedicated Patriot. He paid a high price, facing tragedies including a split with Loyalist members of his family, and illness and an early death from disease contracted during the American Revolutionary War. Tilghman was born", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 28 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1429057", "chunk_text": "\"Henry Knox\"\nHenry Knox Henry Knox (July 25, 1750 – October 25, 1806) was a military officer of the Continental Army and later the United States Army, who also served as the first United States Secretary of War from 1789 to 1794. Born and raised in Boston, Massachusetts, he owned and operated a bookstore there, cultivating an interest in military history and joining a local artillery company. When the American Revolutionary War broke out in 1775, he befriended General George Washington, and quickly rose to become the chief artillery officer of the Continental Army. In this role he accompanied Washington on most", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 29 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7970796", "chunk_text": "\"History of the United States (1776–1789)\"\nHistory of the United States (1776–1789) Between 1776 and 1789, the United States of America emerged as an independent country, creating and ratifying its new constitution and establishing its national government. In order to assert their traditional rights, American Patriots seized control of the colonies and launched a war for independence. The Americans declared independence on July 4, 1776, proclaiming \"\"all men are created equal\"\". Congress raised the Continental Army under the command of General George Washington, forged a military alliance with France and defeated the two main British invasion armies. Nationalists replaced the governing Articles of Confederation to strengthen", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 30 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12814489", "chunk_text": "\"Commander-in-Chief's Guard\"\nCommander-in-Chief's Guard The Commander-in-Chief's Guard, commonly known as Washington's Life Guard, was a unit of the Continental Army that protected General George Washington during the American Revolutionary War. Formed in 1776, the Guard was with Washington in all of his battles. It was disbanded in 1783 at the end of the war. The Second Continental Congress, the \"\"de facto\"\" governing body of the United Colonies (soon to be the United States) during the American Revolution, created the Continental Army on June 14, 1775, and appointed George Washington as General and Commander-in-Chief the next day. The army was organized in Massachusetts", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 31 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6733515", "chunk_text": "\"American Revolutionary War\"\nby Patriot militias who effectively suppressed Loyalists by winning victories in Fairfield County, Lincolnton, Huck's Defeat, Stanly County, and Lancaster County. Congress appointed Horatio Gates, victor at Saratoga, to lead the American effort in the south. He suffered a major defeat at Camden on August 16, 1780, setting the stage for Cornwallis to invade North Carolina. The British attempted to subjugate the countryside, and Patriot militia continued to fight against them, so Cornwallis dispatched troops to raise Loyalist forces to cover his left flank as he moved north. This wing of Cornwallis' army was virtually destroyed on October 7, irreversibly", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 32 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20146994", "chunk_text": "\"Board of War\"\nBoard of War The Board of War, also known as the Board of War and Ordnance, was created by the Second Continental Congress as a special standing committee to oversee the American Continental Army's administration and to make recommendations regarding the army to Congress. On January 24, 1776, Congressional delegate Edward Rutledge, echoing Gen. George Washington's own concerns, suggested that a war office similar to Great Britain's be established. Pressure from Washington and the large volume of military business led Congress to establish the Board of War and Ordnance on June 12, 1776. Five delegates of Congress, initially John Adams,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 33 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8879230", "chunk_text": "\"American Revolutionary War\"\nBritish put a low value on intelligence, and its operations were of poor quality until 1780, when it finally inserted some spies with Congress and with Washington's command. Even then, however, British commanders ignored or downplayed threats that were revealed. The most serious intelligence failure came in 1781 when top commanders were unaware that The American and French armies at both left the Northeast and marched down to Yorktown, where they outnumbered Cornwallis by more than 2 to 1. Third, he was charged selecting and guiding the generals. In June 1776, Congress made its first attempt at running the war", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 34 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6733598", "chunk_text": "\"American Revolutionary War\"\nsize that could be most effectively controlled (the very different perspective of mass conscript armies came later, during the French Revolutionary and then the Napoleonic Wars), the largest army that Frederick the Great ever led into battle was 65,000 men (at Prague in 1757), and at other times he commanded between 23,000 and 50,000 men, considering the latter the most effective number. General Washington assumed main five main roles during the war. First, he designed the overall strategy of the war, in cooperation with Congress. The goal was always independence. When France entered the war, he worked closely with the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 35 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3532855", "chunk_text": "\"Benjamin Lincoln\"\nBenjamin Lincoln Benjamin Lincoln (January 24, 1733 (O.S. January 13, 1732) – May 9, 1810) was an American army officer. He served as a major general in the Continental Army during the American Revolutionary War. Lincoln is notable for being involved in three major surrenders during the war: his participation in the Battles of Saratoga (sustaining a wound shortly afterward) contributed to John Burgoyne's surrender of a British army, he oversaw the largest American surrender of the war at the 1780 Siege of Charleston, and, as George Washington's second in command, he formally accepted the British surrender at Yorktown. After", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 36 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14178193", "chunk_text": "\"Military history of the United States\"\nfrom across New England rushed to Boston and bottled up the British in the city. The Continental Congress appointed George Washington as commander-in-chief of the newly created Continental Army, which was augmented throughout the war by colonial militia. In addition to the Army, Congress also created the Continental Navy and Continental Marines. He drove the British out of Boston but in late summer 1776 they returned to New York and nearly captured Washington's army. Meanwhile, the revolutionaries expelled British officials from the 13 states, and declared themselves an independent nation on 4 July 1776. The British, for their part, lacked", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 37 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6252284", "chunk_text": "\"Continental Army\"\nGeorge Washington as Commander-in-Chief, who accepted and served throughout the war without any compensation except for reimbursement of expenses. On July 18, 1775, the Congress requested all colonies form militia companies from \"\"all able bodied effective men, between sixteen and fifty years of age.\"\" It was not uncommon for men younger than sixteen to enlist as most colonies had no requirement of parental consent for those under twenty-one (adulthood). Four major-generals (Artemas Ward, Charles Lee, Philip Schuyler, and Israel Putnam) and eight brigadier-generals (Seth Pomeroy, Richard Montgomery, David Wooster, William Heath, Joseph Spencer, John Thomas, John Sullivan, and Nathanael Greene)", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 38 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17861808", "chunk_text": "\"History of the United States (1776–1789)\"\nJuly 1777, a committee which eventually included members of the military. The command structure of the armed forces was a hodgepodge of Congressional appointees (and Congress sometimes made those appointments without Washington's input) with state-appointments filling the lower ranks. The results of his general staff were mixed, as some of his favorites never mastered the art of command, such as John Sullivan. Eventually, he found capable officers such as Nathanael Greene, Daniel Morgan, Henry Knox (chief of artillery), and Alexander Hamilton (chief of staff). The American officers never equaled their opponents in tactics and maneuver, and they lost most of", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 39 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8522713", "chunk_text": "\"George Washington\"\nPhilip Schuyler, Major General Nathanael Greene, Colonel Henry Knox, and Colonel Alexander Hamilton. Washington was impressed by Colonel Benedict Arnold and gave him responsibility for invading Canada. He also engaged French and Indian War compatriot Brigadier General Daniel Morgan. Henry Knox, who also impressed Adams with ordnance knowledge, was promoted to colonel and chief of artillery by Washington. Contemplating what awaited him, an apprehensive Washington and his party headed to Boston to engage the British for his first time. In the process he was becoming an embodiment of the revolution as he was greeted by local officials and statesmen along", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 40 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7036658", "chunk_text": "\"Thomas Gage\"\nThomas Gage General Thomas Gage (10 March 1718/19 – 2 April 1787) was a British Army general officer and colonial official best known for his many years of service in North America, including his role as British commander-in-chief in the early days of the American Revolution. Being born to an aristocratic family in England, he entered military service, seeing action in the French and Indian War, where he served alongside his future opponent George Washington in the 1755 Battle of the Monongahela. After the fall of Montreal in 1760, he was named its military governor. During this time he did", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 41 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1516668", "chunk_text": "\"Friedrich Wilhelm von Steuben\"\nFriedrich Wilhelm von Steuben Friedrich Wilhelm August Heinrich Ferdinand Steuben (born Friedrich Wilhelm Ludolf Gerhard Augustin von Steuben; September 17, 1730 – November 28, 1794), also referred to as Baron von Steuben (), was a Prussian and later an American military officer. He served as Inspector General and a Major General of the Continental Army during the American Revolutionary War. He is credited with being one of the fathers of the Continental Army in teaching them the essentials of military drills, tactics, and disciplines. He wrote \"\"Regulations for the Order and Discipline of the Troops of the United States\"\", the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 42 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6733479", "chunk_text": "\"American Revolutionary War\"\nat the attack, which had gained them little, while Gage wrote to London stressing the need for a large army to suppress the revolt. On July 3, George Washington took command of the Continental Army besieging Boston. Howe made no effort to attack, much to Washington's surprise. A plan was rejected to assault the city, and the Americans instead fortified Dorchester Heights in early March 1776 with heavy artillery captured from a raid on Fort Ticonderoga. The British were permitted to withdraw unmolested on March 17, and they sailed to Halifax, Nova Scotia. Washington then moved his army to New", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 43 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19404125", "chunk_text": "\"Nathanael Greene\"\nbrigadier general in the Continental Army in 1775, and promoted Greene to major general in 1776. He served as Washington's subordinate in the New York and New Jersey campaign and the Philadelphia campaign, and was the Continental Army's Quartermaster General from 1778 to 1780. In December 1780, Greene was appointed to command the Continental Army in the southern theater of the Revolutionary War, replacing General Horatio Gates. He engaged in a successful campaign to harass the British forces under General Charles Cornwallis, limiting British control of the South to the coastal areas. After the war, he declined appointment as Secretary", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 44 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10665741", "chunk_text": "1775\n1775 <onlyinclude> The American Revolution begins this year, with the first military engagement being the April 19 Battles of Lexington and Concord on the day after Paul Revere's now-epic ride. The Second Continental Congress takes various steps toward organizing an American government, appointing George Washington commander-in-chief (June 14), Benjamin Franklin postmaster general (July 26) and creating a Continental Navy (October 13) and a Marine force (November 10) as landing troops for it, but as yet the 13 colonies have not declared independence, and both the British (June 12) and American (July 15) governments make laws. On July 6, Congress issues", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 45 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14679315", "chunk_text": "\"Philip Schuyler\"\nPhilip Schuyler Philip John Schuyler (; November 18, 1804) was a general in the American Revolution and a United States Senator from New York. He is usually known as Philip Schuyler, while his son is usually known as Philip J. Schuyler. Born in Albany, Province of New York, into the prosperous Schuyler family, Schuyler fought in the French and Indian War. He won election to the New York General Assembly in 1768 and to the Continental Congress in 1775. He planned the Continental Army's 1775 Invasion of Quebec, but poor health forced him to delegate command of the disastrous invasion", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 46 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16774748", "chunk_text": "\"British Army during the American Revolutionary War\"\nRichard Howe, the Royal Navy's commander in chief in America. The two brothers gained much success in 1776, but failed to destroy Washington's Army. They also tried to initiate peace talks but these came to nothing. In 1777, General John Burgoyne was allowed to mount an ambitious campaign southwards from Canada. After early success, he pushed ahead despite major supply difficulties, and was surrounded and forced to capitulate at Saratoga, an event which precipitated intervention by Britain's European rivals. After Howe's Philadelphia campaign in the same year failed to achieve decisive results, Howe was recalled and replaced by Sir Henry", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 47 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16774745", "chunk_text": "\"British Army during the American Revolutionary War\"\nNorth America commanded crown forces in the Americas. However, the British Army had no formal command structure, so British commanders often worked on their own initiative during the war. The position of Commander-in-Chief of the Forces remained vacant until 1778 when it was given to Jeffery Amherst, 1st Baron Amherst who held it until the end of the war. However his role in advising the government on strategy was limited and Amherst found himself primarily occupied with the organisation of home forces to oppose the threatened invasion in 1779, and suppress the outbreak of severe anti-Catholic rioting in 1780. The", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 48 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13833442", "chunk_text": "\"American Revolutionary War\"\nentered the war in 1778, and Spain joined the war the following year as an ally of France but not as an ally of the United States. In 1780, the Kingdom of Mysore attacked the British in India, and tensions between Great Britain and the Netherlands erupted into open war. In North America, the British mounted a \"\"Southern strategy\"\" led by Charles Cornwallis which hinged upon a Loyalist uprising, but too few came forward. Cornwallis suffered reversals at King's Mountain and Cowpens. He retreated to Yorktown, Virginia, intending an evacuation, but a decisive French naval victory deprived him of an", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 49 } ]
test_3544	when does the new mlp movie come out?	n/a	[ "September 24, 2017", "October 6, 2017", "October 6, 2017" ]	[]	n/a	n/a	n/a	[]	[ { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19100395", "chunk_text": "\"My Little Pony: Friendship Is Magic\"\nand 2015. \"\"\"\", a theatrical animated film adaptation of the television series, was released on October 6, 2017 in the United States, distributed by Lionsgate. The film is directed by series supervising director Jayson Thiessen and written by showrunner Meghan McCarthy, and is financed by Hasbro Studios' film subdivision, Allspark Pictures. The series has received positive reviews from critics. Todd VanDerWerff of \"\"The A.V. Club\"\" favorably noted its \"\"sheer and utter joyfulness\"\" and lack of cynicism, unlike many other shows that garnered a cult following of parents and adults. He complimented the characters' stylized appearance, the stories' relative complexity for", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 0 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "513726", "chunk_text": "\"My Little Pony: The Movie (2017 film)\"\nconqueror, gaining new friends in the process. In addition to the show's regular voice cast reprising their roles, the film features the voices of Emily Blunt, Kristin Chenoweth, Liev Schreiber, Michael Peña, Sia, Taye Diggs, Uzo Aduba, and Zoe Saldana as new characters. The film was produced by Allspark Pictures and DHX Media, using traditional animation created with Toon Boom Harmony. It premiered in New York City on September 24, 2017, and was released on October 6, 2017 in North America through Lionsgate. The film received mixed reviews from critics and grossed over $60million worldwide on a $6.5 million budget.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 1 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7891788", "chunk_text": "\"My Little Pony: The Movie (2017 film)\"\ndrew a custom artwork of Rainbow Dash (voiced by Ashleigh Ball). On September 30, 2017, a special titled \"\"The Making of My Little Pony: The Movie\"\" aired on Discovery Family, a joint venture between Discovery Communications (now Discovery, Inc.) and Hasbro; it was watched by 18,000 viewers. \"\"My Little Pony: The Movie\"\" was released on December 19, 2017 for digital downloads, and was later released on January 9, 2018 for DVD, Blu-ray, and On Demand. Its special features includes a deleted scene, a music video for the song \"\"I'm the Friend You Need\"\", three featurettes starring the Mane Six, an", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 2 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19940153", "chunk_text": "\"My Little Pony: Friendship Is Magic\"\nhave formed the basis for a variety of internet memes. As of October 2018, the show ended its eighth season with a ninth currently in production. A feature-length film adaptation directly based on the TV series, titled \"\"\"\", was theatrically released on October 6, 2017 in the United States. A spin-off franchise, \"\"\"\", was launched in 2013. The first two films, \"\"\"\" and \"\"\"\", has been shown in limited theatrical screenings prior to television broadcast and home media release. Hasbro, Inc. has produced several incarnations and lines of toys and entertainment related to the My Little Pony franchise, often labeled", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 3 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7891784", "chunk_text": "\"My Little Pony: The Movie (2017 film)\"\nNovember 3, 2017, but it was subsequently moved up to October 6, 2017. Theatrically, the film was accompanied by a 5-minute animated short from Hasbro Studios' web series \"\"\"\". A private premiere screening was held in New York City on September 24, 2017, twelve days prior to the nationwide release date. Numerous toys based on characters, sets, and props from the film were made by Hasbro, and a vast majority of the products was released on August 1, 2017. The 2016 PonyRadioCon panel included a brief preview for some of the planned merchandise being developed for the film, including T-shirts", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 4 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7891786", "chunk_text": "\"My Little Pony: The Movie (2017 film)\"\non August 29, 2017. Books based on the film have been showcased at BookCon 2017 on June 4, with guest appearances by Andrea Libman and Ashleigh Ball. IDW Publishing released a four-issue comic book miniseries titled \"\"\"\", with the first issue released on June 28, 2017. Viz Media released an art book for the film on August 29, 2017. A comic adaptation based on the film by IDW was released on September 27, 2017. A teaser trailer for the film was released online on April 6, 2017, and in theaters alongside \"\"\"\" the following day. The first full trailer debuted", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 5 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7891780", "chunk_text": "\"My Little Pony: The Movie (2017 film)\"\nway the characters would be looking and expressing. The pre-visualization crew were able to use the 3D backdrops that became more detailed throughout the film's development to integrate the simple 3D character models, and then were able to test the Toon Boom animations on top of these scenes using the placement established by Maya, helping to speed up the production. The film's official soundtrack was released on September 22, 2017 by RCA Records. The film's songs and score were composed by \"\"Friendship Is Magic\"\" songwriter Daniel Ingram, who first announced at GalaCon 2015 that he would be collaborating with a", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 6 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7891785", "chunk_text": "\"My Little Pony: The Movie (2017 film)\"\nand graphics. On July 27, 2016, the My Little Pony Collectible Card Game hinted on Twitter about a new set of cards based on the film. Hasbro's toyline for the film was shown and promoted at Toy Fair 2017 and various other toy conventions. Several books and comics related to the film have been announced: \"\"My Little Pony: Annual 2018\"\", which contains \"\"exclusive content from the \"\"My Little Pony\"\" movie\"\" was released on August 10, 2017; and a \"\"prequel\"\" story released on August 1. On January 23, 2017, Hachette Book Group listed five different books for the film, all released", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 7 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7891783", "chunk_text": "\"My Little Pony: The Movie (2017 film)\"\nthe film's first trailer and played over the closing credits. Other artists included in the album are DNCE and CL. The score for the film was released on November 16, 2018, more than a year after the film was released. On August 7, 2015, Lionsgate announced that they would distribute and market the film worldwide except in China. The film was showcased at the 2016 Cannes Film Festival on May 10 along with eight other Lionsgate features to help sell the film to international distributors. \"\"My Little Pony: The Movie\"\" was originally scheduled for release in the United States on", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 8 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19325173", "chunk_text": "\"Diary of a Wimpy Kid: The Long Haul (film)\"\nlike to see \"\"\"\" adapted into an animated film, stating in an interview, \"\"I hope that it gets made into an animated movie. but I'd really like to see it turn into an animated television special.\"\" In 2016, it was announced that a live-action film adaptation of the ninth book \"\"\"\" was in development, and would be featuring a completely new cast playing the Heffleys. The film was released on May 17, 2017, in the Philippines, May 19, 2017, in the United States, and May 20, 2017, in the United Kingdom. On February 23, 2017, a theatrical poster and teaser", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 9 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7891789", "chunk_text": "\"My Little Pony: The Movie (2017 film)\"\nexclusive \"\"Equestria Girls\"\" animated short, and the \"\"Hanazuki: Full of Treasures\"\" short bundled with the film's theatrical release. However, the home media release lacks a Dolby Atmos soundtrack and instead has a standard DTS-HD Master Audio 5.1 mix. A home media bundling both this film and the was released on October 16, 2018, commemorating the 35th anniversary of the My Little Pony toy line. The releases contain the same bonus features as its DVD/Blu-ray counterparts. \"\"My Little Pony: The Movie\"\" has grossed $21.8million in the United States and Canada, and $38.5million in other territories, for a worldwide total of $60.3million", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 10 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8118111", "chunk_text": "\"My Little Pony (2010 toyline)\"\non October 6, 2017, in the United States, the new \"\"\"\" is Hasbro's first animated feature film from its Allspark Pictures film division. It will be distributed worldwide by Lionsgate, with the exception of China. Thiessen will be directing the film with McCarthy writing the film and act as the film's co-executive producer alongside Mike Vogel. Originally, Joe Ballarini was the scriptwriter for the film. The film concerns the \"\"Mane Six\"\" ponies – Twilight Sparkle, Applejack, Fluttershy, Pinkie Pie, Rainbow Dash, and Rarity – journeying beyond Equestria to stop a threat looming over their hometown of Ponyville. Hasbro's president, Stephan", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 11 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7891787", "chunk_text": "\"My Little Pony: The Movie (2017 film)\"\nonline on June 28, 2017, and was released with \"\"Despicable Me 3\"\" two days later. Another trailer was released by \"\"USA Today\"\" online on September 12, 2017. The same day, the official \"\"My Little Pony\"\" Facebook page hosted a live Q&A stream with two of the movie's characters, Pinkie Pie (voiced by Andrea Libman) and Twilight Sparkle (voiced by Tara Strong). Another trailer was played during the season 12 finale of \"\"America's Got Talent\"\" on September 20, 2017. On September 27, 2017, the official \"\"My Little Pony\"\" Facebook page hosted a live Q&A stream with art director Rebecca Dart, who", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 12 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10178650", "chunk_text": "\"My Little Pony: The Movie (2017 film)\"\nMy Little Pony: The Movie (2017 film) My Little Pony: The Movie is a 2017 animated musical fantasy film based on the television series \"\"\"\", which was developed as part of the 2010 re-launch of the \"\"My Little Pony\"\" franchise by Hasbro. The film was directed by Jayson Thiessen and based on a story and screenplay co-written by Meghan McCarthy, both \"\"Friendship Is Magic\"\" veterans. The plot follows the alicorn , her five pony friends – collectively known as the \"\"Mane 6\"\" – and her dragon assistant embarking on a quest to save their home of Equestria from an evil", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 13 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8232741", "chunk_text": "\"My Little Pony: Equestria Girls\"\nthe alternative universe counterpart of Twilight Sparkle, a student at Crystal Prep, is forced by Principal Abacus Cinch to disrupt Friendship Games (a sporting event held every four years with Canterlot High) with magic. On October 3, 2015, CEO of Hasbro Studios Stephen Davis said that a fourth film, subtitled \"\"\"\", was in development. The film was released on Netflix on October 1, 2016, and the home media release followed on November 1, 2016. In the film, the protagonists follow the damages at Camp Everfree caused by a creature so-called Gaea Everfree. The four films are then followed by the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 14 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7891782", "chunk_text": "\"My Little Pony: The Movie (2017 film)\"\n11. An album containing the background music scores from the film is scheduled for a November 16, 2018 release. Sia contributed an original song to the film, \"\"Rainbow\"\", which was released as a single on September 15, 2017. A music video for the song later released by \"\"Entertainment Weekly\"\" on September 19. The video was directed by Daniel Askill and features a dance performance by Maddie Ziegler, a previous collaborator with Sia, intercut to scenes from the film. Danish band Lukas Graham also contributed an original song for the film titled \"\"Off to See the World\"\", which was used in", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 15 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1862028", "chunk_text": "\"Teen Titans Go! To the Movies\"\nsoundtrack consists of songs that the cast sing throughout the movie and the musical score composed by Jared Faber. The film was released in theaters on July 27, 2018, by Warner Bros., followed by a United Kingdom bow a week later. It was released in Australian theaters on September 13, 2018. An early screening was held on June 22 at Vidcon 2018, for both badge members and YouTubers. The film was also shown at the San Diego Comic-Con International on July 20, 2018. The film's theatrical release was preceded by \"\"The Late Batsby\"\", a short film based on Lauren Faust's", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 16 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7891779", "chunk_text": "\"My Little Pony: The Movie (2017 film)\"\n. According to art director Rebecca Dart, they wanted to keep to the look and feel of the television show, and the use of Toon Boom Harmony enabled them to add \"\"simple yet impactful changes\"\" to the designs for the big screen, such as depth and shadows for their eyes and ears, and the impression of heart-shaped indentations on the bottom of their hooves. The production of the film ended by July 29, 2017. The production crew used simple 3D modeling in Autodesk Maya as to determine camera locations, lens, and angles, rough lighting, character and prop placement, and which", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 17 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7460093", "chunk_text": "\"Wonder Park\"\n2018, and by August 2017, it was pushed back for a final time from August 10, 2018 to March 15, 2019. On July 9, 2018, the first teaser trailer was released, and it was screened theatrically with \"\"\"\", \"\"Christopher Robin\"\" and \"\"Instant Family\"\". The first official poster was released on October 30, 2018. The second trailer was released two weeks later on November 14, was screened theatrically with \"\"Ralph Breaks the Internet\"\" and it featured the song \"\"Go Big or Go Home\"\" by American Authors. The second official poster was released on December 6. Prior to the movie's release, Paramount", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 18 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2438127", "chunk_text": "\"My Little Pony: The Movie (soundtrack)\"\nMy Little Pony: The Movie (soundtrack) My Little Pony: The Movie (Original Motion Picture Soundtrack) is the soundtrack album to the 2017 film \"\"\"\". The soundtrack album was released on September 22, 2017 by RCA Records. Most of the film's songs and its score were composed by \"\"\"\" songwriter Daniel Ingram, who first announced at GalaCon 2015 that he would be collaborating with a live studio orchestra for the film. On his songwriting for the film, Ingram said, \"\"I had to challenge myself to push beyond what had been done in the TV show; to write bigger, more epic.\"\" At", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 19 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9460138", "chunk_text": "\"Pokémon the Movie: The Power of Us\"\nsong titled \"\"Breath\"\". Anime News Network founder, Justin Sevakis, said in an Answerman post about music changes in dubs that a source close to the production of the English adaptation confirmed that the score will not be replaced, as it did for the past few years. The movie premiered in Japanese theaters on July 13, 2018, received a limited release in the United Kingdom, Ireland, United States, and Canada starting on November 24, 2018 to December 1, 2018 plus additional screening on December 3, 2018 in United States by Fathom Events and will be released in Australia and New Zealand", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 20 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14734279", "chunk_text": "\"Ralph Breaks the Internet\"\nIt was released digitally on November 16, 2018, and on CD on November 30, 2018. On June 30, 2016, Walt Disney Animation Studios initially announced that the sequel, titled \"\"Ralph Breaks the Internet: Wreck-It Ralph 2\"\", would be released on March 9, 2018. However, in April 2017, \"\"A Wrinkle in Time\"\" took over its date, and the film was pushed back to November 21, 2018. In July 2018, Disney shortened the film's title to \"\"Ralph Breaks the Internet\"\". The film was released in 3D, 2D, Dolby Cinema and IMAX 3D. The first official clip named \"\"KnowsMore\"\" was released on World", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 21 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19034901", "chunk_text": "\"My Little Pony: Best Gift Ever\"\ncomposed by Daniel Ingram with lyric writing shared between Ingram and Michael Vogel. Apple Bloom (Michelle Creber), Scootaloo (Madeleine Peters), Sweetie Belle (Claire Corlett), Big McIntosh, Sugar Belle, Granny Smith, Grand Pear, Igneous Rock Pie, Cloudy Quartz, and Parcel Post (Sam Vincent) sing during \"\"One More Day\"\", but are uncredited. The special premiered on October 27, 2018 on Discovery Family. The special is available on Netflix as of November 25, 2018 in the United States and Canada. The special was released on DVD on November 26, 2018 in the United Kingdom and distributed by Hasbro Trinity. The holiday special is", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 22 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1862026", "chunk_text": "\"Teen Titans Go! To the Movies\"\nthe film ends telling kids to \"\"ask [their] parents where babies come from.\"\" In a mid-credits scene, the Teen Titans from the 2003-2006 series show up on a distorted screen telling the viewers that they \"\"found a way back.\"\" In a post-credits scene, the Challengers of the Unknown are still trapped with their leader postulating that they missed the movie. On September 25, 2017, Warner Bros. announced the film and its release date of July 27, 2018, with the show's cast reprising their roles. A month later, the film's title and teaser poster debuted, and it was announced that Will", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 23 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1862018", "chunk_text": "\"Teen Titans Go! To the Movies\"\nfrom the series, while Will Arnett (who also produced the film) and Kristen Bell join the cast. It was theatrically released in the United States and Canada on July 27, 2018, by Warner Bros. The film has grossed over $51 million worldwide against a $10 million budget and received positive reviews from critics, with praise toward the cast and humor. In Jump City, the Teen Titans arrive to stop the Balloon Man. When he cannot figure out who they are, the Teen Titans jump into a rap song to introduce themselves and become distracted, forcing the Justice League to intervene.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 24 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2555243", "chunk_text": "\"Nickelodeon Movies\"\nthough merely as a label partner as Paramount vacillated several times about including the Nickelodeon Movies vanity card within the film. It was released on January 13, 2017 as a critical and box-office disappointment. An original animated feature produced by Paramount Animation and Nickelodeon Movies in association with Ilion Animation Studios titled \"\"Wonder Park\"\" is scheduled to be released on March 15, 2019. The same year, a television series based on it will also debut on Nickelodeon. On October 23, 2017, Paramount Pictures announced a live-action film adaptation of the Nick Jr. series \"\"Dora the Explorer\"\". Produced by Paramount Players,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 25 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16982841", "chunk_text": "\"Diary of a Wimpy Kid: The Long Haul (film)\"\nare replaced by a new cast. It was theatrically released on May 19, 2017, by 20th Century Fox. The film grossed $40 million worldwide on a $22 million production cost. One year after the , while at the Corny's family restaurant, the Heffley family — consists of Greg, Rodrick, Frank, Susan and Manny — plans to take a road trip across the USA to attend Meemaw's 90th birthday. However, after Greg and Rowley rescue his younger brother Manny, who got stuck inside a tube in the play area, Greg ends up in a ball pit with a diaper stuck on", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 26 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7891794", "chunk_text": "\"My Little Pony: The Movie (2017 film)\"\npredecessor, is all dressed up in bubbles and cupcakes and rainbows. But it's so jam-packed with rousing girl power, it passes the Bechdel Test with (literally) flying colors.\"\" Amy Nicholson of \"\"Variety\"\" called the film \"\"at once clichéd and exceptional\"\", praising its female characters and calling the story \"\"emotionally wise\"\". My Little Pony: The Movie (2017 film) My Little Pony: The Movie is a 2017 animated musical fantasy film based on the television series \"\"\"\", which was developed as part of the 2010 re-launch of the \"\"My Little Pony\"\" franchise by Hasbro. The film was directed by Jayson Thiessen and", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 27 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19411810", "chunk_text": "\"Warner Bros. Animation\"\ndate was pushed to February 8, 2019. \"\"Storks\"\" was animated by Sony Pictures Imageworks and was met with mixed reviews from critics. On February 10, 2017, Warner Bros. released \"\"The Lego Batman Movie\"\", which received positive reviews from critics. \"\"The Lego Ninjago Movie\"\", based on the \"\"Lego Ninjago\"\" theme of Lego toys, was released September 22, 2017. Upon release, the film was met with mixed reviews from critics. On January 24, 2018, it was announced that an animated \"\"Dr. Seuss' The Cat in the Hat\"\" film was in development as part of a creative partnership with Seuss Enterprises. On May", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 28 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2438129", "chunk_text": "\"My Little Pony: The Movie (soundtrack)\"\nSia's \"\"Rainbow\"\" was released as a single on September 15, 2017. In a Facebook Live session on September 12, 2017, Twilight Sparkle (voiced by Tara Strong) and Pinkie Pie (voiced by Andrea Libman) announced that the song's music video would be released on \"\"Entertainment Weekly\"\" Facebook page on September 14, featuring Sia's regular alter ego played by Maddie Ziegler. \"\"Entertainment Weekly\"\" released the video later on September 19. \"\"Off to See the World\"\" by Lukas Graham was also released on October 5 as a single. Songs from the film not included on the soundtrack are Rachel Platten's modified cover of", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 29 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14357287", "chunk_text": "\"Digimon Adventure tri.\"\nJapan on April 4, 2017, the U.S. on April 24, 2018, the UK on April 30, 2018, and Australia on August 15, 2018. The fifth film, , was released in Japan on September 30, 2017 and North America on May 10, 2018. It was released on region-free DVD and Blu-ray in Japan on November 2, 2017, the U.S. at Anime Expo on July 5, 2018 through July 8, 2018, ahead of a general release on August 7, 2018, the UK on July 30, 2018, and Australia on November 1, 2018. The last film, , was released in Japan on May", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 30 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1400006", "chunk_text": "\"Christopher Robin (film)\"\nCummings as Pooh and Tigger, respectively, are also included in the film. The film's soundtrack, featuring Zanelli and Brion's score, and Sherman's songs, was released on August 3, 2018 Visual effects studios Framestore and Method Studios, are leading the animation for the Hundred Acre Wood characters, with Overall Vfx Supervisor Chris Lawrence and Animation Supervisor Michael Eames leading the teams. \"\"Christopher Robin\"\" premiered in Burbank, California on July 30, 2018, and was released on August 3, 2018 by Walt Disney Studios Motion Pictures. The film was denied release in China, as some have speculated it was due to Chinese netizens", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 31 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5990310", "chunk_text": "\"Pokémon the Movie: I Choose You!\"\nwas released in Japan on July 15, 2017. The Pokémon Company International and Fathom Events released the film on a limited theatrical run in the rest of the world on November 5, 2017, and this was followed by television airings on Disney XD in the United States on November 25, 2017, on CITV in the UK on December 8, 2017, 9Go! in Australia on December 10, 2017 and on Gulli in France on December 25, 2017. Ash Ketchum wakes up late one morning after having broken his alarm clock in his sleep. He eventually makes it to Professor Oak's lab,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 32 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14032998", "chunk_text": "\"A Wrinkle in Time (2018 film)\"\nmillion domestically. \"\"A Wrinkle in Time\"\" premiered at the El Capitan Theatre on February 26, 2018, with a theatrical release on March 9, 2018. With a total production and advertisement budget of around $150 million, the film was a box office bomb, grossing $132 million worldwide. The film received mixed reviews, with critics taking issue \"\"with the film's heavy use of CGI and numerous plot holes\"\" while some \"\"celebrated its message of female empowerment and diversity\"\". Thirteen-year-old middle school student Meg Murry struggles to adjust to both her school and home life ever since her father Alex, a renowned scientist,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 33 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2262542", "chunk_text": "\"Dylan O'Brien\"\nof \"\"American Assassin\"\", an action-thriller in which O'Brien played the titular character Mitch Rapp. After sufficient time for his recovery following his on-set accident and rescheduling of filming, 20th Century Fox settled on a March 2017 start date for principal photography for \"\"The Death Cure\"\". The film premiered on January 26, 2018. All three films opened at number-one at the North American box-office during their opening weekend, and, in worldwide terms, constitute the fourth highest-grossing film series based on young-adult books, after the film series of \"\"Harry Potter\"\", \"\"The Twilight Saga\"\", and \"\"The Hunger Games\"\" respectively, earning over $945 million", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 34 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11284226", "chunk_text": "\"Power Rangers (film)\"\nfilm under his investment firm. The film premiered at the Regency Village Theater in Los Angeles on March 22, 2017, and was released in the United States on March 24, 2017. It was met with mixed reviews upon release, with criticism primarily focusing on its uneven tone, product placement and divergences from its source material, but praise aimed at the performances (particularly Montgomery's and Cyler's). It was also a box office disappointment, grossing $142 million worldwide against a budget of $105 million. In the Cenozoic era, six interplanetary warriors, the Power Rangers, are tasked with protecting life on Earth and", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 35 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10992120", "chunk_text": "\"Illumination (animation company)\"\n2014, and Osaka on April 21, 2017. Other future projects are \"\"The Secret Life of Pets 2\"\", \"\"Minions 2\"\", and \"\"Sing 2\"\". It will be followed by four more untitled films; the release dates are: July 2, 2021, July 1, 2022, December 21, 2022 and June 30, 2023. Other films in development include \"\"Despicable Me 4\"\", and an animated film based on the \"\"Mario\"\" franchise with a co-production with Nintendo. In January 2018, then-Nintendo President Tatsumi Kimishima stated that, if plans go smoothly, a \"\"Mario\"\" movie could happen by 2020. On January 31, 2018, Nintendo announced during a fiscal meeting", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 36 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7766288", "chunk_text": "\"The Happytime Murders\"\nsigned on in May 2017. Filming began in Los Angeles that September, and involved the use of over 120 puppets. The release marks the film debut of Henson Alternative, a banner of The Jim Henson Company that specializes in adult content. \"\"The Happytime Murders\"\" was released on August 24, 2018, by STXfilms. It received generally negative reviews from critics and was a box office bomb, grossing $27.5 million worldwide against a total of its $40–47 million budget. In a world where puppets coexist with humans but are treated as second-class citizens, Phil Phillips was the first puppet cop on the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 37 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15541860", "chunk_text": "\"Ralph Breaks the Internet\"\nand was released in the United States on November 21, 2018. The film has grossed over $286 million worldwide and received positive reviews from critics, who called it a \"\"worthy successor\"\" and praised the animation, humor, characters, and storyline, as well as the vocal performances of Reilly and Silverman. The film received a Best Animated Feature nomination at the 76th Golden Globe Awards and 24th Critics' Choice Awards. Wreck-It Ralph and Vanellope von Schweetz have been best friends since their misadventures six years prior, hanging out every night after work in Litwak's Family Fun Center and Arcade. While Ralph is", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 38 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15220309", "chunk_text": "\"Sgt. Stubby: An American Hero\"\nWar I accessible to children. The film was released in North America on April 13, 2018. On June 15, 2017, Fun Academy Motion Pictures released a teaser trailer for the film on their YouTube channel. On December 1, 2017, the first theatrical teaser trailer was released in theaters across North America. In the United States and Canada, \"\"Sgt. Stubby: An American Hero\"\" was released alongside the openings of \"\"Truth or Dare\"\" and \"\"Rampage\"\", and the wide expansion of \"\"Isle of Dogs\"\", and was projected to gross around $2 million from 1,685 theaters in its opening weekend. It made $350,000 on", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 39 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7092356", "chunk_text": "\"Christopher Robin (film)\"\nChristopher Robin as he has lost his sense of imagination, only to be reunited with his old stuffed bear friend, Winnie-the-Pooh. Plans of a live-action \"\"Winnie the Pooh\"\" adaptation were announced in April 2015, and Forster was confirmed as director in November 2016. McGregor signed on as Christopher Robin in April 2017 and principal photography began in August of that year in the United Kingdom, lasting until November. \"\"Christopher Robin\"\" had its premiere in Burbank, California on July 30, 2018. Released in the United States on August 3, 2018, by Walt Disney Studios Motion Pictures, the film grossed over $197", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 40 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12354848", "chunk_text": "\"My Little Pony: The Movie (2017 film)\"\nDobson, Rondel Reynoldson, Jason Simpson, Sarah Troyer, and Siobhan Williams. At San Diego Comic-Con International in 2012, \"\"Friendship Is Magic\"\" head writer Meghan McCarthy commented on the possibility of a feature film based on the series, saying that it was not in her control whether or not the film would be made. The film was announced on October 20, 2014, with Joe Ballarini attached as screenwriter and McCarthy as co-executive producer. Hasbro Studios president Stephan Davis said of the film that \"\"I think it gives us an opportunity to tell a bigger story, that maybe we [can't] tell on television\"\"", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 41 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14357286", "chunk_text": "\"Digimon Adventure tri.\"\nNovember 6, 2017, and Australia on February 21, 2018. The third film, , was released in Japan on September 24, 2016, North America on July 1, 2017, and Germany and Austria on August 13, 2017. It was released on region-free DVD and Blu-ray in Japan on November 2, 2016, Germany on October 30, 2017, the U.S. on December 5, 2017, the UK on December 18, 2017, and Australia on March 7, 2018. The fourth film, , was released in Japan on February 25, 2017 and North America on February 1, 2018. It was released on region-free DVD and Blu-ray in", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 42 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12588075", "chunk_text": "\"Dumplin' (film)\"\non August 21, 2017, in Covington, Georgia and ended in October. In September 2018, Netflix acquired distribution rights to the film. It was released on December 7, 2018. On review aggregator Rotten Tomatoes, \"\"Dumplin\"\" holds an approval rating of 81% based on 48 reviews, with an average rating of 6.5/10. The website's critical consensus reads, \"\"Elevated by a solid soundtrack and a terrific cast, \"\"Dumplin\"\" offers sweetly uplifting drama that adds just enough new ingredients to a reliably comforting formula.\"\" On Metacritic, the film has a weighted average score of 53 out of 100, based on 15 critics, indicating \"\"mixed", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 43 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15445254", "chunk_text": "\"My Little Pony: Equestria Girls – Rainbow Rocks\"\nG). In the United Kingdom, the film was theatrically released on October 25 and 26, 2014. The film was theatrically released on November 15, 2014, in Australia. The film was released on DVD and Blu-ray by Shout! Factory on October 28, 2014, in Region 1. Special features include a new featurette, the eight prelude animated shorts, a sing-along song, and an audio commentary on the film by writer Meghan McCarthy, director Jayson Thiessen, co-director Ishi Rudell, vice president of development at Hasbro Studios Michael Vogel, and Hasbro's executive director Brian Lenard. There were also three store exclusives for the United", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 44 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20737456", "chunk_text": "\"The Meg\"\nBros. Pictures in the United States, \"\"The Meg\"\" was originally scheduled to open March 2, 2018. Warner and Gravity then said that the film would be released during the 2018 Chinese New Year period in China, a week-long annual holiday that kicked off on February 16, 2018. The film was later pushed back to its eventual date of August 10, 2018, in 3D and IMAX. The first official trailer was released on April 9, 2018. The studio spent $140 million on global prints and advertisement for the film. \"\"The Meg\"\" was released for digital download on October 30, 2018, and", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 45 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15238874", "chunk_text": "\"Super Troopers 2\"\njoined the cast. On August 2, 2017, Broken Lizard announced, via their website, that they had finished post-production on the film. \"\"Super Troopers 2\"\" was released by Fox Searchlight Pictures on April 20, 2018, more than 17 years after the original film premiered. In the United States and Canada, \"\"Super Troopers 2\"\" was released alongside \"\"I Feel Pretty\"\" and \"\"Traffik\"\", and was originally projected to gross around $6 million from 2,038 theaters in its opening weekend. However, after making $7.9 million on its first day (including $1.35 million from Thursday night previews), weekend estimates were raised to $16 million. It", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 46 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18240775", "chunk_text": "\"Coco (2017 film)\"\nin the film, and another movie chain held a contest to become an interviewer for the cast and crew of the film. \"\"Coco\"\" was released in Mexico on October 27, 2017, the weekend before Día de los Muertos. The film was released in the United States on November 22, 2017, during the Thanksgiving weekend, and three weeks after Día de los Muertos, and in the United Kingdom on January 19, 2018. The film was released in a crowded market, preceded by \"\"\"\", \"\"Justice League\"\" and another animated film, \"\"The Star\"\", and followed by \"\"\"\" and another animated film, \"\"Ferdinand\"\" three", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 47 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6920932", "chunk_text": "\"My Little Pony: Equestria Girls – Friendship Games\"\nGirls\"\" film, subtitled \"\"\"\", was released on Netflix on October 1, 2016. The students of Canterlot High School prepare for the Friendship Games, an academic and sporting competition regularly held between their school's team, the Wondercolts, and the undefeated from Crystal Prep Academy. , who has been observing her friends' magical ability to \"\"pony up\"\" – grow pony-like ears, tails, and wings – whenever they play musical instruments, becomes concerned when transforms during a pep rally, seemingly at random. Tasked with finding the cause of this development, Sunset attempts to contact in Equestria for advice, but receives no response. Meanwhile,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 48 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2793508", "chunk_text": "\"The Secret Life of Pets\"\nfilm's characterisation, and noted that the relationship between Max and Duke was akin to \"\"Woody and Buzz Lightyear all over again.\"\" In August 2016, it was announced that there would be a sequel with director Chris Renaud, producers Chris Meledandri and Janet Healy, and writer Brian Lynch, with a release date of July 13, 2018. On January 25, 2017, its release date was pushed back to July 3, 2019. On August 15, 2017, its release date was moved forward to June 7, 2019. On November 10, 2017, it was announced that Louis C.K. would not be reprising his role as", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 49 } ]
test_3545	who made the first spanish landing on the mainland of north america?	n/a	[ "1535", "Christopher Columbus" ]	[]	n/a	n/a	n/a	[]	[ { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4836105", "chunk_text": "\"Maritime history of Colonial America\"\nAmericas. Spanish explorers also reached the present-day United States. The first confirmed landing in the continental US was by a Spaniard, Juan Ponce de León, who landed in 1513 at a lush shore he christened La Florida. The Spanish sent some settlers, creating the first permanent European settlement in the continental United States at St. Augustine, Florida, in 1565 and later Santa Fe, New Mexico, San Antonio, Tucson, San Diego, Los Angeles and San Francisco. Most Spanish settlements were along the California coast or the Sante Fe River in New Mexico. The first successful English colony was established in 1607,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 0 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2500576", "chunk_text": "\"Spanish Empire\"\nHispaniola, the newly appointed Diego Columbus, with the same legal authority as Ovando. The first settlement on the mainland was Santa María la Antigua del Darién in Castilla de Oro (now Nicaragua, Costa Rica, Panama and Colombia), settled by Vasco Núñez de Balboa in 1510. In 1513, Balboa crossed the Isthmus of Panama, and led the first European expedition to see the Pacific Ocean from the West coast of the New World. In an action with enduring historical import, Balboa claimed the Pacific Ocean and all the lands adjoining it for the Spanish Crown. The judgment of Seville of May", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 1 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19374778", "chunk_text": "\"Hispanic and Latino Americans\"\nconfirmed European landing in the continental United States was by Juan Ponce de León, who landed in 1513 at a lush shore he christened \"\"La Florida\"\". Within three decades of Ponce de León's landing, the Spanish became the first Europeans to reach the Appalachian Mountains, the Mississippi River, the Grand Canyon and the Great Plains. Spanish ships sailed along the East Coast, penetrating to present-day Bangor, Maine, and up the Pacific Coast as far as Oregon. From 1528 to 1536, Álvar Núñez Cabeza de Vaca and three fellows (including an African named Estevanico), from a Spanish expedition that foundered, journeyed", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 2 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10991582", "chunk_text": "\"Spanish settlement of Puerto Rico\"\nSpanish settlement of Puerto Rico Spanish settlement of Puerto Rico began in the early 1500s shortly after the formation of the Spanish state in 1493 (continuing until 1898 as a colony of Spain) and continues to the present day. On 25 September 1493, Christopher Columbus set sail on his second voyage with 17 ships and 1,200–1,500 men from Cádiz, Spain. On 19 November 1493 he landed on the island, naming it San Juan Bautista in honor of Saint John the Baptist. There are two recognized Spanish immigration waves to Puerto Rico: the first arrived during the colonial period, and the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 3 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4315542", "chunk_text": "\"United States\"\nAt the time, the Spanish were able to monopolize the trade between Asia and North America, granting limited licenses to the Portuguese. When the Russians began establishing a growing fur trading system in Alaska, the Spanish began to challenge the Russians, with Pérez's voyage being the first of many to the Pacific Northwest. After having arrived in the Hawaiian islands in 1778, Captain Cook sailed north and then northeast to explore the west coast of North America north of the Spanish settlements in Alta California. He made landfall on the Oregon coast at approximately 44°30′ north latitude, naming his landing", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 4 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20831203", "chunk_text": "\"John Cabot\"\nJohn Cabot John Cabot (; c. 1450 – c. 1500) was an Italian navigator and explorer, born in the Kingdom of Naples. His 1497 discovery of the coast of North America under the commission of Henry VII of England was the first European exploration of coastal North America since the Norse visits to Vinland in the eleventh century. To mark the celebration of the 500th anniversary of Cabot's expedition, both the Canadian and British governments elected Cape Bonavista, Newfoundland, as representing Cabot's first landing site. However, alternative locations have also been proposed. Cabot is known today as \"\"Giovanni Caboto\"\" in", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 5 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10985486", "chunk_text": "\"Fortún Ximénez\"\nFortún Ximénez Fortún Ximénez (; died 1533) was Spanish sailor who led a mutiny during an early expedition along the coast of Mexico and is the first European known to have landed in Baja California. Ximénez was the pilot of a ship, the \"\"Concepción\"\", sent by Hernán Cortés and captained by Diego de Becerra. The ship set out November 30, 1533, to travel north along the coast of New Spain from present-day Manzanillo, Colima, in search of two ships that had been lost without a trace on a similar voyage the previous year. The previous voyages had been in search", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 6 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7603656", "chunk_text": "Hispaniola\n(Saint-Martin) and the Netherlands (Sint Maarten). Hispaniola is the site of the first permanent European settlement in the Americas, founded by Christopher Columbus on his voyages in 1492 and 1493. The island was called by various names by its native people, the Taíno Amerindians. No known Taíno texts exist, hence, historical evidence for those names comes to us through three European historians: the Italian Pietro Martyr d‘Anghiera, and the Spaniards Bartolomé de las Casas and Gonzalo Fernández de Oviedo. Fernández de Oviedo and de las Casas both recorded that the island was called \"\"Quizqueia\"\" (supposedly \"\"Mother of all Lands\"\") by", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 7 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17515521", "chunk_text": "\"Landing of the first Filipinos\"\nLanding of the first Filipinos On 18 October 1587, the first Filipinos landed onto what is now the Continental United States in Morro Bay. They arrived aboard the \"\"Nuestra Señora de Buena Esperanza\"\", which had sailed from Macao, as part of the Manila galleon trade. During about three days of travels ashore around Morro Bay, the crew of the \"\"Nuestra Señora de Buena Esperanza\"\" came in contact with the Chumash people, ultimately resulting in the deaths of two crew members: one Spaniard and one Filipino. Departing Morro Bay after the deaths of the crew members, the \"\"Nuestra Señora de Buena", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 8 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13915479", "chunk_text": "\"Christopher Columbus\"\nColumbus, for his part, continued to the northern coast of Hispaniola, where he landed on 5 December. There, the \"\"Santa María\"\" ran aground on Christmas Day 1492 and had to be abandoned. The wreck was used as a target for cannon fire to impress the native peoples. Columbus was received by the native cacique Guacanagari, who gave him permission to leave some of his men behind. Columbus left 39 men, including Luis de Torres, the \"\"converso\"\" interpreter, who spoke Hebrew and Arabic, and founded the settlement of \"\"La Navidad\"\" at the site of present-day Bord de Mer de Limonade, Haiti.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 9 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16326378", "chunk_text": "\"Spanish colonization of the Americas\"\nquick, from 1519 to 1521, and aided by his Tlaxcala and other allies from indigenous city-states or altepetl. These polities allied against the Aztec empire, to which they paid tribute following conquest or threat of conquest, leaving the city-states' political hierarchy and social structure in place. The Spanish conquest of Yucatán was a much longer campaign, from 1551 to 1697, against the Maya peoples in the Yucatán Peninsula of present-day Mexico and northern Central America. Hernán Cortés' landing ashore at present day Veracruz and founding the Spanish city there on April 22, 1519 marked the beginning of 300 years of", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 10 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20673304", "chunk_text": "\"Landing of the first Filipinos\"\nexplore the Pacific. The Spanish traveled westward with Vasco Núñez de Balboa first seeing the Pacific Ocean from Panama, then the Pacific was crossed by Ferdinand Magellan, who reached the Philippines. The Chumash's first contact with Europeans occurred on 10 October 1542, when Juan Rodríguez Cabrillo's expedition sailed into the area. Their next contact with Europeans would be 45 years later. Beginning in the mid-16th century, led by Miguel López de Legazpi, Spain conducted its campaign to conquer the Philippines, concluding with Spanish forces repelling Chinese ambitions to control Manila. As a consequence of the conquest of the Philippines, in", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 11 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6626054", "chunk_text": "\"History of Hispanic and Latino Americans in the United States\"\n1763 until it was returned in 1800 by the Treaty of San Ildefonso. In 1775, Spanish ships reached Alaska. From 1819 to 1848, the United States and its army increased the nation's area by roughly a third at Spanish and Mexican expense, gaining among others three of today's four most populous states: California, Texas and Florida. The first confirmed landing in the continental US was by a Spaniard, Juan Ponce de León, who landed in 1513 at a lush shore he christened \"\"La Florida\"\". Within three decades of Ponce de León's landing, the Spanish became the first Europeans to reach", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 12 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20684543", "chunk_text": "\"Exploration of North America\"\nlocation is disputed. While it is true that Columbus visited Puerto Rico and the Virgin Islands in 1493, Ponce de Leon was the first known European to reach the present-day United States mainland. On September 25, 1513, Spanish conquistador Vasco Núñez de Balboa was the first European to see the Pacific Ocean once he crossed the Isthmus of Panama. He claimed all the territory touching it for the Crown, later to affect colonization of Las Californias. Around 1519-1521, Portuguese explorer João Álvares Fagundes explored the coasts of Newfoundland, Labrador and Nova Scotia, with a mission to create colonies. In 1524,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 13 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6523483", "chunk_text": "\"European colonization of the Americas\"\nEuropean colonization of the Americas The European colonization of the Americas describes the history of the settlement and establishment of control of the continents of the Americas by most of the naval powers of Western Europe. Systematic European colonization began in 1492, when a Spanish expedition headed by the Italian explorer Christopher Columbus sailed west to find a new trade route to the Far East but inadvertently landed in what came to be known to Europeans as the \"\"New World\"\". He ran aground on the northern part of Hispaniola on 5 December 1492, which the Taino people had inhabited since", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 14 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10820418", "chunk_text": "Hispanophone\nStates. Other Spanish explorers of the United States make up a long list that includes, among others, Lucas Vásquez de Ayllón, Pánfilo de Narváez, Sebastián Vizcaíno, Juan Rodríguez Cabrillo, Gaspar de Portolà, Pedro Menéndez de Avilés, Álvar Núñez Cabeza de Vaca, Tristán de Luna y Arellano, and Juan de Oñate. In all, Spaniards probed half of today's lower 48 states before the first English colonization attempt at Roanoke Island in 1585. The Spanish created the first permanent European settlement in the continental United States, at St. Augustine, Florida, in 1565. Santa Fe, New Mexico also predates Jamestown, Virginia (founded in", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 15 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10820416", "chunk_text": "Hispanophone\nnation's total population by the year 2050. Historically, a continuous Hispanic presence in the territory of the United States has existed since the 16th century, earlier than any other group after the Amerindians. Spaniards pioneered the present-day United States. The first confirmed European landing on the continent was that of Juan Ponce de León, who landed in 1513 on the shore he christened \"\"La Florida\"\". Within three decades of Ponce de León's landing, the Spanish became the first Europeans to reach the Appalachian Mountains, the Mississippi River, the Grand Canyon, and the Great Plains. Spanish ships sailed along the East", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 16 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16326375", "chunk_text": "\"Spanish colonization of the Americas\"\nindigenous Taino people, the town of Isabella was begun in 1493, on his second voyage. In 1496 his brother, Bartholomew, founded Santo Domingo. By 1500, despite a high death rate, there were between 300 and 1000 Spanish settled in the area. The local Taíno people continued to resist, refusing to plant crops and abandoning their Spanish-occupied villages. The first mainland explorations were followed by a phase of inland expeditions and conquest. In 1500 the city of Nueva Cádiz was founded on the island of Cubagua, Venezuela, followed by the founding of Santa Cruz by Alonso de Ojeda in present-day Guajira", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 17 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4386255", "chunk_text": "\"Spanish missions in California\"\nregion of Alta California. Unknown to Spain, Sir Francis Drake, an English privateer who pillaged Spanish ships and settlements, claimed the Alta California region for England in 1579, a full generation before the first English landing in Jamestown, Virginia in 1607. During his circumnavigation of the world, Drake anchored in a harbor just north of present-day San Francisco, California, and claimed the territory for Queen Elizabeth I. To preserve an uneasy peace with Spain and to avoid the prospect of Spain threatening England's claims in the New World, Queen Elizabeth I ordered Drake's discovery and claim kept secret. However, it", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 18 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18677783", "chunk_text": "\"Colonial history of the United States\"\nfrom Cádiz. On November 19, 1493 he landed on the island of Puerto Rico, naming it \"\"San Juan Bautista\"\" in honor of Saint John the Baptist. The first European colony, Caparra, was founded on August 8, 1508 by Juan Ponce de León, a lieutenant under Columbus, who was greeted by the Taíno Cacique Agüeybaná and who later became the first governor of the island. Ponce de Leon was actively involved in the Higuey massacre of 1503 in Puerto Rico. In 1508, Sir Ponce de Leon was chosen by the Spanish Crown to lead the conquest and slavery of the Taíno", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 19 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10188034", "chunk_text": "\"Spanish colonization of the Americas\"\npeninsula. Cumaná in Venezuela was the first permanent settlement founded by Europeans in the mainland Americas, in 1501 by Franciscan friars, but due to successful attacks by the indigenous people, it had to be refounded several times, until Diego Hernández de Serpa's foundation in 1569. The Spanish founded San Sebastian de Uraba in 1509 but abandoned it within the year. There is indirect evidence that the first permanent Spanish mainland settlement established in the Americas was Santa María la Antigua del Darién. The Spanish conquest of Mexico is generally understood to be the Spanish conquest of the Aztec Empire (1519–21)", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 20 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19173374", "chunk_text": "\"Spanish conquest of the Muisca\"\nMartinique on June 15 and he continued his journey northwestward to reach Santo Domingo on June 29. As he was denied port in the Caribbean capital, Columbus sailed in the direction of Jamaica and from there to Guanaja, one of the Bay Islands off the coast of later Honduras, arriving one month later. On August 14, 1502, he landed as first European on the mainland of Central America, at a settlement that would later be called Puerto Castilla. Over the course of the next two months, Columbus explored the Caribbean Mosquito Coast of later Honduras, Nicaragua and Costa Rica, reaching", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 21 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14675631", "chunk_text": "\"Christopher Columbus\"\nastronomy, and history. He formulated a plan to seek a western sea passage to the East Indies, hoping to profit from the lucrative spice trade. After years of lobbying, the Catholic Monarchs of Spain agreed to sponsor a journey west, in the name of the Crown of Castile. Columbus left Spain in August 1492 with three ships, and after a stopover in the Canary Islands made landfall in the Americas on 12 October (now celebrated as Columbus Day). His landing place was an island in the Bahamas, known by its native inhabitants as Guanahani; its exact location is uncertain. Columbus", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 22 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17069303", "chunk_text": "\"La Isabela\"\nLa Isabela La Isabela in Puerto Plata, Dominican Republic was one of the first European settlements in the Americas. La Navidad, established by Christopher Columbus a year earlier and just slightly to the west of La Isabela, in what is present day Haiti, is considered the first in the New World. The only earlier European settlements in the Americas were settlements by the Vikings in Greenland and Newfoundland which dated from 500 years earlier. Founded by Columbus during his second voyage in December 1493, La Isabela was named after Queen Isabella I of Castile. The Fort of La Navidad, which", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 23 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2062982", "chunk_text": "\"United States\"\n1492, other explorers followed. The first Europeans to arrive in the territory of the modern United States were Spanish conquistadors such as Juan Ponce de León, who made his first visit to Florida in 1513; however, if unincorporated territories are accounted for, then credit would go to Christopher Columbus who landed in Puerto Rico on his 1493 voyage. The Spanish set up the first settlements in Florida and New Mexico such as Saint Augustine and Santa Fe. The French established their own as well along the Mississippi River. Successful English settlement on the eastern coast of North America began with", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 24 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10188028", "chunk_text": "\"Spanish colonization of the Americas\"\nSpanish colonization of the Americas The overseas expansion under the Crown of Castile was initiated under the royal authority and first accomplished by the Spanish \"\"conquistadors\"\". The Americas were incorporated into the Spanish Empire, with the exception of Brazil, Canada, and several other small countries in South America and The Caribbean. The crown created civil and religious structures to administer the region. The motivations for colonial expansion were trade and the spread of the Catholic faith through indigenous conversions. Beginning with the 1492 arrival of Christopher Columbus in the Caribbean and continuing control of vast territory for over three centuries,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 25 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10985488", "chunk_text": "\"Fortún Ximénez\"\nlocal natives. The survivors returned to New Spain with the story of having black pearls, which prompted further exploration of the \"\"Island\"\" of Santa Cruz, as Cortés named the peninsula. The stories of the survivors prompted several follow-up expeditions by Cortés in the following years, which resulted in very short-lived pearl fisheries. Fortún Ximénez Fortún Ximénez (; died 1533) was Spanish sailor who led a mutiny during an early expedition along the coast of Mexico and is the first European known to have landed in Baja California. Ximénez was the pilot of a ship, the \"\"Concepción\"\", sent by Hernán Cortés", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 26 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1659133", "chunk_text": "\"Spanish Canadians\"\nof the Virgin Mary in the other, he walked knee-deep into Ocean, and claimed possession of the Pacific Ocean and all adjoining lands (which included British Columbia) for Spain in the name of his Spanish sovereigns on September 13, 1513. Then a Greek born Spanish explorer Juan de Fuca in the service of the king of Spain, Philip II, explored the Strait of Anián in 1592, now known as the Strait of Juan de Fuca, between Vancouver Island, now part of British Columbia, Canada, and northwestern Washington state, United States. People from northwestern Spain known as Basques have been landing", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 27 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19123242", "chunk_text": "\"Captaincy General of Santo Domingo\"\nCaptaincy General of Santo Domingo Santo Domingo, officially Captaincy General of Santo Domingo ( ) was the first colony established in the New World under Spain. The island was named \"\"La Española\"\" (Hispaniola) by Christopher Columbus. In 1511, the courts of the colony were placed under the jurisdiction of the Real Audiencia of Santo Domingo. French buccaneers took over part of the west coast in 1625 and French settlers arrived soon thereafter. After decades of conflicts Spain finally ceded the western third of Hispaniola to France in the Treaty of Ryswick in 1697, thus establishing the basis for the later", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 28 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16284249", "chunk_text": "\"History of North America\"\nNetherlands and Sweden also received holdings on the continent. Settlement by the Spanish started the European colonization of the Americas. They gained control of most of the largest islands in the Caribbean and conquered the Aztec empire, gaining control of present-day Mexico and Central America. This was the beginning of the Spanish Empire in the New World. The first successful Spanish settlement in continental North America was Veracruz founded by Hernán Cortés in 1519, followed by many other settlements in colonial New Spain, including Spanish Florida, Central America, New Mexico, and later California. The Spanish claimed all of North and", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 29 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20684539", "chunk_text": "\"Exploration of North America\"\nQueen Isabella I of Castille. Columbus's Letter on the First Voyage of his discovery of the Bahamas, Cuba, and Hispaniola spread the news across Europe quickly. Columbus rediscovered and explored much of the Lesser Antilles in his second voyage then discovered both Trinidad and Tobago on his third voyage whilst skirting the northern South American coast. His fourth voyage was spent scanning the Central American coast. The Voyages of Christopher Columbus opened the New World. Italian navigator and explorer Giovanni Caboto (known in English as John Cabot) is credited with the discovery of continental North America on June 24, 1497,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 30 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20444823", "chunk_text": "\"Hispanic and Latino Americans\"\nPortolà, Pedro Menéndez de Avilés, Álvar Núñez Cabeza de Vaca, Tristán de Luna y Arellano and Juan de Oñate, and non-Spanish explorers working for the Spanish Crown, such as Juan Rodríguez Cabrillo. In all, Spaniards probed half of today's lower 48 states before the first English colonization effort in 1585 at Roanoke Island off the East Coast. In 1565, the Spanish created the first permanent European settlement in the continental United States, at St. Augustine, Florida. Santa Fe, New Mexico was founded before Jamestown, Virginia (founded in 1607) and the New England Plymouth Colony (1620, of \"\"Mayflower\"\" and Pilgrims fame).", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 31 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "491940", "chunk_text": "\"European colonization of the Americas\"\nthe 7th century; the site became the first permanent European settlement in the Americas. Western European conquest, large-scale exploration and colonization soon followed. Columbus's first two voyages (1492–93) reached the Bahamas and various Caribbean islands, including Hispaniola, Puerto Rico, and Cuba. In 1497, Italian explorer John Cabot, on behalf of England, landed on the North American coast, and a year later, Columbus's third voyage reached the South American coast. As the sponsor of Christopher Columbus's voyages, Spain was the first European power to settle and colonize the largest areas, from North America and the Caribbean to the southern tip of", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 32 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16326374", "chunk_text": "\"Spanish colonization of the Americas\"\nsailing West. The funding came from the queen of Castile, so the profits from Spanish expedition flowed to Castile. In the extension of Spanish sovereignty to its overseas territories, authority for expeditions of discovery, conquest, and settlement resided in the monarchy. Columbus made four voyages to the West Indies as the monarchs granted Columbus the governorship of the new territories, and financed more of his trans-Atlantic journeys. He founded La Navidad on the island later named Hispaniola (now divided into Haiti and the Dominican Republic), in what is the present-day Haiti on his first voyage. After its destruction by the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 33 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12002664", "chunk_text": "\"Age of Discovery\"\na Portuguese navigator sailing for the Spanish Crown, was the first European to set foot in California, landing on September 28, 1542 on the shores of San Diego Bay and claiming California for Spain. He also landed on San Miguel, one of the Channel Islands, and continued as far as Point Reyes. After his death the crew continued exploring as far north as Oregon. The English naval commander Francis Drake sailed along the coast in 1579 somewhere north of Cabrillo's landing site—the actual location of Drake's landing was secret and is still undetermined —and claimed the land for England, calling", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 34 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5273002", "chunk_text": "\"New Albion\"\nthe amount of field study and research as has this location. This district, a nationally significant distinction, provides material evidence of one of the earliest instances of interaction between native people and European explorers on the west coast of what is now the United States of America. This distinction is based on the two historical encounters, Sir Francis Drake's 1579 California landfall and the 1595 Manila Galleon shipwreck, ‘'San Agustin\"\", which was commanded by Sebastian Rodriguez Cermeño. Starting in the seventeenth century, maps identify Drakes Bay as Drake's landing site. In 1793, George Vancouver studied the site, and concluded it", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 35 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18767344", "chunk_text": "\"Adams–Onís Treaty\"\nRussian Navy ship \"\"Saint Peter\"\" (\"\"Апостол Пётр\"\"), captained by Vitus Bering, sighted Mount Saint Elias, the fourth-highest summit in North America. They became the first Europeans to land in northwestern North America. The Russian fur trade soon followed the discovery. By 1812, the Russian Empire claimed Alaska and the Pacific Coast of North America as far south as the Russian settlement of Fortress Ross, only northwest of the Spain's Presidio Real de San Francisco. The Spanish Empire claimed all lands west of the Continental Divide throughout the Americas. Between 1774 and 1779, King Charles III of Spain ordered three naval", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 36 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14924070", "chunk_text": "Haiti\nthe island on 5 December 1492 during the first voyage of Christopher Columbus across the Atlantic. When Columbus initially landed in Haiti, he had thought he had found India or China. On Christmas Day 1492, Columbus' flagship the \"\"Santa Maria\"\" ran aground north of what is now Limonade. As a consequence, Columbus ordered his men to salvage what they could from the ship, and he created the first European settlement in the Americas, naming it La Navidad after the day the ship was destroyed. The island was named \"\"La Española\"\" and claimed by Spain, which ruled until the early 17th", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 37 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13492322", "chunk_text": "\"Rodrigo de Triana\"\nRodrigo de Triana Rodrigo de Triana (born 1469 in Lepe, Huelva, Spain) was a Spanish sailor, believed to be the first European since Leif Ericson to have seen the Americas. Born as Juan Rodrigo Bermejo, Triana was the son of hidalgo and potter Vicente Bermejo and Sereni Betancour. On October 12, 1492, while on Christopher Columbus' ship \"\"La Pinta\"\", he sighted a land which was called by the natives, Guanahani. After spotting the Bahamian island at approximately two o'clock in the morning, he is reported to have shouted \"\"'\"\" (Land! Land!). Columbus claims in his journal that he saw \"\"light\"\"", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 38 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6523496", "chunk_text": "\"European colonization of the Americas\"\nLavrador, Gaspar and Miguel Corte-Real and João Álvares Fagundes, in Newfoundland, Greenland, Labrador, and Nova Scotia (from 1498 to 1502, and in 1520); Jacques Cartier (1491–1557), Henry Hudson (1560s–1611), and Samuel de Champlain (1567–1635), who explored the region of Canada he reestablished as New France. In 1513, Vasco Núñez de Balboa crossed the Isthmus of Panama and led the first European expedition to see the Pacific Ocean from the west coast of the New World. In an action with enduring historical import, Balboa claimed the Pacific Ocean and all the lands adjoining it for the Spanish Crown. It was 1517", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 39 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10188049", "chunk_text": "\"Spanish colonization of the Americas\"\ndramatic collapse (200,000 to 25,000) occurring in the US period (1846–1910). Spanish colonization of the Americas The overseas expansion under the Crown of Castile was initiated under the royal authority and first accomplished by the Spanish \"\"conquistadors\"\". The Americas were incorporated into the Spanish Empire, with the exception of Brazil, Canada, and several other small countries in South America and The Caribbean. The crown created civil and religious structures to administer the region. The motivations for colonial expansion were trade and the spread of the Catholic faith through indigenous conversions. Beginning with the 1492 arrival of Christopher Columbus in the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 40 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1414165", "chunk_text": "\"New Spain\"\n1565, the oldest European city in the United States. Upon his arrival, Viceroy Don Antonio de Mendoza vigorously took to the duties entrusted to him by the King and encouraged the exploration of Spain's new mainland territories. He commissioned the expeditions of Francisco Vásquez de Coronado into the present day American Southwest in 1540–1542. The Viceroy commissioned Juan Rodríguez Cabrillo in the first Spanish exploration up the Pacific Ocean in 1542–1543. Cabrillo sailed far up the coast, becoming the first European to see present day California, United States. The Viceroy also sent Ruy López de Villalobos to the Spanish East", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 41 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2774477", "chunk_text": "\"Vasco Núñez de Balboa\"\nVasco Núñez de Balboa Vasco Núñez de Balboa (; c. 1475around January 12–21, 1519) was a Spanish explorer, governor, and conquistador. He is best known for having crossed the Isthmus of Panama to the Pacific Ocean in 1513, becoming the first European to lead an expedition to have seen or reached the Pacific from the New World. He traveled to the New World in 1500 and, after some exploration, settled on the island of Hispaniola. He founded the settlement of Santa María la Antigua del Darién in present-day Panama in 1510, which was the first permanent European settlement on the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 42 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16326373", "chunk_text": "\"Spanish colonization of the Americas\"\ngiven up in 1898, following the Spanish–American War, together with Guam and the Philippines in the Pacific. Spain's loss of these last territories politically ended the Spanish rule in the Americas. The Catholic Monarchs Isabella of Castile, Queen of Castile and her husband King Ferdinand, King of Aragon, pursued a policy of joint rule of their kingdoms and created a single Spanish monarchy. Even though Castile and Aragon were ruled jointly by their respective monarchs, they remained separate kingdoms. The Catholic Monarchs gave official approval for the plans of Genoese mariner Christopher Columbus for a voyage to reach India by", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 43 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17291621", "chunk_text": "\"New Spain\"\nby superiors in Cuba with a governor on site in New Orleans. The 21 northern missions in present-day California (U.S.) were established along California's El Camino Real from 1769. In an effort to exclude Britain and Russia from the eastern Pacific, King Charles III of Spain sent forth from Mexico a number of expeditions to the Pacific Northwest between 1774 and 1793. Spain's long-held claims and navigation rights were strengthened and a settlement and fort were built in Nootka Sound, Alaska. Spain entered the American Revolutionary War as an ally of the United States and France in June 1779. From", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 44 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14847553", "chunk_text": "\"Spanish diaspora\"\nisland. Christopher Columbus, on his first voyage to the Americas, sailed south from what is now the Bahamas to explore the northeast coast of Cuba and the northern coast of Hispaniola. Columbus discovered the island believing it to be a peninsula of the Asian mainland. In 1511, Diego Velázquez de Cuéllar set out with three ships and an army of 300 men from Santo Domingo to form the first Spanish settlement in Cuba, with orders from Spain to conquer the island. Most heritage comes from Canarians, Asturians, Galicians and Castilians. The native white population are nearly all descendants of the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 45 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20684542", "chunk_text": "\"Exploration of North America\"\nthe discoverer of Brazil. Aragon King Ferdinand II sent Juan Ponce de León from the fledgling colony on Hispaniola to verify rumors of undiscovered land to the northwest. On April 2, 1513, Ponce de León disembarked on the northeast coast of what he named Florida for the crown. The exact location is disputed, but historians have offered the possibilities of St. Augustine, Ponce de León Inlet, and Melbourne Beach. He encountered the powerful Gulf Stream and found a passage through the Florida Keys to land on the southwestern Gulf Coast of Florida on the Gulf of Mexico. Again, the exact", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 46 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13023673", "chunk_text": "\"San Miguel Island\"\nof Cabrillo's visit in 1542 aboard the \"\"San Miguel\"\". San Miguel is the name George Vancouver gave the island on his 1793 chart. The first European explorer to land was the explorer Juan Rodríguez Cabrillo in 1542, who commanded three Spanish ships that spent several weeks on the island while exploring the Santa Barbara Channel and California Coast. Cabrillo died on the island and is thought by many to have been buried there. The last of the island Chumash were removed to mainland missions and towns in the 1820s, leaving San Miguel largely uninhabited until ranchers raised sheep there from", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 47 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8631748", "chunk_text": "\"Hernán Cortés\"\nHernán Cortés Hernán Cortés de Monroy y Pizarro Altamirano, Marquis of the Valley of Oaxaca (; ; 1485 – December 2, 1547) was a Spanish \"\"Conquistador\"\" who led an expedition that caused the fall of the Aztec Empire and brought large portions of what is now mainland Mexico under the rule of the King of Castile in the early 16th century. Cortés was part of the generation of Spanish colonizers who began the first phase of the Spanish colonization of the Americas. Born in Medellín, Spain, to a family of lesser nobility, Cortés chose to pursue adventure and riches in", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 48 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7583627", "chunk_text": "\"Spanish Canadians\"\nThrough the Treaty of Tordesillas signed June 7, 1494 the Pope Alexander VI divided the New World between Spain and Portugal. Portugal received the eastern portion of Brazil and Spain received the rest, which included Canada.(see Treaty of Tordesillas) Later the Spanish conquistador and explorer Vasco Núñez de Balboa became the first European to see and stand in the waters of the eastern shore of the Pacific Ocean. He accomplished this feat after an arduous trek through the jungles of what is now Panama. Once there Balboa with raised hands, his sword in one and a standard with the image", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 49 } ]
test_3546	what is the ethnic background of the shib sibs?	n/a	[ "Japanese" ]	[]	n/a	n/a	n/a	[]	[ { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6848762", "chunk_text": "\"Sibe people\"\nSibe people The Sibe or Xibo ( ; ) are a Tungusic people living mostly in Xinjiang, Jilin (bordering North Korea) and Shenyang in Liaoning. The Sibe form one of the 56 ethnic groups officially recognized by China. The Sibe are known by several variations of their name. The self-appellation of the Sibe people is pronounced \"\"Śivə\"\", the official Chinese term is \"\"Xibo\"\", in Russian literature the terms \"\"sibin'ci\"\"/\"\"šibin'ci\"\" are used, while in English works the name \"\"Sibe\"\" has been established, which corresponds to the written form. According to the Russian scholar Elena P. Lebedeva, the Sibe people originated as", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 0 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3682368", "chunk_text": "\"Sib Chandra Deb\"\nSib Chandra Deb Sib Chandra Deb ( \"\"Shib Chôndro Deb\"\") (also spelt Shib Chandra Deb, Shibchandra Deb, Shib Chander Deb) (20 July 1811 – 12 November 1890) was one of the leading Derozians, virtually the first generation of English-knowing Indians. He had joined Hindu College in 1825 and was subsequently drawn towards Derozio. Sivanath Sastri recalls that even in his old age he fondly recalled in detail what Derozio used to say. A brilliant student he won a scholarship while studying at Hindu College. As a student, he occasionally attended the meetings of the Brahmo Sabha established by Raja Rammohun", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 1 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6394595", "chunk_text": "\"Sib Chandra Deb\"\nSamaj\"\". Saratkumari Deb has given vivid details of the wedding ceremony in her book \"\"Amar Sansar\"\". Sib Chandra Deb Sib Chandra Deb ( \"\"Shib Chôndro Deb\"\") (also spelt Shib Chandra Deb, Shibchandra Deb, Shib Chander Deb) (20 July 1811 – 12 November 1890) was one of the leading Derozians, virtually the first generation of English-knowing Indians. He had joined Hindu College in 1825 and was subsequently drawn towards Derozio. Sivanath Sastri recalls that even in his old age he fondly recalled in detail what Derozio used to say. A brilliant student he won a scholarship while studying at Hindu College.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 2 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4691127", "chunk_text": "\"Sib (anthropology)\"\nSib (anthropology) Sib is a technical term in the discipline of anthropology which originally denoted a kinship group among Anglo-Saxon and other Germanic peoples. In an extended sense, it then became the standard term for a variety of other kinds of lineal (matrilineal or patrilineal) or cognatic (i.e.,descended through links of both sexes) kinship groups. The word may also denote a member of such a group. American anthropologists often used the term 'sib' as the generic term for a category that breaks down into the sub-classifications of \"\"patri-sib\"\", referring to patrilineal clan descent, and \"\"matri-sib\"\", to refer to matrilineal clan", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 3 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5097734", "chunk_text": "\"Sebei people\"\nSebei people The Sebei are an ethnic group of Uganda and Sudan. They speak Sebei and Kupsabiny, both Nilotic languages. Many members of this ethnic group live in the Kapchorwa District of Uganda. The Sebei people lead fairly simple lives. The main structures of their lives are centered around cattle keeping, growing crops, and making beer. Common jobs held by the Sebei include cattle keepers and crop farmers. The jobs depend on where you live. Because of their fairly laid back culture, the need for major social structure is limited. There are not many criminal offenses that one could do.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 4 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10162066", "chunk_text": "\"Oulad Bou Sbaa\"\nOulad Bou Sbaa The Oulad Bou Sbaa (var. Oulad Bou Sbaâ, Oulad Bousbae, from \"\"awlād abū sib'a\"\", children of Abu Sib'a, the \"\"Father of the Lions\"\") is a Chorfa/Zaouia tribe, who claim descent from Abu Sib'a, the Idrissid 16th century tribal chief. They live in Morocco, Western Sahara and Mauritania, with members of the tribe holding different nationalities depending on their residence and upbringing. In the 19th and 20th century, the tribe's influence in its core areas of southern Spanish Sahara was diminished and permanently weakened following defeat in bloody battles against the Reguibat tribal confederations, which were then rapidly", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 5 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4691128", "chunk_text": "\"Sib (anthropology)\"\ndescent. Sib (anthropology) Sib is a technical term in the discipline of anthropology which originally denoted a kinship group among Anglo-Saxon and other Germanic peoples. In an extended sense, it then became the standard term for a variety of other kinds of lineal (matrilineal or patrilineal) or cognatic (i.e.,descended through links of both sexes) kinship groups. The word may also denote a member of such a group. American anthropologists often used the term 'sib' as the generic term for a category that breaks down into the sub-classifications of \"\"patri-sib\"\", referring to patrilineal clan descent, and \"\"matri-sib\"\", to refer to matrilineal", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 6 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10162068", "chunk_text": "\"Oulad Bou Sbaa\"\nEly Ould Mohamed Vall. Oulad Bou Sbaa The Oulad Bou Sbaa (var. Oulad Bou Sbaâ, Oulad Bousbae, from \"\"awlād abū sib'a\"\", children of Abu Sib'a, the \"\"Father of the Lions\"\") is a Chorfa/Zaouia tribe, who claim descent from Abu Sib'a, the Idrissid 16th century tribal chief. They live in Morocco, Western Sahara and Mauritania, with members of the tribe holding different nationalities depending on their residence and upbringing. In the 19th and 20th century, the tribe's influence in its core areas of southern Spanish Sahara was diminished and permanently weakened following defeat in bloody battles against the Reguibat tribal confederations,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 7 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9945428", "chunk_text": "\"Sibe people\"\nTraditionally, the Sibe were divided into \"\"hala\"\", male-led clans consisting of people who shared the same surname. Until modern times, the dwellings of the Sibe housed up to three different generations from the same family, since it was believed that while the father was alive no son could break the family clan by leaving the house. The Sibe in northeast China speak Chinese as their first language. In Xinjiang, descendants of the Qing dynasty military garrison speak the Xibe language, a southern Tungusic language that underwent morphophonological changes and the adoption of loanwords from Xinjiang languages including Chinese, Russian, Uyghur,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 8 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16498269", "chunk_text": "Yibir\nin the area long before the arrival of Somali nomads, and that the word \"\"Yibir\"\" means \"\"Hebrew\"\". Despite their putative Jewish origins, the overwhelming majority of the Yibir, like the Somali population in general, adhere to Islam and know practically nothing of Judaism. Their rumored Hebrew origins has been offered as an explanation for the Yibir occupying a subordinate position in Somali society. The Yibir belong to the category of the \"\"sab\"\", a group of minority Somali caste which also includes the Madhiban, Tumaal, and others. The \"\"sab\"\" are oppressed communities in Somalia, who have historically faced \"\"restrictions, prejudice, discrimination", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 9 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14416618", "chunk_text": "\"Shabo people\"\nShabo people The Shabo are an ethnic group of southwestern Ethiopia. They call themselves \"\"Sabu\"\" and are sometimes called \"\"Mikeyir\"\" by their neighbors. Their language is of uncertain classification and shows some similarities with the Nilo-Saharan, particularly Koman, languages. The Shabo live in several dispersed settlements in the regional states of the Gambela Region and the Southern Nations, Nationalities, and People's Region, surrounded by Majangir and Shekkacho peoples, with whom they intermarry. The former have heavily influenced Shabo culture. The Shabo have adopted several customs and elements of material culture (including pottery) from the Majangir. Their livelihood is based on", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 10 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16615381", "chunk_text": "Sibi\nthe area are: Khajjak, Marghzani, Silachi, Saafi, Mizri, Dehpal, Barozai, and Luni. Major Jamot (Sindhi) tribes include: Soomro, Abro, Dayo, Mangrio, Mahar, and Solangi. Major Punjabi clans include: Bhatti Rajput, Rana Rajput, Arain, Malik, Butt, Choudary, Khokhar, and Mughal. Major Brahvi tribes include: Raisani, Bangulzai, GohramZai, Mohummad Shahi, and Lehri. Major Urdu speaking surnames may include: Quraishi, Sheikh, Siddiqui, Abbasi, Ansari, and Yousaf Zai. Siraiki's include Jamali, Machi, Hanbhi and Langah but almost all of them are ethnically diverse. Minorities include Hindus, Christians, and small groups of nomadic people who live mainly in the huts on western corner of the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 11 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "471507", "chunk_text": "\"Haplogroup G-M201\"\na relatively old group despite the small number of men involved. The mutations involved may be complicated and difficult to interpret. G-M377, now also known as G2b1, has previously been designated G2b and G2c. A clade of closely related Ashkenazi Jews represent virtually all G2b persons, with just three other G2b haplotypes having been reported so far: one Turk from Kars in northeast Turkey near Armenia, one Pashtun, and one Burusho in Pakistan. The extreme rarity of G-M377 in northern Pakistan could indicate that G2b in this area originates outside the region and was brought there in the historic period,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 12 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19439934", "chunk_text": "\"Murle people\"\nMurle people The Murle are a Nilotic ethnic group inhabiting the Pibor County and Boma area in Jonglei State, South Sudan, as well as parts of southwestern Ethiopia. They have also been referred as \"\"Beir\"\" by the Dinka and as \"\"Jebe\"\" by the Luo and Nuer, among others. The Murle speak the Murle language, which is part of the Surmic branch of the Nilo-Saharan family. The language cluster includes some adjoining groups in Sudan, as well as some non-contiguous Nilotic populations in southwestern Ethiopia. Murle in most cases practice a blend of animism and Christianity. Elders and witches often function", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 13 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9945429", "chunk_text": "\"Sibe people\"\nand Kazakh. The different ethnicities of Northern Xinjiang have shared music culture and adopted elements from each other's music. Sibe people The Sibe or Xibo ( ; ) are a Tungusic people living mostly in Xinjiang, Jilin (bordering North Korea) and Shenyang in Liaoning. The Sibe form one of the 56 ethnic groups officially recognized by China. The Sibe are known by several variations of their name. The self-appellation of the Sibe people is pronounced \"\"Śivə\"\", the official Chinese term is \"\"Xibo\"\", in Russian literature the terms \"\"sibin'ci\"\"/\"\"šibin'ci\"\" are used, while in English works the name \"\"Sibe\"\" has been established,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 14 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14921375", "chunk_text": "Shiban\nShiban Shiban (Sheiban) or Shayban (, \"\"Shiban\"\"; ) was a prince of the early Golden Horde. He was a grandson of Genghis Khan, the fifth son of Jochi and a younger brother Batu Khan who founded the Golden Horde. His descendants were the Shaybanids who became important about two centuries later. Shiban participated the Mongol invasion of Europe and made decisive attack on the army of Béla IV at the Battle of Mohi in 1241. Because he had not reached his majority when his father died in 1227, he did not receive any lands at that time. Abulghazi says that", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 15 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19194266", "chunk_text": "Somalis\ndo not consider themselves culturally Arabs, except for the shared religion, their presumed noble Arabian origins genealogically unite them. The lower tier was designated as \"\"Sab\"\", and was distinguished by its heterogeneous constitution and agropastoral lifestyle as well as some linguistic and cultural differences. A third Somali caste strata was made up of artisanal groups, which were endogamous and hereditary. Among the caste groups, the \"\"Midgan\"\" were traditionally hunters and circumcision performers. The \"\"Tumal\"\" (also spelled \"\"Tomal\"\") were smiths and leatherworkers, and the Yibir (also spelled \"\"Yebir\"\") were the tanners and magicians. According to the anthropologist Virginia Luling, the artisanal", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 16 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16367761", "chunk_text": "\"Shihab dynasty\"\nShihab dynasty The Shihab dynasty (alternatively spelled Chehab; , ALA-LC: \"\"Shihābiyūn\"\") were a prominent noble family during the Ottoman era in Mount Lebanon. The Shihabs were the traditional princes of the Wadi al-Taym, who traced their lineage to the Banu Makhzum of the ancient Quraysh tribe. The family inherited control over the Mount Lebanon Emirate from the Ma'an dynasty, their kinsmen through marriage, in 1697. This transfer of leadership was decided by the Qaysi faction of the emirate's Druze feudal chiefs and confirmed by the Ottoman authorities, who conferred to the family authority over the tax farms of Mount Lebanon.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 17 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18616990", "chunk_text": "\"Lemba people\"\ncarry a particular haplotype of the Y-chromosome known as the Cohen modal haplotype (CMH), as well as a haplogroup of Y-DNA Haplogroup J found among some Jews, but also in other populations across the Middle East and Arabia. The genetic studies have found no Semitic female contribution to the Lemba gene pool. Among Jews the CMH marker is most prevalent among Kohanim, or hereditary priests. As recounted in Lemba oral tradition, the ancestor of the Buba clan \"\"had a leadership role in bringing the Lemba out of Israel\"\" and eventually into Southern Africa. The genetic study found that 50% of", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 18 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16493659", "chunk_text": "\"Irob people\"\nIrob people The Irob people (Ge'ez: ኢሮብ \"\"ʾirōb\"\", also spelled Erob) are an ethnic group who occupy a predominantly highland, mountainous area by the same name in northeastern Tigray Region, Ethiopia. They speak the Saho language. The majority of them are Ethiopian Catholic, and they are largely agriculturalists. The etymology of the name Irob is debatable, but the elders of the Irob say that the term was derived from Saho word \"\"Oroba\"\", meaning \"\"welcome to our house\"\". The boundaries of Irobland are, to an extent, identical to the Irob woreda; both are bordered by the following areas: Dabri-Mela to the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 19 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2320714", "chunk_text": "Tosks\nTosks The Tosks are one of two major ethnic subgroups of Albanians (the other being the Ghegs) differentiated by their cultural, linguistic, social and religious characteristics. \"\"Tosk\"\" may refer to the Tosk-speaking Albanian population of southern Albania and internal subgroups include the Myzeqars of Myzeqe. The Labs of Labëria (name version in ; , \"\"Liapis\"\") and Chams of Çamëria are separate southern Albanian subgroups which at times are also included in the category of Tosks due to ethno-cultural and dialectal similarities. The Arvanites of Greece and Arbëreshë of Italy are, mainly, descendants of Tosk-speaking settlers, as are the original inhabitants", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 20 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17994876", "chunk_text": "Siddi\nSiddi The Siddi (), also known as Sidi, Siddhi, Sheedi or Habshi, is an ethnic group inhabiting India and Pakistan. Members are descended from the Bantu peoples of the East African region. Some were merchants, sailors, indentured servants, slaves, and mercenaries. The Siddi community is currently estimated at around 50,000–60,000 individuals, with Karnataka, Gujarat and Hyderabad in India and Makran and Karachi in Pakistan as the main population centres. Siddis are primarily Muslims, although some are Hindus and others belong to the Catholic Church. There are conflicting hypotheses on the origin of the name \"\"Siddi\"\". One theory is that the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 21 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8378", "chunk_text": "\"Shish taouk\"\nShish taouk Shish taouk (; ; or \"\"tavuk şiş\"\"; ) is a traditional marinated chicken shish kebab of Middle Eastern cuisine. It is widely eaten in Turkey, Azerbaijan, Lebanon, Egypt, Jordan, Syria, Palestine, Iraq, and Israel. A similar dish in Persian cuisine is the traditional jujeh kabab. It is also served in kebab houses in many cities around the world. \"\"Shish\"\" Syrian-Arabic dialects or \"\"şiş\"\" means skewer in Turkish. Some scholars assert that it is itself a Persian loanword from \"\"sikh\"\", others say that it comes from the root \"\"sı\"\" in old Turkish meaning \"\"to cut\"\" . It has been", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 22 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14202677", "chunk_text": "\"Genetic studies on Jews\"\nrelated they were through IBD. Individuals within the Ashkenazi, Sephardi, and Mizrahi groups shared high levels of IDB, roughly equivalent to that of fourth or fifth cousins. All three groups shared many genetic features, suggesting a common origin dating back more than 2,000 years. The study did find that all three Jewish groups did show various signs of admixture with non Jews, with the genetic profiles of Ashkenazi Jews indicating between 30% and 60% admixture with Europeans, although they clustered more closely with Sephardi and Mizrahi Jews. In July 2010, Bray et al., using SNP microarray techniques and linkage analysis,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 23 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7296413", "chunk_text": "Cushi\n\"\"nigger\"\". Cushi The word Cushi or Kushi ( \"\"kuši\"\") is a term generally used in the Hebrew Bible to refer to a dark-skinned person of African descent, equivalent to Greek Aethiops. The word is a derivation of \"\"Cush\"\" (כּוּשׁ \"\"Kūš\"\"), referring to the ancient Kingdom of Kush which was centered on the Upper Nile and Nubia (modern-day Sudan). Mentioned in the Hebrew Bible, Cushites are considered descendants of Noah's grandson, Cush the son of Ham. In biblical and historical usage, the term \"\"Cushites\"\" (Hamites) refers to individuals of East African origin (Horn of Africa and Sudan). In early Modern Hebrew", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 24 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6848763", "chunk_text": "\"Sibe people\"\na southern, Tungusic-speaking offshoot of the ancient Shiwei people. They lived in small town-like settlements, a portion of them nomadic, in the Songyuan and Qiqihar areas of what is now Jilin. When the Buyeo kingdom was conquered by the Xianbei in 286, the southern Shiwei started practicing agriculture. Some historians have theorized that the Xianbei were the direct progenitors of the Sibe, a theory described as politically motivated. Pamela Kyle Crossley writes the Xianbei might have undergone a language shift from an earlier Turkic or proto-Mongolian language to a Tungusic one. However, the name \"\"Sibe\"\" was not used in historical", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 25 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7918303", "chunk_text": "\"Cushitic peoples\"\nHebrew Bible, Cushites are considered descendants of Noah's grandson, Cush the son of Ham. In biblical and historical usage, the term \"\"Cushites\"\" (Ethiopid race) refers to individuals of East African origin (Horn of Africa and Sudan). The term Cushite then derives from the ancient peoples of northeastern Africa, whose heritage can be traced most clearly in the languages descended from those of the ancient peoples. In broad terms the peoples now designated Cushite are the cultural descendants of those peoples. However, the term Cushite is primarily a linguistic designation, the standard way of referencing people groups, with an ethno-linguistic designation.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 26 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6249084", "chunk_text": "\"Jewish diaspora\"\nJewish samples form a remarkably tight subcluster with common genetic origin, that overlies Druze and Cypriot samples but not samples from other Levantine populations or paired Diaspora host populations. In contrast, Ethiopian Jews (Beta Israel) and Indian Jews (Bene Israel and Cochini) cluster with neighboring autochthonous populations in Ethiopia and western India, respectively, despite a clear paternal link between the Bene Israel and the Levant.\"\". \"\"The most parsimonious explanation for these observations is a common genetic origin, which is consistent with an historical formulation of the Jewish people as descending from ancient Hebrew and Israelite residents of the Levant.\"\" In", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 27 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14078892", "chunk_text": "Jews\nJews Jews ( , ) or Jewish people are an ethnoreligious group and a nation, originating from the Israelites and Hebrews of historical Israel and Judah. Jewish ethnicity, nationhood, and religion are strongly interrelated, as Judaism is the traditional faith of the Jewish people, while its observance varies from strict observance to complete nonobservance. Jews originated as an ethnic and religious group in the Middle East during the second millennium BCE, in the part of the Levant known as the Land of Israel. The Merneptah Stele appears to confirm the existence of a people of Israel somewhere in Canaan as", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 28 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2320686", "chunk_text": "Ghegs\nGhegs The Ghegs or Gegs () are one of two major ethnic subgroups of Albanians (the other being the Tosks) differentiated by their cultural, linguistic, social and religious characteristics. The Ghegs live in Albania (north of the Shkumbin river), Kosovo, Macedonia and Montenegro. The name Gheg is derived from the term initially used by Orthodox population of pre-Ottoman Albania for confessional denotation when referring to their Catholic neighbors who converted to Catholicism to better resist the Orthodox Serbs. The Ghegs speak Gheg Albanian, one of the two main dialects of Albanian language. The social organization of the Ghegs was traditionally", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 29 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16498265", "chunk_text": "Yibir\nAccording to this myth, the rest of the Somali society has ever since paid a small gift to a Yibir after childbirth, as a form of blood compensation. The Yibir have a language (a dialect of Somali) they keep secret from the ruling Somali clans. Although Muslims and ethnically similar to other Somalis, the Yibir caste has been traditionally denigrated, demeaned and discriminated against by higher social strata of the Somali society. The foundational myth for the Yibir involves one Shaykh Yusuf bin Ahmad al-Kawneyn, also known as Aw Barkhadle (Blessed Father), associated with Sheikh Ishaaq, the founder of the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 30 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18616991", "chunk_text": "\"Lemba people\"\nthe males in the Buba clan had the Cohen marker, a proportion higher than found in the general Jewish population. More recently, Mendez et al. (2011) observed that a moderately high frequency of the studied Lemba samples carried Y-DNA Haplogroup T, which is also considered to be of Near Eastern origin. The Lemba T carriers belonged exclusively to T1b, which is rare and was not sampled in indigenous Jews of the Near East or North Africa. T1b has been observed at low frequencies in Ashkenazi Jews as well as in a few Levantine populations. Research published in 2013 in the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 31 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7801661", "chunk_text": "\"Khanate of Sibir\"\nKhanate of Sibir The Khanate of Sibir, also historically called the Khanate of Turan, was a Turkic Khanate located in southwestern Siberia with a Turco-Mongol ruling class. Throughout its history, members of the Shaybanid and Taibugid dynasties often contested the rulership over the Khanate between each other; both of these competing tribes were direct patrilineal descendants of Genghis Khan through his eldest son Jochi and Jochi's fifth son Shayban (Shiban). The area of the Khanate was itself once an integral part of the Mongol Empire, and later came under the control of the White Horde and of the Golden Horde.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 32 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19419752", "chunk_text": "Sheba\nthe Sheba (\"\"Saba\"\" in Ethiopic) who was Joktan's son is considered their primary ancestor, while Sabtah and Sabtechah, sons of Cush, are considered the ancestors of the Cushites. Traditional Yemenite genealogies also mention Saba, son of Qahtan; however, they claim Sabaean descent not from him, but from yet another Saba not mentioned in scripture who was said to be a grandson of Ya'rub and a great-grandson of Qahtan. In the medieval Ethiopian \"\"Kebra Nagast\"\", Sheba was located in Ethiopia. Some scholars therefore point to a region in the northern Tigray Region and Eritrea, which was once called Saba (later called", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 33 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "542476", "chunk_text": "Siddi\nto the authors, the genome-wide ancestry of the Makrani was essentially the same as that of the neighboring Indo-European speaking Balochi and Dravidian-speaking Brahui. Siddi The Siddi (), also known as Sidi, Siddhi, Sheedi or Habshi, is an ethnic group inhabiting India and Pakistan. Members are descended from the Bantu peoples of the East African region. Some were merchants, sailors, indentured servants, slaves, and mercenaries. The Siddi community is currently estimated at around 50,000–60,000 individuals, with Karnataka, Gujarat and Hyderabad in India and Makran and Karachi in Pakistan as the main population centres. Siddis are primarily Muslims, although some are", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 34 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10843593", "chunk_text": "\"Chebo people\"\nChebo people Chebo or Chabo is an ethnic group of the Debub Mirab Shewa Zone and West Shewa Zone of the Oromia Region of south-west Ethiopia. The Chebo speak the Oromo language but originate from a mixture of the Gurage and Sidama ethnic groups. Like other Oromo groups, their religion is Monophysite Christianity, but their ancestral religious practices continue beneath this. The livelihood of the Chebo-Inchini area of Oromia is described as enset (Ethiopian banana), barley, and cattle. One possible explanation of the name Chebo is from the Chebe plant, \"\"Croton gratissimus\"\" (lavender croton), which is normally burned during \"\"Meskel\"\"", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 35 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17410446", "chunk_text": "\"Shirazi people\"\nthat are frequent in sub-Saharan Africa (E1b1a-M2 (41%) and E2-M90 (14%)). The samples also contain some northern Y chromosomes, indicating possible paternal ancestry from South Iran (E1b1b-V22, E1b1b-M123, F(xF2, GHIJK), G2a, I, J1, J2, L1, Q1a3, R1, R1a*, R1a1 and R2 (29.7%)), and Southeast Asia (O1 (6%)). The Comorians also predominantly bear mitochondrial haplogroups linked with sub-Saharan East African populations in East and South East Africa (L0, L1, L2 and L3′4(xMN) (84.7%)), with the remaining maternal clades associated with Southeast Asia (B4a1a1-PM, F3b and M7c1c (10.6%) and M(xD, E, M1, M2, M7) (4%)) but no Middle Eastern lineages. According to", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 36 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18698767", "chunk_text": "\"Demographics of South Sudan\"\nJuba over the SPM crisis. The Nuer people are significant minorities in the Greater Upper Nile region, consisting of the South Sudan states of Upper Nile, Jonglei, and Unity. The region also has a significant presence from Dinka (and other Nilotic people), the Shilluk people, and Murle people, as well as Moslem Arab tribes. Historically, the Shilluk people (part of the Nilotic group) created the Shilluk Kingdom which existed in Southern Sudan from 1490 to 1865. Their king was considered divine, and is now a traditional chieftain within the governments of both Sudan and the South Sudan state of Upper", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 37 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16496701", "chunk_text": "\"A30-Cw5-B18-DR3-DQ2 (HLA Haplotype)\"\nits origin since there appears to be more recent geneflow between the Mandenka and the Tuareg Berbers. Studies of Rimaibe, Fulbe of Burkino Faso did not reveal the haplotype and many areas of West Africa have not been studied for CwB haplotypes. The CwB haplotype peaks in Sardinia along with the rest of the haplotype and can be found in high resolution studies of the S. Irish, N. Irish, UK Caucasoids, and French. Many older studies did not have the resolution to detect the haplotype below a frequency of 1 percent, but a variety of evidence suggests that it declines", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 38 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1470385", "chunk_text": "\"Sim (Korean surname)\"\nSim (Korean surname) Sim or Shim is a Korean surname. There are six Shim clans in Korea based in the regions of Cheongsong, Pungsan, Samcheok, Buyu, Uiryeong, and Jeonju. The biggest Sim clan is Cheongsong; they comprise about 85% of the all those with the surname Shim. Fourteen percent of all Korean Shims are members of the Pungsan and Samcheok clans. As of 2000, there were 252,255 people with this surname in South Korea, less than 1% of the population. The biggest clan is Cheongsong clan whose founder was General Shim hong-bu in Goryeo Dynasty. The Cheongsong Shim clan has", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 39 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5097737", "chunk_text": "\"Sebei people\"\nthey may seem to be much different from those living in Uganda, they lead very similar lives. Sebei people The Sebei are an ethnic group of Uganda and Sudan. They speak Sebei and Kupsabiny, both Nilotic languages. Many members of this ethnic group live in the Kapchorwa District of Uganda. The Sebei people lead fairly simple lives. The main structures of their lives are centered around cattle keeping, growing crops, and making beer. Common jobs held by the Sebei include cattle keepers and crop farmers. The jobs depend on where you live. Because of their fairly laid back culture, the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 40 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10220092", "chunk_text": "Somalis\nAfrica and the Muslim world. Somalis are ethnically of Cushitic ancestry, but have genealogical traditions of descent from various Arabian patriarchs associated with the spread of Islam. They are segmented into various clan groupings, which are important kinship units that play a central part in Somali culture and politics. Clan families are patrilineal, and are divided into clans, primary lineages or subclans, and dia-paying kinship groups. The lineage terms \"\"qabiil\"\", \"\"qolo\"\", \"\"jilib\"\" and \"\"reer\"\" are often interchangeably used to indicate the different segmentation levels. The clan represents the highest kinship level. It owns territorial properties and is typically led by", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 41 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18698768", "chunk_text": "\"Demographics of South Sudan\"\nNile. Most Shilluks have converted to Christianity. The Shilluk Kingdom controlled the White Nile. By the mid 1800s, the Ottomans and Arabs raided the Shilluks for cattle and slaves. Later the British colonized the area as a part of Anglo-Egyptian Sudan. With a population in South Sudan of just over 381,000, the Shilluk represent the country's 5th largest ethnic group. The city of Kodok (formerly Fashoda) serves as the mediating city for the Shilluk King. It is a place where ceremonies and the coronation of each new Shilluk King takes place. For over 500 years, Fashoda is believed to be", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 42 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "468149", "chunk_text": "\"Shilluk people\"\nShilluk people The Shilluk (Shilluk: \"\"Chollo\"\") are a major Luo Nilotic ethnic group of Southern Sudan, living on both banks of the river Nile, in the vicinity of the city of Malakal. Before the Second Sudanese Civil War the Shilluk also lived in a number of settlements on the northern bank of the Sobat River, close to where the Sobat joins the Nile. The Shilluk are the third largest ethnic group of Southern Sudan, after the Dinka and their neighbours the Nuer. Their language is called \"\"Dhøg Cøllø\"\", \"\"dhøg\"\" being the Shilluk word for language and mouth. It belongs to", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 43 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17410453", "chunk_text": "\"Shirazi people\"\nchildren. The male offspring were considered Muslims, but the female offspring inherited their slavery and their non-Muslim heritage. Even in post-colonial society, the residual dynamics and distinctions of a racial caste system have remained among some Shirazi people. According to the sociologist Jonas Ewald and other scholars, the social stratification is not limited in the Shirazi society to racial lines, but extends to economic status and the region of origin. The Shirazi culture is Islamic in nature, identifying largely with its Persian and Arabic roots. There are also Bantu influences, such as the Swahili language. According to G. Thomas Burgess,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 44 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7296411", "chunk_text": "Cushi\nCushi The word Cushi or Kushi ( \"\"kuši\"\") is a term generally used in the Hebrew Bible to refer to a dark-skinned person of African descent, equivalent to Greek Aethiops. The word is a derivation of \"\"Cush\"\" (כּוּשׁ \"\"Kūš\"\"), referring to the ancient Kingdom of Kush which was centered on the Upper Nile and Nubia (modern-day Sudan). Mentioned in the Hebrew Bible, Cushites are considered descendants of Noah's grandson, Cush the son of Ham. In biblical and historical usage, the term \"\"Cushites\"\" (Hamites) refers to individuals of East African origin (Horn of Africa and Sudan). In early Modern Hebrew usage,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 45 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15422240", "chunk_text": "\"Groups claiming affiliation with Israelites\"\nhave thus far not seen fit to extend the same recognition to this community as that recently extended to the Bnei Menashe. As recounted in Lemba oral tradition, the ancestor of the Buba clan \"\"had a leadership role in bringing the Lemba out of Israel\"\" and eventually into Southern Africa. A genetic study found that 50% of the males in the Buba clan has the Cohen marker, a proportion higher than that which is found in the general Jewish population. While not defining the Lemba as Jews, the genetic results confirm the oral accounts of ancestral males originating from outside", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 46 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5947185", "chunk_text": "\"Shirani (Pashtun tribe)\"\nShirani (Pashtun tribe) The Shirani ()()—also called Sherani —are a Pashtun tribe, from the Bettani tribal confederacy, who live in Afghanistan and Pakistan. The Sherani are mostly settled in the Frontier Region Dera Ismail Khan, in the Federally Administered Tribal Areas of Pakistan and in the adjoining Sherani District of Balochistan, Pakistan. Some clans have settled in other surrounding districts of Balochistan; and in the Zabul, Ghazni, and Kandahar provinces of Afghanistan. Diasporic communities can also be found in the Indian states of Rajasthan and Gujarat. According to Syed Amin Amirzai, an elder of Frontier Region Dera Ismail Khan, Sherani", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 47 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18698765", "chunk_text": "\"Demographics of South Sudan\"\nSouth Sudan. The Luo seem to be one of the few ethnic groups embracing the concept of individual ownership of property, having a very complex system for inheritance based on the seniority of sons. The Nuer people (part of the Nilotic group) are the second largest group in South Sudan, representing 15.6% of the population in 2013 (or about 1.8 million). In the late 19th century, British, Arab and Turkish traders exerted influence in the area. The Nuer tended to resist the Arab and Turkish, which led to conflict with the Dinka, who supported the British. Members of the Nuer", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 48 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14149218", "chunk_text": "\"Shivwits Band of Paiutes\"\nShivwits Band of Paiutes The Shivwits Band of Paiutes is a band of the Paiute Indian Tribe of Utah, a federally recognized tribe of Southern Paiutes in southwestern Utah. \"\"Shivwits\"\" comes from a Southern Paiute word, \"\"sipicimi\"\". The word may be based on the prefix \"\"sibi-\"\", meaning \"\"east\"\" or \"\"si-vints\"\", meaning \"\"people who live in the east.\"\" It is also spelled \"\"Shivwitz\"\", \"\"Shi'-vwits\"\", \"\"She-bits\"\", \"\"Sübü'ts\"\", and \"\"\"\"Sebit\"\". The Shivwits Plateau in Arizona is named after the tribe. The Shivwits Paiutes settled in Utah around 1100 BC. They hunted rabbits, deer, and mountain sheep and gathered seeds, roots, tubers, berries, and", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 49 } ]
test_3547	where was the film the remains of the day filmed?	n/a	[ "Powderham Castle", "Weston-super-Mare", "Dyrham Park", "Badminton House", "Corsham Court", "Limpley Stoke" ]	[]	n/a	n/a	n/a	[]	[ { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13726871", "chunk_text": "\"The Remains of the Day (film)\"\nthem were Dyrham Park for the exterior of the house and the driveway, Powderham Castle (staircase, hall, music room, bedroom; used for the aqua-turquoise stairway scenes), Corsham Court (library and dining room) and Badminton House (servants' quarters, conservatory, entrance hall). Luciana Arrighi, the production designer, scouted most of these locations. Scenes were also shot in Weston-super-Mare, which stood in for Clevedon. The pub where Mr Stevens stays is the Hop Pole in Limpley Stoke; the shop featured is also in Limpley Stoke. The pub where Miss Kenton and Mr Benn meet is the George Inn, Norton St Philip. The character", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 0 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10827538", "chunk_text": "\"The Remains of the Day (film)\"\nThe Remains of the Day (film) The Remains of the Day is a 1993 British-American drama film adapted from the Booker Prize-winning 1989 novel of the same name by Kazuo Ishiguro. The film was directed by James Ivory and produced by Ismail Merchant, Mike Nichols, and John Calley. It stars Anthony Hopkins as Stevens and Emma Thompson as Miss Kenton, with James Fox, Christopher Reeve, and Hugh Grant in supporting roles. The film was nominated for eight Academy Awards, including Best Picture, Best Actor (for Hopkins) and Best Actress (for Thompson). In 1999, the British Film Institute ranked \"\"The Remains", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 1 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13726869", "chunk_text": "\"The Remains of the Day (film)\"\ntrapped in the hall, and is eventually freed by the two men, leaving both Stevens and Darlington Hall far behind. A film adaptation of the novel was originally planned to be directed by Mike Nichols from a script by Harold Pinter. Some of Pinter's script was used in the film, but, while Pinter was paid for his work, he asked to have his name removed from the credits, in keeping with his contract. Christopher C. Hudgins observes: \"\"During our 1994 interview, Pinter told [Steven H.] Gale and me that he had learned his lesson after the revisions imposed on his", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 2 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13726873", "chunk_text": "\"The Remains of the Day (film)\"\ncharacters in Kazuo Ishiguro's novel: Congressman Lewis (who attends the pre-WW2 conference in Darlington Hall), and Mr Farraday, who succeeds Lord Darlington as master of Darlington Hall. The original score was composed by Richard Robbins. It was nominated for the Academy Award for Best Original Score, but lost to \"\"Schindler's List\"\". The film achieves a 95% rating on Rotten Tomatoes, based on 40 reviews with an 8.4/10 average rating. Its consensus states: \"\"Smart, elegant, and blessed with impeccable performances from Anthony Hopkins and Emma Thompson, \"\"The Remains of the Day\"\" is a Merchant-Ivory classic.\"\" Roger Ebert particularly praised the film", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 3 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13726875", "chunk_text": "\"The Remains of the Day (film)\"\nAcademy Awards, but won none: The film is #64 at the British Film Institute's \"\"Top 100 British films\"\". The film was also nominated for the American Film Institute's \"\"100 Years...100 Passions\"\" list. The Remains of the Day (film) The Remains of the Day is a 1993 British-American drama film adapted from the Booker Prize-winning 1989 novel of the same name by Kazuo Ishiguro. The film was directed by James Ivory and produced by Ismail Merchant, Mike Nichols, and John Calley. It stars Anthony Hopkins as Stevens and Emma Thompson as Miss Kenton, with James Fox, Christopher Reeve, and Hugh Grant", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 4 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10827539", "chunk_text": "\"The Remains of the Day (film)\"\nof the Day\"\" the 64th greatest British film of the 20th century. In 1958 post-war Britain, Stevens, the butler of Darlington Hall, receives a letter from Miss Kenton, a recently-separated former colleague employed as the housekeeper some twenty years earlier. Lord Darlington has died a broken man, his reputation destroyed after he was exposed as a Nazi sympathizer, and his stately country manor has been sold to a retired United States Congressman, Mr. Jack Lewis. Stevens is granted permission to borrow his Daimler, and he sets off to the West Country to meet Miss Kenton. The film flashes back to", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 5 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11203760", "chunk_text": "\"The Remains of the Day\"\nThe Remains of the Day The Remains of the Day is a 1989 novel by the Nobel Prize-winning British author Kazuo Ishiguro. The story is told from a first-person point of view, as were Ishiguro's two previous novels. The narrator, Stevens, a butler, recalls his life in the form of a diary; the action progresses from the mid-1930s through to the present (~ 1970). Much of the novel is concerned with Stevens' professional and, above all, personal relationship with a former colleague, the housekeeper, Miss Kenton. The work received the Man Booker Prize for Fiction in 1989. A film adaptation", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 6 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1752210", "chunk_text": "\"The Remains of the Day\"\nThe Remains of the Day The Remains of the Day is a 1989 novel by the Nobel Prize-winning British author Kazuo Ishiguro. The story is told from a first-person point of view, as were Ishiguro's two previous novels. The narrator, Stevens, a butler, recalls his life in the form of a diary; the action progresses from the mid-1930s through to the present (~ 1970). Much of the novel is concerned with Stevens' professional and, above all, personal relationship with a former colleague, the housekeeper, Miss Kenton. The work received the Man Booker Prize for Fiction in 1989. A film adaptation", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 7 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13787431", "chunk_text": "\"Remains (film)\"\nRemains (film) Remains, also billed as Steve Niles' Remains, is a 2011 post-apocalyptic horror film. It depicts a small group of people in a Reno, Nevada casino who have survived a nuclear disaster while the rest of humanity has been turned into flesh eating zombies. It was produced by the Chiller Network and is based on the comic book series of the same name. Tom (Grant Bowler) and Tori (Evalena Marie) are employees at the fictional Silver Star Casino in Reno. On a slow day at the tables, Tom convinces Tori to join him in a stock room for a", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 8 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13726870", "chunk_text": "\"The Remains of the Day (film)\"\nscript for \"\"The Handmaid's Tale\"\", which he has decided not to publish. When his script for \"\"The Remains of the Day\"\" was radically revised by the James Ivory-Ismail Merchant partnership, he refused to allow his name to be listed in the credits\"\" (125). Though no longer the director, Nichols remained associated with the project as one of its producers. A number of English country estates were used as locations for the film, partly owing to the persuasive power of Ismail Merchant, who was able to cajole permission for the production to borrow houses not normally open to the public. Among", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 9 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13726866", "chunk_text": "\"The Remains of the Day (film)\"\nthem and Stevens questioned Miss Kenton as to the maids' whereabouts. (It is revealed they had returned to Germany, but their ultimate fate is unknown.) Eventually, Miss Kenton formed a relationship with a former co-worker, Tom Benn, who proposed marriage and asked Miss Kenton to move away with him to run a coastal boarding house. Miss Kenton mentioned this proposal to Stevens, in effect offering him an ultimatum, but Stevens would not admit his feelings, offering Miss Kenton only his congratulations. Miss Kenton left Darlington Hall prior to the outbreak of the Second World War. Before Miss Kenton's departure, Stevens", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 10 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1752211", "chunk_text": "\"The Remains of the Day\"\nof the novel, made in 1993 and starring Anthony Hopkins and Emma Thompson, was nominated for eight Academy Awards. The novel tells, in first-person narration, the story of Stevens, an English butler who has dedicated his life to the loyal service of Lord Darlington (who is recently deceased, and whom Stevens describes in increasing detail in flashbacks). The novel begins in the late 1950s, with Stevens receiving a letter from a former colleague, the housekeeper Miss Kenton, describing her married life, which Stevens believes hints at an unhappy marriage. Stevens' receipt of the letter coincides with his opportunity to revisit", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 11 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17975240", "chunk_text": "\"Day of the Dead (1985 film)\"\nseveral locations around Florida, where Romero was living at the time. The opening scene was filmed in Fort Myers, Florida. The fenced in compound with the helicopter landing pad was shot at a location called Bowman's Beach Helistop in Sanibel. Underground scenes were filmed in a former mine shaft located near Wampum, Pennsylvania, converted into a long-term storage facility for important documents. Though the mine maintained a constant temperature of about 50 degrees Fahrenheit, its high humidity played havoc with the crew's equipment and props. Mechanical and electrical failures were a constant problem throughout filming, and caused several of special", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 12 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1099013", "chunk_text": "\"Cul-de-sac (1966 film)\"\nto retrieve his rifle. Now utterly alone, George runs along the beach at daybreak. He finally sits down on a rock in the fetal position and weeps hysterically as the early morning tide rises around him. The film was shot on location in 1965 on the island of Lindisfarne (also known as Holy Island) off the coast of Northumberland, England. Lindisfarne Castle, which served as the home in the film, is now a National Trust property and can be toured by the public; despite the passage of time, the building and its surroundings are largely unchanged. Like Polanski's previous film", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 13 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13787440", "chunk_text": "\"Remains (film)\"\nretains her human intelligence--and looks toward the direction where Tom and Cindy drove. Remains (film) Remains, also billed as Steve Niles' Remains, is a 2011 post-apocalyptic horror film. It depicts a small group of people in a Reno, Nevada casino who have survived a nuclear disaster while the rest of humanity has been turned into flesh eating zombies. It was produced by the Chiller Network and is based on the comic book series of the same name. Tom (Grant Bowler) and Tori (Evalena Marie) are employees at the fictional Silver Star Casino in Reno. On a slow day at the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 14 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17829378", "chunk_text": "\"Days of Heaven\"\nas Johannes Vermeer, Edward Hopper (particularly his \"\"House by the Railroad\"\"), and Andrew Wyeth, as well as photo-reporters from the start of the 20th century. Production began in the late summer of 1976. Although the film was set in Texas, the exteriors were shot in Whiskey Gap, Alberta, a ghost town, and a final scene was shot on the grounds of Heritage Park Historical Village, Calgary. Jack Fisk designed and built the mansion from plywood in the wheat fields and the smaller houses where the workers lived. The mansion was not a facade, as was normally the custom, but authentically", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 15 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3787475", "chunk_text": "\"The Day the Earth Stood Still\"\nWright and his attempt in designing the exterior: \"\"... to imitate an experimental substance that I have heard about which acts like living tissue. If cut, the rift would appear to heal like a wound, leaving a continuous surface with no scar\"\". Principal outdoor photography for \"\"The Day the Earth Stood Still\"\" was shot on the 20th Century Fox sound stages and on its studio back lot (now located in Century City, California), with a second unit shooting background plates and other scenes in Washington D.C. and at Fort George G. Meade in Maryland. The shooting schedule was from April", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 16 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17975239", "chunk_text": "\"Day of the Dead (1985 film)\"\nwas too expensive for them to produce even with an R rating. Romero subsequently scaled down the scope of this script into a 165-page draft (often erroneously referred to as the original version), then condensed it again to a 104-page draft labeled the 'second version, second draft' in an unsuccessful final attempt to get the story within budget parameters. When this failed, he drastically altered the original story concept and ultimately produced a shooting draft that numbered only 88 pages. Filming took place in the fall of 1984 at locations in Pennsylvania and Florida. All above-ground scenes were filmed at", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 17 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "103269", "chunk_text": "\"Limpley Stoke\"\nthe banks of the River Avon at Limpley Stoke. The previous owners of the mill had originally been timber merchants, but had later diversified into the production of rubber goods. By 1890 the business had transferred to premises in Melksham and later became Avon Rubber. The village has two public houses, one of which, The Hop Pole, dating from the 17th century, was used in the filming of \"\"The Remains of the Day\"\" with Anthony Hopkins. A landmark water tower, actually located close by in Friary Wood, is referred to as the Limpley Stoke Water Tower. The Kennet and Avon", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 18 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1348860", "chunk_text": "\"The Day of the Wolves\"\n(then) abandoned apartment construction, now \"\"Acoma Apartments\"\" at the intersection of Acoma Avenue and Mesquite Avenue. Other scenes used the old airfield on the island area, and several locations on McCulloch Blvd. The Farmhouse scenes were shot at a former alfalfa farming area, Planet Ranch, and the ghost town scenes at the old Swansea mining town, both located East of Parker, Arizona. The bridge scenes were filmed at the Bill Williams Bridge, located midway between Parker and Lake Havasu City. Pickup scenes were filmed several months after principal photography wrapped in or around Los Angeles at Marina Del Rey, Santa", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 19 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13726872", "chunk_text": "\"The Remains of the Day (film)\"\nof Sir Geoffrey Wren is based loosely on that of Sir Oswald Mosley, a British fascist active in the 1930s. Wren is depicted as a strict vegetarian. Edward Wood, 1st Earl of Halifax also appears in the film. Lord Darlington tells Stevens that Halifax approved of the polish on the silver, and Halifax himself later appears when Darlington meets secretly with the German Ambassador and his aides at night. Halifax was a chief architect of the British policy of appeasement from 1937 to 1939. The character of Congressman Jack Lewis in the film is a composite of two separate American", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 20 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5001409", "chunk_text": "\"PT 109 (film)\"\nQuiet on the Western Front\"\", \"\"A Walk in the Sun\"\", and \"\"Pork Chop Hill\"\", left the production, either because Milestone thought that the script was inadequate, or because the studio was unhappy with cost overruns during Milestone's tenure. Milestone was replaced by Leslie Martinson, a television director with little experience making films. The exteriors were filmed at Little Palm Island (formerly Little Munson Island), now a resort in the Florida Keys. Power and fresh water were run out to the island for the film, allowing the resort to be built years later. The building of the sets for the film,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 21 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18507949", "chunk_text": "\"Edge of Tomorrow\"\ndirector to say it \"\"may be the most independent thing I've ever done.\"\" Though Liman intended to film the beach battle on location, the studio instead had a beach set built at the studio site. The set was surrounded by chroma key green screens, which the visual effects artists later used to extend the beach with plates shot at Saunton Sands in North Devon. It was intended for the battle scenes to be reminiscent of coastal battles during World War II such as the Invasion of Normandy and the Battle of Dunkirk. Principal photography began at Leavesden on , 2012.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 22 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "869416", "chunk_text": "\"The Beyond (film)\"\nNew Orleans, Louisiana, as well as the outlying cities of Metairie, Monroe, and Madisonville. Larry Ray, a New Orleans resident and member of the film council, was hired to help Fulci scout locations, as he was fluent in Italian and could help translate. While scouting, Fulci took a liking to Ray and hired him as a production assistant. Within New Orleans proper, filming was completed in the \"\"Vieux Carré\"\" district, as well as on the campus of Dillard University. The funeral sequence in the graveyard was shot at the Saint Louis Cemetery no. 1. The historic Otis House near Lake", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 23 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7096448", "chunk_text": "\"The Remains of the Day (musical)\"\nThe Remains of the Day (musical) The Remains of the Day is a musical written by Alex Loveless, based on the novel of the same name by Kazuo Ishiguro. The original production, directed by Chris Loveless, premiered at the Union Theatre in London, playing from August 31, 2010 to September 25, 2010. In an interview, Ishiguro said, \"\"It struck me as an intriguing idea. ... I am a big believer in musicals and I see no reason why my novel shouldn't make a good one. Stephen Sondheim's \"\"A Little Night Music\"\" shows you can set an unlikely story to music.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 24 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17848256", "chunk_text": "\"Ruins of the Reich\"\nappears today. Production of the \"\"Ruins\"\" series began in Berlin, Munich and Berchtesgaden in May 1993. Two years later filming resumed in northern Germany, the Atlantic coast and France. In August 1999 the crew discovered several lost sites in Poland such as the ruins of the Tannenberg Memorial and Hindenburg's Neudeck estate as well as several well-known locations like Ordensburg Marienberg (Malbork Castle). The following year the crew was granted unprecedented access to both Auschwitz and Birkenau, where cameras captured the entire complex inside and out. Filming also included the Kraków-Płaszów concentration camp, Treblinka and Majdanek extermination camps. Shooting wrapped", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 25 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3142978", "chunk_text": "\"Grand Pier, Weston-super-Mare\"\nin 1974. It won the National Piers Society \"\"Pier of the Year\"\" award in 2001. One scene from the film \"\"The Remains of the Day\"\" was filmed here in 1992. Brenner continued his ownership of the pier until 6 February 2008, when it was sold to brother and sister partnership Kerry and Michelle Michael. The pier immediately underwent a multi-million-pound revamp, which included a new branding scheme. was spent installing a new go-kart track, a fully licensed bar, and a climbing wall into the pavilion. However at 01:35 BST on 28 July 2008, a fire at the foot of the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 26 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5070387", "chunk_text": "\"Hilary and Jackie\"\nhears news of Jackie's death on the radio. The film ends with Jackie's spirit standing on the beach where she used to play as a child, watching herself and her sister frolicking in the sand as little girls. Scenes were filmed in the Blue Coat School, the County Sessions House, George's Dock, St. George's Hall, and the Walker Art Gallery in Liverpool. Additional scenes were filmed at the Royal Academy of Music and Wigmore Hall in London, and most interiors were shot at the Shepperton Studios in Surrey. Brithdir Mawr, an ancient house in North Wales, was used for location", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 27 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7671697", "chunk_text": "\"The Dawning\"\na Dark Stranger\"\".) It was also Jean Simmons' first feature film for nearly ten years. Despite having contributed largely to the production, Bernard MacLaverty was uncredited as a screenwriter. The film was shown at the AFI/Los Angeles International Film Festival (New British Cinema - BritFest 2), the Cannes Film Festival (for market purposes), and at the Montreal World Film Festival (in competition, where it was successful, winning two prizes). Actors Anthony Hopkins and Hugh Grant reunited five years later in the Academy Award-nominated film \"\"The Remains of the Day\"\". \"\"The Dawning\"\" was received largely positively by the critics, with a", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 28 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9069019", "chunk_text": "\"The Remains (film)\"\nThe Remains (film) The Remains is a 2016 American horror film written and directed by Thomas Della Bella and starring Todd Lowe as a widower and father named John. In \"\"The Remains\"\", John moves his family after his wife passes, but the items that had been left in the house turn out to be haunted. In 1891, a couple visit a spiritualist named Madame Addison at 3:00 AM—the so-called witching hour—in order to try to find their lost daughter. Due to either ghostly or demonic intervention, all five people in the house die that night. Present day, John, whose wife", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 29 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17764311", "chunk_text": "\"John Calley\"\nJohn Calley John Nicholas Calley (July 8, 1930 – September 13, 2011) was an American film studio executive and producer. He was quite influential during his years at Warner Bros. (where he worked from 1968 to 1981) and \"\"produced a film a month, on average, including commercial successes like \"\"The Exorcist\"\" and \"\"Superman\"\".\"\" During his seven years at Sony Pictures starting in 1996, five of which he was chairman and chief executive, he was credited with \"\"reinvigorat[ing]\"\" that major film studio. Together with Mike Nichols and Ismail Merchant, Calley produced 1993's \"\"The Remains of the Day\"\", for which the trio", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 30 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13726867", "chunk_text": "\"The Remains of the Day (film)\"\nfound her crying in frustration, but the only response he could muster was to call her attention to a neglected domestic task. En route to meeting Miss Kenton in 1958, when asked by locals about his former employer, Stevens at first denies having served or even met Lord Darlington, but later admits to having served and respected him. He meets Miss Kenton (now Mrs Benn), and they reminisce. Stevens mentions in conversation that Lord Darlington's godson, Reginald Cardinal, was killed in the war. He also says Lord Darlington died from a broken heart after the war, having sued a newspaper", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 31 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1348859", "chunk_text": "\"The Day of the Wolves\"\nZaldy Zshornack was included in the cast by an arrangement with Philippines producer Cirio Santiago in a deal which provided Zshornack's services plus ten thousand dollars in return for the Philippine distribution rights of the finished film. Smokey Roberds, Henry Capps, and Andre Marquis had worked with Grofe on his 1968 Chuck Connors action pic \"\"The Proud, Damned and Dead\"\". \"\"Day of the Wolves\"\" was the first film to be made in Lake Havasu City, Arizona. Filming made use of meager town locations, but completely omitted using the semi-completed London Bridge. Interior shots of the wolves hideout were taken at", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 32 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11798793", "chunk_text": "\"Days of Thunder\"\npublic address announcer. Principal photography took place in early 1990 in and around Charlotte and Daytona Beach. It was plagued with delays due to frequent arguments on set between Simpson and Bruckheimer, Scott, and sometimes Towne over how to set up a shot. Crew members sat idle for long hours; some later said they had accumulated enough overtime pay to go on vacation for a full four months after filming was completed. The completion date was pushed back many times, with filming being completed in early May, three months later than it had originally been scheduled. At one point, following", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 33 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5419035", "chunk_text": "\"Just Before Dawn (1981 film)\"\nPark in Sublimity, Oregon, just outside nearby Salem, and an hour away from Portland, Oregon. Due to the film's low budget, filming time ranged from 14–15 hours per day. The 1980 eruption of Mt. St. Helens occurred during filming; according to actor Chris Lemmon, he and the rest of the cast were gone for the day on a trip to the Oregon coast when the eruption occurred. Despite its authentic, weathered appearance, the church used in the film was actually built for the production. Director Jeff Lieberman said that countless strangers showed up at the filming location on the day", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 34 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19565653", "chunk_text": "\"Hereafter (film)\"\nBay Area. On January 19, scenes featuring Damon were shot at the California and Hawaiian Sugar Company refinery in Crockett, California, and the exterior of C&H Sugar is seen on screen. The location was not announced until filming had concluded, for fear that large crowds would gather to watch. Filming also took place in Nob Hill, San Francisco and Emeryville. While production was in the Bay Area, it employed 300 local extras and crew members. Production returned to London on January 29 to shoot Damon's final scenes. On February 3, scenes were filmed at the Charles Dickens Museum. Later in", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 35 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6259173", "chunk_text": "\"Dyrham Park\"\none of the houses used as a filming location for the 1993 Merchant Ivory film \"\"The Remains of the Day\"\" (others included Badminton House and Powderham Castle). The house was used for outdoor and garden scenes in the 1999 BBC mini-series \"\"Wives and Daughters\"\". In 2003, it was the filming location for the BBC One series \"\"Servants\"\". An aerial view of Dyrham Park was featured in the opening title sequence of the 2008 film \"\"Australia\"\". In September 2010, the BBC filmed scenes for the \"\"Doctor Who\"\" sixth series episode \"\"Night Terrors\"\" at Dyrham Park. Dyrham Park was also used for", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 36 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3763292", "chunk_text": "\"Dawn of the Dead (1978 film)\"\nin Pennsylvania on November 13, 1977. Principal photography for Dawn of the Living Dead (its working title at the time) began on November 13, 1977, at the Monroeville Mall in Monroeville, Pennsylvania. Use of an actual, open shopping mall during the Christmas shopping season caused numerous time constraints. Filming began nightly once the mall closed, starting at 11 PM and ending at 7 AM, when automated music came on. As December arrived, the production decided against having the crew remove and replace the Christmas decorations—a task that had proved to be too time consuming. Filming was shut down during the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 37 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17244574", "chunk_text": "\"The Living Daylights\"\narea. The action involving the Land Rover switched from Gibraltar to Beachy Head in the UK for the shot showing the vehicle actually getting airborne. Trial runs of the stunt with the Land Rover, during which Bond escapes by parachute from the tumbling vehicle, were filmed in the Mojave Desert, although the final cut of the film uses a shot achieved using a dummy. Other locations included Germany, the United States, and Italy, while the desert scenes were shot in Ouarzazate, Morocco. The conclusion of the film was shot at the Schönbrunn Palace, Vienna and Elveden Hall, Suffolk. Principal photography", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 38 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10996727", "chunk_text": "\"Christopher Reeve\"\nbirth to William Elliot \"\"Will\"\" Reeve on June 7, 1992, at North Adams Regional Hospital in North Adams, Massachusetts. In October, Reeve was offered the part of Lewis in \"\"The Remains of the Day\"\". The script was one of the best he had read, and he unhesitatingly took the part. The film was deemed an instant classic and was nominated for eight Academy Awards. In the early 1990s, Reeve was in three roles for television in which he was cast as a villain. The most notable of these was \"\"Bump in the Night\"\" based on the novel by Isabelle Holland", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 39 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2599857", "chunk_text": "\"Light of Day\"\nand Alan Poul appears as a cashier. The film was shot on location in Chicago, Illinois; Maywood, Illinois; Berwyn, Illinois; Blue Island, Illinois; Lincolnwood, Illinois; Hammond, Indiana and Cleveland, Ohio. The film is best known as the first real attempt for Fox to take on more serious film roles after establishing himself as a comedic star. \"\"Light of Day\"\" is one of the very few projects where Fox has smoked in front of the camera; although a chain smoker, he avoided being photographed with a cigarette out of fear that it would encourage smoking. Bruce Springsteen wrote and composed the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 40 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2060341", "chunk_text": "\"Land of the Dead\"\nfilm to be titled \"\"Night of the Living Dead\"\". He refused, wanting to use the title \"\"Dead Reckoning\"\", and the studio then wanted to title it \"\"Night of the Living Dead: Dead Reckoning\"\". It turned out that Fox sought to own the rights to the \"\"Night of the Living Dead\"\" franchise, and Romero decided not to do business with them. The film is the highest budgeted film in the series to date. The film draws on some elements from the original script for \"\"Day of the Dead\"\". Filming took place in Toronto and Hamilton, Ontario, Canada. \"\"Land of the Dead\"\"", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 41 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4650298", "chunk_text": "\"The Revenant (2015 film)\"\nlocations in three countries: Canada, the United States, and Argentina. In Canada, filming took place in Calgary and Fortress Mountain in Alberta, in Kananaskis Country west of Calgary, the Badlands near Drumheller, and at Squamish and Mammoth Studios, Burnaby, in British Columbia. The scenes in the waterfall were filmed at the Kootenai Falls near Libby, Montana. While the initial plan was to film entirely in Canada, the weather was ultimately too warm, leading the filmmakers to locations near the Rio Olivia at the tip of Argentina with snow on the ground, to shoot the film's ending. Crew members often complained", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 42 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20471893", "chunk_text": "\"Corsham Court\"\nSome of the scenes from Stanley Kubrick's 1975 film \"\"Barry Lyndon\"\" were filmed at Corsham Court. In 1993 the house was a location for \"\"The Remains of the Day\"\". Corsham Court Corsham Court is an English country house in a park designed by Capability Brown. It is in the town of Corsham, 3 miles (5 km) west of Chippenham, Wiltshire and is notable for its fine art collection, based on the nucleus of paintings inherited in 1757 by Paul Methuen from his uncle, Sir Paul Methuen, the diplomat. It is currently the home of the present Baron Methuen, James Methuen-Campbell,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 43 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1752212", "chunk_text": "\"The Remains of the Day\"\nthis once-cherished relationship, if only under the guise of investigating the possibility of her re-employment. Stevens' new employer, a wealthy American named Mr. Farraday, encourages Stevens to borrow his car to take a well-earned break—a \"\"motoring trip\"\". Stevens takes the opportunity to arrange to meet with Miss Kenton (now a Mrs. Benn) in Cornwall, where she had moved to live with her husband. Upon setting out, Stevens reflects on his unshakable loyalty to Lord Darlington, who had hosted lavish meetings between German sympathizers and English aristocrats in an effort to influence international affairs in the years leading up to World", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 44 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17477971", "chunk_text": "\"A Matter of Life and Death (film)\"\nunder contract to David O. Selznick for two years. Powell and Pressburger decided that she was right for the part almost immediately on their first meeting, and arranged with Selznick to use her. \"\"A Matter of Life and Death\"\" was filmed at D&P Studios and Denham Studios in Denham, Buckinghamshire, England, and on locations in Devon and Surrey. The beach scene was shot at Saunton Sands in Devon, and the village seen in the camera obscura was Shere in Surrey. Production took place from 2 September to 2 December 1945, used 29 sets, and cost an estimated £320,000, . \"\"A", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 45 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20885219", "chunk_text": "\"Waverley Cemetery\"\nNew South Wales State Heritage Register on 28 October 2016. The cemetery is owned by Waverley Municipal Council and is self-funded, deriving its income from interments – including burial, cremation, memorials and mausolea – of which there has been over 86,000. Waverley Cemetery was used during the filming of the 1979 Mel Gibson film \"\"Tim\"\". The cemetery was designed to function along similar lines to Père Lachaise Cemetery in Paris and Kensal Green Cemetery in London. Funerals are conducted Monday to Saturday. The land on which Waverley Cemetery is located is traditionally the land of the Cadigal people of the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 46 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6173767", "chunk_text": "\"City of the Living Dead\"\nand Gerry exit from Father Thomas' tomb into the graveyard at morning to see John-John and the police. Mary is relieved to see John-John survived the ordeal, but her relief turns to fright as John-John runs towards her and Gerry, and she screams as the film crumbles to black. The exteriors for the film were shot partially in the United States in both New York City, New York, Midway, Georgia and Savannah, Georgia which stood in for the fictitious town of Dunwich. Manhattan exterior locations were filmed mostly in the Upper West Side, including the Gothic apartment house which stood", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 47 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14304278", "chunk_text": "\"The Day After\"\na representative of Middle America. The town boasted a \"\"socio-cultural mix,\"\" sat near the exact geographic center of the continental U.S., and Hume and Meyer's research told them that Lawrence was a prime missile target, because 150 Minuteman missile silos stood nearby. Lawrence had some great locations, and the people there were more supportive of the project. Suddenly, less emphasis was put on Kansas City, the decision was made to have the city completely annihilated in the script, and Lawrence was made the primary location in the film. Production began on Monday, August 16, 1982, at a farm just west", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 48 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9573318", "chunk_text": "\"The Lost Patrol (1934 film)\"\nDenny, who played Morelli and Brown, had both served in World War I. Ford served in the United States cavalry, while Denny served as an observer/gunner in the Royal Flying Corps. Denny would eventually found a company that made radio-controlled target aircraft during World War II. \"\"The Lost Patrol\"\" was filmed in Algodones Dunes, California and Yuma, Arizona. Filming began on August 31 and ended on September 22, 1933. In Algodones Dunes, the temperatures soared and one of the film's producers wound up in the hospital with sunstroke. According to Karloff’s biographer Peter Underwood, the temperature on the Yuma locations", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 49 } ]
test_3548	when did bird is the word come out?	n/a	[ "1963" ]	[]	n/a	n/a	n/a	[]	[ { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11518223", "chunk_text": "\"Birdy (film)\"\nopened in limited release on December 12, 1984. It undeperformed at the North American box office, grossing only $1.4 million against a budget of $12 million. The film received mostly positive reviews, and has an approval rating of 85% at Rotten Tomatoes. \"\"Birdy\"\" was chosen by the National Board of Review as one of the of 1984, and won the Grand Prix Spécial du Jury prize at the 1985 Cannes Film Festival. In a 1960s working-class neighborhood in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, a teenage boy nicknamed \"\"Birdy\"\" befriends his next-door neighbor Al Columbato, and relates to him his fascination with birds and", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 0 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4955551", "chunk_text": "\"Surfin' Bird\"\nbird. A 2018 television commercial for Heineken beer, named \"\"New Friends\"\", used the Ramones version. In the game Battlefield Vietnam, the song is one of the songs you can hear on the radio when commanding vehicles. Surfin' Bird \"\"Surfin' Bird\"\" is a song performed by American surf rock band the Trashmen, and it is also the name of the album that featured this hit single. The song was released in 1963 and reached No. 4 on the \"\"Billboard\"\" Hot 100. It is a combination of two R&B hits by the Rivingtons: \"\"Papa-Oom-Mow-Mow\"\" and \"\"The Bird's the Word\"\". The Rivingtons followed", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 1 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12897414", "chunk_text": "\"Surfin' Bird\"\nSurfin' Bird \"\"Surfin' Bird\"\" is a song performed by American surf rock band the Trashmen, and it is also the name of the album that featured this hit single. The song was released in 1963 and reached No. 4 on the \"\"Billboard\"\" Hot 100. It is a combination of two R&B hits by the Rivingtons: \"\"Papa-Oom-Mow-Mow\"\" and \"\"The Bird's the Word\"\". The Rivingtons followed up their 1962 \"\"Billboard\"\" Hot 100 hit \"\"Papa-Oom-Mow-Mow\"\" with the similar \"\"The Bird's the Word\"\" in 1963. The Trashmen had not heard this version but saw a band called the Sorensen Brothers playing it. They decided", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 2 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10465111", "chunk_text": "\"Bird Noises\"\nBird Noises Bird Noises is the first extended play by Australian rock group, Midnight Oil, which was released on 24 November 1980 under the band's own independent label, Powderworks Records / Sprint Music. It was produced by Leszek Karski and manufactured and distributed by CBS/Columbia. \"\"Bird Noises\"\" reached the Top 30 on the Australian Kent Music Report Singles Chart. According to Australian musicologist, Ian McFarlane, the EP \"\"continued the development heard on [their previous album], with 'No Time for Games' and 'I'm the Cure' being particularly impressive. [The EP] also boasted the anomalous, but delightful Shadows-like instrumental 'Wedding Cake Island'\"\".", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 3 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1944934", "chunk_text": "\"Song Bird\"\nEve. We Have Love for You was also sampled upon the 2006 track Auf Diesem Weg by Curse. Song Bird Song Bird is the sophomore studio album of singer Deniece Williams released on October 28, 1977 by Columbia Records. The album rose to No. 23 on the Billboard Top R&B Albums chart. The album cut \"\"Baby, Baby My Love's All for You\"\" rose to nos. 13 & 32 upon the Billboard Hot R&B Songs and UK singles charts respectively. Williams went on to perform the album cut God Is Amazing at the 1984 Grammy Awards. As well the album cut", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 4 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2101086", "chunk_text": "\"The Rivingtons\"\nHowever, \"\"Papa-Oom-Mow-Mow\"\" and \"\"The Bird's the Word\"\" were revived in 1963, thanks to a Minnesota-based group called the Trashmen recording the \"\"Surfin' Bird\"\", made up from the Rivington's songs' nonsense syllables. The Trashmen made it in a record shop and passed it off as their own. In fact, it was just a medley of the Rivington's choruses minus the verses. The Rivingtons' manager reported it to their lawyers, and the Trashmen were ordered to add the surnames of the Rivingtons to the credits. Because of the publicity in \"\"Billboard\"\", the Trashmen had to share the writing credits on the recording", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 5 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13340199", "chunk_text": "\"Birdy (film)\"\nproject resurfaced in 1982 when A&M Films, a subsidiary of A&M Records, acquired the film rights and commissioned Sandy Kroopf and Jack Behr to write the script. Upon reading the script, Parker returned as director, and the film continued development at Tri-Star Pictures. Principal photography began in May 1984 and concluded in August of that year. Filming took place on locations in Philadelphia and Santa Clara, California. \"\"Birdy\"\" is notable for being the first film to be partially shot with the Skycam, a computer-controlled camera system created by Steadicam inventor Garrett Brown. The score was composed by Peter Gabriel. \"\"Birdy\"\"", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 6 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5094442", "chunk_text": "\"White Bird (song)\"\nprominent stylistic feature of the song's original arrangement are multiple violin parts overdubbed by LaFlamme. It was first released on the band's 1969 eponymous debut album \"\"It's a Beautiful Day\"\" by Columbia Records. The song quickly became the band's signature tune and a staple of FM Album-oriented rock radio. The album rose to Number 47 on the Billboard 200 album chart. Following the popularity of the album track a single version was edited and remixed for radio play, with a running time of 3:02, and released on October 4, 1969. It rose to as high as Number 3 the week", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 7 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13473099", "chunk_text": "\"The Shoe Bird\"\nThe Shoe Bird The Shoe Bird is a 1964 children's novel by Southern writer Eudora Welty. The novel tells the story of a Parrot in a shoe store, as he talks to other birds about shoes. Welty, who had never written any children's literature before, wrote it to satisfy a contractual obligation with her publisher Harcourt Brace and to pay for a new roof on her house. An orchestral ballet was composed by Lehman Engel and performed by the Jackson Ballet Guild in 1968. A 2002 choral piece was also commissioned by the Mississippi Boy Choir and composed by composer", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 8 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3694392", "chunk_text": "\"I Am a Bird Now\"\nI Am a Bird Now I Am a Bird Now is the second album by New York City band Antony and the Johnsons. It won the Mercury Prize on September 6, 2005. After winning the prize, the album shot up the UK albums chart from #135 to #16 in one week, the biggest jump in the history of the Mercury Music Prize. As of September 2011, UK sales stand at 220,000 copies. The album features guest appearances by Rufus Wainwright (\"\"What Can I Do?\"\"), Devendra Banhart, Joan Wasser and by lead singer Anohni's childhood heroes Boy George and Lou Reed.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 9 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4337262", "chunk_text": "\"Bird in the Belly\"\nof which are based on the poetry of Horace Smith, and detail his day trip to Brighton in 1813. Bird in the Belly released their debut album \"\"The Crowing\"\" on the 23rd March 2018, through a partnership between GFM Records and Proper Music Distribution. The album received critical acclaim, and was made 'Album of the Week' in the \"\"Daily Express\"\" who called it 'Folk album of the year so far\"\" The band is reportedly working on a documentary film which documents the album making process, and looks at the current British Folk Scene as a whole. Already involved in the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 10 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3545290", "chunk_text": "\"The Word (song)\"\nThe Word (song) \"\"The Word\"\" is a song by English rock group the Beatles, written by John Lennon and Paul McCartney and recorded with Lennon on lead vocals. It was first released on their 1965 album \"\"Rubber Soul\"\". The song was co-written by John Lennon and Paul McCartney. According to Lennon, it was written together but it was \"\"mainly mine\"\". They wrote it after smoking marijuana, something they had not done before in a composing session, which from McCartney's perspective (opposite to Lennon's), \"\"got in the way of songwriting\"\". McCartney on the subject: Musically, the song is based upon a", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 11 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20045448", "chunk_text": "\"Birdy (Birdy album)\"\nBirdy (Birdy album) Birdy is the debut studio album by English musician Birdy, released on 4 November 2011 by Atlantic Records. The album includes the singles \"\"Skinny Love\"\", \"\"Shelter\"\", \"\"People Help the People\"\" and \"\"1901\"\". The album received generally positive reviews from critics. At Metacritic, the album received a score of 61 based on 10 critics. AllMusic's Jon O'Brien wrote that \"\"this stripped-back collection of lesser-known hits and album tracks reads like a who's who of lo-fi hipster indie rock\"\", praising Birdy's \"\"youthful and fragile\"\" voice, and concluding that \"\"thanks to her haunting tones and a tasteful yet compelling production,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 12 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14998593", "chunk_text": "\"Cantaloop (Flip Fantasia)\"\non March 25, 1994 for selling over 500,000 copies. The original song, \"\"Cantaloupe Island\"\", is a 16 bar repeated chart consisting of F minor for 4 measures, D7 for 4 measures, D minor for 4 measures, then F minor again. \"\"Cantaloop\"\" excludes the D minor section, uses the F minor section during the verses, and goes between the F minor and D7 during the horn riffs and trumpet solo. The featured soloist is Gerard Presencer. The song makes notable mention of the Birdland jazz club in New York City in its opening line, \"\"Ladies and gentlemen, as you know, we", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 13 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11916461", "chunk_text": "\"Word on a Wing\"\nWord on a Wing \"\"Word on a Wing\"\" is a song written and recorded by David Bowie in 1975 for the \"\"Station to Station\"\" album, where it appears as the closing track of the LP's first side. Bowie admits that the song was written out of a coke-addled spiritual despair that he experienced while filming the movie \"\"The Man Who Fell To Earth\"\". In 1980 Bowie spoke of the song to NME, claiming \"\"There were days of such psychological terror when making the Roeg film that I nearly started to approach my reborn, born again thing. It was the first", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 14 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20396202", "chunk_text": "\"Birdy discography\"\nAustralian, Belgian and Dutch album charts. It was certified triple platinum by the Syndicat National de l'Édition Phonographique (SNEP), platinum by the Belgian Entertainment Association (BEA) and gold by the British Phonographic Industry (BPI). Four singles were released from the album: \"\"Skinny Love\"\", \"\"Shelter\"\", \"\"People Help the People\"\" and \"\"1901\"\", with \"\"Skinny Love\"\" peaking at number one in the Netherlands and number two in Australia. \"\"Fire Within\"\", Birdy's second studio album, was released in September 2013. It peaked at number five in Australia and number eight in the UK. Four singles, \"\"Wings\"\", \"\"No Angel\"\", \"\"Light Me Up\"\" and \"\"Words As", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 15 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17804574", "chunk_text": "Papa-Oom-Mow-Mow\nPapa-Oom-Mow-Mow \"\"Papa-Oom-Mow-Mow\"\" is a 1962 novelty nonsensical doo-wop song by the Rivingtons. It peaked at number 48 on the \"\"Billboard\"\" Hot 100, and number 35 on the Cashbox charts. The band released two similar follow-up songs over the next several months, \"\"Mama-Oom-Mow-Mow (The Bird)\"\" and \"\"The Bird's the Word\"\". Together with the Rivingtons' 1963 novelty song \"\"The Bird's the Word\"\", \"\"Papa-Oom-Mow-Mow\"\" was the basis for the song \"\"Surfin' Bird\"\", a number 4 hit in 1963 by the Trashmen. The combination of the songs, played at a much livelier pace than the original doo-wop songs, was ad-libbed at an early live", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 16 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7749619", "chunk_text": "Birdwatching\nthe term \"\"birdwatcher\"\" was in 1891; \"\"bird\"\" was introduced as a verb in 1918. The term \"\"birding\"\" was also used for the practice of \"\"fowling\"\" or hunting with firearms as in Shakespeare's \"\"The Merry Wives of Windsor\"\" (1602): \"\"She laments sir... her husband goes this morning a-birding.\"\" The terms \"\"birding\"\" and \"\"birdwatching\"\" are today used by some interchangeably, although some participants prefer \"\"birding\"\", partly because it includes the auditory aspects of enjoying birds. In North America, many birders differentiate themselves from birdwatchers, and the term \"\"birder\"\" is unfamiliar to most lay people. At the most basic level, the distinction is", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 17 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16442448", "chunk_text": "\"Ornithology (composition)\"\nOrnithology (composition) \"\"Ornithology\"\" is a jazz standard by bebop alto saxophonist Charlie Parker and trumpeter Benny Harris. Its title is a reference to Parker's nickname, \"\"Bird\"\" (ornithology is the study of birds). The Charlie Parker Septet made the first recording of the tune on March 28, 1946 on the Dial label, and it was inducted into the Grammy Hall of Fame in 1989. \"\"Ornithology\"\" is a contrafact – a newly created melody written over the chord progression of another song, in this case the standard \"\"How High the Moon\"\". It remains one of the most popular and frequently performed bebop", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 18 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16691195", "chunk_text": "\"Fly Like a Bird\"\nFly Like a Bird \"\"Fly Like a Bird\"\" is a song by American singer and songwriter Mariah Carey, first released on February 13, 2006 by Island Records as the sixth single from her tenth studio album, \"\"The Emancipation of Mimi\"\" (2005). Written and produced by Carey and James \"\"Big Jim\"\" Wright, the song is influenced by Gospel, soul, and R&B music genres. Its arrangement is built on piano chords and guitar melodies, and features Carey's pastor Clarence Keaton, who recites two Biblical verses during the song's introduction and bridge. Carey described \"\"Fly Like a Bird\"\" as the most personal and", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 19 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20724497", "chunk_text": "\"The Bird and the Worm\"\nThe Bird and the Worm \"\"The Bird and the Worm\"\" is a song by The Used, released as the first single from their third studio album, \"\"Lies for the Liars\"\". The song impacted radio on April 3, 2007. It is their highest charting single to date, hitting #9 on the \"\"Billboard\"\" Modern Rock Tracks chart and #7 on the \"\"Billboard\"\" Bubbling Under Hot 100 Singles chart, equaling #107 on the U.S. Hot 100 (their second single to make it into the \"\"Billboard\"\" singles chart). It received moderate video play on MTV and other music channels. The song is about Bert", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 20 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12151109", "chunk_text": "\"Confetti (Little Birdy album)\"\nConfetti (Little Birdy album) Confetti is the third studio album by Australian indie rock band Little Birdy, released on 8 May 2009. It debuted at number 6 on the ARIA album charts. In an interview, Steele describes the inspiration behind the title: \"\"Confetti fell out of my mouth, the word just literally came out of nowhere\"\". \"\"Brother\"\" is inspired by a lifetime with her brother, Luke and father, Rick. It opens with the couplet \"\"my brother you taught me how to fly, my papa you taught me how to cry\"\". Australian music legend Paul Kelly adds vocals and harmonica to", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 21 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20396201", "chunk_text": "\"Birdy discography\"\nBirdy discography English musician Birdy has released three studio albums, four extended plays, seven singles, six music videos and three instrumental albums in MP3 format. She began her career at the age of twelve when she won the Open Mic UK music competition, singing \"\"So Be Free\"\", a song she composed herself. The competition brought Birdy to the attention of 14th Floor Records, which signed her in 2008. Birdy released her self-titled début studio album in November 2011. Produced by Rich Costey and Jim Abbiss, it consists of cover versions and original songs. The album reached number one on the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 22 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13878693", "chunk_text": "\"The Birds (film)\"\nlit with narrow-spectrum sodium vapor lights. Unlike most compositing processes, SVP actually shoots two separate elements of the footage simultaneously using a beam-splitter. One reel is regular film stock and the other a film stock with emulsion sensitive only to the sodium vapor wavelength. This results in very precise matte shots compared to blue screen special effects, necessary due to \"\"fringing\"\" of the image from the birds' rapid wing flapping. The film premiered March 28, 1963 in New York City. The Museum of Modern Art hosted an invitation-only screening as part of a 50-film retrospective of Hitchcock's film work. The", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 23 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1847636", "chunk_text": "\"Birdy (film)\"\nof 1984. Following its release, the film premiered at the 1985 Cannes Film Festival, and on May 20, 1985, it won the Grand Prix Spécial du Jury prize. In 1987, the film received an Audience Award at the Warsaw International Film Festival. Birdy (film) Birdy is a 1984 American drama film based on William Wharton's 1978 novel of the same name. Directed by Alan Parker, it stars Matthew Modine and Nicolas Cage. The film focuses on the friendship between Birdy (Modine) and Al Columbato (Cage), two teenage boys living in a working-class neighborhood in 1960s Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. The story is", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 24 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1137303", "chunk_text": "\"The Orioles\"\nThe Orioles The Orioles were an American R&B group of the late 1940s and early 1950s, one of the earliest such vocal groups who established the basic pattern for the doo-wop sound. The Orioles are generally acknowledged as R&B's first vocal group. Baltimore natives, they blended rhythm with group harmonies. Dubbing themselves after Maryland’s state bird, the Orioles started the trend of bird groups (The Cardinals, The Crows, The Flamingos, The Larks, The Penguins, The Ravens, The Wrens, etc.). They brought their winning formula to their first charted hit \"\"It’s Too Soon To Know\"\"; a #1 record in November 1948,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 25 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4733661", "chunk_text": "\"The Story of the Ghost\"\nThe Story of the Ghost The Story of the Ghost is the seventh studio album by American rock band Phish, released by Elektra Records on October 27, 1998. The album features an emphasis on the jazz-funk influenced \"\"cow-funk\"\" style, which the group had been experimenting with in concert throughout 1997 and 1998. The album's first single was \"\"Birds of a Feather\"\", which was a Top 20 hit on \"\"Billboard\"\" magazine's Adult Alternative Songs chart. Much of the album originated during large-scale improvisation sessions. The band then took favorite moments from those in-studio jams and wrote songs around them, adding lyrics", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 26 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7735467", "chunk_text": "\"Birds in music\"\nwho have made extensive use of birdsong in their music include Emily Doolittle and Hollis Taylor. The zoomusicologist Hollis Taylor has charted the multiple techniques used by composers when appropriating the song of the Australian pied butcherbird (\"\"Cracticus nigrogularis\"\"): Among jazz musicians, Paul Winter (\"\"Flyway\"\") and Jeff Silverbush (\"\"Grandma Mickey\"\") made use of sounds like birdsong. The improvisatory saxophonist Charlie Parker, known as \"\"Bird\"\", played fast, flowing melodic lines, with titles such as \"\"Yardbird Suite\"\", \"\"Ornithology\"\", \"\"Bird Gets the Worm\"\", and \"\"Bird of Paradise\"\". The Italian composer Ottorino Respighi, with his \"\"The Pines of Rome\"\" (1923–1924), may have been the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 27 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6519058", "chunk_text": "\"Black Lace (band)\"\nthe band its biggest chart success. The duo played the Northern club circuit using pre-recorded backing tracks (controversial at the time) Initially they used the name Lace, but soon reverted to Black Lace and recruited a new manager, John Wagstaff. They recorded an instrumental single based on the \"\"Chicken Dance\"\". It was released as \"\"Birds Dance\"\" in 1981. Under the name 'Buzzby' However, the record was beaten to the charts by another version of the song by The Tweets released as \"\"The Birdie Song\"\". \"\"Birds Dance\"\" has since been retitled \"\"The Birdie Song\"\" and included on Black Lace albums. Black", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 28 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11518248", "chunk_text": "\"Birdy (film)\"\nhad planned to release the film using a platform technique which involved opening it in select cities before releasing it nationwide. The studio was confident that the limited theatrical run would generate strong-word-of-mouth interest and awards consideration for the film. \"\"Birdy\"\" opened in limited release on December 21, 1984 in New York City, Los Angeles and Toronto. The film's failure to garner any award nominations during the limited run resulted in Tri-Star cancelling a wide release scheduled for late January 1985. In response, A&M Films prompted the studio to refocus the film's marketing campaign. Tri-Star adjusted its promotional focus on", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 29 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1150349", "chunk_text": "\"Talking bird\"\ncorella (\"\"Cacatua tenuirostris\"\") is described as being able to talk \"\"very clearly\"\". The budgerigar, or common parakeet (\"\"Melopsittacus undulatus\"\"), is a popular talking-bird species because of their potential for large vocabularies, ease of care and well-socialized demeanor. Between 1954 and 1962, a budgerigar named Sparkie Williams held the record for having the largest vocabulary of a talking bird; at his death, he knew 531 words and 383 sentences. In 1995, a budgerigar named Puck was credited by Guinness World Records as having the largest vocabulary of any bird, at 1,728 words. The monk parakeet (\"\"Myiopsitta monachus\"\"), sometimes known as the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 30 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20154409", "chunk_text": "\"Aviary (album)\"\nAviary (album) Aviary is the fifth studio album by American musician Julia Holter, released on October 26, 2018, by Domino Recording Company. It was preceded by the singles \"\"I Shall Love 2\"\" and \"\"Words I Heard\"\". The album title is derived from a line in poet Etel Adnan's 2009 collection \"\"Master of the Eclipse\"\". Holter has said that concepts regarding 'memory' were a key influence during the writing of \"\"Aviary\"\". In an interview with \"\"DIY\"\" she revealed that \"\"Memory was a theme that kept coming up. Memories that emerge in the mind that get in the way of your own", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 31 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13245200", "chunk_text": "\"Bird Set Free\"\ncredits of the horror film \"\"The Shallows\"\". It was also featured in the opening credits of the 2017 film \"\"Unforgettable\"\". Keala Settle's version of the song was released on March 6, 2018. Bird Set Free \"\"Bird Set Free\"\" is a song recorded by Sia for her seventh studio album \"\"This Is Acting\"\" (2016). In an interview with \"\"Rolling Stone\"\", Sia said that the song was written for \"\"Pitch Perfect 2\"\" soundtrack, but they rejected it in favour of \"\"Flashlight\"\". Afterwards she pitched it to Rihanna, who rejected it, then to Adele, who initially recorded it but later decided to let", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 32 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2807260", "chunk_text": "\"I Am a Bird Now\"\nfollowing people contributed to \"\"I Am a Bird Now:\"\" !scope=\"\"row\"\"\|Worldwide I Am a Bird Now I Am a Bird Now is the second album by New York City band Antony and the Johnsons. It won the Mercury Prize on September 6, 2005. After winning the prize, the album shot up the UK albums chart from #135 to #16 in one week, the biggest jump in the history of the Mercury Music Prize. As of September 2011, UK sales stand at 220,000 copies. The album features guest appearances by Rufus Wainwright (\"\"What Can I Do?\"\"), Devendra Banhart, Joan Wasser and by", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 33 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4955546", "chunk_text": "\"Surfin' Bird\"\nto play the song that night at their own gig. During this first performance, drummer and vocalist Steve Wahrer stopped playing and ad-libbed the \"\"Surfin' Bird\"\" middle section. Despite not knowing \"\"The Bird's the Word\"\" was a Rivingtons song, the similarity to \"\"Papa-Oom-Mow-Mow\"\" was obvious and the Trashmen added the chorus to the end of their new track. A local disc jockey, Bill Diehl, was at the gig and convinced the band to record the track. It was recorded at Kay Bank Studios in Minneapolis. Diehl entered it into a local battle of the bands competition and it won. It", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 34 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20348744", "chunk_text": "\"Birdy (Birdy album)\"\nnotes of \"\"Birdy\"\". Birdy (Birdy album) Birdy is the debut studio album by English musician Birdy, released on 4 November 2011 by Atlantic Records. The album includes the singles \"\"Skinny Love\"\", \"\"Shelter\"\", \"\"People Help the People\"\" and \"\"1901\"\". The album received generally positive reviews from critics. At Metacritic, the album received a score of 61 based on 10 critics. AllMusic's Jon O'Brien wrote that \"\"this stripped-back collection of lesser-known hits and album tracks reads like a who's who of lo-fi hipster indie rock\"\", praising Birdy's \"\"youthful and fragile\"\" voice, and concluding that \"\"thanks to her haunting tones and a tasteful", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 35 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2125738", "chunk_text": "\"I'm Like a Bird\"\nI'm Like a Bird \"\"I'm Like a Bird\"\" is a song written by Canadian singer-songwriter Nelly Furtado, and produced by Gerald Eaton and Brian West, as the first single from her first album, \"\"Whoa, Nelly!\"\" It was one of the most successful singles of 2001, peaking at number one on Canada's MuchMusic chart, as well as number two in Australia and New Zealand, number five in the United Kingdom, and number nine in the United States. The song received very positive reviews from music critics for Furtado's singing and the empowering lyrics, and became one of the most critically acclaimed", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 36 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13018988", "chunk_text": "\"Free as a Bird\"\nFree as a Bird \"\"Free as a Bird\"\" is a song originally composed and recorded in 1977 as a home demo by John Lennon. In 1995, a studio version of the recording, incorporating contributions from Paul McCartney, George Harrison and Ringo Starr, was released as a single by the Beatles. It was released 25 years after the break-up of the band and 15 years after the death of Lennon. The single was released as part of the promotion for \"\"The Beatles Anthology\"\" video documentary and the band's \"\"Anthology 1\"\" compilation album. For the \"\"Anthology\"\" project, McCartney asked Lennon's widow Yoko", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 37 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13434563", "chunk_text": "\"The Word (band)\"\nWord, on January 1, 2010 in Fort Lauderdale, Florida. Their debut self-titled album, produced by Medeski and released on Ropeadope Records July 31, 2001, includes an updated version of \"\"Without God\"\", the song that brought The Word together in the first place. The album contains a mixture of traditional gospel songs (played with instrumental arrangements) and original instrumentals written by the group. The group toured in 2002 and then reunited to tour again in late 2007/early 2008. The group also played at the Bonnaroo festival in 2005 and 2012, and on the Jam Cruise in 2010. The group performed live", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 38 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8945618", "chunk_text": "\"Bird Dog (song)\"\nBird Dog (song) \"\"Bird Dog\"\" is a song written by Boudleaux Bryant and recorded by the Everly Brothers. It was released in 1958 and was a #1 hit on the Billboard Country Chart. The song also hit number two on the U.S. Billboard Hot 100 as well as peaking at number two for three weeks on the R&B charts. The song deals with the singer's dismay that a boy by the name of Johnny is trying to take his girlfriend away. The singer calls him a bird dog as a result of his actions. The musical structure is relatively unusual", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 39 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4058652", "chunk_text": "\"Deliver the Word\"\nDeliver the Word Deliver the Word is the sixth album by War, released in 1973 on United Artists Records. The album featured two singles, \"\"Gypsy Man\"\" (severely truncated from the 11 minute album version) backed with \"\"Deliver the Word\"\" (US #8), and \"\"Me and Baby Brother\"\" backed with \"\"In Your Eyes\"\" (US #15). A live version of \"\"Me and Baby Brother\"\" had been released previously on \"\"All Day Music\"\" (1971). The title \"\"HOverture\"\" is a pun on HO, the chemical formula for water. A 4-channel surround sound (quadraphonic) mix was also released for the album in the 8-track tape format", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 40 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13706472", "chunk_text": "\"Birdman (rapper)\"\nBirdman disparaged the hosts of hip-hop radio show \"\"The Breakfast Club\"\" during a live interview, telling them to \"\"stop playing with my fucking name\"\" and to \"\"put some respek on my name\"\". He later issued an apology for his outburst after being awarded the \"\"Donkey of the Day\"\" appellation from one of the hosts, Charlamagne Tha God. The video went viral, and on April 27, 2016, Birdman launched a merchandise line, \"\"Respek\"\", featuring catchphrases from the interview. Birdman (rapper) Bryan Christopher Williams (born Bryan Christopher Brooks; February 15, 1963), known by his stage name Birdman (also known as Baby), is", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 41 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15669264", "chunk_text": "\"Birdland (band)\"\n\"\"Rock n Roll Nigger\"\", all of which were #1 UK independent singles. \"\"Sleep With Me\"\" also reached the Top 40 in the UK Singles Chart (with the video being shown on \"\"Top of the Pops\"\"). It was two years after the first single that the band finally released their eponymously titled debut album in 1991. After the album's release, problems with management and inner band disagreement forced the band to split up. They briefly reunited in 2011 and streamed a new demo. Birdland (band) Birdland were an English rock band, active between 1988 and 1993. Birdland were formed in 1988", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 42 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16775817", "chunk_text": "\"The Bird and the Rifle\"\nThe Bird and the Rifle The Bird and The Rifle is the ninth studio album by Lori McKenna, released on July 29, 2016, through CN Records. It includes the song \"\"Humble and Kind\"\", which was written by McKenna and first recorded by Tim McGraw for his 2015 album \"\"Damn Country Music\"\". Despite the album's limited commercial success (it never charted on the \"\"Billboard\"\" 200), it earned critical acclaim and was nominated for Best Americana Album at the 59th Annual Grammy Awards. In an interview with The Guardian, McKenna said that \"\"there were more stories and characters on the last record,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 43 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16788628", "chunk_text": "\"Bird (2017 film)\"\nBird (2017 film) Bird () is a 2017 Russian comedy-drama film, directorial debut of Ksenia Baskakova. The film's title is a pun; the lead characters surname is Ptitsyn, which is similar to the Russian word meaning bird. All her life, teenage girl Katya (Evdokia Malevskaya) has to change hospitals because of having tuberculosis. Therefore, Katya has practically no friends, and the girl sees practically nothing except for the hospital walls. One day, a popular rock musician named Oleg (Ivan Okhlobystin) is admitted next room. The girl and the musician develop a close friendship which is to change both of their", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 44 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16549969", "chunk_text": "\"Words (F. R. David song)\"\nWords (F. R. David song) \"\"Words\"\" is a 1981 song by F. R. David. The song was originally released only in France and Monaco in the winter of 1981; later it was released in the rest of Europe. In 1983, it finally was released in America and the UK. It was a huge European hit, peaking at number one in Germany, Switzerland, Sweden, Austria and Norway. In spring of 1983, it peaked at number two on the British charts. It also went to number one in South Africa in late 1982 and spent 25 weeks on the charts. In Australia,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 45 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18966647", "chunk_text": "\"The Mynabirds\"\nreleased on August 7, 2015 via Saddle Creek. \"\"Lovers Know\"\" took a year to make, as Burhenn drove across the US twice and toured South Africa solo while writing. Burhenn then spent 8 months in studios in Los Angeles, Nashville, Joshua Tree and Auckland, New Zealand with producer Bradley Hanan Carter (of Black English). The first single, \"\"Semantics\"\", debuted on NPR's All Songs Considered on May 12, 2015. In the summer of 2017, Burhenn released a series of EPs that culminated in the release of the album \"\"Be Here Now\"\". This album was the product of two weeks of writing", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 46 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17364816", "chunk_text": "\"A Word of Science: The First and Final Chapter\"\n\"\"B.W.T.M.\"\" merges the styles of human beatboxing with the techno drums of a Roland TR-808. \"\"How Ya' Doin'\"\" has been described as an \"\"old-school shout-out track,\"\" and is cited by Shapiro as one of the earliest instances of jazz influencing electronic music. \"\"A Word of Science\"\" was released by Warp Records on 16 September 1991, with packaging was designed by The Designer's Republic. Despite not entering the UK Albums Chart, the album was nonetheless deemed successful, and received critical acclaim for its fusion of funk, soul and hip hop. It nonetheless puzzled listeners expecting more straight-forward dance music like the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 47 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6006051", "chunk_text": "\"Norwegian Wood (This Bird Has Flown)\"\nNorwegian Wood (This Bird Has Flown) \"\"Norwegian Wood (This Bird Has Flown)\"\" is a song by the English rock band the Beatles. It was primarily written by John Lennon, and credited to the songwriting partnership of John Lennon and Paul McCartney and was first released on the album \"\"Rubber Soul\"\" on 3 December 1965. Influenced by the introspective lyrics of Bob Dylan, \"\"Norwegian Wood\"\" is considered a milestone in the Beatles' progression as complex songwriters. Ravi Shankar and the recordings of studio musicians during the \"\"Help!\"\" filming sessions inspired lead guitarist George Harrison to incorporate the sitar into the song.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 48 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16242850", "chunk_text": "\"Birdy (singer)\"\non 23 September 2013 in the UK. At the 2014 Brit Awards, she was nominated for Best British Female Solo Artist. Her third studio album, \"\"Beautiful Lies\"\", was released on 25 March 2016. Birdy was born on 15 May 1996, in Lymington, UK. Her father is Rupert Oliver Benjamin van den Bogaerde, a writer (author of \"\"Daybreak Into Darkness\"\" under the name Rupert Bogarde); her mother is Sophie Patricia (née Roper-Curzon), a concert pianist. Birdy learned to play the piano at the age of seven, and began writing her own music at the age of eight. Her parents were married", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 49 } ]
test_3549	where was the remake of wake in fright filmed?	n/a	[ "Broken", "Broken Hill", "Broken Hill and Sydney" ]	[]	n/a	n/a	n/a	[]	[ { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8123086", "chunk_text": "\"Wake in Fright (miniseries)\"\nstupid idea\"\". He changed his mind and accepted the role after expressing satisfaction with the script, adding that \"\"Very few people after my generation will ever see that film. That's what made me turn 180 degrees. I thought, 'Why not give people the opportunity to access this story? Why am I being so snooty about it?'\"\" Principal photography for \"\"Wake in Fright\"\" took place in Broken Hill and Sydney. Beginning on March 5, 2017, the shoot lasted five weeks. Network Ten released the first trailer for \"\"Wake in Fright\"\" on July 25, 2017, followed by a second on September 17.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 0 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11722622", "chunk_text": "\"Wake in Fright\"\nWake in Fright Wake in Fright (initially released as Outback outside Australia) is a 1971 psychological thriller film directed by Ted Kotcheff, written by Evan Jones and starring Gary Bond, Donald Pleasence, Chips Rafferty, Sylvia Kay and Jack Thompson. Based on Kenneth Cook's 1961 novel of the same name, the film follows a young schoolteacher from Sydney who descends into personal moral degradation after finding himself stranded in a brutal, menacing town in outback Australia. Filmed on location in Broken Hill and Sydney, \"\"Wake in Fright\"\" was an Australian-American co-production between NLT Productions and Westinghouse Broadcasting. Alongside \"\"Walkabout\"\", it was", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 1 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16257532", "chunk_text": "\"Wake (cancelled film)\"\nthe role of Claire Forrester, the dead man's widow who is also a Red's former lover. Cameron Monaghan and Ellen Burstyn would also be starring in the film. Principal photography began on February 16, 2015 in Cleveland, Ohio. The whole film was to be shot in Northeast Ohio and filming was intended to end on April 17, 2015. On February 26, 2015, \"\"Deadline\"\" revealed that the production on the film had shut down due to financial problems, and Benaroya Pictures confirmed that they were working quickly to get help to resume the principal photography in approximately 2-3 weeks. On April", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 2 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7319711", "chunk_text": "\"Wake in Fright\"\nwould continue to have a successful career as a director. His later films included \"\"The Apprenticeship of Duddy Kravitz\"\" (1973), \"\"Fun with Dick and Jane\"\" (1977), \"\"First Blood\"\" (1982) and \"\"Weekend at Bernie's\"\" (1988). The shooting of \"\"Wake in Fright\"\" began in January 1970 in the mining town of Broken Hill, New South Wales (the area which had inspired Cook for the setting of his novel), with interiors shot the next month at Ajax Studios in the Sydney beach-side suburb of Bondi. It was the last film to feature the veteran character actor Chips Rafferty, who died of a heart", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 3 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9619741", "chunk_text": "\"Wake in Fright (miniseries)\"\nWake in Fright (miniseries) Wake in Fright is an Australian miniseries based on Kenneth Cook's 1961 novel of the same name, which first aired on Network Ten in October 2017. Directed by Kriv Stenders and written by Stephen M. Irwin, the series features an ensemble cast that includes Sean Keenan, Alex Dimitriades, Caren Pistorius, David Wenham, Anna Samson, Gary Sweet and Robyn Malcolm. It is the second filmed adaptation of Cook's novel, following Ted Kotcheff's 1971 film version. As with earlier versions of the story, the series depicts the psychological journey of John Grant, a schoolteacher who has been marooned", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 4 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8123078", "chunk_text": "\"Wake in Fright (miniseries)\"\ninstead ensured his safety during his stupor, composed a suicide note, and willingly stepped in the path of his rifle. Following Janette's advice, John is renewed by his experiences and returns to Tiboonda to start the new school year. Principal cast Supporting cast In 2012, Triptych Pictures producer Kristian Moliere and Helen Bowden of Matchbox Pictures approached the family of writer Kenneth Cook on the possibility of a televised adaptation of his 1961 novel \"\"Wake in Fright\"\". Although the response was enthusiastic, the pair was informed that they would only be allowed to begin production once they had found the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 5 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16257530", "chunk_text": "\"Wake (cancelled film)\"\nWake (cancelled film) Wake is a cancelled American action thriller film written by Christopher Borrelli. The film had Ben Kingsley, Piper Perabo, Cameron Monaghan and Ellen Burstyn set to star. Filming began on February 16, 2015 in Cleveland, which halted on February 26 due to financial issues. It was then expected to resume production in 2-3 weeks, but it was postponed for an indefinite time after actor Bruce Willis and director John Pogue left the film due to financing and scheduling issues. Red Forrester returns to his childhood home on a remote island to his very family after years of", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 6 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1860809", "chunk_text": "\"The Frighteners\"\nZealand look similar to the Midwestern United States. Principal photography began on May 14, 1995 and lasted until November 16, which is one of the longest shooting schedules ever approved by Universal Pictures. Six weeks into the shoot, cinematographer Alun Bollinger had a serious car accident. His replacement, John Blick, later alternated duties with Bollinger for much of the rest of the shoot. Location shooting primarily included Wellington and three weeks spent in Lyttelton. Interior scenes were compiled at Camperdown Studios in Miramar. Jackson's Weta Digital created the visual effects, which included computer-generated imagery, as well as scale models (which", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 7 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11722627", "chunk_text": "\"Wake in Fright\"\nand VHS releases. After the original film and sound elements were rescued by editor Anthony Buckley in 2004, the film was digitally remastered and given a 2009 re-release at Cannes and in Australian theatres to widespread acclaim; it was issued commercially on DVD and Blu-ray later that year. Praised by critics for its direction and performances, \"\"Wake in Fright\"\" is now considered a pivotal film of the Australian New Wave and has earned a rare 100% approval rating on the review aggregator website Rotten Tomatoes. A televised miniseries remake of \"\"Wake in Fright\"\" premiered in 2017. John Grant is a", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 8 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8123098", "chunk_text": "\"Wake in Fright (miniseries)\"\n29. The DVD includes a 10-minute behind-the-scenes featurette containing brief interviews with key cast and crew members. Wake in Fright (miniseries) Wake in Fright is an Australian miniseries based on Kenneth Cook's 1961 novel of the same name, which first aired on Network Ten in October 2017. Directed by Kriv Stenders and written by Stephen M. Irwin, the series features an ensemble cast that includes Sean Keenan, Alex Dimitriades, Caren Pistorius, David Wenham, Anna Samson, Gary Sweet and Robyn Malcolm. It is the second filmed adaptation of Cook's novel, following Ted Kotcheff's 1971 film version. As with earlier versions of", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 9 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17774011", "chunk_text": "\"Wake of the Red Witch\"\nthe complex motivations of its characters. Filming started in July 1948. The island scenes were shot at Rancho Santa Anita, formerly owned by Lucky Baldwin, with sea footage shot at the Isthmus on Catalina Island. Underwater scenes meant extensive work was done in post production. A new restoration of \"\"Wake of the Red Witch\"\" by Paramount Pictures, The Film Foundation, and Martin Scorsese premiered at New York City's Museum of Modern Art (MoMA) on August 9, 2018. The screening was part of the museum's program of showcasing 30 restored films from the library of Republic Pictures curated by Scorsese. Wake", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 10 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8095489", "chunk_text": "\"Wake in Fright\"\nshown to the general public for the first time at the Sydney Film Festival in June 2009, and in re-release has been called \"\"a classic Australian film which has achieved cult status\"\". Network Ten premiered a two-part miniseries based on the novel on October 8, 2017. Wake in Fright Wake in Fright (initially released as Outback outside Australia) is a 1971 psychological thriller film directed by Ted Kotcheff, written by Evan Jones and starring Gary Bond, Donald Pleasence, Chips Rafferty, Sylvia Kay and Jack Thompson. Based on Kenneth Cook's 1961 novel of the same name, the film follows a young", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 11 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8879765", "chunk_text": "Beetlejuice\nwith positive feedback and prompted Burton to film an epilogue featuring Betelgeuse foolishly angering a witch doctor. Warner Bros. disliked the title \"\"Beetlejuice\"\" and wanted to call the film \"\"House Ghosts\"\". As a joke, Burton suggested the name \"\"Scared Sheetless\"\" and was horrified when the studio actually considered using it. Exterior shots were filmed in East Corinth, Vermont. McDowell's original script is far less comedic and much darker; the Maitlands' car crash is depicted graphically, with Barbara's arm being crushed and the couple screaming for help as they slowly drown in the river. A reference to this remained, as Barbara", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 12 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9595638", "chunk_text": "\"Wake in Fright\"\nattack prior to \"\"Wake in Fright\"\"s release, and the first film with Jack Thompson, the future Australian cinema star, among its cast members. Coincidentally, Rafferty (real name John William Pilbean Goffage) had been born in Broken Hill, the film's stand-in for the Yabba, in 1909. The world premiere of \"\"Wake in Fright\"\" (as \"\"Outback\"\") occurred at the 1971 Cannes Film Festival, held in May. Ted Kotcheff was nominated for a Golden Palm Award. The film opened commercially in France on 22 July 1971, Great Britain on 29 October 1971, Australia during the same month and the United States on 20", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 13 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18398323", "chunk_text": "\"Wake Wood\"\nthey bury her. Patrick and Louise admit that she has actually been dead for over a year, which has caused her to react in the way she has. As Louise turns to leave, Alice drags her mother down into the grave with her, the penalty for misuse of the ritual. Sometime later, Arthur resurrects a heavily pregnant Louise. At home, Patrick and Louise talk about the unborn child. Later, in the final scene, Patrick lays out surgical tools. \"\"Wake Wood\"\" was filmed in County Donegal, Ireland, and in Österlen, Scania, Sweden. The selection of Sweden as a shooting location was", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 14 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7256944", "chunk_text": "\"Haunts (film)\"\nhim in the vanity reflection. According to Freed, he and his wife, Anne Marisse, co-authored the screenplay after he experienced a series of repressed memories following Marisse's witnessing of a car accident. Freed characterized the film as \"\"a look at a woman's psyche, and it's very powerful.\"\" The film was shot on location in Mendocino, California. Actor Cameron Mitchell recalled the film as \"\"very strange,\"\" and he was unsure of directo Freed's vision. Mitchell also stated that in the original cut of the film, his character embraced Ingrid, which was excised in post-production. The film's working title was \"\"The Veil\"\".", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 15 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7941002", "chunk_text": "\"The Haunting (1999 film)\"\ninteriors. Sets were built in just eight weeks, with a team of more than 40 sculptors, 200 scenic painters, and 400 carpenters working in three shifts. Visual effects were done by Tippett Studio and Industrial Light and Magic. Principal photography began on November 30, 1998, and ended April 9, 1999. Harlaxton Manor, in England, was used as the exterior of Hill House. The billiard room scene was filmed in the Great Hall of the manor, while many of the interior sets were built inside the dome-shaped hangar that once housed \"\"The Spruce Goose\"\", near the permanently docked \"\"RMS Queen Mary\"\"", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 16 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12428609", "chunk_text": "\"Wake in Fright\"\nthe hunt. At the 2009 Cannes Classic screening of \"\"Wake in Fright\"\", 12 people walked out during the kangaroo hunt. Director Ted Kotcheff, a professed vegetarian, has defended his use of the hunting footage in the film. For many years, the only known print of \"\"Wake in Fright\"\", found in Dublin, was considered of insufficient quality for transfer to DVD or videotape for commercial release. In response to this situation, \"\"Wake in Fright\"\"s editor, Anthony Buckley, began to search in 1994 for a better-preserved copy of the film in an uncut state. Eight years later, in Pittsburgh, Buckley found the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 17 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1483434", "chunk_text": "\"Fright Night (2011 film)\"\nreturning his victims to their human form. Afterwards, Charley's mother recovers from the hospital and goes to shop for a new house as Charley and Amy have sex in Peter's penthouse. Chris Sarandon, who portrayed Jerry in the original film, makes a cameo appearance as a motorist killed by the vampire (his character is credited as \"\"Jay Dee\"\", after the initials of his original character). Principal photography of Charley, Ed and Jerry's houses and neighborhood began in Rio Rancho, New Mexico, a suburb Northwest of Albuquerque, New Mexico, the scenes of Peter Vincent on stage were shot at the National", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 18 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20409330", "chunk_text": "\"Fear in the Night (1972 film)\"\non location in Aldenham, Hertfordshire. The scenes featuring the lakeshore (including the scene where Judy Geeson's character encounters Joan Collins') were shot at Aldenham Country Park around the Aldenham Reservoir. Bhaktivedanta Manor was used for the location of the boys' school. Additional filming took place at Elstree Studios in Hertfordshire. \"\"Fear in the Night\"\" was released in the United Kingdom on 9 July 1972, shown as a double bill with \"\"Straight on Till Morning\"\", another Hammer film with similar themes. The films were shown in cinemas as a double feature titled \"\"Women in Fear.\"\" Executive Michael Carreras at Hammer studios", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 19 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11750399", "chunk_text": "\"Wake in Fright (miniseries)\"\noption for the original 1971 film version - if the deal stated that the adaptation rights were owned by a single entity in perpetuity, Moliere and Bowden would not be allowed to proceed with a series. The search for the option took three years, and eventually resulted in a copy being uncovered at the Estate of Dirk Bogarde (who had originally planned to produce an adaptation in 1963) in Paris, which indicated that the option only referred to a film version, allowing Moliere and Bowden - who had left Matchbox and co-founded Lingo Pictures with Jason Stephens of FremantleMedia Australia", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 20 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19858372", "chunk_text": "\"Scream 2\"\nby Campbell's character in \"\"Scream\"\" that she would be played by Spelling in a movie based on her life. Craven remarked that she was a \"\"good sport\"\" about the joke and happy to take part. Principal photography for \"\"Scream 2\"\" took place over nine week period and on a budget of $24 million. Atlanta, Georgia and Los Angeles were used to represent the state of Ohio, where the fictional Windsor College is situated in \"\"Scream 2\"\", with filming taking place largely in Los Angeles and over four weeks in Atlanta. The opening scene featuring the premiere of the fictional \"\"Stab\"\"", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 21 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19206952", "chunk_text": "\"Dan Brodie\"\nto tape, allowing for two takes of each song, and choosing the best version - by the end of the night we had an Award winning album!\"\" In April 2015, Brodie embarked on a three-month solo acoustic tour of Europe playing back to back shows at France’s famed Cinema Utopia (presenting Ted Kotcheff's Aussie cult classic film \"\"Wake in Fright\"\"), a three star Michelin restaurant, a dive bar in the Basque country, a Record Fair, a bookstore and finishing up with a sold out show in Paris. 2016 saw Brodie perform at the Gumball Festival in the Hunter Valley, NSW", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 22 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7010228", "chunk_text": "\"Wake in Fright (novel)\"\na script by Evan Jones, and featured Gary Bond, Donald Pleasence and Chips Rafferty in the lead roles. The novel was also adapted for a two-part miniseries in 2017. Wake in Fright (novel) Wake in Fright (1961) is the debut novel by Australian author Kenneth Cook. John Grant is a young, bonded schoolteacher who has been assigned to work a gruelling two-year post as the schoolmaster of Tiboonda, an isolated, three-building township in the outback of western New South Wales. Upon finishing school in time for the six-week Christmas holiday season, Grant catches a train to the mining town of", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 23 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8657617", "chunk_text": "\"Freak Out (2004 film)\"\na violent rampage that sends the small-town citizens of Redwater Cove running for their lives. Upon realizing that they are the only ones who can put an end to the bloody killing spree, the longtime horror fans prepare to put their vast knowledge of slasher disposal to the ultimate test. \"\"Freak Out\"\" began filming on 20 October 1999, and ended 12 June 2003 with an estimated budget of £30,000. The film was shot at both Bournemouth, Dorset, England, UK, and London, England, UK. The film garnered mostly positive reviews from critics. In 2004, Director Christian James, won the Commendation Award", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 24 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1156185", "chunk_text": "FeardotCom\ndon't get me wrong, but the film should have been rewritten for her, instead of being written for somebody who was showing off how good she is at her job. Natascha has this sort of competence and elegance, so you just don't buy that with her.\"\" Jeffrey Combs, who had appeared in Malone's previous feature, \"\"House on Haunted Hill\"\", was cast in a supporting part as a detective. Though set in New York City, the film was shot in Montreal, Québec, Canada, and in Luxembourg. Director William Malone had not intended to shoot the film in Luxembourg, but stated that", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 25 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10688714", "chunk_text": "\"Silent Night, Bloody Night\"\nThe killer, revealed to be the elderly Wilfred Butler, finally appears, and Diane grabs Jeffrey's gun and shoots him dead. A year later, Diane takes one last look at the Butler mansion before it is destroyed by a bulldozer crew. Principal photography for \"\"Silent Night, Bloody Night\"\" began on November 30, 1970 in Oyster Bay, New York. The Fritz House in Oyster Bay served as the Butler home in the film. The film originally had the working title \"\"Zora\"\", which was the title of an unrelated screenplay owned by Cannon Films. Post-production took place in the summer of 1972, with", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 26 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8123085", "chunk_text": "\"Wake in Fright (miniseries)\"\nLee Jones, Anna Samson, Hannah Frederiksen and Jada Alberts - was announced. Many of the smaller supporting roles and extras were portrayed by locals with no professional acting experience. Keenan revealed that he was offered the part of John Grant while shooting another project; after being introduced to the film by a prop master who had found it on DVD in a charity shop, he studied both the novel and film, particularly the former, to get an understanding of his character. Wenham admitted that he expressed scepticism when he was offered the role of Jock Crawford, calling the reimagining \"\"a", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 27 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18026812", "chunk_text": "\"Wake Wood\"\nWake Wood Wake Wood (sometimes marketed as The Wake Wood) is a 2009 supernatural horror film directed by David Keating. An international co-production between Ireland and the United Kingdom by Hammer Film Productions, the film is set in Northern Ireland and stars Timothy Spall, Eva Birthistle, Ella Connolly and Aidan Gillen. Little Alice Daley is mauled to death by a German Shepherd dog in the yard of her father Patrick's veterinary practice. After her death, Patrick and his wife Louise, a pharmacist, move to a rural village called Wakewood, where they struggle to cope with the loss of their only", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 28 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5723748", "chunk_text": "\"Ted Kotcheff\"\nTed Kotcheff William Theodore Kotcheff (born April 7, 1931) is a Bulgarian-Canadian film and television director and producer, known primarily for his work on several high-profile British and American television productions such as \"\"Armchair Theatre\"\" and \"\"\"\". He has also directed numerous successful films including the seminal Australian classic \"\"Wake in Fright,\"\" action films such as \"\"First Blood\"\" and \"\"Uncommon Valor\"\", and comedies like \"\"Weekend at Bernie's, Fun with Dick and Jane,\"\" and \"\"North Dallas Forty\"\". He is sometimes credited as William T. Kotcheff, and currently resides in Beverly Hills, California. Kotcheff's given name is Velichko Todor Kostadin () Kotcheff,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 29 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1483435", "chunk_text": "\"Fright Night (2011 film)\"\nHispanic Cultural Center in Albuquerque, New Mexico and the scenes involving the Hard Rock Casino, Las Vegas were actually shot at the now defunct Hard Rock Casino, Isleta, New Mexico, with Las Vegas set as the backdrop on July 26, 2010, and wrapped on October 1, 2010. \"\"Fright Night\"\" was produced by DreamWorks Pictures and distributed worldwide by Walt Disney Studios Motion Pictures through the Touchstone Pictures label. The film was the first of two collaborations between Anton Yelchin and Imogen Poots, with the second and final being \"\"Green Room\"\". Steven Spielberg provided a great deal of input in the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 30 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8123070", "chunk_text": "\"Wake in Fright (miniseries)\"\nin an isolated outback town. Although it occasionally makes closer references to the novel than the film, the overall story was largely reworked for the series to fit a contemporary setting. John Grant is a young schoolteacher stationed in Tiboonda, an isolated \"\"dry-town\"\" in the outback. After finishing the school year in time for the Christmas holidays, he begins driving to Sydney to take up a new teaching position at Neutral Bay, as well as seemingly get married to his girlfriend Robyn. John's car is damaged when it collides with a kangaroo, forcing him to take a stopover in the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 31 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8284464", "chunk_text": "\"Kenneth Cook\"\nopposed to the Vietnam War, and stood (unsuccessfully) as an LRG candidate for the seat of Parramatta in the 1966 federal election. A keen amateur lepidopterist, Cook established the first butterfly farm in Australia on the banks of Sydney's Hawkesbury River in the 1970s. Several of Cook's novels were adapted for the screen. \"\"Wake in Fright\"\" was filmed in 1971 by Ted Kotcheff, starring Donald Pleasence and Gary Bond (released under the title \"\"Outback\"\" in Europe and the US). \"\"Stockade\"\" was filmed by Ross McGregor and Hans Pomeranz, also in 1971. In 1976 \"\"The Bushranger\"\" was made into a telemovie,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 32 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3763281", "chunk_text": "\"Dawn of the Dead (1978 film)\"\nreanimation of the dead, who prey on human flesh. David Emge, Ken Foree, Scott Reiniger, and Gaylen Ross star as survivors of the outbreak who barricade themselves inside a suburban shopping mall amid mass hysteria. \"\"Dawn of the Dead\"\" was filmed over approximately four months, from late 1977 to early 1978, in the Pennsylvania cities of Pittsburgh and Monroeville. Its primary filming location was the Monroeville Mall. The film was made on a budget estimated at $1.5 million and grossed approximately $55 million worldwide. The film has a 93% approval rating at Rotten Tomatoes, which calls it \"\"one of the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 33 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8853765", "chunk_text": "\"Halloween (2018 film)\"\nrequested that he be allowed to actually confirm that Michael's heart had stopped beating for himself and then witness as the body was cremated, claiming that Michael needed to be killed because there was no point in keeping evil alive. Additionally, P. J. Soles, who had portrayed Lynda van der Klok, Michael's final victim, in the original film, cameos as a teacher. Principal production began on January 13, 2018 in Charleston, South Carolina. Originally, it was set to begin in late October 2017, but was delayed until January. Michael Simmonds served cinematography duties, with Paul Daley and Stewart Cantrell operating", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 34 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8414638", "chunk_text": "\"Crimson Peak\"\nset to direct. Development was delayed due to scheduling conflicts. The film was described as a \"\"ghost story and gothic romance\"\" heavily inspired by other horror films, such as \"\"The Haunting\"\", \"\"The Innocents\"\" and \"\"The Shining\"\". Principal photography began at Pinewood Toronto Studios in Toronto, Ontario on February 10, 2014, with additional filming in Hamilton, and ended on May 16 that year. The film was shot in IMAX 70mm, becoming the first horror film to do so. The film was produced by Legendary Pictures and Del Toro's production company, DDY Productions. \"\"Crimson Peak\"\" premiered at Fantastic Fest on September 25,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 35 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8123084", "chunk_text": "\"Wake in Fright (miniseries)\"\noriginal film had also adapted the kangaroo hunt as a pig hunt, but this was changed back to the former during filming. Ted Kotcheff, the director of the 1971 film, initially expressed surprise that another adaptation of Cook's novel was being made, questioning \"\"What are they going to do, use the book and make a serial? Is there something missing from the film?\"\" Following this comment, Kotcheff asked to give Stenders his \"\"congratulations and best wishes\"\". On March 4, 2017, the lead cast of \"\"Wake in Fright\"\" - Sean Keenan, David Wenham, Alex Dimitriades, Gary Sweet, Caren Pistorius, Robyn Malcolm,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 36 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3332132", "chunk_text": "\"Jaws 2\"\nplaying were meant to be in distress, the crew (filming from a distance) did not realize that the actors were genuinely calling for help. The interior shots of the teen hang-out where they play pinball were filmed in the original location of the Hog's Breath Saloon on Okaloosa Island. This restaurant later relocated to Destin, Florida as its original building was susceptible to hurricane damage. The production company had to seek dredge and fill permits from Florida's Department of Environmental Regulation to sink the revised platform that controlled the shark on the sea bottom. Principal photography ended three days before", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 37 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11750400", "chunk_text": "\"Wake in Fright (miniseries)\"\n- to enter active development by the end of 2015. By this time, Lingo Pictures had also entered a co-production deal for two series with Mark and Carl Fennessy of Endemol Shine Australia, and \"\"Wake in Fright\"\" was decided as the first of those two productions. Both would also receive international distribution through Endemol Shine International. The series was officially announced on September 6, 2016, with Kriv Stenders being revealed as director. Commenting on the relatively short period from development to principal photography (roughly fourteen months), Bowden explained that screenwriter Stephen M. Irwin - who was hired in January 2016", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 38 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3425568", "chunk_text": "\"Halloween: The Curse of Michael Myers\"\ntransferred to interiors. The original hospital scenes were shot at the abandoned Old Primary Children's Hospital in The Avenues section of Salt Lake City. Producer Paul Freeman and director Chappelle reportedly rewrote the ending on-set, even from shot-to-shot as production deadlines loomed. Freeman also sent the crew home when crucial scenes needed to be shot; deleted scripted scenes indiscriminately; rewrote dialogue and action sequences; and assumed the responsibility of directing second-unit shots and the supervision of post-production of the original cut. These complications resulted in Dimension Films' parent company (and the film's co-production company) Miramax, taking over the film's production,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 39 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7941003", "chunk_text": "\"The Haunting (1999 film)\"\nsteamship, in Long Beach, California. The kitchen scenes were filmed at Belvoir Castle. The film was burdened by reshoots, in part because cinematographer Caleb Deschanel left over creative differences one week into filming. \"\"The Haunting\"\" was panned upon its release, with most critics citing its weak screenplay, its overuse of horror clichés, and its overdone CGI effects. Rotten Tomatoes gave the film a \"\"Rotten\"\" rating of 16%, with the critical consensus stating \"\"Sophisticated visual effects fail to offset awkward performances and an uneven script\"\". Audiences polled by CinemaScore gave the film an average grade of \"\"C+\"\" on an A+ to", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 40 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2878327", "chunk_text": "\"The Haunting (1963 film)\"\nHowever, the location did not sit well with Harris and Bloom who upon arriving at Ettington Park thought it was \"\"scary looking outside\"\", and Wise had to reassure them. Interior sets were constructed and shot at the MGM-British Studios in Borehamwood, Hertfordshire. The interior sets were designed by Elliot Scott, credited by Wise as a \"\"major contributor\"\" to \"\"The Haunting\"\". The sets were designed to be brightly lit, with no dark corners or recesses, and decorated in a Rococo style. All rooms had ceilings to create a claustrophobic effect on film (this was unusual, as most film sets forgo ceilings", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 41 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10305565", "chunk_text": "\"Wake in Fright\"\nnew school year. A film version of \"\"Wake in Fright\"\", based on the 1961 novel by Kenneth Cook, was linked with the actor Dirk Bogarde and the director Joseph Losey as early as 1963. Morris West later secured the film rights and tried, unsuccessfully, to raise funding for the film's production. The rights were eventually bought by NLT and Group W, and Canadian director Ted Kotcheff was recruited to direct the film. At the time of production, Kotcheff had directed three films, \"\"Tiara Tahiti\"\" (1962), \"\"Life at the Top\"\" (1965) and \"\"Two Men Sharing\"\" (1969). After \"\"Wake in Fright\"\", Kotcheff", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 42 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8412302", "chunk_text": "\"The Shining (film)\"\nJan Harlan. Saint Mary Lake and Wild Goose Island in Glacier National Park, Montana was the filming location for the aerial shots of the opening scenes, with the Volkswagen Beetle driving along Going-to-the-Sun Road. The Timberline Lodge on Mount Hood in Oregon was filmed for a few of the establishing shots of the fictional Overlook Hotel; notably absent in these shots is the hedge maze, something the Timberline Lodge does not have. Outtakes of the opening panorama shots were later used by Ridley Scott for the closing moments of the original cut of the film \"\"Blade Runner\"\" (1982). \"\"The Shining\"\"", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 43 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10688706", "chunk_text": "\"Silent Night, Bloody Night\"\nartist Susan Rothenberg. It was filmed in Oyster Bay, Long Island, New York in 1970 but was not released theatrically until 1972 under the alternate titles \"\"Night of the Dark Full Moon\"\", and in 1981 as \"\"Death House\"\" (sometimes stylized as \"\"Deathouse\"\"). Although it is attributed to Zora Investments Associates in the credits, the film was never registered with the United States Copyright Office, and thus fell into the public domain. On Christmas Eve 1950, a man named Wilfred Butler, engulfed in flames, runs out of his mansion near the small town of East Willard, Massachusetts. His death is ruled", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 44 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10307466", "chunk_text": "\"Experiment in Terror\"\nhis men ultimately surround Lynch on the infield of the stadium. As Lynch takes aim at a police helicopter, Ripley shoots him and he dies on the pitchers mound. \"\"Experiment in Terror\"\" was filmed on location in San Francisco. Kelly Sherwood's house is at 100 St. Germaine Avenue in the Clarendon Heights district of San Francisco. Kelly works at the Crocker-Anglo Bank (now Wells Fargo Bank) located at One Montgomery Street. The climactic chase at the end of the film was filmed at Candlestick Park; other nearby filming locations included Fisherman's Wharf and North Beach. The film opened in New", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 45 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7010219", "chunk_text": "\"Wake in Fright (novel)\"\nWake in Fright (novel) Wake in Fright (1961) is the debut novel by Australian author Kenneth Cook. John Grant is a young, bonded schoolteacher who has been assigned to work a gruelling two-year post as the schoolmaster of Tiboonda, an isolated, three-building township in the outback of western New South Wales. Upon finishing school in time for the six-week Christmas holiday season, Grant catches a train to the mining town of Bundanyabba – known by the locals as \"\"The Yabba\"\" – to await a flight home to Sydney, where he hopes to spend his vacation swimming at the nearby beach.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 46 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9837942", "chunk_text": "\"The Forest (2016 film)\"\nfor something \"\"more cerebral than gory slasher films\"\", in the vein of \"\"The Amityville Horror\"\", \"\"Friday the 13th\"\" and \"\"Halloween\"\", as well as the Stephen King adaptations \"\"Cujo\"\", \"\"Pet Sematary\"\" and \"\"The Shining\"\". Principal photography began on May 17, 2015, in Tokyo, Japan. As filming in the Aokigahara forest is not permitted by the government, the filmmakers chose a forest near the Tara Mountain in Serbia to double as the Japanese forest in which the film is set. Poor weather plagued the production in Serbia, and many scenes were shot in a former warehouse. In May 2014, Focus Features acquired", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 47 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14352578", "chunk_text": "\"Rose Red (miniseries)\"\nHaunting of Hill House\"\", the script continued to borrow heavily from Shirley Jackson's novel. The team of researchers strongly resembles that assembled in Jackson's novel, and the rain of rocks is identical to one described in Jackson's story. Pre-production began in July 2000. After a five-month search for a shooting location, the producers discovered Thornewood Castle in Lakewood, Washington, and secured permission to use the mansion as the façade of Rose Red. King subsequently rewrote elements of script and set the action in Seattle, Washington, to accommodate the change. The production paid $500,000 to have many of the rooms on", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 48 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2060341", "chunk_text": "\"Land of the Dead\"\nfilm to be titled \"\"Night of the Living Dead\"\". He refused, wanting to use the title \"\"Dead Reckoning\"\", and the studio then wanted to title it \"\"Night of the Living Dead: Dead Reckoning\"\". It turned out that Fox sought to own the rights to the \"\"Night of the Living Dead\"\" franchise, and Romero decided not to do business with them. The film is the highest budgeted film in the series to date. The film draws on some elements from the original script for \"\"Day of the Dead\"\". Filming took place in Toronto and Hamilton, Ontario, Canada. \"\"Land of the Dead\"\"", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 49 } ]
test_3550	who is the actor who plays king joffrey?	n/a	[ "Jack Gleeson" ]	[]	n/a	n/a	n/a	[]	[ { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15454575", "chunk_text": "\"Jack Gleeson\"\ninterested in pursuing academia, he had since 'gone off that idea'. In 2015, Gleeson starred in the puppetry shows \"\"Bears in Space\"\" created by his theatre company Collapsing Horse and in mid-2016 the show premiered in New York. Jack Gleeson Jack Gleeson (born 20 May 1992) is an Irish former actor, best known for his portrayal of Joffrey Baratheon in the HBO television series \"\"Game of Thrones\"\". Despite his early breakthrough on \"\"Game of Thrones\"\", which won critical acclaim, Gleeson has not acted in TV or film since 2014. He currently runs his own touring theatre company, whose debut puppet", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 0 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14682270", "chunk_text": "\"Jack Gleeson\"\nJack Gleeson Jack Gleeson (born 20 May 1992) is an Irish former actor, best known for his portrayal of Joffrey Baratheon in the HBO television series \"\"Game of Thrones\"\". Despite his early breakthrough on \"\"Game of Thrones\"\", which won critical acclaim, Gleeson has not acted in TV or film since 2014. He currently runs his own touring theatre company, whose debut puppet show—\"\"Bears in Space\"\"—premiered in Edinburgh Festival Fringe, in Edinburgh, Scotland in 2014. Gleeson was born in Cork, Ireland. Gleeson attended Gonzaga College for his secondary education. He attended drama classes when young, with his sisters Rachel and Emma", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 1 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8439768", "chunk_text": "\"Joffrey Baratheon\"\nJoffrey Baratheon Joffrey Baratheon is a fictional character in the \"\"A Song of Ice and Fire\"\" series of epic fantasy novels by American author George R. R. Martin, and its television adaptation \"\"Game of Thrones\"\". Introduced in 1996's \"\"A Game of Thrones\"\", Joffrey is the eldest son of Cersei Lannister from the kingdom of Westeros. He subsequently appeared in Martin's \"\"A Clash of Kings\"\" (1998) and \"\"A Storm of Swords\"\" (2000). Joffrey is portrayed by Irish actor Jack Gleeson in the HBO television adaptation. Joffrey Baratheon is not a point of view character in the novels, so his actions are", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 2 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20464109", "chunk_text": "\"Iain Glen\"\nIain Glen Iain Glen (born 24 June 1961) is a Scottish film, television, and stage actor. Glen is known for his roles as Dr. Alexander Isaacs / Tyrant in the \"\"Resident Evil\"\" film series and as Ser Jorah Mormont in the HBO fantasy television series \"\"Game of Thrones\"\". Other notable roles include John Hanning Speke in \"\"Mountains of the Moon\"\", Sir Richard Carlisle in \"\"Downton Abbey\"\", the title role in \"\"Jack Taylor\"\", and Jarrod Slade in \"\"Cleverman\"\". Iain Glen was born in Edinburgh, Scotland, and educated at the Edinburgh Academy, an independent school for boys (now co-educational), followed by the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 3 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8439776", "chunk_text": "\"Joffrey Baratheon\"\nroyal fool Ser Dontos Hollard, who successfully smuggles Tyrion's wife Sansa out of King's Landing before either of them can be caught and tried for Joffrey's murder. Joffrey is mentioned a few times in the later novels. In January 2007 HBO secured the rights to adapt Martin's series for television. Years later young actor Jack Gleeson was cast as Joffrey Baratheon. Joffrey Baratheon is the Crown Prince of the Seven Kingdoms. He is the eldest of Cersei Lannister's children and heir to the Iron Throne. Evil, arrogant, vicious, and cruel, he has a short temper and believes he can do", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 4 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8439782", "chunk_text": "\"Joffrey Baratheon\"\nfrom the physical and emotional abuse that Joffrey had very clearly inflicted on Sansa. Olenna Tyrell, Margaery's grandmother, later confides to Margaery that she would never have let her marry \"\"that beast\"\". Following Joffrey's funeral, his younger brother and heir, Tommen, is crowned King and proceeds to marry Joffrey's widow Margaery. It is later revealed that Joffrey was poisoned by Olenna with a rare and extremely dangerous poison, called The Strangler. This made him unable to breathe and turned his face purple. Jack Gleeson has received positive reviews for his role as Joffrey Baratheon in the television series. In 2016,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 5 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6710101", "chunk_text": "\"Harry Lloyd\"\nHarry Lloyd Harry Charles Salusbury Lloyd (born 17 November 1983) is an English actor. He is known for his roles as Will Scarlet in the 2006 BBC drama \"\"Robin Hood\"\", Jeremy Baines in the 2007 \"\"Doctor Who\"\" episodes \"\"Human Nature\"\" and \"\"The Family of Blood\"\", and Viserys Targaryen in the first season of the HBO series \"\"Game of Thrones\"\". He has also appeared on stage, and in films including \"\"The Theory of Everything\"\" and \"\"Anthropoid\"\". Lloyd was born in London, the son of Marion Evelyn (née Dickens), a children's publisher, and Jonathan Lloyd, who heads a literary agency. He is", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 6 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4456025", "chunk_text": "\"Sean Bean\"\nSean Bean Shaun Mark Bean (born 17 April 1959), known professionally as Sean Bean (), is an English actor. After graduating from the Royal Academy of Dramatic Art, Bean made his professional debut in a theatre production of \"\"Romeo and Juliet\"\" in 1983. Retaining his Yorkshire accent, he first found mainstream success for his portrayal of Richard Sharpe in the ITV series \"\"Sharpe\"\". Bean subsequently gained further recognition for his performance as Ned Stark in the HBO epic fantasy series \"\"Game of Thrones\"\", and won both a BAFTA and an International Emmy, both for Best Actor. He has also been", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 7 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20464114", "chunk_text": "\"Iain Glen\"\nTheatre, Coventry, and former artistic director of the Dundee Repertory Theatre. He was married to Susannah Harker from 1993 to 2004; they have one son. His current partner is actress Charlotte Emmerson, and they have two daughters. Iain Glen Iain Glen (born 24 June 1961) is a Scottish film, television, and stage actor. Glen is known for his roles as Dr. Alexander Isaacs / Tyrant in the \"\"Resident Evil\"\" film series and as Ser Jorah Mormont in the HBO fantasy television series \"\"Game of Thrones\"\". Other notable roles include John Hanning Speke in \"\"Mountains of the Moon\"\", Sir Richard Carlisle", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 8 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14612923", "chunk_text": "\"Tobias Menzies\"\nTobias Menzies Hanan Tobias Simpson Menzies (born 7 March, 1974) is an English stage, television and film actor. While working in theatre, he starred in television shows such as \"\"Rome\"\" (2005–2007) where he played Brutus and \"\"Game of Thrones\"\" (2013–2016) where he played Edmure Tully. He is probably best known for his dual role as Frank Randall and Jonathan \"\"Black Jack\"\" Randall in \"\"Outlander\"\" (2014–2018), for which he received a Golden Globe Award nomination. His film work includes \"\"Casino Royale\"\" and \"\"\"\". Menzies will portray Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh in the third and fourth seasons of the original Netflix", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 9 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7182762", "chunk_text": "\"John Heffernan (actor)\"\nJohn Heffernan (actor) John Heffernan is a British theatre and screen actor. He has worked with the English Touring Theatre, the Royal Shakespeare Company, and the National Theatre, taking the lead roles in \"\"Edward II\"\" at the National Theatre, and \"\"Oppenheimer\"\" with the RSC. He has appeared on screen in a number of roles, including Henry Lascelles in the BBC adaptation of Susanna Clarke's novel, \"\"Jonathan Strange & Mr Norrell\"\", Jaggers in \"\"Dickensian\"\" and Steven Rose in the fourth series of \"\"Luther\"\". In 2017, he played John Grigg, 2nd Baron Altrincham in an episode of the Netflix series \"\"The Crown\"\".", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 10 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10460993", "chunk_text": "\"Kit Harington\"\nKit Harington Christopher Catesby Harington (born 26 December 1986) is a British actor and producer. Born in Acton, Greater London, Harington graduated from the Royal Central School of Speech & Drama in 2008. While still at drama school, he landed the leading role of Albert, making his professional acting debut in the National Theatre and West End critically acclaimed adaptation of the play \"\"War Horse\"\". In 2011, Harington rose to prominence for his breakthrough role as Jon Snow in the HBO television series \"\"Game of Thrones\"\", which brought him international recognition. He has been nominated for a Primetime Emmy Award", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 11 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13657781", "chunk_text": "\"Mark Addy\"\nMark Addy Mark Ian Addy (born 14 January 1964) is an English actor. He is known for varied roles in British television, including Detective Constable Gary Boyle in the sitcom \"\"The Thin Blue Line\"\" (1995–1996) and Hercules in the fantasy drama series \"\"Atlantis\"\" (2013–2015). He made his film debut as Dave Horsefall in \"\"The Full Monty\"\" (1997), earning a nomination for the BAFTA Award for Best Actor in a Supporting Role. Other notable roles include Fred Flintstone in \"\"The Flintstones in Viva Rock Vegas\"\" (2000), Bill Miller in the CBS sitcom \"\"Still Standing\"\" (2002–2006) and King Robert Baratheon in the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 12 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1822079", "chunk_text": "\"Jason Momoa\"\nJason Momoa Joseph Jason Namakaeha Momoa (born August 1, 1979) is an American actor, writer, film producer, director and model. He is known for portraying Aquaman in the DC Extended Universe, beginning with the 2016 superhero film \"\"\"\", the 2017 ensemble \"\"Justice League\"\", and the 2018 solo film \"\"Aquaman\"\".. He is also known for his television roles as Ronon Dex on the military science fiction television series \"\"Stargate Atlantis\"\" (2004–2009), Khal Drogo in the HBO fantasy television series \"\"Game of Thrones\"\" (2011–2012) and as Declan Harp in the Netflix series \"\"Frontier\"\" (2016–present). Momoa portrayed the title character in the sword", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 13 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8439783", "chunk_text": "\"Joffrey Baratheon\"\n\"\"Rolling Stone\"\" ranked the character #4 in their list of the \"\"40 Greatest TV Villains of All Time\"\". Author Martin described Joffrey as similar to \"\"five or six people that I went to school with ... a classic bully ... incredibly spoiled\"\". Joffrey Baratheon Joffrey Baratheon is a fictional character in the \"\"A Song of Ice and Fire\"\" series of epic fantasy novels by American author George R. R. Martin, and its television adaptation \"\"Game of Thrones\"\". Introduced in 1996's \"\"A Game of Thrones\"\", Joffrey is the eldest son of Cersei Lannister from the kingdom of Westeros. He subsequently appeared", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 14 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6075589", "chunk_text": "\"Tobias Menzies\"\n2018 it was announced that Menzies was cast to play Prince Philip in seasons 3 and 4 of \"\"The Crown\"\" TV series, opposite Olivia Colman as Queen Elizabeth II. Tobias Menzies Hanan Tobias Simpson Menzies (born 7 March, 1974) is an English stage, television and film actor. While working in theatre, he starred in television shows such as \"\"Rome\"\" (2005–2007) where he played Brutus and \"\"Game of Thrones\"\" (2013–2016) where he played Edmure Tully. He is probably best known for his dual role as Frank Randall and Jonathan \"\"Black Jack\"\" Randall in \"\"Outlander\"\" (2014–2018), for which he received a Golden", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 15 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9041905", "chunk_text": "\"Jamie Parker\"\nJamie Parker Jamie Parker (born 14 August 1979) is an English actor and singer, best known for his role as Harry Potter in the original cast for the West End play \"\"Harry Potter and the Cursed Child\"\", for which he received an Olivier Award for Best Actor. He also received a Tony Award nomination for Best Actor in a Play as a member of the original Broadway version. Other theater credits include King Henry in the 2012 Globe production of Shakespeare's \"\"Henry V\"\", with notable film roles being Donald Scripps in \"\"The History Boys\"\" (2006), adapted by Alan Bennett from", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 16 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9382111", "chunk_text": "\"Charles Dance\"\nCharles Dance Walter Charles Dance, (born 10 October 1946) is an English actor, screenwriter, and film director. Some of his most high-profile roles are Tywin Lannister in HBO's \"\"Game of Thrones\"\" (2011–2015), Guy Perron in \"\"The Jewel in the Crown\"\" (1984), Sardo Numspa in \"\"The Golden Child\"\" (1986), Jonathan Clemens in \"\"Alien 3\"\" (1992), Benedict in \"\"Last Action Hero\"\" (1993), the Master Vampire in \"\"Dracula Untold\"\" (2014), Lord Havelock Vetinari in \"\"Terry Pratchett's Going Postal\"\" (2010), Alastair Denniston in \"\"The Imitation Game\"\" (2014), and Emperor Emhyr var Emreis in \"\"\"\" (2015). Charles Dance was born in Rednal, West Midlands, the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 17 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15602532", "chunk_text": "\"Joffrey Baratheon\"\nwitnessed and interpreted through the eyes of other people, such as his uncle Tyrion Lannister and his one-time fiancée Sansa Stark. Joffrey is mostly a background character in the novels. He inherits his mother's traditional Lannister looks, and has blond hair and green eyes, and is believed by many to be very handsome. In public, Joffrey is allegedly the oldest son and heir of King Robert Baratheon and Queen Cersei Lannister, both of whom entered into a political marriage alliance after Robert took the throne by force from the 'Mad King' Aerys II Targaryen. In reality, his biological father is", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 18 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9382120", "chunk_text": "\"Charles Dance\"\nBritish Empire (OBE) on 17 June 2006. Charles Dance Walter Charles Dance, (born 10 October 1946) is an English actor, screenwriter, and film director. Some of his most high-profile roles are Tywin Lannister in HBO's \"\"Game of Thrones\"\" (2011–2015), Guy Perron in \"\"The Jewel in the Crown\"\" (1984), Sardo Numspa in \"\"The Golden Child\"\" (1986), Jonathan Clemens in \"\"Alien 3\"\" (1992), Benedict in \"\"Last Action Hero\"\" (1993), the Master Vampire in \"\"Dracula Untold\"\" (2014), Lord Havelock Vetinari in \"\"Terry Pratchett's Going Postal\"\" (2010), Alastair Denniston in \"\"The Imitation Game\"\" (2014), and Emperor Emhyr var Emreis in \"\"\"\" (2015). Charles Dance", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 19 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4227564", "chunk_text": "\"Henry Cavill\"\nHenry Cavill Henry William Dalgliesh Cavill (; born 5 May 1983) is a British actor. He began his career with roles in the feature adaptations of \"\"The Count of Monte Cristo\"\" (2002) and \"\"I Capture the Castle\"\" (2003). He later appeared in supporting roles in several television series, including BBC's \"\"The Inspector Lynley Mysteries\"\", ITV's \"\"Midsomer Murders\"\", and Showtime's \"\"The Tudors\"\". He has since appeared in numerous major Hollywood films, such as \"\"Tristan & Isolde\"\" (2006), \"\"Stardust\"\" (2007), \"\"Blood Creek\"\" (2009), and \"\"Immortals\"\" (2011). Cavill gained prominence and international fame for portraying Superman in the DC Extended Universe, starring in", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 20 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9967408", "chunk_text": "\"David Thewlis\"\nDavid Thewlis David Wheeler (born 20 March 1963), better known as David Thewlis, is an English actor, director, screenwriter, and author. He first rose to prominence for playing Johnny Fletcher in the film \"\"Naked\"\" (1993), for which he won the Cannes Film Festival Award for Best Actor. His most commercially successful roles to date have been of Remus Lupin in the \"\"Harry Potter\"\" film series and Sir Patrick Morgan/Ares in \"\"Wonder Woman\"\" (2017). Other notable film appearances include \"\"Dragonheart\"\" (1996), \"\"Seven Years in Tibet\"\" (1997), \"\"Kingdom of Heaven\"\" (2005), \"\"The Boy in the Striped Pyjamas\"\" (2008), \"\"War Horse\"\" (2011), \"\"The", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 21 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9894461", "chunk_text": "\"Jonathan Rhys Meyers\"\nJonathan Rhys Meyers Jonathan Rhys Meyers (born Jonathan Michael Francis O'Keeffe; 27 July 1977) is an Irish actor. He is known for his roles in the films \"\"Velvet Goldmine\"\" (1998), \"\"Bend It Like Beckham\"\" (2002), \"\"Match Point\"\" (2005), \"\"\"\" (2006) and his television roles as Elvis Presley in the biographical miniseries \"\"Elvis\"\" (2005), which earned him a Golden Globe Award for Best Actor – Miniseries or Television Film, and as King Henry VIII in the historical drama \"\"The Tudors\"\" (2007–10). He has been the face model for several Hugo Boss fragrances advertising campaigns. In 2013, Meyers appeared as the villain", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 22 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15335619", "chunk_text": "\"Harry Lloyd\"\nopposite Glenn Close and Jonathan Pryce (the latter playing the older Joe). Harry Lloyd Harry Charles Salusbury Lloyd (born 17 November 1983) is an English actor. He is known for his roles as Will Scarlet in the 2006 BBC drama \"\"Robin Hood\"\", Jeremy Baines in the 2007 \"\"Doctor Who\"\" episodes \"\"Human Nature\"\" and \"\"The Family of Blood\"\", and Viserys Targaryen in the first season of the HBO series \"\"Game of Thrones\"\". He has also appeared on stage, and in films including \"\"The Theory of Everything\"\" and \"\"Anthropoid\"\". Lloyd was born in London, the son of Marion Evelyn (née Dickens), a", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 23 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9561662", "chunk_text": "\"Tony Guilfoyle\"\nOutskirts) For cinema he played the lead Rory in The Return for Film On Four. For TV as mentioned \"\"Father Ted\"\" playing the accident prone Father Larry Duff, \"\"Rome\"\" for HBO playing the Egyptian eunuch, and pharaoh's aide, Pothinus. Other recent TV includes The Musketeers, Merlin, The Virgin Queen, Fanny Hill, Bleak House, and The Murder Of Stephen Lawrence. In 2016, he appeared in the Netflix series \"\"The Crown\"\". Tony Guilfoyle Tony Guilfoyle (born March 30, 1960) is an English actor. He was born in Washford, Somerset, England, of Irish parents Mary Josephine Guilfoyle (née Cullinan) and James (Jimmy) Guilfoyle.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 24 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12940773", "chunk_text": "\"Stephen Dillane\"\nStephen Dillane Stephen John Dillane (born 27 March 1957) is an English actor. He is best known for his roles as Leonard Woolf in the 2002 film \"\"The Hours\"\", Stannis Baratheon in \"\"Game of Thrones\"\", and American politician Thomas Jefferson in the 2008 HBO miniseries \"\"John Adams\"\", a part which earned him a Primetime Emmy nomination. An experienced stage actor who has been called an \"\"actor's actor\"\", Dillane won a Tony Award for his lead performance in Tom Stoppard's play \"\"The Real Thing\"\" (2000) and gave critically acclaimed performances in \"\"Angels in America\"\" (1993), \"\"Hamlet\"\" (1994), and a one-man \"\"Macbeth\"\"", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 25 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13569860", "chunk_text": "\"Joe Dempsie\"\nin which they grew up together. In 2010, he voiced Steven, a gay teenager from Nottinghamshire in the Radio 4 play \"\"Once Upon a Time\"\". He plays the character of Gendry in HBO's series \"\"Game of Thrones\"\" based on George R. R. Martin's \"\"A Song of Ice and Fire\"\" novels. As of 2017, he has appeared in the first three and seventh of its seven seasons. He also appeared in the Channel 4 mini-series \"\"This Is England '86\"\", as well as the follow-ups \"\"This Is England '88\"\" and \"\"This Is England '90\"\". He has also appeared in \"\"Harry & Paul\"\"", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 26 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20789063", "chunk_text": "\"Tom Felton\"\nTom Felton Thomas Andrew Felton (born 22 September 1987) is an English actor and musician. Felton began appearing in commercials when he was eight years old for companies such as Commercial Union and Barclaycard. He made his screen debut in the role of Peagreen Clock in \"\"The Borrowers\"\" (1997) and he portrayed Louis T. Leonowens in \"\"Anna and the King\"\" (1999). He rose to prominence for his role as Draco Malfoy in the film adaptions of the best-selling \"\"Harry Potter\"\" fantasy novels by J.K. Rowling. His performances in \"\"Harry Potter and the Half-Blood Prince\"\" and \"\"Harry Potter and the Deathly", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 27 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9041912", "chunk_text": "\"Jamie Parker\"\nin March 2014. He married actress Deborah Crowe, in 2007, with whom he has a son, William. Jamie Parker Jamie Parker (born 14 August 1979) is an English actor and singer, best known for his role as Harry Potter in the original cast for the West End play \"\"Harry Potter and the Cursed Child\"\", for which he received an Olivier Award for Best Actor. He also received a Tony Award nomination for Best Actor in a Play as a member of the original Broadway version. Other theater credits include King Henry in the 2012 Globe production of Shakespeare's \"\"Henry V\"\",", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 28 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5871749", "chunk_text": "\"Jamie Campbell Bower\"\nJamie Campbell Bower James Metcalfe Campbell Bower (born 22 November 1988) is an English actor, singer, and model. He is best known for his roles as Anthony Hope in \"\"\"\", Caius in \"\"The Twilight Saga\"\", King Arthur in the Starz series \"\"Camelot\"\", the young Gellert Grindelwald in \"\"Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows – Part 1\"\" and \"\"\"\", Jace Wayland in \"\"\"\" and playwright Kit Marlowe in the short-lived series \"\"Will\"\". Bower is also the lead vocalist, guitarist and founding member of Counterfeit, a band formed in 2015 in London. Bower was born in London. His mother, Anne Elizabeth (née", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 29 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7227277", "chunk_text": "\"Joseph Mawle\"\nJoseph Mawle Joseph Daniel Turner Mawle (born 21 March 1974) is an English actor. Mawle is best known for his roles as Benjen Stark in \"\"Game of Thrones\"\", Detective Inspector Jedediah Shine in \"\"Ripper Street\"\", Firebrace in \"\"Birdsong\"\", Jesus Christ in \"\"The Passion\"\" and Odysseus in \"\"\"\". Mawle was born in Oxford. He grew up in a Victorian manor house on a farm outside Shipston-on-Stour, Warwickshire. He is one of three children from a family with a history of nine generations of farming in Warwickshire. His mother was a teacher. His father Richard still farms the land. He attended the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 30 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5192070", "chunk_text": "\"Ben Lamb (actor)\"\nBen Lamb (actor) Ben Lamb (born 24 January 1989) is an English actor, best known for his portrayal of Anthony Rivers in \"\"The White Queen\"\", Owen Case in \"\"Now You See Me 2\"\", and King Richard in \"\"A Christmas Prince\"\" and . Born in Exeter, Devon, Lamb was educated at Dragon School, Oxford, and Eton College in Berkshire, where he was a music scholar. Lamb started his professional career in opera before joining the National Youth Theatre and performed in \"\"20 Cigarettes.\"\" In 2013 he starred as Anthony in \"\"The White Queen\"\" and, in 2014, as Edward in \"\"Divergent\"\". Alongside", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 31 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9967418", "chunk_text": "\"David Thewlis\"\nup to me and say, 'You were great in \"\"Notting Hill\"\".' The public seem to think we are the same person.\"\" David Thewlis David Wheeler (born 20 March 1963), better known as David Thewlis, is an English actor, director, screenwriter, and author. He first rose to prominence for playing Johnny Fletcher in the film \"\"Naked\"\" (1993), for which he won the Cannes Film Festival Award for Best Actor. His most commercially successful roles to date have been of Remus Lupin in the \"\"Harry Potter\"\" film series and Sir Patrick Morgan/Ares in \"\"Wonder Woman\"\" (2017). Other notable film appearances include \"\"Dragonheart\"\"", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 32 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16874794", "chunk_text": "\"Ciarán Hinds\"\nCiarán Hinds Ciarán Hinds (; born 9 February 1953) is an Irish actor. A versatile character actor, he has featured in films such as \"\"Road to Perdition\"\", \"\"Munich\"\", \"\"There Will Be Blood\"\", \"\"Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows – Part 2\"\", \"\"Tinker Tailor Soldier Spy\"\", \"\"Frozen\"\", \"\"Silence\"\", \"\"Red Sparrow\"\", and \"\"Justice League\"\", in which he portrayed the main antagonist Steppenwolf. His television roles include Gaius Julius Caesar in the series \"\"Rome\"\", DCI James Langton in \"\"Above Suspicion\"\", and Mance Rayder in \"\"Game of Thrones\"\". As a stage actor Hinds has enjoyed spells with the Royal Shakespeare Company, the Royal National", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 33 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5838217", "chunk_text": "\"Ciarán Hinds\"\nCiarán Hinds Ciarán Hinds (; born 9 February 1953) is an Irish actor. A versatile character actor, he has featured in films such as \"\"Road to Perdition\"\", \"\"Munich\"\", \"\"There Will Be Blood\"\", \"\"Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows – Part 2\"\", \"\"Tinker Tailor Soldier Spy\"\", \"\"Frozen\"\", \"\"Silence\"\", \"\"Red Sparrow\"\", and \"\"Justice League\"\", in which he portrayed the main antagonist Steppenwolf. His television roles include Gaius Julius Caesar in the series \"\"Rome\"\", DCI James Langton in \"\"Above Suspicion\"\", and Mance Rayder in \"\"Game of Thrones\"\". As a stage actor Hinds has enjoyed spells with the Royal Shakespeare Company, the Royal National", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 34 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4799018", "chunk_text": "\"Richard Harris\"\nRichard Harris Richard St. John Harris (1 October 1930 – 25 October 2002) was an Irish actor and singer. He appeared on stage and in many films, appearing as Frank Machin in \"\"This Sporting Life\"\", for which he was nominated for the Academy Award for Best Actor, King Arthur in the 1967 film \"\"Camelot\"\" and the subsequent 1981 revival of the show. He played an aristocrat captured by Native Americans in \"\"A Man Called Horse\"\" (1970), a gunfighter in Clint Eastwood's Western film \"\"Unforgiven\"\" (1992), Emperor Marcus Aurelius in \"\"Gladiator\"\" (2000), and Albus Dumbledore in the first two \"\"Harry Potter\"\"", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 35 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2492495", "chunk_text": "\"Jonathan Groff\"\nJonathan Groff Jonathan Drew Groff (born March 26, 1985) is an American actor and singer. Groff rose to prominence in 2006 for his performance in the lead role of Melchior Gabor in the original Broadway production of \"\"Spring Awakening\"\", for which he was nominated for the Tony Award for Best Actor in a Musical. He returned to Broadway in 2015 to play the role of King George III in \"\"Hamilton\"\", a performance for which he earned a nomination for the Tony Award for Best Featured Actor in a Musical. He also appeared on the cast recording, which won the Grammy", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 36 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16108478", "chunk_text": "\"Jonathan Rhys Meyers\"\n2017 that she had miscarried a second child. On 9 September 2017, an intoxicated Rhys Meyers was ejected from Dublin airport. Jonathan Rhys Meyers Jonathan Rhys Meyers (born Jonathan Michael Francis O'Keeffe; 27 July 1977) is an Irish actor. He is known for his roles in the films \"\"Velvet Goldmine\"\" (1998), \"\"Bend It Like Beckham\"\" (2002), \"\"Match Point\"\" (2005), \"\"\"\" (2006) and his television roles as Elvis Presley in the biographical miniseries \"\"Elvis\"\" (2005), which earned him a Golden Globe Award for Best Actor – Miniseries or Television Film, and as King Henry VIII in the historical drama \"\"The Tudors\"\"", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 37 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5086294", "chunk_text": "\"George Sanders\"\nGeorge Sanders George Henry Sanders (3 July 1906 – 25 April 1972) was a British film and television actor, singer-songwriter, music composer, and author. His career as an actor spanned over forty years. His upper-class English accent and bass voice often led him to be cast as sophisticated but villainous characters. He is perhaps best known as Jack Favell in \"\"Rebecca\"\" (1940), Scott ffolliott in \"\"Foreign Correspondent\"\" (1940) (a rare heroic part), Addison DeWitt in \"\"All About Eve\"\" (1950), for which he won an Academy Award, Sir Brian De Bois-Guilbert in \"\"Ivanhoe\"\" (1952), King Richard the Lionheart in \"\"King Richard", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 38 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8481254", "chunk_text": "\"Owen Teale\"\nOwen Teale Owen Teale (born 20 May 1961) is a Welsh actor best known for his role as Ser Alliser Thorne in the HBO fantasy TV series \"\"Game of Thrones\"\". Trained at the Guildford School of Acting, Teale made his television debut in \"\"The Mimosa Boys\"\" in 1984. in 1985, he appeared in the \"\"Doctor Who\"\" serial \"\"Vengeance on Varos\"\" as \"\"Maldak\"\". His film debut was in \"\"War Requiem\"\" in 1989. He later appeared in \"\"Knights of God\"\" (1989), \"\"Great Expectations\"\" (1989), and \"\"Boon\"\" (1990) before being cast as Will Scarlet in the 1991 film \"\"Robin Hood\"\". He went on", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 39 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8481258", "chunk_text": "\"Owen Teale\"\nOwen Teale Owen Teale (born 20 May 1961) is a Welsh actor best known for his role as Ser Alliser Thorne in the HBO fantasy TV series \"\"Game of Thrones\"\". Trained at the Guildford School of Acting, Teale made his television debut in \"\"The Mimosa Boys\"\" in 1984. in 1985, he appeared in the \"\"Doctor Who\"\" serial \"\"Vengeance on Varos\"\" as \"\"Maldak\"\". His film debut was in \"\"War Requiem\"\" in 1989. He later appeared in \"\"Knights of God\"\" (1989), \"\"Great Expectations\"\" (1989), and \"\"Boon\"\" (1990) before being cast as Will Scarlet in the 1991 film \"\"Robin Hood\"\". He went on", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 40 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16558162", "chunk_text": "\"Sean Bean\"\nI'm a double doctor. But this was wonderful, especially from my home city.\"\" Sean Bean Shaun Mark Bean (born 17 April 1959), known professionally as Sean Bean (), is an English actor. After graduating from the Royal Academy of Dramatic Art, Bean made his professional debut in a theatre production of \"\"Romeo and Juliet\"\" in 1983. Retaining his Yorkshire accent, he first found mainstream success for his portrayal of Richard Sharpe in the ITV series \"\"Sharpe\"\". Bean subsequently gained further recognition for his performance as Ned Stark in the HBO epic fantasy series \"\"Game of Thrones\"\", and won both a", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 41 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20789074", "chunk_text": "\"Tom Felton\"\nages 11 to 18. Tom Felton Thomas Andrew Felton (born 22 September 1987) is an English actor and musician. Felton began appearing in commercials when he was eight years old for companies such as Commercial Union and Barclaycard. He made his screen debut in the role of Peagreen Clock in \"\"The Borrowers\"\" (1997) and he portrayed Louis T. Leonowens in \"\"Anna and the King\"\" (1999). He rose to prominence for his role as Draco Malfoy in the film adaptions of the best-selling \"\"Harry Potter\"\" fantasy novels by J.K. Rowling. His performances in \"\"Harry Potter and the Half-Blood Prince\"\" and \"\"Harry", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 42 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17940255", "chunk_text": "\"Roger Ashton-Griffiths\"\nRoger Ashton-Griffiths Roger Ashton-Griffiths (born 19 January 1957) is an English character actor, screenwriter and film director. He is best known for his role as Mace Tyrell in HBO series \"\"Game of Thrones\"\". Born in Hertfordshire, Ashton-Griffiths studied at Lancaster University (1975-78), where he was a member of Furness College, and graduated with a BMus. He began his career as a singer with English National Opera at the London Coliseum between 1979 and 1981. He has appeared in numerous high-profile films, including Terry Gilliam's \"\"Brazil\"\" (1985) and \"\"The Brothers Grimm\"\" (2005), \"\"Dreamchild\"\" (1985), \"\"Young Sherlock Holmes\"\" (1985), Gene Wilder's \"\"Haunted", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 43 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17856870", "chunk_text": "\"Eddie Eyre\"\nin the \"\"Mansfield Park\"\" stage adaptation by Tim Luscombe, produced by the Theatre Royal, Bury St Edmunds, and the lead role Detective Sergeant Trotter in the West End production of the world's longest running play \"\"The Mousetrap\"\". He played Gerold Hightower in the sixth season of the HBO series \"\"Game of Thrones\"\". Eyre joined the cast of BBC soap opera \"\"EastEnders\"\" as Josh Hemmings, a love interest for Lauren Branning (Jacqueline Jossa), in 2017. He finished filming on the show in February 2018. Eddie Eyre Eddie Eyre (born Eddie Wilson on 24 July 1988) is a British actor who is", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 44 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5192071", "chunk_text": "\"Ben Lamb (actor)\"\nhis film career, he has performed in theatre, playing Lorenzo in \"\"The Merchant of Venice\"\" at Shakespeare's Globe, alongside Jonathan Pryce, and Malcolm in the Young Vic's \"\"Macbeth\"\". In 2017, he was cast as the title role in Netflix's \"\"A Christmas Prince\"\" and in the upcoming \"\"Swords & Sceptres\"\". Ben Lamb (actor) Ben Lamb (born 24 January 1989) is an English actor, best known for his portrayal of Anthony Rivers in \"\"The White Queen\"\", Owen Case in \"\"Now You See Me 2\"\", and King Richard in \"\"A Christmas Prince\"\" and . Born in Exeter, Devon, Lamb was educated at Dragon", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 45 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18743725", "chunk_text": "\"Jeremy Strong (actor)\"\nJeremy Strong (actor) Jeremy Strong (born December 25, 1978) is an American film, television, and stage actor. He has appeared in many films that are based on true stories, including \"\"Zero Dark Thirty\"\", \"\"Lincoln\"\" (as John George Nicolay), \"\"Parkland\"\" (as Lee Harvey Oswald), \"\"Selma\"\" (as James Reeb), \"\"Black Mass\"\", and \"\"The Big Short\"\". Strong was born on December 25, 1978 in Boston. Strong attended public schools in Boston and Sudbury. Strong graduated from Yale University, where he starred in a number of plays. He also studied at the Royal Academy of Dramatic Art, and the Steppenwolf Theatre Company in Chicago.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 46 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15454574", "chunk_text": "\"Jack Gleeson\"\ndiscovery\"\". Gleeson starred as Joffrey Baratheon in the HBO series \"\"Game of Thrones\"\". He cites Joaquin Phoenix's portrayal of Commodus in \"\"Gladiator\"\" as an influence on his performance. He is a founder and artistic director of Collapsing Horse Theatre Company, which is based in Dublin. In 2012, Gleeson indicated an intention to retire from acting to pursue an academic career once his work on \"\"Game of Thrones\"\" was finished. In 2014, Gleeson confirmed he would be permanently retiring from acting after concluding his work in \"\"Game of Thrones\"\". In the same interview, he stated that while he had previously been", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 47 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17451362", "chunk_text": "\"Joseph Fiennes\"\nJoseph Fiennes Joseph Alberic Twisleton-Wykeham-Fiennes (; born 27 May 1970) is an English film and stage actor. He is known for his portrayals of William Shakespeare in \"\"Shakespeare in Love\"\" (1998), for which he was nominated for the BAFTA Award for Best Actor in a Leading Role and the Screen Actors Guild Award for Outstanding Performance by a Male Actor in a Leading Role, Sir Robert Dudley in \"\"Elizabeth\"\" (1998), Commisar Danilov in \"\"Enemy at the Gates\"\" (2001), and Monsignor Timothy Howard in the of the TV series \"\"American Horror Story\"\" (2012–2013). His role in the 2017 TV drama series", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 48 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4058242", "chunk_text": "\"Eugene Simon\"\nLancel Lannister in \"\"Game of Thrones\"\". Eugene Simon Eugene Michael Simon (born 11 June 1992) is an English film and television actor. He is best known for his roles as Jerome Clarke in the Nickelodeon's mystery television series \"\"House of Anubis\"\", and as Lancel Lannister in the HBO's fantasy drama television series \"\"Game of Thrones\"\". The youngest son born to Anton (d. 2017) and Teresa (née Stopford) Simon, he has one brother, Charles Stephen Simon (born 1987). He also has a younger sister called Fleur. Eugene Simon attended St Philip's Catholic School (London) Simon's most notable roles are Jerome Clarke", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 49 } ]
test_3551	where did they film the royal tv series?	n/a	[ "City of Bradford", "the North Riding of Yorkshire", "Scarborough", "Whitby" ]	[]	n/a	n/a	n/a	[]	[ { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1126191", "chunk_text": "\"The Royals (TV series)\"\nAugust 16, 2018, it was announced that E! had canceled the series after four seasons. Additionally, it was reported that Lionsgate Television was shopping the series to other networks with discussions already underway for a pick-up by sister network Pop. However on September 24, 2018, it was announced that Lionsgate Television had failed to find a new home for the series and that it was now considered officially ended. The production uses Blenheim Palace as its fictional royal palace. In season two, the production also filmed at Allington Castle and Boughton Monchelsea Place in Kent. In September 2013, Hurley was", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 0 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11281050", "chunk_text": "\"Reign (TV series)\"\nof the filming for the first season took place in Toronto and the Republic of Ireland. The third and fourth seasons were also largely filmed in Toronto. Rockwood Conservation Area near Guelph, Ontario and Parkwood Estate in Oshawa, Ontario have also been used to mimic 16th-century Scotland for the show's production. Most of the other interior scenes, including bedchambers, the Great Hall, and the Throne Room, were filmed in vast sets primarily at Cinespace Film Studios' Kipling Avenue facility. The show's pilot was distributed on May 20, 2013, to advertisers and critics for promotion and to generate hype. The pilot", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 1 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20972859", "chunk_text": "\"The Crown (TV series)\"\nRoyal Naval College, Goldsmiths' Hall, Shoreham Airport, New Slains Castle, Balmoral Castle, Cruden Bay, Lyceum Theatre, Loseley Park, Hatfield House, The Historic Dockyard Chatham, Southwark Cathedral, Ardverikie House, Englefield House, and the Glenfeshie Estate. Filming on the second season began in early October 2016. Each episode of the first two seasons would shoot for about 22 days, with each costing about () to produce. The third season began filming in July 2018, and will shoot back-to-back with the fourth season. The show has been interpreted as perpetuating the idea that the Queen and Prime Minister Churchill had forced Princess Margaret", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 2 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13458200", "chunk_text": "\"The Royals (TV series)\"\ncost. In April 2013, E! announced several scripted projects it had in development, including \"\"The Royals\"\", a \"\"contemporary family ensemble is steeped in all of the regal opulence of the British Monarchy and framed by Shakespeare's \"\"Hamlet\"\".\"\" \"\"Deadline Hollywood\"\" reported in June 2013 that E! would be producing pilots for \"\"The Royals\"\" and another series named \"\"Songbyrd\"\", which would be the network's first scripted pilots to date. \"\"The Royals\"\" was picked up for series in March 2014, to be shot in the United Kingdom and scheduled to debut in 2015. Shooting for the first season began in London in June", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 3 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20972858", "chunk_text": "\"The Crown (TV series)\"\nHelena Bonham Carter and Ben Daniels taking up the main roles. An estimated 25% of the first season was filmed at Elstree Studios in Borehamwood, Hertfordshire, with the remainder filmed on location, altogether taking 152 days. Sets for private quarters, the interior of a private jet, the cabinet room, and the exterior of 10 Downing Street, were built at Elstree Studios, while Lancaster House, Wrotham Park and Wilton House were used to double as Buckingham Palace. Ely Cathedral stood in for Westminster Abbey, while locations in South Africa doubled as Kenya. Additional locations in the UK included Eltham Palace, the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 4 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14545561", "chunk_text": "\"The Royal\"\nThe Royal The Royal is a British period medical drama produced by ITV and aired normally on Sundays in the early evening slot; episodes after 21 June 2009, were also broadcast on ITV HD. The show consisted of eight series of one-hour episodes and was broadcast on ITV from 2003 until the show was cancelled in 2011, with repeats continuing on ITV3. The show is set in the 1960s and focuses on the fictional \"\"St Aidan's Royal Free Hospital\"\", an NHS hospital serving the fictional rural seaside town of Elsinby and its surrounding area. The show began as a spin-off", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 5 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10388002", "chunk_text": "\"The Royal Family (TV series)\"\nThe Royal Family (TV series) The Royal Family is an American sitcom that ran on CBS from September 18, 1991 until May 13, 1992. The series was created and executive produced by Eddie Murphy, as part of a development deal Murphy had with CBS, and produced by Paramount Television, the television arm of Paramount Pictures, with which Murphy had long been associated. The series starred Redd Foxx and Della Reese. Murphy had previously worked with Foxx and Reese in the 1989 film \"\"Harlem Nights\"\", which Murphy wrote and directed. The working title for the series was Chest Pains. The series", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 6 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14545562", "chunk_text": "\"The Royal\"\nof ITV's period police drama series, \"\"Heartbeat\"\", featuring characters from \"\"Heartbeat\"\" during the first three series, before becoming its own entity. The show itself was shot within Whitby, Scarborough, City of Bradford and the North Riding of Yorkshire, and stars of \"\"The Royal\"\" included Ian Carmichael, Wendy Craig, Robert Daws, and Amy Robbins. The show itself generated its own spin-off, entitled \"\"The Royal Today\"\", which used the same settings but in the present day. The setting of \"\"The Royal\"\" was first introduced as part of the story for the 14th episode of the 12th series of \"\"Heartbeat\"\" entitled 'Out of", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 7 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18950954", "chunk_text": "\"The Royal World\"\nThe Royal World The Royal World is a reality television series set to air on MTV International which debuted in November 2018. The show was announced in July 2018 as a six-episode, hour-long program produced by Initial, part of the Endemol Shine Group. The executive producers are Orr Barker and Iestyn Barker of MTV, and Andrew Jackman of Initial. The show was filmed in the United Kingdom and features its cast members living together \"\"for one summer in the English countryside\"\". \"\"The Royal World\"\" is hosted by Archie Manners, a professional magician. It features a cast of ten men and", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 8 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2367128", "chunk_text": "\"The Royal\"\nfictional hospital used the Red Court building on Holbeck Road, within Scarborough's South Cliff, and included the nearby park area and Holbeck Clock Tower; scenes were shot during the summer months. The remaining scenes outside the hospital covered the area of the North Riding of Yorkshire, including Whitby and Scarborough. Below is the list of ratings of The Royal, giving an overall result for each series. In 2007, ITV commissioned a daytime spin-off of \"\"The Royal\"\", entitled \"\"The Royal Today\"\". The spin-off focused on the same settings of the main show, but set in the present day with a new", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 9 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18950955", "chunk_text": "\"The Royal World\"\nwomen who claim to be members of royal or noble families, or somehow acquainted with members of royal or noble families. The Royal World The Royal World is a reality television series set to air on MTV International which debuted in November 2018. The show was announced in July 2018 as a six-episode, hour-long program produced by Initial, part of the Endemol Shine Group. The executive producers are Orr Barker and Iestyn Barker of MTV, and Andrew Jackman of Initial. The show was filmed in the United Kingdom and features its cast members living together \"\"for one summer in the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 10 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13458201", "chunk_text": "\"The Royals (TV series)\"\n2014. In August 2014, E! released its first promotional trailer for \"\"The Royals\"\". The first season consisted of ten episodes. In December 2014, E! announced that the series would premiere on March 15, 2015. The network later announced at the Television Critics Association press tour on January 15, 2015, that the series had been renewed for a second season, two months before its debut. E!'s Executive Vice President of Original Programming & Development Jeff Olde noted that production for season two would begin in London in spring 2015. Shooting officially resumed on June 15, 2015, with season two premiering on", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 11 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12038663", "chunk_text": "\"The Royal Train\"\nwere filmed at Weybourne railway station. At the time of filming, both the railway and the station were undergoing restoration, preparatory to the reinstating of passenger services. The clip of the royal train used stock footage featuring a LNER Class A4 on a section of the East Coast Main Line near Burnmouth in the Scottish Borders. Cliff Cottage, which is located on the coastal road which leads to Burnmouth Harbour, may be viewed in the background. The locomotive used for the local train was Kitson 0-6-0 saddle tank \"\"Colwyn\"\", formerly of Stewarts & Lloyds in Corby. The locomotive is currently", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 12 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13252888", "chunk_text": "\"Elizabeth I (2005 miniseries)\"\nbecause the feeling was that it was only worth doing if she would play it.\"\" Hooper and Mirren had previously worked together on the police procedural drama \"\"Prime Suspect 6\"\" (2003). The project on Elizabeth I was originally going to be two hours and focus on her relationship with the Earl of Essex, but Mirren \"\"felt that there should be more politics\"\" according to writer Nigel Williams. The series was filmed in Vilnius, Lithuania, where the massive sets were constructed inside a sports arena that was abandoned in the 1970s. The Whitehall Palace set was constructed to scale from original", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 13 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18549266", "chunk_text": "\"The Royal Today\"\nITV network airing from 4 pm-4.30 pm. Although there were a number of running storylines, the series generally eschewed the use of cliffhangers. The series was axed in March 2008 after poor ratings, on an average of 1.175 million viewers. There are two separate blocks at St. Luke's in Bradford used for shooting \"\"The Royal\"\" and \"\"The Royal Today\"\". One of the previously unused blocks has undergone a makeover to transform it into a modern hospital, this also includes a bar area (seen in episode one) having been built. Exterior shots are filmed around North Yorkshire, particularly Scarborough. The last", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 14 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17082838", "chunk_text": "\"Kingdom (UK TV series)\"\nwere filmed on Holkham beach featuring the Blues and Royals of the Household Cavalry, who have been based in nearby Watton. During September, scenes set in Stockport, Greater Manchester were filmed in King's Lynn and Halifax. Shooting concluded at the end of the month. Edward Hall returned to direct three episodes. In a preview, \"\"Radio Times\"\" described it as \"\"Sunday night television at its cosiest\"\", though called the plot of episode one \"\"feeble\"\". Comments by \"\"The Stage\"\" echoed this, calling the storyline a \"\"run of the mill affair\"\", but praised the locations and referred to the series as a whole", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 15 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12038662", "chunk_text": "\"The Royal Train\"\nothers on the little hand cart have to work hard to keep ahead of the train. The Station Master changes the points to put the cart and train into a siding, and they all tumble out just as the real Royal Train is heard approaching. They have to parade just where they are by the line, which happens to be in front of a water trough, so when the train goes past they all get soaked. Outdoor scenes featuring the train were filmed at the North Norfolk Railway, which runs between Sheringham and Holt in North Norfolk with station scenes", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 16 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18339228", "chunk_text": "\"Ruyi's Royal Love in the Palace\"\nShooting began on 23 August 2016 and took place in various locations including Hengdian World Studios, Beijing, Inner Mongolia, and Hangzhou. The series wrapped up filming on May 5, 2017. On 10 June 2016, Fox Networks Group Asia (FNG) and Turner Broadcasting System Asia has acquired global rights outside mainland China to the series. It is the first epic period drama secured by FNG for markets outside China, and it will be carried by STAR Chinese Channel (SCC), the flagship Chinese general entertainment channel, It's Starting August 20, 2018 at 9:00PM (Start Showing Delay 1 Hours) in Selection Countries. <br>From", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 17 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8982446", "chunk_text": "\"The Royal Family (TV series)\"\nscheduled to end, leaving two episodes unaired. The Royal Family (TV series) The Royal Family is an American sitcom that ran on CBS from September 18, 1991 until May 13, 1992. The series was created and executive produced by Eddie Murphy, as part of a development deal Murphy had with CBS, and produced by Paramount Television, the television arm of Paramount Pictures, with which Murphy had long been associated. The series starred Redd Foxx and Della Reese. Murphy had previously worked with Foxx and Reese in the 1989 film \"\"Harlem Nights\"\", which Murphy wrote and directed. The working title for", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 18 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "945520", "chunk_text": "\"Outlaw King\"\nwas crowned King Edward II, only to be killed by his own lords. Three hundred years later, Robert's descendant unified the crowns of England and Scotland. Principal photography began on 28 August 2017 on location in both Scotland and England. Filming took place in various locations including Linlithgow Palace & Loch, and St Michael's Parish Church, Borthwick Castle, Doune Castle, Craigmillar Castle, Dunfermline Abbey, Glasgow Cathedral, Muiravonside Country Park, Mugdock Country Park, Aviemore, Isle of Skye (Talisker Bay, Coral Beaches and Loch Dunvegan), Glen Coe, Loch Lomond, Gargunnock, University of Glasgow, Blackness Castle, Seacliff Beach and Berwick-upon-Tweed and Tweedmouth (the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 19 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14254949", "chunk_text": "\"Outlander (TV series)\"\nfilm studio. Principal photography began on location in Scotland in September 2013. The Cumbernauld studios were used for on set filming, with location shoots taking place at Doune Castle, Stirling; mills in East Linton, East Lothian; Newtonmore in the Scottish Highlands; Rothiemurchus Forest, Aviemore; quarries near Bathgate, West Lothian and Aberfoyle, Stirling. Other locations include Loch Rannoch in the Highlands and Falkland and Culross in Fife. Filming for season two began in April 2015, to air in spring 2016. The primary setting for the season is Paris, which Moore explained is being recreated using other locations. Some interiors were filmed", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 20 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2576931", "chunk_text": "\"Lancaster House\"\nspeech\"\". Lancaster House has been extensively used as a filming location. It has stood in for Buckingham Palace at least five times in film and television: for the comedy film \"\"King Ralph\"\" (1991), the mystery adventure film \"\"\"\" (2007), the historical drama film \"\"The Young Victoria\"\" (2009), the historical drama film \"\"The King's Speech\"\" (2010), and the 2013 Christmas special for \"\"Downton Abbey\"\", when Rose is presented to the King and Queen during the London Season. Lancaster House reprised its role as Buckingham Palace for the 2016 Netflix series \"\"The Crown\"\". The interior was also used to represent the Winter", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 21 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17886487", "chunk_text": "\"The Palace\"\nin January 2007. Sets were designed by Taff Batley. Batley scouted production locations in Hungary, due to the expense a production the size of \"\"The Palace\"\" would have if filmed in the UK. A site was eventually found near the dock in Vilnius, Lithuania. Exterior sets of Buckingham Palace were scaled down from their true counterparts because of the length of time full-sized replicas would take to create; the scale sets alone took ten weeks to build. Red gravel for the palace courtyard was mimicked using clay that was bound for a new tennis court under construction nearby. Interior sets", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 22 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6826060", "chunk_text": "\"The Queen (2006 film)\"\nchanged about how the royal family should react to a new Britain, so must he as he may very well find himself in the same position of changing public opinion. The screenplay was written by Peter Morgan. It was produced by Pathé Pictures and Granada Productions (ITV Productions). Stephen Frears had a clause in his contract from \"\"The Deal\"\" that allowed him to direct any follow-ups or sequels, and he was officially announced as director in September 2003. The film was shot on location in the United Kingdom, in England in London, Halton House and Waddesdon Manor, in Buckinghamshire, Brocket", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 23 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2600723", "chunk_text": "\"A Royal Christmas\"\nto America. Sometime later, the Queen realizes all the hurt she's caused and remembers her feelings of love for Victor, whose love she rejected years earlier because he was a commoner. Looking to make up for the hurt that she caused, the Queen accompanies her son and Victor to Philadelphia and watches as Leo proposes once again—and this time Emily accepts. The movie ends with Leopold and Emily's wedding with Poppy in attendance with the Baron and Baroness of Newbury who have presumably adopted her. \"\"A Royal Christmas\"\" was filmed on location in Bucharest, Romania. \"\"A Royal Christmas\"\" first aired", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 24 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2367127", "chunk_text": "\"The Royal\"\nyears later. Set roughly twenty years after the creation of the National Health Service, a theme running through the series is the previously independent hospital's attempts at preserving its methods and standards within a National Health Service portrayed as bureaucratic and concerned more with efficiencies than patient care. Filming of the interior scenes of \"\"St. Aiden's\"\" utilised both The Leeds Studios and St. Luke's Hospital, Bradford, the latter of which was chosen because it had not been updated in many years, and retained the appearance of what a hospital would appear like in the 1960s. The exterior scenes of the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 25 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20972847", "chunk_text": "\"The Crown (TV series)\"\ntwo seasons, alongside Matt Smith as Prince Philip, and Vanessa Kirby as Princess Margaret. For the third and fourth seasons, Olivia Colman will take over as the Queen, Tobias Menzies as Prince Philip, and Helena Bonham Carter as Princess Margaret. Filming for the series takes place at Elstree Studios in Borehamwood, Hertfordshire, with location shooting throughout the United Kingdom and internationally. The first season was released on Netflix on November 4, 2016, with the second released on December 8, 2017. The series has been renewed for a third and fourth season, with the third intended to be released in 2019.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 26 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17082835", "chunk_text": "\"Kingdom (UK TV series)\"\nportrays. Location filming is primarily based in Swaffham. Filming of the first series began on 10 July 2006 and was scheduled for 12 weeks. Shooting also took place in nearby Hunstanton, Holkham, Thetford and Dereham. Beach and harbour scenes were shot at Wells, as well as the Lifeboat station being used for that of Market Shipborough. Fry recommended Swaffham to the producers, citing market towns as \"\"more revealing of what Britain is like than a city is.\"\" Locations used within Swaffham include Oakleigh House (as the offices of Kingdom and Kingdom) and the Greyhound pub (renamed \"\"The Startled Duck\"\"), among", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 27 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2367130", "chunk_text": "\"The Royal\"\nshows was simply \"\"resting\"\". No official news was given that the show was axed, but like \"\"Heartbeat\"\", the series ended with a cliffhanger surrounding one of its main characters, when the final episode was aired on 31 July 2011. The Royal The Royal is a British period medical drama produced by ITV and aired normally on Sundays in the early evening slot; episodes after 21 June 2009, were also broadcast on ITV HD. The show consisted of eight series of one-hour episodes and was broadcast on ITV from 2003 until the show was cancelled in 2011, with repeats continuing on", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 28 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9639926", "chunk_text": "\"Victoria (UK TV series)\"\nis the first time Yorkshire has needed a large scale studio space to host a major drama. Mammoth Screen spent seven months filming in Yorkshire. Much of \"\"Victoria\"\" was filmed in Yorkshire. The interiors of Castle Howard double as Kensington Palace, Harewood House stands in for Buckingham Palace, with Bramham Park and Wentworth Woodhouse also being in use for both royal residences. Carlton Towers is in use as Windsor Castle, while Beverley Minster replaces Westminster Abbey. Other locations include Raby Castle, Allerton Castle, Newby Hall and Whitby pier. Church Fenton Studios, a converted aircraft hangar at Leeds East Airport near", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 29 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2086373", "chunk_text": "\"Spitting Image\"\nget away with no health and safety, so all of the building of the puppets with all the toxic waste from the foam was just in a warehouse. There were no extractor fans; it was quite Dickensian.\"\" In later series, \"\"Spitting Image\"\" was recorded at Central's studios in Nottingham with last minute additions being recorded at the Limehouse Studios at Canary Wharf, London. Before the first episode was broadcast, the parodies of the Royal Family were cut, as a courtesy to the Duke of Edinburgh, who opened the East Midlands television centre a few days later. The scenes were however", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 30 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16113612", "chunk_text": "\"The Musketeers\"\ndevelopment had detracted from the grittier architecture wanted. Dublin was also considered before settling on the Czech Republic, which suffered little damage during the two world wars. Many historic buildings were intact and privately owned stately homes were rented for filming. Filming for the series took place mainly in Doksany, 30 kilometres north-west of Prague, where a Parisian square, a number of streets and the musketeers garrison were constructed. A disused convent had additional sets constructed including taverns, bedrooms and mortuary. During filming of the first series Peter Capaldi learned that he had been given the role of the Twelfth", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 31 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20664109", "chunk_text": "\"Royal Pains\"\na police station. For several beach scenes, West Neck Beach (Huntington) was used and a food shopping scene was filmed in Southdown Market in Huntington. Huntington Hospital is now used for Hamptons Heritage Hospital. Two episodes of the second season take place in Cuba, but were filmed in Puerto Rico. The pilot was filmed on location on Long Island, New York in the spring and fall of 2008. The pilot was directed by Jace Alexander, who also filmed the pilot of \"\"Burn Notice\"\", another USA Network show, which aired in the hour before \"\"Royal Pains\"\". Andrew Lenchewski wrote the pilot", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 32 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3857163", "chunk_text": "\"Royal Pains\"\nthe Hamptons Heritage Hospital emergency room. Catalina Beach Club in Atlantic Beach, New York was transformed for the pilot episode into the fictional Hampt Inn, the hotel Hank and Evan stayed in upon their arrival in the Hamptons. Downtown Locust Valley, another haunt of the wealthy on Long Island's Gold Coast, plays downtown East Hampton in at least one episode (where Evan and Paige go shopping), with interior shots in a store as well as street scenes. Other areas of filming include Roslyn, New York and Manhasset, New York, where the North Hempstead, New York Town Hall was used as", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 33 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2367129", "chunk_text": "\"The Royal\"\ncast of characters. The show ran for one series in 2008 between 7 January to 14 March. The show was axed due to low ratings. Speculation surrounding the future of both \"\"Heartbeat\"\" and \"\"The Royal\"\" began in 2009, when ITV announced on 4 March that a loss of £2.7 billion was forcing it to make cutbacks in employment numbers, the biggest of which were made at ITV Yorkshire Studios. Many raised concerns that the shows were to be axed, after reports were made to that effect in earlier in January, though a spokesperson stated later that the production of the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 34 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14784048", "chunk_text": "\"The Wars of the Roses (adaptation)\"\nbut not during actual performances, thus allowing cameras to get close to the actors, and cameramen with hand-held cameras to shoot battle scenes. Additionally, camera platforms were created around the theatre. In all, twelve cameras were used, allowing the final product to be edited more like a film than a piece of static filmed theatre. The TV adaptation was shot following the 1964 run of the plays at Stratford-upon-Avon, and took place over an eight-week period, with fifty-two BBC staff working alongside eighty-four RSC staff to bring the project to fruition. The English The French The House of Lancaster The", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 35 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13008493", "chunk_text": "\"Royal Journey\"\nRoyal Journey Royal Journey is a National Film Board of Canada documentary film chronicling a five-week Royal visit by the then-Princess Elizabeth and her husband, the Duke of Edinburgh, to Canada and the United States in the fall of 1951. Released in December 1951, \"\"Royal Journey\"\" is also notable for being the first commercial feature film in Eastmancolor. \"\"Royal Journey\"\" features sequences from Quebec City, the National War Memorial in Ottawa, CFB Trenton and a performance of the Royal Winnipeg Ballet, as well as sequences in Toronto, Regina, Calgary and Edmonton. \"\"Royal Journey\"\" also shows the royal couple crossing the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 36 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16925302", "chunk_text": "\"A Royal Hangover\"\ninterrupt the shooting process. The involvement of Russell Brand helped the film to become more widely noticed. Other interviewees included Government Drugs Advisor Professor David Nutt, BBC TV and Radio personality Dr Sarah Jarvis, and leading British charities Alcohol Concern, Alcohol Research and Druglink. Brand came onboard after parts of the film were shot at the rehabilitation centre Focus 12, which Brand attended. Other filming locations included London, Liverpool, Bristol, Wales, Los Angeles, Paris and Devon (where the filmmakers are from). Total development on the film lasted around one and a half years. Cauty and Levy-So themselves are non-drinkers but", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 37 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11379010", "chunk_text": "\"The Queen Victoria\"\nnight) and were shot at the BBC studios in Borehamwood. The interior scenes were shot a week after and took three days to film. Safety necessitated having the set re-created at the Elstree Film Studios stage facility that is designed and equipped to film fire scenes. EastEnders Production Manager Rona McKendrick says \"\"Potentially hazardous scenes like this always require specialist knowledge and we rely on their experience and advice to ensure that everything is achieved as safely as possible. We had a Stunt Team comprising Lee Sheward, our Stunt Co-ordinator and his team of Stunt Doubles. A Visual FX team", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 38 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10191004", "chunk_text": "\"Teacup Travels\"\neach associated museum's curator for notes and approval. Similarly, script outlines were shared with each associated museum to give the all clear that the episode represented a satisfactory representation of their piece. The TV show is a combination of full live action for the prologue and epilogue scenes in Great Aunt Lizzie's house, and live action filmed against green screen then composited with colour saturated 2d illustrated backgrounds for the story world. Filmed entirely in Scotland, the sets were created in Loretto School, Musselburgh, while outdoor scenes featuring Great Aunt Lizzie's iconic cottage were filmed at the Head Gardener's Cottage", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 39 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2484938", "chunk_text": "\"Queen of Swords (TV series)\"\nas a part with more mileage and more challenging. Director of photography Alwnyn Kumst CSC used Super 16mm film, which has a slightly smaller widescreen aspect ratio to . The series was filmed May 3, 2000 to December 12, 2000 in Spain, principally at Texas Hollywood, Almeria and the surrounding Tabernas Desert with coastal locations at San Jose near Almeria. The Alcazaba of Almeria was used as Madrid and the gardens as Don Hidalgo's hacienda garden. The Western buildings of Texas Hollywood were also used for the series, with the Western jail serving as the Spanish jail, and one of", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 40 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19990197", "chunk_text": "\"Camelot (TV series)\"\nquality programming for television.\"\" The series idea is attributed to the U.K.'s Ecosse Films, and an \"\"early incarnation\"\" was set up at Showtime in 2008, with that network announcing plans for the series in conjunction with BBC. The cast assembled at Ardmore Studios in Ireland in June–July 2010 to begin \"\"principal photography\"\" for the series, which was created as an Irish-Canadian international co-production. After the Ireland filming, post-production and visual effects took place in Toronto, Ontario, Canada. The cost was estimated at around $7 million per episode. Starz retained U.S. rights, including digital and home entertainment distribution, Take 5 Productions", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 41 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "104554", "chunk_text": "\"Cranford (TV series)\"\nsix episodes, but budget cutbacks resulted in it being trimmed to five, with filming postponed until early 2007. Although Cranford is supposedly in Cheshire, none of the exteriors was filmed there. Locations used included Surrey, Hambleden, Windsor, Radnage, Leighton Buzzard, Berkhamsted, Wycombe, Syon House in Brentford, London, and Isleworth in Middlesex, and Oxford. Interiors were filmed in Pinewood Studios. A large portion of filming was done at Lacock in Wiltshire (a location used for many films, including \"\"Pride and Prejudice\"\" and \"\"Emma\"\" for the BBC in 1995 and 1996, respectively, \"\"The Other Boleyn Girl\"\", \"\"The Wolfman\"\" and also for the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 42 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3857165", "chunk_text": "\"Royal Pains\"\nand Rich and Paul Frank executive-produced the project, with Lenchewski co-executive producing and John P. Rogers producing. The series was then picked up for a 12-episode season. On February 24, 2011, the show completed its second season. The show was renewed for a sixth season which was filmed in New York and premiered on June 10, 2014. \"\"Royal Pains\"\" has become one of the highest-rated shows on cable. The series premiere was watched by 5.57 million viewers, the highest series premiere for the USA Network since \"\"Psych\"\" in 2006. With episodes two and three watched by 5.59 million and 6.5", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 43 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19997670", "chunk_text": "\"Downton Abbey\"\nproduction had previously filmed in Kent for series 1 where the opening sequence of a train going through the countryside was filmed at the Kent & East Sussex Railway. Other filming locations for series 4 include the ballroom of The Savile Club in Mayfair, London. Scenes for the 2013 Christmas special were filmed at Royal Holloway, University of London near Egham, Surrey, West Wittering beach in West Sussex and Berkshire's Basildon Park near Streatley. Lancaster House in London stood in for Buckingham Palace. Alnwick Castle, in Northumberland, was the filming location used for Brancaster Castle in the 2014 and 2015", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 44 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "806851", "chunk_text": "\"Balmoral Castle\"\nsubstitute locations were used: Blairquhan Castle in \"\"The Queen\"\"; and Duns Castle in \"\"Mrs Brown\"\". Queen Elizabeth II's visits to Balmoral Castle were also featured in several episodes of the Netflix series \"\"The Crown\"\". Ardverikie House was used as a stand-in for the royal estate for filming purposes. Since 1987 an illustration of the castle has been featured on the reverse side of £100 notes issued by the Royal Bank of Scotland. Balmoral Castle Balmoral Castle () is a large estate house in Royal Deeside, Aberdeenshire, Scotland, near the village of Crathie, west of Ballater and east of Braemar. Balmoral", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 45 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7999266", "chunk_text": "\"The Palace\"\nwere built in an ice skating rink on the other side of the city. They used plasterboard instead of the lighter, cheaper plywood that would have been used on a British-based set. Batley referred to documentary footage to find a basis for his designs of bedrooms and other private areas of the palace that would otherwise not be available for public viewing. Locals were hired as extras to portray lords and ladies in large crowd scenes. Unaccustomed to bowing and curtseying, the extras had to be trained and some scenes reshot. The first block of four episodes was directed by", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 46 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6704807", "chunk_text": "\"The White Queen (TV series)\"\nthe series is shot in Belgium, several local actors are featured: Veerle Baetens, Jurgen Delnaet, Joren Seldeslachts, Elsa Houben, Ben Forceville and Ben Van den Heuvel all appear in the series. Rebecca Ferguson who portrays Elizabeth Woodville, the White Queen, is from Sweden (her mother is originally from England). The budget was £25 million and took 120 days to shoot, consisting of 250 sets including: dungeons, palaces, castles, 12 state banquets and at least two coronations. Two versions were made, one for the BBC and a more sexually explicit version for the U.S. A companion two-part documentary series, \"\"The Real", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 47 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6307776", "chunk_text": "\"His Royal Highness (1932 film)\"\nit. They ship him off to Betonia, which is located on the Adriatic, where he is acclaimed heir. He is placed under the control of Yioben, an elderly female charged with training him in the royal ways. Tommy eventually discovers that he is not the true heir and another member of court is. He leaves Betonia, but with enough money to buy his own pie stall. Wallace collaborated on the script with C. J. Dennis. Filming began in February 1932. It was shot at Efftee's studio at His Majesty's Theatre in Melbourne. The set of the royal palace in Betonia", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 48 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20270378", "chunk_text": "\"Kings (U.S. TV series)\"\nright to go over the show's scripts\"\", and even \"\"clean[ing] up dialogue\"\". However, show creator Michael Green denied that Liberty Mutual controlled or censored the show in any way. The series was filmed partially in New York City at the New York Public Library, the Time Warner Center, and the Apthorp building, on Broadway between 78th and 79th streets, the Brooklyn Museum, on Eastern Parkway and Washington Avenue, Union Theological Seminary on Broadway and 121st St, as well as in and around The Capitale Building in Downtown New York City on Grand Street and Elizabeth Street, and soundstages in Greenpoint,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 49 } ]
test_3552	puella magi madoka magica when does madoka become a magical girl?	n/a	[ "My Very Best Friend" ]	[]	n/a	n/a	n/a	[]	[ { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11751863", "chunk_text": "\"Puella Magi Madoka Magica\"\ntransfer student and magical girl named Homura Akemi tries to stop Madoka from making the contract with Kyubey. Madoka and Sayaka then meet Mami Tomoe, an upperclassman at the same school who is also a magical girl. Mami offers to take Madoka and Sayaka along on her witch hunts so they may learn of the responsibilities that come with being a magical girl. As Madoka contemplates accepting the contract with Kyubey, she watches a witch kill Mami and realizes the life of a magical girl is filled with danger, anguish, and suffering. This is further enforced by the appearance of", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 0 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15384528", "chunk_text": "\"Puella Magi Madoka Magica\"\nlearns Homura is a magical girl from a different timeline who has repeated the same month countless times to try to save Madoka from a grisly fate. After these revelations, Madoka decides to become a magical girl and makes a wish to stop the creation of all witches in the past, present, and future. The scope of this wish rewrites history and the laws of the universe, and her existence as a human is erased from time. She transcends into a cosmic phenomenon called \"\"The Law of Cycles\"\", which appears to all magical girls at the moment before they become", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 1 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11751864", "chunk_text": "\"Puella Magi Madoka Magica\"\nKyoko Sakura, a veteran magical girl whose wish indirectly caused the death of her family. Madoka also discovers magical girls give up their souls to form their Soul Gems, the source of their magic. When Soul Gems become too tainted with despair, magical girls change into witches. This is exemplified when Sayaka, who is disillusioned with the current state of the world, falls into an inescapable despair that turns her into a witch. It is then revealed that Kyubey's alien race is harvesting the emotions of magical girls to use as energy to counteract the spread of entropy. Madoka also", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 2 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1850155", "chunk_text": "\"Puella Magi Madoka Magica: The Movie\"\nPuella Magi Madoka Magica: The Movie In \"\"Puella Magi Madoka Magica\"\", there are certain creatures that can grant a chosen girl any wish they may desire. In exchange for that wish, however, that girl must become a magical girl who must fight against witches, creatures born from despair that are responsible for accidents, disease, and suicide. In the city of Mitakihara, a girl named Madoka Kaname is approached by a creature named Kyubey with the offer of becoming a magical girl. Meanwhile, another magical girl named Homura Akemi seeks to do everything in her power to stop Madoka from becoming", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 3 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3967783", "chunk_text": "\"Puella Magi Madoka Magica\"\nPuella Magi Madoka Magica , commonly referred to as simply Madoka Magica, is a Japanese anime television series that was produced by Shaft and Aniplex. It was directed by Akiyuki Shinbo and written by Gen Urobuchi, with original character designs by Ume Aoki, character design adaptation by Takahiro Kishida, and music by Yuki Kajiura. The story follows a group of female middle school students who choose to become magical girls and must battle surreal enemies called witches. They consequently learn of the anguish and perils associated with their new roles. The first ten episodes of the series aired in Japan", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 4 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1850163", "chunk_text": "\"Puella Magi Madoka Magica: The Movie\"\ninto a godlike psychopomp while removing herself completely from reality with only Homura remembering her as she finds herself on a world where Mami and Kyoko are still alive as the three of them now hunt monsters called wraiths whole Madoka established the \"\"Law of Cycles\"\" in which magical girls disappear into a higher plane instead of becoming witches. In the seemingly carefree city of Mitakihara, Homura transfers into school and joins Madoka, Sayaka, Mami, and Kyoko, along with a familiar named Bebe, as they become magical girls and fight against creatures known as . Following them defeating a Nightmare", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 5 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11752058", "chunk_text": "\"Puella Magi Madoka Magica\"\nwas released on November 12, 2013, before being serialized in \"\"Manga Time Kirara Magica\"\" on November 22, 2013. , which was written and illustrated by Afro, is serialized in \"\"Manga Time Kirara Magica\"\"; its first volume was released in October 2013 and was licensed by Yen Press. , written by Kawazukuu and illustrated by Masugitsune, was serialized in \"\"Manga Time Kirara Magica\"\" and released two volumes in December 2013; Yen Press licensed the manga. Hajime Ninomae wrote a novel adaptation of the series that was illustrated by Yūpon and published by Nitroplus on August 14, 2011. Pre-release copies were available", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 6 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1850157", "chunk_text": "\"Puella Magi Madoka Magica: The Movie\"\nSayaka learn Mami is a magical girl who fights monstrous being called witches with Kyubey offering the two girls the opportunity along at the exchange of granting a wish. Homura is strongly against Madoka becoming one, Madoka almost making the pact after being inspired by Mami to become a magical girl to help people. But Madoka does not go through it after watching Mami brutally killed by the witch Charlotte, while Sayaka becomes a magical girl to heal the hand of her childhood friend, Kyosuke Kamijo. But Sayaka soon comes into conflict with another magical girl named Kyoko Sakura, whom", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 7 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6147663", "chunk_text": "\"Puella Magi Madoka Magica\"\neach Blu-ray Disc volume sold more than 50,000 copies. The series garnered a variety of awards, such as the Television Award at the 16th Animation Kobe Awards, as well as 12 \"\"Newtype\"\" Anime Awards and the Grand Prize for animation in the 2011 Japan Media Arts awards. In the fictional city of Mitakihara, Japan, a middle school student named Madoka Kaname and her friend Sayaka Miki encounter a small, cat-like creature named Kyubey. It offers a contract in which a girl may have any wish granted in exchange for obtaining magical powers and being tasked with fighting witches. Meanwhile, a", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 8 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1850160", "chunk_text": "\"Puella Magi Madoka Magica: The Movie\"\ndarkens and explodes into a Grief Seed. As a witch begins forming, Kyubey muses how a \"\"magical girl\"\" is only a \"\"witch\"\" yet to fully mature. Homura saves Kyoko and Sayaka's lifeless body from the witch Oktavia von Seckendorff, revealing it to be Sayaka herself as the result of her Soul Gem turning into a Grief Seed from being complete tainted in despair. Madoka learns from Kyubey that he and his fellow Incubators have chosen to turn teenage girls into magical girls to use the energy that spawns from their inevitable transformations into witches to counteract entropy in the universe.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 9 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1850166", "chunk_text": "\"Puella Magi Madoka Magica: The Movie\"\nthey can better amass energy from magical girls transforming into witches again. Kyubey's intentions provoke Homura into completing her transformation into the witch Homulilly to have her familiars kill every Incubator within the labyrinth while resolute to destroy herself rather then be saved. But Sayaka and Charlotte's original self Nagisa Momoe, both reborn as Madoka's guardians of the Law of Cycles, update the others on what is happening as they fight their way through Homulilly's familiars to save Homura from herself before she and Madoka destroy the barrier separating Homura's real body from the rest of the universe. Madoka recovers", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 10 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1850167", "chunk_text": "\"Puella Magi Madoka Magica: The Movie\"\nher memories and power as she proceeds to cleanse Homura of her curse and bring her into the Law of Cycles, only to be grabbed by a prepared Homura who reveals the curse consuming her is love rather than despair. Homura separates Madoka from her divinity while her curse enables her to transcend into \"\"demon\"\" to rewrite reality so Madoka and their friends can return to a normal life, forcing the Incubators take Madoka's place in bearing the collective misery of magical girls across time. Homura revels in her new world while accepting that she may become Madoka's enemy should", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 11 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1850162", "chunk_text": "\"Puella Magi Madoka Magica: The Movie\"\nWalpurgisnacht. Following Sayaka's funeral and being subjected to the tragic deaths of magical girls across history, Madoka tries to convince Homura to let her help her before Walpurgisnacht appears in the storm falling upon the city. Homura attempts to face Walpurgisnacht, but is ultimately defeated and pushed to the brink of despair. But Madoka arrives and becomes a magical girl by using the karma within her to wish for the negation of all witches across the timeline while removing their original selves from reality at the moment their Soul Gems turn into Grief Seeds. The wish resulted in Madoka transcending", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 12 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1850156", "chunk_text": "\"Puella Magi Madoka Magica: The Movie\"\none. Madoka soon learns that the life of a magical girl is not the dreamlike fantasy she imagined and is instead filled with tragedy and despair. In Mitakihara city, a girl named Madoka Kaname meets het new transfer student Homura Akemi who warns her to remain as she is lest risking to lose everything. Later that day, Madoka and her friend Sayaka Miki are shopping before they find themselves protecting a strange cat-like creature named Kyubey from Homura and then being rescued by Mami Tomoe when they got caught in a mystical barrier and approached by strange monsters. Madoka and", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 13 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1850161", "chunk_text": "\"Puella Magi Madoka Magica: The Movie\"\nKyoko, hoping for a chance to restore Sayaka's humanity, takes Madoka with her to try and reach Oktavia. But the attempt ultimately fails with Kyoko sacrificing herself to end Sayaka's suffering. Kyubey, having knew the futility but not telling Kyoko the truth, taunts Homura that she has no chance of stoping Walpurgisnacht without Madoka becoming a magical girl. It is then revealed that Homura comes from another timeline, having relived the same month several times in the hopes of saving Madoka from Walpurgisnacht, Kyubey revealing that Homura's actions made Madoka possess the potential to become a witch whose power dwarfs", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 14 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15384529", "chunk_text": "\"Puella Magi Madoka Magica\"\nwitches and rescues them by taking them to a heavenly paradise. A new reality, in which Homura is the only one who remembers Madoka, is formed. While collaborating on \"\"Hidamari Sketch\"\" and \"\"Bakemonogatari\"\", Akiyuki Shinbo told Aniplex producer Atsuhiro Iwakami he wanted to create a new magical girl series, beginning the development of \"\"Puella Magi Madoka Magica\"\". During the early planning stage, Iwakami decided not to adapt an existing work to give Shinbo more freedom in his direction style. Another goal of the project was to develop an anime that would appeal to a wider audience than the usual demographic", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 15 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12468964", "chunk_text": "\"Puella Magi Madoka Magica\"\n2011 and January 2013. A third manga titled , which was written by Kuroe Mura, was released in two \"\"tankōbon\"\" volumes on May 12, 2011, and June 12, 2011. Both \"\"Kazumi Magica\"\" and \"\"Oriko Magica\"\" have been licensed by Yen Press in North America. The first volume of \"\"Kazumi Magica\"\" was released in May 2013. , which was written and illustrated by Hanokage, began serialization in the 20th issue of \"\"Manga Time Kirara Magica\"\" released on June 10, 2015. The plot describes the events that happened between \"\"\"\" and \"\"\"\". The first volume of an official anthology comic featuring illustrations", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 16 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4647795", "chunk_text": "\"Puella Magi Madoka Magica\"\nA pachinko game titled \"\"Slot Puella Magi Madoka Magica\"\" was released in 2013, and a second pachinko game titled \"\"Slot Puella Magi Madoka Magica 2\"\" was released in 2016. \"\"Slot Puella Magi Madoka Magica 2\"\" features the song \"\"Naturally\"\" by Aoi Yūki and Eri Kitamura. Also in 2016, the smartphone game \"\"Girl Friend Beta\"\" announced a collaboration with \"\"Puella Magi Madoka Magica\"\" in which players got a Madoka card as a log-in bonus. A smartphone game called \"\"\"\", was released in Japan on August 22, 2017. The game features a new protagonist named Iroha Tamaki, who arrives in Kamihama City", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 17 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5362582", "chunk_text": "\"Puella Magi Madoka Magica\"\nbox including a bonus DVD, and a limited edition box containing a Madoka Figma, a bonus Blu-ray Disc, a Kyubey pouch, a 'HomuHomu' handkerchief and a special clear card. An action game for the PlayStation Vita titled was developed by Artdink and published by Namco Bandai Games, and was released in Japan on December 19, 2013. The game features an original story that was created with guidance from Urobuchi in which all five magical girls team up to defeat a powerful witch called Walpurgis Night. Upon release, a limited edition version that included codes for additional in-game costumes and merchandise", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 18 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6147662", "chunk_text": "\"Puella Magi Madoka Magica\"\nalso been produced; it consists of two films recapping the anime series and released in October 2012. A third film featuring an original story was released on October 26, 2013, and a concept film acting as a trailer for a new project was screened in December 2015. A smartphone game, \"\"Magia Record\"\", launched in August 2017, and an anime adaptation will be released in 2019. \"\"Puella Magi Madoka Magica\"\" has received widespread critical acclaim; critics praised the writing, visuals, and soundtrack of the series as well as its unconventional approach to the magical girl subgenre. It became a commercial success;", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 19 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14636244", "chunk_text": "\"Puella Magi Madoka Magica\"\nof the series, a destiny that Shinbo believed was slightly unfair, he asked Urobuchi if it was possible to change the plot so Sayaka could be spared. Urobuchi declined, saying her death was integral to the overarching story. Shinbo then asked if she could be brought back to life, saying he had become very attached to the character. Urobuchi again refused, saying this would be impossible because of the already-established rules governing the story. Shinbo acquiesced to this but said he believed there may have been too large a burden placed on the characters who were young, middle-school girls. The", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 20 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1850164", "chunk_text": "\"Puella Magi Madoka Magica: The Movie\"\nembodiment of Hitomi's frustrations over not being able to see Kyosuke, Homura realizes something is amiss in their memories as she and Kyoko learn they are trapped in a fake Mitakihara inside a witch's labyrinth. Homura proceeds to interrogate Bebe, remembering her as the witch Charlotte, only to end up fighting Mami who remembered they fought something different from nightmares. Homura is spirited away by Sayaka while Mami is kept from pursuing them by a mysterious Magical Girl, Sayaka revealing she possesses her memories along manifesting her Oktavia incarnation while warning Homura to reconsider uncovering the truth. Meeting with Madoka", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 21 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13230625", "chunk_text": "\"Puella Magi Madoka Magica\"\nedition sets and is being made available for import by Aniplex of America. The third film, titled , features a new story written by Urobuchi and acts as a sequel in the television series. It was released to Japanese theaters on October 26, 2013. The film received a North American imported release on December 3, 2013. The first and second films were re-released with an English dub on July 15, 2014. A short concept film for a new story, described as a \"\"movie-based image board\"\", was debuted at Shaft's anniversary exhibition Madogatari on November 27, 2015. Shaft representative director and", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 22 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5362576", "chunk_text": "\"Puella Magi Madoka Magica\"\nseries in Australia, where it was broadcast on the children's channel ABC3 on June 29, 2013, following an early preview on January 6. The dubbed series began streaming on Viz Media's streaming service Neon Alley in late 2013. On September 1, 2018, a new television anime series, based on the smartphone game \"\"Magia Record\"\", was announced to be scheduled for 2019. In November 2011, it was announced in the December issue of Kadokawa Shoten's \"\"Newtype\"\" magazine that Shaft was developing a three-part theatrical film project. The first two films, titled and , are compilations of the anime television series featuring", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 23 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13230624", "chunk_text": "\"Puella Magi Madoka Magica\"\nre-recorded voices and some new animation. The first film, which covers the first eight episodes of the television series, was released in theaters on October 6, 2012, while the second film, which covers the last four episodes, was released on October 13, 2012. The first two films were screened in selected locations in the United States and seven other countries between October 2012 and February 2013; they were also screened at Anime Festival Asia between November 10 and 11, 2012, in Singapore. The two films were released on Blu-ray Disc and DVD on July 30, 2013, in standard and collector's", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 24 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14636333", "chunk_text": "\"Puella Magi Madoka Magica\"\nand final volume released on September 21, 2011, contains a director's edit of episode 12. The series began streaming on Crunchyroll on February 15, 2012, as well as on Hulu and Crackle. Aniplex of America released the series in North America, including an English dub, in three BD and DVD volumes released between February 14 and June 12, 2012. Aniplex also released limited editions containing the original soundtrack CDs and special items. Manga Entertainment licensed the series in the United Kingdom and released it on October 29, 2012 on BD and DVD in a complete collection. Madman Entertainment licensed the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 25 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1850168", "chunk_text": "\"Puella Magi Madoka Magica: The Movie\"\nshe regain her godly powers and oppose her. A post-credits scene shows Homura seated in a chair while watching over Mitakihara with a badly-beaten and mentally scarred Kyubey nearby before she leans over a cliff and falls. The original anime television series of \"\"Puella Magi Madoka Magica\"\" was a collaboration between Aniplex, Shaft and MBS. The series was written by Gen Urobuchi and directed by Akiyuki Shinbo with original character designs by Ume Aoki and music by Yuki Kajiura. In November 2011, it was announced in the December issue of Kadokawa Shoten's \"\"Newtype\"\" magazine that a three-part theatrical film project", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 26 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1850165", "chunk_text": "\"Puella Magi Madoka Magica: The Movie\"\nhelps Homura clear her head and reach the conclusion that she is the witch who created the barrier, Kyubey confirming himself and his fellow Incubators to masterminded it. Kyubey explains that hearing Homura speaking of a reality predating the Law of Cycles timeline inspired them to isolate her Soul Gem from the rest of the universe for observation with a labyrinth created within which Homura subconsciously brought in specific people like Madoka. While Kyubey admits that Madoka's memory loss was unexpected, he decided to observe her until they devised the means to contain her and restore the previous timeline so", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 27 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1850158", "chunk_text": "\"Puella Magi Madoka Magica: The Movie\"\nHomura talked into an alliance to deal with a witch named Walpurgisnacht arriving to Mitakihara in two weeks. When Madoka learns that Sayaka and Kyoko are to fight on a highway bridge, she intervenes by throwing Sayaka's Soul Gem, the source of her power, into a speeding truck. This results in everyone but Homura and Kyubey learning the shocking truth that the Soul Gems are the Magical Girls' souls, Sayaka horrified that she is essentially no longer a person. As Madoka questions Homura why Kyubey keep everyone in the dark, Kyoko tries to help Sayaka cope by telling the girl", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 28 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4647796", "chunk_text": "\"Puella Magi Madoka Magica\"\nto search for her missing sister. The game features the theme song by TrySail. An anime adaptation of the game will premiere in 2019. \"\"Puella Magi Madoka Magica\"\" has received widespread critical acclaim. UK Anime Network's Andy Hanley rated the anime 10 out of 10 and lauded it for its deeply emotional content, and described it as immersive and filled with grandiose visuals along with an evocative soundtrack. He recommended watching it several times to fully comprehend the complex and multi-layered plot. Hanley called it the greatest television anime series of the 21st century thus far. Scott Green of Ain't", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 29 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1850159", "chunk_text": "\"Puella Magi Madoka Magica: The Movie\"\nof her own experience which destroyed her family. But Sayaka isolates herself from others while falling deeper into despair after learning that her classmate, Hitomi Shizuki, plans to confess her own love to Kyosuke. Madoka is nearly tricked into making a wish to help Sayaka when Homura kills Kyubey, telling Madoka to be so selfless before seeing her run off to find Sayaka. At that moment, another Kyubey appears and devours the dead one as Homura identifies them by their true name: Incubator. Meanwhile, Kyoko finds Sayaka as she admits of being such an idiot before her Soul Gem completely", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 30 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12468968", "chunk_text": "\"Puella Magi Madoka Magica\"\nsuch as a CD copy of the game's soundtrack and an art book, was also on sale. A free smartphone application called was released on October 14, 2011. A third-person shooter (TPS) titled \"\"Puella Magi Madoka Magica TPS featuring Homura Akemi\"\" was released for Android devices in December 2011. A second TPS title featuring Mami was released on August 2012 and a third featuring Sayaka and Kyoko was released on October 16, 2012. A puzzle game for iOS devices titled \"\"Puella Magi Madoka Magica Puzzle of Memories\"\" was released on March 29, 2013. Costumes from \"\"Puella Magi Madoka Magica\"\", alongside", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 31 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1850171", "chunk_text": "\"Puella Magi Madoka Magica: The Movie\"\nshown during each week of its screening. The film was screened in North America by Aniplex of America in December 2013. The film was released on Blu-ray Disc and DVD with English subtitles on April 2, 2014 in Japan and was released by Aniplex of America as an import title in North America on April 8, 2014. A re-release with an English dub was released in North America on April 7, 2015. The opening theme for the first two films is by ClariS, which was released on October 10, 2012. The ending theme for the first film is \"\"Magia (quattro)\"\"", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 32 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4647789", "chunk_text": "\"Puella Magi Madoka Magica\"\npresident Mitsutoshi Kubota later confirmed in an interview in \"\"Newtype\"\" that the concept film will launch a new \"\"Puella Magi Madoka Magica\"\" project. Houbunsha has published several manga series based on \"\"Puella Magi Madoka Magica\"\". A direct adaptation of the anime series was illustrated by Hanokage and published in three four-chapter \"\"tankōbon\"\" volumes that were released between February 12 and May 30, 2011. The manga has been licensed in North America by Yen Press. A side story manga titled , which was written by Masaki Hiramatsu and illustrated by Takashi Tensugi, was serialized in \"\"Manga Time Kirara Forward\"\" between March", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 33 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1850170", "chunk_text": "\"Puella Magi Madoka Magica: The Movie\"\nThe first two films were released on Blu-ray Disc and DVD on July 30, 2013 in standard and collector's edition sets and is available for import by Aniplex of America. The films were re-released by Aniplex USA with an English dub on Blu-ray Disc and DVD on July 15, 2014. The third film, , is an original story which takes place following the events of the previous films. The film was released in Japanese theaters by Warner Bros. Pictures on October 26, 2013. Special skits featuring characters from the \"\"Monogatari\"\" series aired prior to the film, with a different skit", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 34 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9827184", "chunk_text": "\"Sayaka Miki\"\nwith her Oktavia form now an extension of her will she can summon at will. Sayaka states that she became an assistant of Madoka because she \"\"regretted leaving Kyoko behind\"\". At the end of \"\"Rebellion\"\", Sayaka and Nagisa were pulled from afterlife by Homura, and given a new life and human forms in the new world. Unlike Madoka and Nagisa, Sayaka retained her memories before being subjected to Homura's power as Sayaka promises to never forget the devil that Homura had become even if she forgets everything else. Sayaka appears in several \"\"Puella Magi Madoka Magica\"\" manga published by Houbunsha.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 35 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1850173", "chunk_text": "\"Puella Magi Madoka Magica: The Movie\"\n\"\"tankōbon\"\" volumes between November 12, 2013 and January 10, 2014. Yen Press began releasing the series in English starting December 15, 2015. An action-adventure video game based on the films, \"\"Puella Magi Madoka Magica: The Battle Pentagram\"\", was released in Japan on December 12, 2013 for the PlayStation Vita. The game follows an alternate plotline to the first two films, in which Madoka makes a wish that all the magical girls could work together and defeat Walpurgisnacht. \"\"Beginnings\"\" grossed more than ¥500 million at the Japanese box office. The Blu-ray Disc edition of the first two films sold over 80,000", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 36 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "142533", "chunk_text": "\"Sayaka Miki\"\nShe is a supporting character in the \"\"Puella Magi Madoka Magica: The Different Story\"\" (2012) manga, which focuses on the relationship of Mami and Kyoko. She is also a recurring character in the \"\"Puella Magi Madoka Magica: Wraith Arc\"\" (2015) manga, that takes place between the second film \"\"Eternal\"\" and the third film \"\"Rebellion\"\". Sayaka appears in a novel adaptation of the original series written by Hajime Ninomae, illustrated by Yūpon and published by Nitroplus. Sayaka is a playable character in most \"\"Puella Magi Madoka Magica\"\" video games, such as the PlayStation Portable action video game developed by Namco Bandai", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 37 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13230643", "chunk_text": "\"Puella Magi Madoka Magica\"\nMagi Madoka Magica\"\" has developed into a social phenomenon in Japan. Toussaint Egan of \"\"Paste magazine\"\" stated that the series was \"\"widely celebrated by fans and critics alike\"\" upon its release and that the show is \"\"a postmodern reconfiguration of genre tropes rife with plot twists and existential malaise on a cosmic horror level\"\". The Spanish film director has cited \"\"Madoka Magica\"\" as a large influence on his 2014 film \"\"Magical Girl\"\". Puella Magi Madoka Magica , commonly referred to as simply Madoka Magica, is a Japanese anime television series that was produced by Shaft and Aniplex. It was directed", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 38 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "142504", "chunk_text": "\"Homura Akemi\"\nall \"\"Puella Magi Madoka Magica\"\" media, appearing in several \"\"Madoka Magica\"\" manga series published by Houbunsha. She is a supporting character in the \"\"Puella Magi Madoka Magica: The Different Story\"\" (2012) manga, in which she acts as the same in the original series. In 2015, two spin-off manga series featuring Homura as the main character were announced: a four-panel fantasy slice-of-life comic titled \"\"Puella Magi Homura Tamura\"\", and \"\"Puella Magi Madoka Magica: Homura's Revenge\"\", an alternate universe story where Madoka joined Homura in her time traveling. She is also the main heroine in the \"\"Puella Magi Madoka Magica: Wraith Arc\"\"", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 39 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6147861", "chunk_text": "\"Puella Magi Madoka Magica\"\nat Comiket 80 on August 12, 2011. A book titled \"\"Puella Magi Madoka Magica: The Beginning Story\"\", which is based on Gen Urobuchi's original draft treatment for the anime, was released in November 2011. A video game based on the series titled and designed for the PlayStation Portable was released by Namco Bandai Games on March 15, 2012. The game allows players to take many routes and change the ending of the story. Urobuchi returned as the writer and Shaft animated the title, while Yusuke Tomizawa and Yoshinao Doi produced it. The game was released in two editions; a standard", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 40 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9827123", "chunk_text": "\"Madoka Kaname\"\nMadoka Kaname Madoka is a kind and gentle 14-year-old girl who comes from a loving family. A second-year at middle school, her life changes when she encounters the incubator Kyubey, who offers to transform her into a magical girl. She sees herself as a person without special qualities or talents, and after seeing her schoolmate Mami Tomoe fighting against witches, aspires to become a magical girl like her. She is a kind and gentle person that is averse to fighting. She hopes that the magical girls will support each other, sometimes even putting her own life at risk to help", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 41 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "142506", "chunk_text": "\"Homura Akemi\"\nfor Android released in 2011. Homura appeared in a pachinko game titled \"\"Slot Puella Magi Madoka Magica\"\" (2013), and also a second pachinko game titled \"\"Slot Puella Magi Madoka Magica 2\"\" (2016). She is present in the smartphone game \"\"Magia Record\"\" (2017) in her original form, the shy Homura with glasses version, released as a pre-registration bonus. For the stage play adaptation of \"\"Magia Record\"\", she is portrayed by Hina Kawata of Keyakizaka46 idol girl group. The popularity of Homura translated well into sales figures, where she appeared highly in sales ranking of 2011. A large amount of Homura-related merchandise", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 42 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3967784", "chunk_text": "\"Puella Magi Madoka Magica\"\non TBS and MBS between January and March 2011, while the final two episodes were delayed until April 2011 due to the 2011 Tōhoku earthquake and tsunami. A manga adaptation of the series and various spin-off manga series have been published by Houbunsha and licensed in North America by Yen Press. A novelization by Nitroplus was released in August 2011, and a dedicated magazine titled \"\"Manga Time Kirara Magica\"\" was launched by Houbunsha in June 2012. A video game for the PlayStation Portable was released in March 2012 and another for PlayStation Vita was released in December 2013. A has", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 43 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12468981", "chunk_text": "\"Puella Magi Madoka Magica\"\nat the 2012 Japan Science Fiction Convention and was also awarded a Sisterhood Prize for the Sense of Gender Awards. It also won the 2012 UK Anime Network Reader's Choice Award. In 2015, the show was awarded the inaugural \"\"Sugoi Japan\"\" Grand Prix; Japan's nationwide vote for manga, anime, and novels considered as cultural assets that have the potential to be beloved all over the world, among all of the works published since 2005. In 2017, \"\"Madoka Magica\"\" was selected as the best anime of 2011 by the Tokyo Anime Award Festival. The radio station Tokyo FM reported that \"\"Puella", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 44 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11752057", "chunk_text": "\"Puella Magi Madoka Magica\"\nby guest artists was released on September 12, 2011. A dedicated monthly magazine published by Houbunsha and titled was launched on June 8, 2012; it features various manga stories, including spin-off stories of \"\"Oriko Magica\"\". A film comic adaptation of the series titled \"\"Puella Magi Madoka Magica: Film Memories\"\" went on sale on May 26, 2012. \"\"Puella Magi Madoka Magica: The Different Story\"\", another manga by Hanokage, was published in three \"\"tankōbon\"\" volumes between October 12 and November 12, 2012, and was licensed by Yen Press in 2014. The first volunme of , which was written and illustrated by Gan,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 45 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6147870", "chunk_text": "\"Puella Magi Madoka Magica\"\nseries' true nature. According to Sara Cleto and Erin Bah, the subversion of the magical girl genre \"\"draw[s] attention to the question of narrative power\"\"—particularly in the use of alternative timelines—as the characters fight for their survival. Production I.G's Katsuyuki Motohiro watched \"\"Puella Magi Madoka Magica\"\" after hearing opinions that it exceeded \"\"Neon Genesis Evangelion\"\". Upon viewing the series, he was \"\"amazed that there was a person who could write such a work\"\" and began analyzing Urobuchi's other works; he was motivated to ask Urobuchi to write the crime thriller \"\"Psycho-Pass\"\". In issue 103 of \"\"Neo\"\", journalist Matt Kamen wrote,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 46 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1850172", "chunk_text": "\"Puella Magi Madoka Magica: The Movie\"\nby Kalafina, and the second film's ending theme is by Kalafina, which was released on October 24, 2012. For the third film, the opening theme is by ClariS, which was released on October 30, 2013, and the ending theme is by Kalafina, which was released on November 6, 2013. A film comic adaptation of the first two films, titled \"\"Puella Magi Madoka Magica: Film Memories\"\", went on sale on May 26, 2012. A manga adaptation of \"\"Rebellion\"\" illustrated by Hanokage, who previously did the television series' manga adaptation and \"\"The Different Story\"\" spin-off manga, was published by Houbunsha in three", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 47 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9827186", "chunk_text": "\"Sayaka Miki\"\nGames, \"\"Puella Magi Madoka Magica Portable\"\" (2012), and the PlayStation Vita titled \"\"Puella Magi Madoka Magica: The Battle Pentagram\"\" (2013). She is also present alongside Kyoko in the Third Person Shooter (TPS) titled \"\"Puella Magi Madoka Magica TPS Featuring Sayaka Miki & Sakura Kyoko\"\" (2012). Sayaka appeared in a pachinko game titled \"\"Slot Puella Magi Madoka Magica\"\" (2013), and also a second pachinko game titled \"\"Slot Puella Magi Madoka Magica 2\"\" (2016), featuring the song \"\"Naturally\"\" by her voice actress Eri Kitamura and Madoka's Aoi Yuki. In January 2018, Aniplex made a debut character commercial for Sayaka for the Smartphone", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 48 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15859519", "chunk_text": "\"Madoka Kaname\"\nmake her wish: to prevent all magical girls from the past, present, future and all other timelines, from ever becoming witches. The laws of the universe are rewritten such that at the moment that a soul gem becomes black with anguish, Madoka appears and purifies it before the magical girl passes on. As a result of this wish, she becomes an omnipotent being named , that exists for all time, erasing her pre-ascension existence from the world; leaving only Homura – and to some extent her little brother – with the memory of her. Madoka becomes only a concept in", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 49 } ]
test_3553	type of disappearing lake found in limestone areas in the west of ireland?	n/a	[ "turlough", "turlough, or turlach", "A turlough, or turlach" ]	[]	n/a	n/a	n/a	[]	[ { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10476331", "chunk_text": "\"Turlough (lake)\"\nTurlough (lake) A turlough, or turlach, is a type of disappearing lake found mostly in limestone areas of Ireland, west of the River Shannon. The name comes from the Irish \"\"tur\"\", meaning \"\"dry\"\", with the suffix \"\"-lach\"\", meaning \"\"a place\"\" (in an abstract sense). The \"\"-lach\"\" suffix is often mistakenly spelled and/or thought to refer to the word \"\"loch\"\", the Irish, Scottish Gaelic and Scots word for \"\"lake\"\". The landforms are found in Irish karst (exposed limestone) areas. The features are almost unique to Ireland, although there is one example in Great Britain, at Cernydd Carmel near Llandeilo. They are", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 0 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12545225", "chunk_text": "\"Lough Sheelin\"\nLough Sheelin Lough Sheelin (), in standard Irish \"\"Loch Síleann\"\", is a limestone freshwater lough (lake) in Ireland located in County Westmeath, County Meath and County Cavan near the villages of Finnea (also spelled Finea) and Mountnugent and the town of Granard, (County Longford). The 1900-hectare lake is naturally populated by brown trout whose native stocks have been depleted in recent years. Phosphorus originating from intensive agricultural developments has caused a progressive enrichment of the Lough's waters which has led to a substantial decrease in the number of trout. The level of phosphorus in the lake is currently being monitored", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 1 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13295223", "chunk_text": "\"Turlough (lake)\"\nconsequences, because the unique flora and fauna of the turlough cannot survive in the absence of seasonal flooding. Even for farmers, the benefits are not always as great as anticipated; the stopping of the annual limy silt deposition means that the soil may become impoverished and fertilisers must be used. Also, the poorly developed and delicate soil may not be able to withstand the presence of animals through the winter. Article originally taken from an information sheet on turloughs available at ENFO, St. Andrew Street, Dublin 2,Ireland. Turlough (lake) A turlough, or turlach, is a type of disappearing lake found", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 2 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10476335", "chunk_text": "\"Turlough (lake)\"\nor joints in the rock become widened to such an extent that eventually all of the rain falling on the limestone disappears underground, and the water moves through the rock openings ranging from cracks a few millimetres wide to large cave passages. The limestone is then said to be \"\"karstified\"\". To the east of the Shannon, the limestone is often covered by great thicknesses of glacial drift deposited during the last glacial period, but in many areas to the west of the Shannon where the limestone is pure and the drift cover is thin, there is no proper surface river", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 3 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "55566", "chunk_text": "Lake-burst\nLake-burst A lake-burst () is a phenomenon referred to in Irish mythology, in which a previously non-existent lake comes into being, often when a grave is being dug. Part of the lake-burst stories may originate in sudden hydrographic changes around limestone-based inland plains or turloughs. Other so-called lake-bursts refer to marine estuaries, bays and inlets, such as Galway Bay, Strangford Lough, Dundrum Bay, Belfast Lough, Waterford Harbour and the mouth of the River Erne. Some of these coastal districts were renowned for the drowned prehistoric forests, which gave rise to several flood-myths. Medieval bards had a special genre of lake-burst", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 4 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16966185", "chunk_text": "\"Glenade Lough\"\ncemetery commemorates the alleged killing of a local woman by a \"\"dobhar-chú\"\" in 1722. Glenade Lough Glenade Lough (), locally known as Glenade Lake, is a freshwater lake in the northwest of Ireland. It is located in north County Leitrim in the Glenade Valley. Glenade Lough is situated between the Dartry Mountains to the west and the Arroo Mountain range to the east. The lake is located about northwest of Manorhamilton and south of Kinlough. It is long from northwest to southeast and covers an area of . Glenade Lough is fed by a number of streams entering at the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 5 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13940101", "chunk_text": "\"Glacial lake\"\nGlacial lake A glacial lake is a lake with origins in a melted glacier. They are formed when a glacier erodes the land, and then melts, filling the hole or space that it has created. Near the end of the last glacial period, roughly 10,000 years ago, glaciers began to retreat. A retreating glacier often left behind large deposits of ice in hollows between drumlins or hills. As the ice age ended, these melted to create lakes. This is apparent in the Lake District in Northwestern England where post-glacial sediments are normally between 4 and 6 metres deep. These lakes", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 6 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6494077", "chunk_text": "\"Geology of Ireland\"\nduring the Paleogene period. The soils of the north and west tend to be poorly drained peats and gleys, including peaty podzols. In contrast, in the south and east the soils are free-draining brown earths and brown and grey-brown podzols. An unusual environment is present in north Clare, in the Burren. This karst landscape consists of limestone bedrock, with little or no soil in the innermost areas. There are numerous sinkholes, where surface water disappears through the porous rock surface, and extensive cave systems have been formed in some areas. Doolin Cave is the site of one of the world's", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 7 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12545227", "chunk_text": "\"Lough Sheelin\"\nof the song \"\"Lough Sheelin Eviction\"\", made popular by the Wolfe Tones. The song is purportedly based on an account of an eviction witnessed by Dr. Thomas Nulty, Roman Catholic bishop of Meath, in 1848 in his first year as a priest in the diocese. Lough Sheelin Lough Sheelin (), in standard Irish \"\"Loch Síleann\"\", is a limestone freshwater lough (lake) in Ireland located in County Westmeath, County Meath and County Cavan near the villages of Finnea (also spelled Finea) and Mountnugent and the town of Granard, (County Longford). The 1900-hectare lake is naturally populated by brown trout whose native", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 8 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20158937", "chunk_text": "\"Lake Disappear\"\nElmidae 6 occasional (5) stony-cased caddisfly Pycnocentrodes common (5) Crustacea \"\"Paratya curvirostris\"\" occasional (4) mud snail \"\"Potamopyrgus antipodarum\"\" common (3) sand fly Austrosimulium occasional (3) New Zealand freshwater mussel Hyridella rare Lake Disappear Lake Disappear is an intermittent lake (see also Turlough (lake) and Polje) situated in the North Island of New Zealand, just over 20 km from Raglan, 4 km beyond Bridal Veil waterfall. It has also been described as a solution lake. The south end can be seen from Kawhia Rd and, when the north end is full, it can be seen from the point which is at", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 9 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10142960", "chunk_text": "\"Geology of Ireland\"\nat this time that most of the coal and sandstone were eroded. The thinner layers of limestone in the south of the country were also partially affected by this erosion. The limestone that was exposed by the disappearance of its sandstone mantle was subject to solution by weakly acidic water resulting in a karstic landscape that can still be seen in the Burren in County Clare. Shortly after this period, organic debris in the seas around Ireland began to form the natural gas and petroleum deposits that now play a role in the economy of Ireland. Then, about 150 million", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 10 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14179932", "chunk_text": "\"Mushroom stones\"\nof former lake water, showing the level at which Lough Ree once stood – 10 to 15 feet higher than the present summer height: the lake shore, moreover, is now some 300 yards distant.’ To date, wavestones have been recorded in Counties Offaly, Tipperary, Galway, Clare, Cork, Limerick, Roscommon and Westmeath (see map below in External Links). Not all mushroom stones are situated close to modern lakes. Many mark the shores of lakes which have vanished altogether, becoming filled in with reedswamp, fen and bog vegetation in the course of time. A remarkable example is located near Crancreagh Bridge in", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 11 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8069371", "chunk_text": "\"Glenade Lough\"\nGlenade Lough Glenade Lough (), locally known as Glenade Lake, is a freshwater lake in the northwest of Ireland. It is located in north County Leitrim in the Glenade Valley. Glenade Lough is situated between the Dartry Mountains to the west and the Arroo Mountain range to the east. The lake is located about northwest of Manorhamilton and south of Kinlough. It is long from northwest to southeast and covers an area of . Glenade Lough is fed by a number of streams entering at the lake's northern end. The lake drains south into the Bonet River. Fish species in", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 12 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14664269", "chunk_text": "\"Lough Gur\"\nLough Gur Lough Gur (Irish: \"\"Loch Gair\"\") is a lake in County Limerick, Ireland between the towns of Herbertstown and Bruff. The lake forms a horseshoe shape at the base of Knockadoon Hill and some rugged elevated countryside. It is one of Ireland's most important archaeological sites. Humans have lived near Lough Gur since about 3000 BC and there are numerous megalithic remains there. Grange stone circle (the largest stone circle in Ireland) and a dolmen are located near the lake. The remains of at least three crannogs are present, and remains of Stone Age houses have been unearthed (the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 13 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15753365", "chunk_text": "\"Lough Gill (Kerry)\"\nLough Gill (Kerry) Lough Gill (; , \"\"bright lake\"\") is a freshwater lake in the southwest of Ireland. It is located on the Dingle Peninsula in County Kerry. Lough Gill measures about long and wide. It is about west of Tralee, near the village of Castlegregory. Lough Gill is considered a natural lagoon, draining into Tralee Bay. It is fed by the Killiney River and another unnamed stream. The lake is shallow, with depths of less than . Fish species in Lough Gill include three-spined stickleback, sand goby, brown trout, flounder and the critically endangered European eel. The lake is", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 14 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14179934", "chunk_text": "\"Mushroom stones\"\nsuch as The Burren, are studded with lakes containing many partly-submerged Carboniferous limestone erratics. A requirement for limestone solution is that water must essentially be ‘acidic’ (pH below 7). Yet, a study of six wavestone sites in Ireland, namely Ballard Bridge, Cornaseer, Creevagh, Gortlecka, Killinaboy and Rinnamona, found that nearby lakes, in which the wavestones are said to have formed, are ‘alkaline' (pH above 7) with a pH range from 7.6 to 8.5. In fact, the water in three of the lakes, Loughs Gealáin and Ree, and Rinnamona Lough, is so alkaline that marl (lime mud) is being precipitated. The", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 15 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20167942", "chunk_text": "\"Drumaleague Lough\"\nDrumaleague Lough Drumaleague Lough () is a very small freshwater in northwest Ireland. The ecology of Drumaleague Lough, and other Leitrim waterways, remain threatened by zebra mussel and other invasive species. The origin of the lake name is unknown, but () means the \"\"\"\". Drumaleague Lough lies south of both Drumcong village and Carrickaport Lough, and southwest of Lough Scur. This eclipitical shaped lake is very small, covering a surface-area of about , measuring in length from west to east, and north to south, with depths of up to and a very soft mud bottom. Drumaleague Lough is connected to", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 16 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5319195", "chunk_text": "\"Lough Iron\"\nLough Iron Lough Iron () is a small lake on the River Inny, in County Westmeath, Ireland. A long and narrow lake, about 4 kilometers in length, it lies downstream from Lough Derravaragh, close to Lough Owel. It is a renowned bird and wildlife sanctuary, and also known for its coarse fishing. The level of the lake has dropped dramatically since the 1960s due to drainage of the Inny; this has led to the development of freshwater marshes on large areas of the lake bed. Lough Iron is not easily accessible as there is no road close to the lake", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 17 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6837614", "chunk_text": "\"Killarney National Park\"\nin the lake appears to have improved since phosphates were removed from sewage in 1985. As of August 2007, several large hotels and businesses have stated their intention to stop using phosphate detergents, in an effort to preserve the quality of the lake water. Muckross Lake is the deepest of the three lakes. It has a maximum depth of , close to where the steeply sloping side of Torc Mountain enters the lake. The lake lies on the geological boundary between the sandstone mountains to the south and west and the limestone to the north. Lough Leane and Muckross Lake", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 18 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5319197", "chunk_text": "\"Lough Iron\"\nHereof I myself and many others, are witness.\"\" Lough Iron Lough Iron () is a small lake on the River Inny, in County Westmeath, Ireland. A long and narrow lake, about 4 kilometers in length, it lies downstream from Lough Derravaragh, close to Lough Owel. It is a renowned bird and wildlife sanctuary, and also known for its coarse fishing. The level of the lake has dropped dramatically since the 1960s due to drainage of the Inny; this has led to the development of freshwater marshes on large areas of the lake bed. Lough Iron is not easily accessible as", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 19 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16536232", "chunk_text": "\"Easky Lough\"\nthe critically endangered European eel. Easky Lough is part of the Ox Mountains Bogs Special Area of Conservation. Easky Lough Easky Lough (), also known as Easkey Lough or Lough Easky, is a freshwater lake in the northwest of Ireland. It is located in west County Sligo in the Ox Mountains. Easky Lough is located about south of Easky village and by road from Sligo. It lies at an elevation of and covers an area of . Easky Lough is fed by mountain streams entering at the lake's southeastern end. The lake drains north into the Easky River, which flows", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 20 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18280705", "chunk_text": "\"Lough Leane\"\nbeing carried out. Water quality in the lake appears to have improved since phosphates were removed from sewage in 1985. As of August 2007, several large hotels and businesses have stated their intention to stop using phosphate detergents, in an effort to preserve the quality of the lake water. Lake cruises for tourists leave from Ross Castle, and boats can be hired for the trip to Innisfallen Island. Lough Leane is a habitat for the critically endangered blunt-snouted Irish char (\"\"Salvelinus obtusus\"\"). Lough Leane Lough Leane () is largest of the three lakes of Killarney. The River Laune flows from", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 21 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20920599", "chunk_text": "\"Templehouse Lough\"\nBallysadare River. Fish present in Templehouse Lough include roach, perch, pike and the critically endangered European eel. A number of duck species winter at the lake including teal, wigeon, mallard, tufted duck and goldeneye. Wader bird species include lapwing, curlew and Greenland white-fronted goose. Other bird species found at the lake include mute swan, great crested grebe and heron. Templehouse Lough is part of the Templehouse and Cloonacleigha Loughs Special Area of Conservation as a hard water lake habitat. Templehouse Lough Templehouse Lough (; also \"\"Templehouse Lake\"\") is a freshwater lake in the northwest of Ireland. It is located in", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 22 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18956458", "chunk_text": "\"Glen Lough\"\nthe lake with its southern neighbour, Lough Beagh. Fish species in Glen Lough include brown trout (including sea trout), Arctic char, salmon, minnow and the critically endangered European eel. Glen Lough Glen Lough () is a freshwater lake in the northwest of Ireland. It is located in north County Donegal near the village of Creeslough. Glen Lough is about east of Creeslough. It measures about long and wide and lies just north of Lough Beagh and Glenveagh National Park. The Derryveagh Mountains begin on the lake's western side and the Glendowan Mountains begin on the lake's southern end. Glen Lough", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 23 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17134266", "chunk_text": "\"Lough Mask\"\nLough Mask Lough Mask (Irish: \"\"Loch Measca\"\") is a limestone lough (lake) of 20,500 acres (83 km²) in Counties Galway and Mayo, Ireland, north of Lough Corrib. Lough Mask is the middle of the three lakes, which empty into the Corrib River, through Galway, into Galway Bay. Lough Carra flows into Lough Mask, which feeds into Lough Corrib through an underground stream which becomes the River Cong. Lough Mask is the fourth largest lake, by area, in Ireland and the sixth largest lake in the island of Ireland. The eastern half of Lough Mask is shallow and contains many islands.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 24 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20920598", "chunk_text": "\"Templehouse Lough\"\nTemplehouse Lough Templehouse Lough (; also \"\"Templehouse Lake\"\") is a freshwater lake in the northwest of Ireland. It is located in south County Sligo and forms part of the course of the Owenmore River. Templehouse Lough lies about south of Sligo and west of Ballymote. The lake covers in area and is about long from north to south. The lake has numerous crannogs (artificial islands). Templehouse Lough is fed by the Owenmore River and other streams entering at the lake's southern end. The lake drains north into the continuation of the Owenmore River, which then flows north to join the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 25 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11165418", "chunk_text": "\"Doo Lough (Mayo)\"\nstickleback and the critically endangered European eel. The lake is part of the Mweelrea/Sheeffry/Erriff Complex Special Area of Conservation. Doo Lough (Mayo) Doo Lough () is a freshwater lake in the west of Ireland. It is located in southwest County Mayo on the Murrisk peninsula. Doo Lough measures about long and wide. It lies about southwest of Westport near the village of Delphi. Doo Lough is one of a set of connected lakes near Delphi. Glencullin Lough flows into Doo Lough, which in turn flows into Fin Lough via the Owengarr River. Fin Lough in turn drains into Killary Harbour", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 26 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "757133", "chunk_text": "\"Lake Disappear\"\nthe next valley with Bridal Veil fall] drains underground through limestone (Elgood Limestone). During times of prolonged heavy rain, water backs up behind the outlet to form a sizable lake over what are normally dry alluvial flats.” Elgood Limestone (an outcrop is in the photo - see Gallery - to the left) is part of the Glen Massey Formation. The geology guide describes it as, “forming prominent bluffs or surface outcrops displaying solution channels, lapiez, and sinkholes, and is everywhere a light grey, flaggy limestone containing up to 95% CaCO. Glauconite is common throughout, together with Mesozoic pebbles and greensand", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 27 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14179933", "chunk_text": "\"Mushroom stones\"\nCounty Offaly, which marks the position of what must have been the north-western edge of ancient Lough Boora, on whose shores the first people of the Irish midlands camped in Mesolithic times 8,500 or so years ago. This ancient lake disappeared long ago, swamped by the growing expanse of bog, which buried not only the lake itself, but preserved the campsites of the early midlanders. No scientific evidence has been published to verify that the Irish wavestones have formed in lakes. Furthermore, no wavestones have been described from present-day lakes in Ireland, which is puzzling as parts of the country,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 28 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20158934", "chunk_text": "\"Lake Disappear\"\nnear the base”. About its late Whaingaroan (about 27 million years ago) creation, it says, “The change from estuarine, shallow brackish water conditions (Mangakotuku Formation), to fully marine, open sea, aerobic conditions (Glen Massey Formation) is evidenced by near shore accumulation of the bioclastic Elgood Limestone, onlap of the succeeding Dunphail Siltstone, and subsequent deposition of Ahirau Sandstone in an inner to mid shelf environment.” Pakihi is a Māori term now commonly used to describe poorly drained, infertile land. Much of the watershed of Lake Disappear was podocarp forest but is now mostly sheep and beef farms, with Te Uku", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 29 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8710205", "chunk_text": "\"Lough Mourne (Donegal)\"\nand the critically endangered European eel. The southwestern shore of Lough Mourne forms part of the Croaghonagh Bog Special Area of Conservation. The site provides supports for a range of wildlife species including important bird species. Lough Mourne (Donegal) Lough Mourne () is a freshwater lake in the northwest of Ireland. It is located in County Donegal, near the border with County Tyrone. Lough Mourne is located about southwest of Ballybofey, near the N15 road. The lake serves as a reservoir for Donegal Town. The Mourne Beg River flows out of the southern end of the lough, while the Burn", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 30 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14179931", "chunk_text": "\"Mushroom stones\"\nsecond minor ‘lip’ below the main one, suggesting that the drop in water level which isolated the stones from the lake’s edge took place in two stages. The wavestones in Ireland are always of limestone: generally isolated boulders which are often glacial erratics, or (much more rarely) exposed outcrop. In Ireland, wave stones were first recorded in 1865 by F.J. Foot along the shores of Lough Ree, during the course of field work for the first systematic geological survey of Ireland. He made a drawing of these water-worn limestone blocks ‘eroded up to a certain height by the solvent action", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 31 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20543258", "chunk_text": "\"Wicklow Mountains\"\nwere left in corries where moraines now dam lakes such as at Loughs Bray and Nahanagan. Corries without lakes also occur, such as the North Prison and South Prison of Lugnaquilla. Escaping meltwater cut narrow rocky gorges at several locations including the Glen of the Downs, the Devil's Glen and The Scalp. Ribbon lakes, such as Lough Dan and the lakes of Glendalough, also formed. The zone of collision between the continental plates that led to the formation of the Wicklow Mountains also led to mineralisation and the formation of Ireland's most significant metalliferous belt. The most important mining sites", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 32 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4042312", "chunk_text": "\"Annaghmore Lough\"\nAnnaghmore Lough Annaghmore Lough is a freshwater lake in the west of Ireland. It is located in County Roscommon in the catchment of the upper River Shannon. Annaghmore Lough is located about northwest of Strokestown. It lies at the centre of a group of small glacial lakes. Fish species in Annaghmore Lough include perch, roach, rudd, pike, tench, three-spined stickleback and the critically endangered European eel. The fen on the lake's north shore is home to a snail species rare in Europe, \"\"Vertigo geyeri\"\". Annaghmore Lough is an important bird sanctuary. Threatened species present here include whooper swan and golden", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 33 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18931063", "chunk_text": "\"St. John's Lough\"\nSt. John's Lough St. John's Lough (), also known as St. John's Lake, is a irregularly shaped freshwater lake located in south County Leitrim, in northwest of Ireland. The lake forms part of the wider Shannon–Erne Waterway tourist attraction. The ecology of John's Lough, and the Shannon-system, is threatened by pollution and invasive species such as curly waterweed, zebra mussel, and freshwater clam. Named after , meaning \"\"John the Baptist\"\", the lake is therefore named \"\"the lake of John\"\". St. John's Lough is a shallow freshwater lake west of Ballinamore, covering a surface area somewhere between and . Saint John's", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 34 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "162420", "chunk_text": "\"Lough Lene\"\n1995. Since then, a further outbreak of the crayfish fungus plague has once again led to the disappearance of the species from Lough Lene. Lough Lene Lough Lene (Irish: \"\"Loch Léinn\"\") is a lake situated in north County Westmeath, Ireland, between the villages of Castlepollard, Collinstown and Fore. It possesses a rich and varied history. It also boasts the existence of prehistoric burial sites, old ruins, many ancient village-type communal circular dwellings locally called ringforts, stiles, and mass paths. Lough Lene also has claims to being the home to kings and Vikings, such as Turgesius who had one of his", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 35 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17571464", "chunk_text": "\"Cloonee and Inchiquin Loughs, Uragh Wood\"\nand the Lesser Horseshoe Bat are known to occur. Cloonee and Inchiquin Loughs, Uragh Wood Cloonee and Inchiquin Loughs, Uragh Wood is the name of a Natura 2000 site in a valley in Tuosist, County Kerry, Ireland. Habitats include lowland oligotrophic lakes (loughs) and oceanic oak woodland. Uragh Wood has been protected as a nature reserve since 1982. A Special Area of Conservation has since been designated which protects the wood, lakes and the surrounding area. The four main lakes in the area are the Salt Lake, Lower Cloonee Lake, Upper Cloonee Lake and the Gleninchaquin Lake. This is one", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 36 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13295213", "chunk_text": "\"Turlough (lake)\"\nnetwork. In these areas, rainfall disappears underground, flows through openings in the rock and then rises at distant springs: large springs can be found to the west of the area, flowing into Lough Corrib and Galway Bay. In winter, when the underground water level (or water table) rises, and when the underground flow increases, and when the underground flow routes to the springs are not capable of dealing with the amount of water entering them, groundwater may appear temporarily at the surface in the form of a turlough. Many of the rivers seen in these areas today are largely artificial,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 37 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14179929", "chunk_text": "\"Mushroom stones\"\nMushroom stones Mushroom stones, or mushroom rocks, in Ireland are limestone boulders undercut by past weathering regimes. These rocks take the form of solitary sentinels of limestone which still bear the unmistakable marks of long-continued erosion by ice, soil or lapping waves at the edge of lakes which have since vanished or retreated. These stones are sometimes shaped like mushrooms, others have an overhang facing in just one direction, but all are notched and undercut in such a fashion as to suggest prolonged exposure to standing water at some time in the past. The mushroom-shaped stones are produced where the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 38 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19748531", "chunk_text": "\"Lough Talt\"\nLough Talt Lough Talt () is situated in south County Sligo between the villages of Tubbercurry, Aclare and Bonniconlon, in the west of Ireland. It is the largest of the lakes in the Lough Hoe Bog area. It is a glacier lake and lies at approximately 500 ft above sea level and measures 67 ft at its deepest point. Its area is nearly 194 acres. The Lake is a good source of brown trout averaging 250g. Arctic char are also reported to be still present in the deeper waters of the lake. The trout are free rising and their weight", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 39 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18296112", "chunk_text": "\"Glencar Lough\"\nGlencar Lough Glencar Lough (), locally known as Glencar Lake, is a freshwater lake in the northwest of Ireland. It covers an area of and lies mostly in County Leitrim with a smaller part in County Sligo. Glencar Waterfall is located near the lake's north shore on the Leitrim side. Glencar Lough lies in the Glencar Valley, between the Dartry Mountains to the north and the mountain range including Cope's Mountain to the south. The lake is located about northeast of Sligo and about west of Manorhamilton. It is long from west to east and wide. The lake has two", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 40 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14909805", "chunk_text": "\"Lough Bunny\"\nLough Bunny Lough Bunny () is a freshwater lake in the Mid-West Region of Ireland. It is located in The Burren of County Clare. Lough Bunny measures about long and wide. It lies about southwest of Gort near the village of Boston. Lough Bunny has no permanent inflow or outflow. It is fed by springs and drains into fissures around the lake's northern end. The lake is oligotrophic. Fish species in Lough Bunny include perch, rudd, pike and the critically endangered European eel. Lough Bunny is part of the Burren National Park. The lake is also part of the East", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 41 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14909937", "chunk_text": "\"Doo Lough (Mayo)\"\nDoo Lough (Mayo) Doo Lough () is a freshwater lake in the west of Ireland. It is located in southwest County Mayo on the Murrisk peninsula. Doo Lough measures about long and wide. It lies about southwest of Westport near the village of Delphi. Doo Lough is one of a set of connected lakes near Delphi. Glencullin Lough flows into Doo Lough, which in turn flows into Fin Lough via the Owengarr River. Fin Lough in turn drains into Killary Harbour via the Bundorragha River. Fish species in Doo Lough include brown trout, sea trout, perch, salmon, Arctic char, three-spined", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 42 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "743739", "chunk_text": "\"Keshcarrigan Lough\"\nKeshcarrigan Lough Keshcarrigan lough () is a mesotrophic freshwater near Keshcarrigan village, in northwest Ireland. Known for quality course fishing, Keshcarrigan lough allows bank fishing from concrete stands on the northern shore, two with wheelchair access. The ecology of Keshcarrigan lough, and other Leitrim waterways, is threatened by curly waterweed, zebra mussel, and freshwater clam invasive species. The lake is named from the bordering townland of \"\"Keshcarrigan\"\" (), meaning the \"\"\"\". Keshcarrigan lough lies due south of Keshcarrigan village and Lough Scur, in Kiltubrid parish, south County Leitrim in the northwest of Ireland. The lake forms a tilted oblong shape,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 43 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7167843", "chunk_text": "\"Wicklow Mountains\"\nBroadleaf plantations are rare, accounting for less than 10% of forest. The young rivers in the upper glens are spawning grounds for salmon and brown trout. Arctic char, isolated in the Wicklow lakes following the end of the last ice age, have been recorded in Lough Dan and the lakes of Glendalough but are now believed extinct. A programme to reintroduce them into the Upper Lake at Glendalough commenced in 2009. The earliest evidence of human activity in the interior of Wicklow dates to around 4,300 BCE. Passage tombs, from the Neolithic period, are the earliest and most prominent feature", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 44 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18956457", "chunk_text": "\"Glen Lough\"\nGlen Lough Glen Lough () is a freshwater lake in the northwest of Ireland. It is located in north County Donegal near the village of Creeslough. Glen Lough is about east of Creeslough. It measures about long and wide and lies just north of Lough Beagh and Glenveagh National Park. The Derryveagh Mountains begin on the lake's western side and the Glendowan Mountains begin on the lake's southern end. Glen Lough is fed mainly by the Owencarrow River entering at its southern end. The lake drains northwards into the Lackagh River, which in turn enters Sheephaven Bay. The Owencarrow connects", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 45 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17134270", "chunk_text": "\"Lough Mask\"\nand sailing. \"\"Loch Measca\"\" was taken as the pen-name of Séan Seoighe (John Joyce) in \"\"Eachtra múinteóra\"\" an Irish-language memoir published in 1929. Lough Mask Lough Mask (Irish: \"\"Loch Measca\"\") is a limestone lough (lake) of 20,500 acres (83 km²) in Counties Galway and Mayo, Ireland, north of Lough Corrib. Lough Mask is the middle of the three lakes, which empty into the Corrib River, through Galway, into Galway Bay. Lough Carra flows into Lough Mask, which feeds into Lough Corrib through an underground stream which becomes the River Cong. Lough Mask is the fourth largest lake, by area, in", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 46 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "732700", "chunk_text": "\"Lough Beagh\"\nLough Beagh Lough Beagh (), also known as Lough Veagh, is a freshwater lake in the northwest of Ireland. It is located in north County Donegal and is part of Glenveagh National Park. Lough Beagh is about northwest of Letterkenny. It measures about long and wide and lies in the narrow Glenveagh valley surrounded by the Derryveagh and Glendowan Mountains. Steep granite cliffs rise on both sides of the lake to heights of about . The lake has numerous small islands at its northern end. Lough Beagh is fed mainly by the Owenbeagh River entering at its southern end. The", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 47 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12607519", "chunk_text": "\"Kindrum Lough\"\nKindrum Lough Kindrum Lough () is a freshwater lake in the northwest of Ireland. It is located in north County Donegal on the Fanad Peninsula. Kindrum Lough is about northwest of Portsalon. It measures about long west–east and wide. Kindrum Lough is fed mainly by the Cashlan Stream entering at its southeastern end. The lake drains southwards into Mulroy Bay. Kindrum Lough is oligotrophic. Fish species in Kindrum Lough include brown trout, Arctic char, three-spined stickleback and the critically endangered European eel. Two rare plant species have been recorded from the lake: slender naiad (\"\"Najas flexilis\"\") and a stonewort, \"\"Nitella", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 48 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11796156", "chunk_text": "\"Lough Owel\"\nboth in Westmeath, and from there through the town of Clara (County Offaly) into the Shannon. The Viking chieftain Turgesius was drowned in Lough Owel by Máel Sechnaill mac Maíl Ruanaid in 845. Since 1996 the lough has received international protection as a Ramsar site. It is noted for its birdlife and is also well known amongst anglers, and holds a few char along with brown trout. Lough Owel Lough Owel () is a mesotrophic lough in the Midlands of Ireland, situated north of Mullingar, the county town of Westmeath. It has a maximum depth of 22m. Water from Lough", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 49 } ]
test_3554	who plays the prosecutor on law and order svu?	n/a	[ "Raúl Eduardo Esparza" ]	[]	n/a	n/a	n/a	[]	[ { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16472384", "chunk_text": "\"Sterling K. Brown\"\nSterling K. Brown Sterling Kelby Brown (born April 5, 1976) is an American actor. He rose to prominence in 2016 after portraying prosecutor Christopher Darden in the FX drama \"\"\"\", for which he won the Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Supporting Actor in a Limited Series or Movie. He currently stars as Randall Pearson on the NBC drama \"\"This Is Us\"\". The role has earned Brown his second Emmy, in 2017, for Outstanding Lead Actor in a Drama Series and his first Golden Globe Award for Best Actor – Television Series Drama, as well as his first Screen Actors Guild", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 0 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17971536", "chunk_text": "\"Sterling K. Brown\"\nSterling K. Brown Sterling Kelby Brown (born April 5, 1976) is an American actor. He rose to prominence in 2016 after portraying prosecutor Christopher Darden in the FX drama \"\"\"\", for which he won the Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Supporting Actor in a Limited Series or Movie. He currently stars as Randall Pearson on the NBC drama \"\"This Is Us\"\". The role has earned Brown his second Emmy, in 2017, for Outstanding Lead Actor in a Drama Series and his first Golden Globe Award for Best Actor – Television Series Drama, as well as his first Screen Actors Guild", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 1 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12193281", "chunk_text": "\"Casey Novak\"\nUnit\"\" for its 13th season. She is first seen in the season's third episode \"\"\"\", in which the SVU squad is investigating the teenage son of a high-profile political couple. She gets into a heated argument with Benson after she tells her that she is \"\"off,\"\" to which Benson replies that Novak and her office have \"\"lost their nerve.\"\" Novak is the prosecutor in four episodes during season 13, sharing the ADA duties with Cabot, Michael Cutter (Linus Roache), and David Haden (Harry Connick, Jr.) She is last seen as the lead prosecutor in \"\"Valentine's Day\"\", in which she goes", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 2 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4940079", "chunk_text": "\"Chicago Justice\"\nFebruary 19, 2016, as Peter Stone, the prosecutor who put Voight in prison years ago. His father is Benjamin Stone, an assistant district attorney on the first four seasons of \"\"Law & Order\"\". Nazneen Contractor joined the series on March 11, 2016, and Joelle Carter on March 14, 2016. \"\"Rocky\"\" alum Carl Weathers joined the cast on March 19 as Cook County State's Attorney Mark Jefferies, while Ryan-James Hatanaka was added to the cast on March 24. Lorraine Toussaint reprised her role in the pilot as defense attorney Shambala Green, who appeared in seven episodes of \"\"Law & Order\"\". Contractor", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 3 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3278263", "chunk_text": "\"Jill Hennessy\"\nwrote the song \"\"The Ballad of Jill Hennessy\"\" in honor of the actress. Hennessy was reportedly very pleased and offered to perform with the band on rhythm guitar. Jill Hennessy Jillian Noel Hennessy (born November 25, 1968) is a Canadian actress and musician. She is most known for her roles on the American television series \"\"Law & Order\"\", on which she played prosecutor Claire Kincaid for three seasons, and \"\"Crossing Jordan\"\", on which she played the lead character, Jordan Cavanaugh, for six seasons. She has also acted in films such as \"\"RoboCop 3\"\" and \"\"Most Wanted\"\", and the independent films", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 4 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12055184", "chunk_text": "\"Connie Rubirosa\"\nsee each other?’\"\" John Freeman Gill of \"\"The New York Times\"\" writes that \"\"\"\"Law & Order\"\" has been around so long that the datebook in the office of the prosecutor played by Sam Waterston is embossed with the year 1995. But one new ingredient in the show this season, the casting of Alana De La Garza as its first Hispanic assistant district attorney, helped give the \"\"Melting Pot\"\" story both nuance and passion.\"\" Matt Roush of \"\"TV Guide\"\" wrote, \"\"Tonight, in another strong episode, it's De La Garza's turn to shine, and she makes the most of it, proving herself", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 5 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3278256", "chunk_text": "\"Jill Hennessy\"\nJill Hennessy Jillian Noel Hennessy (born November 25, 1968) is a Canadian actress and musician. She is most known for her roles on the American television series \"\"Law & Order\"\", on which she played prosecutor Claire Kincaid for three seasons, and \"\"Crossing Jordan\"\", on which she played the lead character, Jordan Cavanaugh, for six seasons. She has also acted in films such as \"\"RoboCop 3\"\" and \"\"Most Wanted\"\", and the independent films \"\"Chutney Popcorn\"\" and \"\"The Acting Class\"\", the latter of which she also wrote and co-directed. Hennessy was born in Edmonton, Alberta. Her father, John Hennessy, was a meat", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 6 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16793854", "chunk_text": "\"Law & Order: Special Victims Unit\"\nPaxton (Christine Lahti) and Jo Marlowe (Sharon Stone) until the conclusion of season eleven. Gillian Hardwicke served as the SVU ADA during season twelve. In season thirteen, both Cabot and Novak returned as ADAs. From the beginning of season fourteen, ADA Rafael Barba had been SVU's prosecutor, until leaving halfway through season nineteen. \"\"Chicago Justice\"\"'s Peter Stone became SVU's ADA after \"\"Chicago Justice\"\" was canceled after only one season. In season 13, other big changes happened when Stabler left in the season twelve finale. Detectives Nick Amaro and Amanda Rollins joined the team filling the void left by Stabler. Amaro", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 7 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6302550", "chunk_text": "\"Law & Order\"\nAttorney's Office. Plots are often based on real cases that recently made headlines, although the motivation for the crime and the perpetrator may be different. The show has been noted for its revolving cast over the years. Among the longest-running main cast members were Steven Hill as District Attorney Adam Schiff (seasons 1–10), Jerry Orbach as Detective Lennie Briscoe (seasons 3–14), S. Epatha Merkerson as Lieutenant Anita Van Buren (seasons 4–20), Sam Waterston as Executive Assistant District Attorney Jack McCoy (seasons 5–20; later District Attorney) and Jesse L. Martin as Detective Ed Green (seasons 10–18). \"\"Law & Order\"\"s twenty seasons", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 8 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6302562", "chunk_text": "\"Law & Order\"\nseries. The producers held options on Dzundza, Noth, Moriarty and Brooks. Each was paid holding money for the additional year and brought back. Florek also returned. Thinnes, however, was starring in \"\"Dark Shadows\"\" and declined to return. In his place, the producers tapped Steven Hill to play District Attorney Adam Schiff, a character loosely based on real-life New York County District Attorney Robert Morgenthau. Hill brought prestige and experience to the show and, as such, the producers allowed Hill to give insight on the direction he thought the character should go. Dzundza was disappointed when he realized that the show", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 9 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6302561", "chunk_text": "\"Law & Order\"\nas Captain Donald Cragen. On the prosecutor's side, Michael Moriarty was Dick Wolf's choice to play Executive Assistant District Attorney Benjamin \"\"Ben\"\" Stone. The network, however, preferred James Naughton, but, in the end, Wolf's choice would prevail, and Moriarty received the role. As his ADA, Richard Brooks and Eriq La Salle were being considered for the role of Paul Robinette. The network favored La Salle but, once again, the producers' choice prevailed, and Brooks received the role. As their boss, Roy Thinnes was cast as District Attorney Alfred Wentworth. Nearly two years passed between the pilot and production of the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 10 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6661113", "chunk_text": "\"Law & Order: Special Victims Unit (season 13)\"\nRobert Greenblatt announced at the Television Critics Association winter press tour that Harry Connick, Jr. had been cast in a four-episode arc as new Executive ADA, David Haden, a dedicated, straight-shooting prosecutor who is assigned a case with Detective Benson (Mariska Hargitay). Although Benson is at first wary of Haden, they are both surprised to find they work well together. As the case develops, so does their relationship. Connick's first episode was \"\"Official Story\"\", which aired January 18. \"\"This is a home run on so many levels,\"\" said Mariska. \"\"The show is very fortunate to have Harry's extraordinary talent, and", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 11 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14006567", "chunk_text": "\"Chicago P.D. (TV series)\"\nState's Attorney (ASA) characters in the 21st episode of \"\"P.D.\"\"'s third season. Philip Winchester was the first to be cast. Nazneen Contractor joined the series in March 2016 and the title was changed to \"\"Chicago Justice\"\". \"\"Rocky\"\" alum Carl Weathers will play Cook County State's Attorney Mark Jefferies, while Joelle Carter will also star. Lorraine Toussaint reprised her role as defense attorney Shambala Green, who appeared in seven episodes of \"\"Law & Order\"\". On May 12, 2016, NBC gave \"\"Chicago Justice\"\" a series order. On September 28, it was reported that Jon Seda would join the cast and that his", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 12 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20739523", "chunk_text": "\"Law & Order: Special Victims Unit (season 20)\"\n(Kelli Giddish). Rollins mentions him cheating on her with a prostitute in the previous season. Days later it was reported that Dylan Walsh would play John Conway, an abusive father who rapes his own son, in the season premiere. Walsh previously guest starred in the eighth season of the series. Mark Tallman portrays Gavin Riley, the new chief of detectives, in a recurring role. Carl Weathers reprised his role as his \"\"Chicago Justice\"\" character, State's Attorney Mark Jefferies, in the episode \"\"Zero Tolerance\"\". On August 16, 2018, \"\"The Hollywood Reporter\"\" announced that \"\"Homeland\"\" actress Sandrine Holt would be cast in", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 13 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15535037", "chunk_text": "\"Benjamin Bratt\"\nBenjamin Bratt Benjamin Bratt (born December 16, 1963) is an American actor. On television, Bratt portrayed NYPD Detective Rey Curtis on the NBC drama series \"\"Law & Order\"\" (for which he was nominated for the 1999 Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Supporting Actor in a Drama Series), Dr. Jake Reilly on ABC's \"\"Private Practice\"\" (2011–2013), Steve Navarro on \"\"\"\" (2014) and Jahil Rivera on \"\"Star\"\" (2016–2018). In film, Bratt has appeared in \"\"Demolition Man\"\" (1993), \"\"Blood In Blood Out\"\" (1993), \"\"Traffic\"\" (2000), \"\"Piñero\"\" (2001), \"\"Miss Congeniality\"\" (2000), \"\"Cloudy with a Chance of Meatballs\"\" (2009) and its sequel (2013), \"\"La Mission\"\"", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 14 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10300512", "chunk_text": "\"Elisabeth Röhm\"\nof the cast won the Screen Actors Guild Award for Outstanding Performance by a Cast in a Motion Picture for their roles in \"\"American Hustle\"\". Röhm was selected for \"\"Maxim\"\" magazine's \"\"Hot 100\"\" list in 2002. Elisabeth Röhm Elisabeth Röhm (, ; born April 28, 1973) is a German-American television and film actress. She is best known for playing Assistant District Attorney Serena Southerlyn in the American TV series \"\"Law & Order\"\" and Detective Kate Lockley in the TV series \"\"Angel\"\", and for her work with David O. Russell. Röhm was born in Düsseldorf, West Germany, to Lisa Loverde and", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 15 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16166117", "chunk_text": "\"Frame (Law & Order: Criminal Intent)\"\nKathryn Erbe were the lead actors. Tony Goldwyn, Olivia d'Abo, and John Glover reprised their roles of Frank Goren, Nicole Wallace, and Dr. Declan Gage for \"\"Frame\"\", respectively. Archive footage and scenes from episodes \"\"Anti-Thesis\"\", \"\"A Person of Interest\"\", \"\"Grow\"\", \"\"Endgame\"\", and \"\"Untethered\"\" are used as brief flashback scenes in the episode, Courtney B. Vance in his role of Assistant District Attorney Ron Carver was seen in one flashback with Nicole Wallace. Daniel London (Mark Bailey, \"\"Anti-Thesis\"\") and James McCaffrey (Daniel Croydon, \"\"A Person of Interest\"\") were also seen as well at the moments where their characters died by the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 16 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17701", "chunk_text": "\"Law & Order: Criminal Intent (season 1)\"\nseason: Vincent D'Onofrio, Kathryn Erbe, Jamey Sheridan, and Courtney B. Vance. Episodes depict Detectives Robert Goren (D'Onofrio) and Alexandra Eames (Erbe) as the squad's lead investigators. Captain James Deakins (Sheridan) is the detectives' direct supervisor and head of the Major Case Squad. Assistant District Attorney Ron Carver (Vance) often attempts to obtain confessions from the suspects, rather than taking them to trial. \"\"Law & Order: Criminal Intent\"\" focuses on the actions and motives of the criminals, and it divides screen time equally between the suspects and victims and the police's investigation. The season was filmed on location in New York", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 17 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6995697", "chunk_text": "\"Warren Kole\"\nWarren Kole Warren David Blosjo, Jr. (born September 23, 1977) known professionally as Warren Kole, is an American actor known for his role as LAPD Detective Wes Mitchell on the USA Network original series \"\"Common Law\"\". He also played Roderick on the FOX original series \"\"The Following\"\" in its first season, and starred as FBI Agent Robert Stahl in the NBC crime drama \"\"Shades of Blue\"\". Kole was born in San Antonio, Texas, and he spent much of his early life in the Washington, D.C. area. He studied acting at Boston University in Massachusetts where he began his career performing", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 18 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16144370", "chunk_text": "\"Alexandra Cabot\"\nStanton's wife to call him. After the case takes a turn for the worse, Cabot berates Benson after court when Benson defends Stanton. Cabot implies she knows Benson had something to do with Ellis defending Stanton. Cabot ultimately loses the case after the jury finds Stanton not guilty due to mental instability caused by the numerous concussions he suffered during his career. Cabot is the prosecutor in seven episodes of season 13, sharing the ADA duties with Novak, Cutter, and David Haden (Harry Connick Jr.). The character makes her final appearance in the season in \"\"Learning Curve\"\", in which she", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 19 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2198868", "chunk_text": "\"Kent Williams (actor)\"\nWilliams played the role of Deputy Mayor Barry Lawrence. Kent Williams (actor) Kent Williams (born December 27, 1950) is an American actor. Williams was born in Harlem, Manhattan, New York. He studied music and theatre at the State University of New York at Oswego, where he graduated in the class of 1973. He is known for his role as an Assistant District Attorney and, later, Special Prosecutor Lawrence D. Barrington in the television programs \"\"Mickey Spillane's Mike Hammer\"\", and \"\"The New Mike Hammer\"\". Williams reunited with Stacy Keach in 1997 when a new Mike Hammer syndicated television show was released", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 20 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14141061", "chunk_text": "\"Law & Order: Criminal Intent (season 8)\"\nthe lead actors from the seventh season returned for season eight. Vincent D'Onofrio plays Detective Robert Goren, a hyper-intuitive contemporary Sherlock Holmes-type investigator who used to work for the US Military Police. Goren's partner, former vice squad detective, Alexandra Eames, is played by Kathryn Erbe. Eric Bogosian appears as Captain Danny Ross, and Julianne Nicholson continues to appear as Detective Megan Wheeler. Jeff Goldblum joins the cast as Detective Zack Nichols, replacing Detective Mike Logan (Chris Noth) as Wheeler's partner. Each episode features an alternate investigating team of detectives. D'Onofrio and Erbe appear together in one episode, and Goldblum and", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 21 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20491887", "chunk_text": "\"Elisabeth Röhm\"\nElisabeth Röhm Elisabeth Röhm (, ; born April 28, 1973) is a German-American television and film actress. She is best known for playing Assistant District Attorney Serena Southerlyn in the American TV series \"\"Law & Order\"\" and Detective Kate Lockley in the TV series \"\"Angel\"\", and for her work with David O. Russell. Röhm was born in Düsseldorf, West Germany, to Lisa Loverde and Eberhard Röhm. Her father was a German-born partner at the law firm of Duane Morris LLP New York, and the family moved to New York City before her first birthday. Her mother was an American scriptwriter,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 22 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13701481", "chunk_text": "\"D. B. Woodside\"\nD. B. Woodside David Bryan \"\"D.B.\"\" Woodside (born July 25, 1969) is an American actor, perhaps best known for his portrayal of the White House Chief of Staff (and later President) Wayne Palmer on the Fox action/drama series \"\"24\"\". Additionally, he is noted for his roles as the bass singer Melvin Franklin in the NBC miniseries \"\"The Temptations\"\", and starring as Robin Wood on the WB/UPN series \"\"Buffy the Vampire Slayer\"\" in their seventh season, as Malcolm Franks in \"\"Single Ladies\"\", and as Dr. Joseph Prestridge on \"\"Parenthood\"\". He played SEC Prosecutor Jeff Malone in the fourth season of \"\"Suits\"\",", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 23 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9645599", "chunk_text": "\"Law & Order: Criminal Intent (season 1)\"\n\"\"she just looked like a real cop.\"\" Courtney B. Vance plays Assistant District Attorney Ron Carver, a graduate of John Jay College of Criminal Justice. Jamey Sheridan was the last actor to be cast in a main role, taking the part of James Deakins, a \"\"seasoned\"\" NYPD Captain. In a recurring role, Leslie Hendrix appeared as Assistant Chief Medical Examiner Elizabeth Rodgers, the same character she had played in the other two series. Steve Zirnkilton provides a voice-over at the beginning of each episode's opening credits, saying \"\"In New York City's war on crime, the worst criminal offenders are pursued", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 24 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15877302", "chunk_text": "\"Michael B. Silver\"\nin 2011 he starred in the video game \"\"L.A. Noire\"\" as Edgar Kalou. He has been married to actress Katie Mitchell since October 22, 2000. Michael B. Silver Michael Buchman Silver (born July 8, 1967) is an American actor. He is perhaps best known for his recurring role as Assistant District Attorney Leo Cohen in the television series \"\"NYPD Blue\"\". Silver was born in New York City, the brother of writer Amanda Silver and the grandson of Oscar-winning screenwriter Sidney Buchman. Silver is a graduate of Brown University. One of his earliest roles was in the 1993 film \"\"\"\". He", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 25 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1547161", "chunk_text": "\"Glenn Kirschner\"\nGlenn Kirschner Glenn L. Kirschner is an NBC News/MSNBC legal analyst and former career federal prosecutor and U.S. Army prosecutor. He is portrayed by actor Paulino Nunes in the film \"\"Georgetown\"\". Kirschner attended Washington and Lee University, where he studied journalism. While at Washington and Lee, he was awarded an Army ROTC scholarship and joined the Virginia Beta chapter of the Phi Kappa Psi Fraternity. He played for the Washington and Lee Generals football team as an offensive lineman/center all four years and was elected by his teammates as one of three team captains for his senior year. Kirschner earned", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 26 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18626978", "chunk_text": "\"J. K. Simmons\"\nSimmons is a member of Phi Mu Alpha Sinfonia, the men's music fraternity, and was initiated in 1975 at University of Montana. During Mardi Gras 2018, J.K. Simmons was awarded King of Bacchus by the Krewe of Bacchus. J. K. Simmons Jonathan Kimble Simmons (born January 9, 1955) is an American actor and voice actor. In television, he is perhaps best known for playing Dr. Emil Skoda on the NBC series \"\"Law & Order\"\", Vernon Schillinger on the HBO series \"\"Oz\"\" and Assistant Police Chief Will Pope on TNT's \"\"The Closer\"\". Since 2017, he has starred as Howard Silk in", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 27 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14192058", "chunk_text": "\"Jimmy Smits\"\nto Cancer. Smits also received the Ackerman Leadership Award for his work \"\"championing bilingual and bicultural mental health and social services for Latino families.\"\" Jimmy Smits Jimmy Smits (born July 9, 1955) is an American actor. He played attorney Victor Sifuentes on the 1980s legal drama \"\"L.A. Law\"\", NYPD Detective Bobby Simone on the 1990s police drama \"\"NYPD Blue\"\", and Matt Santos on the 1999-2006 serial political drama \"\"The West Wing\"\". He also appeared as Bail Organa in the \"\"Star Wars\"\" prequel trilogy, and \"\"Rogue One\"\", and as ADA Miguel Prado in \"\"Dexter\"\". From 2012 to 2014, he joined the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 28 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9163925", "chunk_text": "\"James Spader\"\nJames Spader James Todd Spader (born February 7, 1960) is an American actor. He is best known for portraying eccentric characters in films such as the drama \"\"Sex, Lies, and Videotape\"\" (1989), the action science fiction film \"\"Stargate\"\" (1994), the controversial psychological thriller \"\"Crash\"\" (1996), and the erotic romance \"\"Secretary\"\" (2002). His best-known television roles are those of attorney Alan Shore in \"\"The Practice\"\" and its spin-off \"\"Boston Legal\"\" (for which he won three Emmy Awards), and Robert California in the comedy-mockumentary \"\"The Office\"\". He currently stars as high-profile criminal-turned-FBI-informant Raymond \"\"Red\"\" Reddington in the NBC crime drama \"\"The Blacklist\"\",", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 29 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15517846", "chunk_text": "\"Jack McCoy\"\nit resulted in him being declared a \"\"Living Landmark\"\" by the New York Landmarks Conservancy, along with fellow longtime series cast member Jerry Orbach (who portrayed the popular police detective Lennie Briscoe for 12 years). Jack McCoy brings 24 years of experience with him as he is appointed Executive Assistant District Attorney by Adam Schiff (Steven Hill) in the season five premiere episode \"\"Second Opinion\"\". He quickly establishes himself as a more unconventional, ruthless litigator than his predecessor, Ben Stone (Michael Moriarty). He often bends—and sometimes breaks—trial rules to get convictions, finds tenuous rationales for charging defendants with crimes when", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 30 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13422664", "chunk_text": "\"Jimmy Smits\"\nJimmy Smits Jimmy Smits (born July 9, 1955) is an American actor. He played attorney Victor Sifuentes on the 1980s legal drama \"\"L.A. Law\"\", NYPD Detective Bobby Simone on the 1990s police drama \"\"NYPD Blue\"\", and Matt Santos on the 1999-2006 serial political drama \"\"The West Wing\"\". He also appeared as Bail Organa in the \"\"Star Wars\"\" prequel trilogy, and \"\"Rogue One\"\", and as ADA Miguel Prado in \"\"Dexter\"\". From 2012 to 2014, he joined the main cast of \"\"Sons of Anarchy\"\" as Nero Padilla. Smits was born in Brooklyn, New York. \"\"Jimmy\"\" is the name which appears on his", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 31 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15877300", "chunk_text": "\"Michael B. Silver\"\nMichael B. Silver Michael Buchman Silver (born July 8, 1967) is an American actor. He is perhaps best known for his recurring role as Assistant District Attorney Leo Cohen in the television series \"\"NYPD Blue\"\". Silver was born in New York City, the brother of writer Amanda Silver and the grandson of Oscar-winning screenwriter Sidney Buchman. Silver is a graduate of Brown University. One of his earliest roles was in the 1993 film \"\"\"\". He had a major recurring stint on \"\"NYPD Blue\"\" which in turn also gave him his best-known role. He appeared in 31 episodes of the series.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 32 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6156544", "chunk_text": "\"Law & Order: Special Victims Unit (season 19)\"\nsort of environment.\"\" The entire main cast from the previous season returned. In August 2017, it was announced that Philip Winchester would reprise his role as Assistant State's Attorney Peter Stone from \"\"Chicago Justice\"\", appearing around the midpoint of the season. New show runner/executive producer Michael Chernuchin told \"\"Entertainment Weekly\"\" that Stone's character would be coming in as an antagonist and that he will be a foil for A.D.A. Barba (Raúl Esparza) this season; Stone's character isn't necessarily taking his [Barba's] job. \"\"There's more than one A.D.A. in New York [...] Philip will come in and he won't be the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 33 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10584738", "chunk_text": "\"Stanley Weisberg\"\nand Weisberg himself was parodied on \"\"Saturday Night Live\"\", where he was portrayed by Phil Hartman. The Menendez brothers were convicted in the second trial, and on July 2, 1996, Weisberg sentenced the two to life in prison without the possibility of parole. Weisberg retired from the judgeship in 2008. In the 2017 \"\"Law & Order True Crime\"\" depiction of the Menendez brothers trial, Weisberg was portrayed by Anthony Edwards. Stanley Weisberg Stanley Weisberg (born c. 1944) is a former prosecutor and Los Angeles County Superior Court judge known for presiding over the trials of the police officers charged with", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 34 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2198867", "chunk_text": "\"Kent Williams (actor)\"\nKent Williams (actor) Kent Williams (born December 27, 1950) is an American actor. Williams was born in Harlem, Manhattan, New York. He studied music and theatre at the State University of New York at Oswego, where he graduated in the class of 1973. He is known for his role as an Assistant District Attorney and, later, Special Prosecutor Lawrence D. Barrington in the television programs \"\"Mickey Spillane's Mike Hammer\"\", and \"\"The New Mike Hammer\"\". Williams reunited with Stacy Keach in 1997 when a new Mike Hammer syndicated television show was released under the title \"\"Mike Hammer, Private Eye\"\". This time", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 35 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5266353", "chunk_text": "\"Kim Greylek\"\nand that District Attorney Jack McCoy (Sam Waterston) let her leave immediately. After the departure of Diane Neal, who portrayed ADA Casey Novak from the fifth to ninth season of \"\"Law & Order: Special Victims Unit\"\", Michaela McManus was approached to replace her. McManus, who departed \"\"One Tree Hill\"\" for the role, was cast as a series regular in the capacity of Assistant District Attorney. On the casting, creator and executive producer of \"\"SVU\"\" Dick Wolf claimed, \"\"We look forward to [McManus] working with Neal [Baer], Ted [Kotcheff] and me to create another interesting and memorable character in the \"\"Law", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 36 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20117743", "chunk_text": "\"Rachel Mitchell\"\nquestioned Ford and Kavanaugh themselves. During the coverage of the hearing, CBS News described Mitchell as \"\"a career prosecutor with decades of experience prosecuting sex crimes\"\". Following the hearing, she issued a memorandum concluding a reasonable prosecutor would not file charges based on the evidence before the committee. The memo was criticized for drawing conclusions based on too little evidence. On September 29, 2018 and October 6, 2018, Mitchell was portrayed by actress Aidy Bryant in the Saturday Night Live opening sketch, and referred to in the \"\"Weekend Update\"\" segment. Mitchell was named the prosecutor of the year by her", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 37 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14267367", "chunk_text": "\"Blair Underwood\"\nBlair Underwood Blair Erwin Underwood (born August 25, 1964) is an American television, film, and stage actor and director. He played headstrong attorney Jonathan Rollins on the NBC legal drama \"\"L.A. Law\"\" for seven years. He has received two Golden Globe Award nominations, three NAACP Image Awards and one Grammy Award. In recent years, he has appeared as Andrew Garner on \"\"Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D.\"\", \"\"The New Adventures of Old Christine\"\", \"\"Dirty Sexy Money\"\" and \"\"In Treatment\"\", NBC's \"\"The Event\"\". , and ABC's Quantico. Underwood was born in Tacoma, Washington, the son of Marilyn Ann Scales, an interior decorator, and Frank", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 38 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4539946", "chunk_text": "\"Above Suspicion (Law & Order: Special Victims Unit)\"\na movie, a three-act movie.\"\" Including the guest stars from the finale, \"\"Rhodium Nights\"\", Paget Brewster was first cast in the season premiere openers as , who is the prosecutor on the murder case against Cragen. Brewster hires the SVU squad's interim captain, , portrayed by Adam Baldwin. Sue Simmons plays herself in this episode. Leight said, \"\"It’s a big scandal within the world we’ve created, there’s a dead hooker in the captain’s bed, and we go to a newscaster to help us understand the story,\"\" said show runner/executive producer Warren Leight, \"\"Sue opens the episode doing a news standup", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 39 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8707410", "chunk_text": "\"Philip Winchester\"\nShadow Warfare (2013), Series 5: Legacy (2015), which aired on Sky1 in the UK and Cinemax in the US. The series follows the adventures of two Section 20 agents, Sgt. Michael Stonebridge (Winchester) and American former Delta Force officer Damien Scott (Sullivan Stapleton). He also starred with Wesley Snipes and Charity Wakefield in the NBC drama \"\"The Player\"\". He also starred in \"\"Chicago Justice\"\" as lead prosecutor Peter Stone. This character then became the Assistant District Attorney (ADA) on \"\"\"\" during season 19 after the Former (ADA) Rafael Barba (Raúl Esparza) resigned. Philip Winchester Philip C. Winchester (born March 24,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 40 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15934804", "chunk_text": "\"Law & Order: Criminal Intent (season 8)\"\nNew York City Police Department's Major Case Squad, which investigates high-profile murder cases. Season eight starred Vincent D'Onofrio as Detective Robert Goren, Kathryn Erbe as Detective Alexandra Eames, Julianne Nicholson as Detective Megan Wheeler, and Eric Bogosian as Captain Danny Ross. Jeff Goldblum joined the cast as Detective Zack Nichols. The season was executive produced by the following teams: Walon Green and Michael Chernuchin; Ed Zuckerman and Tim Lea; Dick Wolf and Peter Jankowski; and Norberto Barba, Diana Son, Julie Martin, and Arthur W. Forney. \"\"Law & Order: Criminal Intent\"\" is the third series in the crime drama \"\"Law &", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 41 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13701485", "chunk_text": "\"D. B. Woodside\"\nSeptember 2009. D. B. Woodside David Bryan \"\"D.B.\"\" Woodside (born July 25, 1969) is an American actor, perhaps best known for his portrayal of the White House Chief of Staff (and later President) Wayne Palmer on the Fox action/drama series \"\"24\"\". Additionally, he is noted for his roles as the bass singer Melvin Franklin in the NBC miniseries \"\"The Temptations\"\", and starring as Robin Wood on the WB/UPN series \"\"Buffy the Vampire Slayer\"\" in their seventh season, as Malcolm Franks in \"\"Single Ladies\"\", and as Dr. Joseph Prestridge on \"\"Parenthood\"\". He played SEC Prosecutor Jeff Malone in the fourth season", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 42 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19738518", "chunk_text": "\"J. K. Simmons\"\nJ. K. Simmons Jonathan Kimble Simmons (born January 9, 1955) is an American actor and voice actor. In television, he is perhaps best known for playing Dr. Emil Skoda on the NBC series \"\"Law & Order\"\", Vernon Schillinger on the HBO series \"\"Oz\"\" and Assistant Police Chief Will Pope on TNT's \"\"The Closer\"\". Since 2017, he has starred as Howard Silk in the Starz series \"\"Counterpart\"\". His film roles include J. Jonah Jameson in Sam Raimi's \"\"Spider-Man\"\" trilogy and music instructor Terence Fletcher in 2014's \"\"Whiplash\"\". He is known for voicing Cave Johnson in the video game \"\"Portal 2\"\" (2011),", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 43 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4308487", "chunk_text": "\"Michael Moriarty\"\nRight\"\" Moriarty writes that he was a \"\"very bad drunk\"\", but that as of February 1, 2004, he had been sober for three years. Michael Moriarty Michael Moriarty (born April 5, 1941) is an American-Canadian stage and screen actor and jazz musician. He received an Emmy Award and Golden Globe Award for his first acting role on American television as a Nazi SS officer in the 1978 mini-series \"\"Holocaust\"\", and he played Executive Assistant District Attorney Benjamin Stone for the first four seasons (1990–1994) on the television show \"\"Law & Order.\"\" Moriarty is also known for his roles in films", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 44 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20536251", "chunk_text": "\"Michelle Hurd\"\nin the second season of \"\"Daredevil\"\" as Samantha Reyes, a corrupt district attorney overseeing the prosecution of Frank Castle. Hurd had debuted the role in the season 1 finale of \"\"Jessica Jones\"\". On April 26, 2018, Michelle Hurd spoke in a panel for World Intellectual Property Day with a theme of celebrating the creative output of women. In 2007, Hurd married actor Garret Dillahunt. Michelle Hurd Michelle Hurd (born December 21, 1966) is an American actress. She is perhaps best known for her role as NYPD Detective Monique Jeffries in the first and second season of the television series \"\"\"\".", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 45 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5430381", "chunk_text": "\"One (Law & Order: Criminal Intent)\"\ncop.\"\" Courtney B. Vance plays Assistant District Attorney Ron Carver, a graduate of John Jay College of Criminal Justice. Jamey Sheridan was the last actor to be cast in a main role, taking the part of James Deakins, a \"\"seasoned\"\" NYPD Captain. In a recurring role, Leslie Hendrix appeared as Assistant Chief Medical Examiner Elizabeth Rodgers, the same character she had played in the other two series, but Hendrix left \"\"Law & Order: Special Victims Unit\"\" in its second season to be replaced by soap opera star Tamara Tunie who portrayed Medical Examiner Melinda Warner from then on. Hendrix remained", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 46 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15874917", "chunk_text": "\"Law & Order (franchise)\"\nfollows the cases investigated by Olivia Benson (Mariska Hargitay) and her Manhattan Special Victims Unit colleagues. The show's focus is on detectives who investigate sexually based crimes and crimes against children, the elderly, and women. As of the start of season twenty, these detectives include Kelli Giddish, Ice-T, and Peter Scanavino. Philip Winchester stars as his \"\"Chicago\"\" character Peter Stone. \"\"Criminal Intent\"\" focuses on high-profile cases investigated by the Major Case Squad, with special focus on the actions of the criminals pursued, often including scenes from the victim's or perpetrator's lives not involving the police, thereby giving a hint as", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 47 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2492496", "chunk_text": "\"Jonathan Groff\"\nAward for Best Musical Theater Album. Groff was also known for his television appearances, such as Ian Todd in the Starz political drama \"\"Boss\"\", lead-character Patrick Murray in the HBO comedy-drama series \"\"Looking\"\", and its subsequent series finale television film, \"\"\"\", and the recurring role of Jesse St. James in the Fox musical-comedy series \"\"Glee\"\". In 2013, he voiced the role of Kristoff in Walt Disney Animation Studios' 2013 film \"\"Frozen\"\". Since 2017, Groff stars as FBI Special Agent Holden Ford in the Netflix period crime drama \"\"Mindhunter\"\". Groff was born in Lancaster, Pennsylvania, to Julie (née Witmer), a physical", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 48 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5125003", "chunk_text": "\"The Masked Prosecutor\"\nStreet which caused one killed and three injured but was released due to lack of evidence, and Leung Siu-chueng (Wayne Lai), director of Yun Man Industry Limited who was acquitted from a rape charge because the jury believed the accuser was having too much sex fantasies. The Masked Prosecutor's punishment involves forcing his detainees to listen to Hindu Buddhist chanting music, whipping them with a cane and tattooing a number on their arm for them to remember their chronological order of his being his deatinee before tossing them outside the police station. Officer Wah Kai-lun (Jordan Chan) was assigned to", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 49 } ]
test_3555	in which year was led zepplin refused entry into singapore because the band members had long hair?	n/a	[ "1972" ]	[]	n/a	n/a	n/a	[]	[ { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8197164", "chunk_text": "\"Long hair in Singapore\"\nat government facilities. Long-haired male foreigners entering the country were requested to leave. Among others, the Bee Gees, Kitarō, and Led Zeppelin all were forced to cancel their gigs in Singapore because they refused to accommodate the policy. The ban caused repercussions for the country after its introduction, straining ties between Singapore and other countries. Prime Minister of Singapore Lee Kuan Yew even had to cancel a business trip owing to heavy protests by a few individuals affected by the ban. It was finally lifted in the 1990s. In 2013, local newspaper \"\"The Straits Times\"\" included the ban in its", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 0 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14620330", "chunk_text": "\"Long hair in Singapore\"\napplied to men, a handful of female schoolchildren in Singapore were reported to have had their long hair forcefully cut short after being warned countless times. In justification, the school's principal, who was responsible for cutting their hair, claimed that she was following the law. Japanese entertainer Kitarō was forced to cancel his 1984 gig in Singapore because of his long hair, which he refused to cut. Similarly, Cliff Richard, Led Zeppelin and the Bee Gees were all supposed to perform in Singapore at different points in time but left because of the ban. The ban is frequently mentioned in", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 1 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14620331", "chunk_text": "\"Long hair in Singapore\"\nbooks about Singapore, to exemplify the fact about it being strict in terms of discipline. In 1982, Australian rock band Little River Band released the song \"\"Down On The Border\"\", in which a reference to the ban on long hair is made in the lyrics \"\"And I never will go to Singapore/The people there will cut your hair/In Singapore\"\". The ban has been compared with Singapore's ban on chewing gum. In November 2013, \"\"The Straits Times\"\" listed it as one of the fifty items relating to Singapore's history. Long hair in Singapore A ban on long hair once existed in", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 2 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13899313", "chunk_text": "\"Led Zeppelin Australasian Tour 1972\"\nLed Zeppelin Australasian Tour 1972 Led Zeppelin's 1972 Australasian Tour was the only concert tour of Australia and New Zealand by the English rock band. The tour commenced on 16 February and concluded on 29 February 1972. (Led Zeppelin's guitarist Jimmy Page had earlier toured Australia with The Yardbirds in January 1967). The original plan for this tour was for the group to stop off en route at Singapore for a concert on 14 February, but the local authorities refused their entry due to local laws banning males from wearing long hair. Led Zeppelin received generally good press coverage for", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 3 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14620328", "chunk_text": "\"Long hair in Singapore\"\nother possible consequences also remained. The ban also applied not just to the locals, but also the foreigners, visiting or working. It was officially lifted in the 1990s. In August 1970, Prime Minister of Singapore Lee Kuan Yew had to cancel his official business trip to Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia to handle the uproar caused by the apprehension of three long-haired youths from Malaysia, which many found to be controversial and unjustified. Lee organised a press conference, where he formally apologised to the affected parties. Long-haired male tourists attempting to enter Singapore were made to visit the barber or leave the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 4 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8197163", "chunk_text": "\"Long hair in Singapore\"\nLong hair in Singapore A ban on long hair once existed in Singapore. In the 1960s, a Singapore government policy forbidding any male to sport long hair went into effect. This was in response to the growing popularity of the hippie subculture worldwide; the government deemed such an influence to be negative and detrimental to the country's development. The consequences for defying the long hair ban varied from getting fined to having one's hair being forcefully cut short. Additionally, it was ordered by the government that long-haired males be given the lowest priority when it came to requesting for help", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 5 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13899316", "chunk_text": "\"Led Zeppelin Australasian Tour 1972\"\nduring the tour. Led Zeppelin Australasian Tour 1972 Led Zeppelin's 1972 Australasian Tour was the only concert tour of Australia and New Zealand by the English rock band. The tour commenced on 16 February and concluded on 29 February 1972. (Led Zeppelin's guitarist Jimmy Page had earlier toured Australia with The Yardbirds in January 1967). The original plan for this tour was for the group to stop off en route at Singapore for a concert on 14 February, but the local authorities refused their entry due to local laws banning males from wearing long hair. Led Zeppelin received generally good", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 6 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14620329", "chunk_text": "\"Long hair in Singapore\"\ncountry. Those who took the latter option were barred from re-entering the country for months even if they already got their hair cut. In 1972, a few protesting Australian tourists reportedly urged the masses to boycott Singapore. The Australian High Commission took note of their dissatisfaction, and promptly made a formal inquiry into the incident, though admitting that it was not its prerogative to complain about it. In 1974, 8,172 male government workers were called up for having long hair. Some eleven of them were dished a fine, whilst four others left the government. Although the ban by right only", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 7 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3183490", "chunk_text": "\"Pretty Things\"\nGermany and the Netherlands. Their appearance and behaviour was provocative, with May claiming to have the longest hair in the UK and Prince often causing chaos wherever he went. The band later blamed their lack of success in the US on the fact their management opted for a tour of the Southern Hemisphere in July-August 1965. During their two weeks in New Zealand, they caused so much outrage in the media that the New Zealand Parliament addressed the issue of granting entry permits to musicians like The Pretty Things. The band was never actually banned from re-entering New Zealand, contrary", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 8 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8197165", "chunk_text": "\"Long hair in Singapore\"\nlist of fifty objects identifiable to Singapore. The hippie (also spelt as hippy) subculture movement arose in the United States in the 1960s. Other countries were quick to pick up this youth movement. Among other traits, hippies were supposed to sport long hair. Hippies in the West were said to consume great amounts of illegal drugs. The Singapore Government opined that so-called hippies were negative influences for Singaporeans capable of \"\"corrupting\"\" their minds and \"\"polluting\"\" the country's society. Adopting an anti-hippy stance, the government introduced an official policy dissuading males from having long hair. In the first few years after", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 9 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15106076", "chunk_text": "\"Led Zeppelin\"\nhair, clingy T-shirts and bluesman hair of Jack White of the White Stripes, and Kasabian guitarist Sergio Pizzorno's silk scarves, trilbies and side-laced tight jeans. Led Zeppelin have collected many honours and awards throughout the course of their career. They were inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in 1995, and the UK Music Hall of Fame in 2006. Among the band's awards are an American Music Award in 2005, and the Polar Music Prize in 2006. Led Zeppelin were the recipient of a Grammy Lifetime Achievement Award in 2005, and four of their recordings have been inducted", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 10 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7622337", "chunk_text": "\"Hair (Hair song)\"\nband Zen reached the top of the Dutch Top 40 in January 1969. Citations Sources Notes Hair (Hair song) \"\"Hair\"\" is the title song to the 1968 musical \"\"Hair\"\" and the 1979 film adaptation of the musical. The musical’s title song begins as character Claude slowly croons his reason for his long hair, as tribe-mate Berger joins in singing they deem they \"\"don’t know.\"\" They lead the tribe, singing \"\"Give me a head with hair,\"\" \"\"as long as God can grow it,\"\" listing what they want in a head of hair and their uses for it. Later the song takes", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 11 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9177441", "chunk_text": "\"Flag of Singapore\"\nnational flag made of hair at the Esplanade - Theatres on the Bay. Lee felt the use of hair to create the nation's flag meant that the flag was in the wrong colours, and was distasteful. Also in 2003, The Rolling Stones performed in Singapore as part of their 2002/2003 Licks World Tour. At the first performance, there were two inflatable dolls on stage. Both of the dolls had flags placed in their crotch area; one had the Rolling Stones logo and the other had a Singapore flag. Because of the illegal use of the state flag, and for fear", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 12 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "43703", "chunk_text": "\"Led Zeppelin North American Tour 1971\"\nYork City, Toronto and Boston, as the bootlegs of these concerts attest. Before this tour, Robert Plant shaved off his beard, a style which he and the rest of his bandmates had adopted the year before. John Paul Jones followed suit a month later. However, Jones would later grow a beard in late 1972 and keep it until March 1973, and then have a mustache for part of the 1973 North American Tour, and also have a beard from late 1975 to early 1977. It was on this tour that the notorious \"\"Folding Chair Incident\"\" took place. On August 26,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 13 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1171260", "chunk_text": "\"2000s (decade)\"\n10 December 2007 English rock band Led Zeppelin reunited for the one-off Ahmet Ertegun Tribute Concert at The O2 Arena in London. According to Guinness World Records 2009, Led Zeppelin set the world record for the \"\"Highest Demand for Tickets for One Music Concert\"\" as 20 million requests for the reunion show were rendered online. Fashion trends of the decade drew much inspiration from 1960s, 1970s and 1980s styles. Hair styles included the bleached and spiked hair for boys and men and long and straight hair for girls and women continued, as well as many other hairstyles from the mid-late", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 14 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18916842", "chunk_text": "Un-Led-Ed\nUn-Led-Ed Un-Led-Ed is the debut album by Dread Zeppelin. Released in 1990, the album received a public endorsement by Led Zeppelin vocalist, Robert Plant, who claimed he preferred Dread Zep's version of \"\"Your Time Is Gonna Come\"\" to Led Zeppelin's original. Initial recording sessions for the album took place exclusively at The Chapel in Encino, California in 1989. Co-producer, Rasta Li-Mon (R. Lee Manning) was the house engineer for owner, Dave Stewart of Eurythmics. The first sessions yielded two vinyl 45 singles, \"\"Immigrant Song\"\" b/w \"\"Hey Hey What Can I Do\"\" and \"\"Whole Lotta Love\"\" b/w \"\"Tour-Telvis: A Bad Trip\"\".", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 15 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18774712", "chunk_text": "\"Hair (musical)\"\n\"\"Hair\"\" to be produced in a communist country. The show, translated into Serbian, was directed by female producer-director Mira Trailović at the Atelje 212 theatre. It featured Dragan Nikolić, Branko Milićević, Seka Sablić and Dušan Prelević. Over four years, the production received 250 performances and was attended by president Tito. Local references in the script included barbs aimed at Mao Zedong as well as Albania, Yugoslavia's traditional rival. By 1970, \"\"Hair\"\" was a huge financial success, and nineteen productions had been staged outside of North America. In addition to those named above, these included productions in Scandinavia, South America, Italy,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 16 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5432499", "chunk_text": "\"Led Zeppelin Australasian Tour 1972\"\nthis tour and black-and-white footage of some of their concert at Sydney on 27 February, along with a press party, were filmed by the Australian Broadcasting Corporation and shown to a national audience. Some of this footage was later made available on the \"\"Led Zeppelin DVD\"\", released in 2003. Part way through this tour, Jimmy Page shaved off his trademark beard, a look he adopted nearly two years before while recording \"\"Led Zeppelin III\"\". He had the beard at Led Zeppelin's concert in Melbourne 20 February, but is clean shaven at the band's press party two days later. Page would", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 17 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5898593", "chunk_text": "\"Music of Singapore\"\nIndia and the records then sent back for sale. It was a centre of Malay popular culture where Malay stars such as P. Ramlee were based, but after Singapore independence in 1965, the Malay music industry began to shift to Kuala Lumpur. In the 1960s, local bands in Singapore were inspired by Western groups such as Blue Diamonds, Cliff Richard & the Shadows, and The Beatles. Popular groups of the period included The Crescendos who performed in English with hit songs like \"\"Mr Twister\"\", The Quests who had hits like \"\"Shanty\"\", \"\"Don't Play That Song\"\", \"\"Jesamine\"\" and \"\"Mr Rainbow\"\", as", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 18 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18957470", "chunk_text": "\"The Beatles' 1966 tour of Germany, Japan and the Philippines\"\nan \"\"armed military camp\"\". Aside from a heavy army presence, hundreds of irate citizens lined the path into the terminal building, where they harassed and jostled the tour party as each member walked by. Inside the terminal, on the instructions of Willy Jurado, the airport manager, the escalators had been turned off, and the band and their entourage were denied any assistance with musical instruments, amplifiers and luggage. The crowd from outside the building were then permitted into a glass-walled observation area, from which they continued their haranguing of the Beatles. The tour party moved into a large departure lounge,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 19 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1380437", "chunk_text": "\"The Plastic People of the Universe\"\n\"\"Sgt. Pepper's Lonely Hearts Club Band\"\"), which was released in France in 1978. In 1974, thousands of people traveled from Prague to the town of České Budějovice to visit the Plastics' performance. Stopped by police, they were sent back to Prague, and several students were arrested. The band was forced underground until the Velvet Revolution in 1989. Unable to perform openly, an entire underground cultural movement formed around the band during the 1970s. The sympathizers of the movement were often called \"\"máničky\"\", mainly due to their long hair. In 1976, the Plastics and other people from the underground scene were", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 20 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17263434", "chunk_text": "\"Censorship in Singapore\"\nfor a term not exceeding 2 years. The Act further defines a \"\"party political film\"\" as any film or video Since March 2009, the Films Act has been amended to allow party political films as long as they were deemed factual and objective by a consultative committee. Some months later, this committee lifted the ban on Singapore Rebel. In 1963, Singapore banned the hit song \"\"Puff, the Magic Dragon\"\", fearing that it referenced marijuana. Janet Jackson's albums \"\"Velvet Rope\"\" and \"\"All For You\"\" were also banned due to homosexual and sexually explicit themes that the BPAA found \"\"not acceptable to", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 21 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2656113", "chunk_text": "\"The Twilights\"\nthe Hoadley's Battle of the Sounds, emerging as winners from a field of more than 500 groups. They were awarded bonus points for sound, originality, presentation and audience reaction. The competition rule which set maximum group membership at five meant that Paddy McCartney (half of the band's twin lead vocal line-up) had to sit out for the band's winning performance, but he returned to the stage for the winner's encore. The competition first prize was a trip to the UK on the Sitmar cruise line and on 26 September 1966, the group embarked for London on the passenger liner \"\"Castel", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 22 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1178386", "chunk_text": "\"Led Zeppelin – The 1980s, Part One\"\nPlant had become averse to touring America with the band. His reluctance to do so persisted despite the success of the \"\"In Through the Out Door\"\" album and the band's return to the stage at the 1979 Knebworth Festival after a two-year absence. Following the conclusion of Led Zeppelin's successful Tour Over Europe 1980, however, Plant had a change of heart and informed Led Zeppelin's manager Peter Grant that he was willing to undertake an American tour with the band in the autumn of 1980. According to writer Mick Wall, though, Grant had been concerned about the band's lengthy absence", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 23 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15106024", "chunk_text": "\"Led Zeppelin\"\nas a US single in November 1970 against the band's wishes, reaching the top twenty on the \"\"Billboard\"\" chart. During the 1970s, Led Zeppelin reached new heights of commercial and critical success that made them one of the most influential groups of the era, eclipsing their earlier achievements. The band's image also changed as the members began to wear elaborate, flamboyant clothing, with Page taking the lead on the flamboyant appearance by wearing a glittering moon-and-stars outfit. Led Zeppelin changed their show by using things such as lasers, professional light shows and mirror balls. They began travelling in a private", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 24 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2771534", "chunk_text": "\"Jo Jo Zep & The Falcons\"\nthe Montreux Jazz & Blues Festival. In July 1980, the band had been the opening act at the Oakland Coliseum, in San Francisco, supporting Journey, Black Sabbath and Cheap Trick. Camilleri told a hostile audience, which was throwing objects (including eggs) at the group, \"\"Is it any wonder your parents lost the Vietnam War – you can't even shoot straight!\"\" After the international experience, the band started to lose some of its impetus. Back home, the singles continued with \"\"Shape I'm In\"\", \"\"Puppet on a String\"\", \"\"I Will Return\"\". In August 1980, the band issued the album \"\"Hats Off Step", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 25 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19549386", "chunk_text": "\"Zdravko Čolić\"\nof its promotion cycle, the album sold more than 700,000 copies and with later re-releases during the 1990s went over the million mark. Čolić also got the attention of Ziggy Loch, director of German WEA, who after watching the Belgrade concert immediately wanted to renew his contract. Singles with songs \"\"Jedina\"\" and \"\"Zagrli me\"\" were released for the German market as well as the disco single \"\"I'm Not a Robot Man\"\" / \"\"Light Me\"\". However, Čolić refused to move to Germany for the second time, and instead on 14 November 1978 went to serve his mandatory Yugoslav Army stint. Twenty", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 26 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8197166", "chunk_text": "\"Long hair in Singapore\"\nthe policy's introduction, the consequences for not abiding by it were relatively mild: long-haired males spotted by the police were forced to cut it short. In addition, should they have been civil servants, they were at risk of losing their livelihoods or, if lucky, receive a strict warning for \"\"flouting discipline\"\". Lastly, any male with long hair was automatically given the lowest priority at government facilities. Posters outside these places proclaimed, \"\"Males with long hair will be attended to last\"\". In 1976, long-haired men in Singapore who worked for the government started to get fined a sum of S$200. The", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 27 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14444708", "chunk_text": "\"Zen (Dutch band)\"\nZen (Dutch band) Zen was a Dutch rock band, founded by Siegfried 'Siebe' de Jong (vocals and saxophone) and Dirk van der Ploeg (guitar and vocals) in 1965. Van der Ploeg wrote the lyrics, music and arrangements. The hippie-oriented one hit wonder band hit the top spot on the Dutch Top 40 singles chart in January 1969, with their version of the theme from the musical \"\"Hair\"\". Their only other single to enter the Dutch Top 40 was \"\"Get Me Down\"\", it peaked at #26 in 1969. After various line-up changes, the band dissolved in 1977. In the 1980s the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 28 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7610385", "chunk_text": "\"The Golden Cups\"\nThey released their first album, \"\"The Golden Cups Album\"\", in March 1968, and had their biggest pop hit, \"\"Nagai Kami No Shoujo\"\" (\"\"Girl With Long Hair\"\") soon afterwards. Kenneth Ito traveled to Hawaii in mid-1968, and was not allowed a visa to return to Japan. He was replaced by keyboard player Mickey Yoshino, in time to record the band's second album \"\"The Golden Cups Album Vol. 2\"\". This again featured covers of American pop hits like \"\"Woman, Woman\"\" alongside more adventurous numbers, producing what Julian Cope has called \"\"a schizophrenic stalemate\"\". Their next album was a live recording, \"\"Blues Message\"\",", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 29 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16985147", "chunk_text": "\"Ash Ra Tempel\"\n1971. This release is considered by critics to be a classic of the genre; Schulze temporarily departed for a solo career shortly after its release. \"\"Schwingungen\"\" (1972), \"\"Seven Up\"\" (with Timothy Leary) (1972), and \"\"Join Inn\"\" (1973) are all considered key works from the band. The pop-oriented 1973 album \"\"Starring Rosi\"\" was thus named because it featured lead vocals by Rosi Mueller. A reunion concert performance with the original line-up took place in Cologne on February 28, 1973. Later, after recording the soundtrack \"\"Le Berceau de Cristal\"\" (1975; unreleased until 1993) Ash Ra Tempel shortened its name to Ashra, making", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 30 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4071715", "chunk_text": "\"Disciplin A Kitschme\"\nNo, No\"\") featured lyrics from \"\"Marš na Drinu\"\" (\"\"March on the Drina\"\"), a Serbian patriotic World War I song. After the album release, for the first time in their history, the band were taken seriously by the media and the critics, however, drummer Krasavac left the band, moving to the United States, where he currently resides. In early 1987, the band celebrated the fifth anniversary and released a live album, \"\"Najlepši hitovi! Uživo!\"\" (\"\"Prettiest Hits! Live!\"\"), recorded on 3 and 4 November 1986 at the Belgrade club Akademija. The album, released by a major record label, PGP-RTB, was recorded with", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 31 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18429938", "chunk_text": "\"Focus (band)\"\npit band for the Dutch production of the rock musical \"\"Hair\"\". Their debut album \"\"Focus Plays Focus\"\" (1970) gained little attention, but their follow-up album \"\"Moving Waves\"\" (1971), and its lead single \"\"Hocus Pocus\"\", earned the band international recognition. Their success continued with \"\"Focus 3\"\" (1972) and \"\"Hamburger Concerto\"\" (1974), the former containing their second hit single, \"\"Sylvia\"\". After two additional albums recorded with various musicians, Focus dissolved in 1978. They reunited in 1985, 1990, 1998 and 2002. In 2002, van Leer reformed Focus with a new line-up. The albums \"\"Focus 8\"\" (2002), \"\"Focus 9 / New Skin\"\" (2006) and", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 32 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20441017", "chunk_text": "\"Chinese Democracy Tour\"\nInstrumental - When Johnny Comes Marching Home (Buckethead version) Instrumental - Whole Lotta Rosie (AC/DC cover, B-side of \"\"Welcome To The Jungle\"\" single) - Yo Ho (A Pirate's Life for Me) (Buckethead version) Instrumental - You Gotta Move (The Rolling Stones cover) Instrumental - You're A Mean One, Mr. Grinch (Thurl Ravenscroft cover) - Ziggy Stardust (David Bowie cover) Instrumental Chinese Democracy Tour The Chinese Democracy Tour was a worldwide concert tour by hard rock band Guns N' Roses to promote the group's long-delayed album \"\"Chinese Democracy\"\". The tour began in 2001. That year the band played three U.S. dates", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 33 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "259421", "chunk_text": "\"A Flock of Seagulls\"\nwas also their first release in the U.S. In 1982, the group's fourth single 'I Ran (So Far Away)', produced by Mike Howlett, the former bass player of the band Gong, became a worldwide hit, reaching number 1 in Australia and the Top 10 in both the US and New Zealand. Their debut album and single 'Space Age Love Song' were both successful. In late 1982, the band finally found major success in their home country with 'Wishing (If I Had a Photograph of You)', the first single from their next album \"\"Listen\"\", which reached the Top 10. Later, the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 34 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10780910", "chunk_text": "\"The Inchtabokatables\"\nThe Inchtabokatables The Inchtabokatables were a German band active from 1991 to 2002. The band only played on classical instruments (violins, cello, bass and drums). The band was known for their \"\"no guitar\"\" policy. Their style ranged from folk rock and Medieval rock to punk rock and on later albums even industrial. The Inchtabokatables were formed on February 7, 1991 in a pub in Berlin called \"\"Bärenschenke\"\". The founding members were \"\"B. Breuler\"\", \"\"B. Deutung\"\", \"\"Herr Jeh\"\", \"\"Franzi Underdrive\"\" and \"\"Kokolorus Mitnichten\"\". Before joining The Inchtabokatables, \"\"B. Deutung\"\" and \"\"Herr Jeh\"\" played together with Subway to Sally singer Eric Fish", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 35 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15797324", "chunk_text": "\"Zircon Lounge\"\nIn the same month, it was reported that the band had written 20 new songs using David Bowie's cut-up technique, and that lead guitarist Tan would soon return to England for his final year of studies. In June 1985, Zircon Lounge contributed two tracks, \"\"Guide These Hands\"\" and \"\"Lonely When Away From My Love\"\", to the WEA Records album \"\"Class Acts\"\". The album was a hit, selling more than 20,000 copies in Singapore. In March 1986, Zircon Lounge played the \"\"Let's Rock\"\" concert at the National Stadium with new members Chee Kee Chien (second guitar), Abdul Razak bin Mamat (drums)", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 36 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7992562", "chunk_text": "\"Kitarō\"\nKitaro international attention. In 1984, Kitaro embarked on a \"\"Live in Asia\"\" tour. Notably, he was forced to cancel a leg in Singapore because he had long hair and at that time the country had a policy banning it. He entered into a worldwide distribution arrangement with Geffen Records in 1985–1986. This included a re-releasing of six prior albums titled \"\"Ten Kai\"\" (aka \"\"Astral Voyage\"\"), \"\"Daichi\"\" (aka \"\"Full Moon Story\"\"), \"\"Millennia\"\", \"\"India\"\", \"\"Silver Cloud\"\" and \"\"Live in Asia\"\" (aka \"\"Asia\"\") (each packaged with Japanesque obi strips) as well as a new album, aptly titled \"\"Towards the West\"\". Due to his", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 37 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10719860", "chunk_text": "\"The Quests\"\nThe Quests The Quests was a Singaporean band. Some sources considered them the most successful Singapore band of the 1960s. In 1960, Chong Chow Pin (referred to by his nickname \"\"Jap\"\"), Raymond Leong, Henry Chua and Lim Wee Guan often listened to British music records featuring the electric guitar. Students of about 13 and 14 years old at the time, they were neighbours in the Tiong Bahru area. Inspired by music acts such as Cliff Richard and the Shadows, the four practised playing popular songs. While they did not have formal training in playing instruments or reading music, they acquired", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 38 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17564029", "chunk_text": "\"The Beatles' 1966 tour of Germany, Japan and the Philippines\"\nhappi coats bearing the JAL logo. Their attire was a publicity coup for the airline, who, recognising the value of being associated with the Beatles' financial success, had instructed one of its First Class flight attendants to ensure that the band emerged wearing these traditional Japanese coats. Faced with a wall of glaring lights, the four musicians believed they were waving to a throng of fans, as was usual when they arrived in a new country. In fact, they were surrounded by security personnel, and only twenty members of the public were present to witness their arrival.<ref name=\"\"Timeline/Mojo\"\">\"\"June 21–30, 1966\"\".", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 39 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12817582", "chunk_text": "\"Viel zu weit\"\nViel zu weit \"\"Viel zu weit\"\" (\"\"Much too far\"\") was the German entry in the Eurovision Song Contest 1993, performed in German by Münchener Freiheit. Münchener Freiheit had their breakthrough in Germany and neighbouring countries with the singles \"\"Ohne dich (schlaf' ich heut' nacht nicht ein)\"\" and \"\"Tausendmal du\"\" in 1986 and went on to have a series of Top 20 hits. Internationally they are best known for their 1988 recording \"\"Keeping the Dream Alive\"\" with the London Symphony Orchestra, a #14 hit in the UK in December of that year. The band released three English language albums, \"\"Romancing in", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 40 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1285858", "chunk_text": "\"Led Zeppelin (album)\"\npart of Led Zeppelin's live show throughout their early career, and became a vehicle for group improvisation, eventually stretching in length to over 30 minutes. The improvisation would sometimes include parts of another song, including the group's \"\"The Crunge\"\" and \"\"Walter's Walk\"\" (released later on \"\"Houses Of The Holy\"\" and \"\"Coda\"\", respectively), Joni Mitchell's \"\"Woodstock\"\" and Scott McKenzie's \"\"San Francisco (Be Sure to Wear Flowers in Your Hair)\"\". It was briefly dropped from the live set in 1975 after Page injured a finger, but was re-instated for the remainder of the tour. The last full live performance during Led Zeppelin's", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 41 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14444709", "chunk_text": "\"Zen (Dutch band)\"\nfirst incarnation of the band played some reunion concerts. Zen (Dutch band) Zen was a Dutch rock band, founded by Siegfried 'Siebe' de Jong (vocals and saxophone) and Dirk van der Ploeg (guitar and vocals) in 1965. Van der Ploeg wrote the lyrics, music and arrangements. The hippie-oriented one hit wonder band hit the top spot on the Dutch Top 40 singles chart in January 1969, with their version of the theme from the musical \"\"Hair\"\". Their only other single to enter the Dutch Top 40 was \"\"Get Me Down\"\", it peaked at #26 in 1969. After various line-up changes,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 42 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8412134", "chunk_text": "\"Led Zeppelin North American Tour Spring 1970\"\ncity of Memphis. However, this stint of concerts also featured many unsavoury crowd control problems, with the shows often descending into violent confrontations between young concert-goers and the police. The tour occurred at a time when civil tension was very high in the United States, with numerous demonstrations taking place against the Vietnam War. On occasion Led Zeppelin were refused service in restaurants and in Texas they had a gun pulled on them. Singer Robert Plant's observations of these disturbing events would prompt him to write some reflective lyrics for the song \"\"That's the Way\"\", which was composed just after", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 43 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1303551", "chunk_text": "\"Thijs van Leer\"\nLeer and Thijs van Leer and the Rebaptised. They also recorded several radio and television commercials. In November 1969 they were joined by guitarist Jan Akkerman, who had performed with the three on \"\"Sunset Sunkiss\"\", and settled on the name Focus, thus completing the first line-up of the band. From December 1969 to June 1970, the four were members of the pit band for the Dutch performance of the rock musical \"\"Hair\"\". Focus released their first album, \"\"Focus Plays Focus\"\", better known as its international title \"\"In and Out of Focus\"\", in August 1970. Van Leer became a prominent figure", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 44 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2049023", "chunk_text": "\"Flower Travellin' Band\"\nvarious upcoming artists such as Cream and Jimi Hendrix. Yuya wanted to introduce a similar sound to the Japanese, and formed the \"\"Flowers\"\" as a cover band with various group sounds musicians, and two vocalists; male singer Hiroshi Chiba and female singer Remi Aso. They released the album \"\"Challenge!\"\" in 1968, featuring covers of songs by Jimi Hendrix, Cream, Jefferson Airplane and Big Brother and the Holding Company, in addition to an original song. The cover caused a stir in the Japanese media as it depicted each member posing naked. In 1969, after the release of the album; Remi Aso", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 45 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9291451", "chunk_text": "\"Shin Jung-hyeon\"\nof these recordings featured Shin's trademark psychedelic soul sound. In 1972, the office of South Korean president Park Chung-hee asked Shin to write a song in praise of the president. Shin refused and instead wrote a 10-minute long song about the beauty of South Korea, called \"\"Beautiful Rivers and Mountains,\"\" which he recorded with his band at the time, Shin Joong Hyun & The Men. After the release of the song, police confiscated Shin's guitars and cut his long hair, which was banned at the time by the South Korean government. However, in 1974, his new band, Shin Joong Hyun", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 46 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8925269", "chunk_text": "\"Symphony Six\"\nSymphony Six The Symphony Six were a group of Canadian musicians under contract to the Toronto Symphony Orchestra (TSO) who were denied entry to the United States for a concert tour in November 1951. Coming at the height of the McCarthy era in the US, the six musicians – Ruth Budd, Dirk Keetbaas, William Kuinka, Abe Mannheim, John Moskalyk, and Steven Staryk – were denied visas on the suspicion of being involved in communist activities. The TSO sent other musicians in their place and completed its tour. The six musicians resumed playing with the orchestra upon its return to Canada.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 47 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2675129", "chunk_text": "\"The Beatles in Hamburg\"\nrecruited Best a few days before their departure. After breaking their contract by playing at another club, Harrison was deported for being underaged, and McCartney and Best were arrested and deported for attempted arson. The Beatles first met Astrid Kirchherr in Hamburg, who was instrumental in their adoption of the famous Beatle haircut. During their time in Hamburg, Sutcliffe decided to leave the group to continue his studies. In April 1962, less than a year after leaving the group, he suffered a brain hemorrhage and died as a result. Hamburg had once been Germany's main seaport, the fourth largest in", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 48 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2500346", "chunk_text": "\"Led Zeppelin North American Tour 1975\"\n1977 tour of North America. An image of Katharine Hepburn in \"\"Christopher Strong\"\" wearing her aviator's suit appeared on the tour poster. During this tour Led Zeppelin hired \"\"The Starship\"\" – a former United Airlines Boeing 720B passenger jet, to transport them between cities. This was the second and final time the band used this plane, having initially done so on their previous tour of North America in 1973. Towards the end of this tour, Lynette Alice \"\"Squeaky\"\" Fromme, a member of Charles Manson's \"\"Family\"\", confronted Danny Goldberg, vice-president of the band's record company demanding to speak with Jimmy Page", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 49 } ]
test_3556	when were the words under god added to the pledge?	n/a	[ "on Flag Day in 1954", "1954", "Flag Day in 1954" ]	[]	n/a	n/a	n/a	[]	[ { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17411962", "chunk_text": "\"Criticism of the Pledge of Allegiance\"\npledge violates any part of the Establishment Clause.\"\" Derek Gaubatz, Director of Litigation for the Becket Fund, said his group would appeal the decision \"\"if necessary to the Supreme Court to get that ruling reversed to secure the constitutionality of the pledge once and for all\"\". The words \"\"under God\"\" were added to the Pledge on June 14, 1954 when then U.S. President Dwight D. Eisenhower signed a bill into law. At the time, Eisenhower stated that \"\"From this day forward, the millions of our school children will daily proclaim in every city and town, every village and rural schoolhouse,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 0 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17904354", "chunk_text": "\"Pledge of Allegiance\"\nrecently, just a year before. He responded enthusiastically to Docherty in a conversation following the service. Eisenhower acted on his suggestion the next day and on February 8, 1954, Rep. Charles Oakman (R-Mich.), introduced a bill to that effect. Congress passed the necessary legislation and Eisenhower signed the bill into law on Flag Day, June 14, 1954. Eisenhower said: The phrase \"\"under God\"\" was incorporated into the Pledge of Allegiance on June 14, 1954, by a Joint Resolution of Congress amending § 4 of the Flag Code enacted in 1942. On October 6, 1954, the National Executive Committee of the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 1 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17904350", "chunk_text": "\"Pledge of Allegiance\"\nKnights of Columbus, the world's largest Catholic fraternal service organization, also began including the words \"\"under God\"\" in the Pledge of Allegiance. In New York City, on April 30, 1951, the board of directors of the Knights of Columbus adopted a resolution to amend the text of their Pledge of Allegiance at the opening of each of the meetings of the 800 Fourth Degree Assemblies of the Knights of Columbus by addition of the words \"\"under God\"\" after the words \"\"one nation.\"\" Over the next two years, the idea spread throughout Knights of Columbus organizations nationwide. On August 21, 1952,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 2 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18277728", "chunk_text": "\"Pledge of Allegiance\"\nnot confuse loyalties between their birth countries and the US. The words \"\"of America\"\" were added a year later. Congress officially recognized the Pledge for the first time, in the following form, on June 22, 1942: Louis Albert Bowman, an attorney from Illinois, was the first to suggest the addition of \"\"under God\"\" to the pledge. The National Society of the Daughters of the American Revolution gave him an Award of Merit as the originator of this idea. He spent his adult life in the Chicago area and was chaplain of the Illinois Society of the Sons of the American", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 3 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17904352", "chunk_text": "\"Pledge of Allegiance\"\npolicy for the entire nation. These attempts were eventually a success. At the suggestion of a correspondent, Representative Louis C. Rabaut (D-Mich.), of Michigan sponsored a resolution to add the words \"\"under God\"\" to the Pledge in 1953. Before February 1954, no endeavor to get the pledge officially amended had succeeded. The final successful push came from George MacPherson Docherty. Some American presidents honored Lincoln's birthday by attending services at the church Lincoln attended, New York Avenue Presbyterian Church by sitting in Lincoln's pew on the Sunday nearest February 12. On February 7, 1954, with President Eisenhower sitting in Lincoln's", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 4 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18277729", "chunk_text": "\"Pledge of Allegiance\"\nRevolution. At a meeting on February 12, 1948, he led the society in reciting the pledge with the two words \"\"under God\"\" added. He said that the words came from Lincoln's Gettysburg Address. Although not all manuscript versions of the Gettysburg Address contain the words \"\"under God\"\", all the reporters' transcripts of the speech as delivered do, as perhaps Lincoln may have deviated from his prepared text and inserted the phrase when he said \"\"that the nation shall, under God, have a new birth of freedom.\"\" Bowman repeated his revised version of the Pledge at other meetings. In 1951, the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 5 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7065579", "chunk_text": "\"George MacPherson Docherty\"\nin Huntingdon, Pennsylvania for a year. Several years later he would return again to Alexandria, Pennsylvania, near Huntingdon. Docherty died at his home in Alexandria on Thanksgiving Day, November 27, 2008. George MacPherson Docherty George MacPherson Docherty (May 9, 1911 – November 27, 2008) was a Scottish-born American Presbyterian minister and principal initiator of the addition of the words \"\"under God\"\" to the Pledge of Allegiance to the Flag of the United States. Docherty was born in Glasgow, Scotland in 1911. After graduation from Glasgow University and a three-year pastorate at Aberdeen's North Kirk, he set sail from Southampton to", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 6 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18277743", "chunk_text": "\"Pledge of Allegiance\"\nthe phrase \"\"under God\"\" violates protections against the establishment of religion guaranteed in the Establishment Clause of the First Amendment. In 2004, linguist Geoffrey Nunberg said the original supporters of the addition thought that they were simply quoting Lincoln's Gettysburg Address, but to Lincoln and his contemporaries, \"\"under God\"\" meant \"\"God willing\"\", so they would have found its use in the Pledge of Allegiance grammatically incorrect and semantically odd. Prominent legal challenges were brought in the 1930s and 1940s by Jehovah's Witnesses, a denomination whose beliefs preclude swearing loyalty to any power other than God, and who objected to policies", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 7 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7065574", "chunk_text": "\"George MacPherson Docherty\"\nGeorge MacPherson Docherty George MacPherson Docherty (May 9, 1911 – November 27, 2008) was a Scottish-born American Presbyterian minister and principal initiator of the addition of the words \"\"under God\"\" to the Pledge of Allegiance to the Flag of the United States. Docherty was born in Glasgow, Scotland in 1911. After graduation from Glasgow University and a three-year pastorate at Aberdeen's North Kirk, he set sail from Southampton to the United States in 1950. Docherty succeeded Peter Marshall as the pastor of the historic New York Avenue Presbyterian Church in Washington D.C., just a few blocks from the White House.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 8 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11544592", "chunk_text": "\"Louis C. Rabaut\"\nLouis C. Rabaut Louis Charles Rabaut (December 5, 1886 – November 12, 1961) was politician from the U.S. state of Michigan. He was a Democratic congressman representing Michigan's 14th congressional district from 1935 to 1947, and from 1949 to 1961. He is best known for introducing legislation that added the words \"\"under God\"\" to the Pledge of Allegiance. Louis Charles Rabaut, the grandson of immigrants from Kortrijk, West Flanders, Belgium was born in Detroit, Michigan to Louis Aloysius and Clara Lenau Reid Rabaut, who operated a wholesale toy and fireworks store. In 1911, he married Stella Marie Petz, with whom", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 9 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13515055", "chunk_text": "\"Separation of church and state\"\nreligion from American public life. Critics of the American Pledge of Allegiance have argued that the use of the phrase \"\"under God\"\" violates the separation of church and state. While the pledge was created by Francis Bellamy in 1891, in 1954, the Knights of Columbus, a Catholic organization, campaigned with other groups to have the words \"\"under God\"\" added to the pledge. On June 14, 1954, President Dwight Eisenhower signed the bill to make the addition. Since then, critics have challenged the existence of the phrase in the Pledge. In 2004, an atheist man challenged a Californian law which required", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 10 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11544595", "chunk_text": "\"Louis C. Rabaut\"\non the family dinner table.\"\" On April 20, 1953, prompted by a letter from Brooklyn resident H. Joseph Mahoney, Rabaut submitted a resolution to amend the Pledge of Allegiance with the words \"\"under God\"\". The practice had been adopted several years earlier by the Knights of Columbus. Rabaut's bill was the first of many similar efforts, culminating in Representative Charles Oakman and Senator Homer Ferguson's joint resolution in 1954. Speaking in support of the bill, Rabaut said: You may argue from dawn to dusk about differing political, economic, and social systems, but the fundamental issue which is the unbridgeable gap", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 11 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18277739", "chunk_text": "\"Pledge of Allegiance\"\nRabaut whose House Resolution 243 to add the phrase \"\"under God\"\" was signed into law on Flag Day, June 14, 1954. The composer, Irving Caesar, wrote and published over 700 songs in his lifetime. Dedicated to social issues, he donated all rights of the musical setting to the U.S. government, so that anyone can perform the piece without owing royalties. It was sung for the first time on the floor of the House of Representatives on Flag Day, June 14, 1955 by the official Air Force choral group the \"\"Singing Sergeants\"\". A July 29, 1955 House and Senate resolution authorized", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 12 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3015159", "chunk_text": "\"Criticism of the Pledge of Allegiance\"\nthree years later in \"\"West Virginia State Board of Education vs. Barnette,\"\" the Court reversed itself, voting 6–3 to \"\"forbid\"\" a school from requiring the Pledge. As a result, since 1943 public schools have been disallowed from punishing students for not reciting the Pledge. Nonetheless, it remains taught to and expected of school children in many schools, as the Court leaves many details in such matters up to respective state governments. More specific objections have been raised since the addition of the phrase \"\"under God\"\" to the Pledge. The year of its addition, 1954, was also near the beginning of", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 13 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17365181", "chunk_text": "\"Charles G. Oakman\"\nAuthority 1948-1954 and general manager 1955-1973. In 1952, Oakman defeated Democrat Martha W. Griffiths to be elected as a Republican from Michigan's 17th congressional district to the 83rd Congress, serving from January 3, 1953 to January 3, 1955 in the U.S. House. He was an unsuccessful candidate for reelection in 1954 to the 84th Congress, losing to Martha W. Griffiths. On February 8, 1954, Oakman introduced a bill to the U.S. House that would add the words \"\"under God\"\" to the Pledge of Allegiance. U.S. Senator from Michigan Homer S. Ferguson introduced the bill to the U.S. Senate. The bill", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 14 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18277735", "chunk_text": "\"Pledge of Allegiance\"\nAmerican Legion adopted a resolution, first approved by the Illinois American Legion Convention in August 1954, which formally recognized the Knights of Columbus for having initiated and brought forward the amendment to the Pledge of Allegiance. Even though the movement behind inserting \"\"under God\"\" into the pledge might have been initiated by a private religious fraternity and even though references to God appear in previous versions of the pledge, historian Kevin M. Kruse asserts that this movement was an effort by corporate America to instill in the minds of the people that capitalism and free enterprise were heavenly blessed. Kruse", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 15 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18277714", "chunk_text": "\"Pledge of Allegiance\"\nalteration of its wording came on Flag Day in 1954, when the words \"\"under God\"\" were added. Congressional sessions open with the recital of the Pledge, as do many government meetings at local levels, and meetings held by many private organizations. All states except Hawaii, Iowa, Vermont and Wyoming require a regularly scheduled recitation of the pledge in the public schools, although the Supreme Court has ruled in \"\"West Virginia State Board of Education v. Barnette\"\" that students cannot be compelled to recite the Pledge, nor can they be punished for not doing so. In a number of states, state", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 16 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9470140", "chunk_text": "\"Political activity of the Knights of Columbus\"\nphone banks and letter writing campaigns to oppose the measure, which would have diminished the Knights' ability to make charitable contributions. The Order was influential in the early stages of the movement that eventually led to the decision by the US Congress to add the phrase \"\"under God\"\" to the Pledge of Allegiance in 1954. Though others had proposed the idea before, the idea bubbled up in the order from Fourth Degree assemblies. In April 1951, the Supreme Board of Directors adopted a resolution directing the Fourth Degree to add the words to their recitations. The Knights were the first", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 17 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7065575", "chunk_text": "\"George MacPherson Docherty\"\nAbraham Lincoln routinely attended church there while president. It was customary for later presidents to attend New York Avenue Presbyterian Church on \"\"Lincoln Sunday,\"\" the Sunday nearest Lincoln's birthday, and sit in the pew that had been rented by Lincoln. When President Dwight Eisenhower attended on Lincoln Sunday, February 7, 1954, Docherty preached a sermon calling for the addition of \"\"under God\"\" to the Pledge. As a result of his sermon, the next day President Eisenhower and his friends in Congress began to set the wheels in motion to amend the Pledge of Allegiance to include the phrase. On February", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 18 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2011014", "chunk_text": "\"Pledge Protection Act\"\nof his daughter, promised to appeal to the Ninth Circuit Court of Appeals. The first decision of the Ninth Circuit was handed down on June 26, 2002, declaring that the words \"\"under God\"\" in the Pledge of Allegiance violated the Establishment Clause. The 'Pledge Protection Act' would be introduced into the House of Representatives for the first time on July 8, 2002, as part of the 107th Congress. Had the bill been successfully enacted into law, the decision of the Ninth Circuit would have stood, and the inclusion of \"\"under God\"\" in the Pledge remained unconstitutional. The law would have", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 19 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3015182", "chunk_text": "\"Criticism of the Pledge of Allegiance\"\npoints. The Court theorized that the Pledge might be constitutional if either the words \"\"under God\"\" inserted in 1954 had, due to the passage of time, lost their religious meaning by 1963, or if one equated a personal public declaration of loyalty with the act of reading a document created by a historical figure—\"\"This general principle might also serve to insulate the various patriotic exercises and activities used in the public schools and elsewhere which, whatever may have been their origins, no longer have a religious purpose or meaning. The reference to divinity in the revised pledge of allegiance, for", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 20 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16652056", "chunk_text": "\"Criticism of the Pledge of Allegiance\"\nDistrict of Columbia\"\" the controversy over the Court's rulings did not die out. On June 17, 1963, the same day that the \"\"Schempp\"\" case was decided, A. L. Wirin, an attorney for the American Civil Liberties Union, filed a lawsuit on behalf of Haswell Parker, a fifty-one-year-old high school history teacher. Parker, who \"\"said he did not belong to any church\"\", objected \"\"as a matter of personal conscience\"\" to the Los Angeles Board of Education's policy (instated in 1959) that made daily recitation of the pledge with the 1954 addition of the words \"\"under God\"\" mandatory. This action was decried", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 21 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17411927", "chunk_text": "\"Criticism of the Pledge of Allegiance\"\nthe Cold War anti-communist movement in the United States. In response to the June 14, 1954 Congressional change of the wording of the Pledge (found in U.S. Code, tit. 36 § 172) to include \"\"under God\"\", a series of lawsuits were filed in the New York State courts by Joseph L. Lewis challenging the constitutionality of the addition of the new phrase. Lewis was a publisher, writer, and co-founder of Freethinkers of America. As the cases involved Joseph Lewis desiring the Court to order the Commissioner of Education of The State of New York, James E. Allen, Jr. to remove", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 22 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1242899", "chunk_text": "\"United States national motto\"\ndifferentiate the United States from atheistic communism. Earlier, a 1954 act added the words \"\"under God\"\" to the Pledge of Allegiance. Some states also adopted mottos with religious overtones during this time, for example Ohio's \"\"With God, all things are possible\"\". The constitutionality of the modern national motto has been questioned with relationship to the separation of church and state outlined in the First Amendment. In 1970, in \"\"Aronow v. United States\"\", the United States Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit ruled that the motto does not violate the First Amendment to the Constitution. The United States Supreme Court", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 23 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18277715", "chunk_text": "\"Pledge of Allegiance\"\nflag pledges of allegiance are required to be recited after this. The United States Flag Code says: The Pledge of Allegiance, as it exists in its current form, was composed in August 1892 by Francis Bellamy (1855–1931), who was a Baptist minister, a Christian socialist, and the cousin of socialist utopian novelist Edward Bellamy (1850–1898). There did exist a previous version created by Captain George T. Balch, a veteran of the Civil War, who later became auditor of the New York Board of Education. Balch's pledge, which existed contemporaneously with the Bellamy version until the 1923 National Flag Conference, read:", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 24 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18277744", "chunk_text": "\"Pledge of Allegiance\"\nin public schools requiring students to swear an oath to the flag. They said requiring the pledge violated their freedom of religion guaranteed by the Free Exercise Clause of the First Amendment. The first case was in 1935, when two children, Lillian and William Gobitas, ages ten and twelve, were expelled from the Minersville, Pennsylvania, public schools that year for failing to salute the flag and recite the Pledge of Allegiance. In a 2002 case brought by atheist Michael Newdow, whose daughter was being taught the Pledge in school, the Ninth Circuit Court of Appeals ruled the phrase \"\"under God\"\"", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 25 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7506464", "chunk_text": "\"In God We Trust\"\nnational motto of the United States\"\". The resolution passed both the House and the Senate unanimously and without debate. The law was signed by President Eisenhower on July 30, 1956. The United States Code at , now states: \"\"'In God we trust' is the national motto.\"\" The same day, the President signed into law a requirement that \"\"In God We Trust\"\" be printed on all U.S. currency and coins. On paper currency, it first appeared on the silver certificate in 1957, followed by other certificates. Federal Reserve Notes and United States Notes were circulated with the motto starting from 1964", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 26 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16652074", "chunk_text": "\"Criticism of the Pledge of Allegiance\"\nGod\"\" is merely a ceremonial reference to history and not an affirmation of religious faith. Opponents contend that this contradicts the 1954 House Report of the legislators who inserted the \"\"under God\"\" phrase into the Pledge, which stated that the words \"\"under God\"\" served to \"\"acknowledge the dependence of our people and our Government upon the moral directions of the Creator.\"\" 154 U.S.C.A.A.N 2339, 2340. The plaintiff, Michael Newdow, an atheist, took issue with the phrase \"\"In God We Trust\"\" on the coins of American currency, believing that the phrase was a state-sponsored statement of religious faith—illegal under the separation", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 27 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17411963", "chunk_text": "\"Criticism of the Pledge of Allegiance\"\nthe dedication of our Nation and our people to the Almighty.\"\" The matter of the Pledge's constitutionality simmered for decades below the public eye. In 1992, the Chicago-based Seventh Circuit Court of Appeals decided the first challenge to the constitutionality of the words \"\"under God\"\", ruling in \"\"Sherman v. Community Consolidated School District 21\"\" that the use of the words \"\"under God\"\" in the Pledge did not violate the Establishment Clause. On June 26, 2002, in a case (\"\"Newdow v. United States Congress\"\") brought by an atheist father objecting to the Pledge being taught in his daughter's school, the Ninth", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 28 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18580998", "chunk_text": "\"Francis Bellamy\"\nthe pledge, see Pledge of Allegiance\"\"). In 1954, in response to the perceived threat of secular Communism, President Eisenhower encouraged Congress to add the words \"\"under God,\"\" creating the 31-word pledge that is recited today. Bellamy described his thoughts as crafted the language of the pledge: Bellamy \"\"viewed his Pledge as an 'inoculation' that would protect immigrants and native-born but insufficiently patriotic Americans from the 'virus' of radicalism and subversion.\"\" Bellamy was a Christian socialist who \"\"championed 'the rights of working people and the equal distribution of economic resources, which he believed was inherent in the teachings of Jesus.'\"\" In", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 29 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7506455", "chunk_text": "\"In God We Trust\"\napproved by President Dwight Eisenhower on July 30, 1956, declared \"\"In God We Trust\"\" must appear on American currency. This phrase was first used on paper money in 1957, when it appeared on the one-dollar silver certificate. The first paper currency bearing the phrase entered circulation on October 1, 1957. The 84th Congress later passed legislation (P.L. 84-851), also signed by President Eisenhower on July 30, 1956, declaring the phrase to be the national motto. Some groups and people have expressed objections to its use, citing its religious reference that violates the Establishment Clause of the First Amendment. These groups", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 30 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3071200", "chunk_text": "\"Michael Newdow\"\nPioneer Award. Michael Newdow Michael Arthur Newdow (born June 24, 1953) is an American attorney and emergency medicine physician. He is best known for his efforts to have recitations of the current version of the Pledge of Allegiance in public schools in the United States declared unconstitutional because of its inclusion of the phrase \"\"under God\"\". He also filed and lost a lawsuit to stop the invocation prayer at President Bush's second inauguration and in 2009 he filed a lawsuit to prevent references to God and religion from being part of President Obama's inauguration. Newdow is an atheist and an", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 31 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3601814", "chunk_text": "\"Jim McDermott\"\non the Act. This piece of legislation strengthened privacy and confidentiality of people already receiving care under the Act and modernized it by prohibiting cyberstalking as defined under the law. On April 28, 2004, Congressman McDermott omitted the phrase \"\"under God\"\" while leading the House in reciting the Pledge of Allegiance. The incident occurred after atheist Michael Newdow lost his court case to have the phrase \"\"under God\"\" dropped from the Pledge, and after McDermott had voted against a congressional resolution that called for overturning a court ruling that declared the phrase unconstitutional. In 1954, during the McCarthy era and", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 32 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19748827", "chunk_text": "\"Michael Newdow\"\nMichael Newdow Michael Arthur Newdow (born June 24, 1953) is an American attorney and emergency medicine physician. He is best known for his efforts to have recitations of the current version of the Pledge of Allegiance in public schools in the United States declared unconstitutional because of its inclusion of the phrase \"\"under God\"\". He also filed and lost a lawsuit to stop the invocation prayer at President Bush's second inauguration and in 2009 he filed a lawsuit to prevent references to God and religion from being part of President Obama's inauguration. Newdow is an atheist and an ordained minister", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 33 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4399690", "chunk_text": "\"Elk Grove Unified School District v. Newdow\"\nElk Grove Unified School District v. Newdow Elk Grove Unified School District v. Newdow, 542 U.S. 1 (2004), was a case decided by the U.S. Supreme Court. The lawsuit, originally filed as Newdow v. United States Congress, Elk Grove Unified School District, et al. in 2000, led to a 2002 ruling by the United States Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit that the words \"\"under God\"\" in the Pledge of Allegiance are an endorsement of religion and therefore violate the Establishment Clause of the First Amendment to the United States Constitution. After an initial decision striking the congressionally added", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 34 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11865098", "chunk_text": "\"In God We Trust\"\nIn God We Trust \"\"In God We Trust\"\" is the official motto of the United States of America, Nicaragua, and of the U.S. state of Florida. It was adopted as the United States' motto in 1956 as a replacement or alternative to the unofficial motto of \"\"E pluribus unum\"\", which was adopted when the Great Seal of the United States was created and adopted in 1782. \"\"In God We Trust\"\" first appeared on the two-cent piece in 1864 and has appeared on paper currency since 1957. A law passed in a Joint Resolution by the 84th Congress (P.L. 84-140) and", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 35 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17411925", "chunk_text": "\"Criticism of the Pledge of Allegiance\"\n\"\"under God\"\" in 1954, legal challenges were frequently founded on the basis of freedom of religion. Central to early challenges were Jehovah's Witnesses, a group whose beliefs preclude swearing loyalty to any power lesser than God. In the 1940 Supreme Court case \"\"Minersville School District vs. Gobitis\"\", an 8–1 majority in the Court held that a school district's interest in promoting national unity permitted it to require Witness students to recite the Pledge along with their class mates. \"\"Gobitis\"\" was an unpopular decision in the press, and it led to a rash of mob violence and intimidation against Jehovah's Witnesses;", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 36 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11865123", "chunk_text": "\"In God We Trust\"\nSchool District brought by a student of the district and the American Humanist Association that argued that the phrase \"\"under God\"\" in the Pledge of Allegiance created a climate of discrimination because it promoted religion, making non-believers \"\"second-class citizens\"\". He noted; \"\"As a matter of historical tradition, the words 'under God' can no more be expunged from the national consciousness than the words 'In God We Trust' from every coin in the land, than the words 'so help me God' from every presidential oath since 1789, or than the prayer that has opened every congressional session of legislative business since", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 37 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7506460", "chunk_text": "\"In God We Trust\"\nof additional legislation by the Congress. Such legislation was introduced and passed as the Coinage Act of 1864 on April 22, 1864, allowing the Secretary of the Treasury to authorize the inclusion of the phrase on one-cent and two-cent coins. An Act of Congress passed on March 3, 1865, allowed the Mint Director, with the Secretary's approval, to place the motto on all gold and silver coins that \"\"shall admit the inscription thereon\"\". In 1873, Congress passed the Coinage Act, granting that the Secretary of the Treasury \"\"may cause the motto IN GOD WE TRUST to be inscribed on such", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 38 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18277719", "chunk_text": "\"Pledge of Allegiance\"\nit to be recited in 15 seconds. As a socialist, he had initially also considered using the words \"\"equality\"\" and \"\"fraternity\"\" but decided against it, knowing that the state superintendents of education on his committee were against equality for women and African Americans. Francis Bellamy and Upham had lined up the National Education Association to support the \"\"Youth's Companion\"\" as a sponsor of the Columbus Day observance and the use in that observance of the American flag. By June 29, 1892, Bellamy and Upham had arranged for Congress and President Benjamin Harrison to announce a proclamation making the public school", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 39 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16652040", "chunk_text": "\"Criticism of the Pledge of Allegiance\"\nWar against the USSR which was officially atheistic. In addition, many Southern politicians saw these rulings, along with the concurrent decisions advancing racial Civil Rights, as an assault on State's Rights. In 1962 the United States Supreme Court addressed the question of whether a government led school prayer \"\"to be said in conjunction with the Pledge of Allegiance and 'as an incident to the Pledge of Allegiance ceremony was constitutional in the case \"\"Engel v. Vitale\"\". In the state's briefs, \"\"the insertion of the words 'under God' in the Pledge of Allegiance\"\" was cited as one of the \"\"literally countless", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 40 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18277752", "chunk_text": "\"Pledge of Allegiance\"\n'so help me God' from every presidential oath since 1789, or than the prayer that has opened every congressional session of legislative business since 1787.” Pledge of Allegiance The Pledge of Allegiance of the United States is an expression of allegiance to the flag of the United States and the republic of the United States of America. It was originally composed by Captain George Thatcher Balch, a Union Army Officer during the Civil War and later a teacher of patriotism in New York City schools. The form of the pledge used today was largely devised by Francis Bellamy in 1892,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 41 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18277713", "chunk_text": "\"Pledge of Allegiance\"\nPledge of Allegiance The Pledge of Allegiance of the United States is an expression of allegiance to the flag of the United States and the republic of the United States of America. It was originally composed by Captain George Thatcher Balch, a Union Army Officer during the Civil War and later a teacher of patriotism in New York City schools. The form of the pledge used today was largely devised by Francis Bellamy in 1892, and formally adopted by Congress as the pledge in 1942. The official name of \"\"The Pledge of Allegiance\"\" was adopted in 1945. The most recent", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 42 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3895086", "chunk_text": "\"History of atheism\"\nreinforce the view that atheists were unreliable and unpatriotic. Against this background, the words \"\"under God\"\" were inserted into the pledge of allegiance in 1954, and the national motto was changed from E Pluribus Unum to In God We Trust in 1956. However, there were some prominent atheist activists active at this time. Atheist Vashti McCollum was the plaintiff in a landmark 1948 Supreme Court case (\"\"McCollum v. Board of Education\"\") that struck down religious education in U.S. public schools. Madalyn Murray O'Hair was perhaps one of the most influential American atheists; she brought forth the 1963 Supreme Court case", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 43 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1242897", "chunk_text": "\"United States national motto\"\nUnited States national motto The modern motto of the United States of America, as established in a 1956 law signed by President Dwight D. Eisenhower, is \"\"In God We Trust\"\". The phrase first appeared on U.S. coins in 1864. The 1956 law was the first establishment of an official motto for the country, although E Pluribus Unum (\"\"from many, one\"\") was adopted by an Act of Congress in 1782 as the motto for the Seal of the United States and has been used on coins and paper money since 1795. A phrase similar to \"\"In God We Trust\"\" appears in", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 44 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17904369", "chunk_text": "\"Pledge of Allegiance\"\na ruling by a New Hampshire lower federal court which found that the pledge's reference to God does not violate non-pledging students' rights if student participation in the pledge is voluntary. A United States Supreme Court appeal of this decision was denied on June 13, 2011. In September 2013, a case was brought before the Massachusetts Supreme Judicial Court, arguing that the pledge violates the Equal Rights Amendment of the Constitution of Massachusetts. In May 2014, Massachusetts' highest court ruled that the pledge does not discriminate against atheists, saying that the words \"\"under God\"\" represent a patriotic, not a religious,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 45 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18277733", "chunk_text": "\"Pledge of Allegiance\"\npew, the church's pastor, George MacPherson Docherty, delivered a sermon based on the Gettysburg Address entitled \"\"A New Birth of Freedom.\"\" He argued that the nation's might lay not in arms but rather in its spirit and higher purpose. He noted that the Pledge's sentiments could be those of any nation: \"\"There was something missing in the pledge, and that which was missing was the characteristic and definitive factor in the American way of life.\"\" He cited Lincoln's words \"\"under God\"\" as defining words that set the US apart from other nations. President Eisenhower had been baptized a Presbyterian very", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 46 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6607033", "chunk_text": "\"Susan Jacoby\"\npeople tend to believe. She has cited as an example the pledge of allegiance, only written in 1892 and which did not include the expression 'Under God' until 1954. These words were added with the sole purpose of distinguishing the American government from the Soviet one, which was considered atheist. The influence of secularism in the Civil Rights Movement in the United States is another important subject for Jacoby. She believes that accepting the importance of secularism in the civil rights movement does not deny the role religion played in it, and while she has admitted that \"\"the driving force", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 47 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6692904", "chunk_text": "\"Religion in the United States\"\nparents and partners, Earth-centered/Wicca, and Buddhist meditation adherents. The First Amendment guarantees both the free practice of religion and the non-establishment of religion by the federal government (later court decisions have extended that prohibition to the states). The U.S. Pledge of Allegiance was modified in 1954 to add the phrase \"\"under God\"\", in order to distinguish itself from the state atheism espoused by the Soviet Union. Various American presidents have often stated the importance of religion. On February 20, 1955, President Dwight D. Eisenhower stated that \"\"Recognition of the Supreme Being is the first, the most basic, expression of Americanism.\"\"", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 48 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7506477", "chunk_text": "\"In God We Trust\"\na three-judge panel of the Ninth Circuit to remove both \"\"under God\"\" from the Pledge of Allegiance (\"\"Roe v. Rio Linda Union School District\"\"), and \"\"In God We Trust\"\" from United States currency. The Ninth Circuit rejected Newdow's challenge. In a decision published March 11, 2010, the court held that its earlier decision in \"\"Aronow\"\", which \"\"held the national motto is of a \"\"patriotic or ceremonial character,\"\" has no \"\"theological or ritualistic impact,\"\" and does not constitute \"\"governmental sponsorship of a religious exercise,\"\" foreclosed Newdow's argument. In an opinion concurring only in the judgment, even the extremely liberal Judge Stephen", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 49 } ]
test_3557	what was vietnam called in the years before world war 2?	n/a	[ "French Indochina" ]	[]	n/a	n/a	n/a	[]	[ { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4288204", "chunk_text": "Vietnam\nVietnam's independence from France under the new name of the Democratic Republic of Vietnam. In 1954, the Vietnamese declared victory in the battle of Điện Biên Phủ which took place between March and May 1954 and culminated in a major French defeat. Thereafter, Vietnam was divided politically into two rival states, North Vietnam (officially the Democratic Republic of Vietnam) and South Vietnam (officially the Republic of Vietnam). Conflict between the two sides intensified in what is known as the Vietnam War with heavy intervention by the United States on the side of South Vietnam from 1965 to 1973. The war", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 0 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18294796", "chunk_text": "\"South Vietnam\"\nLong in 1804. It is a variation of \"\"Nam Việt\"\" (南越, \"\"Southern Việt\"\"), a name used in ancient times. In 1839, Emperor Minh Mạng renamed the country \"\"Đại Nam\"\" (\"\"Great South\"\"). In 1945, the nation's official name was changed back to \"\"Vietnam\"\". The name is also sometimes rendered as \"\"Viet Nam\"\" in English. The term \"\"South Vietnam\"\" became common usage in 1954, when the Geneva Conference provisionally partitioned Vietnam into communist and non-communist parts. Other names of this state were commonly used during its existence such as \"\"Free Vietnam\"\" and the \"\"Government of Viet Nam\"\" (GVN). Before World War II,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 1 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5995492", "chunk_text": "\"Terminology of the Vietnam War\"\nTerminology of the Vietnam War Various names have been applied what is known as the Vietnam War. These have shifted over time, although Vietnam War is the most commonly used title in English. It has been variously called the Second Indochina War, the Vietnam Conflict ,the Vietnam War, and Nam. In Vietnam it is commonly known as Kháng chiến chống Mỹ (Resistance War against America). The name \"\"Second Indochina War\"\" places the conflict into context with other distinct, but related, and contiguous conflicts in Southeast Asia. Vietnam, Laos, and Cambodia are seen as the battlegrounds of a larger Indochinese conflict", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 2 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12173400", "chunk_text": "\"Vietnam War\"\nhas also been called the \"\"Second Indochina War\"\" and the \"\"Vietnam Conflict\"\". As there have been several conflicts in Indochina, this particular conflict is known by the names of its primary protagonists to distinguish it from others. In Vietnamese, the war is generally known as \"\"Kháng chiến chống Mỹ\"\" (Resistance War Against America), but less formally as 'Cuộc chiến tranh Mỹ' (The American War). It is also called \"\"Chiến tranh Việt Nam\"\" (The Vietnam War). The primary military organizations involved in the war were, on one side, the Army of the Republic of Vietnam (ARVN) and the United States armed", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 3 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14345208", "chunk_text": "\"Vietnam War\"\nVietnam War The Vietnam War (), also known as the Second Indochina War, and in Vietnam as the Resistance War Against America () or simply the American War, was a conflict that occurred in Vietnam, Laos, and Cambodia from 1 November 1955 to the fall of Saigon on 30 April 1975. It was the second of the Indochina Wars and was officially fought between North Vietnam and the government of South Vietnam. The North Vietnamese army was supported by the Soviet Union, China, and other communist allies; the South Vietnamese army was supported by the United States, South Korea, the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 4 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7724447", "chunk_text": "\"Vietnam War\"\nObama issued a proclamation of the . On November 10, 2017, President Donald Trump issued an additional . General: Vietnam War The Vietnam War (), also known as the Second Indochina War, and in Vietnam as the Resistance War Against America () or simply the American War, was a conflict that occurred in Vietnam, Laos, and Cambodia from 1 November 1955 to the fall of Saigon on 30 April 1975. It was the second of the Indochina Wars and was officially fought between North Vietnam and the government of South Vietnam. The North Vietnamese army was supported by the Soviet", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 5 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5995493", "chunk_text": "\"Terminology of the Vietnam War\"\nthat began at the end of World War II and lasted until communist victory in 1975. This conflict can be viewed in terms of the demise of colonialism and its after-effects during the Cold War. The term \"\"Vietnam Conflict\"\" is largely a U.S. designation, it acknowledges that the United States Congress never declared war on North Vietnam. Legally, the President used his constitutional discretion—supplemented by supportive resolutions in Congress—to conduct what was said to be a \"\"police action\"\". \"\"Vietnam War\"\" is the most commonly used designation in English. Most Vietnamese who interact with foreigners are familiar with the term Vietnam", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 6 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18014438", "chunk_text": "\"Indochina Wars\"\ntheir independence from the French, supported initially by the remaining troops of the Japanese Army after its surrender to Britain, also by the French-loyalist Vietnamese Catholic minority, and later by the United States in the frame of the Cold War. This war of independence lasted from December 1946 until July 1954, with most of the fighting taking place in areas surrounding Hanoi. It ended with the French defeat at the Battle of Dien Bien Phu and French withdrawal from Vietnam after the Geneva Agreements. The Second Indochina War, commonly known as the Vietnam War, pitted the recently successful Communist Vietnam", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 7 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10693153", "chunk_text": "\"Names of Vietnam\"\ncommon name of the country during the colonial period. Nationalist writer Phan Bội Châu revived the name \"\"Vietnam\"\" in the early 20th century. When rival communist and anti-communist governments were set up in 1945, both immediately adopted this as the country's official name. In English, the two syllables are usually combined into one word, \"\"Vietnam.\"\" However, \"\"Viet Nam\"\" was once common usage and is still used by the United Nations and by the Vietnamese government. Throughout history, there were many names used to refer to Vietnam. Besides official names, there are names that are used unofficially to refer to territory", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 8 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4288208", "chunk_text": "Vietnam\n\"\"Viet Nam\"\" instead. Between 1804 and 1813, the name Vietnam was used officially by Emperor Gia Long. It was revived in the early 20th century by Phan Bội Châu's \"\"History of the Loss of Vietnam\"\", and later by the Vietnamese Nationalist Party (VNQDĐ). The country was usually called Annam until 1945, when both the imperial government in Huế and the Việt Minh government in Hanoi adopted . Archaeological excavations have revealed the existence of humans in what is now Vietnam as early as the Paleolithic age. \"\"Homo erectus\"\" fossils dating to around 500,000 BC have been found in caves in", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 9 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10693161", "chunk_text": "\"Names of Vietnam\"\ncontinued to use Annam and the name \"\"Vietnam\"\" remained virtually unknown until the Yên Bái mutiny of 1930, organized by the Việt Nam Quốc Dân Đảng (Vietnamese Nationalist Party). By the early 1940s, the use of \"\"Việt Nam\"\" was widespread. It appeared in the name of Ho Chi Minh's Viet Nam Doc Lap Dong Minh Hoi (Viet Minh), founded 1941, and was even used by the governor of French Indochina in 1942. The name \"\"Vietnam\"\" has been official since 1945. It was adopted in June by Bảo Đại's imperial government in Huế, and in September by Ho's rival communist government", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 10 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14345221", "chunk_text": "\"Vietnam War\"\nforces, and, on the other side, the People's Army of Vietnam (PAVN) (more commonly called the North Vietnamese Army, or NVA, in English-language sources), and the National Front for the Liberation of South Vietnam (NLF, more commonly known as the Viet Cong in English language sources), a South Vietnamese communist guerrilla force. Daniel Ellsberg contends that U.S. participation in Vietnam had begun in 1945 when it gave support to a French effort to reconquer its colony in Vietnam, a nation which had just declared independence in August 1945. Indochina was a French colony during the 19th century. When the Japanese", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 11 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10693154", "chunk_text": "\"Names of Vietnam\"\nof Vietnam. Vietnam was called Văn Lang during the Hùng Vương Dynasty, Âu Lạc when An Dương was king, Nam Việt during the Triệu Dynasty, Van Xuan during the Anterior Lý Dynasty, Đại Cồ Việt during the Đinh dynasty and Early Lê dynasty. Starting in 1054, Vietnam was called Đại Việt (Great Viet). During the Hồ dynasty, Vietnam was called Đại Ngu. The term \"\"\"\" (Yue) (), Early Middle Chinese was first written using the logograph \"\"戉\"\" for an axe (a homophone), in oracle bone and bronze inscriptions of the late Shang dynasty ( BC), and later as \"\"越\"\". At", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 12 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14345211", "chunk_text": "\"Vietnam War\"\nviewed it as a civil war, a defensive war against communism, or were motivated to fight to defend their homes and families. The U.S. government viewed its involvement in the war as a way to prevent a communist takeover of South Vietnam. This was part of the domino theory of a wider containment policy, with the stated aim of stopping the spread of communism. Beginning in 1950, American military advisors arrived in what was then French Indochina. Most of the funding for the French war effort was provided by the U.S. The Việt Cộng, also known as or \"\"FNL\"\" (the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 13 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18350224", "chunk_text": "\"War in Vietnam (1945–46)\"\nWar in Vietnam (1945–46) The War in Vietnam, codenamed Operation Masterdom by the British, and also known as Nam Bộ kháng chiến () by the Vietnamese, was a post–World War II armed conflict involving a largely British-Indian and French task force and Japanese troops from the Southern Expeditionary Army Group, versus the Vietnamese communist movement, the Viet Minh, for control of the country, after the unconditional Japanese surrender. The Indochina Wars are generally numbered as three: the first being France's unsuccessful eight-year conflict with the Vietminh nationalist forces (1946–1954); the second being the war for control of South Vietnam, featuring", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 14 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10693163", "chunk_text": "\"Names of Vietnam\"\nthe hyphenated version. By 1981, the hyphenated form was regarded as \"\"dated\"\", according to Scottish writer Gilbert Adair, and he titled his book about depictions of the country in film using the unhyphenated and unspaced form \"\"Vietnam\"\". The modern Chinese name for Vietnam () can be translated as \"\"Beyond the South\"\", leading to the folk etymology that the name is a reference to the country's location beyond the southernmost borders of China. Another theory explains that the nation was termed as such in order to emphasize the division of those who stayed in China in contrast to the people living", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 15 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4288206", "chunk_text": "Vietnam\nin 2007. Vietnam is a member of the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN), Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC) and the Organisation Internationale de la Francophonie (OIF). The name () is a variation of (; literally \"\"Southern \"\"Việt\"\"\"\"), a name that can be traced back to the Triệu dynasty of the 2nd century BC. The word \"\"Việt\"\" originated as a shortened form of Bách Việt (), a group of people then living in southern China and Vietnam. The form \"\"Vietnam\"\" () is first recorded in the 16th-century oracular poem \"\"Sấm Trạng Trình\"\". The name has also been found on 12 steles", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 16 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7724293", "chunk_text": "\"Vietnam War\"\ninvaded during World War II, the Viet Minh opposed them with support from the US, the Soviet Union and China. They received some Japanese arms when Japan surrendered. The Viet Minh, a Communist-led common front under the leadership of Ho Chi Minh, then initiated an insurgency against French rule. Hostilities escalated into the First Indochina War (beginning in December 1946). By the 1950s, the conflict had become entwined with the Cold War. In January 1950, China and the Soviet Union recognized the Viet Minh's Democratic Republic of Vietnam, based in Hanoi, as the legitimate government of Vietnam. The following month", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 17 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6001777", "chunk_text": "\"Sino-Vietnamese War\"\nChinese troops were stationed along the Sino-Soviet border in preparation for a full-scale war against the Soviets. The Sino-Vietnamese War () is also known as the Third Indochina War, in order to distinguish it from the First Indochina War, and the Vietnam War, also known as the Second Indochina War. In Vietnam, the conflict is known as the \"\"War against Chinese expansionism\"\". (Vietnamese: \"\"Chiến tranh chống bành trướng Trung Hoa\"\"). In China, the war is referred to as the \"\"Defensive Counterattack against Vietnam\"\" (). Just as the First Indochina War—which emerged from the complex situation following World War II—and the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 18 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13798373", "chunk_text": "\"North Vietnam\"\na communist party. North Vietnamese and Viet Cong forces and supplies were sent along the Ho Chi Minh trail. In 1964 the United States sent combat troops to South Vietnam to support the South Vietnamese government, but the U.S. had advisors there since 1950. Other nations, including Australia, the Republic of Korea, Thailand and New Zealand also contributed troops and military aid to South Vietnam's war effort. China and the Soviet Union provided aid to and troops in support of North Vietnamese military activities. This was known as the Vietnam War, or the \"\"American War\"\" in Vietnam itself (1955–75). In", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 19 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4139390", "chunk_text": "\"Empire of Vietnam\"\nin the same way as their French predecessors. Thuận Hóa, the pre-colonial name for Huế, was restored. Kim's officials worked to find a French substitute for the word \"\"Annamite\"\", which was used to denote Vietnamese people and their characteristics as described in French literature and official use. \"\"Annamite\"\" was considered derogatory, and it was replaced with \"\"Vietnamien\"\" (Vietnamese). Apart from Thuận Hóa, these terms have been internationally accepted since Kim ordered the changes. Given that the French colonial authorities emphatically distinguished the three regions of \"\"Tonkin\"\", \"\"Annam\"\", and \"\"Cochinchina\"\" as separate entities, implying a lack of national culture or political", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 20 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10693152", "chunk_text": "\"Names of Vietnam\"\nNames of Vietnam Việt Nam () is a variation of Nam Việt (Southern Việt), a name that can be traced back to the Triệu dynasty (Nanyue Kingdom of Chinese in 2nd century BC). The word \"\"Việt\"\" originated as a shortened form of Bách Việt, a word used to refer to a people who lived in what is now southern China in ancient times. The word \"\"Việt Nam\"\", with the syllables in the modern order, first appears in the 16th century in a poem by Nguyễn Bỉnh Khiêm. \"\"Annam\"\", which originated as a Chinese name in the seventh century, was the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 21 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4288203", "chunk_text": "Vietnam\nMinh City as the most populous city. The northern part of Vietnam was part of Imperial China for over a millennium, from 111 BC to AD 939. An independent Vietnamese state was formed in 939, following a Vietnamese victory in the battle of Bạch Đằng River. Successive Vietnamese imperial dynasties flourished as the nation expanded geographically and politically into Southeast Asia, until the Indochina Peninsula was colonised by the French in the mid-19th century. Following a Japanese occupation in the 1940s, the Vietnamese fought French rule in the First Indochina War. On 2 September 1945, President Hồ Chí Minh declared", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 22 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19629942", "chunk_text": "\"Indochina Wars\"\nIndochina Wars The Indochina Wars () were a series of wars fought in Southeast Asia from 1946 until 1989, between communist Indochinese forces against mainly French, South Vietnamese, American, Cambodian, Laotian and Chinese forces. The term \"\"Indochina\"\" originally referred to French Indochina, which included the current states of Vietnam, Laos and Cambodia. , it applies largely to a geographic region, rather than to a political area. The wars included: French colonization and occupation of the region was a consequence of missionary work of the 16th century, which had resulted in Catholics forming a converted minority. While Gia Long tolerated Catholicism,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 23 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4346141", "chunk_text": "\"Names of Ho Chi Minh City\"\nNames of Ho Chi Minh City The city now known as Ho Chi Minh City ( ), or Saigon (its antecedent), has gone by several different names during its history, reflecting settlement by different ethnic, cultural and political groups. Originally known as \"\"Prey Nôkôr\"\" while a part of the Khmer Empire, it came to be dubbed \"\"Sài Gòn\"\" () informally by Vietnamese settlers fleeing the Trịnh–Nguyễn War to the north. In time, control of the city and the area passed to the Vietnamese, who gave the city the name of \"\"Gia Định\"\". This name remained until the time of French", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 24 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14345210", "chunk_text": "\"Vietnam War\"\nin light of the failed 1954 Geneva Conference calls for elections. Other interpretations of the North Vietnamese side include viewing it as a civil war, especially in the early and later phases following the U.S. interlude between 1965 and 1970, as well as a war of liberation. In the perspective of some, the Provisional Revolutionary Government of the Republic of South Vietnam, the successor to the Việt Cộng, was motivated in part by significant social changes in the post-World War II Vietnam, and had initially seen it as a revolutionary war supported by Hanoi. The pro-government side in South Vietnam", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 25 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20474917", "chunk_text": "\"Việt Minh\"\nNgô Đình Diệm as Prime Minister of South Vietnam. With American support, in 1955 Diệm used a referendum to remove the former Emperor and declare himself the president of the Republic of Vietnam. When the elections failed to occur, Việt Minh cadres who stayed behind in South Vietnam were activated and started to fight the government. North Vietnam also occupied portions of Laos to assist in supplying the National Liberation Front (\"\"Viet Cong\"\") in South Vietnam. The war gradually escalated into the Second Indochina War, more commonly known as the \"\"Vietnam War\"\" in the West and the \"\"American War\"\" in", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 26 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12195512", "chunk_text": "\"Vietnam Era\"\nVietnam Era Vietnam Era is a term used by the United States Department of Veterans Affairs to classify veterans of the Vietnam War. Various departments of federal, state and local governments as well as private employers often give Vietnam Era veterans special consideration regarding employment and sometimes assign extra qualifying points. For VA purposes, in accordance with the Code of Federal Regulations Chapter 38 Paragraph 3.2 (f), the Vietnam Era is \"\"The period beginning on February 28, 1961 and ending on May 7, 1975, inclusive, in the case of a veteran who served in the Republic of Vietnam during that", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 27 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5995494", "chunk_text": "\"Terminology of the Vietnam War\"\nWar. The Vietnam War translates directly as \"\"Chiến tranh Việt Nam\"\" in Vietnamese. For people in Vietnam the common phrase is Kháng chiến chống Mỹ (Resistance War against America). \"\"Resistance War against the American Empire to Save the Nation\"\" is the more formal term used by the Vietnam government; it is more of a saying than a name, and its meaning is self-evident. Terminology of the Vietnam War Various names have been applied what is known as the Vietnam War. These have shifted over time, although Vietnam War is the most commonly used title in English. It has been variously", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 28 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "371879", "chunk_text": "\"Empire of Vietnam\"\nEmpire of Vietnam The Empire of Vietnam (; Hán tự: 越南帝國; ) was a short-lived client state of Imperial Japan governing the whole of Vietnam between March 11 and August 23, 1945. During World War II, after the fall of France and establishment of Vichy France, the French had lost practical control in French Indochina to the Japanese, but Japan stayed in the background while giving the Vichy French administrators nominal control. This changed on 9 March 1945 when Japan officially took over. To gain the support of the Vietnamese people, Imperial Japan declared it would return sovereignty to Vietnam.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 29 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18483991", "chunk_text": "\"Little Vietnam\"\nLittle Vietnam Little Vietnam is a name given to ethnic enclaves of expatriate Vietnamese. Alternate names include Little Saigon (mainly in \"\"free countries\"\" ) and Little Hanoi (mainly in historically communist nations), depending on the enclave's political history. Saigon is the former name of the capital of the former South Vietnam, whereas Hanoi is the current capital of Vietnam. Vietnamese enclaves such as those labeled as \"\"Little Vietnam\"\" have differing political leanings depending on whether it is one that exists in the \"\"western\"\" countries versus those that exist in the former Soviet-bloc. \"\"Little Saigon\"\", a term that is associated specifically", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 30 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18400391", "chunk_text": "\"Vietnamese Demilitarized Zone\"\nof the city of Huế. It ran along the Ben Hai River for much of its length, and an island nearby was controlled by North Vietnamese forces during the Vietnam War. Although it was nominally described as being at \"\"the 17th parallel,\"\" almost all of the zone lies to the south of the parallel, with only a small portion of the zone near the eastern end actually including the parallel. The First Indochina War (also called the French Indochina War) was fought in French Indochina from 1946 through 1954 between France and the French-controlled State of Vietnam on the one", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 31 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10693165", "chunk_text": "\"Names of Vietnam\"\nthe Sino-Korean-derived name \"\"Wollam\"\" (월남, the Korean reading of 越南) has been replaced by \"\"Beteunam\"\" (베트남) in South Korea and \"\"Wetnam\"\" (윁남) in North Korea. Names of Vietnam Việt Nam () is a variation of Nam Việt (Southern Việt), a name that can be traced back to the Triệu dynasty (Nanyue Kingdom of Chinese in 2nd century BC). The word \"\"Việt\"\" originated as a shortened form of Bách Việt, a word used to refer to a people who lived in what is now southern China in ancient times. The word \"\"Việt Nam\"\", with the syllables in the modern order, first", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 32 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12173399", "chunk_text": "\"Vietnam War\"\nthe DRV and its Cambodian allies in the Royal Government of the National Union of Kampuchea, the newly-formed Democratic Kampuchea begun almost immediately in a series of border raids by the Khmer Rouge and erupted into the Cambodian–Vietnamese War, with Chinese forces directly intervening in the Sino-Vietnamese War. The end of the war and resumption of the Third Indochina War would precipitate the Vietnamese boat people and the bigger Indochina refugee crisis, which saw an estimated 250,000 people perish at sea. Various names have been applied to the conflict. \"\"Vietnam War\"\" is the most commonly used name in English. It", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 33 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14345223", "chunk_text": "\"Vietnam War\"\nthe United States and Great Britain recognized the French-backed State of Vietnam in Saigon, led by former Emperor Bảo Đại, as the legitimate Vietnamese government. The outbreak of the Korean War in June 1950 convinced many Washington policymakers that the war in Indochina was an example of communist expansionism directed by the Soviet Union. Military advisors from the People's Republic of China (PRC) began assisting the Viet Minh in July 1950. PRC weapons, expertise, and laborers transformed the Viet Minh from a guerrilla force into a regular army. In September 1950, the United States created a Military Assistance and Advisory", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 34 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16925823", "chunk_text": "\"First Indochina War\"\nstayed behind in South Vietnam were activated and started to fight the government. North Vietnam also invaded and occupied portions of Laos to assist in supplying the National Liberation Front guerrillas fighting in South Vietnam. The war gradually escalated into the Second Indochina War, more commonly known as the \"\"Vietnam War\"\" in the West and the \"\"American War\"\" in Vietnam. The 1946 Constitution creating the Fourth Republic (1946–1958) made France a Parliamentary republic. Because of the political context, it could find stability only by an alliance between the three dominant parties: the Christian Democratic Popular Republican Movement (MRP), the French", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 35 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5232004", "chunk_text": "\"Viet Cong\"\nSaigon newspapers beginning in 1956. It is a contraction of \"\"Việt Nam Cộng-sản\"\" (Vietnamese communist), or alternatively \"\"Việt gian cộng sản\"\" (\"\"Communist Traitor to Vietnam\"\"). The earliest citation for \"\"Việt Cộng\"\" in English is from 1957. Media worldwide referred to them as \"\"Vietcong\"\". American soldiers referred to them as Victor Charlie or V-C. \"\"Victor\"\" and \"\"Charlie\"\" are both letters in the NATO phonetic alphabet. \"\"Charlie\"\" referred to communist forces in general, both Việt Cộng and North Vietnamese. The official Vietnamese history gives the group's name as the Liberation Army of South Vietnam or the National Liberation Front for South Vietnam", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 36 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "371881", "chunk_text": "\"Empire of Vietnam\"\nterritory of Việt Nam in 1802. Furthermore, this was the first time that Vietnamese nationalists in the northern, central and southern regions of the country officially recognized this name. In March, activists in the North always mentioned Đại Việt (Great Việt), the name used before the 15th century by the Lê Dynasty and its predecessors, while those in the South used Vietnam, and the central leaders used An Nam (Peaceful South) or Đại Nam (Great South, which was used by the Nguyễn Lords). Kim also renamed the three regions of the country — the northern (former Tonkin or Bắc Kỳ)", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 37 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17939456", "chunk_text": "\"War in Vietnam (1945–46)\"\non that day 30,000 Viet Minh under Giap initiated their first large-scale attack on the French in the Battle of Hanoi. The War in Vietnam of 1946–54, had begun. War in Vietnam (1945–46) The War in Vietnam, codenamed Operation Masterdom by the British, and also known as Nam Bộ kháng chiến () by the Vietnamese, was a post–World War II armed conflict involving a largely British-Indian and French task force and Japanese troops from the Southern Expeditionary Army Group, versus the Vietnamese communist movement, the Viet Minh, for control of the country, after the unconditional Japanese surrender. The Indochina Wars", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 38 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13798352", "chunk_text": "\"North Vietnam\"\n(Labor Party), gradually marginalizing non-communists in the Việt Minh. Between 1946 and 1954, the Việt Minh captured and controlled most of the rural areas of Vietnam. In 1954, after the French were defeated, the negotiation of the Geneva Accords ended the war between France and the Việt Minh and granted Vietnam independence. The Geneva Accords divided the country provisionally into northern and southern zones, and stipulated general elections in July 1956 to \"\"bring about the unification of Viet-Nam\"\". The northern zone was commonly called North Vietnam, and the southern zone was commonly called South Vietnam. Supervision of the implementation of", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 39 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6637883", "chunk_text": "\"United States–Vietnam relations\"\nthe southern province had the support of the United States, billions of American dollars were spent in efforts to modernize the country. This involvement increased tensions between the two provinces, resulting in the second Indochina War, otherwise known to the Western World as the \"\"Vietnam War\"\". In \"\"Tours of Vietnam: War, Travel Guides and Memory\"\", by Scott Laderman, he argues that calling the second Indochina War the Vietnam War \"\"is to thus reveal a certain bias. Should we therefore call it the \"\"American War?\"\" (ix) The war generated considerable social and political discord in the United States, massive disruption in", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 40 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4391073", "chunk_text": "\"First Indochina War\"\nescalated into the Vietnam War/American War also known as the Second Indochina War. Vietnam was absorbed into French Indochina in stages between 1858 and 1887. Nationalism grew until World War II provided a break in French control. Early Vietnamese resistance centered on the intellectual Phan Bội Châu. Châu looked to Japan, which had modernized and was one of the few Asian nations to successfully resist European colonization. With Prince Cường Để, Châu started two organizations in Japan, the Duy Tân hội (Modernistic Association) and Vietnam Cong Hien Hoi. Due to French pressure, Japan deported Phan Bội Châu to China. Witnessing", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 41 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7198764", "chunk_text": "\"History of Vietnam\"\nHistory of Vietnam Vietnam's recorded history stretches back to the mid-to-late 3rd century BCE, when Âu Lạc and Nanyue (Nam Việt in Vietnamese) were established (Nanyue conquered Âu Lạc in 179 BCE). Pre-historic Vietnam was home to some of the world's earliest civilizations and societies—making them one of the world's first people who practiced agriculture and rice cultivation. The Red River valley formed a natural geographic and economic unit, bounded to the north and west by mountains and jungles, to the east by the sea and to the south by the Red River Delta. According to myth the first Vietnamese", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 42 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7573399", "chunk_text": "\"History of Vietnam during World War I\"\nfulfilled. The fact that France succeeded in holding on to Vietnam during the war years was mainly due to the weakness of the national movement. There were, of course, patriots to carry on the fight for national independence, but the new and still embryonic social forces failed to give the movement the necessary vigor and direction. Not until these forces had further developed over subsequent decades was the national movement able to be revitalized. History of Vietnam during World War I At the outbreak of the World War I (also known as The Great War), Vietnam was part of French", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 43 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7198837", "chunk_text": "\"History of Vietnam\"\nin Southeast Asia. During the 1930s, the CPV was nearly wiped out under French suppression with the execution of top leaders such as Phú, Lê Hồng Phong, and Nguyễn Văn Cừ. During World War II, Japan invaded Indochina in 1940, keeping the Vichy French colonial administration in place as a puppet. In 1941 Nguyễn Ái Quốc, now known as Hồ Chí Minh, arrived in northern Vietnam to form the Việt Minh Front, and it was supposed to be an umbrella group for all parties fighting for Vietnam's independence, but was dominated by the Communist Party. The Việt Minh had a", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 44 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8017612", "chunk_text": "\"First Indochina War\"\nFirst Indochina War The First Indochina War (generally known as the Indochina War in France, and as the Anti-French Resistance War in Vietnam) began in French Indochina on 19 December 1946, and lasted until 20 July 1954. Fighting between French forces and their Việt Minh opponents in the south dated from September 1945. The conflict pitted a range of forces, including the French Union's French Far East Expeditionary Corps, led by France and supported by Bảo Đại's Vietnamese National Army against the Việt Minh, led by Ho Chi Minh and the People's Army of Vietnam led by Võ Nguyên Giáp.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 45 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10693162", "chunk_text": "\"Names of Vietnam\"\nin Hanoi. In English, the spellings Vietnam, Viet-Nam, and Viet Nam have all been used. The 1954 edition of \"\"Webster's New Collegiate Dictionary\"\" gave both the unspaced and hyphenated forms; in response to a letter from a reader, the editors indicated that the spaced form Viet Nam was also acceptable, though they stated that because Anglophones did not know the meaning of the two words making up the name Vietnam, \"\"it is not surprising\"\" that there was a tendency to drop the space. In 1966, the U.S. government was known to use all three renderings, with the State Department preferring", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 46 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18294795", "chunk_text": "\"South Vietnam\"\narmy and Viet Cong launched a major second combined-arms invasion in 1975, termed the Spring Offensive. Communist forces overran Saigon on 30 April 1975, marking the \"\"de facto\"\" end of the South Vietnamese state, although the \"\"de jure\"\" end of South Vietnam occurred on 2 July 1976 with the reunification of Vietnam. The official name of the South Vietnamese state was \"\"Việt Nam Cộng hòa\"\" (Republic of Vietnam) and the French name was referred to as \"\"République du Viêt Nam\"\". The North was known as the \"\"Democratic Republic of Vietnam\"\". \"\"Việt Nam\"\" () was the name adopted by Emperor Gia", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 47 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4223776", "chunk_text": "\"Vietnamese people\"\nChinese and other peoples within South China. The word \"\"Việt\"\" is shortened from \"\"Bách Việt\"\", a name used in ancient times for various non-Chinese peoples who were assimilated into Chinese culture. \"\"Nam\"\" means \"\"south\"\". Together, Vietnam means \"\"to the south of the Viet\"\", as Vietnam is located south of the \"\"Bách Việt\"\". Written history knows the ancient Vietnamese people first simply as the Lạc or Lạc Việt, and the country of Vietnam as Văn Lang. Archaeological evidence of the Đông Sơn culture (also known as Lac Society) is the result of society from the Bronze Age. The Vietnamese or Kinh", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 48 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8017727", "chunk_text": "\"First Indochina War\"\nthe army (\"\"Cinematographic Service of the Armies\"\", SCA) during his duty time; moreover, as he had covered the Vietnam War he released \"\"The Anderson Platoon\"\", which won the Academy Award for Documentary Feature. Graham Greene's novel \"\"The Quiet American\"\" takes place during this war. A Vietnamese software developer made a first-person-shooter videogame called \"\"7554\"\". Named after the date of Battle of Dien Bien Phu, it commemorates the First Indochina War from the Vietnamese point of view. First Indochina War The First Indochina War (generally known as the Indochina War in France, and as the Anti-French Resistance War in Vietnam) began", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 49 } ]
test_3558	who is directly elected according to the constitution?	n/a	[ "senators" ]	[]	n/a	n/a	n/a	[]	[ { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11495747", "chunk_text": "Republic\nby the people, or is indirectly elected as done in the United States. In that country the president is officially elected by an electoral college, chosen by the States, all of which do so by direct election of the electors. The indirect election of the president through the electoral college conforms to the concept of republic as one with a system of indirect election. In the opinion of some, direct election confers legitimacy upon the president and gives the office much of its political power. However, this concept of legitimacy differs from that expressed in the United States Constitution which", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 0 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12314757", "chunk_text": "\"Elections in the United States\"\nElections in the United States Elections in the United States are held for government officials at the federal, state, and local levels. At the federal level, the nation's head of state, the President, is elected indirectly by the people of each state, through an Electoral College. Today, these electors almost always vote with the popular vote of their state. All members of the federal legislature, the Congress, are directly elected by the people of each state. There are many elected offices at state level, each state having at least an elective Governor and legislature. There are also elected offices at", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 1 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1886018", "chunk_text": "\"Politics of the United States\"\nsystems, Americans vote for a specific candidate instead of directly selecting a particular political party. With a federal government, officials are elected at the federal (national), state and local levels. On a national level, the President, is elected indirectly by the people, through an Electoral College. In modern times, the electors virtually always vote with the popular vote of their state. All members of Congress, and the offices at the state and local levels are directly elected. Various federal and state laws regulate elections. The United States Constitution defines (to a basic extent) how federal elections are held, in Article", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 2 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18753552", "chunk_text": "\"President-elect of the United States\"\nto the presidency by way of the president's death, resignation or removal (via impeachment) from office, that person does not hold the title of president-elect, as they would become president immediately. Conversely, a sitting vice president who is elected president \"\"does\"\" become president-elect. of the United States Constitution, along with the Twelfth and Twentieth Amendments directly address and govern the process for electing the nation's president. Presidential elections are further regulated by various federal and state laws. Under federal Law, the presidential electors, the members of the Electoral College, the body that directly elects the president, must be \"\"appointed, in", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 3 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2063063", "chunk_text": "\"United States\"\nwith each state having two senators, elected at-large to six-year terms; one-third of Senate seats are up for election every other year. The District of Columbia and the five major U.S. territories do not have senators. The President serves a four-year term and may be elected to the office no more than twice. The President is not elected by direct vote, but by an indirect electoral college system in which the determining votes are apportioned to the states and the District of Columbia. The Supreme Court, led by the Chief Justice of the United States, has nine members, who serve", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 4 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3884442", "chunk_text": "\"United States presidential election\"\nTwenty-Third Amendment granting voting rights to citizens of Washington, D.C.) is then elected to that office. If no candidate receives an absolute majority of the votes for President, the House of Representatives chooses the winner; if no one receives an absolute majority of the votes for Vice President, then the Senate chooses the winner. The Electoral College and its procedure are established in the U.S. Constitution by Article II, Section 1, Clauses 2 and 4; and the Twelfth Amendment (which replaced Clause 3 after its ratification in 1804). Under Clause 2, each of the states casts as many electoral votes", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 5 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2581263", "chunk_text": "\"Constitution of Ireland\"\nunder a parliamentary system. It provides for a directly elected, largely ceremonial President of Ireland (Article 12), a head of government called the Taoiseach (Article 28), and a national parliament called the Oireachtas (Article 15). The Oireachtas has a dominant directly elected lower house known as Dáil Éireann (Article 16) and an upper house Seanad Éireann (Article 18), which is partly appointed, partly indirectly elected and partly elected by a limited electorate. There is also an independent judiciary headed by the Supreme Court (Article 34). Under Article 28.3.3° the Constitution grants the state sweeping powers \"\"in time of war or", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 6 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2732941", "chunk_text": "\"Elections in Pakistan\"\nshall retire after completion of first 3 years of the Senate, is determined by drawing of lots by the Chief Election Commission purposes. The President is elected in presidential elections. In an indirect election, with the winner being determined by votes casts by the electors of the Electoral College. The electoral college is composed of elected senators, members of the national and provincial assemblies. The President is a ceremonial post, head of state, and merely a figurehead with the executive powers granted to Prime Minister, by the Constitution. The Constitution grants right to both men and women to run for", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 7 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8453352", "chunk_text": "\"Indirect election\"\nIndirect election An indirect election is an election in which voters do not choose between candidates for an office, but elect people who then choose. It is one of the oldest forms of elections, and is still used today for many presidents, cabinets, upper houses, and supranational legislatures. Presidents and prime ministers can be indirectly elected by parliaments or by a special body convened solely for that purpose. The election of the executive government in most parliamentary systems is indirect: elect the parliamentarians, who then elect the government including most prominently the prime minister from among themselves. Upper houses, especially", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 8 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20934514", "chunk_text": "\"Contingent election\"\nMartin Van Buren's vice-presidential nominee Richard Mentor Johnson, denying him a majority of the electoral vote and forcing the Senate to elect him in a contingent election. In the United States, the president and vice president are indirectly elected by the Electoral College, which (since ratification of the 23rd Amendment in 1961) consists of 538 presidential electors from the 50 states and the District of Columbia. Presidential electors themselves are directly elected on a state-by-state basis. Since the election of 1824, a majority of the states have chosen their electors on a statewide \"\"winner-take-all\"\" basis, based on the statewide popular", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 9 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14304024", "chunk_text": "\"Article Two of the United States Constitution\"\nindividual congressional districts to elect one elector. In an indirect popular vote, it is the names of the candidates who are on the ballot to be elected. Most states do not put the names of the electors on the ballot. It is generally understood by the voters and the Electors themselves that they are the representative \"\"stand-ins\"\" for the candidates and are expected to cast their electoral college ballots for the President and Vice President who appeared on the ballot. The actual electors being voted for are usually selected by the candidate's party. There are a few cases where some", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 10 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2679526", "chunk_text": "\"United States Constitution\"\nway the Electoral College chooses the President and Vice President. It stipulates that each elector must cast a distinct vote for President and Vice President, instead of two votes for President. It also suggests that the President and Vice President should not be from the same state. is superseded by this amendment, which also extends the to become President to the Vice President. The Seventeenth Amendment (1913) modifies the way senators are elected. It stipulates that senators are to be elected by direct popular vote. The amendment supersedes , Clauses 1 and 2, under which the two senators from each", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 11 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14303886", "chunk_text": "\"Article One of the United States Constitution\"\nof their state's legislature have the right to vote in elections for the House of Representatives. Section 3 addresses the Senate, establishing that the Senate consists of two senators from each state, with each senator serving a six-year term. Section 3 originally required that the state legislatures elect the members of the Senate, but the Seventeenth Amendment, ratified in 1913, provides for the direct election of senators. Section 3 lays out various other rules for the Senate, including a provision that establishes the Vice President of the United States as the president of the Senate. Section 4 of Article One", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 12 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2679668", "chunk_text": "\"Article Two of the United States Constitution\"\nsenators votes to approve and therefore appoint a nominee. The head of the Executive Branch is the President. Although also named in this first clause, the Vice President is not constitutionally vested with any executive power. Nonetheless, the Constitution dictates that the President and Vice President are to be elected at the same time, for the same term, and by the same constituency. The framers' intent was to preserve the independence of the executive branch should the person who was Vice President succeed to the duties of the presidency. Under the U.S. Constitution the President and Vice President are chosen", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 13 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5637876", "chunk_text": "\"Constitution of South Korea\"\nSouth Korea prescribes the law about the president. The constitution of the U.S. prescribes the law about the president in Article Two. In South Korea, the president is voted by Direct election. He or she serves a single five-year term, and no additional terms are allowed. His or her major roles include (1) Head of State, (2) Chief administrator, (3) Commander-in-chief, (4) Top diplomat and foreign policy maker (5) Chief policy maker and key lawmaker. The Prime Minister is the replacement in the event of presidential disability. However, in the US, the president is elected by indirect election. He or", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 14 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1504026", "chunk_text": "\"United States Electoral College\"\nUnited States Electoral College The United States Electoral College is a body of electors established by the United States Constitution, constituted every four years for the sole purpose of electing the president and vice president of the United States. The Electoral College consists of 538 electors, and an absolute majority of 270 electoral votes is required to win an election. Pursuant to , the legislature of each state determines the manner by which its electors are chosen. Each state's number of electors is equal to the combined total of the state's membership in the Senate and House of Representatives; currently", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 15 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2063064", "chunk_text": "\"United States\"\nfor life. The state governments are structured in roughly similar fashion; Nebraska uniquely has a unicameral legislature. The governor (chief executive) of each state is directly elected. Some state judges and cabinet officers are appointed by the governors of the respective states, while others are elected by popular vote. The original text of the Constitution establishes the structure and responsibilities of the federal government and its relationship with the individual states. Article One protects the right to the \"\"great writ\"\" of habeas corpus. The Constitution has been amended 27 times; the first ten amendments, which make up the Bill of", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 16 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3036187", "chunk_text": "\"Constituent assembly\"\nConstituent assembly A constituent assembly or constitutional assembly is a body or assembly of popularly elected representatives composed for the purpose of drafting or adopting a document called the constitution. The constituent assembly is a subset of a constitutional convention elected entirely by popular vote; that is, all constituent assemblies are constitutional conventions, but a constitutional convention is not necessarily a constituent assembly. As the fundamental document constituting a state, a constitution cannot normally be modified or amended by the state's normal legislative procedures; instead a constitutional convention or a constituent assembly, the rules for which are normally laid down", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 17 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10936766", "chunk_text": "\"Unpledged elector\"\nparticular candidate before the election but ultimately votes for someone else or fails to vote at all. When the United States Constitution was written, the Founding Fathers intended the Electoral College to be a truly deliberative body whose members would choose a President (and Vice President, after 1800) based on their own preferences. They also left the method for selecting the electors for each state to the discretion of that state's legislature. Other than the implied expectation that the electors vote for candidates who are constitutionally qualified to serve as President and Vice President, the Constitution otherwise places no restriction", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 18 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2679669", "chunk_text": "\"Article Two of the United States Constitution\"\nby Electors, under a constitutional grant of authority delegated to the legislatures of the several states. The Constitution reserves the choice of the precise manner for creating Electors to the will of the state legislatures. It does not define or delimit what process a state legislature may use to create its \"\"state\"\" college of Electors. In practice, the state legislatures have generally chosen to create Electors through an indirect popular vote, since the 1820s. Most states have a \"\"winner-take-all\"\" system in which the candidate with the most votes in the state gets all the electoral votes. Maine and Nebraska allow", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 19 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20934512", "chunk_text": "\"Contingent election\"\nContingent election In the United States, a contingent election is the procedure used in presidential elections in the case where no candidate wins an absolute majority of votes in the Electoral College, the constitutional mechanism for electing the President and the Vice President of the United States. A contingent election for the president is decided by a vote of the United States House of Representatives, and the contingent election for the vice president is decided by a vote of the United States Senate. The contingent election procedure, along with the other parts of the presidential election process, was first established", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 20 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14304011", "chunk_text": "\"Article Two of the United States Constitution\"\nthe federal government is vested in the president and, along with the Vesting Clauses of Article One and Article Three, establishes the separation of powers between the three branches of government. Section 1 also establishes the Electoral College, the body charged with electing the president and the vice president. Section 1 provides that each state chooses members of the Electoral College in a manner directed by each state's respective legislature, with the states granted electors equal to their combined representation in both houses of Congress. Section 1 lays out the procedures of the Electoral College and requires the House of", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 21 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9247392", "chunk_text": "\"President of India\"\nPresident of India The President of the Republic of India is the ceremonial head of state of India and the commander-in-chief of the Indian Armed Forces. The president is indirectly elected by an electoral college comprising the Parliament of India (both houses) and the legislative assemblies of each of India's states and territories, who themselves are all directly elected. Although the of the Constitution of India states that the president can exercise his powers directly or by subordinate authority, with few exceptions, all of the executive powers vested in the president are, in practice, exercised by the prime minister (a", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 22 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20760208", "chunk_text": "\"United States Electoral College\"\nare nominated in party conventions. In Pennsylvania, the campaign committee of each candidate names their respective electoral college candidates (an attempt to discourage faithless electors). Varying by state, electors may also be elected by state legislatures, or appointed by the parties themselves. Article II, Section 1, Clause 2 of the Constitution requires each state legislature to determine how electors for the state are to be chosen, but it disqualifies any person holding a federal office, either elected or appointed, from being an elector. Under Section 3 of the Fourteenth Amendment, any person who has sworn an oath to support the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 23 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2688192", "chunk_text": "\"United States Congress\"\nthe same powers as other members of the House, except that they may not vote when the House is meeting as the House of Representatives.\"\" They are assigned offices and allowances for staff, participate in debate, and appoint constituents to the four military service academies for the Army, Navy, Air Force and Coast Guard. Washington, D.C. citizens alone among U.S. territories have the right to directly vote for the President of the United States, although the Democratic and Republican political parties nominate their presidential candidates at national conventions which include delegates from the five major territories. Representative Lee H. Hamilton", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 24 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11824232", "chunk_text": "\"Direct election\"\nDirect election Direct election is a system of choosing political officeholders in which the voters directly cast ballots for the person, persons, or political party that they desire to see elected. The method by which the winner or winners of a direct election are chosen depends upon the electoral system used. The most commonly used systems are the plurality system and the two-round system for single-winner elections, such as a presidential election, and party-list proportional representation for the election of a legislature. Examples of directly elected bodies are the European Parliament (since 1979) and the United States House of Representatives.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 25 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10515956", "chunk_text": "\"President of the United States\"\nsolicit contributions. Much of the modern electoral process is concerned with winning swing states through frequent visits and mass media advertising drives. The president is elected indirectly by the voters of each state and the District of Columbia through the Electoral College, a body of electors formed every four years for the sole purpose of electing the president and vice president to concurrent four-year terms. As prescribed by the Twelfth Amendment, each state is entitled to a number of electors equal to the size of its total delegation in both houses of Congress. Additionally, the Twenty-third Amendment provides that the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 26 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5783071", "chunk_text": "\"Federal government of the United States\"\nlaws which shall be necessary and proper for carrying into execution the foregoing powers\"\". Members of the House and Senate are elected by first-past-the-post voting in every state except Louisiana and Georgia, which have runoffs. Congress has the power to remove the president, federal judges, and other federal officers from office. The House of Representatives and Senate have separate roles in this process. The House must first vote to \"\"impeach\"\" the official. Then, a trial is held in the Senate to decide whether the official should be removed from office. Although two presidents have been impeached by the House of", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 27 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15851358", "chunk_text": "\"U.S. state\"\npowers: executive, legislative, and judicial. States possess a number of powers and rights under the United States Constitution. States and their residents are represented in the United States Congress, a bicameral legislature consisting of the Senate and the House of Representatives. Each state is also entitled to select a number of electors (equal to the total number of representatives and senators from that state) to vote in the Electoral College, the body that directly elects the President of the United States. Additionally, each state has the opportunity to ratify constitutional amendments, and, with the consent of Congress, two or more", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 28 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15554730", "chunk_text": "Democracy\na continual and potentially never ending process of social construction. Democracy Democracy ( \"\"\"\", literally \"\"rule by people\"\"), in modern usage, has three senses—all for a system of government where the citizens exercise power by voting. In a direct democracy, the citizens as a whole form a governing body and vote directly on each issue. In a representative democracy the citizens elect representatives from among themselves. These representatives meet to form a governing body, such as a legislature. In a constitutional democracy the powers of the majority are exercised within the framework of a representative democracy, but the constitution limits", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 29 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4291000", "chunk_text": "\"Constitution of Chad\"\nfrom article 106 to article 124. The legislative power is in the hands of the National Assembly and the Senate; while National Assembly representatives are directly elected by universal suffrage, those to the Senate represent the Decentralised Territorial Collectivities and are elected indirectly by a college composed regional, départemental and municipal councillors. While the firsts are elected for four years, the seconds are elected for six. Deputees and Senators enjoy parliamentary immunity from legal prosecution, except when the parliamentarian is caught in the act. A parliamentarian may be legally persecuted and even arrested by decision of his chamber of Parliament.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 30 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11892515", "chunk_text": "\"Constitution of Mauritania\"\nfreedom of movement, expression, assembly, association, commerce, and intellectual creation. Under the constitution, the President is elected by universal direct suffrage and is vested with the executive powers including supreme command of the armed forces, right of appointment to civil and military offices, and promulgation and execution of the law. He is subject to constraints by the Parliament. The Parliament under the constitution consists of a National Assembly and a Senate, the members of whom are given immunity to prosecution based on their votes. The constitution provides for situations where the President may call for an extraordinary session of Parliament.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 31 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11602138", "chunk_text": "\"Separation of powers\"\nand it established the implication of Judicial review in \"\"Marbury v. Madison\"\" under the Marshall court. The presidential system adopted by the Constitution of the United States obeys the balance of powers sought, and not found, by the constitutional monarchy. The people appoint their representatives to meet periodically in a legislative body, and, since they do not have a king, the people themselves elect a preeminent citizen to perform, also periodically, the executive functions of the State. The direct election of the head of state or of the executive power is an inevitable consequence of the political freedom of the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 32 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17135556", "chunk_text": "\"Faithless electors in the 2016 United States presidential election\"\ndecision to the U.S. Senate. In the unique system of presidential elections of the United States of America, which was established as a republic (representative democracy), the president is not determined directly by the popular vote of the national electorate, but indirectly through the mechanism of the Electoral College determined by cumulative wins of the popular votes of state electorates. In this system of representative democracy, a presidential candidate is deemed to have won a presidential race if that candidate wins a simple majority of the electoral college vote. Electors are selected based on a state-by-state basis; some states choose", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 33 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8376496", "chunk_text": "Democracy\nDemocracy Democracy ( \"\"\"\", literally \"\"rule by people\"\"), in modern usage, has three senses—all for a system of government where the citizens exercise power by voting. In a direct democracy, the citizens as a whole form a governing body and vote directly on each issue. In a representative democracy the citizens elect representatives from among themselves. These representatives meet to form a governing body, such as a legislature. In a constitutional democracy the powers of the majority are exercised within the framework of a representative democracy, but the constitution limits the majority and protects the minority, usually through the enjoyment", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 34 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6506431", "chunk_text": "\"Elections in the United States\"\ncampaign finance information, to enforce the provisions of the law such as the limits and prohibitions on contributions, and to oversee the public funding of U.S. presidential elections. [[File:US Electoral Systems.svg\|thumb\|300px\| [[Category:Elections in the United States\| ]] [[Category:Voting in the United States]] Elections in the United States Elections in the United States are held for government officials at the federal, state, and local levels. At the federal level, the nation's head of state, the President, is elected indirectly by the people of each state, through an Electoral College. Today, these electors almost always vote with the popular vote of their", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 35 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19675748", "chunk_text": "\"Government of Sri Lanka\"\nhas been formally amended 19 times. The President, directly elected for a five-year term, is head of state, head of government, and commander in chief of the armed forces. The election occurs under the Sri Lankan form of the contingent vote. Responsible to Parliament for the exercise of duties under the constitution and laws, the president may be removed from office by a two-thirds vote of Parliament with the concurrence of the Supreme Court. The President appoints and heads a cabinet of ministers responsible to Parliament. The President's deputy is the prime minister, who leads the ruling party in Parliament.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 36 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20761986", "chunk_text": "\"United States Electoral College\"\nlarge victory margins for Barack Obama in the 2012 election and for Hillary Clinton in 2016. United States Electoral College The United States Electoral College is a body of electors established by the United States Constitution, constituted every four years for the sole purpose of electing the president and vice president of the United States. The Electoral College consists of 538 electors, and an absolute majority of 270 electoral votes is required to win an election. Pursuant to , the legislature of each state determines the manner by which its electors are chosen. Each state's number of electors is equal", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 37 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5802718", "chunk_text": "Presidency\nin the Electoral College will win the presidential or vice presidential election. As a republic with a presidential executive, Brazil grants significant powers to the president. According to the Federal Constitution, he or she effectively controls the executive branch, represents the country abroad, and appoints the cabinet and, with the approval of the Federal Senate, the judges for the Supreme Federal Court. The president is also the commander-in-chief of the armed forces. The president also have significant lawmaking powers, exercised either by proposing laws to the National Congress, or else by using \"\"Medidas Provisórias\"\" (provisional measures), an instrument with the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 38 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5477464", "chunk_text": "\"U.S. state\"\nfrom that state; the District of Columbia is entitled to three electors. While the Constitution does set parameters for the election of federal officials, state law, not federal, regulates most aspects of elections in the U.S., including: primaries, the eligibility of voters (beyond the basic constitutional definition), the running of each state's electoral college, as well as the running of state and local elections. All elections—federal, state and local—are administered by the individual states, and some voting rules and procedures may differ among them. Article V of the Constitution accords states a key role in the process of amending the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 39 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11495748", "chunk_text": "Republic\nestablished the legitimacy of the United States president as resulting from the signing of the Constitution by nine states. The idea that direct election is required for legitimacy also contradicts the spirit of the Great Compromise, whose actual result was manifest in the clause that provides voters in smaller states with more representation in presidential selection than those in large states; for example citizens of Wyoming in 2016 had 3.6 times as much electoral vote representation as citizens of California.. In states with a parliamentary system the president is usually elected by the parliament. This indirect election subordinates the president", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 40 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3884443", "chunk_text": "\"United States presidential election\"\nas the total number of its Senators and Representatives in Congress, while, per the Twenty-third Amendment ratified in 1961, Washington, D.C. casts the same number of electoral votes as the least-represented state, which is three. Also under Clause 2, the manner for choosing electors is determined by each state legislature, not directly by the federal government. Many state legislatures previously selected their electors directly, but over time all of them switched to using the popular vote to help determine electors, which persists today. Once chosen, electors generally cast their electoral votes for the candidate who won the plurality in their", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 41 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1146490", "chunk_text": "\"Article Two of the United States Constitution\"\nmore electors. While Senators, Representatives and federal officers are barred from becoming Electors, in practice the two major federal parties frequently select senior officials at the state level (up to and including Governors) to serve as Electors. In modern practice, each state chooses its electors in popular elections. Once chosen, the electors meet in their respective states to cast ballots for the President and Vice President. Originally, each elector cast two votes for President; at least one of the individuals voted for had to be from a state different from the elector's. The individual with the majority of votes became", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 42 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20553154", "chunk_text": "\"Federal voting rights in Puerto Rico\"\ndirect popular vote and that the President and the Vice President shall be elected by electors chosen by the States. Puerto Rico is a territory under the sovereignty of the federal government, but is not part of any state nor is it a state itself. It has been organized (given a measure of self-rule by the Congress) subject to the Congress' plenary powers under the territorial clause of Article IV, sec. 3, of the U.S. Constitution. In the U.S. House of Representatives, Puerto Rico is entitled to a Resident Commissioner, a delegate who is not allowed to vote on the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 43 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3828885", "chunk_text": "\"United States Electoral College\"\nthat candidate to become the \"\"president-elect\"\". Additionally, delegations from at least two thirds of all the states must be present for voting to take place. The House continues balloting until it elects a president. The House of Representatives has chosen the president only twice: in 1801 under Article II, Section 1, Clause 3; and in 1825 under the Twelfth Amendment. In a contingent presidential election, the House of Representatives, voting by state, elects the president, choosing from among the three candidates who received the most electoral votes. In a contingent vice presidential election, the Senate elects the vice president, choosing", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 44 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6874799", "chunk_text": "\"Presidential election\"\nCollege at the state level. In the U.S., the presidential elections at the state-level decide which people shall become members of the Electoral College for each state, and those members of the Electoral College in turn cast their votes for the presidential candidates. The first recorded Electoral College presidential election in the United States was in 1788−1789, in which George Washington won. The President of Venezuela is elected by the public to a six-year term. Presidential election A presidential election is the election of any head of state whose official title is President. The President of Albania is elected by", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 45 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3827185", "chunk_text": "\"United States Electoral College\"\nfor either or both offices receives a majority, then choice falls to Congress in a procedure known as contingent election. Even though the aggregate national popular vote is calculated by state officials, media organizations, and the Federal Election Commission, the people only indirectly elect the president, as the national popular vote is not the basis for electing the president or vice president. The president and vice president of the United States are elected by the Electoral College, which consists of 538 presidential electors from the fifty states and Washington, D.C. Presidential electors are selected on a state-by-state basis, as determined", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 46 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2972449", "chunk_text": "\"Electoral College (India)\"\nElectoral College (India) The President is indirectly elected by means of an electoral college consisting of the elected members of the Parliament of India and the Legislative assemblies of the States and the Union Territories of Delhi and Pondicherry. The number and value of votes are based on the population in 1971 rather than the current population, as a result of the 42nd Amendment, and extended by the 84th Amendment, with the intention to encourage family planning programs in the states by ensuring that states are not penalized for lowering their population growth. The Vice President is elected by a", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 47 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3884474", "chunk_text": "\"United States presidential election\"\nwho do not cast their electoral votes for the person whom they have pledged to elect. In early January, the total Electoral College vote count is opened by the sitting Vice President, acting in his capacity as President of the Senate, and read aloud to a joint session of the incoming Congress, which was elected at the same time as the President. If no candidate receives a majority of the electoral vote (at least 270), the President is determined by the rules outlined by the 12th Amendment. Specifically, the selection of President would then be decided by a contingent election", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 48 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5229195", "chunk_text": "\"State constitutional officer\"\nof Michigan establishes an appointed state treasurer. However, most appointed positions are specifically established by statute or executive order. Similar to the United States Constitution, the constitution of each state may require that the legislature choose officers. For example, Article II of the Pennsylvania Constitution requires that the Senate elect a President pro tempore, who presides over the senate when the Lieutenant Governor is absent, and that the House of Representatives elect a Speaker. In contrast, Article V of the Montana Constitution only requires that each house choose its own officers from among members of that house. In many states,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 49 } ]
test_3559	when did the lion king start on broadway?	n/a	[ "Broadway", "October 15, 1997", "July 8, 1997", "November 13, 1997" ]	[]	n/a	n/a	n/a	[]	[ { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16090458", "chunk_text": "\"The Lion King (musical)\"\nan instant success before premiering on Broadway at the New Amsterdam Theater on October 15, 1997 in many previews with the official opening on November 13, 1997. On June 13, 2006, the Broadway production moved to the Minskoff Theatre to make way for the musical version of \"\"Mary Poppins\"\", where it is still running after more than 8,500 performances. It is Broadway's third longest-running show in history, and has grossed more than $1 billion, making it the highest grossing Broadway production of all time. Over 95 million people worldwide have seen the musical and it has earned numerous awards and", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 0 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9758189", "chunk_text": "\"The Lion King (franchise)\"\neven before premiering on Broadway at the New Amsterdam Theater on October 15, 1997 in previews with the official opening on November 13, 1997. On June 13, 2006, the Broadway production moved to the Minskoff Theatre to make way for the musical version of \"\"Mary Poppins\"\", where it is still running. It is now Broadway's third-longest-running show in history. The show debuted in the West End's Lyceum Theatre on October 19, 1999 and is still running. The cast of the West End production were invited to perform at the Royal Variety Performance 2008 at the London Palladium on December 11,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 1 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12919858", "chunk_text": "\"The Lion King (musical)\"\nhonors, including six Tony Awards, one for Best Musical and Best Direction of a Musical, making director Julie Taymor the first woman to earn such an honor. The show opened in the West End's Lyceum Theatre on October 19, 1999, and is still running after more than 7,500 performances. The cast of the West End production were invited to perform at the Royal Variety Performance in 1999 and 2008, in the presence of senior members of the British Royal Family. In September 2014, \"\"The Lion King\"\" became the top-earning title in box-office history for both stage productions and films, surpassing", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 2 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "694352", "chunk_text": "\"The Lion King\"\nin October 1997 at the New Amsterdam Theatre. \"\"The Lion King\"\" musical was directed by Julie Taymor and featured songs from both the movie and \"\"Rhythm of the Pride Lands\"\", along with three new compositions by Elton John and Tim Rice. Mark Mancina did the musical arrangements and new orchestral tracks. The musical became one of the most successful in Broadway history, winning six Tony Awards including Best Musical, and despite moving to the Minskoff Theatre in 2006, is still running to this day in New York, becoming the third longest-running show and highest grossing Broadway production in history. The", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 3 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12919856", "chunk_text": "\"The Lion King (musical)\"\nThe Lion King (musical) The Lion King is a musical based on the 1994 Walt Disney Animation Studios' animated feature film of the same name with music by Elton John, lyrics by Tim Rice, and book by Roger Allers and Irene Mecchi, along with additional music and lyrics by Lebo M, Mark Mancina, Jay Rifkin, Julie Taymor, and Hans Zimmer. Directed by Taymor, the musical features actors in animal costumes as well as giant, hollow puppets. The show is produced by Disney Theatrical Productions. The musical debuted on July 8, 1997 in Minneapolis, Minnesota at the Orpheum Theatre and was", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 4 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1209936", "chunk_text": "\"The Lion King (musical)\"\nDecember 30, 2011, it turned into the second longest run the show had in a same American city (only coming after Broadway), running longer than the 2000–2003 Los Angeles Production. A Los Angeles production began performances at the Pantages Theatre on September 29, 2000, with an official opening on October 19, 2000. The show closed on January 12, 2003, after 952 performances. The cast of this production performed a set of the show's songs in The Tonight Show with Jay Leno on October 2, 2001. The cast was led by Walker. A Canadian production was staged in Toronto and ran", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 5 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14082343", "chunk_text": "\"Disney Theatrical Productions\"\nsets and costumes. The show debuted July 8, 1997, in Minneapolis, Minnesota at the Orpheum Theatre, before premiering on Broadway at the New Amsterdam Theater on October 15, 1997 in previews with the official opening on November 13, 1997. On June 13, 2006, the Broadway production moved to the Minskoff Theatre to make way for the musical version of \"\"Mary Poppins\"\", which later was replaced by \"\"Aladdin\"\". It is now Broadway's third longest-running show in history. The show uses a range of theatrical techniques, and is not a conventional musical. It has consistently been one of the highest grossing musicals", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 6 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1209940", "chunk_text": "\"The Lion King (musical)\"\n2014. After the success of the Broadway show, the show opened in the United Kingdom in on October 19, 1999. The cast included Cornell John as Mufasa, Luke Youngblood as Young Simba, Dominique Moore as Young Nala, Martyn Ellis as Pumbaa, Simon Gregor as Timon, Rob Edwards as Scar, Paul J. Medford as Banzai and Josette Bushell-Mingo as Rafiki. As of October 2015, it has been playing at the Lyceum Theatre in London for 16 years. Taymor directed the British production of the show, with Melissa De Melo as the producer. The show also toured the UK from 2012 until", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 7 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1209943", "chunk_text": "\"The Lion King (musical)\"\nThis production won several Moliére Awards and closed on July 25, 2010, after being watched by over a million people. On October 20, 2011, the first Spanish production opened at Teatro Lope de Vega in Madrid, where it is still running after more than 2,900 performances. In Basel, Switzerland, the musical was performed for the first time from March 12, 2015, until October 11, 2015. Beginning in June 2007, \"\"The Lion King\"\" debuted its first-ever performance on the African continent in Johannesburg, South Africa at the Teatro at Montecasino. \"\"The Lion King\"\" was the first production to take place in", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 8 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9346647", "chunk_text": "\"Minskoff Theatre\"\nMinskoff Theatre The Minskoff Theatre is a Broadway theatre, located at 1515 Broadway in Midtown Manhattan. It is currently home to the musical \"\"The Lion King\"\", based on the Disney animated film of the same name. The 1,621-seat venue, designed by architects Kahn and Jacobs, is on the third floor of One Astor Plaza, an office tower constructed on the site of the Astor Hotel. Named after Sam Minskoff and Sons (Henry H. Minskoff, Jerome Minskoff, Myron Minskoff, and Leo Minskoff), builders and owners of the high-rise building, it opened March 13, 1973, with a revival of \"\"Irene\"\" starring Debbie", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 9 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1209937", "chunk_text": "\"The Lion King (musical)\"\nfor nearly four years at the Princess of Wales Theatre. The show was directed by the original director Julie Taymor and premiered on April 25, 2000. The Lion King ran until January 2004 when it had its final performance. This first Canadian staging comprised 1,560 performances and was seen by 2.9 million people according to David Mirvish, whose Mirvish Productions theater and management company owns and operates the theater. The \"\"\"\" star Raymond Ablack starred as Young Simba In 2001. The show returned for a five-week engagement that began in April 2011, as part of the North American tour The", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 10 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12127549", "chunk_text": "\"Disney Theatrical Productions\"\na one-act version of the stage musical (based on the adaptation) was made available on August 10, 2018 for licensing. Disney Theatrical Productions' \"\"Newsies\"\" debuted in cinemas on February 19, 2017. The show began previews in New York City on March 9, 1994 and officially opened at the Palace Theatre on April 18, 1994. The musical was the first Broadway adaptation by Disney, based on the 1991 animated film by Linda Woolverton and with music and lyrics by Alan Menken, Howard Ashman and Tim Rice. Several new songs were written for the Broadway musical, including \"\"Home\"\", a ballad sung by", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 11 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18332799", "chunk_text": "Simba\nfilm. Directed by Julie Taymor, with a book by Irene Mecchi and Roger Allers, \"\"The Lion King \"\"premiered at the New Amsterdam Theatre on November 13, 1997, where it ran for nine years until being moved to the Minskoff Theatre on June 13, 2006. The role of Simba was originated by Scott Irby-Ranniar and Jason Raize, with Irby-Ranniar portraying Young Simba and Raize portraying Adult Simba. Raize auditioned for the role of Adult Simba after hearing that Taymor was looking to cast an actor who was of \"\"unidentifiable ethnicity.\"\" Raize revealed in an interview that there was a lot of", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 12 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9758175", "chunk_text": "\"The Lion King (franchise)\"\nof lions who oversee a large swath of African savanna as their \"\"kingdom\"\" known as the Pride Lands, with their leader Simba watching over it as \"\"king\"\". The first three animated films are widely known for being influenced by the works of William Shakespeare, as well as other works based on his material. \"\"The Lion King\"\" is the original film of the franchise. It was directed by Roger Allers and Rob Minkoff. It was produced by Walt Disney Feature Animation, premiered in selected cities on June 15, 1994, and widely released to theaters on June 24, 1994 by Walt Disney", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 13 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1209942", "chunk_text": "\"The Lion King (musical)\"\nthe boats are decorated in the colors of the musical and are named after characters in the musical (such as \"\"Nala\"\" and its sister ship \"\"Rafiki\"\"). A Dutch production of the show was produced by Joop van den Ende Theaterproducties/Stage Entertainment and Disney Theatrical Group and played at the Circustheater in Scheveningen and ran from April 4, 2004, until August 27, 2006, replaced by another Disney musical, \"\"Tarzan\"\". A revival of the show's Dutch production began performances in the same Circustheater in October 2016. The show's French production debuted in Paris on September 22, 2007, in Stage Entertainment's Théâtre Mogador.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 14 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14082349", "chunk_text": "\"Disney Theatrical Productions\"\nwith scenic design by Kenneth Foy, aerial design by Paul Rubin and lighting design by Ken Billington. The production was ultimately cancelled. The musical began Broadway previews on November 3, 2007 and opened on January 10, 2008 at the Lunt-Fontanne Theatre, even through trouble due to the Local One stagehands strike, which ended on November 28, 2007. The world premiere took place at The Ellie Caulkins Opera House at the Denver Center of the Performing Arts in Denver, Colorado. The show features every song from the movie, as well as nine new songs written by Menken and lyricist Glenn Slater.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 15 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1209938", "chunk_text": "\"The Lion King (musical)\"\nmusical had a Mexican limited run (in English) between January 3 and January 27, 2008, in Mexico City, as part of the U.S. national tour. In May 2014, it was confirmed a new production of the musical, this time in Spanish. The production ran from May 7, 2015 to January 14, 2018 at the Teatro Telcel in Mexico City for 950 performances. Carlos Rivera returned to the role of Simba, which he also took in Spain four years earlier. The lyrics of the songs of this production differed from the European Spanish one. South-African actress Shirley Hlahatse was chosen as", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 16 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17946263", "chunk_text": "\"The King and I\"\nas well as by a love to which neither can admit. The musical premiered on March 29, 1951, at Broadway's St. James Theatre. It ran for nearly three years, making it the fourth longest-running Broadway musical in history at the time, and has had many tours and revivals. In 1950, theatrical attorney Fanny Holtzmann was looking for a part for her client, veteran leading lady Gertrude Lawrence. Holtzmann realized that Landon's book would provide an ideal vehicle and contacted Rodgers and Hammerstein, who were initially reluctant but agreed to write the musical. The pair initially sought Rex Harrison to play", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 17 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "694354", "chunk_text": "\"The Lion King\"\na costumed actor as Timon. The attraction opened in April 1998 at Disney World's Animal Kingdom, and in September 2005 in Hong Kong Disneyland's Adventureland. A similar version under the name \"\"The Legend of the Lion King\"\" was featured in Disneyland Paris from 2004 to 2009. The Lion King The Lion King is a 1994 American animated musical film produced by Walt Disney Feature Animation and released by Walt Disney Pictures. It is the 32nd Disney animated feature film, and the fifth animated film produced during a period known as the Disney Renaissance. \"\"The Lion King\"\" was directed by Roger", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 18 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1209935", "chunk_text": "\"The Lion King (musical)\"\nas Pride Rock, the stampede, and the grasslands) were converted to less costly configurations for the touring productions. The sun during the opening is reduced in size for the shorter-lasting tours. Stage sizes are also smaller, and the size of the pit orchestra is decreased. A Las Vegas production opened at Mandalay Bay on May 15, 2009, with previews beginning May 5, 2009. The Las Vegas cast performed on the ninth season of the American dance competition \"\"Dancing With the Stars\"\" on September 23, 2009. Led by Buyi Zama, the cast performed \"\"Circle of Life\"\". When this production closed, on", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 19 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20618810", "chunk_text": "\"The Lion King\"\nas a recurring summon, as well as a playable in the \"\"Lion King\"\" world, known as Pride Lands, in \"\"Kingdom Hearts II\"\". There the plotline is loosely related to the later part of the original film, with all of the main characters except Zazu and Sarabi. \"\"The Lion King\"\" also provides one of the worlds featured in the 2011 action-adventure game \"\"Disney Universe\"\", and Simba was featured in the Nintendo DS title \"\"Disney Friends\"\" (2008). Walt Disney Theatrical produced a musical stage adaptation of the same name, which premiered in Minneapolis, Minnesota in July 1997, and later opened on Broadway", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 20 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4844599", "chunk_text": "\"Broadway (play)\"\nby Jed Harris, \"\"Broadway\"\" opened September 16, 1926, at the Broadhurst Theatre in New York City. The cast is listed in order of appearance: \"\"Broadway\"\" was a smash hit, running for 603 performances. In addition to having his first prominent stage role, cast member Joseph Calleia acted as the company's stage manager and, working for producer Jed Harris, he supervised some ten duplicate productions of \"\"Broadway\"\" in the United States and abroad. Carl Laemmle paid $225,000 for the film rights in 1927, a sum that set a record. Universal Pictures released \"\"Broadway\"\" on September 15, 1929. A 1978 Broadway-bound revival", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 21 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20618779", "chunk_text": "\"The Lion King\"\nKing, Mattel, Kodak, Nestlé and Payless ShoeSource, and various merchandise, accounting 186 licensed products. In 1994, Disney earned approximately $1 billion with products based on the film, with $214 million for \"\"Lion King\"\" toys during Christmas 1994 alone. \"\"The Lion King\"\" was first released on VHS and laserdisc in the United States on March 3, 1995, under Disney's \"\"Masterpiece Collection\"\" video series. The VHS tape contained a special preview for Walt Disney Pictures' then-upcoming animated film \"\"Pocahontas\"\", in which the title character (voiced by Judy Kuhn) sings the musical number \"\"Colors of the Wind\"\". In addition, Deluxe Editions of both", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 22 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1745697", "chunk_text": "\"Beauty and the Beast (1991 film)\"\n\"\"Beauty and the Beast\"\" premiered in a joint production of Theatre Under The Stars and Disney Theatricals at the Music Hall, Houston, Texas, from November 28, 1993 through December 26, 1993. On April 18, 1994, \"\"Beauty and the Beast\"\" premiered on Broadway at the Palace Theatre in New York City to mixed reviews. The show transferred to the Lunt-Fontanne Theatre on November 11, 1999. The commercial (though not critical) success of the show led to productions in the West End, Toronto, and all over the world. The Broadway version, which ran for over a decade, received a Tony Award, and", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 23 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "694322", "chunk_text": "\"The Lion King\"\nand Radio City Music Hall in New York City. It still earned $1,586,753 across the weekend of June 17–19, standing at the tenth place of the box office ranking. The average of $793,377 per theater stands as the largest ever achieved during a weekend. The wide release followed on June 24, 1994, in 2,550 screens. The digital surround sound of the film led many of those theaters to implement Dolby Laboratories' newest sound systems. \"\"The Lion King\"\" grossed $40.9 million – which at the time was the fourth biggest opening weekend earning ever and the highest sum for a Disney", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 24 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13277578", "chunk_text": "\"Beauty and the Beast (musical)\"\non Broadway on April 18, 1994, starring Susan Egan and Terrence Mann as the eponymous Belle and Beast, respectively. The musical opened to mixed reviews from theatre critics, but was a massive commercial success and well received by audiences. \"\"Beauty\"\" ran on Broadway for 5,461 performances for thirteen years (1994 - 2007), becoming Broadway's tenth longest-running production in history. The musical has grossed more than $1.4 billion worldwide and played in thirteen countries and 115 cities. It has also become a popular choice for junior, amateur & high school productions. Still recovering from Walt Disney's demise, Disney's animated films continued", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 25 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14746771", "chunk_text": "\"The Legend of the Lion King\"\nsongs from the movie. The show debuted in Walt Disney World's Magic Kingdom on July 8, 1994; taking place in the same theater that is currently being used for Mickey's PhilharMagic show in Fantasyland. The Legend of The Lion King replaced the 3-D movie \"\"Magic Journeys\"\", which was shown in the Fantasyland Theater for 6 years from December 1987 through December 1993. This show featured what Disney describes as “Disney Humanimals” which are “larger-than-life figures that look just like their animated film counterparts”. The Mufasa Disney Humanimal measured seven feet long from tail to tip, six feet tall, and was", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 26 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9758174", "chunk_text": "\"The Lion King (franchise)\"\nThe Lion King (franchise) The Lion King is a Disney media franchise comprising a film series and additional media. The success of the original 1994 American animated feature, \"\"The Lion King\"\", directed by Roger Allers and Rob Minkoff, led to two direct-to-video sequel films, a television film sequel, two spin-off television series, three educational shorts, several video games, merchandise, and the third-longest-running musical in Broadway history, which garnered six Tony Awards including Best Musical. The franchise as a whole has EGOT-ed, meaning it has won the four biggest awards of American show business. The franchise mainly revolves about a pride", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 27 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8695540", "chunk_text": "\"Disney Theatrical Productions\"\nheld in New York on December 10, 2010. The musical premiered at the Paper Mill Playhouse (Millburn, New Jersey), in September 2011 with Jeff Calhoun as director. \"\"Disney representatives stated that the production was not eyeing a Broadway berth, but is being explored as a property for licensing by professional and amateur groups.\"\" However, due to enthusiastic reviews, the show opened on Broadway on March 29, 2012, at the Nederlander Theatre with an open-ended run. The show was nominated for eight Tony Awards, including Best Musical, winning Best Choreography and Best Original Score. \"\"Newsies\"\" gave its final Broadway performance on", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 28 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16090491", "chunk_text": "\"The Lion King (musical)\"\nwas led by Buyi Zama and was performed in English, though a couple of Chinese elements were added to the story. From June 14, 2016, until October 8, 2017, \"\"The Lion King\"\" returned to China, in a new production that was staged at the 1,200 capacity Walt Disney Grand Theatre, in the Shanghai Disney Resort, where it ran for 500 performances. This production was performed in Mandarin and led by Ntsepa Pitjeng. On March 28, 2018, the first international tour officially opened at the Solaire Resort & Casino in Manila, with confirmed stops in Singapore, South Korea, Taiwan, and South", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 29 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4133201", "chunk_text": "Playbill\nlaunched its first app, called Playbill Passport, on January 4, 2016. For decades, \"\"Playbill\"\" concentrated on Broadway and Off-Broadway theaters, while \"\"Stagebill\"\" focused on concerts, opera, and dance in venues such as Lincoln Center and Carnegie Hall. However, by the late 1990s, \"\"Playbill\"\" was highly profitable; \"\"Stagebill\"\" was not, losing millions of dollars annually by 1998. To increase revenue, \"\"Stagebill\"\" entered \"\"Playbill\"\"s turf. The truce was first breached in 1995, when The Public Theater quietly defected to \"\"Stagebill,\"\" and more noisily in 1997, when Disney contracted \"\"Stagebill\"\" for its musical \"\"The Lion King\"\" at its newly reopened New Amsterdam Theatre.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 30 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5482472", "chunk_text": "\"Beauty and the Beast (musical)\"\ntwo of them sing of how their lives have changed because of love and they dance once more as the company, now changed back to their human form, gathers in the ballroom (\"\"Beauty and the Beast (Reprise)\"\"). \"\"Beauty and the Beast\"\" premiered in a joint production of Theatre Under The Stars and Disney Theatrical at the Music Hall, Houston, Texas, from November 28, 1993, through December 26, 1993. The musical opened on Broadway at the Palace Theatre on April 18, 1994, and ran there until September 5, 1999. The show then transferred to the Lunt-Fontanne Theatre on November 11, 1999,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 31 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12060753", "chunk_text": "\"Disney Theatrical Group\"\nit tells the story of a Nubian slave who falls in love with an Egyptian captain. It was written by Elton John and Tim Rice. It began previews on February 25, 2000 and officially opened on Broadway at the Palace Theatre on March 23, 2000. Aida closed on September 5, 2004 and ran for a total of 30 previews and 1852 performances. The Broadway production won four Tony Awards including Best Actress (Heather Headley), Best Scenic Design, Best Lighting Design and Best Music. Since its run on Broadway, it has had a U.S. national tour and productions around the world.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 32 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "694321", "chunk_text": "\"The Lion King\"\nfeature film (in North America, outside North America, and worldwide) until it was surpassed by the computer animated \"\"Finding Nemo\"\" (2003). With the earnings of the 3D run, \"\"The Lion King\"\" surpassed all the aforementioned films but \"\"Toy Story 3\"\" to rank as the second-highest-grossing animated film worldwide—later dropping to ninth—and it remains the highest-grossing hand-drawn animated film. It is also the biggest animated movie of the last 50 years in terms of estimated attendance. \"\"The Lion King\"\" had a limited release in North America on June 15, 1994, playing in only two theaters, El Capitan Theater in Los Angeles", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 33 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7697126", "chunk_text": "\"Majestic Theatre (Broadway)\"\nopened on January 26, 1988. With a record-breaking 12,806 performances to date, it is currently the longest-running production in Broadway history. Designed by architect Herbert J. Krapp, the present-day Majestic was constructed by the Chanin Brothers as part of an entertainment complex including the John Golden Theatre, the Bernard B. Jacobs Theatre, and Lincoln Hotel (now the Row NYC Hotel, and previously the Milford Plaza). It opened on March 28, 1927 with the musical \"\"Rufus LeMaire's Affairs\"\". The theater was designed in a Spanish style, with Adam style detailing within the auditorium, a large single balcony, and steep stadium seating", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 34 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20618743", "chunk_text": "\"The Lion King\"\nThe Lion King The Lion King is a 1994 American animated musical film produced by Walt Disney Feature Animation and released by Walt Disney Pictures. It is the 32nd Disney animated feature film, and the fifth animated film produced during a period known as the Disney Renaissance. \"\"The Lion King\"\" was directed by Roger Allers and Rob Minkoff, produced by Don Hahn, and has a screenplay credited to Irene Mecchi, Jonathan Roberts, and Linda Woolverton. Its original songs were written by composer Elton John and lyricist Tim Rice, with a score by Hans Zimmer. The film features an ensemble voice", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 35 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12919883", "chunk_text": "\"The Lion King (musical)\"\ncracked jokes and attempted conversations with the audience in Chinese. As of June 27, 2010, nine minutes of the Broadway version were cut, among them the entire \"\"Morning Report\"\" musical number. The song was also removed from subsequent productions and cast recordings, such as the Spanish one. There is currently one U.S. touring production that is touring through the months of September 2018 through June 2019. (At one time there were two US touring productions traveling simultaneously.) The tour version is very similar to the original Broadway production; however, certain scenic elements which rise out of the stage floor (such", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 36 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13335079", "chunk_text": "\"Disney Theatrical Productions\"\n2012, a Dutch production premiered. In November 2010, Alan Menken confirmed that a musical theatre adaptation of the show is in the works with a book written by Chad Beguelin. The show premiered at the 5th Avenue Theatre in Seattle from July 7 to July 31, 2011. Another production played at the Muny Theatre in St. Louis from July 5 – 13, 2012. The musical premiered on Broadway on February 26, 2014 (in previews) and officially on March 20, 2014 at the New Amsterdam Theatre, taking the place of \"\"Mary Poppins\"\", which closed on March 3, 2013. The musical had", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 37 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8695513", "chunk_text": "\"Disney Theatrical Productions\"\nDisney Theatrical Productions Disney Theatrical Productions Limited (DTP), also known as Disney on Broadway, is the flagship stageplay and musical production company of the Disney Theatrical Group, a subsidiary of The Walt Disney Studios, a major business unit of The Walt Disney Company. Founded in 1993 by longtime Disney Entertainment veteran Ron Logan as Walt Disney Theatrical, the division has gained a reputation within the industry for creating professional and popular (both critically and financially) performances, starting with the acclaimed \"\"Beauty and the Beast\"\" in April 19th, 1994 and most recently with \"\"The Jungle Book\"\" in September 23rd, 2019. The", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 38 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18332771", "chunk_text": "Simba\nby the character Bambi from Disney's \"\"Bambi\"\" (1942), as well as the stories of Moses and Joseph from the Bible. Additionally, several similarities have been drawn between Simba and Prince Hamlet from William Shakespeare's \"\"Hamlet.\"\" In 1997, \"\"The Lion King\"\" was adapted into a Broadway musical, with actors Scott Irby-Ranniar and Jason Raize originating the roles of the cub and adult Simbas, respectively. \"\"Simba\"\" is a Swahili word for \"\"lion\"\". It also has other definitions, such as \"\"king\"\". The idea for \"\"The Lion King\"\" originated from Disney chairman Jeffrey Katzenberg in 1989 and was originally conceived under the title \"\"King", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 39 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6949884", "chunk_text": "\"Rodgers and Hammerstein\"\nof a show-stopping number, \"\"Oklahoma!\"\"; the deletion of the musical number \"\"Boys and Girls Like You and Me\"\", which would soon after be replaced with a reprise of \"\"People Will Say We're in Love\"\"; and the decision to re-title the musical after the song. The original Broadway production opened on March 31, 1943, at the St. James Theatre. Although the typical musical of the time was usually written around the talents of a specific performer, such as Ethel Merman or Fred Astaire, no stars were used in the production. Ultimately the original cast included Alfred Drake (Curly), Joan Roberts (Laurey),", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 40 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "694323", "chunk_text": "\"The Lion King\"\nfilm – to top the weekend box office. It also earned a rare \"\"A+\"\" rating from CinemaScore. By the end of its theatrical run, in spring 1995, it had earned $312.9 million, being the second-highest-grossing 1994 film in North America behind \"\"Forrest Gump\"\". Outside North America, it earned $455.8 million during its initial run, for a worldwide total of $768.6 million. Box Office Mojo estimates that the film sold over 74 million tickets in the US in its initial theatrical run. The film was re-issued on December 25, 2002, for IMAX and large-format theaters. Don Hahn explained that eight years", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 41 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19000882", "chunk_text": "Theatre\nthat began in the 1890s, the Princess Theatre musicals of the early 20th century, and comedies in the 1920s and 1930s (such as the works of Rodgers and Hammerstein), with \"\"Oklahoma!\"\" (1943), musicals moved in a more dramatic direction. Famous musicals over the subsequent decades included \"\"My Fair Lady\"\" (1956), \"\"West Side Story\"\" (1957), \"\"The Fantasticks\"\" (1960), \"\"Hair\"\" (1967), \"\"A Chorus Line\"\" (1975), \"\"Les Misérables\"\" (1980), \"\"Into the Woods\"\" (1986), and \"\"The Phantom of the Opera\"\" (1986), as well as more contemporary hits including \"\"Rent\"\" (1994), \"\"The Lion King\"\" (1997), \"\"Wicked\"\" (2003), and \"\"Hamilton\"\" (2015). Musical theatre may be produced", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 42 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17493154", "chunk_text": "\"Gigi (musical)\"\nthe film \"\"Gigi\"\", and Lerner and Loewe then wrote the stage musical. They added four songs and a ballet for the stage adaptation. \"\"Gigi\"\" premiered at the Curran Theatre, San Francisco, on May 15, 1973, and then embarked on a six-month tour. The musical opened on Broadway on November 13, 1973 at the Uris Theatre, where it ran for 103 performances and seven previews. Directed by Joseph Hardy and choreographed by Onna White, the cast featured Karin Wolfe as Gigi, Daniel Massey as Gaston, Maria Karnilova as Mamita, Agnes Moorehead as Aunt Alicia, and Alfred Drake as Honoré. Arlene Francis", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 43 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13766484", "chunk_text": "\"Elton John\"\nMcCartney, Eric Clapton, Phil Collins, Mark Knopfler and Sting. In November 1997, John performed in the BBC's Children in Need charity single \"\"Perfect Day\"\", which reached number one in the UK. In the musical theatre world, \"\"The Lion King\"\" musical debuted on Broadway in 1997 and the West End in 1999. In 2014, it had grossed over $6 billion and became the top-earning title in box-office history for both stage productions and films, surpassing the record previously held by Andrew Lloyd Webber's 1986 musical \"\"The Phantom of the Opera\"\". In addition to \"\"The Lion King\"\", John also composed music for", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 44 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18355945", "chunk_text": "\"The King and I\"\nthe production's 1,246 performances was on March 20, 1954. The run was, at the time, the fourth longest ever for a Broadway musical. A U.S. national tour began on March 22, 1954, at the Community Theatre, Hershey, Pennsylvania, starring Brynner and Morison. The tour played in 30 cities, closing on December 17, 1955, at the Shubert Theatre, Philadelphia. The original London production opened on October 8, 1953, at the Theatre Royal, Drury Lane, and was warmly received by both audiences and critics; it ran for 946 performances. The show was restaged by Jerome Whyte. The cast featured Valerie Hobson, in", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 45 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16090493", "chunk_text": "\"The Lion King (musical)\"\nDisney Company, a recording of the songs as heard in the stage musical. Most of the tracks were composed by African composer Lebo M. and focused primarily on the African influences of the film's original music, with most songs being sung either partially or entirely in various African languages. Rafiki's chants in \"\"Rafiki Mourns\"\" were written by Tsidii Le Loka, who originated the role on Broadway. The original Broadway show included: The Lion King (musical) The Lion King is a musical based on the 1994 Walt Disney Animation Studios' animated feature film of the same name with music by Elton", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 46 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2065094", "chunk_text": "\"Hamilton (musical)\"\nApril 5 and then to May 3. Chernow served as historical consultant to the production. The show opened to universal acclaim according to review aggregator \"\"Did He Like It\"\". \"\"Hamilton\"\" premiered on Broadway at the Richard Rodgers Theatre (also home to Miranda's 2008 Broadway debut \"\"In the Heights\"\") on July 13, 2015 in previews, and opened on August 6, 2015. The production is produced by Jeffrey Seller and features scenic design by David Korins, costumes by Paul Tazewell, lighting by Howell Binkley and sound by Nevin Steinberg, who all reprised their roles from the off-Broadway production. The production was critically", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 47 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1987595", "chunk_text": "\"Pippin (musical)\"\nopened on Broadway the song was replaced with \"\"Extraordinary.\"\" The show premiered at the Imperial Theater on October 23, 1972, and ran for 1,944 performances before closing on June 12, 1977. It was directed and choreographed by Bob Fosse. Original cast: Clive Barnes commented for \"\"The New York Times\"\", \"\"It is a commonplace set to rock music, and I must say I found most of the music somewhat characterless...It is nevertheless consistently tuneful and contains a few rock ballads that could prove memorable.\"\" Advertising for the Broadway production broke new ground with the first TV commercial that actually showed scenes", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 48 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12235349", "chunk_text": "\"The Wiz\"\nreplaced the original director, Gilbert Moses, with Geoffrey Holder in Detroit during out-of-town tryouts. The original Baltimore cast included Renee Harris as Dorothy, Charles Valentino as the Scarecrow, Ben Harney as the Tin Man, Ken Prymus as the Cowardly Lion, and Butterfly McQueen as the Queen of the Field Mice. Only Harney would remain in the Broadway cast, but in a much smaller role. Harris stayed on as understudy for the role of Dorothy, as did McQueen for the role of Addaperle. The musical opened on January 5, 1975 at the Majestic Theatre, with Geoffrey Holder as director and the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 49 } ]
test_3560	when was the movie the wizard of oz made?	n/a	[ "1939", "August 25, 1939" ]	[]	n/a	n/a	n/a	[]	[ { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2339438", "chunk_text": "\"The Wizard of Oz (1939 film)\"\nThe Wizard of Oz (1939 film) The Wizard of Oz is a 1939 American musical fantasy film produced by Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer. Widely considered to be one of the greatest films in cinema history, it is the best-known and most commercially successful adaptation of L. Frank Baum's 1900 children's book \"\"The Wonderful Wizard of Oz.\"\" It was directed primarily by Victor Fleming (who left production to take over direction on the troubled \"\"Gone with the Wind\"\" production). It stars Judy Garland as Dorothy Gale, alongside Ray Bolger, Jack Haley, Bert Lahr, Frank Morgan, Billie Burke, and Margaret Hamilton, with Charley Grapewin, Pat", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 0 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2339439", "chunk_text": "\"The Wizard of Oz (1939 film)\"\nWalshe, and Clara Blandick, Terry (billed as Toto), and Singer's Midgets as the Munchkins. Legendary for its use of Technicolor, fantasy storytelling, musical score and memorable characters, the film has become an icon of American popular culture. It was nominated for six Academy Awards, including Best Picture, but lost to \"\"Gone with the Wind\"\". It did win in two other categories: Best Original Song for \"\"Over the Rainbow\"\" and Best Original Score by Herbert Stothart. While the film was considered a critical success upon release in August 1939, it failed to make a profit for MGM until the 1949 re-release,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 1 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16729599", "chunk_text": "\"The Wizard of Oz (1939 film)\"\nat the Strand Theatre in Oconomowoc, Wisconsin, on August 12. The Hollywood premiere was on August 15, 1939, at Grauman's Chinese Theatre. The New York City premiere, held at Loew's Capitol Theatre on August 17, 1939, was followed by a live performance with Garland and her frequent film co-star Mickey Rooney. They continued to perform there after each screening for a week, extended in Rooney's case for a second week and in Garland's to three (with \"\"Oz\"\" co-stars Ray Bolger and Bert Lahr replacing Rooney for the third and final week). The film opened nationwide on August 25, 1939. According", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 2 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16729626", "chunk_text": "\"The Wizard of Oz (1939 film)\"\nat auction with the rest of her collections by owner actress Debbie Reynolds for $510,000 (not including the buyer's premium) in June 2011. The Wizard of Oz (1939 film) The Wizard of Oz is a 1939 American musical fantasy film produced by Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer. Widely considered to be one of the greatest films in cinema history, it is the best-known and most commercially successful adaptation of L. Frank Baum's 1900 children's book \"\"The Wonderful Wizard of Oz.\"\" It was directed primarily by Victor Fleming (who left production to take over direction on the troubled \"\"Gone with the Wind\"\" production). It stars", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 3 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18198755", "chunk_text": "\"The Wizard of Oz (1939 film)\"\nin honor of its 70th anniversary and as a promotion for various new disc releases later in the month. An encore of this event was released in theaters on November 17, 2009. An IMAX 3D theatrical re-release played at 300 theaters in North America for one week only beginning September 20, 2013, as part of the film's 75th anniversary. Warner Bros. spent $25 million on advertising. The studio hosted a premiere of the film's first IMAX 3D release on September 15, 2013, from the newly remodeled TCL Chinese Theatre (formerly Grauman's Chinese Theatre, the site of the film's Hollywood premiere)", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 4 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2339473", "chunk_text": "\"The Wizard of Oz (1939 film)\"\nin directing \"\"Gone with the Wind\"\"; the next day, King Vidor was assigned as director by the studio to finish the filming of \"\"The Wizard of Oz\"\" (mainly the sepia-toned Kansas sequences, including Garland's singing of \"\"Over the Rainbow\"\" and the tornado). In later years, when the film became firmly established as a classic, Vidor chose not to take public credit for his contribution until after the death of his friend Fleming in 1949. Principal photography concluded with the Kansas sequences on March 16, 1939; nonetheless, reshoots and pick-up shots were filmed throughout April and May and into June, under", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 5 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2339464", "chunk_text": "\"The Wizard of Oz (1939 film)\"\npresented to her. But Baum biographer Michael Patrick Hearn says the Baum family denies ever seeing the coat or knowing of the story; Hamilton considered it a concocted studio rumor. Filming commenced October 13, 1938, on the MGM lot in Culver City, California, under the direction of Richard Thorpe (replacing original director Norman Taurog, who filmed only a few early Technicolor tests and was then reassigned). Thorpe initially shot about two weeks of footage (nine days in total) involving Dorothy's first encounter with the Scarecrow, as well as a number of sequences in the Wicked Witch's castle, such as Dorothy's", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 6 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16729610", "chunk_text": "\"The Wizard of Oz (1939 film)\"\nthe 3D version received a PG rating for \"\"Some scary moments\"\", although no change was made to the film's original story content. The 2D version still retains its G rating. The film was rereleased on January 11 and 14, 2015, as part of the \"\"TCM Presents\"\" series by Turner Classic Movies. The film was first shown on television on November 3, 1956, by CBS, as the last installment of the \"\"Ford Star Jubilee\"\". The film was released multiple times for the home-video commercial market (on a limited scale) on Super 8 film (8 mm format) during the 1970s. These releases", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 7 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18198703", "chunk_text": "\"The Wizard of Oz (1939 film)\"\na dream, but Dorothy insists it was real, and says she has learned there is no place like home. Development began when Walt Disney's \"\"Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs\"\" (1937) showed that films adapted from popular children's stories and fairytale folklore could be successful. In January 1938, Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer bought the rights to L. Frank Baum’s hugely popular novel from Samuel Goldwyn, who had toyed with the idea of making the film as a vehicle for Eddie Cantor, who was under contract to the Goldwyn studios and whom Goldwyn wanted to cast as the Scarecrow. The script went through a", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 8 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13724544", "chunk_text": "\"The Wonderful Wizard of Oz\"\nown reward.\"\" After Baum's death in 1919, Baum's publishers delegated the creation of more sequels to Ruth Plumly Thompson who wrote 21. An original \"\"Oz\"\" book was published every Christmas between 1913 and 1942. By 1956, five million copies of the \"\"Oz\"\" books had been published in the English language, while hundreds of thousands had been published in eight foreign languages. \"\"The Wonderful Wizard of Oz\"\" has been adapted to other media numerous times, most famously in \"\"The Wizard of Oz\"\", the 1939 film starring Judy Garland, Ray Bolger, Jack Haley, and Bert Lahr. Until this version, the book had", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 9 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18198763", "chunk_text": "\"The Wizard of Oz (1939 film)\"\nit left the stage and an unsuccessful motion picture made in 1978, starring Diana Ross as Dorothy and Michael Jackson as the Scarecrow. In 1985, Walt Disney Productions released the live-action fantasy film \"\"Return to Oz\"\", which starred (and introduced) Fairuza Balk as a young Dorothy Gale. Based loosely on \"\"The Marvelous Land of Oz\"\" (1904) and \"\"Ozma of Oz\"\" (1907), it fared rather poorly with critics who were unfamiliar with the \"\"Oz\"\" books and was not successful at the box office, although it has since become a popular cult film, with many considering it a more loyal and faithful", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 10 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6536086", "chunk_text": "\"The Making of The Wizard of Oz\"\nThe Making of The Wizard of Oz The Making of the Wizard Of Oz, written by film historian Aljean Harmetz, is a book about the production of the 1939 film \"\"The Wizard of Oz\"\". It was the second book ever published documenting the making of this film, released a year after Doug McClelland's 1976 work \"\"Down the Yellow Brick Road\"\". The book was published in November 1977, after the film had been telecast a total of nineteen times. With 93 photos, the book tells readers how the film was made and describes the Golden Era of moviemaking in the 1930s", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 11 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20649596", "chunk_text": "\"The Wizard of Oz (1939 film)\"\nthe Year, and came to be identified so strongly with Garland herself that she made it her theme song. After the preview in San Luis Obispo in early July, the film was officially released in August 1939 at its current 101-minute running time. Arnold Gillespie was the special effects director for the film. The tornado scene was especially costly. Gillespie used muslin cloth to make the tornado flexible after a previous attempt with rubber failed. He hung the 35 feet of muslin to a steel gantry and connected the bottom to a rod. By moving the gantry and rod, he", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 12 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18198695", "chunk_text": "\"The Wizard of Oz (1939 film)\"\nearning only $3,017,000 on a $2,777,000 budget, not including promotional costs, which made it MGM's most expensive production at that time. The 1956 television broadcast premiere of the film on the CBS network reintroduced the film to the public; watching it became an annual tradition and, according to the Library of Congress, it is the most seen film in movie history. It was among the first 25 films that inaugurated the National Film Registry list in 1989. It is also one of the few films on UNESCO's Memory of the World Register. The film is among the top ten in", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 13 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12799292", "chunk_text": "\"The Wiz (film)\"\nThe Wiz (film) The Wiz is a 1978 American musical adventure fantasy film produced by Universal Pictures and Motown Productions, and released by Universal Pictures on October 24, 1978. A reimagining of L. Frank Baum's classic 1900 children's novel \"\"The Wonderful Wizard of Oz\"\" featuring an all-black cast, the film was loosely adapted from the 1974 Broadway musical of the same name. It follows the adventures of Dorothy, a shy, twenty-four-year-old Harlem schoolteacher who finds herself magically transported to the urban fantasy Land of Oz, which resembles a drug-induced dream version of New York City. Befriended by a Scarecrow, a", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 14 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20785875", "chunk_text": "\"The Wizard of Oz (1939 film)\"\ncritical consensus reads, \"\"An absolute masterpiece whose groundbreaking visuals and deft storytelling are still every bit as resonant, \"\"The Wizard of Oz\"\" is a must-see film for young and old.\"\" At Metacritic, which assigns a normalized rating to reviews, the film received the maximum score of 100 out of 100, based on 4 reviews, indicating \"\"universal acclaim\"\", which, as of August 2017, is matched only by five other films. Although the 1949 reissue used sepia tone, as in the original release, beginning with the 1955 re-issue, and continuing until the film's 50th anniversary VHS release in 1989, the opening Kansas", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 15 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2339478", "chunk_text": "\"The Wizard of Oz (1939 film)\"\n5, 1939. \"\"Oz\"\" initially ran nearly two hours long. LeRoy and Fleming knew that at least 15 minutes needed to be deleted to get the film down to a manageable running time; the average film in 1939 ran for just about 90 minutes. Three sneak previews in Santa Barbara, Pomona and San Luis Obispo, California, helped guide LeRoy and Fleming in the cutting. Among the many cuts were \"\"The Jitterbug\"\" number, the Scarecrow's elaborate dance sequence following \"\"If I Only Had a Brain\"\", reprises of \"\"Over the Rainbow\"\" and \"\"Ding-Dong! The Witch Is Dead\"\", and a number of smaller dialogue", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 16 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2339469", "chunk_text": "\"The Wizard of Oz (1939 film)\"\nbetter suit Dorothy's initial meeting with the Scarecrow (initially, it was to contrast with his lively manner in Thorpe's footage), and was rerecorded as such. At first thought to be lost for over seven decades, a recording of this original version was rediscovered in 2009. Cukor did not actually shoot any scenes for the film, merely acting as something of a \"\"creative advisor\"\" to the troubled production, and, because of his prior commitment to direct \"\"Gone with the Wind\"\", he left on November 3, 1938, when Victor Fleming assumed directorial responsibility. As director, Fleming chose not to shift the film", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 17 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18198707", "chunk_text": "\"The Wizard of Oz (1939 film)\"\nthe script was completed on October 8, 1938, following numerous rewrites. All in all, it was a mish-mash of many creative minds, but Langley, Ryerson, and Woolf got the film credits. Along with the contributors already mentioned, others who assisted with the adaptation without receiving credit include: Irving Brecher, Herbert Fields, Arthur Freed, Yip Harburg, Samuel Hoffenstein, Jack Mintz, Sid Silvers, Richard Thorpe, Cukor and Vidor. In addition, songwriter Harburg's son (and biographer) Ernie Harburg reported: The original producers thought that a 1939 audience was too sophisticated to accept Oz as a straight-ahead fantasy; therefore, it was reconceived as a", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 18 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15009678", "chunk_text": "\"The Wizard of Oz (1933 film)\"\nThe Wizard of Oz (1933 film) The Wizard of Oz (1933) is a Canadian animated short film directed by Ted Eshbaugh. The story is credited to \"\"Col. Frank Baum.\"\" Frank Joslyn Baum, a Lieutenant Colonel in the United States Army and eldest son of writer L. Frank Baum, was involved in the film's production, and may have had an involvement in the film's script, which is loosely inspired by the elder Baum's novel, \"\"The Wonderful Wizard of Oz\"\". It runs approximately eight and a half minutes and is nearly absent of language, working mainly with arrangements of classical music created", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 19 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12572330", "chunk_text": "\"The Wizard of Oz (1933 film)\"\nby Carl W. Stalling. The film was originally made in Technicolor, but because it was made without proper licensing from the Technicolor Corporation (which limited use of its 3-strip process to Disney), it never received a theatrical release. A tornado sweeps through the plains of Kansas, lifting Dorothy and Toto. The two tumble into Oz, landing on the Scarecrow. After freeing him from his pole, the trio stroll together, soon finding a Tin Woodman and oiling him. After the four watch mating rituals of various animals set to strains of Camille Saint-Saëns's \"\"The Swan\"\", they are welcomed into the Emerald", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 20 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7955126", "chunk_text": "\"Judy Garland\"\n13, 1938, and was completed on March 16, 1939, with a final cost of more than US$2 million. With the conclusion of filming, MGM kept Garland busy with promotional tours and the shooting of \"\"Babes in Arms\"\", directed by Busby Berkeley. She and Rooney were sent on a cross-country promotional tour, culminating in the August 17 New York City premiere at the Capitol Theater, which included a five-show-a-day appearance schedule for the two stars. Garland was forced into a strict diet during filming; she was given tobacco to suppress her appetite. \"\"The Wizard of Oz\"\" was a tremendous critical success,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 21 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2339470", "chunk_text": "\"The Wizard of Oz (1939 film)\"\nfrom Cukor's creative realignment, as producer LeRoy had already pronounced his satisfaction with the new course the film was taking. Production on the bulk of the Technicolor sequences was a long and exhausting process that ran for over six months, from October 1938 to March 1939. Most of the cast worked six days a week and had to arrive as early as 4:00 a.m. to be fitted with makeup and costumes, and often did not leave until 7 pm or later. Cumbersome makeup and costumes were made even more uncomfortable by the daylight-bright lighting the early Technicolor process required, which", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 22 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15311237", "chunk_text": "\"The Wizard of Oz (1925 film)\"\nThe Wizard of Oz (1925 film) The Wizard of Oz is a 1925 American silent fantasy-adventure comedy film directed by Larry Semon, who also performs in the lead role as a Kansas farmhand and later in the story disguised as the Scarecrow. This production, which is the only completed 1920s adaptation of L. Frank Baum's novel \"\"The Wonderful Wizard of Oz\"\", costars Dorothy Dwan as Dorothy, Oliver Hardy as the Tin Woodman in a portion of the film, and Spencer Bell briefly disguised as a less \"\"cowardly\"\" Lion than in the 1939 Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer version of Baum's work. The 1925 film,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 23 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11503419", "chunk_text": "\"The Wizard of Oz (1925 film)\"\nthe \"\"screen disaster\"\". In fact, he too filed for bankruptcy in March 1928; and when he died at the age of 39 later that year—just three years after the release of \"\"The Wizard of Oz\"\"—\"\"Variety\"\" attributed \"\"ceaseless worry\"\" about his dire financial circumstances as a contributing factor to Semon's early death. The film was first broadcast in 1931 by television station W2XCD of Passaic, New Jersey, owned by the DeForest Radio Company, serialized over the nights of June 8, 9, and 10. Since this version of \"\"The Wizard of Oz\"\" is in the public domain, many home-media releases of the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 24 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15922657", "chunk_text": "\"The Wizard of Oz on television\"\nuntil 1959. The 1959-1962 broadcasts occurred in autumn between Thanksgiving and Christmas. Beginning with the 1963-64 season, these special presentations were seen in the first quarter of the year. The film was not broadcast in the U.S. in 1963, 1992, 1995, or 1997. The film was first issued on home video formats in 1980. \"\"The Wizard of Oz\"\", which had been a critical but only modest financial success during its theatrical run, was chosen to be the first Hollywood film to be shown uncut in prime time on a coast to coast television network. The first telecast took place on", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 25 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14124804", "chunk_text": "\"The Wizard of Oz on television\"\n21, 2008, TNT The Wizard of Oz on television MGM's 1939 musical fantasy film \"\"The Wizard of Oz\"\" was first shown in theatres that year, then re-released nationwide in 1949 and again in 1955. It was first broadcast on television on Saturday, November 3, 1956. The film was shown as the last installment of the CBS anthology series \"\"Ford Star Jubilee\"\". Since that telecast, it has been shown respectively by CBS, NBC, the WB Network, and several of Ted Turner's national cable channels. It has never been licensed to any local affiliate broadcast TV station. From 1959 until 1991, it", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 26 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3498787", "chunk_text": "\"The Wizard of Oz on television\"\nThe Wizard of Oz on television MGM's 1939 musical fantasy film \"\"The Wizard of Oz\"\" was first shown in theatres that year, then re-released nationwide in 1949 and again in 1955. It was first broadcast on television on Saturday, November 3, 1956. The film was shown as the last installment of the CBS anthology series \"\"Ford Star Jubilee\"\". Since that telecast, it has been shown respectively by CBS, NBC, the WB Network, and several of Ted Turner's national cable channels. It has never been licensed to any local affiliate broadcast TV station. From 1959 until 1991, it was an annual", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 27 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6536088", "chunk_text": "\"The Making of The Wizard of Oz\"\nplanned for the film's 75th anniversary in 2013. After the success of the book, Aljean Harmetz adapted her knowledge and contacts with the film's survivors into a 30-minute PBS documentary in 1979. The Making of The Wizard of Oz The Making of the Wizard Of Oz, written by film historian Aljean Harmetz, is a book about the production of the 1939 film \"\"The Wizard of Oz\"\". It was the second book ever published documenting the making of this film, released a year after Doug McClelland's 1976 work \"\"Down the Yellow Brick Road\"\". The book was published in November 1977, after", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 28 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20649630", "chunk_text": "\"The Wizard of Oz (1939 film)\"\nat the Capitol Theatre, Sydney beginning December 2017. An animated film called \"\"Tom and Jerry and the Wizard of Oz\"\" was released in 2011 by Warner Home Video, incorporating Tom and Jerry into the story as Dorothy's \"\"protectors\"\". A sequel titled \"\"\"\" was released on DVD on June 21, 2016. In 2013, Walt Disney Pictures released a spiritual prequel titled \"\"Oz the Great and Powerful\"\". It was directed by Sam Raimi, and starred James Franco, Mila Kunis, Rachel Weisz and Michelle Williams. It was the second film based on Baum's \"\"Oz\"\" series to be produced by Disney, after \"\"Return to", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 29 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20649578", "chunk_text": "\"The Wizard of Oz (1939 film)\"\nLahr was signed for the Cowardly Lion on July 25, 1938; the next month, Charles Grapewin was cast as Uncle Henry on August 12. W. C. Fields was originally chosen for the title role of the Wizard, a role turned down by Ed Wynn as he thought the part was too small, but the studio ran out of patience after protracted haggling over Fields' fee. Wallace Beery lobbied for the role, but the studio refused to spare him during the long shooting schedule. Instead, another contract player, Frank Morgan, was cast on September 22. An extensive talent search produced over", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 30 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12415806", "chunk_text": "\"The Wonderful Wizard of Oz\"\nThe Wonderful Wizard of Oz The Wonderful Wizard of Oz () is an American children's novel written by author L. Frank Baum and illustrated by W. W. Denslow, originally published by the George M. Hill Company in Chicago on May 17, 1900. It has since seen several reprints, most often under the title The Wizard of Oz, which is the title of the popular 1902 Broadway musical adaptation as well as the iconic 1939 musical film adaptation. The story chronicles the adventures of a young farm girl named Dorothy in the magical Land of Oz, after she and her pet", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 31 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16729612", "chunk_text": "\"The Wizard of Oz (1939 film)\"\na second (one from Turner and one from The Criterion Collection with a commentary track) for the 50th anniversary release in 1989, a third in 1991, a fourth in 1993, a fifth in 1995 and a sixth and final LaserDisc release on September 11, 1996. In addition to VHS (and later, LaserDisc), the film has been released multiple times during the 1980s on the Betamax format, beginning in 1980 simultaneously with the VHS release. The film was released for the first and only time on the CED format in 1982 by MGM/UA Home Video. Outside of the North American and", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 32 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14425826", "chunk_text": "\"Gay Purr-ee\"\n\"\"Wizard of Oz\"\" songwriters, Harold Arlen and E.Y. Harburg, should write and compose the songs for \"\"Gay Purr-ee\"\". When Warner Bros. picked up the film for distribution, they discovered that Chuck Jones had worked on the film. After a long debate with management over the details of Jones' exclusivity agreement, Warner fired Jones in July 1962 and laid off his staff after they had finished their next cartoon. Later, after Warner Bros. Cartoons was closed, Jones hired his old unit for his first independent studio, Sib Tower 12 Productions. The film was theatrically released on December 17, 1962 to positive", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 33 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20785888", "chunk_text": "\"The Wizard of Oz (1939 film)\"\nand as part of its 75th anniversary. Also, multiple special editions were released in celebration of the film's the 75th anniversary in 2013, exclusively by both Best Buy (a SteelBook of the 3D Blu-ray) and another version that came with a keepsake lunch bag released by Target stores. The American Film Institute (AFI) has compiled various lists which include this film or elements thereof. Roughly 40 identifiable major differences exist between the original book and the MGM interpretation. The film was dramatized as a one-hour radio play on \"\"Lux Radio Theatre\"\", which was broadcast on December 25, 1950, with Garland", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 34 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7669508", "chunk_text": "\"The Wizard of Oz (1933 film)\"\nthe film, including Betamax, VHS, Laserdisc, CED, DVD, HD DVD and Blu-ray Disc, usually printed and shown in black-and-white, not technicolor. Cassette copies are usually at slow speeds, and often overexposed and poorly framed, while disc copies are all at faster speeds, and underexposed and correctly framed. The first known commercial release was in Canada in 1985, on Betamax, VHS and Laserdisc, through the efforts of Fred M. Meyer, longtime Secretary of The International Wizard of Oz Club. This is not an original color print, but has been colored to match the original intent of the filmmakers, which, as in", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 35 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19817464", "chunk_text": "\"Return to Oz\"\nReturn to Oz Return to Oz is a 1985 fantasy adventure film directed and written by Walter Murch, an editor and sound designer, co-written by Gill Dennis and produced by Paul Maslansky. It stars Nicol Williamson, Jean Marsh, Piper Laurie, and introducing Fairuza Balk as Dorothy Gale. It is based on L. Frank Baum's \"\"Oz\"\" novels, mainly \"\"The Marvelous Land of Oz\"\" (1904) and \"\"Ozma of Oz\"\" (1907), yet is set six months after the events of the first novel, \"\"The Wonderful Wizard of Oz\"\" (1900) took place. The film is an unofficial sequel to the 1939 Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer film, \"\"The", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 36 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11028304", "chunk_text": "\"The Wizard of Oz (1902 musical)\"\nand later moved to the Majestic Theatre on Broadway on January 21, 1903, where it ran for 293 performances until December 31, 1904, followed by traveling tours of the original cast. It starred Anna Laughlin as Dorothy Gale, Fred Stone as the Scarecrow and David C. Montgomery as the Tin Woodman (who is called Niccolo Chopper in the musical; he had no name in the original book, but would be called Nick Chopper in the sequels). Arthur Hill played the Cowardly Lion, but in this version his role was reduced to a bit part. The Wicked Witch of the West", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 37 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16729598", "chunk_text": "\"The Wizard of Oz (1939 film)\"\nit was cut because it was considered too emotionally intense. The original soundtrack recording still exists, however, and was included as an extra in all home media releases from 1993-onwards. Extensive edits in the film's final cut removed vocals from the last portion of the film. However, the film was fully underscored, with instrumental snippets from the film's various leitmotifs throughout. There was also some recognizable popular music, including: The film's first sneak preview was held in San Bernardino, California. The film was previewed in three test markets: on August 11, 1939, at Kenosha, Wisconsin and Cape Cod, Massachusetts, and", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 38 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13712854", "chunk_text": "\"Journey Back to Oz\"\nJourney Back to Oz Journey Back To Oz is a 1972 American animated fantasy-adventure film and an official sequel to the 1939 Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer film \"\"The Wizard of Oz\"\" produced by Filmation. It is loosely based on L. Frank Baum's second Oz novel, \"\"The Marvelous Land of Oz\"\", although Baum received no screen credit. However, the Wizard was nowhere to be found, at least in the theatrical version of the film. A television version shown in 1976 on ABC featured live-action segments starring Bill Cosby as the Wizard. Unlike the 1939 film, Aunt Em and Uncle Henry only have one farmhand.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 39 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2339503", "chunk_text": "\"The Wizard of Oz (1939 film)\"\nEuropean markets, the film has also been released multiple times on the Video CD format since the 1990s in Asia. The first DVD release was on March 26, 1997, by MGM/Turner and contained no special features or supplements. It was re-released by Warner Bros. for its 60th anniversary on October 19, 1999, with its soundtrack presented in a new 5.1 surround sound mix. The DVD also contained a behind-the-scenes documentary, \"\"The Wonderful Wizard of Oz: The Making of a Movie Classic\"\", produced in 1990 and hosted by Angela Lansbury, which was originally shown on television immediately following the 1990 telecast", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 40 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18261371", "chunk_text": "Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer\n\"\"The Wonderful Wizard of Oz\"\", which MGM did on June 3, 1938, from Sam Goldwyn for $75,000. Hits in 1939 included \"\"The Wizard of Oz\"\", \"\"Boys Town\"\" and \"\"Gone with the Wind\"\", starring Vivien Leigh as Scarlett O'Hara and Clark Gable as Rhett Butler. Although \"\"Gone With the Wind\"\" was produced by Selznick International Pictures, it was distributed by MGM as part of a deal for producer David O. Selznick, Mayer's son-in-law, to obtain the services of Gable as well as financial assistance to complete the film. While \"\"The Wizard of Oz\"\" was a critical hit, the film took 20", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 41 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16362900", "chunk_text": "\"The Wonderful Wizard of Oz\"\nHamlin committed to making \"\"The Wonderful Wizard of Oz\"\" into a musical stage play to publicize the novel. The play \"\"The Wizard of Oz\"\" debuted on June 16, 1902. It was revised to suit adult preferences and was crafted as a \"\"musical extravaganza\"\", with the costumes modeled after Denslow's drawings. Hill's publishing company became bankrupt in 1901, so Baum and Denslow agreed to have the Indianapolis-based Bobbs-Merrill Company resume publishing the novel. Baum's son Harry Neal told the \"\"Chicago Tribune\"\" in 1944 that L. Frank told his children \"\"whimsical stories before they became material for his books\"\". Harry called his", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 42 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18225262", "chunk_text": "\"Oz the Great and Powerful\"\n\"\"Fantasia\"\", \"\"Cinderella\"\", \"\"Sleeping Beauty\"\", \"\"Alice in Wonderland\"\" and \"\"Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs\"\", drawing from designs and textures in order to give certain settings in the film an affectionate nod to the Disney style. Costume designer Gary Jones focused on authenticity with his wardrobe designs: \"\"We started by doing a lot of research and having ideas of the ways (costumes) should look in order to be (historically accurate) but as we went on, we really began creating a whole new world.\"\" Although the film is a spiritual prequel to the 1939 Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer film \"\"The Wizard of Oz\"\", it was", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 43 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15788807", "chunk_text": "\"The Wonderful Wizard of Oz (1910 film)\"\nThe Wonderful Wizard of Oz (1910 film) The Wonderful Wizard of Oz is a 1910 American silent fantasy film and the earliest surviving film version of L. Frank Baum's 1900 novel \"\"The Wonderful Wizard of Oz\"\", made by the Selig Polyscope Company without Baum's direct input. It was created to fulfill a contractual obligation associated with Baum's personal bankruptcy caused by \"\"The Fairylogue and Radio-Plays\"\", from which it was once thought to have been derived. It was partly based on the 1902 stage musical \"\"The Wizard of Oz\"\", though much of the film deals with the Wicked Witch of the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 44 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17137715", "chunk_text": "\"Gary Kurtz\"\nthe project over the years. Eventually, the film was released in Japan, on July 15, 1989, under the title \"\"\"\". Kurtz next production was \"\"Return to Oz\"\", a 1985 fantasy adventure film based on L. Frank Baum's Oz books, in particular \"\"The Marvelous Land of Oz\"\" and \"\"Ozma of Oz\"\". Directed by Walter Murch, an editor and sound designer, development began 1980 during a brainstorming session with Murch and Walt Disney Pictures production chief Tom Wilhite. In the time between the development period and actual shooting, there was a change of leadership at the Walt Disney studios, with Wilhite being", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 45 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18198696", "chunk_text": "\"The Wizard of Oz (1939 film)\"\nthe BFI list of the 50 films you should see by the age of 14. \"\"The Wizard of Oz\"\" is the source of many quotes referenced in contemporary popular culture. Noel Langley, Florence Ryerson, and Edgar Allan Woolf received credit for the screenplay, but uncredited contributions were made by others. The songs were written by Edgar \"\"Yip\"\" Harburg (lyrics) and Harold Arlen (music). The musical score and the incidental music were composed by Stothart. Dorothy Gale lives with her Cairn Terrier dog Toto on the Kansas farm of her Aunt Em and Uncle Henry. Toto bites witchy neighbor Miss Almira", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 46 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5609975", "chunk_text": "\"The Wizard of Oz (1982 film)\"\nBut despite that however, some information say that this film was actually originally released in Japan in 1982 and in North America later on, in 1983 for television, considering that the Japanese dialogue was recorded first, but might have been either released on that same year, or delayed until 1986. The music was written by Jō Hisaishi and Yuichiro Oda. The Lyrics were written by Keisuke Yamakawa. The English dubbed version featured new different lyrics by Sammy Cahn and Allen Byrns. The Wizard of Oz (1982 film) In the 1980s, a re-edited version of the film was released in Czechoslovakia.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 47 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18198754", "chunk_text": "\"The Wizard of Oz (1939 film)\"\nsequences were shown in black and white instead of the sepia tone as originally printed. (This includes television showings.) The MGM \"\"Children's Matinees\"\" series rereleased the film twice, in both 1970 and 1971. It was for this release that the film received a G rating from the MPAA. For the film's then-upcoming 60th anniversary, Warner Bros. Pictures released a \"\"Special Edition\"\" on November 6, 1998, digitally restored with remastered audio. In 2002, the film had a very limited re-release in U.S. theaters, earning only $139,905. On September 23, 2009, the film was rereleased in select theaters for a one-night-only event", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 48 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5609973", "chunk_text": "\"The Wizard of Oz (1982 film)\"\njapanese animated movies, it was first released in the United States; the English dialogue was recorded first and released in North America on October 6, 1982, and the Japanese-dubbed version was not released in Japan until 1986. The English version of this film was edited by Johann Lowenberg and produced and directed by John Danylkiw appeared on television in the United States in 1982. Alan L. Gleitsman was the executive producer of Alan Enterprises, which did the English dub for the North American release. New Hope Entertainment was also involved in producing the English dubbed version. It was distributed in", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 49 } ]
test_3561	when does the next apollo book come out?	n/a	[ "May 1, 2018" ]	[]	n/a	n/a	n/a	[]	[ { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13646414", "chunk_text": "\"The Trials of Apollo\"\nThe third book in the series, \"\"The Burning Maze\"\", was released on May 1, 2018. The fourth book in the series, \"\"The Tyrant's Tomb\"\", will be released in October 2019. The series follows the trials of the god Apollo, who has been turned into a human as punishment from his father and king of the gods Zeus. Zeus is angry with Apollo for a variety of reasons, most notably for the younger god's allowing his Roman descendant Octavian to rise to power during \"\"The Heroes of Olympus\"\" series by giving him his blessing. The final book of \"\"The Heroes of", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 0 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13646420", "chunk_text": "\"The Trials of Apollo\"\nNorth America to restore the remaining four Oracles and defeat the triumvirate of Roman emperors-turned-Gods, while also being helped by Leo Valdez, the now-mortal Calypso and Festus the bronze dragon. \"\"The Burning Maze\"\" is the third book in the series. It released on May 1, 2018. The book follows Lester Papadopoulos/Apollo, Meg McCaffrey and Grover Underwood while they try to rescue Herophile, an Oracle that speaks only in puzzles, from the Roman emperor Caligula and his talking horse, Incitatus. In the process, they met some strixes that feed only on blood, which they finally repel using strawberries. While sleeping, Apollo", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 1 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13534658", "chunk_text": "\"The Hidden Oracle\"\nDaymond’s performance, saying that \"\"Riordan's funny writing and Daymond's narration make sure the listener is always on Apollo's side as he learns how to manage without his godly gifts.\"\" \"\"The Hidden Oracle\"\" won the Goodreads Choice Award for the Middle Grade and Children's Fiction of 2016. The second book of \"\"The Trials of Apollo\"\" is titled \"\"The Dark Prophecy\"\" and was announced by Riordan on May 5, 2016. The cover and the first chapter were released on December 22, 2016. \"\"The Dark Prophecy\"\" was released on May 2, 2017 and sold 63,000 copies in the first week. The Hidden Oracle", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 2 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13646419", "chunk_text": "\"The Trials of Apollo\"\nreaches Camp Half-Blood, he sees that Nero sent a colossal statue of himself to destroy the camp. After regaining a few of his former powers, Apollo destroys the statue and promises to find Meg again. Just as the fight ends, Leo and Calypso (aboard Festus) arrive at the camp. The three realize that they must travel to free the next oracle. \"\"The Dark Prophecy\"\" is the second book in the series. It was released on May 2, 2017. The book continues the story of Apollo as the mortal Lester, as he leaves the safety of Camp Half-Blood and journeys across", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 3 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13646413", "chunk_text": "\"The Trials of Apollo\"\nThe Trials of Apollo The Trials of Apollo is a pentalogy of fantasy adventure and mythological fiction novels written by American author Rick Riordan that collectively form a sequel to the \"\"Heroes of Olympus\"\" series. It is set in the same world as other Riordan tales, and references characters and happenings from earlier series. A supplementary book, \"\"Camp Half-Blood Confidential\"\", has also been released in addition to the main series. The first book in the series, \"\"The Hidden Oracle\"\", was released on May 3, 2016. The second book in the series, \"\"The Dark Prophecy\"\", was released on May 2, 2017.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 4 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11669044", "chunk_text": "\"The Dark Prophecy\"\nthe next one\"\". The novel was nominated for Best Middle Grade & Children's Book of 2017 in the Goodreads Choice Awards, and ended in second place, behind \"\"The Ship of the Dead\"\", also written by Riordan. The third book of \"\"The Trials of Apollo\"\" is titled \"\"The Burning Maze\"\" and was announced by Riordan on October 17, 2017. It released on May 1, 2018. The Dark Prophecy The Dark Prophecy is an American fantasy novel based on Greek and Roman mythology written by Rick Riordan. It was published on May 2, 2017, and is the second book in \"\"The Trials", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 5 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13646423", "chunk_text": "\"The Trials of Apollo\"\nIt will be released in October 2019, and the story will be set in the Bay Area, most likely around Camp Jupiter. A companion book titled \"\"From Percy Jackson: Camp Half-Blood Confidential\"\" was released on May 2, 2017. The Trials of Apollo The Trials of Apollo is a pentalogy of fantasy adventure and mythological fiction novels written by American author Rick Riordan that collectively form a sequel to the \"\"Heroes of Olympus\"\" series. It is set in the same world as other Riordan tales, and references characters and happenings from earlier series. A supplementary book, \"\"Camp Half-Blood Confidential\"\", has also", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 6 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18720641", "chunk_text": "\"The Burning Maze\"\nThe Burning Maze The Burning Maze is an American fantasy novel based on Greek and Roman mythology written by Rick Riordan. It was published on May 1, 2018, and is the third book in \"\"The Trials of Apollo\"\" series, the second spin-off of the \"\"Percy Jackson & the Olympians\"\" series. The story follows the Greek god Apollo, turned into a human teenager named Lester Papadopoulos, in his quest to free five oracles of Ancient Greece from Triumvirate Holdings, a group of three evil Roman Emperors, in order to regain his immortality. Joined by the demigod Meg McCaffrey and the satyr", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 7 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15717875", "chunk_text": "\"Camp Half-Blood chronicles\"\nis the second book in \"\"The Trials of Apollo\"\" series. It was released on May 2, 2017. Apollo goes on a journey with Leo Valdez and Calypso to find one of the ancient oracles. \"\"The Burning Maze\"\" is the third book in \"\"The Trials of Apollo\"\" series. It was released on May 1, 2018. Jason, Piper, Lester and Meg head to the Julia Drusilla boats in search of the pair of shoes needed to enter the Oracle. Jason got stabbed by Caligula and died. Later, Lester, Meg, Grover and Piper find the 3rd Oracle in the burning maze and free", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 8 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19764878", "chunk_text": "\"The Heroes of Olympus\"\non May 3, 2016. The second installment, \"\"The Dark Prophecy\"\", was released on May 2, 2017.. The third installment, \"\"The Burning Maze\"\" was released on May 1, 2018. The Lost Hero was a number one bestseller on the lists of \"\"The New York Times\"\", \"\"USA Today\"\", \"\"The Wall Street Journal\"\", and \"\"Publishers Weekly\"\". Many critics praised the novel as a good follow-up to Riordan's previous series. A review by \"\"The Epoch Times\"\" commented, \"\"If anyone was afraid that Riordan couldn’t top his Percy Jackson series—they can quit worrying. This new series, even though in the same genre as the Percy", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 9 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19543213", "chunk_text": "\"Midnighter and Apollo\"\nMidnighter and Apollo Midnighter and Apollo is a six-issue American comic book limited series published by DC Comics. It is written by Steve Orlando and illustrated by Fernando Blanco, with covers by ACO. The series debuted on October, 2016 and finished in March, 2017. The story takes some time after the end of \"\"Midnighter\"\", with Midnighter and Apollo having gotten back together. Following a battle with demons, Apollo's soul is dragged to Hell and Midnighter attempts to bring him back. The series was announced shortly after the cancellation of \"\"Midnighter\"\", that came with the end of \"\"The New 52\"\" continuity", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 10 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13646415", "chunk_text": "\"The Trials of Apollo\"\nOlympus\"\", \"\"The Blood of Olympus\"\", takes place about six months before the beginning of \"\"The Trials of Apollo\"\". \"\"The Hidden Oracle\"\" is the first book of the series. It is told in first-person by the main character Apollo, and uses haiku for chapter titles. The book was released on May 3, 2016. The book opens with Apollo landing in an alley in New York City—in the form of a mortal teenager named Lester Papadopoulos because he had been one of the people who had encouraged the war between the Greeks and the Romans. He meets Meg McCaffrey, a homeless daughter", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 11 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15742244", "chunk_text": "\"The Lunar Chronicles\"\nin the world of \"\"The Lunar Chronicles\"\". Set after the events of the \"\"Lunar Chronicles\"\" but before the \"\"Stars Above\"\" epilogue, it features many of the same characters, with Iko as the main protagonist. The first book, \"\"Wires and Nerve, Volume 1\"\", illustrated by Douglas Holgate, was released on January 31, 2017. The second book, \"\"Wires and Nerve, Volume 2\"\", illustrated by Stephen Gilpin, was released on January 30, 2018. The Lunar Chronicles The Lunar Chronicles is a series of young adult fantasy novels written by American author Marissa Meyer. Each book entails a new take on an old fairy", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 12 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2754430", "chunk_text": "\"The Dark Prophecy\"\nThe Dark Prophecy The Dark Prophecy is an American fantasy novel based on Greek and Roman mythology written by Rick Riordan. It was published on May 2, 2017, and is the second book in \"\"The Trials of Apollo\"\" series, the second spin-off of the \"\"Percy Jackson & the Olympians\"\" series. The book and its cover art by John Rocco were first announced in 2016. It has been published in hardcover, paperback, audiobook, ebook, and large-print editions. To date, \"\"The Dark Prophecy\"\" has been translated into 7 languages from its original English. The book takes off from where \"\"The Hidden Oracle\"\"", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 13 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15893806", "chunk_text": "\"Percy Jackson & the Olympians\"\nThe second book titled \"\"The Dark Prophecy\"\" was released in May 2017. The third book titled \"\"The Burning Maze\"\" was released on May 1, 2018. The novels are set within the same fictional universe as the three previous book series, and is narrated alternately in first-person by the two protagonist-siblings Carter and Sadie Kane. The siblings are descended from the two pharaohs Narmer and Ramses the Great and are powerful magicians. They and their friends are forced to contend with who still interact with the real world. The series includes a trilogy consisting of \"\"The Red Pyramid\"\" (2010), \"\"The Throne", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 14 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15237448", "chunk_text": "\"Rysa Walker\"\nevents that have been occurring around her that have evoked her into action. The second book in \"\"The Delphi Trilogy\"\" is entitled \"\"The Delphi Resistance\"\". It was released on October 24, 2017. The third and final book in \"\"The Delphi Trilogy\"\", \"\"The Delphi Revolution\"\", was released on October 9, 2018. For each of Walker's novels and her novellas, audiobooks have been released on Audible.com. \"\"Timebound\"\"s audio book was released on January 1, 2014, the same day as its official publication, and was narrated by Kate Rudd. The audiobooks for \"\"Time's Edge\"\", \"\"Time's Divide\"\", and \"\"The Delphi Effect\"\" were also narrated", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 15 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10618627", "chunk_text": "\"Artemis (novel)\"\nher father a new welding workshop to replace the one she accidentally destroyed as a teenager, she is forced to pay the rest to Artemis administrator Ngugi as a fine to avoid deportation to Earth for her crimes. Jazz convinces Ngugi of her value as an \"\"authorized\"\" smuggler who can keep dangerous would-be smugglers out of the city. \"\"Artemis\"\" was released on November 14, 2017, and debuted at #6 on \"\"The New York Times\"\" Best Seller list. In May 2017, 20th Century Fox and New Regency acquired the film rights to the not-yet-published novel, with Simon Kinberg and Aditya Sood", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 16 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11669036", "chunk_text": "\"The Dark Prophecy\"\nsigned about 1700 copies of the book. \"\"The Dark Prophecy\"\" was released in the United States by Disney-Hyperion on May 2, 2017. An audiobook, narrated by Robbie Daymond, was published on the same date by Books on Tape. The book was also released in e-book and paperback format. For the first printing, Disney-Hyperion offered different gifts that varied according to where the book was purchased: A \"\"Trials of Apollo\"\" pen and a pocket journal at Hypable, and Camp Half-Blood sunglasses and \"\"The Trials of Apollo\"\" beach mat at \"\"The Young Folks\"\". The first printing of \"\"The Dark Prophecy\"\" was 2", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 17 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11801903", "chunk_text": "\"Warriors (novel series)\"\nprophecies will be interpreted and as always, cats will die before the Clans know peace again. The fourth book, \"\"Darkest Night,\"\" was released on 7 November 2017. The fifth book, \"\"River of Fire\"\", was released on 10 April 2018. The sixth book, \"\"The Raging Storm\"\", was released on 6 November 2018. \"\"Warriors: The Broken Code\"\" is the seventh sub-series. The first book, \"\"Lost Stars\"\" will be released on 9 April 2019. Super Editions are stand alone books in the \"\"Warriors\"\" series that are approximately double the length of a normal \"\"Warriors\"\" book, about 500 pages long. Six field guides have", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 18 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19543215", "chunk_text": "\"Midnighter and Apollo\"\nsecondary role in comparison to Midnighter has been somewhat criticized. The title was first announced as a six-issue series in June 2016. The first issue was announced for an October 5, 2016 release. On writing the series, Orlando stated that \"\"\"\"Midnighter and Apollo\"\" is the book we need right now. Comics’ most iconic queer couple face down a new enemy and show us that we can never give in to fear, hatred, and evil—and they do it with their own brand of action-movie wit and punching.\"\" One of the things Orlando wanted to explore when writing the series is examining", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 19 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15893805", "chunk_text": "\"Percy Jackson & the Olympians\"\nof Athena\"\", was released on October 2, 2012. The fourth book, \"\"The House of Hades\"\", was released on October 8, 2013. The fifth and final book of \"\"The Heroes of Olympus\"\" series, \"\"The Blood of Olympus\"\", was released on October 7, 2014. Riordan is currently at work on yet another follow-up series to \"\"The Heroes of Olympus\"\" book series titled \"\"The Trials of Apollo\"\", which is a sequel series to both \"\"Percy Jackson & the Olympians\"\" and \"\"The Heroes of Olympus\"\". The first installment titled, \"\"The Hidden Oracle\"\" (2016), features Apollo and his journey after being cast down from Olympus.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 20 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15717873", "chunk_text": "\"Camp Half-Blood chronicles\"\nin the horizon. The book was released on October 7, 2014. \"\"The Trials of Apollo\"\" is a five-part series of books written by Rick Riordan. It chronicles the life of Apollo after his being made mortal by Zeus as a punishment for his actions during the Second Gigantomachy. The first book \"\"The Hidden Oracle,\"\" was published on May 3, 2016. It also features most of the characters from \"\"The Heroes of Olympus\"\" and \"\"Percy Jackson and the Olympians\"\" series. \"\"The Hidden Oracle\"\" is the first book in \"\"The Trials of Apollo\"\" series. It features Apollo as a 16 year old", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 21 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10326651", "chunk_text": "\"Wet Moon\"\nbook, released in November 2018, completed the (now revised) story arc; the afterword therein dangles the possibility of a future volume with the characters much older. The original editions of volumes 1-6 were published before the author's public 2014/15 transition from \"\"Ross Campbell\"\" to \"\"Sophie Campbell\"\". The new editions, with new covers, can have a bit of additional content. From 2013 to the series resumption in 2018 with Volume 7, the author focused on other projects, e.g., the Shadoweyes series; see her bibliography. Dates in the table are from the Library of Congress catalog and/or books' copyright page. Book 1", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 22 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12186591", "chunk_text": "\"The Kane Chronicles\"\nMarch 20, 2012, a few months before the publication of \"\"The Serpent's Shadow\"\". The British edition was published by Puffin Books in October of that year. “Brooklyn House Magician’s Manual” is the guide book to “The Kane Chronicles” written by Rick Riordan and released on May 1, 2018. It includes more information about the various paths of the gods, magical spells, and characters from the main series as well as Demigods and Magicians. It is narrated by the main characters of the original trilogy, Carter and Sadie Kane. It also involves first-person accounts from some of the other characters and", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 23 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18177405", "chunk_text": "\"Artemis Fowl\"\nbeen hired to direct the film for Disney, with Irish playwright Conor McPherson as screenwriter and Judy Hofflund as an executive producer. Eoin Colfer confirmed this in a video to Artemis Fowl Confidential, and spoke with RTE Radio 1 about meeting Branagh several times to discuss this prior to the announcement. On September 12, 2017, Disney announced that the film adaptation will be released on August 9, 2019. It will also be based off the first two books in the series. It was announced on October 11, 2017 that Disney immediately removed Harvey Weinstein as the producer of the film", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 24 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16943341", "chunk_text": "\"Time Was (McDonald novel)\"\nIn April 2016, the novel was announced as \"\"Time There Was\"\", to be released in 2017. By October 2017, the title had changed to \"\"Time Was\"\", with an April 2018 publication date. It was released on 24 April 2018. In \"\"Library Journal\"\", Kristi Chadwick called the story \"\"elegant and delightedly romantic\"\", and praised its \"\"exciting, timeless finish.\"\" \"\"Booklist\"\" wrote that \"\"This tiny novel packs a huge emotional punch as layers upon layers are revealed.\"\" \"\"Publishers Weekly\"\" called the novella compelling and vivid, noting that \"\"The ending's predictability is washed away by beautiful writing that mixes Emmett's excitement with melancholy\"\". Writing", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 25 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13534646", "chunk_text": "\"The Hidden Oracle\"\nin the new series. Because Apollo is the god of poetry, the name of each chapter would be a \"\"bad haiku\"\". The cover, illustrated by John Rocco, was revealed on October 10, 2015; it shows the two versions of Apollo in an alley of New York City. Two months later, on December 10, the third chapter was made available for free download by \"\"USA Today\"\". The first chapter was released along with the collection of short stories \"\"Demigods & Magicians\"\" on April 5, 2016. In addition, three trailers were released on YouTube to promote the book. A launch event occurred", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 26 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9731217", "chunk_text": "Mysticons\n2018 in the United States and September 23, 2018 in Canada. An ongoing series of comic books (graphic novels) and chapter books had been first released on August, 28, 2018. Volume 2 being released on March, 2019 and Volume 3 in the spring of 2019. The chapter books depict dozens of original adventures that never occurred in the animated series; each featuring each Mysticon as the central character; each set within a particular season of the television show. In the mystical world of Gemina, in a place called Drake City, four teenage girls are chosen by the all-powerful Dragon Disk", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 27 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11358377", "chunk_text": "\"Disney Publishing Worldwide\"\nimprint. The imprint was planned to be launched with two books in 2018. By April 2017, the imprint had acquired three titles for its 2018 launch with audio rights sold to Listening Library. Riordan Presents first book, \"\"Aru Shah and the End of Time\"\", will be written by Roshani Chokshi to be published in April 2018 and will be the first in a quartet of novels. The other two, Yoon Ha Lee 's \"\"Dragon Pearl\"\" Korean folklore novel and Jennifer Cervantes’s Mayan based \"\"Storm Runner\"\" novel, will be stand alone novels released in September 2018. Disney Publishing launched unplanned franchises", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 28 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6953236", "chunk_text": "\"Wings of Fire (book series)\"\nHiveWing queen and her army of mind-controlled Hivewings, rescue Luna, and recover the Book of Clearsight with the help of a Leafwing named Sundew. In the epilogue, Moon and Qibli meet Luna and decide to defeat the HiveWing queen. The twelfth book in the series will be published on December 26, 2018, and will be from the PoV of a female HiveWing called Cricket. Cricket remembers her favorite book and the first time she saw a full Hive mind-control and realized she couldn't be mind-controlled. She waits for Blue to end his Metamorphosis and then hears a dragon walking in", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 29 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8128081", "chunk_text": "\"Midnighter (2015 comic book)\"\nwith a huge amount of support from fans and readers.\"\" Credits and personnel adapted from the series issues. In June 2016, \"\"The New York Times\"\" published that DC Comics would release a \"\"Midnighter\"\" sequel, \"\"Midnighter and Apollo\"\", as a 6-issue miniseries, starting in October of the same year. Steve Orlando returned to writing, with interior art by Fernando Blanco and covers by ACO. Romulo Fajardo Jr. also returned as colorist. The series lasted until March 2017. Midnighter (2015 comic book) Midnighter is an American comic book series published by DC Comics and written by Steve Orlando that ran for twelve", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 30 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "450584", "chunk_text": "\"Gone (novel series)\"\nliving in the FAYZ before the events of \"\"Gone\"\", about life in the FAYZ. There, she is reunited with Sam. They have a memorial to all the deaths of the FAYZ, including Orc, Jack, Brianna, Duck, E.Z., Howard, Hunter and Little Pete, with Sam, Astrid, Quinn, Diana, Edilio and Dekka present. The series concludes with Sam and Astrid inviting Diana to come and live with them in their house (next to Quinn's house), paid for with money Astrid had gotten from the 'Toddifer' couple to write her book; she agrees. Was released on October 17, 2017. In the stunning follow-up", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 31 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9731241", "chunk_text": "Mysticons\nfor the Codex\"\" and the original story \"\"The Secret of the Fifth Mysticon\"\". The second set, the novelization \"\"Prophecy of Evil\"\" and the original story \"\"The Stolen Magic\"\" were released on August 28, 2018. A third original novel, titled \"\"The Diamond Curse\"\" is scheduled to be released on January 8, 2019. Alongside the text versions, Macmillan is also releasing audiobooks of their original stories narrated by members of the show's voice cast. Dark Horse Comics launched a series of graphic novels by Kate Leth and Megan Levens on August 15, 2018. Universal Pictures Home Entertainment and Elevation Pictures released the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 32 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2754406", "chunk_text": "\"The Hidden Oracle\"\nThe Hidden Oracle The Hidden Oracle is a fantasy novel based on Greek and Roman mythology written by Rick Riordan. It was published on May 3, 2016, and is the first book in \"\"The Trials of Apollo\"\" series, the second spin-off of the \"\"Percy Jackson & the Olympians\"\" series. The book and its cover art by John Rocco were first announced in 2015. It has been published in hardcover, audiobook, ebook, and large-print editions. To date, \"\"The Hidden Oracle\"\" has been translated into 19 languages from its original English. The book follows the god Apollo, who is turned into a", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 33 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16700176", "chunk_text": "\"The Hammer of Thor\"\nof kinds of kids out there, and my feeling is that all of them deserve to be able to see themselves in stories\"\". An official announcement by the \"\"American Library Association\"\" said, \"\"Alex is a hero and represents the expansive possibilities of gender for future generations\"\". The novel was also nominated for Best Middle Grade & Children's Book of 2016 in the Goodreads Choice Awards, and ended in third place, behind \"\"The Hidden Oracle\"\" (another book by Riordan) and \"\"Pax\"\". The sequel, \"\"The Ship of the Dead,\"\" was released on October 3, 2017. The book ranked 2 on \"\"USA Today\"\"s", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 34 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5396916", "chunk_text": "\"Hotel Artemis\"\nMay 2017 and lasted 33 days. Before filming began Lionsgate acquired the international distribution rights to at the 2017 Berlin Film Festival, with WME Global dealing with the North American release. The film was released on June 8, 2018. It had its premiere on May 19, 2018 at the Regency Village Theater in Westwood, California. To promote the film, Global Road Entertainment released a set of character posters, each featuring an homage to a famous literary or film reference from Los Angeles, such as Sterling K. Brown merged into the book cover for Raymond Chandler's novel \"\"The Long Goodbye\"\" and", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 35 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3642451", "chunk_text": "\"The Dam Keeper\"\n\"\"eight or ten\"\" when \"\"the kind of friends is different than when [they] grow up and start to learn about the world and who [they] are in the world.” The first graphic novel was scheduled to be published in 2016, but was delayed to September 26, 2017, while the second installment, \"\"\"\"The Dam Keeper: World Without Darkness\"\" was published on July 10, 2018 and the third and final graphic novel titled \"\"\"\"The Dam Keeper: Return from the Shadows\"\"\"\" is expected to be published in the Summer of 2019. There is also a feature film sequel to the short in collaboration", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 36 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6952478", "chunk_text": "\"Wings of Fire (book series)\"\nMountain. The series is currently being converted to a graphic novel format, beginning with \"\"The Dragonet Prophecy\"\" and with an expected release date for \"\"The Lost Heir\"\" on February 26th, 2019. Currently, a total of nineteen books have been released: two complete mainstream arcs of five books each and the first book of a third arc, four \"\"Winglets\"\", the paperback collection of the first three \"\"Winglets\"\", one \"\"Legends\"\", and the graphic novel of the first book. Clay. Tsunami. Glory. Starflight. Sunny. Moonwatcher. Winter. Peril. Turtle. Qibli. Darkstalker. Clearsight. Fathom. Blue. Sundew. Luna. Swordtail. Cricket. Io. Admiral. A prequel in the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 37 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12608323", "chunk_text": "\"Luna: Wolf Moon\"\nLuna: Wolf Moon Luna: Wolf Moon is a 2017 science fiction novel by British author Ian McDonald. The sequel to \"\"\"\" (2015), it explores the aftermath of the Corta family's destruction at the hands of their enemies on the Moon as the survivors seek salvation and revenge. The novel was released in the UK on 23 March 2017, and in the US on 28 March 2017. In the future, a near feudal colony has risen up around the industrialisation of the Moon, and though technology keeps the deadly natural environment at bay, the four basic essentials of life—air, water, carbon", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 38 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11845332", "chunk_text": "\"Apollo Justice: Ace Attorney\"\nthe game was made available. It includes branded headphones, an \"\"Ace Attorney\"\" dictionary on a DS card, and a series highlights DVD. A keychain depicting Apollo was included with preorders purchased at GameStop and the online Capcom store. A new version with high-resolution graphics was released in English and Japanese for iOS on December 1, 2016 and for Android on December 8. A Nintendo 3DS version was released digitally on November 21, 2017 in North America and on November 23 in Europe, and was released both digitally and physically in Japan on November 22, 2017. \"\"Apollo Justice: Ace Attorney\"\" was", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 39 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11669021", "chunk_text": "\"The Hidden Oracle\"\nat the Harvard Book Store on the day of publication. \"\"The Hidden Oracle\"\" was released in the United States by Disney-Hyperion on May 3, 2016. An audiobook, narrated by Robbie Daymond, was published on the same date by Books on Tape. On May 4, Thorndike Press published a large-print edition in hardcover. The book also received e-book and paperback versions, and has been translated into 19 languages. For the first printing, Disney-Hyperion offered different gifts that varied according to where the book was purchased: a letter from Apollo to Zeus at Barnes & Noble, an illustrated map of Apollo's trials", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 40 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5536156", "chunk_text": "\"Ángel David Revilla\"\nthis record in Argentina. His first novel, \"\"Luna de Plutón\"\" (Pluto's Moon), was published by Planeta in Spain and Latin America in 2015 and became a best seller in a few weeks. His second book, \"\"El Festival de la blasfemia\"\" (The Festival of Blasphemy) was released in 2016, and a sequel to his first book, \"\"Luna de Plutón II: La Guerra de Ysaak\"\" (Pluto's moon 2: The war of Ysaak), in March 2017. \"\"Valle de la Calma\"\" (Valley of Calm) was published in 2018. On June 14, 2017, Revilla launched a series of stories entitled \"\"Dross cuenta 3 historias de", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 41 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14930794", "chunk_text": "\"Janet Evanovich\"\nwas released November 21, 2017 and it reached number one on The New York Times Fiction Best Sellers of 2017 for December 3. In 2016 Evanovich released the first book, \"\"Curious Minds\"\", in her new Knight & Moon mystery series. Co-authored with Phoef Sutton, the book introduces two new characters, Emerson Knight and Riley Moon. Emerson Knight is a rich, eccentric introvert with little-to-no sense of social etiquette. He is also brilliant and handsome. Riley Moon is a recent Harvard Law and Harvard Business graduate. Her aggressive Texas spitfire attitude helped her land her dream job as a junior analyst", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 42 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2939948", "chunk_text": "\"The Ship of the Dead\"\nthe release of \"\"The Hammer of Thor\"\", the second book of the \"\"Magnus Chase and the Gods of Asgard\"\" trilogy. According to him, this would be the last book in the series. An iTunes preview containing the first three chapters of the book was released on September 16, 2017. The cover, illustrated by John Rocco, was released on April 26, 2017, and a trailer was published on YouTube on October 2, 2017. To promote \"\"The Ship of the Dead\"\", Riordan went on a nine-day tour around the United States beginning on October 3, 2017. \"\"The Ship of the Dead\"\" was", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 43 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11669035", "chunk_text": "\"The Dark Prophecy\"\na satyr. Meg summons the closest satyr using her powers, who turns out to be Grover Underwood. \"\"The Dark Prophecy\"\" was announced on Rick Riordan's website on May 5, 2016, two days after the release of \"\"The Hidden Oracle\"\". The cover, illustrated by John Rocco, was revealed on December 22, 2016; featuring Apollo along with battle ostriches and a pair of gryphons. The first chapter was released as an excerpt along with the cover on the same day by \"\"USA Today\"\". In addition, a trailer was released on YouTube to promote the book. In March, Riordan interacted with fans and", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 44 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13534645", "chunk_text": "\"The Hidden Oracle\"\nplanned to be launched on May 3, 2016. According to Riordan, he had the idea to make a new series in the universe of Percy Jackson after he wrote \"\"Percy Jackson's Greek Gods\"\", when he discovered two myths about Zeus punishing Apollo, turning him into a mortal. Riordan liked the concept and decided to \"\"subject poor Apollo to that punishment for a third time and write a series from his point of view as a newly outcast 16-year-old mortal\"\". However, he promised that many of the characters from \"\"Percy Jackson & the Olympians\"\" and \"\"The Heroes of Olympus\"\" would return", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 45 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20036611", "chunk_text": "\"James S. A. Corey\"\nThe seventh and latest book in the series, \"\"Persepolis Rising\"\", was released on December 5, 2017. As other authors in recent years have done, between each pair of full-length books they published shorter works in the series. The first, a short story entitled \"\"The Butcher of Anderson Station: A Story of The Expanse\"\" was released as an eBook in October 2011. A 69-page novella, \"\"Gods of Risk\"\" followed, and was released as an eBook on September 2012. A short story entitled \"\"Drive\"\" was released in November 2012 as a part of the anthology \"\"Edge of Infinity\"\". Another novella, \"\"The Churn\"\",", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 46 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4845093", "chunk_text": "\"Disney Publishing Worldwide\"\nPress imprint. Working with Stan Lee on the books are co-writer Stuart Moore and Andie Tong, artist. The first illustrated novel, \"\"The Zodiac Legacy: Convergence\"\" was released on January 27, 2015. The second novel in the illustrated series, \"\"The Dragon's Return\"\", was released on January 26, 2016. \"\"Dragon's Return\"\" made the New York Times best seller list for the week ending January 30, 2016. With Papercutz, the first Zodiac Legacy graphic novel, \"\"Tiger Island\"\", hit the stands on March 30, 2016 with the writing team joined by artist Paris Cullins. In early April 2017, the third and final book in", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 47 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17250953", "chunk_text": "\"Alex Rider\"\nUS release in October 2017. After the events of \"\"Scorpia Rising\"\", Alex is left traumatised from the death of his caregiver and close friend, Jack Starbright. After being given a glimmer of hope about her survival, Alex is thrust into the horrors of his past in a battle to recover his friend from the dead. Along the way, he must encounter new foes who are nothing like anyone he has battled before. The twelfth book in the series; \"\"Nightshade\"\", was alluded to at the end of \"\"Never Say Die\"\" and confirmed by Anthony Horowitz in May 2017. It will likely", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 48 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4467585", "chunk_text": "\"Carve the Mark\"\nofficially announced that Veronica Roth had reached a two-book deal with HarperCollins. On May 5, 2016, the title of the first book and the release date were revealed. \"\"Carve the Mark\"\" was published on January 17, 2017 by HarperCollins and its sequel is anticipated in 2018. HarperCollins described the books as being \"\"in the vein of \"\"Star Wars\"\", the story of a boy who forms an unlikely alliance with an enemy.\"\" \"\"Carve the Mark\"\" received mixed but mostly positive reviews. Brian Truitt of \"\"USA Today\"\" wrote that despite the \"\"overwhelming amount of exposition\"\" which opens the novel, the story \"\"excels", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 49 } ]
test_3562	what kind of dog is nana in snow dogs?	n/a	[ "a Border Collie", "Border Collie" ]	[]	n/a	n/a	n/a	[]	[ { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "219340", "chunk_text": "\"Snow Dogs\"\nthe backwoods village of Tolketna. Brooks' mother Amelia reveals that he is adopted; Lucy was his biological mother. Ted travels to Tolketna to claim his inheritance from Lucy: seven Siberian Huskies named Diesel, Mack, Sniff, Yodel, Scooper, Duchess and Demon, and a Border Collie named Nana. In Tolketna, he discovers his roots. Totally out of his element, Ted is confounded by blizzards, thin ice, foxes, skunks, grizzly bears, an intimidating, crusty old mountain man named James \"\"Thunder Jack\"\" Johnson, and the aggressive, defiant lead dog, Demon. All of this happens with the buzzing excitement of the Arctic Challenge Sled Dog", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 0 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "219346", "chunk_text": "\"Snow Dogs\"\na couple and get married. She has become his receptionist and is pregnant, and Nana and Demon have four puppies named Avalanche, Little Aleutia, Chinook, and Demon Jr. Back in Miami, Ted's cousin Rupert (Sisqó) becomes the new celebrity dentist, now with his face on every city bus. In some scenes, the faces of the dogs are partially animated to give them human expressions like winking or smiling. The animatronic version of Demon was created by Jim Henson's Creature Shop and performed by David Barclay. The film's budget was US$33 million. Canmore, Alberta, Canada was used to film the fictional", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 1 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1781327", "chunk_text": "\"Newfoundland dog\"\nand docile nature and its strength. They are highly loyal and make ideal working dogs. It is for this reason that this breed is known as \"\"the gentle giant\"\". International kennel clubs generally describe the breed as having a sweet temper. It typically has a deep bark and is easy to train if started young. They are wonderfully good with children, but small children can get accidentally leaned on and knocked down. Newfoundlands are ideal companions in the world of therapy and are often referred to as the nanny dog. The breed was memorialized in \"\"Nana\"\", the beloved guardian dog", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 2 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "219344", "chunk_text": "\"Snow Dogs\"\ndogs with Nana as lead. As he heads back down the trail, he nearly collides with Olivier, who wins the Challenge again. A few hours later, Amelia arrives and meets Barb. She learns that Ted is out on the trail, searching for Jack. The \"\"Arctic Flame\"\" is burning over the finish line, until the last musher arrives. Ted eventually locates Thunder Jack in the old cave. Jack admits he and Lucy had been together at the hospital when Ted was born, and that he loved her very much; but that he and Lucy had agreed then that neither one of", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 3 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "219342", "chunk_text": "\"Snow Dogs\"\nTed agrees. Jack takes Brooks to a cave out in the woods. During an Arctic Challenge, he and Lucy were stranded in that cave, and it was there that Ted was conceived. The next morning, when Thunder Jack woke up, Lucy was gone. He looked for her but never found her. Ted returns to Miami. Thunder Jack adds Demon as lead dog of his team for the Arctic Challenge. Ernie has finished last in the last three Challenges, \"\"winning\"\" the \"\"Arctic Flame\"\" award as last \"\"musher\"\" to cross the finish line. The other mushers all camp at a checkpoint to", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 4 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "219347", "chunk_text": "\"Snow Dogs\"\ncity of Tolketna, Alaska. The dogs D.J., Koda, Floyd and Buck also starred in the adventure film, \"\"Eight Below\"\". Many of the dogs and mushers used in the film were locals. Two of the hero team doubles and all of Olivier's team were supplied by Nakitsilik Siberians of Bridge Lake, British Columbia. Mountain Mushers' from Golden BC supplied the Thunder Jack team. Old Ernie's team was supplied by Russ Gregory from Calgary, Alberta. Arcticsun Siberian Husky Kennel from Edmonton, Alberta was one of many kennels — including Czyz, Snowy Owl, Gatt racing — from the area that supplied background for", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 5 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3882163", "chunk_text": "\"The Madagascar Penguins in a Christmas Caper\"\nthe team, Private, slips out of the zoo on Christmas Eve to find a present for a lonely polar bear named Ted. While roaming the streets of Manhattan, he is captured by Nana (the mean old lady from the first film) who mistakes him for a chew toy for her vicious dog, Mr Chew. The other three penguins, Skipper, Kowalski, and Rico, rescue Private from Nana's apartment before it is too late. They escalate into chaos against Mr. Chew, all-the-while, not noticed by Nana, who is occupied watching a football game. When they are done, they detonate the door with", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 6 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10561077", "chunk_text": "\"Snow Buddies\"\ntruck heading to Ferntiuktuk, Alaska. Upon arrival, the Buddies meet Shasta, a Siberian Husky puppy whose 11-year-old owner is determined to win the Alaskan sled dog race because of what happened to his father. The puppies decide to help Shasta pursue his dreams as well as get to the air port, located at the finish line. Unfortunately, as Shasta has no parents, this puts the puppies in a predicament as there is nobody to teach them how to become snow dogs. Shasta manages to persuade a legendary dog named Talon, who had taught Shasta's father, into teaching the puppies into", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 7 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9772560", "chunk_text": "\"Hokkaido dog\"\nthe search for survivors of an Army expedition that was caught in heavy snow crossing the Hakkōda Mountains of Aomori Prefecture in 1902. In 1937, the Ainu dog was designated in Japan as \"\"a rare species protected by law\"\" by the Ministry of Education and it was decided that the official name of the breed would be Hokkaido-Inu. However, the dogs are almost always called Hokkaido-Ken among the Japanese people. In 2007, Japanese telecom company SoftBank began using a white Hokkaido named in its commercial campaigns for their White Plan where he stars as or , the patriarch of the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 8 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "219341", "chunk_text": "\"Snow Dogs\"\nRace, which is only two weeks away. Ted tries to find out why he was given up for adoption, and who was his biological father. He meets bar owner Barb, a close friend of Lucy. Barb helps Ted to deal with the dogs and teaches him how to drive a sled, and falls in love with him. Ted has several encounters with Thunder Jack, who tries to buy the dogs, especially Demon. Barb tells Brooks that Thunder Jack is his biological father. Ted confronts Thunder Jack, who offers to tell the truth about Ted's birth in exchange for the dogs;", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 9 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1283607", "chunk_text": "\"Balto (film)\"\na rest, the grandmother tells a story about Nome, Alaska back in 1925, shifting the film from live-action to animation. Balto (Bacon), a wolfdog hybrid, lives on the outskirts of Nome with his adoptive father, a snow goose named Boris (Hoskins) and two polar bears, Muk and Luk (Collins). Being half-wolf, Balto is shunned by dogs and humans alike. His only friends in town are a red husky named Jenna (Fonda)-- whom Balto has a crush on-- and her owner, Rosy (Juliette Brewer). He is frequently challenged by the town's favorite sled dog, Steele (Cummings), a fierce and arrogant Alaskan", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 10 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "219339", "chunk_text": "\"Snow Dogs\"\nSnow Dogs Snow Dogs is a 2002 American adventure comedy film directed by Brian Levant and starring Cuba Gooding Jr. and James Coburn (in one of his final roles). The film was released in the United States on January 18, 2002 by Walt Disney Pictures. The film is inspired by the book \"\"\"\" by Gary Paulsen. Dr. Ted Brooks is a dentist in Miami, Florida. Every city bus carries an advertisement for his dental practice \"\"Hot Smile\"\" with his picture. One day, Ted receives a letter from Alaska, naming him as the only heir of Lucy Watkins, a resident of", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 11 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10561080", "chunk_text": "\"Snow Buddies\"\ntreacherous the race is by the sheriff, the puppies begin their trek while Jean George, last year's champion, cheats by sabotaging the other racer's sled or pushing them off their sled. Soon only young Adam and Jean George are left but news of a terrible blizzard arrives and it's too late to call off the race as the racers have already gotten past the midway checkpoint. Meanwhile, the puppies' parents, Buddy and Molly follow the puppies to Alaska, after being tipped by Mrs. Mittens, where the Saint Bernard dog Bernie informs them of their participation in the race. Sheriff Ryan", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 12 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4405476", "chunk_text": "Winterdance\never run a small team of dogs Paulsen is severely lacking in experience. In order to run the Iditarod, he will need a team of fifteen or sixteen dogs, and he doesn't own even half that many. He purchases some Canadian sled dogs, Devil, Ortho, and Murphy, and on the drive back home quickly realizes the difference between family pets and Eskimo sled dogs. Before they have gone several miles Devil and Ortho have chewed their way out of their travel kennels and are destroying the back of the truck, and Paulsen says to Ruth that someone will have to", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 13 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "556765", "chunk_text": "\"Stetson, Street Dog of Park City\"\non the head. Behind the cafe, Stetson finds his friend Sam, a Golden Retriever, and then wanders over to his favorite snow cave; because he is small, the snow cave is just the right size. Stetson continues on to Love Your Pet Bakery, which is owned by three giant Newfoundland dogs, Ferguson, Apollo and Atlas. The lady at the counter gives Stetson a treat and he wanders upstairs, to an area where they sell custom dog collars. He sidles up to a customer, hoping that she needs a tan and brown terrier. Stetson tries on an orange collar, but none", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 14 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "237074", "chunk_text": "\"Norbert (dog)\"\nNorbert (dog) Norbert is a fluffy, 7\"\" tall mixed breed registered therapy dog, best known for his Norbert picture book series, and his popularity on social media. Norbert's breed is unknown, but is suspected to be a cross between 3 dog breeds, chihuahua, cairn terrier & lhasa apso. Norbert's time, money and book revenue is given to various charitable causes throughout the United States. His first book, \"\"Norbert: What Can Little Me Do?\"\" was published by Polly Parker Pressand won nine book awards in 2014 including, Next Generation Indie Book Awards, Nautilus Book Awards, Mom's Choice Awards, and Ben Franklin", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 15 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1240075", "chunk_text": "\"NANA Regional Corporation\"\nare never again in question. NANA-owned lands are managed by the NANA Lands and Regional Affairs Department. NANA lands are part of the largest, unexplored on-shore basin in North America. The land is mineral-rich and NANA works with its partners to develop the resources to the benefit of its shareholders. NANA states that subsistence is the highest and best use of their lands and all projects must be in alignment with that priority. NANA is land-owner of the Red Dog Mine. The mine was developed in 1982 under an innovative operating agreement between NANA, a Native corporation owned by the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 16 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20398073", "chunk_text": "\"Nankyoku Tairiku\"\ncoming of the second expedition team. Despite their joyous reunion, the expedition team ended up losing two more sled dogs. Kuma from Pippu broke his chain, ran off into the Antarctic wilderness, and disappeared, while Tetsu died at the base of natural causes. Shiroko, the sole female dog of the team, soon gave birth to a litter of eight puppies, bringing the number of dogs at the base up to 24 sled dogs. As the ship, Soya, carrying the second Antarctica expedition team approached, it became entrapped by pack ice due to the changing weather conditions and the ship's lack", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 17 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7709051", "chunk_text": "\"Snow Buddies\"\nDisney imported 20 under-aged golden retriever puppies from New York State, into Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada for the filming of the movie. A second group of 8 puppies, of eight weeks of age were brought to set one week later from Washington State. Many of the puppies contracted the highly contagious parvovirus, against which puppies are usually vaccinated at 8 weeks of age. At least 15 puppies showed signs of the illness, including parasitic infections of giardia and coccidia, and all were removed from the set. Three were euthanized for intussusception before the parvo outbreak, one for suspected parvo (but", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 18 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2322227", "chunk_text": "\"Sled dog\"\npolar bears. The Chinook is a drafting and sled dog developed in New Hampshire in the early 1900s, and is a blend of Mastiff, Greenland Husky, German Shepherd, and Belgian Shepherd. It is the state dog of New Hampshire and was recognized by the AKC as a Working breed in 2013. They are described as athletic and \"\"hard bodied\"\" with a \"\"tireless gait\"\". Eskimo dogs that originated in Greenland, Greenland Dogs are heavy dogs with high endurance but little speed. They are frequently used by people offering dog sled adventures and long expeditions. There are more than 30,000 Greenland Dogs", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 19 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16888514", "chunk_text": "\"Akita (dog)\"\nAkita (dog) The is a large breed of dog originating from the mountainous regions of northern Japan. There are two separate varieties of Akita: a Japanese strain, commonly called \"\"Akita Inu\"\" (\"\"inu\"\" means \"\"dog\"\" in Japanese), or \"\"Japanese Akita\"\"; and an American strain, known as the \"\"Akita\"\" or \"\"American Akita\"\". The Japanese strain comes in a narrow palette of colors, with all other colors considered atypical of the breed, while the American strain comes in all dog colors. The Akita has a short double-coat similar to that of many other northern spitz breeds such as the Siberian Husky, but long-coated", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 20 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3340483", "chunk_text": "\"Greenland Dog\"\nGreenland Dog The Greenland Dog (Greenlandic: \"\"Kalaallit Qimmiat\"\", Danish: \"\"Grønlandshunden\"\") is a large breed of husky-type dog kept as a sled dog and for hunting polar bear and seal. They were brought from Siberia to North America by the Thule people 1,000 years ago, along with the Canadian Eskimo Dog that is genetically identical. The first dogs arrived in the Americas 12,000 years ago. However, people and their dogs did not settle in the Arctic until the Paleo-Eskimo people 4,500 years ago and then the Thule people 1,000 years ago, both originating from Siberia. Dogs first appeared in Greenland around", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 21 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "219345", "chunk_text": "\"Snow Dogs\"\nthem were ready to be parents. Ted also discovers that Demon's bad temper was because of a bad tooth. He pulls the rotten tooth and Demon becomes more open and friendly (despite keeping his name). During the journey back to Tolketna, the sled nearly goes over a cliff into a river, but the dogs pull themselves back up. Ted finally brings Thunder Jack across the finish line. Ted introduces Thunder Jack to Amelia, and Brooks and Thunder Jack decide to share the \"\"Arctic Flame\"\" trophy. Some time later, Ted has moved his dental practice to Tolketna. He and Barb become", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 22 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14253383", "chunk_text": "\"Norbert (dog)\"\nchildren in need. Norbert (dog) Norbert is a fluffy, 7\"\" tall mixed breed registered therapy dog, best known for his Norbert picture book series, and his popularity on social media. Norbert's breed is unknown, but is suspected to be a cross between 3 dog breeds, chihuahua, cairn terrier & lhasa apso. Norbert's time, money and book revenue is given to various charitable causes throughout the United States. His first book, \"\"Norbert: What Can Little Me Do?\"\" was published by Polly Parker Pressand won nine book awards in 2014 including, Next Generation Indie Book Awards, Nautilus Book Awards, Mom's Choice Awards,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 23 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3987812", "chunk_text": "\"Nanalan'\"\nsecond season. In 2004, select episodes were released across several DVDs in the United States. In 2016, the series went viral with a resurgence in popularity on websites such as Tumblr and YouTube for its bizarre nature. The show focuses on Mona, a three-year-old puppet girl with a big imagination and a tendency to repeat short words or phrases while also pronouncing them incorrectly. Each episode begins with Mona's mother dropping her daughter off at Nana's house and ends with her picking Mona up. Mona, Nana, and Nana's pet dog Russell spend the day exploring, learning, and visiting Nana's next-door", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 24 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20685202", "chunk_text": "\"Darya Dontsova\"\nEvlampiya Romanova (born in 1963) in the past - Yefrosinya Romanova, late child and the long-awaited daughter of Soviet general-scientist and opera singer, graduated from the Conservatory Harp, once married, after the divorce changed her name, and learned to cook .Lampa (Light) opened her own detective agency, where she worked as a private detective, making friends with the police Major Vladimir Kostin. According to the plot she got: the cat Semiramis and Pingvu, the cat Claus, pugs Ada, Mulia, Plusha, Fenya, Kapa and two other dogs Staffordshire Terrier Rachel and mongrel Ramika, hamsters Kesha, Petya, Leonardo and toad Gertrude. He", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 25 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20393500", "chunk_text": "\"Snow Time\"\nSnow Time Snow Time, also known as Alaska Daze in some reissues, is a 1932 animated short film distributed by Columbia Pictures, and as part of the Krazy Kat series. It is winter time and Krazy is in his horse-drawn sleigh, running through the snowy outdoors. Next, he stops over at the house of his spaniel girlfriend. Krazy then calls and invites her to go out with him. Showing herself through a window, the spaniel discloses she cannot come outside because her door is blocked by thick snow. In this, Krazy and his horse goes on to clear the doorway.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 26 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15112268", "chunk_text": "\"North of the Yukon\"\nused anymore, to which Scrooge objects (\"\"Yes, but in weather like this only dogs can take you where you have to go.\"\"). Upon saying this, an old sled dog pops out the snow. The old dog's name is Barko. The owner explains that Barko was once the North's greatest champion, but now he's old and stricken with rheumatism. It is then revealed that the other dog team is Soapy Slick's champion racing team (as the owner tells Donald this, Slick and his team pass). Scrooge remembers how Barko helped deliver serum to Nome (a reference to the 1925 serum run", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 27 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8878949", "chunk_text": "\"Kuma von Clifford\"\nbefore his 17th birthday. Kuma von Clifford Kuma von Clifford (2001—November 30, 2018) was an American dog actor. With a career spanning from 2005 to 2017, the dog appeared in several films and starred as the original title character in the Disney Channel television series \"\"Dog with a Blog\"\", as well as the character of Grandma on the Nickelodeon series \"\"Mutt & Stuff\"\". Kuma was a lifelong resident of Southern California, where he was raised by Sarah Clifford. Kuma was a mutt, with Golden Retriever, Husky and Australian Shepherd lineage. The dog died in late November 2018 as the result", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 28 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8878948", "chunk_text": "\"Kuma von Clifford\"\nKuma von Clifford Kuma von Clifford (2001—November 30, 2018) was an American dog actor. With a career spanning from 2005 to 2017, the dog appeared in several films and starred as the original title character in the Disney Channel television series \"\"Dog with a Blog\"\", as well as the character of Grandma on the Nickelodeon series \"\"Mutt & Stuff\"\". Kuma was a lifelong resident of Southern California, where he was raised by Sarah Clifford. Kuma was a mutt, with Golden Retriever, Husky and Australian Shepherd lineage. The dog died in late November 2018 as the result of a stroke, shortly", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 29 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6177191", "chunk_text": "\"My Scene\"\nwebsite states that he is male, but he is shown wearing female clothing in the \"\"Miami Getaway\"\" line. Bella is a carlin dog owned by Madison. Bella is a female, confirmed by the My Scene website, and by her name. Cookie is a Pug owned by Nolee(and later, Nia). He is male. Sugar is an adult female cat owned by Delancey. Sugar gave birth to kittens in the Getting Ready line, including Pinky, the only kitten that Delancey kept. Coco is Kenzie's brown Yorkshire terrier. Blanca is Jai's white Chihuahua. St. Bernard, is Hudson's' unnamed St. Bernard. It was the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 30 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7253543", "chunk_text": "\"Snowdog Art Trails\"\nin aid of Marlett's Hospice in Hove and this raised £337,000. The highest priced dogs were Max, at £22,000 and Boomer, at £20,000. The Snowdogs returned for a second year, this time in Cardiff, Wales. A total of 43 Snowdogs were placed around the Welsh capital during the autumn of 2017, with the trail running from September 16 to November 26. Members of the public were able to view them all together at the farewell weekend of December 8 to December 10. The dogs were auctioned off on December 12, with proceeds going to the Tŷ Hafan hospice. A total", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 31 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20398071", "chunk_text": "\"Nankyoku Tairiku\"\nfood rations running out and the icy conditions taking their toll on him and his companions, Kuramochi comes up with a plan. Turning loose the lead dog Riki, as well as the brothers Taro and Jiro, Kuramochi sent the three dogs with a message to get help from their comrades at the base. Shortly after the dogs left to get help, Kuramochi, Himuro, and Inuzuka succumb to the bitter cold and lose consciousness. 6. What Really Happened 54 Years Ago As the blizzard finally let up, Utsumi and Samejima took the snowcat to search for the missing explorers. While searching", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 32 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7709045", "chunk_text": "\"Snow Buddies\"\nbecoming his new protégés. When Shasta introduces his owner, Adam, to his new sleigh team, the child is delighted at the prospect of his dreams coming true and the team pursue vigorous training routines. Adam begins building a new sleigh with his team of hard-working puppies. Talon proudly watches as the team's efforts come to fruition and it seems as though they are cooperating as a team. The older town huskies, however, are not impressed and begin to plan their downfall. They reveal to the Buddies that Shasta's parents were killed in a dog sled race last year when the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 33 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17613051", "chunk_text": "\"Snowdog Art Trails\"\nauction raised over £250,000 for the hospice, with two dogs (Disco Dog and Guide Dog) fetching over £9,000 each. While the Great North Snowdogs trail was underway, a second trail was launched at the other end of England in the south coast resort of Brighton and Hove. As with the northern exhibition, snowdogs were placed around the city and they remained there from September 24 to 27 November 2016. A total of 44 Snowdogs and 22 smaller Snowpups were on display. Over 5,000 visitors attended the farewell weekend (held on December 4 and 5).An auction was held on December 6", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 34 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "219348", "chunk_text": "\"Snow Dogs\"\nthe film. Two of the dogs came from Kortar Kennels, in Ontario. The animatronic effects were designed and built by Jim Henson's Creature Shop. The special effects were provided by The Secret Lab, the special effects division of Disney. On Rotten Tomatoes, the film has a rating of 24% based on 82 reviews. The site's consensus reads \"\"A mediocre live-action children's movie, \"\"Snow Dogs\"\" is filled with cliched dialogue, tiresome pratfalls, and stale fish-out-of-water jokes.\"\" It grossed $115 million worldwide against a $33 million budget. John Debney won the ASCAP Award in 2003 for the soundtrack. \"\"Snow Dogs\"\" was referenced", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 35 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6860786", "chunk_text": "\"Kevin of the North\"\ndogs to replace the ones he lost: Farty, a Nova Scotia Duck Tolling Retriever, Trooper, a German Shepherd, Pierre, a black poodle, Barker, a large dark-brown wiry-haired mongrel, Gumly, a large St. Bernard, Snowflake, a white American bulldog, and a Jack Russell terrier named Riddles. After the Iditarod race begins and the teams head off into the wilderness, Kevin begins to learn how to survive on the trail and face the perils that seem to pull on him. He and his dogs begin to form a bond of friendship. Along the trail, Kevin rescues Bonnie from Parker, who was in", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 36 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7253544", "chunk_text": "\"Snowdog Art Trails\"\nof £121,000 was raised for the charity, with the highest-earning dogs being Enfys, at £6,100 and Snow Tiger, at £5,100. The fourth exhibition saw 35 Snowdogs and 19 Snowpups laid out on a 4-mile trail through and around Ashford, Kent. The exhibition ran from September 12 to November 18, 2018, with a farewell weekend taking place on December 1 and 2. An auction of the Snowdogs and two Snowpups took place on December 3, raising £142,000 for Pilgrims Hospices. The highest-selling Snowdogs were Doodle Dog, at £15,000 and Bagdogg, at £9,000. The 35 Snowdogs include designs based on, amongst others,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 37 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11205444", "chunk_text": "\"Hokkaido dog\"\nHokkaido dog The is a breed of dog originating from Japan. Other names for the breed include Ainu-ken, Seta, Ainu dog. In Japan, its name is sometimes shortened to Dō-ken (道犬). The Hokkaido is native to the prefecture of the same name in Japan. The breed is medium in size, with small, triangular, upright ears. The small eyes have a rising triangular outline. The Hokkaido has a coat of long, stiff fur, and a second, shorter coat of soft fur. Colors include red, white, black, brindle, sesame, black and tan, and wolf-gray. Males are typically 50 cm (20 in) tall", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 38 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11334905", "chunk_text": "\"North of the Yukon\"\nThe old sled dog then gathers his team and musher onto the sled, and with his rheumatism barely holding him back, he pulls with all his might. Desperate to help their uncle, the boys stop by an Inuit village to see the local Junior Woodchucks. Upon meeting the Arctic Patrol, the boys are given a lift by a troop who raised a polar bear cub as a sled dog named Poly Poly. Later that night, Scrooge awakens to see that Barko pulled them the whole time. Thankful of his new friend's help, Scrooge and the Kyoodles pull the rest of", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 39 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3756369", "chunk_text": "\"Merry Dog\"\nMerry Dog Merry Dog is a short animated film by Walter Lantz Productions, and is the sixth of the Pooch the Pup theatrical cartoons. It is Christmas time, and Santa Claus flies across the evening sky in his reindeer-drawn sleigh. Down on the snowy terrain, Pooch rides on a dachshund-pulled sled, and sings a jazzy version of the song \"\"Jingle Bells\"\". On the way, a hungry husky spots and starts to pursue the dog. Pooch arrives at a house. Opening the door and letting him in is his friend the girl coonhound. The husky also arrives just outside but struggles", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 40 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "36720", "chunk_text": "\"Piper Reed\"\nmany things, which aggravates Michael. Michael owns a pet guinea pig named \"\"Tippy Toes\"\" due to the fact that Nicole is allergic to dogs and he cannot have one, and Nicole has a cat named Shelby, who shares a rivalry with Haley's dog Buttercup. Like Piper, Nicole and Michael are both Navy brats, and their mother sailed off on the same ship as Piper's father. Haley, Piper's other friend, and another member of the Gypsy Club. Haley owns a dog named Buttercup who resembles a cat, who resents Shelby, Nicole's cat. Ms. Mitchell, Piper's reading teacher, who helps Piper out", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 41 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10071407", "chunk_text": "\"Search and rescue dog\"\nproved significantly different as compared to biological tissue containing bacteria, etc. Avalanche dogs work similarly to airscenting, disaster, or cadaver dogs, and must be able to rapidly transition from a wilderness SAR-airscenting scenario to a disaster scenario focused on pinpointing the subject's location. An Avalanche dog's main responsibility is usually to find humans that are trapped under snow. Some avalanche dogs can smell people that are under 15 feet of snow. Some dogs that are used for this job are St. Bernards, German Shepherd Dogs, and Labrador Retrievers. Missing animal search (MAS) dogs use tracking, trailing and air scenting techniques", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 42 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "219343", "chunk_text": "\"Snow Dogs\"\nwait out a bad storm, but Jack presses on. He is annoyed by the pretensions of defending champion Olivier, who is dining on crab legs in an elaborate tent. In Miami, Ted recounts his experiences to his mother, who accidentally breaks a frame holding a picture of Lucy and Demon. This reveals a snapshot of Lucy and Jack with a baby. Ted is infuriated that Jack lied to him, and rushes back to Alaska. There he learns that Jack is lost on the trail, and the weather is too bad for searching. Ted decides to go searching himself, taking Lucy's", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 43 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13862816", "chunk_text": "\"Northern Inuit Dog\"\nMalamute, Siberian Husky, Samoyed and Grey Wolf. However there are lines that will show no Samoyed or Grey Wolf. The Northern Inuit Dog is of medium to large build, athletic but never racy. Females should be between 23 and 28 inches (58–71 cm) tall and weigh around 55–84 pounds (25–38 kg), while males should be between 25 and 30 inches (58–81 cm) tall and weigh 79–110 pounds (36–48 kg). The dog should have a double coat and a straight tail (Sickle when excited) – curly tails are considered a fault. The Northern Inuit dog is not for the novice owner", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 44 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12159268", "chunk_text": "\"Families of Archie's Gang\"\nfriendships for good, when they were informed of their daughter's deceit by a concerned Mr. Weatherbee. They forced her to shed her assumed identity of Shirley Merryweather, and punished her by making her attend Riverdale High for the remainder of the school year. In \"\"Riverdale\"\", Clifford and Penelope are portrayed by Barclay Hope and Nathalie Boltt, respectively. Sugar is Cheryl Blossom’s purebred Pomeranian dog. Although Cheryl may seem snobby and antagonistic at times, Sugar proves that she has a soft sentimental side. She also proves that Cheryl prefers top-breed dogs to mixed breeds like Hot Dog. Mrs. Doiley, Dilton’s mother,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 45 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16706951", "chunk_text": "\"Alaskan Malamute\"\nAlaskan Malamute The Alaskan Malamute is a large breed of domestic dog (\"\"Canis lupus familiaris\"\") originally bred for their strength and endurance to haul heavy freight, and later as a sled dog. They are similar to other arctic breeds and spitz breeds, such as the Greenland Dog, Canadian Eskimo Dog, the Siberian Husky, and the Samoyed. Although it is believed that the first dogs arrived in the Americas 15,000 years ago, there is evidence going back much further. However, people and their dogs did not settle in the Arctic until the Eskimo people 4,500 years ago and then the Thule", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 46 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10561082", "chunk_text": "\"Snow Buddies\"\nhis parents' death. The puppies pull the dogs out of the icy waters and Jean George continues the race without any gratitude and abandons their rescuers. Jean George's dogs realise they owe nothing to their owner and everything to Shasta and the Buddies, and so, slow down and \"\"go on strike\"\" causing Jean George to lose the race. Adam is victorious and the Buddies reunite with Buddy and Molly. Jean George gives out to his dogs and they respond in kind by chasing him around the Arctic. The Buddies sadly say goodbye to their new best friend, Shasta, as well", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 47 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13862815", "chunk_text": "\"Northern Inuit Dog\"\nNorthern Inuit Dog The Northern Inuit Dog is a crossbred dog that originated in the late 1980s, in an attempt to create a domestic dog breed more closely resembling the wolf. It is currently only recognized by its own independent breed club, but by no other major kennel clubs. The dog originates from crosses among German Shepherd Dogs, Siberian Huskies, Samoyeds, Alaskan Malamute and a variety of Inuit breeds. Although the original stock is Canadian in origin, the breed was developed in the UK. Embark DNA in USA have reported in 2017 that the breeds prominent are German Shepherd, Alaskan", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 48 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19953350", "chunk_text": "\"Michelle Tanner\"\nthe offers, not realizing she is accepting bribes, which ultimately make Teddy and Denise angry when they understand what is actually happening). The three eventually make up in the end after Michelle picks Comet the dog as her best friend and traces him and Danny helps them to understand that they could all be best friends. In the season three episode \"\"And They Call It Puppy Love,\"\" the Tanner family adopts a dog named Comet, one of the puppies born to Minnie, a golden retriever who wandered from the home of her owners halfway across the country to California and", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 49 } ]
test_3563	who has won the most college football national champions?	n/a	[ "Princeton" ]	[]	n/a	n/a	n/a	[]	[ { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19912055", "chunk_text": "\"College football national championships in NCAA Division I FBS\"\ncrown their champions after the bowl games are completed. The BCS champion was automatically awarded the Coaches Poll championship. Of the current 120+ Football Bowl Subdivision (FBS, formerly Division I-A) schools, only 30 have won at least a share of a national title by the AP or Coaches poll. Of these 30 teams, only 19 teams have won multiple titles. Of the 19 teams, only 7 have won five or more national titles: Alabama, Notre Dame, Oklahoma, USC, Miami (FL), Nebraska, and Ohio State. The years listed in the table below indicate a national championship selection by the AP or", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 0 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "945788", "chunk_text": "\"Ivy League\"\ncountry. In particular, Princeton won 26 recognized national championships in college football (last in 1935), and Yale won 18 (last in 1927). Both of these totals are considerably higher than those of other historically strong programs such as Alabama, which has won 15, Notre Dame, which claims 11 but is credited by many sources with 13, and USC, which has won 11. Yale, whose coach Walter Camp was the \"\"Father of American Football,\"\" held on to its place as the all-time wins leader in college football throughout the entire 20th century, but was finally passed by Michigan on November 10,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 1 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19077421", "chunk_text": "\"College football national championships in NCAA Division I FBS\"\nthe 1920s and 1930s and were the only organized methods selecting national champions until the Associated Press began polling sportswriters in 1936 to obtain rankings. Alan J. Gould, the creator of the AP Poll, named Minnesota, Princeton, and SMU co-champions in 1935, and polled writers the following year, which resulted in a national championship for Minnesota. The AP's main competition, United Press, created the first Coaches Poll in 1950. For that year and the next three, the AP and UP agreed on the national champion. The first \"\"split\"\" championship occurred in 1954, when the writers selected Ohio State and the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 2 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19077433", "chunk_text": "\"College football national championships in NCAA Division I FBS\"\nFame. The first contemporaneous poll to include teams across the country and selection of a national champions can be traced to Caspar Whitney in 1901. The last retroactive selection was made by Clyde Berryman in 1989 (Notre Dame). The tie was removed from college football in 1995 and the last consensus champion with a tie in its record was Georgia Tech in 1990. The 1947 Michigan Wolverines are often credited with a national championship on the basis of a \"\"free poll\"\" conducted by an AP sportswriter after the 1948 Rose Bowl, though that poll was unofficial and it is not", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 3 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19077417", "chunk_text": "\"College football national championships in NCAA Division I FBS\"\nfootball team has often engendered controversy. A championship team is independently declared by multiple individuals and organizations, often referred to as \"\"selectors\"\". These choices are not always unanimous. In 1969 even the President of the United States Richard Nixon declared a national champion by announcing, ahead of the season-ending game between #1 Texas and #2 Arkansas, that the winner of that game would receive a plaque from the President himself, commemorating that team as the year's national champion. Texas went on to win that game,15–14. While the NCAA has never officially endorsed a championship team, it has documented the choices", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 4 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10734712", "chunk_text": "\"Undisputed national championship\"\ncollege football history occurred in 1921, when six separate schools were all declared national champions of the same season. From 1910 to 1942, not one single title was undisputed. the 1943, 1948, 1963, 1971, and 1972 seasons ended with a single undisputed champion, but the next one to follow that would be the 2013 championship won by Florida State. In all, in the century from 1910 to 2009, multiple schools were awarded the championship 95 times. Many college football historians combat the severe splitting of titles by only recognizing titles issued by the AP Poll or the Coaches' Poll, and", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 5 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19077430", "chunk_text": "\"College football national championships in NCAA Division I FBS\"\nthe National Football Foundation. College football historian Parke H. Davis is the only selector considered by the NCAA to have primarily used research in his selections. Davis did all of his work in 1933, naming retroactive national champions for most of the years from 1869 to 1932 while naming Michigan and Princeton (his alma mater) co-champions at the end of the 1933 season. The Bowl Championship Series used a mathematical system that combined polls (Coaches and AP/Harris) and multiple computer rankings (including some individual selectors listed above) to determine a season ending matchup between its top two ranked teams in", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 6 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19912050", "chunk_text": "\"College football national championships in NCAA Division I FBS\"\nfrom 1962 to 1967 only 10 teams were recognized. From 1968 to 1988, the AP again resumed its Top 20 before expanding to 25 teams in 1989. Until the 1968 college football season, the final AP Poll of the season was released following the end of the regular season, with the exception of the 1965 season. In 1964, Alabama was named the national champion in the final AP Poll following the completion of the regular season, but lost in the Orange Bowl to Texas, leaving Arkansas as the only undefeated, untied team after the Razorbacks defeated Nebraska in the Cotton", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 7 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9499086", "chunk_text": "\"Oklahoma Sooners\"\nNational Championship as well. This number is 3rd only to the Notre Dame Fighting Irish and the Alabama Crimson Tide (who have 9) for the most AP titles of any Division I college football team after the end of World War II (which is commonly used as the division between eras in college football). In addition to these seven acknowledged national championships there are also nine additional years in which the NCAA's official record book recognizes the Sooners as national champions: 1949, 1953, 1957, 1967, 1973, 1978, 1980, 1986, 2003. The University of Oklahoma does not acknowledge these additional \"\"championships\"\",", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 8 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14708186", "chunk_text": "\"College football\"\nDavis (known as \"\"Mr. Outside\"\") both won the Heisman Trophy, in 1945 and 1946. On the coaching staff of those 1944–1946 Army teams was future Pro Football Hall of Fame coach Vince Lombardi. The 1950s saw the rise of yet more dynasties and power programs. Oklahoma, under coach Bud Wilkinson, won three national titles (1950, 1955, 1956) and all ten Big Eight Conference championships in the decade while building a record 47-game winning streak. Woody Hayes led Ohio State to two national titles, in 1954 and 1957, and won three Big Ten titles. The Michigan State Spartans were known as", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 9 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19077429", "chunk_text": "\"College football national championships in NCAA Division I FBS\"\nUPI from 1991 to 1992, with \"\"USA Today\"\" from 1993 to 1996, and with the FWAA from 2014 forward. Selectors are listed below with years selected retroactively in \"\"italics\"\". For many years, the national champion of various polls were selected prior to the bowl games. The national champion was selected before bowl games as follows: AP (1936–1964 and 1966–1967), Coaches Poll (1950–1973), FWAA (1954), and NFF (1959–1970). In all other latter-day polls, champions were selected after bowl games. During the BCS era, the winner of the BCS Championship Game was automatically awarded the national championship of the Coaches Poll and", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 10 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19077428", "chunk_text": "\"College football national championships in NCAA Division I FBS\"\ncollege football, and selectors that were included for the calculation of the BCS standing, are listed together. The mathematical system is the oldest systematic selector of college football national champions. Many of the math selectors were created during the \"\"championship rush\"\" of the 1920s and 1930s, beginning with Frank Dickinson's system, or during the dawn of the computer age in the 1990s. Selectors are listed below with years selected retroactively in \"\"italics\"\". The poll has been the dominant national champion selector since the inception of the AP Poll in 1936. It is notable that the NFF merged its poll with", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 11 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19077423", "chunk_text": "\"College football national championships in NCAA Division I FBS\"\nof the major polls released their rankings after the end of the regular season until the AP polled writers after the bowls in 1965, resulting in what was perceived at the time as a better championship selection (Alabama) than UPI's (Michigan State). After 1965, the AP again voted before the bowls for two years, before permanently returning to a post-bowl vote in 1968. The coaches did not conduct a vote after the bowls until 1974, in the wake of awarding their 1973 championship to Alabama, who lost to the AP champion, undefeated Notre Dame, in the Sugar Bowl. The AP", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 12 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19077420", "chunk_text": "\"College football national championships in NCAA Division I FBS\"\ncontemporaneous polls can be traced to Caspar Whitney, Charles Patterson, and \"\"The Sun\"\" in 1901. Therefore, the concept of polls and national champions predated mathematical ranking systems, but it was Frank Dickinson's math system that was one of the first to be widely popularized. His system named 10–0 Stanford the national champion of 1926, prior to their tie with Alabama in the Rose Bowl. A curious Knute Rockne, then coach of Notre Dame, had Dickinson backdate two seasons, which produced Notre Dame as the 1924 national champion and Dartmouth in 1925. A number of other mathematical systems were born in", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 13 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8123793", "chunk_text": "\"Bear Bryant\"\nBear Bryant Paul William \"\"Bear\"\" Bryant (September 11, 1913 – January 26, 1983) was an American college football player and coach. He was best known as the head coach of the University of Alabama football team. During his 25-year tenure as Alabama's head coach, he amassed six national championships (tied for the most in modern college football history) and thirteen conference championships. Upon his retirement in 1982, he held the record for most wins as head coach in collegiate football history with 323 wins. The Paul W. Bryant Museum, Paul W. Bryant Hall, Paul W. Bryant Drive, and Bryant–Denny Stadium", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 14 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19912051", "chunk_text": "\"College football national championships in NCAA Division I FBS\"\nBowl Classic. In 1965, the AP's decision to wait to crown its champion paid off, as top-ranked Michigan State lost to UCLA in the Rose Bowl, number two Arkansas lost to LSU in the Cotton Bowl Classic, and fourth-ranked Alabama defeated third-ranked Nebraska in the Orange Bowl, vaulting the Crimson Tide to the top of the AP's final poll. Michigan State was named national champion in the final United Press International poll of coaches, which did not conduct a post-bowl poll. At the end of the 1947 season, the AP released an unofficial post-bowl poll which differed from the regular", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 15 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10667280", "chunk_text": "\"Big Three (colleges)\"\nmeeting in 1877.) The Big Three teams had an outsized hold on popular culture as they dominated college football during its early formative years, when there were few competing spectator sports besides fledgling professional baseball teams. In 25 seasons spanning 1869 through the 1894 title for the University of Pennsylvania, the consensus national champion was either Princeton (16 titles), Yale (13) or Harvard (2). Football between Harvard and Yale was suspended for two years after the 1894 game in Springfield, Massachusetts was so violent that it was referred to as \"\"The Springfield Massacre.\"\" Other sports including baseball and crew were", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 16 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19668384", "chunk_text": "\"2016 College Football Playoff National Championship\"\nand the No. 2 Alabama Crimson Tide, who shut out the No. 3 Michigan State Spartans 38–0 at the Cotton Bowl Classic, coached by Nick Saban. The 13–1 Alabama Crimson Tide won the game, holding off the undefeated Clemson Tigers 45–40 in the fourth quarter. Accompanied by a talented receiving corps, Clemson's Heisman Finalist quarterback Deshaun Watson had a historic performance, setting the record for most total yards in national championship game history, with 478 yards (405 passing / 73 rushing) against the nation's third-ranked defense in Alabama, breaking the record previously set by Vince Young in the 2006 Rose", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 17 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14310817", "chunk_text": "\"University of Michigan\"\n2015 season) and first among FBS schools in winning percentage (.731). The team won the first Rose Bowl game in 1902. U-M had 40 consecutive winning seasons from 1968 to 2007, including consecutive bowl game appearances from 1975 to 2007. The Wolverines have won a record 42 Big Ten championships. The program has 11 national championships, most recently in 1997, and has produced three Heisman Trophy winners: Tom Harmon, Desmond Howard and Charles Woodson. Michigan Stadium is the largest college football stadium in the nation and one of the largest football-only stadiums in the world, with an official capacity of", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 18 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1975984", "chunk_text": "\"Robert Neyland\"\nRobert Neyland Robert Reese Neyland ( ), MBE, (February 17, 1892 – March 28, 1962) was an American football player and coach and officer in the United States Army, reaching the rank of brigadier general. He served three stints as the head football coach at the University of Tennessee (UT) from 1926 to 1934, 1936 to 1940, and 1946 to 1952. He is one of two college football coaches to have won national titles in two non-consecutive tenures at the same school, along with Frank Leahy of the University of Notre Dame. Neyland holds the record for most wins in", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 19 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14541697", "chunk_text": "\"Bear Bryant\"\n30 winning seasons. Bear Bryant Paul William \"\"Bear\"\" Bryant (September 11, 1913 – January 26, 1983) was an American college football player and coach. He was best known as the head coach of the University of Alabama football team. During his 25-year tenure as Alabama's head coach, he amassed six national championships (tied for the most in modern college football history) and thirteen conference championships. Upon his retirement in 1982, he held the record for most wins as head coach in collegiate football history with 323 wins. The Paul W. Bryant Museum, Paul W. Bryant Hall, Paul W. Bryant Drive,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 20 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4730666", "chunk_text": "\"Notre Dame Fighting Irish football\"\nsports except ice hockey. Notre Dame is one of the most iconic and successful programs in college football. The school claims 11 national championships, but the NCAA recognizes the school with 13. Moreover, Notre Dame has 21 national championships recognized by all major selectors; this is tied with Alabama for the most in the FBS. Notre Dame and Ohio State share the record of seven Heisman Trophy winners, but Notre Dame leads Ohio State by the number of individual winners. Notre Dame has produced 101 consensus All-Americans, 34 unanimous All-Americans, 52 members of the College Football Hall of Fame, and", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 21 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4669484", "chunk_text": "\"College football\"\nprevious decades, the Big Ten continued to dominate in the 1930s and 1940s, with Minnesota winning 5 titles between 1934 and 1941, and Michigan (1933, 1947, and 1948) and Ohio State (1942) also winning titles. As it grew beyond its regional affiliations in the 1930s, college football garnered increased national attention. Four new bowl games were created: the Orange Bowl, Sugar Bowl, the Sun Bowl in 1935, and the Cotton Bowl in 1937. In lieu of an actual national championship, these bowl games, along with the earlier Rose Bowl, provided a way to match up teams from distant regions of", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 22 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16615815", "chunk_text": "\"Pat Trammell\"\nto win the National Coach of the Year Award for 1961, which was his first of three, as well as his first of six NCAA Division I FBS (I-A) National Championships, all of which were more than any other college football coach in history, until tied by Nick Saban in 2018. Coach Bryant would ultimately be considered as the \"\"greatest college football coach of all times.\"\" Trammell set multiple records during his career at Alabama, mostly during his senior season. 1,314 total yards in a single season with 1,035 passing yards was, at the time, a school record. At the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 23 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1079582", "chunk_text": "\"Super Bowl XXX\"\nwin five Super Bowl championships, winning two with San Francisco (XXIII and XXIV) and two previously with Dallas (XXVII and XXVIII). Barry Switzer became the second head coach, after former Cowboys head coach Jimmy Johnson, to win a college football national championship (University of Oklahoma 1974, 1975, 1985) and a Super Bowl title. After a many-year long tradition of presenting the Vince Lombardi Trophy to the winning team in its locker room after the game, the NFL began the tradition of presenting the trophy on the field. The outcome of the game had rather large ramifications for two soon-to-be free", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 24 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9276146", "chunk_text": "\"AP Poll\"\nnational champion in football between Minnesota, Princeton, and Southern Methodist. Minnesota fans protested, and a number of Gould's colleagues led by Charles \"\"Cy\"\" Sherman suggested he create a poll of sports editors instead of only using his own list, and the next year the poll was born. It has run continuously from 1936. Due to the long-standing historical ties between individual college football conferences and high-paying bowl games like the Rose Bowl and Orange Bowl, the NCAA had not held a tournament or championship game to determine the champion of what is now the highest division, NCAA Division I, Football", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 25 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2421158", "chunk_text": "\"Modern history of American football\"\nwith Texas Christian University (TCU) in 1938 and Texas A&M in 1939. The Pacific Coast Conference (PCC), a precursor to the contemporary Pac-12 Conference, had its own back-to-back champion in the University of Southern California which was awarded the title in 1931 and 1932. The Southeastern Conference (SEC) formed in 1932 and consisted mostly of schools in the Deep South. As in previous decades, the Big Ten continued to dominate in the 1930s and 1940s, with Minnesota winning 5 titles between 1934 and 1941, and Michigan (1933, 1947, and 1948) and Ohio State (1942) also winning titles. As it grew", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 26 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19077431", "chunk_text": "\"College football national championships in NCAA Division I FBS\"\nthe BCS Championship Game. The champion of that game was contractually awarded the Coaches Poll and National Football Foundation championships. Unlike all selectors prior to 2014, the College Football Playoff does not use math, polls or research to select the participants. Rather, a 13-member committee selects and seeds the teams. The playoff system marked the first time any championship selector arranged a bracket competition to determine whom it would declare to be its champion. Below is a list of the national champions of college football from 1869 to present (with the exception of 1871, in which no games were played)", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 27 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19912054", "chunk_text": "\"College football national championships in NCAA Division I FBS\"\nfrom 2005 to present. During the era of the BCS, the Coaches Poll was under contractual obligation to award its national championship selection to the winner of the BCS Championship Game or its predecessors—who was presented with the AFCA National Championship Trophy during a post-game presentation. The College Football Playoff is not tied to the Coaches Poll in this manner. The following table contains the national championships that have been recognized by the final AP or Coaches Poll. Originally both the AP and Coaches poll champions were crowned after the regular season, but since 1968 and 1974, respectively, both polls", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 28 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14708193", "chunk_text": "\"College football\"\nMichigan, Texas, and Notre Dame are ranked first, second, and third in total wins. In 1940, for the highest level of college football, there were only five bowl games (Rose, Orange, Sugar, Sun, and Cotton). By 1950, three more had joined that number and in 1970, there were still only eight major college bowl games. The number grew to eleven in 1976. At the birth of cable television and cable sports networks like ESPN, there were fifteen bowls in 1980. With more national venues and increased available revenue, the bowls saw an explosive growth throughout the 1980s and 1990s. In", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 29 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20870002", "chunk_text": "\"College Football Playoff National Championship Trophy\"\nCollege Football Playoff National Championship Trophy The College Football Playoff National Championship Trophy is the trophy awarded to the winner of the College Football Playoff (CFP), the postseason tournament in American college football that determines a national champion for the NCAA Division I Football Bowl Subdivision (FBS). It is currently held by the Alabama Crimson Tide, who won the fourth College Football Playoff National Championship to cap the 2017 season. The , trophy is oblong-shaped like a football at the base, tapering up to a flattened full-size football at the top. It is made of 24-karat gold, bronze and stainless", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 30 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19077435", "chunk_text": "\"College football national championships in NCAA Division I FBS\"\ntable. <br> <br> <br> <br> The national title count listed below is a culmination of all championship awarded since 1869, regardless of consensus or non-consensus status, as listed in the table above according to the selectors deemed to be major as listed in the official \"\"NCAA Football Bowl Subdivision Records\"\" (minus the Harris Interactive poll, 2005–2013, that is listed but does not conduct a final poll or award a championship). The totals can be said to be disputed. Individual schools may claim national championships not accounted for by the NCAA Football Bowl Subdivision Records or may not claim national championship", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 31 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17712923", "chunk_text": "\"Princeton Tigers\"\ngame took place between Rutgers and Columbia University in 1870 and a third notable game took place between Tufts University and Harvard University in 1875. The popularity of intercollegiate competition in football would spread throughout the country shortly thereafter. Though Princeton is no longer a part of Division I Football Bowl Subdivision, the Tigers have the most overall national championships of any team in major college football history with 24 consensus and non-consensus national championships dating all the way back to their first one, shared with Rutgers, in 1869. Princeton's football helmets are also the basis for Michigan Wolverines football", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 32 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13865024", "chunk_text": "\"College Football's National Championship\"\nCollege Football's National Championship College Football's National Championship is a 1994 American football video game that was released exclusively for the North American Sega Genesis video game system. A sequel, \"\"College Football's National Championship II\"\", was released in 1995. The game is based on the 1993 NCAA Division I-A football season. Considered to be a clone of \"\"NFL Football '94 Starring Joe Montana\"\" with college teams, the game used exactly the same engine as the original program. Exhibition games and a tournament mode are available but not a regular season mode. Four players can play simultaneously with the help of", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 33 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19077447", "chunk_text": "\"College football national championships in NCAA Division I FBS\"\nseason final poll. The AP national championship had been awarded before bowl games were played. Beginning in the 1968 season, a post bowl game poll was released and the AP championship reflected the bowl game results. The UPI did not follow suit with the Coaches Poll until the 1974 season. The Coaches Poll began selecting the top 20 teams on a weekly basis during the 1950–1951 college football season. It is conducted among selected members of the American Football Coaches Association. In 1990 the poll expanded to a top 25, and it has retained this format since. The Coaches Poll", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 34 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14924861", "chunk_text": "\"History of American football\"\nown back-to-back champion in the University of Southern California which was awarded the title in 1931 and 1932. The Southeastern Conference (SEC) formed in 1932 and consisted mostly of schools in the Deep South. As in previous decades, the Big Ten continued to dominate in the 1930s and 1940s, with Minnesota winning 5 titles between 1934 and 1941, and Michigan (1933, 1947, and 1948) and Ohio State (1942) also winning titles. As it grew beyond its regional affiliations in the 1930s, college football garnered increased national attention. Four new bowl games were created: the Orange Bowl, Sugar Bowl, the Sun", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 35 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6582867", "chunk_text": "\"National Collegiate Athletic Association\"\nthe National Champions in men's and women's basketball receive an elaborate trophy with a black marble base and crystal \"\"neck\"\" with a removable crystal basketball following the presentation of the standard NCAA Championship trophy. As of May 23, 2018, Stanford, UCLA, and Southern California (USC) have the most NCAA championships. Stanford has won 117 and UCLA 116 of their combined NCAA team championships in men's and women's sports, while USC is third with 105. The NCAA has never sanctioned an official championship for its highest level of football, now known as Division I FBS. Instead, several outside bodies award their", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 36 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2421164", "chunk_text": "\"Modern history of American football\"\n(known as \"\"Mr. Inside\"\") and Glenn Davis (known as \"\"Mr. Outside\"\") both won the Heisman Trophy, in 1945 and 1946 respectively. On the coaching staff of those 1944–1946 Army teams was future Pro Football Hall of Fame coach Vince Lombardi. The 1950s saw the rise of yet more dynasties and power programs. Oklahoma, under coach Bud Wilkinson, won three national titles (1950, 1955, 1956) and all ten Big Eight Conference championships in the decade while building a record 47-game winning streak. Woody Hayes led Ohio State to two national titles, in 1954 and 1957, and dominated the Big Ten conference,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 37 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8533066", "chunk_text": "\"University of Alabama\"\nat Legion Field in Birmingham. Nearly synonymous with Alabama football is legendary coach Paul \"\"Bear\"\" Bryant whose record at the University of Alabama was 232–46–9. He led the Crimson Tide to 6 national titles in 1961, 1964, 1965, 1973, 1978, and 1979, which is tied with Notre Dame's legendary coach Knute Rockne and Alabama’s current head football coach Nick Saban. Additionally, the 1966 team was the only one in the country to finish with a perfect record, but poll voters denied the 12–0 Alabama team the three-peat as Michigan State and Notre Dame played each other to a 10–10 tie", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 38 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10734711", "chunk_text": "\"Undisputed national championship\"\ntitles. Since the establishment of college football in 1869, National titles were split for much of its history. The 1869 season saw only two games, a home-and-home series between Rutgers and Princeton, and with each team winning one game, both schools claim the 1869 national championship. Princeton won the following year's national title by winning its only game of the season, while Rutgers went 1-1 and Columbia losing their only game. This was the first undisputed title in college football history. From 1893 to 1906, the title was split 13 out of 14 seasons. Perhaps the widest split title in", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 39 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19077418", "chunk_text": "\"College football national championships in NCAA Division I FBS\"\nof some selectors in its official \"\"NCAA Football Bowl Subdivision Records\"\" publication. In addition, various analysts have independently published their own choices for each season. These opinions can often diverge with others as well as individual schools' claims to national titles, which may or may not correlate to the selections published elsewhere. Currently, two of the most widely recognized national champion selectors are the Associated Press, which conducts a poll of sportswriters, and the Coaches Poll, a survey of active members of the American Football Coaches Association. Since 1992, various consortia of major bowl games have aimed to invite the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 40 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6142053", "chunk_text": "\"Nick Saban\"\nPlayoff championships in 2015 and 2017. He became the first coach in college football history to win a national championship with two different Football Bowl Subdivision (FBS) schools since the inception of the AP Poll in 1936. Saban and Bear Bryant are the only coaches to win an SEC championship at two different schools. In 2013, Saban was inducted into the Alabama Sports Hall of Fame. Saban has been considered by many as the greatest coach in college football history. He is tied with Bryant for most major college football national championships for a coach in the modern era. Saban", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 41 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4669513", "chunk_text": "\"College football\"\nvarious regional conferences. Several organizations operate college football programs outside the jurisdiction of the NCAA: A college that fields a team in the NCAA is not restricted from fielding teams in club or sprint football, and several colleges field two teams, a varsity (NCAA) squad and a club or sprint squad (no schools, , field both club \"\"and\"\" sprint teams at the same time). Started in the 2014 season, four Division I FBS teams are selected at the end of regular season to compete in a playoff for the FBS national championship. The inaugural champion was Ohio State University. The", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 42 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8627476", "chunk_text": "\"College Football Playoff National Championship\"\ngames cannot host the championship game in the same year, Pasadena and New Orleans were not eligible for the 2018 game; South Florida and Arlington could not host in 2019; and Glendale and Atlanta were excluded from 2020 consideration. The same exclusions rotate every three years through 2026. Note: Conference affiliations are contemporaneous with the game, which may differ from the current alignment. College Football Playoff National Championship The College Football Playoff National Championship is a post-season college football bowl game, used to determine a national champion of the NCAA Division I Football Bowl Subdivision (FBS), which began play in", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 43 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19077422", "chunk_text": "\"College football national championships in NCAA Division I FBS\"\ncoaches chose UCLA. The two polls also disagreed in 1957, 1965, 1970, 1973, 1974, 1978, 1990, 1991, 1997, and 2003. The Coaches Poll would stay with United Press (UP) when they merged with International News Service (INS) to form United Press International (UPI) but was acquired by \"\"USA Today\"\" and CNN in 1991. The poll was in the hands of \"\"USA Today\"\" and ESPN from 1997 to 2005 before moving to sole ownership by \"\"USA Today\"\". Beginning in 2014, Amway became a joint sponsor with \"\"USA Today\"\". Though some of the math systems selected champions after the bowl games, both", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 44 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "794284", "chunk_text": "\"Joe Paterno\"\nan NCAA Division I football coach. Former Florida State coach Bobby Bowden held the NCAA major college record for wins at 377, while for NCAA Division I schools, Grambling State University coach Eddie Robinson's 408 victories stood as the official record. The 111 wins were restored on January 16, 2015, as a part of a settlement between the NCAA and Penn State, once again making him the most victorious coach in FBS NCAA football history. Joe Paterno Joseph Vincent Paterno (; December 21, 1926 – January 22, 2012), sometimes referred to as JoePa, was an American college football player, athletic", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 45 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19077443", "chunk_text": "\"College football national championships in NCAA Division I FBS\"\nnational champion. The AP college football poll has a long history. The news media began running their own polls of sports writers to determine who was, by popular opinion, the best football team in the country at the end of the season. One of the earliest such polls was the AP College Football Poll, first run in 1934 (compiled and organized by Charles Woodroof, former SEC Assistant Director of Media Relations, but not recognized in the official NCAA Football Bowl Subdivision Records) and then continuously from 1936. Due to the long-standing historical ties between individual college football conferences and high-paying", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 46 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8633901", "chunk_text": "\"2018 College Football Playoff National Championship\"\nby a score of 24–6 to reach the championship game. The Tide had a 12–1 season, becoming the SEC West Division co-champions with the Auburn Tigers. The Crimson Tide were coached by Nick Saban. The Georgia Bulldogs defeated the Oklahoma Sooners in the 2018 Rose Bowl by a score of 54–48 in double overtime to reach the championship game. The Bulldogs had a 13–1 season claiming their 13th Southeastern Conference (SEC) championship with a win over Auburn Tigers, 28–7. The Bulldogs were coached by Kirby Smart. † = 2017 All-American After winning the coin toss, Alabama deferred to the second", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 47 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4669487", "chunk_text": "\"College football\"\nwas designed by sculptor Frank Eliscu and modeled after New York University player Ed Smith. The trophy recognizes the nation's \"\"most outstanding\"\" college football player and has become one of the most coveted awards in all of American sports. During World War II, college football players enlisted in the armed forces, some playing in Europe during the war. As most of these players had eligibility left on their college careers, some of them returned to college at West Point, bringing Army back-to-back national titles in 1944 and 1945 under coach Red Blaik. Doc Blanchard (known as \"\"Mr. Inside\"\") and Glenn", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 48 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11919624", "chunk_text": "\"History of American football\"\nboth horizontally and vertically. Some teams have managed to adapt with the times to keep winning consistently. In the rankings of the most victorious programs, Michigan, Notre Dame, and Texas are ranked first, second, and third in total wins. In 1940, for the highest level of college football, there were only five bowl games (Rose, Orange, Sugar, Sun, and Cotton). By 1950, three more had joined that number and in 1970, there were still only eight major college bowl games. The number grew to eleven in 1976. At the birth of cable television and cable sports networks like ESPN, there", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 49 } ]
test_3564	who ruled the ottoman empire in the 1500s?	n/a	[ "Selim I" ]	[]	n/a	n/a	n/a	[]	[ { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12090565", "chunk_text": "\"Ottoman Empire\"\nOttoman Empire The Ottoman Empire (; , ', literally \"\"The Exalted Ottoman State\"\"; Modern Turkish: ' or '), also historically known in Western Europe as the Turkish Empire or simply Turkey, was a state that controlled much of Southeast Europe, Western Asia and North Africa between the 14th and early 20th centuries. It was founded at the end of the 13th century in northwestern Anatolia in the town of Söğüt (modern-day Bilecik Province) by the Oghuz Turkish tribal leader Osman I. After 1354, the Ottomans crossed into Europe, and with the conquest of the Balkans, the Ottoman beylik was transformed", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 0 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19519489", "chunk_text": "\"History of the Ottoman Empire\"\ndue to its control of the major overland trade routes between Europe and Asia. The Empire prospered under the rule of a line of committed and effective Sultans. Sultan Selim I (1512–1520) dramatically expanded the Empire's eastern and southern frontiers by defeating Shah Ismail of Safavid Persia, in the Battle of Chaldiran. Selim I established Ottoman rule in Egypt, and created a naval presence on the Red Sea. After this Ottoman expansion, a competition started between the Portuguese Empire and the Ottoman Empire to become the dominant power in the region. Selim's successor, Suleiman the Magnificent (1520–1566), further expanded upon", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 1 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "149265", "chunk_text": "\"Ottoman Empire\"\nEmpire, the majority of the Orthodox population accepted Ottoman rule as preferable to Venetian rule. Albanian resistance was a major obstacle to Ottoman expansion on the Italian peninsula. In the 15th and 16th centuries, the Ottoman Empire entered a period of expansion. The Empire prospered under the rule of a line of committed and effective Sultans. It also flourished economically due to its control of the major overland trade routes between Europe and Asia. Sultan Selim I (1512–1520) dramatically expanded the Empire's eastern and southern frontiers by defeating Shah Ismail of Safavid Persia, in the Battle of Chaldiran. Selim I", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 2 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7678597", "chunk_text": "\"Ottoman Empire\"\nestablished Ottoman rule in Egypt, and created a naval presence on the Red Sea. After this Ottoman expansion, a competition started between the Portuguese Empire and the Ottoman Empire to become the dominant power in the region. Suleiman the Magnificent (1520–1566) captured Belgrade in 1521, conquered the southern and central parts of the Kingdom of Hungary as part of the Ottoman–Hungarian Wars, and, after his historic victory in the Battle of Mohács in 1526, he established Turkish rule in the territory of present-day Hungary (except the western part) and other Central European territories. He then laid siege to Vienna in", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 3 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4890001", "chunk_text": "\"Ottoman Empire\"\ninto a transcontinental empire. The Ottomans ended the Byzantine Empire with the 1453 conquest of Constantinople by Mehmed the Conqueror. During the 16th and 17th centuries, at the height of its power under the reign of Suleiman the Magnificent, the Ottoman Empire was a multinational, multilingual empire controlling most of Southeast Europe, parts of Central Europe, Western Asia, parts of Eastern Europe and the Caucasus, North Africa and the Horn of Africa. At the beginning of the 17th century, the empire contained 32 provinces and numerous vassal states. Some of these were later absorbed into the Ottoman Empire, while others", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 4 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "733045", "chunk_text": "\"Selim I\"\nSelim I Selim I (Ottoman Turkish: سليم اول, Modern Turkish: \"\"Birinci Selim\"\"; 1470/1 – September 1520), known as Selim the Grim or Selim the Resolute (), was the Sultan of the Ottoman Empire from 1512 to 1520. His reign is notable for the enormous expansion of the Empire, particularly his conquest between 1516 and 1517 of the entire Mamluk Sultanate of Egypt, which included all of the Levant, Hejaz, Tihamah, and Egypt itself. On the eve of his death in 1520, the Ottoman Empire spanned about , having grown by seventy percent during Selim's reign. Selim's conquest of the Middle", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 5 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11527054", "chunk_text": "\"Suleiman the Magnificent\"\nSuleiman the Magnificent </nowiki> Suleiman I ( '; or '; 6 November 1494 – 6 September 1566), commonly known as Suleiman the Magnificent in the West and Kanunî Sultan Süleyman (; \"\"The Lawgiver Suleiman\"\") in his realm, was the tenth and longest-reigning Sultan of the Ottoman Empire from 1520 until his death in 1566. Under his administration, the Ottoman state ruled over 15 to 25 million people. Suleiman became a prominent monarch of 16th-century Europe, presiding over the apex of the Ottoman Empire's economic, military and political power. Suleiman personally led Ottoman armies in conquering the Christian strongholds of Belgrade", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 6 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1030275", "chunk_text": "\"Territorial evolution of the Ottoman Empire\"\nEast. He represents a sudden change in the expansion policy of the empire, which was working mostly against the West and the Beyliks before his reign. On the eve of his death in 1520, the Ottoman empire spanned almost (trebling during Selim's reign). These included few dependent, vassal states as like Walachia from 1396, Crimea Khanate from 1475, Moldavia from 1501 and Algeria from 1520. Suleiman I ( \"\"Süleymān\"\", ; almost always \"\"Kanuni Sultan Süleyman\"\") (6 November 1494 – 5/6/7 September 1566), was the tenth and longest-reigning Sultan of the Ottoman Empire, from 1520 to his death in 1566. Suleiman", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 7 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5997550", "chunk_text": "\"History of the Ottoman Empire\"\nHistory of the Ottoman Empire The Ottoman Empire was founded by Osman I. As sultan Mehmed II conquered Constantinople (today named Istanbul) in 1453, the state grew into a mighty empire. The Empire reached its apex under Suleiman the Magnificent in the 16th century when it stretched from the Persian Gulf in the east to Hungary in the northwest; and from Egypt in the south to the Caucasus in the north. The empire came to an end in the aftermath of its defeat by the Allies in World War I. The empire was abolished by the Government of the Turkish", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 8 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1030274", "chunk_text": "\"Territorial evolution of the Ottoman Empire\"\nage of 21, he conquered Constantinople (on Tuesday, 29 May 1453), bringing an end to the Byzantine Empire. Selim I (Ottoman Turkish: سليم اوّل, Modern Turkish: \"\"I. Selim\"\") also known as \"\"the Grim\"\" or \"\"the Brave\"\", or the best translation \"\"the Stern\"\", \"\"Yavuz\"\" in Turkish, the long name is \"\"Yavuz Sultan Selim\"\"; (1470/1 – September 22, 1520) was the Sultan of the Ottoman Empire from 1512 to 1520. Selim's father was Bayezid II and his mother was Ayşe Hatun, from Dulkadirids. Selim carried the empire to the leadership of the Sunni branch of Islam by his conquest of the Middle", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 9 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8446240", "chunk_text": "\"Classical Age of the Ottoman Empire\"\nClassical Age of the Ottoman Empire The Classical Age of the Ottoman Empire () concerns the history of the Ottoman Empire from the Conquest of Constantinople in 1453 until the second half of the sixteenth century, roughly the end of the reign of Suleiman the Magnificent (r. 1520-1566). During this period a system of patrimonial rule based on the absolute authority of the sultan reached its apex, and the empire developed the institutional foundations which it would maintain, in modified form, for several centuries. The territory of the Ottoman Empire greatly expanded, and led to what some historians have called", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 10 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7678600", "chunk_text": "\"Ottoman Empire\"\nconquest of Esztergom in northern Hungary. After further advances by the Turks, the Habsburg ruler Ferdinand officially recognized Ottoman ascendancy in Hungary in 1547. By the end of Suleiman's reign, the Empire spanned approximately , extending over three continents. In addition, the Empire became a dominant naval force, controlling much of the Mediterranean Sea. By this time, the Ottoman Empire was a major part of the European political sphere. The Ottomans became involved in multi-continental religious wars when Spain and Portugal were united under the Iberian Union, the Ottomans as holders of the Caliph title, meaning leader of all Muslims", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 11 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19519563", "chunk_text": "\"History of the Ottoman Empire\"\nthe Ottoman Empire's fall were a result of tensions between the Empire's different ethnic groups and the various governments' inability to deal with these tensions. The introduction of increased cultural rights, civil liberties and a parliamentary system during the Tanzimat proved too late to reverse the nationalistic and secessionist trends that had already been set in motion since the early 19th century. History of the Ottoman Empire The Ottoman Empire was founded by Osman I. As sultan Mehmed II conquered Constantinople (today named Istanbul) in 1453, the state grew into a mighty empire. The Empire reached its apex under Suleiman", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 12 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13793782", "chunk_text": "\"Ottoman dynasty\"\nOttoman dynasty The Ottoman Dynasty () was made up of the members of the imperial House of Osman ( \"\"Ḫānedān-ı Āl-ı ʿOsmān\"\"), also known as the Ottomans (). According to Ottoman tradition, the family originated from the Kayı tribe branch of the Oghuz Turks, under Osman I in northwestern Anatolia in the district of Bilecik Söğüt. The Ottoman dynasty, named after Osman I, ruled the Ottoman Empire from c. 1299 to 1922. During much of the Empire's history, the sultan was the absolute regent, head of state, and head of government, though much of the power often shifted to other", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 13 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19519492", "chunk_text": "\"History of the Ottoman Empire\"\ncontrol of Mesopotamia and naval access to the Persian Gulf. By the end of Suleiman's reign, the Empire's population totaled about 15,000,000 people. Under Selim and Suleiman, the Empire became a dominant naval force, controlling much of the Mediterranean. The exploits of the Ottoman admiral Barbarossa Hayreddin Pasha, who commanded the Ottoman Navy during Suleiman's reign, led to a number of military victories over Christian navies. Important naval victories of the Ottoman Empire in this period include the Battle of Preveza (1538); Battle of Ponza (1552); Battle of Djerba (1560); conquest of Algiers (in 1516 and 1529) and Tunis (in", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 14 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13403112", "chunk_text": "\"Ottoman Caliphate\"\nOttoman Caliphate The Ottoman Caliphate (1517–1924), under the Ottoman dynasty of the Ottoman Empire, was the last Sunni Islamic caliphate of the late medieval and the early modern era. During the period of Ottoman growth, Ottoman rulers claimed caliphal authority since Murad I's conquest of Edirne in 1362. Later Selim I, through conquering and unification of Muslim lands, became the defender of the Holy Cities of Mecca and Medina which further strengthened the Ottoman claim to caliphate in the Muslim world. The demise of the Ottoman Caliphate took place because of a slow erosion of power in relation to Western", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 15 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4048285", "chunk_text": "\"Ottoman Turks\"\nOttoman Turks The Ottoman Turks (or Osmanlı Turks, ) were the Turkish-speaking population of the Ottoman Empire who formed the base of the state's military and ruling classes. Reliable information about the early history of Ottoman Turks is scarce, but they take their Turkish name, \"\"Osmanlı\"\" (\"\"Osman\"\" being corrupted in some European languages as \"\"Ottoman\"\"), from the house of Osman I (reigned ca. 1299–1326), the founder of the dynasty that ruled the Ottoman Empire for its entire 624 years. After the expansion from its home in Bithynia, the Ottoman principality began incorporating other Turkish-speaking Muslims and non-Turkish Christians, becoming the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 16 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "924815", "chunk_text": "\"Rüstem Pasha\"\nRüstem Pasha Rüstem Pasha Opuković (; ; 1500 – 10 July 1561) was a Croatian born Ottoman statesman. He served as the grand vizier of sultan Suleiman the Magnificent. Rüstem Pasha is also known as Damat Rüstem Pasha (the epithet \"\"damat\"\" meaning \"\"son-in-law\"\" to the Ottoman dynasty) because of his marriage to one of the sultan's daughters. He is known as one of the most influential and successful grand viziers of the Ottoman Empire. He was the wealthiest grand vizier in history. Rustem Pasha was taken as a child to Constantinople, where he built a military and bureaucracy career. He", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 17 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14076620", "chunk_text": "\"Osman I\"\nOsman I Osman I or Osman Gazi (; ; died 1323/4), sometimes transliterated archaically as Othman, was the leader of the Ottoman Turks and the founder of the Ottoman dynasty. He and the dynasty bearing his name later established and ruled the nascent Ottoman Empire (then known as the Ottoman Beylik or Emirate). The state, while only a small principality during Osman's lifetime, transformed into a world empire in the centuries after his death. It existed until shortly after the end of World War I. Historians commonly mark the end date at the abolition of the sultanate in 1922, the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 18 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3170456", "chunk_text": "\"Ottoman Hungary\"\nOttoman Hungary Ottoman Hungary was the territory of southern and central Medieval Hungary which was ruled by the Ottoman Empire from 1541 to 1699. Ottoman rule was scattered and covered mostly the southern territories of the former medieval Kingdom of Hungary as almost the entire region of the Great Hungarian Plain (except the northeastern parts) and Southern Transdanubia. By the sixteenth century, the power of the Ottoman Empire had increased gradually, as did the territory controlled by them in the Balkans, while the Kingdom of Hungary was weakened by the peasants' uprisings. Under the reign of Louis II Jagiellon (1516–1526),", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 19 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19519496", "chunk_text": "\"History of the Ottoman Empire\"\nconquest of Esztergom in 1543. France and the Ottoman Empire, united by mutual opposition to Habsburg rule in both Southern and Central Europe, became strong allies during this period. The alliance was economic and military, as the sultans granted France the right of trade within the Empire without levy of taxation. By this time, the Ottoman Empire was a significant and accepted part of the European political sphere. It made a military alliance with France, the Kingdom of England and the Dutch Republic against Habsburg Spain, Italy and Habsburg Austria. As the 16th century progressed, Ottoman naval superiority was challenged", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 20 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13793799", "chunk_text": "\"Ottoman dynasty\"\nit was later used for various independent Muslim Monarchs. This title was senior to and more prestigious than that of Amir; it was not comparable to the title of Malik 'King', a secular title not yet common among Muslim rulers, or the Persian title of Shah, which was used mostly among Persian or Iranian related rulers. The Ottoman sultans also claimed the title of Caliph starting with Murad I, who transformed the Ottoman state into a transcontinental empire. With the Conquest of Constantinople in 1453, Sultan Mehmed II Fatih (1451 - 1481) claimed the title \"\"Kaysar-i-Rûm\"\" \"\"Emperor of Rome\"\" and", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 21 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12090592", "chunk_text": "\"Ottoman Empire\"\nterritory, the Sultanate of Aceh in Southeast Asia. During 1600s the world-wide conflict between the Ottoman Caliphate and Iberian Union was a stalement since both powers where at similar population, technology and economic levels. Nevertheless, the success of the Ottoman political and military establishment was compared to the Roman Empire, by the likes of Italian scholar Francesco Sansovino and the French political philosopher Jean Bodin. In the second half of the sixteenth century the Ottoman Empire came under increasing strain from inflation and the rapidly rising costs of warfare that were impacting both Europe and the Middle East. These pressures", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 22 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15137545", "chunk_text": "\"Mehmed the Conqueror\"\nMehmed the Conqueror Mehmed II (; Modern ; 30 March 1432 – 3 May 1481), commonly known as Mehmed the Conqueror (), was an Ottoman Sultan who ruled first for a short time from August 1444 to September 1446, and later from February 1451 to May 1481. At the age of 21, he conquered Constantinople (modern-day Istanbul) and brought an end to the Byzantine Empire. Mehmed continued his conquests in Anatolia with its reunification and in Southeast Europe as far west as Bosnia. Mehmed is considered a hero in modern-day Turkey and parts of the wider Muslim world. Among other", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 23 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3637562", "chunk_text": "\"Burji dynasty\"\nof Constantinople to the Ottomans in 1453; both states vied for control of the spice trade, and the Ottomans aspired to eventually taking control of the Holy Cities of Islam. An earlier conflict, which lasted from 1485 to 1491, had led to a stalemate. By 1516, the Ottomans were free from other concerns—Sultan Selim I had just vanquished the Safavid Persians at the Battle of Chaldiran in 1514—and turned their full might against the Mamluks, who ruled in Syria and Egypt, to complete the Ottoman conquest of the Middle East. In 1517 the Ottoman Turks and their Sultan Selim I", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 24 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8446263", "chunk_text": "\"Classical Age of the Ottoman Empire\"\nof the Turks. Later that year, Bayezid's son Ahmet forced his father into making him regent. His brother Selim was forced to flee to Crimea. When Ahmet was about to be crowned the Janissaries intervened, killed the prince and forced Bayezid into calling Selim back and making him the sultan. Bayezid abdicated and he died immediately after leaving the throne. During his reign, Selim I (so called \"\"Yavuz\"\", the Grim) was able to expand the empire's borders greatly to the south and east. At the Battle of Chaldiran in eastern Anatolia in 1514, Ottoman forces under Sultan Selim I won", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 25 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "149251", "chunk_text": "\"Ottoman Empire\"\nits Middle Eastern territories, which were divided between the United Kingdom and France. The successful Turkish War of Independence against the occupying Allies led to the emergence of the Republic of Turkey in the Anatolian heartland and the abolition of the Ottoman monarchy. The word \"\"Ottoman\"\" is a historical anglicisation of the name of Osman I, the founder of the Empire and of the ruling House of Osman (also known as the Ottoman dynasty). Osman's name in turn was the Turkish form of the Arabic name \"\"ʿUthmān\"\" (). In Ottoman Turkish, the empire was referred to as \"\"Devlet-i ʿAlīye-yi ʿOsmānīye\"\"", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 26 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "149349", "chunk_text": "\"Ottoman Empire\"\nof the 15th century the empire had a Christian majority, under the rule of a Muslim minority. In the late 19th century, the non-Muslim population of the empire began to fall considerably, not only due to secession, but also because of migratory movements. The proportion of Muslims amounted to 60% in the 1820s, gradually increasing to 69% in the 1870s and then to 76% in the 1890s. By 1914, only 19.1% of the empire's population was non-Muslim, mostly made up of Jews and Christian Greeks, Assyrians, and Armenians. Turkic peoples practiced a variety of shamanism before adopting Islam. Abbasid influence", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 27 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19519607", "chunk_text": "\"Rise of the Ottoman Empire\"\nperiod, the Ottomans were merely one of many competing states in the region, and relied upon the support of local warlords and vassals to maintain control over their realm. By the middle of the fifteenth century the Ottoman sultans were able to accumulate enough personal power and authority to establish a centralized imperial state, a process which was brought to fruition by Sultan Mehmed II (r. 1451-1481). The conquest of Constantinople in 1453 is seen as the symbolic moment when the emerging Ottoman state shifted from a mere principality into an empire, marking a major turning point in its history.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 28 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "991947", "chunk_text": "\"Mehmed III\"\nMehmed III Mehmed III (, \"\"Meḥmed-i sālis\"\"; ; 26 May 1566–21 December 1603) was Sultan of the Ottoman Empire from 1595 until his death in 1603. Mehmed was born at the Manisa Palace in 1566, during the reign of his great-grandfather, Suleiman the Magnificent. He was the son of Şehzade Murad (later Murad III), himself the son of Şehzade Selim (later Selim II), who was the son of Sultan Suleiman and Hürrem Sultan. His mother was Safiye Sultan, an Albanian from the Dukagjin highlands. His great-grandfather died the year he was born and his grandfather became the new Sultan, Selim", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 29 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13793801", "chunk_text": "\"Ottoman dynasty\"\nwas Sultan Mehmed II Khan, Fatih Ghazi 'Abu'l Fath (Victorious Conqueror, Father of Conquest), \"\"Padishah, Sovereign of the House of Osman, Emperor of Rome, Grand Sultan of Anatolia and Rumelia, Khan of Khans of the Two Lands and the Two Seas, Emperor of the three Cities of Constantinople, Edirne and Bursa\"\". He was the first Ottoman ruler to adopt the imperial title of \"\"Padishah\"\". The Ottoman claim to caliphate was strengthened when they defeated the Mamluks in 1517 and annexed Egypt during the rule of Selim I. Selim also received the title \"\"Custodian of the Two Noble Sanctuaries\"\", \"\"Khadim al-Haramayn", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 30 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12819683", "chunk_text": "\"Turkish people\"\nOttoman armies, under Sultan Mehmed II, conquered Constantinople. Mehmed reconstructed and repopulated the city, and made it the new Ottoman capital. After the Fall of Constantinople, the Ottoman Empire entered a long period of conquest and expansion with its borders eventually going deep into Europe, the Middle East, and North Africa. Selim I dramatically expanded the empire’s eastern and southern frontiers in the Battle of Chaldiran and gained recognition as the guardian of the holy cities of Mecca and Medina. His successor, Suleiman the Magnificent, further expanded the conquests after capturing Belgrade in 1521 and using its territorial base to", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 31 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5997678", "chunk_text": "\"Rise of the Ottoman Empire\"\nRise of the Ottoman Empire The foundation and rise of the Ottoman Empire is a period of history that started with the emergence of the Ottoman principality in , and ended with the conquest of Constantinople on May 29, 1453. This period witnessed the foundation of a political entity ruled by the Ottoman Dynasty in the northwestern Anatolian region of Bithynia, and its transformation from a small principality on the Byzantine frontier into an empire spanning the Balkans and Anatolia. For this reason, this period in the empire's history has been described as the Proto-Imperial Era. Throughout most of this", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 32 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3836085", "chunk_text": "\"Rise of the Ottoman Empire\"\nimpact. The first Ottoman incursions into the Balkans began shortly thereafter. Depopulation resulting from the plague was thus almost certainly a major factor in the success of early Ottoman expansion into the Balkans, and contributed to the weakening of the Byzantine Empire and the depopulation of Constantinople. During this early period, before the Ottomans were able to establish a centralized system of government in the middle of the fifteenth century, the rulers' powers were \"\"far more circumscribed, and depended heavily upon coalitions of support and alliances reached\"\" among various power-holders within the empire, including Turkic tribal leaders and Balkan allies", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 33 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12759898", "chunk_text": "\"Ottoman Caliphate\"\nsovereignty, and worse, a threat to State security. Kemal promptly seized his chance. On his initiative, the National Assembly abolished the Caliphate on March 3, 1924. Abdülmecid was sent into exile along with the remaining members of the Ottoman House, marking the official end of the Ottoman Caliphate. Ottoman Caliphate The Ottoman Caliphate (1517–1924), under the Ottoman dynasty of the Ottoman Empire, was the last Sunni Islamic caliphate of the late medieval and the early modern era. During the period of Ottoman growth, Ottoman rulers claimed caliphal authority since Murad I's conquest of Edirne in 1362. Later Selim I, through", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 34 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16519539", "chunk_text": "\"Transformation of the Ottoman Empire\"\npermanent one. In comparison with earlier periods of Ottoman history, the empire's territory remained relatively stable, stretching from Algeria in the west to Iraq in the east, and from Arabia in the south to Hungary in the north. The pace of expansion slowed during the second half of the reign of Suleiman the Magnificent (1520–66), as the Ottomans sought to consolidate the vast conquests carried out between 1514 and 1541, but did not come to an end. After making peace with Austria in 1568, the Ottomans launched the 1570–73 Ottoman-Venetian War, conquering Cyprus and most of Dalmatia. A naval campaign", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 35 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4048287", "chunk_text": "\"Ottoman Turks\"\nexpanded the principality; the empire and the people were named \"\"Ottomans\"\" by Europeans after him (\"\"Ottoman\"\" being a corruption of \"\"Osman\"\"). Osman's son Orhan expanded the growing Ottoman Empire, taking Nicaea (present-day İznik) and crossed the Dardanelles in 1362. The Ottoman Empire came into its own when Mehmed II captured the Byzantine Empire's capital, Constantinople (Istanbul), in 1453. The Ottoman Empire came to rule much of the Balkans, the Caucasus, the Middle East (excluding Iran), and North Africa over the course of several centuries, with an advanced army and navy. The Empire lasted until the end of the First World", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 36 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19519491", "chunk_text": "\"History of the Ottoman Empire\"\nthe city at the fortress of Güns. In the other version of the story, the city's commander, Nikola Jurišić, was offered terms for a nominal surrender. However, Suleiman withdrew at the arrival of the August rains and did not continue towards Vienna as previously planned, but turned homeward instead. After further advances by the Turks in 1543, the Habsburg ruler Ferdinand officially recognized Ottoman ascendancy in Hungary in 1547. During the reign of Suleiman, Transylvania, Wallachia and, intermittently, Moldavia, became tributary principalities of the Ottoman Empire. In the east, the Ottoman Turks took Baghdad from the Persians in 1535, gaining", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 37 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1489643", "chunk_text": "\"Sultan Cem\"\nstrives for historical accuracy and was translated into Turkish, German, Rumanian, Polish, Russian, Czech, Slovak, Hungarian, French, Estonian, Greek and Croatian. Sultan Cem Sultan Cem or Cem Sultan (December 22, 1459 – February 25, 1495) (; ; ), also referred to as \"\"Jem Sultan\"\", or \"\"Zizim\"\" by the French, was a pretender to the Ottoman throne in the 15th century. Cem was the third son of Sultan Mehmed II and younger half-brother of Sultan Bayezid II, and thus a half-uncle of Sultan Selim I of Ottoman Empire. After being defeated by Bayezid, Cem went on exile in Egypt and Europe,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 38 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13835574", "chunk_text": "Anatolia\nrising Ottoman Empire during the 15th century. It is not well understood how the Osmanlı, or Ottoman Turks, came to dominate their neighbours, as the history of medieval Anatolia is still little known. The Ottomans completed the conquest of the peninsula in 1517 with the taking of Halicarnassus (modern Bodrum) from the Knights of Saint John. With the acceleration of the decline of the Ottoman Empire in the early 19th century, and as a result of the expansionist policies of the Russian Empire in the Caucasus, many Muslim nations and groups in that region, mainly Circassians, Tatars, Azeris, Lezgis, Chechens", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 39 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "926860", "chunk_text": "\"Rüstem Pasha\"\nacclaimed Turkish television series \"\"Muhteşem Yüzyıl\"\", he is portrayed by actor Ozan Güven. Rüstem Pasha Rüstem Pasha Opuković (; ; 1500 – 10 July 1561) was a Croatian born Ottoman statesman. He served as the grand vizier of sultan Suleiman the Magnificent. Rüstem Pasha is also known as Damat Rüstem Pasha (the epithet \"\"damat\"\" meaning \"\"son-in-law\"\" to the Ottoman dynasty) because of his marriage to one of the sultan's daughters. He is known as one of the most influential and successful grand viziers of the Ottoman Empire. He was the wealthiest grand vizier in history. Rustem Pasha was taken as", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 40 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12662330", "chunk_text": "\"Ottoman Empire\"\nAnkara-based Turkish government chose Turkey as the sole official name. Most scholarly historians avoid the terms \"\"Turkey\"\", \"\"Turks\"\", and \"\"Turkish\"\" when referring to the Ottomans, due to the empire's multinational character. As the Seljuk Sultanate of Rum declined in the 13th century, Anatolia was divided into a patchwork of independent Turkish principalities known as the Anatolian Beyliks. One of these beyliks, in the region of Bithynia on the frontier of the Byzantine Empire, was led by the Turkish tribal leader Osman I (d. 1323/4), a figure of obscure origins from whom the name Ottoman is derived. Osman's early followers consisted", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 41 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19368896", "chunk_text": "\"Reception of Islam in Early Modern Europe\"\nuntil 1919. The Ottomans were strong proponents of Sunni Islam. In the 13th century, the kingdom was only in a small portion of northwest Anatolia but by the 16th century, it expanded to the heartland of the Byzantine Empire and its capital, Constantinople. The height of the Ottoman Empire occurred under the sultans Selim the Grim, also known as Selim I (1512–1520) and Suleyman the Magnificent (1520–1566). Under their reigns, the Turks conquered Egypt, Syria, and the North coast of Africa, the Red Sea, the island of Rhodes, and the Balkans all the way to the Great Hungarian Plain. Many", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 42 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7524672", "chunk_text": "\"Ottoman Egypt\"\nOttoman Egypt Ottoman Egypt covers two main periods of the history of Egypt from the 16th through early 20th centuries, when under the rule of or allied to the Ottoman Empire that was based in (present day) Turkey. The Egypt Eyalet (1517–1867) was established when the Egypt region came under the direct rule of the Ottoman Empire with their 1517 victory over the Mamluk Sultanate. The interruption of the Napoleon's French campaign in Egypt and Syria (1798–1801) allowed Muhammad Ali's seizure of power from Ottoman Hurshid Pasha, and the founding of the Muhammad Ali dynasty. The Khedivate of Egypt (1867–1914)", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 43 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19519627", "chunk_text": "\"Rise of the Ottoman Empire\"\nOttomans to bypass a Crusader blockade of the Dardanelles in 1444. By that time handheld firearms had also come into use, and were adopted by some of the janissaries. By the early fifteenth century, the Ottoman court was actively fostering literary output, much of it borrowing from the longstanding literary tradition of other Islamic courts further east. The first extant account of Ottoman history ever written was produced by the poet Ahmedi, originally meant to be presented to Sultan Bayezid I but, following the latter's death in 1402, written for his son Süleyman Çelebi instead. This work, entitled the \"\"İskendernāme,\"\"", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 44 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15850522", "chunk_text": "\"Capitulations of the Ottoman Empire\"\nor more other states; a stipulation which became a most favored nation article. Around 1535 a capitulation was made by Suleiman the Magnificent regarding France. France signed its first treaty of \"\"Capitulations\"\" with the Mamluk Sultanate in Cairo in 1500, during the rule of Louis XII. After the Turks conquered Egypt in the Ottoman–Mamluk War (1516–1517), the Ottomans upheld the capitulations to the French and applied them to the entire empire. Capitulations signified that which was arranged under distinct headings; the Ottoman Turkish phrase was \"\"ahid nameh\"\", whereas a \"\"treaty\"\" was \"\"mouahed\"\". The latter did, and the former did not,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 45 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14683758", "chunk_text": "\"Talaat Pasha\"\nTalaat Pasha Mehmed Talaat (; ; 10 April 1874 – 15 March 1921), commonly known as Talaat Pasha (; ), was one of the triumvirate known as the Three Pashas that \"\"de facto\"\" ruled the Ottoman Empire during the First World War. He was one of the leaders of the Young Turks and ruled the empire during the Armenian Genocide, which he initiated as Minister of Interior Affairs in 1915. His career in Ottoman politics began by becoming deputy for Edirne in 1908, then minister of the interior and minister of finance, and finally grand vizier (equivalent to prime minister)", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 46 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12753122", "chunk_text": "\"Selim II\"\nSelim II Selim II (Ottoman Turkish: سليم ثانى \"\"Selīm-i sānī\"\", Turkish: \"\"II.Selim\"\"; 28 May 1524 – 12/15 December 1574), also known as \"\"Sarı Selim\"\" (\"\"Selim the Blond\"\"), was the Sultan of the Ottoman Empire from 1566 until his death in 1574. He was a son of Suleiman the Magnificent and Haseki Hürrem Sultan. Selim had been an unlikely candidate for the throne until his brother Mehmed died of smallpox, his half-brother Mustafa was strangled to death by the order of his father, and his brother Bayezid was killed in a coordinated effort between him and his father. Selim was born", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 47 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13403114", "chunk_text": "\"Ottoman Caliphate\"\nfacto leaders and representative of the Islamic world. From Edirne and later from Constantinople (present-day Istanbul), the Ottoman sultans ruled over an empire that, at its peak, covered Anatolia, most of the Middle East, North Africa, the Caucasus, and extended deep into Eastern Europe. Strengthened by the Peace of Westphalia and the Industrial Revolution, European powers regrouped and challenged Ottoman dominance. Owing largely to poor leadership, archaic political norms, and an inability to keep pace with technological progress in Europe, the Ottoman Empire could not respond effectively to Europe's resurgence and gradually lost its position as a pre-eminent great power.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 48 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5997566", "chunk_text": "\"History of the Ottoman Empire\"\n1570) was another major setback for Ottoman naval supremacy in the Mediterranean Sea, despite the fact that an equally large Ottoman fleet was built in a short time and Tunisia was recovered from Spain in 1574. The conquests of Nice (1543) and Corsica (1553) occurred on behalf of France as a joint venture between the forces of the French king Francis I and the Ottoman sultan Suleiman I, and were commanded by the Ottoman admirals Barbarossa Hayreddin Pasha and Turgut Reis. A month prior to the siege of Nice, France supported the Ottomans with an artillery unit during the Ottoman", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 49 } ]
test_3565	is aluminium a ferrous or non ferrous metal?	n/a	[ "non-ferrous" ]	[]	n/a	n/a	n/a	[]	[ { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9950178", "chunk_text": "\"Non-ferrous metal\"\nNon-ferrous metal In metallurgy, a non-ferrous metal is a metal, including alloys, that does not contain iron (ferrite) in appreciable amounts. Generally more costly than ferrous metals are used because of desirable properties such as low weight (e.g. aluminium), higher conductivity (e.g. copper), non-magnetic property or resistance to corrosion (e.g. zinc). Some non-ferrous materials are also used in the iron and steel industries. For example, bauxite is used as flux for blast furnaces, while others such as wolframite, pyrolusite and chromite are used in making ferrous alloys. Important non-ferrous metals include aluminium, copper, lead, nickel, tin, titanium and zinc, and", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 0 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4972730", "chunk_text": "\"Non-ferrous metal\"\nreaction of nonferrous metals to these forming processes is often more severe. Consequently, properties may differ considerably between the cast and wrought forms of the same metal or alloy. Non-ferrous metal In metallurgy, a non-ferrous metal is a metal, including alloys, that does not contain iron (ferrite) in appreciable amounts. Generally more costly than ferrous metals are used because of desirable properties such as low weight (e.g. aluminium), higher conductivity (e.g. copper), non-magnetic property or resistance to corrosion (e.g. zinc). Some non-ferrous materials are also used in the iron and steel industries. For example, bauxite is used as flux for", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 1 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3909857", "chunk_text": "Aluminium\nused non-ferrous metal. The global production of aluminium in 2016 was 58.8 million metric tons. It exceeded that of any other metal except iron (1,231 million metric tons). Aluminium is almost always alloyed, which markedly improves its mechanical properties, especially when tempered. For example, the common aluminium foils and beverage cans are alloys of 92% to 99% aluminium. The main alloying agents are copper, zinc, magnesium, manganese, and silicon (e.g., duralumin) with the levels of other metals in a few percent by weight. The major uses for aluminium metal are in: The great majority (about 90%) of aluminium oxide is", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 2 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20152049", "chunk_text": "Ferroaluminum\nFerroaluminum Ferroaluminum (FeAl) is a ferroalloy, consisting of iron and aluminium. The metal usually consists of 40% to 60% aluminium and applications of ferroaluminum include the deoxidation of steel, hardfacing applications, reducing agent, thermite reactions, AlNiCo magnets, and alloying additions to welding wires and fluxes. The alloy is also known for the ability to manufacture low melting point alloys and it's ability to carry out aluminothermic welding. Ferroaluminum does not currently have a CAS Registry Number. The presence of iron in aluminum helps in the decrease of casting defects. improves tensile, yield, hardness, and maintains strength at high temperatures. The", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 3 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13372028", "chunk_text": "\"Aluminium alloy\"\nAluminium alloy Aluminium alloys (or aluminum alloys; see spelling differences) are alloys in which aluminium (Al) is the predominant metal. The typical alloying elements are copper, magnesium, manganese, silicon, tin and zinc. There are two principal classifications, namely casting alloys and wrought alloys, both of which are further subdivided into the categories heat-treatable and non-heat-treatable. About 85% of aluminium is used for wrought products, for example rolled plate, foils and extrusions. Cast aluminium alloys yield cost-effective products due to the low melting point, although they generally have lower tensile strengths than wrought alloys. The most important cast aluminium alloy system", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 4 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10347762", "chunk_text": "Aluminium\nAluminium Aluminium or aluminum is a chemical element with symbol Al and atomic number 13. It is a silvery-white, soft, nonmagnetic and ductile metal in the boron group. By mass, aluminium makes up about 8% of the Earth's crust; it is the third most abundant element after oxygen and silicon and the most abundant metal in the crust, though it is less common in the mantle below. The chief ore of aluminium is bauxite. Aluminium metal is so chemically reactive that native specimens are rare and limited to extreme reducing environments. Instead, it is found combined in over 270 different", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 5 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8738119", "chunk_text": "\"Aluminium alloy\"\nalloys used for cylinder blocks are A356, 319 and to a minor extend 242. 6061 aluminum and 6351 aluminium are widely used in breathing gas cylinders for scuba diving and SCBA.Alloys Aluminium alloy Aluminium alloys (or aluminum alloys; see spelling differences) are alloys in which aluminium (Al) is the predominant metal. The typical alloying elements are copper, magnesium, manganese, silicon, tin and zinc. There are two principal classifications, namely casting alloys and wrought alloys, both of which are further subdivided into the categories heat-treatable and non-heat-treatable. About 85% of aluminium is used for wrought products, for example rolled plate, foils", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 6 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8929933", "chunk_text": "Aluminium\n(not avgas), and laboratory cultures can degrade aluminium. However, these life forms do not directly attack or consume the aluminium; rather, the metal is corroded by microbe waste products. Aluminium Aluminium or aluminum is a chemical element with symbol Al and atomic number 13. It is a silvery-white, soft, nonmagnetic and ductile metal in the boron group. By mass, aluminium makes up about 8% of the Earth's crust; it is the third most abundant element after oxygen and silicon and the most abundant metal in the crust, though it is less common in the mantle below. The chief ore of", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 7 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13943111", "chunk_text": "Metal\nsection categorises the elemental metals on the basis of their chemical properties into alkali and alkaline earth metals; transition and post-transition metals; and lanthanides and actinides. Other categories are possible, depending on the criteria for inclusion. For example, the ferromagnetic metals—those metals that are magnetic at room temperature—are iron, cobalt, and nickel. The term \"\"ferrous\"\" is derived from the Latin word meaning \"\"containing iron\"\". This can include pure iron, such as wrought iron, or an alloy such as steel. Ferrous metals are often magnetic, but not exclusively. Non-ferrous metals—alloys—lack appreciable amounts of iron. While nearly all metals are malleable or", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 8 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3909861", "chunk_text": "Aluminium\nis not as toxic as heavy metals. Aluminium is classified as a non-carcinogen by the United States Department of Health and Human Services. There is little evidence that normal exposure to aluminium presents a risk to healthy adult, and there is evidence of no toxicity if it is consumed in amounts not greater than 40 mg/day per kg of body mass. Most aluminium consumed will leave the body in feces; the small part of it that enters the body, will be excreted via urine. Aluminium that does stay in the body is accumulated in, above all, bone; and apart from", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 9 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11907657", "chunk_text": "\"Non-ferrous extractive metallurgy\"\nNon-ferrous extractive metallurgy Non-ferrous extractive metallurgy is one of the two branches of extractive metallurgy which pertains to the processes of reducing valuable, non-iron metals from ores or raw material. Metals like zinc, copper, lead, aluminium as well as rare and noble metals are of particular interest in this field, while the more common metal, iron, is considered a major impurity. Like ferrous extraction, non-ferrous extraction primarily focuses on the economic optimization of extraction processes in separating qualitatively and quantitatively marketable metals from its impurities (gangue). Any extraction process will include a sequence of steps or unit processes for separating", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 10 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16025214", "chunk_text": "\"History of aluminium\"\nHistory of aluminium Aluminium or aluminum is a chemical element with symbol Al and atomic number 13. At standard conditions, aluminium forms a bright silvery metal; this metal is unusually light and resistant against corrosion. Chemically, aluminium is a main-group element that normally assumes the +3 oxidation state. Aluminium is the third most abundant element in the Earth's crust; as such, it is widespread in human-related activities. Aluminium is produced in tens of millions of metric tons; the metal is commonly alloyed to improve some characteristics, such as hardness. Aluminium has no biological role but is not particularly toxic. The", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 11 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8929868", "chunk_text": "Aluminium\n39 pm for a 4-coordinated atom or 53.5 pm for a 6-coordinated atom. At standard temperature and pressure, aluminium atoms (when not affected by atoms of other elements) form a face-centered cubic crystal system bound by metallic bonding provided by atoms' outermost electrons; hence aluminium (at these conditions) is a metal. This crystal system is shared by some other metals, such as lead and copper; the size of a unit cell of aluminium is comparable to that of those other metals. Aluminium metal, when in quantity, is very shiny and resembles silver because it preferentially absorbs far ultraviolet radiation while", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 12 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19547786", "chunk_text": "Ferrous\n(such as stainless steel). Manipulation of atom-to-atom relationships between iron, carbon, and various alloying elements establishes the specific properties of ferrous metals. Non-ferrous metals and alloys do not contain an appreciable amount of iron.Ferric refers to iron-containing materials or compounds. In chemistry the term is reserved for iron with an oxidation number of +3, also denoted iron(III) or Fe3+. On the other hand, ferrous refers to iron with oxidation number of +2, denoted iron(II) or Fe2+. Ferrous In chemistry, ferrous (Fe), indicates a divalent iron compound (+2 oxidation state), as opposed to ferric, which indicates a trivalent iron compound (+3", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 13 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17494023", "chunk_text": "Ferrous\nFerrous In chemistry, ferrous (Fe), indicates a divalent iron compound (+2 oxidation state), as opposed to ferric, which indicates a trivalent iron compound (+3 oxidation state). This usage has decreased, with current IUPAC nomenclature having names containing the oxidation state in bracketed Roman numerals instead, such as iron(II) oxide for ferrous oxide (FeO), and iron(III) oxide for ferric oxide (FeO). Outside chemistry, \"\"ferrous\"\" indicates the presence of iron. The word is derived from the Latin word \"\"\"\" (\"\"iron\"\"). Ferrous metals include steel and pig iron (with a carbon content of a few percent) and alloys of iron with other metals", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 14 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1851854", "chunk_text": "\"Structural material\"\na bending load. Aluminium is a soft, lightweight, malleable metal. The yield strength of pure aluminium is 7–11 MPa, while aluminium alloys have yield strengths ranging from 200 MPa to 600 MPa. Aluminium has about one-third the density and stiffness of steel. It is ductile, and easily machined, cast, and extruded. Corrosion resistance is excellent due to a thin surface layer of aluminium oxide that forms when the metal is exposed to air, effectively preventing further oxidation. The strongest aluminium alloys are less corrosion resistant due to galvanic reactions with alloyed copper. Aluminium is used in some building structures (mainly", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 15 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4972729", "chunk_text": "\"Non-ferrous metal\"\nmetal tin. It is used in residential, commercial, industrial industry. Material selection for a mechanical or structural application requires some important considerations, including how easily the material can be shaped into a finished part and how its properties can be either intentionally or inadvertently altered in the process. Depending on the end use, metals can be simply cast into the finished part, or cast into an intermediate form, such as an ingot, then worked, or wrought, by rolling, forging, extruding, or other deformation process. Although the same operations are used with ferrous as well as nonferrous metals and alloys, the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 16 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9609247", "chunk_text": "\"Post-transition metal\"\nnecessitate the provision of increased fire protection. It bonds covalently in most of its compounds; has an amphoteric oxide; and can form anionic aluminates. Aluminium forms Zintl phases such as LiAl, CaAlSb, and SrAl. A thin protective layer of oxide confers a reasonable degree of corrosion resistance. It is susceptible to attack in low pH (<4) and high (> 8.5) pH conditions, a phenomenon that is generally more pronounced in the case of commercial purity aluminium and aluminium alloys. Given many of these properties and its proximity to the dividing line between metals and nonmetals, aluminium is occasionally classified as", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 17 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10114446", "chunk_text": "\"Aluminium bronze\"\nof Aluminium bronze composed of 92% copper, 6% Aluminium, and 2% nickel (also known as Bronzital). Aluminium bronze Aluminium bronze is a type of bronze in which aluminium is the main alloying metal added to copper, in contrast to standard bronze (copper and tin) or brass (copper and zinc). A variety of aluminium bronzes of differing compositions have found industrial use, with most ranging from 5% to 11% aluminium by weight, the remaining mass being copper; other alloying agents such as iron, nickel, manganese, and silicon are also sometimes added to aluminium bronzes. The following table lists the most common", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 18 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10347771", "chunk_text": "Aluminium\n7–11 MPa, while aluminium alloys have yield strengths ranging from 200 MPa to 600 MPa. Aluminium has about one-third the density and stiffness of steel. It is easily machined, cast, drawn and extruded. Aluminium atoms are arranged in a face-centered cubic (fcc) structure. Aluminium has a stacking-fault energy of approximately 200 mJ/m. Aluminium is a good thermal and electrical conductor, having 59% the conductivity of copper, both thermal and electrical, while having only 30% of copper's density. Aluminium is capable of superconductivity, with a superconducting critical temperature of 1.2 kelvin and a critical magnetic field of about 100 gauss (10", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 19 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3831686", "chunk_text": "Scrap\nnon-ferrous. Metals which contain iron in them are known as \"\"ferrous\"\" where metals without iron are \"\"non-ferrous\"\". Non-ferrous metals also include precious and exotic metals. OSHA guidelines should be followed when recycling any type of scrap metal to ensure safety. Ferrous metals are able to be recycled, with steel being one of the most recycled materials in the world. Ferrous metals contain an appreciable percentage of iron and the addition of carbon and other substances creates steel. In the United States, steel containers, cans, automobiles, appliances, and construction materials contribute the greatest weight of recycled materials. For example, in 2008,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 20 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1964288", "chunk_text": "\"Aluminium bronze\"\nAluminium bronze Aluminium bronze is a type of bronze in which aluminium is the main alloying metal added to copper, in contrast to standard bronze (copper and tin) or brass (copper and zinc). A variety of aluminium bronzes of differing compositions have found industrial use, with most ranging from 5% to 11% aluminium by weight, the remaining mass being copper; other alloying agents such as iron, nickel, manganese, and silicon are also sometimes added to aluminium bronzes. The following table lists the most common standard aluminium bronze wrought alloy compositions, by ISO 428 designations. The percentages show the proportional composition", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 21 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2149915", "chunk_text": "\"Aluminium alloy inclusions\"\n(AlN), iron oxides (FeO), manganese oxides (MnO), fluorides (NaAlF, NaF, CaF, …), aluminium borides (AlB, AlB), borocarbides (AlCB). Bone ash (Ca(PO)) sometimes added to patch cracks in the trough can be found as inclusions in the melt. Several methods exist to measure the inclusion content in liquid aluminium. The most common methods are PoDFA, Prefil, K-Mold and LiMCA. Measuring the inclusions is of great help to understand the impact of furnace preparation, alloying practice, feedstock mix, settling time, and similar parameters on melt cleanliness. The PoDFA method provides information on the composition and concentration of the inclusions in molten aluminum.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 22 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13372029", "chunk_text": "\"Aluminium alloy\"\nis Al–Si, where the high levels of silicon (4.0–13%) contribute to give good casting characteristics. Aluminium alloys are widely used in engineering structures and components where light weight or corrosion resistance is required. Alloys composed mostly of aluminium have been very important in aerospace manufacturing since the introduction of metal-skinned aircraft. Aluminium-magnesium alloys are both lighter than other aluminium alloys and much less flammable than alloys that contain a very high percentage of magnesium. Aluminium alloy surfaces will develop a white, protective layer of aluminium oxide if left unprotected by anodizing and/or correct painting procedures. In a wet environment, galvanic", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 23 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "778202", "chunk_text": "Aluminium(I)\nAluminium(I) In chemistry, aluminium(I) refers to monovalent aluminium (+1 oxidation state) in both ionic and covalent bonds. Along with aluminium(II), it is an extremely unstable form of aluminium. While late Group 3 elements such as thallium and indium prefer the +1 oxidation state, aluminium(I) is rare. Unlike late Group XIII elements, aluminium does not experience the inert pair effect, a phenomenon where valence s electrons are poorly shielded from nuclear charge due to the presence of filled d and f orbitals. As such, aluminium (III) (<chem>Al^3+</chem>) is the much more common oxidation state for aluminium. Aluminium(I) compounds are both prone", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 24 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20152051", "chunk_text": "Ferroaluminum\nby digestion of bauxite with sodium hydroxide (NaOH) at about 240 °C. Second, the aluminium oxide is subjected to a Hall electrolytic process together with cryolite to obtain aluminium that will then be combined with iron to create the ferroaluminum. Last, after the solidification of the metal, milling and sieving processes are carried out, which obtains the suitable particle size for its applications. Ferroaluminum Ferroaluminum (FeAl) is a ferroalloy, consisting of iron and aluminium. The metal usually consists of 40% to 60% aluminium and applications of ferroaluminum include the deoxidation of steel, hardfacing applications, reducing agent, thermite reactions, AlNiCo magnets,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 25 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2696181", "chunk_text": "\"History of aluminium\"\n50,000,000 metric tons. In 2015, it was a record 57,500,000 tons. Its real price (in 1998 United States dollars) in 2015 was $1,340 per metric ton ($1,940 per ton in contemporary dollars). History of aluminium Aluminium or aluminum is a chemical element with symbol Al and atomic number 13. At standard conditions, aluminium forms a bright silvery metal; this metal is unusually light and resistant against corrosion. Chemically, aluminium is a main-group element that normally assumes the +3 oxidation state. Aluminium is the third most abundant element in the Earth's crust; as such, it is widespread in human-related activities. Aluminium", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 26 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14908115", "chunk_text": "\"Non-ferrous extractive metallurgy\"\npowder. Finally, the precipitated copper is collected and refined further through the traditional smelting process. This is the first large-scale use of a hydrometallurgical process. Non-ferrous extractive metallurgy Non-ferrous extractive metallurgy is one of the two branches of extractive metallurgy which pertains to the processes of reducing valuable, non-iron metals from ores or raw material. Metals like zinc, copper, lead, aluminium as well as rare and noble metals are of particular interest in this field, while the more common metal, iron, is considered a major impurity. Like ferrous extraction, non-ferrous extraction primarily focuses on the economic optimization of extraction processes", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 27 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13169632", "chunk_text": "Aluminium\ngold, and copper. Aluminium is oxidized by water at temperatures below 280 °C to produce hydrogen, aluminium hydroxide and heat: This conversion is of interest for the production of hydrogen. However, commercial application of this fact has challenges in circumventing the passivating oxide layer, which inhibits the reaction, and in storing the energy required to regenerate the aluminium metal. The vast majority of compounds, including all Al-containing minerals and all commercially significant aluminium compounds, feature aluminium in the oxidation state 3+. The coordination number of such compounds varies, but generally Al is six-coordinate or tetracoordinate. Almost all compounds of aluminium(III)", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 28 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10375845", "chunk_text": "Alloy\nname of the alloy. The other constituents may or may not be metals but, when mixed with the molten base, they will be soluble and dissolve into the mixture. The mechanical properties of alloys will often be quite different from those of its individual constituents. A metal that is normally very soft (malleable), such as aluminium, can be altered by alloying it with another soft metal, such as copper. Although both metals are very soft and ductile, the resulting aluminium alloy will have much greater strength. Adding a small amount of non-metallic carbon to iron trades its great ductility for", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 29 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10121714", "chunk_text": "Alperm\nAlperm Alperm (also alfenol or alfer) is a class of alloys comprising 83-90% of iron and 10-17% of aluminium. The most widely used composition is with 16% Al. An alloy with 13% Al is also sometimes referred to as alfer. It exhibits large magnetostriction and it is used in magnetoelastic sensors. Later during the WW2, Japanese used the alloy with 12.7-12.9% aluminium as a replacement of nickel for the magnetostrictive transducers used in their Type 93 model 5, Type 3, and Simple naval sonars. Alperm is magnetically soft and exhibits high magnetic permeability. The material can be produced in 0.5", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 30 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6423348", "chunk_text": "\"Period 3 element\"\nfresh mineral waters. \"\"Aluminium\"\" (symbol Al) or \"\"aluminum\"\" (American English) is a silvery white member of the boron group of chemical elements and a post-transition metal. It is not soluble in water under normal circumstances. Aluminium is the third most abundant element (after oxygen and silicon), and the most abundant metal, in the Earth's crust. It makes up about 8% by weight of the Earth's solid surface. Aluminium metal is too reactive chemically to occur natively. Instead, it is found combined in over 270 different minerals. The chief ore of aluminium is bauxite. Aluminium is remarkable for the metal's low", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 31 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9256079", "chunk_text": "Metal\nelemental metals have higher densities than most nonmetals, there is a wide variation in their densities, lithium being the least dense (0.534 g/cm) and osmium (22.59 g/cm) the most dense. Magnesium, aluminium and titanium are light metals of significant commercial importance. Their respective densities of 1.7, 2.7 and 4.5 g/cm can be compared to those of the older structural metals, like iron at 7.9 and copper at 8.9 g/cm. An iron ball would thus weigh about as much as three aluminium balls. Metals are typically malleable and ductile, deforming under stress without cleaving. The nondirectional nature of metallic bonding is", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 32 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15137499", "chunk_text": "Metal\nare smelted using carbon as a reducing agent. Some metals, such as aluminium and sodium, have no commercially practical reducing agent, and are extracted using electrolysis instead. Sulfide ores are not reduced directly to the metal but are roasted in air to convert them to oxides. Metals are present in nearly all aspects of modern life. Iron, a heavy metal, may be the most common as it accounts for 90% of all refined metals; aluminium, a light metal, is the next most commonly refined metal. Pure iron may be the cheapest metallic element of all at cost of about US$0.07", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 33 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8124651", "chunk_text": "\"Aluminothermic reaction\"\nThe process was patented in 1898 and used extensively in the later years for rail track welding. The aluminothermic reaction is used for the production of several ferroalloys, for example ferroniobium from niobium pentoxide and ferrovanadium from iron, vanadium(V) oxide, and aluminium. The process begins with the reduction of the oxide by the aluminium: Other metals can be produced from their oxides in the same way. Aluminothermic reactions have been used to welding rail tracks on-site, useful for complex installations or local repairs that cannot be done using continuously welded rail. Another common use is the welding of copper cables", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 34 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3909828", "chunk_text": "Aluminium\nthe northeastern continental slope of the South China Sea. It is possible that these deposits resulted from bacterial reduction of tetrahydroxoaluminate Al(OH). Although aluminium is a common and widespread element, not all aluminium minerals are economically viable sources of the metal. Almost all metallic aluminium is produced from the ore bauxite (AlO(OH)). Bauxite occurs as a weathering product of low iron and silica bedrock in tropical climatic conditions. In 2017, most bauxite was mined in Australia, China, Guinea, and India. The history of aluminium has been shaped by usage of alum. The first written record of alum, made by Greek", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 35 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14689857", "chunk_text": "Ferroalloy\nFerroalloy Ferroalloy refers to various alloys of iron with a high proportion of one or more other elements such as manganese (Mn), aluminium (Al), or silicon (Si). They are used in the production of steels and alloys. The alloys impart distinctive qualities to steel and cast iron or serve important functions during production and are, therefore, closely associated with the iron and steel industry, the leading consumer of ferroalloys. The leading ferroalloy-producing countries in 2008 were Ukraine, China, South Africa and Russia, which accounted for 77% of the world production. World production of bulk chromium, manganese and silicon ferroalloys was", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 36 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20152050", "chunk_text": "Ferroaluminum\nfirst recorded usage of the word \"\"ferroaluminum\"\" was in 1887. Ferroaluminum is also used in the process of nitriding, which is a heat treating process that diffuses nitrogen into the surface of a metal to create a case-hardened surface. The aluminum provided in the alloy helps with this process. The majority of the world's ferroaluminum is produced by Australia, China, Russia, the US and Canada, with the cost of electricity being the main factor in the aluminium obtaining process. Ferroaluminum is manufactured in an electricity-intensive process that involves three steps. First, aluminium oxide (AlO) is obtained through the Bayer process", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 37 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15930425", "chunk_text": "\"Drink can\"\ntop made of aluminium. The aluminium used in United States and Canada are alloys containing 92.5% to 97% aluminium, <5.5% magnesium, <1.6% manganese, <0.15% chromium and some trace amounts of iron, silicon and copper according to MSDS from aluminium producer Alcoa. Alloys used include 3004, 3105, or other 3xxx/5xxx series aluminium. An empty aluminium can weighs approximately half an ounce (14.2 grams). There are 34 empty 12 ounce aluminium cans to a pound or 70 to a kilogram. In many parts of the world a deposit can be recovered by turning in empty plastic, glass, and aluminium containers. Scrap metal", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 38 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19507801", "chunk_text": "Metalloid\nbeing considered nonmetallic in character. Classifying aluminium as a metalloid has been disputed given its many metallic properties. It is therefore, arguably, an exception to the mnemonic that elements adjacent to the metal–nonmetal dividing line are metalloids. Stott labels aluminium as a weak metal. It has the physical properties of a metal but some of the chemical properties of a nonmetal. Steele notes the paradoxical chemical behaviour of aluminium: \"\"It resembles a weak metal in its amphoteric oxide and in the covalent character of many of its compounds ... Yet it is a highly electropositive metal ... [with] a high", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 39 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18987329", "chunk_text": "Nonmetal\nAs a metalloid, its chemistry is largely covalent in nature, noting it can form alloys with one or more metals such as aluminium, iron, nickel, copper, zinc, tin, lead and bismuth, and has an extensive organometallic chemistry. Most alloys of antimony with metals have metallic or semimetallic conductivity. The common oxide of antimony (SbO) is amphoteric. Oxygen is a colourless, odourless, and unpredictably reactive diatomic gas with a gaseous density of 1.429 × 10 g/cm (marginally heavier than air). It is generally unreactive at room temperature. Thus, sodium metal will \"\"retain its metallic lustre for days in the presence of", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 40 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4972728", "chunk_text": "\"Non-ferrous metal\"\nobjects by cold forging and could be melted in a crucible. Gold, silver and copper replaced some of the functions of other resources, such as wood and stone, owing to their ability to be shaped into various forms for different uses. Due to their rarity, these gold, silver and copper artifacts were treated as luxury items and handled with great care. The use of copper also heralded the transition from the Stone Age to the Copper Age. The Bronze Age, which succeeded the Copper Age, was again heralded by the invention of bronze, an alloy of copper with the non-ferrous", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 41 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13077528", "chunk_text": "\"Aluminium bottle\"\nversus aluminium debate may make sense in connection with beer bottles, soft drinks are another matter. The majority of those bottles are currently plastic, while most beer bottles are glass. Aluminium is a silver-white, soft metal and the most abundant metallic element, comprising 1/12 of the Earth's crust. Aluminum is always found combined with oxygen or other elements in nature and must be processed from ore to produce workable aluminium metal. Aluminum metal is one of the most widely recycled industrial materials due to ease of remelting used aluminum and the expense of processing natural aluminum ores. Bottlecans are made", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 42 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9950179", "chunk_text": "\"Non-ferrous metal\"\nalloys such as brass. Precious metals such as gold, silver and platinum and exotic or rare metals such as cobalt, mercury, tungsten, beryllium, bismuth, cerium, cadmium, niobium, indium, gallium, germanium, lithium, selenium, tantalum, tellurium, vanadium, and zirconium are also non-ferrous. They are usually obtained through minerals such as sulfides, carbonates, and silicates. Non-ferrous metals are usually refined through electrolysis. Due to their extensive use, non-ferrous scrap metals are usually recycled. The secondary materials in scrap are vital to the metallurgy industry, as the production of new metals often needs them. Some recycling facilities re-smelt and recast non-ferrous materials; the dross", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 43 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19547781", "chunk_text": "Ferric\nin turn prevents eutrophication. In water, iron forms compounds that are often insoluble, at least near neutral pH. A salt of iron hydrolyzes water and produces iron(III) oxide-hydroxides while contributing hydrogen ions to the solution, lowering the pH. In contrast, typical Na salts (e.g. NaCl) dissolve in water without lowering the pH. The differing behavior of Na vs Fe ions reflects the effect of charge: water when bound to Fe is highly acidic, inducing the formation of iron(III) hydroxides, which polymerize via the process called olation. Aluminium(III) (Al) behaves similarly to ferric ion. Rust, a mixture of ferric hydroxide compounds,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 44 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3909827", "chunk_text": "Aluminium\n2.38% aluminium by mass. Because of its strong affinity for oxygen, aluminium is almost never found in the elemental state; instead it is found in oxides or silicates. Feldspars, the most common group of minerals in the Earth's crust, are aluminosilicates. Aluminium also occurs in the minerals beryl, cryolite, garnet, spinel, and turquoise. Impurities in AlO, such as chromium and iron, yield the gemstones ruby and sapphire, respectively. Native aluminium metal can only be found as a minor phase in low oxygen fugacity environments, such as the interiors of certain volcanoes. Native aluminium has been reported in cold seeps in", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 45 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "127374", "chunk_text": "Alnico\nAlnico Alnico is an acronym referring to a family of iron alloys which in addition to iron are composed primarily of aluminium (Al), nickel (Ni) and cobalt (Co), hence \"\"al-ni-co\"\". They also include copper, and sometimes titanium. Alnico alloys are ferromagnetic, with a high coercivity (resistance to loss of magnetism) and are used to make permanent magnets. Before the development of rare-earth magnets in the 1970s, they were the strongest type of permanent magnet. Other trade names for alloys in this family are: \"\"Alni, Alcomax, Hycomax, Columax\"\", and \"\"Ticonal\"\". The composition of alnico alloys is typically 8–12% Al, 15–26% Ni,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 46 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12727669", "chunk_text": "\"Aluminium alloy\"\nsubgroups, and ASTM International. Aluminium alloys with a wide range of properties are used in engineering structures. Alloy systems are classified by a number system (ANSI) or by names indicating their main alloying constituents (DIN and ISO). Selecting the right alloy for a given application entails considerations of its tensile strength, density, ductility, formability, workability, weldability, and corrosion resistance, to name a few. A brief historical overview of alloys and manufacturing technologies is given in Ref. Aluminium alloys are used extensively in aircraft due to their high strength-to-weight ratio. On the other hand, pure aluminium metal is much too soft", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 47 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "684915", "chunk_text": "\"Aluminium nitrate\"\nstrontium, calcium, silver, or lead. e.g. Al(SO) + 3Ba(NO) → 2Al(NO) + 3BaSO Aluminium nitrate is a strong oxidizing agent. It is used in tanning leather, antiperspirants, corrosion inhibitors, extraction of uranium, petroleum refining, and as a nitrating agent. The nonahydrate and other hydrated aluminium nitrates have many applications. These salts are used to produce alumina for preparation of insulating papers, in cathode ray tube heating elements, and on transformer core laminates. The hydrated salts are also used for the extraction of actinide elements. It is used in the laboratory and classroom such as in the reaction: Aluminium nitrate Aluminium", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 48 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7157484", "chunk_text": "\"2024 aluminium alloy\"\nis, though). Aluminium alloy 2024 has a density of 2.78 g/cm³ (0.1 lb/in³), electrical conductivity of 30% IACS, Young's Modulus of 73 GPa (10.6 Msi) across all tempers, and begins to melt at . 2024 aluminium alloy's composition roughly includes 4.3-4.5% copper, 0.5-0.6% manganese, 1.3-1.5% magnesium and less than a half a percent of silicon, zinc, nickel, chromium, lead and bismuth. The mechanical properties of 2024 depend greatly on the temper of the material. 2024-O temper aluminium has no heat treating. It has an ultimate tensile strength of , and maximum yield strength of no more than . The material", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 49 } ]
test_3566	who won the king of dance season 2?	n/a	[ "LAAB Crew From Team Sherif" ]	[]	n/a	n/a	n/a	[]	[ { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20890779", "chunk_text": "\"World of Dance (season 2)\"\nDerek Hough. Season 1's winner Les Twins also performed before the crowning. After the final performances, The Lab were announced as the winners of World of Dance; their final combined score of 97.5 beat out Michael Dameski by 1.5 points. 4th S-Rank (93.5) 3rd Charity & Andres (94.3) 2nd Michael Dameski (96) WINNER The Lab (97.5) Misty Copeland joined the Judges panel for Division Final round World of Dance (season 2) The second season of American reality competition television series \"\"World of Dance\"\" premiered May 29, 2018, on NBC. Jennifer Lopez, Ne-Yo, and Derek Hough returned as the judges, with", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 0 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17322765", "chunk_text": "\"World of Dance (season 2)\"\nIn the World Final all four division champions will compete for the $1,000,000 USD grand prize. The concept of last season is copied; every contestant will perform twice in two separate rounds. The average score of both rounds by each contestant will make their final score. The contestant(s) with the highest final score will be crowned World of Dance champion 2018 and will win the $1,000,000 USD grand prize. The judges are scoring in 5 categories. Each category is worth 20 points, with a perfect score of 100: Jennifer Lopez, Ne-Yo, and Derek Hough returned as the series judges, with", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 1 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8535951", "chunk_text": "\"So You Think You Can Dance (U.S. season 2)\"\nSo You Think You Can Dance (U.S. season 2) The second season of \"\"So You Think You Can Dance\"\" premiered on May 25, 2006, with new host Cat Deeley. On August 16, Benji Schwimmer was announced as the winner of season 2 and received the grand prize of $100,000, a new hybrid SUV, and a one-year contract with Celine Dion's Las Vegas show, \"\"A New Day...\"\". Schwimmer almost did not make the show's top 20 — he was officially first runner-up dancer in case any of the male dancers ran into unforeseen difficulties prior to the start of filming. As", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 2 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "117089", "chunk_text": "\"El Gran Show (season 2 of 2017)\"\nEl Gran Show (season 2 of 2017) Season two of the 2017 edition of \"\"El Gran Show\"\" premiered on June 10, 2017. The season was also named as the \"\"First World Dance Championship\"\", because the participating couples represented the countries of origin of the celebrities. On August 26, 2017, Brenda Carvalho and her professional partner Kevin Ubillus were declared the winners, Lucas Piró and his sister Maru Piró finished second, while Belén Estévez and Waldir Felipa finished third. The first seven celebrities were presented on Wednesday, June 7, 2017, at a press conference. All the presented were former contestants of", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 3 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19698323", "chunk_text": "\"So You Think You Can Dance Canada\"\nMurphy, Dan Karaty, Kenny Ortega, and Mia Michaels, who choreographed a group piece. The finale was held on December 7, 2008. Contemporary dancer Nico Archambault of Montreal was declared the winner, with ballet dancer Allie Bertram of Calgary as runner-up, hip hop dancer Miles Faber of Calgary in third, and Latin dancer Natalli Reznik of Toronto in fourth. Archambault was awarded $100,000 and a 2009 C230 Mercedes-Benz. Auditions for season 2 took place from April to May, 2009 in Vancouver, Edmonton, Saint John, Toronto and Montreal. Leah Miller, Jean-Marc Généreux and Tré Armstrong returned for season 2 which premiered August", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 4 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18175322", "chunk_text": "\"Dance Showdown\"\n5, 2012. The judges featured for the second season included Joey Fatone, Ryan Higa, Shane Dawson, Dave Days, Laurieann Gibson. Dominic Sandoval returned as the host of the series for the second season. The winner, Jesse Wellens from PrankvsPrank, was awarded $100,000 after winning the Viewer's Vote and the Judge's Pick. Contestants: Professional Dancers: On October 21, 2013, a teaser for the third season was released. Fatone and Gibson returned as judges, but KassemG was presented as a new third judge. DanceOn partnered with Coca-Cola and the (RED) Campaign, to create a special episode of \"\"Dance Showdown\"\". The winner, Egoraptor,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 5 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11367219", "chunk_text": "\"Dancing Brasil (season 2)\"\nDancing Brasil (season 2) The second season of \"\"Dancing Brasil\"\" premiered on Monday, July 24, 2017 at 10:30 p.m. (BRT / AMT) on RecordTV. On September 25, 2017, TV host Yudi Tamashiro & Bárbara Guerra won the competition with 80.70% of the public vote over actress Suzana Alves & Tutu Morasi (10.02%) and singer Lexa & Lucas Teodoro (9.28%). \"\"Individual judges' scores in the charts below (given in parentheses) are listed in this order from left to right: Jaime Arôxa, Fernanda Chamma, Paulo Goulart Filho\"\" The couples performed the cha-cha-cha, foxtrot, rumba or salsa. The couples performed one unlearned dance.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 6 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17125101", "chunk_text": "\"Dance India Dance\"\nGoa was the 1st runner-up, and Shraddha Shah Raj from Surat was the 2nd runner-up. The second season started in March 2015. Harpreet Khatri who hails from Mumbai was announced the winner of \"\"Dance India Dance Super Moms Season 2\"\" in 2015. Season 2 was anchored by popular TV actor Karan Wahi. Season 2 was judged by Geeta Kapoor, Govinda, and Terence Lewis. \"\"Dance Ke Superstars\"\" featured contestants from the first two seasons to compete against each other. The show was judged by choreographers Remo D'Souza and Shiamak Davar, and featured a guest judge every week. Team Jalwa, the Season", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 7 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4606620", "chunk_text": "\"Dancing with the Stars (U.S. season 2)\"\nDancing with the Stars (U.S. season 2) Season two of the \"\"Dancing with the Stars\"\" (U.S. edition) premiered on the ABC network on January 5, 2006, and ended February 24, 2006. This season expanded to ten couples from six in the previous season. All the professionals dancers from season one, with the exception of Alec Mazo (who was the incumbent champion) and Charlotte Jørgensen, were a part of season two. Tom Bergeron returned as host while Samantha Harris replaced Lisa Canning as co-host. Carrie Ann Inaba, Len Goodman and Bruno Tonioli returned as judges. Season two expanded each program from", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 8 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11727923", "chunk_text": "\"Benji Schwimmer\"\nBenji Schwimmer Benjamin Daniel Schwimmer (born January 18, 1984) is an American professional dancer, choreographer and actor. He was the winner of the second season of \"\"So You Think You Can Dance\"\" (2006) and has choreographed for both the U.S. and the international versions of the show. He co-starred in the 2010 film \"\"Leading Ladies\"\". Schwimmer was born on January 18, 1984 in Newport Beach, California, and grew up in a Latter-day Saint (Mormon) household in Moreno Valley, California. He is the son of choreographer and West Coast Swing dancer Buddy Schwimmer. His mother, Laurie Schwimmer, and sister, Lacey Schwimmer,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 9 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17322766", "chunk_text": "\"World of Dance (season 2)\"\nJenna Dewan returning as host. Misty Copeland, who judged in season 1, is announced coming back as guest judge for the Divisional Final, with Julianne Hough, Mel B, Savion Glover and Paula Abdul also joining as guest mentors for The Cut. Tony Award winner Savion Glover will collaborate with judge Jennifer Lopez with the Junior Team division. Actress, dancer, singer and Emmy Award-winning choreographer Julianne Hough, who will be working with her brother, judge Derek Hough, in the Upper division. “America’s Got Talent” judge Mel B will join forces with judge Ne-Yo in mentoring the Junior division. World-renowned dancer/choreographer Paula", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 10 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3003002", "chunk_text": "\"Dance India Dance\"\nas the winner of the second season. Om Chetry, Rohan Parkale and Saumya Rai came second, third and fourth respectively. The third season began broadcasting on 1 March 2014. Geeta Kapoor, Ahmad Khan and Mudassar Khan were judges, along with Sanam Johar, Raghav Crockroaz Juyal/ Omkar Shinde, Rahul Shetty and Paul Marshal Cardoz and Swarali Karulkar, as skippers. The teams were Raghav/Omkar ke Rockstar, Sanam ke Superheroes, Rahul and Paul ke Rapchik Punters and Swarali ke Sparklers. Teriya Magar from Nepal was declared the winner, and Anushka Chetry became the 1st runner-up. Sadhwin Shetty was the 2nd runner-up. DID Li'l", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 11 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3911163", "chunk_text": "\"Dancing with the Stars (U.S. season 2)\"\nthis list. According to the traditional 30-point scale. \"\"Unless indicated otherwise, individual judges scores in the charts below (given in parentheses) are listed in this order from left to right: Carrie Ann Inaba, Len Goodman, Bruno Tonioli.\"\" <nowiki>*</nowiki> The couple performed this dance at the finale The fan voting for Master P and Jerry Rice received some controversy during this season. Master P received very low points from the judges during his time on the show and the fans and judges were disappointed that he outlasted Tatum O'Neal and Giselle Fernandez. Towards the end of the competition, Jerry Rice received", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 12 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11367223", "chunk_text": "\"Dancing Brasil (season 2)\"\nfused three previously learned dance styles. All numbers are in points and provided by Kantar Ibope Media. Dancing Brasil (season 2) The second season of \"\"Dancing Brasil\"\" premiered on Monday, July 24, 2017 at 10:30 p.m. (BRT / AMT) on RecordTV. On September 25, 2017, TV host Yudi Tamashiro & Bárbara Guerra won the competition with 80.70% of the public vote over actress Suzana Alves & Tutu Morasi (10.02%) and singer Lexa & Lucas Teodoro (9.28%). \"\"Individual judges' scores in the charts below (given in parentheses) are listed in this order from left to right: Jaime Arôxa, Fernanda Chamma, Paulo", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 13 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1073239", "chunk_text": "\"D 4 Dance\"\nof 18 contestants in which Ramzan Muhammed was declared as the winner of the show bagging 50 lakhs Indian Rupees. followed by Aashiq Nawal (2nd place), Swathi Sreeram (3rd place), Ajas N. (4th place), and Dilsha Prasannan (5th place). The second season of the series was titled as D2 - D 4 Dance. The very first episode on-air was on 5 December 2014 and its final episode was telecasted on 13 September 2015 declaring Pranav Sasidharan as the winner of the season winning 5 Million Indian Rupees followed by Fida Ashraf (2nd place), Saniya Iyappan (3rd place), Suhaid Kukku (4th", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 14 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17322774", "chunk_text": "\"World of Dance (season 2)\"\nhost, Jenna, became mentors for each of the finalists. Derek worked with Charity & Andres, Jennifer worked with S-Rank, Jenna worked with Michael Dameski, and Ne-Yo worked with The Lab. Each of the 4 finalists performed twice. The first performance's music was chosen by their judge, or Jenna, and the second was chosen by the finalist. After each performance, the final scores were displayed on a leaderboard. The winner of the World Finals was determined by the judges combined average scores from both performances. After the first four performances, Season 1's Divisional Finalists Kinjaz and Keone & Mari performed with", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 15 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20890777", "chunk_text": "\"World of Dance (season 2)\"\nto represent their division. Same as The Cut, each of the judges and the host, Jenna Dewan, became mentors for one of the four divisions. Jennifer mentored the Upper acts, Derek worked with the Junior Teams, Ne-Yo worked with the Upper Teams, and Jenna worked with the Junior acts. Guest mentor Ciara helped each division in their practice as well. Guest judge Misty Copeland joined the panel for this segment. In the World Final, the final 4 division champions competed head to head to win the one million dollar prize. As with the previous 2 rounds, the judges and the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 16 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14213677", "chunk_text": "\"You Can Dance – Po Prostu Tańcz! (season 2)\"\nepisode that features the top three contestants. The show is hosted by Kinga Rusin. The judges are Agustin Egurrola, Michał Piróg and Weronika Marczuk-Pazura. It premiered on March 5, 2008. Artur Cieciórski was announced as the winner June 5, 2007 Season Background Song: Destination Calabria – Alex Gaudino/Misson: Impossible theme<br> Open auditions for this season were held in the following locations: The song during sneak peeks at the end of the episode is Just Lose It – Eminem During the auditions judges picked 36 dancers. These dancers were taking part in choreography camp in Buenos Aires, Argentina. These dancers were", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 17 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20890776", "chunk_text": "\"World of Dance (season 2)\"\nthe top 3, they face immediate elimination. For this round, each of the judges and the host, Jenna Dewan, became mentors for one of the four divisions; They were also joined by four guest mentors: Savion Glover, Julianne Hough, Paula Abdul, and Mel B. Jennifer & Savion worked with the Junior Teams, Derek & Julianne worked with the Upper acts, Jenna & Paula worked with the Upper Teams, and Ne-Yo & Mel B worked with the Junior acts. In the Divisional Final, the 3 remaining acts in each division square off, with only one act going to the World Final", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 18 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "879651", "chunk_text": "Dansefeber\nIvar Lund, contemporary choreographer Merete Lingjærde, breakdancer Lars Undli and hip-hop choreographer Vibeke Sørlie. This first season featured 16 picked from the open audition/Fever Days participants to be perform as finalists in live show. The winner of Season 1 was breakdancer Adil Khan, with Maria Nygård as the first runner-up. The second season was hosted by Henriette Lien alone and judges Merete Lingjærde and Vibeke Sørlie returned, with new judge, the TV-producer Geir Bie. Auditions were held in Oslo, Bergen and Trondheim. This season, the number of finalists was increased to a Top 20 for the live shows. The winner", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 19 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11727929", "chunk_text": "\"Benji Schwimmer\"\ndeath by suicide of three gay friends. Benji Schwimmer Benjamin Daniel Schwimmer (born January 18, 1984) is an American professional dancer, choreographer and actor. He was the winner of the second season of \"\"So You Think You Can Dance\"\" (2006) and has choreographed for both the U.S. and the international versions of the show. He co-starred in the 2010 film \"\"Leading Ladies\"\". Schwimmer was born on January 18, 1984 in Newport Beach, California, and grew up in a Latter-day Saint (Mormon) household in Moreno Valley, California. He is the son of choreographer and West Coast Swing dancer Buddy Schwimmer. His", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 20 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14213679", "chunk_text": "\"You Can Dance – Po Prostu Tańcz! (season 2)\"\nIt—Michael Jackson ft. Fergie Guest Judge: Iza Miko<br> Group Performance: Numb/Encore—Linkin Park & Jay-Z Group Performance: Jump Around—House of Pain/Good Vibrations – Marky Mark<br> Musical Guest: Jak Anioła Głos – Feel (With Top 10) Group Performance: Free Your Mind— En Vogue Group Performance: The Anthem— Pitbull ft. Lil Jon On this episode weren't Group Performance Group Performance: Rhythm of the Night – Valery (Top 16)<br> Special Performance: You Can Dance – Pinnawela (Top 3)<br> Guest Performance: Good Luck – Basement Jaxx (Top 16 and first season winner Maciej Florek) You Can Dance – Po Prostu Tańcz! (season 2) The Second", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 21 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3456061", "chunk_text": "\"Travis Wall\"\ntoo, had trained with their mother Denise Wall, who also trained Jaimie Goodwin, a Season 3 contestant. Wall is openly gay. In March 2016, he got engaged to UCLA gymnastics coach Dom Palange after 5 years of dating. Wall announced the couple's split on his Instagram page on August 3, 2018. Travis Wall Travis Michael Wall (born September 16, 1987) is an American dancer, dance instructor, and choreographer specializing in contemporary dance and jazz dance. He is best known for his 2006 appearance as a competitor on the second season of the television show \"\"So You Think You Can Dance\"\",", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 22 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4606622", "chunk_text": "\"Dancing with the Stars (U.S. season 2)\"\nall but the eliminated couple was random). Rapper Romeo was scheduled to appear in this season, but suffered an injury before the first show and was replaced by his father, Master P. Romeo eventually participated in season 12 and was partnered with Chelsie Hightower. The ten celebrities and professional dance partners were: In season two, Drew Lachey and Stacy Keibler broke out as the early frontrunners, as both had solid early performances, and some prior dance experience: Lachey's stage performances with 98 Degrees were extensively choreographed, and Keibler had childhood dance training as well as being a professional cheerleader. Although", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 23 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10466546", "chunk_text": "\"Dancing with the Stars (U.S. season 22)\"\nDancing with the Stars (U.S. season 22) Season twenty-two of \"\"Dancing with the Stars\"\" premiered March 21, 2016, on the ABC network. Hosts Tom Bergeron and Erin Andrews returned, as did judges Carrie Ann Inaba and Bruno Tonioli. Len Goodman returned as head judge, after being absent for the previous season. On May 24, 2016, Nyle DiMarco and his partner Peta Murgatroyd were crowned champions; this was Murgatroyd's second win on the show, as she also won season 14 with Donald Driver. DiMarco is also the first Deaf contestant to win the show. Paige VanZant and Mark Ballas finished second,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 24 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8535955", "chunk_text": "\"So You Think You Can Dance (U.S. season 2)\"\nMichaels \"\"Judges\"\": Nigel Lythgoe, Mary Murphy and Brian Friedman Solos: In 2006, the top 10 contestants went on a performance tour (which is the first sytycd tour). Tickets went on sale August 12 Wade Robson and Mia Michaels were joint-winners along with Rob Marshall and John Deluca from \"\"Tony Bennett: An American Classic\"\". So You Think You Can Dance (U.S. season 2) The second season of \"\"So You Think You Can Dance\"\" premiered on May 25, 2006, with new host Cat Deeley. On August 16, Benji Schwimmer was announced as the winner of season 2 and received the grand prize", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 25 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7774955", "chunk_text": "\"Dance Jodi Dance (season 2)\"\nDance Jodi Dance (season 2) Dance Jodi Dance (season 2) or Dance Jodi Dance 2.0 () is a 2017-2018 Tamil language dance competition reality television Show, that aired on Zee Tamil HD from 2 December 2017 to 26 May 2018 on every Saturday and Sunday at 8:30PM (IST). It is a second season of the show Dance Jodi Dance. Actress Sneha, Gautami and Priyamani are the judges of this show and hosted by Deepak Dinkar and Kathir. The season winner is Ruth and Rinish Raj. The Grand finale event was held in Chennai at EVP Film City and will be", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 26 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5077660", "chunk_text": "\"Fashion King Korea\"\nThe fashion designers were Park Yoon-jung, Lee Joo-young, Jung Doo-young, Ji Il-keun, Lee Ji-eun, Jang Hyung-chul, Nam Yoon-jae and Kim Hong-bum. On February 2, 2014, Kim Na-young and her partner Jung Doo-young were declared the winners. The show was renewed for a second season and the first episode aired on August 16, 2014, with Shin Dong-yup as the host. The celebrities participating in the second season are Jung Joon-young, Clara, Block B's Zico, P.O, Sunmi, 's Kwanghee, Yoon Jin-seo, Jo Se-ho and Hong Jin-kyung. The designers that team up with the celebrities are Go Tae-yong, Choi Bum-suk, Han Sang-hyuk, Logan,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 27 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16568350", "chunk_text": "\"The Four: Battle for Stardom (season 2)\"\nThe Four: Battle for Stardom (season 2) The second season of \"\"\"\" premiered on Fox on June 7, 2018. Fergie hosted the show, while Sean Combs, DJ Khaled and Meghan Trainor were judges. On August 2, 2018, the winner was announced as James Graham from Chelmsford, United Kingdom. Key: Key: Before the competition began, each original member of The Four performed a solo song. Note: This is the first time that all four members have been challenged this season and this is the first time on The Four that all four members have defended their seats. Similar to last season,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 28 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9938146", "chunk_text": "\"Dancing with the Stars (Irish series 2)\"\nDancing with the Stars (Irish series 2) Dancing with the Stars returned for a second series on 7 January 2018 on RTÉ One. Loraine Barry, Brian Redmond and Julian Benson returned to the judging panel for a second year, while Amanda Byram and Nicky Byrne also returned as hosts. Sean Smullen did not return for this series, however all other professional dancers did. Sean was replaced by former \"\"\"\" professional champion, Robert Rowiński. The competition was won by Jake Carter alongside professional partner Karen Byrne. On 25 March 2018, RTÉ announced that it would return for a third series in", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 29 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5908687", "chunk_text": "\"Shakti Mohan\"\nShakti Mohan Shakti Mohan is an Indian dancer. She is the winner of Zee TV's dance reality show Dance India Dance Season 2 and has been a captain in Dance Plus since 2015. She was also a contestant and finalist on Jhalak Dikhhla Jaa in 2014. Her first song as a choreographer in Bollywood is Nainowale Ne in the movie Padmaavat. She owns her own dance brand called Nritya Shakti under which she has launched three calenders and has also initiated international dance workshops successfully. Shakti Mohan was born on 12th October, 1985 to Kusum Mohan and Brijmohan Sharma. She", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 30 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17322764", "chunk_text": "\"World of Dance (season 2)\"\nThis season by Les Twins, Keone & Mari (actually Mariel) Madrid, Kinjaz and Derek Hough. In preparation for season two, handpicked competitors, being talented in any styles of dancing, from qualifying events around the nation and thousands of online submissions, are divided into four divisions: Junior (groups of 1-4, under 18), Upper (groups of 1-4, 18 and older), Junior Team (groups of 5+, under 18) and Upper Team (groups of 5+, 18 and older). In some cases dancers who didn't apply were directly contacted by the producers or their agents. The elimination process of the contestants are in four rounds:", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 31 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13676061", "chunk_text": "\"Dance Plus (season 2)\"\nDance Plus (season 2) Season 2 of Dance Plus premiered on 2nd July, 2016 on Star Plus. It was created and produced by Varun Trikha Productions, Urban Brew Studios and Frames Production and aired for 25 episodes. This time there were two talents from Nepal who progressed to the Grand Finale (Wild Ripperz Crew and Sushant Khatri). Mokshda Jailkhani was the first contestant to get the douple plus. Wild Ripperz set the record by gaining Double Plus for 8 consecutive time. Auditions were conducted across several cities of India from 3 May 2016 to 26 May 2016. Remo D'Souza was", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 32 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17322762", "chunk_text": "\"World of Dance (season 2)\"\nWorld of Dance (season 2) The second season of American reality competition television series \"\"World of Dance\"\" premiered May 29, 2018, on NBC. Jennifer Lopez, Ne-Yo, and Derek Hough returned as the judges, with Jenna Dewan also returning as the host. Season 2 was taped between January and March 2018 at Universal Studios Hollywood; about two months before first airing. While the format for season 2 remained relatively unchanged, there were a few slight alterations. Season 2 received a 16-episode order., six more than the ten-episode first season. Additionally, this season, a fourth category, Junior Team, was added for acts", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 33 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "879652", "chunk_text": "Dansefeber\nof season 2 was contemporary dancer Hanna Mjåvatn, with Eric Nærbø named as the runner-up. At the top 12 week performance, hip-hop dancer Mona-Jeanette Berntsen, was injured in a hip-hop routine with Ole Petter Knarvik, and was unable to compete further in the competition. As a result, the judges ruled that she could come back the following season and try out again. The show was not renewed for a third season, however, but rather replaced by multi-national competition So You Think You Can Dance Scandinavia, which included contestants from Norway, Sweden, and Denmark. Berntsen was allowed entry to this new", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 34 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19730447", "chunk_text": "\"Daniella Rahme\"\nher own charitable foundation. Daniella Rahme Daniella Rahme (Arabic: دانييلا رحمة) (born in Sydney) is a Lebanese Actress, and TV Presenter. She is the winner of Miss Lebanon Emigrant 2010 and winner of Dancing with the Stars Middle East Season 2. Lebanese-Australian Daniella Rahme has always had a passion for acting, fostering it during her school years by participating in theater and drama programs. That dream became a concrete reality in 2018, when she starred in the Ramadan show Tango, sharing the screen with Bassel Khayat, Bassem Moughnieh, and Dana Mardini. The series was met with acclaim and high ratings,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 35 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19208280", "chunk_text": "\"Witney Carson\"\nWitney Carson Witney Capri Carson McAllister (born October 17, 1993) is an American professional Latin ballroom dancer and choreographer. She first gained attention in 2012, when the 18-year-old finished ladies' second runner-up in season nine of \"\"So You Think You Can Dance\"\". Carson continued her professional dancing career in early 2013 as a troupe dancer in seasons 16 and 17 of \"\"Dancing with the Stars\"\". She was promoted to professional partner in season 18. In season 19, she and her partner Alfonso Ribeiro were announced the winners on November 25, 2014, making her one of six professional dancers to win", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 36 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19730444", "chunk_text": "\"Daniella Rahme\"\nDaniella Rahme Daniella Rahme (Arabic: دانييلا رحمة) (born in Sydney) is a Lebanese Actress, and TV Presenter. She is the winner of Miss Lebanon Emigrant 2010 and winner of Dancing with the Stars Middle East Season 2. Lebanese-Australian Daniella Rahme has always had a passion for acting, fostering it during her school years by participating in theater and drama programs. That dream became a concrete reality in 2018, when she starred in the Ramadan show Tango, sharing the screen with Bassel Khayat, Bassem Moughnieh, and Dana Mardini. The series was met with acclaim and high ratings, and Daniella’s performance was", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 37 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4606626", "chunk_text": "\"Dancing with the Stars (U.S. season 2)\"\ndemonstrated various routines. In week four the results show introduced an encore of what the judges considered the previous night's best routine—twice going to Drew Lachey (the paso doble in week four and the rumba in week seven), once to Stacy Keibler (the Samba (ballroom) in week five) and once to Rinna (the quickstep in week six). This table only counts for dances scored on a traditional 30-point scale. The best and worst performances in each dance according to the judges' 30-point scale are as follows: Kenny Mayne & George Hamilton are the only stars that did not land on", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 38 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4562215", "chunk_text": "\"Dance Plus\"\nfrom Team Sumeet and second runner up was Hardik Rawat From Team Dharmesh. The Season 2 of Dance Plus started on 2 July 2016. The auditions took place across several cities of India from 3 May 2016 to 26 May 2016. Tanay Malhara from Team Dharmesh won the second season of Dance +. There are three mentors - The Season 3 of Dance Plus started on 1 July 2017. Bir Radha Sherpa of Team Punit won the Third Season of Dance Plus. The Season 4 of Dance Plus was started from 6th October 2018 Saturday And Sunday at 8 PM.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 39 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14564763", "chunk_text": "\"Produce 101 (season 2)\"\nand a hidden camera prank. I.O.I's Kim Do-yeon and Choi Yoo-jung met with the trainees and hosted a dance battle among the trainees, in which Hong Eun-ki was crowned \"\"Dancing King\"\". A poll for 'Top Visual' was also conducted, in which Park Ji-hoon was ranked 1st. Park Ji-hoon also retained his first place in the rankings announcement. First center Lee Dae-hwi was ranked 7th, the shocking fall in his rank surprising everyone. After announcing the top 59 trainees, BoA announces that the last trainee to be saved from elimination is Kim Sang-bin, ranking 60th. At the end of the episode,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 40 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6737447", "chunk_text": "\"Gilles Marini\"\nseason ended. He also appears as Bay Kennish's biological father, Angelo Sorrento, in \"\"Switched at Birth\"\". On September 18, 2012, it was announced that he would become a series regular for the second season. Gilles and his professional partner, Cheryl Burke, came in as the runners-up of the eighth season of the American televised ballroom dancing competition \"\"Dancing with the Stars\"\". On May 19, 2009, then seventeen-year-old gymnast Shawn Johnson and her partner, Mark Ballas, were crowned champions of that season, defeating Marini & Burke by 1%. He returned alongside professional partner Peta Murgatroyd, for the fifteenth season of \"\"Dancing", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 41 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20890708", "chunk_text": "\"World of Dance (season 1)\"\nWorld of Dance (season 1) The first season of American reality dance competition \"\"World of Dance\"\" premiered May 30, 2017, on NBC. Jennifer Lopez, Ne-Yo, and Derek Hough served as the judges, with Jenna Dewan serving as host. Hip hop dancers Les Twins, from Paris, France, were crowned as the winners of the $1,000,000 prize on August 8, 2017. Fourteen-year-old contemporary dancer Eva Igo and Latin/Swing group Swing Latino were named first runner-up and second runner-up respectively. Despite their Qualifier performance not being shown, this act's hometown and dance style were made available on the \"\"World of Dance\"\" website. In", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 42 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4729295", "chunk_text": "\"So You Think You Can Dance (Greek TV series)\"\nΚωστόπουλος)<br> Igor Mara Hernandez (Ιγκόρ Μόρα Ερνάντες)<br> Andreas Ioannou (Αντρέας Ιωάννου) <br> Elena Tsikitikou (Ελενα Τσικιτίκου)<br> Anastasios Kanaridis (Αναστάσιος Καναρίδης) The winner of season two was Elena Tsikitikou (Ελενα Τσικιτίκου).<br> Top 4: Ania Donchenko, Zoï Tatopoulos, Igor Mara Hernandez Contributors:<br> Hostess: Doukissa Nomikou (Δούκισσα Νομικού) <br> Judge 1: Ivan Svitailo (Ιβάν Σβιτάιλο)<br> Judge 2: Konstantinos Rigos (Κωνσταντίνος Ρήγος)<br> Judge 3: Panos Metaxopoulos (Πάνος Μεταξόπουλος)<br> Judge 4: Eleni Foureira (Ελένη Φουρέιρα)<br> Judge 5: Ioannis Melissanidis (Ιωάννης Μελισσανίδης)<br> Choreographer: Bill RoXenos (Μπίλ Ρόξενος)<br> Choreographer: Courtney Parker (Κόρτνεϊ Πάρκερ)<br> Choreographer: Zoï Tatopoulos (Ζωή Τατόπουλος)<br> Choreographer: Alexander Velinov (Αλεξάντερ Βέλινοβ)<br> Choreographer: Vivi Stamoyli (Βιβή", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 43 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "588467", "chunk_text": "\"Dancing with the Stars (U.S. season 19)\"\nDancing with the Stars (U.S. season 19) Season nineteen of \"\"Dancing with the Stars\"\" premiered on September 15, 2014. On November 25, 2014, Alfonso Ribeiro and his partner Witney Carson were crowned champions. The runners-up were Sadie Robertson and Mark Ballas, and Janel Parrish and Valentin Chmerkovskiy came in third. Ribeiro was the first male celebrity to win since Donald Driver in season 14, and it was Carson's first win—she is the first former \"\"So You Think You Can Dance\"\" contestant turned \"\"Dancing with the Stars\"\" professional to win. Cheryl Burke, who was featured on every season of the show", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 44 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20225191", "chunk_text": "\"So You Think You Can Dance (Malaysia, season 2)\"\nfrom all the choreographies witnessed throughout the season. Hong and Sim did the hip-hp contemporary which Black and Farah performed in week 5 with the song \"\"Elevator\"\" (Flo Rida). Black and CC re-enacted the choreography performed by Hong and Sarah in week 1, with the song \"\"No Air\"\" (Jordin Sparks and Chris Brown). The showdown was paused midway to make way for Nur Shahila Amir Hamzah, runner-up of \"\"One in a Million\"\" season 2, with Cat Farish, performing the song \"\"Bebaskan\"\", in the midst of which, Alam, the champion of season one, to introduce his own TV show \"\"Alam's Story\"\"", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 45 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11561847", "chunk_text": "\"Top Talent\"\naudience vote. The winner of season 1 was soul/R&B/gospel singer Sonya-Maria from Hawaii and the runner-up was juggler Mickael Bellemene - a French national living in Singapore. Plans for season 2 of Top Talent have not yet been officially announced by Seconds2Impact Media; however, in a radio interview on July 1, 2013, executive producer and judge C.J. Allen alluded to a second season which might take place in fall 2013 in order to keep up with the momentum of season 1. Allen also said that if season 2 were to go ahead, he would return as one part of the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 46 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "402129", "chunk_text": "\"Dansefeber (season 2)\"\nDansefeber (season 2) Dansefeber is a Norwegian television reality program and dance competition airing on the TVNorge network. The show is a version of the US original version \"\"So You Think You Can Dance\"\". Season two premiered with Merete Lingjærde, Geir Bie and Vibeke Sørlie as permanent judges and Henriette Lien returning to host. Contemporary dancer Hanna Mjåvatn was crowned Norway's Favourite Dancer and the top price of 500,000 norwegian kroner, as the first female dancer to win the competition in every version of the show. Runner-up were hip-hop dancer Eric Nærbø, with jazz dancer Michelle Purvis finishing 3rd, and", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 47 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6850722", "chunk_text": "\"Dancing with the Stars\"\nseries-special, rather than its own version of the TV series. This one ran from 8 April 2006, to 17 March 2007 on NTV-4. The show () has aired on MBC TV since June 10, 2011, and is hosted by Lee Deok-hwa, with co-host Lee So-ra in Season 1 while former contestant Kim Gyu-ri co-hosted the second season. The first season was won by Moon Hee-joon and his partner Ahn Hye-sang while the second season was won by Choi Yeo-jin and her partner Park Ji-woo. The 3rd Season was won by pop-singer and dancer Fei and her partner Kim Soo Ro.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 48 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18348061", "chunk_text": "\"Dancing with the Stars (U.S. season 21)\"\n8 perfect scores (a record broken in season 25 by Jordan Fisher) and became the second youngest winner of the show at 17 years old (after season 8 winner Shawn Johnson, who was 3 days younger at the time of her win, and later slipped to third behind season 23 winner Laurie Hernandez, who was 16 years old at the time of her win). This also marked Hough's sixth competitive win, extending his own record for the most wins for a professional dancer on the series. On August 19, 2015, nine professional dancers were revealed during \"\"Good Morning America\"\". Karina", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 49 } ]
test_3567	where is lord's prayer found in bible?	n/a	[ "in the Gospel of Luke" ]	[]	n/a	n/a	n/a	[]	[ { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3336778", "chunk_text": "\"Lord's Prayer\"\nLord's Prayer The Lord's Prayer (also called the Our Father or Pater Noster) is a venerated Christian prayer which, according to the New Testament, Jesus taught as the way to pray: Two versions of this prayer are recorded in the gospels: a longer form within the Sermon on the Mount in the Gospel of Matthew, and a shorter form in the Gospel of Luke when \"\"one of his disciples said to him, 'Lord, teach us to pray, as John taught his disciples.'\"\" Lutheran theologian Harold Buls suggested that both were original, the Matthaen version spoken by Jesus early in his", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 0 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9247432", "chunk_text": "\"Lord's Prayer\"\nof the Christmas carol \"\"O Holy Night\"\" as a spoken bridge. The band Yaz used the prayer interspersed with the lyrics of \"\"In My Room\"\" on the album Upstairs at Erics. Text Comment Lord's Prayer The Lord's Prayer (also called the Our Father or Pater Noster) is a venerated Christian prayer which, according to the New Testament, Jesus taught as the way to pray: Two versions of this prayer are recorded in the gospels: a longer form within the Sermon on the Mount in the Gospel of Matthew, and a shorter form in the Gospel of Luke when \"\"one of", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 1 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9247397", "chunk_text": "\"Lord's Prayer\"\nnot in all. Older English translations of the Bible, based on late Byzantine Greek manuscripts, included it, but it is excluded in critical editions of the New Testament, such as that of the United Bible Societies. It is absent in the oldest manuscripts and is not considered to be part of the original text of –. The Catholic Church has never attached it to the Lord's Prayer, but has included it in the Roman Rite Mass as revised in 1969, not as part of the Our Father but separated from it by a prayer called the embolism spoken or sung", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 2 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9247400", "chunk_text": "\"Lord's Prayer\"\nOrigen of Alexandria used the word \"\"trespasses\"\" () in the prayer. Although the Latin form that was traditionally used in Western Europe has \"\"debita\"\" (\"\"debts\"\"), most English-speaking Christians (except Scottish Presbyterians and some others of the Reformed tradition) use \"\"trespasses\"\". The Presbyterian Church (U.S.A.), the Established Presbyterian Church of Scotland as well as the Congregational denomination follow the version found in Matthew 6 in the Authorized Version (known also as the King James Version), which in the prayer uses the words \"\"debts\"\" and \"\"debtors\"\". All these versions are based on the text in Matthew, rather than Luke, of the prayer", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 3 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3336779", "chunk_text": "\"Lord's Prayer\"\nministry in Galilee, and the Lucan version one year later, \"\"very likely in Judea\"\". The first three of the seven petitions in Matthew address God; the other four are related to human needs and concerns. The Matthew account alone includes the \"\"Your will be done\"\" and the \"\"Rescue us from the evil one\"\" (or \"\"Deliver us from evil\"\") petitions. Both original Greek texts contain the adjective \"\"epiousios\"\", which does not appear in any other classical or Koine Greek literature; while controversial, \"\"daily\"\" has been the most common English-language translation of this word. Some Christians, particularly Protestants, conclude the prayer with", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 4 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3336812", "chunk_text": "\"Lord's Prayer\"\nin 52 oriental languages, most of them not previously found in such collections, translated by the brethren of the Serampore Mission and printed at the mission press there in 1818. There are similarities between the Lord's Prayer and both biblical and post-biblical material in Jewish prayer especially Kiddushin 81a (Babylonian). \"\"Our Father which art in heaven\"\" (אבינו שבשמים, Avinu shebashamayim) is the beginning of many Hebrew prayers. \"\"Hallowed be thy name\"\" is reflected in the Kaddish. \"\"Lead us not into sin\"\" is echoed in the \"\"morning blessings\"\" of Jewish prayer. A blessing said by some Jewish communities after the evening", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 5 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9247423", "chunk_text": "\"Lord's Prayer\"\nthe Lord's Prayer with the doxology, sometimes without. Most Protestants append it to the Lord's Prayer. In the course of Christianization, one of the first texts to be translated between many languages has historically been the Lord's Prayer, long before the full Bible would be translated into the respective languages. Since the 16th century, collections of translations of the prayer have often been used for a quick comparison of languages. The first such collection, with 22 versions, was \"\"Mithridates de differentis linguis\"\" by Conrad Gessner (1555; the title refers to Mithridates VI of Pontus who according to Pliny the Elder", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 6 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9247394", "chunk_text": "\"Lord's Prayer\"\na doxology, a later addendum appearing in some manuscripts of Matthew. Initial words on the topic from the \"\"Catechism of the Catholic Church\"\" teach that it \"\"is truly the summary of the whole gospel\"\". The prayer is used by most Christian churches in their worship; with few exceptions, the liturgical form is the Matthean. Although theological differences and various modes of worship divide Christians, according to Fuller Seminary professor Clayton Schmit, \"\"there is a sense of solidarity in knowing that Christians around the globe are praying together ... and these words always unite us.\"\" In biblical criticism, the prayer's absence", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 7 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9247420", "chunk_text": "\"Lord's Prayer\"\nthat therefore the question is of no real consequence. Similar phrases are found in and . \"\"For thine is the kingdom, the power, and the glory, For ever and ever. Amen.\"\" The doxology of the prayer is not contained in Luke's version, nor is it present in the earliest manuscripts of Matthew, representative of the Alexandrian text, although it is present in the manuscripts representative of the later Byzantine text. Most scholars do not consider it part of the original text of Matthew. New translations generally omit it. The first known use of the doxology, in a less lengthy form", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 8 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9247399", "chunk_text": "\"Lord's Prayer\"\n\"\"For thine is the kingdom, the power, and the glory forever\"\" into the Lord’s Prayer. Later scholarship demonstrated that the manuscript was actually a late addition based on Eastern liturgical tradition. Other English translations are also used. Though uses the term \"\"debts\"\", the older English versions of the Lord's Prayer uses the term \"\"trespasses\"\", while ecumenical versions often use the term \"\"sins\"\". The latter choice may be due to , which uses the word \"\"sins\"\", while the former may be due to (immediately after the text of the prayer), where Jesus speaks of \"\"trespasses\"\". As early as the third century,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 9 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15119713", "chunk_text": "\"Lord's Prayer\"\nin the Gospel of Mark together with its occurrence in Matthew and Luke has caused scholars who accept the two-source hypothesis (against other document hypotheses) to conclude that it is probably a \"\"logion\"\" original to Q. Standard edition of Greek text <br> <br> <br> <br> <br> <br> <br> <br> <br> Patriarchal Edition 1904 <br> <br> <br> <br> <br> <br> <br> <br> <br> <br> Roman Missal There are several different English translations of the Lord's Prayer from Greek or Latin, beginning around AD 650 with the Northumbrian translation. Of those in current liturgical use, the three best-known are: The square brackets", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 10 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10036731", "chunk_text": "Amen\nAmen The word amen (, ) (Hebrew אָמֵן, Greek ἀμήν, Arabic آمِينَ) is a declaration of affirmation found in the Hebrew Bible and the New Testament. It is found in Jewish, Christian, and Muslim worship as a concluding word or response to prayers. Common English translations of the word \"\"amen\"\" include \"\"verily\"\" and \"\"truly\"\". It can also be used colloquially to express strong agreement, as in, for instance, \"\"amen to that\"\". In English, the word \"\"amen\"\" has two primary pronunciations, \"\"ah-men\"\" () or \"\"ay-men\"\" (), with minor additional variation in emphasis (the two syllables may be equally stressed instead of", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 11 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10169480", "chunk_text": "\"Prayer in the Hebrew Bible\"\nPrayer in the Hebrew Bible Prayer in the Hebrew Bible is an evolving means of interacting with God, most frequently through a spontaneous, individual, unorganized form of petitioning and/or thanking. Standardized prayer such as is done today is non-existent, though beginning in Deuteronomy, the Bible lays the groundwork for organized prayer, including basic liturgical guidelines, and by the Bible's later books, prayer has evolved to a more standardized form, although still radically different from the form practiced by modern Jews. Individual prayer is described by the \"\"Tanakh\"\" two ways. The first of these is when prayer is described as occurring,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 12 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3336794", "chunk_text": "\"Lord's Prayer\"\ndaily (\"\"epiousios\"\") bread;\"\" As mentioned earlier in this article, the original word (\"\"epiousios\"\"), commonly characterized as \"\"daily\"\", is unique to the Lord's Prayer in all of ancient Greek literature. The word is almost a hapax legomenon, occurring only in Luke and Matthew's versions of the Lord's Prayer, and nowhere else in any other extant Greek texts. While \"\"epiousios\"\" is often substituted by the word \"\"daily,\"\" all other New Testament translations from the Greek into \"\"daily\"\" otherwise reference \"\"hemeran\"\" (ἡμέραν, \"\"the day\"\"), which does not appear in this usage. Via linguistic parsing, Jerome translated \"\"ἐπιούσιον\"\" (epiousios) as \"\"supersubstantialem\"\" in the Gospel", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 13 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3336805", "chunk_text": "\"Lord's Prayer\"\nas well as in the Latin translation, the word could be either of neuter (evil in general) or masculine (the evil one) gender. Matthew's version of the prayer appears in the Sermon on the Mount, in earlier parts of which the term is used to refer to general evil. Later parts of Matthew refer to the devil when discussing similar issues. However, the devil is never referred to as \"\"the evil one\"\" in any known Aramaic sources. While John Calvin accepted the vagueness of the term's meaning, he considered that there is little real difference between the two interpretations, and", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 14 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10232168", "chunk_text": "\"Christian prayer\"\nChristian prayer Prayer is an important activity in Christianity, and there are several different forms of \"\"Christian prayer\"\". \"\"Christian prayers\"\" are diverse: they can be completely spontaneous, or read entirely from a text, like the Anglican Book of Common Prayer. The most common prayer among Christians is the \"\"Lord's Prayer\"\", which according to the gospel accounts (e.g. ) is how Jesus taught his disciples to pray. \"\"The Lord's Prayer\"\" is a model for prayers of adoration, confession and petition in Christianity. A broad, three stage characterization of prayer begins with vocal prayer, then moves on to a more structured form", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 15 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3336796", "chunk_text": "\"Lord's Prayer\"\nof Life, the Body of Christ, the \"\"medicine of immortality,\"\" without which we have no life within us.\"\" \"\"Epiousios\"\" is translated as \"\"supersubstantialem\"\" in the Vulgate () and accordingly as \"\"supersubstantial\"\" in the Douay-Rheims Bible (). Barclay M. Newman's \"\"A Concise Greek-English Dictionary of the New Testament\"\", published in a revised edition in 2010 by the United Bible Societies has the following entry: \"\"And forgive us our trespasses, as we forgive them that trespass against us;\"\" The Presbyterian and other Reformed churches tend to use the rendering \"\"forgive us our debts, as we forgive our debtors\"\". Roman Catholics, Lutherans, Anglicans", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 16 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15119719", "chunk_text": "\"Lord's Prayer\"\ngiven by Jesus: \"\"Our Father, which art in heaven\"\" \"\"Our\"\" indicates that the prayer is that of a group of people who consider themselves children of God and who call God their \"\"Father\"\". \"\"In heaven\"\" indicates that the Father who is addressed is distinct from human fathers on earth. Augustine interpreted \"\"heaven\"\" (\"\"coelum\"\", sky) in this context as meaning \"\"in the hearts of the righteous, as it were in His holy temple\"\". \"\"Hallowed be thy Name;\"\" Former Archbishop of Canterbury Rowan Williams explains this phrase as a petition that people may look upon God's name as holy, as something that", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 17 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15879227", "chunk_text": "Prayer\ncloser to God. Jesus encouraged his disciples to pray in secret in their private rooms, using the Lord's Prayer, as a humble response to the prayer of the Pharisees, whose practices in prayer were regarded as impious by the New Testament writers (). Throughout the New Testament, prayer is shown to be God's appointed method by which we obtain what He has to bestow (; ; . Further, the Book of James says that the lack of blessings in life results from a failure to pray (). Jesus healed through prayer and expected his followers to do so also (;", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 18 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15119731", "chunk_text": "\"Lord's Prayer\"\nLuke's and Matthew's wording could be explained by the original form of the prayer having been in Aramaic. The generally accepted interpretation is thus that the request is for forgiveness of sin, not of supposed loans granted by God. Asking for forgiveness from God was a staple of Jewish prayers. It was also considered proper for individuals to be forgiving of others, so the sentiment expressed in the prayer would have been a common one of the time. Anthony C. Deane, Canon of Worcester Cathedral, suggested that the choice of the word \"\"ὀφειλήματα\"\" (debts), rather than \"\"ἁμαρτίας\"\" (sins), indicates a", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 19 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15119743", "chunk_text": "\"Lord's Prayer\"\na second, revised edition was published in 1715 by John Chamberlain. This 1715 edition was used by Gottfried Hensel in his \"\"Synopsis Universae Philologiae\"\" (1741) to compile \"\"geographico-polyglot maps\"\" where the beginning of the prayer was shown in the geographical area where the respective languages were spoken. Johann Ulrich Kraus also published a collection with more than 100 entries. These collections continued to be improved and expanded well into the 19th century; Johann Christoph Adelung and Johann Severin Vater in 1806–1817 published the prayer in \"\"well-nigh five hundred languages and dialects\"\". Samples of scripture, including the Lord's Prayer, were published", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 20 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3336797", "chunk_text": "\"Lord's Prayer\"\nand Methodists are more likely to say \"\"trespasses ... those who trespass against us\"\". The \"\"debts\"\" form appears in the first English translation of the Bible, by John Wycliffe in 1395 (Wycliffe spelling \"\"dettis\"\"). The \"\"trespasses\"\" version appears in the 1526 translation by William Tyndale (Tyndale spelling \"\"treaspases\"\"). In 1549 the first Book of Common Prayer in English used a version of the prayer with \"\"trespasses\"\". This became the \"\"official\"\" version used in Anglican congregations. On the other hand, the 1611 King James Version, the version specifically authorized for the Church of England, has \"\"forgive us our debts, as we", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 21 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15119714", "chunk_text": "\"Lord's Prayer\"\nin three of the texts below indicate the doxology often added at the end of the prayer by Protestants and, in a slightly different form, by the Byzantine Rite (\"\"For thine is the kingdom and the power and the glory: of the Father, and of the Son, and of the Holy Spirit, now and ever, and unto ages of ages. Amen.\"\"), among whom the prayer proper is usually recited by the cantors and congregation in unison, and the doxology by the priest as the conclusion of the prayer. The Anglican Book of Common Prayer adds it in some services but", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 22 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "504626", "chunk_text": "\"Prayer in the Hebrew Bible\"\nas to protect them from what he still feels is an immanent attack. The Torah, however, when taken literally, describes a joyful meeting, with Esau disregarding formalities so as to embrace his brother, although interpreters suggest Esau actually attacked his younger brother. Moses, the most recurring character in the Torah, prays comparatively little in a truly spontaneous petitioning or thanking form. The one occasion that is most definitely prayer takes place when, in the Book of Exodus, following the making of the Golden Calf, he prays for God to be merciful with his people. The literal reading of the text", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 23 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15119723", "chunk_text": "\"Lord's Prayer\"\nof those faithful who work for a better world. These believe that Jesus' commands to feed the hungry and clothe the needy are the kingdom to which he was referring. Hilda C. Graef notes that the operative Greek word, basileia, means both kingdom and kingship (i.e., reign, dominion, governing, etc.), but that the English word kingdom loses this double meaning. Kingship adds a psychological meaning to the petition: one is also praying for the condition of soul where one follows God's will. \"\"Thy will be done in earth, as it is in heaven:\"\" John Ortberg interprets this phrase as follows:", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 24 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2022816", "chunk_text": "\"Psalm 102\"\nPsalm 102 Psalm 102 is the 102nd psalm of the Book of Psalms, generally known in English by its first verse, in the King James Version, \"\"Hear my prayer, O LORD, and let my cry come unto thee.\"\" In the Greek Septuagint version of the bible, and in its Latin translation Vulgate, this psalm is Psalm 101 in a slightly different numbering system. In Latin, it is known as \"\"Domine exaudi orationem meam\"\". This psalm is part of the fourth of the five biblical books of Psalms and is one of the seven penitential psalms. It begins the final section", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 25 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5561589", "chunk_text": "Prayer\n(e.g. ) is how Jesus taught his disciples to pray. The Lord's Prayer is a model for prayers of adoration, confession and petition in Christianity. In medieval England, prayers (particularly the \"\"paternoster\"\") were frequently used as a measure of time in medical and culinary recipe books. Christians generally pray to God or to the Father. Some Christians (e.g., Catholics, Orthodox) will also ask the righteous in heaven and \"\"in Christ,\"\" such as Virgin Mary or other saints to intercede by praying on their behalf (intercession of saints). Formulaic closures include \"\"through our Lord Jesus Christ, Your Son, who lives and", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 26 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9247422", "chunk_text": "\"Lord's Prayer\"\nthe prayer, the priest sings \"\"For thine is the kingdom and the power and the glory, of the Father, and of the Son, and of the Holy Spirit, now and ever and unto ages of ages.\"\" Latin Church Roman Catholics do not use the doxology when reciting the Lord's Prayer, because it is not part of their received liturgical tradition and is not found in the Latin Vulgate of St. Jerome. Since 1970 it is included in the Roman Rite Mass as an independent item, not as part of the Lord's Prayer. The Anglican Book of Common Prayer sometimes gives", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 27 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3336813", "chunk_text": "\"Lord's Prayer\"\nShema includes a phrase quite similar to the opening of the Lord's Prayer: \"\"Our God in heaven, hallow thy name, and establish thy kingdom forever, and rule over us for ever and ever. Amen.\"\" There are parallels also in . Rabbi Aron Mendes Chumaceiro has said that nearly all the elements of the prayer have counterparts in the Jewish Bible and Deuterocanonical books: the first part in (\"\"Look down from heaven and see, from your holy and beautiful habitation ... For you are our Father ...\"\") and (\"\"I will vindicate the holiness of my great name ...\"\") and (\"\"I will", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 28 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18568680", "chunk_text": "\"Prayer in the New Testament\"\nto this emphasis on prayer in the early church, lengthy passages of the New Testament are prayers or canticles (see also the Book of Odes), such as the Prayer for forgiveness (), the Lord's Prayer, the Magnificat (), the Benedictus (), Jesus' prayer to the one true God (), \"\"Praise be to the God and Father of our Lord Jesus Christ\"\" (), the \"\"Believers' Prayer\"\" (), \"\"may this cup be taken from me\"\" (), \"\"Pray that you will not fall into temptation\"\" (), \"\"Saint Stephen's Prayer\"\" (), \"\"Simon Magus' Prayer\"\" (), \"\"pray that we may be delivered from wicked and", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 29 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10232172", "chunk_text": "\"Christian prayer\"\nregarded prayer as an essential part of their lives (; ; ). As such, the apostles frequently incorporated verses from Psalms into their writings. for example is borrowed from and other psalms. Thus, due to this emphasis on prayer in the early church. lengthy passages of the New Testament are prayers or canticles (see also the Book of Odes), such as the Prayer for forgiveness (), the Lord's Prayer, the Magnificat (), the Benedictus (), Jesus' prayer to the one true God (), exclamations such as, \"\"Praise be to the God and Father of our Lord Jesus Christ\"\" (), the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 30 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18568678", "chunk_text": "\"Prayer in the New Testament\"\nPrayer in the New Testament Prayer in the New Testament is presented as a positive command (; ). The People of God are challenged to include Christian prayer in their everyday life, even in the busy struggles of marriage () as it brings people closer to God. Jesus encouraged his disciples to pray in secret in their private rooms, using the Lord's Prayer, as a humble response to the prayer of the Pharisees, whose practices in prayer were regarded as impious by the New Testament writers (). Throughout the New Testament, prayer is shown to be God's appointed method by", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 31 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9247421", "chunk_text": "\"Lord's Prayer\"\n(\"\"for yours is the power and the glory forever\"\"), as a conclusion for the Lord's Prayer (in a version slightly different from that of Matthew) is in the Didache, 8:2. It has similarities with —\"\"Yours, O LORD, is the greatness and the power and the glory and the victory and the majesty, for all that is in the heavens and in the earth is yours. Yours is the kingdom, O LORD, and you are exalted as head above all.\"\" In the Byzantine Rite, a similar doxology is sung within the context of the Divine Liturgy. Following the last line of", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 32 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12804380", "chunk_text": "\"Psalm 130\"\nPsalm 130 Psalm 130 is the 130th psalm of the Book of Psalms, one of the Penitential psalms. The first verse is a call to God in deep sorrow, from \"\"out of the depths\"\" (Out of the deep), as it is translated in the King James Version of the Bible respectively in the Book of Common Prayer. The Book of Psalms is the third section of the Hebrew Bible, and a book of the Christian Old Testament. In the Greek Septuagint version of the Bible, and in its Latin translation Vulgate, this psalm is Psalm 129 in a slightly different", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 33 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12804374", "chunk_text": "\"Psalm 130\"\nPsalm 130 Psalm 130 is the 130th psalm of the Book of Psalms, one of the Penitential psalms. The first verse is a call to God in deep sorrow, from \"\"out of the depths\"\" (Out of the deep), as it is translated in the King James Version of the Bible respectively in the Book of Common Prayer. The Book of Psalms is the third section of the Hebrew Bible, and a book of the Christian Old Testament. In the Greek Septuagint version of the Bible, and in its Latin translation Vulgate, this psalm is Psalm 129 in a slightly different", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 34 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2022634", "chunk_text": "\"Psalm 139\"\nPsalm 139 Psalm 139 is the 139th psalm of the Book of Psalms, generally known in English by its first verse, in the King James Version, \"\"O lord, thou hast searched me, and known me.\"\" The Book of Psalms is the third section of the Hebrew Bible, and a book of the Christian Old Testament. In the Greek Septuagint version of the bible, and in its Latin translation Vulgate, this psalm is Psalm 138 in a slightly different numbering system. In Latin, it is known as \"\"Domine probasti me et cognovisti me\"\". The psalm is a hymn psalm. Attributed to", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 35 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3587304", "chunk_text": "\"Matthew 6:11\"\nMatthew 6:11 Matthew 6:11 is the eleventh verse of the sixth chapter of the Gospel of Matthew in the New Testament and forms part of the Sermon on the Mount. This verse is the third one of the Lord's Prayer, one of the best known parts of the entire New Testament. This brief verse contains the fourth petition to God. The original Koine Greek, according to Westcott and Hort, reads: Via linguistic parsing, \"\"Epiousios\"\" is translated as \"\"supersubstantialem\"\" in the Vulgate () and accordingly as \"\"supersubstantial\"\" in the Douay-Rheims Bible (): Reflecting interpretations from the Vetus Latina, the King James", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 36 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15119716", "chunk_text": "\"Lord's Prayer\"\nby the priest (in the official ICEL English translation: \"\"Deliver us, Lord, we pray, from every evil, graciously grant peace in our days, that, by the help of your mercy, we may be always free from sin and safe from all distress, as we await the blessed hope and the coming of our Saviour, Jesus Christ.\"\") that elaborates on the final petition, \"\"Deliver us from evil.\"\" For more information on this doxology, see Doxology, below. When Reformers set out to translate the King James Bible, they assumed that a Greek manuscript they possessed was ancient and therefore adopted the phrase", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 37 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5410325", "chunk_text": "\"Prayer of Manasseh\"\nthe 1537 Matthew Bible, and the 1599 Geneva Bible. It also appears in the Apocrypha of the King James Bible and of the original 1609/1610 Douai Rheims Bible. Pope Clement VIII included the prayer in an appendix to the Vulgate stating that it should continue to be read \"\"lest it perish entirely\"\". The prayer is included in some editions of the Greek Septuagint. For example, the 5th century Codex Alexandrinus includes the prayer among fourteen Odes appearing just after the Psalms. It is accepted as a deuterocanonical book by Orthodox Christians. The prayer is chanted during the Orthodox Christian and", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 38 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6280908", "chunk_text": "\"Matthew 6:12\"\nMatthew 6:12 Matthew 6:12 is the twelfth verse of the sixth chapter of the Gospel of Matthew in the New Testament and is part of the Sermon on the Mount. This verse is the fourth one of the Lord's Prayer, one of the best known parts of the entire New Testament. This verse contains the fifth petition to God. In the King James Version of the Bible the text reads: The World English Bible translates the passage as: For a collection of other versions see here: The Greek word here translated as debts literally meant financial debts owed to another.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 39 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10601008", "chunk_text": "\"Matthew 6:10\"\nMatthew 6:10 Matthew 6:10 is the tenth verse of the sixth chapter of the Gospel of Matthew in the New Testament and is part of the Sermon on the Mount. This verse is the second one of the Lord's Prayer, one of the best known parts of the entire New Testament. This verse contains the second and third petitions to God. In the King James Version of the Bible the text reads: The World English Bible translates the passage as: For a collection of other versions see BibRef Matthew 6:10 The opening of this verse, like the end of the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 40 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11440097", "chunk_text": "Gethsemane\nGethsemane Gethsemane (, \"\"Gethsemane\"\"; , \"\"Gat Shmanim\"\"; , \"\"Gaḏ Šmānê\"\", lit. \"\"oil press\"\") is an urban garden at the foot of the Mount of Olives in Jerusalem, most famous as the place where Jesus prayed and his disciples slept the night before his crucifixion; i.e. the site recorded as where the agony in the garden took place. \"\"Gethsemane\"\" appears in the Greek original of the Gospel of Matthew and the Gospel of Mark as Γεθσημανή (\"\"Gethsēmanē\"\"). The name is derived from the Aramaic ܓܕܣܡܢ (Gaḏ-Šmānê), meaning \"\"oil press\"\". and call it χωρἰον (18:1), meaning a place or estate. The Gospel", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 41 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15455908", "chunk_text": "Hosanna\nHosanna Hosanna () is a liturgical word in Judaism and Christianity. In Judaism, it is always used in its original Hebrew form, הושענא \"\"Hoshana\"\". The word \"\"hosanna\"\" (Latin ', Greek , \"\"hōsanná\"\") is from Hebrew , ' and related to Aramaic (ʾōshaʿnā) meaning \"\"save, rescue, savior\"\". In the Hebrew Bible it is used only in verses such as \"\"help\"\" or \"\"save, I pray\"\" (). It is applied in numerous verses of the New Testament including \"\"Hosanna; blessed is the one who comes in the name of the Lord\"\" (), \"\"hosanna in the highest\"\" (); \"\"hosanna to the Son of David\"\"", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 42 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3587299", "chunk_text": "\"Matthew 6:9\"\nthat this petition is not necessarily advice for the present. Matthew 6:9 Matthew 6:9 is the ninth verse of the sixth chapter of the Gospel of Matthew in the New Testament and is part of the Sermon on the Mount. This verse is the opening of the Lord's Prayer, one of the best known parts of the entire New Testament. In the King James Version of the Bible the text reads: The World English Bible translates the passage as: The verse opens with an instruction to pray in the manner that follows. This opening makes clear that this is not", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 43 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16236467", "chunk_text": "\"Psalm 142\"\nPsalm 142 Psalm 142 is the 142nd psalm from the Book of Psalms in the Masoretic and modern numbering, corresponding to psalm 141 in the Vulgata Clementina. The text is presented as a prayer by David at the time he was hiding in the cave (part of the David and Jonathan narrative in the Books of Samuel). It is, consequently, used as a prayer in times of distress. In Catholic liturgy, this psalm (also known by its Latin incipit \"\"Voce mea ad Dominum clamavi\"\") has been recited at Vespers since the Middle Ages. According to the Rule of St. Benedict", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 44 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17290090", "chunk_text": "\"Jesus Prayer\"\nof his heart\"\". In the Jesus Prayer can be seen the Eastern counterpart of the rosary, which has developed to hold a similar place in the Christian West. The prayer's origin is most likely the Egyptian desert, which was settled by the monastic Desert Fathers and Desert Mothers in the 5th century. A formula similar to the standard form of the Jesus Prayer is found in a letter attributed to John Chrysostom, who died in AD 407. This \"\"Letter to an Abbot\"\" speaks of \"\"Lord Jesus Christ, son of God, have mercy\"\" and \"\"Lord Jesus Christ, son of God, have", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 45 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "669566", "chunk_text": "\"Imprecatory Psalms\"\nImprecatory Psalms Imprecatory Psalms, contained within the Book of Psalms of the Hebrew Bible (), are those that invoke judgment, calamity, or curses, upon one's enemies or those perceived as the enemies of God. Major Imprecatory Psalms include and Psalm 109, while Psalms 5, 6, 11, 12, 35, 37, 40, 52, 54, 56, 58, 79, 83, 137, 139, and 143 are also considered imprecatory (). As a sample, Psalm 69:24 states toward God, \"\"\"\"Pour out Your indignation on them, and let Your burning anger overtake them.\"\"\"\" The Psalms (, תהילים, or \"\"praises\"\"), considered part of both Hebrew and Christian Scripture,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 46 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "504630", "chunk_text": "\"Prayer in the Hebrew Bible\"\nsacrifice recite a basic creed, declaring his people's heritage and history, as well as a prayer of thanks to God for the fruits they have harvested. Moses also requires Israelites to, at certain times, recite a declaration saying they have not transgressed any of the \"\"mitzvot.\"\" Prayer in the Hebrew Bible Prayer in the Hebrew Bible is an evolving means of interacting with God, most frequently through a spontaneous, individual, unorganized form of petitioning and/or thanking. Standardized prayer such as is done today is non-existent, though beginning in Deuteronomy, the Bible lays the groundwork for organized prayer, including basic liturgical", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 47 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5410324", "chunk_text": "\"Prayer of Manasseh\"\ncaptive by the Assyrians (). While a prisoner, Manasseh prayed for mercy, and upon being freed and restored to the throne turned from his idolatrous ways (). A reference to the prayer, but not the prayer itself, is made in , which says that the prayer is written in \"\"the annals of the kings of Israel\"\". The prayer is considered apocryphal by Jews, Catholics and Protestants. It was placed at the end of 2 Chronicles in the late 4th-century Vulgate. Over a millennium later, Martin Luther included the book in his 74-book translation of the Bible. It was part of", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 48 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1316143", "chunk_text": "\"Psalm 97\"\nPsalm 97 Psalm 97 is the 97th psalm of the Book of Psalms, generally known in English by its first verse, in the King James Version, \"\"The Lord reigneth; let the earth rejoice\"\", also as \"\"The Lord is King\"\". The Book of Psalms is the third section of the Hebrew Bible, and a book of the Christian Old Testament. In the Greek Septuagint version of the bible, and in its Latin translation Vulgate, this psalm is Psalm 96 in a slightly different numbering system. In Latin, it is known as \"\"Dominus regnavit exultet terra\"\". The psalm is a hymn psalm.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 49 } ]
test_3568	how are leaders of the two parties in congress chosen?	n/a	[ "Senate Republican Conference", "Senate Democratic Caucus" ]	[]	n/a	n/a	n/a	[]	[ { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10490663", "chunk_text": "\"Party leaders of the United States House of Representatives\"\nduring the convening of the Congress. If the Minority Leader's party takes control of the House, and the party officers are all re-elected to their seats, the Minority Leader is usually the party's top choice for Speaker for the next Congress, while the Minority Whip is typically in line to become Majority Leader. The Minority Leader usually meets with the Majority Leader and the Speaker to discuss agreements on controversial issues. The Speaker, Majority Leader, Minority Leader, Majority Whip and Minority Whip all receive special office suites in the United States Capitol. The floor leaders and whips of each party", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 0 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10490664", "chunk_text": "\"Party leaders of the United States House of Representatives\"\nare elected by their respective parties in a closed-door caucus by secret ballot. The Speaker-elect is also chosen in a closed-door session although they are formally installed in their position by a public vote when Congress reconvenes. Like the Speaker of the House, the Minority Leaders are typically experienced lawmakers when they win election to this position. When Nancy Pelosi, D-CA, became Minority Leader in the 108th Congress, she had served in the House nearly 20 years and had served as minority whip in the 107th Congress. When her predecessor, Richard Gephardt, D-MO, became minority leader in the 104th House,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 1 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10145736", "chunk_text": "\"Party leader\"\nhave been elected by popular vote since 1913. They currently include President of the Senate Mike Pence, President Pro Tempore of the United States Senate Orrin Hatch, Senate Majority Leader Mitch McConnell and Senate Majority Whip John Cornyn on the Republican side, and Senate minority leader Chuck Schumer, Senate Minority Whip Dick Durbin. The Party leaders of the United States House of Representatives are elected by their respective parties in the House by secret ballot. The Republican Party is currently represented in the House by Majority Leader Kevin McCarthy and Majority Whip Steve Scalise, whereas the Democratic Party is represented", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 2 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16234078", "chunk_text": "\"United States House of Representatives\"\nwho are sent to trial before the Senate, and in cases wherein no candidate receives a majority of electors for President, the duty falls upon the House to elect one of the top three recipients of electors for that office, with one vote given to each state for that purpose. The presiding officer is the Speaker of the House, who is elected by the members thereof and is therefore traditionally the leader of the controlling party. The Speaker and other floor leaders are chosen by the Democratic Caucus or the Republican Conference, depending on whichever party has more voting members.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 3 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10490661", "chunk_text": "\"Party leaders of the United States House of Representatives\"\nParty leaders of the United States House of Representatives Party leaders and whips of the United States House of Representatives, also known as floor leaders, are elected by their respective parties in a closed-door caucus by secret ballot. With the Republicans holding a majority of seats and the Democrats holding a minority, the current leaders are: Majority Leader Kevin McCarthy, Majority Whip Steve Scalise, Minority Leader Nancy Pelosi, and Minority Whip Steny Hoyer. Unlike in Westminster style legislatures or as with the Senate Majority Leader, the House Majority Leader's duties and prominence vary depending upon the style and power of", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 4 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10762421", "chunk_text": "\"Party leader\"\nMike Pence, likewise holds a leadership role as both the second-highest executive officer as well as being the President of the Senate. The legislative branch, otherwise known as the United States Congress, is made up of the upper chamber, the Senate, and the lower chamber, the House of Representatives, with party-elected leaders in each. The leader of the party with most the representation (sometimes called the party-in-power) in each case is known as the majority leader, whereas the leader of the opposing party with the most members is known as the minority leader. Party leaders in the United States Senate", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 5 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14312029", "chunk_text": "\"United States Congress\"\nare typically affiliated with the Republican Party or with the Democratic Party and only rarely with a third party or independents. Article One of the United States Constitution states, \"\"All legislative Powers herein granted shall be vested in a Congress of the United States, which shall consist of a Senate and House of Representatives.\"\" The House and Senate are equal partners in the legislative process—legislation cannot be enacted without the consent of both chambers. However, the Constitution grants each chamber some unique powers. The Senate ratifies treaties and approves presidential appointments while the House initiates revenue-raising bills. The House initiates", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 6 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12007947", "chunk_text": "\"Majority leader\"\nbeing third in line of succession to the presidency). In the United States House of Representatives, the majority leader is elected by U.S. Congresspeople in the political party holding the largest number of seats in the House. While the responsibilities vary depending upon the political climate, the Majority Leader of the United States House of Representatives typically sets the floor agenda and oversees the committee chairmen. Given the two-party nature of the U.S. system, the majority leader is almost inevitably either a Republican or a Democrat. The majority leader is often assisted in their role by whips, whose job is", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 7 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4944282", "chunk_text": "\"Party caucuses and conferences in the United States Congress\"\nParty caucuses and conferences in the United States Congress Members of each major party in the United States Congress meet regularly in closed sessions known as party conferences (Republicans) or party caucuses (Democrats). Participants set legislative agendas, select committee members and chairs, and hold elections to choose various Floor leaders. This process takes place for both the Senate and the House of Representatives. The Republican Conference Chairman or Democratic Caucus Chairman is the third ranking position in each chamber's party leadership, after the Majority/Minority Leader and the Majority/Minority Whip, and before the Campaign Committee Chairman (Democratic Senatorial Campaign Committee, National", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 8 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14465253", "chunk_text": "\"Joint session of the United States Congress\"\nJoint session of the United States Congress A joint session of the United States Congress is a gathering of members of the two chambers of the bicameral legislature of the federal government of the United States: the Senate and the House of Representatives. Joint sessions can be held on any special occasion, but are required to be held when the President delivers a State of the Union address, when they gather to count and certify the votes of the Electoral College following a presidential election, or when they convene on the occasion of a presidential inauguration. A joint session is", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 9 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16030783", "chunk_text": "\"Politics of the United States\"\noffice as an independent. Each state has significant discretion in deciding how candidates are nominated, and thus eligible to appear on the election ballot. Typically, major party candidates are formally chosen in a party primary or convention, whereas minor party and Independents are required to complete a petitioning process. The modern political party system in the United States is a two-party system dominated by the Democratic Party and the Republican Party. These two parties have won every United States presidential election since 1852 and have controlled the United States Congress since 1856. The Democratic Party generally positions itself as left-of-center", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 10 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4250781", "chunk_text": "\"United States House of Representatives\"\nfrom the majority party; they have counterparts (for instance, the \"\"ranking members\"\" of committees) in the minority party. The Constitution provides that the House may choose its own Speaker. Although not explicitly required by the Constitution, every Speaker has been a member of the House. The Constitution does not specify the duties and powers of the Speaker, which are instead regulated by the rules and customs of the House. Speakers have a role both as a leader of the House and the leader of their party (which need not be the majority party; theoretically, a member of the minority party", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 11 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8898498", "chunk_text": "\"Congressional nominating caucus\"\nCongressional nominating caucus The Congressional nominating caucus is the name for informal meetings in which American congressmen would agree on who to nominate for the Presidency and Vice Presidency from their political party. The system was introduced after George Washington had announced his retirement upon the end of his second term, when the Democratic-Republican Party, and Federalist Party began contesting elections on a partisan basis. Both parties may have held informal caucuses in 1796 to try to decide on their candidates. After the disorganized electoral voting of 1796, both parties held formal caucuses in 1800 that selected their respective presidential", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 12 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1163001", "chunk_text": "\"United States Congress\"\nwith Wilson in 1913. Joint Sessions and Joint Meetings are traditionally presided over by the Speaker of the House except when counting presidential electoral votes when the Vice President (acting as the President of the Senate) presides. Ideas for legislation can come from members, lobbyists, state legislatures, constituents, legislative counsel, or executive agencies. Anyone can write a bill, but only members of Congress may introduce bills. Most bills are not written by Congress members, but originate from the Executive branch; interest groups often draft bills as well. The usual next step is for the proposal to be passed to a", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 13 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10490687", "chunk_text": "\"Party leaders of the United States House of Representatives\"\nNancy Pelosi, and John Boehner. The style and role of any minority leader is influenced by a variety of elements, including personality and contextual factors, such as the size and cohesion of the minority party, whether their party controls the White House, the general political climate in the House, and the controversy that is sometimes associated with the legislative agenda. Despite the variability of these factors, there are a number of institutional obligations associated with this position. Many of these assignments or roles are spelled out in the House rule book. Others have devolved upon the position in other ways.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 14 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3739826", "chunk_text": "\"2019 Speaker of the United States House of Representatives election\"\nbeen elected from House membership. The 435 members of the House of Representatives elect a Speaker by majority rule at the beginning of each session of the United States Congress, who serves until the end of the Congress. Typically, the election is a formality, as the majority party's members vote as a bloc for their party's previously-chosen Speaker-nominee (such as the speaker, majority leader, or minority leader from the previous term). Open elections are uncommon but have occurred. The last Speaker election to require multiple ballots occurred in 1923. The Democratic caucus vote was held on November 28, 2018. The", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 15 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9301018", "chunk_text": "\"Commission on Appointments\"\nof the House of Representatives. Members from each House of Congress are elected based on proportional representation from the political parties and parties or organizations registered under the party-list system represented. The Chairman of the Commission shall vote only in case of a tie. It shall act on all appointments submitted within thirty session days of Congress. It shall be governed by a majority vote of all members. A president can either make a nomination or an appointment. Either action involves the commission. Most presidential actions are \"\"ad interim\"\" appointments, done when Congress is not in session. In these cases,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 16 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6270367", "chunk_text": "\"United States Congress\"\nCongress decides differently. The Constitution requires Congress meet at least once each year and forbids either house from meeting outside the Capitol without the consent of the other house. Joint Sessions of the United States Congress occur on special occasions that require a concurrent resolution from both House and Senate. These sessions include counting electoral votes after a presidential election and the president's State of the Union address. The constitutionally-mandated report, normally given as an annual speech, is modeled on Britain's Speech from the Throne, was written by most presidents after Jefferson but personally delivered as a spoken oration beginning", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 17 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4178957", "chunk_text": "\"Speaker of the United States House of Representatives\"\ncandidate wins such a majority, then the roll call is repeated until a speaker is elected. The last time repeated votes were required was in 1923, when the Speaker was elected on the ninth ballot. The new Speaker is then sworn in by the Dean of the United States House of Representatives, the chamber's longest-serving member. In modern practice, the Speaker is chosen by the majority party from among its senior leaders either when a vacancy in the office arrives or when the majority party changes. Previous Speakers have been minority leaders (when the majority party changes, as they are", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 18 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1175296", "chunk_text": "Congress\nCongress A congress is a formal meeting of the representatives of different nations, constituent states, organizations trade unions, and political parties), or groups. The term, originally denoting a parley during battle in the Late Middle Ages, is derived from the Latin \"\"congressus\"\". () In the mid-1770s, the term was chosen by the 13 British colonies for the Continental Congress to emphasize the status of each colony represented there as a self-governing entity. Subsequent to the use of \"\"congress\"\" as the name for the legislature of the U.S. federal government (beginning in 1789), the term has been adopted by many nations", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 19 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10490662", "chunk_text": "\"Party leaders of the United States House of Representatives\"\nthe Speaker of the House. Typically, the Speaker does not participate in debate and rarely votes on the floor. In some cases, Majority Leaders have been more influential than the Speaker; notably, Tom DeLay was more prominent than Speaker Dennis Hastert. In addition, Speaker Newt Gingrich delegated to Dick Armey an unprecedented level of authority over scheduling legislation on the House floor. The current Minority Leader Nancy Pelosi serves as floor leader of the opposition party, and is the counterpart to the Majority Leader. Unlike the Majority Leader, the Minority Leader is on the ballot for Speaker of the House", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 20 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2684540", "chunk_text": "\"Two-party system\"\nJackson, and the Whig Party, led by Henry Clay. The former evolved into the modern Democratic Party and the latter was replaced with the Republican Party as one of the two main parties in the 1850s. Two-party system A two-party system is a party system where two major political parties dominate the government. One of the two parties typically holds a majority in the legislature and is usually referred to as the \"\"majority\"\" or \"\"governing party\"\" while the other is the \"\"minority\"\" or \"\"opposition party\"\". Around the world, the term has different senses. For example, in the United States, Jamaica,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 21 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6270366", "chunk_text": "\"United States Congress\"\ngenerally easier for committees to reach accord on issues when compromise is possible. Some political scientists speculate that a prolonged period marked by narrow majorities in both chambers of Congress has intensified partisanship in the last few decades but that an alternation of control of Congress between Democrats and Republicans may lead to greater flexibility in policies as well as pragmatism and civility within the institution. A term of Congress is divided into two \"\"sessions\"\", one for each year; Congress has occasionally been called into an extra or \"\"special session\"\". A new session commences on January 3 each year unless", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 22 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4087066", "chunk_text": "\"Politics of the United States\"\nnumber of additional third parties, who sometimes run their own candidates for office and sometimes nominate the nominees of the two main parties. In the District of Columbia, the D.C. Statehood Green Party has served as a strong third party behind the Democratic Party and Republican Party. Most officials in America are elected from single-member districts and win office by beating out their opponents in a system for determining winners called \"\"first-past-the-post\"\"; the one who gets the plurality wins, (which is not the same thing as actually getting a majority of votes). This encourages the two-party system; see Duverger's law.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 23 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14312026", "chunk_text": "\"United States Congress\"\nUnited States Congress The United States Congress is the bicameral legislature of the Federal government of the United States. The legislature consists of two chambers: the House of Representatives and the Senate. The Congress meets in the United States Capitol in Washington, D.C.. Both senators and representatives are chosen through direct election, though vacancies in the Senate may be filled by a gubernatorial appointment. Congress has 535 voting members: 435 representatives and 100 senators. The House of Representatives has six non-voting members representing Puerto Rico, American Samoa, Guam, the Northern Mariana Islands, the U.S. Virgin Islands, and the District of", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 24 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2021269", "chunk_text": "\"United States House of Representatives\"\n(with the Congress based on those districts starting its term on the following Jan. 3). In most states, major party candidates for each district are nominated in partisan primary elections, typically held in spring to late summer. In some states, the Republican and Democratic parties choose their respective candidates for each district in their political conventions in spring or early summer, which often use unanimous voice votes to reflect either confidence in the incumbent or the result of bargaining in earlier private discussions. Exceptions can result in so-called floor fight—convention votes by delegates, with outcomes that can be hard to", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 25 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5994031", "chunk_text": "Caucus\nmeanings. Members of a political party or subgroup may meet to coordinate members' actions, choose group policy, or nominate candidates for various offices. There is no provision for the role of political parties in the United States Constitution. In the first two presidential elections, the Electoral College handled nominations and elections in 1789 and 1792 which selected George Washington. After that, Congressional party or a state legislature party caucus selected the party's presidential candidates. Nationally, these caucuses were replaced by the party convention starting in 1832 following the lead of the Anti-Masonic Party 1831 convention. The term \"\"caucus\"\" is frequently", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 26 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10490674", "chunk_text": "\"Party leaders of the United States House of Representatives\"\nshall be appointed by joint recommendation of the Speaker, majority leader, and minority leader; and Rule XV, clause 6, provides that the Speaker, after consultation with the minority leader, may place legislation on the Corrections Calendar. The minority leader also has other institutional duties, such as appointing individuals to certain federal entities. From a party perspective, the minority leader has a wide range of partisan assignments, all geared toward retaking majority control of the House. Five principal party activities direct the work of the minority leader. The roles and responsibilities of the minority leader are not well-defined. To a large", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 27 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6263457", "chunk_text": "\"Two-party system\"\nTwo-party system A two-party system is a party system where two major political parties dominate the government. One of the two parties typically holds a majority in the legislature and is usually referred to as the \"\"majority\"\" or \"\"governing party\"\" while the other is the \"\"minority\"\" or \"\"opposition party\"\". Around the world, the term has different senses. For example, in the United States, Jamaica, and Malta, the sense of \"\"two party system\"\" describes an arrangement in which all or nearly all elected officials belong to one of the only two major parties, and third parties rarely win any seats in", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 28 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10145737", "chunk_text": "\"Party leader\"\nby Minority Leader Nancy Pelosi and Minority Whip Steny Hoyer. In the House of Representatives, the most powerful official is the House-elected Speaker, currently Paul Ryan of the Republican Party. The Democratic Party is currently chaired by Tom Perez. Party leader In a governmental system, a party leader acts as the official representative of their political party. The party leader is typically responsible for managing the party's relationship with the general public. As such, they will take a leading role in developing and communicating party policy, especially election platforms, to the electorate. They are also typically the public face of", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 29 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2688224", "chunk_text": "\"United States Congress\"\nbefore doing business in each house. However, the rules of each house assume that a quorum is present unless a quorum call demonstrates the contrary. Since representatives and senators who are present rarely demand quorum calls, debate often continues despite the lack of a majority. Voting within Congress can take many forms, including systems using lights and bells and electronic voting. Both houses use voice voting to decide most matters in which members shout \"\"aye\"\" or \"\"no\"\" and the presiding officer announces the result. The Constitution, however, requires a recorded vote if demanded by one-fifth of the members present. If", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 30 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7032013", "chunk_text": "\"Member of Congress\"\nby direct popular vote. Senators are elected via a statewide vote and representatives by voters in each congressional district. Congressional districts are apportioned to the states, once every ten years, based on population figures from the most recent nationwide census. Each of the 435 members of the House of Representatives is elected to serve a two-year term representing the people of their district. Each state, regardless of its size, has at least one congressman or congresswoman. Each of the 100 members of the Senate is elected to serve a six-year term representing the people of their state. Each state, regardless", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 31 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19469418", "chunk_text": "\"Aisle (political term)\"\nAisle (political term) In the United States, the two major political parties, the Republicans and the Democrats, are often referred to as \"\"the two sides of the aisle.\"\" Usage of the term \"\"aisle\"\" comes from the United States Congress. In the Senate, desks are arranged in the chamber in a semicircular pattern and the desks are divided by a wide central aisle. By tradition, Democrats sit on the right of the center aisle (as viewed from the presiding officer's chair) while Republicans sit on the left. Unlike in the Senate, there are no assigned desks in the House of Representatives", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 32 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2021288", "chunk_text": "\"United States House of Representatives\"\nconsider bills. Each party elects a floor leader, who is known as the Majority Leader or Minority Leader. The Minority Leader heads their party in the House, and the Majority Leader is their party's second-highest-ranking official, behind the Speaker. Party leaders decide what legislation members of their party should either support or oppose. Each party also elects a Whip, who works to ensure that the party's members vote as the party leadership desires. The current majority whip in the House of Representatives is Steve Scalise, who is a member of the Republican Party. The current minority whip is Steny Hoyer,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 33 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3589670", "chunk_text": "\"Casting vote\"\nunless doing so would make a difference. This is, in effect, a casting vote. In the Congress of the Philippines, the presiding officers, who are openly partisan, of the two chambers have different rules on casting votes in case of a tie. In the Senate, the President of the Senate votes last; therefore, if the motion is tied, it is lost. Meanwhile, the Speaker of the House of Representatives (or any presiding officer) does not vote unless there is a tie, which is rare; in this casting vote, the presiding officer usually votes based on the party line. At one", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 34 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10490686", "chunk_text": "\"Party leaders of the United States House of Representatives\"\nthe Contract with America which was unveiled six weeks before voting day. In the instance when the Presidency and both Houses of Congress are controlled by one party, the Speaker normally assumes a lower profile and defers to the President. For that situation the House Minority Leader can play the role of a \"\"de facto\"\" \"\"leader of the opposition\"\", often more so than the Senate Minority Leader, due to the more partisan nature of the House and the greater role of leadership. Minority Leaders who have played prominent roles in opposing the incumbent President have included Gerald Ford, Richard Gephardt,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 35 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19154827", "chunk_text": "\"Structure of the United States Congress\"\npresident pro tempore is elected (usually after a change in party control). Thus, the Senate does not necessarily elect a new president pro tempore at the beginning of a new Congress. Under the Constitution, members of both houses enjoy the privilege of being free from arrest in all cases, except for treason, felony, and breach of the peace. This immunity applies to members during sessions and when traveling to and from sessions. The term \"\"arrest\"\" has been interpreted broadly, and includes any detention or delay in the course of law enforcement, including court summons and subpoenas. The rules of the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 36 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3693992", "chunk_text": "\"Party leaders of the United States Senate\"\nParty leaders of the United States Senate The Senate Majority and Minority Leaders are two United States Senators and members of the party leadership of the United States Senate. These leaders serve as the chief Senate spokespeople for the political parties respectively holding the majority and the minority in the United States Senate, and manage and schedule the legislative and executive business of the Senate. They are elected to their positions in the Senate by their respective party caucuses, the Senate Democratic Caucus and the Senate Republican Conference. By rule, the Presiding Officer gives the Majority Leader priority in obtaining", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 37 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10762419", "chunk_text": "\"Party leader\"\na Minister in a Cabinet. The method of selection of the party leader varies from party to party, though often it will involve an election involving all or part of the party membership. In some parties, only current members of the parliamentary party, or particular party office-holders, may vote; in others, such as the British Labour Party, though the entire membership is eligible to vote, some electors may have a much larger share of the vote than others (see also Superdelegate for a similar concept). If only one candidate emerges, he or she is said to have been \"\"elected by", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 38 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2021286", "chunk_text": "\"United States House of Representatives\"\ncould be elected as Speaker with the support of a fraction of members of the majority party). Under the Presidential Succession Act (1947), the Speaker is second in the line of presidential succession behind the Vice President. The Speaker is the presiding officer of the House but does not preside over every debate. Instead, s/he delegates the responsibility of presiding to other members in most cases. The presiding officer sits in a chair in the front of the House chamber. The powers of the presiding officer are extensive; one important power is that of controlling the order in which members", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 39 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10490706", "chunk_text": "\"Party leaders of the United States House of Representatives\"\nhour, or special order period in the House; they conduct surveys of party colleagues to discern their policy preferences; they establish websites that highlight and distribute party images and issues to users; and they organize task forces or issue teams to formulate party programs and to develop strategies for communicating these programs to the public. House minority leaders also hold joint news conferences and consult with their counterparts in the Senate—and with the president if their party controls the White House. The overall objectives are to develop a coordinated communications strategy, to share ideas and information, and to present a", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 40 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10688608", "chunk_text": "\"Slate (elections)\"\nSlate (elections) A slate is a group of candidates that run in multi-seat or multi-position elections on a common platform. The common platform may be because the candidates are all members of a political party, have the same or similar policies, or some other reason. The United States presidential elections use an electoral college to determine the winner and the electors are chosen by popular vote in each state. In most states, voters choose a slate of electors who support one of the candidates, although this may not be obvious to the voter at the time. In states whose state", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 41 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10490689", "chunk_text": "\"Party leaders of the United States House of Representatives\"\nMinority Leader, shall develop through an appropriate entity of the House a system for drug testing in the House.\"\" Inspector General. Rule II, clause 6, states that the \"\"Inspector General shall be appointed for a Congress by the Speaker, the Majority Leader, and the Minority Leader, acting jointly.\"\" This rule further states that the minority leader and other specified House leaders shall be notified of any financial irregularity involving the House and receive audit reports of the inspector general. Questions of Privilege. Under Rule IX, clause 2, a resolution \"\"offered as a question of privilege by the Majority Leader or", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 42 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19154826", "chunk_text": "\"Structure of the United States Congress\"\nof major House committees: Major Senate committees Major House committees At the beginning of each two-year Congress, the House of Representatives elects a speaker. The speaker does not normally preside over debates, but is, rather, the leader of the majority party in the House. The Vice President of the United States is, ex officio, President of the Senate. The Senate also elects a President pro tempore. For decades the person elected has been the most senior member of the majority party in the Senate, and has held office until he or she ceases to be a senator or a new", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 43 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16234119", "chunk_text": "\"United States House of Representatives\"\nthe opposition\"\". Some notable examples include Tip O'Neill in the 1980s, Newt Gingrich in the 1990s, and John Boehner in the 2010s. Since the Speaker is a partisan officer with substantial power to control the business of the House, the position is often used for partisan advantage. In the instance when the Presidency and both Houses of Congress are controlled by one party, the Speaker normally takes a low profile and defers to the President. For that situation the House Minority Leader can play the role of a \"\"de facto\"\" \"\"leader of the opposition\"\", often more so than the Senate", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 44 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4178955", "chunk_text": "\"Speaker of the United States House of Representatives\"\n2018, Ryan announced he would not seek re-election in the 2018 mid-terms, and will also relinquish the office of Speaker when his term ends in 2019. The House of Representatives elects the Speaker of the House on the first day of every new Congress and in the event of the death, resignation or removal from the Chair of an incumbent Speaker. The Clerk of the House of Representatives requests nominations: there are normally two, one from each major party (each party having previously met to decide on its nominee). The Clerk then calls the roll of the Representatives, each Representative", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 45 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6967960", "chunk_text": "\"United States House of Representatives\"\nthe President if no presidential candidate receives a majority of votes in the Electoral College. The Twelfth Amendment requires the House to choose from the three candidates with the highest numbers of electoral votes. The Constitution provides that \"\"the votes shall be taken by states, the representation from each state having one vote.\"\" It is rare for no presidential candidate to receive a majority of electoral votes. In the history of the United States, the House has only had to choose a President twice. In 1800, which was before the adoption of the Twelfth Amendment, it elected Thomas Jefferson over", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 46 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14312035", "chunk_text": "\"United States Congress\"\ntwo–chamber or \"\"bicameral\"\" congress. Smaller states argued for equal representation for each state. The two-chamber structure had functioned well in state governments. A compromise plan was adopted with representatives chosen by population (benefiting larger states) and exactly two senators chosen by state governments (benefiting smaller states). The ratified constitution created a federal structure with two overlapping power centers so that each citizen \"\"as an individual\"\" was subjected to both the power of state government and the national government. To protect against abuse of power, each branch of government—executive, legislative, and judicial—had a separate sphere of authority and could check other", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 47 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "614992", "chunk_text": "\"United States congressional conference committee\"\nTo conclude its business, a majority of both House and Senate delegations to the conference must indicate their approval by signing the conference report. The authority to appoint conferees lies in the entire House, and the entire Senate can appoint conferees by adopting a debatable motion to do so. But leadership have increasingly exercised authority in the appointment of conferees. The House and Senate may instruct conferees, but these instructions are not binding. Conference committees can be extremely contentious, particularly if the houses are controlled by different parties. House rules require that one conference meeting be open to the public,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 48 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7519312", "chunk_text": "\"Floor leader\"\nthe Philippines. They do not represent political parties but rather political groupings within each body. In the United States Senate, they are elected by their respective party conferences to serve as the chief Senate spokespeople for their parties and to manage and schedule the legislative and executive business of the Senate. By custom, the Presiding Officer gives the floor leaders priority in obtaining recognition to speak on the floor of the Senate. In the Senate's two-party system, the floor leaders are the spokespeople from both major parties, elected by their parties. As well serve essentially as executives of their parties", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 49 } ]
test_3569	three act puccini opera first performed in 1900?	n/a	[ "Tosca" ]	[]	n/a	n/a	n/a	[]	[ { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7583209", "chunk_text": "\"Giacomo Puccini\"\nbohème\"\", a four-act opera based on the 1851 book by Henri Murger, \"\"La Vie de Bohème\"\". \"\"La bohème\"\" premiered in Turin in 1896, conducted by Arturo Toscanini. Within a few years, it had been performed throughout many of the leading opera houses of Europe, including Britain, as well as in the United States. It was a popular success, and remains one of the most frequently performed operas ever written. The libretto of the opera, freely adapted from Murger's episodic novel, combines comic elements of the impoverished life of the young protagonists with the tragic aspects, such as the death of", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 0 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16117641", "chunk_text": "\"La bohème\"\nLa bohème La bohème (, ) is an opera in four acts, composed by Giacomo Puccini to an Italian libretto by Luigi Illica and Giuseppe Giacosa, based on \"\"Scènes de la vie de bohème\"\" by Henri Murger. The world premiere of \"\"La bohème\"\" was in Turin on 1 February 1896 at the Teatro Regio, conducted by the 28-year-old Arturo Toscanini; its U.S. premiere took place the following year, 1897, in Los Angeles. Since then, \"\"La bohème\"\" has become part of the standard Italian opera repertory and is one of the most frequently performed operas worldwide. In 1946, fifty years after", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 1 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10669754", "chunk_text": "Tosca\nTosca Tosca is an opera in three acts by Giacomo Puccini to an Italian libretto by Luigi Illica and Giuseppe Giacosa. It premiered at the Teatro Costanzi in Rome on 14 January 1900. The work, based on Victorien Sardou's 1887 French-language dramatic play, \"\"La Tosca\"\", is a melodramatic piece set in Rome in June 1800, with the Kingdom of Naples's control of Rome threatened by Napoleon's invasion of Italy. It contains depictions of torture, murder and suicide, as well as some of Puccini's best-known lyrical arias. Puccini saw Sardou's play when it was touring Italy in 1889 and, after some", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 2 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14871228", "chunk_text": "\"Giacomo Puccini\"\nGiacomo Puccini Giacomo Antonio Domenico Michele Secondo Maria Puccini (; 22 December 1858 29 November 1924) was an Italian opera composer who has been called \"\"the greatest composer of Italian opera after Verdi\"\". Puccini's early work was rooted in traditional late-19th-century romantic Italian opera. Later, he successfully developed his work in the realistic \"\"verismo\"\" style, of which he became one of the leading exponents. Puccini's most renowned works are \"\"La bohème\"\" (1896), \"\"Tosca\"\" (1900), \"\"Madama Butterfly\"\" (1904), and \"\"Turandot\"\" (1924), all of which are among the important operas played as standards. Puccini was born Giacomo Antonio Domenico Michele Secondo Maria", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 3 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14871274", "chunk_text": "\"Giacomo Puccini\"\nan opera. A modern reviewer described \"\"La rondine\"\" as \"\"a continuous fabric of lilting waltz tunes, catchy pop-styled melodies, and nostalgic love music,\"\" while characterizing the plot as recycling characters and incidents from works like 'La traviata' and 'Die Fledermaus'. In 1918, \"\"Il trittico\"\" premiered in New York. This work is composed of three one-act operas, each concerning the concealment of a death: a horrific episode (\"\"Il tabarro\"\") in the style of the Parisian Grand Guignol, a sentimental tragedy (\"\"Suor Angelica\"\"), and a comedy (\"\"Gianni Schicchi\"\"). Of the three, \"\"Gianni Schicchi\"\", containing the popular aria \"\"O mio babbino caro\"\", has", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 4 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12955515", "chunk_text": "Tosca\nnever hears. Notes Sources Tosca Tosca is an opera in three acts by Giacomo Puccini to an Italian libretto by Luigi Illica and Giuseppe Giacosa. It premiered at the Teatro Costanzi in Rome on 14 January 1900. The work, based on Victorien Sardou's 1887 French-language dramatic play, \"\"La Tosca\"\", is a melodramatic piece set in Rome in June 1800, with the Kingdom of Naples's control of Rome threatened by Napoleon's invasion of Italy. It contains depictions of torture, murder and suicide, as well as some of Puccini's best-known lyrical arias. Puccini saw Sardou's play when it was touring Italy in", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 5 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14871295", "chunk_text": "\"Giacomo Puccini\"\nline. \"\"Verismo\"\" is a style of Italian opera that began in 1890 with the first performance of Mascagni's \"\"Cavalleria rusticana\"\", peaked in the early 1900s, and lingered into the 1920s. The style is distinguished by realistic – sometimes sordid or violent – depictions of everyday life, especially the life of the contemporary lower classes. It by and large rejects the historical or mythical subjects associated with Romanticism. \"\"Cavalleria rusticana\"\", \"\"Pagliacci\"\", and \"\"Andrea Chénier\"\" are uniformly considered to be \"\"verismo\"\" operas. Puccini's career as a composer is almost entirely coincident in time with the \"\"verismo\"\" movement. Only his \"\"Le Villi\"\" and", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 6 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8582022", "chunk_text": "\"Giacomo Puccini\"\nprimary composition in 1887 and orchestration in 1888. \"\"Edgar\"\" premiered at La Scala on 21 April 1889 to a lukewarm response. The work was withdrawn for revisions after its third performance. In a Milanese newspaper, Giulio Ricordi published a defense of Puccini's skill as a composer, while criticizing Fontana's libretto. A revised version met with success at the Teatro del Giglio in Puccini's native Lucca on 5 September 1891. In 1892, further revisions reduced the length of the opera from four acts to three, in a version that was well received in Ferrara and was performed in Turin and in", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 7 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9912517", "chunk_text": "\"Madama Butterfly\"\nthe following action. Butterfly takes the knife and walks behind the screen. The knife clatters to the floor as Butterfly staggers from behind the screen with a scarf around her neck. She kisses her child and collapses. From outside, Pinkerton cries, \"\"Butterfly!\"\" and rushes in – but it is too late: Butterfly is dead. Madama Butterfly Madama Butterfly (; \"\"Madam Butterfly\"\") is an opera in three acts (originally two) by Giacomo Puccini, with an Italian libretto by Luigi Illica and Giuseppe Giacosa. It is based on the short story \"\"Madame Butterfly\"\" (1898) by John Luther Long, which in turn was", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 8 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16119603", "chunk_text": "\"Madama Butterfly\"\nMadama Butterfly Madama Butterfly (; \"\"Madam Butterfly\"\") is an opera in three acts (originally two) by Giacomo Puccini, with an Italian libretto by Luigi Illica and Giuseppe Giacosa. It is based on the short story \"\"Madame Butterfly\"\" (1898) by John Luther Long, which in turn was based on stories told to Long by his sister Jennie Correll and on the semi-autobiographical 1887 French novel \"\"Madame Chrysanthème\"\" by Pierre Loti. Long's version was dramatized by David Belasco as the one-act play \"\"Madame Butterfly: A Tragedy of Japan\"\", which, after premiering in New York in 1900, moved to London, where Puccini saw", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 9 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8582043", "chunk_text": "\"Giacomo Puccini\"\nthe opera, \"\"Ch'ella mi creda\"\", has become a staple of compilation albums by operatic tenors. It is said that during World War I, Italian soldiers sang this aria to maintain their spirits. The 2008 Italian film, \"\"Puccini e la fanciulla\"\" (\"\"Puccini and the Girl\"\"), is based on the period of his life when he was composing the opera. Puccini completed the score of \"\"La rondine\"\", to a libretto by Giuseppe Adami in 1916 after two years of work, and it was premiered at the Grand Théâtre de Monte Carlo on 27 March 1917. The opera had been originally commissioned by", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 10 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1931294", "chunk_text": "\"Madama Butterfly\"\nperformance on 28 May 1904 in Brescia. \"\"Madama Butterfly\"\" is a staple of the operatic repertoire around the world, ranked 6th by Operabase; Puccini's \"\"La bohème\"\" and \"\"Tosca\"\" rank 3rd and 5th. Puccini wrote five versions of the opera. The original two-act version, which was presented at the world premiere at La Scala on 17 February 1904, was withdrawn after the disastrous premiere. Puccini then substantially rewrote it, this time in three acts. This second version was performed on 28 May 1904 in Brescia, where it was a great success. It was this second version that premiered in the United", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 11 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2951913", "chunk_text": "\"Festival Puccini\"\nFestival Puccini The Festival Puccini (Puccini Festival) is an annual summer opera festival held in July and August to present the operas of the famous Italian composer Giacomo Puccini. The Festival is located in Torre del Lago, Italy, a town located between Lago di Massaciuccoli and the Tyrrhenian Sea, from the beaches of Viareggio on the Tuscan Riviera and from Pisa and Lucca, Puccini's birthplace. In presenting four or five performances of up to four operatic productions each season, the Festival attracts about forty thousand spectators to its open-air theatre, the \"\"Teatro dei Quattromila\"\" (so named for its seating capacity,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 12 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17177072", "chunk_text": "\"Franco Alfano\"\nFranco Alfano Franco Alfano (8 March 1875 in Posillipo, Naples – 27 October 1954 in Sanremo) was an Italian composer and pianist, best known today for his opera \"\"Risurrezione\"\" (1904) and above all for having completed Puccini's opera \"\"Turandot\"\" in 1926. He had considerable success with several of his own works during his lifetime. Alfano was born in Posillipo, Naples. He attended piano lessons given privately by Alessandro Longo, and harmony and composition respectively under Camillo de Nardis (1857–1951) and Paolo Serrao at the conservatory San Pietro a Majella in Naples. Later, after graduating, he pursued further composition studies with", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 13 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11121397", "chunk_text": "\"Gianni Schicchi\"\nGianni Schicchi Gianni Schicchi () is a comic opera in one act by Giacomo Puccini to an Italian libretto by Giovacchino Forzano, composed in 1917–18. The libretto is based on an incident mentioned in Dante's \"\"Divine Comedy\"\". The work is the third and final part of Puccini's \"\"Il trittico\"\" (The Triptych)—three one-act operas with contrasting themes, originally written to be presented together. Although it continues to be performed with one or both of the other \"\"trittico\"\" operas, \"\"Gianni Schicchi\"\" is now more frequently staged either alone or with short operas by other composers. The aria \"\"O mio babbino caro\"\" is", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 14 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17461047", "chunk_text": "\"Franco Alfano\"\nbeing more in keeping with Puccini's evolving technique. See also List of operas by Franco Alfano. Operas Other compositions Notes Franco Alfano Franco Alfano (8 March 1875 in Posillipo, Naples – 27 October 1954 in Sanremo) was an Italian composer and pianist, best known today for his opera \"\"Risurrezione\"\" (1904) and above all for having completed Puccini's opera \"\"Turandot\"\" in 1926. He had considerable success with several of his own works during his lifetime. Alfano was born in Posillipo, Naples. He attended piano lessons given privately by Alessandro Longo, and harmony and composition respectively under Camillo de Nardis (1857–1951) and", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 15 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11889210", "chunk_text": "\"E lucevan le stelle\"\nwith the song, arguing that the melody was lifted from \"\"\"\". Puccini and his publisher prevailed in the case and were awarded $25,000 in damages and all future royalties for the song. E lucevan le stelle \"\"\"\" (\"\"And the stars were shining\"\") is a romantic aria from the third act of Giacomo Puccini's opera \"\"Tosca\"\" from 1900, composed to an Italian libretto by Luigi Illica and Giuseppe Giacosa. It is sung by Mario Cavaradossi (tenor), a painter in love with the singer Tosca, while he waits for his execution on the roof of Castel Sant'Angelo. Written in B minor, it", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 16 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8582083", "chunk_text": "\"Giacomo Puccini\"\nthe USA, the American Center for Puccini Studies specializes in the presentation of unusual performing editions of composer's works and introduces neglected or unknown Puccini pieces. It was founded in 2004 by the singer and director Harry Dunstan. Sources Giacomo Puccini Giacomo Antonio Domenico Michele Secondo Maria Puccini (; 22 December 1858 29 November 1924) was an Italian opera composer who has been called \"\"the greatest composer of Italian opera after Verdi\"\". Puccini's early work was rooted in traditional late-19th-century romantic Italian opera. Later, he successfully developed his work in the realistic \"\"verismo\"\" style, of which he became one of", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 17 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14615914", "chunk_text": "\"Castel Sant'Angelo\"\nseen in an open court in the interior of the Castle. The Papal state also used Sant'Angelo as a prison; Giordano Bruno, for example, was imprisoned there for six years. Another prisoner was the sculptor and goldsmith Benvenuto Cellini. Executions were performed in the small inner courtyard. As a prison, it was also the setting for the third act of Giacomo Puccini's 1900 opera \"\"Tosca\"\"; the eponymous heroine leaps to her death from the Castel's ramparts. Decommissioned in 1901, the castle is now a museum, the \"\"Museo Nazionale di Castel Sant'Angelo\"\". It received 1,234,443 visitors in 2016. Castel Sant'Angelo The", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 18 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16119604", "chunk_text": "\"Madama Butterfly\"\nit in the summer of that year. The original version of the opera, in two acts, had its premiere on 17 February 1904 at Teatro alla Scala in Milan. It was poorly received, despite such notable singers as soprano Rosina Storchio, tenor Giovanni Zenatello and baritone Giuseppe De Luca in lead roles; this was due in part to a late completion by Puccini, and thus inadequate time for rehearsals. Puccini revised the opera, splitting Act II into two (with the Humming Chorus as a bridge to what became Act III) and making other changes. Success ensued, starting with the first", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 19 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12175744", "chunk_text": "\"Italian opera\"\nrevisited, history was retold and imagination was stimulated. The strength of it fell into a more violent era for opera: verismo, with \"\"Cavalleria rusticana\"\" by Pietro Mascagni and \"\"Pagliacci\"\" by Ruggero Leoncavallo. Some of the greatest Italian operas of the 20th century were written by Giacomo Puccini (1858–1924). These include \"\"Manon Lescaut\"\", \"\"La bohème\"\", \"\"Tosca\"\", \"\"Madama Butterfly\"\", \"\"La fanciulla del West\"\", \"\"La rondine\"\" and \"\"Turandot\"\", the last two being left unfinished. In 1926 and in 2002 Franco Alfano and Luciano Berio respectively attempted a completion of \"\"Turandot\"\", and in 1994 Lorenzo Ferrero completed the orchestration of the third version of", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 20 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8582040", "chunk_text": "\"Giacomo Puccini\"\nreferred to her well publicised affair with Arturo Toscanini. This version was in two acts; after its disastrous premiere, Puccini withdrew the opera, revising it for what was virtually a second premiere at Brescia in May 1904 and performances in Buenos Aires, London, the USA and Paris. In 1907, Puccini made his final revisions to the opera in a fifth version, which has become known as the \"\"standard version\"\". Today, the standard version of the opera is the version most often performed around the world. However, the original 1904 version is occasionally performed as well, and has been recorded. After", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 21 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1931370", "chunk_text": "Turandot\nTurandot Turandot (; ; ) is an opera in three acts by Giacomo Puccini, completed by Franco Alfano, and set to a libretto in Italian by Giuseppe Adami and Renato Simoni. Though Puccini's first interest in the subject was based on his reading of Friedrich Schiller's 1801 adaptation of the play, his work is most nearly based on the earlier text \"\"Turandot\"\" (1762) by Count Carlo Gozzi. The original story is based on one of the seven stories in the epic \"\"Haft Peykar\"\" (\"\"The Seven Beauties\"\"), a work of 12th-century Persian poet Nizami. Nizami aligned the seven stories with the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 22 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14845285", "chunk_text": "\"Il trittico\"\nIl trittico Il trittico (\"\"The Triptych\"\") is the title of a collection of three one-act operas, \"\"Il tabarro\"\", \"\"Suor Angelica\"\", and \"\"Gianni Schicchi\"\", by Giacomo Puccini. The work received its world premiere at the Metropolitan Opera on 14 December 1918. Around 1904, Puccini first began planning a set of one-act operas, largely because of the success of Pietro Mascagni's \"\"Cavalleria rusticana\"\". Originally, he planned to write each opera to reflect one of the parts of Dante's \"\"Divine Comedy\"\". However, he eventually based only \"\"Gianni Schicchi\"\" on Dante's epic poem. The link in the final work is that each opera deals", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 23 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7584829", "chunk_text": "\"Le maschere\"\nLe maschere Le maschere (\"\"The Masks\"\") is an opera in a Prologue and three acts by Pietro Mascagni to an Italian libretto by Luigi Illica. The work was Mascagni's homage to Rossini and to the Italian opera buffa and commedia dell'arte traditions. It was premiered simultaneously in six Italian opera houses on 17 January 1901: La Scala (with Caruso as Florindo, Carelli as Rosaura, and Toscanini conducting); the Teatro Carlo Felice in Genoa; the Teatro Regio in Turin; the Teatro Costanzi in Rome; La Fenice in Venice; and the Teatro Filarmonico in Verona. Two days later, it premiered at the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 24 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8891344", "chunk_text": "\"Gli Orazi e i Curiazi\"\nGli Orazi e i Curiazi Gli Orazi e i Curiazi (\"\"The Horatii and the Curiatii\"\") is an opera in three acts (\"\"azione tragica\"\") composed by Domenico Cimarosa to a libretto by Antonio Simeone Sografi, based on Pierre Corneille's tragedy \"\"Horace\"\". The opera was first staged on 26 December 1796 at the Teatro La Fenice in Venice. The première was so unsuccessful that Cimarosa, disappointed, decided to leave the town immediately. The run of the following performances, however, turned into a big success, as would happen twenty years later with Rossini’s \"\"The Barber of Seville\"\". At least 49 performances were held", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 25 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11119903", "chunk_text": "\"Edgar (opera)\"\nEdgar (opera) Edgar is an operatic \"\"dramma lirico\"\" in three acts (originally four acts) by Giacomo Puccini to an Italian libretto by Ferdinando Fontana, freely based on the play in verse \"\"La Coupe et les lèvres\"\" by Alfred de Musset. The first performance was given at the Teatro alla Scala in Milan on 21 April 1889. The opera was not a success. Puccini repeatedly revised it, before eventually giving up in frustration, declaring the work irredeemable. \"\"Edgar\"\", Puccini's second opera, was composed on a commission from the publisher Ricordi after the successful reception of his first stage work, \"\"Le Villi\"\".", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 26 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2724909", "chunk_text": "\"La bohème\"\n2 the entire audience and cast moved downstairs to the pub itself, with the pub's patrons serving as extras in the Cafe Momus scene. In 2010 it transferred to the West End's Soho Theatre for two sell-out seasons and won a Laurence Olivier Award. The production was revived at the Soho Theatre in 2011 and at the Charing Cross Theatre in 2012. Annotations Notes Sources La bohème La bohème (, ) is an opera in four acts, composed by Giacomo Puccini to an Italian libretto by Luigi Illica and Giuseppe Giacosa, based on \"\"Scènes de la vie de bohème\"\" by", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 27 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2951920", "chunk_text": "\"Festival Puccini\"\npresented two major new productions, \"\"Madama Butterfly\"\" and \"\"Tosca\"\". In addition, the program included Puccini's first opera, \"\"Le Villi\"\", presented in concert, with performances by Katia Ricciarelli and Josè Cura. In 2004 the Puccini Festival celebrated its 50th anniversary by a season featuring two great events: one was a new production of \"\"Madama Butterfly\"\" celebrating the centenary of its première in Brescia on 28 May 1904. It was conducted by Plácido Domingo with Daniela Dessì and Fabio Armiliato in the leading roles. The second was a special evening dedicated to Puccini's heroines, presenting the most beloved arias from the Maestro's", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 28 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3250566", "chunk_text": "\"Le Villi\"\nproducing a new version later that year, which was followed by modifications in 1885, and the final version in 1889. A performance typically lasts 64 minutes. In the libretto, each part of the symphonic intermezzo between Acts 1 and 2 – \"\"L'Abbandono\"\" (The Desertion) and \"\"La tregenda\"\" (The Spectre) – is preceded by explanatory verses recounting the intervening events. Michele Girardi, citing a letter from Fontana to Puccini on 3 September 1884, has pointed out that the librettist intended for these to be read by the audience but not actually recited by a narrator. But according to Mosco Carner, Puccini", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 29 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11889208", "chunk_text": "\"E lucevan le stelle\"\nE lucevan le stelle \"\"\"\" (\"\"And the stars were shining\"\") is a romantic aria from the third act of Giacomo Puccini's opera \"\"Tosca\"\" from 1900, composed to an Italian libretto by Luigi Illica and Giuseppe Giacosa. It is sung by Mario Cavaradossi (tenor), a painter in love with the singer Tosca, while he waits for his execution on the roof of Castel Sant'Angelo. Written in B minor, it is one of the most famous opera arias. The vocal range extends from F to A. The aria is considered part of the spinto tenor repertoire. The aria is introduced by a", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 30 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18266130", "chunk_text": "\"Amazon Theatre\"\n1885 to 1892. By 1895, when the masonry work and exterior were completed, the decoration of the interior and the installation of electric lighting could begin more rapidly. The theatre was inaugurated on December 31, 1896, with the first performance occurring on January 7, 1897, with the Italian opera, \"\"La Gioconda\"\", by Amilcare Ponchielli. The theatre's architectural style is considered typically Renaissance Revival. The roofing tiles were imported from Alsace, the steel walls from Glasgow, Scotland and the Carrara marble for the stairs, statues and columns, from Italy. The dome is covered with 36,000 decorated ceramic tiles painted in the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 31 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8582076", "chunk_text": "\"Giacomo Puccini\"\nAlberto Franchetti (1860–1942). Only three composers, and three works, by Italian contemporaries of Puccini appear on the Operabase list of most-performed works: \"\"Cavalleria rusticana\"\" by Mascagni, \"\"Pagliacci\"\" by Ruggero Leoncavallo, and \"\"Andrea Chénier\"\" by Umberto Giordano. Kobbé contrasted Puccini's ability to achieve \"\"sustained\"\" success with the failure of Mascagni and Leoncavallo to produce more than merely \"\"one sensationally successful short opera.\"\" By the time of Puccini's death in 1924, he had earned $4 million from his works. Although the popular success of Puccini's work is undeniable, and his mastery of the craft of composition has been consistently recognized, opinion among", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 32 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7583203", "chunk_text": "\"Giacomo Puccini\"\nThe performance was enough of a success that Casa Ricordi purchased the opera. Revised into a two-act version with an intermezzo between the acts, \"\"Le Villi\"\" was performed at La Scala in Milan, on 24 January 1885. However, Ricordi did not publish the score until 1887, hindering further performance of the work. Giulio Ricordi, head of G. Ricordi & Co. music publishers, was sufficiently impressed with \"\"Le Villi\"\" and its young composer that he commissioned a second opera, which would result in \"\"Edgar\"\". Work was begun in 1884 when Fontana began working out the scenario for the libretto. Puccini finished", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 33 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14871262", "chunk_text": "\"Giacomo Puccini\"\nparticular characters and emotions, which have been compared to Wagnerian leitmotivs, and some contemporaries saw Puccini as thereby adopting a new musical style influenced by Wagner. Others viewed the work differently. Rejecting the allegation that \"\"Tosca\"\" displayed Wagnerian influences, a critic reporting on the 20 February 1900 Torino premiere wrote: \"\"I don't think you could find a more Puccinian score than this.\"\" On 25 February 1903, Puccini was seriously injured in a car crash during a nighttime journey on the road from Lucca to Torre del Lago. The car was driven by Puccini's chauffeur and was carrying Puccini, his future", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 34 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15724008", "chunk_text": "\"Suor Angelica\"\nsources Suor Angelica Suor Angelica (Sister Angelica) is an opera in one act by Giacomo Puccini to an original Italian libretto by Giovacchino Forzano. It is the second opera of the trio of operas known as \"\"Il trittico\"\" (\"\"Triptych\"\"). It received its world premiere at the Metropolitan Opera on December 14, 1918. The opera opens with scenes showing typical aspects of life in the convent – all the sisters sing hymns, the Monitor scolds two lay-sisters, everyone gathers for recreation in the courtyard. The sisters rejoice because, as the mistress of novices explains, this is the first of three evenings", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 35 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14871298", "chunk_text": "\"Giacomo Puccini\"\nBecause only three \"\"verismo\"\" works by Puccini continue to appear regularly on stage (the aforementioned \"\"Cavalleria rusticana\"\", \"\"Pagliacci\"\", and \"\"Andrea Chénier\"\"), Puccini's contribution has had lasting significance to the genre. Both during his lifetime and in posterity, Puccini's success outstripped other Italian opera composers of his time, and he has been matched in this regard by only a handful of composers in the entire history of opera. Eleven of Puccini's operas are numbered among the 200 most-performed operas (worldwide, by composers of any nationality, as surveyed by Operabase). Three of his works (\"\"La bohème\"\", \"\"Tosca\"\", and \"\"Madama Butterfly\"\") rank among", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 36 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4070356", "chunk_text": "\"Germania (opera)\"\nGermania (opera) Germania is an operatic \"\"dramma lirico\"\" consisting of a prologue, two acts, an intermezzo and an epilogue by Alberto Franchetti to an Italian libretto by Luigi Illica. The opera premiered on 11 March 1902 at the Teatro alla Scala in Milan. Illica, known for penning the librettos for some of Giacomo Puccini's best loved operas, originally gave the libretto for \"\"Tosca\"\" to Franchetti after the latter had obtained the rights to the Victorien Sardou play on which it was based. However, after Puccini expressed interest in it, Franchetti relinquished his rights, and Illica gave the composer \"\"Germania\"\" instead.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 37 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6457785", "chunk_text": "\"Union Avenue Opera\"\nof Giacomo Puccini's \"\"La bohème\"\" sung in Italian, Union Avenue Opera Theatre began its ongoing practice of presenting opera in the original language with projected English supertitles. Between 1998 and 2003, Union Avenue Opera Theatre usually produced one to two full productions per summer along with a concert staging of an operetta. For the company's 10th season in 2004, Schoonover expanded the season to three full productions in the summer. It was also during this season that, as a nod to the company's inaugural season, \"\"Dido and Aeneas\"\" appeared once again in the repertory to critical acclaim. In 2005, the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 38 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14846132", "chunk_text": "\"Suor Angelica\"\nSuor Angelica Suor Angelica (Sister Angelica) is an opera in one act by Giacomo Puccini to an original Italian libretto by Giovacchino Forzano. It is the second opera of the trio of operas known as \"\"Il trittico\"\" (\"\"Triptych\"\"). It received its world premiere at the Metropolitan Opera on December 14, 1918. The opera opens with scenes showing typical aspects of life in the convent – all the sisters sing hymns, the Monitor scolds two lay-sisters, everyone gathers for recreation in the courtyard. The sisters rejoice because, as the mistress of novices explains, this is the first of three evenings that", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 39 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2195377", "chunk_text": "\"Cavalleria rusticana\"\nof \"\"The Godfather Part III\"\", which also featured a performance of the opera as a key part of the film's climax. Cavalleria rusticana Cavalleria rusticana (; Italian for \"\"rustic chivalry\"\") is an opera in one act by Pietro Mascagni to an Italian libretto by Giovanni Targioni-Tozzetti and Guido Menasci, adapted from an 1880 and subsequent play by Giovanni Verga. Considered one of the classic \"\"verismo\"\" operas, it premiered on 17 May 1890 at the Teatro Costanzi in Rome. Since 1893, it has often been performed in a so-called \"\"Cav/Pag\"\" double-bill with \"\"Pagliacci\"\" by Ruggero Leoncavallo. In July 1888 the Milanese", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 40 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17979164", "chunk_text": "Rigoletto\nRigoletto Rigoletto () is an opera in three acts by Giuseppe Verdi. The Italian libretto was written by Francesco Maria Piave based on the play \"\"Le roi s'amuse\"\" by Victor Hugo. Despite serious initial problems with the Austrian censors who had control over northern Italian theatres at the time, the opera had a triumphant premiere at La Fenice in Venice on 11 March 1851. It is widely considered to be the first of the operatic masterpieces of Verdi's middle-to-late career. Its tragic story revolves around the licentious Duke of Mantua, his hunch-backed court jester Rigoletto, and Rigoletto's beautiful daughter Gilda.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 41 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15752505", "chunk_text": "\"Le maschere\"\nBerdini, Afro Poli.) Conductor Bruno Bartoletti. Trieste, 1961. Gala GL 100.731 Notes Sources Le maschere Le maschere (\"\"The Masks\"\") is an opera in a Prologue and three acts by Pietro Mascagni to an Italian libretto by Luigi Illica. The work was Mascagni's homage to Rossini and to the Italian opera buffa and commedia dell'arte traditions. It was premiered simultaneously in six Italian opera houses on 17 January 1901: La Scala (with Caruso as Florindo, Carelli as Rosaura, and Toscanini conducting); the Teatro Carlo Felice in Genoa; the Teatro Regio in Turin; the Teatro Costanzi in Rome; La Fenice in Venice;", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 42 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3447496", "chunk_text": "\"Cesare Pugni\"\n(1845); \"\"La Carnival de Venise pas de deux\"\" (also known as \"\"Satanella pas de deux\"\") (1859); the \"\"Diane and Actéon Pas de Deux\"\" (1868); and his additional music for the ballet \"\"Le Corsaire\"\" (1863 and 1868). Cesare Pugni Cesare Pugni () (; 31 May 1802–) born in Genoa, was an Italian composer of ballet music, a pianist and a violinist. In his early career he composed operas, symphonies, and various other forms of orchestral music. Pugni is most noted for the ballets he composed for Her Majesty's Theatre in London (1843–1850), and for the Imperial Theatres in St. Petersburg, Russia", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 43 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17116929", "chunk_text": "\"Madame Butterfly (play)\"\nMadame Butterfly (play) Madame Butterfly: A Tragedy of Japan is a play in one act by David Belasco adapted from John Luther Long's 1898 short story \"\"Madame Butterfly\"\". It premiered on March 5, 1900, at the Herald Square Theatre in New York City and became one of Belasco's most famous works. The play and Long's short story served as the basis for the libretto of Puccini's 1904 opera, \"\"Madama Butterfly\"\". The title role was originally played in New York and London by Blanche Bates; in 1900–01 in New York by Valerie Bergere; and in 1913 by Clara Blandick. \"\"Madame Butterfly\"\"", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 44 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15086481", "chunk_text": "\"Teatro Dal Verme\"\ntraditional horseshoe shape, with two tiers of boxes and a large gallery (or \"\"loggione\"\") which alone contained more than 1000 seats. It opened on September 14, 1872 with a production of Meyerbeer's \"\"Les Huguenots\"\" and soon established itself as one of Italy's most important opera houses. During its \"\"golden years\"\", the theatre saw the world premieres of Puccini's \"\"Le Villi\"\" (May 31, 1884); Leoncavallo's \"\"Pagliacci\"\" (May 21, 1892) and \"\"I Medici\"\" (November 9, 1893); and Cowen's \"\"Signa\"\" (November 12, 1893). It also saw the Italian premiere of Lehár's \"\"The Merry Widow\"\" (April 27, 1907). By the 1930s, the theatre was", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 45 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11121398", "chunk_text": "\"Gianni Schicchi\"\none of Puccini's best known, and one of the most popular arias in opera. Puccini had long considered writing a set of one-act operas which would be performed together in a single evening, but faced with a lack of suitable subjects and opposition from his publisher, he repeatedly put the project aside. However, by 1916 Puccini had completed the one-act tragedy \"\"Il tabarro\"\" and, after considering various ideas, he began work the following year on the solemn, religious, all-female opera \"\"Suor Angelica\"\". \"\"Gianni Schicchi\"\", a comedy, completes the triptych with a further contrast of mood. The score combines elements of", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 46 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12999289", "chunk_text": "\"Semirâma\"\nSemirâma Semirâma is an opera in three acts by Ottorino Respighi to a libretto by Alessandro Cerè based on Voltaire's 1748 play \"\"Sémiramis\"\", the same subject used for Rossini's Semiramide. \"\"Semirâma\"\" premiered on 20 November 1910 at the Teatro Comunale in Bologna. The première obtained a great success, with several calls for the composer and the singers. In this opera, which often exploits the exotic cues offered by the subject, it is possible to find influences of the French music of its epoch and of \"\"Salome\"\" by Richard Strauss. \"\"Semirâma\"\" is scored for the following instruments: piccolo, 2 flutes ,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 47 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8553760", "chunk_text": "\"Gianni Schicchi\"\ntongue-in-cheek quotations from other works, ranging from Mozart to Sondheim, plus one unmistakable interjection of Shostakovich.\"\" It has been performed throughout the U.S., paired with \"\"Gianni Schicchi\"\". Notes Sources Gianni Schicchi Gianni Schicchi () is a comic opera in one act by Giacomo Puccini to an Italian libretto by Giovacchino Forzano, composed in 1917–18. The libretto is based on an incident mentioned in Dante's \"\"Divine Comedy\"\". The work is the third and final part of Puccini's \"\"Il trittico\"\" (The Triptych)—three one-act operas with contrasting themes, originally written to be presented together. Although it continues to be performed with one or", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 48 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3387630", "chunk_text": "\"Santa Fe Opera\"\nJohn Crosby, who was a New York-based conductor, founded the company in 1956, initially with the financial support of his parents, who helped in the acquisition of the land and the building of the first opera house. One goal was to give American singers the opportunity to learn and perform new roles while having ample time for rehearsal and preparation in the context of a summer festival situation with the presentation of five operas in repertory. Its first season began on 3 July 1957 with a performance of Puccini's \"\"Madama Butterfly\"\". Crosby remained as general director until 2000, the longest", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 49 } ]
test_3570	who has a ring of power in lotr?	n/a	[ "Sauron" ]	[]	n/a	n/a	n/a	[]	[ { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8057887", "chunk_text": "\"Rings of Power\"\nof three remaining realms of the Eldar. Vilya was used by Elrond in Rivendell, Nenya by Galadriel in Lothlórien, and Narya by Círdan in Lindon. When the Istari, or wizards, arrived about , Círdan gave Narya to Gandalf, who bore it until the end of the Third Age. During the period of \"\"The Lord of the Rings\"\", the Three were borne by Elrond, Galadriel, and Gandalf; but until the end of the book their rings are not seen. Only Frodo, the bearer of the One, sees Galadriel's ring, and only when she draws his attention to it. At the end", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 0 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5148848", "chunk_text": "\"Rings of Power\"\nbeing cast using a cuttlebone mold, an ancient primitive casting technique. Additionally, Tolkien illustrators John Howe and Alan Lee, employed as conceptual designers for the films, have cameos as two of the nine human Ring-bearers who become Nazgûl. Rings of Power The Rings of Power in J. R. R. Tolkien's Middle-earth legendarium are magic rings created by Sauron or by the Elves of Eregion under Sauron's tutelage. Sauron intended three of the rings to be worn by Elves, Seven by Dwarves, Nine by Men, and one, the One Ring, by Sauron himself in Mordor. Sauron intended the rings to subvert", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 1 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19272380", "chunk_text": "\"Rings of Power\"\nof the book, these three take their rings, now visible and powerless, over the sea to the Undying Lands. Although the Verse of the Rings describes \"\"Three Rings for the Elven-kings\"\", the only Elven king who actually held a ring was Gil-galad. He held both Vilya and Narya, but entrusted them to Elrond and Círdan before perishing in Mordor. Unlike the other Rings of Power, the One was unadorned. It bore only the inscription of the incantation Sauron spoke when he made it, and even that was invisible unless the ring was heated. Though the other rings could be destroyed", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 2 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19272370", "chunk_text": "\"Rings of Power\"\nRings of Power The Rings of Power in J. R. R. Tolkien's Middle-earth legendarium are magic rings created by Sauron or by the Elves of Eregion under Sauron's tutelage. Sauron intended three of the rings to be worn by Elves, Seven by Dwarves, Nine by Men, and one, the One Ring, by Sauron himself in Mordor. Sauron intended the rings to subvert these races of Middle-earth to his power, since the One Ring controlled the others. Sauron's plan was not completely successful, for the Elves hid their rings and did not use them while Sauron held the One, and the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 3 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19272378", "chunk_text": "\"Rings of Power\"\nNarya, the Ring of Fire (set with a ruby); Nenya, the Ring of Water or Ring of Adamant (made of \"\"mithril\"\" and set with a \"\"white stone\"\"), and Vilya, the Ring of Air, the \"\"mightiest of the Three\"\" (made of gold and set with a sapphire). Before the sack of Eregion, Celebrimbor gave Vilya and Narya to Gil-galad and Nenya to Galadriel. Gil-galad later gave Narya to Círdan, and gave Vilya to Elrond. The Three remained hidden from Sauron and untouched by him. During the Third Age, after he lost the One, they were used for the preservation and enhancement", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 4 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5864816", "chunk_text": "\"Magic ring\"\nthe story grew into \"\"The Lord of the Rings\"\" the matter expanded, borrowing from Germanic and Norse mythology for many of its themes, creatures, and names. Of twenty magical Rings of Power, four are described in some detail: the extremely powerful and dangerous \"\"One Ring\"\" around which the plot revolves; and three rings worn by Gandalf the wizard and the elves Elrond and Galadriel. Seven Rings of Power were given to the dwarves in an only slightly successful attempt to corrupt them. Humans prove to be more susceptible; each of the nine Nazgûl were once great lords of men who", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 5 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19272383", "chunk_text": "\"Rings of Power\"\nThe Ring would give its bearer a fraction of Sauron's power, proportionate with the bearer's strength and force of will. Gollum, Bilbo, Sam, and Frodo only became invisible, although when Frodo bound Gollum to his service in \"\"The Two Towers\"\", he indicated that he could use the Ring to control Gollum (because the Ring had mastered Gollum long ago). Gandalf and Galadriel, however, recognized that they could use the full power of the Ring, becoming even more powerful than Sauron himself, but they resisted, knowing that in the end, the Ring would corrupt them. Gandalf explained to Frodo that, with", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 6 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5148840", "chunk_text": "\"Rings of Power\"\nreference that the rings \"\"need gold to breed gold\"\"). The main power of the Seven on their wearers was to excite their sense of avarice. The wearers did not become invisible, did not get extended life-spans, nor succumb directly to Sauron's control – though he could still influence them to anger and greed. Over the years, Sauron recovered three rings from the Dwarves, the last from Thráin II during his final captivity in Dol Guldur, some years before the beginning of \"\"The Hobbit\"\". The remaining four, according to Gandalf, were consumed by dragons. Until the Council of Elrond, the Dwarves", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 7 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5148838", "chunk_text": "\"Rings of Power\"\ninvisible. Although the Nazgûl could not be seen, they emanated an evil presence; their steeds were also visible. When they wished to adopt a noticeable form, they wore dark cloaks over their invisible bodies. It is not clear whether the Nazgûl kept their rings. Tolkien says both \"\"the Nine the Nazgûl keep\"\" and that Sauron had gathered the Nine to himself, though in the latter case his meaning may be metaphorical. When the Nazgûl are destroyed, no mention is made of their rings. Only two of the Nazgûl are identified in the texts: the Witch-king of Angmar was the leader", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 8 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19272381", "chunk_text": "\"Rings of Power\"\nin dragon-fire, the One could be unmade only in the unyielding fires of Mount Doom where it was forged. When Sauron made the ring, he was obliged to transfer much of his power into it so that it could control the other rings, themselves objects of great potency. With the ring, Sauron remained very powerful, and he could use it to dominate the will of others; he very quickly corrupted Númenor into the worship of Melkor and open rebellion against the Valar. When Isildur cut the ring from his hand, Sauron became much weaker. He required the ring to effect", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 9 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13600768", "chunk_text": "\"One Ring\"\nOne Ring The One Ring is an artefact that appears as the central plot element in J. R. R. Tolkien's \"\"The Lord of the Rings\"\" (1954–55). It is described in an earlier story, \"\"The Hobbit\"\" (1937), as a magic ring of invisibility. In the sequel, \"\"The Lord of the Rings\"\", Tolkien ascribes to the Ring a darker character, with malevolent power going far beyond conferring invisibility: it was created by Sauron the Dark Lord as part of his design to win dominion over Middle-earth. \"\"The Lord of the Rings\"\" concerns the quest to destroy the Ring to keep Sauron from", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 10 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9448653", "chunk_text": "\"Three Rings\"\nThree Rings In Tolkien's mythology, the Three Rings are magical artifacts forged by the Elves of Eregion. After the One Ring, they are the most powerful of the twenty Rings of Power. The Three Rings were made by Celebrimbor after Sauron, in the guise of \"\"Annatar\"\", had left Eregion. These were free of Sauron's influence, as he did not have a hand in their making. However, they were still forged by Celebrimbor with the arts taught to him by Sauron and thus were still bound to the One Ring. Upon perceiving Sauron's intent, the Elves hid the three from him.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 11 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19272384", "chunk_text": "\"Rings of Power\"\ngreat concentration and training, even he could tap into the Ring's power, but probably at the cost of his sanity. The One Ring possessed something of a will of its own. Its only accepted master was Sauron himself, and it would seek to leave any other bearer when it would cause the greatest harm, or when it might return to Sauron. Bilbo warned Frodo of this, and Frodo kept it on a chain so that it would not slip off unnoticed. In the end, Gollum succumbs to the malevolent influence of the ring, defies Frodo, and takes the ring for", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 12 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13738870", "chunk_text": "\"Three Rings\"\nto inspire others to resist tyranny, domination, and despair (in other words, evoking hope in others around the wielder), as well as giving resistance to the weariness of time. The second ring, Nenya, was made of mithril and adorned with a \"\"white stone\"\", presumably a diamond. The name is derived from the Quenya \"\"nén\"\" meaning \"\"water\"\". It is also called Ring of Adamant, Ring of Water and the White Ring. The ring was wielded by Galadriel of Lothlórien, and possessed a radiance that matched that of the stars; while Frodo Baggins could see it by virtue of being a Ring-bearer,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 13 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13738869", "chunk_text": "\"Three Rings\"\nWar of the Elves and Sauron, Celebrimbor gave Narya together with the Ring Vilya to Gil-galad, High King of the Noldor. Gil-galad entrusted Narya to his lieutenant Círdan, Lord of the Havens of Mithlond, who kept it after Gil-galad's death. According to \"\"The Lord of the Rings\"\", Gil-galad received only Vilya, while Círdan received Narya from the very beginning along with Galadriel receiving Nenya from the start. In the Third Age, Círdan, recognizing Gandalf's true nature as one of the Maiar from Valinor, gave him the ring to aid him in his labours. It is described as having the power", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 14 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11735464", "chunk_text": "\"Middle-earth: Shadow of War\"\npicks up the Ring of Power Isildur was wearing to preserve his own life. He then uses the power of Isildur's Ring to assault and seize Minas Morgul, defeating the Witch King in the process. Talion then takes possession of the Palantir and observes Celebrimbor and Eltariel making their assault on Sauron. The two manage to gain the upper hand and Celebrimbor attempts to dominate Sauron, only for Sauron to cut off two of Eltariel's fingers, one of which is adorned with the Ring of Power, and merge himself with Celebrimbor. As a result, Sauron and Celebrimbor remain trapped in", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 15 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15999977", "chunk_text": "\"The Lord of the Rings\"\nalliance of Elves and Men led by Gil-galad and Elendil, respectively. In the final battle, Isildur, son of Elendil, cut the One Ring from Sauron's finger, causing Sauron to lose his physical form. Isildur claimed the Ring as an heirloom for his line, but when he was later ambushed and killed by the Orcs, the Ring was lost in the River Anduin. Over two thousand years later, the Ring was found by one of the river-folk called Déagol. His friend Sméagol fell under the Ring's influence and strangled Déagol to acquire it. Sméagol was banished and hid under the Misty", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 16 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5148841", "chunk_text": "\"Rings of Power\"\ndid not know that Thráin had held the ring of Durin's line and had lost it to Sauron. They thought instead that it might have been lost when Thrór was killed by Azog in Moria. One of the motivations for Balin's doomed expedition to Moria was the possibility of recovering the ring. Sauron's messenger attempted to bribe the Dwarves of Erebor for news of Bilbo (the last known bearer of the One) with the promise of the return of the remaining three of the Seven and control over the Mines of Moria. The Three Rings of the Elves were called", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 17 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5148837", "chunk_text": "\"Rings of Power\"\nThree Elven Rings, which remained hidden. The words inscribed on the One Ring come from the following verse, which describes 20 Rings of Power: Later in the Second Age, Sauron gave the Nine to powerful men, \"\"kings, sorcerers, and warriors of old\"\". All of them fell under the rings' dominance, and they became the Nazgûl (Ringwraiths), spirits of terror whom Sauron could command even without the One. Their lives were extended indefinitely by the rings, and they became Sauron's chief servants. To mortal observers who were not themselves wearing a Ring, a Ring of Power seemed to render the wearer", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 18 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3395173", "chunk_text": "Celebrimbor\nSauron's knowledge, Celebrimbor also forged three rings for the Elves, the greatest and fairest of the Rings of Power (completing them circa 1590). The Three Rings were thus free of Sauron's corrupting influence. Celebrimbor named the rings Vilya, Narya, and Nenya after the principal Middle-earth elements of air, fire, and water, respectively. At the same time, Sauron was also secretly forging a ring: the One Ring which would enable him to rule Middle-earth. In S.A. 1600 Sauron reassumed his role as the Dark Lord and placed the One Ring on his finger, claiming dominance over all the Rings of Power", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 19 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13600783", "chunk_text": "\"One Ring\"\nas he was eluding orcs—who killed him when he became visible. Isildur in turn had cut the Ring from the hand of Sauron, who had made the Ring and let much of his power flow into it. Sauron was the Ring's true master, and the only being who could bend it completely to his will. Though Déagol and Gandalf had handled the Ring, the only individuals ever to wear it were Sauron, Isildur, Sméagol/Gollum, Bilbo, Frodo, Tom Bombadil, and Samwise. None but Bilbo, Frodo, and Samwise are actually called \"\"Ring-bearers\"\" in any of Tolkien's works. As Ring-bearers, they were granted", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 20 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13600796", "chunk_text": "\"One Ring\"\ntoo close to the edge: as he gloated over his prize he fell into the fires of Mount Doom, taking the Ring with him, thus destroying it and Sauron's power. The Ring's primary power was control of the other Rings of Power and domination of the wills of their users. The Ring also conferred power to dominate the wills of other beings whether they were wearing Rings or not—but only in proportion to the user's native capacity. In the same way, it amplified any inherent power its owner possessed. A mortal wearing the Ring became effectively invisible except to those", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 21 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13600770", "chunk_text": "\"One Ring\"\nof Power. He then forged the One Ring himself in the fires of Mount Doom. Sauron intended it to be the most powerful of all Rings, able to rule and control those who wore the others. Since the other Rings were themselves powerful, Sauron was obliged to place much of his own power into the One to achieve his purpose. Creating the Ring simultaneously strengthened and weakened Sauron's power. On the one hand, as long as Sauron had the Ring, he could control the power of all the other Rings, and thus he was significantly more powerful after its creation", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 22 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13600769", "chunk_text": "\"One Ring\"\nfulfilling his design. In \"\"The Lord of the Rings\"\" and the posthumously published \"\"The Silmarillion\"\", Tolkien provides a detailed internal development from the forging of the Ring to its destruction. In the fictional context of Middle-earth, these events take place during several thousand years in the Second and Third Age of Arda. The One Ring was forged by the Dark Lord Sauron during the Second Age to gain dominion over the free peoples of Middle-earth. In disguise as \"\"Annatar\"\", or \"\"Lord of Gifts\"\", he aided the Elven smiths of Eregion and their leader Celebrimbor in the making of the Rings", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 23 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19272371", "chunk_text": "\"Rings of Power\"\nDwarves did not respond to the One's control as Sauron expected. But the Men who wore the Nine were enslaved by Sauron, and became the Nazgûl (\"\"ringwraiths\"\"). Tolkien's \"\"The Lord of the Rings\"\" is largely concerned with the attempt of Sauron to recover the One and the efforts of the West to forestall him by destroying it. The One is destroyed near the end of the War of the Ring when it falls into the Cracks of Doom in Orodruin, along with Gollum, who had bitten off Frodo’s finger on which he was wearing the Ring. Tolkien is not entirely", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 24 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13738874", "chunk_text": "\"Three Rings\"\nis mentioned in \"\"The Silmarillion\"\" that Celebrimbor had forged the Three in order to heal and to preserve, rather than to enhance the strengths of each individual bearer as the Seven, Nine, and the lesser rings did). Its power of healing may be particularly strong, as Elrond seems to be the greatest healer in Middle-Earth at the time of the Quest. There is some speculation that the ring controlled minor elements, considering the event where Elrond had summoned a torrent of water as the Nazgûl attempted to capture Frodo and the One Ring. When Sauron laid waste to Eregion, Vilya", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 25 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13600799", "chunk_text": "\"One Ring\"\nafter taking it to the tunnels of the Misty Mountains. The Ring might also have given its wielder the ability to read minds, as Galadriel suggested to Frodo when he wondered why he could not read the thoughts of others as she did. Within the land of Mordor where it was forged, the Ring's power increased so significantly that even without wearing it the bearer could draw upon it, and could acquire an aura of terrible power. When Sam encountered an orc in the Tower of Cirith Ungol while holding the Ring, he appeared to the orc as a powerful", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 26 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19619674", "chunk_text": "\"The Fellowship of the Ring\"\nthe One Ring into the fires of Mount Doom in Mordor, which will destroy the Ring and end Sauron's power for good. Boromir objects and argues for using the Ring to overcome Sauron and relieve Gondor, but Elrond says that the Ring cannot be used for good because of its intrinsic evil and its corrupting power even on those with the best intentions. Frodo offers to undertake this dangerous quest, and is thus chosen to be the Ring-bearer. Frodo sets forth from Rivendell with eight companions: two Men, Aragorn and Boromir; Legolas; Gandalf; Gimli the Dwarf, the son of Glóin;", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 27 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5148839", "chunk_text": "\"Rings of Power\"\nof the nine, and his second in command was Khamûl, an Easterling. Khamûl is the only Nazgûl identified by name. Three of the Nine were Númenórean. Also in the Second Age Sauron gave the Seven to the seven Dwarf-lords (though the Dwarves of Moria maintained a tradition that the ring given to Durin III came directly from the Elven-smiths). Gandalf mentions a rumour that the seven hoards of the Dwarves began each with a single golden ring, and although the Dwarves used their rings to increase their treasure, Tolkien does not explain how the rings accomplished this (save for a", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 28 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15999972", "chunk_text": "\"The Lord of the Rings\"\nthe other Rings of Power as the ultimate weapon in his campaign to conquer and rule all of Middle-earth. From quiet beginnings in the Shire, a hobbit land not unlike the English countryside, the story ranges across Middle-earth, following the course of the War of the Ring through the eyes of its characters, not only the hobbits Frodo Baggins, Samwise \"\"Sam\"\" Gamgee, Meriadoc \"\"Merry\"\" Brandybuck and Peregrin \"\"Pippin\"\" Took, but also the hobbits' chief allies and travelling companions: the Men, Aragorn, a Ranger of the North, and Boromir, a Captain of Gondor; Gimli, a Dwarf warrior; Legolas Greenleaf, an Elven", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 29 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10033113", "chunk_text": "Middle-earth\nRings of Power, and secretly forged the One Ring to control the other Rings. But the Elves became aware of Sauron's plan as soon as he put the One Ring on his hand, and they removed their own Rings before he could master their wills. During this time, the Shadow grew over Númenor, as kings no longer laid down their lives when they had lived to the fullest, but rather clung greedily to life. Númenor, ever thankful to Eru Ilúvatar and the Valar in the past, now neglected to pay tribute, growing ever more restless about the Doom of Man,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 30 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19594625", "chunk_text": "\"Dark Years\"\nhim, did so, and forged three mighty rings. Vilya and Narya, which passed to the Elven king Gil-galad, and Nenya which passed to the Elven lady Galadriel. Seven Rings were also made for the Dwarves, while Nine were made for Men. The Rings gave power to the bearers, but were, in secret, designed to enslave the Bearer to a Master Ring: the One Ring which Sauron himself forged in the fires of Orodruin, the Mount Doom. Men were indeed enslaved, but the Elves sensed the danger and took off their Rings. A great war ensued for the freedom of Middle-earth.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 31 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17276921", "chunk_text": "\"Of the Rings of Power and the Third Age\"\nwar, Sauron distributed seven rings to Dwarves and Nine to Men. The dwarves proved immune to his influence, becoming only inflamed with greed for gold, but Men prove weaker. The nine men that had received the rings became great lords, kings, and warriors of their time eventually fell under Sauron's sway, becoming in the end the Nazgûl. Hundreds of years later, the Men of Númenor decide to capture Sauron to demonstrate their might, unaware of the One Ring and the power Sauron wielded when he wore it. As it is described in Akallabêth, Sauron is brought to Númenor as a", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 32 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18805123", "chunk_text": "Eregion\nCelebrimbor, grandson of Fëanor. Under his rule the Elves of Eregion became friends with Annatar, Lord of Gifts, and created the Rings of Power. When Annatar was revealed as the Dark Lord Sauron, the Elves of Eregion tried to keep the Rings from falling in Sauron's hands. Outraged, Sauron invaded Eregion in SA 1695 with a large force, and two years later it was utterly destroyed and many of its people, including Celebrimbor, killed. Sauron took most of the rings for himself, but the Elves managed to rescue Vilya, Narya, and Nenya, (the Three Rings of the Elves). After Eregion's", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 33 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5148847", "chunk_text": "\"Rings of Power\"\nhimself. While dancing with joy over the recovery of the ring, Gollum falls into the Cracks of Doom in Orodruin, where the ring is destroyed. With the destruction of the Ring, Gandalf explains that Sauron is weakened to the point that he will never be able to materialize again. Ralph Bakshi's 1978 animated film begins with the forging of the Rings of Power and the events of the Last Alliance's war against Sauron, all portrayed in silhouette against a red background. Peter Jackson's \"\"\"\" begins with a similar prologue, though longer and more detailed. The three Elven rings are shown", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 34 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13600804", "chunk_text": "\"One Ring\"\nbearing the Ring, first by Gil-galad in the War of Sauron and the Elves, again by Ar-Pharazôn when Númenórean power so overawed his armies that they deserted him, and again at the end of the Second Age with his personal defeat by Gil-galad and Elendil. Tolkien indicates, however, that such a defeat would not have been possible in the waning years of the Third Age, when the strength of the free peoples was greatly diminished. There were no remaining heroes of the stature of Gil-galad, Elendil, or Isildur; the strength of the Elves was fading and they were departing to", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 35 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13738875", "chunk_text": "\"Three Rings\"\nwas sent to the Elven-king Gil-galad far away in Lindon, where it was later given to Elrond, who bore it through the later years of the Second Age and all of the Third. As Gil-galad was the High King of the Noldor elves at the time of the rings' distribution it was thought that he was best fit to care for the most powerful of the three Elven rings. Three Rings In Tolkien's mythology, the Three Rings are magical artifacts forged by the Elves of Eregion. After the One Ring, they are the most powerful of the twenty Rings of", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 36 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17276930", "chunk_text": "\"Of the Rings of Power and the Third Age\"\nto throwing the One Ring into the Sea at the Council of Elrond. Sauron makes war on Middle-earth again, but Frodo Baggins goes to Mount Doom and destroys the Ring, defeating Sauron. (Note that this book specifically credits Frodo with the destruction of the Ring. It does not mention that, in the end, he in fact gave in to the Ring's temptation, and did not give it up willingly, as recounted in \"\"The Return of the King\"\".) After this, it is made clear that Gandalf bore the Red Ring, Narya, and that Galadriel and Elrond had the other two rings.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 37 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18005963", "chunk_text": "\"The Fellowship of the Ring\"\nRing, which is revealed as \"\"Isildur's Bane\"\". Gandalf explains that he had gone to Isengard, where the wizard Saruman, the chief of all wizards in Middle-earth, dwells, to seek help and counsel. However, Saruman had turned against them, desiring the Ring for himself. Saruman imprisoned Gandalf in his tower, Orthanc, rightly suspecting that Gandalf knew where the Ring was. Gandalf, however, did not yield and managed to escape from Orthanc. He learns that Saruman is not yet in Sauron's service, and is mustering his own force of Orcs. As the Council of Elrond concludes, a plan is hatched to cast", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 38 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13600800", "chunk_text": "\"One Ring\"\nwarrior cloaked in shadow \"\"[holding] some nameless menace of power and doom\"\". The orc was so terrified that it fled. Similarly at Mount Doom, when Frodo and Sam were attacked by Gollum, Frodo grabbed the Ring and appeared as \"\"a figure robed in white... [that] held a wheel of fire\"\". Frodo told Gollum \"\"in a commanding voice\"\" that \"\"If you touch me ever again, you shall be cast yourself into the Fire of Doom\"\", a statement fulfilled when Gollum fell into Mount Doom with the Ring. Although the Ring was certainly invoked with this statement, it is unclear whether Frodo", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 39 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9415025", "chunk_text": "\"One Ring\"\nSauron's enemies. It also slipped off Gollum's finger when the time was right for it to be brought back into the world at large. Warned by Bilbo of the Ring's tendency to slip off, Frodo carried the Ring on a chain. To master all of the Ring's capabilities, a Ring wielder would need a disciplined and well-trained mind, a strong will, and great native power. Those with weaker minds, such as Hobbits and lesser Men, would gain little benefit from the Ring, let alone realize its full potential. Even for someone with the necessary strength, it would have taken time", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 40 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20734791", "chunk_text": "\"Themes of The Lord of the Rings\"\nthe nature of the Ring is reinforced as Elrond, Galadriel, Aragorn and Faramir in their turn, also reject the Ring, supposedly fearing the fact that it will ultimately create wicked desires within them. Inversely, the hobbits' complacency and lack of ambition appears to make them less susceptible to the Ring's promises of power, as is seen in Frodo and Sam, both of whom are able to handle the Ring for extended periods of time. It is of note that hobbits are not totally immune to the Ring's effects, however, as is seen most clearly in Frodo, Bilbo and, arguably, Gollum.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 41 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1899511", "chunk_text": "\"The Lord of the Rings: The Fellowship of the Ring\"\nto dominate, through it and at a distance, the other Rings, so he might conquer Middle-earth. A final alliance of men and elves battles Sauron's forces in Mordor, where Prince Isildur of Gondor severs Sauron's finger, and the Ring with it, thereby destroying his physical form. With Sauron's first defeat, the Third Age of Middle-earth begins. Unfortunately, the Ring's influence corrupts Isildur, and, rather than destroy the Ring, Isildur takes it for himself. Isildur is later killed by Orcs, and the Ring is lost for 2,500 years, until it is found by Gollum, who owns it for five centuries. The", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 42 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19272373", "chunk_text": "\"Rings of Power\"\nGifts\"\") to the Elven-smiths of Eregion, who were led by Celebrimbor, and taught them the craft of forging magic rings. Tolkien writes that the Elves made many lesser rings as essays in the craft, but eventually with Sauron's assistance they forged the Seven and the Nine. The Three were made by Celebrimbor himself without Sauron's assistance; they remained unsullied by his touch. Sauron returned to Mordor, and in his forge in Mount Doom he made the One Ring, imbuing it with a large portion of his power. Its purpose was to dominate and command the wearers of the other Rings.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 43 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13600798", "chunk_text": "\"One Ring\"\nfrom physical harm; Frodo was seriously injured by the Witch-king on Weathertop, and lost a finger when Gollum bit it off—on both occasions while wearing the Ring. Sauron himself suffered the death of his physical body at the hands of Gil-galad and Elendil while wearing the Ring. Like the Nine Rings, the One Ring could physically corrupt mortals who wear it for extended periods of time, eventually transforming them into wraiths. Hobbits were more resistant to this process than Men: Gollum, who possessed the ring for five-hundred years did not become wraith-like because he did not wear the ring often", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 44 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13738871", "chunk_text": "\"Three Rings\"\nSamwise Gamgee tells Galadriel he only \"\"saw a star through your fingers\"\". (This appears in many editions as \"\"finger\"\"—which sounds more magical, since it suggests that her finger has somehow become transparent—but \"\"The Treason of Isengard\"\", ch. 13, note 34, mentions it as an error.) Nenya's power gave preservation, protection, and possibly concealment from evil because \"\"there is a secret power here that holds evil from the land\"\". However, the fact that Orcs from Moria entered Lórien after \"\"The Fellowship of the Ring\"\" and Lórien itself had suffered previous attacks from Sauron's Orcs sent from Dol Guldur suggests the power", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 45 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5864818", "chunk_text": "\"Magic ring\"\n\"\"The Hobbit\"\", and then it is only known as a magic ring which makes the wearer invisible; its much larger and darker significance is not revealed until \"\"The Lord of the Rings\"\". The history of the Rings of Power is described in its known entirety in \"\"The Silmarillion\"\", in \"\"Of the Rings of Power and the Third Age\"\". The Ring of Solomon appears in John Bellairs' 1976 novel \"\"The Letter, The Witch, and The Ring\"\" (book 3 of the Lewis Barnavelt series). In \"\"Doctor Who\"\"s 20th anniversary story \"\"The Five Doctors\"\" the ring of Rassilon, the legendary founder of Time", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 46 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10201647", "chunk_text": "Gandalf\ngave him the Elven Ring of Power called Narya, the Ring of Fire, containing a \"\"red\"\" stone for his aid and comfort. Tolkien explicitly links Gandalf to the element fire later in the same essay: As one of the Maiar, Gandalf would have participated in the Music of the Ainur at the creation of the world. However he does not attain any prominence until the Valar settle in Valinor. In Valinor, Gandalf was known as Olórin. As recounted in the \"\"Valaquenta\"\" in \"\"The Silmarillion\"\", he was one of the Maiar of Valinor, specifically, of the people of the Vala Manwë;", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 47 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4161618", "chunk_text": "\"The Lord of the Rings: War in the North\"\nsixteen Rings, giving seven to the dwarves and nine to men in an effort to corrupt them. The dwarves proved relatively immune to the powers of the Rings, acquiring only a greed for gold, and becoming unconcerned with events in the wider world. Men proved less resilient, and the nine kings given the Rings become the nine Ring-wraiths, or Nazgûl, led by the Witch-king of Angmar. In his ongoing efforts to conquer Middle-earth, Sauron regained the allegiance of many of Morgoth's servants from the First Age, and successfully corrupted Númenor. However, in doing so, he expended a great deal of", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 48 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11414027", "chunk_text": "Saruman\nquest to destroy the One Ring, a powerful and evil talisman created by the Dark Lord Sauron to control Middle-earth (the continent on which Tolkien's story takes place; it loosely represents the Old World in a fictional ancient era). Sauron lost the Ring in battle thousands of years before the beginning of the story, and it is now held in secret in the Shire by the hobbit Bilbo Baggins, who passes it on to Frodo Baggins, one of the story's main protagonists. Early in \"\"The Fellowship of the Ring\"\", the wizard Gandalf describes Saruman as \"\"the chief of my order\"\"", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 49 } ]
test_3571	philadelphia is known as the city of what?	n/a	[ "City of Brotherly Love", "Brotherly Love" ]	[]	n/a	n/a	n/a	[]	[ { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5816489", "chunk_text": "Philadelphia\nPhiladelphia Philadelphia, often called Philly, is the largest city in the U.S. state and Commonwealth of Pennsylvania, and the sixth-most populous U.S. city, with a 2017 census-estimated population of 1,580,863. Since 1854, the city has been coterminous with Philadelphia County, the most populous county in Pennsylvania and the urban core of the eighth-largest U.S. metropolitan statistical area, with over 6 million residents . Philadelphia is also the economic and cultural anchor of the greater Delaware Valley, located along the lower Delaware and Schuylkill Rivers, within the Northeast megalopolis. The Delaware Valley's population of 7.2 million ranks it as the eighth-largest", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 0 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15195071", "chunk_text": "\"History of Philadelphia\"\nHistory of Philadelphia The written history of Philadelphia begins on October 27, 1682, when the city was founded by William Penn in the English Crown Province of Pennsylvania between the Delaware and Schuylkill rivers. Before then, the area was inhabited by the Lenape (Delaware) Indians and Swedish settlers who arrived in the area in the early 1600s. Philadelphia quickly grew into an important colonial city and during the American Revolution was the site of the First and Second Continental Congresses. After the Revolution the city was chosen to be the temporary capital of the United States. At the beginning of", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 1 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2037774", "chunk_text": "Philadelphia\nfor Peace\"\" project with Mosul, Iraq, as well as accepting visiting delegations from dozens of other countries. See additional . Philadelphia Philadelphia, often called Philly, is the largest city in the U.S. state and Commonwealth of Pennsylvania, and the sixth-most populous U.S. city, with a 2017 census-estimated population of 1,580,863. Since 1854, the city has been coterminous with Philadelphia County, the most populous county in Pennsylvania and the urban core of the eighth-largest U.S. metropolitan statistical area, with over 6 million residents . Philadelphia is also the economic and cultural anchor of the greater Delaware Valley, located along the lower", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 2 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13488971", "chunk_text": "\"Culture of Philadelphia\"\nCulture of Philadelphia The culture of Philadelphia goes back to 1682 when Philadelphia, Pennsylvania was founded by William Penn. Originally inhabited by the Lenape, Philadelphia was envisioned as a place where people could live without fear of persecution because of their religion. As a result, many Quakers, Mennonites, and others came to find refuge within the city. As Philadelphia grew into a major political and economic center of the United States, many different groups of religions and ethnicities flocked to the city. 19th and 20th century immigration and migration led to large concentrations of Irish, Italians, Germans, Asians, Puerto Ricans", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 3 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2037743", "chunk_text": "Philadelphia\nPhiladelphia was one of the nation's capitals during the revolution, and served as temporary U.S. capital while Washington, D.C., was under construction. In the 19th century, Philadelphia became a major industrial center and a railroad hub. The city grew from an influx of European immigrants, most of whom came from Ireland, Italy and Germany—the three largest reported ancestry groups in the city . In the early 20th century, Philadelphia became a prime destination for African Americans during the Great Migration after the Civil War, as well as Puerto Ricans. The city's population doubled from one million to two million people", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 4 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2037746", "chunk_text": "Philadelphia\nincluding the first library (1731), hospital (1751), medical school (1765), national capital (1774), stock exchange (1790), zoo (1874), and business school (1881). Philadelphia contains 67 National Historic Landmarks and the World Heritage Site of Independence Hall. The city became a member of the Organization of World Heritage Cities in 2015, as the first World Heritage City in the United States. Although Philadelphia is rapidly undergoing gentrification, the city actively maintains mitigation strategies to minimize displacement of homeowners in gentrifying neighborhoods. Before Europeans arrived, the Philadelphia area was home to the Lenape (Delaware) Indians in the village of Shackamaxon. The Lenape", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 5 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3390441", "chunk_text": "\"History of Philadelphia\"\nthe Delaware Bay and Atlantic Ocean, and became an important port in the Thirteen Colonies. He named the city Philadelphia (\"\"philos\"\", \"\"love\"\" or \"\"friendship\"\", and \"\"adelphos\"\", \"\"brother\"\"); it was to have a commercial center for a market, state house, and other key buildings. Penn sent three commissioners to supervise the settlement and to set aside 10,000 acres (40 km²) for the city. The commissioners bought land from Swedes at the settlement of Wicaco, and from there began to lay out the city toward the north. The area went about a mile along the Delaware River between modern South and Vine", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 6 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11684383", "chunk_text": "\"Delaware Valley\"\nhigher education, biotechnology, medicine, tourism and many others. With a gross domestic product of $388 billion, Philadelphia ranks ninth among world cities and fourth in the nation. The area has hosted many people and sites significant to American culture and history, particularly in the arts, where Philadelphia alone has more outdoor sculptures and murals than any other American city, politics, including many influential people involved in politics such as Benjamin Franklin and Joe Biden, and the American Revolution. Philadelphia is famously known as \"\"The Birthplace of America\"\" as the Declaration of Independence and Constitution were both drafted and signed there.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 7 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5816547", "chunk_text": "Philadelphia\ndata collected by researchers at the University of Pennsylvania under sociolinguist William Labov, the Philadelphia dialect has been one of the best-studied forms of American English. The accent is especially found within the Irish American and Italian American working-class neighborhoods. Philadelphia also has its own unique collection of neologisms and slang terms. Philadelphia is the center of economic activity in Pennsylvania with the headquarters of five Fortune 1000 companies located within city limits. According to the Bureau of Economic Analysis, the Philadelphia area had a total gross domestic product of $445 billion in 2017, the eighth-largest metropolitan economy in the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 8 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2037745", "chunk_text": "Philadelphia\nthan any other American city. Fairmount Park, when combined with the adjacent Wissahickon Valley Park in the same watershed, is one of the largest contiguous urban park areas in the United States. The city is known for its arts, culture, cuisine, and colonial history, attracting 42 million domestic tourists in 2016 who spent US$6.8 billion, generating an estimated $11 billion in total economic impact in the city and surrounding four counties of Pennsylvania. Philadelphia has also emerged as a biotechnology hub. Philadelphia is the birthplace of the United States Marine Corps, and is also the home of many U.S. firsts,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 9 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18382296", "chunk_text": "\"Old Philadelphians\"\nOld Philadelphians Old Philadelphians, also called Proper Philadelphians, or Perennial Philadelphians are the First Families of Philadelphia, that class of Pennsylvanians who claim hereditary and cultural descent mainly from England, Wales and Germany, who founded the city of Philadelphia and settled Pennsylvania. They are considered part of the historic core of the East Coast establishment, along with other wealthy families of Boston and New York City. These families were influential in the development and leadership of arts, culture, science, medicine, law, politics, industry and trade in the United States. In 1963, Nathaniel Burt, a chronicler of Old Philadelphia, wrote that", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 10 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17176425", "chunk_text": "\"Music of Philadelphia\"\nMusic of Philadelphia The city of Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, is home to a vibrant and well-documented musical heritage, stretching back to colonial times. Innovations in classical music, opera, R&B, jazz and soul have earned the music of Philadelphia national and international renown. Philadelphia's musical institutions have long played an important role in the music of Pennsylvania, as well as a nationwide impact, especially in the early development of hip hop music. Philadelphia's diverse population has also given it a reputation for styles ranging from dancehall to Irish traditional music, as well as a thriving classical and folk music scene. The Philadelphia", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 11 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15195079", "chunk_text": "\"History of Philadelphia\"\nRevolution, the city was chosen to be the temporary capital of the United States from 1790–1800. At the beginning of the 19th century, the federal and state governments left Philadelphia, but the city continued for some years to be the country's cultural and financial center. Its large free black community aided fugitive slaves and founded the first independent black denomination in the nation, the African Methodist Episcopal Church. Philadelphia became one of the first U.S. industrial centers with a variety of industries, the largest being textiles. It had many economic and family ties to the South, with southern planters maintaining", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 12 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8269481", "chunk_text": "\"West Philadelphia\"\nWest Philadelphia West Philadelphia, nicknamed West Philly, is a section of Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. Though there is no official definition of its boundaries, it is generally considered to reach from the western shore of the Schuylkill River, to City Avenue to the northwest, Cobbs Creek to the southwest, and the SEPTA Media/Elwyn Line to the south. An alternate definition includes all city land west of the Schuylkill; this would also include Southwest Philadelphia and its neighborhoods. The eastern side of West Philadelphia is also known as University City. The topography of West Philadelphia is composed of rolling hills rising slowly from", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 13 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2037751", "chunk_text": "Philadelphia\nPennsylvania colony. Despite the royal charter, Penn bought the land from the local Lenape to be on good terms with the Native Americans and ensure peace for his colony. Penn made a treaty of friendship with Lenape chief Tammany under an elm tree at Shackamaxon, in what is now the city's Fishtown neighborhood. Penn named the city Philadelphia, which is Greek for \"\"brotherly love,\"\" derived from the Ancient Greek terms φίλος \"\"phílos\"\" (beloved, dear) and ἀδελφός \"\"adelphós\"\" (brother, brotherly). As a Quaker, Penn had experienced religious persecution and wanted his colony to be a place where anyone could worship freely.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 14 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2037742", "chunk_text": "Philadelphia\ncombined statistical area in the United States. William Penn, an English Quaker, founded the city in 1682 to serve as capital of the Pennsylvania Colony. Philadelphia played an instrumental role in the American Revolution as a meeting place for the Founding Fathers of the United States, who signed the Declaration of Independence in 1776 at the Second Continental Congress, and the Constitution at the Philadelphia Convention of 1787. Several other key events occurred in Philadelphia during the Revolutionary War including the First Continental Congress, the preservation of the Liberty Bell, the Battle of Germantown, and the Siege of Fort Mifflin.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 15 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4837914", "chunk_text": "\"History of Philadelphia\"\nD.C., and Philadelphia. In Philadelphia, Francis attended The 2015 World Meeting of Families, coordinated by the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Philadelphia. Pope Francis ended his first Papal visit to the U.S. by saying mass to a crowd of 1 million people on the Benjamin Franklin Parkway. While in Philadelphia, Francis attended many events, including a speech to a crowd of 50,000 people at Independence Hall and a visit and blessing at Saint Joseph's University. History of Philadelphia The written history of Philadelphia begins on October 27, 1682, when the city was founded by William Penn in the English Crown Province", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 16 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5816518", "chunk_text": "Philadelphia\nFairmount Water Works. The city is the seat of its own county. The adjacent counties are Montgomery to the northwest; Bucks to the north and northeast; Burlington County, New Jersey, to the east; Camden County, New Jersey, to the southeast; Gloucester County, New Jersey, to the south; and Delaware County to the southwest. Philadelphia's central city was created in the 17th century following the plan by William Penn's surveyor Thomas Holme. Center City is structured with long straight streets running nearly due east-west and north-south, forming a grid pattern between the Delaware and Schuylkill rivers that is aligned with their", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 17 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12883786", "chunk_text": "\"Culture of Philadelphia\"\nand African Americans. Philadelphia is still a major center of immigration, with large Chinese, Vietnamese, Korean, East African, Middle Eastern, Indian and Mexican immigrant populations, among others. The city's cultural prominence has risen and fallen since its founding. The city has made contributions in art, music, television, architecture and food. Philadelphia institutions range from the Philadelphia Museum of Art to Pat's Steaks. Before the first European settlers arrived, the region that would become Philadelphia was inhabited by the Lenape, a group of Native American people. The Lenape occasionally fought with the earliest Dutch settlers, but had much better relations with", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 18 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5816509", "chunk_text": "Philadelphia\nU.S. Capitol building. The city remained the young nation's largest until the late 18th century, being both a financial and a cultural center for America. In 1816, the city's free black community founded the African Methodist Episcopal Church (AME), the first independent black denomination in the country, and the first black Episcopal Church. The free black community also established many schools for its children, with the help of Quakers. New York City surpassed Philadelphia in population by 1790. Large-scale construction projects for new roads, canals, and railroads made Philadelphia the first major industrial city in the United States. Throughout the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 19 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17474746", "chunk_text": "\"Philadelphia County, Pennsylvania\"\ndivided Pennsylvania into three counties. During the same year, Philadelphia was planned and was made the county seat and the capital of the Province of Pennsylvania. Penn wanted Philadelphia, meaning \"\"love brotherly\"\", to be a place where religious tolerance and the freedom to worship were ensured. Philadelphia's name is shared with an ancient city in Asia Minor mentioned by the Bible's Book of Revelation. It was William Penn's desire, as a Quaker, that his \"\"Holy Experiment\"\" would be found blameless at the Last Judgment. When established, Philadelphia County consisted mainly of the area from the Delaware River west between the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 20 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14405216", "chunk_text": "\"Center City, Philadelphia\"\nCenter City, Philadelphia Center City includes the central business district and central neighborhoods of Philadelphia, in the U.S. state of Pennsylvania. It comprises the area that made up the City of Philadelphia prior to the Act of Consolidation, 1854 which extended the city borders to be coterminous with Philadelphia County. Greater Center City has grown into the second-most populated downtown area in the United States, after Midtown Manhattan in New York City, with an estimated 183,240 residents in 2015. Center City is bounded by South Street to the south, the Delaware River to the east, the Schuylkill River to the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 21 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5816558", "chunk_text": "Philadelphia\nof Pennsylvania Museum of Archaeology and Anthropology. History museums include the National Constitution Center, the Museum of the American Revolution, the Philadelphia History Museum, the National Museum of American Jewish History, the African American Museum in Philadelphia, the Historical Society of Pennsylvania, the Masonic Library and Museum of Pennsylvania in the Masonic Temple, and the Eastern State Penitentiary. Philadelphia is home to the United States' first zoo and hospital, as well as Fairmount Park, one of America's oldest and largest urban parks, founded in 1855. The city is home to important archival repositories, including the Library Company of Philadelphia, established", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 22 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3390448", "chunk_text": "\"History of Philadelphia\"\nman fled Philadelphia to avoid serving as mayor. In the first half the 18th century, like other American cities, Philadelphia was dirty, with garbage and animals littering the streets. The roads were unpaved and in rainy seasons impassable. Early attempts to improve quality of life were ineffective as laws were poorly enforced. By the 1750s, Philadelphia was turning into a major city. Christ Church and the Pennsylvania State House, better known as Independence Hall, were built. Streets were paved and illuminated with oil lamps. Philadelphia's first newspaper, Andrew Bradford's \"\"American Weekly Mercury\"\", began publishing on December 22, 1719. The city", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 23 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2037744", "chunk_text": "Philadelphia\nbetween 1890 and 1950. The Philadelphia area's many universities and colleges make it a top study destination, as the city has evolved into an educational and economic hub. According to the Bureau of Economic Analysis, the Philadelphia area had a gross domestic product of US$445 billion in 2017, the eighth-largest metropolitan economy in the United States. Philadelphia is the center of economic activity in Pennsylvania and is home to five Fortune 1000 companies. The Philadelphia skyline is expanding, with a market of almost 81,900 commercial properties in 2016, including several nationally prominent skyscrapers. Philadelphia has more outdoor sculptures and murals", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 24 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2037766", "chunk_text": "Philadelphia\nmajor city in the United States with a score of 79 out of 100, in the middle of the \"\"very walkable\"\" range. The city was just edged out by fourth place Miami (79.2), with the top three cities being New York, San Francisco, and Boston. Philadelphia placed fifth in the public transit friendly category, behind Washington, D.C., with the same three cities for walkability topping this category. The city ranked tenth in the bike friendly cities category, with the top three cities being Minneapolis, San Francisco and Portland. The readers of USA Today newspaper voted the Schuylkill River Trail the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 25 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15061680", "chunk_text": "\"Economy of Philadelphia\"\nin the city as well as the Third Circuit Court of Appeals. Ten of the 100 largest law firms in the US have their headquarters or largest office in Philadelphia. Philadelphia is an important center for medicine, a distinction that it has held since the colonial period. The city is home to the first hospital in the British North American colonies, Pennsylvania Hospital, and the first medical school in what is now the United States, at the University of Pennsylvania (Penn). Penn, the city's largest private employer, also runs a large teaching hospital and extensive medical system. There are also", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 26 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15061676", "chunk_text": "\"Economy of Philadelphia\"\nEconomy of Philadelphia Philadelphia is the center of economic activity in Pennsylvania. According to the Bureau of Economic Analysis, the Philadelphia area had a total gross metropolitan product of $347 billion in 2010, the seventh-largest metropolitan economy in the United States. With a gross domestic product of $388 billion, Philadelphia ranks ninth among world cities and fourth in the nation. The city is also the nation's fourth-largest consumer media market, as ranked by the Nielsen Media Research. The city is home to the Philadelphia Stock Exchange and several Fortune 500 companies. Philadelphia has shifted to an information technology and service-based", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 27 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15195078", "chunk_text": "\"History of Philadelphia\"\nmost prominent, prosperous and influential settlement in the new colony, became the capital. During its brief period of ascendancy as an empire following the victory by Gustav the Great in the Battle of Breitenfeld Swedish settlers arrived in the area in the early 17th century to found a nearby colony, New Sweden in what is today southern New Jersey. With the arrival of more numerous English colonists and development of the port on the Delaware, Philadelphia quickly grew into an important colonial city. During the American Revolution, it was the site of the First and Second Continental Congresses. After the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 28 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5816541", "chunk_text": "Philadelphia\nwhile nearby Chestnut Hill is historically known as an Anglo-Saxon Protestant community. Philadelphia is also home to a significant gay and lesbian population. Philadelphia's Gayborhood, which is located near Washington Square, is home to a large concentration of gay and lesbian friendly businesses, restaurants, and bars. The Black American population in Philadelphia is the third-largest in the country, after New York City and Chicago. Historically, West Philadelphia and North Philadelphia were largely black neighborhoods, but many are leaving those areas in favor of the Northeast and Southwest sections of Philadelphia. There is a higher proportion of Muslims in the Black", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 29 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18468089", "chunk_text": "\"Old City, Philadelphia\"\nOld City, Philadelphia Old City is a historic neighborhood in Center City, Philadelphia, in the area near the Delaware River where William Penn and the Quakers first settled. To tourists, it is best known as the site of Independence Hall and its encompassing Independence National Historical Park, Elfreth's Alley, Carpenters' Hall, the Betsy Ross House, and many of Philadelphia's other historic sites. The Old City District occupies several blocks between Front and Sixth Streets, bounded by Vine Street to the north and Walnut Street to the south. The \"\"Philadelphia Almanac and Citizens' Manual\"\" gives a larger set of boundaries to", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 30 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3390464", "chunk_text": "\"History of Philadelphia\"\nits pre-embargo status, and New York City succeeded it as the busiest port and largest city. The embargo and decrease in foreign trade led to the development of local factories to produce goods no longer available as imports. Manufacturing plants and foundries were built and Philadelphia became an important center of paper-related industries and the leather, shoe, and boot industries. Coal and iron mines, and the construction of new roads, canals, and railroads helped Philadelphia's manufacturing power grow, and the city became the United States' first major industrial city. Major industrial projects included the Waterworks, iron water pipes, a gasworks,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 31 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3390444", "chunk_text": "\"History of Philadelphia\"\nthe Schuylkill. The lots they bought were subdivided and resold with smaller streets constructed between them. Before 1704, few people lived west of Fourth Street. Philadelphia grew from a few hundred inhabitants in 1683 to over 2,500 in 1701. The population was mostly English, Welsh, Irish, Germans, Swedes, Finns,and Dutch. Before William Penn left Philadelphia for the last time on October 25, 1701 he issued the Charter of 1701. The charter established Philadelphia as a city and gave the mayor, aldermen, and councilmen the authority to issue laws and ordinances and regulate markets and fairs. The first known Jewish resident", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 32 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5617297", "chunk_text": "\"Education in Philadelphia\"\nEducation in Philadelphia Education in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania has a rich and storied history. This history began with Benjamin Franklin's founding of the University of Pennsylvania as European styled school and America's first university. Today's Philadelphia region is home to nearly 300,000 college students, numerous private and parochial secondary schools, and the 8th largest school district in the country. Philadelphia is served by the School District of Philadelphia, which operates 242 of the city's public schools, including 163 elementary schools, 23 middle schools, and 56 high schools. The school district is governed by the five-member School Reform Commission. The commission was", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 33 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5816588", "chunk_text": "Philadelphia\nin 2017. In 2006, Philadelphia's homicide rate of 27.7 per 100,000 people was the highest of the country's 10 most populous cities. In 2012, Philadelphia had the fourth-highest homicide rate among the country's most populous cities. The rate dropped to 16 homicides per 100,000 residents by 2014 placing Philadelphia as the sixth-highest city in the country. In 2004, there were 7,513.5 crimes per 200,000 people in Philadelphia. Among its neighboring mid-Atlantic cities in the same population group, Baltimore and Washington, D.C. were ranked second- and third-most dangerous cities in the United States, respectively. Camden, New Jersey, a city directly across", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 34 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17988514", "chunk_text": "\"Northeast Philadelphia\"\nPennsylvania. Northeast Philadelphia Northeast Philadelphia, nicknamed Northeast Philly, the Northeast and the Great Northeast, is a section of the City of Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. According to the 2000 Census, the Northeast has a sizable percentage of the city's 1.547 million people—a population of between 300,000 and 450,000, depending on how the area is defined. Beginning in the 1980s, many of the Northeast's middle class children graduated from college and settled in suburbs, especially nearby Bucks County. The Northeast is home to a large working class Irish American population, but is also home to Polish, German, Jewish, Italian, and Russian neighborhoods. Due", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 35 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8398161", "chunk_text": "\"Gentrification in Philadelphia\"\nmost in a number of neighborhoods around Center City such as lower North Philadelphia, Francisville, Northern Liberties, Fishtown, Kensington, Fairmount, Center City West, Hawthorne, University City, Point Breeze and Grays Ferry. Philadelphia serves as an example of urban growth, decline, and regrowth along with other industrial cities of the northeast United States: Worcester, Massachusetts, Providence, Rhode Island, Newark and nearby Trenton, New Jersey. Philadelphia has a longer history and arguably richer provenance than its competitor cities. It has a deepwater port and was the first capital of the United States. Development in Philadelphia began along the Delaware, at Penn's Landing,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 36 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5816505", "chunk_text": "Philadelphia\nThis tolerance, far more than afforded by most other colonies, led to better relations with the local native tribes and fostered Philadelphia's rapid growth into America's most important city. Penn planned a city on the Delaware River to serve as a port and place for government. Hoping that Philadelphia would become more like an English rural town instead of a city, Penn laid out roads on a grid plan to keep houses and businesses spread far apart, with areas for gardens and orchards. The city's inhabitants did not follow Penn's plans, however, as they crowded by the Delaware River port,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 37 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14189712", "chunk_text": "\"Sports in Philadelphia\"\nSports in Philadelphia Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, has been home to many teams and events in professional, semi-professional, amateur, college, and high-school sports. Sports are a huge part of the culture of the city and the Greater Philadelphia area. Philadelphia sports fans are considered to be some of the most knowledgeable fans in sports, and are known for their extreme passion for all of their teams. Philadelphia fans are also known for their reputation of being the \"\"Meanest Fans in America\"\". Philadelphia is one of twelve cities that hosts teams in the \"\"Big Four\"\" major sports leagues in North America, and Philadelphia", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 38 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3524069", "chunk_text": "\"Philadelphia English\"\nPhiladelphia English Philadelphia English is a variety or dialect of American English native to Philadelphia and extending into Philadelphia's metropolitan area throughout the Delaware Valley and South Jersey, including Atlantic City and Wilmington, Delaware. Philadelphia English is one of the best-studied, as Philadelphia's University of Pennsylvania is the home institution of pioneering sociolinguist William Labov. Philadelphia English shares certain features with Midland American English and New York City English, although it is very much its own distinct dialect. The closest relatives of Philadelphia accents are Baltimore accents, both of which constitute what Labov describes as a single \"\"Mid-Atlantic\"\" regional dialect.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 39 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2201844", "chunk_text": "\"Old City, Philadelphia\"\nMcCall are assigned to Benjamin Franklin High School in North Philadelphia. Previously Old City was assigned to Furness High School. The Mastery Charter Schools system operates the Mastery Charter Lenfest Campus (7-12) in Old City. It moved from North Philadelphia to Old City in 2002. The Free Library of Philadelphia operates its Independence Branch at 18 South 7th Street. Old City, Philadelphia Old City is a historic neighborhood in Center City, Philadelphia, in the area near the Delaware River where William Penn and the Quakers first settled. To tourists, it is best known as the site of Independence Hall and", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 40 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5816506", "chunk_text": "Philadelphia\nand subdivided and resold their lots. Before Penn left Philadelphia for the last time, he issued the Charter of 1701 establishing it as a city. Though poor at first, the city became an important trading center with tolerable living conditions by the 1750s. Benjamin Franklin, a leading citizen, helped improve city services and founded new ones, such as fire protection, a library, and one of the American colonies' first hospitals. A number of philosophical societies were formed, which were centers of the city's intellectual life: the Philadelphia Society for Promoting Agriculture (1785), the Pennsylvania Society for the Encouragement of Manufactures", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 41 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2296258", "chunk_text": "\"Metropolis of Philadelphia\"\nMetropolis of Philadelphia The Metropolis of Philadelphia () was an ecclesiastical territory (diocese) of the Ecumenical Patriarchate of Constantinople in western Asia Minor, modern Turkey. Christianity in the city of Philadelphia, was introduced before the middle of the 1st century AD. Today the Metropolis of Philadelphia is the see of a titular Orthodox metropolitan. Philadelphia (modern Alaşehir) was one of the oldest dioceses of Asia Minor, established during the 1st century AD. It was one of the Seven Churches of Asia mentioned in the New Testament Book of Revelation, by John the Apostle. From 325 AD it was the see", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 42 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5816516", "chunk_text": "Philadelphia\npopulation decline between 1950 and 2000 during which it lost about one-quarter of its residents. The city eventually began experiencing a growth in its population in 2007, which has continued with gradual yearly increases to the present. The geographic center of Philadelphia is located approximately at 40° 0′ 34″ north latitude and 75° 8′ 0″ west longitude. The 40th parallel north passes through neighborhoods in Northeast Philadelphia, North Philadelphia, and West Philadelphia including Fairmount Park. The city encompasses , of which is land and , or 6%, is water. Natural bodies of water include the Delaware and Schuylkill rivers, the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 43 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8519145", "chunk_text": "\"History of Pennsylvania\"\nUnited States after the 1940s, while Philadelphia is now the fifth largest city after New York, Los Angeles, Chicago, and Houston. Philadelphia anchors the sixth-largest metropolitan area in the country, while Pittsburgh is the center of the twenty-second largest metro area in the country. The growth of the Lehigh Valley has made it one of the seventy most populous metro areas in the country, while Pennsylvania also has six other metro areas among the top 200 most populous American metro areas. Philadelphia forms part of the Northeast megalopolis and is associated with the Northeastern United States, while Pittsburgh is part", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 44 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4468310", "chunk_text": "\"Northeast Philadelphia\"\nNortheast Philadelphia Northeast Philadelphia, nicknamed Northeast Philly, the Northeast and the Great Northeast, is a section of the City of Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. According to the 2000 Census, the Northeast has a sizable percentage of the city's 1.547 million people—a population of between 300,000 and 450,000, depending on how the area is defined. Beginning in the 1980s, many of the Northeast's middle class children graduated from college and settled in suburbs, especially nearby Bucks County. The Northeast is home to a large working class Irish American population, but is also home to Polish, German, Jewish, Italian, and Russian neighborhoods. Due to", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 45 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5816519", "chunk_text": "Philadelphia\ncourses. The original city plan was designed to allow for easy travel and to keep residences separated by open space that would help prevent the spread of fire. Penn planned the creation of five public parks in the city which were renamed in 1824 (new names in parentheses): Centre Square (Penn Square), Northeast Square (Franklin Square), Southeast Square (Washington Square), Southwest Square (Rittenhouse Square), and Northwest Square (Logan Circle/Square). Center City had an estimated 183,240 residents , making it the second-most populated downtown area in the United States, after Midtown Manhattan in New York City. Philadelphia's neighborhoods are divided into", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 46 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14189713", "chunk_text": "\"Sports in Philadelphia\"\nis one of just three cities in which one team from every league plays within city limits. These major sports teams are the Philadelphia Phillies of Major League Baseball, the Philadelphia Eagles of the National Football League, the Philadelphia 76ers of the National Basketball Association and the Philadelphia Flyers of the National Hockey League. Each team has played in Philadelphia since at least the 1960s, and each team has won at least one championship. Since 2010, the Greater Philadelphia area has been the home of the Philadelphia Union of Major League Soccer, making the Philadelphia market one of nine cities", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 47 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15195072", "chunk_text": "\"History of Philadelphia\"\nthe 19th century, the federal and state governments left Philadelphia, but the city remained the cultural and financial center of the country. Philadelphia became one of the first U.S. industrial centers and the city contained a variety of industries, the largest being textiles. After the American Civil War Philadelphia's government was controlled by a corrupt Republican political machine and by the beginning of the 20th Century Philadelphia was described as \"\"corrupt and contented.\"\" Various reform efforts slowly changed city government with the most significant in 1950 where a new city charter strengthened the position of mayor and weakened the Philadelphia", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 48 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3390442", "chunk_text": "\"History of Philadelphia\"\nStreets. Penn's ship anchored off the coast of New Castle, Delaware, on October 27, 1682, and he arrived in Philadelphia a few days after that. He expanded the city west to the bank of the Schuylkill River, for a total of 1,200 acres (4.8 km²). Streets were laid out in a gridiron system. Except for the two widest streets, High (now Market) and Broad, the streets were named after prominent landowners who owned adjacent lots. The streets were renamed in 1684; the ones running east-west were named after local trees (Vine, Sassafras, Mulberry, Cherry, Chestnut, Walnut, Locust, Spruce, Pine, Lombard,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 49 } ]
test_3572	who is currently serving as president of the senate?	n/a	[ "Orrin Hatch", "Patrick Leahy" ]	[]	n/a	n/a	n/a	[]	[ { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16239030", "chunk_text": "\"President pro tempore of the United States Senate\"\nof another. This tradition has been observed without interruption since 1949. Since enactment of the current Presidential Succession Act in 1947, the president pro tempore is third in the line of succession to the presidency, after the vice president and the Speaker of the House of Representatives and ahead of the Secretary of State. The current President pro tempore of the Senate is Utah Republican Orrin Hatch. Elected on January 6, 2015, he is the 90th person to serve in this office. On January 2, 2018, Hatch announced that he will retire from the Senate at the end of his", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 0 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "538363", "chunk_text": "\"President of the Senate\"\nA Vice-President of the Senate is also elected from among the senators. The current President of the Senate is Christine Kangaloo. The Vice President of the United States is assigned the responsibility of presiding over the Senate and designated as its president by the United States Constitution. The vice president, as President of the Senate, has the authority (\"\"ex officio\"\", for he or she is not an elected member of the Senate) to cast a tie-breaking vote. Other than this, the rules of the Senate grant its president very little power (in contrast to the powerful office of Speaker of", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 1 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "538365", "chunk_text": "\"President of the Senate\"\nU.S. federal government was established in 1789. The vice president with the most tie breaking votes is John Adams (served 1789–1797) with 29. The current Vice President Mike Pence, in office since January 2017, has cast seven tie-breaking votes. In state governments of the United States, the presiding officer of the state senate (the upper house) is a matter decided by the state's constitution. Some states designate the lieutenant governor as president of the senate, while in other states, the Senate elects its own president. The Tennessee Senate elects a senator Speaker of the Senate, who is given the title", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 2 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16239031", "chunk_text": "\"President pro tempore of the United States Senate\"\ncurrent term, January 3, 2019. Iowa Republican Chuck Grassley is likely to succeed Orrin Hatch as the President pro tempore, when the 116th United States Congress convenes, assuming the Senate continues with the tradition of electing the longest-serving member of the majority party. Although the position is in some ways analogous to the Speaker of the House of Representatives, the powers of the president pro tempore are far more limited. In the Senate, most power rests with party leaders and individual senators, but as the chamber's presiding officer, the president pro tempore is authorized to perform certain duties in the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 3 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5199541", "chunk_text": "\"President of the Senate\"\nis deemed the winner. In addition to overseeing the business of the chamber, chairing and regulating debates, deciding whether motions and bills are admissible, representing the Senate, etc., the President of the Senate stands in for the President of the Republic when s/he is unable to perform his/her duties. The current President of the Senate is Maria Elisabetta Alberti Casellati. For a historical listing, see: List of Presidents of the Senate of Italy. While the Vice President of Liberia serves as President of the Senate, the senators also elect from among their number a President pro tempore to lead the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 4 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7679187", "chunk_text": "\"Patrick Leahy\"\nPatrick Leahy Patrick Joseph Leahy (; born March 31, 1940) is an American politician serving as the senior United States Senator from Vermont, a seat to which he was first elected in 1974. A member of the Democratic Party, Leahy held the position of President pro tempore of the United States Senate from December 17, 2012, to January 6, 2015, and was thus during that time third in the presidential line of succession. Now in his eighth six-year term of office, he is currently (since the December 2012 death of Daniel Inouye) the most senior member of the Senate, and", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 5 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5371126", "chunk_text": "\"2018 United States Senate elections\"\nCruz's opponents. U.S. Representative Beto O'Rourke won the Democratic nomination on March 6, 2018. Other Democrats who ran include Irasema Ramirez Hernandez and Edward Kimbrough. Nurse Carl Bible ran as an independent. Bob McNeil ran as the candidate of the American Citizen Party. O'Rouke ran a strong campaign, creating a close race in a traditionally Republican stronghold. Nevertheless, Cruz was narrowly re-elected to a second term. Seven-term Republican Orrin Hatch was re-elected with 65% of the vote in 2012. Hatch is the President pro tempore of the United States Senate, as well as the second most-senior Senator. Before the 2012", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 6 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4048424", "chunk_text": "\"Patrick Leahy\"\ncharities, primarily the Kellogg–Hubbard library in Vermont where he read comic books as a child. Patrick Leahy Patrick Joseph Leahy (; born March 31, 1940) is an American politician serving as the senior United States Senator from Vermont, a seat to which he was first elected in 1974. A member of the Democratic Party, Leahy held the position of President pro tempore of the United States Senate from December 17, 2012, to January 6, 2015, and was thus during that time third in the presidential line of succession. Now in his eighth six-year term of office, he is currently (since", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 7 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2063070", "chunk_text": "\"United States\"\nTrump, the winner of the 2016 presidential election, is serving as the 45th President of the United States. Leadership in the Senate includes Republican Vice President Mike Pence, Republican President Pro Tempore Orrin Hatch, Majority Leader Mitch McConnell, and Minority Leader Chuck Schumer. Leadership in the House includes Speaker of the House Paul Ryan, Majority Leader Kevin McCarthy, and Minority Leader Nancy Pelosi. In the 115th United States Congress, both the House of Representatives and the Senate are controlled by the Republican Party. The Senate consists of 51 Republicans, and 47 Democrats with 2 Independents who caucus with the Democrats;", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 8 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9811213", "chunk_text": "\"President of the Massachusetts Senate\"\nstep down from his post while the Senate conducted investigations into allegations of sexual assault made against his husband, Bryon Hefner. Chandler moved from acting President to President of the Senate in February 2018. She relinquished that post on 26 July 2018, and was succeeded by Karen Spilka. Democrats have had a majority in the Senate since 1959. A = American, D = Democratic, R = Republican, W = Whig President of the Massachusetts Senate The President of the Massachusetts Senate is the presiding officer. In the United States Congress, the Vice President of the United States is the \"\"ex", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 9 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13027308", "chunk_text": "\"Arizona Senate\"\npresident in many states. As a result, the Senate elects its own presiding officer, the President of the Senate, who presides over the body, appoints members to all of the Senate's committees and to joint committees, and may create other committees and subcommittees if desired. The Senate President also appoints a President pro tempore, who serves for the duration of a session of the legislature, to preside in his absence, and may appoint a temporary President pro tempore in the absence of the President and President pro tempore. The current President of the Senate is Republican Steve Yarbrough of District", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 10 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9329127", "chunk_text": "\"Chuck Grassley\"\nOrrin Hatch leaves office on January 3, 2019, Grassley will be the most senior Republican in the Senate. On November 14, 2018, Grassley was nominated by the Republicans to be President pro tempore of the United States Senate for the 116th United States Congress. Grassley was born in New Hartford, Iowa, the son of Ruth (née Corwin) and Louis Arthur Grassley, and raised on a farm. He graduated from the town high school. At Iowa State Teachers College (now the University of Northern Iowa), he earned a B.A. in 1955 and an M.A. in Political Science in 1956. During his", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 11 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3741000", "chunk_text": "\"President of the Senate\"\nsenator from Victoria, who has held the office since 13 November 2017. At the start of every parliamentary session, the Senate of Barbados elects a President and a Vice President, neither of whom may be ministers or parliamentary secretaries. Prior to the January 2008 general election, the positions were held by Sir Fred Gollop and Dame Patricia Symmonds. The presiding officer of the Belgian Senate is elected by the senators at the beginning of each parliamentary term. The President of the Senate is customarily a member of a majority party with a great deal of political experience. The president presides", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 12 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19105213", "chunk_text": "\"United States Senate\"\nare fewer of them, and because they serve for longer terms, usually represent larger constituencies (the exception being House at-large districts, which similarly cover entire states), sit on more committees, and have more staffers. Far more senators have been nominees for the presidency than representatives. Furthermore, three senators (Warren Harding, John F. Kennedy, and Barack Obama) have been elected president while serving in the Senate, while only one Representative (James Garfield) has been elected president while serving in the House, though Garfield was also a Senator-designate at the time of his election to the Presidency, having been chosen by the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 13 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "308460", "chunk_text": "\"Ted Stevens\"\nTed Stevens Theodore Fulton Stevens Sr. (November 18, 1923 – August 9, 2010) was an American politician who served as a United States Senator from Alaska from 1968 to 2009. He was the longest-serving Republican U.S. Senator in history at the time he left office; his record was surpassed in January 2017 by Orrin Hatch from Utah. He was President pro tempore of the United States Senate in the 108th and 109th Congresses from January 3, 2003 to January 3, 2007 and was the third U.S. Senator to hold the title of President pro tempore emeritus. Stevens served for six", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 14 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5367668", "chunk_text": "\"2018 United States Senate elections\"\n2018 United States Senate elections Elections to the United States Senate were held on November 6, 2018. Thirty-three of the 100 seats were contested in regular elections, while two others were contested in special elections due to Senate vacancies in Minnesota and Mississippi. The winners were elected to six-year terms running from January 3, 2019, to January 3, 2025. Senate Democrats had 26 seats up for election (including the seats of two independents who caucus with them), while Senate Republicans had nine seats up for election. To maintain their working majority of 50 Senators and Republican Vice President Mike Pence", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 15 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5153261", "chunk_text": "\"Senate of Nigeria\"\nSenate. The Senate President is third in the Nigerian presidential line of succession. He is assisted by the Deputy President of the Senate. The current Senate President is Sen. Bukola Saraki and the current Deputy Senate President is Ike Ekweremadu both of the People's Democratic Party. The Senate President and his Deputy are also assisted by principal officers including the Majority Leader, Deputy Majority Leader, Minority Leader, Deputy Minority Leader, Chief Whip, Deputy Chief Whip, Minority Whip, and Deputy Minority Whip. In addition, there are 63 Standing Committees in the Senate chaired by Committee Chairmen. The lower house is the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 16 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16239028", "chunk_text": "\"President pro tempore of the United States Senate\"\nPresident pro tempore of the United States Senate The President pro tempore of the United States Senate (often shortened to president pro tem) is the second-highest-ranking official of the United States Senate. Article One, Section Three of the United States Constitution provides that the Vice President of the United States is the President of the Senate (despite not being a Senator), and mandates that the Senate must choose a President \"\"pro tempore\"\" to act in the Vice President's absence. Unlike the Vice President, the President pro tempore is an elected member of the Senate, able to speak or vote on", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 17 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3291126", "chunk_text": "\"President of the Massachusetts Senate\"\nPresident of the Massachusetts Senate The President of the Massachusetts Senate is the presiding officer. In the United States Congress, the Vice President of the United States is the \"\"ex officio\"\" President of the United States Senate. In Massachusetts, however, the President of the Senate is elected from and by the Senators. The President, therefore, typically comes from the majority party, and the President is then the \"\"de facto\"\" leader of that party. The most recent President of the Massachusetts Senate was Harriette Chandler, a Democrat who served as acting President following Stan Rosenberg's decision in December 2017 to temporarily", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 18 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2870689", "chunk_text": "\"President of the West Virginia Senate\"\nPresident of the West Virginia Senate The President of the West Virginia Senate is a member of the West Virginia Senate who has been elected to be its president by the other senators. The current Senate President is Mitch Carmichael, who has been in office since January 2017. In addition to serving as the Senate's presiding officer, the Senate President is also first in the line of succession to the office of Governor of West Virginia. As stated in Article 7, Section 16 of the West Virginia Constitution: \"\"In case of the death, conviction or impeachment, failure to qualify, resignation,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 19 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7413317", "chunk_text": "\"Presiding Officer of the United States Senate\"\nthe job. The presiding officer is usually addressed as \"\"Mr. President\"\" or \"\"Madame President.\"\" One exception is during impeachment trials of the president; the Chief Justice was referred to as \"\"Mr. Chief Justice\"\" both in 1868 and in 1999 while presiding over the Senate. During joint sessions of Congress in which the President of the United States is giving the address, practices have varied as to how the president refers to the vice president. Barack Obama and his predecessor George W. Bush addressed the vice president as \"\"Vice President Biden\"\" (in ) and \"\"Vice President Cheney\"\" (in and several previous", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 20 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5589596", "chunk_text": "\"2016 United States Senate elections\"\nwhere the winning party in every Senate election mirrored the winning party for their state in the presidential election. This election marks the first time since 2000 in which the party in opposition to the elected or reelected presidential candidate made net gains in the Senate, with both cases being a Republican president and Democratic gains in the Senate. With the retirement of Harry Reid, Chuck Schumer became the Democratic leader after the elections, while Mitch McConnell retained his position as Senate Majority Leader. All 34 Class 3 Senators were up for election in 2016; Class 3 consisted of 10", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 21 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17625865", "chunk_text": "\"Party leadership of the United States Senate\"\nof the Senate itself are the Vice President of the United States, who serves as President of the Senate, and the President pro tempore, the seniormost member of the majority, who theoretically presides in the absence of the Vice President. Unlike committee chairmanships, leadership positions are not traditionally conferred on the basis of seniority, but are elected in closed-door caucuses. <onlyinclude>Since January 3, 2015, the Republican Party has constituted a majority in the United States Senate.</onlyinclude> Since January 3, 2015, the Democratic Party has constituted a minority in the United States Senate. Party leadership of the United States Senate The", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 22 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16909973", "chunk_text": "\"Georgia State Senate\"\nhighest position in the Senate is the President of the Senate, a position currently held by Lieutenant Governor Casey Cagle. The second highest position is that of President Pro Tempore, currently held by Senator Butch Miller. The presiding officer of the Senate is the President of the Senate. A President Pro Tempore, usually a high-ranking member of the majority party, acts as President in case of the temporary disability of the President. In case of the death, resignation, or permanent disability of the President or in the event of the succession of the President to the executive power, the President", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 23 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1318684", "chunk_text": "\"President pro tempore of the United States Senate\"\nByrd (D-West Virginia) (2003–2007), Ted Stevens (R-Alaska) (2007–2009) and Patrick Leahy (D-Vermont) (2015–present). From 2009 to 2015, no senator met the requirements for the position. The position was created for Thurmond when the Democratic Party regained a majority in the Senate in June 2001. With the change in party control, Democrat Robert Byrd of West Virginia replaced Thurmond as president pro tempore, reclaiming a position he had previously held from 1989 to 1995 and briefly in January 2001. Thurmond's retirement from the Senate on January 3, 2003, coincided with a change from Democratic to Republican control, making Stevens president pro", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 24 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19105215", "chunk_text": "\"United States Senate\"\n\"\"senior senator\"\" is Bill Cassidy of Louisiana, who was sworn in January 3, 2015, and is currently 79th in seniority, ahead of senator John Neely Kennedy who was sworn in January 3, 2017, and is currently 95th in seniority. With the 116th Congress, Kyrsten Sinema of Arizona, who will be sworn in on January 3, 2019, will become the most-junior \"\"senior senator\"\", ahead of Martha McSally, who was appointed to replace retiring Jon Kyl . McSally will be sworn in after Sinema on January 3, 2019 . The Senate may expel a senator by a two-thirds vote. Fifteen senators have", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 25 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2847217", "chunk_text": "\"Nevada Senate\"\nthe Lieutenant Governor of Nevada serves as Senate President. In their absence, the President Pro Tempore presides and has the power to make commission and committee appointments. The President Pro Tempore is elected to the position by the majority party. The other partisan Senate leadership positions, such as the Leader of the Senate and Leader of the Opposition, are elected by their respective party caucuses to head their parties in the chamber. The current President of the Senate is Nevada Lieutenant Governor Kate Marshall of the Democratic Party. On the first day of a regular session, the Senate elects the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 26 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "538364", "chunk_text": "\"President of the Senate\"\nthe House of Representatives). While vice presidents used to regularly preside over the Senate, modern vice presidents have done so only rarely, usually only when swearing in new senators, during joint sessions, announcing the result of a vote on a significant bill or confirmation, or when casting a tie-breaking vote. The Senate chooses a president pro tempore to preside in the vice president's absence. Modern presidents pro tempore, too, rarely preside over the Senate. In practice, the junior senators of the majority party typically preside in order to learn Senate procedure. Vice presidents have cast 261 tie-breaking votes since the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 27 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4439602", "chunk_text": "\"President of the Senate\"\nExecutive Board also serves as the President of the Senate. The President of the Senate for the 2015–16 period of sessions is Roberto Gil Zuarth, a National Action Party (PAN) senator for Chiapas. The President of the Senate is the presiding officer of the Senate of Nigeria, elected by its membership. The President of the Senate is Dr. Bukola Saraki, who represents Kwara State for the APC. Peru had a bicameral Congress from 1829 until 1992. The President of the Senate was elected by the Senate members to preside over the sessions for one year. The first session of the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 28 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6660697", "chunk_text": "\"Ted Cruz\"\nHispanic American to serve as a U.S. Senator from Texas. In 2016, Cruz ran for President of the United States, winning 12 statewide contests during the Republican primaries before withdrawing from the race. Cruz was re-elected to the Senate in the 2018 midterm elections, defeating Democratic challenger Beto O'Rourke by a margin of 50.9% to 48.3% in the most expensive U.S. Senate race in U.S. history. Along with Bob Menendez and Marco Rubio, Cruz is currently one of three U.S. Senators of Cuban descent. Born Rafael Edward Cruz on December 22, 1970, at Foothills Medical Centre in Calgary, Alberta, to", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 29 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16239040", "chunk_text": "\"President pro tempore of the United States Senate\"\nDecember 1980), who was the retiring senior member of the Republican Party, which would hold the majority in the incoming 97th Congress. Three presidents pro tempore subsequently became Vice President: John Tyler, William R. King and Charles Curtis. Tyler is the only one to become president (in April 1841, following the death of William Henry Harrison). While the president pro tempore does have other official duties, the holders of the office have, like the vice president, over time ceased presiding over the Senate on a daily basis, owing to the mundane and ceremonial nature of the position. Furthermore, as the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 30 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20876502", "chunk_text": "\"2024 United States Senate elections\"\nincumbent Kevin Cramer was elected in 2018. Three-term Democratic incumbent Sherrod Brown was re-elected in 2018. Three-term Democratic incumbent Bob Casey Jr. was re-elected in 2018. Three-term Democratic incumbent Sheldon Whitehouse was re-elected in 2018. One-term Republican incumbent Marsha Blackburn was elected in 2018. Two-term Republican incumbent Ted Cruz was re-elected in 2018. One-term Republican incumbent Mitt Romney was elected in 2018. Three-term Independent incumbent Bernie Sanders was re-elected in 2018. Two-term Democratic incumbent Tim Kaine was re-elected in 2018. Four-term Democratic incumbent Maria Cantwell was re-elected in 2018. Two-term Democratic incumbent Joe Manchin was re-elected in 2018. Two-term Democratic", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 31 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18214885", "chunk_text": "\"President of the Senate of Puerto Rico\"\nThe president is typically elected during the Senate's inaugural session. When absent, the president is substituted by the President pro tempore. Its counterpart in the House is the Speaker. The current president is Thomas Rivera Schatz, senator at-large from the New Progressive Party. The president traces its history back to more than years ago when the Jones–Shafroth Act formally established the post on March 2, 1917. Said act was eventually superseded by another law, and the post was eventually established by the Constitution of Puerto Rico, specifically Article III, which establishes that, \"\"The Senate shall elect a President [...] from", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 32 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18086628", "chunk_text": "\"2022 United States Senate elections\"\nJohn McCain was re-elected in 2016. However, McCain died on August 25, 2018, leaving his seat temporarily vacant, and the incumbent of the 2022 election is unknown. Jon Kyl was appointed to continue the term, but Kyl announced his intention to let someone else be elected to finish the term. Two-term Republican incumbent John Boozman was re-elected in 2016. One-term Democratic incumbent Kamala Harris was elected in 2016. Two-term Democratic incumbent Michael Bennet was re-elected in 2016. Two-term Democratic incumbent Richard Blumenthal was re-elected in 2016. Two-term Republican incumbent Marco Rubio was re-elected in 2016. Three-term Republican incumbent Johnny Isakson", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 33 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4827063", "chunk_text": "\"Joe Biden\"\ntheir School of Public Policy and Administration after Biden, naming it the Joseph R. Biden, Jr. School of Public Policy and Administration, which also houses the Biden Institute U.S. Senators are popularly elected and take office January 3 for a six-year term (except when appointed to fill existing vacancies). Footnotes Books Joe Biden Joseph Robinette Biden Jr. (; born November 20, 1942) is an American politician who served as the 47th Vice President of the United States from 2009 to 2017. A member of the Democratic Party, he represented Delaware in the U.S. Senate from 1973 to 2009. Biden was", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 34 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19105197", "chunk_text": "\"United States Senate\"\nmajority of electors for Vice President, the duty falls to the Senate to elect one of the top two recipients of electors for that office. It further has the responsibility of conducting trials of those impeached by the House. The Senate is widely considered both a more deliberative and more prestigious body than the House of Representatives due to its longer terms, smaller size, and statewide constituencies, which historically led to a more collegial and less partisan atmosphere. The presiding officer of the Senate is the Vice President of the United States, who is President of the Senate. In the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 35 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3740999", "chunk_text": "\"President of the Senate\"\nthe Vice-President of the Republic, currently Gabriela Michetti. This was a recent expansion of the Vice-President's powers introduced as part of the 1994 constitutional amendments (Constitution, Art. 57). The Vice-President may only cast a vote to break a tied Senate vote. The President of the Australian Senate is a senator, traditionally a member of the governing party or coalition, elected by the Senate at the beginning of each parliament as the first item of business. They are assisted by a Deputy President who is traditionally a member of the largest opposition party. The current president is Scott Ryan, a Liberal", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 36 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19105220", "chunk_text": "\"United States Senate\"\nof the desk's drawer. Except for the President of the Senate, the Senate elects its own officers, who maintain order and decorum, manage and schedule the legislative and executive business of the Senate, and interpret the Senate's rules, practices and precedents. Many non-member officers are also hired to run various day-to-day functions of the Senate. Under the Constitution, the Vice President serves as President of the Senate. He or she may vote in the Senate (\"\"ex officio\"\", for he or she is not an elected member of the Senate) in the case of a tie, but is not required to.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 37 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12923236", "chunk_text": "\"Michelle Fischbach\"\na majority following the 2016 election, Fischbach was again elected to be president of the Senate on January 3, 2017. Fischbach became the 49th Lieutenant Governor of Minnesota when Tina Smith resigned to accept an appointment to the United States Senate. Smith was appointed by Minnesota Governor Mark Dayton to replace Al Franken, who resigned the seat over allegations of sexual harassment. Fischbach acknowledged having ascended to the role, but maintained she would remain in the Senate and referred to herself as 'acting' lieutenant governor. Fischbach said she intended to serve as lieutenant governor while retaining her senate seat, but", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 38 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12787694", "chunk_text": "\"Standing Rules of the United States Senate, Rule XIX\"\nhe is either an idiot or devious, and the senator from Pennsylvania qualifies in both ways.\"\" Heinz responded by storming to the front of the Senate with a rule book to invoke Rule 19. The presiding officer ordered Weicker to sit down and stop talking, halting debate on the amendment until Majority Leader Robert Byrd brokered a truce in which Weicker retracted his remarks and shook hands with Heinz. Senate Majority Leader Mitch McConnell (R-KY) invoked Rule XIX on February 7, 2017, against Senator Elizabeth Warren (D-MA) during a debate on the nomination of Senator Jeff Sessions (R-AL) to be", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 39 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20400798", "chunk_text": "\"Michael Thibodeau\"\n4, 2014 legislative elections, Thibodeau was chosen to be Senate President when the new legislative session begins on December 3, 2014. Thibodeau was reelected Senate President after his party held their majority, albeit a two seat loss to the Democrats. On October 17, 2017 Thibodeau announced his run for the 2018 Maine gubernatorial election. On March 26, 2018, it was announced that Thibodeau had withdrawn from the 2018 Maine Gubernatorial Election. Michael Thibodeau Michael D. Thibodeau (born July 16, 1966) is an American politician and businessman from Maine. Thibodeau is the President of the Maine Senate and first in line", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 40 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5674724", "chunk_text": "\"Vice President of the United States\"\nVice President of the United States The Vice President of the United States (informally referred to as VPOTUS, VP, or Veep) is the second-highest officer in the executive branch of the U.S. federal government, after the President of the United States, and ranks first in the presidential line of succession. The vice president is also an officer in the legislative branch, as President of the Senate. In this capacity, the vice president presides over Senate deliberations (or delegates this task to a member of the Senate), but may only vote to break a tie. The vice president also presides over", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 41 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11494190", "chunk_text": "\"2016 United States Senate elections\"\nSenator Chuck Schumer (Democrat) was re-elected with 66% of the vote in 2010. He was 66 years old in 2016. He ran for re-election. Chuck Schumer has been elected leader of the Senate Democrats succeeding Harry Reid. Wendy Long, the Republican nominee in 2012, ran as the nominee of Republican, Conservative, and Reform Parties. Other potential Republican candidates included U.S. Representatives Chris Gibson and Peter T. King. U.S. Representative Richard L. Hanna, Manhattan Republican Party Chairwoman Adele Malpass, and former CNBC television host Larry Kudlow were also mentioned as possible candidates, but all have declined to run. Robin Laverne Wilson,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 42 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15341617", "chunk_text": "\"John Alario\"\nJohn Alario John A. Alario Jr. (born September 15, 1943), is the current President of the Louisiana State Senate. He has served in the Louisiana State Legislature since 1972. He was a member of the Louisiana House of Representatives from 1972 to 2008. Alario was Speaker of the House twice. In 2007, he was elected to the Louisiana State Senate. He is currently serving his third term as a senator and his second term as the President of the State Senate. He is the second person in Louisiana and fourth in United States history to have been elected as both", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 43 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9071173", "chunk_text": "\"2016 State of the Union Address\"\npresidency ended on January 20, 2017. In an effort to expand on the presidential administration's use of the Internet to reach American citizens, the 2016 State of the Union Address broadcasts live on the White House website, as well as on the White House YouTube channel. Senate President pro tempore Orrin Hatch and Secretary of Homeland Security Jeh Johnson were the designated survivors for the 2016 address. The Address was watched by 31.3 million viewers. The President opened the speech by welcoming the Speaker, Vice President, Members of Congress, and fellow Americans. He noted that this was his eighth speech,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 44 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19105222", "chunk_text": "\"United States Senate\"\nlegislation or nomination, or when a tie vote on an important issue is anticipated. The Constitution authorizes the Senate to elect a president pro tempore (Latin for \"\"president for a time\"\") who presides over the chamber in the vice president's absence, and is, by custom, the senator of the majority party with the longest record of continuous service. Like the vice president, the president pro tempore does not normally preside over the Senate, but typically delegates the responsibility of presiding to a majority-party senator who presides over the Senate, usually in blocks of one hour on a rotating basis. Frequently,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 45 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3740998", "chunk_text": "\"President of the Senate\"\nPresident of the Senate The President of the Senate is a title often given to the presiding officer of a senate, and is the speaker of other assemblies. The senate president often ranks high in a jurisdiction's succession for its top executive office: for example, the President of the Senate of Nigeria is second in line for succession to the presidency, after only the Vice President of the Federal Republic, while in France, which has no vice president, the Senate President is first in line to succeed to the Presidential powers and duties. The Argentine Senate is presided over by", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 46 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9831471", "chunk_text": "\"Harry Reid\"\nthe Senate Majority Leader in 2007. He held that position for the last two years of George W. Bush's presidency and the first six years of Barack Obama's presidency. As Majority Leader, he helped pass major legislation such as the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act, the Dodd-Frank Act, and the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009. Republicans took control of the Senate following the 2014 Senate elections, and Reid served as Senate Minority Leader from 2015 to his retirement in 2017. Reid was succeeded as the Senate Democratic leader by Chuck Schumer, whose leadership bid had been endorsed", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 47 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5367679", "chunk_text": "\"2018 United States Senate elections\"\nDemocrat Debbie Stabenow was re-elected with 59% of the vote in 2012. She was renominated without Democratic opposition. On the Republican side, businessman John James won the nomination. In the final months of the election, polls showed the race was beginning to narrow. Ultimately, Stabenow was re-elected, defeating James. Two-term Democrat Amy Klobuchar was re-elected with 65% of the vote in 2012. She ran for re-election. State Representative Jim Newberger ran for the Republican nomination. Klobuchar was easily re-elected. Two-term Democrat Al Franken announced that he would resign in December 2017, following allegations of sexual harassment. Mark Dayton, Governor of", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 48 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5367669", "chunk_text": "\"2018 United States Senate elections\"\n(who is able to cast a tie-breaking vote in accordance with ), Republicans could only afford a net loss of one Senate seat in the 2018 elections. Three Republican-held seats were open as a result of retirements in Tennessee, Utah, and Arizona. Democrats were defending ten seats in states won by Donald Trump in the 2016 presidential election, while Republicans were only defending one seat in a state won by Hillary Clinton in 2016. The Republicans maintained a Senate majority following the 2018 elections, defeating Democratic incumbents in four states (Florida, Indiana, Missouri, and North Dakota). Democrats defeated a Republican", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 49 } ]
test_3573	what's the largest city park in the united states?	n/a	[ "Franklin Mountains State Park" ]	[]	n/a	n/a	n/a	[]	[ { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3011118", "chunk_text": "\"City Park (New Orleans)\"\nCity Park (New Orleans) City Park, a public park in New Orleans, Louisiana, is the 87th largest and 20th-most-visited urban public park in the United States. City Park is approximately 50% larger than Central Park in New York City, the municipal park recognized by Americans nationwide as the archetypal urban greenspace. Although it is an urban park whose land is owned by the City of New Orleans, it is administered by the City Park Improvement Association, an arm of state government, not by the New Orleans Parks and Parkways Department. City Park is unusual in that it is a largely", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 0 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16643852", "chunk_text": "\"City Park (New Orleans)\"\nnew amenity, called for in the park's 2005 master plan, has realized the long-held wish of surrounding neighborhoods for a pedestrian- and bicycle-only scenic walk akin to the popular facility long offered in Audubon Park, Uptown. City Park (New Orleans) City Park, a public park in New Orleans, Louisiana, is the 87th largest and 20th-most-visited urban public park in the United States. City Park is approximately 50% larger than Central Park in New York City, the municipal park recognized by Americans nationwide as the archetypal urban greenspace. Although it is an urban park whose land is owned by the City", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 1 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17487367", "chunk_text": "\"Urban park\"\nwas to allow city residents, especially the workers, to relax in nature. As time passed and the urban area grew around the parks, land in these parks was used for other purposes, such as zoos, golf courses and museums. These parks continue to draw visitors from around the region and are considered regional parks, because they require a higher level of management than smaller local parks. According to the Trust for Public Land, the three most visited municipal parks in the United States are Central Park in New York, Lincoln Park in Chicago, Mission Bay Park in San Diego. In", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 2 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19817487", "chunk_text": "\"Griffith Park\"\nGriffith Park Griffith Park is a large municipal park at the eastern end of the Santa Monica Mountains, in the Los Feliz neighborhood of Los Angeles, California. The park covers of land, making it one of the largest urban parks in North America. It is the second-largest city park in California, after Mission Trails Preserve in San Diego, and the 11th largest municipally owned park in the United States. It has also been referred to as the Central Park of Los Angeles but is much larger, more untamed, and rugged than its New York City counterpart. After successfully investing in", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 3 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6864847", "chunk_text": "\"Golden Gate Park\"\nGolden Gate Park Golden Gate Park, located in San Francisco, California, United States, is a large urban park consisting of of public grounds. It is administered by the San Francisco Recreation & Parks Department, which began in 1871 to oversee the development of Golden Gate Park. Configured as a rectangle, it is similar in shape but 20 percent larger than Central Park in New York, to which it is often compared. It is over three miles () long east to west, and about half a mile () north to south. With 13 million visitors annually, Golden Gate is the fifth", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 4 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15212756", "chunk_text": "\"South Mountain Park\"\nSouth Mountain Park South Mountain Park in Phoenix, Arizona is the largest municipal park in the United States, and one of the largest urban parks in North America and in the world. It has been designated as a Phoenix Point of Pride. South Mountain Park preserves in a natural state a mountainous area of or approximately of native desert vegetation. Originally called Phoenix Mountain Park, it was formed in 1924 when President Calvin Coolidge sold its initial 13,000 acres (53 km²) to the city of Phoenix for $17,000. It has since been expanded through bond programs during the 1970s into", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 5 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9248968", "chunk_text": "\"Newport News Park\"\nft (120 m) runway. The park welcomes geocaching, with dozens of geocaches in the park as of September 2018. Newport News Park Newport News Park, located in Newport News, Virginia, is the largest park in the system of municipal parks maintained by the Newport News Department of Parks, Recreation and Tourism. At 8,065 acres (32.63 km²), it is one of largest city-run parks in the United States. It offers a wide range of activities for residents and tourists alike. Newport News Park is located in the northern part of the city of Newport News. Its main entrance sits on Jefferson", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 6 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1598749", "chunk_text": "\"Protected areas of the United States\"\nrecreation areas. Various counties, cities, metropolitan authorities, regional parks, townships, soil conservation districts and other units manage a variety of local level parks. Some of these are little more than picnic areas or playgrounds; however, others are extensive nature reserves. South Mountain Park in Phoenix, Arizona, for example, is called the largest city park in the United States; it spans and contains of trails. Protected areas of the United States The protected areas of the United States are managed by an array of different federal, state, tribal and local level authorities and receive widely varying levels of protection. Some areas", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 7 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11906646", "chunk_text": "\"San Francisco Recreation & Parks Department\"\nvotes on the San Francisco Board of Supervisors but was not able to get the sixth vote necessary to put it on the ballot. The Department is responsible for over 220 neighborhood parks and Golden Gate Park, the largest and the fifth most visited park in the United States. The Golden Gate National Recreation Area is federal and is administered by the National Park Service. Golden Gate Park is San Francisco's premier municipal park. Planted in 1871 the park covers of land across the western edge of San Francisco. Configured as a rectangle the park is over three miles long", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 8 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15891799", "chunk_text": "\"Tourism in New York City\"\ngeneration Americans up and down the East Coast. New York City has over of parkland and 14 linear miles (22 km) of public beaches. Manhattan's Central Park, designed by Frederick Law Olmsted and Calvert Vaux, is the most visited city park in the United States. Prospect Park in Brooklyn, also designed by Olmsted and Vaux, has a meadow. Flushing Meadows-Corona Park in Queens, the city's third largest, was the setting for the 1939 World's Fair and 1964 World's Fair. According to NYC & Company, the official destination marketing organization for the city, the top producing countries for international visitors to", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 9 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15145285", "chunk_text": "\"Parks in Chicago\"\nParks in Chicago Parks in Chicago include open spaces and facilities, developed and managed by the Chicago Park District. The City of Chicago devotes 8.5% of its total land acreage to parkland, which ranked it 13th among high-density population cities in the United States in 2012. Since the 1830s, the official motto of Chicago has been \"\"Urbs in horto\"\", Latin for \"\"City in a garden\"\" for its commitment to parkland. In addition to serving residents, a number of these parks also double as tourist destinations, most notably Lincoln Park, Chicago's largest park, visited by over 20 million people each year,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 10 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14706983", "chunk_text": "Chicago\nChicago was incorporated in 1837, it chose the motto \"\"Urbs in Horto\"\", a Latin phrase which means \"\"City in a Garden\"\". Today, the Chicago Park District consists of more than 570 parks with over of municipal parkland. There are 31 sand beaches, a plethora of museums, two world-class conservatories, and 50 nature areas. Lincoln Park, the largest of the city's parks, covers and has over 20 million visitors each year, making it third in the number of visitors after Central Park in New York City, and the National Mall and Memorial Parks in Washington, D.C. There is a historic boulevard", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 11 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12993710", "chunk_text": "\"Golden Gate Park\"\nat Hellman Hollow. Since the park's conception, over 5,000 concerts have been held in the park. Golden Gate Park Golden Gate Park, located in San Francisco, California, United States, is a large urban park consisting of of public grounds. It is administered by the San Francisco Recreation & Parks Department, which began in 1871 to oversee the development of Golden Gate Park. Configured as a rectangle, it is similar in shape but 20 percent larger than Central Park in New York, to which it is often compared. It is over three miles () long east to west, and about half", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 12 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6471965", "chunk_text": "\"San Francisco\"\nZoo, a city-owned park that houses more than 250 animal species, many of which are endangered. The only park managed by the California State Park system located principally in San Francisco, Candlestick Point was the state's first urban recreation area. San Francisco is the first city in the U.S. to have a park within a 10-Minute Walk of every resident. It also ranks fifth in the U.S. for park access and quality in the 2018 ParkScore ranking of the top 100 park systems across the United States, according to the nonprofit Trust for Public Land. San Francisco—officially known as the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 13 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17805149", "chunk_text": "Chapultepec\nthat began in 2005 and ended in 2010. The government has authorized the construction of business, offices and big parking lots for cars. Chapultepec Park is the second largest city park in Latin America, after the Santiago Metropolitan Park in Chile, measuring in total just over 686 hectares (1700 acres). It is classed as one of the world's largest and most visited urban parks, along with Bois de Boulogne in Paris, the Imperial Gardens in Tokyo, and Central Park in New York City. The name \"\"Chapultepec\"\" means \"\"at the grasshopper hill\"\" in Nahuatl and refers to a large rock formation", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 14 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6983733", "chunk_text": "\"San Francisco\"\nparks maintained by the San Francisco Recreation & Parks Department. The largest and best-known city park is Golden Gate Park, which stretches from the center of the city west to the Pacific Ocean. Once covered in native grasses and sand dunes, the park was conceived in the 1860s and was created by the extensive planting of thousands of non-native trees and plants. The large park is rich with cultural and natural attractions such as the Conservatory of Flowers, Japanese Tea Garden and San Francisco Botanical Garden. Lake Merced is a fresh-water lake surrounded by parkland and near the San Francisco", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 15 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9248963", "chunk_text": "\"Newport News Park\"\nNewport News Park Newport News Park, located in Newport News, Virginia, is the largest park in the system of municipal parks maintained by the Newport News Department of Parks, Recreation and Tourism. At 8,065 acres (32.63 km²), it is one of largest city-run parks in the United States. It offers a wide range of activities for residents and tourists alike. Newport News Park is located in the northern part of the city of Newport News. Its main entrance sits on Jefferson Avenue, to the northwest of its intersection with Ft. Eustis Boulevard. Further up Jefferson Avenue is the entrance to", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 16 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12571729", "chunk_text": "\"New York City\"\nHistoric Places or as a National Historic Landmark such as, for example, the Stonewall Inn, part of the Stonewall National Monument in Greenwich Village, as the catalyst of the modern gay rights movement. There are seven state parks within the confines of New York City, including Clay Pit Ponds State Park Preserve, a natural area that includes extensive riding trails, and Riverbank State Park, a facility that rises over the Hudson River. New York City has over of municipal parkland and of public beaches. The largest municipal park in the city is Pelham Bay Park in the Bronx, with .", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 17 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9873088", "chunk_text": "\"Central Park\"\nCentral Park Central Park is an urban park in Manhattan, New York City. It is located between the Upper West Side and Upper East Side, roughly bounded by Fifth Avenue on the east, Central Park West (Eighth Avenue) on the west, Central Park South (59th Street) on the south, and Central Park North (110th Street) on the north. Central Park is the most visited urban park in the United States, with 40 million visitors in 2013, and one of the most filmed locations in the world. In terms of area, Central Park is the fifth-largest park in New York City,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 18 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14191205", "chunk_text": "\"Swope Park\"\nRobert A. Heinlein, who grew up in and around Kansas City. Swope Park Swope Park is an 1,805-acre city park in Kansas City, Missouri. It is the 51st-largest municipal park in the United States, and the largest park in Kansas City. It is named in honor of Colonel Thomas H. Swope, a philanthropist who donated the land to the city in 1896. In the , it hosts Starlight Theatre, an 8,000+ seat outdoor theater; the Swope Soccer Village sports complex; the Kansas City Zoological Park; ten shelter houses and a host of athletic venues including baseball diamonds, soccer fields, a", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 19 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "627732", "chunk_text": "\"Xavier Gold Rush and Gold Nuggets\"\ncountry teams compete on the City Park Cross Country Course in City Park, a public facility. The mostly flat course is approximately three miles from the XU campus and is near the corner of Wisner Boulevard and Harrison Avenue. Xavier competed twice at City Park in 2014, including the Gulf Coast Athletic Conference Championships. City Park covers 1,300 acres and was established in 1853. It is approximately 50 percent larger than Central Park in New York City. City Park holds the world's largest collection of mature live oak trees, some older than 600 years in age. Xavier's track and field", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 20 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9873091", "chunk_text": "\"Central Park\"\nin a public-private partnership. The Conservancy is a non-profit organization that contributes 75 percent of Central Park's $65 million annual budget and is responsible for all basic care of the 843-acre park. Central Park, which has been a National Historic Landmark since 1962, was designed by landscape architect and writer Frederick Law Olmsted and the English architect Calvert Vaux in 1858 after winning a design competition. They also designed Brooklyn's Prospect Park. Central Park is the fifth-largest park in New York City, behind Flushing Meadows-Corona Park, Van Cortlandt Park, the Staten Island Greenbelt, and Pelham Bay Park. Central Park is", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 21 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15806501", "chunk_text": "\"Neighborhoods in Saint Paul, Minnesota\"\nLuther Seminary, and thus is home to graduate students from across the world. The area's largest park is named for former St. Anthony Park resident Nathaniel P. Langford, who was responsible for the world's first national park, Yellowstone. Union Park, created from the merger between former Merriam Park, Snelling Hamline, and Lexington-Hamline District Councils, is a residential neighborhood featuring a large stock of early 20th-century housing, boutique-dominated commercial strips on Selby, Cretin and Cleveland avenues, and the Mississippi National River and Recreation Area forming the neighborhood's western border. Many residents of Union Park still identify their neighborhoods with the original", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 22 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19533945", "chunk_text": "\"Santa Monica Mountains National Recreation Area\"\nof a Mediterranean climate ecosystem in the world. It also protects one of the highest densities of archaeological resources in any mountain range in the world. In size the Santa Monica Mountains National Recreation Area is the largest urban national park in the United States and the largest urban national park in the world. The Woolsey Fire in November 2018 burned 83% of all National Parks Service land in the Santa Monica Mountains National Recreation Area. The Santa Monica Mountains NRA contains in the Santa Monica Mountains of the Transverse Ranges between the Pacific Ocean and inland valleys. Its southeastern", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 23 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19299305", "chunk_text": "\"Park system\"\nCapital Park and Planning Commission was formed to plan and acquire parklands along stream valley corridors in the then-rural northern and eastern suburbs of Washington, D.C. Over 33,000 acres (130 km²) are now protected in the Montgomery County, Maryland portion and provide welcome green space in this urbanized region. A major proposal for a park system was included in Patrick Abercrombie's 1943-4 County of London Plan. The largest continuous urban parks system in North America is the North Saskatchewan River valley parks system in Edmonton, Alberta, Canada, which is in size and in length, and also includes 22 ravines, which", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 24 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "903977", "chunk_text": "\"Pelham Bay Park\"\nPelham Bay Park Pelham Bay Park is a municipal park located in the northeast corner of the New York City borough of the Bronx. It is, at , the largest public park in New York City. The park is more than three times the size of Manhattan's Central Park. The park is operated by the New York City Department of Parks and Recreation (NYC Parks). Pelham Bay Park contains many geographical features, both natural and man-made. The park includes several peninsulas, including Rodman's Neck, Tallapoosa Point, and the former Hunter and Twin Islands. A lagoon runs through the center of", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 25 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3526821", "chunk_text": "\"City Park, Denver\"\nBy the 1870s however, Denver had gained a substantial permanent population, and many residents were clamoring for parks. In 1878, the Colorado state legislature passed a bill to allow Denver to acquire of state land to build parks. City Park became the largest tract turned into a park. The initial park layout was designed by Henry Meryweather in 1882 in the tradition of both English pastoral gardens and Central Park in New York City with a flowing, casual design. The 1893 World's Fair started the City Beautiful movement, which further developed the design. The park was irrigated with water from", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 26 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3489351", "chunk_text": "\"State park\"\nstate parks. The NASPD further counts over of trail, 217,367 campsites, and 8,277 cabins and lodges across U.S. state parks. The largest state park system in the United States is Alaska State Parks, with over 100 sites encompassing 3.3 million acres. Many states include designations beyond \"\"state park\"\" in their state parks systems. Other designations might be state recreation areas, state beaches, and state nature reserves. Some state park systems include long-distance trails and historic sites. The title of oldest state park in the United States is claimed by Niagara Falls State Park in New York, established in 1885. However", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 27 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15994583", "chunk_text": "\"Memorial Park, Houston\"\nMemorial Park, Houston Memorial Park, a municipal park in Houston, Texas, is one of the largest urban parks in the United States. Opened in 1924, the park covers approximately inside the 610 Loop, across from the neighborhood of Memorial. Memorial Drive runs through the park, heading east to downtown Houston and west to the 610 Loop. I-10 borders the park to the north. The park was originally designed by landscape architects Hare & Hare of Kansas City, Missouri. From 1917 to 1923, the land where the park currently exists was the site of Camp Logan, a U.S. Army training camp.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 28 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3011119", "chunk_text": "\"City Park (New Orleans)\"\nself-supporting public park, with most of its annual budget derived from self-generated revenue through user fees and donations. In the wake of the enormous damage inflicted upon the park due to Hurricane Katrina, the Louisiana Department of Culture, Recreation and Tourism began to partially subsidize the park's operations. City Park holds the world's largest collection of mature live oak trees, some older than 600 years in age. The park was founded in 1854, making it the 48th oldest park in the country, and established as the \"\"City Park\"\" in 1891. The park was originally a location used for dueling. In", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 29 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5693448", "chunk_text": "\"Tulsa parks and recreation\"\nof Historic Places. Mohawk Park, created in 1924, is Tulsa's largest park and one of the largest municipal parks in the United States. Located in North Tulsa, it covers , and includes hiking trails, picnic grounds and rest rooms. Much of the original development was done by the Civilian Conservation Corps (CCC) and Works Progress Administration (WPA). Among its features are the Tulsa Zoo, Oxley Nature Center, Lake Yahola and the Mohawk Park Golf Course. A soccer field was added in 2013. The original golf course opened in 1934, and has been expanded to 36 holes. Newblock Park was created", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 30 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13702836", "chunk_text": "Dallas\nis home to 47 community and neighborhood recreation centers, 276 sports fields, 60 swimming pools, 232 playgrounds, 173 basketball courts, 112 volleyball courts, 126 play slabs, 258 neighborhood tennis courts, 258 picnic areas, six 18-hole golf courses, two driving ranges, and 477 athletic fields. Dallas's flagship park is Fair Park. Built in 1936 for the Worlds Fair and the Texas Centennial Exposition, Fair Park is the world's largest collection of Art Deco exhibit buildings, art, and sculptures; Fair Park is also home to the State Fair of Texas, the largest state fair in the United States. Named after Klyde Warren,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 31 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4791116", "chunk_text": "\"Kansas City, Missouri\"\ncity's largest and most elaborate homes. The Paseo is a major north–south parkway that runs through the center of the city beginning at Cliff Drive. It was modeled on the \"\"Paseo de la Reforma\"\", a fashionable Mexico City boulevard. Swope Park is one of the nation's largest city parks, comprising , more than twice the size of New York City's Central Park. It features a zoo, a woodland nature and wildlife rescue center, 2 golf courses, 2 lakes, an amphitheatre, a day-camp, and numerous picnic grounds. Hodge Park, in the Northland, covers (1.61 sq. mi.). This park includes the Shoal", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 32 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1051980", "chunk_text": "\"Hyde Park (Niagara Falls, New York)\"\nHyde Park (Niagara Falls, New York) Hyde Park is a municipal park in Niagara Falls, New York. It is the largest city park in New York outside of Manhattan, and is located along Hyde Park Boulevard (NY 61). The park contains a golf course, bocce, lawn bowling, tennis and baseball. The largest structure in the park is Sal Maglie Stadium, named for Niagara Falls native and professional baseball player Sal Maglie. The park also features picnic pavilions, an Olympic-sized swimming pool, a rose garden, Hyde Park Lake (which is annually stocked with trout), and the Hyde Park Ice Pavilion. It", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 33 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15212758", "chunk_text": "\"South Mountain Park\"\nramadas and the summit, the park features 58 miles (93 km) of trails for cycling, hiking and horseback riding. Much of the original park infrastructure was constructed by the Civilian Conservation Corps in the early 1930s. The landmark Mystery Castle is located within its foothills. There is a variety of flora and fauna within South Mountain Park. One of the most notable flora is the Elephant tree, (\"\"Bursera microphylla\"\"), which exhibits multiple contorted trunk architecture. South Mountain Park South Mountain Park in Phoenix, Arizona is the largest municipal park in the United States, and one of the largest urban parks", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 34 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "310364", "chunk_text": "\"Golden Gate Park\"\nmost-visited city park in the United States after Central Park in New York City, Lincoln Park in Chicago, and Balboa and Mission Bay Parks in San Diego. In the 1860s, San Franciscans began to feel the need for a spacious public park similar to Central Park, which was then taking shape in New York City. Golden Gate Park was carved out of unpromising sand and shore dunes that were known as the Outside Lands, in an unincorporated area west of San Francisco's then-current borders. Conceived ostensibly for recreation, the underlying purpose of the park was housing development and the westward", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 35 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1422467", "chunk_text": "Toronto\nbuildings on floodplains was outlawed, and private lands were bought for conservation. In 1999, Downsview Park, a former military base in North York, initiated an international design competition to realize its vision of creating Canada's first urban park. The winner, \"\"Tree City\"\", was announced in May 2000. Approximately , or 12.5 percent of Toronto's land base is maintained parkland. Morningside Park is the largest park managed by the city, which is in size. In addition to public parks managed by the municipal government, parts of Rouge National Urban Park, the largest urban park in North America, is located in the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 36 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18993253", "chunk_text": "\"Parks in Greater St. Louis\"\nState Park with . The largest state park in the region is Meramec State Park, located near Sullivan, Missouri, with of parkland. The city of St. Louis owns and maintains more than one hundred parks, ranging in size from of Forest Park to less than . Parks are administered by the city of St. Louis Department of Parks, Recreation and Forestry, the National Park Service, or a separate private board, such as Tower Grove Park, which is maintained by a Board of Commissioners but remains city property. The Compton Hill Reservoir Park, which is owned by the city and maintained", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 37 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20073895", "chunk_text": "\"Flushing Meadows–Corona Park\"\nof the Grand Central Parkway and the fair grounds, housing the New York Hall of Science and the Queens Zoo), the \"\"Recreation & Garden Botanical Area\"\" (extending east of the fair grounds along the Kissena Creek corridor, housing the Queens Botanical Garden), the \"\"Historic World's Fair Core Area\"\", Meadow Lake, and Willow Lake. Flushing Meadows–Corona Park is the fourth-largest public park in New York City. It was long believed to be in size, but a survey concluded in 2013 found its actual size to be when accounting for major roads and other exclusions within the park's perimeter. This does not", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 38 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6699121", "chunk_text": "\"White City (Chicago)\"\nWhite City (Chicago) White City (sometimes listed as White City Amusement Park in print advertisements) was a recreational area located in the Greater Grand Crossing and Woodlawn community areas on the south side of Chicago from 1905 until the 1950s. At the time of its opening, on May 26, 1905, it was claimed to be the largest park of its type in the United States. It contributed to Chicago's status as the city with the most amusement parks in the United States until 1908. It eventually introduced the world to the Goodyear Blimp, which was first assembled at the park.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 39 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12611565", "chunk_text": "\"Schenley Park\"\nSchenley Park Schenley Park () is a large municipal park located in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, between the neighborhoods of Oakland, Greenfield, and Squirrel Hill. It is also listed on the National Register of Historic Places as a historic district. In 2011, the park was named one of \"\"America's Coolest City Parks\"\" by \"\"Travel + Leisure\"\". The park is made up of donated by Mary Schenley in 1889 and another that the city subsequently purchased from her. Another were acquired at a later date, bringing the park's total size to , and making it the second largest municipal park in Pittsburgh, behind", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 40 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15994588", "chunk_text": "\"Memorial Park, Houston\"\nPark Memorial Park, Houston Memorial Park, a municipal park in Houston, Texas, is one of the largest urban parks in the United States. Opened in 1924, the park covers approximately inside the 610 Loop, across from the neighborhood of Memorial. Memorial Drive runs through the park, heading east to downtown Houston and west to the 610 Loop. I-10 borders the park to the north. The park was originally designed by landscape architects Hare & Hare of Kansas City, Missouri. From 1917 to 1923, the land where the park currently exists was the site of Camp Logan, a U.S. Army training", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 41 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11513646", "chunk_text": "\"Chicago Park District\"\nChicago Park District The Chicago Park District is the oldest and one of the largest park districts in the United States. As of 2016, there are over 600 parks included in the Chicago Park District as well as 27 beaches, several boat harbors, two botanic conservatories, a zoo, and 11 museums. The Chicago Park District also has more than over 230 field houses, 78 public pools, and dozens of sports and recreational facilities, with year-round programming. The District is an independent taxing authority as defined by Illinois State Statute and is considered a separate (or \"\"sister\"\") agency of the City", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 42 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14191203", "chunk_text": "\"Swope Park\"\nSwope Park Swope Park is an 1,805-acre city park in Kansas City, Missouri. It is the 51st-largest municipal park in the United States, and the largest park in Kansas City. It is named in honor of Colonel Thomas H. Swope, a philanthropist who donated the land to the city in 1896. In the , it hosts Starlight Theatre, an 8,000+ seat outdoor theater; the Swope Soccer Village sports complex; the Kansas City Zoological Park; ten shelter houses and a host of athletic venues including baseball diamonds, soccer fields, a swimming pool, and Swope Memorial Golf Course, a public golf course", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 43 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6167773", "chunk_text": "\"Plano, Texas\"\nis named for the flat plains of the area, large trees abound in the city's many parks. One such tree, estimated to be over 200 years old, resides in Bob Woodruff park near Rowlett Creek on the city's east side. There are two main open space preserves: Arbor Hills Nature Preserve (200 acres) and Oak Point Park and Nature Preserve (800 acres). Bob Woodruff Park and Oak Point Park and Nature Preserve are connected by biking trails, making the green space one large uninterrupted park space that is larger than Central Park in New York City (840 acres). Go Ape,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 44 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5578088", "chunk_text": "\"Dog park\"\njump in 5 years, while overall parks increased only 3 percent. Portland, Oregon has the highest per capita in the USA with 5.7 dog parks for every 100,000 residents. Calgary, AB has the highest per capita in North America, with 15.9 dog parks for every 100,000 residents. There are now more American households with dogs than with kids of 43 million and 38 million respectively. \"\"It's a playground for people without kids.\"\" ASPCA benefits of dog parks Dog park A dog park is a park for dogs to exercise and play off-leash in a controlled environment under the supervision of", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 45 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13485811", "chunk_text": "\"City Park, Denver\"\nCity Park, Denver City Park is an urban park and neighborhood in Denver, Colorado. The park is and is located in east-central Denver. The park contains the Denver Zoo, the Denver Museum of Nature and Science, Ferril and Duck Lakes, and a boathouse. City Park is also the name of the neighborhood that contains the park, though the park is the vast majority of the neighborhood. To the immediate north of the park is the City Park Golf Course. City Park is the largest, while Washington Park is the most notable park in Denver. The park is located in east-central", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 46 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7695167", "chunk_text": "\"Belle Isle Park (Michigan)\"\nPark, this museum places special interest on Detroit's role on national and regional maritime history. The museum features exhibits such as one of the largest collection of model ships in the world, and the bow anchor of the legendary SS Edmund Fitzgerald. At , Belle Isle Park was the largest city island park (prior to its transfer to the State of Michigan as a state park) and is larger than Central Park in New York City, also designed by Olmsted. Detroit's River Rouge Park is . Prior to Belle Isle becoming a state park, the City's Parks and Recreation Department", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 47 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10922704", "chunk_text": "\"Geography of Minneapolis\"\ninterlinked in many places. Theodore Wirth is often credited with the development of this system that brought a playground within the reach of most children and the canopy of trees and boulevards in much of the city. The Mississippi National River and Recreation Area connects regional parks and visitors centers. Theodore Wirth Park is the largest in the city, shared with Golden Valley, and is about 60% the size of Central Park in New York City. Minnehaha Park is one of the most famous, the site of Minnehaha Falls and cultural heritage events every year. Tower Hill Park in Prospect", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 48 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6224965", "chunk_text": "\"Urban area\"\noverall density of at least 500 people per square mile (193 per square kilometer)\"\". The largest urban area in the United States is the New York metropolitan area. The population of New York City, the core of the metropolitan area, exceeds 8.5 million people, its metropolitan statistical area has a population that is over 20 million, and its combined statistical area population is over 23 million. The next six largest urban areas in the U.S. are Los Angeles, Chicago, Miami, Philadelphia, San Francisco, and Houston. About 82 percent of the population of the United States lives within the boundaries of", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 49 } ]
test_3574	what year is it for the jewish calendar?	n/a	[ "AM 5778", "5778" ]	[]	n/a	n/a	n/a	[]	[ { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8621127", "chunk_text": "\"Hebrew calendar\"\nHebrew calendar The Hebrew or Jewish calendar (, ) is a lunisolar calendar used today predominantly for Jewish religious observances. It determines the dates for Jewish holidays and the appropriate public reading of Torah portions, \"\"yahrzeits\"\" (dates to commemorate the death of a relative), and daily Psalm readings, among many ceremonial uses. In Israel, it is used for religious purposes, provides a time frame for agriculture and is an official calendar for civil purposes, although the latter usage has been steadily declining in favor of the Gregorian calendar. The present Hebrew calendar is the product of evolution, including a Babylonian", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 0 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8623449", "chunk_text": "\"Hebrew calendar\"\nmoon resulting from tidal friction because astronomy was not sufficiently developed in the 12th century (when Maimonides wrote his book) to detect this. 723–730. Hebrew calendar The Hebrew or Jewish calendar (, ) is a lunisolar calendar used today predominantly for Jewish religious observances. It determines the dates for Jewish holidays and the appropriate public reading of Torah portions, \"\"yahrzeits\"\" (dates to commemorate the death of a relative), and daily Psalm readings, among many ceremonial uses. In Israel, it is used for religious purposes, provides a time frame for agriculture and is an official calendar for civil purposes, although the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 1 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20017747", "chunk_text": "\"Jewish Talmudic Calendar\"\nJewish Talmudic Calendar The Jewish Talmudic Calendar is a lunisolar calendar using Tishri-years, observed by the Jewish people since the Late Antiquity (AD 300-700). While it is based on Nisan-years, which began from the prebiblical Babylonian times (c. 2000 BC), and the Tishri-years was formed in the time of David (c. 1000 BC), the full formation of the Jewish Talmudic Calendar was during the time of the writing of Talmud (c. AD 300-600), usually attributed to Hillel II. The ancient Israelite Calendar, no matter Nisan-years or Tishri-years, was determined by the astronomical observation of the New Moon, and the agricultural", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 2 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11254928", "chunk_text": "\"Jewish holidays\"\nJewish holidays Jewish holidays, also known as Jewish festivals or Yamim Tovim (, \"\"Good Days\"\", or singular Yom Tov, in transliterated Hebrew []), are holidays observed in Judaism and by Jews throughout the Hebrew calendar. They include religious, cultural and national elements, derived from three sources: Biblical \"\"mitzvot\"\" (\"\"commandments\"\"); rabbinic mandates; Jewish history and the history of the State of Israel. Jewish holidays occur on the same dates every year in the Hebrew calendar, but the dates vary in the Gregorian. This is because the Hebrew calendar is a lunisolar calendar (\"\"i.e.\"\", based on the cycles of both the sun", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 3 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14661840", "chunk_text": "Calendar\nLaos, Myanmar, Sri Lanka and Thailand are also based on an older version of the Hindu calendar. Most of the Hindu calendars are inherited from a system first enunciated in Vedanga Jyotisha of Lagadha, standardized in the \"\"Sūrya Siddhānta\"\" and subsequently reformed by astronomers such as Āryabhaṭa (AD 499), Varāhamihira (6th century) and Bhāskara II (12th century). The Hebrew calendar is used by Jews worldwide for religious and cultural affairs, also influences civil matters in Israel (such as national holidays) and can be used there for business dealings (such as for the dating of cheques). Bahá'ís worldwide use the Bahá'í", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 4 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7622733", "chunk_text": "\"Hebrew calendar\"\nepoch year number, the calendar rules reached their current form by the beginning of the 9th century, as described by the Persian Muslim astronomer al-Khwarizmi (c. 780–850 CE) in 823. One notable difference between the calendar of that era and the modern form was the date of the epoch (the fixed reference point at the beginning of year 1), which at that time was one year later than the epoch of the modern calendar. Most of the present rules of the calendar were in place by 823, according to a treatise by al-Khwarizmi. Al-Khwarizmi's study of the Jewish calendar, \"\"Risāla", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 5 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11938137", "chunk_text": "\"Hebrew calendar\"\nstarting from 1 CE (AD 1) will yield the Hebrew year. For earlier years there may be a discrepancy [see: Missing years (Jewish calendar)]. The \"\"Seder Olam Rabbah\"\" also recognized the importance of the Jubilee and Sabbatical cycles as a long-term calendrical system, and attempted at various places to fit the Sabbatical and Jubilee years into its chronological scheme. Occasionally, \"\"Anno Mundi\"\" is styled as \"\"Anno Hebraico (AH)\"\", though this is subject to confusion with notation for the Islamic Hijri year. Before the adoption of the current AM year numbering system, other systems were in use. In early times, the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 6 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11938129", "chunk_text": "\"Hebrew calendar\"\nthem alone. It may be noted that in the Bible the name of the first month, \"\"Aviv\"\", literally means \"\"spring\"\". Thus, if Adar was over and spring had not yet arrived, an additional month was observed. Traditionally, for the Babylonian and Hebrew lunisolar calendars, the years 3, 6, 8, 11, 14, 17, and 19 are the long (13-month) years of the Metonic cycle. This cycle forms the basis of the Christian ecclesiastical calendar and the Hebrew calendar and is used for the computation of the date of Easter each year During leap years Adar I (or Adar Aleph – \"\"first", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 7 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7622748", "chunk_text": "\"Hebrew calendar\"\nLand of Israel with Joshua. The month of Passover is the first month in the Samaritan calendar, but the year number increments in the sixth month. Like in the Rabbinic calendar, there are seven leap years within each 19-year cycle. However, the Rabbinic and Samaritan calendars' cycles are not synchronized, so Samaritan festivals—notionally the same as the Rabbinic festivals of Torah origin—are frequently one month off from the date according to the Rabbinic calendar. Additionally, as in the Karaite calendar, the Samaritan calendar does not apply the four rules of postponement, since they are not mentioned in the Tanakh. This", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 8 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11940575", "chunk_text": "\"Hebrew calendar\"\n7 are leap years of 13 months. To determine whether a Jewish year is a leap year, one must find its position in the 19-year Metonic cycle. This position is calculated by dividing the Jewish year number by 19 and finding the remainder. (Since there is no year 0, a remainder of 0 indicates that the year is year 19 of the cycle.) For example, the Jewish year divided by 19 results in a remainder of % 19, indicating that it is year of the Metonic cycle. Years 3, 6, 8, 11, 14, 17, and 19 of the Metonic cycle", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 9 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7622724", "chunk_text": "\"Hebrew calendar\"\nthe second month or removing one from the third month. A Jewish common year can only have 353, 354, or 355 days. A leap year is always 30 days longer, and so can have 383, 384, or 385 days. Whether a year is deficient, regular, or complete is determined by the time between two adjacent Rosh Hashanah observances and the leap year. While the \"\"keviyah\"\" is sufficient to describe a year, a variant specifies the day of the week for the first day of Pesach (Passover) in lieu of the year length. A Metonic cycle equates to 235 lunar months", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 10 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11940642", "chunk_text": "\"Hebrew calendar\"\n932d 2h 31 2/18m or 1d 2h 31 2/18m later after removing complete weeks. Allowing for the current difference of thirteen days between the civil and Julian calendars, the Julian date is 13+(248x0d 5h 47 4/18m) earlier, which is 72d 21h 28 16/18m earlier. Convert back to the civil calendar by applying the formula. So, in 20874 CE, the Jewish year is due to begin 87d 2h 31 2/18m later than in 2026 CE and 1d 2h 31 2/18m later in the week. In 20874 CE, therefore, the Jewish year is due to begin at 11.30 3/18 A.M. on Friday,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 11 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11938132", "chunk_text": "\"Hebrew calendar\"\ncalendar year conventionally begins on Rosh Hashanah. However, other dates serve as the beginning of the year for different religious purposes. There are three qualities that distinguish one year from another: whether it is a leap year or a common year, on which of four permissible days of the week the year begins, and whether it is a deficient, regular, or complete year. Mathematically, there are 24 (2×4×3) possible combinations, but only 14 of them are valid. Each of these patterns is called a \"\"keviyah\"\" (Hebrew קביעה for \"\"a setting\"\" or \"\"an established thing\"\"), and is encoded as a series", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 12 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11938127", "chunk_text": "\"Hebrew calendar\"\nan additional day to have 30 days, and the year is called a full (\"\"maleh\"\") year. The calendar rules have been designed to ensure that Rosh Hashanah does not fall on a Sunday, Wednesday or Friday. This is to ensure that Yom Kippur does not directly precede or follow Shabbat, which would create practical difficulties, and that Hoshana Rabbah is not on a Shabbat, in which case certain ceremonies would be lost for a year. The solar year is about eleven days longer than twelve lunar months. The Bible does not directly mention the addition of \"\"embolismic\"\" or intercalary months.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 13 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11938134", "chunk_text": "\"Hebrew calendar\"\ncreation of the world\"\" (March 22, 1178). He included all the rules for the calculated calendar and their scriptural basis, including the modern epochal year in his work, and beginning formal usage of the \"\"anno mundi\"\" era. From the eleventh century, \"\"anno mundi\"\" dating became dominant throughout most of the world's Jewish communities. Today, the rules detailed in Maimonides' calendrical code are those generally used by Jewish communities throughout the world. Since the codification by Maimonides in 1178, the Jewish calendar has used the Anno Mundi epoch (Latin for \"\"in the year of the world,\"\" abbreviated \"\"AM\"\" or \"\"A.M.\"\", Hebrew", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 14 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11940574", "chunk_text": "\"Hebrew calendar\"\n1st of Shevat is the new year for trees—so the school of Shammai; and the school of Hillel say: On the 15th thereof. The month of Elul is the new year for counting animal tithes (\"\"ma'aser behemah\"\"). \"\"Tu Bishvat\"\" (\"\"the 15th of Shevat\"\") marks the new year for trees (and agricultural tithes). For the dates of the Jewish New Year see Jewish and Israeli holidays 2000–2050 or calculate using the section \"\"Conversion between Jewish and civil calendars\"\". The Jewish calendar is based on the Metonic cycle of 19 years, of which 12 are common (non-leap) years of 12 months and", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 15 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11938133", "chunk_text": "\"Hebrew calendar\"\nof two or three Hebrew letters. See Four gates. In Hebrew there are two common ways of writing the year number: with the thousands, called (\"\"major era\"\"), and without the thousands, called (\"\"minor era\"\"). Thus, the current year is written as ' ‎() using the \"\"major era\"\" and ' ‎(%1000) using the \"\"minor era\"\". In 1178 CE, Maimonides wrote in the \"\"Mishneh Torah\"\", \"\"Sanctification of the Moon\"\" (11.16), that he had chosen the epoch from which calculations of all dates should be as \"\"the third day of Nisan in this present year ... which is the year 4938 of the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 16 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7622768", "chunk_text": "\"Hebrew calendar\"\nwhether each year is an ordinary or leap year by its position in the 19-year Metonic cycle. Years 3, 6, 8, 11, 14, 17, and 19 are leap years. Secondly, one must determine the number of days between the starting Tishrei \"\"molad\"\" (TM1) and the Tishrei \"\"molad\"\" of the next year (TM2). For calendar descriptions in general the day begins at 6 p.m., but for the purpose of determining Rosh Hashanah, a \"\"molad\"\" occurring on or after noon is treated as belonging to the next day (the first \"\"deḥiyyah\"\"). All months are calculated as 29d, 12h, 44m, 3s long (MonLen).", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 17 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7622725", "chunk_text": "\"Hebrew calendar\"\nin each 19-year cycle. This gives an average of 6939 days, 16 hours, and 595 parts for each cycle. But due to the Rosh Hashanah postponement rules (preceding section) a cycle of 19 Jewish years can be either 6939, 6940, 6941, or 6942 days in duration. Since none of these values is evenly divisible by seven, the Jewish calendar repeats exactly only following 36,288 Metonic cycles, or 689,472 Jewish years. There is a near-repetition every 247 years, except for an excess of about 50 minutes (905 parts). The annual calendar of a numbered Hebrew year, displayed as 12 or 13", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 18 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11938136", "chunk_text": "\"Hebrew calendar\"\n\"\"year 1\"\" is \"\"not\"\" Creation, but about one year before Creation, with the new moon of its first month (Tishrei) to be called \"\"molad tohu\"\" (the mean new moon of chaos or nothing). The Jewish calendar's epoch (reference date), 1 Tishrei AM 1, is equivalent to Monday, 7 October 3761 BC/BCE in the proleptic Julian calendar, the equivalent tabular date (same daylight period) and is about one year \"\"before\"\" the traditional Jewish date of Creation on 25 Elul AM 1, based upon the \"\"Seder Olam Rabbah\"\". Thus, adding 3760 before Rosh Hashanah or 3761 after to a Julian year number", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 19 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20017751", "chunk_text": "\"Jewish Talmudic Calendar\"\n(adding in a 30-day Adar I, and making the 29-day month Adar II). There are times when a common year is 353 days, or a leap year is 383 days; these are called the Defective Years. When a common year is 355 days, or a leap year is 385 days, these are called the Excessive Years. In Defective years, the regularly 30-day Kislev is made 29 days; in Excessive Years, the regularly 29-day Heshvan is made 30 days. Jewish Talmudic Calendar is coupled with the Rabbinical Chronology, taking Monday, (Julian) Oct 7, 3761 BC. as the date of creation, and", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 20 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20017754", "chunk_text": "\"Jewish Talmudic Calendar\"\nfixd the leap years in the year with these golden numbers: 3, 6, 8, 11, 14, 17, 19. If we mark a Leap year as L, the Followship Year as F, and the Other common year as O, we have Because the Julian years are 365 and a quarter days, in every 28 years the weekday pattern will repeat. This is call the Sun Cycle. The beginning of this cycle is arbitrary. Because every 50 years is a Jubilee year, there is a Yobel Cycle; Because every seven years is a sabbatical year, there is a seven-year Release Cycle. The", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 21 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20017756", "chunk_text": "\"Jewish Talmudic Calendar\"\nout at the end of Iggul 21; another is to adopt the synodic month to be the more accurate 29.53058868 days, thus the length of the year would be (2351326-1)/(191326) = 365.2426 days, very close to the actual 365.2422 days of the tropical year. The result is the \"\"Hebrew Calendar\"\" in the program CalMaster2000. Jewish Talmudic Calendar The Jewish Talmudic Calendar is a lunisolar calendar using Tishri-years, observed by the Jewish people since the Late Antiquity (AD 300-700). While it is based on Nisan-years, which began from the prebiblical Babylonian times (c. 2000 BC), and the Tishri-years was formed in", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 22 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11938117", "chunk_text": "\"Hebrew calendar\"\nThese rules are implemented by adding an extra day to Marcheshvan (making it 30 days long) or by removing one day from Kislev (making it 29 days long). Accordingly, a common Hebrew calendar year can have a length of 353, 354 or 355 days, while a leap Hebrew calendar year can have a length of 383, 384 or 385 days. The Hebrew calendar is a lunisolar calendar, meaning that months are based on lunar months, but years are based on solar years. The calendar year features twelve lunar months of twenty-nine or thirty days, with an intercalary lunar month added", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 23 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11940643", "chunk_text": "\"Hebrew calendar\"\n14 June. Because of the displacements, it actually begins on Saturday, 15 June. Odd months have 30 days and even months 29, so the starting dates are 2, 15 July; 3, 13 August; 4, 12 September; 5, 11 October; 6, 10 November; 7, 9 December, and 8, 8 January. The rules are based on the theory that Maimonides explains in his book \"\"Rabbinical Astronomy\"\" – no allowance is made for the secular (centennial) decrease of ½ second in the length of the mean tropical year and the increase of about four yards in the distance between the earth and the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 24 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11940640", "chunk_text": "\"Hebrew calendar\"\nis applied to the calendar one is converting into. A negative value indicates that the Julian date is ahead of the civil date. In this case it is important to remember that when calculating the civil equivalent of February 29 (Julian), February 29 is discounted. Thus if the calculated value is −4 the civil equivalent of this date is February 24. Before 1 CE use astronomical years rather than years BCE. The astronomical year is (year BCE) – 1. Up to the 4th century CE, these tables give the day of the Jewish month to within a day or so", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 25 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20017750", "chunk_text": "\"Jewish Talmudic Calendar\"\nthe previous evening, at the time of sunset, when three mediums sized stars appear. Practically it begins from 6:00 p.m. (18:00) Jerusalem time (16:00 Universal Time). A day is divided into 24 hours, each with 1080 parts (halakim). Thus each minute is composed of 18 halakim; each halakim is 3.33 seconds. There are twelve months in a common year, and thirteen months in a leap year. The New Years Day (Rosh Hashana) is Tishri 1. The months are 30 days and 29 days in turns. A regular common year is 354 days; while a regular leap year is 384 days", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 26 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11940605", "chunk_text": "\"Hebrew calendar\"\ncelebrate the Gregorian New Year (usually known as \"\"Silvester Night\"\"—\"\"ליל סילבסטר\"\") on the night between 31 December and 1 January. Prominent rabbis have on several occasions sharply denounced this practice, but with no noticeable effect on the secularist celebrants. Wall calendars commonly used in Israel are hybrids. Most are organised according to Gregorian rather than Jewish months, but begin in September, when the Jewish New Year usually falls, and provide the Jewish date in small characters. Outside of Rabbinic Judaism, evidence shows a diversity of practice. Karaites use the lunar month and the solar year, but the Karaite calendar differs", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 27 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11938119", "chunk_text": "\"Hebrew calendar\"\nthe basic Hebrew calendar year is one of twelve lunar months alternating between 29 and 30 days: In leap years (such as 5779) an additional month, Adar I (30 days) is added after Shevat, while the regular Adar is referred to as \"\"Adar II.\"\" The insertion of the leap month mentioned above is based on the requirement that Passover—the festival celebrating the Exodus from Egypt, which took place in the spring—always occurs in the [northern hemisphere's] spring season. Since the adoption of a fixed calendar, intercalations in the Hebrew calendar have been assigned to fixed points in a 19-year cycle.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 28 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11940641", "chunk_text": "\"Hebrew calendar\"\nand the number of the month to within a month or so. From the 4th century, the number of the month is given exactly and from the 9th century the day of the month is given exactly as well. In the Julian calendar, every 76 years the Jewish year is due to start 5h 47 14/18m earlier, and 3d 18h 12 4/18m later in the week. On what civil date does the eighth month begin in CE 20874-5? 20874=2026+(248x76). In (248x76) Julian years the Jewish year is due to start (248x3d 18h 12 4/18m) later in the week, which is", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 29 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10650919", "chunk_text": "\"Seder Olam Rabbah\"\nin the latter are based on it. Finally, many of the sayings of the \"\"Seder 'Olam\"\" have been taken into the Mekilta, the Sifra, and the Sifre. The current Hebrew calendar year numbering system, which counts years from the creation, has been in use for more than 1000 years. The year numbering system was adopted sometime before 3925 Anno Mundi (165 CE), and based on the calculation of Rabbi Yose ben Halafta during about 160 CE in the book Seder Olam Rabbah. The year numbers are based on the computations of dates and periods found in the Hebrew Bible. In", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 30 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11938124", "chunk_text": "\"Hebrew calendar\"\ncount the year by months and not by days.\"\" Both the Syrian calendar, currently used in the Arabic-speaking countries of the Fertile crescent, and the modern Assyrian calendar share many of the names for months with the Hebrew calendar, such as Nisan, Iyyar, Tammuz, Ab, Elul, Tishri and Adar, indicating a common origin. The origin is thought to be the Babylonian calendar. The modern Turkish calendar includes the names Şubat (February), Nisan (April), Temmuz (July) and Eylul (September). The former name for October was Tesrin. Babylonian exile The Jewish people left Babylon and returned to live in Judea around 586", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 31 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11940573", "chunk_text": "\"Hebrew calendar\"\na long time. The use of multiple starting dates for a year is comparable to different starting dates for civil \"\"calendar years\"\", \"\"tax or fiscal years\"\", \"\"academic years\"\", \"\"religious cycles\"\", etc. By the time of the redaction of the \"\"Mishnah\"\", (c. 200 CE), jurists had identified four new-year dates: The 1st of Nisan is the new year for kings and feasts; the 1st of Elul is the new year for the tithe of cattle... the 1st of Tishri is the new year for years, of the years of release and jubilee years, for the planting and for vegetables; and the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 32 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11940597", "chunk_text": "\"Hebrew calendar\"\nthe entire computed calendar was due to Hillel b. Yehuda in response to persecution of Jews. Maimonides, in the 12th century, stated that the Mishnaic calendar was used \"\"until the days of Abaye and Rava\"\", who flourished c. 320–350 CE, and that the change came when \"\"the land of Israel was destroyed, and no permanent court was left.\"\" Taken together, these two traditions suggest that Hillel b. Yehuda (whom they identify with the mid-4th-century Jewish patriarch Ioulos, attested in a letter of the Emperor Julian, and the Jewish patriarch Ellel, mentioned by Epiphanius) instituted the computed Hebrew calendar because of", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 33 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8621130", "chunk_text": "\"Hebrew calendar\"\nyear; and about every 231 years it will fall a day behind the mean Gregorian calendar year. The era used since the Middle Ages is the epoch (Latin for \"\"in the year of the world\"\"; , \"\"from the creation of the world\"\"). As with (A.D. or AD), the words or abbreviation for (A.M. or AM) for the era should properly \"\"precede\"\" the date rather than follow it. AM began at sunset on and will end at sunset on . The Jewish day is of no fixed length. The Jewish day is modeled on the reference to \"\"...there was evening and", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 34 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8621128", "chunk_text": "\"Hebrew calendar\"\ninfluence. Until the Tannaitic period (approximately 10–220 CE), the calendar employed a new crescent moon, with an additional month normally added every two or three years to correct for the difference between twelve lunar months and the solar year. The year in which it was added was based on observation of natural agriculture-related events in Israel. Through the Amoraic period (200–500 CE) and into the Geonic period, this system was gradually displaced by the mathematical rules used today. The principles and rules were fully codified by Maimonides in the in the 12th century. Maimonides' work also replaced counting \"\"years since", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 35 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11940637", "chunk_text": "\"Hebrew calendar\"\nthe following day if the previous year was due to begin on Monday morning. The table below lists, for a Jewish year commencing on 23 March, the civil date of the first day of each month. If the year does not begin on 23 March, each month's first day will differ from the date shown by the number of days that the start of the year differs from 23 March. The correct column is the one which shows the correct starting date for the following year in the last row. If 29 February falls within a Jewish month the first", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 36 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11940604", "chunk_text": "\"Hebrew calendar\"\nNevertheless, since the 1950s usage of the Hebrew calendar has steadily declined, in favor of the Gregorian calendar. At present, Israelis—except for the religiously observant—conduct their private and public life according to the Gregorian calendar, although the Hebrew calendar is still widely acknowledged, appearing in public venues such as banks (where it is legal for use on cheques and other documents, though only rarely do people make use of this option) and on the mastheads of newspapers. The Jewish New Year (Rosh Hashanah) is a two-day public holiday in Israel. However, since the 1980s an increasing number of secular Israelis", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 37 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19770769", "chunk_text": "\"Missing years (Jewish calendar)\"\nMissing years (Jewish calendar) The missing years in the Hebrew calendar refer to a chronological discrepancy between Talmudic chronologists for the destruction of the First Temple in 423 BCE (3338 AM) and the modern secular dating for it in 587 BCE. Both the Babylonian Chronicles and the biblical Chronicles indicate that Nebuchadnezzar captured Jerusalem, but secular scholars have attempted to set a year when the event took place. The Babylonian Chronicles, which were published by Donald Wiseman in 1956, establish that Nebuchadnezzar captured Jerusalem the first time on 2 Adar (16 March) 597 BCE. The Chronicles, with the names of", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 38 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11938116", "chunk_text": "\"Hebrew calendar\"\nritual liturgy a phrase like \"\"Yom Reviʻi bəShabbat\"\" means \"\"the fourth day in the week\"\". The period from 1 Adar (or Adar II, in leap years) to 29 Marcheshvan contains all of the festivals specified in the Bible – Purim (14 Adar), Pesach (15 Nisan), Shavuot (6 Sivan), Rosh Hashanah (1 Tishrei), Yom Kippur (10 Tishrei), Sukkot (15 Tishrei), and Shemini Atzeret (22 Tishrei). This period is fixed, during which no adjustments are made. There are additional rules in the Hebrew calendar to prevent certain holidays from falling on certain days of the week. (See Rosh Hashanah postponement rules, below.)", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 39 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20017753", "chunk_text": "\"Jewish Talmudic Calendar\"\naccording to the Rabbinical Chronology (3761 BC) is taken as year 1 in the first Small Mahzor. The Greek cycle begins from an arbitrarily year, usually from the beginning of the Common Era (Anno Domini). If every 13 Small Mahzor is called an Iggul, because 12 times 2 hours is a day, and 30 days are a month, in less than 30 Igguls a whole intercalary month should be removed. The position of the years in a Small Mahzor is called the Golden Number. The pattern of the leap years will change slightly each Iggul, but the Jewish Talmudic Calendar", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 40 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7622730", "chunk_text": "\"Hebrew calendar\"\nthree, four or five days for leap years in deficient, regular or complete years, respectively. See Jewish and Israeli holidays 2000–2050 The Tanakh contains several commandments related to the keeping of the calendar and the lunar cycle, and records changes that have taken place to the Hebrew calendar. It has been noted that the procedures described in the Mishnah and Tosefta are all plausible procedures for regulating an empirical lunar calendar. Fire-signals, for example, or smoke-signals, are known from the pre-exilic Lachish ostraca. Furthermore, the Mishnah contains laws that reflect the uncertainties of an empirical calendar. Mishnah Sanhedrin, for example,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 41 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11940571", "chunk_text": "\"Hebrew calendar\"\necclesiastical year. On that day the formal New Year for the counting of years (such as Shmita and Yovel), Rosh Hashanah (\"\"head of the year\"\") is observed. (see , which uses the phrase \"\"beginning of the year\"\".) This is the civil new year, and the date on which the year number advances. Certain agricultural practices are also marked from this date. In the 1st century, Josephus stated that while – Moses...appointed Nisan...as the first month for the festivals...the commencement of the year for everything relating to divine worship, but for selling and buying and other ordinary affairs he preserved the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 42 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11940570", "chunk_text": "\"Hebrew calendar\"\nJudaism, the verses in require that the months be determined by a proper court with the necessary authority to sanctify the months. Hence the court, not the astronomy, has the final decision. According to some Christian and Karaite sources, the tradition in ancient Israel was that 1 Nisan would not start until the barley is ripe, being the test for the onset of spring. If the barley was not ripe, an intercalary month would be added before Nisan. The day most commonly referred to as the \"\"New Year\"\" is 1 Tishrei, which actually begins in the seventh month of the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 43 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8623428", "chunk_text": "\"Hebrew calendar\"\nby these criteria (as it was in AM 5765 and 5768, the 8th and 11th years of the 19-year cycle = Gregorian 2005 and 2008 CE). Presently, this occurs after the \"\"premature\"\" insertion of a leap month in years 8, 11, and 19 of each 19-year cycle, which causes the northward equinox to land on exceptionally early Hebrew dates in such years. This problem will get worse over time, and so beginning in AM 5817 (2057 CE), year 3 of each 19-year cycle will also be a month late. If the calendar is not amended, then Passover will start to", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 44 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3434349", "chunk_text": "\"New moon\"\nis considered an important date and minor holiday in the Hebrew calendar. The modern form of the calendar is a rule-based lunisolar calendar, akin to the Chinese calendar, measuring months defined in lunar cycles as well as years measured in solar cycles, and distinct from the purely lunar Islamic calendar and the predominantly solar Gregorian calendar. The Jewish calendar is calculated based on mathematical rules designed to ensure that festivals are observed in their traditional season. Passover always falls in the springtime. This fixed lunisolar calendar follows rules introduced by Hillel II and refined until the ninth century This calculation", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 45 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7665621", "chunk_text": "\"Islamic calendar\"\ncorresponding to the first month of the Jewish year which begins in 20874 AD/CE. Dividing 20874 by 19 gives quotient 1098 and remainder 12. Dividing 2026 by 19 gives quotient 106 and remainder 12. 2026 is chosen because it gives the same remainder on division by 19 as 20874. The two years are therefore (1098–106)=992×19 years apart. The Muslim month number corresponding to the first Jewish month is therefore 992×7=6944 higher than in 2026. To convert into years and months divide by twelve – 6944/12=578 years and 8 months. Adding, we get 1447y 10m + 20874y – 2026y + 578y", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 46 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11940602", "chunk_text": "\"Hebrew calendar\"\nsurviving calendars that were made in Auschwitz, both of which were made by women. Before this, the tradition of making a Hebrew calendar was greatly assumed to be the job of a man in Jewish society. Early Zionist pioneers were impressed by the fact that the calendar preserved by Jews over many centuries in far-flung diasporas, as a matter of religious ritual, was geared to the climate of their original country: the Jewish New Year marks the transition from the dry season to the rainy one, and major Jewish holidays such as Sukkot, Passover, and Shavuot correspond to major points", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 47 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "962193", "chunk_text": "Judaism\ndrinking wine, eating special pastries called hamantashen, dressing up in masks and costumes, and organizing carnivals and parties. Purim has celebrated annually on the 14th of the Hebrew month of Adar, which occurs in February or March of the Gregorian calendar. Hanukkah (, \"\"dedication\"\") also known as the Festival of Lights, is an eight-day Jewish holiday that starts on the 25th day of Kislev (Hebrew calendar). The festival is observed in Jewish homes by the kindling of lights on each of the festival's eight nights, one on the first night, two on the second night and so on. The holiday", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 48 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11940572", "chunk_text": "\"Hebrew calendar\"\nancient order [i. e. the year beginning with Tishrei].\"\" Edwin Thiele has concluded that the ancient northern Kingdom of Israel counted years using the ecclesiastical new year starting on 1 Aviv (Nisan), while the southern Kingdom of Judah counted years using the civil new year starting on 1 Tishrei. The practice of the Kingdom of Israel was also that of Babylon, as well as other countries of the region. The practice of Judah is still followed. In fact the Jewish calendar has a multiplicity of new years for different purposes. The use of these dates has been in use for", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 49 } ]
test_3575	first dynasty to issue gold coins in india?	n/a	[ "The Gupta Empire" ]	[]	n/a	n/a	n/a	[]	[ { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1238769", "chunk_text": "\"Coinage of India\"\nearlier Western Satraps by Chandragupta II. The splendid gold coinage of Guptas, with its many types and infinite varieties and its inscriptions in Sanskrit, are the finest examples of the purely Indian art that we possess. Their era starts from around 320 with Chandragupta I's accession to the throne.Son of Chandragupta I-Samudragupta, the real founder of the Gupta Empire had coinage made of gold only. There were seven different varieties of coins that appeared during his reign. Out of them the archer type is the most common and characteristic type of the Gupta dynasty coins, which were struck by at", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 0 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1904499", "chunk_text": "\"Alupa dynasty\"\nthree dynasties that issued gold coins as early as 8th century CE. The gold that used to mint coins came from trade with the Romans, Arabs and from the adjacent kingdom of Gangas. No other ancient dynasties of the south have issued that many varieties of gold coins as Alupas and Gangas did. The coins of both Gangas and Alupas have inscriptions that helps in dating the period of issue. Unfortunately these coins have not drawn much attention compared to that of Chalukyas or Hoysals. But for sure, they have inspired later dynasties as a prototype or basis to issue", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 1 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "289967", "chunk_text": "\"Coinage of India\"\nBCE. There are actually vast uncertainties regarding the actual time punch-marked coinage started in India, with proposal ranging from 1000 BCE to 500 BCE. However, the study of the relative chronology of these coins has successfully established that the first punch-marked coins initially only had one or two punches, with the number of punches increasing over time. The first coins in India may have been minted around the 6th century BCE by the Mahajanapadas of the Indo-Gangetic Plain, The coins of this period were punch-marked coins called \"\"Puranas\"\", \"\"Karshapanas\"\" or \"\"Pana\"\". Several of these coins had a single symbol, for", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 2 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16965319", "chunk_text": "\"Gupta script\"\nin Bharatpur district of Rajasthan) hoard, discovered in 1946, which contained more than 2000 gold coins issued by the Gupta Kings. Many of the Gupta Empire’s coins bear inscriptions of legends or mark historic events. In fact, it was one of the first Indian Empires to do so, probably as a result of its unprecedented prosperity. Almost every Gupta king issued coins, beginning with its first king, Chandragupta I. The scripts on the coin are also of a different nature compared to scripts on pillars, due to conservatism regarding the coins that were to be accepted as currency, which would", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 3 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10671036", "chunk_text": "\"Coinage of India\"\nCoinage of India Coinage of India, issued by imperial dynasties and middle kingdoms, began anywhere between the 1st millennium BCE to the 6th century BCE, and consisted mainly of copper and silver coins in its initial stage. Scholars remain divided over the origins of Indian coinage. Cowry shells was first used in India as commodity money. The Indus Valley Civilization dates back between 2500 BCE and 1750 BCE. What is known, however, is that metal currency was minted in India well before the Mauryan Empire (322–185 BCE), and as radio carbon dating indicates, before the 5th century BCE. The practice", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 4 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16142146", "chunk_text": "\"Coinage of India\"\nhemidrachms of Apollodotos and Philoxenos, they are all round, are struck to the Persian (or Indian) standard, and all have inscriptions in both Greek and Kharoshthi characters. Coinage of Indo-Greek kingdom began to increasingly influence coins from other regions of India by the 1st century BCE. By this time a large number of tribes, dynasties and kingdoms began issuing their coins; Prākrit legends began to appear. The extensive coinage of the Kushan empire (1st–3rd centuries CE) continued to influence the coinage of the Guptas (320 to 550 CE) and the later rulers of Kashmir. During the early rise of Roman", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 5 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18778322", "chunk_text": "\"Coinage of Asia\"\ntime of Alexander the Great's conquest. Coinage of India began in the 7th century BCE, as small native states known as the Mahajanapadas began to mint coins of silver. The concept of coinage, and many design elements, spread across the Indian subcontinent within centuries. India subsequently absorbed and modified numerous influences, including Greek, Roman, Arabic and Persian. Some time around the 7th century BCE, coins shaped like utensils emerged in China. In most regions, spade-shaped coins were issued, while knife-shaped coins were issued in the North-East. In the state of Chu (in Southern China), small oval bronze pieces were issued.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 6 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16142134", "chunk_text": "\"Coinage of India\"\nvalue differential would have incentivised the exchange of gold for silver, resulting in an increasing supply of silver in India. India developed some of the world's first coins, but scholars debate exactly which coin was first and when. Sometime around 600BC in the lower Ganges valley in eastern India a coin called a punchmarked Karshapana was created. According to Hardaker, T.R. the origin of Indian coins can be placed at 575 BCE and according to Gupta in the seventh century BCE. Punch-marked coins were a type of early Coinage of India, dating to between about the 6th and 2nd centuries", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 7 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19318615", "chunk_text": "\"Indian rupee\"\n(meaning \"\"wrought silver, a coin of silver\"\"). Panini characterised as a stamped (which means a form in general, but probably a silver form in this case). \"\"Arthashastra\"\", written by Chanakya, prime minister to the first Maurya emperor Chandragupta Maurya (c 340–290 BCE), mentions silver coins as . Other types of coins including gold coins (), copper coins () and lead coins () are also mentioned. The history of the Indian rupee traces back to Ancient India in circa 6th century BCE, ancient India was one of the earliest issuers of coins in the world, along with the Chinese wen and", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 8 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12012976", "chunk_text": "\"Economic history of India\"\nsreni in contracts, set work conditions, often received higher compensation and was the administrative authority. The headman was often selected via an election by the members of the sreni, and could also be removed from power by the general assembly. The headman often ran the enterprise with two to five executive officers, also elected by the assembly. Punch marked silver ingots were in circulation around the 5th century BCE. They were the first metallic coins minted around the 6th century BCE by the Mahajanapadas of the Gangetic plains and were India's earliest traces of coinage. While India's many kingdoms and", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 9 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17037970", "chunk_text": "\"Coinage of Asia\"\n1 hwan = 5 yang. Tibetan coins were struck in Lhasa and in the Kong-po province between 1763 and 1954. Since 1959 Chinese currency replaces that of Tibet. The first Indian coins were either round, square or long sticks of silver with punch marks issued under various kingdoms starting from around 600 BCE onwards. Issuers included Kashi, Kosala, the Magadha Empire, Kuru, Panchala, Taxila, Gandhara, Kamboja, Avanti in the Narbada Valley, Saurashtra Peninsula, and the Eastern Deccan. The first coins issued by a unified Indian empire was from the Maurya Empire, though they were similar to the older issues. During", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 10 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19937770", "chunk_text": "\"Punch-marked coins\"\nEmpire, rather than in the Indian heartland: Punch-marked coins are a type of early coinage of India, dating to between about the 6th and 2nd centuries BCE. There are uncertainties regarding the actual time punch-marked coinage started in India, with proposals ranging from 1000 BCE to 500 BCE. However, the study of the relative chronology of these coins has successfully established that the first punch-marked coins initially only had one or two punches, with the number of punches increasing over time. The first coins in India may have been minted around the 6th century BCE by the Mahajanapadas of the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 11 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10671037", "chunk_text": "\"Coinage of India\"\nof minted coins spread to the Indo-Gangetic Plain from West Asia. The coins of this period were called \"\"Puranas\"\", \"\"Karshapanas\"\" or \"\"Pana\"\". These earliest Indian coins, however, are unlike those circulated in West Asia, were not disk-shaped but rather stamped bars of metal, suggesting that the innovation of stamped currency was added to a pre-existing form of token currency which had already been present in the Mahajanapada kingdoms of the Indian Iron Age. Mahajanapadas that minted their own coins included Gandhara, Kuntala, Kuru, Panchala, Shakya, Surasena and Surashtra. The tradition of Indian coinage was further influenced by the coming of", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 12 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4959812", "chunk_text": "\"Coinage of India\"\na new communication and interpretation of the terminal dates of the Islamic millennium. What the evidence doesn't explain is the source of the idea as well as the reason for persisting with the same date on the imperial coinage even after the critical year had passed. Coinage of India Coinage of India, issued by imperial dynasties and middle kingdoms, began anywhere between the 1st millennium BCE to the 6th century BCE, and consisted mainly of copper and silver coins in its initial stage. Scholars remain divided over the origins of Indian coinage. Cowry shells was first used in India as", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 13 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16142147", "chunk_text": "\"Coinage of India\"\ntrade with India up to 120 ships were setting sail every year from Myos Hormos to India. Gold coins, used for this trade, was apparently being recycled by the Kushan empire for their own coinage. In the 1st century CE, the Roman writer Pliny the Elder complained about the vast sums of money leaving the Roman empire for India: The trade was particularly focused around the regions of Gujarat, ruled by the Western Satraps, and the tip of the Indian peninsular in Southern India. Large hoards of Roman coins have been found and especially in the busy maritime trading centers", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 14 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10671069", "chunk_text": "\"Coinage of India\"\nleast eight succeeding kings and was a standard type in the kingdom. The silver coinage of Guptas starts with the overthrow of the Western Satraps by Chandragupta II. Kumaragupta and Skandagupta continued with the old type of coins (the Garuda and the Peacock types) and also introduced some other new types. The copper coinage was mostly confined to the era of Chandragupta II and was more original in design. Eight out of the nine types known to have been struck by him have a figure of Garuda and the name of the King on it. The gradual deterioration in design", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 15 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1238738", "chunk_text": "\"Coinage of India\"\nTurkic and Mughal invaders in India. The East India Company introduced uniform coinage in the 19th century CE, and these coins were later imitated by the modern nation states of Republic of India, Pakistan, Sri Lanka, and Bangladesh. Numismatics plays a valuable role in determining certain period of Indian history. There is evidence of countable units of precious metal being used for exchange from the Vedic period onwards. A term \"\"Nishka\"\" appears in this sense in the Rigveda. Later texts speak of cows given as gifts being adorned with \"\"pādas\"\" of gold. A \"\"pāda\"\", literally a quarter, would have been", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 16 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10671070", "chunk_text": "\"Coinage of India\"\nand execution of the gold coins and the disappearance of silver money, bear ample evidence to their curtailed territory. The percentage of gold in Indian coins under the reign of Gupta rulers showed a steady financial decline over the centuries as it decreases from 90% pure gold under Chandragupta I (319-335) to a mere 75-80% under Skandagupta (467). The coins of various Rajput princes's ruling in Hindustan and Central India were usually of gold, copper or billon, very rarely silver. These coins had the familiar goddess of wealth, Lakshmi on the obverse. In these coins, the Goddess was shown with", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 17 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10671067", "chunk_text": "\"Coinage of India\"\n\"\"standing king\"\" obverse, and on the rarer second type the king is sitting on a throne. At about the same time there was Huvishka's copper coinage which was more varied; on the reverse, as on Kanishka's copper, there was always one of the numerous deities; on the obverse the king was portrayed (1) riding on an elephant, or (2) reclining on a couch, or (3) seated cross-legged, or (4) seated with arms raised. The Gupta Empire produced large numbers of gold coins depicting the Gupta kings performing various rituals, as well as silver coins clearly influenced by those of the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 18 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "330433", "chunk_text": "\"Satavahana dynasty\"\nstates that the element was donated by Ananda, who was the son of Siri Satakarni's foreman of artisans. This inscription is probably from the reign of Satakarni II. The Satavahanas are among the earliest Indian rulers to issue their own coins with portraits of their rulers, starting with king Gautamiputra Satakarni, a practice derived from that of the Western Kshatrapas he defeated, itself originating with the Indo-Greek kings to the northwest. Thousands of lead, copper and potin Satavahana coins have been discovered in the Deccan region; a few gold and silver coins are also available. These coins do not feature", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 19 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4456401", "chunk_text": "\"Coins of British India\"\nFrom 1621 till 1800, the English sent their precious metal bullion to the Surat mint, controlled by the \"\"Nawab\"\", to be coined into local gold mohurs and silver rupees. As the Surat mint was unable to meet the required production rate, silver was also sent to the Ahmadabad mint in 1636. During later years, the Ahmadabad mint also struck rupees for the Bombay Presidency in the name of Muhammad Akbar II with the dates 1233–1241 AH (1817–1825 CE). In December 1672, the East India Company started a mint in Bombay and European style gold, silver, copper, and tin coins were", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 20 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4959810", "chunk_text": "\"Coinage of India\"\nto the audience and required modes of communication to take effect by means of which sovereign power was articulated in the 16th century India. An examination was done of a series of coins officially issued and circulated by the Mughal emperor Akbar (r 1556-1605) to illustrate and project a particular view of time, religion, and political supremacy being fundamental and co-existing in nature. Coins constitute part of the evidence that project the transmission of religious and political ideas in the last quarter of the 16th century. The word 'Alf' refers to the millennium. The following are the extraordinary decisions, though", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 21 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18366206", "chunk_text": "Rupee\nhis brief rule between 1540 and 1545. Suri also introduced copper coins called \"\"dam\"\" and gold coins called \"\"mohur\"\" that weighed 169 grains (10.95 g). The Indian rupee was re-introduced in Medieval times, issued and termed as \"\"rupiya\"\", the silver coin, by Sher Shah Suri (1540–1545), continued by the Mughal rulers. The history of the rupee traces back to Ancient India circa 3rd century BC. Ancient India was one of the earliest issuers of coins in the world, along with the Lydian staters, several other Middle Eastern coinages and the Chinese wen. The term is from \"\"rūpya\"\", a Sanskrit term", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 22 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19497578", "chunk_text": "\"Nala dynasty\"\nscript of 6th century on all the coins, and they have all been discovered in the former Nala territory. The coins of Varaharaja have been discovered along with those of Arthapati and Bhavadatta. All these evidences indicate that Varaharaja, Nandanaraja and Stambha were all Nala kings too. Palaeographic evidence suggests that Varaharaja was the earliest of these kings, although it is not certain if he was the dynasty's founder. His issuance of gold coins suggests that he enjoyed a sovereign status. Arthapati is known from a copper-plate inscription and coins. His only known inscription was issued from Pushkari, which may", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 23 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18050235", "chunk_text": "\"Kalachuri dynasty\"\ncontrolled Vidarbha, where they succeeded the Vakataka and the Vishnukundina dynasties. In addition, the Kalachuris conquered northern Konkan (around Elephanta) by the mid-6th century. Here, they succeeded the Traikutaka dynasty. The origin of the Kalachuris is uncertain. Krishnaraja (r. c. 550-575) is the earliest known ruler of the dynasty. He issued coins featuring Brahmi script legends, imitating the design of earlier coins issued by the Traikutaka and the Gupta kings. His coins featuring a bull are based on the coins issued by Skandagupta. His silver coins were circulated widely for around 150 years after his reign. Krishnaraja's coins describe him", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 24 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2486950", "chunk_text": "\"Kadamba dynasty\"\nthe Rashtrakutas and Kalyani Chalukyas. The successors of Mayurasharma took to the name \"\"varma\"\" to indicate their Kshatriya status. Kadamba coins were one the heaviest and perhaps purest of all medieval Indian gold coinage. They issued 2 types of gold coins, those which were punch-marked and others which were die-struck. During 1075-1094 CE, Shanti Varma, issued gold punch-marked coins and in 1065 CE, Toyimadeva, issued die-struck gold coins. \"\"Punch-marked gold coins\"\" \"\"Die struck gold coins (Pagoda)\"\" They have been definitively attributed to the Kadambas because they not only have various Kadamba symbols, such as conches and chakras, but one of", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 25 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16142138", "chunk_text": "\"Coinage of India\"\nplant symbols on them. Saurashtra Janapada coins are probably the earliest die-struck figurative coins from ancient India from 450-300 BCE which are also perhaps the earliest source of Hindu representational forms. Most coins from Surashtra are approximately 1g in weight. Rajgor believes they are therefore quarter karshapanas of 8 rattis, or 0.93 gm. Mashakas of 2 rattis and double mashakas of 4 rattis are also known. The coins appear to be uniface, in that there is a single die-struck symbol on one side. However, most of the coins appear to be overstruck over other Surashtra coins and thus there is", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 26 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "899459", "chunk_text": "Coin\ncontinued to strike Lydia's lion-and-bull coinage. Original coins of the Achaemenid Empire were issued from 520 BCE-450 BCE to 330 BCE. The Persian Daric was the first truly Achaemenid gold coin which, along with a similar silver coin, the Siglos, represented the bimetallic monetary standard of the Achaemenid Persian Empire. The Achaemenid Empire already reached the doors of India during the original expansion of Cyrus the Great, and the Achaemenid conquest of the Indus Valley is dated to circa 515 BC under Darius I. An Achaemenid administration was established in the area. The Kabul hoard, also called the Chaman Hazouri", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 27 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17429409", "chunk_text": "\"Post-Mauryan coinage\"\ncenturies CE have been uncovered in India, predominantly, but not exclusively, from southern India. A large number of Roman Aureii and Denari of Augustus to Nero spanning approximately 120 years found all along the route from about Mangalore through the Muziris area and around the southern tip of India to the south eastern Indian ports. These Roman coins were in circulation in southern India for a long time. Post-Mauryan coinage Post-Mauryan coinage refers to the period of coinage production in India, following the breakup of the Maurya Empire (321–185 BCE), until the rise of the Gupta Empire in 320 CE.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 28 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7635770", "chunk_text": "\"History of India\"\nIndian subcontinent was united under the Gupta Empire (c. 320–550 CE). This period has been called the Golden Age of India; and was marked by extensive achievements in science, technology, engineering, art, , literature, logic, mathematics, astronomy, religion, and philosophy that crystallised the elements of what is generally known as Hindu culture. The Hindu-Arabic numeral system, a positional numeral system, originated in India and was later transmitted to the West through the Arabs. Early Hindu numerals had only nine symbols, until 600 to 800 CE, when a symbol for zero was developed for the numeral system. The peace and prosperity", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 29 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16986080", "chunk_text": "\"Coins of British India\"\nmature bust of Victoria. In 1876, Victoria assumed the title of 'Empress of India' and, from 1877, the legend on the obverse of all coins was changed to 'Victoria Empress'. Gold mohurs with the new obverse legend were issued between 1877 and 1891. The mintage of these mohurs for any given date is relatively low, making them considerably scarce. Fractional values of the mohur (nominally valued at fifteen silver rupees) were also struck in denominations of ten and five rupees between 1870 and 1879. Except for a small number of ten and five rupees dated 1870, most of the fractional", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 30 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4456403", "chunk_text": "\"Coins of British India\"\nanother legend \"\"A DEO PAX & INCREMENTVM\"\" around it. After issuing coins for the East India Company for a number of years, the Surat mint finally came under direct control of the Company in 1800. Gold mohurs, silver rupees, and fractional values were struck in the name of the Mughal emperor Shah Alam II bearing the frozen regnal year 46. The Surat mint was finally closed down in 1815. A number of privy marks consisting of dots, crescents, and crown-like symbols were used and are helpful in correct attribution of the striking period and mint. Copper coinage : English machine", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 31 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11369516", "chunk_text": "Mohur\nprincely states issued half-mohur coins (equal to 7 rupees and 8 anna). The \"\"mohur\"\" coin was first introduced by Sher Shah Suri during his rule in India between 1540 and 1545 and was then a gold coin weighing 169 grains (10.95 grams). He also introduced copper coins called \"\"dam\"\" and silver coins called \"\"rupiya\"\" that weighed 178 grains (11.53 grams). Later on, the Mughal emperors standardized this coinage of tri-metallism across the sub-continent in order to consolidate the monetary system. The word \"\"mohur\"\" or \"\"mohor\"\" is from the Persian word \"\"muhr\"\", which means \"\"seal\"\" and is cognate with the Sanskrit", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 32 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19318616", "chunk_text": "\"Indian rupee\"\nLydian staters. \"\"Arthashastra\"\", written by Chanakya, prime minister to the first Maurya emperor Chandragupta Maurya (c. 340–290 BCE), mentions silver coins as \"\"rūpyarūpa\"\", other types including gold coins (suvarṇarūpa), copper coins (tamrarūpa) and lead coins (sīsarūpa) are mentioned. Rūpa means form or shape, example, rūpyarūpa, rūpya – wrought silver, rūpa – form. During his five-year rule from 1540 to 1545, Sultan Sher Shah Suri issued a coin of silver, weighing 178 grains (or 11.53 grams), which was termed the \"\"Rupiya\"\". During Babar's time, the brass to silver exchange ratio was roughly 50:2. The silver coin remained in use during the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 33 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16142148", "chunk_text": "\"Coinage of India\"\nof South India. The South Indian kings reissued Roman-like coinage in their own name, either producing their own copies or defacing real ones in order to signify their sovereignty. During the Indo-Scythians period whose era begins from 200 BCE to 400 CE, a new kind of the coins of two dynasties were very popular in circulation in various parts of the then India and parts of central and northern South Asia (Sogdiana, Bactria, Arachosia, Gandhara, Sindh, Kashmir, Punjab, Haryana, Rajasthan, Uttar Pradesh and Bihar). These dynasties were Saka and The Pahlavas.After the conquest of Bactria by the Sakas in 135", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 34 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2361929", "chunk_text": "\"Indian maritime history\"\ngold for products. The first clear mention of a navy occurs in the mythological epic \"\"Mahabharata\"\". Historically, however, the first attested attempt to organise a navy in India, as described by Megasthenes (c. 350—290 BCE), is attributed to Chandragupta Maurya (reign 322—298 BCE). The Mauryan empire (322–185 BCE) navy continued till the times of emperor Ashoka (reign 273—32 BCE), who used it to send massive diplomatic missions to Greece, Syria, Egypt, Cyrene, Macedonia and Epirus. Following nomadic interference in Siberia—one of the sources for India's bullion—India diverted its attention to the Malay peninsula, which became its new source for gold", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 35 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6883896", "chunk_text": "Skandagupta\nwarrior. He crushed the Huna invasion in 455, and managed to keep them at bay. However, the expense of the wars drained the empire's resources and contributed to its decline. In particular, coinage issued under SkandaGupta is seriously debased. Skandagupta died in 467 and was succeeded by his half-brother Purugupta (467–473 CE), Kumaragupta II (473–476 CE), Budhagupta (476–495? CE) and Narasimhagupta, whose kingdom in the plains of Northern India was continuously attacked by the Hunas. Skandagupta issued five types of gold coins: Archer type, King and queen type, Chhatra type, Lion-slayer type and Horseman type. His silver coins are of", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 36 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17429407", "chunk_text": "\"Post-Mauryan coinage\"\nKalinga Brahmi scripts. The Satavahanas at first issued relatively simple designs. Their coins also display various traditional symbols, such as elephants, lions, horses and chaityas (stupas), as well as the \"\"Ujjain symbol\"\", a cross with four circles at the end. Later, in the 1st or 2nd century CE, the Satavahanas became the first rulers to issue their own coins with portraits of their rulers, starting with king Gautamiputra Satakarni, a practice derived from that of the Western Satraps he defeated, itself originating with the Indo-Greek kings to the northwest. Satavahana coins give unique indications as to their chronology, language, and", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 37 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16558668", "chunk_text": "\"Coins of British India\"\nthe older Presidency system was discontinued. After the Indian Rebellion of 1857, control of EIC territories passed to the British Crown. Coinage issued after 1857 were under the authority of the monarch as India became part of the British Empire. With the Royal Titles Act 1876, Victoria took the title \"\"Empress of India\"\", so in 1877 coin inscriptions changed from to . There was a transition period after India gained independence on 15 August 1947, and the first set of republic India coins were issued in 1950. Coinage under the British can be divided into two periods: East India Company", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 38 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9823423", "chunk_text": "\"One rupee (Indian coin)\"\nOne rupee (Indian coin) One rupee coin is an Indian coin worth one Indian rupee and is made up of hundred paisas. Currently, one rupee coin is the smallest Indian coin in circulation. Since 1992, one Indian rupee coins are minted from stainless steel. Round in shape, the one rupee coins weighs , has a diameter of and thickness of . In independent India, one rupee coins was first minted in 1950 and is currently in circulation. Sher Shah Suri, the founder of Sur Empire ruled North India from 1540 to 1545 AD. During his reign, Suri issued pure silver", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 39 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11007740", "chunk_text": "Audumbaras\nAudumbaras The Audumbras, or Audumbaras were a north Indian tribal nation east of the Punjab, in the Western Himalaya region. They were the most important tribe of the Himachal, and lived in the lower hills between Sirmaur, Chamba and Yamuna. They issued coinage from the 1st century BCE, when they seemingly gained independence from the Indo-Greeks. The silver coins of the Kunindas, the Vemakas and the Audumbaras closely follow the coins of Apollodotus II in their characteristics (weight, size and material). Their coins are found in the area of Pathānkot, Gurdāspur District.Their favorite deities were Mahādeva or Shiva, and also", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 40 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18575620", "chunk_text": "\"Post-Mauryan coinage\"\nPost-Mauryan coinage Post-Mauryan coinage refers to the period of coinage production in India, following the breakup of the Maurya Empire (321–185 BCE), until the rise of the Gupta Empire in 320 CE. When Mauryan central power disappeared circa 185 BCE, the vast Maurya Empire was broken into numerous new polities. It rather unified coinage, made of punch-marked coins, also broke up. In the northwest, several small independent entities were formed, which started to strike their own coins, and the Indo-Greeks invaded, bringing together with them new coinage practices and techniques, particularly in the area of Gandhara. In the east, the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 41 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9823426", "chunk_text": "\"One rupee (Indian coin)\"\n(\"\"IV minted as IIII\"\") and were first minted in 1835 AD. Rupee coins issued after 1840 bore busts of Queen Victoria (1840 to 1901 AD), Edward VII (1903 to 1910 AD), George V (1911 to 1936 AD) and George VI (1938 to 1947 AD). The British Raj started in India in 1858 AD after a century of control by the East India Company. British Raj lasted till Indian independence in 1947. From 1835 to 1858, uniform rupee coins were being issued in accordance to the \"\"Coinage Act of 1835\"\". In 1862, new one rupee coins were issued, were known as", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 42 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1238757", "chunk_text": "\"Coinage of India\"\nsilver, into a cavity formed by two molds. These were then usually die-struck while still hot, first on just one side, and then later on the two sides. The coin devices are Indian, but it is thought that this coin technology was introduced from the West, either from the Achaemenid Empire or from the neighboring Greco-Bactrian kingdom. The Indo-Greek kings introduced Greek types, and among them the portrait head, into the Indian coinage, and their example was followed for eight centuries. Every coin has some mark of authority in it, this is what known as \"\"types\"\". It appears on every", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 43 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2968517", "chunk_text": "\"Pagoda (coin)\"\nPagoda (coin) The pagoda was a unit of currency, a coin made of gold or half-gold minted by Indian dynasties as well as the British, the French and the Dutch. It was subdivided into 42 fanams. The pagoda was issued by various dynasties in medieval southern India, including the Kadambas of Hangal, the Kadambas of Goa, and the Vijaynagar Empire. There were two types of pagoda coined by foreign traders: The French struck local gold \"\"pagodas\"\" and silver \"\"fanams\"\" under contract by the nawabs. The silver coins of the French were called \"\"fanon\"\" which were equivalent to the local \"\"fanam\"\"", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 44 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11007745", "chunk_text": "Audumbaras\naggression. In course of time these people merged into local population. Audumbaras The Audumbras, or Audumbaras were a north Indian tribal nation east of the Punjab, in the Western Himalaya region. They were the most important tribe of the Himachal, and lived in the lower hills between Sirmaur, Chamba and Yamuna. They issued coinage from the 1st century BCE, when they seemingly gained independence from the Indo-Greeks. The silver coins of the Kunindas, the Vemakas and the Audumbaras closely follow the coins of Apollodotus II in their characteristics (weight, size and material). Their coins are found in the area of", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 45 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4456397", "chunk_text": "\"Coins of British India\"\nCoins of British India British trading posts in India were first established by the East India Company (EIC) early in the seventeenth century, which quickly evolved into larger colonies covering a significant part of the subcontinent. Early settlements or factories included Masulipatnam (1611) and Madras (1640) in the south, Surat (1612) in the west, and modern-day Kolkata (1698–99) in the east. These colonies gave rise to Madras Presidency, Bombay Presidency, and Bengal Presidency, and each Presidency had a separate coinage and monetary system. In 1835, the EIC adopted a unified system of coinage throughout all British possessions in India and", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 46 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16986072", "chunk_text": "\"Coins of British India\"\ntrade monopoly with eastern countries including Sumatra, Java, and India. The territories governed by the East India Company were divided into three major administrative regions: Madras Presidency in the south, Bombay Presidency in the west, and Bengal Presidency in the east. Most of the north, however, for a long time continued to remain under the control of the Mughal emperor, and later, local rulers including the Marathas and Rajputs. Each of the three presidencies under East India Company governance issued their own coins until a unified coinage throughout all territories was introduced in 1835. Early presidency issues often imitated local", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 47 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1461997", "chunk_text": "\"Coinage of Asia\"\nthe 4th century BC, after Alexander the Great's conquest of the Indus Valley and Punjab region, the Greek currency Drachma was introduced and was carried on by Bactria, Indo-Scythians and Kushans. All these were of the Attica weight standard. Not much is known of the currency of the Funan, Dvaravati, Chenla or Kambuja in Cambodia and the Khmer Empire from 100–1370 CE. The origin of the coins were based on ancient Indian coinage that has been more stylised over the millennia. Funan and Dvaravat coins were silver and bronze or brass. Khmer coins were made of lead and came in", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 48 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4950994", "chunk_text": "\"Vijayanagara coinage\"\nVijayanagara coinage The Vijayanagara Empire from 1336–1646, was situated in Southern India and had a complex currency system that was used after the Empire ceased to exist. The standard unit of coin issued by the Vijayanagara Empire was the gold Pagoda in English or Varaha of 3.4 gr. The Varaha was also called the Hon, Gadyana or a Pon and came in the Ghattivaraha, Doddavaraha and Suddhavaraha coin. In the gold issue the different coins came in Varaha, this is used as a reference for the other coins values. 1 gold Varaha = 2 Pratapas = 4 Katis = 8", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 49 } ]
test_3576	who played bubba in the heat of the night?	n/a	[ "Carlos Alan Autry Jr." ]	[]	n/a	n/a	n/a	[]	[ { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13228436", "chunk_text": "\"Alan Autry\"\nAlan Autry Carlos Alan Autry Jr. (also known for a period of time as Carlos Brown; born July 31, 1952), is an American actor, politician, and former National Football League player. During his brief football career, he was known as Carlos Brown. He played the role of Captain Bubba Skinner on the NBC television series, \"\"In the Heat of the Night\"\", starring Carroll O'Connor. He has also appeared in films and other television shows. In November 2000, he was elected mayor of Fresno, California, and served for two four-year terms through January 2009. In 2008, Autry was hosting a radio", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 0 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17259696", "chunk_text": "\"In the Heat of the Night (TV series)\"\nLisa Pelikan, Mark Rolston, Jennifer Bassey, Marc Macaulay, Jean Simmons, Thomas Jefferson Bird, Vanessa Bell Calloway, J.D. Hall, John Davis Chandler, George C. Scott, Joe Seneca, Stephen Root, Bruce Kirby, Lisa Rieffel, Marla Gibbs, Ernest Lee Thomas, Ken Marshall, Laurence Fishburne, Logan Ramsey, Josh Lucas (as Joshua Lucas), Ted Manson, Mariska Hargitay, Jason Beghe, Christopher Templeton, Eric Pierpoint, Meshach Taylor, Francesco Quinn, Jeffrey Buckner Ford, Gary Anthony Williams, Richard McKenzie, Michael Horton, Fred Thompson, Craig Shoemaker, Stephen Nichols, Stacy Keach, Mitchell Anderson, James Best, Sonny Shroyer, Michael Warren, Byron Cherry, Whitman Mayo, John Diehl, Melvin Van Peebles, Ken Curtis, Louise", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 1 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17259690", "chunk_text": "\"In the Heat of the Night (TV series)\"\nTibbs and assists on three of the Sparta PD's cases after having moved into Ben Taylor's law office. Other cases involve a friend of Bubba Skinner's being given the AIDS virus from a lover who knew he had it, a nine-year-old little girl being killed because of a drunk driver (Hagman-directed), a young inter-racial couple being stalked by a white supremacist (Brent Lunay), first seen in the episode \"\"Odessa\"\", written by Denise Nicholas. Other cases include Parker's being accused of police brutality, and the return of Daddy Roy and Miz Rhoda. Both Anne Meara and Jerry Stiller make special guest", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 2 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20424179", "chunk_text": "\"Rugg Williams\"\nRugg Williams Rugg Williams is an American actor who guest-starred in the crime drama \"\"In the Heat of the Night\"\" with Carroll O'Connor for four seasons as Eugene Glendon, Denise Nicholas' troubled son. Prior to this, he appeared in TV shows such as \"\"Tattooed Teenage Alien Fighters from Beverly Hills\"\", \"\"Family Matters\"\", \"\"Hunter\"\", and \"\"\"\". A native of Washington, D.C., Rugg holds degrees in Business Management and Marketing. After relocating to Los Angeles, he attended the American Academy of Dramatic Arts where he performed in such productions as \"\"Picnic\"\", \"\"A Taste of Honey\"\" and \"\"Othello\"\". He has since then performed", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 3 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17259695", "chunk_text": "\"In the Heat of the Night (TV series)\"\ncharacter actors and actresses have made guest appearances, and others were newcomers who went on to become well-known. Some of those appearing in \"\"The Heat of the Night\"\" episodes were: Ed Ames, Frances Fisher, Rod Masterson, Mel Stewart, Denzel Washington, Nana Visitor, Gail O'Grady, Peter Fonda, Don Galloway, Corbin Bernsen, Dana Barron, Marco St. John, Larry Black, Ted Lange, Mickey Jones, Mitchell Laurance, Laura Johnson, Jordan Vaughn, Martha Byrne, Walton Goggins, Maury Covington, Earl Holliman, Michael Beck, Randy Brooks, Wayne Brady, Art Evans, Nicolas Cowan, Lou Walker, Alan Arbus, Robert Goulet, Bobby Short, Iman, William Sadler, Michael Spound, Bill McKinney,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 4 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19596669", "chunk_text": "\"In the Heat of the Night (TV series)\"\nex-partner and Althea's ex-lover (Michael Warren from \"\"Hill Street Blues\"\") coming to visit for a reunion that no one would ever forget; Chief Gillespie's having to face his own bigoted past when he arrests a close friend (played by Ed Ames) (who is also the sheriff of the neighboring county) for committing a racially motivated murder; Bubba's getting caught up in a murderous love triangle; Althea's niece \"\"Nicole\"\" visiting, and with new friend \"\"Bobby Skinner\"\" (Bubba's nephew) stumbling upon criminal malfeasance in the episode \"\"City Mouse Country Mouse\"\". Mary Crosby and Judith Chapman stir up trouble when the sisters are", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 5 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9404523", "chunk_text": "\"Afemo Omilami\"\non September 11, 1985. She is an actress, minister, and a civil rights leader. They have two children: son Awodele and daughter Juanita.. Afemo Omilami Afemo Omilami (born December 13, 1950) is an American actor. Also played iIn The Heat Of The Night He has appeared in many films such as \"\"Glory\"\" (1989), \"\"The Firm\"\" (1993), \"\"Gordy\"\" (1995), \"\"Remember the Titans\"\" (2000), \"\"Hounddog\"\" (2007), \"\"The Blind Side\"\" (2009), and \"\"Terminator Genisys\"\" (2015). He is perhaps best known for his role as the Drill Sergeant in \"\"Forrest Gump\"\" (1994). He was nominated for \"\"Actor in a Television Movie, Mini-Series or Dramatic", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 6 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4631238", "chunk_text": "\"Quentin Dean\"\nSteve Hart and the Cadillac Angels in January 2014. Quentin Dean Quentin Dean (July 27, 1944 – May 8, 2003) was an American actress of the 1960s. Born Quintin Corinne Margolin (some sources cite Corinne Ida Margolin), she was introduced as the 16-year-old temptress Delores Purdy in Norman Jewison's 1967 hit film, \"\"In the Heat of the Night\"\", for which she received a Golden Globe nomination for Best Supporting Actress. Her acting career ended in 1969. She died of cancer at age 58 in Los Angeles, California. Her remains were cremated and the ashes scattered at sea in the Pacific", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 7 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15645190", "chunk_text": "\"Crystal R. Fox\"\nCrystal R. Fox Crystal R. Fox (born October 14, 1965) is an American actress and singer. She is best known for her roles as Luann Corbin in the NBC/CBS police drama series \"\"In the Heat of the Night\"\" (1989-1995), and as Hanna Young in the Oprah Winfrey Network prime time soap opera, \"\"The Haves and the Have Nots\"\" (2013–present). Fox was born in Tryon, North Carolina. She made her big screen debut playing Katie Bell in the Academy Award-winning comedy-drama film \"\"Driving Miss Daisy\"\" (1989) starring Morgan Freeman and Jessica Tandy. She later joined the cast of NBC police drama", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 8 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19489858", "chunk_text": "\"In the Heat of the Night (film)\"\nIn the Heat of the Night (film) In the Heat of the Night is a 1967 American mystery drama film directed by Norman Jewison. It is based on John Ball's 1965 novel of the same name and tells the story of Virgil Tibbs, a black police detective from Philadelphia, who becomes involved in a murder investigation in a small town in Mississippi. It stars Sidney Poitier and Rod Steiger, and was produced by Walter Mirisch. The screenplay was by Stirling Silliphant. The film won five Academy Awards, including the 1967 awards for Best Picture and Rod Steiger for Best Actor.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 9 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1160117", "chunk_text": "\"Howard Rollins\"\nHoward Rollins Howard Ellsworth Rollins Jr. (October 17, 1950 – December 8, 1996) was an American stage, film and television actor. Howard Rollins was best known for his role as Andrew Young in 1978's \"\"King\"\", George Haley in the 1979 miniseries \"\"\"\", Coalhouse Walker Jr. in the 1981 film \"\"Ragtime\"\", Captain Davenport in the 1984 film \"\"A Soldier's Story\"\", and as Virgil Tibbs on the TV crime drama \"\"In the Heat of the Night\"\". Rollins was the youngest of four children born to Ruth and Howard Ellsworth Rollins Sr. in Baltimore, Maryland. His mother was a domestic worker while his", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 10 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4631237", "chunk_text": "\"Quentin Dean\"\nQuentin Dean Quentin Dean (July 27, 1944 – May 8, 2003) was an American actress of the 1960s. Born Quintin Corinne Margolin (some sources cite Corinne Ida Margolin), she was introduced as the 16-year-old temptress Delores Purdy in Norman Jewison's 1967 hit film, \"\"In the Heat of the Night\"\", for which she received a Golden Globe nomination for Best Supporting Actress. Her acting career ended in 1969. She died of cancer at age 58 in Los Angeles, California. Her remains were cremated and the ashes scattered at sea in the Pacific Ocean. \"\"The Ballad of Quentin Dean\"\" was recorded by", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 11 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17347949", "chunk_text": "\"William C. Watson\"\nWilliam C. Watson William C. Watson (October 5, 1938 – November 5, 1997) was an American actor. Born in Chicago, Illinois, Watson appeared in many television series and films, \"\"In the Heat of the Night\"\" (1967), \"\"Lawman\"\" (1971), \"\"The Hunting Party\"\" (1971), \"\"Chato's Land\"\" (1972), \"\"Executive Action\"\" (1973) and \"\"Wholly Moses!\"\" (1980). In the 1960s and 1970s, he guest-starred on several TV series such as \"\"The Rat Patrol\"\", \"\"The High Chaparral\"\", \"\"Gunsmoke\"\", \"\"Kojak\"\", \"\"Hawaii Five-0\"\", \"\"The Rookies\"\", \"\"Starsky and Hutch\"\" (in the episode \"\"Captain Dobey, You're Dead\"\"), \"\"MAS*H\"\", \"\"The Dukes of Hazzard\"\", CHiPs, \"\"Quinn Martin's Tales of the Unexpected\"\" (in", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 12 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13228511", "chunk_text": "\"David Hart (actor)\"\nwas joined on the recording by A-Team Nashville studio pianist Hargus \"\"Pig\"\" Robbins. The song was produced by co-stars Randall Franks and Alan Autry. David Hart (actor) David Hart (born February 6, 1954) is an American actor and singer best known for his portrayal of Sgt. Parker Williams on the smash-hit television series \"\"In the Heat of the Night\"\" (1988 to 1995). He has appeared in numerous films. Hart continues to perform in theater around the country, most recently performing as Charlemagne in \"\"Pippin\"\" and Oscar in \"\"The Odd Couple\"\". He has also appeared in numerous commercials, including IHOP Restaurants,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 13 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17259697", "chunk_text": "\"In the Heat of the Night (TV series)\"\nFletcher, Victor French, among many others. Future \"\"Dr. Quinn Medicine Woman\"\" stars, Helene Udy, William Shockley and Chad Allen made guest appearances. Future \"\"Desperate Housewives\"\" star Doug Savant and veteran actor Kevin McCarthy also made their guest appearances on the two-part pilot episode, as well as O. J. Simpson, who made a cameo appearance. The series debuted as a midseason replacement for the short-lived NBC series \"\"J.J. Starbuck\"\", premiering on March 6, 1988. The series ran on the network until May 19, 1992, then was shown on CBS until its finale after an eighth season, on May 16, 1995. TGG", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 14 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4687583", "chunk_text": "\"Hugh O'Connor\"\nVirgin Islands. Successful cases have been brought under the Model Drug Dealer Liability Act in Michigan, Utah, and Illinois. Hugh O'Connor Hugh Edward Ralph O'Connor (April 7, 1962 – March 28, 1995) was an American actor known for his role as James Flynn in the 1984 film, \"\"Brass\"\", and his portrayal as Lonnie Jamison on \"\"In the Heat of the Night\"\" until his death in 1995. He was the son of actor Carroll O'Connor. Hugh O'Connor was born in Rome, Italy. When he was six days old, he was adopted by Carroll O'Connor and his wife Nancy. Carroll was in", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 15 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20424186", "chunk_text": "\"Rugg Williams\"\n34 KB (5,358 words) - 02:46, 2 October 2010 Rugg Williams Rugg Williams is an American actor who guest-starred in the crime drama \"\"In the Heat of the Night\"\" with Carroll O'Connor for four seasons as Eugene Glendon, Denise Nicholas' troubled son. Prior to this, he appeared in TV shows such as \"\"Tattooed Teenage Alien Fighters from Beverly Hills\"\", \"\"Family Matters\"\", \"\"Hunter\"\", and \"\"\"\". A native of Washington, D.C., Rugg holds degrees in Business Management and Marketing. After relocating to Los Angeles, he attended the American Academy of Dramatic Arts where he performed in such productions as \"\"Picnic\"\", \"\"A Taste", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 16 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17259683", "chunk_text": "\"In the Heat of the Night (TV series)\"\nfor Megan Fowler (the girlfriend) and Lyle Ridley (the older married man) and fatally shoots Lyle while he and Megan are chasing each other outside the cabin that belongs to Lyle Ridley and his wife. Parker and Dee suffer the dreaded task of traveling to the Ridley residence to tell Mrs. Ridley that her husband was shot at their lake home and that he was with a 17-year-old girl. Other highlights this season included the return of Luanne's brother (played by \"\"Designing Women\"\"s Meshach Taylor), a faded country music singer (played by Robert Goulet) who ends up committing murder; the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 17 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14674887", "chunk_text": "\"Vincent McEveety\"\nVincent McEveety Vincent Michael McEveety (August 10, 1929 – May 19, 2018) was an American film and television director and producer. Vince McEveety directed numerous Emmy Award-winning television series, including \"\"The Untouchables\"\", \"\"Gunsmoke\"\", six \"\"\"\" (episodes include \"\"Dagger of the Mind\"\", \"\"Balance of Terror\"\", \"\"Patterns of Force\"\" and \"\"Spectre of the Gun\"\"), \"\"Magnum, P.I.\"\", \"\"How the West Was Won\"\", \"\"The Man from U.N.C.L.E.\"\", \"\"Stranger at My Door\"\", \"\" Murder, She Wrote\"\", and \"\"\"\", starring Dick Van Dyke. In 1991, McEveety directed the award-winning episode of the NBC television series \"\"In the Heat of the Night\"\", entitled \"\"Sweet, Sweet Blues\"\", guest-starring", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 18 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17259652", "chunk_text": "\"In the Heat of the Night (TV series)\"\nIn the Heat of the Night (TV series) In the Heat of the Night is an American drama television series based on the 1967 film and the 1965 novel of the same title. It starred Carroll O'Connor as police chief William Gillespie and Howard Rollins as police detective Virgil Tibbs, and was broadcast on NBC from March 6, 1988 until May 19, 1992, then on CBS from October 28, 1992 until May 16, 1995. Its executive producers were Fred Silverman, Juanita Bartlett and O'Connor. In the premiere episode, Philadelphia detective Virgil Tibbs has returned to his fictional home town of", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 19 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6268935", "chunk_text": "\"Howard Rollins\"\nWax Museum. Howard Rollins Howard Ellsworth Rollins Jr. (October 17, 1950 – December 8, 1996) was an American stage, film and television actor. Howard Rollins was best known for his role as Andrew Young in 1978's \"\"King\"\", George Haley in the 1979 miniseries \"\"\"\", Coalhouse Walker Jr. in the 1981 film \"\"Ragtime\"\", Captain Davenport in the 1984 film \"\"A Soldier's Story\"\", and as Virgil Tibbs on the TV crime drama \"\"In the Heat of the Night\"\". Rollins was the youngest of four children born to Ruth and Howard Ellsworth Rollins Sr. in Baltimore, Maryland. His mother was a domestic worker", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 20 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9125125", "chunk_text": "\"David Hart (actor)\"\nDavid Hart (actor) David Hart (born February 6, 1954) is an American actor and singer best known for his portrayal of Sgt. Parker Williams on the smash-hit television series \"\"In the Heat of the Night\"\" (1988 to 1995). He has appeared in numerous films. Hart continues to perform in theater around the country, most recently performing as Charlemagne in \"\"Pippin\"\" and Oscar in \"\"The Odd Couple\"\". He has also appeared in numerous commercials, including IHOP Restaurants, Maxwell House Coffee, Coors Light Silver Bullets, John Deere and GE. Hart was raised primarily by his mother, Jeanette Lassiter Anderson, in Panama City,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 21 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18369963", "chunk_text": "\"Anne-Marie Johnson\"\nAnne-Marie Johnson Anne-Marie Johnson (born July 18, 1960) is an American actress and impressionist, who has starred in film and on television. She is known for her roles as Nadine Hudson Thomas on \"\"What's Happening Now!!\"\", Aileen Lewis on \"\"Double Trouble\"\", Althea Tibbs on \"\"In the Heat of the Night\"\", and as a cast member on \"\"In Living Color\"\" during its final season. Anne-Marie Johnson was born in Los Angeles, California. Her father is African-American and her mother is Multiracial-American. She graduated from University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA) with a degree in Acting and Theater. Her first television appearance", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 22 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6385149", "chunk_text": "\"Scott Wilson (actor)\"\nScott Wilson (actor) Scott Wilson (born William Delano Wilson; March 29, 1942 – October 6, 2018) was an American actor. He had more than 50 film credits, including \"\"In the Heat of the Night\"\", \"\"In Cold Blood\"\", \"\"The Great Gatsby\"\", \"\"Dead Man Walking\"\", \"\"Pearl Harbor\"\", and \"\"Junebug\"\". In 1980, Wilson received a Golden Globe nomination for Best Supporting Actor – Motion Picture for his role in \"\"The Ninth Configuration\"\". He played veterinarian Hershel Greene on the AMC television series \"\"The Walking Dead\"\" from 2011 to 2014. In addition, he also had a recurring role on \"\"\"\" as casino mogul Sam", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 23 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6640164", "chunk_text": "\"Anne-Marie Johnson\"\nshe lost to eventual winner Ken Howard. Johnson has been married to Martin Grey since 1996. Anne-Marie Johnson Anne-Marie Johnson (born July 18, 1960) is an American actress and impressionist, who has starred in film and on television. She is known for her roles as Nadine Hudson Thomas on \"\"What's Happening Now!!\"\", Aileen Lewis on \"\"Double Trouble\"\", Althea Tibbs on \"\"In the Heat of the Night\"\", and as a cast member on \"\"In Living Color\"\" during its final season. Anne-Marie Johnson was born in Los Angeles, California. Her father is African-American and her mother is Multiracial-American. She graduated from University", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 24 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9404522", "chunk_text": "\"Afemo Omilami\"\nAfemo Omilami Afemo Omilami (born December 13, 1950) is an American actor. Also played iIn The Heat Of The Night He has appeared in many films such as \"\"Glory\"\" (1989), \"\"The Firm\"\" (1993), \"\"Gordy\"\" (1995), \"\"Remember the Titans\"\" (2000), \"\"Hounddog\"\" (2007), \"\"The Blind Side\"\" (2009), and \"\"Terminator Genisys\"\" (2015). He is perhaps best known for his role as the Drill Sergeant in \"\"Forrest Gump\"\" (1994). He was nominated for \"\"Actor in a Television Movie, Mini-Series or Dramatic Special\"\" in the 2013 NAACP Image Awards for his performance in Lifetime's \"\"Steel Magnolias\"\" as Drum Eatenton. He married his wife Elisabeth Omilami", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 25 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8363339", "chunk_text": "\"Hugh O'Connor\"\nHugh O'Connor Hugh Edward Ralph O'Connor (April 7, 1962 – March 28, 1995) was an American actor known for his role as James Flynn in the 1984 film, \"\"Brass\"\", and his portrayal as Lonnie Jamison on \"\"In the Heat of the Night\"\" until his death in 1995. He was the son of actor Carroll O'Connor. Hugh O'Connor was born in Rome, Italy. When he was six days old, he was adopted by Carroll O'Connor and his wife Nancy. Carroll was in Rome filming \"\"Cleopatra\"\". He was named after Carroll O'Connor's brother, who died in a motorcycle accident in 1961. When", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 26 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19165971", "chunk_text": "\"Sweet, Sweet Blues\"\nSweet, Sweet Blues \"\"Sweet, Sweet Blues\"\" is an award winning episode of the NBC drama series \"\"In the Heat of the Night\"\", starring Carroll O'Connor as Chief Bill Gillespie and Howard Rollins as Detective Virgil Tibbs.\"\"In the Heat of the Night\"\" was based on the 1965 novel by John Ball, which was also the basis for the Academy Award winning film of the same name starring Rod Steiger and Sidney Poitier, directed by Norman Jewison. Directed by Vincent McEveety (\"\"Firecreek\"\") and written by William James Royce, the episode guest stars musician Bobby Short as bluesman Chester \"\"Cat\"\" Collins and actor", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 27 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20498407", "chunk_text": "\"Carroll O'Connor\"\nCarroll O'Connor John Carroll O'Connor (August 2, 1924 – June 21, 2001) was an American actor, producer, and director whose television career spanned four decades. A lifelong member of the Actors Studio, O'Connor first attracted attention as Major General Colt in the 1970 film \"\"Kelly's Heroes\"\". The following year, he found fame as the bigoted working man Archie Bunker, the main character in the 1970s CBS television sitcoms \"\"All in the Family\"\" (1971–1979) and \"\"Archie Bunker's Place\"\" (1979–1983). O'Connor later starred in the NBC/CBS television crime drama \"\"In the Heat of the Night\"\" from 1988 to 1995, where he played", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 28 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3560453", "chunk_text": "\"Bubba Ho-Tep\"\nBubba Ho-Tep Bubba Ho-Tep is a 2002 American comedy horror film written, co-produced and directed by Don Coscarelli. It stars Bruce Campbell as Elvis Presley—now a resident in a nursing home. The film also stars Ossie Davis as Jack, a black man who claims to be John F. Kennedy, explaining that he was patched up after the assassination, dyed black, and abandoned. It is based on novella of the same name by Joe R. Lansdale, which originally appeared in the anthology \"\"The King Is Dead: Tales of Elvis Post-Mortem\"\". Originally the film was \"\"roadshowed\"\" by the director across the country.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 29 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3842037", "chunk_text": "\"Jason Presson\"\nThe winner was his co-star and friend River Phoenix. In 1990, he had a minor role in the movie \"\"\"\", returning to work with the director Joe Dante after five years. His last role was on the TV series \"\"In the Heat of the Night\"\" as Jimmy Miller. Jason Presson Jason Presson (born August 31, 1971) is a former child actor from the U.S., best known for his role of Darren in the 1985 movie \"\"Explorers\"\", alongside Ethan Hawke and River Phoenix. His debut came in 1984 with the film \"\"The Stone Boy\"\" performing with Robert Duvall and Glenn Close.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 30 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1399854", "chunk_text": "\"Bob Custer\"\nBob Custer Bob Custer (October 18, 1898 – December 27, 1974) was an American film actor who appeared in over 50 films, mostly Westerns, between 1924-37, including \"\"The Fighting Hombre\"\", \"\"Arizona Days\"\", \"\"The Last Roundup\"\", \"\"The Oklahoma Kid\"\", \"\"Law of the Rio Grande\"\", \"\"The Law of the Wild\"\" and \"\"Ambush Valley\"\". Using his original name Raymond Glenn, he also appeared in non-Western movies, including the 1927 film The Return of Boston Blackie as the title character. Custer was born Raymond Glenn in Kentucky's capital city, Frankfort, and attended the University of Kentucky. Having obtained a degree in engineering, he became", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 31 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19596712", "chunk_text": "\"In the Heat of the Night (TV series)\"\nstars and it was released Christmas 1991 and 1992 and was among the top holiday recordings of those years around the South and Midwest. In the Heat of the Night (TV series) In the Heat of the Night is an American drama television series based on the 1967 film and the 1965 novel of the same title. It starred Carroll O'Connor as police chief William Gillespie and Howard Rollins as police detective Virgil Tibbs, and was broadcast on NBC from March 6, 1988 until May 19, 1992, then on CBS from October 28, 1992 until May 16, 1995. Its executive", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 32 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14219527", "chunk_text": "\"Kermit Murdock\"\nKermit Murdock Kermit Murdock (20 March 1908 – 11 February 1981) was an American film, television and radio actor known for his avuncular and professorial character portrayals. His more prominent character roles in major motion pictures included Dean Pollard in \"\"Splendor in the Grass\"\" (1961), Henderson, the banker in \"\"In the Heat of The Night\"\" (1967), and Dr. Robertson in \"\"The Andromeda Strain\"\" (1970). He is also well known for his voice acting in many episodes of the 1950s science fiction radio series \"\"X Minus One\"\". He was in \"\"The Mysterious Traveler\"\" episode \"\"Survival of the Fittest\"\" with Everett Sloane,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 33 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11633198", "chunk_text": "\"Arthur Malet\"\nUlam in Norman Jewison's 1967 film \"\"In the Heat of the Night\"\", and Joe Fenwick in a 1972 episode of \"\"Columbo\"\", \"\"Dagger of the Mind\"\". He went on to play a village elder in Mel Brooks's \"\"Young Frankenstein\"\" in 1974, the graveyard keeper in John Carpenter's \"\"Halloween\"\" in 1978, a houseman in the 1984 film \"\"Oh God, You Devil\"\", Tootles in 1991's \"\"Hook\"\", and Owen Owens in the 1992 film \"\"Toys\"\". His appearances on television included episodes of \"\"The Donna Reed Show\"\", \"\"The Rifleman\"\", \"\"Adventures in Paradise\"\", \"\"The Alfred Hitchcock Hour\"\" (\"\"The McGregor Affair\"\"; originally aired 23 November 1964), and", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 34 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15645194", "chunk_text": "\"Crystal R. Fox\"\nseries regular role for the second season of HBO drama series \"\"Big Little Lies\"\" as Zoë Kravitz’s character mother Elizabeth Howard. Crystal R. Fox Crystal R. Fox (born October 14, 1965) is an American actress and singer. She is best known for her roles as Luann Corbin in the NBC/CBS police drama series \"\"In the Heat of the Night\"\" (1989-1995), and as Hanna Young in the Oprah Winfrey Network prime time soap opera, \"\"The Haves and the Have Nots\"\" (2013–present). Fox was born in Tryon, North Carolina. She made her big screen debut playing Katie Bell in the Academy Award-winning", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 35 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10947628", "chunk_text": "\"Night of the Dead Living\"\nbreaking up with him. While the other detectives sweat and complain about the heat, a calm and comfortable Pembleton (Andre Braugher) wears a tie and drinks hot tea without sweating. Bayliss (Kyle Secor), who acts uncooperative with his partner Pembleton, says he has found the fingerprints of a man named James Hill who he believes is the murderer in the Adena Watson case. Officer Thormann (Lee Tergesen) brings in Hill, who turns out to be a 12-year-old boy (Kenny Blank), much to the amusement of the other detectives. The detectives are shocked at the lack of homicide-related calls they are", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 36 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7021471", "chunk_text": "\"Joe Don Baker\"\ndrama serial \"\"Edge of Darkness\"\". He was nominated for \"\"Best Actor\"\" by the British Academy Television Awards, losing to his co-star Bob Peck. Martin Scorsese directed him as a private detective in 1991's \"\"Cape Fear\"\", hired by a man (Nick Nolte) whose family is being threatened by a psychopathic ex-convict (Robert De Niro). Baker received the Distinguished Alumni Award from the University of North Texas in 1994. While actor Carroll O'Connor was undergoing heart bypass surgery, Baker took his place on the television series \"\"In the Heat of the Night\"\". Baker appeared as Captain Tom Dugan, a retired police captain", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 37 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4709625", "chunk_text": "\"Raymond Forchion\"\nRaymond Forchion Raymond Forchion is an American actor, writer, producer, and director who has appeared in film, television and stage. Aside from several pilots and TV movies, he has co-starred on such series as \"\"Burn Notice\"\", \"\"Numb3rs\"\", \"\"\"\", \"\"Femme Fatales\"\", \"\"Southland\"\", \"\"Will & Grace\"\", \"\"The Golden Girls\"\", \"\"Wiseguy\"\" and \"\"In the Heat of the Night\"\". He's had recurring roles on \"\"General Hospital\"\" and \"\"Miami Vice\"\". Films include the original, \"\"Flight Of The Navigator\"\", \"\"Point Break\"\" and \"\"Master Blaster\"\". Directors and actors he has worked with include: Ron Howard, Katherine Bigelow, Randal Kleiser, Burt Reynolds, Johnny Depp, Joshua Logan, Curtis Hanson,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 38 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17259688", "chunk_text": "\"In the Heat of the Night (TV series)\"\nCounty when Nathan McComb suffers a heart attack and is too ill to continue his duties. Bill's first case as Sheriff is to solve the murder of one of the richest families in Sparta—the Barons. Wade Hatton, played by Stacy Keach, is a lawyer from New Orleans who has returned to his native Sparta to revisit his childhood memories and romance Sarah Hallisey. The prime suspect in the case is a 16-year-old black youth, played by Wayne Brady with an intellectual disability. Gillespie eventually solves the case with the help of Hatton, Hallisey, and Judge Cully—much to the dissatisfaction of", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 39 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8449754", "chunk_text": "\"Byron Cherry\"\nshow. Cherry and Mayer appeared alongside Wopat and Schneider briefly in the episode of Bo and Luke's return, and then were written out of the show and never mentioned again. Under a three-year contract with Warner Bros., Cherry went on to appear on numerous television shows such as \"\"Murder, She Wrote\"\", \"\"In the Heat of the Night\"\" and \"\"Vietnam War Story\"\", as well as various TV commercials and guest spots on numerous talk shows. He was also a spokesperson for the American Cancer Society. Byron Cherry Byron Cherry (born April 17, 1955 in Atlanta, Georgia) is an actor. He portrayed", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 40 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19489860", "chunk_text": "\"In the Heat of the Night (film)\"\nfilm quotes. In 2002, the film was selected for preservation in the United States National Film Registry by the Library of Congress as being \"\"culturally, historically, or aesthetically significant\"\". In 1966, a wealthy industrialist named Phillip Colbert has moved from Chicago to Sparta, Mississippi to build a factory. One night, police officer Sam Wood discovers that Colbert has been murdered. Chief Gillespie leads the investigation. A doctor estimates that Colbert had been dead for a few hours. Wood finds a black man named Virgil Tibbs at the train station and arrests him. Gillespie quickly assumes that Tibbs is the culprit", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 41 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3490634", "chunk_text": "\"Jeff Wincott\"\nJeff Wincott Jeffrey Wincott (born May 8, 1956) is a Canadian actor and martial artist best known for his Gemini Award-nominated lead role in the television series \"\"Night Heat.\"\" Wincott was also the star of several martial arts films in the 1990s. In 1996 he was named one of the \"\"Martial Arts Movie Stars of the Next Century\"\" by \"\"Black Belt\"\" magazine. Wincott was born and raised in Toronto. His mother was of Italian descent. His father was an amateur boxer. Actor Michael Wincott is his younger brother. Wincott began studying taekwondo at 15 and also swam competitively. Wincott became", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 42 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16356926", "chunk_text": "\"Larry Gates\"\nLarry Gates Larry Gates (September 24, 1915December 12, 1996) was an American actor. His notable roles include H.B. Lewis on daytime's \"\"Guiding Light\"\" and Doc Baugh in the film version of \"\"Cat on a Hot Tin Roof\"\" (1958). He played the role of Lewis from 1983 to 1996 and won the Emmy for Outstanding Supporting Actor at the 1985 awards. (He had previously played the role of District Attorney Eric Van Gelder on \"\"Guiding Light\"\" in 1977 and 1978.) Gates is also remembered for his role in the film version of \"\"In the Heat of the Night\"\" (1967), where his", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 43 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9891974", "chunk_text": "\"Leigh McCloskey\"\nLeigh McCloskey Leigh Joseph McCloskey (born June 21, 1955) is an American actor, artist and writer. As an actor, he has appeared in numerous television series and movies, including a 46-episode stint as Mitch Cooper on the popular American soap opera \"\"Dallas\"\", and a leading role in the Dario Argento-helmed supernatural horror film \"\"Inferno\"\". Born in Los Angeles, California, McCloskey was classically trained as an actor at the Juilliard School in Lincoln Center, New York. He began his professional acting career playing Billy Abbott in the original miniseries \"\"Rich Man, Poor Man\"\". He went on to star in three nighttime", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 44 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20424185", "chunk_text": "\"Rugg Williams\"\nBeverly Hills Swinton Sawyer played by Rugg Williams was the brains of the group, he wore glasses and was African-American unlike the other teens. ... 9 KB (1,454 words) - 23:27, 7 October 2010 Haunted Lives: True Ghost Stories William Parker (Wally Marshall), Sheena Easton (Janet Mackey), Rugg Williams (Mike), Linda Cook (Patricia Mischel), Edward Winter (Carl Lawson) ... 15 KB (2,315 words) - 18:59, 13 October 2010 In the Heat of the Night (TV series) Recurring cast \|! : Rugg Williams \| Eugene Glendon \| Wallace Merck \| Colmer \| Christine Elise \| Lana Gillespie - Gillespie's daughter ...", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 45 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4013678", "chunk_text": "\"In the Heat of the Night (novel)\"\nIn the Heat of the Night (novel) In the Heat of the Night is a 1965 novel by John Ball set in the community of Wells, South Carolina. The main character is a black police detective named Virgil Tibbs passing through the small town during a time of bigotry and the civil rights movement. The novel is the basis of the 1967 award-winning film of the same name, directed by Norman Jewison and starring Sidney Poitier, as well as a subsequent television series. Ball would feature Tibbs in the subsequent novels \"\"The Cool Cottontail\"\" (1966), \"\"Johnny Get Your Gun\"\" (1969),", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 46 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7418215", "chunk_text": "\"James Lee Barrett\"\nHeat of the Night\"\" for a weekly series. (The show starred Carroll O'Connor and Howard Rollins, in the Rod Steiger and Sidney Poitier roles.) Barrett wrote and produced \"\"...tick...tick...tick...\"\", a similarly-themed Southern crime drama starring Jim Brown and George Kennedy. Barrett died in Templeton, California in 1989 of cancer, aged 59. James Lee Barrett James Lee Barrett (November 19, 1929 – October 15, 1989) was an American author, producer and screenwriter. Barrett was born in 1929 in Charlotte, North Carolina and graduated in 1950 from Anderson University (South Carolina). Prior to his career as a screenwriter, he served in the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 47 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17347950", "chunk_text": "\"William C. Watson\"\nthe episode \"\"The Force of Evil\"\"), and many more. His last appearance was in the film \"\"\"\" (1987) with Michael Moriarty. He was best remembered as the slave trader who captured young Kunta Kinte in the TV miniseries \"\"Roots\"\". William C. Watson William C. Watson (October 5, 1938 – November 5, 1997) was an American actor. Born in Chicago, Illinois, Watson appeared in many television series and films, \"\"In the Heat of the Night\"\" (1967), \"\"Lawman\"\" (1971), \"\"The Hunting Party\"\" (1971), \"\"Chato's Land\"\" (1972), \"\"Executive Action\"\" (1973) and \"\"Wholly Moses!\"\" (1980). In the 1960s and 1970s, he guest-starred on several", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 48 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17259655", "chunk_text": "\"In the Heat of the Night (TV series)\"\non the series was February 2, 1994. Meanwhile, the Sparta city council dismisses Gillespie. The council selects Hampton Forbes (Carl Weathers) to take Gillespie's place as police chief. Forbes is the town's first African American to serve in that position. Gillespie finds a new post of equivalent authority as county sheriff. The two senior police officials find that they get along in excellent fashion, in both professional and personal spheres. The show dealt with a variety of issues, including racism, police brutality, hate crimes, drug abuse, alcoholism, rape, AIDS, misogyny, incest, child abuse, anti-Semitism, prostitution, government corruption, domestic violence, gambling,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 49 } ]
test_3577	when was the last bear killed in the uk?	n/a	[ "c. 1000 AD" ]	[]	n/a	n/a	n/a	[]	[ { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9146195", "chunk_text": "\"Brown bear\"\ngrizzly bears once roamed in eastern North America. Although many people believe some brown bears may be present in Mexico, they are almost certainly extinct. The last Mexican grizzly bear was shot in 1976. None have been seen since prior to 1960. In Europe, there are 14,000 brown bears in ten fragmented populations. They are extinct in the British Isles, extremely threatened in France and Spain and in trouble over most of Central Europe. Brown bears reach their western limits in Spain. In the Cantabrian mountains of northwest Spain, some 210 bears were found to dwell in Asturias, Cantabria, Galicia", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 0 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2533558", "chunk_text": "\"Bear conservation\"\naround 3000 BC, in Great Britain during the 10th century, in eastern Germany in 1770, in Bavaria in 1836, in Switzerland in 1904, and in the French Alps in 1937. Although the inclusion of the brown bear as of least concern on the 2006 IUCN Red List of Threatened Species refers to their global population, the fact is that local populations are increasingly becoming scarcer. And as the IUCN itself adds Least Concern does not always mean that species are not at risk. There are declining species that are evaluated as Least Concern. Such regional variations are most obvious in", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 1 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10405057", "chunk_text": "\"Cinder (bear)\"\na CBS crew from Los Angeles. Researchers examined her and changed her collar during hibernation in February 2017. Kaulana, who had roamed less widely than Cinder, was killed by a hunter during bear hunting season around October 2015. Cinder's collar stopped transmitting in October 2017, and in September 2018 workers with Fish and Game retrieving cameras that had been set up in December to record her found her skeletonized body with the collar cut off and lying nearby; she is presumed to have also been killed by a hunter. Cinder became an inspiration for the area affected by the Carlton", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 2 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14096214", "chunk_text": "\"Hercules (bear)\"\nof old age on 4 February 2001, aged 25 (which is around the natural lifespan of a grizzly). \"\"Big Softy\"\" Hercules is possibly the most well known grizzly bear. In 2013, Andy and Maggie were invited to unveil a life-size statue of Hercules on North Uist. A documentary, \"\"Hercules the Human Bear\"\", aired on Channel 5 (UK) on 3 April 2014. Hercules (bear) Hercules (1975 – 4 February 2001) was a trained grizzly bear from Scotland who appeared in a number of cameo roles for various television productions, reaching the height of his popularity in the 1980s. He was owned", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 3 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9697706", "chunk_text": "\"The Three Bears (comic strip)\"\n\"\"grub\"\" from the local storekeeper Hank (who often shoots at the Three Bears with his blunderbuss for trying to rob him). There was the occasional appearance by the local sheriff, and their rival bear Grizzly Gus (who had a son called Gus's Grizzly). Originally disappearing from the comic after issue 2253, dated 21 September 1985, by which time McGrath had departed and briefly been replaced by Tom Lavery, the strip has returned to The Beano several times since then, between 1988 and 1995, re-appearing in issues 2391 and 2674 (dated 14 May 1988 and 16 October 1993). The first re-launch", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 4 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17441304", "chunk_text": "\"Auckland Zoo\"\nthey were unable to be introduced to the wild group in the 1980s. Charlie died in 1971, Sissy in 1980 and Little Jane in 1987. After Josie died in 1999 and Bobby in 2004, Janie, remained alone, until her death on 11 October 2013, aged 60. During 1962 and 1963 a mysterious skin ailment afflicted the polar bears and would not respond to treatment. Two adult males, Natuk and Brunus and an adult female Natasha had to be euthanised. Natasha was the mother of the only cub to survive to adulthood in the seventy years Auckland Zoo exhibited polar bears.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 5 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2466144", "chunk_text": "\"Asian black bear\"\nhunting involving the beating of small patches of forest, when the bears march out in single file. However, black bears were rarely hunted for sport, because of the poor quality of their fur and the ease by which they could be shot in trees, or stalked, as their hearing was poor. Although easy to track and shoot, black bears were known by British sportsmen to be extremely dangerous when injured. Brigadier General R.G. Burton wrote of how many sportsmen had been killed by black bears after failing to make direct hits. Today, black bears are only legally hunted for sport", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 6 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10442572", "chunk_text": "Bear\npersonification for Russia from the 16th century onwards. Smokey Bear has become a part of American culture since his introduction in 1944, with his message \"\"Only you can prevent forest fires\"\". In the United Kingdom, the bear and staff feature on the heraldic arms of the county of Warwickshire. Bears appear in the canting arms of two cities, Bern and Berlin. The International Association for Bear Research & Management, also known as the International Bear Association, and the Bear Specialist Group of the Species Survival Commission, a part of the International Union for Conservation of Nature focus on the natural", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 7 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19987179", "chunk_text": "\"Bear Monument\"\nThe last bear in the Upper Harz was killed about 90 years later near Wernigerode. A coachman or carter named Buchtekirch shot it between 1786 and 1788 and received a reward form of two Reichstaler from the Count of Stolberg. A similar monument is the Luchsstein (\"\"Lynx Stone\"\") near Lautenthal, which commemorates the killing of the last wild lynx in the Harz in 1818. Bear Monument The Bear Monument () is a monument to bears in the Harz mountains of central Germany. It stands by a forest track and walking trail in woods not far from the Bremer Teich and", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 8 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5021067", "chunk_text": "\"Wolf hunting\"\nwith the wolf's cubbing season. The wolf became extinct in England during the reign of Henry VII (1485–1509). It is known that wolves survived in Scotland up until the 18th century. Mary, Queen of Scots, is known to have hunted wolves in the forest of Atholl in 1563. Stories on the killing of the alleged last wolf of Scotland vary. Official records indicate that the last Scottish wolf was killed by Sir Ewan Cameron in 1680. Popular folklore on the other hand tells of how an old man named MacQueen of Pall à Chrocain in the Findhorn Valley of Morayshire", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 9 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9087608", "chunk_text": "\"John Boreland\"\nhome in Carr's Glen. Following the attack both Bunting and Howcroft were arrested on suspicion of involvement. The charges were dropped in September 2015. Boreland was shot and killed at his Sunningdale Gardens home on the evening of 7 August 2016. He was shot at close range at 21:50 BST as he returned to his flat by an assailant wielding a shotgun. Boreland had visited a local pub, the Hedgehog and Bucket on the nearby Oldpark Road, and was returning home when the attack occurred. A Police Service of Northern Ireland spokesman said in the aftermath of the shooting that", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 10 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17173785", "chunk_text": "\"Bear attack\"\nblack bear attacks tend to be motivated by hunger rather than territoriality, and thus victims have a higher probability of surviving by fighting back rather than submitting. Unlike grizzlies, female black bears do not display the same level of protectiveness to their cubs, and will seldom attack humans in their vicinity. The worst recorded fatality incident occurred in May 1978, in which a black bear killed three teenagers fishing in Algonquin Park in Canada. The majority of attacks happened in national parks, usually near campgrounds, where the bears had become habituated to human contact and food. 1028 incidences of black", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 11 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10442561", "chunk_text": "Bear\nwere kept for baiting in Europe at least since the 16th century. There were five bear-baiting gardens in Southwark, London at that time; archaeological remains of three of these have survived. Across Europe, nomadic Romani bear handlers called Ursari lived by busking with their bears from the 12th century. Bears have been hunted for sport, food, and folk medicine. Their meat is dark and stringy, like a tough cut of beef. In Cantonese cuisine, bear paws are considered a delicacy. Bear meat should be cooked thoroughly, as it can be infected with the parasite \"\"Trichinella spiralis\"\". The peoples of eastern", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 12 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "692933", "chunk_text": "\"Eurasian brown bear\"\nAges, meat consisted of only 40% of its dietary intake. Today, meat makes up little more than 10–15% of its diet. Whenever possible, the brown bear will consume sheep. Unlike in North America, where an average of two people a year are killed by bears, Scandinavia only has records of three fatal bear attacks within the last century. The oldest fossils are from the Choukoutien, China, and date back about 500,000 years. It is known from mtDNA studies that during the Pleistocene ice age it was too cold for the brown bear to survive in Europe except in three places:", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 13 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2408534", "chunk_text": "\"Old Martin\"\nMartin died there in 1838. Writing in 1829 the zoologist Edward Turner Bennett said as a conclusion to his chapter on grizzly bears: During Old Martin's stay at the Tower, in 1816, a Yeomen Warder on night duty saw a ghostly bear near the Martin Tower and, terrified, he struck at it with his bayonet only to find it went right through the vision and stuck into the door behind. It was said the guard died of shock a few hours afterwards. Old Martin was not the first bear to have lived at the Tower of London because in 1251", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 14 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9146219", "chunk_text": "\"Brown bear\"\nis extinct in: Algeria, Belgium, Denmark, Egypt, Germany, Hungary, Ireland, Israel, Jordan, Lebanon, Liechtenstein, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Mexico, Moldova, Monaco, Morocco, Netherlands, Portugal, San Marino, Switzerland, Syria, Tunisia, United Kingdom. It is possibly extinct in Bhutan. The brown bear is often described as nocturnal. However, it frequently seems to peak in activity in the morning and early evening hours.<ref name=\"\"Brown / Grizzly Bear Facts\"\"></ref> Studies have shown that activity throughout the range can occur at nearly any time of night or day, with bears who dwell in areas with more extensive human contact being more likely to be fully nocturnal. Furthermore,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 15 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13216979", "chunk_text": "\"Cinder (bear)\"\nCinder (bear) Cinder (January 2013 – October 2017) was a bear found badly burned as a cub after the Carlton Complex fire in Washington state, United States. She was rehabilitated and released and became an emblem of the region's will to recover. She appears to have been killed by a hunter. As a cub about one and a half years old, Cinder was discovered by Steve Love on his property on French Creek in the Methow Valley on July 31, 2014, two weeks after the wildfires. With third-degree burns on her paws, she was dragging herself on her elbows. She", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 16 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6150131", "chunk_text": "\"Hunting and shooting in the United Kingdom\"\nin any event. Hunting has been practised in Britain since prehistoric times; it was a crucial activity of hunter-gatherer societies before the domestication of animals and the dawn of agriculture. During the last ice age, humans and neanderthals hunted mammoths and woolly rhinoceroses by driving them over cliffs; evidence has been found at La Cotte de St Brelade on the island of Jersey. In Britain, hunting with hounds was popular in Celtic Britain before the Romans arrived, using the Agassaei breed. The Romans brought their Castorian and Fulpine hound breeds to England, along with importing the brown hare (the mountain", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 17 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13577971", "chunk_text": "\"Hungargunn Bear It'n Mind\"\ncompetition in 2006, 2007 and fourth in 2008. In 2009 he placed seventh. He was Top Stud Dog all breeds in the Dog World (newspaper) / Royal Canin competitions in 2009 and 2010. Yogi died in his sleep on 10 December 2012, two weeks short of his tenth birthday. Yogi commanded fees of up to £750 a litter and brought in almost £60,000 from 79 litters. In the five years since he moved to England he fathered 525 puppies, which was more than 10% of all Vizsla puppies registered in the same period. This heavy use of a stud dog", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 18 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20139290", "chunk_text": "Rabies\nwild animal vaccination campaign eliminated the virus from Italy again, and it regained the rabies-free country status in 2013, the last reported case of rabies being reported in a red fox in early 2011. Great Britain has been free of rabies since the beginning of the twentieth century except for a rabies-like virus in a few Daubenton's bats; there has been one, fatal, case of transmission to a human. There have been four deaths from rabies, transmitted abroad by dog bite, since 2000. The last infection in the UK occurred in 1922, and the last death from indigenous rabies was", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 19 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14203781", "chunk_text": "\"Bear hunting\"\nthe time the first organized survey of mammals took place from 1890 to 1904. The last native East Texas black bear was believed to have been killed in the 1950s. Bears are hard to hunt, as they generally live in dense forests or thick brush. They are, however, easy to trap. Where they are hunted frequently, bears become purely nocturnal. Once a general area is identified, a bear hunt usually begins by looking for claw marks on trees. Scores in bear hunts are based on the width and length of the skull. Hunters carrying firearms tend to favour calibres large", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 20 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "622442", "chunk_text": "\"Kodiak bear\"\nmales being one of the major causes of death. Kodiak bears that have recently left their mothers, at ages 3–5 years, have high mortality rates with only 56% of males and 89% of females surviving. Most young female bears stay within or near their mother’s home range, while most males move farther away. Most adult sows die of natural causes (56%), while most adult male bears are killed by hunters (91%). The oldest known boar in the wild was 27 years old, and the oldest sow was 35. Kodiak bears begin entering their dens in late October. Pregnant sows are", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 21 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9302404", "chunk_text": "\"Death of Kenton Joel Carnegie\"\nleast one verified case of a fatal wolf attack on a person in North America, namely Canada, where Patricia Wyman died on April 18, 1996. More than 300 occurrences of black bears behaving aggressively toward humans have been documented in the province, including three fatal attacks. The main evidence against a bear attack was that Carnegie's body was surrounded by the tracks of wolves, while no bear tracks were found near his body. Carnegie's interment was at Thornton Cemetery in Oshawa, Ontario. The RCMP determined that Kenton Carnegie's death was not the result of a homicide. The official Government of", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 22 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6517216", "chunk_text": "\"Fauna of Great Britain\"\nFauna of Great Britain The island of Great Britain, along with the rest of the archipelago known as the British Isles, has a largely temperate climate. It contains a relatively small fraction of the world's wildlife. The biota was severely diminished in the last Ice Age, and shortly (in geological terms) thereafter was separated from the continent by the English Channel's formation. Since then, man has hunted the most dangerous forms (the wolf, the brown bear and the wild boar) to extinction, though domesticated forms such as the dog and the pig remain. The wild boar has subsequently been reintroduced", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 23 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19426472", "chunk_text": "\"Pedals (bear)\"\nPedals (bear) Pedals (died October 2016, New Jersey, United States) was an American black bear (\"\"Ursus americanus\"\") that walked upright on its hind legs due to injuries on his front paws. After videos of the bear were posted on the internet, more than 300,000 people signed a petition to move the bear to a wildlife sanctuary. Pedals appears to have been killed in October 2016 in New Jersey's first sanctioned bow and arrow hunt in four decades. During the hunt, which also included muzzle-loading rifles, a total of 562 bears were killed. Pedals was first spotted in 2014 in Rockaway", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 24 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19077965", "chunk_text": "\"Wolves in Great Britain\"\nby wolves. Scottish folklore tells of how an old man in Morayshire named MacQueen of Findhorn killed the last wolf in 1743. Wolf remains in the Kirkdale Cave were noted to be scanty when compared with the prominence of cave hyena bones. Cuvier later pointed out that the number of wolf bones in Kirkdale was even lower than originally thought, as a lot of teeth first referred to as belonging to wolves turned out to be those of juvenile hyenas. The few positively identified wolf remains were thought to have been transported to the cave system by hyenas for consumption.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 25 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16641667", "chunk_text": "\"The Bear (Bo' Selecta!)\"\nat the Merrion Hotel. The Bear is currently friends with Verne Troyer, who played Mini-Me in Austin Powers. Verne wants to revamp the Bear's show, because he thought that A Bear's Tail was rubbish, along with many other characters. The Bear made his television comeback in the 2018 ITV2 series \"\"Keith Lemon - Coming In America\"\". He appears in the third episode where he meets the Urban Fox, who like the Bear, had moved to America. In the same episode, it is revealed by the Bear that Steven got attacked by four grey squirrel and had his back legs chewed", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 26 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9146191", "chunk_text": "\"Brown bear\"\n(extinct before World War II; possibly vagrants from Estonia or Russia after World War II), Republic of Macedonia, Mongolia, Montenegro, Nepal, North Korea, Norway, Pakistan, Poland, Romania, Russia, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Tajikistan, Turkey, Turkmenistan, Ukraine, the United States and Uzbekistan. The brown bear is usually called the grizzly bear in North America. It once ranged throughout much of the continent. As many as 20,000 brown bears range throughout the Yukon, Northwest Territories, and British Columbia, and in the majority of Alberta. Canada has one of the most stable brown bear populations today. They reach their current eastern limits", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 27 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12115259", "chunk_text": "\"Polar bear\"\nbenefit. Polar bears were designated \"\"Not at Risk\"\" in April 1986 and uplisted to \"\"Special Concern\"\" in April 1991. This status was re-evaluated and confirmed in April 1999, November 2002, and April 2008. Polar bears continue to be listed as a species of special concern in Canada because of their sensitivity to overharvest and because of an expected range contraction caused by loss of Arctic sea ice. More than 600 bears are killed per year by humans across Canada, a rate calculated by scientists to be unsustainable for some areas, notably Baffin Bay. Canada has allowed sport hunters accompanied by", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 28 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17459856", "chunk_text": "\"Bear attack\"\nthe 1990s bears killed around three people a year in the U.S. and Canada, as compared to the 15 people killed every year by dogs. These numbers are averages over the entire U.S. population, while the majority of the population does not live in bear habitats. The risk of a lethal bear attack accordingly increases for individuals present in bear habitats. According to \"\"Wild Bears of the Worlds\"\", by Paul Ward and Suzanne Kynaston, human contact with bears has existed since the time of the Neanderthals and the European cave bear around 200,000 to 75,000 years ago. There is some", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 29 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18622967", "chunk_text": "\"Bear attack\"\n1991–92. Recent bear attacks on humans have been reported from Junbesi and Langtang National Park in Nepal, and occurred in villages as well as in the surrounding forest. Li Guoxing, the second person in history to have received a facial transplant, was a victim of a black bear attack. Nine people were killed by black bears in Japan between 1979–1989, and more recently, in September 2009 it was reported that a black bear attacked a group of tourists, seriously injuring four, while they were waiting at a bus station in the built-up area of Takayama, Gifu in central Japan. The", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 30 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20617596", "chunk_text": "\"Eurasian brown bear\"\nthe global species, not to the Eurasian brown bear specifically), local populations are becoming increasingly scarce. And as the IUCN itself adds: \"\"Least Concern does not always mean that species are not at risk. There are declining species that are evaluated as Least Concern.\"\" Brown bears could once be found across most of Europe and most of Asia, rather than being limited only to Scandinavia. The brown bear has long been extinct in Ireland and Britain, but still exists in Northern Europe and in Russia. There is a small but growing population (at least 43 bears) in the Pyrenees, on", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 31 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10442658", "chunk_text": "\"Brown bear\"\nthe brown bear before perishing. The oldest fossils positively identified as from this species occur in China from about 0.5 million years ago. Brown bears entered Europe about 250,000 years ago, and North Africa shortly after. Brown bear remains from the Pleistocene period are common in the British Isles, where it is thought they might have outcompeted cave bears (\"\"Ursus spelaeus\"\"). The species entered Alaska 100,000 years ago, though they did not move south until 13,000 years ago. It is speculated that brown bears were unable to migrate south until the extinction of the much larger \"\"Arctodus simus\"\". Several paleontologists", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 32 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3274032", "chunk_text": "\"Wojtek (bear)\"\nthe village of Hutton, Scottish Borders. Wojtek soon became popular among local civilians and the press, and the Polish-Scottish Association made him an honorary member. Following demobilization on 15 November 1947, Wojtek was given to the Edinburgh Zoo, where he spent the rest of his life, often visited by journalists and former Polish soldiers, some of whom would toss him cigarettes, which he proceeded to eat because there was no one there to light them for him. Media attention contributed to Wojtek's popularity. He was a frequent guest on BBC television's \"\"Blue Peter\"\" programme for children. Wojtek died in December", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 33 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10849684", "chunk_text": "\"Kermode bear\"\nTrudeau shut the project down after the First Nations took the Canadian government to court and won. Trudeau instead approved two different pipelines, the Kinder Morgan Trans Mountain Expansion Project and another Enbridge Pipeline, that have been deemed not to affect the British Columbia Coast or the Great Bear Rainforest. In 2012 the coastal First Nations banned trophy hunting of all bears in their territories of the Great Bear Rainforest; however, the British Columbia government did not do the same. On November 30, 2017, after much public pressure to end the practice, the government of British Columbia banned the trophy", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 34 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14203765", "chunk_text": "\"Bear hunting\"\nBear hunting Bear hunting is the act of hunting bears. Bears have been hunted since prehistoric times for their meat and fur. In modern times they have been favoured by big game hunters due to their size and ferocity. Bear hunting has a vast history throughout Europe and North America, and hunting practices have varied based on location and type of bear. Bears are large mammals in the order Carnivora. Although there are only eight living species of bear, they are widespread, appearing in a wide variety of habitats throughout the Northern Hemisphere and partially in the Southern Hemisphere. The", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 35 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19987178", "chunk_text": "\"Bear Monument\"\nBear Monument The Bear Monument () is a monument to bears in the Harz mountains of central Germany. It stands by a forest track and walking trail in woods not far from the Bremer Teich and the Viktorshöhe hill and marks the spot where the last bear was killed in 1696 in the Anhalt Forest. The monument was erected around 1900. It is a glacial erratic boulder on which a cast-iron memorial plate with an inscription has been affixed. Next to the bear monument is a checkpoint (no. 184) which is part of the Harzer Wandernadel network of hiking trails.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 36 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10734245", "chunk_text": "Coypu\nkilled by gun. Combined with cold winters in 1962 to 1963, almost 40,500 coypu were removed from the population. Although coypu populations were greatly reduced after the 1962-1965 campaign ended, the population increased until another eradication campaign began in 1981. This campaign succeeded in fully eradicating coypu in Great Britain. The trapping areas were broken into 8 sectors leaving no area uncontrolled. The 24 Trappers were offered an incentive for early completion of the 10-year campaign. In 1989 coypu were assumed eradicated as only 3 males were found between 1987 and 1989. Nutria herbivory \"\"is perhaps the least studied or", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 37 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "804357", "chunk_text": "\"Atlas bear\"\ntaken away from one another and unable to reproduce and flourish. The Atlas bear finally became extinct in the late 19th century; the last one recorded to be killed by hunters was in 1870 in the Tetouan Mountains in northern Morocco. Human activity can definitely be said to have played a large role in pushing the extinction of the Atlas bear. Atlas bear The names Atlas bear and African bear (\"\"Ursus arctos crowtheri\"\") have been applied to an extinct population or populations of the brown bear in North Africa. The Cantabrian brown bear likely was introduced to Africa from Spain", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 38 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6828865", "chunk_text": "\"Fauna of Scotland\"\nthe Pleistocene interglacials, arctic animals that are no longer extant occupied Scotland, including the woolly rhinoceros, mammoth, polar bear, lemming, Arctic fox and the giant deer \"\"Megaloceros giganteus\"\". Other mammals that used to inhabit Scotland but became extinct in the wild during historic times include the Eurasian lynx, which lived in Britain until 1,500 years ago, the European brown bear, subspecies \"\"Ursus arctos caledoniensis\"\", which was taken to entertain the Roman circuses but died out in the 9th or 10th century, and the elk, which lasted until about 1300. The wild boar and wild ox or urus died out in", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 39 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16308656", "chunk_text": "\"Fauna of Great Britain\"\nexisting in parts of North West England and on the Isle of Wight. Rabbits and brown hares were introduced in Roman times, while the indigenous mountain hare remains only in Scotland and a small re-introduced population in Derbyshire. There are a variety of carnivores, especially from the weasel family (ranging in size from the weasel, stoat and European polecat to the badger, pine marten, recently introduced mink and semiaquatic otter). In the absence of the locally extinct wolf and brown bear the largest carnivores are the badger, red fox, the adaptability and opportunism of which has allowed it to proliferate", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 40 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5307084", "chunk_text": "\"Bear JJ1\"\nBear JJ1 Bear JJ1 (2004 – 26 June 2006) was a brown bear whose travels and exploits in Austria and Germany in the first half of 2006 drew international attention. JJ1, also known as Bruno in the German press (some newspapers also gave the bear different names, such as Beppo or Petzi), is believed to have been the first brown bear on German soil in 170 years. Previously, the last sighting of a bear in what is now Germany was recorded in 1838 when hunters shot a bear in Bavaria. Initially heralded as a welcome visitor and a symbol of", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 41 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2227464", "chunk_text": "\"The Perishers\"\nunseen character in a pram). He is also frequently seen questioning the plausibility of fairy tales or nursery rhymes read out by Maisie, while at the same time vandalising an alarm clock or other household item. His teddy bear Gladly (short for \"\"Gladly, my cross-eyed bear\"\") puts in occasional appearances. Not all of these characters appeared during the same time periods This character last appeared in the summer of 1983 and it is said upon his 1984 take-over of the \"\"Daily Mirror\"\" that Robert Maxwell, a Czech whose family was murdered by Nazi German troops, objected to the Kilroy/Hitler character", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 42 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7449333", "chunk_text": "\"Asian black bear\"\nin Japan and Russia. In Russia, 75–100 black bears are legally harvested annually, though 500 a year are reportedly harvested illegally. Russian sport hunting of black bears became legalised in 2004. According to a 2008 article written in \"\"The Sun\"\", Russia's Slavic Hunting Club offers four day trips with four guaranteed black bear kills for the sum of £16,000. The article indicated that clients receiving permits for black bear hunts included people from Britain, the United States, Germany, Spain, Poland and Finland. After the introduction of Buddhism in Japan, which prohibited the killing of animals, the Japanese compromised by devising", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 43 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "23530", "chunk_text": "\"Brown bear\"\nrange combined, although Russia also holds more brown bears than all other parts of the world combined. In Scandinavia, only three fatal attacks were recorded in the 20th century. In Japan, a large brown bear nicknamed \"\"\"\"Kesagake\"\"\"\" (袈裟懸け, \"\"kesa-style slasher\"\") made history for causing the worst bear attack in Japanese history at Tomamae, Hokkaidō during numerous encounters during December 1915. It killed seven people and wounded three others (with possibly another three previous fatalities to its credit) before being gunned down after a large-scale beast-hunt. Today, there is still a shrine at Rokusensawa (六線沢), where the event took place, in", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 44 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14203780", "chunk_text": "\"Bear hunting\"\neliminated from 98% of their original range in the contiguous United States during a 100-year period. Prior to Anglo-American colonization in 1820, black bears were widely distributed throughout all major eco-regions in Texas. The supply of both meat and fat lasted about a century after the first Anglo-American settlers arrived. However, after their value for grease and food had decreased, black bears continued to be pursued and killed for their trophy value. Black bears in East Texas were seriously reduced to scattered remnant populations or eliminated altogether in many areas largely as a result of indiscriminate and unregulated hunting by", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 45 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6999800", "chunk_text": "\"Paddington Bear\"\nseries.<br>It was finished before Michael Bond's death. The final book in the \"\"Paddington\"\" series to be written by the creator himself was released on 27 June 2018 to mark the anniversary of the day that Michael Bond died and the 60th anniversary of \"\"A Bear Called Paddington\"\". Author Michael Bond was also a BBC TV cameraman who worked on the popular children's television programme \"\"Blue Peter\"\". After this was revealed in 1965, a special Paddington story, in which he got mixed up in the programme itself, appeared in the \"\"Blue Peter Annuals\"\" for many years. They were collected in the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 46 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9302412", "chunk_text": "\"Death of Kenton Joel Carnegie\"\nspecific feeding behaviours. A reconstruction of the attack suggested that Carnegie repeatedly broke free and struggled to his feet after being taken down. Bears are adept at pinning prey. The Chief Coroner's confidential investigative report was completed in the summer of 2006 and given to the Carnegie family for review. The report determined Carnegie was killed by either wolves or a black bear, and that the poorly conducted initial investigation and uncertainty of circumstantial evidence precluded a definitive conclusion. An Inquest date of February 2007 was then called by the Chief Coroner, but was rescheduled for 29 October 2007. The", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 47 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10405058", "chunk_text": "\"Cinder (bear)\"\nComplex fires. A camp for child burn victims, Camp Eyabsut in North Bend, Washington, adopted her as a mascot and an interactive online children's book, \"\"Cinder the Bear\"\", by Barbara deRubertis, benefited Lake Tahoe Wildlife Care and Idaho Black Bear Rehabilitation. Cinder (bear) Cinder (January 2013 – October 2017) was a bear found badly burned as a cub after the Carlton Complex fire in Washington state, United States. She was rehabilitated and released and became an emblem of the region's will to recover. She appears to have been killed by a hunter. As a cub about one and a half", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 48 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8475402", "chunk_text": "\"The Bear (1988 film)\"\nnovel and its author. James Oliver Curwood, himself a past hunter and trapper, considered \"\"The Grizzly King\"\" to be a \"\"confession of one who for years hunted and killed before he learned that the wild offered a more thrilling sport than slaughter\"\". During its American release, the film used one of Curwood's famous quotes as a tagline—\"\"The greatest thrill is not to kill but to let live\"\"—and the film was endorsed by both the American Humane Association and the World Wildlife Fund. \"\"The Bear\"\" was released on 19 October 1988 in France, and 27 October 1989 in the United States.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 49 } ]
test_3578	who is the singer of kal ho na ho?	n/a	[ "Sonu Nigam", "Richa Sharma", "Alka Yagnik" ]	[]	n/a	n/a	n/a	[]	[ { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16716415", "chunk_text": "\"Kal Ho Naa Ho (song)\"\nShah Rukh Khan, Saif Ali Khan, and Preity Zinta; the former sings about life's unpredictability and wistfully watches the others romance. Sonu Nigam was busy when the song was to be recorded. Instead of opting for some other singer, Karan Johar decided to wait for a month before Sonu came back and recorded the song for the movie The song was featured in \"\"Outlook's\"\" list of \"\"Bollywood's Timeless Melodies\"\", making it the only contemporary selection on the list. It quickly became popular upon release. The song is one of the most popular Hindi film songs all time. Aman imagines himself", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 0 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16716414", "chunk_text": "\"Kal Ho Naa Ho (song)\"\nKal Ho Naa Ho (song) \"\"Kal Ho Naa Ho\"\" ( Tomorrow may never come) is a 2003 Hindi-language filmi song performed by Sonu Nigam for the 2003 Indian romantic drama film of the same name. The track was composed by Shankar-Ehsaan-Loy, while lyrics were written by Javed Akhtar. In a pathos version, Nigam is joined by Alka Yagnik and Richa Sharma. \"\"Kal Ho Naa Ho\"\" was directed by Nikhil Advani and written by Karan Johar; the latter co-produced it with his father Yash Johar under the banner of Dharma Productions. The music video of \"\"Kal Ho Naa Ho\"\" features leads", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 1 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17607851", "chunk_text": "\"Kal Ho Naa Ho\"\nKal Ho Naa Ho Kal Ho Naa Ho (, ), also abbreviated as KHNH, is a 2003 Indian romantic drama film directed by Nikkhil Advani. The film features Jaya Bachchan, Shah Rukh Khan, Saif Ali Khan, and Preity Zinta as the lead characters, with Sushma Seth, Reema Lagoo, Lilette Dubey, and Delnaaz Paul in supporting roles. It narrates the story of Naina Catherine Kapur, a pessimistic and uptight MBA student. She falls in love with her neighbour Aman Mathur, a terminally-ill heart patient who tries to get Naina and her friend Rohit Patel to fall in love with each other,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 2 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16716416", "chunk_text": "\"Kal Ho Naa Ho (song)\"\nin Rohit's place, romancing Naina. The theme of the song was composed by Loy Mendonsa of the Shankar-Ehsaan-Loy trio and Shankar Mahadevan arranged the groove. In a later interview in the documentary \"\"Pancham unmixed\"\", Shankar, Ehsaan and Loy revealed that the music of the segment \"\"har pal yahaan\"\" in the song was inspired by the music of R.D.Burman. The song was featured in \"\"Outlook\"\" magazine's \"\"20 Best Hindi Film Songs Ever\"\" list. The jury was composed of celebrities such as Gulzar, Hariharan, Javed Akhtar, Kumar Sanu and Shantanu Moitra. Each jury member was asked to nominate 10 favorites and the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 3 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17607852", "chunk_text": "\"Kal Ho Naa Ho\"\nsince he does not wish to bring her the pain of his death by reciprocating her feelings. The film was written by Karan Johar, who co-produced it with his father Yash Johar under their Dharma Productions banner on a budget of 280 million (about US$6,132,282 in 2003). The dialogue was written by Niranjan Iyengar and Shankar–Ehsaan–Loy composed the score. Anil Mehta, Manish Malhotra, and Sharmishta Roy were the film's cinematographer, costume designer and art director. The film has several themes, including the depiction of non-resident Indians and homosexuality. Principal photography took place in Toronto, New York City, and Mumbai from", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 4 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16716417", "chunk_text": "\"Kal Ho Naa Ho (song)\"\nsongs the winners were ranked according to the number of votes each song got. \"\"Kal Ho Naa Ho\"\" was ranked at 19 making it the only contemporary selection in the list. The track was featured in \"\"Hindustan Times's\"\" \"\"Song of the Century\"\" list, which described the song as \"\"one of the most unforgettable tunes in recent times.\"\" Kal Ho Naa Ho (song) \"\"Kal Ho Naa Ho\"\" ( Tomorrow may never come) is a 2003 Hindi-language filmi song performed by Sonu Nigam for the 2003 Indian romantic drama film of the same name. The track was composed by Shankar-Ehsaan-Loy, while lyrics", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 5 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17607880", "chunk_text": "\"Kal Ho Naa Ho\"\nmusic directors for \"\"Kabhi Khushi Kabhie Gham...\"\". The soundtrack for \"\"Kal Ho Naa Ho\"\" was composed by Shankar–Ehsaan–Loy in their first collaboration with Johar, with lyrics by Javed Akhtar. Unlike many previous Bollywood films, Johar complied with international copyright laws and obtained permission to rework Roy Orbison's 1964 song \"\"Oh, Pretty Woman\"\" for the film; the revised song was entitled \"\"Pretty Woman\"\". The music for the title song, \"\"Kal Ho Naa Ho\"\", was composed by Loy Mendonsa when he and Advani were at the German Bakery in Pune. Advani wanted a song thematically similar to Celine Dion's 1997 recording of", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 6 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7092896", "chunk_text": "\"Shankar–Ehsaan–Loy\"\nclass\"\". Composer duo Vishal-Shekhar considers them as an inspiration. Upcoming musicians Arko Mukherjee, Rajkumar Sengupta and Debopratim Bakshi of the \"\"Friends of Fusion\"\" band from Kolkata said \"\"We have been influenced by Shankar Ehsaan Loy, so we mix our own elements to their composition. It's our way of paying homage to them\"\" In Marathi film 'Satrangee Re' paid a tribute to Shankar Ehsan Loy by playing their song Kal Ho Naa Ho. Incidentally Shankar Mahadevan's nephew Saumil Shringarpure also acted in this. The trio is known for launching the career of numerous singers, including Mahalakshmi Iyer, Anusha Mani, Caralisa Monteiro,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 7 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17607896", "chunk_text": "\"Kal Ho Naa Ho\"\nfilm won thirteen of its sixteen nominations at the 5th IIFA Awards, including Best Film, Best Actress (Zinta), Best Supporting Actor (Saif Ali Khan) and Best Supporting Actress (Bachchan). Kal Ho Naa Ho Kal Ho Naa Ho (, ), also abbreviated as KHNH, is a 2003 Indian romantic drama film directed by Nikkhil Advani. The film features Jaya Bachchan, Shah Rukh Khan, Saif Ali Khan, and Preity Zinta as the lead characters, with Sushma Seth, Reema Lagoo, Lilette Dubey, and Delnaaz Paul in supporting roles. It narrates the story of Naina Catherine Kapur, a pessimistic and uptight MBA student. She", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 8 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8294915", "chunk_text": "\"Kamaal Khan\"\nKamaal Khan Kamaal Khan is an Indian film industry playback singer, actor, recording artist and songwriter. His latest song releases are from the June 2017 Bollywood movie \"\"Tubelight\"\". At a very early age he wrote and produced his debut single \"\"O Oh Jaane Jaana\"\" in London. The song released in 1996 becoming a UK hit achieving platinum status. The song released worldwide in 1998 (together with his debut solo album) and simultaneously featured in the Bollywood blockbuster \"\"Pyaar Kiya To Darna Kya\"\", starring Salman Khan and Kajol. The soundtrack went on to sell over 10 million copies and the huge", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 9 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12016740", "chunk_text": "\"Mahesh Kale\"\nMahesh Kale Mahesh Kale (Devanagari: महेश काळे; born: 12 January, Pune, India) is an Indian Classical vocalist renowned for his specialization in Indian Classical (Hindustani), Semi-Classical, Devotional music including Natya Sangeet. Mahesh Kale, after winning the 63rd National Film Award as the Best Playback Singer, for classical piece in the film Katyar Kaljat Ghusli, has firmly established himself as a face of Indian classical music of the new generation. He is a disciple of Pandit Jitendra Abhisheki. Mahesh was born and raised in a musical family in Pune, Maharashtra, India. He began his early music education under the guidance of", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 10 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3249383", "chunk_text": "\"Alka Yagnik\"\nin notable films such as \"\"Dil Chahta Hai\"\", \"\"Mission Kashmir\"\", \"\"Armaan\"\", \"\"Kal Ho Naa Ho\"\", \"\"Lakshya\"\" & \"\"Kabhi Alvida Naa Kehna\"\". Alka Yagnik has won several music awards for best female playback such as Filmfare Awards, National Awards, Lata Mangeshkar Award, Bollywood Movie Awards, IIFA Awards, Star Screen Awards, Zee Cine Awards, etc. She also holds the record for most awards won (7) as well as maximum nominations (36) for Filmfare Award for Best Female Playback Singer. Alka Yagnik married Shillong-based businessman Neeraj Kapoor in 1989. Alka Yagnik Alka Yagnik (born 20 March 1966) is an Indian playback singer. She", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 11 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17607881", "chunk_text": "\"Kal Ho Naa Ho\"\n\"\"My Heart Will Go On\"\", which he was humming at the time. When he heard it, Mendonsa came up with the tune and recorded it on his phone. After Shankar Mahadevan and Ehsaan Noorani listened to it, the trio composed the song. The soundtrack was released on 27 September 2003 under the Sony Music India label. The audio launch ceremony was held two days later at the Taj Lands End in Mumbai. The album had positive reviews and the title song, \"\"It's The Time To Disco\"\", \"\"Kuch To Hua Hai\"\" and \"\"Pretty Woman\"\" became popular. A Bollywood Hungama critic called", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 12 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17607895", "chunk_text": "\"Kal Ho Naa Ho\"\nUK and US, grossing in the UK top ten. It earned 279.1 million ($6,112,571 in 2003) overseas, the year's highest-grossing Indian film. Earning a total of 860.9 million ($18,854,577 in 2003), it was also 2003's most profitable Indian film. At the 51st National Film Awards, Shankar–Ehsaan–Loy received the award for Best Music Direction and Sonu Nigam received the Best Male Playback Singer award. \"\"Kal Ho Naa Ho\"\" received eleven nominations at the 49th Filmfare Awards, and won eight—the most for any film that year, including Best Actress (Zinta), Best Supporting Actor (Saif Ali Khan) and Best Supporting Actress (Bachchan). The", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 13 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12697200", "chunk_text": "\"Shadaab – Abhik\"\nShadaab – Abhik Shadaab-Abhik is an Indian singer-songwriter duo (Shadaab Hashmi) for Hindi films in the Indian Film Industry today. The duo rose to prominence when they were composing the score for the film \"\"Jeena Hai Toh Thok Daal\"\" (2012) which includes the hit song \"\"Palang Tod\"\". They are known in the industry for their versatility and potential ability to create chartbusters. They also received acclaim for their remixes in the popular television show Dil Dosti Dance. The duo faced the press due to the controversy created for the lyrics of the song \"\"Moo Me Le\"\". They have also composed", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 14 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2030393", "chunk_text": "\"Shalmali Kholgade\"\nShalmali Kholgade Shalmali Kholgade () is an Indian playback singer, who predominantly sings for the Hindi language films. In addition to Hindi, she has also sung in other Indian languages such as Marathi, Bengali, Telugu and Tamil. Through her singing career, she has received one Filmfare Award from two nominations, and has been praised for her singing style. Kholgade began her Bollywood playback singing career with the song \"\"Pareshaan\"\" for the film \"\"Ishaqzaade\"\" (2012), which earned her wide success and several awards and nominations, including the Filmfare Award for Best Female Playback Singer. The following year, she garnered a second", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 15 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17607853", "chunk_text": "\"Kal Ho Naa Ho\"\nJanuary to October 2003. Its soundtrack was released on 27 September 2003 to positive reception, with the title song, \"\"It's The Time To Disco\"\", \"\"Kuch To Hua Hai\"\", and \"\"Pretty Woman\"\" particularly well-received. \"\"Kal Ho Naa Ho\"\" was released on 27 November 2003 with the promotional tagline, \"\"A Story of a Lifetime ... In a Heartbeat\"\". The film received positive critical feedback, and was commercially successful; it earned 860.9 million (about US$18,854,577 in 2003), and was the highest-grossing Indian film of the year. It won two National Film Awards, eight Filmfare Awards, thirteen International Indian Film Academy Awards, six Producers", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 16 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17607865", "chunk_text": "\"Kal Ho Naa Ho\"\nfavourite directors, she immediately changed her mind and accepted. Kajol and Rani Mukherji made special appearances in the song \"\"Maahi Ve\"\". \"\"Vogue India\"\" fashion director Anaita Shroff Adajania made a cameo appearance as Geeta Parekh, Naina and Rohit's fellow MBA candidate. In addition to writing the story and screenplay, Johar co-produced \"\"Kal Ho Naa Ho\"\" with Yash Johar under the banner of Dharma Productions. The film was the last produced by Yash Johar before his death on 26 June 2004. The dialogue was written by Niranjan Iyengar. Anil Mehta and Sanjay Sankla were signed as cinematographer and editor, respectively, and", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 17 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17052378", "chunk_text": "\"Lalloo Anup\"\nLalloo Anup Lalloo Anup (Malayalam: ലല്ലു അനൂപ്) (\"\"Previously known as Lalloo Alphonse\"\") is a Malayali singer and Assistant professor in English literature. She is a popular Singer and band performer with live performances top listed in YouTube and other social Medias. Singing the Indian Semi-Classical Music Hindi film Song \"\"Mere dholna Sun\"\" from Film Bhool Bhulaiya at the wedding eve of her brother is her most recognized performance. She sang Malayalam songs at college functions. Lalloo was born on 18 June 1987 in Chemmalamattom, Kanjirapally, Kerala. She began her music training at a young age at home. Her father Alphonse", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 18 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17607879", "chunk_text": "\"Kal Ho Naa Ho\"\nbelieve that they are a couple). Dina Holtzman wrote in her book, \"\"Bollywood and Globalization: Indian Popular Cinema, Nation, and Diaspora\"\", that Aman's death was similar to the death of Jai (Amitabh Bachchan's character in the 1975 film, \"\"Sholay\"\"). According to Holtzman, their deaths broke the bond between the two male leads and were necessary to establish a normative heterosexual relationship (between Rohit and Naina in \"\"Kal Ho Naa Ho\"\", and Veeru and Basanti in \"\"Sholay\"\"). Johar ended his association with the composing duo Jatin–Lalit after the duo publicly stated that they were displeased with his decision to use other", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 19 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4211175", "chunk_text": "\"Sukriti Kakar\"\nSukriti Kakar Sukriti Kakar (born 8 May 1995) is an Indian Playback singer, born in New Delhi. Kakar shot to fame with her crooning in the title song of the Akshay Kumar – starred, \"\"Boss\"\", in 2013 – the song was composed by Meet Bros and featured Yo Yo Honey Singh. Kakar's latest party anthem, 'Kar Gayi Chull,' from director Shakun Batra's \"\"Kapoor & Sons\"\" has become a huge hit, and has crossed 100 million views and counting. Kakar has studied Arts from Mithibai College and was a B.M.M student at R.D. National College. Since the very beginning, Kakar has", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 20 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12016745", "chunk_text": "\"Mahesh Kale\"\nreleased on 12 November 2015 and received National Film Award for Best Playback Singer (Male) 2015. Mahesh Kale Mahesh Kale (Devanagari: महेश काळे; born: 12 January, Pune, India) is an Indian Classical vocalist renowned for his specialization in Indian Classical (Hindustani), Semi-Classical, Devotional music including Natya Sangeet. Mahesh Kale, after winning the 63rd National Film Award as the Best Playback Singer, for classical piece in the film Katyar Kaljat Ghusli, has firmly established himself as a face of Indian classical music of the new generation. He is a disciple of Pandit Jitendra Abhisheki. Mahesh was born and raised in a", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 21 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8645557", "chunk_text": "\"Sidharth Slathia\"\nSidharth Slathia Siddharth Slathia (born 25 July 1991) is an Indian singer and composer. He has become well-known when his cover versions of Hindi film songs received positive response. He became more well known after singing the cover version of the song Tum Hi Ho in the 10 different styles. Slathia was born in Jammu of the Jammu and Kashmir state. As of July 2017 he is 26 year old. His parents have sent him from Jammu to Jaipur to study engineering at Poornima College, Jaipur. However after watching the 3 Idiots film he dropped out of the engineering course", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 22 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "21013412", "chunk_text": "\"Woh Ladki Hai Kahan\"\nWoh Ladki Hai Kahan \"\"Woh Ladki Hai Kahan\"\" (, ) is a 2001 song from the movie \"\"Dil Chahta Hai\"\", composed by Shankar-Ehsaan-Loy, performed by Shaan, Kavita Krishnamurthy, and written by Javed Akhtar. The track is frenzied Celtic music with bluegrass fiddling accustomed by Ehsaan's Acoustic guitar riffs and Flute. The song essentially launched singer Shaan's career, as it was the first hit of his career The song is known for its comical picturization, where choreographer Farah Khan pays tribute to Bollywood, for the first time. The song spoofs the 60s, 70s and 80s of Hindi Cinema in a completely", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 23 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12483817", "chunk_text": "\"Pawan Singh\"\nPawan Singh Pawan Singh is an Indian Bhojpuri playback singer and film actor. He was born in Arrah, Bihar, India. Singh has worked on Bhojpuri pop albums as a vocalist. His first album was \"\"Odhaniya Wali\"\", dated 1997, followed by \"\"Kaanch Kasailli\"\" from 2005. In 2008 Singh released the album \"\"Lollypop Lagelu\"\" (title song). He played his first lead role together in the 2007 film \"\"Rangli Chunariya Tohre Naam\"\". Singh was awarded Best Male Singer in the International Bhojpuri Film Awards in 2016. Pawan Singh's wife, Neelam Singh, reportedly committed suicide at their home on 8 March 2015. In 2018", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 24 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5041750", "chunk_text": "\"Sukriti Kakar\"\na massive hit which crossed over 4 millions views on YouTube. It was then she was offered to sing for the song \"\"Jungli Peeke Tight Hai\"\" from \"\"Kis Kisko Pyaar Karoon\"\" (2015) starred Kapil Sharma. Her latest hit is the party anthem song \"\"Kar Gayi Chull\"\" from \"\"Kapoor & Sons\"\" (2016) along with Badshah. Sukriti Kakar Sukriti Kakar (born 8 May 1995) is an Indian Playback singer, born in New Delhi. Kakar shot to fame with her crooning in the title song of the Akshay Kumar – starred, \"\"Boss\"\", in 2013 – the song was composed by Meet Bros and", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 25 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1450969", "chunk_text": "\"Monali Thakur\"\nMonali Thakur Monali Thakur (born 3 November 1985) is an Indian singer and actress. She is the recipient of a National Film Award and a Filmfare Award.Thakur won the National Film Award for Best Female Playback Singer for the song \"\"Moh Moh Ke Dhaage\"\" from the film \"\"Dum Laga Ke Haisha\"\" (2015) and the Filmfare Award for Best Female Playback Singer for the song \"\"Sawaar Loon\"\" from the film \"\"Lootera\"\" (2013). She is even now continuously giving various new hits. She was a \"\"judge\"\" on Zee TV's Sa Re Ga Ma Pa L'il Champs 2014. She was also an \"\"expert\"\"", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 26 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1531483", "chunk_text": "\"Parichay (singer)\"\nParichay (singer) Parichay (born 22 August) is an Indo-Canadian singer, composer, and music producer. He has released three albums and collaborated in Bollywood film songs including a remix of \"\"Yamla Pagla Deewana\"\" and \"\"O Meri Chandni\"\" from the film \"\"Chaar Din Ki Chandni\"\" which he sang with Sunidhi Chauhan. In 2016, he composed 4 out of 5 songs for the Bollywood film \"\"Loveshhuda\"\".. He also sang 3 of them along with Vishal Dadlani, Neha Kakkar & Teesha Nigam. In June 2017, he released a new single titled 'Habitaan Vigaad Di' which features Bollywood actress Nargis Fakhri & Canadian rapper, Kardinal", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 27 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8645559", "chunk_text": "\"Sidharth Slathia\"\nconsiders Sonu Nigam as his inspiration due to Nigam's versatility. He believes that Nigam can sing songs from any genre and admires his ability to express a multitude of emotions in his songs. Sidharth Slathia Siddharth Slathia (born 25 July 1991) is an Indian singer and composer. He has become well-known when his cover versions of Hindi film songs received positive response. He became more well known after singing the cover version of the song Tum Hi Ho in the 10 different styles. Slathia was born in Jammu of the Jammu and Kashmir state. As of July 2017 he is", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 28 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20663769", "chunk_text": "\"Shahid Mallya\"\nShahid Mallya Shahid Mallya is an Indian playback singer who has sung in various films. He prominently sings Hindi and Punjabi songs Initially performing playback singing for Indian TV serials, Mallya debuted in Bollywood with the song \"\"Gurbani\"\" from the film \"\"Yamla Pagla Deewana\"\". His big break came when his friend, lyricist Kumaar, recommended him to Pritam, who had him sing \"\"Rabba Main To Mar Gaya Oye\"\" and \"\"Ik Tu Hi Tu\"\" for Pankaj Kapur’s directorial debut \"\"Mausam\"\". Both songs went on to become very popular and Shahid started getting a steady flow of playback singing offers. he recently sang", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 29 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9153662", "chunk_text": "\"Abhishek Ray\"\nAbhishek Ray Abhishek Ray is an eminent Indian film composer, playback singer, instrumentalist, music arranger, and producer working in Bollywood . He is well known for having composed the music and done playback vocals for popular and award-winning Bollywood films such as: \"\"Paan Singh Tomar\"\", Welcome Back, \"\"Saheb, Biwi Aur Gangster\"\", Wedding Anniversary, \"\"I Am Kalam\"\", \"\"Shagird\"\", \"\"Chaar Din Ki Chandni\"\", Prem Mayee, \"\"Thoondil\"\", \"\"Yeh Saali Zindagi\"\", and \"\"Tera Kya Hoga Johnny\"\". Apart from feature films, Ray has composed and sung on solo albums like \"\"Udaas Paani,\"\" \"\"Raat Chand Aur Main,\"\" Kab aate ho with the legendary poet Gulzar. In", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 30 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17819130", "chunk_text": "\"Aalap Raju\"\nAalap Raju Aalaap Raju (born 6 June 1979) is a playback singer and a bass player from Chennai, India. His rendition of Enamo Aedho from the movie \"\"Ko\"\" composed by Harris Jayaraj topped the music charts for several months in 2011 and won him the Filmfare Award for Best Male Playback Singer – 2011. He has sung for music directors like Harris Jayaraj, Thaman, G.V Prakash, Deepak Dev, D.Imman, and Sreekanth Deva. His other noticeable songs include Vaaya moodi summa iru da from Mugamoodi, Engeyum Kadhal from Engeyum Kadhal, Endhan Kann Munnae from Nanban, Kadhal Oru Butterfly and Akila Akila", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 31 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14557690", "chunk_text": "\"Dilbagh Singh (singer)\"\nDilbagh Singh (singer) Dilbagh Singh is a Punjabi language singer-songwriter and film actor. Singh was born in Delhi, but is currently based in Mumbai, India. In 2014, Dilbagh Singh gave the hit song \"\"Thodi Jinni Peeti Hai\"\". Dilbagh Singh sang the hit song \"\"Mari Gali\"\" for the soundtrack of the 2015 film \"\"\"\". In 2016, Singh was a celebrity judge at the Delhi College of Arts and Commerce's auditions for the Oppo Delhi Times Fresh Face 2016 competition. Singh claims Kishore Kumar, Jagjit Singh, and Gurdas Mann as among his musical inspirations. Singh typically performs eight to ten international shows", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 32 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17151576", "chunk_text": "\"Indu Sonali\"\nIndu Sonali was born on 7 November 1978 in Bhagalpur (Bihar). She grew up and was educated in Bihar. She made her debut as the playback singer in the Bhojpuri film \"\"Panditji Batai Na Biah Kab Hoi\"\", for which Rajesh Gupta was the music director. She is an ardent fan of Indian singing legend Lata Mangeshkar. Sonali is a regular performer at electronic and new age jazz fusion oriented music festivals. In 2016, Sonali recorded the solo devotional album \"\"Swaranjali\"\" with music director Damodar Raao which was released under music company Sai Recordds. Indu Sonali Indu Sonali (born 7 November", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 33 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "33232", "chunk_text": "\"Kamaal Khan\"\n(released 15 November 2016) Kamaal Khan has won the R.D. Burman Filmfare award for \"\"The Most Promising Upcoming Talent\"\". He also received a nomination for Filmfare Award's \"\"Best Male Playback Singer\"\" for his song \"\"O Oh Jaane Jaana\"\" from the movie \"\"Pyaar Kiya To Darna Kya\"\". The song was also honoured by Filmfare Awards for being the \"\"Most Popular Song\"\" of the year. Kamaal Khan Kamaal Khan is an Indian film industry playback singer, actor, recording artist and songwriter. His latest song releases are from the June 2017 Bollywood movie \"\"Tubelight\"\". At a very early age he wrote and produced", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 34 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8805592", "chunk_text": "\"Kajra Re\"\nKajra Re Kajra Re (, English: \"\"Kohl-like dark(Eyes)\"\") is a song composed by Shankar-Ehsaan-Loy, written by Gulzar and sung by the playback singers Alisha Chinoy, Shankar Mahadevan and Javed Ali. It is from the 2005 film \"\"Bunty Aur Babli\"\", starring Abhishek Bachchan, Rani Mukerji and Amitabh Bachchan. The female lead is a courtesan trying to express her desires to attract the male, or her client. It features Amitabh and Abhishek at a nightclub and Aishwarya Rai, making a special appearance in the film, sings for Amitabh, who joins her with Abhishek in the singing and dancing. \"\"Kajra Re\"\" is inspired", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 35 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17607888", "chunk_text": "\"Kal Ho Naa Ho\"\nthe film belonged to Shah Rukh Khan. Although Shah Rukh Khan \"\"does the same thing over and over again\"\", he performs his role \"\"with such panache that all you can do is sit back and wait for that master artiste to unfold his magic again.\"\" A third review in \"\"The Hindu\"\" by Chitra Mahesh called \"\"Kal Ho Naa Ho\"\" \"\"a smartly-made film\"\" and praised Saif Ali Khan's performance, saying that \"\"he has proved yet again what a wonderfully natural actor he is.\"\" However, she wrote that Shah Rukh Khan \"\"tries too hard to impress\"\". Rohini Iyer of Rediff.com praised \"\"Kal", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 36 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6699869", "chunk_text": "\"Kuchh Na Kaho\"\nKuchh Na Kaho Kuchh Na Kaho is a romantic Hindi song from the film \"\"\"\". The song was composed by R. D. Burman with lyrics by Javed Akhtar and vocals by Kumar Sanu. It was the swan song of R. D. Burman, released three months after his death (January 1994). It is composed in the Dadra taal. Ronu Majumdar played the flute. Along with \"\"Ek Ladki Ko Dekha\"\" from the same movie, the song represented Kumar Sanu's peak as a singer.He also said on interview, this song \"\"kuch na kaho\"\" is used to treatment for cerebral palsy patients. The song", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 37 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12175194", "chunk_text": "\"Kaho Naa... Pyaar Hai\"\ncomposed by Rajesh Roshan with lyrics by Saawan Kumar Tak, Vijay Akela, and Ibrahim Ashq. The dancing sequences were choreographed by Farah Khan. The songs \"\"Ek Pal Ka Jeena\"\", \"\"Na Tum Jano Na Hum\"\", \"\"Chand Sitaare\"\", and the title song \"\"Kaho Naa Pyaar Hai\"\" were chartbusters. The album became the best-selling Bollywood soundtrack of the year. The album sold about 10million units. Kaho Naa... Pyaar Hai Kaho Naa...Pyaar Hai (translation: \"\"\"\"Say... You're in Love\"\"\"\") is a 2000 Indian romantic film, written and directed by Rakesh Roshan. It marks the debuts of his son Hrithik Roshan and Ameesha Patel. The film", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 38 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13737757", "chunk_text": "\"Kavita Seth\"\nKavita Seth Kavita Seth (born 1970) is an Indian singer, who is most known as a playback singer in Hindi cinema, as well as a performer of Ghazals and Sufi music, and leads a Sufi musical group, \"\"Karwaan Group\"\". She won the Filmfare Award for Best Female Playback Singer in 2010 for her classical Sufi rendition \"\"\"\"Gunja Sa Koi Iktara\"\"\"\" for the film \"\"Wake Up Sid\"\" (2009). She also won the Star Screen Award for Best Female Playback for the same song, which was one of the biggest chartbusters in 2009. She was born in Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh. After her", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 39 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17607887", "chunk_text": "\"Kal Ho Naa Ho\"\nparticularly their on-screen relationship and comic timing. He called Shah Rukh Khan \"\"wonderful\"\", calling him as \"\"the soul\"\" of the film and writing that Ali Khan's \"\"joie de vivre makes it one of the most delectable performances seen in recent times.\"\" Rama Sharma of \"\"The Tribune\"\" thought that Shah Rukh Khan \"\"infuses enough spark and affection\"\", but was \"\"overcharged\"\" at times. He praised Mehta's cinematography for capturing nuances and \"\"heightening the emotion.\"\" In \"\"The Hindu\"\", Paresh C. Palicha praised Iyengar's \"\"witty and crispy\"\" dialogue but criticised the characters' Indian accents. Another \"\"Hindu\"\" critic, Ziya Us Salam, agreed with Nahta that", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 40 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10485913", "chunk_text": "\"Arijit Singh\"\nrespectively, and he performed \"\"Phantom\"\"s \"\"Saware\"\" and \"\"Sooiyan\"\" from \"\"Guddu Rangeela\"\". As well as recording soundtracks, Singh released his second promotional single during the year. Titled, \"\"Chal Waha Jaate Hain\"\", the song is composed by Mallik, and features Tiger Shroff and Kriti Sanon. Singh also made his Marathi debut with the song \"\"Yaar Illahi – Qawwali\"\" from the film \"\"Katyar Kaljat Ghusali\"\". In 2015, Chinmayi Sripada recorded a romantic duet titled \"\"Sooiyan\"\", written by Irshad Kamil and Amit Trivedi, with Singh for the Bollywood film \"\"Guddu Rangeela\"\". Arijit was the lead vocalist on the soundtrack of the 2015 movie \"\"Dilwale\"\"", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 41 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17607886", "chunk_text": "\"Kal Ho Naa Ho\"\nhis career.\"\" Ram Kamal Mukherjee described Zinta's performance as \"\"astounding\"\", saying that she \"\"skillfully handled the hues of the complex character\"\" and \"\"walked through the character with elan.\"\" Mukherjee called Advani's and Johar's treatment of the story \"\"unique\"\", admiring the film's technical aspects and its treatment of homosexuality \"\"with a dash of humor, and thankfully by not degrading its social connection.\"\" Jitesh Pillai described Johar's screenplay as \"\"endearing\"\", writing that it \"\"pinwheels with abandon from the bachelor with a heart of gold to the obdurate female lead.\"\" Pillai also praised the performances of Shah Rukh Khan and Saif Ali Khan,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 42 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17607864", "chunk_text": "\"Kal Ho Naa Ho\"\nGham...\"\" was Rahul. Salman Khan and Kareena Kapoor were initially offered the roles of Rohit and Naina. Khan declined the offer because he did not want to play second fiddle, and Kapoor refused the role due to a salary dispute with Johar. Saif Ali Khan and Zinta subsequently agreed to the project. Neetu Singh was approached for the role of Naina's mother, Jennifer, but she turned it down. It was then offered to Bachchan, who was initially reluctant. After Advani told her he would make the film in the style of Hrishikesh Mukherjee and Gulzar, both of whom were Bachchan's", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 43 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8258172", "chunk_text": "\"Kunal Ganjawala\"\nStar Voice of India\"\", another singing competition on Star TV, together with Shreya Ghoshal and Pritam. Since then Ganjawala has worked for many music directors like Anu Malik, Anand-Milind, Nadeem-Shravan, Pritam, Himesh Reshammiya, Ismail Darbar, Shankar-Ehsaan-Loy, Anand Raj Anand, Rajesh Roshan, Viju Shah, Aadesh Shrivastava, Roop Kumar Rathod, Daboo Malik, and Sanjeev-Darshan. Kunal recently sang for Sanjay Leela Bhansali's \"\"Saawariya\"\". His numbers from the films \"\"Maashah Alaah\"\" and \"\"Pari\"\" were running top on the chart. Other than Hindi and Kannada, he has also sung in Tamil, Marathi, Punjabi, Odia, Bengali, Telugu, Assamese and Sindhi languages. His song \"\"Oh my love\"\"", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 44 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17607891", "chunk_text": "\"Kal Ho Naa Ho\"\nblend of romantic comedy and family melodrama\"\" and \"\"a rich meal that may best be reserved for stomachs accustomed to such bountiful fare.\"\" Writing for \"\"Variety\"\", Derek Elley called the film a \"\"slam-dunk\"\" effort from Johar, with \"\"a lightness of touch that sets it apart from the previous hits.\"\" Elley praised Saif Ali Khan and Zinta, noting that they \"\"more than hold\"\" their own \"\"against a huge cast\"\". Manish Gajjar of the BBC found the script \"\"fresh and appealing\"\", and that Advani proves \"\"he has the natural ability to handle both the lighter and serious moments in the film.\"\" Gajjar", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 45 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10120120", "chunk_text": "\"Shalmali Kholgade\"\nSeventy'. Furthering her versatility as a performer, Shalmali has performed as a soloist with a Latvian troupe in a Cabaret named Bombaloo which toured Moscow, Yerevan and Armenia. She has been singing professionally in Mumbai for several years, and worked as a backing vocalist for Ali Zafar's songs. Shalmali made her debut as a lead vocalist in Bollywood playback singing in 2012 with the song \"\"Pareshaan\"\" from film \"\"Ishaqzaade\"\" under the music of Amit Trivedi. The song was a critical and commercial success, topping charts across India. For \"\"Pareshaan\"\" Kholgade won the Filmfare Award for Best Female Playback Singer among", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 46 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13737761", "chunk_text": "\"Kavita Seth\"\nwhom perform with her. Her husband K.K.Seth died of pancreatitis on 15 December 2011, aged 48. Kavita Seth Kavita Seth (born 1970) is an Indian singer, who is most known as a playback singer in Hindi cinema, as well as a performer of Ghazals and Sufi music, and leads a Sufi musical group, \"\"Karwaan Group\"\". She won the Filmfare Award for Best Female Playback Singer in 2010 for her classical Sufi rendition \"\"\"\"Gunja Sa Koi Iktara\"\"\"\" for the film \"\"Wake Up Sid\"\" (2009). She also won the Star Screen Award for Best Female Playback for the same song, which was", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 47 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6075917", "chunk_text": "\"Hasan Jahangir\"\nHasan Jahangir Hassan Jahangir () (born 1 July 1962) is a Pakistani pop singer. He gained fame in the 1980s with hit singles such as \"\"Hawa Hawa\"\", \"\"Hato Bacho\"\", and \"\"Shadi Na Karna Yaron\"\". He released his first single \"\"Imran Khan is a Superman\"\" in 1982 and went on to release his one and only internationally famous album \"\"Hawa Hawa\"\". It sold approximately 15 million copies in India. His music was acclaimed in South Asia, most notably Pakistan and India. In 2011, with a fresh twist to a Bengali folk song Dol Dol Doloni, he came back into Pakistani music", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 48 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7618623", "chunk_text": "\"Abhay Jodhpurkar\"\nalbums. His music journey started when he got into A.R. Rahman's school KM Music Conservatory.He started singing in different languages like Tamil,Telugu,Kannada and Malayalam as well as Hindi. Abhay Jodhpurkar Abhay Jodhpurkar is an Indian singer born in Madhya Pradesh on July 31. He is best known for his song \"\"Moongil Thottam\"\", a duet with Harini for the Tamil film \"\"Kadal\"\" and \"\"E Sanje Eke Jaruthide\"\" for the Kannada film \"\"RangiTaranga\"\". In 2018, he sang \"\"Mere Naam Tu\"\" for \"\"Zero\"\" starring Shah Rukh Khan, Katrina Kaif and Anushka Sharma which marks his singing debut in Bollywood. Abhay Jodhpurkar completed his", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 49 } ]
test_3579	who is the minister of youth in namibia?	n/a	[ "Erastus Utoni" ]	[]	n/a	n/a	n/a	[]	[ { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17229297", "chunk_text": "\"Erastus Uutoni\"\nErastus Uutoni Erastus Amutenya Uutoni (born 29 January 1961 in Omatando near Ongwediva) is a Namibian politician who has served in the Cabinet of Namibia since March 2010. He is the Minister of Sport, Youth and National Service. Uutoni served in other ministerial portfolios before that; He was Deputy Minister of Safety and Security from 2010 until 2015, and Deputy Minister of Home Affairs and Immigration since from 2015 until 2018. A member of SWAPO, Uutoni was first elected as the Mayor of Ongwediva in May 1998. In 2009, Uutoni was selected for the SWAPO list for the National Assembly", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 0 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20179780", "chunk_text": "\"John Mutorwa\"\nJohn Mutorwa John Mutorwa (born 17 August 1957) is a Namibian politician. A member of the South West Africa People's Organization (SWAPO), Mutorwa has served in the National Assembly of Namibia as well as the cabinet since 1992. Mutorwa was the Minister of Youth, National Services, Sport and Culture from 2005 to 2010; he has served as Minister of Agriculture since 2010. Born at Nyangana in Okavango Region, Mutorwa attended the University of Fort Hare, from which he graduated from in 1984. He earned a B.A. in 1995 from the University of Namibia. In 2002, he earned a master's degree", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 1 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20179777", "chunk_text": "\"John Mutorwa\"\nJohn Mutorwa John Mutorwa (born 17 August 1957) is a Namibian politician. A member of the South West Africa People's Organization (SWAPO), Mutorwa has served in the National Assembly of Namibia as well as the cabinet since 1992. Mutorwa was the Minister of Youth, National Services, Sport and Culture from 2005 to 2010; he has served as Minister of Agriculture since 2010. Born at Nyangana in Okavango Region, Mutorwa attended the University of Fort Hare, from which he graduated from in 1984. He earned a B.A. in 1995 from the University of Namibia. In 2002, he earned a master's degree", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 2 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9038456", "chunk_text": "\"Pohamba Shifeta\"\nappointed as Deputy Minister of Youth, National Service, Sport and Culture in March 2005, and he retained his position after the 2009 general election. In a December 2012 Cabinet reshuffle, after the fifth SWAPO congress, Shifeta was moved to the post of Deputy Minister of Environment, working under Uahekua Herunga. In President Hage Geingob's Cabinet, appointed in March 2015, Shifeta was promoted to the post of Minister of Environment and Tourism. Pohamba Shifeta Pohamba Penomwenyo Shifeta (born 27 March 1968) is a Namibian politician who has served as Minister of Environment and Tourism in the Cabinet of Namibia since 2015.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 3 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3726557", "chunk_text": "\"Nahas Angula\"\nNahas Angula Nahas Gideon Angula (born 22 August 1943) is a Namibian politician who served as the third Prime Minister of Namibia from 21 March 2005 to 4 December 2012. He was succeeded by Hage Geingob in a cabinet reshuffle after the 2012 SWAPO congress. He subsequently served as Minister of Defence from 2012 to 2015. Angula is a member of the South West Africa People's Organization (SWAPO). He was Minister of Education, Sport, and Culture from 1990 to 1995 and Minister of Higher Education from 1995 to 2005. Angula was born in Onyaanya, Oshikoto Region. He was in exile", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 4 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14275564", "chunk_text": "\"Zephania Kameeta\"\nZephania Kameeta Zephania Kameeta (born 7 August 1945 in Otjimbingwe, Erongo Region) is a Namibian religious and political leader. Since 2015, he has been the Namibian Minister of Poverty Eradication and Social Welfare. Kameeta studied at the Paulinum Seminary at Otjimbingwe from 1968 to 1971. He was ordained as a minister of the Evangelical Lutheran Church in 1972, and taught at the Paulinum Seminary from 1973, serving as its principal 1976-77. Kameeta served as a parish minister in Lüderitz from 1978 to 1981. He was elected vice-president of the Evangelical Lutheran Church in 1982 and deputy bishop in 1985. Between", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 5 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17536357", "chunk_text": "\"Rosalia Nghidinwa\"\nRosalia Nghidinwa Rosalia Annette Nghidinwa (26 October 1952 – 15 January 2018) was a Namibian politician. Born in Nkurenkuru, Kavango Region, Nghidinwa was a member of the South West Africa People's Organization, Nghidinwa was a member of the cabinet of Namibia as Deputy Minister of Labour from 2000 to 2005, Minister of Immigration and Home Affairs from 2005 to 2012 and Minister of Gender Equality and Child Welfare since December 2012. She was a member of the National Assembly of Namibia since 2000. In 2010, she was re-elected to the National Assembly and reappointed as the Immigration and Home Affairs", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 6 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3726561", "chunk_text": "\"Nahas Angula\"\nis a member of the Lutheran church, as has been his family for generations. Nahas Angula Nahas Gideon Angula (born 22 August 1943) is a Namibian politician who served as the third Prime Minister of Namibia from 21 March 2005 to 4 December 2012. He was succeeded by Hage Geingob in a cabinet reshuffle after the 2012 SWAPO congress. He subsequently served as Minister of Defence from 2012 to 2015. Angula is a member of the South West Africa People's Organization (SWAPO). He was Minister of Education, Sport, and Culture from 1990 to 1995 and Minister of Higher Education from", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 7 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12798780", "chunk_text": "\"Jerry Ekandjo\"\nMinister of Youth and Sport since 2012, from which he was recalled in early 2018. Previously he was Deputy Minister of Local Government and Housing from 1990 to 1995, Minister of Home Affairs from 1995 to 2005, Minister of Lands and Resettlement from 2005 to 2008, and Minister of Regional and Local Government, Housing and Rural Development from 2008 to 2012. In 2012 Ekandjo was a candidate for the Vice-President of SWAPO and came second to Hage Geingob who eventually became the President of Namibia in 2015. In 2017 he was nominated as a candidate for the President of SWAPO", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 8 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17773540", "chunk_text": "\"Saara Kuugongelwa\"\nSaara Kuugongelwa Saara Kuugongelwa-Amadhila (born 12 October 1967) is the fourth and current Prime Minister of Namibia, in office since 21 March 2015. Kuugongelwa is a member of the South West Africa People's Organization (SWAPO). She has been a member of the National Assembly of Namibia since 1995 and served as Minister of Finance from 2003 to 2015. She is the first woman to serve as Prime Minister of Namibia. Born in Otamanzi, Omusati, Kuugongelwa went into exile with SWAPO in 1980 at the age of 13 and left for Sierra Leone in 1982 at the age of 15. She", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 9 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14752242", "chunk_text": "\"Netumbo Nandi-Ndaitwah\"\nNetumbo Nandi-Ndaitwah Netumbo Nandi-Ndaitwah (born 29 October 1952) is a Namibian politician who is the Deputy Prime Minister of Namibia since March 2015. She has also served as Namibia's Minister of International Relations and Cooperation since December 2012. From March 2010 to December 2012, she was Minister of the Environment and Tourism. Nandi-Ndaitwah is a member of SWAPO, Namibia's ruling party, and a long-time member of the National Assembly of Namibia. In 2017 Nandi-Ndaitwah was elected Vice-President of the Swapo Party at the party's 6th Congress. She is the first woman to serve in that position. Born at Onamutai in", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 10 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17773543", "chunk_text": "\"Saara Kuugongelwa\"\nModibo Keita's visit and in a speech (read by Christine Hoebes on her behalf) at the 10th Namibian Women's Summit where she stated that it would take 70 years to close the gender pay gap across Africa. Saara Kuugongelwa Saara Kuugongelwa-Amadhila (born 12 October 1967) is the fourth and current Prime Minister of Namibia, in office since 21 March 2015. Kuugongelwa is a member of the South West Africa People's Organization (SWAPO). She has been a member of the National Assembly of Namibia since 1995 and served as Minister of Finance from 2003 to 2015. She is the first woman", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 11 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13258098", "chunk_text": "\"Jeremia Nambinga\"\n2017 but challenged the result in court, and won. In August 2018 he resigned his presidency. Jeremia Nambinga Jeremia Nambinga (born 13 December 1946 in Ohangwena Region) is a Namibian politician. Since 2008, Nambinga has been a member of the Rally for Democracy and Progress (RDP) and has been its president from 2015 to 2018. A long-serving member of Swapo party, Nambinga was Deputy Minister of Home Affairs and a member of the National Assembly of Namibia from 1995. In 2000 he was transferred to the Ministry of Prisons and Correctional Services where he served as Deputy Minister until 2004.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 12 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7408075", "chunk_text": "\"Pohamba Shifeta\"\nPohamba Shifeta Pohamba Penomwenyo Shifeta (born 27 March 1968) is a Namibian politician who has served as Minister of Environment and Tourism in the Cabinet of Namibia since 2015. Shifeta was born at Ongenga in Ohangwena Region. He has been active in the SWAPO-led National Union of Namibian Workers and Namibia National Students Organisation since 1988. He earned a bachelor's degree in political science at the University of Namibia in 1996. He has also been involved in the SWAPO Party Youth League. Shifeta was first elected to the National Assembly of Namibia in 2004 as a SWAPO candidate. He was", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 13 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "724918", "chunk_text": "\"Rosalia Nghidinwa\"\nhad 6 children. Nghidinwa died in Windhoek, Namibia on 14th of January 2018 after suffering from cancer. Rosalia Nghidinwa Rosalia Annette Nghidinwa (26 October 1952 – 15 January 2018) was a Namibian politician. Born in Nkurenkuru, Kavango Region, Nghidinwa was a member of the South West Africa People's Organization, Nghidinwa was a member of the cabinet of Namibia as Deputy Minister of Labour from 2000 to 2005, Minister of Immigration and Home Affairs from 2005 to 2012 and Minister of Gender Equality and Child Welfare since December 2012. She was a member of the National Assembly of Namibia since 2000.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 14 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9129515", "chunk_text": "\"Peya Mushelenga\"\nPeya Mushelenga Peya Mushelenga is a Namibian politician and poet. A member of SWAPO, Mushelenga has been a member of the National Assembly of Namibia since 2005 and is Namibia's current Minister of Urban and Rural Development since his appointment in 2018. Peya Mushelenga was born at Oshigambo in the Oshikoto Region of northern Namibia. He attended Oluno Senior Secondary School until 1992 and then entered the University of Namibia (UNAM). He attained a BA in History and Political Studies there in 1995, a B Juris in 2011, a LLB (Honours) in 2014, and a LLM in 2017. In parallel", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 15 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1224290", "chunk_text": "\"Utoni Nujoma\"\nUtoni Nujoma Utoni Daniel Nujoma (born 8 September 1952) is a Namibian politician who has served in the government of Namibia as Minister of Land Reform since 2015. Previously he was Deputy Minister of Justice from 2005 to 2010, Minister of Foreign Affairs from 2010 to 2012, and Minister of Justice from 2012 to 2015. Nujoma is also a member of the Central Committee and Politburo of SWAPO. Nujoma is the first born son of Namibia's founding President Sam Nujoma, who was in office from 1990 to 2005, and Kovambo Nujoma, the former First Lady of Namibia. Nujoma was born", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 16 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13258096", "chunk_text": "\"Jeremia Nambinga\"\nJeremia Nambinga Jeremia Nambinga (born 13 December 1946 in Ohangwena Region) is a Namibian politician. Since 2008, Nambinga has been a member of the Rally for Democracy and Progress (RDP) and has been its president from 2015 to 2018. A long-serving member of Swapo party, Nambinga was Deputy Minister of Home Affairs and a member of the National Assembly of Namibia from 1995. In 2000 he was transferred to the Ministry of Prisons and Correctional Services where he served as Deputy Minister until 2004. For the following election period he almost missed his place in the National Assembly, being #56", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 17 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6199971", "chunk_text": "\"Ignatius Shixwameni\"\nIgnatius Shixwameni Ignatius Nkotongo Shixwameni (born 4 September 1966) is a Namibian politician. He is the leader of Namibia's All People's Party. Shixwameni was born in Shambyu, the traditional kingdom in the Kavango Region, and he earned a Master's of Arts degree from the University of Havana in Social Sciences. Shixwameni was a student leader of the Namibia National Students Organisation (Nanso) at the dawn of independence and was a SWAPO Youth League leader from 1987 to 1999 and a SWAPO Central Committee member from 1992 to 1997. Elected to Parliament in 1999 as a member of the party, he", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 18 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3068981", "chunk_text": "\"Kazenambo Kazenambo\"\nKazenambo Kazenambo Kazenambo Kazenambo (born 6 July 1963) is a Namibian politician. A member of SWAPO, Kazenambo was first elected to the 4th National Assembly of Namibia in 2005. He then served as Deputy Minister of Local and Regional Government, Housing and Rural Development until 2010, and as Minister of Youth, National Service, Sport and Culture until 2012. Kazenambo is a member of SWAPO's Politburo. Kazenambo was born in Maun, Botswana, the son of Namibian refugees. He joined SWAPO in 1979, at the age of 16. Five years later in 1984, he travelled to Angola, where he received military training.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 19 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2893188", "chunk_text": "\"Obeth Kandjoze\"\nObeth Kandjoze Obeth Mbuipaha Kandjoze (born August 9, 1966 in Windhoek) is a Namibian politician of SWAPO. He has been Minister of Mining and Energy in the Hage Geingob Cabinet since 2015. In a Cabinet reshuffle in February 2018 he swapped positions with Tom Alweendo and is since the and has been Minister in charge of the National Planning Commission. Kandjoze has worked for the National Petroleum Corporation of Namibia since 1999 and was its CEO from 2012. He holds a Master of Science degree in geology from the University of Helsinki, Finland, a Bachelor of Science degree, also in", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 20 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20276239", "chunk_text": "\"Tjekero Tweya\"\nand was chairperson of the Namibia National Students Organisation (NANSO). He became President of the National Union of Namibian Workers (NUNW), which is the national trade union center of Namibia, in 1993. Tjekero Tweya Tjekero Tweya (born 18 June 1960) is a Namibian politician and trade unionist. A member of SWAPO, Tweya has served in the Cabinet of Namibia as Minister of Information, Communication and Technology since March 2015. Previously he was Deputy Minister of Finance from 2005 to 2010 and Deputy Minister of Trade and Industry from March 2010 to March 2015. Born in Shamundambo, Okavango Region, Tweya has", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 21 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16165530", "chunk_text": "\"Erkki Nghimtina\"\nErkki Nghimtina Colonel(retired) Erkki Nghimtina (born 16 September 1948) is a Namibian politician and former military officer in the Namibia Defence Force(NDF). A member of the South West Africa People's Organization (SWAPO), Nghimtina has been a member of the National Assembly of Namibia since 1995 and the Minister of Mines and Energy since 20 March 2005. As of 2013 he is the Minister of Works and Transport. Erkki Nghimtina was born in Eembidi in Ovamboland (now Ohangwena Region) in September 1948 to Meriam Shopati and Johannes Nghimtina. He began working in 1970 as a clerk in Oshakati and from 1972–73", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 22 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17750108", "chunk_text": "\"David Namwandi\"\nDavid Namwandi David R. Namwandi (born February 28, 1954) is a Namibian politician and academic, who served as the Minister of Education from 2013 to 2015. Namwandi previously served as Deputy Minister of Education from 2010 to 2013. He is a member of SWAPO, Namibia's ruling party. Namwandi was born at Okapya in Ondangwa, Oshana Region, Namibia. He holds various professional and academic qualifications from Africa, Europe and Asia including an MBA, a Doctoral Award as well as a PhD in Business Administration from Asia e University (AeU) - Malaysia. Until 21 March 2010, when he was elected a member", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 23 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17233265", "chunk_text": "\"Hage Geingob\"\nHage Geingob Hage Gottfried Geingob (born 3 August 1941) is the third and the current President of Namibia, in office since 21 March 2015. Geingob was the first Prime Minister of Namibia from 21 March 1990 to 28 August 2002, and he served as Prime Minister again from 4 December 2012 to 21 March 2015. Between 2008 and 2012 Geingob served as Minister of Trade and Industry. He was Vice-President of the South West Africa People's Organization (SWAPO) between 2007 and 2015 and became acting President in 2015 when his predecessor, Hifikepunye Pohamba, stepped down. In November 2014, Geingob was", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 24 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16883871", "chunk_text": "\"Alpheus ǃNaruseb\"\nAlpheus ǃNaruseb Alpheus ǀGou-ǃna ǃNaruseb (born 20 March 1954) is a Namibian politician who has served in the Cabinet of Namibia as Minister of Works and Transport since 2015. A member of the South West Africa People's Organization (SWAPO), !Naruseb has served in the Cabinet since 1997 and the National Assembly since 1995. ǃNaruseb was born on 20 March 1954 in Usakos, Erongo Region. From 1970 to 1975, he attended Martin Luther High School in Okombahe. He has also studied towards his Bachelor of Laws (L.L.B.) at the University of Namibia. ǃNaruseb joined SWAPO in 1975 at the age of", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 25 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20276238", "chunk_text": "\"Tjekero Tweya\"\nTjekero Tweya Tjekero Tweya (born 18 June 1960) is a Namibian politician and trade unionist. A member of SWAPO, Tweya has served in the Cabinet of Namibia as Minister of Information, Communication and Technology since March 2015. Previously he was Deputy Minister of Finance from 2005 to 2010 and Deputy Minister of Trade and Industry from March 2010 to March 2015. Born in Shamundambo, Okavango Region, Tweya has received certificates from both University of Cambridge (1992) and Harvard University (1993). In 2003, he earned a bachelor's degree in education from the University of Namibia. In 1985, Tweya helped to found", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 26 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13432548", "chunk_text": "\"Jerry Ekandjo\"\nelection, he was subsequently chosen by President Hage Geingob as one of his eight presidential appointees to the National Assembly. Geingob also retained Ekandjo as Minister of Sport, Youth and National Service when he named his cabinet in March 2015. For the 2017 SWAPO electoral congress Ekandjo campaigned against president Geingob, calling the leadership of government and ruling party \"\"weak\"\". He was dismissed from his minister position on 1 February 2018, along with fellow critic and minister Iivula-Ithana. In 2000, Ekandjo, as Home Affairs Minister, urged police to eliminate homosexuals from Namibia. This caused great controversy in Namibia, especially with", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 27 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13791701", "chunk_text": "\"Obeth Kandjoze\"\ngeology, from the University of Cape Town. Obeth Kandjoze Obeth Mbuipaha Kandjoze (born August 9, 1966 in Windhoek) is a Namibian politician of SWAPO. He has been Minister of Mining and Energy in the Hage Geingob Cabinet since 2015. In a Cabinet reshuffle in February 2018 he swapped positions with Tom Alweendo and is since the and has been Minister in charge of the National Planning Commission. Kandjoze has worked for the National Petroleum Corporation of Namibia since 1999 and was its CEO from 2012. He holds a Master of Science degree in geology from the University of Helsinki, Finland,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 28 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14753357", "chunk_text": "\"Netumbo Nandi-Ndaitwah\"\nand Mobilisation. As such Nandi-Ndaitwah is one of the party’s main spokespersons. From 2005 to 2010, she was the Minister of Information and Technology in Namibia's cabinet. She subsequently served as Minister of Environment and Tourism until a major Cabinet reshuffle in December 2012, in which she was appointed Minister of Foreign Affairs. Under President Hage Geingob, Nandi-Ndaitwah was appointed as Deputy Prime Minister in March 2015, while also serving as Minister of International Relations and Cooperation. Ndaitwah was educated at St. Mary's Mission in Odibo, obtained a master's degree in Diplomatic Studies from Keele University, UK in (1989), she", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 29 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2464076", "chunk_text": "\"Leon Jooste\"\nLeon Jooste Leon Jooste (born 18 February 1969 in Grootfontein, Otjozondjupa Region) is a Namibian politician and businessperson. A member of SWAPO, he was appointed to replace Gerhard Tötemeyer in the National Assembly of Namibia. In 2005, he was elected on the SWAPO Party list and appointed as the Deputy Minister of Environment and Tourism in Hifikepunye Pohamba's first cabinet. Jooste is a White Namibian with experience in tourism. Under President Hage Geingob, Jooste was appointed as Minister of Public Enterprises in March 2015. Jooste graduated from Paul Roos Gimnasium and later from Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa, in", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 30 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19378220", "chunk_text": "\"Immanuel Ngatjizeko\"\nImmanuel Ngatjizeko Immanuel Ngatjizeko (born 30 May 1952) is a Namibian politician and member of the ruling SWAPO party. He is the Minister of Presidential Affairs. Immanuel Ngatjizeko was born in Otjohorongo, a village near Omaruru in Namibia's central Erongo Region. He attended the Augustineum Secondary School in Windhoek and then went to study at Fort Hare in South Africa. He graduated with a Diploma in Commerce and Administration in 1976. After his return to South West Africa he worked at the Council of Churches in Namibia until 1994, heading its Finance Department. He then started working full time for", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 31 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11200389", "chunk_text": "\"Isaac Kwame Asiamah\"\nIsaac Kwame Asiamah Isaac Kwame Asiamah (born 24 December 1975) is a Ghanaian politician and a Member of Parliament of Atwima Mponua constituency. He is a member of the New Patriotic Party of Ghana. Since February 2017 he is the government's Minister of Youth and Sports. Isaac Asiamah was born in Ghana. He attended the University of Ghana, Legon where he graduated, with Bachelor of Arts degree in Geography and Political Science, in 2000. He proceeded to the Ghana Institute of Management and Public Administration for his master's degree in Governance and Leadership, graduating in 2008. Asiamah has had a", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 32 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19530190", "chunk_text": "\"Piet van der Walt\"\nPiet van der Walt Piet Jacobus van der Walt (born 14 January 1966 in Okahandja) is a Namibian businessperson and politician who has been the Deputy Minister of National Planning since 2018. Van der Walt grew up in Okahandja and went to primary school there. His secondary school was the Higher Technical School in Windhoek. He became a diesel mechanic by profession, graduating in 1989 from the Windhoek Technical College. He also holds an engineering diploma in mechanical drawing and machines and properties of metals. Commenting on his alleged service for \"\"Koevoet\"\", the counter-insurgency branch of the South West African", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 33 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1234571", "chunk_text": "\"Angelika Muharukua\"\nAngelika Muharukua Angelika Kazetjindire Muharukua (12 January 1958 Opuwo, Kunene Region – 1 October 2017) was a Namibian politician. An ethnic Herero from northwestern Namibia, Muharukua joined the South West Africa People's Organization (SWAPO) in 1979. She was a surprise choice by President Sam Nujoma for the 2nd National Assembly of Namibia in 1995 and remained in the National Assembly since. In May 2004, she was chosen to replace Marlene Mungunda as deputy minister of Women Affairs and Child Welfare, later renamed the Ministry of Gender Equality and Child Welfare. In September 2012 Angelika Muharukua contradicted international human rights laws", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 34 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4154663", "chunk_text": "\"Pendukeni Iivula-Ithana\"\nPendukeni Iivula-Ithana Pendukeni Iivula-Ithana (born October 11, 1952) is a Namibian politician who was the Secretary-General of the South-West Africa People's Organization (SWAPO) from 2007 to 2012. She was Minister of Justice from 2005 to 2012, and Minister of Home Affairs from 2012 to 2018. Iivula-Ithana was born in Uukwandongo, Ongandjera, Ovamboland. In 1974 she went into exile and became one of the first woman fighters in the People's Liberation Army of Namibia (PLAN). She was active in the SWAPO Youth League and the SWAPO Women's Council whose Secretary she became in 1980. Iivula-Ithana holds Bachelor of Laws and B.Juris", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 35 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14753358", "chunk_text": "\"Netumbo Nandi-Ndaitwah\"\nholds a post-graduate Diploma in International Relations, Keele University, UK (1988), a post-graduate Diploma, Public Administration and Management, Glasgow College of Technology, UK (1987). Diploma in work and practice of communist youth movement, Lenin High Kosomol School, USSR (1976). Netumbo Nandi-Ndaitwah is married to Epaphras Denga Ndaitwah, former Chief of the Namibian Defence Force. Netumbo Nandi-Ndaitwah Netumbo Nandi-Ndaitwah (born 29 October 1952) is a Namibian politician who is the Deputy Prime Minister of Namibia since March 2015. She has also served as Namibia's Minister of International Relations and Cooperation since December 2012. From March 2010 to December 2012, she was", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 36 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16883874", "chunk_text": "\"Alpheus ǃNaruseb\"\nwater and forestry. In 2008, ǃNaruseb expressed frustration at the pace of land reform in Namibia, suggesting that the law be changed to \"\"prioritise the resettlement of the most needy\"\". Alpheus ǃNaruseb Alpheus ǀGou-ǃna ǃNaruseb (born 20 March 1954) is a Namibian politician who has served in the Cabinet of Namibia as Minister of Works and Transport since 2015. A member of the South West Africa People's Organization (SWAPO), !Naruseb has served in the Cabinet since 1997 and the National Assembly since 1995. ǃNaruseb was born on 20 March 1954 in Usakos, Erongo Region. From 1970 to 1975, he attended", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 37 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3859796", "chunk_text": "\"Bernhardt Esau\"\nBernhardt Esau Bernhardt Esau (born 9 December 1957) is a Namibian politician who is Minister of Fisheries in the Cabinet of Namibia. A member of the South West Africa People's Organization (SWAPO), Esau has been a member of the National Assembly since being chosen by President Sam Nujoma in 1995. He also served as Deputy Minister of Trade and Industry from 1999 to 2010. Esau was born in Swakopmund, Erongo Region on 9 December 1957. He earned his matric at St. Josephs Training College in Dobra in 1977 and graduated from the University of Fort Hare in 1984. Esau rose", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 38 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1131273", "chunk_text": "\"Zephania Kameeta\"\nIncome Grant Coalition. In 2015, he was appointed Minister for Poverty Eradication and Social Welfare. Kameeta has Albinism. His prominent role in society has helped fellow albinism sufferers gain better understanding and acceptance. On Heroes' Day 2014 he was conferred the Most Brilliant Order of the Sun, First Class. Zephania Kameeta Zephania Kameeta (born 7 August 1945 in Otjimbingwe, Erongo Region) is a Namibian religious and political leader. Since 2015, he has been the Namibian Minister of Poverty Eradication and Social Welfare. Kameeta studied at the Paulinum Seminary at Otjimbingwe from 1968 to 1971. He was ordained as a minister", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 39 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16058687", "chunk_text": "\"Charles Namoloh\"\nCharles Namoloh Major General Charles Dickson Ndaxu Phillip Namoloh (born 28 February 1950) is a Namibian diplomat, politician and military figure who has served in the cabinet of Namibia as Minister of Safety and Security since 2015. Namoloh has been a member of the National Assembly of Namibia since 2005; he was Minister of Defense from 2005 to 2012 and Minister of Regional and Local Government, Housing and Rural Development from 2012 to 2015. Namoloh was born on 28 February 1950, in Odibo, Ovamboland (now Ohangwena Region). Namoloh entered politics as a union organizer for the South West Africa People's", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 40 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12798779", "chunk_text": "\"Jerry Ekandjo\"\nJerry Ekandjo Jerry Lukiiko Ekandjo (born 17 March 1947) is a Namibian politician and former anti-apartheid activist and political prisoner. He was one of the founding members of the SWAPO Youth League and has been one of the most active internal leading members of the South West Africa People's Organization (SWAPO) during the liberation struggle. He spend eight years in prison on Robben Island after being charged for inciting violence in 1973. Ekandjo has been a member of the Cabinet of Namibia from independence in 1990 until 2018, serving the SWAPO government in various ministerial positions. His last appointment was", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 41 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6962857", "chunk_text": "\"Ngarikutuke Tjiriange\"\nNgarikutuke Tjiriange Ngarikutuke Ernest Tjiriange (born July 12, 1943) is a Namibian politician, a member of the National Assembly and former Secretary General of the ruling SWAPO Party. He is the Minister of Veterans' Affairs in the Namibian cabinet. Tjiriange, born in Windhoek, studied law at Leningrad State University and received a doctorate from Kiev University in 1973. After doing research at the International Institute for Labour Studies in Switzerland in 1974 and the International Institute of Human Rights in France in 1975, he was an assistant professor at the United Nations Institute for Namibia in Lusaka, Zambia from 1977", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 42 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13615935", "chunk_text": "\"Pendukeni Iivula-Ithana\"\nin the Supreme Court of Namibia. Pendukeni Iivula-Ithana Pendukeni Iivula-Ithana (born October 11, 1952) is a Namibian politician who was the Secretary-General of the South-West Africa People's Organization (SWAPO) from 2007 to 2012. She was Minister of Justice from 2005 to 2012, and Minister of Home Affairs from 2012 to 2018. Iivula-Ithana was born in Uukwandongo, Ongandjera, Ovamboland. In 1974 she went into exile and became one of the first woman fighters in the People's Liberation Army of Namibia (PLAN). She was active in the SWAPO Youth League and the SWAPO Women's Council whose Secretary she became in 1980. Iivula-Ithana", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 43 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20299287", "chunk_text": "\"Abraham Iyambo\"\nAbraham Iyambo Abraham Iyambo (2 February 1961 – 2 February 2013) was a Namibian politician. Iyambo was a member of the National Assembly of Namibia since 1995, serving as Minister of Fisheries from 1997 to 2010 and as Minister of Education from 2010 to 2013. Iyambo was a member of both the Central Committee and Political Bureau of the SWAPO Party and the chairperson of its Think Tank. Iyambo was born at Oniimwandi in the Oshana Region of northern Namibia, as the fourth of ten children of Helena Gabriel and Agapitus Iyambo. He attended Okata Primary School at his birth", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 44 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12438369", "chunk_text": "\"Nickey Iyambo\"\nNickey Iyambo Nickey Iyambo, M.B.O.S. (born 20 May 1936) is a Namibian politician and physician who served as the first Vice President of Namibia, in office 2015 - 2018. A member of SWAPO, Iyambo has been a member of the Cabinet of Namibia since independence in March 1990. He was the Minister of Health and Social Services from 1990 to 1996, Minister of Regional and Local Government and Housing from 1996 to 2002, Minister of Mines and Energy from 2002 to 2005, Minister of Agriculture, Water and Forestry from 2005 to 2008, Minister of Safety and Security from 2008 to", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 45 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19036800", "chunk_text": "\"Stanley Simataa\"\nStanley Simataa Stanley Mutumba Simataa is a Namibian politician and Minister of Information and Communication Technology of the Republic of Namibia. He served as Deputy Minister for Information from 2010 until his appointment as chief minister in 2018. Simataa gained undergraduate degrees in Australia and South Africa before receiving Masters degrees from Universities in the Republic of Tanzania and the United Kingdom Simataa was elected President of the 38th session of the General Conference of UNESCO in 2015. In Namibia, Simataa served as Executive Director of the National Council for Higher Education (NCHE) (2007-10), Deputy Permanent Secretary in the Ministry", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 46 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17113430", "chunk_text": "\"McHenry Venaani\"\nMcHenry Venaani McHenry Venaani (born 8 September 1977) is a Namibian politician and the president of the Popular Democratic Movement, a party with five seats in the National Assembly of Namibia. Venaani was a member of the National Assembly from 2002 to 2010. At the time of his appointment in 2002, he was Namibia's youngest ever MP. Born in Windhoek, Venaani is a graduate of Dawid Bezuidenhout High School in Khomasdal, Windhoek. He studied at the University of Wolverhampton. Considered a rising star in the Democratic Turnhalle Alliance (DTA, today the Popular Democratic Movement), Venaani ran for the top position", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 47 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14978621", "chunk_text": "\"Tom Alweendo\"\nthe Namibian dollar's linkage with the South African rand. He also raised concerns about increasing amounts of government debt and questioned whether expenditures on education produced better results. In 2010 Alweendo was appointed to lead the National Planning Commission. When Hage Geingob took office as President in March 2015, he confirmed him in this post, now named Minister in the Presidency in charge of the National Planning Commission. In a Cabinet reshuffle in February 2018, Alweendo became Minister of Mines and Energy, swapping positions with Obeth Kandjoze. Tom Alweendo Thomas Kavaningilamo 'Tom' Alweendo (born 17 March 1958 in Omusheshe, Oshana", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 48 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19378223", "chunk_text": "\"Immanuel Ngatjizeko\"\nClass. Immanuel Ngatjizeko Immanuel Ngatjizeko (born 30 May 1952) is a Namibian politician and member of the ruling SWAPO party. He is the Minister of Presidential Affairs. Immanuel Ngatjizeko was born in Otjohorongo, a village near Omaruru in Namibia's central Erongo Region. He attended the Augustineum Secondary School in Windhoek and then went to study at Fort Hare in South Africa. He graduated with a Diploma in Commerce and Administration in 1976. After his return to South West Africa he worked at the Council of Churches in Namibia until 1994, heading its Finance Department. He then started working full time", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 49 } ]
test_3580	where is the diaphragm located on the human body?	n/a	[ "the inferior thoracic border", "the thorax or chest region" ]	[]	n/a	n/a	n/a	[]	[ { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15658644", "chunk_text": "\"Thoracic diaphragm\"\nThoracic diaphragm The thoracic diaphragm, or simply the diaphragm (), is a sheet of internal skeletal muscle in humans and other mammals that extends across the bottom of the thoracic cavity. The diaphragm separates the thoracic cavity, containing the heart and lungs, from the abdominal cavity and performs an important function in respiration: as the diaphragm contracts, the volume of the thoracic cavity increases and air is drawn into the lungs. The term \"\"diaphragm\"\" in anatomy can refer to other flat structures such as the urogenital diaphragm or pelvic diaphragm, but \"\"the diaphragm\"\" generally refers to the thoracic diaphragm. In", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 0 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15658666", "chunk_text": "\"Thoracic diaphragm\"\nsacs can be clearly seen. They extend quite far caudally into the abdomen. Thoracic diaphragm The thoracic diaphragm, or simply the diaphragm (), is a sheet of internal skeletal muscle in humans and other mammals that extends across the bottom of the thoracic cavity. The diaphragm separates the thoracic cavity, containing the heart and lungs, from the abdominal cavity and performs an important function in respiration: as the diaphragm contracts, the volume of the thoracic cavity increases and air is drawn into the lungs. The term \"\"diaphragm\"\" in anatomy can refer to other flat structures such as the urogenital diaphragm", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 1 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15658645", "chunk_text": "\"Thoracic diaphragm\"\nhumans, the diaphragm is slightly asymmetric—its right half is higher up (superior) to the left half, since the large liver rests beneath the right half of the diaphragm. There is also a theory that the diaphragm is lower on the other side due to the presence of the heart. Other mammals have diaphragms, and other vertebrates such as amphibians and reptiles have diaphragm-like structures, but important details of the anatomy vary, such as the position of the lungs in the abdominal cavity. The diaphragm is a C-shaped structure of muscle and fibrous tissue that separates the thoracic cavity from the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 2 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3546002", "chunk_text": "\"Diaphragmatic breathing\"\nDiaphragmatic breathing Diaphragmatic breathing, or deep breathing, is breathing that is done by contracting the diaphragm, a muscle located horizontally between the thoracic cavity and abdominal cavity. Air enters the lungs and the chest rises and the belly expands during this type of breathing. Diaphragmatic breathing is also known scientifically as \"\"eupnea\"\", which is a natural and relaxed form of breathing in all mammals. Eupnea occurs in mammals whenever they are in a state of relaxation, i.e. when there is no clear and present danger in their environment. According to the National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health, \"\"12.7 percent", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 3 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17854671", "chunk_text": "\"Muscles of respiration\"\nsystem and to maximize its functional capabilities. The diaphragm is the major muscle responsible for breathing. It is a thin, dome-shaped muscle that separates the abdominal cavity from the thoracic cavity. During inhalation, the diaphragm contracts, so that its center moves caudally (downward) and its edges move rostrally (upward). This compresses the abdominal cavity, raises the ribs upward and outward and thus expands the thoracic cavity. This expansion draws air into the lungs. When the diaphragm relaxes, elastic recoil of the thoracic wall causes the thoracic cavity to contract, forcing air out of the lungs. The diaphragm is also involved", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 4 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15658653", "chunk_text": "\"Thoracic diaphragm\"\nphrenic nerve that innervates the diaphragm originates from the cervical spinal cord (C3,4, and 5). As the septum transversum descends inferiorly, the phrenic nerve follows, accounting for its circuitous route from the upper cervical vertebrae, around the pericardium, finally to innervate the diaphragm. The diaphragm is the main muscle of respiration and functions in breathing. During inhalation, the diaphragm contracts and moves in the inferior direction, enlarging the volume of the thoracic cavity and reducing intra-thoracic pressure (the external intercostal muscles also participate in this enlargement), forcing the lungs to expand. In other words, the diaphragm's movement downwards creates a", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 5 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15658663", "chunk_text": "\"Thoracic diaphragm\"\na lower digestive tract, but the point at which it originates is a matter of definition. Structures in fish, amphibians, reptiles, and birds have been called diaphragms, but it has been argued that these structures are not homologous. For instance, the alligator diaphragmaticus muscle does not insert on the esophagus and does not affect pressure of the lower esophageal sphincter. The lungs are located in the abdominal compartment of amphibians and reptiles, so that contraction of the diaphragm expels air from the lungs rather than drawing it into them. In birds and mammals, lungs are located above the diaphragm. The", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 6 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18202810", "chunk_text": "\"Respiratory tract\"\ndiaphragm separates the lungs from the stomach and intestines. The diaphragm is also the main muscle of respiration involved in breathing, and is controlled by the sympathetic nervous system. The lungs are encased in a serous membrane that folds in on itself to form the pleurae – a two-layered protective barrier. The inner visceral pleura covers the surface of the lungs, and the outer parietal pleura is attached to the inner surface of the thoracic cavity. The pleurae enclose a cavity called the pleural cavity that contains pleural fluid. This fluid is used to decrease the amount of friction that", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 7 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15658646", "chunk_text": "\"Thoracic diaphragm\"\nabdomen. The dome curves upwards. The superior surface of the dome forms the floor of the thoracic cavity, and the inferior surface the roof of the abdominal cavity. As a dome, the diaphragm has peripheral attachments to structures that make up the abdominal and chest walls. The muscle fibres from these attachments converge in a \"\"central tendon\"\", which forms the crest of the dome. Its peripheral part consists of muscular fibers that take origin from the circumference of the inferior thoracic aperture and converge to be inserted into a central tendon. The muscle fibres of the diaphragm emerge from many", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 8 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4977436", "chunk_text": "Epigastrium\nthat \"\"when both sets of muscles (diaphragm and abdominals) tense, the epigastrium pushes forward\"\". Therefore, the epigastric region is not a muscle nor is it an organ, but it is a zone of activity where the actions of the rectus abdominis and the diaphragm produce an outward bulging of the upper abdominal wall. It is also the spot where the Heimlich Maneuver is able to produce a rapid and forceful exhalation of breath. Epigastrium In anatomy, the epigastrium (or epigastric region) is the upper central region of the abdomen. It is located between the costal margins and the subcostal plane.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 9 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8905833", "chunk_text": "\"Phrenic nerve\"\nPhrenic nerve The phrenic nerve is a nerve that originates in the neck (C3-C5) and passes down between the lung and heart to reach the diaphragm. It is important for breathing, as it passes motor information to the diaphragm and receives sensory information from it. There are two phrenic nerves, a left and a right one. The phrenic nerve originates mainly from the 4th cervical nerve, but also receives contributions from the 5th and 3rd cervical nerves (C3-C5) in humans. Thus, the phrenic nerve receives innervation from parts of both the cervical plexus and the brachial plexus of nerves. The", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 10 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7235332", "chunk_text": "Thorax\nthoracic portion of the spine, collarbone, and the rib cage and floating ribs). External structures are the skin and nipples. In the human body, the region of the thorax between the neck and diaphragm in the front of the body is called the chest. The corresponding area in an animal can also be referred to as the chest. The shape of the chest does not correspond to that part of the thoracic skeleton that encloses the heart and lungs. All the breadth of the shoulders is due to the shoulder girdle, and contains the axillae and the heads of the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 11 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15658660", "chunk_text": "\"Thoracic diaphragm\"\nin the angle between the ribs and diaphragm. An X-ray may also be used to reveal a pneumoperitoneum, in which there is gas in the abdomen. An X-ray may also be used to check for herniation. The adoption of a deeper breathing pattern typically occurs during physical exercise in order to facilitate greater oxygen absorption. During this process the diaphragm more consistently adopts a lower position within the body’s core. In addition to its primary role in breathing, the diaphragm plays a secondary role of strengthening the posture of the core. This is especially evident during deep breathing where the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 12 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16493541", "chunk_text": "\"Base of lung\"\nBase of lung The base of the lung is broad, concave, and rests upon the convex surface of the diaphragm, which separates the right lung from the right lobe of the liver, and the left lung from the left lobe of the liver, the stomach, and the spleen. Since the human diaphragm extends higher on the right than on the left side, the concavity on the base of the right lung is deeper than that on the left. Laterally and behind, the base is bounded by a thin, sharp margin which projects for some distance into the costodiaphragmatic recess of", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 13 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16390073", "chunk_text": "\"Rib cage\"\n(brachial plexus) going to the arm. In several ethnic groups, most significantly the Japanese, the tenth rib is sometimes a floating rib, as it lacks a cartilaginous connection to the seventh rib. The human rib cage is a component of the human respiratory system. It encloses the thoracic cavity, which contains the lungs. An inhalation is accomplished when the muscular diaphragm, at the floor of the thoracic cavity, contracts and flattens, while the contraction of intercostal muscles lift the rib cage up and out. Expansion of the thoracic cavity is driven in three planes; the vertical, the anteroposterior and the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 14 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15658651", "chunk_text": "\"Thoracic diaphragm\"\nfrom the lower internal intercostal arteries. From below, the inferior phrenic arteries supply the diaphragm. The diaphragm drains blood into the brachiocephalic veins, azygos veins, and veins that drain into the inferior vena cava and left suprarenal vein. The sternal portion of the muscle is sometimes wanting and more rarely defects occur in the lateral part of the central tendon or adjoining muscle fibers. The thoracic diaphragm develops during embryogenesis, beginning in the third week after fertilization with two processes known as transverse folding and longitudinal folding. The septum transversum, the primitive central tendon of the diaphragm, originates at the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 15 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5402430", "chunk_text": "\"Diaphragmatic rupture\"\nDiaphragmatic rupture Diaphragmatic rupture (also called diaphragmatic injury or tear) is a tear of the diaphragm, the muscle across the bottom of the ribcage that plays a crucial role in respiration. Most commonly, acquired diaphragmatic tears result from physical trauma. Diaphragmatic rupture can result from blunt or penetrating trauma and occurs in about 5% of cases of severe blunt trauma to the trunk. Diagnostic techniques include X-ray, computed tomography, and surgical techniques such as laparotomy. Diagnosis is often difficult because signs may not show up on X-ray, or signs that do show up appear similar to other conditions. Signs and", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 16 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5402445", "chunk_text": "\"Diaphragmatic rupture\"\nthe stomach into the left chest that was caused by trauma. Diaphragmatic rupture Diaphragmatic rupture (also called diaphragmatic injury or tear) is a tear of the diaphragm, the muscle across the bottom of the ribcage that plays a crucial role in respiration. Most commonly, acquired diaphragmatic tears result from physical trauma. Diaphragmatic rupture can result from blunt or penetrating trauma and occurs in about 5% of cases of severe blunt trauma to the trunk. Diagnostic techniques include X-ray, computed tomography, and surgical techniques such as laparotomy. Diagnosis is often difficult because signs may not show up on X-ray, or signs", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 17 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15658648", "chunk_text": "\"Thoracic diaphragm\"\nthe vault formed by the muscle, closer to the front than to the back of the thorax, so that the posterior muscular fibers are the longer. There are a number of openings in the diaphragm through which structures pass between the thorax and abdomen. There are three large openings—the aortic, the esophageal, and the caval opening—plus a series of smaller ones. The inferior vena cava passes through the caval opening, a quadrilateral opening at the junction of the right and middle leaflets of the central tendon, so that its margins are tendinous. Surrounded by tendons, the opening is stretched open", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 18 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3893725", "chunk_text": "\"Phrenic nerve\"\nof left phrenic nerve has not been significantly linked to reduced pulmonary vital capacity. Phrenic nerve The phrenic nerve is a nerve that originates in the neck (C3-C5) and passes down between the lung and heart to reach the diaphragm. It is important for breathing, as it passes motor information to the diaphragm and receives sensory information from it. There are two phrenic nerves, a left and a right one. The phrenic nerve originates mainly from the 4th cervical nerve, but also receives contributions from the 5th and 3rd cervical nerves (C3-C5) in humans. Thus, the phrenic nerve receives innervation", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 19 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2706729", "chunk_text": "\"Phrenoesophageal ligament\"\ndiaphragm and esophagus during respiration and swallowing. Phrenoesophageal ligament The phrenoesophageal ligament (phrenicoesophageal ligament, or phrenoesophageal membrane) is the ligament by which the esophagus is attached to the diaphragm. It is an extension of the inferior diaphragmatic fascia and is divided into an upper and lower limb which attach to the superior and inferior surfaces of the diaphragm respectively at the esophageal hiatus. The upper limb attaches the esophagus to the superior surface of the diaphragm and the lower limb attaches the cardia region of the stomach to the inferior surface of the diaphragm at the cardiac notch of stomach.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 20 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15658654", "chunk_text": "\"Thoracic diaphragm\"\npartial vacuum in the thoracic cavity, which forces the lungs to expand to fill the void, drawing air in the process. Cavity expansion happens in two extremes, along with intermediary forms. When the lower ribs are stabilized and the central tendon of the diaphragm is mobile, a contraction brings the insertion (central tendon) towards the origins and pushes the lower cavity towards the pelvis, allowing the thoracic cavity to expand downward. This is often called belly breathing. When the central tendon is stabilized and the lower ribs are mobile, a contraction lifts the origins (ribs) up towards the insertion (central", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 21 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15658650", "chunk_text": "\"Thoracic diaphragm\"\ncontained in each structure: The diaphragm is primarily innervated by the phrenic nerve which is formed from the cervical nerves C3, C4 and C5. While the central portion of the diaphragm sends sensory afferents via the phrenic nerve, the peripheral portions of the diaphragm send sensory afferents via the intercostal (T5–T11) and subcostal nerves (T12). Arteries and veins above and below the diaphragm supply and drain blood. From above, the diaphragm receives blood from branches of the internal thoracic arteries, namely the pericardiophrenic artery and musculophrenic artery; from the superior phrenic arteries, which arise directly from the thoracic aorta; and", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 22 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11310810", "chunk_text": "\"Esophageal hiatus\"\nEsophageal hiatus In human anatomy, the esophageal hiatus is an opening in the diaphragm through which the esophagus and the vagus nerve pass. It is located in the right crus, one of the two tendinous structures that connect the diaphragm to the spine. Fibers of the right crus cross one another below the hiatus. It is located approximately at level of the tenth thoracic vertebra (T10). The esophageal hiatus is situated in the muscular part of the diaphragm at the level of the tenth thoracic vertebra, and is elliptical in shape. It is placed superior, anterior, and slightly left of", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 23 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15658656", "chunk_text": "\"Thoracic diaphragm\"\nchildbirth, and prevents acid reflux by exerting pressure on the esophagus as it passes through the esophageal hiatus. In some non-human animals, the diaphragm is not crucial for breathing; a cow, for instance, can survive fairly asymptomatically with diaphragmatic paralysis as long as no massive aerobic metabolic demands are made of it. If either the phrenic nerve, cervical spine or brainstem is damaged, this will sever the nervous supply to the diaphragm. The most common damage to the phrenic nerve is by bronchial cancer, which usually only affects one side of the diaphragm. Other causes include Guillain–Barré syndrome and systemic", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 24 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16493542", "chunk_text": "\"Base of lung\"\nthe pleura, between the lower ribs and the costal attachment of the diaphragm. The base of the lung descends during inspiration and ascends during expiration. Base of lung The base of the lung is broad, concave, and rests upon the convex surface of the diaphragm, which separates the right lung from the right lobe of the liver, and the left lung from the left lobe of the liver, the stomach, and the spleen. Since the human diaphragm extends higher on the right than on the left side, the concavity on the base of the right lung is deeper than that", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 25 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20686092", "chunk_text": "\"Respiratory tract\"\nbaseline level of stiffness and size. The diaphragm is the primary muscle that allows for lung expansion and contraction. Smaller muscles between the ribs, the external intercostals, assist with this process. The epithelial lining of the upper respiratory tract is interspersed with goblet cells that secrete a protective mucus. This helps to filter waste, which is eventually either swallowed into the highly acidic stomach environment or expelled via spitting. The epithelium lining the respiratory tract is covered in small hairs called cilia. These beat rhythmically out from the lungs, moving secreted mucus foreign particles toward the laryngopharynx upwards and outwards,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 26 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18202809", "chunk_text": "\"Respiratory tract\"\nfood from moving into the airway. From the larynx, air moves into the trachea and down to the intersection that branches to form the right and left primary (main) bronchi. Each of these bronchi branch into secondary (lobar) bronchi that branch into tertiary (segmental) bronchi that branch into smaller airways called bronchioles that eventually connect with tiny specialized structures called alveoli that function in gas exchange. The lungs which are located in the thoracic cavity, are protected from physical damage by the rib cage. At the base of the lungs is a sheet of skeletal muscle called the diaphragm. The", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 27 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15658652", "chunk_text": "\"Thoracic diaphragm\"\nrostral pole of the embryo and is relocated during longitudinal folding to the ventral thoracic region. Transverse folding brings the body wall anteriorly to enclose the gut and body cavities. The pleuroperitoneal membrane and body wall myoblasts, from somatic lateral plate mesoderm, meet the septum transversum to close off the pericardio-peritoneal canals on either side of the presumptive esophagus, forming a barrier that separates the peritoneal and pleuropericardial cavities. Furthermore, dorsal mesenchyme surrounding the presumptive esophagus form the muscular crura of the diaphragm. Because the earliest element of the embryological diaphragm, the septum transversum, forms in the cervical region, the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 28 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7235330", "chunk_text": "Thorax\nThorax The thorax or chest (from the Greek θώραξ \"\"thorax\"\" \"\"breastplate, cuirass, corslet\"\" via ) is a part of the anatomy of humans and various other animals located between the neck and the abdomen. The thorax includes the thoracic cavity and the thoracic wall. It contains organs including the heart, lungs, and thymus gland, as well as muscles and various other internal structures. Many diseases may affect the chest, and one of the most common symptoms is chest pain. In humans and other hominids, the thorax is the chest region of the body between the neck and the abdomen, along", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 29 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "479399", "chunk_text": "\"Crus of diaphragm\"\nfibers of the crura diverge as they ascend, the most lateral being directed upward and lateralward to the central tendon. The medial fibers of the right crus ascend on the left side of the esophageal hiatus, and occasionally a fasciculus of the left crus crosses the aorta and runs obliquely through the fibers of the right crus toward the vena caval foramen. Crus of diaphragm The crus of diaphragm (pl. crura), refers to one of two tendinous structures that extends below the diaphragm to the vertebral column. There is a right crus and a left crus, which together form a", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 30 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "479397", "chunk_text": "\"Crus of diaphragm\"\nCrus of diaphragm The crus of diaphragm (pl. crura), refers to one of two tendinous structures that extends below the diaphragm to the vertebral column. There is a right crus and a left crus, which together form a tether for muscular contraction. They take their name from their leg-shaped appearance – \"\"crus\"\" meaning \"\"leg\"\" in Latin. The crura originate from the front of the bodies and intervertebral fibrocartilage of the lumbar vertebrae. They are tendinous and blend with the anterior longitudinal ligament of the vertebral column. The medial tendinous margins of the crura pass anteriorly and medialward, and meet in", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 31 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17329544", "chunk_text": "\"Central tendon of diaphragm\"\nCentral tendon of diaphragm The central tendon of the diaphragm is a thin but strong aponeurosis situated slightly anterior to the vault formed by the muscle, resulting in longer posterior muscle fibers. It is inferior to the fibrous pericardium, which fuses with the central tendon of the diaphragm via the pericardiacophrenic ligament. The caval opening (at the level of the T8 vertebra) passes through the central tendon. This transmits the inferior vena cava and right phrenic nerve. It is shaped somewhat like a trefoil leaf, consisting of three divisions or leaflets separated from one another by slight indentations. The right", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 32 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14689219", "chunk_text": "\"Ventral body cavity\"\nhypochondriac regions; the right and left lumbar regions which flank the umbilical region (which surrounds the umbilicus, or belly button), the right and left iliac and inguinal regions which are where the hips are, and the hypogastric/pubic region, which lies between the hips. The thoracic cavity is separated from the abdominopelvic cavity by the diaphragm. The thoracic cavity is further separated into the pleural cavity which contains the lungs and the superior mediastinum which includes the pericardial (heart) cavity. The organs within the ventral body cavity are called the viscera. Ventral body cavity The ventral body cavity is a human", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 33 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18002055", "chunk_text": "\"Abdominal cavity\"\nAbdominal cavity The abdominal cavity is a large body cavity in humans and many other animals that contains many organs. It is a part of the abdominopelvic cavity. It is located below the thoracic cavity, and above the pelvic cavity. Its dome-shaped roof is the thoracic diaphragm, a thin sheet of muscle under the lungs, and its floor is the pelvic inlet, opening into the pelvis. Organs of the abdominal cavity include the stomach, liver, gallbladder, spleen, pancreas, small intestine, kidneys, large intestine, and adrenal glands. The abdominal cavity is lined with a protective membrane termed the peritoneum. The inside", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 34 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20082429", "chunk_text": "\"Human digestive system\"\ncavity where most of the digestive organs are located. The suspensory muscle attaches the ascending duodenum to the diaphragm. This muscle is thought to be of help in the digestive system in that its attachment offers a wider angle to the duodenojejunal flexure for the easier passage of digesting material. The diaphragm also attaches to, and anchors the liver at its bare area. The esophagus enters the abdomen through a hole in the diaphragm at the level of T10. The stomach is a major organ of the gastrointestinal tract and digestive system. It is a consistently J-shaped organ joined to", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 35 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5699371", "chunk_text": "Lung\nfoster breathing. In early tetrapods, air was driven into the lungs by the pharyngeal muscles via buccal pumping, a mechanism still seen in amphibians. In humans, the main muscle of respiration that drives breathing is the diaphragm. The lungs also provide airflow that makes vocal sounds including human speech possible. Humans have two lungs, a right lung and a left lung. They are situated within the thoracic cavity of the chest. The right lung is bigger than the left, which shares space in the chest with the heart. The lungs together weigh approximately , and the right is heavier. The", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 36 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1906865", "chunk_text": "\"Diaphragmatic excursion\"\nDiaphragmatic excursion Diaphragmatic excursion is the movement of the thoracic diaphragm during breathing. Normal diaphragmatic excursion should be 3–5 cm, but can be increased in well-conditioned persons to 7–8 cm. This measures the contraction of the diaphragm. It is performed by asking the patient to exhale and hold it. The provider then percusses down their back in the intercostal margins (bone will be dull), starting below the scapula, until sounds change from resonant to dull (lungs are resonant, solid organs should be dull). That is where the provider marks the spot. Then the patient takes a deep breath in and", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 37 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15658655", "chunk_text": "\"Thoracic diaphragm\"\ntendon) which works in conjunction with other muscles to allow the ribs to slide and the thoracic cavity to expand laterally and upwards. When the diaphragm relaxes, air is exhaled by elastic recoil process of the lung and the tissues lining the thoracic cavity. Assisting this function with muscular effort (called forced exhalation) involves the internal intercostal muscles used in conjunction with the abdominal muscles, which act as an antagonist paired with the diaphragm's contraction. The diaphragm is also involved in non-respiratory functions. It helps to expel vomit, feces, and urine from the body by increasing intra-abdominal pressure, aids in", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 38 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18002060", "chunk_text": "\"Abdominal cavity\"\nthe cavity. An abscess may also form as a secondary reaction to an infection. Antibiotics have become an important tool in fighting abscesses; however, external drainage is usually required also. Abdominal cavity The abdominal cavity is a large body cavity in humans and many other animals that contains many organs. It is a part of the abdominopelvic cavity. It is located below the thoracic cavity, and above the pelvic cavity. Its dome-shaped roof is the thoracic diaphragm, a thin sheet of muscle under the lungs, and its floor is the pelvic inlet, opening into the pelvis. Organs of the abdominal", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 39 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4775623", "chunk_text": "\"Esophageal hiatus\"\nthe aortic hiatus, and transmits the esophagus, the vagus nerve, the left inferior phrenic vessels, and some small esophageal arteries from left gastric vessels. The right crus of the diaphragm loops around forming a sling around the esophagus. Upon inspiration, this sling would constrict the esophagus, forming a functional (not anatomical) sphincter that prevents stomach contents from refluxing up the esophagus when intra-abdominal pressure rises during inspiration. Esophageal hiatus In human anatomy, the esophageal hiatus is an opening in the diaphragm through which the esophagus and the vagus nerve pass. It is located in the right crus, one of the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 40 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4977435", "chunk_text": "Epigastrium\nEpigastrium In anatomy, the epigastrium (or epigastric region) is the upper central region of the abdomen. It is located between the costal margins and the subcostal plane. The epigastrium is one of the nine regions of the abdomen, along with the right and left hypochondria, right and left lateral regions (lumbar areas or flanks), right and left inguinal regions (or fossae), and the umbilical and pubic regions. During breathing the diaphragm contracts and flattens, displacing the viscera and producing an outward movement of the upper abdominal wall (epigastric region). It is a convergence of the diaphragm and the abdominals, so", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 41 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15658647", "chunk_text": "\"Thoracic diaphragm\"\nsurrounding structures. At the front, fibres insert into the xiphoid process and along the costal margin. Laterally, muscle fibers insert into ribs 6–12. In the back, muscle fibres insert into the vertebra at T12 and two appendages, the right and left crus, descend and insert into the lumbar vertebrae at L1 & L2. There are two lumbocostal arches, a medial and a lateral, on either side. The left and right crura are tendons that blend of the anterior longitudinal ligament of the vertebral column. The central tendon of the diaphragm is a thin but strong aponeurosis near the center of", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 42 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12241752", "chunk_text": "\"Diaphragm pacing\"\nbe performed in a minimally-invasive manner. In the case of the NeuRx device, a series of four incisions are made in the abdominal skin. Several tools such as a laparoscope and probe are used to find the best four locations on the diaphragm to attach four electrodes, which have connections outside the body. A fifth electrode is placed just under the skin in the same area. All these connect to the device. Diaphragm pacing Diaphragm pacing, (and even earlier as electrophrenic respiration), is the rhythmic application of electrical impulses to the diaphragm to provide ventilatory support for respiratory failure or", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 43 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "590751", "chunk_text": "\"Respiratory system\"\nout of the lungs during breathing rarely exceeding 2–3 kPa. During exhalation the diaphragm and intercostal muscles relax. This returns the chest and abdomen to a position determined by their anatomical elasticity. This is the \"\"resting mid-position\"\" of the thorax and abdomen (Fig. 7) when the lungs contain their functional residual capacity of air (the light blue area in the right hand illustration of Fig. 7), which in the adult human has a volume of about 2.5–3.0 liters (Fig. 3). Resting exhalation lasts about twice as long as inhalation because the diaphragm relaxes passively more gently than it contracts actively", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 44 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7725274", "chunk_text": "Abdomen\nAbdomen The abdomen (less formally called the belly, stomach, tummy or midriff) constitutes the part of the body between the thorax (chest) and pelvis, in humans and in other vertebrates. The region occupied by the abdomen is termed the abdominal cavity. In arthropods it is the posterior tagma of the body; it follows the thorax or cephalothorax. The abdomen stretches from the thorax at the thoracic diaphragm to the pelvis at the pelvic brim. The pelvic brim stretches from the lumbosacral joint (the intervertebral disc between L5 and S1) to the pubic symphysis and is the edge of the pelvic", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 45 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8976452", "chunk_text": "Pharynx\nGeneral Pharynx The pharynx (plural: pharynges) is the part of the throat behind the mouth and nasal cavity and above the esophagus and larynx, or the tubes going down to the stomach and the lungs. It is found in vertebrates and invertebrates, though its structure varies across species. In humans, the pharynx is part of the digestive system and the conducting zone of the respiratory system. (The conducting zone—which also includes the nostrils of the nose, the larynx, trachea, bronchi, and bronchioles—filters, warms and moistens air and conducts it into the lungs.) The pharynx makes up the part of the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 46 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10383319", "chunk_text": "Pharynx\nPharynx The pharynx (plural: pharynges) is the part of the throat behind the mouth and nasal cavity and above the esophagus and larynx, or the tubes going down to the stomach and the lungs. It is found in vertebrates and invertebrates, though its structure varies across species. In humans, the pharynx is part of the digestive system and the conducting zone of the respiratory system. (The conducting zone—which also includes the nostrils of the nose, the larynx, trachea, bronchi, and bronchioles—filters, warms and moistens air and conducts it into the lungs.) The pharynx makes up the part of the throat", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 47 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1666487", "chunk_text": "\"Pelvic floor\"\nPelvic floor The pelvic floor or pelvic diaphragm is composed of muscle fibers of the levator ani, the coccygeus muscle, and associated connective tissue which span the area underneath the pelvis. The pelvic diaphragm is a muscular partition formed by the levatores ani and coccygei, with which may be included the parietal pelvic fascia on their upper and lower aspects. The pelvic floor separates the pelvic cavity above from the perineal region (including perineum) below. Because, to accommodate the birth canal, a female's pelvic cavity is larger than a male's, the pelvic floor tends to be considered a part of", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 48 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17329546", "chunk_text": "\"Central tendon of diaphragm\"\nthe central tendon retains its shape due to its tendinous nature and prevents constriction of the inferior vena cava or aorta, however the esophagus is surrounded by muscle at the esophageal hiatus and is constricted. Central tendon of diaphragm The central tendon of the diaphragm is a thin but strong aponeurosis situated slightly anterior to the vault formed by the muscle, resulting in longer posterior muscle fibers. It is inferior to the fibrous pericardium, which fuses with the central tendon of the diaphragm via the pericardiacophrenic ligament. The caval opening (at the level of the T8 vertebra) passes through the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 49 } ]
test_3581	where did the crown of thorns starfish come from?	n/a	[ "Indo-Pacific" ]	[]	n/a	n/a	n/a	[]	[ { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13131774", "chunk_text": "\"Crown-of-thorns starfish\"\nCrown-of-thorns starfish The crown-of-thorns starfish, \"\"Acanthaster planci\"\", is a large starfish that preys upon hard, or stony, coral polyps (Scleractinia). The crown-of-thorns starfish receives its name from venomous thorn-like spines that cover its upper surface, resembling the biblical crown of thorns. It is one of the largest starfish in the world. \"\"A. planci\"\" has a very wide Indo-Pacific distribution. It is perhaps most common in Australia, but can occur at tropical and subtropical latitudes from the Red Sea and the east African coast across the Indian Ocean, and across the Pacific Ocean to the west coast of Central America. It", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 0 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13131780", "chunk_text": "\"Crown-of-thorns starfish\"\nthat it was first described in 1705. Rhumphius used the name \"\"Stella marina quindecium radiotorum\"\". Later, Linnaeus described it as \"\"Asterias planci\"\", based on an illustration by Plancus and Gualtieri (1743), when he introduced his system of binomial nomenclature. No type specimens are known; the specimen described by Plancus and Gualtieri (1743) is no longer extant. Subsequent generic names used for the crown-of-thorns starfish included \"\"Stellonia\"\", \"\"Echinaster\"\" and \"\"Echinites\"\", before settling on \"\"Acanthaster\"\" (Gervais 1841). Species names included \"\"echintes\"\", \"\"solaris\"\", \"\"mauritensis\"\", \"\"ellisii\"\", and \"\"ellisii pseudoplanci\"\" (with subspecies). Most of these names arose from confusion in the historical literature, but \"\"Acanthaster", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 1 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8887495", "chunk_text": "\"Crown-of-thorns starfish\"\nit eradicates the bulk of the starfish in a given area, human divers can move in and remove the survivors. Field trials of the robot have begun in Moreton Bay in Brisbane to refine its navigation system, according to Queensland University of Technology researcher Matthew Dunbabin. There are no crown-of-thorns starfish in Moreton Bay, but when the navigation has been refined, the robot will be used on the reef. Crown-of-thorns starfish The crown-of-thorns starfish, \"\"Acanthaster planci\"\", is a large starfish that preys upon hard, or stony, coral polyps (Scleractinia). The crown-of-thorns starfish receives its name from venomous thorn-like spines that", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 2 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13131785", "chunk_text": "\"Crown-of-thorns starfish\"\nbetween the Indian and Pacific Ocean populations. Those, however, off northern Western Australia had a strong Pacific affinity. With the exception of the very strong connection of southern Japanese populations to the Great Barrier Reef populations, the patterns of variation within regions were consistent with isolation by distance. Again, the pattern of decreasing levels of successful larval dispersal over long distances is apparent. Benzie suggests that the divergence between Indian Ocean and Pacific Ocean populations began at least 1.6 million years ago and is likely to reflect responses to changes in climate and sea level. A more recent comprehensive geographic", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 3 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13131784", "chunk_text": "\"Crown-of-thorns starfish\"\nin the central (Hawaii) and eastern Pacific (Gulf of California) populations suggests they were derived from those in the western Pacific. Further details of the genetic relationship between \"\"A. planci\"\" and \"\"Acanthaster brevispinus\"\" are presented in the entry for the latter species. These are clearly sibling species and it is suggested that \"\"A. planci\"\", the specialised coral-feeding species arose from \"\"A. brevispinus\"\", the less specialised soft-bottom inhabitant. In a very comprehensive geographic study, Benzie examined allozyme loci variation in 20 populations of \"\" A. planci\"\", throughout the Pacific and Indian Oceans. The most striking result was a very marked discontinuity", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 4 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13131782", "chunk_text": "\"Crown-of-thorns starfish\"\n(four locations), Micronesia (two locations), and samples from one location each of the Great Barrier Reef, Fiji, Hawaii, and Gulf of California. A sample of 10 specimens of \"\"A. brevispinus\"\" from the Great Barrier Reef region was included for comparison. There was considerable genetic differentiation between the \"\"A. brevispinus\"\" and \"\"A. planci\"\" populations (D= 0.20 +/- 0.02)(D is genetic distance). The genetic differences between geographic populations of \"\"A. planci\"\" were, however, small (D = 0.03 +/- 0.00; Fsr = 0.07 + 0.02) (Fsr is standardized genetic variance for each polymorphic locus) despite the great distances separating them. A positive correlation", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 5 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13131816", "chunk_text": "\"Crown-of-thorns starfish\"\nin the fish fauna and long-terms studies of coral reef fish communities confirm this expectation. Large populations of crown-of-thorns starfish (sometime emotively known as 'plagues') have been substantiated as occurring at twenty one locations of coral reefs during the 1960s to 1980s. These locations ranged from the Red Sea through the tropical Indo-Pacific region to French Polynesia. There were at least two substantiated repeated outbreaks at ten of these locations. Values of starfish density from 140/ha to 1,000/ha have been considered in various reports to be outbreak populations, while starfish densities less than 100/ha have been considered to be low;", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 6 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6631994", "chunk_text": "Starfish\na means of defence. The Asteroidea occupy several significant ecological roles. Starfish, such as the ochre sea star (\"\"Pisaster ochraceus\"\") and the reef sea star (\"\"Stichaster australis\"\"), have become widely known as examples of the keystone species concept in ecology. The tropical crown-of-thorns starfish (\"\"Acanthaster planci\"\") is a voracious predator of coral throughout the Indo-Pacific region, and the northern Pacific sea star is considered to be one of the world's 100 worst invasive species. The fossil record for starfish is ancient, dating back to the Ordovician around 450 million years ago, but it is rather sparse, as starfish tend to", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 7 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13131777", "chunk_text": "\"Crown-of-thorns starfish\"\nspines on the sides of the starfish's arms and upper (aboral) surface resemble thorns and create a crown-like shape, giving the creature its name. The spines are stiff and very sharp, and readily pierce through soft surfaces. Despite the battery of sharp spines on the aboral surface and blunt spines on the oral surface, the crown-of-thorns starfish's general body surface is membranous and soft. When the starfish is removed from the water, the body surface ruptures and the body fluid leaks out, so the body collapses and flattens. The spines bend over and flatten, as well. They recover their shape", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 8 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13131786", "chunk_text": "\"Crown-of-thorns starfish\"\nstudy of \"\"A. planci\"\" by Vogler \"\"et al\"\"., using DNA analyses (one mitochondrial gene), suggests it is actually a species complex consisting of four species or clades. The four cryptic species/clades are defined geographically: northern Indian Ocean, southern Indian Ocean, Red Sea and Pacific Ocean. These molecular data suggest the species/clades diverged 1.95 and 3.65 million years ago. (The divergence of \"\"A. planci\"\" and \"\"A. brevispinus\"\" is not included in this time-scale.) The authors suggest the differences between the four putative species in behaviour, diet or habitat may be important for the design of appropriate reef conservation strategies. There are,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 9 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13131781", "chunk_text": "\"Crown-of-thorns starfish\"\nellisii\"\" came to be used for the distinctive starfish in the eastern Pacific Gulf of California. The eastern Pacific \"\"Acanthaster\"\" is very distinctive (see image to the right) with its rather 'plump' body, large disk to total diameter ratio and short, blunt spines. It gives the impression of living in a habitat where having sharp defenses against predators has little value, although it lives on coral reef and feeds on coral. Nishida and Lucas examined variation at 14 allozyme loci of ten population samples of \"\"A. planci\"\" using starch-gel electrophoresis. The samples were from localities across the Pacific: Ryukyu archipelago", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 10 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13131800", "chunk_text": "\"Crown-of-thorns starfish\"\nsubstrates with their arms and, when offered a choice of substrates, tend to settle on coralline algae, which they will subsequently feed on. In the classic pattern for echinoderms, the bilaterally symmetrical larva is replaced by a pentamerously symmetrical stage at metamorphosis, with the latter's body axis bearing no relationship to that of the larva. Thus the newly metamorphosed starfish are five-armed and are 0.4–1 mm diameter. (Note the size of the tube feet relative to the size of the animal.) They feed on the thin coating layers of hard encrusting algae (coralline algae) on the undersides of dead coral", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 11 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8887471", "chunk_text": "\"Crown-of-thorns starfish\"\nwas an initial period of relatively slow growth while the starfish were feeding on coralline algae. This was followed by a phase of rapid growth which led to sexual maturity at the end of the second year. The starfish were in the vicinity of 200 mm diameter at this stage. They continued to grow rapidly and were in the order of 300 mm at 3 years of age. Then they reached a plateau between 3 and 4 years and tended to decline after 4 years. Gonad development was greater in the third and subsequent years than at 2 years and", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 12 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13131821", "chunk_text": "\"Crown-of-thorns starfish\"\nthe starfish found no evidence of the starfish in the fish's guts. These carnivorous fish were caught commercially on the coral reefs on the Gulf of Oman and examined at local fish markets. One problem with the concept of predators of large juvenile and adult starfish causing total mortality is that the starfish have good regenerative powers and they wouldn't keep still while being eaten. Also, they would need to be consumed completely or almost completely to die. 17–60% of starfish in various populations had missing or regenerating arms. Clearly the starfish experience various levels of sublethal predation. When the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 13 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8791910", "chunk_text": "Paracorynactis\nParacorynactis Paracorynactis is a genus of corallimorphs from the western Indo-West Pacific. They are specialized predators of echinoderms, and are notable for preying on the destructive crown-of-thorns starfish (\"\"Acanthaster planci\"\") among others. The genus is monotypic with the single species, Paracorynactis hoplites. \"\"Paracorynactis hoplites\"\" is the only species classified under the genus \"\"Paracorynactis\"\". It belongs to the family Corallimorphidae of the corralimorph order Corallimorpharia. It was first described as \"\"Corynactis hoplites\"\" by the British biologists Alfred Cort Haddon and Alice M. Shackleton in 1893. In 1980, it was transferred by the Dutch marine biologist Jacobus Cornelis den Hartog to the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 14 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15343462", "chunk_text": "\"Crown-of-thorns starfish\"\nand were also observed spawning in the Gulf of Thailand in September. High rates of egg fertilisation may be achieved through the behaviour of proximate and synchronised spawning (see above in Behaviour). Embryonic development begins about 1.5 hours after fertilisation, with the early cell divisions (cleavage) (photograph). By 8–9 hours it has reached the 64-cell stage. By Day 1 the embryo has hatched as a ciliated gastrula stage (photograph). By Day 2 the gut is complete and the larva is now known as a bipinnaria (photographs). It has ciliated bands along the body and uses these to swim and filter", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 15 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13131820", "chunk_text": "\"Crown-of-thorns starfish\"\nhypotheses focused on changes in the survival of juvenile and adult starfish - the \"\"predator removal hypothesis\"\": Many of the reports of fish preying on \"\"Acanthaster\"\" are single observations or presumed predation from the nature of the fish. For example, the humphead wrasse may prey on the starfish amongst its more usual diet. Individual puffer fish and trigger-fish have been observed to feed crown-of-thorns starfish in the Red Sea, but there is no evidence that they are a significant factor in population control. A study, however, based on the stomach contents of large carnivorous fish that are potential predators of", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 16 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15343461", "chunk_text": "\"Crown-of-thorns starfish\"\nfecundity of this starfish. Babcock et al. (1993) monitored changes in fecundity and fertility (fertilisation rate) over the spawning season of the Crown-of-thorns starfish on Davies Reef, central Great Barrier Reef, from 1990 to 1992. The starfish were observed to spawn (photograph) from December to January (early to mid-summer) in this region with most observations being in January. However, both gonadosomatic index and fertility peaked early and declined to low levels by late January, indicating that most successful reproductive events took place early in the spawning season. In northern hemisphere coral reefs however, crown-of-thorns populations reproduce in April and May,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 17 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13131775", "chunk_text": "\"Crown-of-thorns starfish\"\noccurs where coral reefs or hard coral communities occur in this region. The body form of the crown-of-thorns starfish is fundamentally the same as that of a typical starfish, with a central disk and radiating arms. Its special traits, however, include being disc-shaped, multiple-armed, flexible, prehensile, and heavily spined, and having a large ratio of stomach surface to body mass. Its prehensile ability arises from the two rows of numerous tube feet that extend to the tip of each arm. In being multiple-armed, it has lost the five-fold symmetry (pentamerism) typical of starfish, although it begins its life cycle with", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 18 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13131793", "chunk_text": "\"Crown-of-thorns starfish\"\nward off the starfish as it seeks to spread its stomach over the coral surface. In reef areas of low densities of hard coral, reflecting the nature of the reef community or due to feeding by high density crown-of-thorns, the starfish may be found feeding on soft corals (Alcyonacea). The starfish are cryptic in behavior during their first two years, emerging at night to feed. They usually remain so as adults when solitary. The only evidence of a hidden individual may be white feeding scars on adjacent coral. However, their behavior changes under two circumstances: The elongated sharp spines covering", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 19 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13131788", "chunk_text": "\"Crown-of-thorns starfish\"\ngenetic material. \"\"A. planci\"\" as a taxon is a generalist, being amongst the most ubiquitous of large coral predators on coral reefs, feeding on virtually all hard coral species, reproducing during summer without a pattern of spawning and often participating in mass multi-species spawnings, and releasing vast amounts of gametes that trigger spawning in other individuals. It is very difficult to conceive of two species/clades of \"\"A. planci\"\" in sympatry without habitat competition and introgression of genetic material, especially the latter. Starfish are characterised by having saponins known as asterosaponins in their tissues. They contain a mix of these saponins,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 20 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8887470", "chunk_text": "\"Crown-of-thorns starfish\"\nacunimata\"\", were included in the aquaria with the encrusting algae and at about the time the juvenile starfish achieved their full number of arms they began feeding on the corals. Juvenile \"\"A. planci\"\" that had reached the stage of feeding on coral were then reared for some years in the same large closed-circuit seawater system that was used for the early juveniles. They were moved to larger tanks and kept supplied with coral so that food was not a limiting factor on growth rate. The growth curves of size versus age were sigmoidal, as seen in majority marine invertebrates. There", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 21 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8887480", "chunk_text": "\"Crown-of-thorns starfish\"\ncoral reefs where \"\"A. planci\"\" hasn't been found to the more typical reefs with \"\"A. planci\"\". Some ecologists suggest that the starfish has an important and active role in maintaining coral reef biodiversity, driving ecological succession. Before overpopulation became a significant issue, crown-of-thorns prevented fast-growing coral from overpowering the slower growing coral varieties. At high densities ('outbreaks', 'plagues'), which may be defined as when the starfish are too abundant for the coral food supply, coral cover goes into decline. The starfish must broaden their diet from their preferred species, colony size and shape. The starfish often aggregate during feeding, even", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 22 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7086031", "chunk_text": "Starfish\nHabitats range from tropical coral reefs, rocky shores, tidal pools, mud, and sand to kelp forests, seagrass meadows and the deep-sea floor down to at least . The greatest diversity of species occurs in coastal areas. Most species are generalist predators, eating microalgae, sponges, bivalves, snails and other small animals. The crown-of-thorns starfish consumes coral polyps, while other species are detritivores, feeding on decomposing organic material and faecal matter. A few are suspension feeders, gathering in phytoplankton; \"\"Henricia\"\" and \"\"Echinaster\"\" often occur in association with sponges, benefiting from the water current they produce. Various species have been shown to be", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 23 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8887494", "chunk_text": "\"Crown-of-thorns starfish\"\ndisease marked by \"\"discoloured and necrotic skin, ulcerations, loss of body turgor, accumulation of colourless mucus on many spines especially at their tip, and loss of spines. Blisters on the dorsal integument broke through the skin surface and resulted in large, open sores that exposed the internal organs.\"\" An autonomous starfish-killing robot called COTSBot has been developed and as of September 2015 was close to being ready for trials on the Great Barrier Reef. The COTSbot, which has a neural net-aided vision system, is designed to seek out crown-of-thorns starfish and give them a lethal injection of bile salts. After", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 24 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13131817", "chunk_text": "\"Crown-of-thorns starfish\"\nhowever, at densities below 100/ha there may be feeding by A. planci that exceeds the growth of \"\"coral\"\" and there is net loss of coral. From the surveys of many reef locations throughout the starfish's distribution large abundances of \"\"Acanthaster\"\" can be categorised as: The Great Barrier Reef (GBR) is the most outstanding coral reef system in the world because of its great length, number of individual reefs and species diversity. When high densities of \"\"Acanthaster\"\" which were causing heavy mortality of coral were first seen about Green Island, off Cairns, in 1960–65, there was considerable alarm. High-density populations were", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 25 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15343452", "chunk_text": "\"Crown-of-thorns starfish\"\ntube feet on its oral surface and flexible body. It fits closely to the surface of the coral, even the complex surfaces of branching corals. It then extrudes its stomach out through its mouth over the surface to virtually its own diameter. The stomach surface secretes digestive enzymes that allow the starfish to absorb nutrients from the liquefied coral tissue. This leaves a white scar of coral skeleton which is rapidly infested with filamentous algae. An individual starfish can consume up to of living coral reef per year. In a study of feeding rates on two coral reefs in the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 26 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15343453", "chunk_text": "\"Crown-of-thorns starfish\"\ncentral Great Barrier Reef region, large starfish (40 cm and greater diameter) killed about 61 cm²/day in winter and 357–478 cm²/day in summer. Smaller starfish, 20–39 cm, killed 155 and 234 cm²/day in the equivalent seasons. The area killed by the large starfish is equivalent to about from these observations. Differences in feeding and locomotion rates between summer and winter reflect the fact that the crown-of-thorns, like all marine invertebrates, is a poikilotherm whose body temperature and metabolic rate are directly affected by the temperature of the surrounding water. In tropical coral reefs, crown-of-thorns specimens reach mean locomotion rates of", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 27 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8887478", "chunk_text": "\"Crown-of-thorns starfish\"\nmany newspaper reports and publications such as 'Requiem for the Reef', which also suggested that there was a cover-up of the extent of damage. There was a popular idea that the coral and with it whole reefs were being destroyed by the starfish. In fact, as described above, the starfish preys on coral by digesting the surface of living tissue from the coral skeletons. These skeletons persist, together with the mass of coralline algae that is essential for reef integrity. The initial change (first order effect) is loss of the veneer of living coral tissue. \"\"A. planci\"\" is a component", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 28 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8887469", "chunk_text": "\"Crown-of-thorns starfish\"\nrubble and other concealed surfaces. They extend their stomach over the surface of the encrusting algae and digest the tissue, as in the feeding by larger crown-of-thorns starfish on hard corals. The living tissue of the encrusting algae is approximately pink to dark red and feeding by these early juveniles results in white scars on the surface of the algae (photograph). During the next months, the juveniles grow and add arms and associated madreporites in the pattern described by Yamaguchi until the adult numbers is attained 5–7 months after metamorphosis. Two hard corals with small polyps, \"\"Pocillopora damicornis\"\" and \"\"Acropora", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 29 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13131798", "chunk_text": "\"Crown-of-thorns starfish\"\nfeed on microscopic particles, particularly unicellular green flagellates (phytoplankton). The SEM photograph is a scanning electron micrograph, which clearly shows the complex ciliated bands of the bipinnaria larva. By Day 5 it is an early brachiolaria larva. The arms of the bipinnaria have further elongated, there are two stump-like projections in the anterior (not evident in the photograph) and structures are developing within the posterior of the larva. In the late brachiolaria larva (Day 11)(photograph) the larval arms are elongate and there are three distinctive arms at the anterior with small structures on their inner surfaces (photographs). To this stage", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 30 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8887493", "chunk_text": "\"Crown-of-thorns starfish\"\nor debris. This route is only suitable for areas with low infestation and if materials are available to perform the procedure without damaging corals. A 2015 study by James Cook University showed that common household vinegar is also effective, as the acidity causes the starfish to disintegrate within days. Vinegar is also harmless to the environment, and is not restricted by regulations regarding animal products such as bile. A new successful method of population control is by the injection of thiosulfate-citrate-bile salts-sucrose agar (TCBS). Only one injection is needed, leading to the organism's death in 24 hours from a contagious", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 31 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12450018", "chunk_text": "\"Acropora cerealis\"\nbut is likely to be threatened by the global reduction of coral reefs, the increase of temperature causing coral bleaching, climate change, human activity, the crown-of-thorns starfish (\"\"Acanthaster planci\"\") and disease. It occurs in the eastern and western Indian Ocean, Australia, and the eastern central, northwest, central-western and southwest Pacific Ocean; from the Gulf of Aden and Red Sea to the Hawaiian Islands and Johnson Atoll. It was described by Dana in 1846. Acropora cerealis Acropora cerealis is a species of acroporid coral found throughout the Indian and Pacific oceans, from the Red Sea and the Gulf of Aden to", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 32 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12507372", "chunk_text": "\"Montipora capitata\"\ntips of branches. The colour is normally pale brown with white verrucae. \"\"Montipora capitata\"\" is found in the tropical north and central Pacific Ocean at depths down to . It is common in the waters around Hawaii especially where the sea is turbulent. The crown-of-thorns starfish (Acanthaster planci), seems to preferentially feed on corals of the genus Montipora. It is a voracious predator and can have devastating effects on slow growing corals. Like other reef corals, \"\"Montipora capitata\"\" is threatened by habitat destruction. Rising sea temperatures can cause \"\"bleaching\"\" because the symbiotic zooxanthellae are expelled from the coral's tissues, leaving", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 33 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15343460", "chunk_text": "\"Crown-of-thorns starfish\"\ntestes are readily distinguished with the former being more yellow and having larger lobes. In section they are very different with the ovaries densely filled with nutrient-packed ova (see ovum and photograph) and the testes densely filled with sperm, which consist of little more than a nucleus and flagellum. Fecundity in female Crown-of-thorns starfish is related to size with large starfish committing proportionally more energy into ova production such that a: In coral reefs in the Philippines, female specimens were found with a gonadosomatic index (ratio of gonad mass to body mass) as high as 22%, which underlines the high", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 34 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15343468", "chunk_text": "\"Crown-of-thorns starfish\"\ncoralline algae (\"\"Porolithon onkodes\"\") on the windward reef front of Suva Reef (Fiji). The juveniles were found in a variety of habitats where they were highly concealed: under coral blocks and rubble in the boulder zone of the exposed reef front; on dead bases of \"\"Acropora\"\" species in more sheltered areas; in narrow spaces within the reef crest; and on the fore-reef slope to depths of 8 m. Growth rates on Suva Reef were found to be 2.6, 16.7 and 5.3 mm/month increase in diameter in the pre-coral feeding, early coral feeding and adult phases, respectively. This is in accord", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 35 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9330743", "chunk_text": "\"Acanthaster brevispinus\"\nmade with male and female F1 \"\"A. planci\"\" hybrids. Although high fertilization rates were achieved again, without evidence of gamete incompatibility, survival was poor through early development and some morphological abnormalities occurred that had not been seen previously in batches of juvenile starfish. Introgression of genetic material broke down at this stage. Acanthaster brevispinus Acanthaster brevispinus, the short-spined crown-of-thorns starfish, is one of the two members of the starfish genus \"\"Acanthaster\"\", along with the much better-known \"\"A. planci\"\", the common crown-of-thorns starfish. The body form of \"\"A. brevispinus\"\" is fundamentally the same as that of a typical starfish or seastar.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 36 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15343489", "chunk_text": "\"Crown-of-thorns starfish\"\nrecruitment on reefs downstream to which the larvae are carried and then settle. Population numbers for the crown-of-thorns have been increasing since the 1970s. However, historic records of distribution patterns and numbers are hard to come by, as SCUBA technology, necessary to conduct population censuses, had only been developed in the previous few decades. To prevent overpopulation of crown-of-thorns causing widespread destruction to coral reef habitats, humans have implemented a variety of control measures. Manual removals have been successful, but are relatively labour-intensive. Injecting sodium bisulphate into the starfish is the most efficient measure in practice. Sodium bisulphate is deadly", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 37 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13131776", "chunk_text": "\"Crown-of-thorns starfish\"\nthis symmetry. Adult crown-of-thorns starfish normally range in size from . They have up to 21 arms. Although the body of the crown of thorns has a stiff appearance, it is able to bend and twist to fit around the contours of the corals on which it feeds. The underside of each arm has a series of closely fitting plates which form a groove and extend in rows to the mouth. They are usually of subdued colours, pale brown to grey-green, but they may be garish with bright warning colours in some parts of their wide range. The long, sharp", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 38 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11452102", "chunk_text": "\"Acanthaster brevispinus\"\nAcanthaster brevispinus Acanthaster brevispinus, the short-spined crown-of-thorns starfish, is one of the two members of the starfish genus \"\"Acanthaster\"\", along with the much better-known \"\"A. planci\"\", the common crown-of-thorns starfish. The body form of \"\"A. brevispinus\"\" is fundamentally the same as that of a typical starfish or seastar. Like \"\"A. planci\"\", however, its distinctive traits include being disc-shaped, multiple-armed with multiple madreporites, flexible, prehensile, and densely spined, and having a large ratio of stomach surface to body mass. Its prehensile ability arises from the two rows of numerous tube feet that extend to the tip of each arm. In being", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 39 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13131787", "chunk_text": "\"Crown-of-thorns starfish\"\nhowever, problems with this proposal of cryptic speciation (cryptic species). The basis of these data from one mitochondrial gene. mtDNA data are, however, only one source of information about the status of taxa and the use of one mtDNA gene as a sole criterion for species identification is disputed. The allozyme data should also be taken into account. Three localities that were sampled by Vogler \"\"et al.\"\" are of particular interest: Palau Sebibu, UEA and Oman were found to have two clades/sibling species in sympatry. These are important to investigate the nature of the co-existence and barriers to introgression of", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 40 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15343459", "chunk_text": "\"Crown-of-thorns starfish\"\nof a proportion of individuals with regenerating arms. A variety of about 11 species have been reported to prey occasionally on uninjured and healthy adults of \"\"A. planci\"\". All of these are generalist feeders and none of these, however, seems to specifically prefer the starfish as a food source. This number, however, is probably lower, as some of these presumed predators have not been witnessed reliably in the field. Some of those witnessed are: Gonads increase in size as the animals become sexually mature and at maturity fill the arms and extend into the disk region. The ripe ovaries and", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 41 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13131778", "chunk_text": "\"Crown-of-thorns starfish\"\nwhen reimmersed, if they are still alive. The family Acanthasteridae is monogeneric; its position within the Asteroides is unsettled. It is generally recognised as a distinctly isolated taxon. Recently, Blake concluded from comparative morphology studies of \"\"Acanthaster planci\"\" that it has strong similarities with various members of the Oreasteridae. He transferred Acanthasteridae from the Spinulosida to the Valvatida and assigned it a position near to the Oreasteridae, from which it appears to be derived. He attributed \"\"Acanthaster\"\" morphology as possibly evolving in association with its locomotion over irregular coral surfaces in higher energy environments. There is a complication, however, in", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 42 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15343467", "chunk_text": "\"Crown-of-thorns starfish\"\nthere was a seasonal pattern of gametogenesis and spawning with water temperature being the only apparent cue in the indoor aquarium. Most specimens of \"\"A. planci\"\" died from 'senility' during the period 5-7.5 years, i.e. they fed poorly and shrank. The data above are derived from laboratory studies of \"\"A. planci\"\", which are much more readily obtained than equivalent data from the field. The laboratory observations, however, accord with the limited field observations of life-cycle. As in laboratory studies where \"\"A. planci\"\" larvae were found to select coralline algae for settlement, early juveniles (<20 mm diameter) were found on subtidal", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 43 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13131789", "chunk_text": "\"Crown-of-thorns starfish\"\nand at least 15 chemical studies have been conducted seeking to characterise these saponins. The saponins have detergent-like properties, and keeping starfish in limited water volumes with aeration results in large amounts of foam at the surface. \"\"A. planci\"\" has no mechanism for injecting the toxin, but as the spines perforate tissue of a predator or unwary person, tissue containing the saponins is lost into the wound. In humans, this immediately causes a sharp, stinging pain that can last for several hours, persistent bleeding due to the haemolytic effect of saponins, and nausea and tissue swelling that may persist for", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 44 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15343488", "chunk_text": "\"Crown-of-thorns starfish\"\nstarfish larvae in experimental studies gave support for a mechanism for starfish outbreaks: increased terrestrial runoff → increased nutrients denser phytoplankton↑→ better larval survival → increased starfish populations There have been further conformations of these connections, however research by Olson (1987), Kaufmann (2002), and Byrne (2016) suggests terrestrial runoff has little or no impact on larval survival. The conflicting data describing the negligible role of terrestrial agricultural runoff has been described as \"\"an inconvenient study\"\". There is also a flow-on effect in that where there are large starfish populations producing large numbers of larvae, there is likely to be heavy", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 45 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7086037", "chunk_text": "Starfish\nInvasive Species Specialist Group's list of the world's 100 worst invasive species. Starfish may be preyed on by conspecifics, other starfish species, tritons, crabs, fish, gulls and sea otters. Their first lines of defence are the saponins present in their body walls, which have unpleasant flavours. Some starfish such as \"\"Astropecten polyacanthus\"\" also include powerful toxins such as tetrodotoxin among their chemical armoury, and the slime star can ooze out large quantities of repellent mucus. They also have body armour in the form of hard plates and spines. The crown-of-thorns starfish is particularly unattractive to potential predators, being heavily defended", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 46 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20347344", "chunk_text": "\"Toxopneustes pileolus\"\ninternal organs of flower urchins. A follow-up study by Japanese researchers in 2001 confirmed that the viscera of flower urchins could indeed attract crown-of-thorns starfish in both aquarium and open sea experiments. The attractant compounds were isolated and identified as arachidonic acid and α-linolenic acid. The authors believe that this discovery may be used to augment population control measures of the crown-of-thorns starfish, which are highly destructive to coral reefs. Toxopneustes pileolus Toxopneustes pileolus, commonly known as the flower urchin, is a widespread and commonly encountered species of sea urchin from the Indo-West Pacific. It is considered highly dangerous, as", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 47 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15343487", "chunk_text": "\"Crown-of-thorns starfish\"\nis especially important. As autotrophs, phytoplankton abundance is strongly influenced by the concentration of inorganic nutrients, such as nitrogenous compounds. Birkeland had observed a correlation between the abundance of crown-of-thorns on reefs adjacent to land masses. These occurred on mainland islands as distinct from coral atolls about three years after heavy rainfall that followed a period of drought. He suggested that runoff from such heavy rainfall may stimulate phytoplankton blooms of sufficient size to produce enough food for the larvae of \"\"A. planci\"\" through input of nutrients. Combining Birkeland observations with the influence of inorganic nutrients on survival of the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 48 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9111084", "chunk_text": "\"Acropora acuminata\"\nactivity, aquarium-related harvesting, the crown-of-thorns starfish (\"\"Acanthaster planci\"\"), and disease. It is found in the Red Sea, southeast Asia, Australia, the northern Indian Ocean, Japan, the central Indo-Pacific, the East China Sea and the western Pacific Ocean. It was described by Verrill in 1864 as \"\"Madrepora acuminata\"\". Acropora acuminata Acropora acuminata is a species of acroporid coral found in Australia, the Red Sea, the central Indo-Pacific, Japan, the northern Indian Ocean, the East China Sea, southeast Asia, and the western Pacific Ocean. It is particularly susceptible to coral bleaching, the crown-of-thorns sea star (\"\"Acanthaster planci\"\"), and harvesting for the aquarium", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 49 } ]
test_3582	when does the movie the star come out?	n/a	[ "November 17, 2017" ]	[]	n/a	n/a	n/a	[]	[ { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2286172", "chunk_text": "\"The Star (2017 film)\"\navailable on her YouTube channel. \"\"The Star\"\" was released on digital on February 6, 2018, and on DVD and Blu-ray on February 20, 2018 by Sony Pictures Home Entertainment. \"\"The Star\"\" has grossed $40.9 million in the United States and Canada, and $22 million in other territories, for a worldwide total of $62.8 million, against a production budget of $20 million. In the United States and Canada, \"\"The Star\"\" was released alongside \"\"Justice League\"\" and \"\"Wonder\"\", and was projected to gross around $10 million from 2,800 theaters in its opening weekend. The film made $2.8 million on its first day.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 0 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2286171", "chunk_text": "\"The Star (2017 film)\"\nDecker, Jake Owen, Kelsea Ballerini, Zara Larsson, Casting Crowns, Kirk Franklin, Fifth Harmony, Yolanda Adams, Saving Forever and Mariah Carey. Pentatonix also contributes a bonus track to the digital release of the album. In July 2016, the release date was set for November 10, 2017, but it was later pushed back to November 17, 2017. \"\"The Star\"\" had its world premiere in Los Angeles at the Regency Village Theater on November 12, 2017. The first trailer was released on July 26, 2017. On November 16, 2017, the official video for the song \"\"The Star\"\", performed by Mariah Carey, was made", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 1 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2286170", "chunk_text": "\"The Star (2017 film)\"\nas he felt that there was a lack of Christmas films centering on the Nativity of Jesus: \"\"It felt like an opportunity to be part of a movie that has not been done before, that's really going to fill a void.\"\" The animation was produced by Cinesite Studios. Animation work began on January 2017. On January 5, 2017, it was reported that Oprah Winfrey and Tyler Perry would be in the film. The rest of the cast was announced on January 19, 2017. \"\"The Star (Original Motion Picture Soundtrack)\"\" was released on October 27, 2017, including contributions from Jessie James", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 2 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2286160", "chunk_text": "\"The Star (2017 film)\"\nThe Star (2017 film) The Star is a 2017 American computer-animated Christian comedy film directed by Timothy Reckart. Based on the Nativity of Jesus, an original idea by Tom Sheridan, the screenplay was written by Carlos Kotkin and Simon Moore. It is produced by Sony Pictures Animation, with partnership from Walden Media, Affirm Films and The Jim Henson Company. It stars the voices of Steven Yeun, Gina Rodriguez, Zachary Levi, Keegan-Michael Key, Kelly Clarkson, Patricia Heaton, Kristin Chenoweth, Tracy Morgan, Tyler Perry, and Oprah Winfrey. The film was released by Columbia Pictures through its parental label Sony Pictures Entertainment on", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 3 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2286161", "chunk_text": "\"The Star (2017 film)\"\nNovember 17, 2017 in the United States. The film received mixed reviews and grossed over $62 million worldwide. The film received a nomination for Best Original Song (\"\"The Star\"\") at the 75th Golden Globe Awards. In \"\"9 months B.C.\"\", Mary is visited by an angel telling her she will bear the Messiah. A pygmy jerboa named Abby overhears and tells the other animals as a star begins glowing brightly in the night. Six months later, a young donkey is tired of milling wheat and wishes to join a traveling caravan so that he may feel important. An older donkey helps", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 4 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2286169", "chunk_text": "\"The Star (2017 film)\"\n2015, \"\"Variety\"\" reported that Timothy Reckart would direct the film in his directing debut. On August 5, 2015, it was announced that the film, then titled \"\"The Lamb\"\", was given an official release date of December 8, 2017. On June 20, 2016, it was announced that Brian Henson and Lisa Henson from The Jim Henson Company would be executive producers for the film, now titled \"\"The Star\"\", making it the first Henson-produced film for Sony since \"\"The Adventures of Elmo in Grouchland\"\" in 1999. In an interview with Animation Magazine, Reckart expressed that he felt encouraged to direct the film,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 5 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11996221", "chunk_text": "\"The Star (Mariah Carey song)\"\nThe Star (Mariah Carey song) \"\"The Star\"\" is a song performed by American singer-songwriter Mariah Carey. It was released on October 19, 2017, as the first release from the soundtrack of the film of the same name. The song was nominated for the Best Original Song at the 75th Golden Globe Awards. The song is performed in the key of B major with a tempo of 118 beats per minute. The first half of the final chorus is in the key of D major with the last half and outro of the song set in E major. Carey's vocals span", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 6 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11996222", "chunk_text": "\"The Star (Mariah Carey song)\"\nfrom F to D. The music video for the song was released on November 16, 2017. It features scenes of Carey in a white gown interlaced with clips from the film. Carey's twins, Moroccan and Monroe Cannon, are present at the end of the video singing the hook, \"\"Follow your heart; it's Christmas.\"\" The Star (Mariah Carey song) \"\"The Star\"\" is a song performed by American singer-songwriter Mariah Carey. It was released on October 19, 2017, as the first release from the soundtrack of the film of the same name. The song was nominated for the Best Original Song at", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 7 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5919534", "chunk_text": "\"A Star Is Born (2018 film)\"\ntheatrically released in the United States on October 5, 2018, by Warner Bros. The film has grossed over $376 million worldwide and received critical acclaim, with praise for Cooper, Gaga and Elliott's performances and Cooper's direction, as well as the screenplay, cinematography and music. It was chosen by both the National Board of Review and American Film Institute as one of the Top 10 Films of 2018, and received five nominations at the 76th Golden Globe Awards, including Best Motion Picture – Drama. Jackson Maine, a famous country music singer privately battling an alcohol and drug addiction, plays a concert", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 8 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5919545", "chunk_text": "\"A Star Is Born (2018 film)\"\non a journey that mirrors the experience of seeing the film.\"\" \"\"A Star Is Born\"\" had its world premiere at the Venice Film Festival on August 31, 2018. It also screened at the Toronto International Film Festival, the San Sebastián International Film Festival, and the Zurich Film Festival in September 2018. The film was theatrically released in the United States on October 5, 2018, distributed by Warner Bros. Pictures, after initially having been set for September 28, 2018, and May 18, 2018, releases. From December 7, 2018, the film had a limited release in IMAX theaters across United States and", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 9 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15534701", "chunk_text": "\"The Last Movie Star\"\nThe Last Movie Star The Last Movie Star is a 2017 American drama film written and directed by Adam Rifkin. The film stars Burt Reynolds, Ariel Winter, Clark Duke, Ellar Coltrane and Chevy Chase. The film had its world premiere at the Tribeca Film Festival on April 22, 2017. It was released through DirecTV Cinema on February 22, 2018, before being released in a limited release and through video on demand on March 30, 2018, by A24. An aging movie star is invited to a small, local film festival in Nashville. He attends and goes on a journey throughout his", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 10 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2286174", "chunk_text": "\"The Star (2017 film)\"\npolled by CinemaScore gave the film an average grade of \"\"A\"\" on an A+ to F scale. \"\"The A.V. Club\"\"s Ignatiy Vishnevetsky criticized \"\"The Star\"\" as a \"\"rote cartoon feature\"\" existing for purely commercial reasons: \"\"...even the kid-friendliest, Sunday-school-iest kind of religious art can't spring from religion alone; it needs artistry, too. Otherwise, you end up with a generic product aimed at a market segment who'll buy anything as long as it seems sufficiently churchy.\"\" The Star (2017 film) The Star is a 2017 American computer-animated Christian comedy film directed by Timothy Reckart. Based on the Nativity of Jesus, an", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 11 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2286168", "chunk_text": "\"The Star (2017 film)\"\nDuring the credits, it is shown in pictures that Joseph buys Bo from the miller, and both Bo and Dave help him and Mary raise Jesus. Innkeeper voices provided by Gregg Berger, Roger Craig Smith, Melissa Sturm, Fred Tatasciore, and Joe Whyte. The film's script was originally developed during the late 1990s by the Jim Henson Company, partially inspired by the success of the 1995 film \"\"Babe\"\". In September 2014, it was reported that DeVon Franklin would produce a faith-based film inspired by the Nativity story under his production company, Franklin Entertainment, in collaboration with Sony Pictures Animation. In April", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 12 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15534702", "chunk_text": "\"The Last Movie Star\"\npast as he faces the fact that his glory days are behind him. Principal photography began on May 9, 2016. Most of the film was shot in Knoxville, Tennessee. The film premiered at the Tribeca Film Festival on April 22, 2017. On June 14, 2017, A24 and DirecTV Cinema acquired distribution rights to the film. Shortly thereafter, the film's title was changed from the working title \"\"Dog Years\"\", in a mutual decision between the filmmakers and A24 (who made the suggestion). It was released on February 22, 2018, through DirecTV Cinema before being released in a limited release and through", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 13 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5919533", "chunk_text": "\"A Star Is Born (2018 film)\"\nfilm. Talks of a remake of \"\"A Star Is Born\"\" began in 2011, with Clint Eastwood attached to direct and Beyoncé set to star. The film was in development hell for several years with various actors approached to co-star, including Christian Bale, Leonardo DiCaprio, Will Smith, and Tom Cruise. In March 2016, Cooper signed on to star and direct, and Lady Gaga joined the cast in August 2016. Principal photography began at the Coachella Valley Music and Arts Festival in April 2017. \"\"A Star Is Born\"\" premiered at the 75th Venice International Film Festival on August 31, 2018, and was", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 14 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14527537", "chunk_text": "\"Lady Gaga\"\nperform at a cancer research fundraiser; a fan of Cooper's work, Gaga agreed to the project due to its portrayal of addiction and depression. \"\"A Star Is Born\"\" premiered at the 75th Venice International Film Festival in August 2018, and was released worldwide in October. Peter Bradshaw of \"\"The Guardian\"\" described it as \"\"outrageously watchable\"\" and wrote that \"\"Gaga's ability to be part ordinary person, part extraterrestrial celebrity empress functions at the highest level\"\". \"\"Time\"\" Stephanie Zacharek similarly highlighted her \"\"knockout performance\"\" and found her \"\"charismatic\"\" without her usual makeup, wigs and costumes. Gaga and Cooper co-wrote and produced most", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 15 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20080071", "chunk_text": "\"DeVon Franklin\"\nChoice . Franklin is also exec-producing the animated film \"\"The Star\"\", for Sony Pictures Animation. \"\"The Star\"\" is directed by Oscar nominee Timothy Reckart. This faith-based film inspired by the Nativity Story focuses on a donkey and his friends on an adventure as they follow The Star and become accidental heroes. \"\"The Star\"\" is set to be released November 2017 and will feature the voice of Kelly Clarkson as Leah the Horse, Oprah Winfrey as Deborah, Tyler Perry as Cyrus, Steven Yeun as Bo the donkey, Aidy Bryant as Ruth the sheep, Keegan-Michael Key, Kristen Chenoweth, Anthony Anderson, Gabriel Iglesias,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 16 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20670492", "chunk_text": "\"The Hero (2017 film)\"\nThe Hero (2017 film) The Hero is a 2017 American comedy-drama film directed and edited by Brett Haley and written by Haley and Marc Basch. It stars Sam Elliott, Laura Prepon, Krysten Ritter, Nick Offerman and Katharine Ross and follows an aging movie star who deals with his terminal illness. The film premiered at the Sundance Film Festival on January 21, 2017 and was released on June 9, 2017, by The Orchard. Lee Hayden (Sam Elliott) is an aging Western icon with a golden voice, but his best performances are decades behind him. He spends his days reliving old glories", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 17 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20670495", "chunk_text": "\"The Hero (2017 film)\"\na score of 61 out of 100, based on 28 critics, indicating \"\"generally favorable reviews\"\". The Hero (2017 film) The Hero is a 2017 American comedy-drama film directed and edited by Brett Haley and written by Haley and Marc Basch. It stars Sam Elliott, Laura Prepon, Krysten Ritter, Nick Offerman and Katharine Ross and follows an aging movie star who deals with his terminal illness. The film premiered at the Sundance Film Festival on January 21, 2017 and was released on June 9, 2017, by The Orchard. Lee Hayden (Sam Elliott) is an aging Western icon with a golden voice,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 18 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2286173", "chunk_text": "\"The Star (2017 film)\"\nIt ended up grossing $9.8 million in its opening weekend, finishing 6th at the box office. On review aggregation website Rotten Tomatoes, the film has an average rating of 44% based on 48 reviews, with an average rating of 5/10. The site's critical consensus reads, \"\"\"\"The Star\"\" may not leave audiences singing 'Hallelujah', but its offbeat yet sincere approach to the nativity story makes for acceptably diverting holiday viewing.\"\" On Metacritic, which assigns a normalized rating to reviews, the film has a weighted average score of 42 out of 100, based on 12 critics, indicating \"\"mixed or average reviews\"\". Audiences", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 19 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "282870", "chunk_text": "\"Kelly Clarkson\"\npop music. She had also announced plans to release a full version of \"\"A Minute\"\" in the future. Clarkson lent her voice in the computer-animated film, \"\"The Star\"\" alongside Oprah Winfrey, Steven Yeun, Tyler Perry and others, which is based on the Nativity of Jesus. Developed by Sony Pictures Animation, the film was released on November 17, 2017. This was the first film in which Clarkson performed a voice role. Clarkson also had a guest voice role in the Netflix animated series \"\"\"\", portraying herself in the series' 2017 animated Christmas special, \"\"Home for the Holidays\"\", alongside Ben Schwartz. In", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 20 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16313818", "chunk_text": "\"A Star Is Born (1954 film)\"\nStar is Born\"\", Garland was nominated for the Academy Award for Best Actress. NBC, which was televising the ceremony, sent a film crew to the hospital room where she was recuperating after giving birth to her son Joey in order to carry her acceptance speech live if she won, but she lost to Grace Kelly for \"\"The Country Girl\"\". It is the first of three official remakes of \"\"A Star Is Born\"\", with the second released in 1976 starring Barbra Streisand and Kris Kristofferson. The third remake was released on October 5, 2018, starring Lady Gaga and Bradley Cooper. Esther", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 21 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2322097", "chunk_text": "\"Tyler Perry\"\n20, 2015. In 2016, Perry played scientist Baxter Stockman in \"\"\"\". In mid January 2016, Perry started filming his seventeenth film, and ninth within the Madea franchise, \"\"Boo! A Madea Halloween\"\". The film was released on October 21, 2016. A sequel, \"\"Boo 2! A Madea Halloween\"\", was released in October 2017. Perry, alongside Oprah Winfrey, lent his voice in his first computer-animated film, called \"\"The Star\"\", which is based on the Nativity of Jesus. Developed by Sony Pictures Animation, the film was released on November 17, 2017. Perry's films are co-produced and distributed by Lions Gate Entertainment; he retains full", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 22 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20670494", "chunk_text": "\"The Hero (2017 film)\"\nlasted 18 days. The film had its world premiere at the Sundance Film Festival on January 21, 2017. Shortly after, The Orchard acquired distribution rights to the film. It was released on June 9, 2017. On review aggregator Rotten Tomatoes, the film has an approval rating of 78% based on 106 reviews, with an average rating of 6.4/10. The site's critical consensus reads, \"\"\"\"The Hero\"\" rests on Sam Elliott's understated performance, which proves more than capable of carrying the film through the less inspired moments of its somewhat clichéd story.\"\" On Metacritic, which uses a weighted average, the film has", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 23 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15534703", "chunk_text": "\"The Last Movie Star\"\nvideo on demand on March 30, 2018. On review aggregator website Rotten Tomatoes, the film holds an approval rating of 48% based on 21 reviews, with an average rating of 6/10. The film, as \"\"Dog Years\"\", received the \"\"Chairman's Award\"\" at the 2017 San Diego International Film Festival. The Last Movie Star The Last Movie Star is a 2017 American drama film written and directed by Adam Rifkin. The film stars Burt Reynolds, Ariel Winter, Clark Duke, Ellar Coltrane and Chevy Chase. The film had its world premiere at the Tribeca Film Festival on April 22, 2017. It was released", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 24 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5919544", "chunk_text": "\"A Star Is Born (2018 film)\"\nTrip festival, Cooper approached Lukas Nelson (son of country music singer Willie Nelson) and asked him to help work on the film. Nelson agreed and wrote several songs, which he sent to the producers. Nelson subsequently met Lady Gaga and began writing songs with her and she, in turn, provided backing vocals on two tracks on his self-titled 2017 album. The soundtrack, performed by Gaga and Cooper, was released on October 5, 2018, by Interscope Records. The studio announced that the album \"\"features 19 songs in a wide range of musical styles + 15 dialogue tracks that will take you", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 25 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9094766", "chunk_text": "\"Star (TV series)\"\ntrans major character in a scripted television drama series in America, after Laverne Cox on \"\"Orange is the New Black\"\" and Jamie Clayton on \"\"Sense8\"\". On February 22, 2017, Fox renewed the series for a second season, which premiered on September 27, 2017 and crossed over with other Fox series \"\"Empire\"\". On May 10, 2018, Fox renewed the series for a third season. Season 3 premiered on September 26, 2018 and airs on Fox Wednesdays at 9:00 PM. Internationally, new episodes premiere on Netflix in Canada the following Thursday. Star Davis, a teenage orphan, leaves foster care to save her", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 26 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20515188", "chunk_text": "\"The Sun Is Also a Star\"\nThe Sun Is Also a Star The Sun Is Also a Star is an upcoming American drama film directed by Ry Russo-Young. The film is based on the young adult novel of the same name written by Nicola Yoon, and stars Yara Shahidi and Charles Melton. It is scheduled to be released May 17, 2019. In June 2018, Camrus Johnson was cast to play Omar in the film. Filming began on June 19, 2018. On June 29, 2018, Miriam A. Hyman joined the cast, as Natasha's mother Mrs. Kingsley, a hard-working native Jamaican waitress who is resigned to her family's", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 27 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2340158", "chunk_text": "\"The Fault in Our Stars\"\nthe United States. It was positively received by critics, with praise going to Woodley's performance as well as the entire film. The film also proved to be commercially successful, retaining the No. 1 spot at the box-office during its opening weekend, and grossed over $307 million worldwide against its budget of $12 million. It was released on Blu-Ray and DVD on September 16, 2014. On August 6, 2014, India's Fox Star Studios announced it would adapt the novel into an Indian movie. On March 2018, it was announced the film would mark the directorial debut of casting director Mukesh Chhabra.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 28 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19723944", "chunk_text": "\"Film Stars Don't Die in Liverpool\"\nspecifically for the film. In August 2017, Sony Pictures Classics acquired U.S. distribution rights to the film. The film had its world premiere at the Telluride Film Festival on 1 September 2017. It also screened at the Toronto International Film Festival on 9 September 2017. The film was released in the United Kingdom on 16 November 2017 by Lionsgate. and in the United States on 29 December 2017. On review aggregator website Rotten Tomatoes, the film holds an approval rating of 80% based on 146 reviews, with an average rating of 6.7/10. The website's critical consensus reads, \"\"\"\"Film Stars Dont", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 29 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20515189", "chunk_text": "\"The Sun Is Also a Star\"\nimminent deportation. In July 2018, Cathy Shim was cast to play Min Soo Bae, a Korean immigrant in the film. The Sun Is Also a Star The Sun Is Also a Star is an upcoming American drama film directed by Ry Russo-Young. The film is based on the young adult novel of the same name written by Nicola Yoon, and stars Yara Shahidi and Charles Melton. It is scheduled to be released May 17, 2019. In June 2018, Camrus Johnson was cast to play Omar in the film. Filming began on June 19, 2018. On June 29, 2018, Miriam A.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 30 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18496426", "chunk_text": "\"A Star Is Born (2018 soundtrack)\"\nsix in the New Zealand Albums Chart, and after two weeks reached the top. It has since held the top spot in both countries for eight weeks in a row as well as being certified platinum. Notes Personnel adapted from \"\"A Star Is Born\"\" soundtrack liner notes and AllMusic. A Star Is Born (2018 soundtrack) A Star Is Born is the soundtrack album to the 2018 musical film of the same name, performed by its stars Lady Gaga and Bradley Cooper. It was released on October 5, 2018, by Interscope Records. Gaga and Cooper collaborated on the soundtrack album with", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 31 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7335215", "chunk_text": "\"The Post (film)\"\ndocuments regarding the 30-year involvement of the United States government in the Vietnam War. Principal photography began in New York City in May 2017. The film premiered at the Newseum in Washington, D.C. on December 14, 2017, and went into limited release in the United States on December 22, 2017. It entered wide release on January 12, 2018, and grossed $179 million worldwide. The film received positive reviews; critics praised the performances (particularly those of Streep, Hanks, and Odenkirk) and described the references and allusions to the presidencies of Richard Nixon and Donald Trump. \"\"The Post\"\" was chosen by the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 32 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7615664", "chunk_text": "\"The King (2017 American film)\"\nscore of 70 out of 100, based on 27 critics, indicating \"\"generally favorable reviews\"\". The King (2017 American film) The King is a 2017 American documentary film about Elvis Presley and America during his career. Eugene Jarecki directs and also co-wrote the script with Christopher St. John, who produces. The film had its North American premiere at the 2018 Sundance Film Festival, after its international premiere at the 2017 Cannes Film Festival. It was released in the United States on June 22, 2018. The film follows filmmaker Eugene Jarecki as he travels in a 1963 Rolls Royce Silver Cloud once", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 33 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20940676", "chunk_text": "\"To the Stars (film)\"\nMann, Laura D. Smith, Carlos Cuscò, Emerson Machtus, Kerri Elder and Black Elder will serve as producers and executive producers, respectively, under their Northern Lights Films, Foton Pictures and Rockhill Media banners, respectively. Principal photography concluded in June 2018, in Oklahoma. It will have its world premiere at the Sundance Film Festival on January 25, 2019. To the Stars (film) To the Stars is an upcoming American drama film, directed by Martha Stephens, from a screenplay by Shannon Bradley-Colleary. It stars Kara Hayward, Liana Liberato, Malin Åkerman, Shea Whigham, Tony Hale, Lucas Jade Zumann, Adelaide Clemens and Jordana Spiro. It", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 34 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18521923", "chunk_text": "\"To the Stars (film)\"\nTo the Stars (film) To the Stars is an upcoming American drama film, directed by Martha Stephens, from a screenplay by Shannon Bradley-Colleary. It stars Kara Hayward, Liana Liberato, Malin Åkerman, Shea Whigham, Tony Hale, Lucas Jade Zumann, Adelaide Clemens and Jordana Spiro. It will have its world premiere at the Sundance Film Festival on January 25, 2019. In June 2018, it was announced Kara Hayward, Liana Liberato, Malin Åkerman, Shea Whigham, Tony Hale, Lucas Jade Zumann, Adelaide Clemens and Jordana Spiro had joined the cast of the film, with Martha Stephens, directing from a screenplay by Shannon Bradley-Colleary. Kristin", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 35 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5919532", "chunk_text": "\"A Star Is Born (2018 film)\"\nA Star Is Born (2018 film) A Star Is Born is a 2018 American musical romantic drama film produced and directed by Bradley Cooper (in his directorial debut) and written by Eric Roth, Cooper and Will Fetters. A remake of the 1937 film of the same name, it stars Cooper, Lady Gaga, Andrew Dice Clay, Dave Chappelle, and Sam Elliott, and follows a hard-drinking musician (Cooper) who discovers and falls in love with a young singer (Gaga). It marks the fourth remake of the original 1937 film, after the 1954 musical, the 1976 rock musical and the 2013 Bollywood romance", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 36 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9094765", "chunk_text": "\"Star (TV series)\"\nStar (TV series) Star is an American musical drama television series created by Lee Daniels and Tom Donaghy for Fox. It revolves around three talented young singers who navigate the music business on their road to success starring Jude Demorest, Brittany O'Grady and Ryan Destiny. The series, which is set in Atlanta, consists of original music, along with musical fantasy sequences, as dreams of the future. Queen Latifah, Benjamin Bratt, Amiyah Scott and Quincy Brown co-star. The series premiered on December 14, 2016. With the premiere of the series, Amiyah Scott became the third openly transgender person to play a", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 37 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5953560", "chunk_text": "\"The House (2017 film)\"\nfilm began on September 14, 2015, in Los Angeles. Treasury Secretary Steven Mnuchin is credited as executive producer. \"\"The House\"\" was released on June 30, 2017, by Warner Bros. The original date was June 2, 2017. \"\"The House\"\" grossed $25.6 million in the United States and Canada, and $8.6 million in other territories, for a worldwide total of $34.2 million, against a production budget of $40 million. In North America, \"\"The House\"\" opened alongside \"\"Despicable Me 3\"\" and \"\"Baby Driver\"\", as well as the wide expansion of \"\"The Beguiled\"\", and was projected to gross $10–14 million from 3,134 theaters in", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 38 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15838611", "chunk_text": "\"The Star (2002 film)\"\nThe Star (2002 film) The Star (, translit. \"\"Zvezda\"\") is a 2002 Russian film directed by Nikolai Lebedev, a large modern project of Mosfilm. It is based on a short story of the same name by Emmanuil Kazakevich, about a group of Soviet scouts working behind enemy lines during Operation Bagration in World War II. The story had previously been made into a 1953 film of the same name. Aleksei Kravchenko won a government award for his role in this film. A team of Soviet scouts is sent behind enemy lines to find the location of the German armor forces.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 39 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9094771", "chunk_text": "\"Star (TV series)\"\njoined the cast as Jahil, a talent manager. On December 14, 2015, Darius McCrary joined the series as the abusive foster father of Simone (O’Grady). Production for the pilot began in December 2015. The series was picked up, with a 12-episode order, on April 27, 2016. On October 9, 2017, FOX ordered an additional five episodes for the second season, bringing the season total to 18 episodes. On September 11, 2018, it was announced that Terrence J and Lyndie Greenwood are set to recur in season 3. On May 4, 2016, it was announced that Charles Murray would serve as", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 40 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20907426", "chunk_text": "\"A Star Is Born (2018 soundtrack)\"\nA Star Is Born (2018 soundtrack) A Star Is Born is the soundtrack album to the 2018 musical film of the same name, performed by its stars Lady Gaga and Bradley Cooper. It was released on October 5, 2018, by Interscope Records. Gaga and Cooper collaborated on the soundtrack album with an assortment of country musicians, including Lukas Nelson, who also stars in the film as a member of Cooper's band. For the more pop-oriented songs on the soundtrack, Gaga teamed up with recurring collaborator DJ White Shadow. The soundtrack also includes contributions from Jason Isbell, Mark Ronson, Diane Warren,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 41 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18500988", "chunk_text": "\"The Oath (2018 film)\"\nand 24/34 Pictures banners, respectively. In December 2017, Tiffany Haddish, John Cho, Carrie Brownstein, Billy Magnussen, Meredith Hagner, Jon Barinholtz, Nora Dunn and Chris Ellis joined the cast of the film. Haddish will also serve as an executive producer. Principal photography began in December 2017. In June 2018, Roadside Attractions and Topic Studios acquired distribution rights to the film. It had its world premiere at the Los Angeles Film Festival on September 25, 2018. The film was released on October 12, 2018. On review aggregator Rotten Tomatoes, the film holds an approval rating of 60% based on 78 reviews, with", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 42 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2286162", "chunk_text": "\"The Star (2017 film)\"\nhim escape the miller who owns them and he ends up with an injured ankle at the house of Joseph and Mary who just celebrated their wedding. Mary takes the donkey in and names him Boaz, or Bo, and reveals to Joseph that she is pregnant, with Joseph accepting Mary's situation after praying to God. During this time, Bo and his dove friend Dave, plot to escape despite Mary's kindness, but end up staying three more months. Meanwhile, the three wise men and their camels, Felix, Cyrus and Deborah, arrive at the home of King Herod. The wise men reveal", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 43 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7615662", "chunk_text": "\"The King (2017 American film)\"\nThe King (2017 American film) The King is a 2017 American documentary film about Elvis Presley and America during his career. Eugene Jarecki directs and also co-wrote the script with Christopher St. John, who produces. The film had its North American premiere at the 2018 Sundance Film Festival, after its international premiere at the 2017 Cannes Film Festival. It was released in the United States on June 22, 2018. The film follows filmmaker Eugene Jarecki as he travels in a 1963 Rolls Royce Silver Cloud once owned by Elvis Presley to various cities across America, including Tupelo, Memphis, New York", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 44 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8252211", "chunk_text": "\"The Rider (film)\"\nThe Rider (film) The Rider is a 2017 American contemporary western drama film written, produced and directed by Chloé Zhao. The film stars Brady Jandreau, Lilly Jandreau, Tim Jandreau, Lane Scott, and Cat Clifford and was shot in the badlands of South Dakota. It premiered in the Directors' Fortnight section at the Cannes Film Festival on May 20, 2017, where it won the Art Cinema Award. It was released in theaters in the United States on April 13, 2018. Brady lives in poverty with his father Wayne and his younger sister Lilly, who has autism. Once a rising star in", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 45 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13340842", "chunk_text": "\"Stargirl (novel)\"\nadapted and directed by John Maclay, and the cast were mainly teenagers. The play met with positive reviews from critics and audience. A film adaptation directed by Julia Hart is being produced for the then-unnamed streaming service Disney+. The film was written by Kristin Hahn and will star Grace VanderWaal in the title role. Filming began on September 24, 2018 in New Mexico and wrapped November 16, 2018. In 2004 students from Kent, Ohio founded a Stargirl Society, which aimed to promote the nonconformist message of the novel. The society received much attention, and inspired young people all over the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 46 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "738325", "chunk_text": "\"The Upside\"\n2017, Nicole Kidman and Genevieve Angelson joined the cast of the film. In February 2017, Aja Naomi King and Julianna Margulies joined the cast. On August 2, 2017, the film's title was changed to \"\"The Upside\"\". Principal photography began on January 27, 2017 in Philadelphia. An official photo was released on January 30, 2017 of Hart's character via his Instagram account. The film had its world premiere at the Toronto International Film Festival on September 9, 2017. It was initially scheduled to be released in the United States on March 9, 2018. However in January 2018, following the Harvey Weinstein", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 47 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1470170", "chunk_text": "\"The Shack (2017 film)\"\ndigitally on January 27, 2017 as the soundtrack's first promotional single. This release was followed by Dan + Shay's promotional track, \"\"When I Pray for You\"\", on February 3, 2017. Christian rock band Skillet released an acoustic version of \"\"Stars\"\" from their album, \"\"Unleashed\"\", in a music video for the film. \"\"The Shack\"\" grossed $57.4 million in the United States and Canada and $39.6 million in other territories for a worldwide gross of $96.9 million. In North America, \"\"The Shack\"\" opened on March 3, 2017, alongside \"\"Before I Fall\"\" and \"\"Logan\"\", and was projected to gross around $10 million from", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 48 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13576207", "chunk_text": "\"The Star (1952 film)\"\nThe Star (1952 film) The Star is a 1952 American drama film directed by Stuart Heisler and starring Bette Davis. The plot tells the story of an aging, washed up actress who is desperate to restart her career. Even though the film was a critical and commercial failure, Bette Davis received an Academy Award nomination for Best Actress. Academy Award-winning star Margaret \"\"Maggie\"\" Elliot (Bette Davis) is a bankrupt actress of a certain age struggling to accept her new non-wealthy reality. She is in denial, and confident she can somehow build herself up again and re-launch her career to its", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 49 } ]
test_3583	who did bette midler portray in the rose?	n/a	[ "Mary Rose Foster" ]	[]	n/a	n/a	n/a	[]	[ { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "610279", "chunk_text": "\"The Rose (film)\"\nwritten by Bill Kerby and Bo Goldman from a story by Bill Kerby, and directed by Mark Rydell. \"\"The Rose\"\" was nominated for four Academy Awards including Best Actress in a Leading Role (Bette Midler, in her screen debut), Best Actor in a Supporting Role (Frederic Forrest), Best Film Editing and Best Sound. Midler performed the soundtrack album for the film, and the title track became one of her biggest hit singles. In late 1969, Mary Rose Foster (Bette Midler) is a famous rock and roll diva known as The Rose. Although a success, she is burnt out and lonely", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 0 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "610278", "chunk_text": "\"The Rose (film)\"\nThe Rose (film) The Rose is a 1979 American drama film which tells the story of a self-destructive 1960s rock star who struggles to cope with the constant pressures of her career and the demands of her ruthless business manager. The film stars Bette Midler, Alan Bates, Frederic Forrest, Harry Dean Stanton, Barry Primus, and David Keith. The story is loosely based on the life of singer Janis Joplin. Originally titled \"\"Pearl\"\", after Joplin's nickname, and the title of her last album, it was fictionalized after her family declined to allow the producers the rights to her story. It was", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 1 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "610284", "chunk_text": "\"The Rose (film)\"\nNorth American rentals of $19.1 million. The film is recognized by American Film Institute in these lists: The Criterion Collection released the film on Blu-ray and DVD on May 19, 2015. The Rose (film) The Rose is a 1979 American drama film which tells the story of a self-destructive 1960s rock star who struggles to cope with the constant pressures of her career and the demands of her ruthless business manager. The film stars Bette Midler, Alan Bates, Frederic Forrest, Harry Dean Stanton, Barry Primus, and David Keith. The story is loosely based on the life of singer Janis Joplin.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 2 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6564634", "chunk_text": "\"The Rose (soundtrack)\"\nThe Rose (soundtrack) The Rose is the soundtrack to the feature film of the same name starring Bette Midler which was released in 1979. Midler performs all the songs on the album, with the exception of the instrumental \"\"Camellia\"\". Apart from the title track, the soundtrack was entirely recorded live and also features concert monologues, with Midler portraying the character The Rose, loosely based on blues singer Janis Joplin. The soundtrack was produced by Paul A. Rothchild, who in fact also had worked with Joplin on what was to become her final album before her death in 1970, entitled \"\"Pearl\"\"", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 3 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13706247", "chunk_text": "\"Bette Midler\"\ncritics. Midler fared somewhat better with her other 1991 project \"\"For the Boys\"\", on which she reteamed with \"\"The Rose\"\" director Mark Rydell. A historical musical drama, it tells the story of 1940s actress and singer Dixie Leonard, played by Midler, who teams up with Eddie Sparks, a famous performer to entertain American troops. While the film received a mixed reception from critics, Midler earned rave review for her portrayal. The following year she was awarded her second Golden Globe and received her second Academy Award nomination for Best Actress. Midler turned down the lead role in the musical comedy", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 4 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4131018", "chunk_text": "\"The Rose (song)\"\nThe Rose (song) \"\"The Rose\"\" is a classic pop song written by Amanda McBroom and made famous by Bette Midler who recorded it for the soundtrack of the 1979 film \"\"The Rose\"\" in which it plays during the closing credits. \"\"The Rose\"\" was first recorded by Bette Midler for the soundtrack of the 1979 film \"\"The Rose\"\" in which it plays under the closing credits. However the song was not written for the movie: Amanda McBroom recalls, \"\"I wrote it in 1977 [or] 1978, and I sang it occasionally in clubs. ... Jim Nabors had a local talk show, and", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 5 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5255594", "chunk_text": "\"Bette (TV series)\"\nshort run. Guest stars included Danny DeVito, George Segal, Brenda Song, Sharon Lawrence, Tim Curry, David James Elliott, Oprah Winfrey, Ashley Tisdale, Tony Danza, Dolly Parton, Olivia Newton-John, Jon Lovitz, and the ladies from rival network ABC's \"\"The View\"\" all as themselves. When \"\"Bette\"\" went into production, Lindsay Lohan was the original choice to play Rose. After the completion of the pilot episode, Midler decided that the series would shoot in Los Angeles, instead of New York City, where the pilot was filmed. Lohan did not want to continually commute from her family's current residence in New York City, as", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 6 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12400418", "chunk_text": "\"Bette Midler\"\ncharts, including her renditions of \"\"The Rose\"\", \"\"Wind Beneath My Wings\"\", \"\"Do You Want to Dance\"\", \"\"Boogie Woogie Bugle Boy\"\", and \"\"From a Distance\"\". In 2008, she signed a contract with Caesars Palace in Las Vegas to perform a show titled \"\"Bette Midler: The Showgirl Must Go On\"\", which ended in 2010. Midler made her motion picture debut in 1979 with \"\"The Rose\"\", which earned her a Golden Globe for Best Actress, as well as a nomination for the Academy Award for Best Actress. She has since starred in a number of hit films, which include: \"\"Down and Out in", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 7 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "610280", "chunk_text": "\"The Rose (film)\"\nbut is kept working by her gruff, greedy manager and promoter Rudge Campbell (Alan Bates). Though loud and brassy, Rose is an insecure alcoholic and former drug user who seems to crave approval in her life. As such, she is determined to return to her hometown, now as a superstar. After being humiliated by a country singing star named Billy Ray (Harry Dean Stanton) whose songs she performs in her show, Rose takes off with a limousine driver named Huston Dyer (Frederic Forrest) and begins a romance with him. Rudge thinks Huston is just another hanger on, but Rose thinks", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 8 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17068612", "chunk_text": "\"Amanda McBroom\"\nGang\"\", \"\"Challenge of the GoBots\"\", \"\"The Smurfs\"\", \"\"Super Friends\"\", and \"\"The Richie Rich/Scooby-Doo Show\"\". In 2016, she had launched a Kickstarter campaign for her upcoming album \"\"Voices\"\". Amanda McBroom Amanda McBroom (born August 9, 1947) is an American singer, lyricist, actress, and cabaret performer. Notable among the songs she has written is \"\"The Rose\"\", which Bette Midler sang in the film of the same name, and which has been covered by many other recording artists. McBroom is also known for her collaborations as lyricist with songwriter Michele Brourman, including some of the songs in \"\"The Land Before Time\"\" film series,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 9 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13706239", "chunk_text": "\"Bette Midler\"\ncommercial and critical failure and went on to be her all-time lowest charting album, peaking at No. 65 on the \"\"Billboard\"\" album chart. Soon afterward, she began a world concert tour, with one of her shows in Pasadena being filmed and released as the concert film \"\"Divine Madness\"\" (1980). Her performance in \"\"The Rose\"\" earned her a nomination for Academy Award for Best Actress, a role for which she won the Golden Globe for Best Actress (Comedy or Musical). The film's acclaimed soundtrack album sold over two million copies in the United States alone, earning a Double Platinum certification. The", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 10 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5255592", "chunk_text": "\"Bette (TV series)\"\nRose (Lindsay Lohan, pilot episode; Marina Malota, eps. 2–18) was bright, active, and not the least bit fazed by her mother's celebrity. Embarking with Bette on her long, wild journey around showbiz was her hardworking best friend and manager Connie Randolph (Joanna Gleason). Refined Englishman Oscar (James Dreyfus) was Bette's veteran musical director/accompanist, who had an obsession with tabloid media and was always on the lookout for new, strange exploitations of Bette. During the series' run, slightly fictional Bette recorded a new album, engaged in hijinks at awards shows, won a Grammy, made guest roles on series such as \"\"JAG\"\"", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 11 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10798038", "chunk_text": "\"Bette Midler\"\nthe PBS educational series \"\"Vegetable Soup.\"\" In 1977, Midler's first television special, whose title, \"\"Ol' Red Hair is Back\"\", was a takeoff on Frank Sinatra's \"\"Ol' Blue Eyes Is Back\"\", premiered, featuring guest stars Dustin Hoffman and Emmett Kelly. It went on to win the \"\"Emmy Award\"\" for Outstanding Special — Comedy-Variety or Music. Midler made her first motion picture in 1979, starring in the 1960s-era rock and roll tragedy \"\"The Rose\"\", as a drug-addicted rock star modeled after Janis Joplin. That year, she also released her fifth studio album, \"\"Thighs and Whispers.\"\" Midler's first foray into disco was a", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 12 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6566977", "chunk_text": "\"The Thorn\"\nJoseph; John Greenburg as John the Baptist; Fred LaBour as the Angel Fred; Richard Pollard as Rabbi Gabriel; Diana David as Salome; and Jack Castor and Chi Chi as queens. All of these actors were unknown and had no other film credits, with the exception of Bette Midler who was just beginning to build her singing career, had acted in a Broadway musical, and had briefly played a lead role in the off-Broadway musical \"\"Salvation\"\" in 1969. Midler had a brief appearance as a boat passenger in the 1966 film \"\"Hawaii\"\". Originally conceived as \"\"The Greatest Story Overtold\"\", an irreverent", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 13 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17068610", "chunk_text": "\"Amanda McBroom\"\nAmanda McBroom Amanda McBroom (born August 9, 1947) is an American singer, lyricist, actress, and cabaret performer. Notable among the songs she has written is \"\"The Rose\"\", which Bette Midler sang in the film of the same name, and which has been covered by many other recording artists. McBroom is also known for her collaborations as lyricist with songwriter Michele Brourman, including some of the songs in \"\"The Land Before Time\"\" film series, \"\"\"\", and the musical \"\"Dangerous Beauty\"\" based on the film of the same name, which had its world premiere at the Pasadena Playhouse on February 13, 2011.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 14 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10798058", "chunk_text": "\"Bette Midler\"\nMae West in an HBO movie biopic, written by Harvey Fierstein and directed by William Friedkin. In March 2014, she performed at the 86th Academy Awards telecast at the Dolby Theatre in Los Angeles, singing \"\"Wind Beneath My Wings\"\" during the in memoriam section. In November 2014, Midler released her 25th overall album, \"\"It's the Girls!\"\", through Warner Bros. Records. The album spans seven decades of famous girl groups, from 1930s trios The Boswell Sisters and The Andrews Sisters to 1990s R&B legends such as TLC and their single \"\"Waterfalls\"\". In March 2017, she began playing the role of Dolly", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 15 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "603966", "chunk_text": "\"Angela Ammons\"\na photographic artist and destination wedding photographer. She is the sister of actor Christopher Reagan Ammons. Angela Ammons Angela Ammons (born January 11, 1983, in Austin, Texas) is a singer and songwriter. Ammons began her career singing karaoke, especially Bette Midler's song \"\"The Rose\"\". A few years later, she moved to Nashville, Tennessee and signed a Universal Records contract. Her self-titled album was completed and released in September 2001, in the wake of the 9/11 terrorist attacks. Ammons was only 18 years old at the time. She said, \"\"We all began looking at life differently. My perspective changed when I", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 16 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1819210", "chunk_text": "\"Kay Medford\"\nKay Medford Margaret Kathleen Regan (born September 14, 1919 – April 10, 1980), better known as Kay Medford, was an American actress. For her performance as Rose Brice in the musical \"\"Funny Girl\"\" and the film adaptation of the same name, she was nominated for a Tony Award for Best Featured Actress in a Musical and an Academy Award for Best Supporting Actress. Medford was born in 1919 in New York City to James and Mary Regan, first-generation Irish-American parents. She was orphaned in her teens. She adopted the name \"\"Kay Medford\"\" professionally, and began her career after graduating from", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 17 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6564635", "chunk_text": "\"The Rose (soundtrack)\"\nand released posthumously. Midler's portrayal of The Rose, which was her acting debut, earned her an Oscar nomination for Best Actress in 1980 and became the start of her career in movies. The first single to be lifted off the soundtrack was Midler's rendition of Percy Sledge's \"\"When a Man Loves a Woman\"\" which became a moderate chart hit, peaking at #35 on \"\"Billboard\"\"'s single chart. The studio recorded title track (written by Amanda McBroom) which closes the album however became a top 3 hit for Midler, and also a #1 on the Adult Contemporary chart, and today counts as", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 18 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4718063", "chunk_text": "\"Robbie Buchanan\"\nRobbie Buchanan Robbie Buchanan (born 1957) is a Canadian keyboardist, songwriter, arranger, and producer. Buchanan, who hails from Vancouver, began playing the piano at age six. He acquired his first paying gig as a pianist at age twelve playing six nights a week in Dawson City, Yukon. While still a teenager, Buchanan joined a band called Soul Unlimited, at the suggestion of friend Tom Baird. In the years that followed, Buchanan eventually moved to Los Angeles, California to write music with Carl Graves. In 1978, Buchanan played a piano player in the Bette Midler film, \"\"The Rose\"\". Buchanan would also", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 19 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11568655", "chunk_text": "\"Rose Thompson Hovick\"\nLinda Lavin, Bernadette Peters, Patti LuPone, Betty Buckley, Leslie Uggams and Imelda Staunton. Lupone's 2008 revival of \"\"Gypsy\"\", won her a Tony Award for Best Actress in a Musical, as did Lansbury's 1973 portrayal and Daly's 1990 portrayal. A television movie starring Bette Midler premiered in 1993. Hovick died of colorectal cancer in 1954, aged 63, in Nyack, New York. She had suffered a stroke two weeks earlier. Rose Thompson Hovick Rose Evangeline Hovick (née Thompson; August 31, 1890 – January 28, 1954) was the mother of two famous performing daughters: burlesque artist Gypsy Rose Lee and actress and dancer", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 20 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6566976", "chunk_text": "\"The Thorn\"\nThe Thorn The Thorn is a comic, religious satire movie released on May 24, 1974, as The Divine Mr. J. It was first shown as The Greatest Story Overtold at the Detroit Institute of Art in 1971. It was released on video in the early 1980s as \"\"The Thorn\"\". It was written, directed and produced by Peter Alexander. Its release was legally challenged on grounds that its title and advertising deceptively exploited the fame of its co-star, Bette Midler. \"\"The Thorn\"\" starred John Hassberger as Jesus Christ with supporting roles of Bette Midler as the Virgin Mary; James Harrison as", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 21 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4854023", "chunk_text": "\"Doris Roberts\"\nshe played Jack Ruby's sister. She also appeared very briefly in \"\"The Rose\"\", as the mother of the title character (played by Bette Midler). In an interview with the Archive of American Television, Rue McClanahan confirmed that in 1972 she was approached by Norman Lear during the taping of an \"\"All in the Family\"\" episode to be a late replacement for Roberts, who was originally intended for the role of Vivian on \"\"Maude\"\". (Roberts later guest starred in a 1976 \"\"All in the Family\"\" episode, \"\"Edith's Night Out\"\".) Roberts played Theresa Falco on \"\"Angie\"\", and later appeared as Mildred Krebs", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 22 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2628601", "chunk_text": "\"The Rose (TV series)\"\n(talk about fate), finds that her mother did not die. Furthermore, her mother is the famous actress Han Li (Cecilia Yip). She finds herself in the Han family, yet, the truth about her birth has not been revealed. Surrounded by three half-siblings, Han Fu Rong (Joelle Lu), Han Jin (Jerry Huang) and Han Kui (Joe Cheng), all by the same mother but different fathers, and a pretty harsh and cold mother, Bai He (Ella Chen) takes on the role of a maid. The three siblings are isolated from each other and the society. They have a cold appearance, yet each", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 23 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12400417", "chunk_text": "\"Bette Midler\"\nBette Midler Bette Midler (; born December 1, 1945) is an American singer, songwriter, actress, comedian, and film producer. Born in Honolulu, Hawaii, Midler began her professional career in several Off-Off-Broadway plays, prior to her engagements in \"\"Fiddler on the Roof\"\" and \"\"Salvation\"\" on Broadway in the late 1960s. She came to prominence in 1970 when she began singing in the Continental Baths, a local gay bathhouse where she managed to build up a core following. Since 1970, Midler has released 14 studio albums as a solo artist. Throughout her career, many of her songs became hits on the record", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 24 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12400419", "chunk_text": "\"Bette Midler\"\nBeverly Hills\"\" (1986), \"\"Ruthless People\"\" (1986), \"\"Outrageous Fortune\"\" (1987), \"\"Big Business\"\" (1988), \"\"Beaches\"\" (1988), \"\"Hocus Pocus\"\" (1993), \"\"The First Wives Club\"\" (1996), \"\"The Stepford Wives\"\" (2004), and \"\"Parental Guidance\"\" (2012). She also starred in \"\"For the Boys\"\" (1991) and \"\"Gypsy\"\" (1993), winning two additional Golden Globes for these films and receiving a second Academy Award nomination for the former. In a career spanning almost half a century, Midler has won three Grammy Awards, four Golden Globes, three Emmy Awards, and two Tony Awards. She has sold over 30 million records worldwide, and has received four Gold, three Platinum, and three", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 25 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16843993", "chunk_text": "\"The Thorn\"\nthe film remained underground until it was released by National Entertainment Corp. as \"\"The Divine Mr. J\"\" a few years later, to capitalize on Midler's growing fame as \"\"The Divine Miss M.\"\" Its premiere showing under the new title at the Festival Theater in New York City on May 24, 1974, was picketed by Midler's agent, who also challenged the film's title and marketing in court. The film received very poor reviews and soon closed. \"\"The Divine Mr. J\"\" was re-released by Rochelle Films, Inc. in 1980 after Bette Midler's starring role in \"\"The Rose\"\". It was blocked from opening", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 26 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10798044", "chunk_text": "\"Bette Midler\"\nHot 100, achieved Platinum status, and won Midler her third Grammy Award – for Record of the Year – at the 1990 telecast. Midler's 1990 cover of the Julie Gold song \"\"From a Distance\"\", the first offering from her seventh studio album \"\"Some People's Lives\"\" (1990), topped the \"\"Billboard\"\" Adult Contemporary charts and achieved platinum status in the US. The same year, she starred along with Trini Alvarado as the title character in John Erman's drama film \"\"Stella\"\". The third feature film adaptation of the 1920 novel \"\"Stella Dallas\"\" by Olive Higgins Prouty, Midler portrayed a vulgar single mother living", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 27 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13706264", "chunk_text": "\"Bette Midler\"\nand on bases to show her gratitude to military members by serving them meals just before deployment. References for Honors & Accolades: Bette Midler Bette Midler (; born December 1, 1945) is an American singer, songwriter, actress, comedian, and film producer. Born in Honolulu, Hawaii, Midler began her professional career in several Off-Off-Broadway plays, prior to her engagements in \"\"Fiddler on the Roof\"\" and \"\"Salvation\"\" on Broadway in the late 1960s. She came to prominence in 1970 when she began singing in the Continental Baths, a local gay bathhouse where she managed to build up a core following. Since 1970,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 28 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15782695", "chunk_text": "\"Diva Las Vegas\"\nDiva Las Vegas Diva Las Vegas was a show at the MGM Grand Garden Arena in Las Vegas starring Bette Midler performing as singer and comedian. The one-time performance was filmed for television; HBO released it as a TV special originally broadcast on January 18, 1997 and repeated on February 2, 1997. Midler won the 1997 Primetime Emmy Award for Individual Performance in a Variety or Music Program for the special. Among the songs performed were \"\"The Rose\"\", \"\"Boogie Woogie Bugle Boy\"\", \"\"From A Distance\"\", \"\"Friends\"\", \"\"Wind Beneath My Wings\"\", \"\"Stay With Me\"\" and \"\"Do You Want To Dance?\"\". Bette's", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 29 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14122839", "chunk_text": "\"Keiko Terada\"\nKeiko Terada Terada's trademark for many years was a fake rose tattoo she wore above her right breast. She was inspired by Bette Midler's film \"\"The Rose\"\", in which Midler played a Janis Joplin-like character. She maintained over the years a relevant presence in both Japanese TV and Radio, both alone and as member of other bands. She is now member of the reformed Show-Ya and of the special group Nishidera Minoru. Keiko Terada started singing professionally in 1981 and founded in 1982 the band Show-Ya, with keyboard player Miki Nakamura. The band enjoyed popularity in the late 80s in", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 30 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20649435", "chunk_text": "\"Bringin' On the Heartbreak\"\nthe US \"\"Billboard\"\" Hot Dance Club Play. The song's video, set to the RJ Jammen remix, was shot in Los Angeles on 8 March 2003 by director Sanaa Hamri, and features cameo appearances by Randy Jackson, Dave Navarro, Evan Marriott (as a helicopter pilot/bodyguard) and model Damon Willis. The single's video is based on the 1979 film \"\"The Rose\"\", which featured a rock star (played by Bette Midler) who struggles to find happiness as she goes from her rough \"\"rock and roll\"\" lifestyle to her final high-profile concert. On 7 December 2002, Carey performed the song along with \"\"Through the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 31 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2880080", "chunk_text": "\"Rose Hill (film)\"\nRose Hill (film) Rose Hill is a 1997 American Western film, directed by Christopher Cain and written by Earl W. Wallace. The film stars Jennifer Garner, Jeffrey D. Sams, Vera Farmiga, Justin Chambers, and Zak Orth. It is based on Julie Garwood's 1995 novel \"\"For the Roses\"\". The film premiered on CBS on April 20, 1997. Four Boston street urchins adopt a young infant that they discovered in a wagon when they made their escape from the police. They named the baby girl Mary Rose. As they grow up together, the five eventually settle in Blue Belle, Montana. In Blue", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 32 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6564637", "chunk_text": "\"The Rose (soundtrack)\"\nThe \"\"Rose\"\" soundtrack also included one song that since its original release has become a mainstay in Midler's live repertoire, Jerry Ragovoy's despairing blues ballad \"\"Stay With Me\"\". \"\"The Rose\"\" peaked at #12 on Billboard's album chart in the Spring of 1980, making it Midler's bestselling album since 1973's \"\"Bette Midler\"\". The album was digitally remastered and reissued on CD by Atlantic Records/Warner Music in 1995 but with no bonus tracks. \"\"All tracks recorded live unless otherwise noted\"\" Side A Side B The Rose Concert Band \"\"Love Me With a Feeling\"\" Band \"\"The Rose\"\" Ensemble The Rose (soundtrack) The Rose", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 33 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12400420", "chunk_text": "\"Bette Midler\"\nMultiplatinum albums by RIAA. Midler's latest work included appearing on Broadway in a revival of \"\"Hello, Dolly!\"\", which began preview performances on March 15, 2017 and premiered at the Shubert Theatre on April 20, 2017. It was her first leading role in a Broadway musical. On June 11, 2017, Midler received the Tony Award for Best Actress in a Musical for the title role in \"\"Hello, Dolly!\"\". Bette Midler was born in Honolulu, where her family was one of the few Jewish families in a mostly Asian neighborhood. Her mother, Ruth (née Schindel), was a seamstress and housewife, and her", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 34 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8827835", "chunk_text": "\"Rosalind Harris\"\nRosalind Harris Rosalind Harris (born March 19, 1950) is an American theater and film actress. She is known for her portrayal of Tzeitel, the eldest daughter of Tevye, in the 1971 film \"\"Fiddler on the Roof\"\". She also starred as Tzeitel in the Broadway musical, having replaced Bette Midler. Nearly 20 years after the film, Harris played mother Golde in a touring stage revival of \"\"Fiddler on the Roof\"\"; Topol, the Israeli actor who played father Tevye in the film, reprised his role, now playing her husband. Harris also had an extensive theatre career, having performed in leading roles in", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 35 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18434275", "chunk_text": "\"Angela Ammons\"\nAngela Ammons Angela Ammons (born January 11, 1983, in Austin, Texas) is a singer and songwriter. Ammons began her career singing karaoke, especially Bette Midler's song \"\"The Rose\"\". A few years later, she moved to Nashville, Tennessee and signed a Universal Records contract. Her self-titled album was completed and released in September 2001, in the wake of the 9/11 terrorist attacks. Ammons was only 18 years old at the time. She said, \"\"We all began looking at life differently. My perspective changed when I realized that I was never going to see some of my friends again. Selling albums seemed", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 36 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3395400", "chunk_text": "\"David Keith\"\nof Hilda Earle, a worker for the Knox County Board of Education, and Lemuel Grady Keith, Jr., a personnel division worker for the Tennessee Valley Authority. His cousin is Mike Keith, play-by-play announcer for the Tennessee Titans NFL football team. Keith had an early supporting role in the prison film \"\"Brubaker\"\". He had supporting roles in \"\"The Rose\"\", starring Bette Midler, and \"\"An Officer and a Gentleman\"\", with Richard Gere. Keith played a local thug in \"\"The Great Santini\"\", starred in \"\"The Lords of Discipline\"\" and \"\"White of the Eye\"\", and held a prominent supporting role in \"\"U-571\"\" opposite Matthew", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 37 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12400445", "chunk_text": "\"Bette Midler\"\nwas released. It reached number 66 on the U.S. \"\"Billboard\"\" 200 chart, and number six in the United Kingdom, where it was certified platinum for sales of over 300,000 copies. As her only film appearance that year, Midler had a small role in Diane English's comedy film \"\"The Women\"\", starring Meg Ryan, Annette Bening and Eva Mendes among others. An updated version of the George Cukor-directed 1939 film of the same name based on a 1936 play by Clare Boothe Luce, the film was widely panned by critics, who found it \"\"...a toothless remake of the 1939 classic, lacking the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 38 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1819213", "chunk_text": "\"Kay Medford\"\nco-starred in the 1968-1969 ABC series \"\"That's Life\"\". Kay Medford never married and had no children. She died of cancer in New York City in 1980, aged 60. Kay Medford Margaret Kathleen Regan (born September 14, 1919 – April 10, 1980), better known as Kay Medford, was an American actress. For her performance as Rose Brice in the musical \"\"Funny Girl\"\" and the film adaptation of the same name, she was nominated for a Tony Award for Best Featured Actress in a Musical and an Academy Award for Best Supporting Actress. Medford was born in 1919 in New York City", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 39 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14916893", "chunk_text": "\"Billy Rose\"\nFame. Rose was a leading character in the 1975 musical film \"\"Funny Lady,\"\" a sequel to \"\"Funny Girl\"\", which continues the story of Fanny Brice, again played by Barbra Streisand. Despite physical dissimilarities, actor James Caan was cast as Rose. The 1962 film \"\"Billy Rose's Jumbo\"\", starring Doris Day, depicted the original Broadway show staged by Rose. Although he was not involved in the making of the film, a contractual stipulation made it mandatory that his name appear in the title. Posthumous Credits Billy Rose Billy Rose (born William Samuel Rosenberg, September 6, 1899 – February 10, 1966) was an", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 40 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1290120", "chunk_text": "\"Sidney Fox\"\nSidney Fox Sidney Fox (born Sarah Leiffer or Liefer, also cited Sadie Fox; December 10, 1907– November 15, 1942) was an American stage and film actress in the late 1920s and 1930s. Fox’s Hollywood film debut was in Universal Pictures’ 1931 production \"\"Bad Sister\"\", which is notable for also being the first film of legendary actress Bette Davis. United States census records document that Sidney “Liefer” Fox was born in 1907 in Eastern Europe, in “Poland-Galicia”. In 1911 Sidney immigrated with her Jewish parents—Rucha Rose (née Szapiro) and Jacob Liefer—to New York, where by 1920 her mother had remarried. Rose’s", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 41 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12400441", "chunk_text": "\"Bette Midler\"\nremake of the 1975 film of the same name also based on the Ira Levin novel. Also starring Nicole Kidman, Matthew Broderick, Christopher Walken and Glenn Close, Midler played Bobbie Markowitz, a writer and recovering alcoholic. The project underwent numerous production problems that occurred throughout its shooting schedule, with reports of problems on-set between director Oz and the actors being rampant in the press. Oz later blamed Midler — who was amid recording her next album and rehearsing for her tour — for being under a lot of stress by other projects and making \"\"the mistake of bringing her stress", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 42 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15035354", "chunk_text": "\"Janis Joplin\"\n\"\"I-Feel-Like-I'm-Fixin'-to-Die\"\" (1967). At the 1976 Montreux Jazz Festival, Nina Simone, whom Joplin admired greatly, commented on Joplin and referred to the documentary \"\"Janis\"\" (1975) that evidently was screened at the festival: The film \"\"The Rose\"\" (1979) is loosely based on Joplin's life. Originally planned to be titled \"\"Pearl\"\"—Joplin's nickname and the title of her last album—the film was fictionalized after her family declined to allow the producers the rights to her story. Bette Midler earned a nomination for the Academy Award for Best Actress for her performance in the film. In 1988, on what would have been Joplin's 45th birthday,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 43 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13019367", "chunk_text": "\"Lee Remick\"\nLee Remick Lee Ann Remick (December 14, 1935 – July 2, 1991) was an American actress. She was nominated for the Academy Award for Best Actress for the 1962 film \"\"Days of Wine and Roses\"\", and for the 1966 Tony Award for Best Actress in a Play for her Broadway theatre performance in \"\"Wait Until Dark\"\". Remick made her film debut in 1957 in \"\"A Face in the Crowd\"\". Her other notable film roles include \"\"Anatomy of a Murder\"\" (1959), \"\"Wild River\"\" (1960), \"\"The Detective\"\" (1968), \"\"The Omen\"\" (1976), and \"\"The Europeans\"\" (1979). She won Golden Globe Awards for the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 44 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17593110", "chunk_text": "\"Erin O'Brien-Moore\"\nErin O'Brien-Moore Erin O'Brien-Moore (May 2, 1902 in Los Angeles, California – May 3, 1979 in Los Angeles, California) was an American actress. She created the role of Rose in the original Broadway production of Elmer Rice's Pulitzer Prize-winning play, \"\"Street Scene\"\" (1929), and was put under contract in Hollywood and made a number of films in the 1930s. Her promising career on the stage and screen was interrupted by severe injuries she sustained in a 1939 fire. Following her recovery and extensive plastic surgery she returned to the stage and character roles in films and television, notably in four", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 45 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1363123", "chunk_text": "\"Bette of Roses\"\nBette of Roses Bette of Roses is the eighth studio album by the American singer Bette Midler, released on Atlantic Records in 1995. It became Midler's final album for the label, twenty-three years after the release of her debut album \"\"The Divine Miss M\"\" (Midler was transferred to Atlantic's sister label Warner Bros. Records for her next two albums, then left the Warner group completely in 2002 when she signed with the Sony-owned Columbia Records). The title \"\"Bette of Roses\"\" is a play on one of the tracks, \"\"Bed of Roses\"\". \"\"Bette of Roses\"\" was Midler's first full-length studio album", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 46 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12400422", "chunk_text": "\"Bette Midler\"\nfilm \"\"Hawaii\"\" as an extra, playing an uncredited seasick passenger named Miss David Buff. Midler married artist Martin von Haselberg on December 16, 1984, about six weeks after their first meeting. Their daughter, Sophie von Haselberg, who is also an actress, was born on November 14, 1986. Midler relocated to New York City in the summer of 1965, using money from her work in the film \"\"Hawaii\"\". She landed her first professional onstage role in Tom Eyen's Off-Off-Broadway plays in 1965, \"\"Miss Nefertiti Regrets\"\" and \"\"Cinderella Revisited\"\", a children's play by day and an adult show by night. From 1966", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 47 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16397830", "chunk_text": "\"Rachel Lambert Mellon\"\nMellon taught \"\"how to listen, dress, never be vulgar, respect all people, be humble, avoid hubris, write thank-you notes, never boast, be curious and 'above all, be loyal'\"\". Her grandson, Stacy Lloyd IV, remembered Mellon as \"\"Granbunny\"\" and how she taught him to find beauty in everything. Her friend, Bette Midler, performed her hit song \"\"The Rose\"\". Rachel Lambert Mellon Rachel Lowe Lambert Lloyd Mellon (August 9, 1910 – March 17, 2014), often known as Bunny Mellon, was an American horticulturalist, gardener, philanthropist, and art collector. She designed and planted a number of significant gardens, including the White House Rose", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 48 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3125357", "chunk_text": "\"The Rose Tattoo (film)\"\nThe Rose Tattoo (film) The Rose Tattoo is a 1955 American film adaptation of the Tennessee Williams play of the same name. It was adapted by Williams and Hal Kanter and directed by Daniel Mann, with stars Anna Magnani, Burt Lancaster, Marisa Pavan and Jo Van Fleet. Williams originally wrote the play for Italian Anna Magnani to play on Broadway in 1951, but she rejected the offer because of her difficulty with the English language at the time. By the time of this film adaptation, she was ready. Anna Magnani won the Academy Award for Best Actress for her performance,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 49 } ]
test_3584	what is the setting of the story sorry wrong number?	n/a	[ "Manhattan" ]	[]	n/a	n/a	n/a	[]	[ { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5724795", "chunk_text": "\"Sorry, Wrong Number\"\nplanning a woman's murder. The call cuts off without Leona learning very much other than it is scheduled for 23:15, when a passing train will hide any sounds. She calls the telephone company and the police, but with few concrete details, they can do nothing. Complicating matters, her husband Henry is overdue and their servants have the night off, leaving her all alone in a Manhattan apartment. As she makes a number of phone calls trying to locate Henry, Leona inadvertently begins to piece together the mystery in flashbacks. When Leona reaches Henry's secretary, Elizabeth Jennings, she learns that he", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 0 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5724796", "chunk_text": "\"Sorry, Wrong Number\"\ntook an attractive woman, Sally Lord, to lunch and did not return to the office. Sally Lord turns out to be the former Sally Hunt. Leona stole then-drug-store-employee Henry from Sally, and married him against her father's wishes. Sally is now the wife of Fred Lord, a lawyer in the district attorney's office. From overheard conversations, she learned that her husband was close to resolving an investigation that involves Henry somehow. Sally became so concerned that she followed her husband and two associates to a mysterious meeting in a seemingly abandoned house on Staten Island. The house, according to a", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 1 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13559875", "chunk_text": "\"Sorry, Wrong Number\"\nto her horror that it is for the city morgue. When Henry calls her from a train station in New Haven, Connecticut, Leona gives him Evans' message. Seeing that it is only minutes from 11:15, he pleads with her to go to the balcony and scream for help, but she protests that she cannot, though she can hear somebody downstairs. When the intruder enters her bedroom, she begs for her life, then screams. The intruder strangles and kills Leona. Unaware of the policemen about to apprehend him, Henry frantically calls back, only to have a man answer, \"\"Sorry, wrong number.\"\"", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 2 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5724799", "chunk_text": "\"Sorry, Wrong Number\"\nyear ago. Alexander, however, diagnosed Leona's problems as purely psychosomatic; nothing is wrong with her physically. Leona goes into hysterics and phones a hospital, asking to hire a nurse for the night. The receptionist tells her that they are short staffed and she can only have a nurse if the doctor feels it is an emergency. She thinks it is only 11:00pm but discovers her clock has stopped, sending her into a worse hysterical fit. Leona receives a telephone call from Waldo. He reluctantly discloses that Henry recruited him to steal valuable chemicals from the Cotterell drug company to sell", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 3 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11348872", "chunk_text": "\"Sorry, Right Number\"\nSorry, Right Number \"\"Sorry, Right Number\"\" is a teleplay written by author Stephen King for an episode of the horror anthology series \"\"Tales from the Darkside\"\". It was later included in King's short story collection \"\"Nightmares & Dreamscapes\"\", and is the only such work that King has included in any of his anthologies. It appears in script format, and begins with an authors' guide for screenplays and abbreviations. The \"\"Tales from the Darkside\"\" episode originally aired in 1987, and starred Deborah Harmon and Arthur Taxier as Katie and Bill Weiderman, with Rhonda Dotson as Katie's sister Dawn and Katherine Britton,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 4 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5724794", "chunk_text": "\"Sorry, Wrong Number\"\nSorry, Wrong Number Sorry, Wrong Number is a 1948 American thriller film noir directed by Anatole Litvak and starring Barbara Stanwyck and Burt Lancaster. It tells the story of a woman who overhears a murder plot. The film was adapted by Lucille Fletcher from her 1943 radio play. It is one of the few pre-1950 Paramount Pictures films that remained in the studio's library (the rest are currently owned by NBCUniversal). Leona Stevenson is the spoiled, bedridden daughter of wealthy businessman James Cotterell. One day, while listening to what seems to be a crossed telephone connection, she hears two men", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 5 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15190647", "chunk_text": "\"Sorry, Right Number\"\nadaptation of Bill's earlier novel. Katie receives a second phone call. The incoming call is a sobbing and traumatized caller who sputters, \"\"Take... please... take\"\" before the line goes dead. Katie immediately assumes the call came from her daughter Polly, who is away at boarding school, but a call to Polly proves otherwise. Katie also rules out her mother, but she cannot reach her sister Dawn. Katie and Bill rush over to Dawn's house; despite the appearance of a forced entry, Dawn is all right and did not call. Assuming that someone must have dialed the wrong number, Katie forgets", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 6 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13559876", "chunk_text": "\"Sorry, Wrong Number\"\n\"\"Sorry, Wrong Number\"\" conforms to many of the conventions of film noir. The movie plays in real time, with many flashbacks to flesh out the story. Stanwyck's bedroom window overlooks the night skyline of Manhattan. The film is shot very dark, with looming shadows and a circling camera used to maintain a high level of suspense. Hollywood's Production Code Administration initially objected to elements of Fletcher's screenplay, including its depiction of drug trafficking, and the script was significantly revised to win approval. For her role in the film, Stanwyck was nominated for the Academy Award for Best Actress. Lucille Fletcher's", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 7 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5724797", "chunk_text": "\"Sorry, Wrong Number\"\n\"\"no trespassing\"\" sign, belongs to a Waldo Evans, a chemist working for her father. Sally arranged to meet Henry for lunch, but before she could warn him, he left the table and did not return. Later, Sally calls Leona with more news. The house on Staten Island has burned down, and three men, including one named Morano have been arrested. Waldo Evans, however, has escaped. Leona then receives a message from Henry stating he has gone out of town on business he had forgotten about and will not be back until Sunday. Leona next gets in touch with Dr. Phillip", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 8 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11348875", "chunk_text": "\"Sorry, Right Number\"\nabout the call. Later that night Bill suffers a fatal heart attack. Five years pass. Katie has remarried, but she still misses Bill. On the anniversary of Bill's death, Katie is in Bill's old office and she finds an old VHS tape of \"\"Spider’s Kiss\"\". She puts it into the player. She is immediately overcome with grief as she recalls the events of ten years past. Insensate, she grabs the phone and dials her old phone number. She is startled when the phone is answered by herself ten years previously. She tries to warn her younger self of the tragedy", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 9 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2953011", "chunk_text": "\"Don't Take It Personally, Babe, It Just Ain't Your Story\"\nsee, at any time, the equivalent of texts and Facebook postings between the students on a school social network called AmieConnect (often shortened to \"\"Amie\"\"), as well as conversation threads on a 4chan-like imageboard that serve as foreshadowing for future plot points. These extra conversations take place in parallel to in-person conversations between characters, occasionally at the same time; the player is notified anytime a new text message or post is made. A single playthrough of the game takes \"\"over an hour\"\". The game is set in a private high school in Ontario, in 2027. The player follows a new", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 10 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5724800", "chunk_text": "\"Sorry, Wrong Number\"\nto Morano. Later, Henry decided to bypass Morano when Waldo was transferred to the New Jersey plant. Morano, however, showed up with two thugs and intimidated Henry into signing an IOU for $200,000 for his lost profits, due in three months. When Henry protested that he did not have that much money, Morano pointed out that Leona must have a large insurance policy. With Morano now in custody, Waldo stresses that Henry no longer has to raise the now-overdue sum. Waldo leaves Leona with a telephone number to call to locate Henry, but when she calls the number she discovers", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 11 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19495639", "chunk_text": "\"Misdialed call\"\norder to attempt to sell or lease the numbers to the named organisation or its local chapters. Misdialled calls serve as a plot device in 1948 film \"\"Sorry, Wrong Number\"\", in television series episodes such as the Dad's Army episode \"\"Sorry, Wrong Number\"\" and on the Touch-Tone Terrorists prank call CD series. Misdialed call A misdialed call or wrong number is a telephone call to an incorrect telephone number. This may occur because the number has been physically misdialled, the number is simply incorrect, or because the area code or ownership of the number has changed. In North America, toll-free", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 12 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12231260", "chunk_text": "\"Sorry, Wrong Number\"\nAgain\"\" and the 2014 action-thriller \"\"\"\". The latter two films were directed by Kenneth Branagh. Sorry, Wrong Number Sorry, Wrong Number is a 1948 American thriller film noir directed by Anatole Litvak and starring Barbara Stanwyck and Burt Lancaster. It tells the story of a woman who overhears a murder plot. The film was adapted by Lucille Fletcher from her 1943 radio play. It is one of the few pre-1950 Paramount Pictures films that remained in the studio's library (the rest are currently owned by NBCUniversal). Leona Stevenson is the spoiled, bedridden daughter of wealthy businessman James Cotterell. One day,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 13 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1552823", "chunk_text": "\"Fictitious telephone number\"\nexists. Universal Pictures acquired the phone number (212) 664-7665 for use in films to avoid the 555 prefix. It has been used in the films \"\"Munich\"\", \"\"Scott Pilgrim vs. the World\"\", \"\"The Adjustment Bureau\"\", and \"\"Definitely, Maybe\"\". Fictional Telecom has reserved voice over IP numbers in the 206 (Seattle), 323 (Los Angeles), 415 (San Francisco), and 646 (New York) area codes for use in films, TV and radio dramas. Occasionally, a real number serves as an Easter egg, as the publisher directs a number they own to a promotional message, a contest line or other content which ties into the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 14 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15190646", "chunk_text": "\"Sorry, Right Number\"\nBrandon Stewart and Nicole Huntington as the Weiderman children. It was later produced as a short film in 2005, directed and adapted by Brian Berkowitz. The cast included Darrin Stevens, Karla Droege, Michael Brady, Kimberly D'Armond, Karoline Striplin, and Barbara Weetman. The title is a pun on the title of the radio play and film \"\"Sorry, Wrong Number\"\". Katie Weiderman is talking to her sister on the phone one night. Her husband, Bill, is in his study trying to find inspiration for a new novel. Her children are arguing about whether or not to watch \"\"Ghost Kiss\"\", a gory TV", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 15 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1790647", "chunk_text": "\"Hotline Miami 2: Wrong Number\"\nkeep him from corroborating Jacket's testimony. In 1991, the escaped Richter tells his story to Evan in exchange for plane tickets for his mother to come to Hawaii. Evan's marriage and finances, however, are under pressure as he spends more time working on his book, and the player must choose whether he abandons the book or his family. The final act of the game is centered on the Son, who is trying to reclaim his father's empire from Colombian gangsters who filled the power vacuum the old boss' death left. Pardo also appears, having a nightmare revealing himself to be", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 16 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2760241", "chunk_text": "\"Sorry, Wrong Number\"\nplay originally aired on the \"\"Suspense\"\" radio program on May 25, 1943, essentially a one-woman show with Agnes Moorehead as Mrs. Stevenson. The play was reprised seven times, each starring Moorehead. The final broadcast was on February 14, 1960. Orson Welles called \"\"Sorry, Wrong Number\"\" \"\"the greatest single radio script ever written\"\". In 2015, the May 25, 1943 broadcast was deemed \"\"culturally, historically, or aesthetically significant\"\" by the Library of Congress and selected for inclusion in the National Recording Registry. Clips from \"\"Sorry, Wrong Number\"\" were used for the 1982 comedy-mystery \"\"Dead Men Don't Wear Plaid\"\", the 1991 thriller \"\"Dead", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 17 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20983031", "chunk_text": "\"Misdialed call\"\nsimilar to sources of typographical error: The use of local telephone numbers in mainstream fictional works is problematic as the number will often belong to one or more real subscribers in various other area codes. Well-known fictional numbers like 867-5309 (Jenny's number, from a popular 1982 song) and 776-2323 (God's number in the 2003 cinema release of \"\"Bruce Almighty\"\") continue to receive misdialled calls years later. This is often avoided by using reserved or invalid numbers (such as 555 (telephone number)), or by displaying a real area code and number which belongs to the publisher of the fictional work. Inadvertent", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 18 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5724798", "chunk_text": "\"Sorry, Wrong Number\"\nAlexander, a specialist she had come to New York to see regarding her lifelong heart troubles. Alexander reveals that he gave Henry her prognosis 10 days before, something that Henry kept from her. Henry had married Leona without being aware of her health problems. He first found out when she had a heart attack after they quarreled about his attempt to get a job on his own, rather than being a do-nothing vice president in his father-in-law's business. James Cotterell sabotaged his job interview. Her attacks became more and more frequent, until she finally took to her bed about a", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 19 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5325972", "chunk_text": "\"Suspense (radio drama)\"\nprominent mystery author John Dickson Carr. One of the series' earliest successes and its single most popular episode is Lucille Fletcher's \"\"Sorry, Wrong Number\"\", about a bedridden woman (Agnes Moorehead) who panics after overhearing a murder plot on a crossed telephone connection but is unable to persuade anyone to investigate. First broadcast on May 25, 1943, it was restaged seven times (last on February 14, 1960)—each time with Moorehead. The popularity of the episode led to a film adaptation in 1948. Another notable early episode was Fletcher's \"\"The Hitch Hiker\"\", in which a motorist (Orson Welles) is stalked on a", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 20 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5158213", "chunk_text": "\"Empire (1986 film)\"\ncontinue work in the field. Empire (1986 film) Empire (, translit. \"\"Ampir\"\"; from ) is a short film directed by Alexander Sokurov, released in 1986. The movie is based on a play by Lucille Fletcher. \"\"Empire\"\" was inspired by Lucille Fletcher's radio drama \"\"Sorry, Wrong Number\"\". For the film, Sokurov, as often, selected a single motif from the work of inspiration – in this case, it was the sickness of a woman. It was produced as the graduation work of S. Sidorov from the VGIK. At that time Sokurov was not allowed to work on his own films, and saw", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 21 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11483599", "chunk_text": "Number9dream\nNumber9dream number9dream is the second novel by English author David Mitchell. Set in Japan, the novel narrates 19-year-old Eiji Miyake's search for his father, whom he has never met. Told in the first person by Eiji, it is a coming of age/perception story that breaks convention by juxtaposing Eiji Miyake’s actual journey toward identity and understanding with his imaginative journey. The novel employs eclectic narrations in each chapter. The novel is divided into 9 chapters. Eiji waits inside a café in front of the Panopticon building in Tokyo. Akiko Kato, his father's lawyer, works in the building. Eiji plans to", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 22 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5158212", "chunk_text": "\"Empire (1986 film)\"\nEmpire (1986 film) Empire (, translit. \"\"Ampir\"\"; from ) is a short film directed by Alexander Sokurov, released in 1986. The movie is based on a play by Lucille Fletcher. \"\"Empire\"\" was inspired by Lucille Fletcher's radio drama \"\"Sorry, Wrong Number\"\". For the film, Sokurov, as often, selected a single motif from the work of inspiration – in this case, it was the sickness of a woman. It was produced as the graduation work of S. Sidorov from the VGIK. At that time Sokurov was not allowed to work on his own films, and saw this as an opportunity to", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 23 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5125175", "chunk_text": "\"Wrong Things\"\nWrong Things Wrong Things is a short story collection by Poppy Z. Brite and Caitlin R. Kiernan. It was released by Subterranean Press in 2001. The cover art and illustrations were provided by Canadian artist Richard A. Kirk. Kiernan's solo contribution to the book, \"\"Onion\"\", received the 2001 International Horror Guild Award for Best Short Story and was chosen for \"\"The Year's Best Fantasy and Horror, Fifteenth Annual Collection\"\" (edited by Terri Windling and Ellen Datlow; St. Martin's, 2001). Kiernan and Brite's collaborative story, \"\"The Rest of the Wrong Thing,\"\" is set in Brite's fictional town of Missing Mile, also", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 24 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16061550", "chunk_text": "\"Fictional country\"\n978 and 979 to be used for ISBN numbers assigned to books, and code 977 to be assigned for use for ISSN numbers on magazines and other periodicals. Also, the ISO 3166 country code \"\"ZZ\"\" is reserved as a fictional country code. Fictional countries appear commonly in stories of early science fiction (or scientific romance). Such countries supposedly form part of the normal Earth landscape although not located in a normal atlas. Later similar tales often took place on fictional planets. Jonathan Swift's protagonist, Lemuel Gulliver, visited various strange places. Edgar Rice Burroughs placed adventures of Tarzan in areas in", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 25 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16556247", "chunk_text": "\"Katasumi and 4444444444\"\nman (revealed to be named Tsuyoshi in the first \"\"Ju-on\"\" film) riding his bicycle home. As he rounds a corner in front of an apparently abandoned building, he begins to hear a cell phone ringing, though he cannot see it. He hunts through a garbage pile next to the darkened entrance to the building, finding the phone after several rings. Upon closer examination, the phone is displaying an incoming call from the number 4444444444 (the numeral \"\"4\"\" is symbolic of bad luck in many Asian cultures, a phenomenon that is known as tetraphobia.). Tsuyoshi answers the phone to hear rasping,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 26 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15975229", "chunk_text": "\"The Wrong House\"\nThe Wrong House \"\"The Wrong House\"\" is a short story by E. W. Hornung, and features the gentleman thief A. J. Raffles, and his companion and biographer, Bunny Manders. The story was first published in \"\"Scribner's Magazine\"\" in September 1901. The story was also included as the seventh story in the collection \"\"The Black Mask\"\", published by Grant Richards in London, and Charles Scribner's Sons in New York, both in 1901. Raffles is now living with Bunny in Ham Common as Bunny's colonial brother, Ralph. Raffles and Bunny occasionally commit burglaries at night, using their bicycles. Raffles becomes a favorite", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 27 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11348876", "chunk_text": "\"Sorry, Right Number\"\nthat is about to happen, and tries to say, \"\"Take him to the hospital! If you want him to live, take him to the hospital!\"\" In her state of shock, she is only able to say, \"\"Take... please take...,\"\" before the line goes dead. She realizes the truth of what happened that night, and breaks down sobbing over her lost opportunity. The episode is available on VHS as part of volume 4 of the \"\"Tales from the Darkside\"\" compilation, as well as part of the complete collection released on DVD on October 19, 2010. Sorry, Right Number \"\"Sorry, Right Number\"\"", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 28 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11483619", "chunk_text": "Number9dream\n\"\"number9dream\"\" draws heavily on Haruki Murakami's fiction, especially \"\"Norwegian Wood\"\". Number9dream number9dream is the second novel by English author David Mitchell. Set in Japan, the novel narrates 19-year-old Eiji Miyake's search for his father, whom he has never met. Told in the first person by Eiji, it is a coming of age/perception story that breaks convention by juxtaposing Eiji Miyake’s actual journey toward identity and understanding with his imaginative journey. The novel employs eclectic narrations in each chapter. The novel is divided into 9 chapters. Eiji waits inside a café in front of the Panopticon building in Tokyo. Akiko Kato,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 29 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "319357", "chunk_text": "1Q84\nnegative force, which lies in opposition to normal, everyday life; however, Murakami is quite silent about his personal religious beliefs. The events of \"\"1Q84\"\" take place in Tokyo during a fictionalized year of 1984, with the first volume set between April and June, the second between July and September, and the third between October and December. The book opens with a female character named Aomame as she catches a taxi in Tokyo on her way to a work assignment. When the taxi gets stuck in a traffic jam, the driver suggests that she get out of the car and climb", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 30 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17418164", "chunk_text": "\"Technical Error\"\nTechnical Error \"\"Technical Error\"\" is a science fiction short story by Arthur C. Clarke. It was published in 1950 under the title \"\"The Reversed Man\"\" and appeared again in Clarke's collection of short stories \"\"Reach for Tomorrow\"\", in 1956. The first power plant to exploit superconductivity has been built, and worker Richard Nelson is \"\"laterally inverted\"\" following an accidental short-circuit in the facility. Nelson finds himself wearing his wedding ring on the wrong hand. Written texts appear mirror-inverted, and coins and his technical diary have been affected. Nelson begins to starve; normal food does not nourish him because most biological", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 31 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4083212", "chunk_text": "\"Fictional location\"\nFictional location Fictional locations are places that exist only in fiction and not in reality, such as the Negaverse or Planet X. Writers may create and describe such places to serve as backdrop for their fictional works. Fictional locations are also created for use as settings in role-playing games such as \"\"Dungeons and Dragons\"\". They may also be used for technical reasons in actual reality for use in the development of specifications, such as the fictional country of Bookland, which is used to allow EAN \"\"country\"\" codes 978 and 979 to be used for ISBN numbers assigned to books, and", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 32 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16409341", "chunk_text": "\"Number, Please?\"\nto get her mother's consent. The girl's new boyfriend races to her house to get the mother's permission, while the young man tries to telephone her. The young man faces crowded phone booths, gossiping operators, a crying baby and other obstacles in his effort to reach the mother first. Racing back to the girl, the two suitors bump into one another and a pickpocket who has just robbed the girl of her purse. The boy is mistaken for the pickpocket and must elude various policemen on his way back to meet the girl. Number, Please? Number, Please? is a 1920", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 33 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1633875", "chunk_text": "\"Qualidea Code\"\nQualidea Code The story takes place in a world where humankind is at war against an enemy called the \"\"Unknown\"\". Children who were evacuated to a cold sleep facility during the invasion by the Unknown several decades ago wake up from their slumber and learn that their bodies developed supernatural abilities called \"\"World\"\". In order to protect Japan from the Unknown emerging from the Tokyo Bay gate, the boys and girls wage battles for the defense of the cities in the Kantō region (Tokyo, Yokohama (Kanagawa), and Chiba). There are four \"\"Qualidea Code\"\" light novel series written by different authors.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 34 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14768869", "chunk_text": "\"Atonement (novel)\"\nAtonement (novel) Atonement is a 2001 British metafiction novel written by Ian McEwan concerning the understanding of and responding to the need for personal atonement. Set in three time periods, 1935 England, Second World War England and France, and present-day England, it covers an upper-class girl's half-innocent mistake that ruins lives, her adulthood in the shadow of that mistake, and a reflection on the nature of writing. Widely regarded as one of McEwan's best works, it was shortlisted for the 2001 Booker Prize for fiction. In 2010, \"\"TIME\"\" magazine named \"\"Atonement\"\" in its list of the 100 greatest English-language novels", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 35 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3244001", "chunk_text": "\"Sorry to Bother You\"\nfighting. Detroit and Cash reconcile and everything seemingly returns to normal—until Cash starts to grow horse nostrils. In a mid-credit scene, a fully transformed Cash leads a mob of equisapiens to Lift's house. Cash calls over the intercom and remarks \"\"sorry to bother you\"\" before leading the mob to break down the door. Boots Riley describes the film as \"\"an absurdist dark comedy with aspects of magical realism and science fiction inspired by the world of telemarketing\"\". The screenplay for \"\"Sorry to Bother You\"\" was inspired by his own time working as a telemarketer and telefundraiser in California, and his", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 36 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19358574", "chunk_text": "5,271,009\n5,271,009 \"\"5,271,009\"\" is a science fiction / fantasy short story by Alfred Bester. First published in \"\"the Magazine of Fantasy & Science Fiction\"\", in 1954, it is also known as \"\"The Starcomber\"\". To repair the mind of insane artist Jeffrey Halsyon, supernatural being Solon Aquila causes Halsyon to live out various wish fulfillment scenarios — all of which are terribly flawed. The story was commissioned to fit a pre-existing piece of cover art, wherein a man in a prison uniform (with the serial number 5271009) is shackled to an asteroid. Bester subsequently explained \"\"5,271,009\"\" as being the number of decisions", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 37 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18703134", "chunk_text": "\"The Right Number\"\nas readers aren't taken out of the experience as they may when using a hyperlink to move to the next page. \"\"The Right Number\"\" has an advantage over infinitely-scrollable webcomics in that it preserves the rhythm of reading the comic, while scrollers may start to \"\"drag on and on.\"\" The time the webcomic spends zooming in on panels forces the reader to pace themselves. \"\"The Right Number\"\" follows a man who accidentally meets up with a stranger rather than his own girlfriend after misdialing a phone call. The woman he meets looks, sounds, and acts significantly like his wife, however,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 38 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14768882", "chunk_text": "\"Atonement (novel)\"\nin December 2007 in the United States. Atonement (novel) Atonement is a 2001 British metafiction novel written by Ian McEwan concerning the understanding of and responding to the need for personal atonement. Set in three time periods, 1935 England, Second World War England and France, and present-day England, it covers an upper-class girl's half-innocent mistake that ruins lives, her adulthood in the shadow of that mistake, and a reflection on the nature of writing. Widely regarded as one of McEwan's best works, it was shortlisted for the 2001 Booker Prize for fiction. In 2010, \"\"TIME\"\" magazine named \"\"Atonement\"\" in its", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 39 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1790635", "chunk_text": "\"Hotline Miami 2: Wrong Number\"\nHotline Miami 2: Wrong Number Hotline Miami 2: Wrong Number is a top-down shooter video game co-developed by Dennaton Games and Abstraction Games, and published by Devolver Digital. It is both the sequel and prequel to \"\"Hotline Miami\"\", taking place before and after the events of \"\"Hotline Miami\"\", as it focuses on the backstory and aftermath of the previous protagonist, Jacket, slaying parts of the Russian mafia at the behest of anonymous voices leaving mysterious messages on his answering machine. The game was first released worldwide for Microsoft Windows, OS X, Linux on 10 March 2015. It then saw its", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 40 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "245231", "chunk_text": "\"Fictional location\"\ncode 977 to be assigned for use for ISSN numbers on magazines and other periodicals. Fictional locations vary greatly in their size. Very small places like a single room are kept out of the umbrella of fictional locations by convention, as are most single buildings. A fictional location can be the size of a university (H.P. Lovecraft's Miskatonic University), a town (Stephen King's Salem's Lot), a county (William Faulkner's Yoknapatawpha County), a state (Winnemac in various Sinclair Lewis stories), a large section of continent (as in north-western Middle-earth, which supposedly represents Europe), a whole planet (Anne McCaffrey's Pern), a whole", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 41 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19329114", "chunk_text": "\"The Reencounter\"\nThe Reencounter \"\"The Reencounter\"\" is a short story by American writer Isaac Bashevis Singer. The story takes place in New York City and deals with death and the idea of an afterlife. The story begins with Dr. Max Greitzer waking to the sound of his telephone. The voice on the other line tells him that a woman he'd dated previously, Liza Nestling, had died and that the funeral was to be held at eleven. It had been twelve years since the two had broken up. They had a thirteen-year love affair full of many misunderstandings and complications. After the breakup,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 42 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3164196", "chunk_text": "\"Fiction set in Equatorial Guinea\"\ntakes place at a primate research facility based in Equatorial Guinea. The book also discusses some of the geography, history and peoples of the country. Episode 2 of the British sitcom \"\"Yes Minister\"\", \"\"The Official Visit\"\", involves the fictional developing country of Buranda in what is actually Equatorial Guinea. In the 2009 novel \"\"Limit\"\" by Frank Schätzing, set in 2025, the country's history (and future history) plays a significant role. The 2011 novel \"\"The Informationist\"\" by Taylor Stevens is a missing-person thriller that makes detailed use of Equatorial Guinea's mélange of people, economics and geography. The 2012 Spanish-language novel \"\"Palmeras", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 43 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18098273", "chunk_text": "\"The Woods (comic)\"\nlater anthologized in nine volumes, which Boom! Studios published from September 2014 to March 2018. Honours for \"\"The Woods\"\" include \"\"Best Graphic Novel for Young Adults\"\" (, 2016) and the GLAAD Media Award for Outstanding Comic Book (2017). The story begins at a college-preparatory school in the suburbs of Milwaukee, Wisconsin, a city in the Midwestern United States. From there, 513 people—including 437 students, 52 teachers, and 24 staff—disappear on the date October 16, 2013. They reappear on a forest-covered moon in an uncharted part of the universe. The story follows seven students in particular: Isaac Andrews, Karen Jacobs, Calder", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 44 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10495482", "chunk_text": "\"Hotline Miami 2: Wrong Number\"\nrespectively, but are controlled by the player simultaneously. A different character or group of characters is available at the start of each level, each chapter telling part of the story from that character's perspective. A level editor was added after the game's release, which let users create original stories through dialogue crafting. The editor was originally planned for a spring 2015 release, but was postponed, eventually going live on 22 June 2016. \"\"Hotline Miami 2: Wrong Number\"\" takes place in a heavily anachronistic order before and after the events of the original, focusing more on the latter between October and", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 45 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18528682", "chunk_text": "\"Building Stories\"\nprotagonist is unable to escape the omnipresence of death in the suburban home in Oak Park, Illinois, where had previously lived—her closest college friend commits suicide, her cat dies, she flushes a baby mouse down the toilet, and she is tormented about what to believe about abortion. Loss is a dominant theme in the work. The characters suffer loss in terms of relationships, romance, finance, weight, and in terms of the main character, loss of limb. The characters fear and resist these losses–though sometimes they desire it. There is much interconnectivity—the smallest details have great importance in the work. There", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 46 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8424793", "chunk_text": "\"Count Your Sheep\"\nnever been to the beach and has no 532 prefix. Eliminating cell phones, the 617-5xxx numbers in each area code apply to the following New England cities: Rochester, NY, Rome, NY, Perkasie, PA, and Philadelphia, PA. It also exists in the following Midwestern cities within the proper time zone: Trinity, OH, Independence, OH, Girard, OH, Zanesville, OH, Ridgeway, OH, Sebewaing, MI, and Grand Rapids, MI. Most of the strips set in the present take place inside Laurie's house. Other common settings are Katie's school, the local playground, and riding the city bus. Most of the \"\"Back in Time\"\" strips are", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 47 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7711444", "chunk_text": "\"The Wrong Move\"\nan early example of the \"\"Bildungsroman\"\" or novel of initiation. Aiming to be a writer, Wilhelm leaves mother and girlfriend in his home town of Glückstadt in the flat far north of Germany and sets out for Bonn. Changing trains at Hamburg, he is struck by a beautiful actress, Therese, and obtains her phone number. In his compartment are an older man, Laertes, who mostly communicates by blowing a mouth organ, and a young female acrobat called Mignon, who is mute. The pair have no money, so Wilhelm pays their fare and puts them up in his cheap hotel, where", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 48 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14051708", "chunk_text": "\"My Wrongs 8245–8249 & 117\"\nBritish record label Warp Records. It was released on DVD in 2003, on a region 0, PAL disc. The disc featured a false commentary track, among other bonuses. The packaging included a handwritten list of various wrongs committed by the protagonist, although one would have to destroy the case to read them all. The title comes from this tendency of the protagonist to record his sins: the film depicts numbers 8245–8249 in the timeline, and number 117, which was an unguarded comment made as a small boy, in a flashback. The protagonist (Paddy Considine) is a man tasked with looking", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 49 } ]
test_3585	where do they get the hair for a hair transplant?	n/a	[ "chest", "legs", "shoulders", "back of the head", "torso", "back" ]	[]	n/a	n/a	n/a	[]	[ { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7607337", "chunk_text": "\"Hair transplantation\"\nHair transplantation Hair transplantation is a surgical technique that removes hair follicles from one part of the body, called the 'donor site', to a bald or balding part of the body known as the 'recipient site'. The technique is primarily used to treat male pattern baldness. In this minimally invasive procedure, grafts containing hair follicles that are genetically resistant to balding (like the back of the head) are transplanted to the bald scalp. Hair transplantation can also be used to restore eyelashes, eyebrows, beard hair, chest hair, pubic hair and to fill in scars caused by accidents or surgery such", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 0 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7607358", "chunk_text": "\"Hair transplantation\"\nslits versus parallel (sagittal) slits, however, has been heavily debated in patient-based hair transplant communities. Many elite hair transplant surgeons typically adopt a combination of both methods based on what is best for the individual patient. Stem cells and dermal papilla cells have been discovered in hair follicles. Research on these follicular cells may lead to successes in treating baldness through hair multiplication (HM), also known as hair cloning. Hair transplantation Hair transplantation is a surgical technique that removes hair follicles from one part of the body, called the 'donor site', to a bald or balding part of the body", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 1 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7607347", "chunk_text": "\"Hair transplantation\"\nthe learning curve to acquire the skills necessary is lengthy and tough. Some surgeons note that FUE can lead to a lower ratio of successfully transplanted follicles as compared to strip harvesting. Follicular unit transplant (FUT) is the traditional hair transplant method which involves extracting a linear strip of hair bearing skin from the back or the side of the scalp. The strip is then dissected to separate individual grafts. Robotic hair restoration devices utilize cameras and robotic arms to assist the surgeon with the FUE procedure. In 2009, NeoGraft became the first robotic surgical device FDA approved for hair", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 2 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7607340", "chunk_text": "\"Hair transplantation\"\ncontribute to poor graft survival. Post operative antibiotics are commonly prescribed to prevent wound or graft infections. Transplant operations are performed on an outpatient basis, with mild sedation (optional) and injected local anesthesia. The scalp is shampooed and then treated with an antibacterial agent prior to the donor scalp being harvested. There are several different techniques for harvesting hair follicles, each with their own advantages and disadvantages. Regardless of the harvesting technique, proper extraction of the hair follicle is paramount to ensure the viability of the transplanted hair and avoid transection, the cutting of the hair shaft from the hair", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 3 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7607348", "chunk_text": "\"Hair transplantation\"\nrestoration. The ARTAS System was FDA approved in 2011 for use in harvesting follicular units from brown-haired and black-haired men. Despite the advantages of robotic hair restoration systems, there are still some disadvantages such as the size of the punches being relatively large in comparison to what is used in other methods of FUE, and the high costs associated with the devices. There are a number of applications for hair transplant surgery, including: If donor hair numbers from the back of the head are insufficient, it is possible to perform body hair transplantation (BHT) on appropriate candidates who have available", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 4 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8611078", "chunk_text": "\"Hair transplantation\"\nas face-lifts and previous hair transplants. Hair transplantation differs from skin grafting in that grafts contain almost all of the epidermis and dermis surrounding the hair follicle, and many tiny grafts are transplanted rather than a single strip of skin. Since hair naturally grows in groupings of 1 to 4 hairs, current techniques harvest and transplant hair \"\"follicular units\"\" in their natural groupings. Thus modern hair transplantation can achieve a natural appearance by mimicking original hair orientation. This hair transplant procedure is called follicular unit transplantation (FUT). Donor hair can be harvested in two different ways: strip harvesting, and follicular", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 5 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7607341", "chunk_text": "\"Hair transplantation\"\nfollicle. Hair follicles grow at a slight angle to the skin's surface, so transplanted tissue must be removed at a corresponding angle. There are two main ways in which donor grafts are extracted today: strip excision harvesting, and follicular unit extraction. Strip harvesting is the most common technique for removing hair and follicles from a donor site. The surgeon harvests a strip of skin from the posterior scalp, in an area of good hair growth. A single-, double-, or triple-bladed scalpel is used to remove strips of hair-bearing tissue from the donor site. Each incision is planned so that intact", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 6 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7607350", "chunk_text": "\"Hair transplantation\"\nvulnerable recipient area must be shielded from the sun, and shampooing is started two days after the surgery. Some surgeons will have the patient shampoo the day after surgery. Shampooing is important to prevent scabs from forming around the hair shaft. Scabs adhere to the hair shaft and increase the risk of losing newly transplanted hair follicles during the first 7 to 10 days post-op. During the first ten days, some of the transplanted hairs, inevitably traumatized by their relocation, may fall out. This is referred to as \"\"shock loss\"\". After two to three months new hair will begin to", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 7 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7607343", "chunk_text": "\"Hair transplantation\"\nsites for receiving the grafts, placing them in a predetermined density and pattern, and angling the wounds in a consistent fashion to promote a realistic hair pattern. The technicians generally do the final part of the procedure, inserting the individual grafts in place. Strip harvesting will leave a thin linear scar in the donor area, which is typically covered by a patient's hair even at relatively short lengths. The recovery period is around 2 weeks and will require the stitches/staples to be removed by medical personnel or sub cuticular suturing can be done. With Follicular Unit Extraction or FUE harvesting,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 8 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7483288", "chunk_text": "\"Management of hair loss\"\nhair transplantation. Naturally-occurring units of one to four hairs, called follicular units, are excized and moved to areas of hair restoration. These follicular units are surgically implanted in the scalp in close proximity and in large numbers. The grafts are obtained from either Follicular Unit Transplantation (FUT) – colloquially referred to as \"\"strip harvesting\"\" – or Follicular Unit Extraction (FUE). In the former, a strip of skin with follicular units is extracted and dissected into individual follicular unit grafts. The surgeon then implants the grafts into small incisions, called recipient sites. Specialized scalp tattoos can also mimic the appearance of", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 9 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7607342", "chunk_text": "\"Hair transplantation\"\nhair follicles are removed. The excised strip is about 1–1.5 x 15–30 cm in size. While closing the resulting wound, assistants begin to dissect individual follicular unit grafts, which are small, naturally formed groupings of hair follicles, from the strip. Working with binocular Stereo-microscopes, they carefully remove excess fibrous and fatty tissue while trying to avoid damage to the follicular cells that will be used for grafting. The latest method of closure is called 'Trichophytic closure' which results in much finer scars at the donor area. The surgeon then uses very small micro blades or fine needles to puncture the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 10 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13496475", "chunk_text": "\"Follicular unit transplantation\"\nFollicular unit transplantation Follicular unit transplantation (FUT) is a hair restoration technique, also known as the strip procedure, where a patient's hair is transplanted in naturally occurring groups of 1 to 4 hairs, called follicular units. Follicular units also contain sebaceous (oil) glands, nerves, a small muscle, and occasional fine vellus hairs. In follicular unit transplantation, these small units allow the surgeon to safely transplant thousands of grafts in a single session, which maximizes the cosmetic impact of the procedure. FUT is considered an advance over older hair transplantation procedures that used larger grafts and often produced a pluggy, unnatural", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 11 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7607344", "chunk_text": "\"Hair transplantation\"\nindividual follicular units containing 1 to 4 hairs are removed under local anesthesia; this micro removal typically uses tiny punches of between 0.6mm and 1.0mm in diameter. The surgeon then uses very small micro blades or fine needles to puncture the sites for receiving the grafts, placing them in a predetermined density and pattern, and angling the wounds in a consistent fashion to promote a realistic hair pattern. The technicians generally do the final part of the procedure, inserting the individual grafts in place. FUE takes place in a single long session or multiple small sessions. The FUE procedure is", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 12 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1611958", "chunk_text": "\"Management of hair loss\"\nhair, and pubic hair and to fill in scars caused by accidents or surgery such as face-lifts and previous hair transplants. Hair transplantation differs from skin grafting in that grafts contain almost all of the epidermis and dermis surrounding the hair follicle, and many tiny grafts are transplanted rather than a single strip of skin. Since hair naturally grows in follicles in groups of 1 to 4 hairs, transplantation takes advantage of these naturally occurring follicular units. This achieves a more natural appearance by matching hair for hair through Follicular unit transplantation (FUT). Donor hair can be harvested in two", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 13 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7607349", "chunk_text": "\"Hair transplantation\"\ndonor hair on the chest, back, shoulders, torso and/or legs. Body hair transplant surgery can only be performed by the FUE harvesting method and, so, requires the skills of an experienced FUE surgeon. However, there are several factors for a potential BHT candidate to consider prior to surgery. These include understanding the natural difference in textural characteristics between body hair and scalp hair, growth rates, and having realistic expectations about the results of BHT surgery. Advances in wound care allow for semi-permeable dressing, which allow seepage of blood and tissue fluid, to be applied and changed at least daily. The", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 14 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6959183", "chunk_text": "\"Hair loss\"\ncarried out under local anaesthetic. A surgeon will move healthy hair from the back and sides of the head to areas of thinning. The procedure can take between four and eight hours, and additional sessions can be carried out to make hair even thicker. Transplanted hair falls out within a few weeks, but regrows permanently within months. Hair transplants, takes tiny plugs of skin, each which contains a few hairs, and implants the plugs into bald sections. The plugs are generally taken from the back or sides of the scalp. Several transplant sessions may be necessary. Hypothermia caps may be", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 15 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9571433", "chunk_text": "\"Hair prosthesis\"\nHair prosthesis A hair prosthesis (or cranial prosthesis) is a custom-made wig specifically designed for patients who have lost their hair as a result of medical conditions or treatments, such as alopecia areata, alopecia totalis, trichotillomania, chemotherapy, or any other clinical disease or treatment resulting in hair loss. The terminology is used when applying for medical insurance or tax deduction status. Doctors have been prescribing these prostheses since the 1950s. Cranial prostheses also help to protect disease-weakened immune systems from the sun, and to regulate body temperature. Cranial hair prostheses have advanced due to technology. A cranial hair prosthesis is", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 16 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7607352", "chunk_text": "\"Hair transplantation\"\nuse of both scalp flaps, in which a band of tissue with its original blood supply is shifted to the continue bald area, and free grafts dates back to the 19th century. In 1897, Menahem Hodara successfully implanted hair taken from the unaffected areas of the scalp on to the scars that were left bald by favus. Modern transplant techniques began in Japan in the 1930s, where surgeons used small grafts, and even \"\"follicular unit grafts\"\" to replace damaged areas of eyebrows or lashes, but not to treat baldness. Their efforts did not receive worldwide attention at the time, and", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 17 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7607351", "chunk_text": "\"Hair transplantation\"\ngrow from the moved follicles. The patient's hair will grow normally, and continue to thicken through the next six to nine months. Any subsequent hair loss is likely to be only from untreated areas. Some patients elect to use medications to retard such loss, while others plan a subsequent transplant procedure to deal with this eventuality. Hair thinning, known as \"\"shock loss\"\", is a common side effect that is usually temporary. Bald patches are also common, as fifty to a hundred hairs can be lost each day. Post-operative hiccups have also been seen in around 5% of transplant patients. The", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 18 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13496483", "chunk_text": "\"Follicular unit transplantation\"\nallows a hair transplant surgeon to transplant large numbers of grafts in each session: Follicular unit transplantation Follicular unit transplantation (FUT) is a hair restoration technique, also known as the strip procedure, where a patient's hair is transplanted in naturally occurring groups of 1 to 4 hairs, called follicular units. Follicular units also contain sebaceous (oil) glands, nerves, a small muscle, and occasional fine vellus hairs. In follicular unit transplantation, these small units allow the surgeon to safely transplant thousands of grafts in a single session, which maximizes the cosmetic impact of the procedure. FUT is considered an advance over", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 19 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19762566", "chunk_text": "Scalp\nthe scalp to the meninges, which could lead to meningitis. All the current hair transplantation techniques utilize the patient's existing hair. The aim of the surgical procedure is to use such hair as efficiently as possible. The right candidates for this type of surgery are individuals who still have healthy hair on the sides and the back of the head in order that hair for the transplant may be harvested from those areas. Different techniques are utilized in order to obtain the desired cosmetic results; factors considered may include hair color, texture, curliness, etc. The most utilized technique is the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 20 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6602466", "chunk_text": "\"Pattern hair loss\"\nsurgically implanted in the scalp in close proximity and in large numbers. The grafts are obtained from either follicular unit transplantation (FUT) or follicular unit extraction (FUE). In the former, a strip of skin with follicular units is extracted and dissected into individual follicular unit grafts, and in the latter individual hairs are extracted manually or robotically (with the FDA cleared ARTAS system). The surgeon then implants the grafts into small incisions, called recipient sites. Cosmetic scalp tattoos can also mimic the appearance of a short, buzzed haircut. Many people use unproven treatments. Regarding female pattern alopecia, there is no", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 21 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7607355", "chunk_text": "\"Hair transplantation\"\nto replace the plug technique, and Carlos Uebel in Brazil popularized using large numbers of small grafts, while in the United States William Rassman began using thousands of “micrografts” in a single session. In the late 1980s, B.L. Limmer introduced the use of the stereo-microscope to dissect a single donor strip into small micrografts. The follicular unit hair transplant procedure has continued to evolve, becoming more refined and minimally invasive as the size of the graft incisions have become smaller. These smaller and less invasive incisions enable surgeons to place a larger number of follicular unit grafts into a given", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 22 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20910438", "chunk_text": "\"Hair cloning\"\nhair cloning was Intercytex. Researchers at the company were convinced that their approach was the cure for baldness, and if the technology is fully developed, they can basically eliminate hair loss due to hereditary factors. This therapy would also eliminate the need for donor hair, as it can be simply grown from the patient's own cells. Intercytex tried to clone new hair follicles from the stem cells harvested from the back of the neck. They hoped that if they multiplied (cloned) the follicles and then implanted them back in the scalp in the bald areas they would be successful in", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 23 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1611957", "chunk_text": "\"Management of hair loss\"\nflutamide in women; however, it is associated with relatively high rates of liver problems. Like spironolactone, it is typically only used by women. Ketoconazole may help in women. Hair transplantation is a surgical technique that moves individual hair follicles from a part of the body called the donor site to bald or balding part of the body known as the recipient site. It is primarily used to treat male pattern baldness. In this condition, grafts containing hair follicles that are genetically resistant to balding are transplanted to bald scalp. It is also used to restore eyelashes, eyebrows, beard hair, chest", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 24 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8611094", "chunk_text": "\"Hair transplantation\"\ndonor dominance, Walter P. Unger, M.D. defined the parameters of the \"\"Safe Donor Zone\"\" from which the most permanent hair follicles could be extracted for hair transplantation. As transplanted hair will only grow in its new site for as long as it would have in its original one, these parameters continue to serve as the fundamental foundation for hair follicle harvesting, whether by strip method or FUE. For the next twenty years, surgeons worked on transplanting smaller grafts, but results were only minimally successful, with 2–4 mm \"\"plugs\"\" leading to a doll's head-like appearance. In the 1980s, strip excisions began", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 25 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8682217", "chunk_text": "\"Eyebrow restoration\"\nhair and eyebrow restoration surgery technique is follicular unit transplantation, which involves the removal of donor follicles from the back of the patient's head (where hair tends to be more permanent). The most advanced form of follicular unit surgery is with the robotic system. Once removed, the \"\"donor area\"\" is then stitched back up with no visible scarring. The donor follicles are then transplanted into the \"\"problem areas\"\" of the patient’s scalp. Eyebrow transplants are designed to restore growing hair to eyebrows that are overly thin, scarred, or completely missing. The absence of hair can be due to genetics, prior", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 26 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7607356", "chunk_text": "\"Hair transplantation\"\narea. With the new \"\"gold standard\"\" of ultra refined follicular unit hair transplantation, over 50 grafts can be placed per square centimeter, when appropriate for the patient. Surgeons have also devoted more attention to the angle and orientation of the transplanted grafts. The adoption of the “lateral slit” technique in the early 2000s, enabled hair transplant surgeons to orient 2 to 4 hair follicular unit grafts so that they splay out across the scalp's surface. This enabled the transplanted hair to lie better on the scalp and provide better coverage to the bald areas. One disadvantage however, is that lateral", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 27 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5087170", "chunk_text": "\"Hair follicle\"\noccurring groupings of one to four hairs, called follicular units, are extracted from the hair restoration patient and then surgically implanted in the balding area of the patient's scalp, known as the recipient area. These follicles are extracted from donor areas of the scalp, or other parts of the body, which are typically resistant to the miniaturization effects of the hormone DHT. It is this miniaturization of the hair shaft that is the primary predictive indicator of androgenetic alopecia, commonly referred to as male pattern baldness or male hair loss. When these DHT-resistant follicles are transplanted to the recipient area,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 28 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13496476", "chunk_text": "\"Follicular unit transplantation\"\nlook. In a properly-performed follicular unit transplant, the results will mimic the way hair grows in nature and will be undetectable as a hair transplant. In recent history FUT had been the most common procedure for hair restoration. As of 2017, the newer follicular unit extraction aka FUE procedure has become the most common procedure. Follicular unit transplantation uses follicular units to accomplish a number of objectives critical to the hair restoration process: Since the follicular unit is a distinct anatomic and physiologic entity, preserving it intact during the graft dissection is felt to maximize growth. In FUT, after hair", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 29 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1611959", "chunk_text": "\"Management of hair loss\"\ndifferent ways. Small grafts of naturally-occurring units of one to four hairs, called follicular units, can be moved to balding areas of the hair restoration. These follicular units are surgically implanted in the scalp in very close proximity to one another and in large numbers. The grafts are obtained in one or both of the two primary methods of surgical extraction, follicular unit transplantation, colloquially referred to as \"\"strip harvesting\"\", or Follicular Unit Extraction (FUE), in which follicles are transplanted individually. In FUT, a strip of skin containing many follicular units is extracted from the patient and dissected under a", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 30 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11038519", "chunk_text": "\"Management of hair loss\"\nstereoscopic microscope. The site of the strip removal is stitched closed. Once divided into follicular unit grafts, each unit is individually inserted into small recipient sites made by an incision in the bald scalp. In the newer technique, roots are extracted from the donor area and divided into strips for transplantation. The strip, two to three millimeters thick, is isolated and transplanted to the bald scalp. After surgery, a bandage is worn for two days to protect the stitched strip during healing. A small strip scar remains after healing, which can be covered by scalp hair growing over the scar.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 31 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20501207", "chunk_text": "\"Hair cloning\"\nHair cloning Hair multiplication or hair cloning is a proposed technique to counter hair loss. The technology to clone hair is not yet available. Many millions of dollars were put into research on the subject by Aderans, but they have stopped researching it. Experts previously assumed that in the case of complete baldness, follicles are completely absent from the scalp, so they cannot be regenerated. However it was discovered that the follicles are not entirely absent, as there are stem cells in the bald scalp from which the follicles naturally arise. Abnormal behavior of these follicles is suggested to be", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 32 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8611079", "chunk_text": "\"Hair transplantation\"\nunit extraction (FUE). At an initial consultation, the surgeon analyzes the patient's scalp, discusses their preferences and expectations, and advises them on the best approach (e.g. single vs. multiple sessions) and what results might reasonably be expected. Pre-operative folliscopy will help to know the actual existing density of hair, so that postoperative results of newly transplanted hair grafts can be accurately assessed. Some patients may benefit with preoperative topical minoxidil application and vitamins. For several days prior to surgery the patient refrains from using any medicines which might result in intraoperative bleeding and resultant poor grafting. Alcohol and smoking can", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 33 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13496480", "chunk_text": "\"Follicular unit transplantation\"\ndensity, the transplant surgeon will produce a thinner look, but will allow proper conservation of donor hair for future procedures. The key to a natural appearing hair transplant is to have the hair emerge from perfectly normal skin, so minimizing trauma to the scalp is an important aspect of follicular unit transplantation. This can be accomplished by trimming away the excess tissue around the follicular units and then inserting them into small recipient sites on the patient's scalp. Follicular units are relatively compact structures, but are surrounded by substantial amounts of non-hair bearing skin. This extra tissue can be removed", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 34 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20824050", "chunk_text": "\"Multiple follicular unit grafts\"\nwhen surgeons began to use much smaller grafts called minigrafts and micrografts which produced better, natural looking results. Today’s prevailing technique is a follicular unit transplant (FUT). Follicular unit transplants require the separation of follicles in their natural groupings. Under a microscope the hair in the donor area can be seen growing in patterns of 1, 2, 3 and 4 hairs. Most common are the 1, 2 and 3 hair groupings. Micrografts or single hair grafts are placed in the frontal hairline while FU Grafts containing 2 to 4 hairs are placed behind the hairline. Results with this technique are", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 35 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7607353", "chunk_text": "\"Hair transplantation\"\nthe traumas of World War II kept their advances isolated for another two decades. The modern era of hair transplantation in the western world was ushered in the late 1950s, when New York dermatologist Norman Orentreich began to experiment with free donor grafts to balding areas in patients with male pattern baldness. Previously it had been thought that transplanted hair would thrive no more than the original hair at the \"\"recipient\"\" site. Orentreich demonstrated that such grafts were \"\"donor dominant,\"\" as the new hairs grew and lasted just as they would have at their original home. Advancing the theory of", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 36 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9571434", "chunk_text": "\"Hair prosthesis\"\ndifferent from a regular wig. Cranial hair prosthesis is done in several steps that include the taking of the cranial perimeter mold to achieve a perfect fit. The mold is done at the base where the hair is attached. The base is made using a hypoallergenic fabric because people having chemotherapy are usually very sensitive to any material, and their scalp is prone to allergies. The same is done when applying the hair to the base. The technique used to attach the hair is focused on avoiding that the knotting touches the scalp. Hair prosthesis A hair prosthesis (or cranial", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 37 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7607346", "chunk_text": "\"Hair transplantation\"\nstrip harvesting is that FUE harvesting negates the need for large areas of scalp tissue to be harvested, so there is no linear incision on the back of the head and it doesn't leave a linear scar. Because individual follicles are removed, only small, punctate scars remain which are virtually not visible and any post-surgical pain and discomfort is minimized. As no suture removal is required, recovery from Micro Grafting FUE is less than 7 days. Disadvantages include increased surgical times and higher cost to the patient. It is challenging for new surgeons because the procedure is physically demanding and", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 38 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8682218", "chunk_text": "\"Eyebrow restoration\"\nelectrolysis or laser hair removal, over-plucking, thyroid or other hormonal abnormalities, or trauma due to surgery, burns or other types of accidents. The donor hairs come from the scalp which, when transplanted into the eyebrows, continue to grow for a lifetime and therefore need to be trimmed typically once a month. To provide a natural appearance, the hairs are transplanted primarily one and occasionally two at a time, the natural way eyebrow hairs grow. This is a very delicate procedure, requiring perfect placement of these hairs into tiny (half-millimeter) incisions that are angled at just the right direction and positioned", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 39 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6344601", "chunk_text": "Eyebrow\nmore common for men to pluck part of their eyebrows. To create a fuller look, eyebrows can be cloned in an eyebrow transplant. Individual strands of the eyebrow are created to mimic a natural-looking eyebrow of the desired shape. The process of eyebrow transplant is quite similar to the process of hair transplant. In this process as well, follicles from an active area are transferred to the area where there are no hairs. Follicles are mostly taken from the back of the head because it is the best harvesting site when it comes to hairs. The follicles are then injected", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 40 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15950431", "chunk_text": "\"Koray Erdoğan\"\nfollicles are extracted one by one, and then transferred directly to the recipient area individually under local anesthesia. During the surgical procedure, the individual hair follicles are extracted directly from the donor area using tiny punches. They are then quality checked, and immediately placed in micro-sized slits within the recipient (balding) area, resulting in less damage to the scalp, and less scarring. The technique also shortens the time of transfer of the grafts from the donor area to the recipient area, thereby protecting the integrity of the graft. Graft Calculator is an application that provides the opportunity to calculate and", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 41 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7607345", "chunk_text": "\"Hair transplantation\"\nmore time consuming than strip surgery. An FUE surgery time varies according to the surgeons experience, speed in harvesting and patient characteristics. The procedue can take anywhere from a couple hours to extract 200 grafts for a scar correction to a surgery over two consecutive days for a megasession of 2,500 to 3,000 grafts. With the FUE Hair Transplant procedure there are restrictions on patient candidacy. Clients are selected for FUE based on a fox test, though there is some debate about the usefulness of this in screening clients for FUE. FUE can give very natural results. The advantage over", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 42 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2820800", "chunk_text": "\"Follicular unit extraction\"\nFollicular unit extraction Follicular unit extraction (FUE), also known as follicular transfer (FT), is one of two primary methods of obtaining hair follicles, naturally occurring groups of one to four hairs, for hair transplantation. The other method is called strip harvesting. The follicular units obtained by either method are the basic building blocks of follicular unit transplantation (FUT). Follicular unit extraction was first described in 1988 by Masumi Inaba in Japan, who introduced the use of a 1-mm needle for extracting follicular units. Follicular unit extraction takes considerable time and expense to learn and to develop skills to a high", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 43 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "767210", "chunk_text": "\"Multiple follicular unit grafts\"\ninstrument, but instead are modern day slit grafts harvested from a thin donor strip in the back of the head and separated under magnification. Norman Orentreich, a dermatologist in New York City, is credited for popularizing the modern hair transplant of the 20th century. In 1952, he used a punch biopsy instrument to harvest large round 4 mm grafts from the donor area which were to be transplanted into punch graft sites in the patient's balding area. Although Dr. Orentreich’s pioneering research advanced hair transplantation, the results were unnatural, \"\"pluggy\"\" and extremely sparse. In the 1980s, hair transplantation techniques improved", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 44 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20501208", "chunk_text": "\"Hair cloning\"\nthe result of progenitor cell deficiency in these areas. The basic idea of hair cloning is that healthy follicle cells or dermal papillae can be extracted from the subject from areas that are not bald and are not suffering hair loss, they can be multiplied (cloned) by various culturing methods and the newly produced cells can be injected back in the bald scalp, where they would act healthy and produce hair. This technique however is still in research phase, it is not used in hair clinics yet nor is widely known. One of the first companies to begin experiment with", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 45 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13496477", "chunk_text": "\"Follicular unit transplantation\"\nis removed from the back of the scalp in a single strip, stereo-microscopic dissection allows the individual follicular units to be removed from this strip without being damaged. In the older mini-micrografting techniques, hair was harvested in multiple strips with the follicular units in each strip edge showing damage from the harvesting blades. The strips were then cut into smaller pieces, a process that would break up follicular units and risk additional damage to the follicles. Follicular Unit Transplantation enables the hair transplant to look natural both at the individual follicular unit level and in regards to the overall graft", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 46 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18470379", "chunk_text": "\"Hair care\"\nHair care Hair care is an overall term for hygiene and cosmetology involving the hair which grows from the human scalp, and to a lesser extent facial, pubic and other body hair. Hair care routines differ according to an individual's culture and the physical characteristics of one's hair. Hair may be colored, trimmed, shaved, plucked or otherwise removed with treatments such as waxing, sugaring and threading. Hair care services are offered in salons, barbershops and day spas, and products are available commercially for home use. Laser hair removal and electrolysis are also available, though these are provided (in the US)", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 47 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2820804", "chunk_text": "\"Follicular unit extraction\"\nof microscopically dissected grafts. Follicular unit extraction Follicular unit extraction (FUE), also known as follicular transfer (FT), is one of two primary methods of obtaining hair follicles, naturally occurring groups of one to four hairs, for hair transplantation. The other method is called strip harvesting. The follicular units obtained by either method are the basic building blocks of follicular unit transplantation (FUT). Follicular unit extraction was first described in 1988 by Masumi Inaba in Japan, who introduced the use of a 1-mm needle for extracting follicular units. Follicular unit extraction takes considerable time and expense to learn and to develop", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 48 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20910446", "chunk_text": "\"Hair cloning\"\ndon't grow hair. The human skin samples were grafted on rats. After six weeks the cloned papillae cells formed brand new hair follicles which were able to grow hair. These are early results and as it is a new approach to hair cloning, several more studies and tests have to be conducted before they can move on to human testing. They also encountered new problems, such as that some of the newly grown hair appeared without pigmentation. Vancouver-based firm, RepliCel Life Sciences Inc. has been researching the replacing of hormone-compromised hair-follicle cells. In 2013, RepliCel created a partnership with cosmetics", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 49 } ]
test_3586	when was the last time anyone was on the moon?	n/a	[ "14 December 1972 UTC", "December 1972" ]	[]	n/a	n/a	n/a	[]	[ { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12602824", "chunk_text": "Moon\nby the Soviet Union's Luna 2, an unmanned spacecraft. The United States' NASA Apollo program achieved the only manned lunar missions to date, beginning with the first manned orbital mission by Apollo 8 in 1968, and six manned landings between 1969 and 1972, with the first being Apollo 11. These missions returned lunar rocks which have been used to develop a geological understanding of the Moon's origin, internal structure, and the Moon's later history. Since the Apollo 17 mission in 1972, the Moon has been visited only by unmanned spacecraft. Both the Moon's natural prominence in the earthly sky and", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 0 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6517996", "chunk_text": "\"Moon landing\"\nhave landed on the Moon. This was accomplished with two US pilot-astronauts flying a Lunar Module on each of six NASA missions across a 41-month period starting on 20 July 1969 UTC, with Neil Armstrong and Buzz Aldrin on Apollo 11, and ending on 14 December 1972 UTC with Gene Cernan and Jack Schmitt on Apollo 17. Cernan was the last to step off the lunar surface. All Apollo lunar missions had a third crew member who remained on board the Command Module. The last three missions had a rover for increased mobility. In order to go to the Moon,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 1 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6517991", "chunk_text": "\"Moon landing\"\nMoon landing A Moon landing is the arrival of a spacecraft on the surface of the Moon. This includes both manned and unmanned (robotic) missions. The first human-made object to reach the surface of the Moon was the Soviet Union's Luna 2 mission, on 13 September 1959. The United States' Apollo 11 was the first manned mission to land on the Moon, on 20 July 1969. There have been six manned U.S. landings (between 1969 and 1972) and numerous unmanned landings, with no soft landings happening from 22 August 1976 until 14 December 2013. To date, the United States is", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 2 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12748947", "chunk_text": "\"Exploration of the Moon\"\nrobot lunar rover to land on the Moon was the Soviet vessel Lunokhod 1 on November 17, 1970, as part of the Lunokhod programme. To date, the last human to stand on the Moon was Eugene Cernan, who as part of the mission Apollo 17, walked on the Moon in December 1972. \"\"See also:\"\" A full list of lunar Apollo astronauts. Moon rock samples were brought back to Earth by three Luna missions (Luna 16, 20, and 24) and the Apollo missions 11 through 17 (except Apollo 13, which aborted its planned lunar landing). From the mid-1960s to the mid-1970s", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 3 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6517992", "chunk_text": "\"Moon landing\"\nthe only country to have successfully conducted manned missions to the Moon, with the last departing the lunar surface in December 1972. After the unsuccessful attempt by the Luna 1 to land on the Moon in 1959, the Soviet Union performed the first hard (unpowered) Moon landing later that same year with the Luna 2 spacecraft, a feat the U.S. duplicated in 1962 with Ranger 4. Since then, twelve Soviet and U.S. spacecraft have used braking rockets to make soft landings and perform scientific operations on the lunar surface, between 1966 and 1976. In 1966 the USSR accomplished the first", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 4 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12324085", "chunk_text": "\"Moon landing\"\nnot only the large Descent Stages of the lunar landers left behind but also tracks of the astronauts' walking paths in the lunar dust. Moon landing A Moon landing is the arrival of a spacecraft on the surface of the Moon. This includes both manned and unmanned (robotic) missions. The first human-made object to reach the surface of the Moon was the Soviet Union's Luna 2 mission, on 13 September 1959. The United States' Apollo 11 was the first manned mission to land on the Moon, on 20 July 1969. There have been six manned U.S. landings (between 1969 and", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 5 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11730044", "chunk_text": "\"Apollo 17\"\ninvestigate the possibility of relatively new volcanic activity in the same area. Cernan, Evans, and Schmitt returned to Earth on December 19 after a 12-day mission. Apollo 17 is the most recent manned Moon landing and the most recent time humans travelled beyond low Earth orbit. It was also the first mission to have no one on board who had been a test pilot; X-15 test pilot Joe Engle lost the lunar module pilot assignment to Schmitt, a geologist. The mission broke several records: the longest moon landing, longest total extravehicular activities (moonwalks), largest lunar sample, and longest time in", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 6 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6517994", "chunk_text": "\"Moon landing\"\nseveral unmanned landing missions achieved the Lunar surface but were unsuccessful, including: Luna 15, Luna 18, and Luna 23 all crashed on landing; and the U.S. Surveyor 4 lost all radio contact only moments before its landing. More recently, other nations have crashed spacecraft on the surface of the Moon at speeds of around , often at precise, planned locations. These have generally been end-of-life lunar orbiters that, because of system degradations, could no longer overcome perturbations from lunar mass concentrations (\"\"masscons\"\") to maintain their orbit. Japan's lunar orbiter Hiten impacted the Moon's surface on 10 April 1993. The European", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 7 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15145239", "chunk_text": "Moon\nthe poles and bound into the lunar regolith. The post-Apollo era has also seen two rover missions: the final Soviet Lunokhod mission in 1973, and China's ongoing Chang'e 3 mission, which deployed its Yutu rover on 14 December 2013. The Moon remains, under the Outer Space Treaty, free to all nations to explore for peaceful purposes. The European spacecraft \"\"SMART-1\"\", the second ion-propelled spacecraft, was in lunar orbit from 15 November 2004 until its lunar impact on 3 September 2006, and made the first detailed survey of chemical elements on the lunar surface. The ambitious Chinese Lunar Exploration Program began", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 8 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6518053", "chunk_text": "\"Moon landing\"\nto solar radiation. Using LROC images, five of the six American flags are still standing and casting shadows at all of the sites, except Apollo 11. Astronaut Buzz Aldrin reported that the flag was blown over by the exhaust from the ascent engine during liftoff of Apollo 11. Launched on 24 January 1990, 11:46 UTC. At the end of its mission, the Japanese lunar orbiter Hiten was commanded to crash into the lunar surface and did so on 10 April 1993 at 18:03:25.7 UT (11 April 03:03:25.7 JST). Lunar Prospector was launched on 7 January 1998. The mission ended on", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 9 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6518058", "chunk_text": "\"Moon landing\"\nlanding since Luna 24 on 22 August 1976. Progress in space exploration has recently broadened the phrase \"\"moon landing\"\" to include other moons in the Solar System as well. The \"\"Huygens\"\" probe of the \"\"Cassini–Huygens\"\" mission to Saturn performed a successful unmanned moon landing on Titan in 2005. Similarly, the Soviet probe Phobos 2 came within of performing an unmanned moon landing on Mars' moon Phobos in 1989 before radio contact with that lander was suddenly lost. A similar Russian sample return mission called Fobos-Grunt (\"\"grunt\"\" means \"\"soil\"\" in Russian) launched in November 2011, but stalled in low Earth orbit.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 10 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13420221", "chunk_text": "\"Space exploration\"\nCrewed exploration of the Moon began in 1968 with the Apollo 8 mission that successfully orbited the Moon, the first time any extraterrestrial object was orbited by humans. In 1969, the Apollo 11 mission marked the first time humans set foot upon another world. Crewed exploration of the Moon did not continue for long, however. The Apollo 17 mission in 1972 marked the sixth landing and the most recent human visit there, and the next, Exploration Mission 2, is due to orbit the Moon in 2023. Robotic missions are still pursued vigorously. The exploration of Mars has been an important", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 11 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6518032", "chunk_text": "\"Moon landing\"\na small vial of ashes from the body of pioneer lunar scientist Eugene Shoemaker was delivered by the Lunar Prospector to the crater named in his honor – currently the only human remains on the Moon. Luna 10 became the first spacecraft to orbit the Moon on 3 April 1966. It is possible to aim a spacecraft from Earth so that it will loop around the Moon and return to Earth without entering lunar orbit, following the so-called free return trajectory. Such circumlunar loop missions are simpler than lunar orbit missions because rockets for lunar orbit braking and Earth return", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 12 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15145235", "chunk_text": "Moon\nthe Moon as the commander of the American mission Apollo 11 by first setting foot on the Moon at 02:56 UTC on 21 July 1969. An estimated 500 million people worldwide watched the transmission by the Apollo TV camera, the largest television audience for a live broadcast at that time. The Apollo missions 11 to 17 (except Apollo 13, which aborted its planned lunar landing) returned of lunar rock and soil in 2,196 separate samples. The American Moon landing and return was enabled by considerable technological advances in the early 1960s, in domains such as ablation chemistry, software engineering, and", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 13 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6518050", "chunk_text": "\"Moon landing\"\nApollo 12 lunar landings and rock returns had already taken place by then. In total, twenty-four U.S. astronauts have traveled to the Moon. Three have made the trip twice, and twelve have walked on its surface. Apollo 8 was a lunar-orbit-only mission, Apollo 10 included undocking and Descent Orbit Insertion (DOI), followed by LM staging to CSM redocking, while Apollo 13, originally scheduled as a landing, ended up as a lunar fly-by, by means of free return trajectory; thus, none of these missions made landings. Apollo 7 and Apollo 9 were Earth-orbit-only missions. Apart from the inherent dangers of manned", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 14 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12602914", "chunk_text": "Moon\nU.S. President George W. Bush on 14 January 2004 for a manned mission to the Moon by 2019 and the construction of a lunar base by 2024. The Constellation program was funded and construction and testing begun on a manned spacecraft and launch vehicle, and design studies for a lunar base. However, that program has been cancelled in favor of a manned asteroid landing by 2025 and a manned Mars orbit by 2035. India has also expressed its hope to send a manned mission to the Moon by 2020. On 28 February 2018, SpaceX, Vodafone, Nokia and Audi announced a", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 15 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10331412", "chunk_text": "\"Apollo program\"\n11\"\" (1996), \"\"From the Earth to the Moon\"\" (1998), \"\"The Dish\"\" (2000), \"\"Space Race\"\" (2005), \"\"Moonshot\"\" (2009), and \"\"First Man\"\" (2018). NASA reports Multimedia Apollo program The Apollo program, also known as Project Apollo, was the third United States human spaceflight program carried out by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA), which accomplished landing the first humans on the Moon from 1969 to 1972. First conceived during Dwight D. Eisenhower's administration as a three-man spacecraft to follow the one-man Project Mercury which put the first Americans in space, Apollo was later dedicated to President John F. Kennedy's national goal", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 16 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12748946", "chunk_text": "\"Exploration of the Moon\"\nthat a lunar lander would not sink into a thick layer of dust, as had been feared. The first artificial satellite of the Moon was the Soviet probe Luna 10, launched March 31, 1966. On December 24, 1968, the crew of Apollo 8, Frank Borman, James Lovell and William Anders, became the first human beings to enter lunar orbit and see the far side of the Moon in person. Humans first landed on the Moon on July 20, 1969. The first human to walk on the lunar surface was Neil Armstrong, commander of the U.S. mission Apollo 11. The first", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 17 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15145232", "chunk_text": "Moon\nwhich returned 0.3 kg total. Two pioneering robotic rovers landed on the Moon in 1970 and 1973 as a part of Soviet Lunokhod programme. Luna 24 was the last Soviet/Russian mission to the Moon. During the late 1950s at the height of the Cold War, the United States Army conducted a classified feasibility study that proposed the construction of a manned military outpost on the Moon called Project Horizon with the potential to conduct a wide range of missions from scientific research to nuclear Earth bombardment. The study included the possibility of conducting a lunar-based nuclear test. The Air Force,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 18 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4958921", "chunk_text": "\"Apollo 11 missing tapes\"\nthe tapes' disappearance. They also partially released newly enhanced footage obtained during the search. Lowry Digital completed the full moonwalk restoration project in late 2009. Apollo 11 was the spaceflight that landed the first two people on the Moon. Neil Armstrong became the first person to step onto the lunar surface on July 21, 1969, at 02:56 UTC; Buzz Aldrin joined him about 20 minutes later. Only limited radio bandwidth was available to transmit the video signal from the lunar landings, which needed to be multiplexed with other communication and telemetry channels beamed from the Lunar Module, back to Earth.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 19 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15145231", "chunk_text": "Moon\nescape Earth's gravity and pass near the Moon was \"\"Luna 1\"\"; the first human-made object to impact the lunar surface was \"\"Luna 2\"\", and the first photographs of the normally occluded far side of the Moon were made by \"\"Luna 3\"\", all in 1959. The first spacecraft to perform a successful lunar soft landing was \"\"Luna 9\"\" and the first unmanned vehicle to orbit the Moon was \"\"Luna 10\"\", both in 1966. Rock and soil samples were brought back to Earth by three \"\"Luna\"\" sample return missions (\"\"Luna 16\"\" in 1970, \"\"Luna 20\"\" in 1972, and \"\"Luna 24\"\" in 1976),", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 20 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11940699", "chunk_text": "\"Harrison Schmitt\"\nHarrison Schmitt Harrison Hagan \"\"Jack\"\" Schmitt (born July 3, 1935) is an American geologist, retired NASA astronaut, university professor, former U.S. senator from New Mexico, and the most recent living person to have walked on the Moon. He is also the last living crew member of Apollo 17. In December 1972, as one of the crew on board Apollo 17, Schmitt became the first member of NASA's first scientist-astronaut group to fly in space. As Apollo 17 was the last of the Apollo missions, he also became the twelfth and second-youngest person to set foot on the Moon, and the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 21 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2499740", "chunk_text": "\"Gene Cernan\"\nGene Cernan Eugene Andrew Cernan (; March 14, 1934 – January 16, 2017) was an American astronaut, naval aviator, electrical engineer, aeronautical engineer, and fighter pilot. During the Apollo 17 mission, Cernan became the eleventh person to walk on the Moon. Since he re-entered the lunar module after Harrison Schmitt on their third and final lunar excursion, he is the last person to have walked on the Moon. Cernan traveled into space three times; as pilot of Gemini 9A in June 1966, as lunar module pilot of Apollo 10 in May 1969, and as commander of Apollo 17 in December", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 22 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1924927", "chunk_text": "1960s\nthe Apollo 8 crew (Frank Borman, Jim Lovell, William Anders) being the first manned mission to orbit another celestial body (the moon) during Christmas of 1968. On 20 July 1969, Apollo 11, the first human spaceflight landed on the Moon. Launched on 16 July 1969, it carried mission Commander Neil Armstrong, Command Module Pilot Michael Collins, and the Lunar Module Pilot Buzz Aldrin. Apollo 11 fulfilled President John F. Kennedy's goal of reaching the moon by the end of the 1960s, which he had expressed during a speech given before a joint session of Congress on 25 May 1961: \"\"I", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 23 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12324060", "chunk_text": "\"Moon landing\"\naround the Moon before returning safely to Earth. Apollo 10 then performed a full dress rehearsal of a manned Moon landing in May 1969. This mission orbited within altitude above the lunar surface, performing necessary low-altitude mapping of trajectory-altering mascons using a factory prototype lunar module that was too overweight to allow a successful landing. With the failure of the unmanned Soviet sample return Moon landing attempt Luna 15 in July 1969, the stage was set for Apollo 11. Plans for manned Moon exploration originated during the Eisenhower administration. In a series of mid-1950s articles in \"\"Collier's\"\" magazine, Wernher von", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 24 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14246", "chunk_text": "\"Gene Cernan\"\nPilot Harrison Schmitt's recollections, were used by the band Public Service Broadcasting for the song \"\"Tomorrow\"\", the final track of their 2015 album \"\"The Race for Space\"\". Gene Cernan Eugene Andrew Cernan (; March 14, 1934 – January 16, 2017) was an American astronaut, naval aviator, electrical engineer, aeronautical engineer, and fighter pilot. During the Apollo 17 mission, Cernan became the eleventh person to walk on the Moon. Since he re-entered the lunar module after Harrison Schmitt on their third and final lunar excursion, he is the last person to have walked on the Moon. Cernan traveled into space three", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 25 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11790184", "chunk_text": "Earth\nwalked on the Moon. Normally, the only humans in space are those on the International Space Station. The station's crew, made up of six people, is usually replaced every six months. The farthest that humans have traveled from Earth is , achieved during the Apollo 13 mission in 1970. The Moon is a relatively large, terrestrial, planet-like natural satellite, with a diameter about one-quarter of Earth's. It is the largest moon in the Solar System relative to the size of its planet, although Charon is larger relative to the dwarf planet Pluto. The natural satellites of other planets are also", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 26 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13544323", "chunk_text": "\"Colonization of the Moon\"\nthe Apollo 12 mission landed next to the Surveyor 3 spacecraft, demonstrating precision landing capability. The use of a manned vehicle on the Moon's surface was demonstrated in 1971 with the Lunar Rover during Apollo 15. Apollo 16 made the first landing within the rugged lunar highlands. However, interest in further exploration of the Moon was beginning to wane among the American public. In 1972, Apollo 17 was the final Apollo lunar mission, and further planned missions were scrapped at the directive of President Nixon. Instead, focus was turned to the Space Shuttle and crewed missions in near Earth orbit.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 27 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12748954", "chunk_text": "\"Exploration of the Moon\"\nmade a Moon flyby on a night of 28 October 2014, after which it entered elliptical Earth orbit, exceeding its designed lifetime by four times. China launched on 7 December 2018 the Chang'e 4 mission to the lunar farside. Since the Chang'e 3 mission was a success, the backup lander Chang'e 4 was re-purposed for the new mission goals. Following the abandoned US Constellation program, plans for manned flights followed by moonbases were declared by Russia, Europe (ESA), China, Japan and India. All of them intend to continue the exploration of Moon with more unmanned spacecraft. China planned to conduct", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 28 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17954017", "chunk_text": "\"Far side of the Moon\"\n17 missions since that time, and photographed by multiple lunar probes. Spacecraft passing behind the Moon were out of direct radio communication with the Earth, and had to wait until the orbit allowed transmission. During the Apollo missions, the main engine of the Service Module was fired when the vessel was behind the Moon, producing some tense moments in Mission Control before the craft reappeared. Geologist-astronaut Harrison Schmitt, who became the last to step onto the Moon, had aggressively lobbied for his landing site to be on the far side of the Moon, targeting the lava-filled crater Tsiolkovskiy. Schmitt's ambitious", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 29 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6518063", "chunk_text": "\"Moon landing\"\nin 2014 and Astrobotic Technology plans to launch in the second half of 2016 with their own rover plus another team's lunar rovers from Hakuto. In 2019, a consortium of Vodafone, Audi and PT Scientists are planning a Moon landing. The mission is to launch a lander and two small rovers to the Moon from Cape Canaveral, Florida on a SpaceX Falcon 9 rocket during the 50th-anniversary year of NASA's Apollo 11 Moon landing. Nokia will assist to setup a LTE network to manage lunar terrestrial communication system of the mission. Many conspiracy theorists hold that the Apollo Moon landings", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 30 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13146669", "chunk_text": "\"Apollo 11\"\nApollo 11 Apollo 11 was the spaceflight that landed the first two people on the Moon. Commander Neil Armstrong and Lunar Module Pilot Buzz Aldrin, both American, landed the lunar module \"\"Eagle\"\" on July 20, 1969, at 20:17 UTC. Armstrong became the first person to step onto the lunar surface six hours after landing on July 21 at 02:56:15 UTC; Aldrin joined him about 20 minutes later. They spent about two and a quarter hours together outside the spacecraft, and collected of lunar material to bring back to Earth. Command Module Pilot Michael Collins piloted the command module \"\"Columbia\"\" alone", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 31 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12748948", "chunk_text": "\"Exploration of the Moon\"\nthere were 65 Moon landings (with 10 in 1971 alone), but after Luna 24 in 1976 they suddenly stopped. The Soviet Union started focusing on Venus and space stations and the U.S. on Mars and beyond, and on the Skylab and Space Shuttle programs. Before the Moon race the US had pre-projects for scientific and military moonbases: the Lunex Project and Project Horizon. Besides manned landings, the abandoned Soviet manned lunar programs included the building of a multipurpose moonbase \"\"Zvezda\"\", the first detailed project, complete with developed mockups of expedition vehicles and surface modules. In 1990 Japan visited the Moon", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 32 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15145234", "chunk_text": "Moon\nclose-up pictures; the Lunar Orbiter program produced maps of the entire Moon; the Surveyor program landed its first spacecraft four months after \"\"Luna 9\"\". The manned Apollo program was developed in parallel; after a series of unmanned and manned tests of the Apollo spacecraft in Earth orbit, and spurred on by a potential Soviet lunar flight, in 1968 Apollo 8 made the first manned mission to lunar orbit. The subsequent landing of the first humans on the Moon in 1969 is seen by many as the culmination of the Space Race. Neil Armstrong became the first person to walk on", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 33 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11940714", "chunk_text": "\"Harrison Schmitt\"\nastronauts featured in the documentary \"\"In the Shadow of the Moon\"\". He also contributed to the book \"\"NASA's Scientist-Astronauts\"\" by David Shayler and Colin Burgess. Harrison Schmitt Harrison Hagan \"\"Jack\"\" Schmitt (born July 3, 1935) is an American geologist, retired NASA astronaut, university professor, former U.S. senator from New Mexico, and the most recent living person to have walked on the Moon. He is also the last living crew member of Apollo 17. In December 1972, as one of the crew on board Apollo 17, Schmitt became the first member of NASA's first scientist-astronaut group to fly in space. As", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 34 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17384104", "chunk_text": "\"Moon landing conspiracy theories\"\nthat some of these have landed on the Earth as meteorites. However, the first Antarctic lunar meteorite was found in 1979, and its lunar origin was not recognized until 1982. Furthermore, lunar meteorites are so rare that it is unlikely that they could account for the 380 kilograms of Moon rocks that NASA gathered between 1969 and 1972. Only about 30 kilograms of lunar meteorites have been found on Earth thus far, despite private collectors and governmental agencies worldwide searching for more than 20 years. While the Apollo missions gathered 380 kilograms of Moon rocks, the Soviet Luna 16, Luna", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 35 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13544322", "chunk_text": "\"Colonization of the Moon\"\nthe Soviet leadership made some of its first public pronouncements about landing a man on the Moon and establishing a lunar base. Crewed exploration of the lunar surface began in 1968 when the Apollo 8 spacecraft orbited the Moon with three astronauts on board. This was mankind's first direct view of the far side. The following year, the Apollo 11 Apollo Lunar Module landed two astronauts on the Moon, proving the ability of humans to travel to the Moon, perform scientific research work there, and bring back sample materials. Additional missions to the Moon continued this exploration phase. In 1969,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 36 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9779886", "chunk_text": "NASA\na flight around the Moon in December 1968. Shortly before, the Soviets had sent an unmanned spacecraft around the Moon. On the next two missions docking maneuvers that were needed for the Moon landing were practiced and then finally the Moon landing was made on the Apollo 11 mission in July 1969. The first person to stand on the Moon was Neil Armstrong, who was followed by Buzz Aldrin, while Michael Collins orbited above. Five subsequent Apollo missions also landed astronauts on the Moon, the last in December 1972. Throughout these six Apollo spaceflights, twelve men walked on the Moon.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 37 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6518057", "chunk_text": "\"Moon landing\"\nlaunch, and GRAIL B followed about eight minutes later. The first probe entered orbit on 31 December 2011 and the second followed on 1 January 2012. The two spacecraft impacted the Lunar surface on 17 December 2012. LADEE was launched on 7 September 2013. The mission ended on 18 April 2014, when the spacecraft's controllers intentionally crashed LADEE into the far side of the Moon, which, later, was determined to be near the eastern rim of Sundman V crater. On 14 December 2013 at 13:12 UTC Chang'e 3 soft-landed a rover on the Moon. This was the first lunar soft", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 38 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11729900", "chunk_text": "\"Apollo 14\"\nApollo 14 Apollo 14 was the eighth manned mission in the United States Apollo program, and the third to land on the Moon. It was the last of the \"\"H missions,\"\" targeted landings with two-day stays on the Moon with two lunar EVAs, or moonwalks. Commander Alan Shepard, Command Module Pilot Stuart Roosa, and Lunar Module Pilot Edgar Mitchell launched on their nine-day mission on Sunday, January 31, 1971, at 4:03:02 p.m. EST. Liftoff was delayed forty minutes and two seconds, due to launch site weather restrictions, the first such delay in the Apollo program. Shepard and Mitchell made their", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 39 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12748951", "chunk_text": "\"Exploration of the Moon\"\nvery successful and ended up being extended for another four months. On March 1, 2009, Chang'e 1 was intentionally impacted on the lunar surface completing the 16-month mission. On October 1, 2010, China launched the Chang'e 2 lunar orbiter. China landed the rover Chang'e 3 on the Moon on December 14, 2013, became the third country to have done so. Chang'e 3 is the first spacecraft to soft-land on lunar surface since Luna 24 in 1976. India's national space agency, Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO), launched Chandrayaan-1, an unmanned lunar orbiter, on October 22, 2008. The lunar probe was originally", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 40 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11675703", "chunk_text": "\"Colonization of the Moon\"\nAs of 2016, Russia is planning to begin building a human colony on the moon by 2030. Initially, the Moon base would be crewed by no more than 4 people, with their number later rising to maximum of 12 people. Japan also has plans to land a man on the moon by 2030, while the People's Republic of China is currently planning to land a human on the Moon by 2036 (see Chinese Lunar Exploration Program). The United States currently (2017) has plans to send a crewed space mission to orbit (but not to land on) the Moon in 2021.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 41 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10434435", "chunk_text": "\"Gene Cernan\"\nstanding on the lunar surface: Cernan's status as the last person to walk on the Moon means Purdue University is the \"\"alma mater\"\" of both the first person to walk on the Moon—Neil Armstrong—and the most recent. Cernan is one of only three astronauts to travel to the Moon on two occasions; the others being Jim Lovell and John Young. , he is also one of only twelve people to have walked on the Moon. Apollo 10 holds the record for the highest speed attained by any manned vehicle at during its return from the Moon on May 26, 1969.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 42 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5164531", "chunk_text": "\"U.S. space exploration history on U.S. stamps\"\nthe multi-color Giori Press. Quantities issued totaled more than 187 million. The Apollo 11 mission landed the first humans on the Moon. Launched on July 16, 1969, the third lunar mission of NASA's Apollo Program was crewed by Commander Neil A. Armstrong, Command Module Pilot Michael Collins, and Lunar Module Pilot Edwin E. 'Buzz' Aldrin, Jr. On July 20, Armstrong and Aldrin became the first humans to walk on the Moon, while Collins orbited in the Command Module. The Apollo 11 mission reached President John F. Kennedy's goal of putting a man on the Moon's surface by the end of", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 43 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17384108", "chunk_text": "\"Moon landing conspiracy theories\"\nastronauts deployed a retroreflector on February 5, 1971, and McDonald Observatory detected it the same day. The Apollo 15 retroreflector was deployed on July 31, 1971, and was detected by McDonald Observatory within a few days. Smaller retroreflectors were also put on the Moon by the Russians; they were attached to the unmanned lunar rovers Lunokhod 1 and Lunokhod 2. In a 1994 poll by \"\"The Washington Post\"\", 9% of the respondents said that it was possible that astronauts did not go to the Moon and another 5% were unsure. A 1999 Gallup Poll found that 6% of the Americans", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 44 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15145250", "chunk_text": "Moon\nclaims ownership of any part of the Moon's surface. Russia and the U.S. are party to the 1967 Outer Space Treaty, which defines the Moon and all outer space as the \"\"province of all mankind\"\". This treaty also restricts the use of the Moon to peaceful purposes, explicitly banning military installations and weapons of mass destruction. The 1979 Moon Agreement was created to restrict the exploitation of the Moon's resources by any single nation, but as of November 2016, it has been signed and ratified by only 18 nations, none of which engages in self-launched human space exploration or has", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 45 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6518064", "chunk_text": "\"Moon landing\"\nwere a hoax; however, empirical evidence is readily available to show that manned Moon landings did occur. Anyone on Earth with an appropriate laser and telescope system can bounce laser beams off three retroreflector arrays left on the Moon by Apollo 11, 14 and 15, verifying deployment of the Lunar Laser Ranging Experiment at historically documented Apollo Moon landing sites and so proving equipment constructed on Earth was successfully transported to the surface of the Moon. In addition, in August 2009 NASA's Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter began to send back high resolution photos of the Apollo landing sites. These photos show", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 46 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12115437", "chunk_text": "\"Apollo Lunar Module\"\nThe first manned lunar landing occurred on July 20, 1969 with the Apollo 11 LM \"\"Eagle\"\". Four days later, the Apollo 11 crew in the Command Module \"\"Columbia\"\" splashed down in the Pacific Ocean, completing President John F. Kennedy's goal \"\"before this decade is out, of landing a man on the Moon and returning him safely to the Earth.\"\" This was followed by precision landings on Apollo 12 \"\"(Intrepid)\"\" and Apollo 14 \"\"(Antares)\"\".In April 1970, the Apollo 13 lunar module \"\"Aquarius\"\" played an unexpected role in saving the lives of the three astronauts after an oxygen tank in the service", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 47 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14480547", "chunk_text": "\"Apollo 11\"\nCongressional Gold Medal, the highest civilian award in the United States. The bill was sponsored by Florida Senator Bill Nelson and Florida Representative Alan Grayson. A group of British scientists interviewed as part of the anniversary events reflected on the significance of the Moon landing: Apollo 11 Apollo 11 was the spaceflight that landed the first two people on the Moon. Commander Neil Armstrong and Lunar Module Pilot Buzz Aldrin, both American, landed the lunar module \"\"Eagle\"\" on July 20, 1969, at 20:17 UTC. Armstrong became the first person to step onto the lunar surface six hours after landing on", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 48 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14478414", "chunk_text": "\"Apollo program\"\na total of over 20 hours EVA. Apollo 17 was the last of the Apollo program, landing in the Taurus–Littrow region in December 1972. Eugene Cernan commanded Ronald E. Evans and NASA's first scientist-astronaut, geologist Dr. Harrison H. Schmitt. Schmitt was originally scheduled for Apollo 18, but the lunar geological community lobbied for his inclusion on the final lunar landing. Cernan and Schmitt stayed on the surface for just over three days and spent just over 23 hours of total EVA. Source: \"\"Apollo by the Numbers: A Statistical Reference\"\" (Orloff 2004) The Apollo program returned over of lunar rocks and", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 49 } ]
test_3587	where does what in the sam hill come from?	n/a	[ "simple bowdlerization" ]	[]	n/a	n/a	n/a	[]	[ { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8345930", "chunk_text": "\"Samuel Hill\"\nMaryhill, Washington. Sam Hill was born into a Quaker family in Deep River, North Carolina. His family was displaced by the American Civil War and Sam grew up after the war in Minneapolis, Minnesota. Hill graduated from Haverford College in 1878 (also his father's alma mater). At Haverford he studied Latin, Greek, French, and German as well as mathematics, science, English literature, logic, rhetoric, and political science. He attended Harvard University for a year to receive a second bachelor's degree in 1879. At Harvard he continued his Latin and history (\"\"\"\"Colonial History of America\"\"\"\" under Henry Cabot Lodge) and studied", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 0 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13254709", "chunk_text": "\"Samuel W Hill\"\nthe cuss words. Eventually, the phrase \"\"What in Sam Hill?\"\" spread beyond the Keweenaw Peninsula to become part of the American language. Samuel W. Hill married Susan A. Warren, July 16, 1851. Miss Warren was a pioneer school teacher in the Upper Peninsula, and established the first school in the Keweenaw region. The Hills were to make their home in Marshall, Michigan. Hill later served in the Michigan legislature, being twice elected. Samuel W Hill Samuel W. Hill, (November 6, 1815 – August 28, 1889) was an American surveyor, geologist and mining developer in Michigan's Copper Country. Samuel Worth Hill", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 1 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3100061", "chunk_text": "\"A Ram Sam Sam\"\nA Ram Sam Sam \"\"A Ram Sam Sam (A rum sum sum)\"\" is a popular children's song and game which originated in Morocco, brought to Israel by immigrants in the 1950s. In certain later recordings, other variants were used like \"\"Aram\"\" instead of \"\"A Ram\"\" and \"\"Zam Zam\"\" instead of \"\"Sam Sam\"\". The song's lyrics are usually: When not played as a game, this song can also be (and very frequently is) sung as a round. The game is played by a group of children. The song is sung by the group leader and the participants should perform several actions", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 2 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18441779", "chunk_text": "Samp\nSamp Samp is a South African food consisting of dried corn kernels that have been stamped and chopped until broken but not as fine as Mealie-meal or mielie rice. The coating around the kernel loosens and is removed during the pounding and stamping process. It is used in the Xhosa variant of Umngqusho and sometimes eaten with Chakalaka. It can also be served with beef, lamb, poultry and in stuffings. According to the American Heritage dictionary (4th edition), \"\"samp\"\" is of Native American origin, coming from the Narragansett word \"\"nasàump.\"\" New Englanders since early colonial times have referred to cornmeal", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 3 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2811151", "chunk_text": "\"Long Sam\"\nLong Sam Long Sam is an American comic strip created by Al Capp, writer-artist of \"\"Li'l Abner\"\", and illustrated by Bob Lubbers. It was syndicated by United Feature Syndicate from 1954 to 1962. The strip was initially written by Capp, who soon turned the duties over to his brother, Elliot Caplin. Lubbers eventually assumed the writing duties himself in the strip's final phase. \"\"Long Sam\"\" was, like \"\"Li'l Abner\"\", a hillbilly strip, though based on a female character. The title character, Sam, was a tall, voluptuous, naive mountain girl who had been raised in a hidden valley away from civilization", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 4 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2811153", "chunk_text": "\"Long Sam\"\nLyon. Long Sam Long Sam is an American comic strip created by Al Capp, writer-artist of \"\"Li'l Abner\"\", and illustrated by Bob Lubbers. It was syndicated by United Feature Syndicate from 1954 to 1962. The strip was initially written by Capp, who soon turned the duties over to his brother, Elliot Caplin. Lubbers eventually assumed the writing duties himself in the strip's final phase. \"\"Long Sam\"\" was, like \"\"Li'l Abner\"\", a hillbilly strip, though based on a female character. The title character, Sam, was a tall, voluptuous, naive mountain girl who had been raised in a hidden valley away from", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 5 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10492747", "chunk_text": "\"Samuel Wilson\"\nnot clear whether this reference is to Uncle Sam as a metaphor for the United States. The lyrics as a whole clearly deride the military efforts of the young nation, besieging the British at Boston. This is the 13th stanza: Old Uncle Sam come then to change / Some pancakes and some onions, / For \"\"lasses\"\" cakes, to carry home / To give his wife and young ones. Samuel Wilson Samuel Wilson (September 13, 1766 – July 31, 1854) was a meat packer from Troy, New York whose name is purportedly the source of the personification of the United States", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 6 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3100062", "chunk_text": "\"A Ram Sam Sam\"\nduring certain lyrics, usually: A version of the song by Liverpool folk group The Spinners, who claimed to have learned the song from an Israeli singer and that the words were in Aramaic, had the following lyrics: The translation they gave was \"\"Get up on your horse and gallop away\"\". When they performed the song, the group would make it an audience-participation song, splitting the audience into two halves and encouraging them to sing it as a round. A Ram Sam Sam \"\"A Ram Sam Sam (A rum sum sum)\"\" is a popular children's song and game which originated in", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 7 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19069650", "chunk_text": "\"Sam Mills (company)\"\nSam Mills (company) Sam Mills is a major Romanian and European food company founded in 1994 in Satu Mare, Romania, and is specialised in the processing of grains, especially corn and wheat, producing bakery products, vegetable oil, pastas and water. The company is structured into three branches including Sam Mills (the mill), Arpis (pasta and vegetable oil distribution) and Sam Trade (with five subsidiaries). It controls Sam Mills (flour, pasta and vegetable oil producer), Arpis (distribution), Sam Trade (export company), Sam Gida (Turkey and CIS), Sam Trade UK (UK), Sam Trade DE (Germany) and Sam Mills LLC (United States). Sam", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 8 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11984857", "chunk_text": "\"Sams River\"\nname is not certain. There are two stories about it. According to one story the name comes from Harry and Sam Sams, who were members of an important Quinault family. Every autumn they poled their dugout canoes up the Queets River to Sams Rapids and the mouth of Sams River, where they hunted elk and caught salmon, which they smoked and sold to settlers. Some historians think the name is derived from the word \"\"sams\"\" or \"\"samis\"\", a shortened form of \"\"Samms-mish\"\", a prominent Quinault tribal group which once lived along Sams River. Sams River Sams River is a river", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 9 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17373623", "chunk_text": "\"Sam & Max Hit the Road\"\nthey discover that the ingredients are a vegetable resembling John Muir, hair restoration tonic, the tooth of a dinosaur, and a vortex contained within a snow globe. Combined with a live bigfoot sacrifice—which Max substitutes for frozen bigfoot-clad Bumpus and Harvey—the ingredients cause large trees to spring into existence, destroying towns and cities and covering the bulk of the west United States in forest. Content that their work is done, Sam and Max take the frozen ice block containing Bumpus and Harvey to the carnival. Believing that Bruno has been returned to them, the owners give a large reward of", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 10 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15935084", "chunk_text": "\"Sam Hide\"\nSam Hide Sam Hide (listed in some sources as Sam Hyde) is a historic or apocryphal character in the folklore of New England, used in the folk saying \"\"to lie like Sam Hide\"\". There is no record of the death of a Sam Hide in the records of Dedham, Massachusetts though he is said to have died in 1732, however Sam Hide is noted at age 105 at Dedham as being a \"\"sachem, chief or sagamore who first and last were, to a greater or less degree, land-holders, and leaders of the multifarious tribes of New England\"\". Hide was said", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 11 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12690419", "chunk_text": "\"Samuel Wilson\"\nSamuel Wilson Samuel Wilson (September 13, 1766 – July 31, 1854) was a meat packer from Troy, New York whose name is purportedly the source of the personification of the United States known as \"\"Uncle Sam\"\". Samuel was born in the historic town of Arlington, Massachusetts (known as Menotomy at the time, township of West Cambridge), to parents Edward and Lucy Wilson. Samuel Wilson is a descendant of one of the oldest families of Boston, Massachusetts. Through direct heritance of his grandfather, Robert Wilson, originally from Greenock, Scotland, he was Scottish with a Massachusetts background. As a boy, he moved", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 12 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2666077", "chunk_text": "\"Lake Norman\"\nLong Sam. Long Sam being a girl featured in a newspaper comic win the mid-50s that featured a country bumpkin placed in a non-bumpkin world. The comic created by Al Capp, featured a tall, voluptuous naïve mountain girl who was raised hidden from The comparison is due to her beauty and also the perception they had of her as a country bumpkin. The girl herself is named Jimmy but due to one of her brothers later being named Jim, she is now called Dorothy, Dorothy Brown. What she wants more than anything however is high school education, since she said,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 13 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9440071", "chunk_text": "\"Yosemite Sam\"\nYosemite Sam Yosemite Sam is an American animated cartoon character in the \"\"Looney Tunes\"\" and \"\"Merrie Melodies\"\" series of cartoons produced by Warner Bros. Animation. The name is somewhat alliterative and is inspired by Yosemite National Park. Along with Elmer Fudd, he is the de facto archenemy of Bugs Bunny. He is commonly depicted as an extremely aggressive gunslinging prospector, outlaw, pirate, or cowboy with a hair-trigger temper and an intense hatred of rabbits, Bugs particularly. In cartoons with non-Western themes, he uses various aliases, including \"\"Chilkoot Sam\"\" (named for the Chilkoot Trail; Sam pronounces it \"\"Chilli-koot\"\") in \"\"14 Carrot", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 14 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13774304", "chunk_text": "\"Uncle Sam\"\nthat uncle Sam, as they call him, would certainly forever have lost the services of at least one sailor. The precise origin of the Uncle Sam character is unclear, but a popular legend is that the name \"\"Uncle Sam\"\" was derived from Samuel Wilson, a meatpacker from Troy, New York who supplied rations for American soldiers during the War of 1812. There was a requirement at the time for contractors to stamp their name and where the rations came from onto the food they were sending. Wilson's packages were labeled \"\"E.A – US.\"\" When someone asked what that stood for,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 15 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "101006", "chunk_text": "\"Samuel Hill\"\nacross the Columbia River was named the Sam Hill Memorial Bridge. Sam Hill was also a strong advocate of better roads for Japan, and of Japanese-American friendship, which earned him the Third Class Order of the Sacred Treasure in 1922. Sam Hill built two notable monuments and an art museum, and purchased the private Minneapolis Athenaeum and donated it to the city. The Stonehenge replica at Maryhill commemorates the dead of World War I. It was built by Hill as a reminder that in the present day people are still being sacrificed to the god of war. Hill began to", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 16 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15510672", "chunk_text": "\"Samuel Hill\"\n27 December 1914). Her mother was Annie Laurie Whelan, Sam's secretary at the Home Telephone Company. Elizabeth was legitimized by her mother's marriage of convenience to a German-Swiss man named Henry Ehrens. He soon returned permanently to Europe and they were granted a divorce in 1918. Sam Hill's last child was Sam Bettle Hill (born August 1928, died 1997) son by Mona Bell, a flamboyant bareback rider turned reporter; who allegedly appeared in Buffalo Bill Cody's Wild West Show. The year before their child was born, Sam bought Bell on the Columbia River and built her a 22 room house,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 17 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9440076", "chunk_text": "\"Yosemite Sam\"\nhis camel in the head twice for not stopping; saying \"\"When I say 'whoa', I mean whoa!\"\", at which time, the camel's hump shrinks and a lump of similar size rises from the camel's head. Other characters with Sam-like features appear in several \"\"Looney Tunes\"\" shorts. The Bugs Bunny entry \"\"Super-Rabbit\"\" (1943) features the cowboy character \"\"Cottontail Smith\"\", whose voice is nearly similar to Sam. \"\"Stage Door Cartoon\"\" (1944), however, features a southern sheriff character that looks and sounds similar to Sam, except for a more defined Southern stereotype to his voice. In a Daffy Duck cartoon called \"\"Along Came", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 18 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "874903", "chunk_text": "\"Samuel Hill\"\na golf course and a large, simple restaurant at Semiahmoo, just north of the U.S.–Canada border and Hill's Peace Arch. The restaurant was basically an early fast food establishment. During Prohibition the restaurant benefited from being on the Canadian side of the border, where alcoholic beverages could be served legally. Sam Hill devoted much attention to advocating construction of modern roads in Washington and Oregon. In September 1899 Hill created the Washington State Good Roads Association which persuaded the Washington State Legislature to create the Washington State Department of Transportation in 1905. He also advocated the use of convict labor", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 19 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6002782", "chunk_text": "\"Yosemite Sam (shortwave)\"\nTunes: the phrase frequently repeated by Bugs Bunny, \"\"I knew I should have taken that left turn at Albuquerque.\"\" Two amateur radio operators claim to have tracked down the source of Yosemite Sam in February 2005 as being located at the \"\"MATIC Center\"\" in Laguna, New Mexico, a factory owned by \"\"Laguna Industries\"\". As they took pictures of the site they were approached by security guards and left. Three hours later the radio transmission allegedly stopped. Yosemite Sam (shortwave) Yosemite Sam is the nickname given by DXers to a number station that first surfaced on December 19, 2004. It transmits", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 20 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1851898", "chunk_text": "\"Sam the Skull\"\neating vampire bats: Sam the Skull Sam the Skull is a fictional cat, said to roam around Glasgow, Scotland, most famously in the song with the same name. He is often also called The Glasgow Cat. Sam the Skull is said to be a very tough cat, and in the song, written by Harry Hagan, he states that he has claws like a crocodile's jaw, and he often strangles both rats and occasional dogs. It is also told that the bars on the prisoner windows are not to keep prisoners inside, they are to keep out the Skull. However, the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 21 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6975484", "chunk_text": "\"Sam the Sham\"\nSam the Sham Domingo \"\"Sam\"\" Samudio (born February 28, 1937 Dallas, Texas), better known by his stage name Sam the Sham, is a retired American rock and roll singer. Sam the Sham was known for his camp robe and turban and hauling his equipment in a 1952 Packard hearse with maroon velvet curtains. As the front man for the Pharaohs, he sang on several Top 40 hits in the mid-1960s, notably the \"\"Billboard\"\" Hot 100 runners up \"\"Wooly Bully\"\" and \"\"Li'l Red Riding Hood\"\". Samudio, who is of Basque/Apache descent, made his singing debut in second grade, representing his school", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 22 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20572097", "chunk_text": "\"Sam Alves\"\nSam was abandoned in a shoebox at the door of a house in Fortaleza, Ceará. With him, a note written with difficulty said that he was born on June 3, 1989 and given porridge at 3:00 pm on that day, when Luiz and Raquel Alves found him. The boy had just turned four when his family decided to go to the United States. The young man grew up and was educated in Massachusetts. His father had become a shepherd and his mother cleaned. At age 14, his mother, Raquel, started training him to sing in the church, and in 2003,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 23 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "368494", "chunk_text": "\"Joseph Samachson\"\nof Music\"\" and \"\"The Fabulous World of Opera\"\"), ballet, archeology (\"\"Good Digging\"\") and a number of other titles, including \"\"Rome\"\", a Rand McNally \"\"Cities of the World\"\" title. In addition, Samachson was a frequent contributor to scientific journals and the author of \"\"The Armor Within Us: The Story of Bone.\"\" Joseph Samachson Joseph Samachson (October 13, 1906 – June 2, 1980) was an American scientist and author, primarily of science fiction and comic books. Joseph Samachson was born on October 13, 1906 in Trenton, New Jersey, the son of Russian Jewish parents, Anna (Roshansky) and David Louis Samachson, a businessman.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 24 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8439761", "chunk_text": "\"Mount Sodom\"\nMount Sodom Mount Sodom (, \"\"Har Sedom\"\") or Jebel Usdum (, \"\"Jabal(u) 'ssudūm\"\") is a hill along the southwestern part of the Dead Sea in Israel, part of the Judean Desert Nature Reserve. Mount Sodom began its rise hundreds of thousands of years ago and continues to grow taller at a rate of a year. Movements of the African rift system, along with the pressure generated by the slow accumulation of earth and rock, pressed down on the layers of salt, creating Mount Sodom. It is about 80 percent salt, high, capped by a layer of limestone, clay and conglomerate", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 25 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14732713", "chunk_text": "\"Sambo (racial term)\"\ncotton, sugar and slave ships from the West Indies and North America. The name became especially associated with the children's book \"\"The Story of Little Black Sambo\"\" by Helen Bannerman, published in 1899. It was the story of a boy named \"\"Sambo\"\" who outwitted a group of hungry tigers. Bannerman also wrote \"\"Little Black Mingo\"\", \"\"Little Black Quasha\"\", and \"\"Little Black Squibba\"\". In this book, Sambo is the name of a southern Indian boy. The once-popular Sambo's restaurant chain used the Helen Bannerman images to promote and decorate their restaurants, although the restaurants were originally named after the chain's co-owners,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 26 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7289072", "chunk_text": "\"Samuel Cutler Ward\"\nanonymous magazine accounts of his stint in the gold fields were edited into a volume entitled \"\"Sam Ward in the Gold Rush\"\" in 1949. For years after his death, bar patrons ordered \"\"Sam Wards,\"\" a drink he invented of cracked ice, a peel of lemon, and yellow Chartreuse. Restaurants carried Chicken Saute Sam Ward on their menus for decades. Locke-Ober in Boston served for years a dish called Mushrooms Sam Ward. He was immortalized by his nephew author Francis Marion Crawford as the delightful Mr. Bellingham in \"\"Dr. Claudius.\"\" And Sam's name has been kept alive by scholars speculating upon", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 27 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7820381", "chunk_text": "\"Sam the Sham\"\nin Dallas. After leaving the music business, Sam worked in Mexico as an interpreter and as a mate on small commercial boats in the Gulf of Mexico. Sam later became a motivational speaker and poet and still makes occasional concert appearances. He was inducted into the Memphis Music Hall of Fame in 2016. As Sam the Sham and the Pharaohs As Sam the Sham As Sam Samudio As Sam and Charity As Sam the Sham and the Pharaohs As Sam the Sham Sam the Sham Domingo \"\"Sam\"\" Samudio (born February 28, 1937 Dallas, Texas), better known by his stage name", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 28 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19205393", "chunk_text": "\"Sam Hunt (poet)\"\nbeen compared with that of another New Zealand poet, Hone Tuwhare and their romanticism has been credited with contributing to the popularity of both poets. From the late 1960s until 1997, Hunt lived in a number of locations around the Pauatahanui inlet near Wellington. Many of the events in each dwelling are described in his verse, notably Bottle Creek (where he was joined by his famous black and white sheepdog, \"\"Minstrel\"\"), Battle Hill (where his older son, Tom, was born), Death's Corner (formerly the farmhouse of a Mr Death) and then back to a boatshed in Paremata. Other poems (see", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 29 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18716310", "chunk_text": "\"Pajama Sam 3: You Are What You Eat from Your Head to Your Feet\"\nand grains' baguette Pierre le Pain, and the meat and proteins' kidney bean Bean 47—are unaccounted for, and General Beetfoot of the vegetables intends to launch a counter-offensive against the snacks and sweets if he realizes the delegates are missing. Sam sets out to rescue the delegates and avoid war, gathering up his lost box tops in the process. Sam rescues Bean 47 from a construction site in the Foot Hills (the feet), rescues Pierre le Pain from a boardwalk amusement park at Muscle Beach (the muscular system), collects Chuck Cheddar from a dig site and ski resort (the teeth),", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 30 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14732712", "chunk_text": "\"Sambo (racial term)\"\nFair\"\" (serialised from 1847), the black skinned Indian servant of the Sedley family from Chapter One, is called Sambo. Similarly, in Harriet Beecher Stowe's novel, \"\"Uncle Tom's Cabin\"\" (1852), one of Simon Legree's overseers is named Sambo. Instances of it being used as a stereotypical name for African Americans can be found as early as the Civil War. Sambo's Grave is the 1736 burial site of a young dark-skinned cabin boy or slave, on unconsecrated ground in a field near the small village of Sunderland Point, near Heysham and Overton, Lancashire, England. Sunderland Point used to be a port, serving", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 31 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18716308", "chunk_text": "\"Pajama Sam 3: You Are What You Eat from Your Head to Your Feet\"\nMan. The twentieth box of cookies flee to the pantry of their own accord, and Sam dons his costume and pursues them. He is whisked away through his pantry to Mop Top Island, home to the six food groups of the USDA's Food Guide Pyramid. Mop Top Island is analogous to Sam's body; locations are based on, and named after, organs and body parts. Sam arrives in the land of snacks and sweets, at a celebration—a play on \"\"political party\"\"—held by the Snacks and Sweets Aggressive Majority Party, a political party that intends for the snacks and sweets to conquer", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 32 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20786767", "chunk_text": "\"Sam Bat\"\nnot disclose the source of wood for its bats, neither supplier nor region. In the past, it has sourced its wood from a supplier in the Catskill Mountains. The bats it manufactures are made from \"\"Acer saccharum\"\", also known as \"\"rock maple\"\" or \"\"sugar maple\"\". The company purchases veneer-grade cylindrical billets having 8% moisture weighing between . The billets are sorted by weight after being weighed \"\"to the thousandth ounce\"\", and the slope of the grain is visually graded; billets with the straightest grain are reserved for MLB players. Each bat model can be manufactured using billets in a small", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 33 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6828823", "chunk_text": "\"Samford, Queensland\"\nSamford Valley is known as the \"\"Home of the Powerful Owl\"\", as the area is known to be an important breeding area for the bird, Australia's largest owl. Parts of D'Aguilar Range, which includes nearby Camp Mountain, Mount Nebo, Mount Glorious and Mount Pleasant, give rise to the valley in which Samford lies. Samford was occupied by the indigenous people who named it Kupidabin, an Aboriginal word from the Waka language, meaning 'place of possums'. They named D.L. Brown's land in Samford, Karandukamari. Samford was an important location for \"\"kippa-ring\"\" or initiation ceremony. Tribes from Ipswich, Cressbrook, Mount Brisbane and", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 34 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8485891", "chunk_text": "\"Val Plumwood\"\na volume out from the library, a volume subject to more or less instant recall by other borrowers—who rewrite the whole story when they get it\"\". Plumwood was born Val Morell to parents whose home was a shack with walls made of hessian sacks dipped in cement. The parents had set up home in the Terrey Hills, near the Ku-ring-gai Chase National Park, north of Sydney, as a result of a land grant. Her father worked at first as a hod carrier, then started a small poultry farm. Martin Mulligan and Stuart Hill write that the natural beauty of the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 35 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1851896", "chunk_text": "\"Sam the Skull\"\nSam the Skull Sam the Skull is a fictional cat, said to roam around Glasgow, Scotland, most famously in the song with the same name. He is often also called The Glasgow Cat. Sam the Skull is said to be a very tough cat, and in the song, written by Harry Hagan, he states that he has claws like a crocodile's jaw, and he often strangles both rats and occasional dogs. It is also told that the bars on the prisoner windows are not to keep prisoners inside, they are to keep out the Skull. However, the story is that", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 36 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15510663", "chunk_text": "\"Samuel Hill\"\nor \"\"Columbus\"\" near the Columbia River in Klickitat County, Washington, which he envisioned as a new community in the Inland Empire. He named the parcel Maryhill, after his wife and his daughter Mary – neither of whom ever actually lived there. His original plan was to develop it as a farming community of Quakers, but Sam was the only known Quaker resident. Taken as a whole, his attempt to create the Maryhill community was one of Hill's least successful investments: He spent at least US$600,000 that never paid back in any significant measure. A more modest, but successful undertaking was", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 37 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18370341", "chunk_text": "\"Samwise Gamgee\"\na number of essays on the Old English poem \"\"The Battle of Maldon\"\". Likewise, Sam's rejection of the Ring is a rejection of power, but can also be seen as a \"\"desire for renown which the defeat over Sauron will bring\"\". Tolkien took the name \"\"Gamgee\"\" from a colloquial word in Birmingham for cotton wool. This was in turn derived from Gamgee Tissue, a surgical dressing invented by a 19th-century Birmingham surgeon named Sampson Gamgee. Tolkien originally used it as a nickname for a man living in Lamorna Cove, England before adapting it into his stories: \"\"There was a curious", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 38 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1662120", "chunk_text": "\"Sam Hill (cyclist)\"\nSam Hill (cyclist) Sam Hill (born 21 July 1985 in Viveash, Western Australia), is an Australian professional enduro mountain biker and former professional downhill racer. He was two time consecutive UCI World Downhill Champion during years 2006–2007 for Iron Horse racing team. He won the 2010 world championships in Mont Saint Anne, riding for the Monster Energy Specialized team on a Specialized Demo 8 II. He also won the 2007 and 2009 UCI Elite Men's Downhill World Cup (Overall). In December 2012 it was announced that Hill had signed for the Chain Reaction Cycles/Nukeproof team. As of 2016, Hill has", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 39 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8117378", "chunk_text": "\"Sam Baker (musician)\"\nSam Baker (musician) Sam Baker (born 1954) is an American folk musician based in Austin, Texas. He writes sparse poetic lyrics that have gained him acclaim from other notable folk artists such as Gurf Morlix and Fred Eaglesmith. Sam Baker was born in 1954 in Itasca, Texas. He attended Itasca High School, where he played varsity football with fellow musician Tommy Alverson. In 1986, Baker was traveling by train to Machu Picchu in Peru when a bomb placed on a luggage rack above his head by the Shining Path guerrilla group exploded, killing seven other passengers including the three people", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 40 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11442753", "chunk_text": "Samboy\nSamboy Samboy (Snackfood) is one of the largest brands of potato chips released in Australia and is owned by Snack Brands Australia. Samboy chips are crinkled potato chips. The most popular flavours are \"\"Chicken\"\", \"\"Original\"\", \"\"Salt & Vinegar\"\", \"\"Atomic Tomato\"\" and \"\"BBQ\"\". Samboy Chips were originally produced and distributed by Norm and Ed Meyer in the 1950s. In the 1960s Samboy chips were not crinkle cut and only came in barbecue flavour. Although today's Samboy Barbecue chips taste similar to the original version, they do not taste the same In the 1980s, the \"\"Original\"\" (ready salted) flavour was called \"\"Samboy", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 41 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10027263", "chunk_text": "\"Sam 'n' Henry\"\nshow would be amusing in itself but would also feature recurring characters in an ongoing storyline. Since they had received a favorable response to African-American characters they had previously done on radio, Gosden and Correll proposed that the principal characters be African-Americans, Sam Smith and Henry Johnson, newly arrived in Chicago from rural Birmingham, Alabama during the Great Migration. After overcoming initial problems with finding food, living space and employment, Sam and Henry set up their own moving company, with overbearing Henry as company president and meek, gullible Sam as the one who does all the work. Having been initiated", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 42 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3043237", "chunk_text": "\"Sam Hill House (Seattle)\"\nsale for $15 million. Sam Hill House (Seattle) Sam Hill House is a historic, privately owned home located in Seattle, Washington's Capitol Hill neighborhood. The property forms part of the city-designated Harvard-Belmont Landmark District. The concrete building was constructed between 1909 and 1910 by railroad magnate Sam Hill in preparation for a planned visit to Seattle by a member of the Belgian royal family. Following Hill's 1931 death, the home remained vacant until its purchase in 1937 by Theodore and Guendolen Plestcheeff. Guendolen Plestcheeff, a notable local preservationist, remained resident at the property until her death in 1994. In 2016", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 43 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18297338", "chunk_text": "\"Sam Ash\"\nHopkinson Avenue in Brooklyn. Although they were officially renting both the store and the new home on 410 Saratoga Avenue in Brooklyn’s Brownsville neighborhood. (This is where the name of Brownsville Guitars comes from). At first the store only sold musical instruments and phonographs. When radios started becoming popular, the phonograph became less popular. In addition to selling phonographs they also sold records. Later, businesses like Sam Goody started competing. In 1925, their first son Jerry was born. In 1929, Paul was born and in 1935, Marcia was born. The children would usually tend for both the home and the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 44 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3043236", "chunk_text": "\"Sam Hill House (Seattle)\"\nSam Hill House (Seattle) Sam Hill House is a historic, privately owned home located in Seattle, Washington's Capitol Hill neighborhood. The property forms part of the city-designated Harvard-Belmont Landmark District. The concrete building was constructed between 1909 and 1910 by railroad magnate Sam Hill in preparation for a planned visit to Seattle by a member of the Belgian royal family. Following Hill's 1931 death, the home remained vacant until its purchase in 1937 by Theodore and Guendolen Plestcheeff. Guendolen Plestcheeff, a notable local preservationist, remained resident at the property until her death in 1994. In 2016 the home went on", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 45 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14207541", "chunk_text": "Sampo\na treasure, a Byzantine coin die, a decorated Vendel period shield, a Christian relic, etc. In the \"\"Kalevala\"\", compiler Lönnrot interpreted it to be a quern or mill of some sort that made flour, salt, and gold out of thin air. The world pillar hypothesis was originally developed by historian of religions Uno Harva and the linguist Eemil Nestor Setälä in the early 20th century. According to the archaeologist Kuz'Mina the Sampo mill myth originates from the Indo-European \"\"skambhá\"\" (support, pillar, column), and was borrowed into Finno-Ugric. In the \"\"Atharvaveda\"\" the 'skambhá' is a creature that supports the universe, analogous", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 46 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5139206", "chunk_text": "Samaale\nfrom the words \"\"soo\"\" and \"\"maal\"\", which together mean \"\"go and milk\"\"—a reference to the ubiquitous pastoralism of the Somali people. Another etymology proposes that the term \"\"Somali\"\" is derived from the Arabic for \"\"wealthy\"\" (\"\"dhawamaal\"\"), again referring to Somali riches in livestock. In Somali tradition, Samaale whose real name was Cusmaan received the name \"\"Samaale\"\" from his father Hiil who blessed him, after a miraculous raid which made the family wealthy overnight. According to traditions recorded in Shariif 'Aydaruus Shariif 'Ali's \"\"Bughyat al-amaal fii taariikh as-Soomaal\"\" (1955), the patriarch Samaale arrived in northern Somalia from Yemen during the 9th", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 47 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3837553", "chunk_text": "Samosa\nSouthern Africa. Due to cultural diffusion and emigration from these areas, samosas in today's world are also prepared in other regions. The word \"\"samosa\"\" can be traced to the \"\"sanbosag\"\" (). The pastry name in other countries can also derive from this root, such as the crescent-shaped \"\"sanbusak\"\" or \"\"sanbusaj\"\" in the Arab world, \"\"sambosa\"\" in Afghanistan, \"\"somosa\"\" (Bengali: ) in Bengal, \"\"samosa\"\" (Urdu:) in Pakistan, \"\"samosa\"\" (Hindi:) in India, \"\"()\"\", \"\"samboosa\"\" in Tajikistan, \"\"Sambôsy \"\" in Madagascar , \"\"samsa\"\" by Turkic-speaking nations, \"\"sambuus\"\" by Somalis of Somalia, Djibouti, Somali Region of Ethiopia and North Eastern Province of Kenya, \"\"chamuça\"\"", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 48 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10313110", "chunk_text": "\"Sam the Sudden\"\ncircle their suburb, seeking hidden treasure... Sam Shotter, having failed to please his uncle John B. Pynsent in business, is sent to England to work for Lord Tilbury, who hopes to complete a business deal with Pynsent. Avoiding being trapped in Tilbury's company, Sam opts to join his old pal \"\"Hash\"\" Todhunter, cook on a tramp steamer, for the trip over. On the way, he shows Hash a photo of a girl, found on a wall in a remote Canadian log cabin, whom he has fallen in love with. Arriving in England looking rather bedraggled after his trip, Sam finds", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 49 } ]
test_3588	the vast interior rural area of australia is known as the?	n/a	[ "The Outback", "Outback" ]	[]	n/a	n/a	n/a	[]	[ { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4643019", "chunk_text": "Outback\nOutback The Outback is the vast, remote interior of Australia. \"\"The Outback\"\" is more remote than those areas named \"\"the bush\"\" which is any location outside the main urban areas. While often envisaged as being arid, the Outback regions extend from the northern to southern Australian coastlines, and encompass a number of climatic zones; including tropical and monsoonal climates in northern areas, arid areas in the \"\"red centre\"\" and semi-arid and temperate climates in southerly regions. Geographically, the Outback is unified by a combination of factors, most notably a low human population density, a largely intact, natural environment and, in", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 0 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9880979", "chunk_text": "\"The bush\"\nThe bush \"\"The bush\"\" is a rural, undeveloped country area in certain areas. The concept of \"\"the bush\"\" has become iconic in Australia. In reference to the landscape, \"\"bush\"\" refers to any sparsely-inhabited region, regardless of vegetation. \"\"The bush\"\" in this sense was something that was uniquely Australian and very different from the green European landscapes familiar to many new immigrants. The term \"\"Outback\"\" is also used, but usually in association with the more arid inland areas of Australia. \"\"The Bush\"\" also refers to any populated region outside of the major metropolitan areas, including mining and agricultural areas. Consequently, it", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 1 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1225240", "chunk_text": "\"The bush\"\nThe bush \"\"The bush\"\" is a rural, undeveloped country area in certain areas. The concept of \"\"the bush\"\" has become iconic in Australia. In reference to the landscape, \"\"bush\"\" refers to any sparsely-inhabited region, regardless of vegetation. \"\"The bush\"\" in this sense was something that was uniquely Australian and very different from the green European landscapes familiar to many new immigrants. The term \"\"Outback\"\" is also used, but usually in association with the more arid inland areas of Australia. \"\"The Bush\"\" also refers to any populated region outside of the major metropolitan areas, including mining and agricultural areas. Consequently, it", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 2 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "285787", "chunk_text": "Australia\nMcClintock and Mount Menzies, at and respectively. Australia's size gives it a wide variety of landscapes, with tropical rainforests in the north-east, mountain ranges in the south-east, south-west and east, and dry desert in the centre. The desert or semi-arid land commonly known as the outback makes up by far the largest portion of land. Australia is the driest inhabited continent; its annual rainfall averaged over continental area is less than 500 mm. The population density, 2.8 inhabitants per square kilometre, is among the lowest in the world, although a large proportion of the population lives along the temperate south-eastern", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 3 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12984349", "chunk_text": "Australia\npoint of the east coast is the tropical-rainforested Cape York Peninsula. The landscapes of the Top End and the Gulf Countrywith their tropical climateinclude forest, woodland, wetland, grassland, rainforest and desert. At the north-west corner of the continent are the sandstone cliffs and gorges of The Kimberley, and below that the Pilbara. To the south of these and inland, lie more areas of grassland: the Ord Victoria Plain and the Western Australian Mulga shrublands. At the heart of the country are the uplands of central Australia. Prominent features of the centre and south include Uluru (also known as Ayers Rock),", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 4 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12097286", "chunk_text": "Oceania\nis above mean sea level. The most diverse country of Oceania when it comes to the environment is Australia, with tropical rainforests in the north-east, mountain ranges in the south-east, south-west and east, and dry desert in the centre. Desert or semi-arid land commonly known as the outback makes up by far the largest portion of land. The coastal uplands and a belt of Brigalow grasslands lie between the coast and the mountains, while inland of the dividing range are large areas of grassland. The northernmost point of the east coast is the tropical-rainforested Cape York Peninsula. Prominent features of", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 5 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1422629", "chunk_text": "Pilbara\nPilbara The Pilbara () is a large, dry, thinly populated region in the north of Western Australia. It is known for its Aboriginal peoples; its ancient landscapes; the red earth; its vast mineral deposits, in particular iron ore; and as a global biodiversity hotspot for subterranean fauna. At least two important but differing definitions of the region exist. It is one of nine regions of the \"\"Regional Development Commissions Act 1993\"\", and is also the name of a bioregion (which differs in extent) under the Interim Biogeographic Regionalisation for Australia (IBRA) Table excerpted from Wikipedia article \"\"IBRA\"\". See IBRA. (The", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 6 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4643024", "chunk_text": "Outback\nin 2006. The paucity of industrial land use has led to the Outback being recognised globally as one of the largest remaining, intact natural areas on Earth. Global \"\"Human Footprint\"\" and wilderness reviews highlight the importance of Outback Australia as one of the world's large natural areas, along with the Boreal forests and Tundra regions in North America, the Sahara and Gobi deserts and the tropical forests of the Amazon and Congo Basins. The savanna (or grassy woodlands) of northern Australia are the largest, intact savanna regions in the world. In the south, the Great Western Woodlands, which occupy ,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 7 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4643041", "chunk_text": "Outback\ntourists and locals becoming stranded on outback trips occasionally occur, sometimes because insufficient water and food supplies were taken, or because people have walked away from their vehicle in search of help. Travellers through very remote areas should always inform a reliable person of their route and expected destination arrival time, and remember that a vehicle is much easier to locate in an aerial search, than a person, so in the event of a breakdown, they must not leave their vehicle. Outback The Outback is the vast, remote interior of Australia. \"\"The Outback\"\" is more remote than those areas named", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 8 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3031079", "chunk_text": "\"Australia (continent)\"\nof the continent of Australia, but of the separate, submerged continent of Zealandia. New Zealand and Australia are both part of the Oceanian sub-region known as Australasia, with New Guinea being in Melanesia. The term Oceania is often used to denote the region encompassing the Australian continent, Zealandia and various islands in the Pacific Ocean that are not included in the seven-continent model. Papua New Guinea, a country within the continent, is one of the most culturally and linguistically diverse countries in the world. It is also one of the most rural, as only 18 percent of its people live", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 9 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4564957", "chunk_text": "\"Murray–Darling basin\"\nMurray–Darling basin The Murray–Darling basin is a large geographical area in the interior of southeastern Australia. Its name is derived from its two major rivers, the Murray River and the Darling River. The basin, which drains around one-seventh of the Australian land mass, is one of the most significant agricultural areas in Australia. It spans most of the states of New South Wales and Victoria, the Australian Capital Territory, and parts of the states of Queensland (lower third) and South Australia (southeastern corner). The basin is in length, with the Murray River being long. Most of the basin is flat,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 10 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2676010", "chunk_text": "\"Geography of Australia\"\nvarious mountain ranges such as the Hamersley Range, the MacDonnell Ranges, and the Musgrave Range. Surface water is generally lacking in the Western Plateau, although there are several larger rivers in the west and north, such as the Murchison, Ashburton, and Victoria river. The Eastern Highlands, or Great Dividing Range, lie near the eastern coast of Australia, separating the relatively narrow eastern coastal plain from the rest of the continent. These Eastern Australian temperate forests have the greatest relief, the most rainfall, the most abundant and varied flora and fauna, and the densest human settlement. Between the Eastern Highlands and", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 11 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12984348", "chunk_text": "Australia\ncoastline. Eastern Australia is marked by the Great Dividing Range, which runs parallel to the coast of Queensland, New South Wales and much of Victoria. The name is not strictly accurate, because parts of the range consist of low hills, and the highlands are typically no more than in height. The coastal uplands and a belt of Brigalow grasslands lie between the coast and the mountains, while inland of the dividing range are large areas of grassland. These include the western plains of New South Wales, and the Einasleigh Uplands, Barkly Tableland, and Mulga Lands of inland Queensland. The northernmost", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 12 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1422648", "chunk_text": "Pilbara\nbut the protection of culturally and environmentally sensitive areas of the Pilbara is now advanced by the delineation of several protected areas including the Millstream-Chichester and the Karijini National Parks. Pilbara The Pilbara () is a large, dry, thinly populated region in the north of Western Australia. It is known for its Aboriginal peoples; its ancient landscapes; the red earth; its vast mineral deposits, in particular iron ore; and as a global biodiversity hotspot for subterranean fauna. At least two important but differing definitions of the region exist. It is one of nine regions of the \"\"Regional Development Commissions Act", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 13 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12983921", "chunk_text": "Australia\nAustralia Australia, officially the Commonwealth of Australia, is a sovereign country comprising the mainland of the Australian continent, the island of Tasmania and numerous smaller islands. It is the largest country in Oceania and the world's sixth-largest country by total area. The neighbouring countries are Papua New Guinea, Indonesia and East Timor to the north; the Solomon Islands and Vanuatu to the north-east; and New Zealand to the south-east. The population of / 1000000 round 0 million is highly urbanised and heavily concentrated on the eastern seaboard. Australia's capital is Canberra, and its largest city is Sydney. The country's other", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 14 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13734290", "chunk_text": "\"Great Dividing Range\"\nGreat Dividing Range The Great Dividing Range, or the Eastern Highlands, is Australia's most substantial mountain range and the third longest land-based range in the world. It stretches more than from Dauan Island off the northeastern tip of Queensland, running the entire length of the eastern coastline through New South Wales, then into Victoria and turning west, before finally fading into the central plain at the Grampians in western Victoria. The width of the range varies from about to over . The sharp rise between the coastal lowlands and the eastern uplands has affected Australia's climate, mainly due to orographic", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 15 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19050559", "chunk_text": "\"National Rural Health Alliance\"\n(Federal) Government Department of Health. The Alliance's work has remained independent of government and is controlled and managed by its member bodies, through its Council. Current members of Council at any given time are listed on the Alliance's website. The Alliance's interests and constituency are the communities of rural and remote Australia. Rural and remote areas are defined (arbitrarily) by the Alliance as all those places except the nine capital cities and the regional conurbations of Townsville, the Gold Coast, Newcastle, the Central Coast, Wollongong and Geelong. Australia has various formal classification systems of the geographic continuum from 'metropolitan' to", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 16 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13563099", "chunk_text": "\"Alice Springs\"\na few times a week to Brisbane. Two airlines serve Alice Springs: Qantas and Virgin Australia. Alice Springs is a base for the Royal Flying Doctor Service of Australia. Alice Springs Alice Springs (; Arrernte: Mparntwe) is the third-largest town in the Northern Territory of Australia. Popularly known as \"\"the Alice\"\" or simply \"\"Alice\"\", Alice Springs is situated roughly in Australia's geographic centre. The area is known as \"\"Mparntwe\"\" to its original inhabitants, the Arrernte, who have lived in the Central Australian desert in and around what is now Alice Springs for tens of thousands of years. The name \"\"Alice", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 17 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4643025", "chunk_text": "Outback\nan area larger than all of England and Wales, are the largest remaining temperate woodland left on Earth. Reflecting the wide climatic and geological variation, the Outback contains a wealth of distinctive and ecologically-rich ecosystems. Major land types include: The Australian Outback is full of very important well-adapted wildlife, although much of it may not be immediately visible to the casual observer. Many animals, such as red kangaroos and dingoes, hide in bushes to rest and keep cool during the heat of the day. Birdlife is prolific, most often seen at waterholes at dawn and dusk. Huge flocks of budgerigars,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 18 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18339995", "chunk_text": "\"Murray Darling Depression\"\nnatural vegetation remain, especially in the large Ngarkat Conservation Park - Big Desert Wilderness Park on the South Australia-Victoria border. Threats to habitats today come from introduced weeds, over-salination of rivers as water is drawn off for irrigation, over-use of fire to remove dry shrubs and prevent forest fires and overgrazing by introduced goats and rabbits. Murray Darling Depression The Murray Darling Depression , also known as the Murray-Darling woodlands and mallee, is a biogeographic region and an ecoregion in southeastern Australia consisting of a wooded plain through which flow two of Australia's biggest rivers, the Murray and the Darling.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 19 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13513770", "chunk_text": "\"Geography of Australia\"\nof 8,148,250 square kilometres (3,146,057 sq. mi). This exclusive economic zone does not include the Australian Antarctic Territory (an additional 5,896 square kilometres). Australia has the largest area of ocean jurisdiction of any country on earth. It has no land borders. The northernmost points of the country are the Cape York Peninsula of Queensland and the Top End of the Northern Territory. The western half of Australia consists of the Western Plateau, which rises to mountain heights near the west coast and falls to lower elevations near the continental centre. The Western Plateau region is generally flat, though broken by", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 20 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3031080", "chunk_text": "\"Australia (continent)\"\nin urban centres. West Papua, a province of Indonesia, is home to an estimated 44 uncontacted tribal groups. Australia, the largest landmass in the continent, is highly urbanised, and has the world's 13th-largest economy with the second-highest human development index globally. Australia also has the world's 9th largest immigrant population. The first settlers of Australia, New Guinea, and the large islands just to the east arrived between 50,000 and 30,000 years ago. Archaeological terminology for this region has changed repeatedly. Before the 1970s, the single Pleistocene landmass was called \"\"Australasia\"\", derived from the Latin \"\"australis\"\", meaning \"\"southern\"\", although this word", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 21 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2676007", "chunk_text": "\"Geography of Australia\"\nGeography of Australia The geography of Australia encompasses a wide variety of biogeographic regions being the world's smallest continent but the sixth-largest country in the world. The population of Australia is concentrated along the eastern and southeastern coasts. The geography of the country is extremely diverse, ranging from the snow-capped mountains of the Australian Alps and Tasmania to large deserts, tropical and temperate forests. Neighbouring countries include Indonesia, East Timor and Papua New Guinea to the north, the Solomon Islands, Vanuatu and the French dependency of New Caledonia to the east, and New Zealand to the southeast. Australia is a", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 22 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2975401", "chunk_text": "\"Mining in Australia\"\nremained to fund substantial development of industry and infrastructure. Australia has mining activity in all of its states and territories. The Minerals Council of Australia estimates that 0.02% of Australia's land surface is directly impacted by mining. Particularly significant areas today include the Goldfields, Peel and Pilbara regions of Western Australia, the Hunter Region in New South Wales, the Bowen Basin in Queensland and Latrobe Valley in Victoria and various parts of the outback. Places such as Kalgoorlie, Mount Isa, Mount Morgan, Broken Hill and Coober Pedy are known as mining towns. Major active mines in Australia include: Large quantities", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 23 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3311301", "chunk_text": "\"Wagga Wagga\"\nWagga Wagga Wagga Wagga (; informally called Wagga) is a major regional city in the Riverina region of New South Wales, Australia. Straddling the Murrumbidgee River, with an urban population of more than 54,000 as at the 2016 census, Wagga Wagga is the state's largest inland city, and is an important agricultural, military, and transport hub of Australia. The ninth fastest growing inland city in Australia, Wagga Wagga is located midway between the two largest cities in Australia–Sydney and Melbourne–and is the major regional centre for the Riverina and South West Slopes regions. The central business district is focused around", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 24 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12386505", "chunk_text": "\"Environment of Australia\"\nEnvironment of Australia The Australian environment ranges from virtually pristine Antarctic territory and rainforests to degraded industrial areas of major cities. Forty distinct ecoregions have been identified across the Australian mainland and islands. Central Australia has a very dry climate. The interior has a number of deserts while most of the coastal areas are populated. Northern Australia experiences tropical cyclones while much of the country is prone to periodic drought. Agriculture and mining are the predominant land uses which affect the Australian environment. The management of the impact on the environment from the mining industry, the protection of the Great", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 25 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6758863", "chunk_text": "\"Great Western Woodlands\"\nGreat Western Woodlands The Great Western Woodlands is the largest and healthiest temperate (Mediterranean climate) woodland remaining on Earth. Located in the southwest of Australia, the woodlands cover almost , a region larger in size than England and Wales. The boundary of the Great Western Woodlands runs from the Nullarbor Plain in the east to the Western Australian Wheatbelt in the west; from north of Esperance through to the inland mulga country and deserts that are found north of Kalgoorlie. The boundaries of this region were established by researchers from the Australian National University working with The Wilderness Society and", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 26 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "98286", "chunk_text": "Gippsland\nGippsland Gippsland is an economic rural region of Victoria, Australia, located in the south-eastern part of that state. It covers an area of , and lies to the east of the eastern suburbs of Greater Melbourne, to the north of Bass Strait, to the west of the Tasman Sea, to the south of the Black-Allan Line that marks part of the Victorian/New South Wales border, and to the east and southeast of the Great Dividing Range that lies within the Hume region and the Victorian Alps. Gippsland is generally broken down into the East Gippsland, South Gippsland, West Gippsland, and", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 27 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12984350", "chunk_text": "Australia\nthe famous sandstone monolith, and the inland Simpson, Tirari and Sturt Stony, Gibson, Great Sandy, Tanami, and Great Victoria deserts, with the famous Nullarbor Plain on the southern coast. Lying on the Indo-Australian Plate, the mainland of Australia is the lowest and most primordial landmass on Earth with a relatively stable geological history. The landmass includes virtually all known rock types and from all geological time periods spanning over 3.8 billion years of the Earth's history. The Pilbara Craton is one of only two pristine Archaean 3.6-2.7 Ga (billion years ago) crusts identified on the Earth. Having been part of", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 28 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4643029", "chunk_text": "Outback\nOutback pastoral properties are certified as organic livestock producers. In 2014, , most of which is in Outback Australia, was fully certified as organic farm production, making Australia the largest certified organic production area in the world. \"\"Nothing says Australia quite like our Outback,\"\" states the national tourism web site. Tourism is a major industry across the Outback, and commonwealth and state tourism agencies explicitly target Outback Australia as a desirable destination for domestic and international travellers. There is no breakdown of tourism revenues for the \"\"Outback\"\" \"\"per se\"\". However, regional tourism is a major component of national tourism incomes.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 29 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18812156", "chunk_text": "\"Lake Eyre basin\"\nLake Eyre basin The Lake Eyre basin ( ) is a drainage basin that covers just under one-sixth of all Australia. The Lake Eyre Basin is the largest endorheic basin in Australia and amongst the largest in the world, covering about , including much of inland Queensland, large portions of South Australia and the Northern Territory, and a part of western New South Wales. The deserts that have formed in the basin, including Sturt Stony Desert, Tirari Desert and the Strzelecki Desert, are most probably the southern hemisphere's largest source of airborne dust. The basin is also one of the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 30 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12386510", "chunk_text": "\"Environment of Australia\"\nArea, Heard and McDonald Islands, Lord Howe Island, Macquarie Island, Purnululu National Park, Shark Bay, and the Wet Tropics of Queensland. Protected mixed World Heritage listed areas include Tasmanian Wilderness, Uluṟu-Kata Tjuṯa National Park, Willandra Lakes Region and Kakadu National Park. Ningaloo Reef and Cape Range peninsula are submitted and on the Tentative List for World Heritage listing and are Australian National Parks. Although most of Australia is semi-arid or desert, it covers a diverse range of habitats, from alpine heaths to tropical rainforests, and is recognised as a megadiverse country. Because of the great age and consequent low levels", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 31 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4835755", "chunk_text": "\"Northern Australia\"\nNorthern Australia The term Northern Australia includes those parts of Queensland and Western Australia north of latitude 26° and all of the Northern Territory. Those local government areas of Western Australia and Queensland that lie partially in the north are included. Although it comprises about half of the total area of Australia, Northern Australia includes only about one quarter of the Australian population. However, it includes several sources of Australian exports, being coal from the Great Dividing Range in Queensland/New South Wales and the natural gas and iron ore of the Pilbara region in WA. It also includes major natural", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 32 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10525585", "chunk_text": "\"Nullarbor Plain\"\nwould I\"\". Nullarbor Plain The Nullarbor Plain ( ; Latin: \"\"nullus\"\", \"\"no\"\", and \"\"arbor\"\", \"\"tree\"\") is part of the area of flat, almost treeless, arid or semi-arid country of southern Australia, located on the Great Australian Bight coast with the Great Victoria Desert to its north. It is the world's largest single exposure of limestone bedrock, and occupies an area of about . At its widest point, it stretches about from east to west across the border between South Australia and Western Australia. Historically, the Nullarbor, considered by Europeans to be almost uninhabitable, was used by the semi-nomadic Aborigines, the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 33 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6142393", "chunk_text": "Outback\nfrequently used when referring to something a long way from anywhere, or a long way away. The well-watered north of the continent is often called the \"\"Top End\"\" and the arid interior \"\"The Red Centre\"\", owing to its vast amounts of red soil and sparse greenery amongst its landscape. The outback is criss-crossed by historic tracks. Most of the major highways have an excellent bitumen surface and other major roads are usually well-maintained dirt roads. Tracks in very sandy or exceedingly rocky areas may require high-clearance four wheel drives and spare fuel, tyres, food and water before attempting to travel", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 34 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2272179", "chunk_text": "\"Australia (continent)\"\nAustralia (continent) The continent of Australia, sometimes known in technical contexts by the names Sahul, Australinea or Meganesia to distinguish it from the country of Australia, consists of the land masses which sit on Australia's continental shelf. This includes mainland Australia, Tasmania, and the island of New Guinea (comprising Papua New Guinea and two Indonesian provinces). Situated in the geographical region of Oceania, it is the smallest of the seven traditional continents in the English conception. The continent lies on a continental shelf overlain by shallow seas which divide it into several landmasses—the Arafura Sea and Torres Strait between mainland", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 35 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1333367", "chunk_text": "\"Great Dividing Range\"\nof the Q150 celebrations, the Great Dividing Range was announced as one of the Q150 Icons of Queensland for its role as a \"\"location\"\". Great Dividing Range The Great Dividing Range, or the Eastern Highlands, is Australia's most substantial mountain range and the third longest land-based range in the world. It stretches more than from Dauan Island off the northeastern tip of Queensland, running the entire length of the eastern coastline through New South Wales, then into Victoria and turning west, before finally fading into the central plain at the Grampians in western Victoria. The width of the range varies", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 36 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10525563", "chunk_text": "\"Nullarbor Plain\"\nNullarbor Plain The Nullarbor Plain ( ; Latin: \"\"nullus\"\", \"\"no\"\", and \"\"arbor\"\", \"\"tree\"\") is part of the area of flat, almost treeless, arid or semi-arid country of southern Australia, located on the Great Australian Bight coast with the Great Victoria Desert to its north. It is the world's largest single exposure of limestone bedrock, and occupies an area of about . At its widest point, it stretches about from east to west across the border between South Australia and Western Australia. Historically, the Nullarbor, considered by Europeans to be almost uninhabitable, was used by the semi-nomadic Aborigines, the Spinifex and", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 37 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6142396", "chunk_text": "Outback\nthe continent diagonally from Laverton, Western Australia (north of Kalgoorlie, through the Northern Territory to Winton, in Queensland. Air transport is relied on for mail delivery in some areas, owing to sparse settlement and wet-season road closures. Most outback mines have an airstrip and many have a fly-in fly-out workforce. Most outback sheep stations and cattle stations have an airstrip and quite a few have their own light plane. Medical and ambulance services are provided by the Royal Flying Doctor Service. The School of the Air is a radio-based school using the RFDS radios. Visitors to the outback often drive", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 38 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8550706", "chunk_text": "\"Central Australia\"\nCentral Australia Central Australia, also known as the Alice Springs Region, is one of the five regions in the Northern Territory of Australia. The term Central Australia is used to describe an area centred on Alice Springs. It is sometimes referred to as Centralia; likewise the people of the area are sometimes called Centralians. The region is located in the southern part of the Northern Territory spanning from the west on the Western Australian Border to the east on the Queensland border. The main town in Central Australia is Alice Springs; however, this area also includes all of the desert", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 39 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15722440", "chunk_text": "\"Central Australia\"\nbetween 40% to 45% Aboriginal. The region is very dry, and has a tropical climate receiving on average just of rainfall annually. Central Australia Central Australia, also known as the Alice Springs Region, is one of the five regions in the Northern Territory of Australia. The term Central Australia is used to describe an area centred on Alice Springs. It is sometimes referred to as Centralia; likewise the people of the area are sometimes called Centralians. The region is located in the southern part of the Northern Territory spanning from the west on the Western Australian Border to the east", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 40 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6142389", "chunk_text": "Outback\nMost of Australia's iron ore is also mined in the Pilbara and it also has one of the world's major manganese mines. Aboriginal communities in outback regions, such as the Anangu Pitjantjatjara Yankunytjatjara lands in northern South Australia, have not been displaced as they have been in areas of intensive agriculture and large cities, in coastal areas. The total population of the Outback in Australia declined from 700,000 in 1996 to 690,000 in 2006. The largest decline was in the Outback Northern Territory, while the Kimberley and Pilbara showed population increases during the same period. The sex ratio is 1040", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 41 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "98296", "chunk_text": "Gippsland\nareas of State forest that contribute towards conservation objectives. Gippsland Gippsland is an economic rural region of Victoria, Australia, located in the south-eastern part of that state. It covers an area of , and lies to the east of the eastern suburbs of Greater Melbourne, to the north of Bass Strait, to the west of the Tasman Sea, to the south of the Black-Allan Line that marks part of the Victorian/New South Wales border, and to the east and southeast of the Great Dividing Range that lies within the Hume region and the Victorian Alps. Gippsland is generally broken down", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 42 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1341648", "chunk_text": "\"Mainland Australia\"\n98% of Australia's population. Mainland Australia Mainland Australia is the main land mass of the Commonwealth of Australia excluding Tasmania and other offshore islands and external territories (such as the Australian Antarctic Territory). The land mass also constitutes the mainland of the Australian continent, and the term, along with continental Australia, can be used in a geographic sense to exclude surrounding continental islands. Generally, the term is applied to the states of New South Wales, Victoria, Queensland, Western Australia, and South Australia, as well as the Northern Territory, Australian Capital Territory, and Jervis Bay Territory. The term is typically used", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 43 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4643034", "chunk_text": "Outback\nboarding school, mostly only those in secondary school. The concept of 'back' country, which initially meant land beyond the settled regions, was in existence in 1800. Crossing of the Blue Mountains and other exploration of the inland however gave a different dimension to the perception. The term \"\"outback\"\" was first used in print in 1869, when the writer clearly meant west of Wagga Wagga, New South Wales. It is colloquially said that 'the outback' is located \"\"beyond the Black Stump\"\". The location of the black stump may be some hypothetical location or may vary depending on local custom and folklore.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 44 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20782818", "chunk_text": "\"Monaro (New South Wales)\"\nMonaro (New South Wales) Monaro ( ), once frequently spelled \"\"Manaro\"\", is the name of a region in the south of New South Wales, Australia. A small area of Victoria near Snowy River National Park is geographically part of the Monaro. While the Australian Capital Territory is not considered part of the region, some towns in the Monaro have close links with Canberra. The Monaro region is a plateau area lying about 1000 metres above sea level, extending from the valley of the Murrumbidgee River in the north to the Errinundra Plateau in the south, and dropping rather sharply to", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 45 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1341646", "chunk_text": "\"Mainland Australia\"\nMainland Australia Mainland Australia is the main land mass of the Commonwealth of Australia excluding Tasmania and other offshore islands and external territories (such as the Australian Antarctic Territory). The land mass also constitutes the mainland of the Australian continent, and the term, along with continental Australia, can be used in a geographic sense to exclude surrounding continental islands. Generally, the term is applied to the states of New South Wales, Victoria, Queensland, Western Australia, and South Australia, as well as the Northern Territory, Australian Capital Territory, and Jervis Bay Territory. The term is typically used when referring to the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 46 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12269026", "chunk_text": "\"Berrima, New South Wales\"\nonly spoke English at home. The most common responses for religion were No Religion 29.8%, Anglican 25.9% and Catholic 17.1%. Berrima, New South Wales Berrima () is a historic village in the Southern Highlands of New South Wales, Australia, in Wingecarribee Shire. The village, once a major town, is located on the Old Hume Highway between Canberra and Sydney. It was previously known officially as the Town of Berrima. It is close to the three major towns of the Southern Highlands; Mittagong, Bowral and Moss Vale. The name \"\"Berrima\"\" is believed to derive from an Aboriginal word meaning either \"\"southward\"\"", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 47 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11625969", "chunk_text": "\"Snowy Mountains\"\nSnowy Mountains The Snowy Mountains, known informally as \"\"The Snowies\"\", is an IBRA subregion and the highest mountain range on the continent of mainland Australia. It contains the Australian mainland's highest mountain, Mount Kosciuszko, which reaches to a height of above sea level. The range also contains the five highest peaks on the Australian mainland (including Mount Kosciuszko), all of which are above . They are located in southern New South Wales and are part of the larger Australian Alps and Great Dividing Range. Unusual for Australia, the mountain range experiences large natural snowfalls every winter. Snow normally falls during", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 48 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3119023", "chunk_text": "\"Australian Alps\"\nAustralian Alps The Australian Alps, an interim Australian bioregion, is the highest mountain range in Australia. This range is located in southeastern Australia, and it straddles eastern Victoria, southeastern New South Wales, and the Australian Capital Territory. The Australian Alps contain Australia's only peaks exceeding in elevation above sea level. The Alps are the only bioregion on the Australian mainland in which deep snow falls annually. The Alps comprise an area of . The Australian Alps are part of the Great Dividing Range, the series of mountains, hills, and highlands that runs about from northern Queensland, through New South Wales,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 49 } ]
test_3589	where is the love meaning of the song?	n/a	[ "lament on various worldwide problems" ]	[]	n/a	n/a	n/a	[]	[ { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19868035", "chunk_text": "\"Where Is the Love?\"\nWhere Is the Love? \"\"Where Is the Love?\"\" is a song by American hip hop group The Black Eyed Peas. It was released in June 2003 as the lead single from their third album, \"\"Elephunk\"\". The song was written by will.i.am, apl.de.ap, Taboo, Justin Timberlake, Printz Board, Michael Fratantuno and George Pajon. The track features vocals from Timberlake, although he is not officially credited on the single release. It was the group's first song to feature singer Fergie as an official member. \"\"Where Is the Love?\"\" saw success on radio airplay charts, peaked at number eight on the US \"\"Billboard\"\"", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 0 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4060130", "chunk_text": "\"The Meaning of Love\"\nThe Meaning of Love \"\"The Meaning of Love\"\" is the fifth UK single by Depeche Mode released on 26 April 1982 and recorded at Blackwing Studios. The single version of \"\"The Meaning of Love\"\" is the same as the album version from \"\"A Broken Frame\"\". The \"\"Fairly Odd Mix\"\" features an unusual techno ditty after the second chorus. The B-side is \"\"Oberkorn (It's a Small Town)\"\", an atmospheric instrumental written by Martin Gore as an intro for the \"\"A Broken Frame Tour\"\", in the town of Oberkorn, Luxembourg. A longer version called the \"\"Development Mix\"\" features an ambient intro followed", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 1 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5481141", "chunk_text": "\"What About the Love\"\nWhat About the Love \"\"What About the Love\"\" is a song written by Kye Fleming & Janis Ian and released as a 1988 single by Christian music singer Amy Grant. It was released as the fourth single from Grant's \"\"Lead Me On\"\" album. Unlike some of Grant's previous singles, this song was released to Christian radio only and was not marketed to pop or \"\"mainstream\"\" radio. \"\"What About the Love\"\" is a downtempo inspirational song that adopts a mysterious sound through the use of keyboards, acoustic guitars, and haunting background vocals. The lyrics center around the idea that \"\"something's wrong", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 2 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11115289", "chunk_text": "\"Love song\"\nLove song A love song is a song about romantic love, falling in love, heartbreak after a breakup, and the feelings that these experiences bring. A comprehensive list of even the best known performers and composers of love songs would be a large order. Love songs can be found in a variety of different music genres. Love songs have been around for centuries and can be found in the histories and cultures of most societies, though their ubiquity is a modern phenomenon. A highly controversial and startling explanation of the genesis of love songs can be found in Denis de", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 3 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4060132", "chunk_text": "\"The Meaning of Love\"\n\"\" The Meaning of Love \"\": 7\"\": Mute/7Mute22 (UK) 12\"\": Mute/12Mute22 (UK) CD: Mute/CDMute22 (UK) Notes The Meaning of Love \"\"The Meaning of Love\"\" is the fifth UK single by Depeche Mode released on 26 April 1982 and recorded at Blackwing Studios. The single version of \"\"The Meaning of Love\"\" is the same as the album version from \"\"A Broken Frame\"\". The \"\"Fairly Odd Mix\"\" features an unusual techno ditty after the second chorus. The B-side is \"\"Oberkorn (It's a Small Town)\"\", an atmospheric instrumental written by Martin Gore as an intro for the \"\"A Broken Frame Tour\"\", in the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 4 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12140374", "chunk_text": "\"Where Is the Love (Roberta Flack and Donny Hathaway song)\"\nWhere Is the Love (Roberta Flack and Donny Hathaway song) \"\"Where Is the Love\"\" is a popular song written by Ralph MacDonald and William Salter, and recorded by Roberta Flack and Donny Hathaway. Released in 1972 from their album, \"\"Roberta Flack & Donny Hathaway\"\". It peaked at number five on the \"\"Billboard\"\" Hot 100 singles chart and spent a week each at number one on the \"\"Billboard\"\" Easy Listening chart (July 1972) and R&B chart (August 1972). \"\"Billboard\"\" ranked it as the No. 58 song for 1972. The song won a Grammy Award for Best Pop Performance by a Duo", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 5 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19868039", "chunk_text": "\"Where Is the Love?\"\nCurtis, and co-produced by will.i.am and Ron Fair. In this song, The Black Eyed Peas lament on various worldwide problems. Many issues are discussed, which include but are not limited to terrorism, US government hypocrisy, racism, gang crime, pollution, war, and intolerance. The song was rewarded with nominations at the 46th Grammy Awards in 2004 for Record of the Year and Best Rap/Sung Collaboration. The song was the biggest selling single of 2003 in the UK. It was also the 25th best-selling single of the 2000s (decade) in the UK. On May 12, 2013, after 10 years since the song's", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 6 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8689221", "chunk_text": "\"The Love Song (k-os song)\"\nThe Love Song (k-os song) \"\"The Love Song\"\" is the fourth single by k-os from the album Joyful Rebellion. The string arrangements were done by Laura May Elston. The song gained some popularity in New Zealand, Greece and Portugal after being featured on a Vodafone television advertisement. k-os walks across a desert and freestyle battles against an opponent. k-os walks to a monastery with breakdancing being studied and into a room with youngsters sitting on the floor watching a film educating them about the roots and beginnings of Hip Hop culture. The video ends with k-os walking off into the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 7 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18996207", "chunk_text": "\"The Meaning of Love (Michelle McManus song)\"\nThe Meaning of Love (Michelle McManus song) \"\"The Meaning of Love\"\" is the second single from \"\"Pop Idol\"\" winner Michelle McManus, released on 26 January 2004. It did not match the success of her chart-topping debut single \"\"All This Time\"\", reaching number 16 in the UK and number 29 in Ireland. Soon after the single's commercial failure, BMG dropped McManus from the label. The music video premiered in the United Kingdom in January 2004. It shows a man and a woman arguing before making up. \"\"Daily Record\"\" critic John Dingwall called the song a \"\"great ballad\"\"; a colleague of his,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 8 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19868045", "chunk_text": "\"Where Is the Love?\"\nSmith and a 40-member children's choir. All proceeds from the song will go to will.i.am's non-profit foundation, i.am.angel. – the charity funds educational programs and college scholarships. The Black Eyed Peas partnered with issues-driven media company ATTN and foundation education partner and leading geospatial company Esri for the single release campaign. It was the group's last song to feature singer Fergie. An accompanying music video, directed by Michael Jurkovac, also premiered worldwide on Apple Music that same day and shows appearances by the featured vocalists and many celebrities including Connie Britton, Lance Bass, Rosario Dawson, Shailene Woodley, Taye Diggs, Kareem", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 9 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10361893", "chunk_text": "\"What Is Love\"\nWhat Is Love \"\"What Is Love\"\" is a song recorded by Trinidadian-German Eurodance artist Haddaway for his debut album, \"\"The Album\"\". The song is recognizable by its refrain \"\"What is love? Baby don't hurt me, don't hurt me... no more.\"\" It was a massive hit in Europe, becoming a number-one hit in at least 13 countries and reaching number two in Germany, Sweden, and the United Kingdom. Outside Europe, the song was moderately successful, reaching number 11 in the United States, number 12 in Australia, number 17 in Canada, and number 48 in New Zealand. \"\"What Is Love\"\" was written", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 10 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12140376", "chunk_text": "\"Where Is the Love (Roberta Flack and Donny Hathaway song)\"\nat number 31 in Australia. It was included as a bonus track on Ulrich's 1994 album, \"\"Live\"\". In 1993, Price and Urlich were part of Export Music Australia (EMA) and Austrade's second Wizards of Oz promotion. They toured Japan together with the group Yothu Yindi. At the ARIA Music Awards of 1994, the song was nominated for ARIA Award for Best Adult Contemporary Album but lost to \"\"The Journey\"\" by Tommy Emmanuel. Where Is the Love (Roberta Flack and Donny Hathaway song) \"\"Where Is the Love\"\" is a popular song written by Ralph MacDonald and William Salter, and recorded by", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 11 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13159587", "chunk_text": "\"Love (Lana Del Rey song)\"\nLove (Lana Del Rey song) \"\"Love\"\" is a song by the American singer Lana Del Rey. It was released on February 18, 2017, by Polydor Records and Interscope Records, as the lead single from her fifth studio album, \"\"Lust for Life\"\" (2017). The song was written and produced by Del Rey, Benny Blanco, Emile Haynie and Rick Nowels, with additional production by Kieron Menzies. Its release was first teased with promotional posters hung in Los Angeles on February 17, after which the release date was pushed up due to leaked versions of the song surfacing online the same day. The", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 12 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9096494", "chunk_text": "\"Love (Kendrick Lamar song)\"\nto rhythmic radio as the album's third single October 2, 2017. Described by Zacari as \"\"a whole new genre\"\", the song is a love song where Lamar describes his devotion to his fiancée, Whitney Alford. According to fan speculation, the song's lyrics describe Lamar's love and devotion to his fiancée, Whitney Alford. Specifically, Lamar describes the intense passion he has of becoming one with someone else, not just his feelings of sexual desire and affection to her. This is only one possible interpretation, and Kendrick Lamar has not spoken on the meaning of the lyrics. The song has a tempo", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 13 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18210182", "chunk_text": "\"Radar Love\"\nRadar Love \"\"Radar Love\"\" is a song by the Dutch rock band Golden Earring. The single version of \"\"Radar Love\"\" reached #10 on the \"\"Cash Box\"\" Top 100 and #13 in \"\"Billboard\"\" in the United States. It also hit the Top 10 in many countries, including the United Kingdom, Australia, Germany, and Spain. The song is written from the point of view of a car or truck driver who thinks of his beloved \"\"baby\"\", telling that they are able to share their feelings at distance without physical means like telephone or letters. He explains how this works and, while listening", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 14 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13159593", "chunk_text": "\"Love (Lana Del Rey song)\"\nPersonnel </ref> Love (Lana Del Rey song) \"\"Love\"\" is a song by the American singer Lana Del Rey. It was released on February 18, 2017, by Polydor Records and Interscope Records, as the lead single from her fifth studio album, \"\"Lust for Life\"\" (2017). The song was written and produced by Del Rey, Benny Blanco, Emile Haynie and Rick Nowels, with additional production by Kieron Menzies. Its release was first teased with promotional posters hung in Los Angeles on February 17, after which the release date was pushed up due to leaked versions of the song surfacing online the same", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 15 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15613236", "chunk_text": "\"The Trouble with Love Is\"\nThe Trouble with Love Is \"\"The Trouble with Love Is\"\" is a song by American singer-songwriter Kelly Clarkson, for her debut studio album \"\"Thankful\"\" (2003). The song was written by Clarkson with its producers Evan Rogers and Carl Sturken. It was released as the fourth and final single from the album, being first serviced to US contemporary hit radio on November 12, 2003. \"\"The Trouble with Love Is\"\" is an R&B and soul ballad, with elements of gospel music in its chorus. Lyrically, the song finds Clarkson explaining how love can be joyful and sorrowful at the same time. It", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 16 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19868044", "chunk_text": "\"Where Is the Love?\"\nin Seoul, South Korea on September 15, 2017. On August 31, 2016, a new version of the song titled \"\"Where's the Love?\"\" (stylized as \"\"#WHERESTHELOVE\"\"), credited to \"\"The Black Eyed Peas featuring The World\"\" was made available for digital download exclusively on iTunes and released to other digital retailers later that day. The song samples the original track but has additional music composition and features additional vocals from Justin Timberlake, Jamie Foxx, Ty Dolla $ign, Mary J. Blige, Diddy, Cassie, Andra Day, The Game, Tori Kelly, V. Bozeman, Jessie J, French Montana, DJ Khaled, Usher, Nicole Scherzinger, ASAP Rocky, Jaden", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 17 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17420754", "chunk_text": "\"I Want to Know What Love Is\"\nI Want to Know What Love Is \"\"I Want to Know What Love Is\"\" is a power ballad by the British-American rock band Foreigner. It was released in November 1984 as the lead single from their fifth album, \"\"Agent Provocateur\"\". The song hit number one in both the United Kingdom and the United States and is the group's biggest hit to date. It remains one of the band's best-known songs and most enduring radio hits, charting in the top 25 in 2000, 2001, and 2002 on the \"\"Billboard\"\" Hot Adult Contemporary Recurrents chart. \"\"I Want to Know What Love Is\"\"", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 18 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14077512", "chunk_text": "\"What About the Love\"\nwidely considered one of the greatest and most successful Christian albums ever recorded and was named the greatest of all time by CCM Magazine. \"\"What About the Love\"\" was a big success on Christian radio, becoming a No. 1 hit on the Christian music charts in the United States. However, it did not place on any of the major mainstream pop or Adult Contemporary charts. What About the Love \"\"What About the Love\"\" is a song written by Kye Fleming & Janis Ian and released as a 1988 single by Christian music singer Amy Grant. It was released as the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 19 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16670741", "chunk_text": "\"I Want to Know What Love Is\"\nit also titled \"\"I Want to Know What Love Is.\"\" The choir's single peaked at number 37 on the Hot Black Singles chart and number 12 on the Hot Dance Music/Maxi-Singles Sales chart. The Foreigner song was ranked by \"\"Billboard\"\" as the number four \"\"Billboard\"\" Hot 100 single of 1985. It was the band's third Platinum single in the U.S. and their first and only Gold single in the UK. Originally consisting of three verses, a pre-chorus and a chorus, the song was extended with a bridge written by original songwriter Mick Jones specifically for Tina Arena's cover in 1998.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 20 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9096493", "chunk_text": "\"Love (Kendrick Lamar song)\"\nLove (Kendrick Lamar song) \"\"Love\"\" (stylized as \"\"LOVE.\"\") is a song by American rapper Kendrick Lamar, from his fourth studio album \"\"Damn\"\", released on April 14, 2017. The tenth track on the album (fifth on the \"\"Collector's Edition\"\" of \"\"Damn\"\"), the song was written by Lamar, Zacari Pacaldo, Teddy Walton, Sounwave, Greg Kurstin, and Anthony Tiffith, and produced by Teddy Walton, Sounwave, Kurstin, and Tiffith. The song features soul singer Zacari, who is one of three credited musicians on \"\"Damn\"\", the others being Barbadian singer Rihanna on \"\"Loyalty\"\" and Irish rock band U2 on \"\"XXX.\"\" The song was later sent", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 21 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3503228", "chunk_text": "\"The Meaning of Love\"\nby the original song, and afterwards has a new arrangement of music. The video for \"\"The Meaning of Love\"\" was the second video with Alan Wilder, although he did not contribute to the song. The director was Julien Temple. The video was not included on the \"\"Some Great Videos\"\" VHS compilation because it was not well-liked by the band. The single was not released in the United States, but the 12\"\" \"\"Fairly Odd Mix\"\" of the song features on the B-side of the \"\"See You\"\" US 12\"\" single. These are the formats and track listings of major single releases of", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 22 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7266151", "chunk_text": "\"Where Is the Love?\"\nin the world, and apl.de.ap is a criminal who is arrested for using criminal offences to tell people the truth. Justin Timberlake does not appear in the video, although several different people are seen mouthing the chorus as he sings it. The video is similar to a 2002 British television advertisement for T-Mobile, in which a face of a young baby is presented in various forms around a large city, much like the question mark in this video. The Bon Jovi music video \"\"Have a Nice Day\"\" is also similar to both the advertisement and this video. The video features", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 23 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19868038", "chunk_text": "\"Where Is the Love?\"\nThe Black Eyed Peas were worried about this, as getting some assistance from an established pop star like Timberlake had been the original point of this song. A compromise was reached eventually in which Jive gave clearance for the vocals of Timberlake to be released on the song, but he does not appear in the song's music video nor is he officially credited on the song as an artist. By 2008, the single had sold 954,000 digital copies. The song was written by will.i.am, apl.de.ap, Taboo, Justin Timberlake, Ron Fair, Printz Board, George Pajon, Fiona Davies M. Fratantuno, and J.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 24 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13441638", "chunk_text": "Song\nmourning songs, dance songs, work songs, ritual songs and many more. Verse 1: Baby when we touch I feel the power in your eyes, How it lights up the skies, When i see your face It makes my day, Every kiss and touch, Shows that you love me very much.Lift Because it's you and I, When I see your eyes, In the coldest nights, I feel warm inside, When I'm in the dark, Your smile lights up my heart and ignite the sparksChorus Oh, do you see the fire in my eyes, how it lights up the skies, when it's", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 25 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4403985", "chunk_text": "\"(What Is) Love?\"\nthe internet on April 20, 2013. According to Jessica Sager of PopCrush, it picks up where the original song left off. Sager wrote that the song \"\"likely isn't about [Marc] Anthony — but for those new to the song, it's surely easy to interpret it as such. Lopez gets pretty revealing in the new song, addressing a divorce directly and explicitly\"\". Credits adapted from the liner notes of \"\"Love?\"\". (What Is) Love? \"\"(What Is) Love?\"\" is a song recorded by American entertainer Jennifer Lopez. Originally entitled \"\"What Is Love?\"\", the song appeared on the soundtrack to \"\"The Back-up Plan\"\" (2010),", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 26 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2617515", "chunk_text": "\"Where Is the Love (Roberta Flack and Donny Hathaway song)\"\nor Group with Vocals. There have been numerous cover versions of this song: British soul singer Mica Paris and American singer-songwriter Will Downing released a cover of \"\"Where Is the Love\"\" in 1989 for Paris' debut album \"\"So Good\"\". \"\"Where Is the Love\"\" debuted at number twenty-eight on the UK Singles Chart, peaking at number nineteen in its second week before accumulating a total of eight weeks on the chart. CD single Vinyl \"\"Where is the Love\"\" was recorded by Australian singer songwriter Rick Price and New Zealand-born singer-songwriter Margaret Urlich. It was released on 29 November 1993 and peaked", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 27 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6102174", "chunk_text": "\"Love (Kendrick Lamar song)\"\nfrom the official \"\"Damn\"\" digital booklet. Love (Kendrick Lamar song) \"\"Love\"\" (stylized as \"\"LOVE.\"\") is a song by American rapper Kendrick Lamar, from his fourth studio album \"\"Damn\"\", released on April 14, 2017. The tenth track on the album (fifth on the \"\"Collector's Edition\"\" of \"\"Damn\"\"), the song was written by Lamar, Zacari Pacaldo, Teddy Walton, Sounwave, Greg Kurstin, and Anthony Tiffith, and produced by Teddy Walton, Sounwave, Kurstin, and Tiffith. The song features soul singer Zacari, who is one of three credited musicians on \"\"Damn\"\", the others being Barbadian singer Rihanna on \"\"Loyalty\"\" and Irish rock band U2 on", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 28 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19868047", "chunk_text": "\"Where Is the Love?\"\nand police officials (Dallas Police Chief David O. Brown, Officer Miguel Salcedo) and more appear in the video. Credits adapted from the official press release. The Black Eyed Peas also released a bilingual Spanish/English version of \"\"Where's the Love?\"\", titled \"\"Dónde Está El Amor?\"\" crediting The Black Eyed Peas featuring El Mundo. The version was premiered on November 7, 2016, during Premios de la Radio. The music video premiered days later, featuring a roster of Latin stars including Gerardo Ortiz, Milkman, Pepe Aguilar, Becky G, Fey, Paulina Rubio, Luis Coronel and many others. Where Is the Love? \"\"Where Is the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 29 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5693411", "chunk_text": "\"Love (Jana Kramer song)\"\nLove (Jana Kramer song) \"\"Love\"\" is a song recorded by American country music artist Jana Kramer from her second studio album, \"\"Thirty One\"\" (2015). The song was written by Catt Gravitt and Jimmy Robbins, and produced by Scott Hendricks. It was released on June 9, 2014 as the album's first single. The music video was directed by Ryan Lassan and premiered in June 2014. It was filmed in Honduras. Vickye Fisher of forthecountryrecord.com notes that the song has a \"\"fresh approach\"\", and is distinctive because of its \"\"simplicity and catchy hook\"\". It features prominent vocals and simple lyrics, is short", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 30 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11232007", "chunk_text": "\"What Is Love (V. Bozeman song)\"\nWhat Is Love (V. Bozeman song) \"\"What is Love\"\" is a song recorded by American recording artist V. Bozeman for 1st studio album of the TV series \"\"Empire\"\". The song was written by Daniel Jones, Timbaland, Jim Beanz, while Timbaland, Jim Beanz also handled the production. The song received positive reviews from critics. \"\"Billboard\"\" praised \"\"What is Love\"\" as a \"\"captivating performance\"\", it said \"\"As fans will recall, Bozeman put an exclamation point on the first season of Empire...\"\". New York Post said, \"\"In the hip-hop-heavy soundtrack, the impressive tones of V. Bozeman make for a soulful moment. The song", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 31 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6320117", "chunk_text": "\"Love (Keyshia Cole song)\"\nLove (Keyshia Cole song) \"\"Love\"\" is a song by American R&B recording artist Keyshia Cole. It was written by Greg Curtis and Keyshia Cole and produced by Gregory G. Curtis Sr for her debut album, \"\"The Way It Is\"\" (2005), released on January 6, 2006 as the album's fifth single, \"\"Love\"\" emerged as the most successful single from the album. It peaked at number 19 on the US \"\"Billboard\"\" Hot 100 chart and at number three on the Hot R&B/Hip-Hop Songs chart, becoming her breakthrough record after a string of modestly successful singles. Its accompanying music video features R&B singer", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 32 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12158569", "chunk_text": "\"Love (DJ Trevi song)\"\nLove (DJ Trevi song) \"\"Love\"\" is a song by American progressive house and electro house artist Dj Trevi. The song was featured in the documentary \"\"Gay Latino Los Angeles: Coming of Age\"\". A radio and extended version were re-released on December 8, 2012. The song was originally made for personal use as a healing process for DJ Trevi. The producer/DJ had recently come out of an emotional relationship with someone that was HIV positive. He was hurt from parting way, and not the HIV status of the person. He wanted to convey a message that love is love no matter", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 33 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8689222", "chunk_text": "\"The Love Song (k-os song)\"\nsunset with \"\"To Be Continued\"\". Desert scenes were filmed at Sandbanks Provincial Park on Lake Ontario. The Love Song (k-os song) \"\"The Love Song\"\" is the fourth single by k-os from the album Joyful Rebellion. The string arrangements were done by Laura May Elston. The song gained some popularity in New Zealand, Greece and Portugal after being featured on a Vodafone television advertisement. k-os walks across a desert and freestyle battles against an opponent. k-os walks to a monastery with breakdancing being studied and into a room with youngsters sitting on the floor watching a film educating them about the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 34 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17902080", "chunk_text": "\"Where Did All the Love Go?\"\nWhere Did All the Love Go? \"\"Where Did All the Love Go?\"\" is a song by English rock band Kasabian and is the second official single from their third album \"\"West Ryder Pauper Lunatic Asylum\"\". It was released on 10 August 2009. Guitarist Sergio Pizzorno explained the song's meaning to \"\"New Musical Express\"\" stating that \"\"It's sitting at home seeing another kid get stabbed, everyone is scared and going, 'What the fuck is going on?\"\" The song also speaks about the Internet, with Pizzorno elaborating in an interview with \"\"The Sun\"\" that \"\"Kids today grow up really quickly and there's", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 35 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3311982", "chunk_text": "Love\nLove Love encompasses a variety of strong and positive emotional and mental states, ranging from the most sublime virtue or good habit, the deepest interpersonal affection and to the simplest pleasure. An example of this range of meanings is that the love of a mother differs from the love of a spouse, which differs from the love of food. Most commonly, love refers to a feeling of strong attraction and emotional attachment. Love can also be a virtue representing human kindness, compassion, and affection, as \"\"the unselfish loyal and benevolent concern for the good of another\"\". It may also describe", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 36 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19868040", "chunk_text": "\"Where Is the Love?\"\nrelease, the song re-entered the official UK singles charts at 40, eventually peaking at 35. The music video for \"\"Where Is the Love?\"\" was shot in East Los Angeles and features The Black Eyed Peas and various other people, including various young children, asking the world where the love really is. In the video, will.i.am and Taboo act as a soul music road duo who use music to tell people what is wrong with the world, Fergie appears as a peacemaker who places stickers with question marks on them all over the place to ask people where the love is", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 37 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7266152", "chunk_text": "\"Where Is the Love?\"\ngameplay footage of the graphically explicit and controversial video game \"\"Postal 2\"\", in which a group of young children are playing the game. This suggests that violence in the media and entertainment industry affects the morals of children. Near the beginning of the video, posters of the video game \"\"\"\" are shown. British pop band Busted did a rock version of the song, which features on their live album, \"\"\"\". \"\"The Voice UK\"\" contestant Frances Wood sang the song at her audition and chose will.i.am to be her mentor. Japanese pop singer Sho Sakurai of Arashi re-wrote the rap lyrics", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 38 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5009857", "chunk_text": "\"Your Love Is a Song\"\nYour Love Is a Song \"\"Your Love Is a Song\"\" was written and recorded by the alternative rock band Switchfoot. It was first released as a single to the iTunes Store in Australia, and became the third radio single from the band's seventh studio album, \"\"Hello Hurricane\"\". \"\"Your Love Is a Song\"\" first came together as a collaboration between Switchfoot singer Jon Foreman and the hip hop producer Mike Elizondo. The band had arrived at a standstill in the recording process for \"\"Hello Hurricane\"\", having recorded nearly 80 songs and needing an outside perspective to help \"\"make sense of the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 39 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5693412", "chunk_text": "\"Love (Jana Kramer song)\"\nand concise, yet is sung \"\"with passion and conviction\"\". Its upbeat tone creates \"\"a positivity lingering in the air long after the song is over\"\", and will \"\"encourage listeners to want to play it again\"\". Love (Jana Kramer song) \"\"Love\"\" is a song recorded by American country music artist Jana Kramer from her second studio album, \"\"Thirty One\"\" (2015). The song was written by Catt Gravitt and Jimmy Robbins, and produced by Scott Hendricks. It was released on June 9, 2014 as the album's first single. The music video was directed by Ryan Lassan and premiered in June 2014. It", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 40 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9578095", "chunk_text": "\"What Is Love? (Twice song)\"\nWhat Is Love? (Twice song) \"\"What Is Love?\"\" (stylized as \"\"What is Love?\"\") is a song recorded by South Korean girl group Twice, the lead single of their fifth extended play of the same name. The song was released on April 9, 2018 by JYP Entertainment and distributed by Iriver. \"\"What Is Love?\"\" was written and composed by Park Jin-young, who previously produced \"\"Signal\"\", and it was arranged by Lee Woo-min \"\"collapsedone\"\", who co-produced \"\"Knock Knock\"\" and \"\"Candy Pop\"\". According to JYP Entertainment, the song is about \"\"the love girls would dream about or imagine after learning about it through", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 41 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7615899", "chunk_text": "\"Over the Love\"\nOver the Love \"\"Over the Love\"\" is a song recorded by English indie rock band Florence and the Machine for the to Baz Luhrmann's 2013 film adaptation of F. Scott Fitzgerald's 1925 novel, \"\"The Great Gatsby\"\". It appears as the seventh track on the soundtrack. The song was released as the first promotional single from the album on 17 April 2013, available to stream on SoundCloud in the weeks leading up to the soundtrack's release. \"\"Over the Love\"\" is a ballad that builds towards the end and talks about a girl crying over the love for her boyfriend and the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 42 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6661148", "chunk_text": "\"Love You like a Love Song\"\nas \"\"IN-Q\"\", while Devrim Karaoglu co-produced the track. The song, according to Gomez, was meant to sound different from her previous material, achieving a \"\"high fashion\"\" sound. \"\"Love You like a Love Song\"\" is a midtempo electropop song with a Euro disco rhythm. The lyrics deal with a love relationship in its primary stage. \"\"Love You like a Love Song\"\" was a success in North America, peaking at number twenty-two on the \"\"Billboard\"\" Hot 100 and number ten on the Canadian Hot 100. It stands as the band's most successful single in the United States, lasting the longest on the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 43 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "624825", "chunk_text": "Lovestruck\nLovestruck Being lovestruck means having mental and physical symptoms associated with falling in love: 'Love-struck...means to be hit by love...you are hit in your heart by the emotion of love'. While historically being lovestruck has been viewed as a short-lived mental illness brought on by the intense changes associated with romantic love, this view has been out of favor since the humoral model was abandoned, and since the advent of modern scientific psychiatry. The concept is associated with a set of metaphors attempting to convey the speed and intensity of falling in love by describing it as a physical process", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 44 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12502309", "chunk_text": "\"Love (John Lennon song)\"\nLove (John Lennon song) \"\"Love\"\" is a song written and performed by John Lennon, originally released on his debut solo album \"\"John Lennon/Plastic Ono Band\"\" (1970). The song's theme is more upbeat than most of the songs on \"\"Plastic Ono Band\"\". The song first came out on Lennon's 1970 album \"\"John Lennon/Plastic Ono Band\"\". Lennon considered releasing it as a single, but was dropped in favor of \"\"Mother\"\". However, \"\"Love\"\" received considerable airplay at the time from stations who hesitated at playing \"\"Mother\"\". \"\"Love\"\" later appeared on the compilation \"\"The John Lennon Collection\"\" (1982), and was released as a promotional", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 45 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6661154", "chunk_text": "\"Love You like a Love Song\"\n\"\"Love You like a Love Song\"\" is a mid tempo electropop song incorporating an Euro disco rhythm and pulsing beats, According to the digital music sheet published at Musicnotes.com by Universal Music Publishing Group, the song is written in the key of C minor. The song is set in common time and moves through a moderate tempo, having a time signature of 117 beats per minute. Gomez's vocals range from a low register of E to a high register of C. It has a basic descending fifths sequence of C#m-F#m-B-E-A-D#dim-G# with the eighth chord being G# in the verses and", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 46 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20916335", "chunk_text": "\"The Love Song (Rockwell)\"\nThe Love Song (Rockwell) The Love Song is an oil painting by American artist Norman Rockwell, located in the Indianapolis Museum of Art, which is in Indianapolis, Indiana, United States. It originally appeared in the \"\"Ladies Home Journal\"\" in December 1926. It depicts two elderly musicians, on flute and clarinet, playing a duet while a young girl takes a break from sweeping to listen. The painting's title appears on the sheet music from which the musicians play. \"\"The Love Song\"\" depicts one of Rockwell's common themes, the contrast of youth and age, through the wistful young girl and the elderly", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 47 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17514106", "chunk_text": "\"What Is Love? (Clean Bandit album)\"\nWhat Is Love? (Clean Bandit album) What Is Love? is the second studio album by British electronic music group Clean Bandit. It was released on 30 November 2018 by Atlantic Records. It includes the singles \"\"Tears\"\" (featuring Louisa Johnson), \"\"Rockabye\"\" (featuring Sean Paul and Anne-Marie), \"\"Symphony\"\" (featuring Zara Larsson), \"\"I Miss You\"\" (featuring Julia Michaels), \"\"Solo\"\" (featuring Demi Lovato) and \"\"Baby\"\" (featuring Marina and Luis Fonsi). In addition, the album also features collaborations with Ellie Goulding, Rita Ora, Bhad Bhabie, Charli XCX and Tove Styrke. Speaking about the gap between albums, bassist and saxophone player Jack Patterson told \"\"Fault\"\" magazine", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 48 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15938618", "chunk_text": "\"Love (Inna song)\"\nLove (Inna song) \"\"Love\"\" is a song recorded by Romanian singer Inna for her debut studio album, \"\"Hot\"\" (2009). It was released as the second single from the record on 16 February 2009. Written and produced by Play & Win members Sebastian Barac, Radu Bolfea and Marcel Botezan, \"\"Love\"\" is a EDM and house track. Its lyrics revolve around the potential complications related with love. The song was described as containing high-pitched vocals by one reviewer, as well as compared to the work of English rock band New Order. Another critic foresaw the single to be commercially successful. It was", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 49 } ]
test_3590	what type of reaction occurs to form a dipeptide?	n/a	[ "peptide bond" ]	[]	n/a	n/a	n/a	[]	[ { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20860391", "chunk_text": "Dipeptide\nDipeptide A dipeptide is an organic compound derived from two amino acids. The amino acids can be the same or different. When different, two isomers of the dipeptide are possible, depending on the sequence. Similar descriptions apply to tripeptide (three amino acid residues, two peptide bonds), tetrapeptide, and so on; longer chains are called oligopeptide, polypeptide, protein. Dipeptides are produced by coupling amino acids. The amino group on one amino acid is rendered non-nucleophilic (P in eq) and the carboxylic acid group in the second amino acid is deactivated as its methyl ester. The two modified amino acids are then", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 0 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20860392", "chunk_text": "Dipeptide\ncombined in the presence of a coupling agent, which facilitates formation of the amide bond: Subsequent to this coupling reaction, the amine protecting group P and the ester are converted to the free amine and carboxylic acid, respectively. For many amino acids, the ancillary functional groups are protected. The condensation of the amine and the carboxylic acid to form the peptide bond generally employs coupling agents to activate the carboxylic acid. The Bergmann azlactone peptide synthesis is a classic organic synthesis for the preparation of dipeptides. Dipeptides are produced from polypeptides by the action of the hydrolase enzyme dipeptidyl peptidase.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 1 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10523303", "chunk_text": "\"Peptide bond\"\nmoiety of one coming near the non-side chain (N2) amino moiety of the other. One loses a hydrogen and oxygen from its carboxyl group (COOH) and the other loses a hydrogen from its amino group (NH). This reaction produces a molecule of water (HO) and two amino acids joined by a peptide bond (-CO-NH-). The two joined amino acids are called a dipeptide. The amide bond is synthesized when the carboxyl group of one amino acid molecule reacts with the amino group of the other amino acid molecule, causing the release of a molecule of water (HO), hence the process", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 2 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18579897", "chunk_text": "\"Dimer (chemistry)\"\nare called dipeptides. An example is glycylglycine, consisting of two glycine molecules joined by a peptide bond. Other examples are aspartame and carnosine. Pyrimidine dimers are formed by a photochemical reaction from pyrimidine DNA bases. This cross-linking causes DNA mutations, which can be carcinogenic, causing skin cancers. Dimer (chemistry) A dimer () (\"\"di-\"\", \"\"two\"\" + \"\"-mer\"\", \"\"parts\"\") is an oligomer consisting of two monomers joined by bonds that can be either strong or weak, covalent or intermolecular. The term \"\"homodimer\"\" is used when the two molecules are identical (e.g. A-A) and \"\"heterodimer\"\" when they are not (e.g. A-B). The reverse", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 3 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5691636", "chunk_text": "2,5-Diketopiperazine\ndipeptides can be formed by coupling two amino acids together by the many methods of peptide synthesis or by using the Ugi reaction of an isonitrile, amino acid, aldehyde and amine, followed by deprotection. Dipeptides substituted with an amine at one terminus and an ester at the other 1 can spontaneously cyclize to form a 2,5-diketopiperazine at a range of pHs. However, careful selection of reaction conditions is required to limit racemization. This has been achieved in a general, efficient, and environmentally benign solution-phase synthesis of 2,5-diketopiperazines using microwave-assisted heating in water, which in contrast to other published methods is", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 4 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2584476", "chunk_text": "Peptide\nPeptide Peptides (from Gr.: πεπτός, \"\"peptós\"\" \"\"digested\"\"; derived from πέσσειν, \"\"péssein\"\" \"\"to digest\"\") are short chains of amino acid monomers linked by peptide (amide) bonds. The covalent chemical bonds are formed when the carboxyl group of one amino acid reacts with the amino group of another. The shortest peptides are dipeptides, consisting of 2 amino acids joined by a single peptide bond, followed by tripeptides, tetrapeptides, etc. A polypeptide is a long, continuous, and unbranched peptide chain. Hence, peptides fall under the broad chemical classes of biological oligomers and polymers, alongside nucleic acids, oligosaccharides and polysaccharides, etc. Peptides are distinguished", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 5 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8896127", "chunk_text": "\"Elementary reaction\"\nElementary reaction An elementary reaction is a chemical reaction in which one or more chemical species react directly to form products in a single reaction step and with a single transition state. In practice, a reaction is assumed to be elementary if no reaction intermediates have been detected or need to be postulated to describe the reaction on a molecular scale. An apparently elementary reaction may be in fact a stepwise reaction, i.e. a complicated sequence of chemical reactions, with reaction intermediates of variable lifetimes. In a unimolecular elementary reaction, a molecule A dissociates or isomerises to form the products(s)", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 6 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10523302", "chunk_text": "\"Peptide bond\"\nPeptide bond A peptide bond is an amide type of covalent chemical bond linking two consecutive alpha-amino acids from C1 (carbon number one) of one alpha-amino acid and N2 (nitrogen number two) of another along a peptide or protein chain. It can also be called an eupeptide bond to separate it from an isopeptide bond, a different type of amide bond between two amino acids. When two amino acids form a \"\"dipeptide\"\" through a \"\"peptide bond\"\" it is type of condensation reaction. In this kind of condensation, two amino acids approach each other, with the non-side chain (C1) carboxylic acid", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 7 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10596579", "chunk_text": "\"Condensation reaction\"\nCondensation reaction A condensation reaction is a class of an organic addition reaction that proceeds in a step-wise fashion to produce the addition product, usually in equilibrium, and a water molecule (hence named condensation). The reaction may otherwise involve the formation of ammonia, ethanol, or acetic acid. It is a versatile class of reactions that can occur in acidic or basic conditions or in the presence of a catalyst. This class of reactions is a vital part of life as it is essential to the formation of peptide bonds between amino acids and the biosynthesis of fatty acids. Many variations", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 8 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9246204", "chunk_text": "\"Peptide synthesis\"\nPeptide synthesis In organic chemistry, peptide synthesis is the production of peptides, compounds where multiple amino acids are linked via amide bonds, also known as peptide bonds. Peptides are chemically synthesized by the condensation reaction of the carboxyl group of one amino acid to the amino group of another. Protecting group strategies are usually necessary to prevent undesirable side reactions with the various amino acid side chains. Chemical peptide synthesis most commonly starts at the carboxyl end of the peptide (C-terminus), and proceeds toward the amino-terminus (N-terminus). Protein biosynthesis (long peptides) in living organisms occurs in the opposite direction. The", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 9 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1782971", "chunk_text": "\"Anaplerotic reactions\"\nAnaplerotic reactions Anaplerotic reactions (from the Greek ἀνά= 'up' and πληρόω= 'to fill') are chemical reactions that form intermediates of a metabolic pathway. Examples of such are found in the citric acid cycle (TCA cycle). In normal function of this cycle for respiration, concentrations of TCA intermediates remain constant; however, many biosynthetic reactions also use these molecules as a substrate. Anaplerosis is the act of replenishing TCA cycle intermediates that have been extracted for biosynthesis (in what are called anaplerotic reactions). The TCA cycle is a hub of metabolism, with central importance in both energy production and biosynthesis. Therefore, it", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 10 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20860393", "chunk_text": "Dipeptide\nDietary proteins are digested to dipeptides and amino acids, and the dipeptides are absorbed more rapidly than the amino acids, because their uptake involves a separate mechanism. Dipeptides activate G-cells found in the stomach to secrete gastrin. In this usage, \"\"X dipeptide\"\" is taken literally: One amino acid \"\"X\"\" is equipped with two minimal peptide bonds: The C terminus COOH becomes COCH, the N terminus NH becomes NHCH. For instance, alanine dipeptide is CHCONHCH(CH)CONHCH. Dipeptide A dipeptide is an organic compound derived from two amino acids. The amino acids can be the same or different. When different, two isomers of", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 11 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9987326", "chunk_text": "\"Prokaryotic translation\"\nprocess, known as \"\"peptide bond formation\"\", is catalyzed by a ribozyme (the 23S ribosomal RNA in the 50S ribosomal subunit). Now, the A site has the newly formed peptide, while the P site has an uncharged tRNA (tRNA with no amino acids). The newly formed peptide in the A site tRNA is known as \"\"dipeptide\"\" and the whole assembly is called \"\"dipeptidyl-tRNA\"\". The tRNA in the P site minus the amino acid is known to be \"\"deacylated\"\". In the final stage of elongation, called \"\"translocation\"\", the \"\"deacylated\"\" tRNA (in the P site) and the \"\"dipeptidyl-tRNA\"\" (in the A site) along", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 12 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9729782", "chunk_text": "\"Bornyl diphosphate synthase\"\nBornyl diphosphate synthase In enzymology, bornyl diphosphate synthase (BPPS) () is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction Bornyl diphosphate synthase is involved in the biosynthesis of the cyclic monoterpenoid bornyl diphosphate. As seen from the reaction above, BPPS takes geranyl diphosphate as its only substrate and isomerizes into the product, (+)- bornyl diphosphate. This reaction comes from a general class of enzymes called terpene synthases that cyclize a universal precursor, geranyl diphosphate, to form varying monocyclic and bicyclic monoterpenes. The biochemical transformation of geranyl diphosphate to cyclic products occurs in a variety of aromatic plants, including both angiosperms and", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 13 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10436965", "chunk_text": "\"Side reaction\"\nSide reaction A side reaction is a chemical reaction that occurs at the same time as the actual main reaction, but to a lesser extent. It leads to the formation of by-product, so that the yield of main product is reduced: P is the main product if k> k. The by-product P is generally undesirable and must be separated from the actual main product (usually in a costly process). B and C from the above equations usually represent different compounds. However, they could also just be different positions in the same molecule. A side reaction is also referred to as", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 14 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11563114", "chunk_text": "\"Reaction intermediate\"\nReaction intermediate A reaction intermediate or an intermediate is a molecular entity that is formed from the reactants (or preceding intermediates) and reacts further to give the directly observed products of a chemical reaction. Most chemical reactions are stepwise, that is they take more than one elementary step to complete. An intermediate is the reaction product of each of these steps, except for the last one, which forms the final product. Reactive intermediates are usually short lived and are very seldom isolated. Also, owing to the short lifetime, they do not remain in the product mixture. For example, consider this", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 15 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2282920", "chunk_text": "Isomerase\neffects, accounting for the dramatic increase in the reaction rate in the presence of the mutase or upon addition of a specifically-placed cation in the active site. Isopentenyl-diphosphate delta isomerase type I (also known as IPP isomerase) is seen in cholesterol synthesis and in particular it catalyzes the conversion of isopentenyl diphosphate (IPP) to dimethylallyl diphosphate (DMAPP). In this isomerization reaction a stable carbon-carbon double bond is rearranged top create a highly electrophilic allylic isomer. IPP isomerase catalyzes this reaction by the stereoselective antarafacial transposition of a single proton. The double bond is protonated at C4 to form a tertiary", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 16 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16676358", "chunk_text": "\"Isopeptide bond\"\nits side chain. These amino acids among other similar amino acids may join together or with some other amino acids to form an isopeptide bond. Isopeptide bond may also form between a γ-carboxamide group ( -(C=O)NH ) of glutamine and primary amine ( RNH ) of some amino acid as follows Bond formation can be either enzyme catalyzed, as in the case for the isopeptide bond formed between lysine and glutamine catalyzed by transglutaminases (their reaction is similar to the reaction above), or it can form spontaneously as observed in HK97 bacteriophage capsid formation and Gram-positive bacterial pili. Spontaneous isopeptide", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 17 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11452296", "chunk_text": "\"Peptide bond\"\nis a dehydration synthesis reaction. The formation of the peptide bond consumes energy, which, in organisms, is derived from ATP. Peptides and proteins are chains of amino acids held together by peptide bonds (and sometimes by a few isopeptide bonds). Organisms use enzymes to produce nonribosomal peptides, and ribosomes to produce proteins via reactions that differ in details from dehydration synthesis. Some peptides, like alpha-amanitin, are called ribosomal peptides as they are made by ribosomes, but many are nonribosomal peptides as they are synthesized by specialized enzymes rather than ribosomes. For example, the tripeptide glutathione is synthesized in two steps", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 18 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16676357", "chunk_text": "\"Isopeptide bond\"\nIsopeptide bond An isopeptide bond is an amide bond that can form for example between the carboxyl group of one amino acid and the amino group of another. At least one of these joining groups is part of the side chain of one of these amino acids. This is unlike in a peptide bond which is sometimes called an \"\"eupeptide\"\" bond, especially when discussing about both of these bond types in the same context to make a distinction between the two. Lysine for example has an amino group on its side chain and glutamic acid has a carboxy group on", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 19 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17190101", "chunk_text": "Exopeptidase\nExopeptidase An exopeptidase is any peptidase that catalyzes the cleavage of the terminal (or the penultimate) peptide bond; the process releases a single amino acid or dipeptide from the peptide chain. Depending on whether the amino acid is released from the amino or the carboxy terminal, an exopeptidase is further classified as an aminopeptidase or a carboxypeptidase, respectively. Thus, an aminopeptidase, an enzyme in the brush border of the small intestine, will cleave a single amino acid from the amino terminal, whereas carboxypeptidase, which is a digestive enzyme present in pancreatic juice, will cleave a single amino acid from the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 20 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5506543", "chunk_text": "\"Solid-phase synthesis\"\nsynthesised in the opposite direction in cells. In peptide synthesis, an amino-protected amino acid is bound to a solid phase material (most commonly, low cross-linked polystyrene beads), forming a covalent bond between the carbonyl group and the resin, most often an amido or an ester bond. Then the amino group is deprotected and reacted with the carbonyl group of the next amino-protected amino acid. The solid phase now bears a dipeptide. This cycle is repeated to form the desired peptide chain. After all reactions are complete, the synthesised peptide is cleaved from the bead. The protecting groups for the amino", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 21 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6382396", "chunk_text": "Juvabione\n(Scheme 1), dissociation of the terminal diphosphate from the FPP precursor generates the (\"\"E\"\",\"\"E\"\")-farnesyl allylic cation, leading to nerolidyl diphosphate (NPP). NPP is another precursor that can undergo different reaction types, but in this case, bisabolene synthase directs a single cyclization event by electrophilic attack of C-1 onto the double bond of C-6 to form a six-membered ring. Deprotonation of the resultant tertiary cation yields (\"\"E\"\")-α-bisabolene. Currently, the mechanistic details describing the conversion of (\"\"E\"\")-α-bisabolene to (+)-juvabione and (+)-todomatuic acid have not been fully described. Scheme 1. Biosynthetic pathway for the synthesis of juvabione and todomatuic acid from FPP precursor.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 22 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3103484", "chunk_text": "\"Maillard reaction\"\nMaillard reaction The Maillard reaction ( ; ) is a chemical reaction between amino acids and reducing sugars that gives browned food its distinctive flavour. Seared steaks, pan-fried dumplings, cookies and other kinds of biscuits, breads, toasted marshmallows, and many other foods undergo this reaction. It is named after French chemist Louis-Camille Maillard, who first described it in 1912 while attempting to reproduce biological protein synthesis. The reaction is a form of non-enzymatic browning which typically proceeds rapidly from around . Many recipes call for an oven temperature high enough to ensure that a Maillard reaction occurs. At higher temperatures,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 23 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10376907", "chunk_text": "\"Amino acid\"\na peptide bond formed between the side chain carboxyl of the glutamate (the gamma carbon of this side chain) and the amino group of the cysteine. This dipeptide is then condensed with glycine by glutathione synthetase to form glutathione. In chemistry, peptides are synthesized by a variety of reactions. One of the most-used in solid-phase peptide synthesis uses the aromatic oxime derivatives of amino acids as activated units. These are added in sequence onto the growing peptide chain, which is attached to a solid resin support. The ability to easily synthesize vast numbers of different peptides by varying the types", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 24 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11563119", "chunk_text": "\"Reaction intermediate\"\nof itself, and is typically only bought and sold by chemical companies. Reaction intermediate A reaction intermediate or an intermediate is a molecular entity that is formed from the reactants (or preceding intermediates) and reacts further to give the directly observed products of a chemical reaction. Most chemical reactions are stepwise, that is they take more than one elementary step to complete. An intermediate is the reaction product of each of these steps, except for the last one, which forms the final product. Reactive intermediates are usually short lived and are very seldom isolated. Also, owing to the short lifetime,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 25 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20775880", "chunk_text": "\"Maillard reaction\"\ncalled acrylamide can be formed. In the process, hundreds of different flavor compounds are created. These compounds, in turn, break down to form yet more new flavor compounds, and so on. Each type of food has very distinctive flavor compounds that are formed during the Maillard reaction. Flavor scientists have used these same compounds over the years to make artificial flavors. In 1912, Maillard published a paper to explain what happens when amino acids react with sugars at elevated temperatures. However, chemist John E. Hodge, working at the U.S. Department of Agriculture in Peoria, Illinois, published a paper in 1953", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 26 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10523305", "chunk_text": "\"Peptide bond\"\nfrom free amino acids, by two enzymes: glutamate–cysteine ligase (forms an isopeptide bond, which is not a peptide bond) and glutathione synthetase (forms a peptide bond). A peptide bond can be broken by hydrolysis (the addition of water). In the presence of water they will break down and release 8–16 kilojoule/mol (2–4 kcal/mol) of Gibbs energy. This process is extremely slow, with the half life at 25 °C of between 350 and 600 years per bond. In living organisms, the process is normally catalyzed by enzymes known as peptidases or proteases, although there are reports of peptide bond hydrolysis caused", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 27 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3892698", "chunk_text": "Biosynthesis\n(e.g.NADH, NADPH). These elements create monomers, the building blocks for macromolecules. Some important biological macromolecules include: proteins, which are composed of amino acid monomers joined via peptide bonds, and DNA molecules, which are composed of nucleotides joined via phosphodiester bonds. Biosynthesis occurs due to a series of chemical reactions. For these reactions to take place, the following elements are necessary: In the simplest sense, the reactions that occur in biosynthesis have the following format: Some variations of this basic equation which will be discussed later in more detail are: Many intricate macromolecules are synthesized in a pattern of simple, repeated", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 28 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17190102", "chunk_text": "Exopeptidase\ncarboxylic end of the peptide. Exopeptidase An exopeptidase is any peptidase that catalyzes the cleavage of the terminal (or the penultimate) peptide bond; the process releases a single amino acid or dipeptide from the peptide chain. Depending on whether the amino acid is released from the amino or the carboxy terminal, an exopeptidase is further classified as an aminopeptidase or a carboxypeptidase, respectively. Thus, an aminopeptidase, an enzyme in the brush border of the small intestine, will cleave a single amino acid from the amino terminal, whereas carboxypeptidase, which is a digestive enzyme present in pancreatic juice, will cleave a", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 29 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18810532", "chunk_text": "Nosiheptide\nthrough a thioester linkage. After methylation and oxidation of the indole, the second macrocycle is formed by reaction of the indole hydroxyl group with the free carboxyl group of the nearby glutamate residue. The now fused bicyclic peptide undergoes several oxidations and partial cleavage of the C-terminal dehydroalanine residue to give the mature nosiheptide. The translation and modification of the precursor peptide is undertaken by several enzymes encoded in a localized gene cluster containing 14 structural genes and 1 regulatory gene. One of these genes encodes the peptide, and the others are responsible for the posttranslational modifications. The first total", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 30 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10596580", "chunk_text": "\"Condensation reaction\"\nof condensation reactions exist, common examples include the aldol condensation, Claisen condensation, Knoevenagel condensation, and the Dieckman condensation (intramolecular Claisen condensation). Condensation reaction A condensation reaction is a class of an organic addition reaction that proceeds in a step-wise fashion to produce the addition product, usually in equilibrium, and a water molecule (hence named condensation). The reaction may otherwise involve the formation of ammonia, ethanol, or acetic acid. It is a versatile class of reactions that can occur in acidic or basic conditions or in the presence of a catalyst. This class of reactions is a vital part of life", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 31 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3870999", "chunk_text": "\"Diphenylphosphoryl azide\"\nDiphenylphosphoryl azide Diphenylphosphoryl azide (DPPA) is an organic compound. It is widely used as a reagent in the synthesis of other organic compounds. DPPA undergoes pseudohalogen replacement of the azido group by treatment with nucleophilic reagents, such as ammonia and various amines. This compound is used as a reagent for the synthesis of peptides by virtue of its reactions with carboxylic acids leading to either the urethane or the amide. The formation of the urethane is particularly valuable since it works with carboxylic acids which fail to undergo the Schmidt reaction, and is believed to involve transfer of the azido", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 32 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10523310", "chunk_text": "\"Peptide bond\"\nless than similar compounds such as esters. Nevertheless, peptide bonds can undergo chemical reactions, usually through an attack of an electronegative atom on the carbonyl carbon, breaking the carbonyl double bond and forming a tetrahedral intermediate. This is the pathway followed in proteolysis and, more generally, in N-O acyl exchange reactions such as those of inteins. When the functional group attacking the peptide bond is a thiol, hydroxyl or amine, the resulting molecule may be called a cyclol or, more specifically, a thiacyclol, an oxacyclol or an azacyclol, respectively. Peptide bond A peptide bond is an amide type of covalent", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 33 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6094649", "chunk_text": "Isopeptidase\nIsopeptidase An isopeptidase is a protease enzyme that hydrolyzes isopeptide bonds, or amide bonds that occur outside the main chain in a polypeptide chain. Isopeptide bonds occur in the linkage of protein amino acid side chains to proteins such as ubiquitin and SUMO in the protein degradation pathway. In eukaryotes, enzymes with isopeptidase activity are often involved in this pathway; all five classes of deubiquitinating enzymes have isopeptidase activity. Examples include Ulp1 peptidase and USP5 (formerly known as isopeptidase T). Isopeptidases have also been identified in prokaryotes that express lasso peptides, or peptides with a knotted conformation established by the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 34 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "223322", "chunk_text": "Adduct\nAdduct An adduct (from the Latin \"\"adductus\"\", \"\"drawn toward\"\" alternatively, a contraction of \"\"addition product\"\") is a product of a direct addition of two or more distinct molecules, resulting in a single reaction product containing all atoms of all components. The resultant is considered a distinct molecular species. Examples include the addition of sodium bisulfite to an aldehyde to give a sulfonate. It can just be considered as a single product resulting from direct addition of different molecules and constitutes all the reactant molecules' atoms. Adducts often form between Lewis acids and Lewis bases. A good example is the formation", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 35 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15118363", "chunk_text": "\"Peptide synthesis\"\ncoupling reagents are described beloware . Carbodiimides such as dicyclohexylcarbodiimide (DCC) and diisopropylcarbodiimide (DIC) are frequently used for amide bond formation. The reaction proceeds via the formation of a highly reactive \"\"O\"\"-acylisourea. This reactive intermediate is attacked by the peptide N-terminal amine, forming a peptide bond. Formation of the \"\"O\"\"-acylisourea proceeds fastest in non-polar solvents such as dichloromethane. DIC is particularly useful for SPPS since as a liquid it is easily dispensed, and the urea byproduct (N,N'-Diisopropylcarbodiimide is easily washed away. Conversely, the related carbodiimide 1-Ethyl-3-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)carbodiimide (EDC) is often used for solution-phase peptide couplings as its urea byproduct can be", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 36 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8896130", "chunk_text": "\"Elementary reaction\"\nrate equations are possible in terms of steady-state or Michaelis-Menten approximations. Elementary reaction An elementary reaction is a chemical reaction in which one or more chemical species react directly to form products in a single reaction step and with a single transition state. In practice, a reaction is assumed to be elementary if no reaction intermediates have been detected or need to be postulated to describe the reaction on a molecular scale. An apparently elementary reaction may be in fact a stepwise reaction, i.e. a complicated sequence of chemical reactions, with reaction intermediates of variable lifetimes. In a unimolecular elementary", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 37 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19909981", "chunk_text": "\"Thymidine diphosphate glucose\"\na combined oxidation/reduction reaction via the enzyme dTDP-glucose 4,6-dehydratase, producing dTDP-4-keto-6-deoxy-glucose. Thymidine diphosphate glucose Thymidine diphosphate glucose (often abbreviated dTDP-glucose or TDP-glucose) is a nucleotide-linked sugar consisting of deoxythymidine diphosphate linked to glucose. It is the starting compound for the syntheses of many deoxysugars. DTDP-glucose is produced by the enzyme glucose-1-phosphate thymidylyltransferase and is synthesized from dTTP and glucose-1-phosphate. Pyrophosphate is a byproduct of the reaction. DTDP-glucose goes on to form a variety of compounds in nucleotide sugars metabolism. Many bacteria utilize dTDP-glucose to form exotic sugars that are incorporated into their lipopolysaccharides or into secondary metabolites such as antibiotics.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 38 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7994118", "chunk_text": "Formylation\nFormylation In biochemistry, the addition of a formyl functional group is termed formylation. A formyl functional group consists of a carbonyl bonded to hydrogen. When attached to an R group, a formyl group is called an aldehyde. Formylation has been identified in several critical biological processes. Methionine was first discovered to be formylated in \"\"E. coli\"\" by Marcker and Sanger in 1964 and was later identified to be involved in the initiation of protein synthesis in bacteria and organelles. The formation of \"\"N\"\"-formylmethionine is catalyzed by the enzyme methionyl-tRNAMet transformylase. Additionally, two formylation reactions occur in the de novo biosynthesis", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 39 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12695085", "chunk_text": "Aminolysis\nAminolysis Aminolysis is any chemical reaction in which a molecule is split into two parts by reacting with a molecule of ammonia or an amine. An example of an aminolysis reaction is the replacement of a halogen in an alkyl group (R-X) by an amine (R'-NH) and the elimination of hydrogen halide (HX). Another common example is the reaction of a primary amine or secondary amine with a carboxylic acid or with a carboxylic acid derivative to form an amide. This reaction is widely used, especially in the synthesis of peptides. On the simple addition of an amine to a", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 40 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18892247", "chunk_text": "Pseudoproline\ndipeptides. These derivatives disrupt the interactions among chains that are usually the cause of poor coupling yields in aggregated sequences. A large arsenal of chemical tools is now available for the synthesis of almost all peptides up to 40 amino acid residues. However, several small-size peptides and many large peptides and/or proteins are still unavailable by classical methods. Recently, an efficient stepwise solid-phase synthesis of RANTES (24-91) was published. RANTES is a major HIV-suppressive factor produced by CD8+ T Cells. The serine protease CD26/dipeptidyl-peptidase IV (CD26/DPP IV) induces a NH2-terminal truncation from RANTES (1-91) to RANTES(24-91), which inhibits the infection", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 41 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6010624", "chunk_text": "\"Multi-component reaction\"\nreaction with the Asinger reaction. MCR's are an important tool in new drug discovery. MCR's can often be extended into combinatorial, solid phase or flow syntheses for developing new lead structures of active agents. Multi-component reaction In chemistry, a multi-component reaction (or MCR), sometimes referred to as a \"\"Multi-component Assembly Process\"\" (or MCAP), is a chemical reaction where three or more compounds react to form a single product. By definition, multicomponent reactions are those reactions whereby more than two reactants combine in a sequential manner to give highly selective products that retain majority of the atoms of the starting material.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 42 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15836402", "chunk_text": "Undecaprenyl-diphosphatase\nUndecaprenyl-diphosphatase In enzymology, an undecaprenyl-diphosphatase () is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction Thus, the two substrates of this enzyme are undecaprenyl diphosphate and HO, whereas its two products are undecaprenyl phosphate and phosphate. The enzymatic activity is enhanced by divalent cations, particularly Ca. In many bacteria, this enzyme is a membrane protein that participates in peptidoglycan biosynthesis. The enzyme has been implicated in conferring resistance to the antibiotic bacitracin. This enzyme belongs to the family of hydrolases, specifically those acting on acid anhydrides in phosphorus-containing anhydrides. The systematic name of this enzyme class is undecaprenyl-diphosphate phosphohydrolase. Other names", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 43 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12216414", "chunk_text": "Reagent\nReagent A reagent is a substance or compound added to a system to cause a chemical reaction, or added to test if a reaction occurs. The terms \"\"reactant\"\" and \"\"reagent\"\" are often used interchangeably—however, a reactant is more specifically a substance \"\"consumed\"\" in the course of a chemical reaction. \"\"Solvents\"\", though involved in the reaction, are usually not called reactants. Similarly, \"\"catalysts\"\" are not consumed by the reaction, so they are not reactants. In biochemistry, especially in connection with enzyme-catalyzed reactions, the reactants are commonly called substrates. In organic chemistry, the term \"\"reagent\"\" denotes a chemical ingredient (a compound or", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 44 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9841710", "chunk_text": "Isoaspartate\nIsoaspartate Isoaspartic acid (isoaspartate) is an amino acid that is an isomer of aspartic acid. It is formed via a chemical reaction in which the nitrogen atom on the N+1 following peptide bond (in black at top right of Figure 1) nucleophilically attacks the γ-carbon of the side chain of an asparagine or aspartic acid residue, forming a succinimide intermediate (in red). Hydrolysis of the intermediate results in two products, either aspartic acid (in black at left) or isoaspartic acid, which is a β-amino acid (in green at bottom right). The reaction also results in the deamidation of the asparagine", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 45 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4823222", "chunk_text": "\"Peptide deformylase\"\nPeptide deformylase In enzymology, a peptide deformylase () is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction Thus, the two substrates of this enzyme are formyl-L-methionyl peptide and HO, whereas its two products are formate and methionyl peptide. This enzyme belongs to the family of hydrolases, those acting on carbon-nitrogen bonds other than peptide bonds, specifically in linear amides. The systematic name of this enzyme class is formyl-L-methionyl peptide amidohydrolase. As of late 2007, 34 structures have been solved for this class of enzymes, with PDB accession codes , , , , , , , , , , , , ,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 46 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12698471", "chunk_text": "Metalloexopeptidase\nMetalloexopeptidase A metalloexopeptidase is a type of enzyme that acts as a metalloproteinase exopeptidase. These enzymes have a catalytic mechanism involving a metal, often zinc. They function in molecular biology as agents that cut the terminal (or penultimate) peptide bonds ending peptide chains. Analogous to slicing the end off a loaf of bread, the process releases a single amino acid (or dipeptide) for use. The terms \"\"metallo carboxypeptidase\"\", \"\"metallo-carboxypeptidase\"\" and \"\"metallocarboxypeptidase\"\" are used to describe a metalloexopeptidase carboxypeptidase. These peptidases specifically target the C-terminus, the unbound carboxyl group (-COOH) at one distinct end of the amino acid chain (cutting one", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 47 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13335476", "chunk_text": "Proteolysis\nto the final functional form of protein is termed proprotein, and these proproteins may be first synthesized as preproprotein. For example, albumin is first synthesized as preproalbumin and contains an uncleaved signal peptide. This forms the proalbumin after the signal peptide is cleaved, and a further processing to remove the N-terminal 6-residue propeptide yields the mature form of the protein. The initiating methionine (and, in prokaryotes, fMet) may be removed during translation of the nascent protein. For \"\"E. coli\"\", fMet is efficiently removed if the second residue is small and uncharged, but not if the second residue is bulky and", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 48 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11030633", "chunk_text": "N-Formylmethionine-leucyl-phenylalanine\nN-Formylmethionine-leucyl-phenylalanine N\"\"-Formylmethionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine (FMLP) or N\"\"-formyl-met-leu-phe) is an \"\"N\"\"-formylated tripeptide and sometimes simply referred to as chemotactic peptide is a potent polymorphonuclear leukocyte (PMN) chemotactic factor and is also a macrophage activator. FMLP is the prototypical representative of the \"\"N\"\"-fomylated oligopeptide family of chemotactic factors. These oligopeptides are known to be, or mimic the actions of, the \"\"N\"\"-formyl oligopeptides that are (a) released by tissue bacteria, (b) attract and activate circulating blood leukocytes by binding to specific G protein coupled receptors on these cells, and (c) thereby direct the inflammatory response to sites of bacterial invasion. FMLP is involved in the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 49 } ]
test_3591	when did india win their first cricket match?	n/a	[ "1952" ]	[]	n/a	n/a	n/a	[]	[ { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18387609", "chunk_text": "\"Sport in India\"\nIndia. Cricket has a long history in India, having been introduced in the country during the British rule. It is the most popular sport by a wide margin in India . Cricket is played on local, national, and international levels, and enjoys consistent support from people in most parts of India. Its development has been closely tied in with the history of the country, mirroring many of the political and cultural developments around issues such as caste, gender, religion, and nationality. The Indian national cricket team played its first official match (a Test) in 1932 against England, and the team's", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 0 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16038625", "chunk_text": "\"India national cricket team\"\nIndia national cricket team The India national cricket team, also known as Team India and Men in Blue, is governed by the Board of Control for Cricket in India (BCCI), and is a full member of the International Cricket Council (ICC) with Test, One Day International (ODI) and Twenty20 International (T20I) status. Although cricket was introduced to India by European merchant sailors in the 18th century, and the first cricket club was established in Calcutta (currently known as Kolkata) in 1792, India's national cricket team did not play its first Test match until 25 June 1932 at Lord's, becoming the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 1 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16038629", "chunk_text": "\"India national cricket team\"\nto India in the early 1700s, with the first cricket match played in 1721. In 1848, the Parsi community in Bombay formed the Oriental Cricket Club, the first cricket club to be established by Indians. After slow beginnings, the Europeans eventually invited the Parsis to play a match in 1877. By 1912, the Parsis, Sikhs, Hindus and Muslims of Bombay played a quadrangular tournament with the Europeans every year. In the early 1900s, some Indians went on to play for the England cricket team. Some of these, such as Ranjitsinhji and KS Duleepsinhji were greatly appreciated by the British and", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 2 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5091454", "chunk_text": "\"History of the Indian cricket team\"\nHistory of the Indian cricket team The Indian cricket team made its Test cricket debut in 1931 and has since advanced to be among the top four test teams in the ICC rankings in each of 2005 to 2008. The team won the ODI Cricket World Cup in 1983 and 2011. In other major International victories, Team India won the inaugural Twenty20 World Cup in 2007 and ICC Champions Trophy in 2013. A few Indians played as members of the English cricket team while India was under British rule, including Ranjitsinhji and KS Duleepsinhji, but India made its debut as", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 3 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19513527", "chunk_text": "\"Cricket in India\"\nsports league in the world and the biggest cricket league in the world. The Indian cricket team is also accredited with the honour of winning all the ICC tournaments under M.S. Dhoni's captaincy, which is a world record. The first ever match of first-class cricket played in India was in 1864 which was Madras vs Calcutta. Not many records exist from the match, however, it is known that the Man of the match was Praveen Chauhan. He played for Calcutta, but he was from Panipat. Furthermore, the Best fielder was Ashwani Sharma. Just like Chauhan, he was from Panipat as", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 4 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14505447", "chunk_text": "\"History of cricket in India from 1918–19 to 1945\"\nfirst winner was Bombay. Since then India has undergone many changes in its cricket history. The lists below give the leading first-class runscorers and wicket-takers in each domestic season. India's debut in Test cricket was in the 1932 English season when they played England at Lord's Cricket Ground. England won by 158 runs. The MCC tour was from October 1926 to February 1927. Captained by Arthur Gilligan, the team played 26 first-class matches in India and a further four first-class matches in Ceylon. Team members included Maurice Leyland, Andy Sandham, Bob Wyatt, Arthur Dolphin, George Geary, Ewart Astill and George", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 5 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5091456", "chunk_text": "\"History of the Indian cricket team\"\ngrasp. India were all out for 187 and lost by 158 runs. The team's first series as an independent country was in 1948 against Australia at Brisbane. Australia were led by Sir Don Bradman while India was led by Lala Amarnath. The Australians returned home, winning the 5 Test series with the score 4-0. India's first ever Test victory came against England at Madras in 1952. India's first series victory was against Pakistan later the same year. In 1954, India drew a 5-Test series with Pakistan 0-0, the batting strength from India had come from Polly Umrigar and Vijay Manjrekar", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 6 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16682664", "chunk_text": "\"Cricket in India\"\nwell. The entire history of cricket in India and the sub-continent as a whole is based on the existence and development of the British Raj via the East India Company. India became a member of the 'elite club' joining Australia, England, South Africa, New Zealand and the West Indies in June 1932. India's first match in Lords against England attracted a massive crowd of 24,000 people as well as the King of the United Kingdom. The major and defining event in the history of Indian cricket during this period was the Partition of India following full independence from the British", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 7 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16038631", "chunk_text": "\"India national cricket team\"\nThe team was not strong in their batting at this point and went on to lose by 158 runs. In 1933, the first Test series in India was played between India and England with matches in Bombay, Calcutta (now Kolkata) and Madras (now Chennai). England won the series 2–0. The Indian team continued to improve throughout the 1930s and '40s but did not achieve an international victory during this period. In the early 1940s, India didn't play any Test cricket due to the Second World War. The team's first series as an independent country was in late 1947 against Sir", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 8 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4687156", "chunk_text": "\"India national cricket team record by opponent\"\nIndia national cricket team record by opponent The India national cricket team represents India in international cricket and is a full member of the International Cricket Council with Test and One Day International (ODI) status. They first competed in international cricket in 1932, when they played against England in a three-day Test match; England won the match by 158 runs. India's first Test series as an independent country was against Australia. They secured their first Test win against England in 1952 at Madras Cricket Club Ground. , India have played 522 Test matches; they have won 145 matches, lost 160", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 9 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6966377", "chunk_text": "\"India women's national cricket team\"\n2005, and losing to England by 9 runs in 2017. India has made the semi-finals on three other occasions, in 1997, 2000, and 2009. India has also made the semi-finals of the World Twenty20 on three occasions (2009, 2010, and 2018). The British brought cricket to India in the early 1700s, with the first cricket match played in 1721. The first Indian cricket club was established by the Parsi community in Bombay, in 1848; the club played their first match against the Europeans in 1877. The first official Indian cricket team was formed in 1911 and toured England, where they", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 10 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19513529", "chunk_text": "\"Cricket in India\"\nRaj in 1947. An early casualty of change was the Bombay Quadrangular tournament, which had been a focal point of Indian cricket for over 50 years. The new India had no place for teams based on ethnic origin. As a result, the Ranji Trophy came into its own as the national championship. The last-ever Bombay Pentangular, as it had become, was won by the Hindus in 1945–46. India also recorded its first Test victory in 1952, beating England by an innings in Madras. One team totally dominated Indian cricket in the 1960s. As part of 15 consecutive victories in the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 11 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16038630", "chunk_text": "\"India national cricket team\"\ntheir names went on to be used for the Ranji Trophy and Duleep Trophy – two major first-class tournaments in India. In 1911, an Indian team went on their first official tour of the British Isles, but only played English county teams and not the England cricket team. India was invited to The Imperial Cricket Council in 1926, and made their debut as a Test playing nation in England in 1932, led by CK Nayudu, who was considered as the best Indian batsman at the time. The one-off Test match between the two sides was played at Lord's in London.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 12 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15534301", "chunk_text": "\"India national cricket team record by opponent\"\nmatches, and 216 matches were drawn with one being tied. India played their first ODI match against England in 1974, but registered their first win against East Africa in 1975. , India have played 939 ODI matches, winning 483 matches and losing 409; 7 matches were tied and 40 matches had no result. They also won the 1983 and 2011 Cricket World Cups, along with the 2002 and the 2013 ICC Champions Trophy. India played their first Twenty20 International (T20I) against South Africa in 2006, winning the match by six wickets, and won the inaugural ICC World Twenty20 in 2007.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 13 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7767997", "chunk_text": "\"India national cricket team\"\nground, established in the early 1900s it was the site of India's first Test victory. \"\"Updated on 25 June 2018\"\" Thirty-two men have captained the Indian cricket team in at least one Test match, although only six have led the team in more than 25 matches, and six have captained the team in ODIs but not Tests. India's first captain was CK Nayudu, who led the team in four matches against England: one in England in 1932 and a series of three matches at home in 1933–34. Lala Amarnath, India's fourth captain, led the team in its first Test match", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 14 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13900257", "chunk_text": "\"History of cricket in India from 2000–01\"\nVirat Kohli. India won the inaugural ICC World Twenty20 in 2007. India was the first Sub-continental team to win a Test match at the WACA in January 2008 against Australia. Indian cricket team under the leadership of Mahendra Singh Dhoni and brilliant performances from Gautam Gambhir & Yuvraj Singh also went on to win the ICC Cricket World Cup 2011 and became the first team in history to win the Cup at home. Limited overs tour only. Limited overs tour only. Limited overs tour only. History of cricket in India from 2000–01 This article describes the history of cricket in", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 15 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16038633", "chunk_text": "\"India national cricket team\"\nagainst Pakistan. They continued their improvement throughout the early 1950s with a series win against New Zealand in 1956. However, they did not win again in the remainder of the decade and lost badly to strong Australian and English sides. On 24 August 1959, India lost by an innings in the Test to complete the only 5–0 whitewash ever inflicted by England. The next decade saw India's reputation develop as a team with a strong record at home. They won their first Test series against England at home in 1961–62 and also won a home series against New Zealand. They", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 16 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6761988", "chunk_text": "\"India national cricket team\"\nsixth team to be granted Test cricket status. In its first fifty years of international cricket, India was one of the weaker teams, winning only 35 of the first 196 Test matches it played. From 1932 India had to wait until 1952, almost 20 years for its first Test victory. The team, however, gained strength in the 1970s with the emergence of players such as batsmen Sunil Gavaskar and Gundappa Viswanath, all-rounder Kapil Dev and the Indian spin quartet of Erapalli Prasanna, Srinivas Venkataraghavan, Bhagwat Chandrasekhar and Bishen Singh Bedi. Traditionally much stronger at home than abroad, the Indian team", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 17 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6966378", "chunk_text": "\"India women's national cricket team\"\nplayed English county teams. The India team made their Test debut against England in 1932. Around the same time (1934), the first women's Test was played between England and Australia. However, women's cricket arrived in India much later; the Women's Cricket Association of India was formed in 1973. The Indian women's team played their first Test match in 1976, against the West Indies. India recorded its first-ever Test win in November 1978 against West Indies under Shantha Rangaswamy's captaincy at the Moin-ul-Haq Stadium in Patna. As part of the International Cricket Council's initiative to develop women's cricket, the Women's Cricket", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 18 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10502884", "chunk_text": "\"History of cricket in India to 1918\"\nIn 1864, a Madras v. Calcutta match was arguably the start of first-class cricket in India. The British played the Indians to build relationships with the Indians and if the Indian elite had connections with the British, the British could have more control of India because of Cricket. The most important fixture in the 19th century was the Bombay Presidency Match which evolved, first, into the Bombay Triangular and then into the Bombay Quadrangular. The match was first played in 1877 and then intermittently for several seasons until finally being given first-class status in 1892-93. An English team led by", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 19 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18579744", "chunk_text": "\"Cricket in India\"\nhome record against Australia in Test series after defeating them in 2001 and won the inaugural ICC World T20 in 2007. India was also the first Sub-continental team to win at the WACA in January 2008 against Australia. India's victory against the Australians in 2001 marked the beginning of a dream era for the team under the captainship of Sourav Ganguly, winning Test matches in Zimbabwe, Sri Lanka, West Indies and England. India also shared a joint victory with Sri Lanka in the ICC Championship, and went on to the finals in the 2003 Cricket World Cup only to be", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 20 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16038632", "chunk_text": "\"India national cricket team\"\nDonald Bradman's Invincibles (a name given to the Australia national cricket team of that time). It was also the first Test series India played which was not against England. Australia won the five-match series 4–0, with Bradman tormenting the Indian bowling in his final Australian summer. India subsequently played their first Test series at home not against England against the West Indies in 1948. West Indies won the 5-Test series 1–0. India recorded their first Test victory, in their 24th match, against England at Madras in 1952. Later in the same year, they won their first Test series, which was", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 21 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10064147", "chunk_text": "\"Indian cricket team in England in 1974\"\nwon its first-ever victory on English soil and with it the first series victory in Anglo-Indian Tests in England; and that victory was repeated, with a 2-1 margin, when MCC toured India in 1972-73. The basis of India's success was the quartet of world-class spin bowlers – Bhagwat Chandrasekhar, Bishen Singh Bedi, Erapalli Prasanna and Srinivas Venkataraghavan – backed up by world-class batting from Sunil Gavaskar and Gundappa Vishwanath. Ajit Wadekar was regarded as an astute captain, while Farokh Engineer was an extrovert wicketkeeper-batsman. In the First Test, played from 6 June to 11 June at Old Trafford, England won", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 22 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6919098", "chunk_text": "\"Lala Amarnath\"\nson Rajinder played first-class cricket. Throughout his twilight years, Amarnath was considered a living legend of Indian cricket. Lala Amarnath Lala Amarnath Bharadwaj was an Indian cricketer. He was the first batsman ever to score a century for India in Test cricket. He was independent India's first cricket captain and captained India in the first Test series win against Pakistan in 1952. He played only 3 Test Matches before World War 2 and thus lost all his prime years as India played no official Test matches. During this time he amassed around 10,000 runs with 30 hundreds in first class", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 23 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7767995", "chunk_text": "\"India national cricket team\"\nhas hosted the most Tests, and also has the second-largest seating capacity of any cricket stadium in the world, being capable of holding more than 66,000 spectators. Founded in 1864, it is one of the most historical stadiums in India, having hosted numerous historical and controversial matches. Other major stadiums in India include the Feroz Shah Kotla, which was established in 1883 and hosted memorable matches including Anil Kumble's ten wickets in an innings haul against Pakistan. For the last two years, the ground has been undergoing renovation. The Bombay Gymkhana hosted the first ever Test match in India which", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 24 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16682667", "chunk_text": "\"Cricket in India\"\nany kind of challenge during this period. India enjoyed two international highlights. In 1971, they won a Test series in England for the first time ever, surprisingly defeating Ray Illingworth's Ashes winners. In 1983, again in England, India were surprise winners of the 1983 Cricket World Cup under the captaincy of Kapil Dev. During the 1970s, the Indian cricket team began to see success overseas beating New Zealand, and holding Australia, South Africa and England to a draw. The backbone of the team were the Indian spin quartet – Bishen Bedi, E.A.S. Prasanna, BS Chandrasekhar and Srinivas Venkataraghavan, giving rise", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 25 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4687159", "chunk_text": "\"India national cricket team record by opponent\"\nrecord in ODIs. The team have played 13 countries in T20Is, and have played 16 matches with Sri Lanka. They also have recorded the most victories against Sri Lanka, defeating them in five matches. India national cricket team record by opponent The India national cricket team represents India in international cricket and is a full member of the International Cricket Council with Test and One Day International (ODI) status. They first competed in international cricket in 1932, when they played against England in a three-day Test match; England won the match by 158 runs. India's first Test series as an", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 26 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6762037", "chunk_text": "\"India national cricket team\"\nled India on its maiden New Zealand tour, which ended in India winning the Test series 3–1. In 1970–71, Ajit Wadekar took over the captaincy from Pataudi. Under Wadekar's captaincy, India registered its first Test series win in the West Indies and England. India played its first ODI in 1974, also under his captaincy. India won its first ODI under the captaincy of Srinivasaraghavan Venkataraghavan in the 1975 Cricket World Cup, against East Africa. Between 1975–76 and 1978–79, Bishen Singh Bedi captained the team in 22 Tests and 4 ODIs, winning 6 Tests and one ODI. Sunil Gavaskar took over", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 27 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10502885", "chunk_text": "\"History of cricket in India to 1918\"\nGeorge Vernon in 1889–90 was the first foreign team to tour India but none of the matches that it played are considered first-class. First-class cricket definitely began in the 1892–93 season with two Europeans v Parsees matches, at Bombay (match drawn) and Poona (Parsees won by 3 wickets). In the same season, Lord Hawke captained an English team that played four first-class matches including a game against \"\"All India\"\" on 26–28 January 1893. The lists below give the leading first-class runscorers and wicket-takers in each domestic season. The first Indian ventures into international cricket were by the Parsees cricket team", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 28 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5091455", "chunk_text": "\"History of the Indian cricket team\"\na Test-cricket-playing-nation in England in 1932 led by CK Nayudu, well before Indian independence. The team performed well, with Mohammad Nissar taking 5-93 and 1-42 in the match against England. The match was given test status despite being only 3 days in length. England, batting first, scored 258 with Nissar cleaning up the openers and tailenders. However the Indian team failed to capitalize on their bowling performance, all out for 189 with CK Nayudu the top scorer with 40 runs. England went on to score 275 and set India a target of 346, which always seemed out of the visitor's", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 29 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7767994", "chunk_text": "\"India national cricket team\"\nit ever hosted. The second and third Tests in the 1933 series were hosted at Eden Gardens and Chepauk. The Feroz Shah Kotla in Delhi was the first stadium to host a Test match after independence, a draw against the West Indies in 1948, the first of a 5-Test series. 21 stadiums in India have hosted at least one official Test match. In recent years, there has been an increase in the number of world-class cricket stadiums in India, with multiple Test venues in Indore, Chandigarh Mohali, Chennai, Mumbai, Hyderabad, Rajkot, Ranchi, Pune, Dharamshala and Nagpur. Eden Gardens in Kolkata", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 30 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16851059", "chunk_text": "\"History of the Indian cricket team\"\nestablished players like Bishen Bedi, Srinivas Venkataraghavan, Erapalli Prasanna and Bhagwat Chandrasekhar, Gavaskar formed the nucleus of arguably India's strongest Test team up to that point in time. India's win over the West Indies was followed by home and away wins over England in 1971 and 1972-73. During the 1980s, other players like Mohammed Azharuddin, Ravi Shastri, Laxman Sivaramakrishnan, Sanjay Manjrekar, Krish Srikkanth and Maninder Singh emerged. India won the Cricket World Cup in 1983, defeating West Indies in an exciting final. In 1985, India won the World Championship of Cricket in Australia. The Test series victory in 1986 in", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 31 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "427397", "chunk_text": "\"Indian cricket team in England in 1946\"\nHindlekar, Vijay Merchant and C. S. Nayudu. England won the first Test by a convincing ten wicket margin after Bedser took 11 wickets on debut and Hardstaff scored 205 not out. On each of the first two days the gates were closed about noon, when the crowds numbered nearly 30,000. Around 15,000 were present on the third day, on which the match finished at half past one. India won the toss and batted first but, with heavy rain having fallen, this proved anything but an advantage as the ground was wet throughout the first day to make run-scoring difficult. With", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 32 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10861267", "chunk_text": "\"Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel Stadium, Ahmedabad\"\nSardar Patel Cricket Stadium, Ahmedabad, renovation works are complete and venue opens up in 2019. The stadium hosted its only ODI Match and first ever played in India on 25 November 1981. The match was played between India and England. The match was reduced to 46 overs. India scored 156 for 7. Dilip Vengsarkar top scored with 46 runs. England replied with 160 for 5 and won the match by five wickets and 13 balls to spare. Mike Gatting and Ian Botham were unbeaten on 47 and 25 respectively. Once a new stadium came up in Motera in 1982, the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 33 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16038638", "chunk_text": "\"India national cricket team\"\nline-up with stroke makers such as the wristy Mohammed Azharuddin, Dilip Vengsarkar and all-rounders Kapil Dev and Ravi Shastri. India won the Cricket World Cup in 1983, defeating the favourites and the two-time defending champions West Indies in the final at Lords, owing to a strong bowling performance. In spite of this, the team performed poorly in the Test arena, including 28 consecutive Test matches without a victory. In 1984, India won the Asia Cup and in 1985, won the World Championship of Cricket in Australia. Apart from this, India remained a weak team outside the Indian subcontinent. India's Test", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 34 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7767993", "chunk_text": "\"India national cricket team\"\n2019. Star Sports Network is the official broadcaster until 2023 for all matches the team plays in India. There are numerous world-renowned cricket stadiums located in India. Most grounds are under the administration of various state cricket boards as opposed to being under the control of the BCCI. The Bombay Gymkhana was the first ground in India to host a full-scale cricket match featuring an Indian cricket team. This was between the Parsis and the Europeans in 1877. The first stadium to host a Test match in India was also the Gymkhana Ground in Bombay in 1933, the only Test", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 35 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16682662", "chunk_text": "\"Cricket in India\"\nCricket in India Cricket is the popular sport in India by far. It is played almost everywhere in India. The Indian national cricket team won the 1983 Cricket World Cup, the 2007 ICC World Twenty20, the 2011 Cricket World Cup, the 2013 ICC Champions Trophy, and shared the 2002 ICC Champions Trophy with Sri Lanka. The domestic competitions include the Ranji Trophy, the Duleep Trophy, the Vijay Hazare Trophy, the Deodhar Trophy, the Irani Trophy and the NKP Salve Challenger Trophy. In addition, the BCCI conducts the Indian Premier League, a Twenty20 competition, which is also one of the biggest", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 36 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6915273", "chunk_text": "\"Dhyan Chand\"\nteam.\"\" The India team set sail for San Francisco on 30 May, and arrived on 6 July. They reached Los Angeles three weeks before the opening ceremony of the Olympics, which took place on 30 July. On 4 August 1932, India played its first match against Japan and won 11–1. Chand, Roop Singh, Gurmit Singh each scored thrice, and Dickie Carr once. In the final on 11 August, India played against hosts USA. India won 24–1, a world record at that time (until it was broken in 2003), and once again clinched the gold medal. Chand scored 8 times, Roop", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 37 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11056656", "chunk_text": "\"First-class cricket\"\nAustralia and South Africa at that time) and other teams designated as such by MCC (e.g. North v South, Gentlemen v Players and occasional \"\"elevens\"\" which consisted of recognised first-class players). Officially, therefore, the inaugural first-class match was the opening game of the 1895 season between MCC and Nottinghamshire at Lord's on 1 and 2 May, MCC winning by 37 runs. The term \"\"first-class cricket\"\" was formally defined by the then Imperial Cricket Conference (ICC) on 19 May 1947. It was made clear that the definition \"\"will not have retrospective effect\"\". The definition is as follows: A match of three", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 38 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14505449", "chunk_text": "\"History of cricket in India from 1918–19 to 1945\"\nteam of 16 English players played 15 first-class matches, including five against India, between October 1937 and February 1938. \"\"For information about this tour, see: Ceylonese cricket team in India in 1940–41.\"\" History of cricket in India from 1918–19 to 1945 This article describes the history of cricket in India from the 1918-19 season until the end of the Second World War in 1945. The Ranji Trophy was launched as India's national championship following a meeting of the Board of Control for Cricket in India (BCCI) in July 1934 and the competition began in the 1934-35 season. The trophy was", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 39 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14505446", "chunk_text": "\"History of cricket in India from 1918–19 to 1945\"\nHistory of cricket in India from 1918–19 to 1945 This article describes the history of cricket in India from the 1918-19 season until the end of the Second World War in 1945. The Ranji Trophy was launched as India's national championship following a meeting of the Board of Control for Cricket in India (BCCI) in July 1934 and the competition began in the 1934-35 season. The trophy was donated by the Maharajah of Patiala but named after KS Ranjitsinhji (\"\"Ranji\"\"), even though he barely played any of his cricket in the country. Ranji had died on 2 April 1933. The", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 40 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5052756", "chunk_text": "\"Lala Amarnath\"\nLala Amarnath Lala Amarnath Bharadwaj was an Indian cricketer. He was the first batsman ever to score a century for India in Test cricket. He was independent India's first cricket captain and captained India in the first Test series win against Pakistan in 1952. He played only 3 Test Matches before World War 2 and thus lost all his prime years as India played no official Test matches. During this time he amassed around 10,000 runs with 30 hundreds in first class cricket which included teams from Australia and England featuring some of the most prominent Test players . After", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 41 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16038696", "chunk_text": "\"India national cricket team\"\nwas praised by many including Prime Minister Narendra Modi. Jhulan Goswami is the world's leading ODI wicket-taker while Mithali Raj, the captain, is the leading run-scorer in ODI cricket. India national cricket team The India national cricket team, also known as Team India and Men in Blue, is governed by the Board of Control for Cricket in India (BCCI), and is a full member of the International Cricket Council (ICC) with Test, One Day International (ODI) and Twenty20 International (T20I) status. Although cricket was introduced to India by European merchant sailors in the 18th century, and the first cricket club", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 42 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6762036", "chunk_text": "\"India national cricket team\"\nafter Indian independence. He also captained the side to its first Test victory and first series win, both in a three-match series at home against Pakistan in 1952–53. From 1952 until 1961–62, India had a number of captains such as Vijay Hazare, Polly Umrigar and Nari Contractor. The Nawab of Pataudi, Mansoor Ali Khan Pataudi, was the team's captain for 36 Test matches from 1961–62 to 1969–70, returning for another four matches against West Indies in 1974–75. In the early years of his captaincy tenure, the team was whitewashed in the West Indies, England and Australia. However, in 1967–68, Pataudi", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 43 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3379761", "chunk_text": "\"History of cricket in Bangladesh\"\nof the ICC, which enabled them to play Test cricket. The board officially changed its name to Bangladesh Cricket Board (BCB) and its president Saber Chowdhury described his country's elevation to Test status as \"\"the third most historic event in our national life\"\". In May/June 2000, Bangladesh had hosted the 2000 Asia Cup, won by Pakistan. In November of that year, Bangladesh played their first-ever Test match against India at the National Stadium, India winning by 9 wickets. The country's main domestic competition, the National Cricket League (NCL), began in 1999–2000 with teams from each of Bangladesh's (then six) administrative", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 44 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1778748", "chunk_text": "Karachi\nto Frere Hall. Cricket's history in Pakistan predates the creation of the country in 1947. The first ever international cricket match in Karachi was held on 22 November 1935 between Sindh and Australian cricket teams. The match was seen by 5,000 Karachiites. Karachi is also the place that innovated tape ball, a safer and more affordable alternative to cricket. The inaugural first-class match at the National Stadium was played between Pakistan and India on 26 February 1955 and since then Pakistani national cricket team has won 20 of the 41 Test matches played at the National Stadium. The first One", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 45 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16851057", "chunk_text": "\"History of the Indian cricket team\"\nwhile the prime bowler was Subhash Gupte with 21 wickets in the series. India's first series against New Zealand in 1956 created a comprehensive series victory for India, winning the 5-Test series 2-0. MH Mankad was excellent in his batting, averaging 105.2 in the series while scoring 526 runs. Once again, S.M. Gupte held India's bowling together, with 34 wickets. The remainder of the 1950s did not show as good results as the start: India lost a 3-Test series to Australia (2-0), lost a 5-Test series against the West Indies (3-0), The team's performances again began to improve in the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 46 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16851058", "chunk_text": "\"History of the Indian cricket team\"\n1960s, starting with their first series win over England in 1961-62. During this time, India's strong record at home started to develop, in which the team won a series against New Zealand in 1965-66 and drew series against Pakistan, Australia and England. In 1967-68, India won their first series outside the subcontinent against New Zealand. Sunil Gavaskar made his debut for India in the West Indies in 1970-71 and immediately made an impact, scoring a total of 774 runs for the series and helping India to a 1-0 series win, their first ever win over the West Indies. Together with", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 47 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19513537", "chunk_text": "\"Cricket in India\"\nSachin Tendulkar. Indian cricket has a rich history. The Indian national team is currently ranked the No. 1 team in Test, No. 2 in ODI and but at 3rd position in T20I. India has won two World Championship cups in 1983 under the captaincy of Kapil Dev and recently won in year 2011 under the captaincy of Mahendra Singh Dhoni, which is won after a span of 28 years. In Twenty20, stronger crowd participation was seen than in other forms of the game. It has been greatly acknowledged by people and has made huge profits. Cricket in India Cricket is", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 48 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7767985", "chunk_text": "\"India national cricket team\"\ntheir way into international cricket, the Indian cricket team has chosen blue as their primary colour. The secondary colour has changed over the years while yellow and orange have been dominant. With the inception of the World Series Cup in 1979, each team had to don a primary and secondary colour on their uniforms and the Indian team elected to wear light blue as their primary colour and yellow as their secondary colour. The team has worn different shades of blue since then. For the 1992 World Cup (Benson & Hedges World Cup), the team's colours were changed to navy-blue", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 49 } ]
test_3592	the era of the great mughals began with the accession of?	n/a	[ "Akbar the Great", "Babur" ]	[]	n/a	n/a	n/a	[]	[ { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20061081", "chunk_text": "\"Mughal Empire\"\ndated to the victory by its founder Babur over Ibrahim Lodi, the last ruler of the Delhi Sultanate, in the First Battle of Panipat (1526). During the reign of Humayun, the successor of Babur, the empire was briefly interrupted by the Sur Empire. The \"\"classic period\"\" of the Mughal Empire started in 1556 with the ascension of Akbar the Great to the throne. Some Rajput kingdoms continued to pose a significant threat to the Mughal dominance of northwestern India, but most of them were subdued by Akbar. All Mughal emperors were Muslims; Akbar, however, propounded a syncretic religion in the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 0 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19698593", "chunk_text": "\"Mughal Empire\"\nMughal Empire The Mughal Empire (; ) or Mogul Empire was an empire in the Indian subcontinent, founded in 1526. It was established and ruled by the Timurid dynasty, with Turco-Mongol Chagatai roots from Central Asia, claiming direct descent from both Genghis Khan (through his son Chagatai Khan) and Timur, and with significant Indian Rajput and Persian ancestry through marriage alliances; the first two Mughal emperors had both parents from Central Asian ancestry. The dynasty was Indo-Persian in culture, combining Persianate culture with local Indian cultural influences visible in its traits and customs. The beginning of the empire is conventionally", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 1 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19698603", "chunk_text": "\"Mughal Empire\"\nHumayun's exile in Persia established diplomatic ties between the Safavid and Mughal Courts, and led to increasing Persian cultural influence in the Mughal Empire. The restoration of Mughal rule began after Humayun's triumphant return from Persia in 1555, but he died from a fatal accident shortly afterwards. Akbar the Great (reigned 1556–1605) was born Jalal-ud-din Muhammad in the Rajput Umarkot Fort, to Humayun and his wife Hamida Banu Begum, a Persian princess. Akbar succeeded to the throne under a regent, Bairam Khan, who helped consolidate the Mughal Empire in India. Through warfare and diplomacy, Akbar was able to extend the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 2 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19698601", "chunk_text": "\"Mughal Empire\"\nempire was Hindustan, which was documented in the Ain-i-Akbari, and which has been described as the closest to an official name for the empire. In the west, the term \"\"Mughal\"\" was used for the emperor, and by extension, the empire as a whole. The Mughal Empire was founded by Babur (reigned 1526–1530), a Central Asian ruler who was descended from the Turco-Mongol conqueror Timur (the founder of the Timurid Empire) on his father's side and from Chagatai, the second son of the Mongol ruler Genghis Khan, on his mother's side. Ousted from his ancestral domains in Central Asia, Babur turned", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 3 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18875568", "chunk_text": "\"Army of the Mughal Empire\"\nArmy of the Mughal Empire The Army of the Mughal Empire was the force by which the Mughal emperors established their empire in the 15th century and expanded it to its greatest extent at the beginning of the 18th century. Although its origins, like the Mughals themselves, were in the cavalry-based armies of central Asia, its essential form and structure was established by the empire's third emperor, Akbar. The army had no regimental structure and the soldiers were not directly recruited by the emperor. Instead, individuals, such as nobles or local leaders, would recruit their own troops, referred to as", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 4 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19698598", "chunk_text": "\"Mughal Empire\"\nits peak extended over nearly all of the Indian subcontinent and parts of Afghanistan. It was the third largest empire to have existed in the Indian subcontinent (along with the Maurya Empire and the British Indian Empire), spanning approximately four million square kilometres at its zenith, second to the Maurya Empire. The maximum expansion was reached during the reign of Aurangzeb, who ruled over more than 150 million subjects, nearly one quarter of the world's population at the time. The Mughal Empire also ushered in a period of proto-industrialization, and around the 17th century, Mughal India became the world's largest", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 5 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15257470", "chunk_text": "\"Indo-Persian culture\"\nDelhi Sultanate (1206–1526). The invasion of Babur in 1526, the end of the Delhi Sultanate, and the establishment of what would become the Mughal Empire would usher the golden age of Indo-Persian culture with particular reference to the art and architecture of the Mughal era. The Mughal Era to the British Raj: Persian persisted as the language of the Mughals up to and including the year 1707 which marked the death of the Emperor Aurangzeb, generally considered the last of the \"\"Great Mughals\"\". Thereafter, with the decline of the Mughal empire, the 1739 invasion of Delhi by Nader Shah and", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 6 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6372587", "chunk_text": "\"Mughal emperors\"\nIn the year 1719 alone, four emperors successively ascended the throne. During the reign of Muhammad Shah, the empire began to break up, and vast tracts of central India passed from Mughal to Maratha hands. Mughal warfare had always been based upon heavy artillery for sieges, heavy cavalry for offensive operations and light cavalry for skirmishing and raids. To control a region, the Mughals had always sought to occupy a strategic fortress in some region, which would serve as a nodal point from which the Mughal army would emerge to take on any enemy that challenged the empire. This system", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 7 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16696784", "chunk_text": "\"Army of the Mughal Empire\"\nwere used in war. Army of the Mughal Empire The Army of the Mughal Empire was the force by which the Mughal emperors established their empire in the 15th century and expanded it to its greatest extent at the beginning of the 18th century. Although its origins, like the Mughals themselves, were in the cavalry-based armies of central Asia, its essential form and structure was established by the empire's third emperor, Akbar. The army had no regimental structure and the soldiers were not directly recruited by the emperor. Instead, individuals, such as nobles or local leaders, would recruit their own", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 8 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20061156", "chunk_text": "\"Mughal Empire\"\nKashmir by Ali Kashmiri ibn Luqman in 998 AH (1589–90 CE), and twenty other such globes were later produced in Lahore and Kashmir during the Mughal Empire. Before they were rediscovered in the 1980s, it was believed by modern metallurgists to be technically impossible to produce metal globes without any seams. Mughal Empire The Mughal Empire (; ) or Mogul Empire was an empire in the Indian subcontinent, founded in 1526. It was established and ruled by the Timurid dynasty, with Turco-Mongol Chagatai roots from Central Asia, claiming direct descent from both Genghis Khan (through his son Chagatai Khan) and", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 9 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5037204", "chunk_text": "\"Mughal emperors\"\nexile in Persia established diplomatic ties between the Safavid and Mughal Courts, and led to increasing West Asian cultural influence in the Mughal court. The restoration of Mughal rule began after Humayun’s triumphant return from Persia in 1555, but he died from a fatal accident shortly afterwards. Humayun's son, Akbar, succeeded to the throne under a regent, Bairam Khan, who helped consolidate the Mughal Empire in India. Through warfare and diplomacy, Akbar was able to extend the empire in all directions, and controlled almost the entire Indian subcontinent north of the Godavari river. He created a new class of nobility", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 10 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3659984", "chunk_text": "\"Mughal emperors\"\nMughal emperors The Mughal Emperors, from the early 16th century to the mid 19th century, built and ruled the Mughal Empire on the Indian subcontinent, mainly corresponding to the modern countries of India, Pakistan, Afghanistan and Bangladesh. The Mughals were a branch of the Timurid dynasty of Turco-Mongol origin from Central Asia. Their power rapidly dwindled during the 18th century and the last of the emperors was deposed in 1857, with the establishment of the British Raj. Mughal emperors were of direct descent from Timur (generally known in western nations as Tamerlane), and also affiliated with Genghis Khan, because of", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 11 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3123222", "chunk_text": "Babur\nsuccessive floors attached with it. The report concluded that it was over the top of this construction that the disputed structure was constructed during the early 16th century. Babur Babur (; 14 February 148326 December 1530), born Zahīr ud-Dīn Muhammad, was the ultimate founder and first Emperor of the Mughal dynasty in the Indian subcontinent. He was a direct descendant of Emperor Timur (Tamerlane) from what is now Uzbekistan. Babur was born in Andijan, in the Fergana Valley, in modern Uzbekistan. Babur ruled nearby Osh in Fergana Valley, located in modern Kyrgyzstan, pondered his future on Sulayman Mountain and even", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 12 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19698616", "chunk_text": "\"Mughal Empire\"\nfrom Arabic. The governor of a \"\"Subah\"\" was known as a \"\"subahdar\"\" (sometimes also referred to as a \"\"\"\"Subah\"\"\"\"), which later became \"\"subedar\"\" to refer to an officer in the Indian Army. The \"\"subahs\"\" were established by padshah (emperor) Akbar during his administrative reforms of 1572–1580; initially they numbered 12, but his conquests expanded the number of \"\"subahs\"\" to 15 by the end of his reign. \"\"Subahs\"\" were divided into \"\"Sarkars\"\", or districts. \"\"Sarkars\"\" were further divided into \"\"Parganas\"\" or \"\"Mahals\"\". His successors, most notably Aurangzeb, expanded the number of \"\"subahs\"\" further through their conquests. As the empire began to", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 13 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19698608", "chunk_text": "\"Mughal Empire\"\nhis father, and attempted to reform the administration. However, after his death in 1712, the Mughal dynasty sank into chaos and violent feuds. In 1719 alone, four emperors successively ascended the throne. During the reign of Muhammad Shah (reigned 1719–1748), the empire began to break up, and vast tracts of central India passed from Mughal to Maratha hands. The far-off Indian campaign of Nadir Shah, who had priorly reestablished Iranian suzerainty over most of West Asia, the Caucasus, and Central Asia, culminated with the Sack of Delhi and shattered the remnants of Mughal power and prestige. Many of the empire's", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 14 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2698684", "chunk_text": "Akbar\nAkbar Abu'l-Fath Jalal-ud-din Muhammad Akbar (15 October 1542– 27 October 1605), popularly known as Akbar I (), also as Akbar the Great (\"\"Akbar-i-azam\"\" ), was the third Mughal emperor, who reigned from 1556 to 1605. Akbar succeeded his father, Humayun, under a regent, Bairam Khan, who helped the young emperor expand and consolidate Mughal domains in India. A strong personality and a successful general, Akbar gradually enlarged the Mughal Empire to include nearly all of the Indian Subcontinent north of the Godavari river. His power and influence, however, extended over the entire country because of Mughal military, political, cultural, and", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 15 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20061082", "chunk_text": "\"Mughal Empire\"\nlatter part of his life called Dīn-i Ilāhī, as recorded in historical books like \"\"Ain-i-Akbari\"\" and \"\"Dabistān-i Mazāhib\"\". The Mughal Empire did not try to intervene in the local societies during most of its existence, but rather balanced and pacified them through new administrative practices and diverse and inclusive ruling elites, leading to more systematic, centralised, and uniform rule. Traditional and newly coherent social groups in northern and western India, such as the Marathas, the Rajputs, the Pashtuns, the Hindu Jats and the Sikhs, gained military and governing ambitions during Mughal rule, which, through collaboration or adversity, gave them both", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 16 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19698599", "chunk_text": "\"Mughal Empire\"\neconomic and manufacturing power, producing a quarter of global industrial output up until the 18th century. The Mughal Empire is considered \"\"India's last golden age\"\" and one of the three Islamic Gunpowder Empires (along with the Ottoman Empire and Safavid Persia). The reign of Shah Jahan, the fifth emperor, between 1628 and 1658, was the zenith of Mughal architecture with famous monuments such as the Taj Mahal and Moti Masjid at Agra, the Red Fort, the Jama Masjid, Delhi, and the Lahore Fort. Contemporaries referred to the empire founded by Babur as the Timurid empire, which reflected the heritage of", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 17 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15543299", "chunk_text": "\"Military history of India\"\nSher Shah Suri, and forced to retreat to Kabul. Suris and their adviser, the Hindu Emperor Hem Chandra Vikramaditya, also called Hemu, ruled North India from 1540 to 1556. Hemu established a 'Hindu' Empire briefly from Delhi in 1556. The \"\"classic period\"\" of the Empire started in 1556 with the accession of Akbar the Great and ended with the death of Emperor Aurangzeb in 1707, although the dynasty continued for another 150 years. During this period, the Empire was marked by centralized administration and active culture. Following 1725 the empire declined rapidly, weakened by wars of succession; famine and local", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 18 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6372591", "chunk_text": "\"Mughal emperors\"\ncontinued until after the Second Anglo-Maratha War. Thereafter, the British East India Company became the protectors of the Mughal dynasty in Delhi. After a crushed rebellion which he nominally led in 1857-58, the last Mughal, Bahadur Shah Zafar, was deposed by the British government, who then assumed formal control of a large part of the former empire, marking the start of the British Raj. Family tree of the first seven Mughal emperors: Mughal emperors The Mughal Emperors, from the early 16th century to the mid 19th century, built and ruled the Mughal Empire on the Indian subcontinent, mainly corresponding to", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 19 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7691964", "chunk_text": "Akbar\nthe Mughals. Citing Akbar's melding of the disparate 'fiefdoms' of India into the Mughal Empire as well as the lasting legacy of \"\"pluralism and tolerance\"\" that \"\"underlies the values of the modern republic of India\"\", Time magazine included his name in its list of top 25 world leaders. Akbar Abu'l-Fath Jalal-ud-din Muhammad Akbar (15 October 1542– 27 October 1605), popularly known as Akbar I (), also as Akbar the Great (\"\"Akbar-i-azam\"\" ), was the third Mughal emperor, who reigned from 1556 to 1605. Akbar succeeded his father, Humayun, under a regent, Bairam Khan, who helped the young emperor expand and", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 20 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6372583", "chunk_text": "\"Mughal emperors\"\nhe regarded as a religious experience, Akbar grew disenchanted with Islam, and came to embrace a syncretistic mixture of Hinduism and Islam. Akbar allowed free expression of religion and attempted to resolve socio-political and cultural differences in his empire by establishing a new religion, Din-i-Ilahi, with strong characteristics of a ruler cult. He left his successors an internally stable state, which was in the midst of its golden age, but before long signs of political weakness would emerge. Akbar's son, Jahangir, ruled the empire at its peak, but he was addicted to opium, neglected the affairs of the state, and", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 21 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20061107", "chunk_text": "\"Mughal Empire\"\ndissolve in the early 18th century, many \"\"subahs\"\" became effectively independent, or were conquered by the Marathas or the British. The original twelve subahs created as a result of administrative reform by Akbar: The Indian economy was large and prosperous under the Mughal Empire. During the Mughal era, the gross domestic product (GDP) of India in 1600 was estimated at about 22.4% of the world economy, the second largest in the world, behind only Ming China but larger than Europe. By 1700, the GDP of Mughal India had risen to 24.4% of the world economy, the largest in the world,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 22 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14641539", "chunk_text": "Babur\nBabur Babur (; 14 February 148326 December 1530), born Zahīr ud-Dīn Muhammad, was the ultimate founder and first Emperor of the Mughal dynasty in the Indian subcontinent. He was a direct descendant of Emperor Timur (Tamerlane) from what is now Uzbekistan. Babur was born in Andijan, in the Fergana Valley, in modern Uzbekistan. Babur ruled nearby Osh in Fergana Valley, located in modern Kyrgyzstan, pondered his future on Sulayman Mountain and even constructed a mosque atop of the mountain. Babur somehow concludes that the confines of the Fergana would cramp his aspirations as a descendant of famous conquering warrior princes.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 23 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3256350", "chunk_text": "\"History of India\"\n6 November 1556. The famous emperor Akbar the Great, who was the grandson of Babar, tried to establish a good relationship with the Hindus. Akbar declared \"\"Amari\"\" or non-killing of animals in the holy days of Jainism. He rolled back the \"\"jizya\"\" tax for non-Muslims. The Mughal emperors married local royalty, allied themselves with local \"\"maharajas\"\", and attempted to fuse their Turko-Persian culture with ancient Indian styles, creating a unique Indo-Persian culture and Indo-Saracenic architecture. Akbar married a Rajput princess, Mariam-uz-Zamani, and they had a son, Jahangir, who was part-Mughal and part-Rajput, as were future Mughal emperors. Jahangir more or", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 24 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10074392", "chunk_text": "\"Mughal emperors\"\nTamerlane’s marriage with a Genghisid princess. The Mughals also had significant Indian Rajput and Persian ancestry through marriage alliances, as emperors were born to Rajput and Persian princesses. Only the first two Mughal emperors, Babur and Humayun, were fully Central Asian (Turkic people), whereas Akbar was half-Persian (his mother was of Persian origin), Jahangir was half-Rajput and quarter-Persian, and Shah Jahan was three-quarters Rajput. At their Empire's greatest extent in the late 17th and early 18th centuries, Mughals controlled much of the Indian subcontinent, extending from Bengal in the east to Kabul and Sindh in the west, Kashmir in the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 25 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19698606", "chunk_text": "\"Mughal Empire\"\nits zenith as exemplified by the Taj Mahal. The maintenance of the court, at this time, began to cost more than the revenue. Shah Jahan's eldest son, the liberal Dara Shikoh, became regent in 1658, as a result of his father's illness. However, a younger son, Aurangzeb (reigned 1658–1707), allied with the Islamic orthodoxy against his brother, who championed a syncretistic Hindu-Muslim culture, and ascended to the throne. Aurangzeb defeated Dara in 1659 and had him executed. Although Shah Jahan fully recovered from his illness, Aurangzeb declared him incompetent to rule and had him imprisoned. During Aurangzeb's reign, the empire", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 26 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6964230", "chunk_text": "Thaker\na Mughal Subah. Mughal rule lasted some 185 years till 1758 when Momin Khan surrendered to the Maratha Empire. While the cracks had started developed in the edifice of the Mughal empire in the mid-17th century, the Marathas were consolidating their power in the west; Chatrapati Shivaji, the great Maratha ruler, attacked Surat twice, first in 1664 and again in 1672. These attacks marked the entry of the Marathas into Gujarat. However, before the Marathas could solidify their presence all across the region, the Europeans made their presence felt, with the Portuguese leading, followed by the Dutch and the British.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 27 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8368818", "chunk_text": "\"Military history of India\"\nmanaged to maintain their independence and ruled themselves for nearly 600 years. The Mughal Empire began in 1526 with the overthrow of Ibrahim Lodi and encompassed most of South Asia by the late 17th and early 18th centuries. Allied with the Maharaja, it extended from Bengal in the east to Kabul in the west, Kashmir in the north to the Kaveri basin in the south, a territory of over 4 million km at its height. Its population at that time has been estimated at between 110 and 130 million. In the year 1540, then Mughal Emperor Humayun was defeated by", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 28 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3659996", "chunk_text": "\"Mughal emperors\"\ncame under the influence of rival court cliques. During the reign of Jahangir's son, Shah Jahan, the culture and splendour of the luxurious Mughal court reached its zenith as exemplified by the Taj Mahal. The maintenance of the court, at this time, began to cost more than the revenue. Shah Jahan's eldest son, the liberal Dara Shikoh, became regent in 1658, as a result of his father's illness. However, a younger son, Aurangzeb, allied with the Islamic orthodoxy against his brother, who championed a syncretistic Hindu-Muslim religion and culture, and ascended to the throne. Aurangzeb defeated Dara in 1659 and", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 29 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7537543", "chunk_text": "\"Muslim conquests in the Indian subcontinent\"\nCentral Asian followers to stay on in India and of overcoming other contenders for power, mainly the Rajputs and the Afghans. He succeeded in both tasks but died shortly thereafter in 1530. The Mughal Empire was one of the largest centralised states in premodern history and was the precursor to the British Indian Empire. Babur was followed by his great-grandson, Shah Jahan (r. 1628–58), builder of the Taj Mahal and other magnificent buildings. Two other towering figures of the Mughal era were Akbar (r. 1556–1605) and Aurangzeb (r. 1658–1707). Both rulers expanded the empire greatly and were able administrators. However,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 30 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19698602", "chunk_text": "\"Mughal Empire\"\nto India to satisfy his ambitions. He established himself in Kabul and then pushed steadily southward into India from Afghanistan through the Khyber Pass. Babur's forces occupied much of northern India after his victory at Panipat in 1526. The preoccupation with wars and military campaigns, however, did not allow the new emperor to consolidate the gains he had made in India. The instability of the empire became evident under his son, Humayun (reigned 1530–1556), who was driven out of India and into Persia by rebels. The Sur Empire (1540–1555), founded by Sher Shah Suri (reigned 1540–1545), briefly interrupted Mughal rule.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 31 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8216901", "chunk_text": "Aurangzeb\nAurangzeb Muhi-ud-Din Muhammad () ( Hindi: अबुल मुज़फ़्फ़र मुहिउद्दीन मुहम्मद औरंगज़ेब आलमगीर) (3 November 16183 March 1707), commonly known by the takhallus Aurangzeb (Urdu: ), ( \"\"Ornament of the Throne\"\") or by his regnal title Alamgir (Urdu: \|), ( \"\"Conqueror of the World\"\"), was the sixth Mughal emperor. Widely considered the last effective Mughal emperor, his reign lasted for 49 years from 1658 until his death in 1707. Aurangzeb was a notable expansionist during his reign, and the Mughal Empire reached its greatest extent, ruling over nearly all of the Indian subcontinent. During his lifetime, victories in the south expanded", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 32 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19698605", "chunk_text": "\"Mughal Empire\"\nsuccessors an internally stable state, which was in the midst of its golden age, but before long signs of political weakness would emerge. Jahangir (born Salim, reigned 1605–1627) was born to Akbar and his wife Mariam-uz-Zamani, an Indian Rajput princess. Jahangir ruled the empire at its peak, but he was addicted to opium, neglected the affairs of the state, and came under the influence of rival court cliques. Shah Jahan (reigned 1628–1658) was born to Jahangir and his wife Jagat Gosaini, a Rajput princess. During the reign of Shah Jahan, the culture and splendour of the luxurious Mughal court reached", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 33 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20061108", "chunk_text": "\"Mughal Empire\"\nlarger than both Qing China and Western Europe. Mughal India was the world leader in manufacturing, producing about 25% of the world's industrial output up until the 18th century. India's GDP growth increased under the Mughal Empire, with India's GDP having a faster growth rate during the Mughal era than in the 1,500 years prior to the Mughal era. Mughal India's economy has been described as a form of proto-industrialization, like that of 18th-century Western Europe prior to the Industrial Revolution. The Mughals were responsible for building an extensive road system, creating a uniform currency, and the unification of the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 34 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7347762", "chunk_text": "\"Maham Begum\"\nMaham Begum Maham Begam or Mahim Begum (died 28 March 1534; ; meaning \"\"My moon\"\") was Empress of Mughal Empire from 20 April 1526 to 26 December 1530 as the third wife and chief consort of Babur, the founder of the Mughal Empire and the first Mughal emperor. Maham Begum is rightly counted as one of the initial Queens among the Mughals who could be placed on the pinnacle in view of her substantial role and attractive personality. Babur conferred her the superlative imperial title Padshah Begum. The title was first time used for her which was given to the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 35 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19698611", "chunk_text": "\"Mughal Empire\"\npart of former Mughal India was under the East India Company's control. After a crushing defeat in the war of 1857–1858 which he nominally led, the last Mughal, Bahadur Shah Zafar, was deposed by the British East India Company and exiled in 1858. Through the Government of India Act 1858 the British Crown assumed direct control of East India Company-held territories in India in the form of the new British Raj. In 1876 the British Queen Victoria assumed the title of Empress of India. Historians have offered numerous explanations for the rapid collapse of the Mughal Empire between 1707 and", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 36 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8526890", "chunk_text": "\"Timurid Empire\"\nFrom Kabul, the Mughal Empire was established in 1526 by Babur, a descendant of Timur through his father and possibly a descendant of Genghis Khan through his mother. The dynasty he established is commonly known as the Mughal dynasty though it was directly inherited from the Timurids. By the 17th century, the Mughal Empire ruled most of India but eventually declined during the following century. The Timurid dynasty finally came to an end as the remaining nominal rule of the Mughals was abolished by the British Empire following the 1857 rebellion. Although the Timurids hailed from the Barlas tribe, which", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 37 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1700055", "chunk_text": "\"History of Islam\"\nmuch of the lost territories, leaving a substantial legacy for his son, the 13-year-old Akbar (later known as \"\"Akbar the Great\"\"), in 1556. Under Akbar, consolidation of the Mughal Empire occurred through both expansion and administrative reforms. After Akbar, Jahangir and Shah Jahan came to power. Subsequently, Aurangazeb ruled vast areas including Afghanisthan, Pakistan, India and Bangladesh. The empire ruled most of present-day India, Pakistan, Bangladesh and Afghanistan for several centuries. Its decline in the early 18th century allowed India to be divided into smaller kingdoms and states. The Mughal dynasty was dissolved by the British Empire after the Indian", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 38 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14945470", "chunk_text": "Humayun\nHumayun Nasir-ud-Din Muḥammad (; 6 March 1508 – 27 January 1556), better known by his regnal name, Humayun (), was the second emperor of the Mughal Empire, who ruled over territory in what is now Afghanistan, Pakistan, and parts of northern India and Bangladesh from 1530–1540 and again from 1555–1556. Like his father, Babur, he lost his kingdom early but regained it with the aid of the Safavid dynasty of Persia, with additional territory. At the time of his death in 1556, the Mughal Empire spanned almost one million square kilometres. In December 1530, Humayun succeeded his father to the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 39 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7631205", "chunk_text": "Humayun\nHumayun Nasir-ud-Din Muḥammad (; 6 March 1508 – 27 January 1556), better known by his regnal name, Humayun (), was the second emperor of the Mughal Empire, who ruled over territory in what is now Afghanistan, Pakistan, and parts of northern India and Bangladesh from 1530–1540 and again from 1555–1556. Like his father, Babur, he lost his kingdom early but regained it with the aid of the Safavid dynasty of Persia, with additional territory. At the time of his death in 1556, the Mughal Empire spanned almost one million square kilometres. In December 1530, Humayun succeeded his father to the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 40 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20248874", "chunk_text": "\"India–Mongolia relations\"\nthe Mughal Empire, the dynasty was ended. The Mughals were perhaps the richest single dynasty to have ever existed. During the Mughal era, the dominant political forces consisted of the Mughal Empire and its tributaries and, later on, the rising successor states - including the Maratha Empire - which fought an increasingly weak Mughal dynasty. The Mughals, while often employing brutal tactics to subjugate their empire, had a policy of integration with Indian culture, which is what made them successful where the short-lived Sultanates of Delhi had failed. Akbar the Great was particularly famed for this. Akbar declared \"\"Amari\"\" or", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 41 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19698609", "chunk_text": "\"Mughal Empire\"\nelites now sought to control their own affairs, and broke away to form independent kingdoms. But, according to Sugata Bose and Ayesha Jalal, the Mughal Emperor continued to be the highest manifestation of sovereignty. Not only the Muslim gentry, but the Maratha, Hindu, and Sikh leaders took part in ceremonial acknowledgements of the emperor as the sovereign of India. The Mughal Emperor Shah Alam II (1759–1806) made futile attempts to reverse the Mughal decline but ultimately had to seek the protection of the Emir of Afghanistan, Ahmed Shah Abdali, which led to the Third Battle of Panipat between the Maratha", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 42 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19698604", "chunk_text": "\"Mughal Empire\"\nempire in all directions and controlled almost the entire Indian subcontinent north of the Godavari River. He created a new class of nobility loyal to him from the military aristocracy of India's social groups, implemented a modern government, and supported cultural developments. At the same time, Akbar intensified trade with European trading companies. India developed a strong and stable economy, leading to commercial expansion and economic development. Akbar allowed free expression of religion, and attempted to resolve socio-political and cultural differences in his empire by establishing a new religion, Din-i-Ilahi, with strong characteristics of a ruler cult. He left his", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 43 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1213051", "chunk_text": "\"Bahadur Shah I\"\nBahadur Shah I Bahadur Shah (—) (14 October 1643 – 27 February 1712), also known as Muhammad Muazzam and Shah Alam was the seventh Mughal emperor of India, ruled from 1707 until his death in 1712. In his youth, he conspired to overthrow his father Aurangzeb, the sixth Mughal emperor, and ascend to the throne a number of times. Shah's plans were intercepted by the emperor, who imprisoned him several times. In 1663, he was also imprisoned by Marathas for seven years. From 1696 to 1707, he was governor of Akbarabad (later known as Agra), Kabul and Lahore. After Aurangzeb's", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 44 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20568037", "chunk_text": "\"Indian people\"\nof Muslim dynasties during the Medieval period intertwined with Hindu powers; the advent of European traders resulting in the establishment of the British rule; and the subsequent independence movement that led to the Partition of India and the creation of the Republic of India. The Indian people established during ancient, medieval to early eighteenth century some of the greatest empires and dynasties in South Asian history like the Maurya Empire, Satavahana dynasty, Gupta Empire, Rashtrakuta dynasty, Chalukya Empire, Chola Empire, Karkota Empire, Pala Empire, Vijayanagara Empire, Maratha Empire and Sikh Empire.The first great Empire of the Indian people was the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 45 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19698612", "chunk_text": "\"Mughal Empire\"\n1720, after a century of growth and prosperity. In fiscal terms the throne lost the revenues needed to pay its chief officers, the emirs (nobles) and their entourages. The emperor lost authority, as the widely scattered imperial officers lost confidence in the central authorities, and made their own deals with local men of influence. The imperial army, bogged down in long, futile wars against the more aggressive Marathas lost its fighting spirit. Finally came a series of violent political feuds over control of the throne. After the execution of emperor Farrukhsiyar in 1719, local Mughal successor states took power in", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 46 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12728877", "chunk_text": "\"Muhammad Azam Shah\"\nShah-i-Ali Jah Ghazi\"\" Muhammad Azam Shah Abu'l Faaiz Qutb-ud-Din Muhammad Azam (28 June 1653 – 8 June 1707), commonly known as Azam Shah (\"\"King Azam\"\"), was a titular Mughal emperor, who reigned from 14 March 1707 to 8 June 1707. He was the eldest son of the sixth Mughal emperor Aurangzeb (also known as Alamgir) and his chief consort Dilras Banu Begum. Azam was appointed as the heir-apparent (\"\"Shahi Ali Jah\"\") to his father on 12 August 1681. He served as the Viceroy of Berar Subah, Malwa, Bengal, Gujarat, Deccan, etc. He ascended the Mughal throne in Ahmednagar upon the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 47 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8741469", "chunk_text": "\"Muhammad Azam Shah\"\nMuhammad Azam Shah Abu'l Faaiz Qutb-ud-Din Muhammad Azam (28 June 1653 – 8 June 1707), commonly known as Azam Shah (\"\"King Azam\"\"), was a titular Mughal emperor, who reigned from 14 March 1707 to 8 June 1707. He was the eldest son of the sixth Mughal emperor Aurangzeb (also known as Alamgir) and his chief consort Dilras Banu Begum. Azam was appointed as the heir-apparent (\"\"Shahi Ali Jah\"\") to his father on 12 August 1681. He served as the Viceroy of Berar Subah, Malwa, Bengal, Gujarat, Deccan, etc. He ascended the Mughal throne in Ahmednagar upon the death of his", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 48 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14319385", "chunk_text": "Subah\ndivided into \"\"Parganas\"\" or \"\"Mahals\"\". His successors, most notably Aurangzeb, expanded the number of \"\"subahs\"\" further through their conquests. As the empire began to dissolve in the early 18th century, many \"\"subahs\"\" became effectively independent, or were conquered by the Marathas or the British. In modern context subah () is a word used for province in Urdu language. Initially, after the administrative reforms of Akbar the Great, the Mughal empire was divided into 12 subahs : Kabul, Lahore, Multan, Delhi, Agra, Avadh, Illahabad, Bihar, Bangalah, Malwa, Ajmer and Gujarat. After the conquest of Deccan, he created three more subahs there", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 49 } ]
test_3593	which financial statement involves all aspects of the accounting equation?	n/a	[ "balance sheet", "The balance sheet" ]	[]	n/a	n/a	n/a	[]	[ { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19246504", "chunk_text": "\"Financial accounting\"\nfinancial statement showing a firm's assets, liabilities and equity (capital) at a set point in time, usually the end of the fiscal year reported on the accompanying income statement. The total assets always equal the total combined liabilities and equity in dollar amount. This statement best demonstrates the basic accounting equation - \"\"Assets = Liabilities + Equity\"\". The statement can be used to help show the status of a company. Accounting standards often set out a general format that companies are expected to follow when presenting their balance sheets. International Financial Reporting Standards normally require that companies report current assets", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 0 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9999334", "chunk_text": "\"Accounting equation\"\nAccounting equation The fundamental accounting equation, also called the balance sheet equation, represents the relationship between the assets, liabilities, and owner's equity of a person or business. It is the foundation for the double-entry bookkeeping system. For each transaction, the total debits equal the total credits. It can be expressed as further more. In a corporation, capital represents the stockholders' equity. Since every business transaction affects at least two of a company’s accounts, the accounting equation will always be “in balance,” meaning the left side should always equal the right side. Thus, the accounting formula essentially shows that what the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 1 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1258812", "chunk_text": "\"Accounting equation\"\neconomics are thus diverse. A company’s quarterly and annual reports are basically derived directly from the accounting equations used in bookkeeping practices. These equations, entered in a business’s general ledger, will provide the material that eventually makes up the foundation of a business’s financial statements. This includes expense reports, cash flow, interest and loan payments, salaries, and company investments. The accounting equation plays a significant role as the foundation of the double entry bookkeeping system. The primary aim of the double entry system is to keep track of debits and credits, and ensure that the sum of these always matches", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 2 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19246509", "chunk_text": "\"Financial accounting\"\nReporting Standards (IFRS), which are issued by the International Accounting Standards Board (IASB). Financial accounting serves the following purposes: Objectives of Financial Accounting The accounting equation (Assets = Liabilities + Owners' Equity) and financial statements are the main topics of financial accounting. The trial balance, which is usually prepared using the double-entry accounting system, forms the basis for preparing the financial statements. All the figures in the trial balance are rearranged to prepare a profit & loss statement and balance sheet. Accounting standards determine the format for these accounts (SSAP, FRS, IFRS). Financial statements display the income and expenditure for", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 3 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16194360", "chunk_text": "\"Accounting equation\"\ndealings might be. This provides valuable information to creditors or banks that might be considering a loan application or investment in the company. Accounting equation The fundamental accounting equation, also called the balance sheet equation, represents the relationship between the assets, liabilities, and owner's equity of a person or business. It is the foundation for the double-entry bookkeeping system. For each transaction, the total debits equal the total credits. It can be expressed as further more. In a corporation, capital represents the stockholders' equity. Since every business transaction affects at least two of a company’s accounts, the accounting equation will", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 4 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9999341", "chunk_text": "\"Accounting equation\"\nwords, this equation allows businesses to determine revenue as well as prepare a statement of retained earnings. This then allows them to predict future profit trends and adjust business practices accordingly. Thus, the accounting equation is an essential step in determining company profitability. Since the balance sheet is founded on the principles of the accounting equation, this equation can also be said to be responsible for estimating the net worth of an entire company. The fundamental components of the accounting equation include the calculation of both company holdings and company debts; thus, it allows owners to gauge the total value", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 5 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20784234", "chunk_text": "\"Financial statement\"\nFinancial statement Financial statements (or financial reports) are formal records of the financial activities and position of a business, person, or other entity. Relevant financial information is presented in a structured manner and in a form easy to understand. They typically include four basic financial statements accompanied by a management discussion and analysis: For large corporations, these statements may be complex and may include an extensive set of footnotes to the financial statements and management discussion and analysis. The notes typically describe each item on the balance sheet, income statement and cash flow statement in further detail. Notes to financial", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 6 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1258813", "chunk_text": "\"Accounting equation\"\nup to the company assets, a calculation carried out by the accounting equation. It is based on the idea that each transaction has an equal effect. It is used to transfer totals from books of prime entry into the nominal ledger. Every transaction is recorded twice so that the debit is balanced by a credit. The income and retained earnings of the accounting equation is also an essential component in computing, understanding, and analyzing a firm’s income statement. This statement reflects profits and losses that are themselves determined by the calculations that make up the basic accounting equation. In other", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 7 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16194354", "chunk_text": "\"Accounting equation\"\nelement of the equation, but always balances. Simple transactions also include: These are some simple examples, but even the most complicated transactions can be recorded in a similar way. This equation is behind debits, credits, and journal entries. This equation is part of the transaction analysis model, for which we also write and The equation resulting from making these substitutions in the accounting equation may be referred to as the \"\"expanded\"\" accounting equation, because it yields the breakdown of the equity component of the equation. The accounting equation is fundamental to the double-entry bookkeeping practice. Its applications in accountancy and", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 8 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10001437", "chunk_text": "\"Financial plan\"\nplan may contain \"\"prospective financial statements\"\", which are similar, but different, than a \"\"budget\"\". Financial plans are the ENTIRE financial accounting overview of a company. Complete financial plans contain all periods and transaction types. It's a combination of the financial statements which independently only reflect a past, present, or future state of the company. Financial plans are the collection of the historical, present, and future financial statements; for example, a (historical & present) costly expense from an operational issue is normally presented prior to the issuance of the prospective financial statements which propose a solution to said operational issue. The", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 9 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19562425", "chunk_text": "\"Financial statement\"\nstatements are considered an integral part of the financial statements. \"\"The objective of financial statements is to provide information about the financial position, performance and changes in financial position of an enterprise that is useful to a wide range of users in making economic decisions.\"\" Financial statements should be understandable, relevant, reliable and comparable. Reported assets, liabilities, equity, income and expenses are directly related to an organization's financial position. Financial statements are intended to be understandable by readers who have \"\"a reasonable knowledge of business and economic activities and accounting and who are willing to study the information diligently.\"\" Financial", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 10 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19246498", "chunk_text": "\"Financial accounting\"\nFinancial accounting Financial accounting (or financial accountancy) is the field of accounting concerned with the summary, analysis and reporting of financial transactions pertaining to a business. This involves the preparation of financial statements available for public consumption. Stockholders, suppliers, banks, employees, government agencies, business owners, and other stakeholders are examples of people interested in receiving such information for decision making purposes. Financial accountancy is governed by both local and international accounting standards. Generally Accepted Accounting Principles (GAAP) is the standard framework of guidelines for financial accounting used in any given jurisdiction. It includes the standards, conventions and rules that accountants", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 11 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16327783", "chunk_text": "\"Consolidated financial statement\"\nConsolidated financial statement Consolidated financial statements - are the \"\"Financial statements of a group in which the assets, liabilities, equity, income, expenses and cash flows of the parent company and its subsidiaries are presented as those of a single economic entity\"\", according to International Accounting Standard 27 \"\"Consolidated and separate financial statements\"\", and International Financial Reporting Standard 10 \"\"Consolidated financial statements\"\". While preparing a consolidated financial statement, there are two basic procedures that need to be followed: first, you cancel out all the items that are accounted as an asset in one company and a liability in another, and then", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 12 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5929513", "chunk_text": "\"Accounting identity\"\nthe underlying figures as measured or estimated may not \"\"add up\"\" due to measurement error, particularly for certain identities in macroeconomics. The most basic identity in accounting is that the balance sheet must balance, that is, that assets must equal the sum of liabilities (debts) and equity (the value of the firm to the owner). In its most common formulation it is known as the accounting equation: where debt includes non-financial liabilities. Balance sheets are commonly presented as two parallel columns, each summing to the same total, with the assets on the left, and liabilities and owners' equity on the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 13 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8719500", "chunk_text": "\"Financial statement analysis\"\nFinancial statement analysis Financial statement analysis (or financial analysis) is the process of reviewing and analyzing a company's financial statements to make better economic decisions. These statements include the income statement, balance sheet, statement of cash flows, and a statement of changes in equity. Financial statement analysis is a method or process involving specific techniques for evaluating risks, performance, financial health, and future prospects of an organization. It is used by a variety of stakeholders, such as credit and equity investors, the government, the public, and decision-makers within the organization. These stakeholders have different interests and apply a variety of", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 14 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8017964", "chunk_text": "\"Cash flow statement\"\nCash flow statement In financial accounting, a cash flow statement, also known as statement of cash flows, is a financial statement that shows how changes in balance sheet accounts and income affect cash and cash equivalents, and breaks the analysis down to operating, investing and financing activities. Essentially, the cash flow statement is concerned with the flow of cash in and out of the business. The statement captures both the current operating results and the accompanying changes in the balance sheet. As an analytical tool, the statement of cash flows is useful in determining the short-term viability of a company,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 15 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18232779", "chunk_text": "\"Balance sheet\"\nBalance sheet In financial accounting, a balance sheet or statement of financial position is a summary of the financial balances of an individual or organization, whether it be a sole proprietorship, a business partnership, a corporation, private limited company or other organization such as Government or not-for-profit entity. Assets, liabilities and ownership equity are listed as of a specific date, such as the end of its financial year. A balance sheet is often described as a \"\"snapshot of a company's financial condition\"\". Of the four basic financial statements, the balance sheet is the only statement which applies to a single", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 16 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6080046", "chunk_text": "Accounting\nwith generally accepted accounting principles (GAAP). GAAP, in turn, arises from the wide agreement between accounting theory and practice, and change over time to meet the needs of decision-makers. Financial accounting produces past-oriented reports—for example the financial statements prepared in 2006 reports on performance in 2005—on an annual or quarterly basis, generally about the organization as a whole. This branch of accounting is also studied as part of the board exams for qualifying as an actuary. These two types of professionals, accountants and actuaries, have created a culture of being archrivals. Management accounting focuses on the measurement, analysis and reporting", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 17 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19246501", "chunk_text": "\"Financial accounting\"\n(HCA) or Constant Purchasing Power Accounting (CPPA). When producing financial statements, they must comply to the following: The statement of cash flows considers the inputs and outputs in concrete cash within a stated period. The general template of a cash flow statement is as follows: \"\"Cash Inflow - Cash Outflow + Opening Balance = Closing Balance\"\" Example 1: in the beginning of September, Ellen started out with $5 in her bank account. During that same month, Ellen borrowed $20 from Tom. At the end of the month, Ellen bought a pair of shoes for $7. Ellen's cash flow statement for", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 18 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19246511", "chunk_text": "\"Financial accounting\"\none positive and one negative (opposites) that you will subtract. Many professional accountancy qualifications cover the field of financial accountancy, including Certified Public Accountant (CPA), Chartered Accountant (CA or other national designations) and Chartered Certified Accountant (ACCA). Financial accounting Financial accounting (or financial accountancy) is the field of accounting concerned with the summary, analysis and reporting of financial transactions pertaining to a business. This involves the preparation of financial statements available for public consumption. Stockholders, suppliers, banks, employees, government agencies, business owners, and other stakeholders are examples of people interested in receiving such information for decision making purposes. Financial accountancy", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 19 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20784237", "chunk_text": "\"Financial statement\"\naccrual accounting, or cost accounting, or a combination of the two (OCBOA). A complete set of chart of accounts is also used that is substantially different from the chart of a profit-oriented business. Personal financial statements may be required from persons applying for a personal loan or financial aid. Typically, a personal financial statement consists of a single form for reporting personally held assets and liabilities (debts), or personal sources of income and expenses, or both. The form to be filled out is determined by the organization supplying the loan or aid. Although laws differ from country to country, an", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 20 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6232386", "chunk_text": "Asset\nasset. In the financial accounting sense of the term, it is not necessary to be able to legally enforce the asset's benefit for qualifying a resource as being an asset, provided the entity can control its use by other means. The accounting equation is the mathematical structure of the balance sheet. It relates assets, liabilities, and owner's equity: Assets are listed on the balance sheet. On a company's balance sheet certain divisions are required by generally accepted accounting principles (GAAP), which vary from country to country. Assets can be divided into e.g. current assets and fixed assets, often with further", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 21 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18977185", "chunk_text": "\"Double-entry bookkeeping system\"\nto assets and liabilities including the capital account of the owners. Personal accounts are accounts relating to persons or organisations with whom the business has transactions and will mainly consist of accounts of debtors and creditors. Nominal accounts are revenue, expenses, gains, and losses. Transactions are entered in the books of accounts by applying the following golden rules of accounting: This approach is also called the American approach. Under this approach transactions are recorded based on the accounting equation, i.e., Assets = Liabilities + Capital. The accounting equation is a statement of equality between the debits and the credits. The", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 22 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4687415", "chunk_text": "\"Income statement\"\ncosts, and other operating commitments. This statement is commonly referred to as the \"\"statement of activities\"\". Revenues and expenses are further categorized in the statement of activities by the donor restrictions on the funds received and expended. The income statement can be prepared in one of two methods. The Single Step income statement takes the simpler approach, totaling revenues and subtracting expenses to find the bottom line. The more complex Multi-Step income statement (as the name implies) takes several steps to find the bottom line, starting with the gross profit. It then calculates operating expenses and, when deducted from the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 23 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8719506", "chunk_text": "\"Financial statement analysis\"\ngraduate level. Persons may earn the Chartered Financial Analyst (CFA) designation through a series of challenging examinations. Financial statement analysis Financial statement analysis (or financial analysis) is the process of reviewing and analyzing a company's financial statements to make better economic decisions. These statements include the income statement, balance sheet, statement of cash flows, and a statement of changes in equity. Financial statement analysis is a method or process involving specific techniques for evaluating risks, performance, financial health, and future prospects of an organization. It is used by a variety of stakeholders, such as credit and equity investors, the government,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 24 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16196903", "chunk_text": "\"Financial plan\"\nconfusion surrounding the term financial plans might stem from the fact that there are many types of financial statement reports. Individually, financial statements show either the past, present, or future financial results. More specifically, financial statements also only reflect the specific categories which are relevant. For instance, investing activities are not adequately displayed in a balance sheet. A financial plan is a combination of the individual financial statements and reflect all categories of transactions (operations & expenses & investing) over time. Some period-specific financial statement examples include \"\"pro forma\"\" statements (historical period) and \"\"prospective statements\"\" (current and future period). Compilations", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 25 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18664107", "chunk_text": "\"Financial statement\"\nline in their income statement, notes could state the reason for the impairment by describing how the asset became impaired. Notes are also used to explain the accounting methods used to prepare the statements and they support valuations for how particular accounts have been computed. In consolidated financial statements, all subsidiaries are listed as well as the amount of ownership (controlling interest) that the parent company has in the subsidiaries. Any items within the financial statements that are valuated by estimation are part of the notes if a substantial difference exists between the amount of the estimate previously reported and", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 26 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18664106", "chunk_text": "\"Financial statement\"\nevery shareholder. The annual report was often prepared in the style of a coffee table book. Notes to financial statements (notes) are additional information added to the end of financial statements that help explain specific items in the statements as well as provide a more comprehensive assessment of a company's financial condition. Notes to financial statements can include information on debt, accounts, contingent liabilities, on going concern criteria, or on contextual information explaining the financial numbers (e.g. to indicate a lawsuit). The notes clarify individual statement line-items. For example, if a company lists a loss on a fixed asset impairment", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 27 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20784247", "chunk_text": "\"Financial statement\"\nmore popular as a format for creating financial statements. Many regulators around the world such as the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission have mandated XBRL for the submission of financial information. The UN/CEFACT created, with respect to Generally Accepted Accounting Principles, (GAAP), internal or external financial reporting XML messages to be used between enterprises and their partners, such as private interested parties (e.g. bank) and public collecting bodies (e.g. taxation authorities). Many regulators use such messages to collect financial and economic information. Financial statement Financial statements (or financial reports) are formal records of the financial activities and position of a", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 28 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8191364", "chunk_text": "Accounting\nAccounting Accounting or accountancy is the measurement, processing, and communication of financial information about economic entities such as businesses and corporations. The modern field was established by the Italian mathematician Luca Pacioli in 1494. Accounting, which has been called the \"\"language of business\"\", measures the results of an organization's economic activities and conveys this information to a variety of users, including investors, creditors, management, and regulators. Practitioners of accounting are known as accountants. The terms \"\"accounting\"\" and \"\"financial reporting\"\" are often used as synonyms. Accounting can be divided into several fields including financial accounting, management accounting, external auditing, tax accounting", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 29 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6008994", "chunk_text": "\"International Financial Reporting Standards\"\nparticular, their timing and certainty. The following are the general features in IFRS: Fundamental qualitative characteristics of financial information include: Enhancing qualitative characteristics include: The elements directly related to the measurement of the statement of financial position include: The financial performance of an entity is presented in the statement of comprehensive income, which consists of the income statement (Statement of Profit/Loss) and the statement of other comprehensive income (usually presented in two separate statements). Financial performance includes the following elements (which are recognised in the income statement or other comprehensive income as required by the applicable IFRS standard): Results recognised", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 30 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4391438", "chunk_text": "\"Cash flow statement\"\nof XYZ: Cash flow statement In financial accounting, a cash flow statement, also known as statement of cash flows, is a financial statement that shows how changes in balance sheet accounts and income affect cash and cash equivalents, and breaks the analysis down to operating, investing and financing activities. Essentially, the cash flow statement is concerned with the flow of cash in and out of the business. The statement captures both the current operating results and the accompanying changes in the balance sheet. As an analytical tool, the statement of cash flows is useful in determining the short-term viability of", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 31 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18232791", "chunk_text": "\"Balance sheet\"\naccount payable) to the least i.e. long term debt such a mortgages and owner's equity at the very bottom. Balance sheet In financial accounting, a balance sheet or statement of financial position is a summary of the financial balances of an individual or organization, whether it be a sole proprietorship, a business partnership, a corporation, private limited company or other organization such as Government or not-for-profit entity. Assets, liabilities and ownership equity are listed as of a specific date, such as the end of its financial year. A balance sheet is often described as a \"\"snapshot of a company's financial", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 32 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9057554", "chunk_text": "Accounting\nand cost accounting. Accounting information systems are designed to support accounting functions and related activities. Financial accounting focuses on the reporting of an organization's financial information, including the preparation of financial statements, to the external users of the information, such as investors, regulators and suppliers; and management accounting focuses on the measurement, analysis and reporting of information for internal use by management. The recording of financial transactions, so that summaries of the financials may be presented in financial reports, is known as bookkeeping, of which double-entry bookkeeping is the most common system. Accounting is facilitated by such as standard-setters, accounting", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 33 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18232780", "chunk_text": "\"Balance sheet\"\npoint in time of a business' calendar year. A standard company balance sheet has two sides: assets, on the left and financing, which itself has two parts, liabilities and ownership equity, on the right. The main categories of assets are usually listed first, and typically in order of liquidity. Assets are followed by the liabilities. The difference between the assets and the liabilities is known as equity or the net assets or the net worth or capital of the company and according to the accounting equation, net worth must equal assets minus liabilities. Another way to look at the balance", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 34 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19246503", "chunk_text": "\"Financial accounting\"\nincome statement reports the changes in value of a company's accounts over a set period (most commonly one fiscal year), and may compare the changes to changes in the same accounts over the previous period. All changes are summarized on the \"\"bottom line\"\" as net income, often reported as \"\"net loss\"\" when income is less than zero. The net profit or loss is determined by: Sales (revenue) – cost of goods sold – selling, general, administrative expenses (SGA) – depreciation/ amortization <nowiki>=</nowiki> earnings before interest and taxes (EBIT) – interest and tax expenses = profit/loss The balance sheet is the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 35 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15535044", "chunk_text": "\"Income statement\"\nIncome statement An income statement or profit and loss account (also referred to as a profit and loss statement (P&L), statement of profit or loss, revenue statement, statement of financial performance, earnings statement, operating statement, or statement of operations) is one of the financial statements of a company and shows the company’s revenues and expenses during a particular period. It indicates how the revenues (money received from the sale of products and services before expenses are taken out, also known as the \"\"“top line”\"\") are transformed into the net income (the result after all revenues and expenses have been accounted", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 36 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18232781", "chunk_text": "\"Balance sheet\"\nsheet equation is that total assets equals liabilities plus owner's equity. Looking at the equation in this way shows how assets were financed: either by borrowing money (liability) or by using the owner's money (owner's or shareholders' equity). Balance sheets are usually presented with assets in one section and liabilities and net worth in the other section with the two sections \"\"balancing\"\". A business operating entirely in cash can measure its profits by withdrawing the entire bank balance at the end of the period, plus any cash in hand. However, many businesses are not paid immediately; they build up inventories", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 37 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19246505", "chunk_text": "\"Financial accounting\"\nand liabilities separately from non-current amounts. Current assets are the most liquid assets of a firm, which can be realized in 12 months period. Current assets include: Non-current assets include fixed or long-term assets and intangible assets: Liabilities include: Owner's equity, sometimes referred to as net assets, is represented differently depending on the type of business ownership. Business ownership can be in the form of a sole proprietorship, partnership, or a corporation. For a corporation, the owner's equity portion usually shows common stock, and retained earnings (earnings kept in the company). Retained earnings come from the retained earnings statement, prepared", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 38 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13531290", "chunk_text": "\"Accounting standard\"\naccounting which can often be simple and straight forward. Larger firms most often operate on an accrual basis. Accounting standards prescribe in considerable detail what accruals must be made, how the financial statements are to be presented, and what additional disclosures are required. Some important elements that accounting standards cover include: identifying the exact entity which is reporting, discussing any \"\"going concern\"\" questions, specifying monetary units, and reporting time frames. Accounting standards were largely written in the early 21st century. Massive \"\"accounting irregularities\"\" at large firms such as Worldcom and Enron illustrate that despite all these efforts, widespread fraud can", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 39 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7215105", "chunk_text": "\"Financial intelligence (business)\"\nskills that can be developed at all levels. The four areas of understanding that make up financial intelligence are: \"\"Understanding the foundation.\"\" Financial intelligence requires an understanding of the basics of financial measurement including the income statement, the balance sheet, and the cash flow statement. It also requires knowing the difference between cash and profit and why a balance sheet balances. \"\"Understanding the art.\"\" Finance and accounting are an art as well as a science. The two disciplines must try to quantify what can't always be quantified, and so must rely on rules, estimates, and assumptions. Financial intelligence ensures people", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 40 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20070842", "chunk_text": "Expense\nexpenses as: In double-entry bookkeeping, expenses are recorded as a debit to an expense account (an income statement account) and a credit to either an asset account or a liability account, which are balance sheet accounts. An expense decreases assets or increases liabilities. Typical business expenses include salaries, utilities, depreciation of capital assets, and interest expense for loans. The purchase of a capital asset such as a building or equipment is not an expense. In a cash flow statement, expenditures are divided into operating, investing, and financing expenditures. An important issue in accounting is whether a particular expenditure is classified", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 41 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8719503", "chunk_text": "\"Financial statement analysis\"\nwant to look for variations such as higher or lower earnings. Vertical analysis is a percentage analysis of financial statements. Each line item listed in the financial statement is listed as the percentage of another line item. For example, on an income statement each line item will be listed as a percentage of gross sales. This technique is also referred to as normalization or common-sizing. Financial ratios are very powerful tools to perform some quick analysis of financial statements. There are four main categories of ratios: liquidity ratios, profitability ratios, activity ratios and leverage ratios. These are typically analyzed over", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 42 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16988646", "chunk_text": "\"Balance (accounting)\"\nand liabilities. To better understand balance in the accounting equation. Balancing the books refers to the primary balance sheet equation of: The first \"\"balancing\"\" of books, or of the balance sheet financial statement in accounting is to check iterations (trial balance) to be sure the equation above applies, and where assets and liabilities are unequal, to equalize them by debiting or crediting owner's equity (i.e. if assets exceed liabilities, equity is increased, if liabilities exceed assets, equity is decreased, both in the amount needed to balance the equation). In addition to the balance sheet, the other primary financial statement (the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 43 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19246510", "chunk_text": "\"Financial accounting\"\nthe company and a summary of the assets, liabilities, and shareholders' or owners' equity of the company on the date to which the accounts were prepared. Assets and expenses have normal debit balances, i.e., debiting these types of accounts increases them. Liabilities, revenues, and capital have normal credit balances, i.e., crediting these increases them. When the same thing is done to an account as its normal balance it increases; when the opposite is done, it will decrease. Much like signs in math: two positive numbers are added and two negative numbers are also added. It is only when there is", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 44 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17908654", "chunk_text": "\"Cash flow statement\"\nto match revenues with the expenses associated with generating those revenues. The cash flow statement includes only inflows and outflows of cash and cash equivalents; it excludes transactions that do not directly affect cash receipts and payments. These non-cash transactions include depreciation or write-offs on bad debts or credit losses to name a few. The cash flow statement is a cash basis report on three types of financial activities: operating activities, investing activities, and financing activities. Non-cash activities are usually reported in footnotes. The cash flow statement is intended to The cash flow statement has been adopted as a standard", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 45 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14025489", "chunk_text": "\"Final accounts\"\nfirm's operations. It records the indirect expenses of a business firm. The balance statement demonstrates the financial position of a business on a specific date. The financial position of a business is found by tabulating its assets and liabilities on a particular date. The excess of assets over liabilities represents the capital sunk into the business, and reflects the financial soundness of a company. Now it's known as the statement of financial position of the company. Final accounts Final accounts gives an idea about the profitability and financial position of a business to its management, owners, and other interested parties.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 46 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19132785", "chunk_text": "\"Trading statement\"\nTrading statement The trading statement is an expanded version of sales portion of the Income statement. The trading statement's main objective is to determine sales, cost of sales and gross profit. The trading statement forms part of effective bookkeeping within the accounting discipline. Sales - Cost of Sales = Gross Profit The main parts of a cost of sales calculation consists of: A business entity purchases £10400 worth of equipment in order to construct computers. During the financial year, £1400 worth of equipment is returned to the entity by its customers as the equipment was determined to be faulty. The", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 47 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20784236", "chunk_text": "\"Financial statement\"\nstatements may be used by users for different purposes: Consolidated financial statements are defined as \"\"Financial statements of a group in which the assets, liabilities, equity, income, expenses and cash flows of the parent (company) and its subsidiaries are presented as those of a single economic entity\"\", according to International Accounting Standard 27 \"\"Consolidated and separate financial statements\"\", and International Financial Reporting Standard 10 \"\"Consolidated financial statements\"\". The rules for the recording, measurement and presentation of government financial statements may be different from those required for business and even for non-profit organizations. They may use either of two accounting methods:", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 48 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20784238", "chunk_text": "\"Financial statement\"\naudit of the financial statements of a public company is usually required for investment, financing, and tax purposes. These are usually performed by independent accountants or auditing firms. Results of the audit are summarized in an audit report that either provide an unqualified opinion on the financial statements or qualifications as to its fairness and accuracy. The audit opinion on the financial statements is usually included in the annual report. There has been much legal debate over who an auditor is liable to. Since audit reports tend to be addressed to the current shareholders, it is commonly thought that they", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 49 } ]
test_3594	where did the world's largest recorded wave occur?	n/a	[ "Lituya Bay in Alaska" ]	[]	n/a	n/a	n/a	[]	[ { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19351590", "chunk_text": "\"Rodrigo Koxa\"\nMonica, CA-based Big Wave Awards as the biggest wave ever surfed in history. He now holds the position in the Guinness World Records with the biggest wave ever surfed in the history of the World Surf League. Koxa surfed the wave on November 8, 2017, in the village of Nazaré, city of Leiria, in Portugal. The feat was declared as the new world record, the wave's height having been about , supplanting the previous record of an estimated set in 2011 by Koxa's mentor Garrett McNamara. In August 2010, Koxa had reached a previous record. In Chile, he surfed the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 0 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13607285", "chunk_text": "\"Garrett McNamara\"\nGarrett McNamara Garrett ‘GMAC’ McNamara (born August 10, 1967) is an American professional big wave surfer and extreme waterman known for breaking the world record for largest wave ever surfed at Nazaré, Portugal, surviving a monstrous wave at Jaws, and riding tsunami from calving glaciers in Alaska. McNamara was born on August 10, 1967 in Pittsfield, Massachusetts and spent much of his childhood in Berkeley, California. In Berkeley, McNamara, and his younger brother Liam McNamara, were both known by friends to be rather fearless and to shrug off the pains of rough childhood play, foreshadowing his later ability to face", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 1 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8724306", "chunk_text": "\"Physical oceanography\"\ncoastline regions where the waves strike with sufficient energy. The tsunami that occurred in Lituya Bay, Alaska on July 9, 1958 was high and is the biggest tsunami ever measured, almost taller than the Sears Tower in Chicago and about taller than the former World Trade Center in New York. The wind generates ocean surface waves, which have a large impact on offshore structures, ships, coastal erosion and sedimentation, as well as harbours. After their generation by the wind, ocean surface waves can travel (as swell) over long distances. Physical oceanography Physical oceanography is the study of physical conditions and", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 2 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3528911", "chunk_text": "Tsunami\nBay, Alaska, caused the highest wave ever recorded, which had a height of 524 metres (over 1700 feet). The wave did not travel far, as it struck land almost immediately. Two people fishing in the bay were killed, but another boat managed to ride the wave. Another landslide-tsunami event occurred in 1963 when a massive landslide from Monte Toc entered the Vajont Dam in Italy. The resulting wave surged over the 262 m (860 ft) high dam by 250 metres (820 ft) and destroyed several towns. Around 2,000 people died. Scientists named these waves megatsunamis. Some geologists claim that large", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 3 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18729436", "chunk_text": "\"Rodrigo Koxa\"\nlargest wave ever seen in South America, estimated at more than face, earning him the record of surfing the highest wave of South America. Rodrigo Koxa Rodrigo ‘Koxa’ Augusto do Espírito Santo (born September 22, 1979) is a Brazilian professional big wave surfer and extreme waterman who broke the world record for largest wave ever surfed at Nazaré, Portugal, in November 8, 2017. Rodrigo ‘Koxa’ Augusto do Espírito Santo was born in Jundiaí, Brazil on September 22, 1979, and began his surfing career in 1988 on the beaches of Guarujá, Brazil. On April 30, 2018, the Koxa won the coveted", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 4 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18729434", "chunk_text": "\"Rodrigo Koxa\"\nRodrigo Koxa Rodrigo ‘Koxa’ Augusto do Espírito Santo (born September 22, 1979) is a Brazilian professional big wave surfer and extreme waterman who broke the world record for largest wave ever surfed at Nazaré, Portugal, in November 8, 2017. Rodrigo ‘Koxa’ Augusto do Espírito Santo was born in Jundiaí, Brazil on September 22, 1979, and began his surfing career in 1988 on the beaches of Guarujá, Brazil. On April 30, 2018, the Koxa won the coveted Quiksilver XXL Biggest Wave prize, in the Big Wave Awards of World Surf League (WSL). His wave was recognised by judges of the Santa", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 5 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15986627", "chunk_text": "\"Nazaré Canyon\"\nwave surfing. In November 2011, Hawaiian surfer Garrett McNamara surfed a record breaking giant wave: from trough to crest, at Praia do Norte, Nazaré, Portugal. In January 2013 it was reported that he successfully rode a wave measuring a maximum estimate of at the same location and possibly exceeding the size of his previous record-breaking wave. In January 2018, Hugo Vau could have smashed a world record amid claims he surfed one of the biggest waves ever seen at Nazare, Portugal. The wave — nicknamed ‘Big Mama’ — was reported to be up to 35-metres-high, which, if confirmed, would beat", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 6 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10839452", "chunk_text": "\"Wave pool\"\nWave pool A wave pool is a swimming pool in which there are artificially generated, reasonably large waves, similar to those of the ocean. Wave pools are often a major feature of water parks. The world's largest artificial waves, measuring up to in height, can be found at Siam Park in the Canary Islands. Conversely, the world's largest wave pool by area is located in Bangkok's Siam Park City. Wave pools go as far back as the 19th Century, as famous fantasy castle builder Ludwig II of Bavaria electrified a lake to create breaking waves. The first wave pool was", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 7 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15296804", "chunk_text": "\"1960 Valdivia earthquake\"\n1960 Valdivia earthquake The 1960 Valdivia earthquake () or Great Chilean earthquake (\"\"Gran terremoto de Chile\"\") of 22 May is the most powerful earthquake ever recorded. Various studies have placed it at 9.4–9.6 on the moment magnitude scale. It occurred in the afternoon (19:11 GMT, 15:11 local time), and lasted approximately 10 minutes. The resulting tsunami affected southern Chile, Hawaii, Japan, the Philippines, eastern New Zealand, southeast Australia and the Aleutian Islands. The epicenter of this megathrust earthquake was near Lumaco, approximately south of Santiago, with Valdivia being the most affected city. The tremor caused localised tsunamis that severely battered", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 8 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14796609", "chunk_text": "Earthquake\nbetween 240,000 and 655,000 people, was the deadliest of the 20th century. The 1960 Chilean earthquake is the largest earthquake that has been measured on a seismograph, reaching 9.5 magnitude on 22 May 1960. Its epicenter was near Cañete, Chile. The energy released was approximately twice that of the next most powerful earthquake, the Good Friday earthquake (March 27, 1964) which was centered in Prince William Sound, Alaska. The ten largest recorded earthquakes have all been megathrust earthquakes; however, of these ten, only the 2004 Indian Ocean earthquake is simultaneously one of the deadliest earthquakes in history. Earthquakes that caused", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 9 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1697547", "chunk_text": "\"Rogue wave\"\nexistence has also since been confirmed by video and photographs, and satellite imagery and radar of the ocean surface, by stereo wave imaging systems, by pressure transducers on the sea-floor and notably by oceanographic research vessel. In February 2000, a British oceanographic research vessel, the RRS \"\"Discovery\"\", sailing in the Rockall Trough west of Scotland encountered the largest waves ever recorded by scientific instruments in the open ocean, with a SWH of and individual waves up to . \"\"In 2004 scientists using three weeks of radar images from European Space Agency satellites found ten rogue waves, each or higher.\"\" A", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 10 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2650842", "chunk_text": "Tsunami\nEnglish, scientists generally encouraged the use of the term \"\"seismic sea wave\"\" rather than \"\"tidal wave\"\". However, like \"\"tsunami\"\", \"\"seismic sea wave\"\" is not a completely accurate term, as forces other than earthquakes – including underwater landslides, volcanic eruptions, underwater explosions, land or ice slumping into the ocean, meteorite impacts, and the weather when the atmospheric pressure changes very rapidly – can generate such waves by displacing water. While Japan may have the longest recorded history of tsunamis, the sheer destruction caused by the 2004 Indian Ocean earthquake and tsunami event mark it as the most devastating of its kind", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 11 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20596873", "chunk_text": "\"Nazaré, Portugal\"\nand entered the Guinness World Record for the biggest wave ever surfed. Social media wrongly attributed a footage of German surfer Sebastian Steudtne surfing another big wave also in Nazaré to Koxa; both have made public statements in attempts to correct the original misinformation. In the meantime, Portuguese surfer Hugo Vau surfed a potentially high wave, known as \"\"the big mama\"\", on 19 January 2018. This achievement yet to be validated. The waves at this point can also be dangerous to those ashore. In August 2012, a freak wave killed a 5 year old British girl and her grandfather walking", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 12 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13163471", "chunk_text": "\"Surf break\"\nor sandbar, which causes waves to break\"\". One of the largest surf breaks in the world is the Jaws surf break in Maui, Hawaii, with waves that reach a maximum height of . However waves which break off Nazaré in Portugal have been recorded to exceed 80 feet, with estimates of waves ridden up to over 100 feet, from trough to peak. The peculiar ocean bathymetry off Nazare is largely responsible for the very large wave faces. There are numerous types of surf breaks. These are defined as permanent or semi permanent obstructions that causes a wave to break, rather", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 13 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13096764", "chunk_text": "\"Praia do Norte (Nazaré)\"\nPraia do Norte (Nazaré) The Praia do Norte (\"\"North Beach\"\") is a Portuguese beach located in Nazaré, Portugal, which due to its great conditions of surfing and its giant breaking waves was listed on the Guinness Book of Records for the biggest waves ever surfed. Praia do Norte’s very high breaking waves form due to the presence of the underwater Nazaré Canyon. The canyon creates constructive interference between incoming swell waves which tends to make the waves much larger. In November 2011, surfer Garrett McNamara, who resides in Hawai'i, surfed a record-breaking giant wave: from trough to crest, at Praia", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 14 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10589079", "chunk_text": "\"Draupner wave\"\nDraupner wave The Draupner wave or New Year's wave was the first rogue wave to be detected by a measuring instrument, occurring at the Draupner platform in the North Sea off the coast of Norway on 1 January 1995. In an area with significant wave height of approximately , a freak wave with a maximum wave height of occurred (peak elevation above still water level was ). Prior to that measurement, no instrument-recorded evidence for rogue waves existed–just anecdotal evidence provided by those who had encountered them at sea, although ships such as the British Ocean Weather Reporter had recorded", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 15 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13768986", "chunk_text": "\"Wave pool\"\nbe pulled out. The moving water, sun glare, and other factors make them difficult for lifeguards. Unlike passive pool safety camera systems, computer automated drowning detection systems do not work in wave pools. Wave pool A wave pool is a swimming pool in which there are artificially generated, reasonably large waves, similar to those of the ocean. Wave pools are often a major feature of water parks. The world's largest artificial waves, measuring up to in height, can be found at Siam Park in the Canary Islands. Conversely, the world's largest wave pool by area is located in Bangkok's Siam", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 16 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15108104", "chunk_text": "\"Wind wave\"\ncase of the Draupner wave, its height was 2.2 times the significant wave height. Such waves are distinct from tides, caused by the Moon and Sun's gravitational pull, tsunamis that are caused by underwater earthquakes or landslides, and waves generated by underwater explosions or the fall of meteorites—all having far longer wavelengths than wind waves. Yet, the largest ever recorded wind waves are common — not rogue — waves in extreme sea states. For example: high waves have been recorded on the RRS Discovery in a sea with significant wave height, so the highest wave is only 1.6 times the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 17 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12881809", "chunk_text": "Tsunami\nTsunami A tsunami (from , \"\"harbour wave\"\"; English pronunciation: or ) sometimes incorrectly referred to as a \"\"\"\"tidal wave\"\"\"\", also known as a seismic sea wave, is a series of waves in a water body caused by the displacement of a large volume of water, generally in an ocean or a large lake. Earthquakes, volcanic eruptions and other underwater explosions (including detonations of underwater nuclear devices), landslides, glacier calvings, meteorite impacts and other disturbances above or below water all have the potential to generate a tsunami. Unlike normal ocean waves, which are generated by wind, or tides, which are generated", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 18 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9322450", "chunk_text": "\"1960 Valdivia earthquake\"\nbetween Concepción and Santiago). This quake was reported to be centered approximately deep and several miles off shore. This 2010 Chile earthquake may be related or consequential to the 1960 tremor. Bibliography 1960 Valdivia earthquake The 1960 Valdivia earthquake () or Great Chilean earthquake (\"\"Gran terremoto de Chile\"\") of 22 May is the most powerful earthquake ever recorded. Various studies have placed it at 9.4–9.6 on the moment magnitude scale. It occurred in the afternoon (19:11 GMT, 15:11 local time), and lasted approximately 10 minutes. The resulting tsunami affected southern Chile, Hawaii, Japan, the Philippines, eastern New Zealand, southeast Australia", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 19 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8811471", "chunk_text": "\"O. H. Hinsdale Wave Research Laboratory\"\nO. H. Hinsdale Wave Research Laboratory O. H. Hinsdale Wave Research Laboratory is a research facility in Corvallis, Oregon, United States. Operated by Oregon State University’s Coastal & Ocean Engineering Program within the Department of Civil, Construction, and Environmental Engineering. Built in 1972, the laboratory was designated as a tsunami research location by the National Science Foundation in 2001. It contains two wave basins and a long wave flume. The Tsunami Wave Basin is the largest tsunami simulator in the world. Construction on the laboratory began in 1972. In 1973, the facility opened with the wave flume used to simulate", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 20 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15894912", "chunk_text": "\"2004 Indian Ocean earthquake and tsunami\"\nIndian Ocean were seriously affected, and the tsunamis killed an estimated 227,898 people in 14 countries. The Indonesian city of Banda Aceh reported the largest number of victims. The earthquake was one of the deadliest natural disasters in recorded history. The direct results caused major disruptions to living conditions and commerce particularly in Indonesia, Sri Lanka, India, and Thailand. The earthquake was the third largest ever recorded and had the longest duration of faulting ever observed; between eight and ten minutes. It caused the planet to vibrate as much as , and it remotely triggered earthquakes as far away as", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 21 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19644586", "chunk_text": "Megatsunami\nsea. The landslide caused a megatsunami that reached high and killed 15,000 people in the local fishing villages. The eruption of Krakatoa created pyroclastic flows which generated megatsunamis when they hit the waters of the Sunda Strait on 27 August 1883. The waves reached heights of up to 24 metres (79 feet) along the south coast of Sumatra and up to 42 metres (138 feet) along the west coast of Java. On July 9, 1958, a giant landslide at the head of Lituya Bay in Alaska, caused by an earthquake, generated a wave that washed out trees to a maximum", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 22 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18403928", "chunk_text": "Megatsunami\nMegatsunami A megatsunami is a very large wave created by a large, sudden displacement of material into a body of water. Megatsunamis have quite different features from other, more usual types of tsunamis. Most tsunamis are caused by underwater tectonic activity (movement of the earth's plates) and therefore occur along plate boundaries and as a result of earthquake and rise or fall in the sea floor, causing water to be displaced. Ordinary tsunamis have shallow waves out at sea, and the water piles up to a wave height of up to about 10 metres (33 feet) as the sea floor", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 23 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2183370", "chunk_text": "\"1964 Alaska earthquake\"\ntsunamis were produced by this subduction zone earthquake. There was a tectonic tsunami produced in addition to about 20 smaller and local tsunamis. These smaller tsunamis were produced by submarine and subaerial landslides and were responsible for the majority of the tsunami damage. Tsunami waves were noted in over 20 countries, including Peru, New Zealand, Papua New Guinea, Japan, Mexico, and Antarctica. The largest tsunami wave was recorded in Shoup Bay, Alaska, with a height of about . Tremors were detected in water wells in Australia. As a result of the earthquake, 139 people are believed to have died: Fifteen", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 24 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13397444", "chunk_text": "Surfing\nGuinness Book of World Records recognized a wave ride by Garrett McNamara at Nazaré, Portugal as the largest wave ever surfed. For hundreds of years, surfing was a central part of ancient Polynesian culture. Surfing may have first been observed by British explorers at Tahiti in 1767. Samuel Wallis and the crew members of who were the first Britons to visit the island in June of that year. Another candidate is the botanist Joseph Banks being part of the first voyage of James Cook on , who arrived on Tahiti on 10 April 1769. Lieutenant James King was the first", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 25 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "301783", "chunk_text": "Teletsunami\nharbors. In 1960, a teletsunami generated near the coast of Chile again devastated Hilo, resulting in 61 deaths. The earthquake responsible was the largest earthquake ever recorded, with a magnitude of 9.5 that caused waves tall in Hilo. A warning was issued in Hilo beforehand that correctly predicted the tsunami's arrival time, though it did not provide sufficient time for the majority of residents to evacuate. The tsunami also struck Japan killing 138 and the Philippines killing 32. In 1964, a large tsunami originated as a result of the 9.2 earthquake from the Gulf of Alaska. As a result, California", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 26 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5362473", "chunk_text": "\"1922 Vallenar earthquake\"\nwas 9 m (30 ft). Three surges were also seen at Coquimbo, the last being the most destructive with a maximum run-up of 7 m (23 ft). The tsunami was also observed in Callao, Peru (2.4 m, 7.9 ft), California (0.2 m, 8 in 13.0 hours delay), Hawaii (2.1 m, 6.9 ft 14.5 hours), Samoa (0.9 m, 3 ft 14.1 hours), Japan (0.3 m, 1 ft), Taiwan(0.03 m, 1 in), New Zealand (0.1 m, 3.9 in), Australia (0.2 m, 7.9 in) and the Philippines (0.1 m, 3.9 in). 1922 Vallenar earthquake The 1922 Vallenar earthquake occurred with a moment magnitude", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 27 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6385454", "chunk_text": "\"Cumbre Vieja\"\nIt remains the highest recorded surge, but was not a tsunami nor a mega-tsunami, although some workers claimed it was; e.g., McGuire, in: BBC 2 TV. 2000. Transcript \"\"Mega-tsunami; Wave of Destruction\"\". Horizon. First screened 21.30, Thursday, 12 October 2000. On 9 October 1963, a mass of rock, soil, and other debris estimated at 2.6 x 10 m, slid in a massive landslide off Monte Toc infilling the newly constructed Vajont Dam or Vaiont Dam in northeast Italy. It displaced ~3.0x10 m—about 1/5th of the water present in the reservoir—which surged over the dam wall and flooded the Piave Valley", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 28 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14175607", "chunk_text": "\"Iceberg B-15\"\non 27 October 2005. The swell travelled from Alaska to Antarctica over six days. Scientists are studying this event as an example of how weather in one area can have effects in other parts of the world, and with concern over the effects on global warming. A more detailed study in 2010, however, shows that the iceberg breakup was principally caused by repeated grounding with near-coastal bathymetry near Cape Adare, Victoria Land. Iceberg B-15 Iceberg B-15 was the world's largest recorded iceberg. It measured around long and wide, with a surface area of —larger than the whole island of Jamaica.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 29 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18403930", "chunk_text": "Megatsunami\nupon the locale, can be several times larger. Modern megatsunamis include the one associated with the 1883 eruption of Krakatoa (volcanic eruption), the 1958 Lituya Bay megatsunami (landslide into a bay), and the wave resulting from the Vajont Dam landslide (caused by human activity destabilizing sides of valley). Prehistoric examples include the Storegga Slide (landslide), and the Chicxulub, Chesapeake Bay and Eltanin meteor impacts. A megatsunami is a tsunami—a large wave due to displacement of a body of water—with an initial wave amplitude (height) measured in several tens, hundreds, or possibly thousands of metres. Normal tsunamis generated at sea result", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 30 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10023635", "chunk_text": "\"Big wave surfing\"\nDorian, Mark Healey, Carlos Burle, Nate Fletcher, Garrett McNamara, Kai Barger, North Shore locals and other of the best big-wave surfers in the world invaded the Hawaiian Islands for a historic day of surfing. Surfers had to catch and survive the wave at Jaws Peahi, on the north shore of Maui, without the use of a jet ski. Jeff Rowley made Australian history by being the first Australian to paddle into a 50-foot plus (15 metre) wave at Jaws Peahi, Hawaii, achieving his 'Charge for Charity' mission set for 2011, to raise money for Breast Cancer Australia. On 30–31 January", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 31 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2420643", "chunk_text": "\"1977 Sumba earthquake\"\n1977 Sumba earthquake The 1977 Sumba earthquake (also called the Sumbawa earthquake) occurred approximately south of Bima, Sumbawa, and beneath the Indian Ocean, at . With a moment magnitude of 8.3, the earthquake is notable for having an unusually great magnitude for a shock with a normal faulting focal mechanism. The shock occurred near the southern section of the Sunda Trench where several other tsunami-generating earthquakes have occurred. The earthquake was at the time the largest outer-rise earthquake ever recorded in Indonesia, and aftershocks along the trench extended about eastward and westward from the epicenter. Although damage from the earthquake", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 32 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13113684", "chunk_text": "Seiche\nthe resonant frequencies of small bodies of water. The 1994 Northridge earthquake in California caused swimming pools to overflow across southern California. The massive Good Friday earthquake that hit Alaska in 1964 caused seiches in swimming pools as far away as Puerto Rico. The earthquake that hit Lisbon, Portugal in 1755 caused seiches 2,000 miles (3,000 km) away in Loch Lomond, Loch Long, Loch Katrine and Loch Ness in Scotland and in canals in Sweden. The 2004 Indian Ocean earthquake caused seiches in standing water bodies in many Indian states as well as in Bangladesh, Nepal and northern Thailand. Seiches", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 33 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17259443", "chunk_text": "\"Dale Webster\"\nDecember 6, 2015. Dale Webster Dale Webster, known as \"\"The Daily Wavester\"\", is a surfer who lives in Valley Ford, California. He is best known for setting the official Guinness Book of World Records record for the \"\"most consecutive days spent surfing\"\" (14,641) and his appearance in Step into Liquid. For forty years, from September 3, 1975 to October 4, 2015, Dale caught at least three waves to shore at Bodega Bay (in Northern California), though most days, he caught many more. He did this every day, despite the danger and inconvenience of hurricane-force winds, shark infestations, car breakdowns, and", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 34 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12457012", "chunk_text": "\"Campbell Island, New Zealand\"\nwere permanently withdrawn when the manual weather observation programme was replaced by an Automatic Weather Station, and the upper air soundings ceased. Today periodic visits to the island are undertaken the by Royal New Zealand Navy to maintain the weather station and transport conservation staff undertaking field research. Other visitors to the island include occasional summer time eco-tourism cruises. The Campbell Island weather station remains a very important source of weather observations in the oceans south of New Zealand. In May 2018, scientists in New Zealand documented what they believe is the largest wave ever recorded in the Southern Hemisphere", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 35 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18700216", "chunk_text": "\"Dale Webster\"\nDale Webster Dale Webster, known as \"\"The Daily Wavester\"\", is a surfer who lives in Valley Ford, California. He is best known for setting the official Guinness Book of World Records record for the \"\"most consecutive days spent surfing\"\" (14,641) and his appearance in Step into Liquid. For forty years, from September 3, 1975 to October 4, 2015, Dale caught at least three waves to shore at Bodega Bay (in Northern California), though most days, he caught many more. He did this every day, despite the danger and inconvenience of hurricane-force winds, shark infestations, car breakdowns, and kidney stone complications,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 36 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5095919", "chunk_text": "\"Operation Wigwam\"\nmeasurement of the explosion-generated underwater bubble was not operational at the time of the shot, but based on other measurements, the bubble's maximum radius was calculated as , and its pulsation period approximately 2.83 seconds. (\"\"See\"\" Scientific Director's Report) See also the United States' nuclear testing series table. The underwater sound from the Wigwam explosion was recorded on bottom‐mounted hydrophones at Point Sur and Point Arena off California, and at Kaneohe Bay off Oahu, Hawaii. The sound emanating from the explosive test began as an intense water shockwave. As the sound travelled away from the test point, it reflected from", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 37 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1697546", "chunk_text": "\"Rogue wave\"\nthe recording of a rogue wave by the Gorm platform in the central North Sea in 1984. A stand-out wave was detected with a wave height of in a relatively low sea state. However, the wave that caught the attention of the scientific community was the digital measurement of the \"\"Draupner wave\"\", a rogue wave at the Draupner platform in the North Sea on January 1, 1995, with a maximum wave height of (peak elevation of ) . During that event, minor damage was also inflicted on the platform, far above sea level, confirming that the reading was valid. Their", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 38 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20596872", "chunk_text": "\"Nazaré, Portugal\"\nof the underwater Nazaré Canyon. As the canyon creates constructive interference between the incoming swell waves, it makes their heights much larger on this stretch of coast. Due to the height of the waves, numerous surfing records have been set at Nazaré. In November 2011, surfer Garrett McNamara, who resided in Hawaii at that time, surfed a then record-breaking giant wave: from trough to crest, at Praia do Norte, Nazaré. On November 8, 2017, Brazilian surfer Rodrigo Koxa broke the previous record by surfing a big wave of ; for this feat he won the Quiksilver XXL Biggest Wave prize", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 39 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12827160", "chunk_text": "\"Japan Trench\"\nan accelerometer to observe seismic changes and a water pressure gauge for tsunami observation. On March 11, 2011, a magnitude 9.0 earthquake occurred on the subduction interface boundary of the Pacific Plate sinking underneath Japan along the Japan Trench. A rupture within the central region of the trench spanning an area of about 450 km long and 150 km wide resulted here. It is considered as the most powerful earthquake ever recorded in Japan as well as one of the four most powerful earthquakes ever recorded since the start of modern record-keeping in 1900. This megathrust earthquake caused giant tsunami", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 40 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3909097", "chunk_text": "\"Crescent City, California\"\nthese incidents were barely perceptible, eleven events included wave measurements exceeding one meter, four events caused damage, and one event in particular is commonly cited as \"\"the largest and most destructive recorded tsunami to ever strike the United States Pacific Coast.\"\" On 27 March 1964, the Good Friday earthquake off Anchorage, Alaska, set in motion local landslide tsunamis, as well as a trans-Pacific wave. The tsunami wave travel time to Crescent City was 4.1 hours after the earthquake, but it only produced localized flooding. The second and third waves to hit Crescent City were both smaller than the first wave,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 41 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3415806", "chunk_text": "\"North Sea\"\non Scotland and the Faeroe Islands. The Dover Straits earthquake of 1580 is among the first recorded earthquakes in the North Sea measuring between 5.6 and 5.9 on the Richter scale. This event caused extensive damage in Calais both through its tremors and possibly triggered a tsunami, though this has never been confirmed. The theory is a vast underwater landslide in the English Channel was triggered by the earthquake, which in turn caused a tsunami. The tsunami triggered by the 1755 Lisbon earthquake reached Holland, although the waves had lost their destructive power. The largest earthquake ever recorded in the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 42 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2650848", "chunk_text": "Tsunami\nin height when they reach shallower water, in a wave shoaling process described below. A tsunami can occur in any tidal state and even at low tide can still inundate coastal areas. On April 1, 1946, the 8.6 Aleutian Islands earthquake occurred with a maximum Mercalli intensity of VI (\"\"Strong\"\"). It generated a tsunami which inundated Hilo on the island of Hawaii with a surge. Between 165 and 173 were killed. The area where the earthquake occurred is where the Pacific Ocean floor is subducting (or being pushed downwards) under Alaska. Examples of tsunami originating at locations away from convergent", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 43 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16898333", "chunk_text": "\"Manila Trench\"\nmagnitude 9.3 (stronger than the 9.0 magnitude 2004 Sumatra event). This massive earthquake, which would be the 2nd strongest in recent history, would have a total length of 990 km and a maximum wave height of 9.3 metres. This event would cause serious flooding, especially in Taiwan, and could affect regions up to 8.5 km inland. The predicted tsunami would reach the southern coast of Thailand in around 13 hours and reach Bangkok in 19 hours. This disaster would also affect the Philippines, Vietnam, Cambodia and China. The most recent large-scale event originating from the Manila Trench was the 2006", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 44 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4241393", "chunk_text": "\"2011 Tōhoku earthquake and tsunami\"\n2011 Tōhoku earthquake and tsunami The was a magnitude 9.0–9.1 (M) undersea megathrust earthquake off the coast of Japan that occurred at 14:46 JST (05:46 UTC) on Friday 11 March 2011, with the epicentre approximately east of the Oshika Peninsula of Tōhoku and the hypocenter at an underwater depth of approximately . The earthquake is often referred to in Japan as the and is also known as the 2011 Tōhoku earthquake, and the 3.11 earthquake. It was the most powerful earthquake ever recorded in Japan, and the fourth most powerful earthquake in the world since modern record-keeping began in 1900.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 45 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4142949", "chunk_text": "\"Garrett McNamara\"\ncaused him to skip off the water three times before being swallowed by the monster-size wave. Rescuers on jet skis eventually pulled McNamara to safety, and he suffered a dislocated shoulder and a broken upper arm that required surgery. Video of McNamara's wipeout went viral, and local surfers have said it was one of the worst wipeouts caught on video. In November 2011, chasing storms and tracking swells paid off for McNamara as he entered the Guinness World Records. He caught a wave in Praia do Norte, Nazaré, Portugal, after being towed into the wave from a jet ski riding", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 46 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15296805", "chunk_text": "\"1960 Valdivia earthquake\"\nthe Chilean coast, with waves up to . The main tsunami raced across the Pacific Ocean and devastated Hilo, Hawaii. Waves as high as were recorded from the epicenter, and as far away as Japan and the Philippines. The death toll and monetary losses arising from this widespread disaster are not certain. Various estimates of the total number of fatalities from the earthquake and tsunamis have been published, ranging between 1,000 and 7,000 killed. Different sources have estimated the monetary cost ranged from 400 million to 800 million (or $ to $ today, adjusted for inflation). The 1960 Chilean earthquakes", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 47 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3528910", "chunk_text": "Tsunami\nmegathrust earthquakes that generated tsunamis (known as teletsunamis) that can cross entire oceans. Smaller (\"\"M\"\" 4.2) earthquakes in Japan can trigger tsunamis (called local and regional tsunamis) that can devastate stretches of coastline, but can do so in only a few minutes at a time. In the 1950s, it was discovered that larger tsunamis than had previously been believed possible could be caused by giant submarine landslides. These rapidly displace large water volumes, as energy transfers to the water at a rate faster than the water can absorb. Their existence was confirmed in 1958, when a giant landslide in Lituya", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 48 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7085423", "chunk_text": "\"Hurricane Luis\"\nof the fastest moving Atlantic hurricanes in recorded history. On September 11, a wave struck an ocean liner. This wave is the largest wave ever recorded; however, Hurricane Ivan in 2004 may have produced a wave up to high off the coast of Mexico. Since 1950, there have been very few Atlantic hurricanes that have had an Accumulated cyclone energy (ACE) index over 50. As it spent nearly fourteen days as a named storm, Luis achieved and ACE value of 53.5, which was the highest since Inez in 1966 and remained the highest until being surpassed by hurricanes Isabel in", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 49 } ]
test_3595	when did hyderabad became a part of india?	n/a	[ "24 November 1949" ]	[]	n/a	n/a	n/a	[]	[ { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8256384", "chunk_text": "\"Hyderabad State\"\nHyderabad State Hyderabad State (), also known as Hyderabad Deccan, was an Indian princely state located in the south-central region of India with its capital at the city of Hyderabad. It is now divided into Telangana state, Hyderabad-Karnataka region of Karnataka and Marathwada region of Maharashtra. The state was ruled from 1724 to 1857 by the Nizam who was initially a viceroy of the Great Mogul in the Deccan. Hyderabad gradually became the first princely state to come under British paramountcy signing a subsidiary alliance agreement. Later, under the leadership of Asaf Jah V it changed its traditional heraldic flag.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 0 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2459332", "chunk_text": "\"Hyderabad State\"\nHyderabad State Hyderabad State (), also known as Hyderabad Deccan, was an Indian princely state located in the south-central region of India with its capital at the city of Hyderabad. It is now divided into Telangana state, Hyderabad-Karnataka region of Karnataka and Marathwada region of Maharashtra. The state was ruled from 1724 to 1857 by the Nizam who was initially a viceroy of the Great Mogul in the Deccan. Hyderabad gradually became the first princely state to come under British paramountcy signing a subsidiary alliance agreement. Later, under the leadership of Asaf Jah V it changed its traditional heraldic flag.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 1 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13594438", "chunk_text": "\"History of Hyderabad\"\nadmitted to the Constituent Assembly drafting a constitution for free India. For the next eight years, Hyderabad State continued as a separate state within the union, with its capital Hyderabad. On 1 November 1956, the states of India were reorganized on linguistic grounds and the 7th Nizam Mir Osman Ali Khan was made the Rajpramukh based on his administrative abilities. Consequently, the territories of the State of Hyderabad were divided between newly created Andhra Pradesh, Bombay state (later Maharashtra), and Karnataka. Hyderabad and the surrounding areas were annexed into India, and later to Andhra Pradesh based on Telugu linguistic majority,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 2 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13594436", "chunk_text": "\"History of Hyderabad\"\ninto the coastal Andhra region of the Madras state of India, the Indian Government under Home Minister Sardar Patel initiated a police action titled Operation Polo. On 16 September 1948, Indian Army moved into Hyderabad State from five fronts. Four days later, the Hyderabad forces surrendered. The number of dead was a little over 800. The Police Action achieved success within a matter of days. The Nizam finally surrendered and signed the Instrument of Accession to the Indian Union and Hyderabad was integrated into the Indian Union as a state. In 1955, B. R. Ambedkar, the then chairman of the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 3 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6122039", "chunk_text": "\"Hyderabad State\"\nThe dynasty declared itself an independent monarchy during the final years of the British Raj. After the Partition of India, Hyderabad tried to be a part of Pakistan but signed a standstill agreement with the new dominion of India, continuing all previous arrangements except for the stationing of Indian troops in the state. Hyderabad's location in the middle of the Indian union, as well as its diverse cultural heritage, was a driving force behind India's invasion and annexation of the state in 1948. Subsequently, Mir Osman Ali Khan, the 7th Nizam, signed an instrument of accession, joining India. Hyderabad State", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 4 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9872927", "chunk_text": "Hyderabad\ndynasty for nearly a century before the Mughals captured the region. In 1724, Mughal viceroy Asif Jah I declared his sovereignty and created his own dynasty, known as the Nizams of Hyderabad. The Nizam's dominions became a princely state during the British Raj, and remained so for , with the city serving as its capital. The city continued as the capital of Hyderabad State after it was brought into the Indian Union in 1948, and became the capital of Andhra Pradesh after the States Reorganisation Act, 1956. Since 1956, Rashtrapati Nilayam in the city has been the winter office of", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 5 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1984384", "chunk_text": "\"Indian Independence Act 1947\"\na dispute between India and Pakistan. The state of Junagadh initially acceded to Pakistan but faced a revolt from its Hindu population. Following a breakdown of law and order, its Dewan requested India to take over the administration on 8 November 1947. India conducted a referendum in the state on 20 February 1948, in which the people voted overwhelmingly to join India. The state of Hyderabad, with majority Hindu population but Muslim ruler, faced an intense turmoil and sectarian violence. India invaded the state on 13 September 1948, following which the ruler of the state signed the Instrument of Accession,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 6 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1412193", "chunk_text": "Telangana\nwas political unrest due to contention for the throne among his sons, who were aided by opportunistic neighbouring states and colonial foreign forces. In 1769, Hyderabad city became the formal capital of the Nizams. The Nizam Nasir-ud-dawlah, Asaf Jah IV signed the Subsidiary Alliance with the British in 1799 and lost its control over the state's defence and foreign affairs. Hyderabad State became a princely state among the presidencies and provinces of British India. When India became independent from the British Empire in 1947, the Nizam of Hyderabad did not want to merge with the Indian Union and wanted to", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 7 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6978491", "chunk_text": "\"Indian annexation of Hyderabad\"\nbetween 30,000 & 40,000.\"\" Other responsible observers estimated the number of deaths to be 200,000 or higher. <section end=Lead /> After the Siege of Golconda by Mughal Empire in 1687, the region was renamed as \"\"Deccan Subah\"\"—(due to its geographical proximity in the Deccan Plateau) and in 1713 Qamar-ud-din Khan—(later known as \"\"Asaf Jah I\"\" or \"\"Nizam I\"\") was appointed its Subahdar and bestowed with the title of \"\"Nizam-ul-Mulk\"\" by the Mughal Emperor. Hyderabad's effective independence is dated to 1724, when the Nizam won a military victory over a rival military appointee. In 1798, Hyderabad became the first Indian princely", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 8 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9872935", "chunk_text": "Hyderabad\nagainst Nizam VII in 1948. On 17 September that year, the Indian Army took control of Hyderabad State after an invasion codenamed Operation Polo. With the defeat of his forces, Nizam VII capitulated to the Indian Union by signing an Instrument of Accession, which made him the \"\"Rajpramukh\"\" (Princely Governor) of the state until 31 October 1956. Between 1946 and 1951, the Communist Party of India fomented the Telangana uprising against the feudal lords of the Telangana region. The Constitution of India, which became effective on 26 January 1950, made Hyderabad State one of the part B states of India,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 9 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6978494", "chunk_text": "\"Indian annexation of Hyderabad\"\nBritish departed from the Indian subcontinent in 1947, they offered the various princely states in the sub-continent the option of acceding to either India or Pakistan, or staying on as an independent state. As stated by Sardar Patel at a press conference in January 1948, \"\"As you are all aware, on the lapse of Paramountcy every Indian State became a separate independent entity.\"\" In India, a small number of states, including Hyderabad, declined to join the new dominion. In the case of Pakistan, accession happened far more slowly. Hyderabad had been part of the calculations of all-India political parties since", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 10 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1412194", "chunk_text": "Telangana\nremain independent. The Government of India annexed Hyderabad State on 17 September 1948 after a military operation called Operation Polo. It appointed a civil servant, M. K. Vellodi, as first chief minister of Hyderabad State on 26 January 1950. He administered the state with the help of English-educated bureaucrats from the Madras and Bombay states, who were familiar with British systems of administration unlike the bureaucrats of Hyderabad State who used a completely different administrative system. The official language of the state was switched from Urdu to English. In 1952, Dr. Burgula Ramakrishna Rao was elected chief minister of the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 11 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16248400", "chunk_text": "\"Indian annexation of Hyderabad\"\nIndian annexation of Hyderabad <section begin=Lead /> Operation Polo is the code name of the Hyderabad \"\"police action\"\" in September 1948, by the newly independent India against the Hyderabad State. It was a military operation in which the Indian Armed Forces invaded the Nizam-ruled princely state, annexing it into the Indian Union. At the time of Partition in 1947, the princely states of India, who in principle had self-government within their own territories, were subject to subsidiary alliances with the British, giving them control of their external relations. In the Indian Independence Act 1947 the British abandoned all such alliances,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 12 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15367799", "chunk_text": "\"History of Telangana\"\ninvaded the State of Hyderabad and overthrew its Nizam, annexing the state into the Indian Union. At the time of the Partition of India, the princely states of India, who in principle had self-government within their own territories, were subject to subsidiary alliances with the British, giving them control of their external relations. In the Indian Independence Act 1947 the British abandoned all such alliances, leaving the states with the option of opting for full independence. However, by 1948 almost all had acceded to either India or Pakistan. One major exception was that of Hyderabad, where the Nizam, a Muslim", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 13 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18290797", "chunk_text": "\"Hyderabad State (1948–56)\"\nseparate state. Hyderabad City will continue to be the capital of both Andhra Pradesh and Telangana for 10 years. Hyderabad State (1948–56) Hyderabad State was a state in Independent India, formed after the accession of the princely state of Hyderabad into the Indian Union on 24 November 1949. It existed from 1948 to 1956. Following the States Reorganisation Act Hyderabad State was merged with Andhra State in 1956 and renamed Andhra Pradesh. After the Annexation into the Indian Union, Major General J. N. Chaudhuri who led Operation Polo stayed on as Military Governor till December 1949. The state witnessed Mulkhi", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 14 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10112455", "chunk_text": "\"Warangal Urban district\"\nsultanate ruled Warangal. The Mughal emperor Aurangzeb conquered Golconda in 1687, and it remained part of the Mughal empire until the southern provinces of the empire split away to become the state of Hyderabad in 1724 which included the Telangana region and some parts of Maharashtra and Karnataka. Hyderabad became an Indian state in 1948. In 1956 Hyderabad was partitioned as part of the States Reorganisation Act, and Telangana, the Telugu-speaking region of Hyderabad state which includes Warangal, became part of Andhra Pradesh. After the bifurcation of the state of Andhra Pradesh, the district became a part of the new", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 15 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5190451", "chunk_text": "Warangal\nthe demise of the Nayaks, Warangal was part of the Bahmani Sultanate and then the Sultanate of Golconda. The Mughal emperor Aurangzeb conquered Golconda in 1687, and it remained part of the Mughal empire until the southern provinces of the empire split away to become the state of Hyderabad in 1724, which included the Telangana region and some parts of Maharashtra and Karnataka. Hyderabad was annexed to India in 1948, and became an Indian state called as Hyderabad state. In 1956 Hyderabad state was partitioned as part of the States Reorganisation Act, and Telangana, the Telugu-speaking region of Hyderabad state,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 16 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16091069", "chunk_text": "Hyderabad\nof railways in the 1880s, four factories were built to the south and east of Hussain Sagar Lake, and during the early 20th century, Hyderabad was transformed into a modern city with the establishment of transport services, underground drainage, running water, electricity, telecommunications, universities, industries, and Begumpet Airport. The Nizams ruled their princely state from Hyderabad during the British Raj. After India gained independence, the Nizam declared his intention to remain independent rather than become part of the Indian Union. The Hyderabad State Congress, with the support of the Indian National Congress and the Communist Party of India, began agitating", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 17 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13594431", "chunk_text": "\"History of Hyderabad\"\n1879, a railway company fully owned by the Nizam. It was formed to connect Hyderabad with the rest of the British India, and was headquartered at Secunderabad Railway Station. After independence, it was integrated into the Indian Railways. The introduction of railways also marked the beginning of industry in Hyderabad, and four factories were built to the south and east of the Hussain Sagar lake. The population of Hyderabad city reached 448,000 in 1901, making it the fourth most populous in British India. The surrounding Hyderabad State had a population of 11 million. The Great Musi Flood of 1908 ravaged", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 18 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3256368", "chunk_text": "\"History of India\"\nQutb Shahi dynasty of Golconda in 1591. Following a brief Mughal rule, Asif Jah, a Mughal official, seized control of Hyderabad and declared himself Nizam-al-Mulk of Hyderabad in 1724. The Nizams lost considerable territory and paid tribute to the Maratha Empire after being routed in multiple battles, such as the Battle of Palkhed. However, the Nizams maintained their sovereignty from 1724 until 1948 through paying tributes to the Marathas, and later, being vessels of the British. Hyderabad State became princely state in British India 1798. The Nawabs of Bengal had become the de facto rulers of Bengal following the decline", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 19 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15367778", "chunk_text": "\"History of Telangana\"\nHistory of Telangana The history of Telangana, located in the Deccan region, includes its governance by many rulers. It was ruled by the Satavahana dynasty (230 BCE to 220 CE), the Telinga Kakatiya Dynasty (1083–1323), the Musunuri Nayaks (1326–1356) the Delhi Sultanate, the Bahmani Sultanate (1347–1509) and Vijayanagara Empire (1509–1529). Later, the Telangana region became part of the Golconda Sultanate (1529–1687) and Hyderabad State (1724-1948). On 2 June 2014, Telangana became the 29th state of India, consisting of the thirty-one districts, with Hyderabad as its capital. The city of Hyderabad will continue to serve as the joint capital for Andhra", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 20 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7037721", "chunk_text": "\"Hyderabad State (1948–56)\"\nHyderabad State (1948–56) Hyderabad State was a state in Independent India, formed after the accession of the princely state of Hyderabad into the Indian Union on 24 November 1949. It existed from 1948 to 1956. Following the States Reorganisation Act Hyderabad State was merged with Andhra State in 1956 and renamed Andhra Pradesh. After the Annexation into the Indian Union, Major General J. N. Chaudhuri who led Operation Polo stayed on as Military Governor till December 1949. The state witnessed Mulkhi agitation in 1952 by the locals after a government jobs meant for the locals were given to non-locals. Telangana", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 21 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6655274", "chunk_text": "Telangana\nwhich the presidency became India's Madras state. The Hyderabad state joined the Union of India in 1948 after an Indian military invasion. In 1956, the Hyderabad State was dissolved as part of the linguistic reorganisation of states and Telangana was merged with the Telugu-speaking Andhra State (part of the Madras Presidency during the British Raj) to form Andhra Pradesh. A peasant-driven movement began to advocate for separation from Andhra Pradesh starting in the early 1950s, and continued until Telangana was awarded separate statehood on 2 June 2014. The economy of Telangana is the eighth-largest state economy in India with in", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 22 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16091058", "chunk_text": "Hyderabad\nthe President of India. In 2014, the newly formed state of Telangana split from Andhra Pradesh and the city became the joint capital of the two states, a transitional arrangement scheduled to end by 2025. Relics of Qutb Shahi and Nizam rule remain visible today; the Charminar—commissioned by Muhammad Quli Qutb Shah—has come to symbolise Hyderabad. Golconda fort is another major landmark. The influence of Mughlai culture is also evident in the region's distinctive cuisine, which includes Hyderabadi biryani and Hyderabadi haleem. The Qutb Shahis and Nizams established Hyderabad as a cultural hub, attracting men of letters from different parts", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 23 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16091056", "chunk_text": "Hyderabad\nHyderabad Hyderabad ( ) is the capital of the Indian state of Telangana and \"\"de jure\"\" capital of Andhra Pradesh. Occupying along the banks of the Musi River, it has a population of about and a metropolitan population of about , making it the fourth most populous city and sixth most populous urban agglomeration in India. At an average altitude of , much of Hyderabad is situated on hilly terrain around artificial lakes, including Hussain Sagar—predating the city's founding—north of the city centre. Established in 1591 by Muhammad Quli Qutb Shah, Hyderabad remained under the rule of the Qutb Shahi", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 24 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16248401", "chunk_text": "\"Indian annexation of Hyderabad\"\nleaving the states with the option of opting for full independence. However, by 1948 almost all had acceded to either India or Pakistan. One major exception was that of the wealthiest and most powerful principality, Hyderabad, where the Nizam, Osman Ali Khan, Asif Jah VII, a Muslim ruler who presided over a largely Hindu population, chose independence and hoped to maintain this with an irregular army recruited from the Muslim aristocracy, known as the Razakars. The Nizam was also beset by the Telangana uprising, which he was unable to subjugate. In November 1947, Hyderabad signed a standstill agreement with the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 25 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2459313", "chunk_text": "\"Hyderabad State\"\nchapter VII of the United Nations Charter. The Hyderabad representative responded to India's excuse for the intervention by pointing out that the Stand-still Agreement between the two countries had expressly provided that nothing in it should give India the right to send in troops to assist in the maintenance of internal order. At 5 p.m. on 17 September the Nizam's army surrendered. India then incorporated the state of Hyderabad into the Union of India and ended the rule of the Nizams. After the incorporation of Hyderabad State into India, M. K. Vellodi was appointed as Chief Minister of the state", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 26 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9872932", "chunk_text": "Hyderabad\n\"\"Hyderabad Deccan\"\", and started what came to be known as the Asif Jahi dynasty. Subsequent rulers retained the title \"\"Nizam ul-Mulk\"\" and were referred to as Asif Jahi Nizams, or Nizams of Hyderabad. The death of Asif Jah I in 1748 resulted in a period of political unrest as his sons, backed by opportunistic neighbouring states and colonial foreign forces, contended for the throne. The accession of Asif Jah II, who reigned from 1762 to 1803, ended the instability. In 1768 he signed the treaty of Machilipatnam, surrendering the coastal region to the East India Company in return for a", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 27 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9872931", "chunk_text": "Hyderabad\nOn 21 September 1687, the Golkonda Sultanate came under the rule of the Mughal emperor Aurangzeb after a year-long siege of the Golkonda fort. The annexed city \"\"Hyderabad\"\" was renamed \"\"Darul Jihad\"\" (House of War), whereas its state \"\"Golconda\"\" was renamed \"\"Deccan Suba\"\" (Deccan province) and the capital was moved from Golconda to Aurangabad, about northwest of Hyderabad. In 1714 Farrukhsiyar, the Mughal emperor, appointed Asif Jah I to be Viceroy of the Deccan, with the title \"\"Nizam-ul-Mulk\"\" (Administrator of the Realm). In 1724, Asif Jah I defeated Mubariz Khan to establish autonomy over the \"\"Deccan Suba\"\", named the region", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 28 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6978492", "chunk_text": "\"Indian annexation of Hyderabad\"\nstate to accede to British protection under the policy of Subsidiary Alliance instituted by Arthur Wellesley and thus named as Hyderabad state. The State of Hyderabad under the leadership of its 7th Nizam, Mir Osman Ali, was the largest and most prosperous of all the princely states in India. With annual revenues of over Rs. 9 crore, it covered of fairly homogenous territory and comprised a population of roughly 16.34 million people (as per the 1941 census) of which a majority (85%) was Hindu. The state had its own army, airline, telecommunication system, railway network, postal system, currency and radio", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 29 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13070973", "chunk_text": "\"History of Hyderabad\"\nKhan Pani who was bribed by Aurangzeb. Hyderabad's independence was eclipsed. On 21 September 1687, the Golkonda Sultanate came under the rule of the Mughal emperor Aurangzeb after a year-long siege of the Golkonda fort. The annexed city \"\"Hyderabad\"\" was renamed \"\"Darul Jihad\"\" (House of War), whereas its state \"\"Golconda\"\" was renamed \"\"Deccan Suba\"\" (Deccan province) and the capital was moved from Golconda to Aurangabad, about northwest of Hyderabad. Mubariz Khan was appointed as the Governor of the Deccan province. Aurangzeb's efforts would turn out largely in vain, with Hyderabad remaining under Mughal rule for less than four decades. During", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 30 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9872937", "chunk_text": "Hyderabad\nstate was split into three parts, which were merged with neighbouring states to form the modern states of Maharashtra, Karnataka and Andhra Pradesh. The nine Telugu- and Urdu-speaking districts of Hyderabad State in the Telangana region were merged with the Telugu-speaking Andhra State to create Andhra Pradesh, with Hyderabad as its capital. Several protests, known collectively as the Telangana movement, attempted to invalidate the merger and demanded the creation of a new Telangana state. Major actions took place in 1969 and 1972, and a third began in 2010. The city suffered several explosions: one at Dilsukhnagar in 2002 claimed two", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 31 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9872933", "chunk_text": "Hyderabad\nfixed annual rent. In 1769 Hyderabad city became the formal capital of the Nizams. In response to regular threats from Hyder Ali (Dalwai of Mysore), Baji Rao I (Peshwa of the Maratha Empire), and Basalath Jung (Asif Jah II's elder brother, who was supported by the Marquis de Bussy-Castelnau), the Nizam signed a subsidiary alliance with the East India Company in 1798, allowing the British Indian Army to occupy Bolarum (modern Secunderabad) to protect the state's capital, for which the Nizams paid an annual maintenance to the British. Until 1874 there were no modern industries in Hyderabad. With the introduction", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 32 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2459310", "chunk_text": "\"Hyderabad State\"\njoin one or the other, or to remain independent. On 11 June 1947, the Nizam issued a declaration to the effect that he had decided not to participate in the Constituent Assembly of either Pakistan or India. However, the Nizams were Muslim ruling over a predominantly Hindu population. India insisted that the great majority of residents wanted to join India. The Nizam was in a weak position as his army numbered only 24,000 men, of whom only some 6,000 were fully trained and equipped. On 21 August 1948, the Secretary-General of the Hyderabad Department of External Affairs requested the President", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 33 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6989118", "chunk_text": "\"Nizam of Hyderabad\"\nthe Nizam of Hyderabad initially chose to join neither India nor Pakistan. He later declared Hyderabad an independent state, but the Government of India refused to accept this. After attempts by India to persuade the Nizam to accede to India failed, the Indian government finally launched a military operation named Operation Polo to annex Hyderabad. When the Indian Army invaded on 13 September 1948, his overwhelmingly untrained forces were unable to withstand the Indian army and were defeated. The Nizam capitulated on 17 September 1948; that same afternoon he broadcast the news over the State radio network. The Nizam was", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 34 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16248402", "chunk_text": "\"Indian annexation of Hyderabad\"\ndominion of India, continuing all previous arrangements except for the stationing of Indian troops in the state. However, with the rise of militant razakars, India found it necessary to station Indian troops and invaded the state in September 1948 to compel the Nizam. Subsequently, the Nizam signed an instrument of accession, joining India. The operation led to massive violence on communal lines. The Indian prime minister Jawaharlal Nehru appointed a commission known as the Sunderlal Committee. Its report, which was not released until 2013, concluded that \"\"as a very reasonable & modest estimate...the total number of deaths in the state...somewhere", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 35 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6655273", "chunk_text": "Telangana\n\"\"Ganga-Jamuni Tehzeeb\"\". During the 18th century and the British Raj, Telangana was ruled by the Nizam of Hyderabad. In 1823, the Nizams lost control over Northern Circars (Coastal Andhra) and Ceded Districts (Rayalseema), which were handed over to the East India Company. The annexation by the British of the Northern Circars deprived Hyderabad State, the Nizam's dominion, of the considerable coastline it formerly had, to that of a landlocked princely state with territories in Central Deccan, bounded on all sides by British India. Thereafter, the Northern Circars were governed as part of Madras Presidency until India's independence in 1947, after", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 36 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2058087", "chunk_text": "\"Nizamabad, Telangana\"\nin the year 1905 when Nizam's Dominion were recognized, where up to it was known as \"\"Indur\"\". The Nizam of Hyderabad ruled over the Deccan region during the 18th century. Nizamabad was a part of princely State of Hyderabad in 1724 and continued to be part of the Nizam's dominions until 1948. After India gained independence in 1947, the Indian Armed Forces annexed Hyderabad and ended the rule of the Nizam in Operation Polo. It was during 1876 Nizamabad became a separate district when the districts in Hyderabad State were reorganized by Salar Jung-I, the then prime minister. In 1905", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 37 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20374540", "chunk_text": "\"History of the Telangana movement\"\nHistory of the Telangana movement The history of the Telangana movement refers to the political and social conditions under which the Telangana region was merged with Andhra State to form the state of Andhra Pradesh and the subsequent demands to reverse the merger to form a new state of Telangana. When India became independent from the British Empire in 1947, the Nizam of Hyderabad, a Muslim king, wanted Hyderabad State to remain independent under the special provisions given to princely states. The Hindus of the Hyderabad State who accounted for 93% of its population, launched the 'Join India' movement with", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 38 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2459308", "chunk_text": "\"Hyderabad State\"\nand several schools and colleges were founded throughout the state. Many writers, poets, intellectuals and other eminent people (including Fani Badayuni, Dagh Dehlvi, Josh Malihabadi, Ali Haider Tabatabai, Shibli Nomani, Nawab Mohsin-ul-Mulk, Mirza Ismail) migrated from all parts of India to Hyderabad during the reign of Asaf Jah VII, and his father and predecessor Asaf Jah VI. The Nizam also established Hyderabad State Bank. Hyderabad was the only state in British India which had its own currency, the Hyderabadi rupee. The Begumpet Airport was established in the 1930s with formation of Hyderabad Aero Club by the Nizam. Initially it was", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 39 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8120981", "chunk_text": "\"History of Telangana\"\nHe captured Hyderabad and besieged Golconda in 1687, and the refused any negotiations. On September 22, 1687, after a nine month long siege, Golconda was captured. Abul Hasan Qutb Shah was taken prisoner, and Hyderabad's diamond trade was all but destroyed. The Nizams of Hyderabad, also known as the \"\"Asaf Jahi\"\" dynasty, ruled Hyderabad State, which comprised Telangana, Marathwada and Hyderabad-Karnataka from 1724 to 1948. Under this period, Hyderabad State was the largest princely state in British India, and had its own mint, currency, railway and postal system. The Nizam acquired massive amounts of wealth due to the diamond trade.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 40 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6122062", "chunk_text": "\"Hyderabad State\"\nthe report, reducing its potential impact. In February 1938, the Indian National Congress passed the Haripura resolution declaring that the princely states are \"\"an integral part of India,\"\" and that it stood for \"\"the same political, social and economic freedom in the States as in the rest of India\"\". Encouraged by this, the standing committee of the People's Convention proposed to form a Hyderabad State Congress and an enthusiastic drive to enroll members was begun. By July 1938, the committee claimed to have enrolled 1200 primary members and declared that elections would soon be held for the office-bearers. It called", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 41 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19984990", "chunk_text": "\"Gulbarga Fort\"\nof which Gulbarga area was a part. The fort and the Gulbarga district were a part of Hyderabad state under Nizams rule. After India became independent in August 1947, Hyderabad state was annexed to the Indian union in 1948. In 1956, the Indian state of Hyderabad was partitioned among neighboring states along linguistic lines and renamed as Andhra Pradesh. Most of the Gulbarga district became part of the then Mysore state, later renamed Karnataka, excluding two taluks, which were given to Andhra Pradesh. It is located on a plateau land in the northeastern part of Karnataka. Krishna River and Bhima", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 42 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13594440", "chunk_text": "\"History of Hyderabad\"\nairports in India. The city saw terrorist bomb blasts in May 2007, August 2007 and February 2013. Hyderabad also hosted the 2007 Military World Games and 2009 World Badminton Championships. By the Andhra Pradesh Reorganization Act, 2014, the state of Telangana was separated from Andhra Pradesh as a new 29th state of India, with the city of Hyderabad as its capital. The new state was created on 2nd June, 2014. K. Chandrashekhar Rao was elected as the first Chief Minister of Telangana. Hyderabad would also remain the \"\"de jure\"\" capital of Andhra Pradesh for a period of ten years. The", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 43 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9119161", "chunk_text": "\"Andhra Pradesh\"\nPrincely Hyderabad State from India, but the people of the region launched a movement to join the Indian Union. The state of Hyderabad was forcibly joined to the Republic of India with Operation Polo in 1948. In an effort to gain an independent state based on linguistic identity, and to protect the interests of the Telugu-speaking people of Madras State, Potti Sreeramulu fasted to death in 1952. As Madras became a bone of contention, in 1949 a JVP committee report stated: \"\"Andhra Province could be formed provided the Andhras give up their claim on the city of Madras (now Chennai)\"\".", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 44 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3230320", "chunk_text": "\"Telangana movement\"\nas the Hyderabad State with provision for its unification with Andhra after the general elections likely to be held in or about 1961 if by a two thirds majority the legislature of the residuary Hyderabad State expresses itself in favor of such unification.\"\" After going through the recommendations of the SRC, the then Home Minister Pandit Govind Ballabh Pant decided to merge Andhra state and Telangana to form Andhra Pradesh state on 1 November 1956 after providing safeguards to Telangana in the form of Gentleman's agreement. Telangana was the largest of the three regions of Andhra Pradesh state, covering 41.47%", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 45 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8256392", "chunk_text": "\"Hyderabad State\"\nonly had the support of Winston Churchill and the British Conservatives. At 4 a.m. on 13 September 1948, India's Hyderabad Campaign, code-named \"\"Operation Polo\"\" by the Indian Army, began. Indian troops invaded Hyderabad from all points of the compass. On 13 September 1948, the Secretary-General of the Hyderabad Department of External Affairs in a cablegram informed the United Nations Security Council that Hyderabad was being invaded by Indian forces and that hostilities had broken out. The Security Council took notice of it on 16 September in Paris. The representative of Hyderabad called for immediate action by the Security Council under", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 46 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15937407", "chunk_text": "\"Hyderabadi Muslims\"\nHyderabad State, under the rule of the seventh Nizam lasted for a year, until September 18, 1948, when the Indian Army launched Operation Polo, and invaded Hyderabad state, annexing it into the Indian Union. The Invasion resulted in the massacre of thousands of Hyderabadi Muslims, and mass migration mainly to the west, and Pakistan. The Integration of Hyderabad, into the dominion of India, other than the shock of the controversial massacre of the integration, took a turn of an identity crisis for the Hyderabadi Muslim people. Thousands of Hyderabadi Muslims emigrated from the newly integrated Indian state of Hyderabad to", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 47 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8120984", "chunk_text": "\"History of Telangana\"\nIn 1768 he signed the Treaty of Machilipatnam, surrendering the coastal region to the East India Company in return for a fixed annual rent. In 1769 Hyderabad city became the formal capital of the Nizams. In response to regular threats from Hyder Ali (\"\"Dalwai\"\" of Mysore), Baji Rao I (\"\"Peshwa\"\" of the Maratha Empire), and Basalath Jung (Asaf Jah II's elder brother, who was supported by the Marquis de Bussy-Castelnau), the Nizam signed a subsidiary alliance with the East India Company in 1798, allowing the British Indian Army to occupy Bolarum (modern Secunderabad) to protect the state's capital, for which", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 48 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13594427", "chunk_text": "\"History of Hyderabad\"\nof Asif Jah II, who reigned from 1762 to 1803, ended the instability. In 1768 he signed the Treaty of Machilipatnam, surrendering the coastal region to the East India Company in return for a fixed annual rent. In 1769 Hyderabad city became the formal capital of the Nizams. In response to regular threats from Hyder Ali (\"\"Dalwai\"\" of Mysore), Baji Rao I (\"\"Peshwa\"\" of the Maratha Empire), and Basalath Jung (Asaf Jah II's elder brother, who was supported by the Marquis de Bussy-Castelnau), the Nizam signed a subsidiary alliance with the East India Company in 1798, allowing the British Indian", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 49 } ]
test_3596	who plays bianca in that's so raven?	n/a	[ "Erica Rivera" ]	[]	n/a	n/a	n/a	[]	[ { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11110491", "chunk_text": "\"Anneliese van der Pol\"\nAnneliese van der Pol Anneliese Louise van der Pol (born September 23, 1984) is a Dutch-born American actress, singer, and dancer. Following her early career in musical theatre, she was best known for her role as Chelsea Daniels on \"\"That's So Raven\"\", a role she reprises on its sequel \"\"Raven's Home\"\". Van der Pol also has a career as a singer and has recorded several songs for The Walt Disney Company. She made her Broadway debut in 2007, and appeared Off-Broadway in 2009. She has also acted in the 2010 vampire spoof film \"\"Vampires Suck\"\" directed by Jason Friedberg and", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 0 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14466765", "chunk_text": "\"Drew Sidora\"\nDrew Sidora Drew Sidora Jordan (born May 1, 1985), better known by her stage name Drew Sidora, is an American actress and singer known for her recurring role as Chantel in the Disney Channel Original Series \"\"That's So Raven\"\", also as Lucy Avila in the 2006 movie \"\"Step Up\"\" and starred as Tionne Watkins in the VH1 TLC biographical film \"\"\"\". She is also known for portraying a fictionalized version of herself on the BET comedy-drama television series \"\"The Game\"\". Drew Sidora was born in Chicago, Illinois. She completed numerous industrial films and was the youngest member of the \"\"Hook", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 1 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14466769", "chunk_text": "\"Drew Sidora\"\nson, Machai David, (born June 30, 2015) and daughter, Aniya Grace, (born February 14, 2018) Sidora also has a son, Josiah (born March 2, 2011) from a previous relationship. Drew Sidora Drew Sidora Jordan (born May 1, 1985), better known by her stage name Drew Sidora, is an American actress and singer known for her recurring role as Chantel in the Disney Channel Original Series \"\"That's So Raven\"\", also as Lucy Avila in the 2006 movie \"\"Step Up\"\" and starred as Tionne Watkins in the VH1 TLC biographical film \"\"\"\". She is also known for portraying a fictionalized version of", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 2 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16991378", "chunk_text": "\"That's So Raven\"\nfrom 2004 to 2010 and Star Plus from 2003 to 2008. That's So Raven That's So Raven is an American supernatural sitcom that originally ran on Disney Channel from January 17, 2003 to November 10, 2007. Set in San Francisco, the series starred Raven-Symoné as Raven Baxter, a teenager with psychic abilities who draws on her ingenuity, talent as a fashion designer, and a variety of disguises to get in and out of amusing adolescent and pre-adolescent situations. Orlando Brown and Anneliese van der Pol co-starred as her best friends, Eddie Thomas and Chelsea Daniels, alongside Kyle Massey as her", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 3 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12687499", "chunk_text": "\"Juliette Goglia\"\nJuliette Goglia Juliette Rose Goglia (born September 22, 1995) is an American actress. She is best known for portraying Sierra in the Disney Channel series \"\"That's So Raven\"\", Hannah West in the CBS series \"\"\"\", and Eve Henry on \"\"The Michael J. Fox Show\"\". Goglia was born in a suburb of Los Angeles, California, the daughter of Susan Stokey, an actress, and Carmine Goglia, a scenic painter of Italian descent. Her maternal grandfather was game show host and producer Mike Stokey. She has one older brother named Dante and one older sister named Emily. Goglia made her film debut as", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 4 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16563298", "chunk_text": "\"That's So Raven\"\nThat's So Raven That's So Raven is an American supernatural sitcom that originally ran on Disney Channel from January 17, 2003 to November 10, 2007. Set in San Francisco, the series starred Raven-Symoné as Raven Baxter, a teenager with psychic abilities who draws on her ingenuity, talent as a fashion designer, and a variety of disguises to get in and out of amusing adolescent and pre-adolescent situations. Orlando Brown and Anneliese van der Pol co-starred as her best friends, Eddie Thomas and Chelsea Daniels, alongside Kyle Massey as her mischievous younger brother Cory and T'Keyah Crystal Keymáh and Rondell Sheridan", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 5 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9275121", "chunk_text": "\"Raven-Symoné\"\nRaven-Symoné Raven-Symoné Christina Pearman (; born December 10, 1985) is an American actress, singer, songwriter, model, television personality, dancer, rapper and producer. She began her career as a child actress, appearing as Olivia Kendall on \"\"The Cosby Show\"\" (1989–1992) and Nicole Lee on \"\"Hangin' with Mr. Cooper\"\" (1993–1997). As a teenager, she starred as Raven Baxter on the Disney Channel television series \"\"That's So Raven\"\" (2003–2007), for which she was nominated for numerous accolades. Raven-Symoné's film credits include \"\"Dr. Dolittle\"\" (1998), \"\"Dr. Dolittle 2\"\" (2001), \"\"College Road Trip\"\" (2008), and successful television films, including \"\"\"\" (1999), \"\"The Cheetah Girls\"\" (2003),", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 6 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4286291", "chunk_text": "\"T'Keyah Crystal Keymáh\"\nT'Keyah Crystal Keymáh T'Keyah Crystal Keymáh (born Crystal Walker; October 13, 1962) is an American actress and singer. In addition to her status as an original cast member of the Fox sketch comedy series \"\"In Living Color\"\" (1990–1994), she is also known for her roles as Erica Lucas on the CBS sitcom \"\"Cosby\"\" (1996–2000), and as Tanya Baxter on the Disney Channel sitcom \"\"That's So Raven\"\" (2003–2005). Keymáh was born Crystal Walker in 1962, in Chicago. Since the age of three, she has enjoyed entertaining her family – singing, dancing, and reciting original poems and stories. She wrote her first", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 7 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18309752", "chunk_text": "\"Eden Riegel\"\nEden Riegel Eden Sonja Jane Riegel (born January 1, 1981) is an American actress. She portrayed Bianca Montgomery in the daytime drama \"\"All My Children\"\", and propelled the character into a gay icon, as well as a popular figure within the medium. Nominated previously on multiple occasions, she received a Daytime Emmy Award for the role in 2005. In addition to her work on \"\"All My Children\"\", Riegel has guest starred in several prime time shows, as well as film, and starred as character \"\"Eden\"\" in the web series \"\"Imaginary Bitches\"\". She assumed the role of Heather Stevens on \"\"The", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 8 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4286308", "chunk_text": "\"T'Keyah Crystal Keymáh\"\nstudents. T'Keyah Crystal Keymáh T'Keyah Crystal Keymáh (born Crystal Walker; October 13, 1962) is an American actress and singer. In addition to her status as an original cast member of the Fox sketch comedy series \"\"In Living Color\"\" (1990–1994), she is also known for her roles as Erica Lucas on the CBS sitcom \"\"Cosby\"\" (1996–2000), and as Tanya Baxter on the Disney Channel sitcom \"\"That's So Raven\"\" (2003–2005). Keymáh was born Crystal Walker in 1962, in Chicago. Since the age of three, she has enjoyed entertaining her family – singing, dancing, and reciting original poems and stories. She wrote her", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 9 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12036482", "chunk_text": "\"Rose Abdoo\"\nRose Abdoo Rose Marie Abdoo (born November 28, 1962) is an American actress and comedian, known for her roles as Stars Hollow's local mechanic, Gypsy, on \"\"Gilmore Girls\"\" and as Spanish teacher Señorita Rodriguez on \"\"That's So Raven\"\". Abdoo was born in Detroit, Michigan. She is of Lebanese and Dominican descent. Abdoo's career began in Chicago, where she performed at various improvisational theaters, including the Improv Institute and four years with The Second City; she went on to develop her own one-woman shows, \"\"Who Does She Think She Is?\"\" and \"\"Get to the Part About Me\"\". She also did a", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 10 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2954436", "chunk_text": "\"Lacey Chabert\"\nLacey Chabert Lacey Nicole Chabert (; born September 30, 1982) is an American actress, voice actress, and singer. Chabert landed one of her first roles playing Erica Kane's daughter on \"\"All My Children\"\". She was the third actress to play Bianca Montgomery from 1992 until 1993. Then gained prominence as a child actress on television for her first big role as Claudia Salinger in the television drama \"\"Party of Five\"\" (1994–2000). She has also provided the voice of Eliza Thornberry in the animated series \"\"The Wild Thornberrys\"\" (1998–2004) and two feature films, Meg Griffin during the first production season of", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 11 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "90659", "chunk_text": "\"Bianca Allaine\"\nBianca Allaine Bianca Allaine Kyne (born Bianca Allaine Evans, August 26, 1979) also known as Bianca Barnett, Bianca Abel, or simply Bianca Allaine is an American actress, host, and model. In 2011 Bianca earned the Golden Cobb Award for \"\"Best Rising B Actress\"\". Bianca was born on August 26, 1979 in Garland, Texas. At a young age Bianca discovered the book, Scary Stories to Tell in the Dark, which began her \"\"love for macabre.\"\" She was scared so badly by the book that she told her mother, who tried to have it removed from the school library. Allaine started modeling", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 12 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19436698", "chunk_text": "\"That's So Raven (season 1)\"\nThat's So Raven (season 1) The first season of \"\"That's So Raven\"\" aired on Disney Channel from January 2003 to March 2004. The season introduces the Baxter family, Raven (Raven-Symoné), Cory (Kyle Massey), Tanya Baxter (T'Keyah Crystal Keymáh), and Victor Baxter (Rondell Sheridan) as they manage with Raven and her ability to see into the future. Orlando Brown and Anneliese van der Pol co-stars as Raven's best friends, Eddie Thomas and Chelsea Daniels. Guest stars for this season included: Rose Abdoo, Angell Conwell, Brian George, Joshua Harto, Amy Hill, Steven Anthony Lawrence, Jenifer Lewis, Wesley Mann, Niecy Nash, Ernie Sabella,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 13 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17983770", "chunk_text": "\"That's So Raven\"\nas well as \"\"Even Stevens\"\". It was produced by Jeffrey \"\"Def Jef\"\" Fortson and Christopher B. Pearman and was performed by Raven-Symoné, Anneliese van der Pol and Orlando Brown. Each season had opening credits composed of footage from the episodes of that season. Each season also made an exception to the guideline by showing footage from the previous seasons, most of the time when it was needed. For example, if footage being shown was of the characters dancing, then footage of a character or characters would be shown. When originally broadcast, season two followed the guideline, but when season three", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 14 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14466766", "chunk_text": "\"Drew Sidora\"\nPlayers Theater Ensemble\"\" in Hollywood, California, with residence at the Richard Pryor Theater. At age 9, she appeared in the Fox TV movie \"\"Divas\"\", acting alongside Khalil Kain, Lisa Nicole Carson, and Nicole Ari Parker. Besides her roles in \"\"That's So Raven\"\" and \"\"Step Up\"\", \"\"Blessed & Cursed\"\", Drew Sidora has also guest starred in \"\"Girlfriends \"\" in 2006, as a High School Girl Group recruiter in which Lynn auditioned for. \"\"Without a Trace\"\", \"\"The Game\"\", and \"\"What I Like About You\"\". She has also appeared in the feature films \"\"White Chicks\"\" and \"\"Never Die Alone\"\". Drew Sidora made a", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 15 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17983766", "chunk_text": "\"That's So Raven\"\nrole of the best friend, Chelsea. Raven-Symoné was credited simply as \"\"Raven\"\" throughout the series. The show filmed a special pilot episode on April 12, 2001, and the first season was filmed from November 9, 2001 – June 2002. \"\"That's So Raven\"\" was responsible for many firsts for Disney Channel: the series was the highest-rated series in the history of Disney Channel and the first series to garner more than three-million viewers; the third longest-running original series in Disney Channel history, the first Disney Channel series to reach 100 episodes, the first Disney Channel series to produce a spinoff (\"\"Cory", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 16 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16340973", "chunk_text": "\"Viva Bianca\"\nViva Bianca Viva Bianca (born Viva Skubiszewski; 17 November 1983, ; ) is an Australian actress best known for her role as Ilithyia on the Starz network series \"\"\"\" and \"\"\"\". Bianca graduated from the Western Australian Academy of Performing Arts where she received a best actress award. She is the daughter of Cezary Skubiszewski, a Polish Australian composer for film, television and orchestra. Bianca cites Cate Blanchett and Heath Ledger as Australian actors who have influenced her. Bianca has appeared in many Australian TV Series such as \"\"Eugenie Sandler P.I.\"\", \"\"Marshall Law\"\", \"\"All Saints\"\" and \"\"The Strip\"\". She has", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 17 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20348210", "chunk_text": "\"That's So Raven (season 3)\"\nLinley, Susan Lucci, Frankie Ryan Manriquez, Christopher Massey, Jonathan McDaniel, Devon Odessa, Dempsey Pappion, Della Reese, Erica Rivera, Giovonnie Samuels, Drew Sidora, Mindy Sterling, Alyson Stoner, Bobb'e J. Thompson, Ricky Ullman, Travis Van Winkle, Rheagan Wallace, and Kym Whitley. This is the final season to feature T'Keyah Crystal Keymáh as Tanya Baxter. This is the last season produced by Brookwell McNamara Entertainment. This season was filmed from April 2004 to May 2005. <onlyinclude> </onlyinclude> That's So Raven (season 3) The third season of \"\"That's So Raven\"\" aired on Disney Channel from October 1, 2004 to January 16, 2006. The season", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 18 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8335025", "chunk_text": "\"Bianca Allaine\"\nand droll observations of cult classic horror films. Bianca Allaine Bianca Allaine Kyne (born Bianca Allaine Evans, August 26, 1979) also known as Bianca Barnett, Bianca Abel, or simply Bianca Allaine is an American actress, host, and model. In 2011 Bianca earned the Golden Cobb Award for \"\"Best Rising B Actress\"\". Bianca was born on August 26, 1979 in Garland, Texas. At a young age Bianca discovered the book, Scary Stories to Tell in the Dark, which began her \"\"love for macabre.\"\" She was scared so badly by the book that she told her mother, who tried to have it", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 19 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9320237", "chunk_text": "\"Juliette Goglia\"\nBall\"\", \"\"Thought You Were The One\"\", and \"\"Inattention\"\". She has also recorded a cover of the song, \"\"Listen\"\" from \"\"Dreamgirls\"\". She took part in Southern California's \"\"Diva's: Simply Singing\"\" in 2004. She was the recipient of \"\"Female Vocalist of the Year\"\" award at the 20th Annual Los Angeles Music Awards in 2010. Juliette Goglia Juliette Rose Goglia (born September 22, 1995) is an American actress. She is best known for portraying Sierra in the Disney Channel series \"\"That's So Raven\"\", Hannah West in the CBS series \"\"\"\", and Eve Henry on \"\"The Michael J. Fox Show\"\". Goglia was born in", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 20 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20044912", "chunk_text": "\"That's So Raven (season 3)\"\nthe first to break the 65-episode contract. The hour long episode, \"\"Country Cousins\"\", which aired on July 29, 2005, broke Disney Channel records again by scoring 10.8 million viewers, the highest broadcast on the network in its history. This feat would later be beaten by \"\"High School Musical 2\"\". \"\"That's So Raven\"\" was officially called the network's highest-rated series during its third year run. Guest stars for this season included: Rose Abdoo, James Avery, Yvette Nicole Brown, Mary Jo Catlett, Kathie Lee Gifford, Juliette Goglia, Allie Grant, Macy Gray, Mary Gross, Jackée Harry, David Henrie, Claudia Jordan, Cyndi Lauper, Cody", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 21 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16563300", "chunk_text": "\"That's So Raven\"\nairing in 2017. Raven Baxter, a teenage girl, receives psychic visions of future events when in deep situations. Attempting to make these visions come true frequently results in trouble and hilarious situations for herself, her family, and her friends. The name for the main character changed several times prior to production, starting with Dawn Baxter in a show named \"\"The Future Is on Me\"\". Names changed to Rose Baxter in a show called \"\"Absolutely Psychic\"\" but finally settling on Raven Baxter when actress Raven-Symoné won the lead part, with the show titled \"\"That's So Raven\"\". Symoné originally auditioned for the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 22 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3645239", "chunk_text": "\"Bianca Collins\"\ncast of \"\"Unfabulous\"\", in 2006 for 'Best Young Ensemble Performance in a TV Series (Comedy or Drama)' and in 2008 for 'Best Young Ensemble Performance in a TV Series'. Bianca Collins Bianca Suzanne Collins (born August 17, 1988) is an American actress. She is probably best known for her role as Patti Perez in the Nickelodeon series \"\"Unfabulous\"\", and as Lulu in the Teen Nick program \"\"Gigantic\"\". Bianca Collins was born in San Diego, California. She now resides in the Los Angeles suburb of Calabasas. She is a graduate of Chaminade College Preparatory, West Hills, California and the University of", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 23 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20045011", "chunk_text": "\"That's So Raven (season 4)\"\nSammi Hanratty, David Henrie, Steve Hytner, Anne-Marie Johnson, Phill Lewis, Spencer Locke, Brooke Lyons, Frankie Ryan Manriquez, Dan Mott, Kathy Najimy, Geoffrey Owens, Sydney Park, Tim Reid, Karly Rothenberg, Jodi Shilling, Maria Shriver, Cole Sprouse, Dylan Sprouse, Bobb'e J. Thompson, Tiffany Thornton, Dorien Wilson, Annie Wood, and Amy Yasbeck. The season was filmed from July 15, 2005 to January 13, 2006 and Raven-Symoné is credited as one of the show's producers. The intro begins with Raven-Symoné showing shows, then it goes over to Orlando Brown then Kyle Massey and to Anneliese van der Pol after that it shows Rondell Sheridan.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 24 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8039194", "chunk_text": "\"Eden Riegel\"\nPerformance category. Andrew Miller received an Official Honoree Selection for Best Writing. Eden Riegel was announced on May 5, 2009 as the winner of the Best Individual Performance People's Voice Award. Her acceptance speech, which was limited to five words, was: \"\"I'm sleeping with the director.\"\" Eden Riegel Eden Sonja Jane Riegel (born January 1, 1981) is an American actress. She portrayed Bianca Montgomery in the daytime drama \"\"All My Children\"\", and propelled the character into a gay icon, as well as a popular figure within the medium. Nominated previously on multiple occasions, she received a Daytime Emmy Award for", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 25 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6328048", "chunk_text": "\"Bianca Collins\"\nGomes in the role of young Mariah Carey. Her television movie credits include the Disney Channel Original Movie \"\"Tiger Cruise\"\", the George Lopez holiday movie \"\"Naughty or Nice\"\", and the MTV musical \"\"The American Mall\"\". Bianca's additional television credits include guest starring in episodes of \"\"Law & Order\"\", \"\"Strong Medicine\"\", \"\"House\"\" and \"\"The Secret Life of the American Teenager\"\". From 2004 to 2007, Bianca played Patti Perez on \"\"Unfabulous\"\", starring alongside Emma Roberts. From 2010 to 2011, she played Lulu on \"\"Gigantic\"\" until its cancellation. These are her biggest roles, and take advantage of her teen/tween friendly image. Bianca is", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 26 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17580333", "chunk_text": "\"Christina Bennett Lind\"\nand is a co-producer for the upcoming film, which stars \"\"Austin Pendleton\"\". Christina Bennett Lind Christina Bennett Lind (born March 22, 1983) is an American actress notable for her role as Bianca Montgomery in ABC's soap opera \"\"All My Children\"\". She has an identical twin sister named Heather Lind who is also an actress. Christina Bennett Lind was born in Upland, Pennsylvania. Lind attended Fordham University. She also attended New York State Summer School for the Arts both as a visual artist as well as a performing artist. She states that this was \"\"a big part of my decision to", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 27 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13969491", "chunk_text": "\"Raven-Symoné\"\nrecurring role, as she was featured in all seasons of the show, and participated in the two films for the series, \"\"\"\" (2003) and \"\"\"\" (2005). In 2001, Symoné auditioned for a role on an upcoming series for the Disney Channel titled \"\"Absolutely Psychic\"\", about a teenager with psychic abilities. She actually auditioned for the recurring role of Chelsea Daniels, but her role was changed to the lead character Raven Baxter and the series name changed to \"\"That's So Raven\"\". The series debuted on January 17, 2003 and ended on November 10, 2007, becoming responsible for many firsts for Disney", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 28 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6350119", "chunk_text": "\"Jenny Raven\"\nin 2003. After moving to Toronto, Ontario, Canada and graduating, Raven land a main role as Margo Dubois in the children's comedy TV series \"\"Majority Rules!\"\" for 26 episodes from 2009 to 2011. Jenny later picked up smaller roles in Girlfriend Experience, and Warehouse 13, Raven has had parts in \"\"Private Eyes\"\", \"\"Lost Girl\"\", \"\"The L.A. Complex\"\" and \"\"Good Witch\"\" and can next be seen in Sony Pictures movie \"\"Flatliners (2017 film)\"\" alongside Kiefer Sutherland, Nina Dobrev and Ellen Page. Raven worked alongside Juno Temple and Rhys Ifans in the indie drama comedy \"\"Len and Company\"\" which had its premiere", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 29 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "795682", "chunk_text": "\"Christina Bennett Lind\"\nChristina Bennett Lind Christina Bennett Lind (born March 22, 1983) is an American actress notable for her role as Bianca Montgomery in ABC's soap opera \"\"All My Children\"\". She has an identical twin sister named Heather Lind who is also an actress. Christina Bennett Lind was born in Upland, Pennsylvania. Lind attended Fordham University. She also attended New York State Summer School for the Arts both as a visual artist as well as a performing artist. She states that this was \"\"a big part of my decision to follow the arts as a career.\"\" Her first television job was \"\"As", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 30 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17983772", "chunk_text": "\"That's So Raven\"\ntitle card and says, \"\"Yep, that's me.\"\" This remained in season four, except with a new addition. Raven's catchphrase \"\"Oh, Snap!\"\" was dubbed in right before she says, \"\"Yep, that's me.\"\" Raven-Symoné performs most of the theme, while Brown performs a rap near the end of the theme and some scattered vocals in the beginning of the theme. Anneliese van der Pol sings the show's title in the chorus. A full-length version of this theme was heard in a music video which aired a few months before the show's U.S. premiere and also can be heard on the show's first", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 31 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2917632", "chunk_text": "\"That's So Raven (season 1)\"\nBrenda Song, and Kirsten Storms. The series filmed its pilot episode on April 12, 2001 and was picked up in August. The rest of season was filmed from November 9, 2001 to June 2002. All episodes were filmed at Sunset Gower Studios. The show is set in San Francisco and revolves around a teenager named Raven Baxter, played by Raven-Symoné, and how she gets herself, her friends Eddie and Chelsea, and her family members, such as her brother Cory, out of various situations, usually by using her psychic powers and a variety of disguises. <onlyinclude> </onlyinclude> That's So Raven (season", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 32 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16991376", "chunk_text": "\"That's So Raven\"\nunlikely. \"\"But no, It's not ever happening. If I hear something, I will be the first to sign on.\"\" She also commented on reprising her role of Chelsea Daniels. On October 27, 2016, it was announced that Raven-Symoné will star in and develop a second spin-off to the original series. Raven departed as a host of \"\"The View\"\" later in 2016 in order to work on the series full-time. In November 2016, it was announced that Anneliese van der Pol will reprise her role of Chelsea Daniels. In the new series, Raven Baxter is a divorced mother of two pre-teens,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 33 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18031700", "chunk_text": "\"That's So Raven (season 2)\"\nThat's So Raven (season 2) The second season of \"\"That's So Raven\"\" aired on Disney Channel from October 3, 2003 to September 24, 2004. The season deals with the Baxter family, Raven (Raven-Symoné), Cory (Kyle Massey), Tanya Baxter (T'Keyah Crystal Keymáh) and Victor Baxter (Rondell Sheridan) as they continue to manage with Raven and her ability to see into the future. Orlando Brown and Anneliese van der Pol co-star as Raven's best friends, Eddie Thomas and Chelsea Daniels. Guest stars for this season included: Rose Abdoo, Paula Abdul, Adrienne Bailon, Patrick Bristow, Haylie Duff, Ashley Eckstein, Andrea Edwards, Judyann Elder,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 34 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4780912", "chunk_text": "\"Devika Parikh\"\nUnderground Improv. She holds a degree in broadcast journalism from Syracuse University. She is of Indian and African American origin. Devika Parikh Devika Parikh (born November 3, 1966 in Gaithersburg, Maryland, United States) is an American actress. Parikh has worked in television, advertisements, film, voice work and theatre. She has had recurring roles on television shows such as NBC's Emmy-award-winning drama \"\"The West Wing\"\"; Fox's show \"\"24\"\"; and Showtime drama series \"\"Resurrection Blvd.\"\" She has guest-starred on CBS' \"\"Criminal Minds\"\"; Disney's \"\"That's So Raven\"\"; UPN's \"\"The Parkers\"\"; \"\"Bones\"\". She also appears in the feature film \"\"Beauty Shop\"\" starring Mo'Nique and", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 35 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19328161", "chunk_text": "\"That's So Raven\"\nNia and Booker. Booker inherit his mother's psychic abilities during middle school. Chelsea Daniels is also a divorced mother, who is raising a son, Levi, and moves in with Raven. \"\"Palak Pe Jhalak\"\" is the sixth Disney Channel India series to be adapted in Hindi after Art Attack, Good Luck Charlie, The Suite Life of Zack and Cody, Shake It Up and Jessie, and premiered on September 27, 2015. Ayesha Kaduskar is seen playing the role of Nysha Kapoor, a character similar to Raven Baxter played by Raven-Symoné. The original That's So Raven aired on Disney Channel India as well", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 36 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19213732", "chunk_text": "\"Rhyon Nicole Brown\"\nRhyon Nicole Brown Rhyon Nicole Brown (born October 6, 1992) is an American actress, singer, and dancer. Rhyon is the younger sister of R&B singer RaVaughn. She made her film debut in \"\"Santa & Pete\"\" (1999) and has since appeared in various television shows. Brown has had recurring roles on shows such as \"\"That's So Raven\"\" as Madison, on \"\"Judging Amy\"\" as Rebecca Van Exel, and most recently a starring role on the ABC Family TV series \"\"Lincoln Heights\"\" as Lizzie Sutton. In 2005, she appeared in 50 Cent's semi-biographical film, \"\"Get Rich or Die Tryin'\"\" as the younger version", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 37 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7066126", "chunk_text": "\"Bianca Montgomery\"\nBianca Montgomery Bianca Montgomery is a fictional character from the American daytime drama \"\"All My Children\"\". Until Eden Riegel assumed the role, portraying the character from July 2000 to January 2010, the character was portrayed solely by child actresses: Lacey Chabert, Nathalie Paulding, Gina Gallagher, Caroline Wilde and Jessica Leigh Falborn. When Riegel decided to permanently exit the role, plans to recast were confirmed; in June 2010, Christina Bennett Lind replaced Riegel, and remained on the series through the original television finale episode, which aired September 23, 2011. In February 2013, it was announced that Riegel would be reprising her", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 38 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19328156", "chunk_text": "\"That's So Raven\"\nthe President. The show takes place while Raven is attending fashion college and Tanya is still in London. The series is similar to its sister show, \"\"That's So Raven\"\". Cory has two best friends, one a boy, Newton Livingston III (Jason Dolley), and one a girl, Meena Paroom (Maiara Walsh). Note that in \"\"That's So Raven\"\", the main character also has two best friends, one a boy and one a girl and Newt and Meena's persona's are similar to Chelsea and Eddie. Cory attends a middle school in Washington, D.C. Also in the series, the president's daughter Sophie (Madison Pettis)", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 39 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18836846", "chunk_text": "\"Hannah Montana\"\nwas close friends with the Stewart family, and additionally served as their bodyguard during public appearances. Amber Addison (Shanica Knowles) and Ashley Dewitt (Anna Maria Perez de Tagle) are shown as stereotypical school divas, and are notably the rivals of Stewart and Truscott. Jesse (Drew Roy) is introduced as one of Miley's later love interests. Michael Poryes, who is credited as co-creator, also co-created the hit Disney Channel Original Series \"\"That's So Raven\"\". The show is produced by It's a Laugh Productions, Inc. and Michael Poryes Productions, in association with Disney Channel Original Productions. It is filmed at Sunset Bronson", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 40 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13969497", "chunk_text": "\"Raven-Symoné\"\nby Grammy-winner Whitney Houston. It attracted more than 6.5 million viewers opening night, making it (at the time) Disney Channel's most-watched movie and most highest-rated Disney Channel of 2003. In 2004, during her time on the show (\"\"That's So Raven\"\"), Raven-Symoné provided the voice of Danielle in \"\"Fat Albert\"\". It had a moderate performance at the box office, earning $48,551,322 million worldwide during its theatrical run. She made an appearance in \"\"\"\" as Princess Asana, during which she sang a duet with Julie Andrews. It was her first film with Walt Disney Pictures and it earned $134.7 million worldwide during", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 41 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9572144", "chunk_text": "\"Bianca Montgomery\"\nwas cast. \"\"[Lind] oozes goodness and we really needed that for Bianca. [Lind] brought an integrity and honest innocence to the role that was very tough to match,\"\" stated Carruthers. \"\"We turned the earth [upside down] going through the candidates. When [Lind] came in to read for the part, she was Bianca. I think it’ll be a very easy transition for the audience.\"\" Although Riegel said it would be \"\"very painful\"\" to watch someone else portray Bianca, and that she would not want to watch, she later tweeted, \"\"[\"\"All My Children\"\"] gets a new Bianca and she's super pretty! And,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 42 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12036484", "chunk_text": "\"Rose Abdoo\"\nUp\"\", playing what the \"\"Chicago Tribune\"\" called \"\"the show's meatiest part: an obnoxious, know-it-all tour bus rider.\"\" She went on to co-host the awards ceremony in 1994. She was nominated alongside her castmates for a Best Ensemble Screen Actors Guild award for \"\"Good Night, and Good Luck.\"\" In March 2008, Abdoo co-starred in the web series \"\"The Writers Room\"\" on Crackle. Rose Abdoo Rose Marie Abdoo (born November 28, 1962) is an American actress and comedian, known for her roles as Stars Hollow's local mechanic, Gypsy, on \"\"Gilmore Girls\"\" and as Spanish teacher Señorita Rodriguez on \"\"That's So Raven\"\". Abdoo", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 43 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5932860", "chunk_text": "\"Lacey Chabert\"\nHallmark movie that premiered as part of the Valentine's Day Countdown. Chabert married her longtime boyfriend, David Nehdar, on December 22, 2013, in Los Angeles. Chabert gave birth to their daughter, Julia Mimi Bella Nehdar on September 1, 2016. Chabert has spoken publicly about her faith and said she related to her character in \"\"Christian Mingle\"\". Lacey Chabert Lacey Nicole Chabert (; born September 30, 1982) is an American actress, voice actress, and singer. Chabert landed one of her first roles playing Erica Kane's daughter on \"\"All My Children\"\". She was the third actress to play Bianca Montgomery from 1992", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 44 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6328046", "chunk_text": "\"Bianca Collins\"\nBianca Collins Bianca Suzanne Collins (born August 17, 1988) is an American actress. She is probably best known for her role as Patti Perez in the Nickelodeon series \"\"Unfabulous\"\", and as Lulu in the Teen Nick program \"\"Gigantic\"\". Bianca Collins was born in San Diego, California. She now resides in the Los Angeles suburb of Calabasas. She is a graduate of Chaminade College Preparatory, West Hills, California and the University of Southern California (USC). At USC, Bianca's major was Sociology, whilst she minored in Screen writing. Her acting career began in 1996, with her first role in the pre-Broadway workshop", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 45 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4780911", "chunk_text": "\"Devika Parikh\"\nDevika Parikh Devika Parikh (born November 3, 1966 in Gaithersburg, Maryland, United States) is an American actress. Parikh has worked in television, advertisements, film, voice work and theatre. She has had recurring roles on television shows such as NBC's Emmy-award-winning drama \"\"The West Wing\"\"; Fox's show \"\"24\"\"; and Showtime drama series \"\"Resurrection Blvd.\"\" She has guest-starred on CBS' \"\"Criminal Minds\"\"; Disney's \"\"That's So Raven\"\"; UPN's \"\"The Parkers\"\"; \"\"Bones\"\". She also appears in the feature film \"\"Beauty Shop\"\" starring Mo'Nique and Kellita Smith. Parikh has also performed sketch comedy/improvisation with groups at the Comedy Store, the Upfront Comedy Theatre and the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 46 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16563299", "chunk_text": "\"That's So Raven\"\nas her parents, Tanya and Victor Baxter, respectively. \"\"That's So Raven\"\" was the highest-rated program on Disney Channel during its initial run, and was the first series in the network's history to produce at least 100 episodes. It was nominated for numerous accolades, including two Primetime Emmy Award nominations for Outstanding Children's Programming in 2005 and 2007. Since its conclusion, \"\"That's So Raven\"\" has inspired two spin-offs: \"\"Cory in the House\"\" starring Kyle Massey, which ran from 2007 to 2008, and \"\"Raven's Home\"\" starring Raven-Symoné and Anneliese van der Pol as Raven and Chelsea raising their children together, which began", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 47 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12346794", "chunk_text": "\"Bianca Lawson\"\n\"\"\"\". In 2016, Lawson was cast in the Oprah Winfrey Network drama series, \"\"Queen Sugar\"\" created by Ava DuVernay. Bianca Lawson Bianca Jasmine Lawson (born March 20, 1979) is an American film and television actress. She is perhaps best known for her regular roles in the television series \"\"\"\", \"\"Goode Behavior\"\", \"\"Pretty Little Liars\"\", and \"\"Rogue\"\". She has also had recurring roles in the series \"\"Sister, Sister\"\", \"\"Buffy the Vampire Slayer\"\", \"\"The Steve Harvey Show\"\", \"\"Dawson's Creek\"\", \"\"The Secret Life of the American Teenager\"\", \"\"The Vampire Diaries\"\", \"\"Teen Wolf\"\", and \"\"Witches of East End\"\". In 2016, Lawson began starring in", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 48 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13969496", "chunk_text": "\"Raven-Symoné\"\nand peaked at No. 44 on the \"\"Billboard\"\" 200 and is now certified Gold by the RIAA for sales of 500,000 copies. In 2003, she starred as lead singer Galleria Garibaldi in \"\"The Cheetah Girls\"\", a Disney Channel Original Movie about four city girls who dream of becoming superstars. The movie was the channel's first musical and was the basis for another franchise, including dolls, video games, platinum-selling soundtracks and more. The film also starred Adrienne Bailon as Chanel Simmons, Sabrina Bryan as Dorinda Thomas, and Kiely Williams as Aquanette Walker. The film was directed by Oz Scott, and produced", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 49 } ]
test_3597	where does the last name roberts come from?	n/a	[ "Norman", "Norman origin" ]	[]	n/a	n/a	n/a	[]	[ { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9965560", "chunk_text": "\"Roberts (surname)\"\nRoberts (surname) Roberts is a British surname of patronymic origin or reflecting servile status, deriving from the given name Robert, meaning \"\"bright renown\"\" – from the Germanic elements \"\"hrod\"\" meaning renown and \"\"beraht\"\" meaning bright. Roberts may mean either \"\"servant of Robert\"\" or \"\"son of Robert\"\"; the latter is more common in Wales, while the former is more common in England. Although the name Robert was known in the British isles before the Norman Conquest in 1066, it was mainly introduced into Britain by the Normans. Today the surname Roberts is common in England, Wales, Ireland and the Isle of", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 0 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9965561", "chunk_text": "\"Roberts (surname)\"\nMan, with the biggest concentration by far occurring in North Wales. The name is also common in Scotland. Roberts (surname) Roberts is a British surname of patronymic origin or reflecting servile status, deriving from the given name Robert, meaning \"\"bright renown\"\" – from the Germanic elements \"\"hrod\"\" meaning renown and \"\"beraht\"\" meaning bright. Roberts may mean either \"\"servant of Robert\"\" or \"\"son of Robert\"\"; the latter is more common in Wales, while the former is more common in England. Although the name Robert was known in the British isles before the Norman Conquest in 1066, it was mainly introduced into", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 1 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6166979", "chunk_text": "\"Roberts Settlement\"\nRoberts Settlement Roberts Settlement was an early rural settlement in Jackson Township, Hamilton County, Indiana. Dating from the 1830s, its first settlers were free people of color, most of whom migrated from Beech Settlement, located southeast in rural Rush County, Indiana. Many of Roberts Settlement’s early pioneers were born in eastern North Carolina and Virginia. Some of its settlers were ex-slaves. The neighborhood received its name from the large contingent of its residents who had the surname of Roberts. By the 1870s the farming community had a population of approximately 300 residents. In the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 2 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12696890", "chunk_text": "\"Turner (surname)\"\nTurner (surname) Turner is a common surname originating from Normandy, France, arriving in England after the Norman conquest with the earliest known records dated in the 12th century. It is the 28th-most common surname in the United Kingdom. Most often it derives from an occupational name applied to a maker of small objects out of wood, metal or bone, by turning on a lathe (from Old French \"\"tornier\"\", \"\"lathe\"\", ultimately from Latin). In this sense it is analogous to the German surnames Drexel and Dreyer, Polish Tokarz, and related to English surnames such as Potter and Crocker. Other occasional origins", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 3 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16269322", "chunk_text": "\"Roberts syndrome\"\nreason, Roberts syndrome is sometimes called Pseudothalidomide Syndrome. The discovery of ESCO2 as the gene responsible for Roberts syndrome was made by studying samples from fifteen families affected by Roberts syndrome. In 1995, Hugo Vega and Miriam Gordillo, two Colombian geneticists, set out to fully understand Roberts syndrome. Vega and Gordillo noticed an unusually high number of Roberts syndrome patients at the Universidad Nacional de Colombia. The two Colombian geneticists tracked down a total of seven families with Roberts syndrome just outside Bogota and discovered that four out of the seven families shared a common 18th century ancestor. Using this", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 4 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17171994", "chunk_text": "Robb\nRobb Robb is a surname of Scottish origin, formed from a diminution (reduction) of the name Robert. Robert was a popular name, especially after its use by three Scots Kings in the fourteenth century. Rob is first recorded as a surname in the decades before 1500 with early groupings in Aberdeenshire, Lanarkshire and Perthshire/Stirlingshire. It is likely that the name originated with the offspring of a Robert or Rob, when surnames began to flourish, but unlike some surnames there is no one source for the name. The surname was originally spelled Rob, sometimes Robe, but by 1800 the vast majority", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 5 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1793275", "chunk_text": "\"Robinson (name)\"\nAnglicization of such Jewish surnames as Rabinowitz and Rubinstein. Robinson, the compound word, is a rare given name, while its derivative, Robin, has the distinction of being both a masculine and feminine given name. Robinson (name) Robinson is an English language patronymic surname, originating in England. It means \"\"son of Robin (a diminutive of Robert)\"\". There are similar surname spellings such as Robison and Robeson. Robinson is the 15th most common surname in the United Kingdom. According to the 1990 United States Census, Robinson was the twentieth most frequently encountered surname among those reported, accounting for 0.23% of the population.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 6 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2559052", "chunk_text": "\"Roberts Settlement\"\nfree blacks who resided in Beech Settlement had come with Quaker families from the Old South. The rural community became known as Roberts Settlement because many of its early pioneers had the surname of Roberts. Others Roberts settlers included those with surnames of Walden, Winburn, Rice, Gilliam, Brooks, White, Roads, Sweat, Newsome, Lockleary, Hurley, Matthews, and Knight. Migration to Roberts Settlement began in the mid-1800s and continued over a period of twenty to thirty years. The community reached its peak after 1870, when more than 250 residents were living in an area of more than four square miles. The settlement", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 7 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11317792", "chunk_text": "\"Welsh surnames\"\ndropped entirely. The most common surnames in modern Wales result from adding an \"\"s\"\" to the end of the name, as in Jones, Roberts and Edwards. Patronymic surnames with the short -s form are recorded in various parts of England dating back to the Middle Ages, and the Welsh practice was presumably in imitation of this. As most Welsh surnames, however, are derived from patronymics, and often based on a small set of first names, Welsh communities are full of families bearing the same surnames, but who are completely unrelated; it cannot be assumed that two people named Jones, even", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 8 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20963387", "chunk_text": "\"Winder (surname)\"\nermine holding in the mouth a cherry branch slipped and fructed all proper.\"\" The family motto is \"\"Nulla pallescere culpa\"\", translated \"\"To turn pale at no crime.\"\" Winder (surname) Winder is a surname originating from England seen primarily in the United Kingdom and the English-speaking nations, but also in some places in mainland Europe, particularly Austria. There are less than 11,000 Winders in the world, with about half of them – 5,259 – residing in the United States. The United Kingdom has the next highest population of those with this surname (2,547), followed by Canada (1,059), Austria (613), the Netherlands", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 9 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14434586", "chunk_text": "\"Bell (surname)\"\nBell (surname) Bell is a surname common in English speaking countries with several word-origins. The surname is derived from the Middle English \"\"bell\"\". This surname likely originated as an occupational name for a bell ringer or bell maker; or else from a topographic name for someone who lived by an actual bell, or by a house sign or inn sign. In other cases, the surname \"\"Bell\"\" is derived from the mediaeval personal name \"\"Bel\"\". The masculine form of this personal name is derived from the Old French \"\"beu\"\", \"\"bel\"\" (\"\"handsome\"\"); the feminine form of the name represents a short form", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 10 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1014030", "chunk_text": "\"Cox (surname)\"\nthese names developed as spelling variations, or that each of these names has an origin in a separate word and language. The origins of the surname in North America are speculated across several written accounts, with most sources pointing toward three distinct families arriving from England in the 17th and 18th Centuries: in 1690, brothers Thomas, William, and Walter Cocke originally of Surry; in 1705, the family of Dr. Wilham Cocke of Williamsburg; and at an unknown time before 1658, Nicholas Cocke of Middlesex. Cox (surname) The surname Cox is of English or Welsh origin, and may have originated independently", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 11 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4480787", "chunk_text": "Surname\nto take a modified version of their employer's occupation or first name as their last name, adding the letter \"\"s\"\" to the word, although this formation could also be a patronymic. For instance, the surname \"\"Vickers\"\" is thought to have arisen as an occupational name adopted by the servant of a vicar, while \"\"Roberts\"\" could have been adopted by either the son or the servant of a man named Robert. A subset of occupational names in English are names thought to be derived from the medieval mystery plays. The participants would often play the same roles for life, passing the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 12 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20012825", "chunk_text": "\"Chisholm (surname)\"\nChisholm (surname) Chisholm () is a Scottish surname. It is derived from a habitational name from Chisholme, near Hawick, in the south of Scotland. The name is derived from the Old English elements \"\"cese\"\", meaning \"\"cheese\"\"; and \"\"holm\"\", meaning \"\"piece of dry land in a fen\"\". In the 14th century, members of the Chisholm family migrated into the Scottish Highlands and their name was Gaelicised. The Scottish Gaelic form of the name is Siosal (masculine), and Shiosal (feminine). Alternatively the name Chisholm is said to be derived from a Norman French word \"\"chese\"\" meaning \"\"to choose\"\" and the Saxon word", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 13 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4294420", "chunk_text": "\"Bell (surname)\"\nmost popular surname in the United States and the 36th most common surname in Scotland. Bell (surname) Bell is a surname common in English speaking countries with several word-origins. The surname is derived from the Middle English \"\"bell\"\". This surname likely originated as an occupational name for a bell ringer or bell maker; or else from a topographic name for someone who lived by an actual bell, or by a house sign or inn sign. In other cases, the surname \"\"Bell\"\" is derived from the mediaeval personal name \"\"Bel\"\". The masculine form of this personal name is derived from the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 14 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1793274", "chunk_text": "\"Robinson (name)\"\nRobinson (name) Robinson is an English language patronymic surname, originating in England. It means \"\"son of Robin (a diminutive of Robert)\"\". There are similar surname spellings such as Robison and Robeson. Robinson is the 15th most common surname in the United Kingdom. According to the 1990 United States Census, Robinson was the twentieth most frequently encountered surname among those reported, accounting for 0.23% of the population. In Ireland, Robinson is only really common in Ulster. The two names had been used interchangeably in some areas of the province around the beginning of the 20th century. It can also be an", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 15 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14397516", "chunk_text": "\"Kam (name)\"\nKam (name) Kam is a given name or surname. As a given name, Kam may be short for Kameron, which is a variant of Cameron, a given name which originated from a Scottish surname. Another similar shortened form is Cam. People with the given name or nickname Kam include: As a Chinese surname, Kam may be a spelling of the pronunciation in different varieties of Chinese of the following surnames, listed based on their Pinyin spelling (which reflects the Mandarin Chinese pronunciation): The Dutch surname Kam originated in multiple ways. As an occupational surname, it came from both Dutch meaning", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 16 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12181056", "chunk_text": "\"Rogers (surname)\"\n(1216–1272). The surname is now found commonly throughout Britain (often spelled \"\"Rodgers\"\"), particularly in southern and western England and also occasionally in Scotland and Wales. The surname was also taken from England to Ireland in Cromwellian times. In England and Wales it ranks as the 77th most common surname. According to the 1990 United States Census, 'Rogers' ranked fifty-fourth in frequency among all reported surnames, accounting for 0.12% of the population. [[Category:Surnames of English origin]] [[Category:Patronymic surnames]] Rogers (surname) Rogers is a patronymic surname of English origin, deriving from the given name of Roger commonly used by the Normans and", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 17 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2710035", "chunk_text": "\"Collins (surname)\"\nCollins (surname) The surname Collins has a variety of likely origins in Britain and Ireland: Alternative spellings or related surnames include Collin, Colling, Coling, Collings, Colings, Collis, Coliss, Collen, and Collens. A great number of Welsh origin surnames share a similar etymology to English ones - Where in English names the forename of the patriarch is suffixed with 'SON' (as in Peterson, Richardson, Johnson) in Welsh names the 'SON' is simply the letter \"\"S\"\" (Phillips, Davies, Davis, Williams) and Collins may have been one of the surnames to have originated in this way. The Domesday Book (compiled in 1086) was", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 18 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10947492", "chunk_text": "\"Smith (surname)\"\nSmith (surname) Smith is a surname originating in England. It is the most prevalent surname in the United Kingdom, Australia, New Zealand and the United States, the second most common surname in Canada, and the fifth most common surname in the Republic of Ireland. The surname Smith is particularly prevalent among those of English, Scottish and Irish descent, but is also a common surname among African Americans, which can be attributed to black slaves being given the surname during slavery and never changing the name upon the end of the era of slavery and after the issuance of the Emancipation", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 19 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12028817", "chunk_text": "\"Lee (English surname)\"\nLee (English surname) Lee is a common surname in English-speaking countries. In the United States during the year 2000 census, \"\"Lee\"\" was the 22nd-most-common surname; although this conflates a number of unrelated surnames with the same spelling (see below). There are several distinct origins of the Lee surname. The most common is derived from Old English \"\"lēah\"\", meaning a meadow or forest clearing. This developed variously into the surnames Lee, Lea, and Leigh. The Lees of Shropshire were notable as the forebears of the colonial American Lee family which produced Richard Henry Lee, Robert E. Lee, and Zachary Taylor. The", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 20 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17376580", "chunk_text": "\"Prosser (name)\"\nstate. Using data based on 142 Prosser immigrants to New York, the vast majority departed from Great Britain, while 11 are from Ireland and 21 from Germany. An Ancestry.com chart also exists for average life expectancy for people with the name Prosser since 1950. Prosser (name) Prosser is an English-language surname, derived from a Welsh-language patronym. The English-language surname \"\"Prosser\"\" is considered to be a Welsh surname. The name originated as an Anglicisation of the Welsh-language \"\"ap Rhosier\"\", or \"\"ap Rosser\"\", both meaning \"\"son of Roger\"\". The English-language personal name \"\"Roger\"\" is derived from the Old French personal name \"\"Roger\"\",", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 21 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6490452", "chunk_text": "Soth\nSoth Soth is a surname in various cultures, as well as a given name in Southeast Asia. As a Cambodian name (; ), Soth originates from a word meaning \"\"clean\"\", \"\"pure\"\", or \"\"white\"\". That word originated from Sanskrit . The English surname Soth comes from Middle English meaning \"\"truth\"\" or \"\"justice\"\", and can be found in records in England dating back to the 13th century. The 2010 United States Census found 662 people with the surname Soth, making it the 34,272nd-most-common name in the country. This represented an increase from 621 (34,503rd-most-common) in the 2000 Census. In the 2010 census,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 22 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17454807", "chunk_text": "\"Cheney (surname)\"\nCheney (surname) Cheney is a surname is of Old French origin, introduced into England by the Normans after the Conquest of 1066. The derivation is from the Old French \"\"chesne, chesnai\"\", oak tree, oak grove, from the medieval Latin \"\"casnetum\"\", and the surname may be either locational or topographical in origin. As a locational name, Cheyne may derive from any of the places named with the Old French \"\"chesnai\"\", such as Quesnay in Calvados and La Manche, Le Quesnay in Seine-Inferieure, or Quesnay-Guesnon in Calvados. As a topographical name, Cheyne denoted residence near a conspicuous oak tree, or in an", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 23 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12278859", "chunk_text": "\"Bell (surname)\"\nof \"\"Isobel\"\". In some cases, the surname originates from a nickname, or descriptive name, derived from the Old French \"\"bel\"\" (\"\"beautiful\"\", \"\"fair\"\"). In other cases, the surname \"\"Bell\"\" represents an English form of the Gaelic surname \"\"Mac Giolla Mhaoil\"\" (\"\"son of the servant of the devotee\"\"). In some cases, the surname is derived from placenames in Norway (Bell) and Germany (Bell in Rhineland; and possibly Belle, in Westphalia). The surname Bell is also sometimes an Anglicized form of the German \"\"Böhl\"\" or \"\"Böll\"\". Early attested forms of the surname when of a patronymic origin include: Ailuuardus \"\"\"\"filius Belli\"\"\"\", in 1086;", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 24 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7023861", "chunk_text": "\"Taylor (surname)\"\nTaylor (surname) Taylor is a surname used in the British Isles of French and Latin origin which originated as a Norman occupational surname (meaning \"\"tailor\"\") in France It is derived from the Old French \"\"\"\" (\"\"cutter\"\"), which is in turn derived from the Late Latin \"\"taliator\"\", from \"\"taliare\"\" (\"\"to cut\"\"). The first historical evidence of the surname dates to the County of Somerset, South West England in 1182. \"\"Taylor\"\" is the fourth-most common surname in United Kingdom, fifth-most common in England, the 11th-most common in Scotland and the 22nd-most common in Wales. It is also common in other English speaking", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 25 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15234209", "chunk_text": "\"Terrell (surname)\"\nTerrell (surname) The name Terrell (or Terrill) is an American surname possibly derived from the name of an ancient village in France, located off the banks of the Seine, near Paris. The immigrant ancestor was Richmond Terrell, who settled in New Kent County, Virginia from England in 1656. The most notable members of the family in the United States are descended either directly from him or his close relations. In the United States, the surname ranked as the 946th most common surname in the 2000 U.S. Census. There were 33,914 individuals recorded at that time using the surname Terrell, and", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 26 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14434588", "chunk_text": "\"Bell (surname)\"\nRicardus \"\"\"\"filius Bell\"\"\"\", in 1279; and Osbertus \"\"\"\"filius Belle\"\"\"\", in 1297. Early attested forms of the surname, when originating from an occupational name include: Seaman \"\"\"\"Belle\"\"\"\", in 1181–1187; and Serlo \"\"\"\"Belle\"\"\"\", in 1190. An early attested form of the surname when originating from someone who lived near a sign of a bell is: John \"\"\"\"atte Belle\"\"\"\", in 1332. Early attested forms of the surname when originating from nickname include: Hugo \"\"\"\"bel\"\"\"\" in 1148; and Robertus \"\"\"\"bellus\"\"\"\", and Robert \"\"\"\"le bel\"\"\"\", both in 1186–1200. Today the surname \"\"Bell\"\" can be found in many parts of the world. It is the 67th", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 27 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2229049", "chunk_text": "\"González (surname)\"\non its family crest and the Visigothic cultural origins of the nation of Spain. It is also taken to mean \"\"son of Gonzalo\"\", a name deriving from the Germanic \"\"Gunther\"\". Common spelling variations include: Gonzales, Gonzáles, Gonzalés, and Gonzalez (without an acute accent). The variant Consolus appears among people descended from a Spaniard with the surname Gonsález who settled in the Dutch colony of New Amsterdam. As of 2014, 31.8% of all known bearers of the surname \"\"González\"\" were residents of Mexico (frequency 1:44), 10.8% of Spain (1:49), 10.0% of Venezuela (1:34), 7.4% of Argentina (1:66), 7.1% of the United", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 28 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13517531", "chunk_text": "\"Campbell (surname)\"\nCampbell (surname) Campbell is primarily a Scottish surname of Gaelic origins. In Scotland, the name itself derives from two Scottish Gaelic words. \"\"Cam\"\" (crooked) and \"\"Beul\"\" (mouth) meaning \"\"Crooked mouth\"\" or \"\"wry-mouthed\"\", originally a nickname which over time became used as a surname. Campbell is the third most common surname in Northern Ireland, fourth most common in Jamaica, seventh most common in Scotland, 12th most common in Canada, 18th most common in Australia, 41st most common in the United States and 65th most common in England. The Irish (outside of Northern Ireland) occurrence of the name usually has a different", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 29 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16143636", "chunk_text": "\"Morgan (given name)\"\nwhere it is traditionally a male name. Sometimes, for girls, the name can also be spelt \"\"Morgane\"\". The male and female names may not be the same name in origin. The male name is a descendant of Old Welsh \"\"Morcant\"\", possibly derived from \"\"mor\"\" (meaning \"\"sea\"\") and \"\"cant\"\" (meaning \"\"circle\"\"), with the meaning \"\"sea chief\"\" or \"\"sea defender\"\". For the etymology of the female version of the name, see here. Morgan is not only a first name, it is also a surname used mostly in the United States. Morgan (given name) Morgan is a Celtic name of Welsh origin. The", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 30 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13401672", "chunk_text": "Goff\nGoff Goff is a surname with several distinct origins. It is the 946th most common family name in the United States. When the surname originates from England it is derived from an occupational name from German, Cornish and Breton. The German \"\"Goff\"\" means a godly person, a strong warrior, or a priest. The Breton \"\"goff\"\" means \"\"smith\"\" (cognate with Gaelic \"\"gobha\"\"). The English-originating surname is common in East Anglia, where it is of Breton origin. The Welsh name is a variant of the surname Gough, and is derived from a nickname for someone with red hair. The native Irish name", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 31 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6853917", "chunk_text": "\"Morgan (surname)\"\nMorgan (surname) Morgan is a surname of Welsh origin. The Welsh surname is derived from the Old Welsh personal name \"\"Morcant\"\", which is of an uncertain origin. The surname \"\"Morgan\"\" traces its origin from the powerful Welsh family established c. 1330 by Morgan ap Llewelyn (son of Llewelyn ap Ifor, Lord of St. Clere, and Angharad, daughter and heiress of Sir Morgan ap Maredudd (Meredith), Lord of Tredegar), and is of Welsh origin, meaning either \"\"great kingdom\"\" or \"\"great hundred\"\". It is a popular family name in Wales, as well as there being a group of \"\"Morgan\"\"s from \"\"Morgund\"\". It", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 32 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17454808", "chunk_text": "\"Cheney (surname)\"\noak forest. In some few cases, the surname may have originated as a nickname for a man with a \"\"heart of oak\"\". The surname is now found widespread in Scotland, where the first known bearer of the name is William de Chesne, who witnessed a charter in 1200. The development of the name includes the following examples and may refer to: Cheney (surname) Cheney is a surname is of Old French origin, introduced into England by the Normans after the Conquest of 1066. The derivation is from the Old French \"\"chesne, chesnai\"\", oak tree, oak grove, from the medieval Latin", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 33 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9696451", "chunk_text": "\"Morris (surname)\"\nMorris (surname) Morris is a surname of various origins though mostly of English, Irish, Scottish and Welsh origin. The name in some cases can be of German origin and even an Americanization of several Jewish surnames. The surname ranked 53 out of 88,799 in the United States and 32 out of 500 in England and Wales. In England and Scotland, the name can be derived from the Old French personal name \"\"Maurice\"\" which was introduced to Britain by the Normans. It can also be derived from the Latin \"\"Mauritius\"\", a derivative of \"\"Maurus\"\". This name was used by several early", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 34 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1014025", "chunk_text": "\"Cox (surname)\"\nCox (surname) The surname Cox is of English or Welsh origin, and may have originated independently in several places in Great Britain, with the variations arriving at a standard spelling only later. There are also two native Irish surnames which were anglicised into Cox. An early record of the surname dates from 1556 with the marriage of Alicea Cox at St. Martin in the Fields, Westminster, London. Cox is the 69th-most common surname in the United Kingdom. One possibility of the origin is that it is a version of the Old English \"\"cocc\"\" which means \"\"the little\"\", and was sometimes", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 35 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11693485", "chunk_text": "\"Corse (surname)\"\nCorse (surname) Corse is a European surname with several apparently independent origins. An English origin traces to Corse, Gloucestershire, a location in South West England. A Scottish origin can be traced to one of several specific locations in Scotland, or alternatively to a location type, as in a locale resembling a \"\"cross\"\". Another origin appears from Scandinavia as a 17th-century variant of the surname Carsten. The United Kingdom and Scandinavia may not account for all origins of the 'Corse' surname, as records show that the largest number of immigrants (albeit yet small) into the United States bearing this surname originated", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 36 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15445", "chunk_text": "\"Evans (surname)\"\nEvans (surname) Evans is a surname of Welsh, and possibly Cornish, origin. Within Wales it is the fifth most common surname and is the tenth most common in England. Within the United States, it is ranked as the 48th-most common surname. Evans is of Welsh origin. In its anglicised form the name means \"\"son of Evan\"\". Regarding its Welsh roots, it is a derivative of the name Ifan, a cognate of John. In the Welsh language, the \"\"f\"\" produces the \"\"v\"\" sound; \"\"Ifan\"\" (\"\"Ivan\"\") became \"\"Evan\"\". The similarity to the Slavic name Ivan is not accidental, as the latter is", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 37 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13551406", "chunk_text": "\"Ríos\"\nRíos Rios or Ríos are Spanish, Portuguese, and Galician surnames. The name has numerous origins. In Germany, Italy, France, UK, and the Americas the Ríos surname can also be found in the surname history books . The name was derived from the Spanish word \"\"Rio,\"\" which means \"\"river\"\" (pronounced: Ree-Oess). The surname Ríos is a sign of ancestry which includes royals and nobles . Historians believe the Ríos family derived from the Royal House of Asturias . The original bearer of the name Ríos, which is a local surname, once lived, held land, or was born in the region of", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 38 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11354679", "chunk_text": "\"Hughes (surname)\"\nHughes (surname) Hughes is an Anglified spelling of the Welsh and Irish patronymic surname of French origin. The surname may also be the etymologically unrelated Picard variant \"\"Hugh\"\" (Old French \"\"Hue\"\") of the Germanic name \"\"Hugo\"\". In Wales and other areas of Brythonic Britain, the surname derives from the personal name \"\"Hu\"\" or \"\"Huw\"\", meaning \"\"fire\"\" or \"\"inspiration\"\". At the time of the British Census of 1881, the relative frequency of the surname \"\"Hughes\"\" was highest on the Welsh island of Ynys Môn (Anglesey) (37.2 times the British average), followed by Gwynedd, Flintshire, Denbighshire, Meirionydd, Montgomeryshire, Ceredigion, Radnorshire and Carmarthenshire,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 39 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7711695", "chunk_text": "\"Lyons (surname)\"\nLyons (surname) It is the name of a noble Anglo-Norman family that originated in district of the Forest of Lyons, north of the town of Lyons-la-Forêt in Haute Normandie, where the family seat was the Castle of Lyons. The original surname was \"\"de Lyons\"\" (\"\"of [the Forest and Castle] of Lyons\"\"): subsequently, the \"\"de\"\" was removed from the name, and some branches removed the \"\"s\"\" from the end of the word, producing \"\"Lyon\"\". The English progenitors of this family were Ingelram de Lyons, Lord of Lyons, who arrived in England with the Norman Conquest, and his relation, Nicholas de Lyons,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 40 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17376575", "chunk_text": "\"Prosser (name)\"\nProsser (name) Prosser is an English-language surname, derived from a Welsh-language patronym. The English-language surname \"\"Prosser\"\" is considered to be a Welsh surname. The name originated as an Anglicisation of the Welsh-language \"\"ap Rhosier\"\", or \"\"ap Rosser\"\", both meaning \"\"son of Roger\"\". The English-language personal name \"\"Roger\"\" is derived from the Old French personal name \"\"Roger\"\", \"\"Rogier\"\". This personal name is of Germanic origin, derived from the elements \"\"hrōd\"\" (\"\"fame\"\") and \"\"gār\"\", \"\"gēr\"\" (\"\"spear\"\"). The Old French name was adopted by the Normans, and was introduced into Britain by them in the Middle Ages (replacing the Old English cognate \"\"Hrōðgār\"\").", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 41 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9544177", "chunk_text": "\"Bay Roberts\"\nnames such as Priaulx Hill and in nearby names such as Spaniard's Bay and Port de Grave. By the late 16th century, Bay Roberts had become part of the English Shore. Some French, Spanish and Portuguese fishermen still visited the area but they were out numbered by fishermen from the English West Country. Over time, some of these West Country fishermen began to settle in the area. Seary's book \"\"Family Names of the Island of Newfoundland\"\" states that the families with the surname \"\"French\"\" arrived as long ago as 1634 and the \"\"Earles\"\" and the \"\"Badcocks\"\" arrived in the 1660s.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 42 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17072228", "chunk_text": "\"Baker (surname)\"\nBaker (surname) Baker is a famous surname of Old English (Anglo-Saxon) origin. From England the surname has spread to neighbouring countries such as Wales, Scotland and Ireland, and also to the English speaking areas of the Americas and Oceania where it is also common. An occupational name, which originated before the 8th century CE, from the name of the trade, baker. From the Middle English bakere and Old English bæcere, a derivation of bacan, meaning \"\"to dry by heat.\"\" The bearer of this name may not only have been a baker of bread. The name was also used for others", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 43 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5279871", "chunk_text": "\"Brown (surname)\"\nBrown (surname) Brown is an English-language surname in origin chiefly descriptive of a person with brown hair, complexion or clothing. It is one of the most common surnames in English-speaking countries. It is the second most common surname in Canada and Scotland, third most common in Australia and United Kingdom and fourth most common in England and the United States. It is particularly clustered in southern Scotland. Most occurrences of the name are derived from a nickname concerning the complexion of an individual, the colour of their hair or the clothing worn. This nickname is derived from the Old English", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 44 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13599776", "chunk_text": "\"Cochrane (surname)\"\nNorthern Ireland, in the early 18th century after obtaining a land grant from the Governor of Massachusetts. Later Cochranes would arrive from Scotland and England. \"\"Virtute et labore\"\", a Latin phrase meaning \"\"by valour and exertion\"\". Cochrane (surname) Cochrane is a surname with multiple independent origins, two Scottish and one Irish. One of the Scottish names derives from a place in Scotland; the Irish surname and the other Scottish surname are both anglicisations of Gaelic language surnames. The name \"\"Cochrane\"\" originates from a habitational name derived from the \"\"Lowlands of Cochrane\"\", near Paisley in Renfrewshire. The derivation of the place", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 45 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20549614", "chunk_text": "\"Roberts family (Liberia)\"\nRoberts family (Liberia) The Robert family of Liberia is a prominent elite Americo-Liberian family of African American descent originating from Petersburg, Virginia and based in Liberia with descendants in United States, United Kingdom, and Sierra Leone. The family produced several distinguished Liberian engineers, doctors, merchants, lawyers, diplomats and politicians including members such as Joseph Jenkins Roberts, the first African American Governor and the first President of Liberia. The Roberts family of Liberia originated from Petersburg, Virginia and was one of several free African American families in the state of Virginia. The Roberts family was one of several mixed-race African American", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 46 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8066861", "chunk_text": "Meyers\nMeyers Meyers is a surname of English origin; many branches of the Meyers family trace their origins to Anglo-Saxon England. The name is derived from the Old English name \"\"Maire\"\", meaning \"\"mayor\"\", or an officer in charge of legal matters. The English surname may also mean \"\"physician\"\" (from \"\"mire\"\", Old French), or \"\"marsh\"\" (from \"\"myrr\"\", Old Norse). In the form \"\"Meyer\"\" the surname can be of Jewish and German origin, deriving from the German word \"\"meiger\"\", meaning \"\"mayor\"\"; the name likely traces its origins to a wealthy landholder. Among German Jews, \"\"Meyer\"\" converged with the etymologically unconnected name \"\"Meir\"\", which", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 47 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6726693", "chunk_text": "\"Corbett (surname)\"\nCorbett (surname) Corbett is an English-language surname. It is derived from the Anglo-Norman French, Middle English, and Old French \"\"corbet\"\", which is a diminutive of \"\"corb\"\", meaning \"\"raven\"\". The surname probably originated from a nickname referring to someone with dark hair or a dark complexion like a raven's. The surname was brought to England from Normandy, and spread to Scotland in the 12th century, and into northern Ireland in the 17th century. Early instances of the name are \"\"Corbet\"\" in Shropshire, recorded in \"\"Domesday Book\"\" in 1086; \"\"Corbet\"\" in Shropshire, recorded in the Assize Rolls of Worcestershire in 1158; and", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 48 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16269328", "chunk_text": "\"Roberts syndrome\"\ninclude: surgery for the cleft lip and palate, correction of limb abnormalities (also through surgery), and improvement in prehensile hand grasp development. Roberts syndrome is an extremely rare condition that only affects about 150 reported individuals. Although there have been only about 150 reported cases, the affected group is quite diverse and spread worldwide. Parental consanguinity (parents are closely related) is common with this genetic disorder. The frequency of Roberts syndrome carriers is unknown. Roberts Syndrome is named after Dr. John Bingham Roberts (1852–1924) of Philadelphia, who reported the disease characteristics in 1919. Roberts reported a disease that was characterized", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 49 } ]
test_3598	who dies in transformers revenge of the fallen?	n/a	[ "Ravage and the Decepticon Rampage", "Jetfire" ]	[]	n/a	n/a	n/a	[]	[ { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2788795", "chunk_text": "\"Transformers: Revenge of the Fallen\"\nwho destroys one of the pyramids to reveal the Sun Harvester inside, before he is killed by a destroyer's railgun called in by Simmons. Ravage and the Decepticon Rampage attempt to spring a trap with Sam's captured parents as bait, in order to force Sam to give them the Matrix, but Bumblebee interferes and kills them both. Major William Lennox and Master Sergeant Robert Epps call in an airstrike, which kills the majority of the Decepticon ground forces. However, Megatron manages to shoot Sam, seemingly killing him, before retreating upon getting attacked. Nearing his death, the Primes contact Sam through", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 0 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2788790", "chunk_text": "\"Transformers: Revenge of the Fallen\"\ntwo Decepticons, Demolisher and Sideways. Sideways is killed by the Autobot Sideswipe, while Optimus Prime kills Demolisher, but not before he warns them of the Fallen's return. At NEST's secure headquarters in Diego Garcia, National Security Adviser Theodore Galloway concludes the Decepticons are still on Earth to hunt the Autobots, since Megatron's corpse is at the bottom of the Laurentian Abyss and the last-known AllSpark shard is secured in the base. Soundwave hacks into a military satellite, overhears the information, and sends Ravage to retrieve the shard. Meanwhile, Sam Witwicky is preparing to attend college, leaving his girlfriend Mikaela Banes", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 1 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2788792", "chunk_text": "\"Transformers: Revenge of the Fallen\"\nthe Fallen, who orders him to capture Sam alive and kill Optimus, as he is the only Transformer who can defeat the Fallen. After killing Alice, a Decepticon Pretender disguised as a college student, Sam, Mikaela and his college roommate, Leo are captured by the Decepticon Grindor and taken to an abandoned factory. Megatron reveals that the symbols in Sam's mind will lead the Decepticons to a new Energon source before Optimus and Bumblebee arrive to rescue the trio. Optimus engages Megatron, Starscream, and Grindor; though Optimus injures Starscream by cutting his arm off and killing Grindor, Megatron kills Optimus", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 2 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2788796", "chunk_text": "\"Transformers: Revenge of the Fallen\"\na vision, telling him the Matrix is earned, not found, and that he earned the right to bear it. They restore Sam's life and the Matrix, which he uses to revive Optimus. The Fallen teleports to their location and steals the Matrix from Optimus, then returns to the pyramid with Megatron and activates the Sun Harvester. Jetfire, who was gravely wounded during the battle by Scorponok but did manage to kill his attacker, sacrifices himself in order to transplant his parts to Optimus, which give him immense strength and the ability to fly. Optimus knocks the Fallen and Megatron off", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 3 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2788793", "chunk_text": "\"Transformers: Revenge of the Fallen\"\nby impaling him through the chest, destroying his spark. The other Autobots arrive and repel the Decepticons, forcing Megatron and Starscream to retreat. The Decepticons launch devastating simultaneous attacks around the world, destroying ships in the Second Fleet and damaging Paris. The Fallen hijacks Earth's telecommunications systems, demanding that Sam be handed to him. Sam, Mikaela, and Leo enlist the help of former Sector Seven agent, Seymour Simmons, who reveals that the Transformers visited Earth eons ago and the most ancient, known as Seekers, remained on Earth, hiding in secret. With help from Wheelie, they track down a Decepticon Seeker", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 4 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13596344", "chunk_text": "\"Transformers: Revenge of the Fallen\"\nthe pyramid, destroying the Sun Harvester in the process. In the battle, Optimus disables Megatron and kills the Fallen; vowing vengeance, Megatron retreats with Starscream. The victorious Autobots and their allies then return to the United States as Sam resumes to attend to college. Several clones of Scrapper, Mixmaster, Bonecrusher, Long Haul and Rampage are seen during the final battle in Egypt. An unnamed Decepticon bulldozer and dump truck, possibly clones of Rampage and Long Haul, were seen combining to form Devastator's left hand and left leg, respectively. Major hurdles for film's initial production stages included the 2007–08 Writers Guild", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 5 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10199598", "chunk_text": "\"Fallen (Transformers)\"\nengage in a fierce duel. Megatron tries to help his master, but is quickly overpowered and knocked out by Optimus. The Fallen counterattacks Optimus, managing to knock away his sword and rip off one of his rocket thrusters before he attacks Optimus with his scepter, but Optimus viciously retaliates by tearing the Fallen's face off with his own weapon. Realizing that he is losing, the Fallen tries to escape, but Optimus punches through his chest and crushes his spark core, finally killing him. Horrified at his master's demise, a wounded Megatron swears vengeance and flees with Starscream, taking over as", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 6 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10480457", "chunk_text": "\"Transformers: Revenge of the Fallen (video game)\"\ntakes down the colossal Decepticon known as Devastator, and retrieves a piece of Cybertronian technology unearthed by Devastator. Optimus and Ironhide find that Bumblebee is missing, and they learn that he has been taken by Starscream. Megatron reveals himself to the Autobots, and challenges Optimus to one final fight. Meanwhile, Bumblebee is released by Jetfire, who has been taken captive by the Decepticons. Optimus and Megatron battle, ending with Optimus close to death. Jetfire places Optimus's body in an escape pod, where Optimus's eyes light up, revealing that he is still clinging to life. Starscream and Megatron take the last", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 7 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2548426", "chunk_text": "\"Transformers: Revenge of the Fallen (video game)\"\nMikaela's location, who are then interrogated by Starscream. Starscream is able to discover Mikaela's location, and he sends Long Haul to retrieve her. Starscream receives word that the Decepticon troops transporting Mikaela have been intercepted by the Autobots. In the wake of defeat, Starscream decides to kidnap NSA chief Galloway. After destroying several buildings owned by the front corporation Massive Dynamics, Starscream captures Galloway and places him under Decepticon control. Breakaway attempts to stop the Decepticons, but he is killed by Grindor. The Decepticons learn from NSA Chief Galloway that another AllSpark shard is in NEST's custody and Megatron is", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 8 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1946815", "chunk_text": "\"Transformers: Revenge of the Fallen\"\nand guardian Bumblebee behind. He finds a smaller AllSpark shard and picks it up, causing him to see Cybertronian symbols. As a side effect, the shard's energy brings various kitchen appliances to life, who then attack Sam and his family. After Bumblebee kills the living appliances, Sam gives the shard to Mikaela, who later captures Decepticon Wheelie when he attempts to steal it. The Constructicons resurrect Megatron by brutally ripping apart the Constructicon Scrapmetal to provide parts for him, as well as using the stolen shard. Megatron then travels to one of Saturn's moons, where he reunites with his master,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 9 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2788794", "chunk_text": "\"Transformers: Revenge of the Fallen\"\nnamed at the Smithsonian Air and Space Museum. They use their shard to revive Jetfire, who teleports the group to Egypt and explains the story of the Fallen. Jetfire and Wheelie turn against the Decepticons, and order them to locate the Matrix, which could revive Optimus. Sam's group finds the Matrix in Petra, but it disintegrates into dust in Sam's hands. Undeterred, Sam stuffs the Matrix's remains into his sock. Meanwhile, NEST forces and the Autobots land near the Giza pyramid complex but are attacked by a large force of Decepticons. During the battle, many Constructicons combine to form Devastator,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 10 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13596331", "chunk_text": "\"Transformers: Revenge of the Fallen\"\nTransformers: Revenge of the Fallen Transformers: Revenge of the Fallen is a 2009 American science fiction action film directed by Michael Bay and based on the Transformers toy line. It is the sequel to 2007's \"\"Transformers\"\", as well as the second installment in the live-action \"\"Transformers\"\" film series. Taking place two years after its predecessor, the plot revolves around Sam Witwicky, who is caught in the war between two factions of alien robots, the Autobots, led by Optimus Prime and the Decepticons, led by Megatron. Sam is having strange visions of Cybertronian symbols, and being hunted by the Decepticons under", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 11 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13300726", "chunk_text": "\"Transformers: Revenge of the Fallen (video game)\"\nthe outskirts of Cairo, the Autobots search for Sam while evading Decepticon troops. After locating Sam, Optimus Prime takes him to the Tomb of the Ancients. While Sam is in the tomb, Optimus and Jetfire defend it from Megatron and Starscream. Optimus defeats them, but they escape after Megatron impales Jetfire. The Fallen reveals himself and the Sun Harvester, powering its systems up and begging the harvesting of the Earth's sun. A dying Jetfire lends his wings and parts to Optimus in order to help Optimus defeat The Fallen. Elsewhere, Bumblebee ends up fighting and defeating Devastator. Optimus battles The", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 12 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10199585", "chunk_text": "\"Fallen (Transformers)\"\nbrief skirmish for possession of the Blaster resulted in its accidental activation, brutally murdering Solus and transforming her corpse into the Well of All Sparks. After the other Eleven considered this an unforgivable crime and banished Megatronus for that, they locked away the Requiem Blaster and built a tomb for Solus surrounded by a deep cave. Devastated, Megatronus gathered an army of followers which he named the Decepticons, inspired by his rage after losing his beloved one. From there, Megatronus set up a plan to recover Solus from the Well by draining the Sparks of all other sentient beings in", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 13 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13955504", "chunk_text": "Starscream\ndie. Starscream explains that he and The Fallen engineered a new army of Decepticons, but reveals to Megatron that without sufficient energon levels to feed them, the hatchlings destined to become the new army will keep dying. Later in a factory near Sam's college, Starscream watches as Megatron plans to cut off Sam's brain and later Optimus Prime and Bumblebee arrives. Starscream joins Megatron and Grindor in a battle against Optimus Prime in the forest, which resulted in Optimus cutting off Starscream's right arm and ripping Grindor's head in half, however Megatron managed to kill Optimus by stabbing him in", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 14 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13596381", "chunk_text": "\"Transformers: Revenge of the Fallen\"\nin a Visual Effects Driven Feature Motion Picture, a SAG Award for Outstanding Performance by a Stunt Ensemble, and an MTV Movie Award for Best WTF Moment (Isabel Lucas turning into a Decepticon). Shia LaBeouf, the film and Megan Fox was nominated for a Nickelodeon Kids' Choice Awards for Favorite Movie Actor, Favorite Movie and Favorite Movie Actress, but all lost to Taylor Lautner, \"\"\"\" and Miley Cyrus, respectively. On the other hand, it was nominated for seven Razzie Awards including Worst Actress for Megan Fox (also for \"\"Jennifer's Body\"\"), Worst Supporting Actress for Julie White, Worst Screen Couple (for", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 15 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13596332", "chunk_text": "\"Transformers: Revenge of the Fallen\"\nthe orders of an ancient Decepticon named The Fallen, who seeks to get revenge on Earth by finding and activating a machine that would provide the Decepticons with an energon source, destroying the Sun and all life on Earth in the process. Returning Transformers include Optimus Prime, Bumblebee, Ironhide, Ratchet, Megatron, Starscream, and Scorponok. With deadlines jeopardized by possible strikes by the Directors Guild of America and the Screen Actors Guild, Bay managed to finish the production on time with the help of previsualization and a scriptment by his writers David Marconi, Roberto Orci, Alex Kurtzman, and series newcomer Ehren", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 16 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15322001", "chunk_text": "Megatron\nportal that will allow Quintessa to destroy Earth (revealed to be Unicron) before killing Sir Edmund Burton and facing off against the Autobots and Optimus in battle. Megatron is eventually defeated by Optimus during the melee over the staff when he has his arm sliced off and is kicked out of Quintessa's chamber into thin air. After the events of the \"\"Revenge of the Fallen\"\" film, Megatron goes into hiding, orchestrating the events from getting into NEST headquarters to being pursued by Ratchet. Megatron finally reveals himself in \"\"Cyber Missions 4\"\", when Optimus and Sideswipe track his spark's signal, which", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 17 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2548429", "chunk_text": "\"Transformers: Revenge of the Fallen (video game)\"\na NEST truck in Shanghai. Sideways and Demolishor are contacted to steal the technology. Optimus Prime is transported to near where the technology was stolen, where he confronts Devastator. Nearby Ironhide engages in battle with Demolishor. Elsewhere in the city, Bumblebee chases Sideways through the streets, who narrowly escapes with assistance from Starscream. Starscream and Sideways travel to the Laurentian Abyss, where the dead body of Megatron is being guarded by military forces. Starscream attacks the navy ships, giving Sideways an opportunity to retrieve the body. Megatron is then resurrected by The Fallen, becoming his servant. Back in Shanghai, Optimus", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 18 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5192881", "chunk_text": "Decepticon\nrestoration of the Omega Lock and the completion of the Synthetic Energon formula. To complete it, Ratchet is kidnapped and forced to aid in completing the formula, at which he succeeds. Megatron however does not count on Ratchet turning Predaking against him, nor the Autobots assaulting the Nemesis. With this, Megatron rallies his troops for a final stand. Though he kills Bumblebee and nearly kills Optimus, Megatron is killed by a resurrected Bumblebee who emerges from the Omega Lock and stabs him in the spark with the Star Saber, sending him tumbling to the earth far below. With Megatron's death,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 19 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17107194", "chunk_text": "\"The Transformers: The Movie\"\nattack Autobot City, slaughtering many Autobots and leaving only a small group alive including Hot Rod, Kup, Ultra Magnus, Arcee, Springer, Blurr, Perceptor, Blaster, and the human Daniel Witwicky. The next day, Optimus and the Dinobots arrive as reinforcements. Optimus single-handedly defeats the Decepticons and engages Megatron in a climactic battle that leaves both of them mortally wounded. On his deathbed, Optimus passes the Matrix of Leadership to Ultra Magnus, informing him that its power will light the Autobots' darkest hour, and dies. Elsewhere, the Decepticons jettison their wounded from Astrotrain, including Megatron at the hands of his treacherous second-in-command", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 20 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13596336", "chunk_text": "\"Transformers: Revenge of the Fallen\"\nthem later known as \"\"The Fallen\"\", defies their rule to never to destroy planets with life by establishing a Sun Harvester on Earth. He is confronted by, the other Primes, who imprison the Fallen before he can harvest the planet's Sun using the Matrix of Leadership. The rest of the Primes then sacrifice themselves to hide the Matrix in an unknown location. In the present, two years after Megatron's defeat, the Autobots and the U.S. military have formed the Non-biological Extraterrestrial Species Treaty (NEST), a classified international task force used to eliminate the surviving Decepticons. In Shanghai, the Autobots intercept", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 21 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19289482", "chunk_text": "Decepticon\nevil, is the founder of the Decepticons, with Megatron being the leader of its second incarnation, accepting The Fallen as his master and mentor. This would seem to imply the Decepticons were originally Autobots who turned evil. In the final battle in the second movie, there are many Decepticon casualties including Devastator (destroyed by a rail gun), Mixmaster (cut in half and his head stomped off by Jetfire), Rampage (killed by Bumblebee), Ravage (Stripped from his spine by Bumblebee), Scrapper and Long Haul (killed by an airstrike), Scorponok (head crushed by Jetfire) and the Fallen himself (spark ripped out by", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 22 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5508912", "chunk_text": "\"Transformers: Revenge of the Fallen (video game)\"\npiece of Cybertronian technology. Jetfire then goes to the desert and finds a weakened Optimus, who flew his escape pod to Egypt. Shortly after arriving Jetfire becomes mortally wounded by Starscream and sacrifices himself to give Optimus power to defeat The Fallen. Ironhide destroys the security around the Sun Harvester, and Optimus defeats Megatron. With the security down, Optimus battles The Fallen, destroying both him and the Sun Harvester. Megatron and Starscream get sucked into a space bridge, which transports them to The Fallen's throne room. At the end of the game, the Autobots rebuild the destroyed pyramid, and Megatron", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 23 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20369471", "chunk_text": "\"Transformers: Fall of Cybertron\"\ndestroys the \"\"Ark\"\"s automated defense system. Optimus sends Jetfire into space to disengage the cables. Bruticus launches from the \"\"Nemesis\"\" and destroys the \"\"Ark\"\"s fuel line before being fatally injured and blasted off the ship into empty space by Jazz and Jetfire. The game then returns to the earlier scene of Bumblebee sacrificing himself to protect Optimus, and the two rival leaders engage in a battle to death. The victor of the battle depends on the player's choice to play as either Optimus or Megatron, but before the final blow can be dealt both Optimus and Megatron are pulled off", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 24 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16153419", "chunk_text": "Scorponok\nthe sand and disembowels , who in turn kills him by smashing his head with his fist, avenging Donnelly and the Qatari soldiers. However, Scorponok's short-lived presence is instrumental towards Jetfire's death. Jetfire, being the eldest Transformer in the film, had been malfunctioning since his reawakening, and Scorponok's actions severely weakened Jetfire, who then sacrifices himself for spare parts to give Optimus Prime the means to defeat The Fallen. Scorponok has a toy in the \"\"\"\" toyline, but he does not appear in the film after his demise. In a later issue, set after the events of the film, Ironhide", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 25 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14007867", "chunk_text": "Autobot\nship's magnetic weapon to pull anything metal into his ship, in an effort to recapture Optimus. Optimus destroys the weapon and engages in battle with Lockdown before killing Attinger to save Cade from being executed. Lockdown grabs Optimus's sword and impales him, but the combined efforts of Bumblebee, Cade, Tessa, and Shane distract the bounty hunter before Optimus stabs him in the chest and slices his head in half, avenging Ratchet, Leadfoot and presumably the other Autobots. Galvatron retreats, vowing to meet Optimus another day and declares he was reborn. With Lockdown, Attinger and his right-hand man Savoy dead and", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 26 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5508903", "chunk_text": "\"Transformers: Revenge of the Fallen (video game)\"\nFallen, defeating him by impaling his face with his blade. The Fallen falls into the Sun Harvester and destroys it. With the Ancient Transformers avenged, Ratchet informs Optimus that Megatron escaped on a ship to a distant galaxy. Optimus then salutes his troops for their good work in stopping the Decepticons. The Decepticon campaign begins in Shanghai with Sideways searching the area for fuel and power, and also for Megatron's lost body. He learns of Autobots in the area and hunts and eliminates them. He then learns that Grindor has gone missing and that Sideways must find, repair, and transport", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 27 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "996572", "chunk_text": "\"Optimus Prime\"\nwith a small band of Autobots, Optimus faces Lockdown, a ruthless bounty hunter allied with the humans, and KSI, an organization that produces man-made Transformers. Optimus is captured by Lockdown, but the Autobots rescue him. Optimus is quickly losing faith in humanity, but at the urging of Cade, chooses to stay and fight a resurrected Megatron and his new army. Prime awakens the ancient Dinobots, and rides a newly tamed Grimlock into battle through Hong Kong. He kills Lockdown and Harold Attinger at the film's climax as revenge for killing many of his friends, including Ratchet and Leadfoot. At the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 28 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1462244", "chunk_text": "\"Transformers: Prime\"\nhim to rebuild the Omega Lock using synthetic Energon. Ratchet informs Predaking of the truth, and he defects. During the battle for the Omega Lock, Bumblebee is shot by Megatron, falling into the synthetic Energon. However, he survives, gaining a healed voice, and runs Megatron through with the Star Saber, killing the Decepticon leader. The Autobots use the Omega Lock to restore Cybertron and head home victorious. The series ends with the television movie, \"\"Predacons Rising\"\", where the Autobots and remaining Decepticons rebuild Cybertron. Unicron reanimates Megatron, possessing his body, planning to kill Cybertron, actually his brother Primus, using Dark", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 29 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2076698", "chunk_text": "\"The Transformers (IDW Publishing)\"\nand killed by Thundercracker, Runabout and Runamuck. Before his death, his laptop with the photo is stolen by a girl named Verity Carlo and she is taken to the Autobots – inadvertently leading the Machination straight to them via a homing device in the laptop. In the meantime, Bludgeon returns to Cybertron and reawakens Thunderwing, believing that Thunderwing's destruction of planets will appease and revitalize the spirit of Cybertron. After Nebulos is razed, Bludgeon is driven insane by a failed bonding attempt and Thunderwing is taken down by Optimus Prime. Thunderwing's corpse is placed under guard. Prime sets a course", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 30 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4229900", "chunk_text": "\"Transformers Prime Beast Hunters: Predacons Rising\"\ncan no longer be separated from either, requiring him to sacrifice himself to completely restore Cybertron. The Autobots try to dissuade him, but Optimus states that the Matrix cannot be restored again, and that the age of Primes is over, but recognizes each Autobot - even Knock Out - as a Prime in their own right before taking off into the core as the Autobots watch. As Optimus plunges into Primus, millions of sparks of all the deceased and unborn Transformers emerge from the Well, including Prime's own spark. The film's final moments mirror Optimus' last words, as he states", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 31 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5508898", "chunk_text": "\"Transformers: Revenge of the Fallen (video game)\"\nrecharged and another Decepticon battle ensues. After annihilating Decepticon troops, Optimus battles Demolishor. Upon his defeat, Demolishor states that \"\"The Fallen shall rise again.\"\" The Autobots then head to Burbank, California where a previously unknown fragment of the AllSpark has surfaced in possession of Mikaela Banes. When the Decepticons detect the fragment, Bumblebee is sent to protect Mikaela. Meanwhile, the Autobots learn that a second Allspark fragment held by the Americans has been stolen. Soundwave learns of Megatron's location in the Laurentian Abyss and transmits it to the Decepticons. Breakaway is sent to defend the carrier fleet Deep-6 which guards", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 32 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5508899", "chunk_text": "\"Transformers: Revenge of the Fallen (video game)\"\nMegatron's corpse from the Decepticons. Despite his efforts, Megatron is reactivated. On the East Coast, Sam Witwicky is kidnapped by the Decepticon troops and is taken to an industrial park near his college. Ratchet manages to locate Sam in an abandoned foundry and sends Bumblebee the coordinates. Bumblebee rescues Sam and takes him to the extraction point, upon which Grindor attacks Bumblebee. Following Bumblebee's victory, Optimus decides to give the humans a Cybertronian weapon called the Axiom Gun to help combat the growing Decepticon threat. He personally escorts the Axiom Gun to NEST headquarters. After getting the convoy to their", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 33 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5508897", "chunk_text": "\"Transformers: Revenge of the Fallen (video game)\"\nfeatures Capture the Flag-style gameplay; teams search for shards of the AllSpark and return them to their base to earn points. At the start of the Autobot campaign, NEST Pilot Sgt. Epps is reporting Decepticons in Shanghai, China. Upon the arrival of the Autobots, Major William Lennox informs them there are Decepticons in the perimeter that must not escape, and Ironhide is sent to fight them. Ironhide then battles and defeats Sideways, but later goes missing. When Optimus Prime gets word of this, Ratchet heads out to find him and get him to safety. After locating Ironhide, his power is", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 34 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5192859", "chunk_text": "Decepticon\nled by Sam Witwicky and Robert Epps invade Chicago and battle the Decepticon army, aided by the United States Army, and U.S. Air Force. The group manages to take out much of the army including Laserbeak (killed by Sam Witwicky and Bumblebee), the Driller (killed by Optimus), Starscream (killed by Sam Witwicky), Soundwave (killed by Bumblebee), Barricade (killed by NEST) and Shockwave (killed by Optimus) and disrupt the Control Pillar, forcing Sentinel into battle. The combined human and Autobot forces overwhelm Sentinel and his remaining forces and Tomahawk missiles destroy most of the Decepticon fighters, forcing Sentinel to flee before", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 35 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20369464", "chunk_text": "\"Transformers: Fall of Cybertron\"\ndestroys two Decepticon Warp Cannons but is shot point-blank by the third and presumed dead. Starscream and the Combaticons ambush and capture Optimus soon after and bring him before Megatron. As Megatron prepares to execute Optimus, Metroplex arrives and pummels him into the ground. With Megatron dead, Starscream claims leadership of the Decepticons and orders a tactical retreat. Meanwhile, Jazz, Sideswipe and Cliffjumper track Grimlock's signature to the Sea of Rust to locate him and his Lightning Strike Coalition Force composed of Slug, Sludge, Snarl and Swoop. After exploring the area and eliminating dozens of Decepticons, Jazz and Cliffjumper find", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 36 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19172243", "chunk_text": "\"Transformers Revenge of the Fallen: Autobots\"\nthe weapons system from the harvester and redirects the attack back to Megatron, killing him in the process. After defeating the Decepticon leader, the player tells Ratchet that he has defeated Megatron and has recovered the Matrix of Leadership. Ratchet then patches Optimus through the transmission, the latter of whom would then congratulate the player. He also tells the player that he has earned his admiration and respect through his bravery, and is proud to call him an Autobot. Optimus also states that he has defeated the Fallen with help from Jetfire, and that their mission on Earth is not", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 37 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6221947", "chunk_text": "Megatron\nonly to have it shoved into his exposed spark chamber by Sam, killing him. Megatron's body is later dumped into the Laurentian Abyss, along with the other dead Decepticons. Megatron returns in the sequel film, \"\"\"\". In the film, he is revealed to be The Fallen's disciple, and the second commander of the Decepticon armies, as The Fallen is the true commander of the Decepticons. Megatron is revived by and the with an AllSpark shard and now takes on the form of a Cybertronian winged tank. He then flies to the Nemesis, where he is greeted by Starscream (whom he", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 38 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20673637", "chunk_text": "\"Transformers: Age of Extinction\"\nrogue CIA black ops division known as Cemetery Wind, led by opportunistic government official Harold Attinger, who believes that all Transformers should be exterminated regardless of their faction. They are aided by Lockdown, a Cybertronian bounty hunter working for the Creators, promising to give Attinger a Seed if his division manages to capture Optimus Prime. Cemetery Wind locates Ratchet in Mexico City and Lockdown kills him when he refuses to give up the whereabouts of Optimus Prime. Optimus, damaged in Mexico City and disguised as a rundown semi-truck, is discovered in an abandoned theater by Cade Yeager, a financially struggling", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 39 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13506873", "chunk_text": "\"Mirage (Transformers)\"\nin the final battle and is among several other Autobots who are being held captive by Soundwave, Barricade and several other Decepticons. After witnessing the death of Que and the Decepticon ships raining down on them, Dino/Mirage escapes and battles the Decepticons whom held him captive. Dino/Mirage is one of the surviving Autobots at the end of the film, alongside Optimus Prime, Bumblebee, Ratchet, Sideswipe, Roadbuster, Topspin, Brains, and Leadfoot . In some early versions of the script, Dino/Mirage had at least two deaths planned. In one version, which was kept in the novelization, he was decapitated by Starscream. Another", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 40 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14790652", "chunk_text": "\"Bumblebee (Transformers)\"\nto put Rampage in a spot where Bumblebee can initiate a surprise attack. During the subsequent fight attacks him from behind and jumps on his back. After a brief struggle, Bumblebee gets a hold of Ravage and literally tears him apart with his hands, allowing him to finish off and kill Rampage. With Sam's parents free, Sam tells Bumblebee to take care of them, thus removing him from most of the final fight. After Sam is killed by Megatron, Bumblebee arrives with Sam's parents and sees Sam's body on the ground, he is heartbroken, overcome with sadness and stricken with", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 41 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19445105", "chunk_text": "\"Transformers Revenge of the Fallen: Decepticons\"\nairbase. Shortly after disabling the base, Soundwave locates the shard, which has been moved to an aircraft carrier. The Player extracts the shard and Grindor lowers the Player into the Laurentian Abyss where Scalpel revives Megatron. Megatron becomes the leader of the Decepticons again, forcing an angry Starscream back to second-in-command. In order for The Fallen to come to Earth the Decepticons disrupt the Autobot satellite defense system, which is controlled in Mexico. This allows The Fallen and his accompanying Decepticons to sneak through. The Fallen orders the retrieval of the Matrix of Leadership and the Player hunts down Jetfire,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 42 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1946858", "chunk_text": "\"Transformers: Revenge of the Fallen\"\nSound Mixing (Greg P. Russell, Gary Summers and Geoffrey Patterson), eventually losing to \"\"The Hurt Locker\"\". The film won five Scream Awards, for Best Actress (Megan Fox), Breakout Performance-Female (Isabel Lucas), Best Sequel, Best F/X, and Scream Song of the Year (\"\"New Divide\"\"); and two Teen Choice Awards, for Choice Summer Movie Star: Female (Megan Fox) and Choice Summer Movie Star: Male (Shia LaBeouf). \"\"Revenge of the Fallen\"\" was also nominated for the Saturn Award for Best Science Fiction Film but lost to \"\"Avatar\"\", Satellite Awards for Best Visual Effects and Best Sound, a VES Award for Outstanding Visual Effects", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 43 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20369470", "chunk_text": "\"Transformers: Fall of Cybertron\"\nnearby, which opens a portal. Grimlock fights his way to Shockwave, biting his left arm off and rigging the tower to explode. The crumbling tower falls, killing Grimlock and Shockwave and destabilizing the portal in Cybertron's orbit as the remaining three Dinobots watch in horror. Before the launch, Metroplex sacrifices himself by transferring all of his Energon to the \"\"Ark\"\". Optimus then calls for the launch to try and escape through the portal before it closes, but the Decepticons arrive in the \"\"Nemesis\"\" to stop them. Soundwave leads the first wave of troops onto the ship through giant cables and", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 44 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4675444", "chunk_text": "\"Transformers: The War Within\"\nand capture Jetfire. However, Grimlock, believing that Jetfire has sold out his comrades, then arrives and cuts his way through the acolytes, before being beaten senseless by the Fallen. As the Trinity prepare the ritual by capturing Hot Spot the Fallen invades the Autobot base to capture Blitzwing. Preparing to break the Seal of Primus, Shockwave's Decepticons arrive and gun down the Trinity, before allying with Prowl's Autobots to deal with the threat. Grimlock and Jetfire also form a truce to prevent the Fallen from completing his ritual, and Primus himself kills the Fallen. The various factions agree to seal", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 45 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3382085", "chunk_text": "\"Optimus Prime\"\nOptimus to return. However, Megatron, revealed to be in league with Quintessa, swoops in and steals the staff from Optimus. Prime is then attacked and sentenced to death by the Guardian Knights for aiding Quintessa, but he is saved by Cade Yeager, who convinces Optimus to correct his mistake. Optimus leads the Autobots in the attack on Quintessa's lair, during which he slays the Infernocons and defeats Megatron. Optimus then attacks Quintessa, distracting her long enough for Bumblebee to shoot and seemingly vaporize her. At the end of the film, Optimus and the other Autobots return to Cybertron, unaware that", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 46 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13596352", "chunk_text": "\"Transformers: Revenge of the Fallen\"\ncensor MTV and Comic Book Resources interviews with Mowry and Furman, who confirmed Arcee and The Fallen would be in the picture. Bay told \"\"Empire\"\" that Megatron would not be resurrected, claiming his new tank form was a toy-only character, only for Orci to confirm Megatron would return in the film in February 2009. Bay also claimed he faked the leaking of daily call sheets from the first week of filming, that revealed Ramón Rodríguez's casting, and the appearance of Jetfire and the twins. Inspired by its use in Christopher Nolan's \"\"The Dark Knight\"\", three action sequences in \"\"Revenge of", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 47 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10480451", "chunk_text": "\"Transformers: Revenge of the Fallen (video game)\"\nGrindor to the extraction site. Once Grindor is safe, he attacks Autobots protecting NEST arrays and infects the arrays with a virus, giving the Decepticons access to NEST communications. Elsewhere, Long Haul destroys NEST bases located around Shanghai. Ironhide emerges to fight Long Haul but is defeated, and Starscream proclaims the victory as a warning to Optimus Prime. The Decepticons then head to Burbank. There Soundwave has learned that Sam has given a shard of the AllSpark to Mikaela. They formulate a plan to recover the shard and use it to revive Megatron. Long Haul captures men who may know", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 48 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4689839", "chunk_text": "Over-Run\nthem of a Decepticon attack. Among the attackers are the Combaticions, but when Sentinel Major orders them to surrender, they combine into Bruticus and crush Sentinel Major. When most of the members of the Autobot Elite Guard confronted Bruticus they were nearly wiped out, with Bruticus killing most of the Guard. Dion was able to blind Bruticus, forcing it to separate into the Combaticons, but the Combaticons finished off most of the remaining Guard, including Metalhawk, who was killed by Onslaught. This left only Dion alive, buried in the rubble, and Thunderclash's team, which was off planet at the time.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 49 } ]
test_3599	who are the leaders of the jehovah witnesses?	n/a	[ "Gerrit Lösch", "Kenneth Cook", "Mark Stephen Lett", "Mark Sanderson", "Anthony Morris III", "Samuel F. Herd", "David H. Splane", "Geoffrey Jackson" ]	[]	n/a	n/a	n/a	[]	[ { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4701215", "chunk_text": "\"Jehovah's Witnesses beliefs\"\nJehovah's Witnesses beliefs The beliefs of Jehovah's Witnesses are based on the Bible teachings of Charles Taze Russell—founder of the Bible Student movement—and successive presidents of the Watch Tower Society, Joseph Franklin Rutherford, and Nathan Homer Knorr. Since 1976 all doctrinal decisions have been made by the Governing Body of Jehovah's Witnesses, a group of elders at the group's Warwick, New York headquarters. These teachings are disseminated through \"\"The Watchtower\"\" magazine and other publications of Jehovah's Witnesses, and at conventions and congregation meetings. Jehovah's Witnesses teach that the present world order, which they perceive as being under the control of", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 0 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "913507", "chunk_text": "\"Jehovah's Witnesses beliefs\"\nJehovah's Witnesses beliefs The beliefs of Jehovah's Witnesses are based on the Bible teachings of Charles Taze Russell—founder of the Bible Student movement—and successive presidents of the Watch Tower Society, Joseph Franklin Rutherford, and Nathan Homer Knorr. Since 1976 all doctrinal decisions have been made by the Governing Body of Jehovah's Witnesses, a group of elders at the group's Warwick, New York headquarters. These teachings are disseminated through \"\"The Watchtower\"\" magazine and other publications of Jehovah's Witnesses, and at conventions and congregation meetings. Jehovah's Witnesses teach that the present world order, which they perceive as being under the control of", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 1 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17479692", "chunk_text": "\"Jehovah's Witnesses practices\"\nJehovah's Witnesses practices Jehovah's Witnesses base their practices on the biblical interpretations of Charles Taze Russell (1852–1916), founder ( 1881) of the Bible Student movement, and of successive presidents of the Watch Tower Society, Joseph Franklin Rutherford (in office 1917–1942) and Nathan Homer Knorr (in office 1942–1977). Since 1976 practices have also been based on decisions made at closed meetings of the group's Governing Body. The group disseminates instructions regarding activities and acceptable behavior through \"\"The Watchtower\"\" magazine and through other official publications, and at conventions and congregation meetings. Jehovah's Witnesses endeavor to remain \"\"separate from the world\"\", which they", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 2 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7875056", "chunk_text": "\"Jehovah's Witnesses\"\npower of the Watch Tower Society president was diminished, with authority for doctrinal and organizational decisions passed to the Governing Body. Since Knorr's death in 1977, the position of president has been occupied by Frederick Franz (1977–1992) and Milton Henschel (1992–2000), both members of the Governing Body, and since 2000 by others who are not Governing Body members. In 1995, Jehovah's Witnesses abandoned the idea that Armageddon must occur during the lives of the generation that was alive in 1914 and in 2010 changed their teaching on the \"\"generation\"\". Jehovah's Witnesses are organized hierarchically, in what the leadership calls a", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 3 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7875057", "chunk_text": "\"Jehovah's Witnesses\"\n\"\"theocratic organization\"\", reflecting their belief that it is God's \"\"visible organization\"\" on earth. The organization is led by the Governing Body—an all-male group that varies in size, but since January 2018 has comprised eight members, all of whom profess to be of the \"\"anointed\"\" class with a hope of heavenly life—based in the Watch Tower Society's Warwick headquarters. There is no election for membership; new members are selected by the existing body. Until late 2012, the Governing Body described itself as the representative and \"\"spokesman\"\" for God's \"\"faithful and discreet slave class\"\" (approximately 10,000 self-professed \"\"anointed\"\" Jehovah's Witnesses). At the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 4 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7875031", "chunk_text": "\"Jehovah's Witnesses\"\nJehovah's Witnesses Jehovah's Witnesses is a millenarian restorationist Christian denomination with nontrinitarian beliefs distinct from mainstream Christianity. The group reports a worldwide membership of approximately 8.5 million adherents involved in evangelism and an annual Memorial attendance of around 20 million. Jehovah's Witnesses are directed by the Governing Body of Jehovah's Witnesses, a group of elders in Warwick, New York, which establishes all doctrines based on its interpretations of the Bible. They believe that the destruction of the present world system at Armageddon is imminent, and that the establishment of God's kingdom over the earth is the only solution for all", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 5 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10160447", "chunk_text": "\"Jehovah's Witnesses\"\nproblems faced by humanity. The group emerged from the Bible Student movement founded in the late 1870s by Charles Taze Russell, who also co-founded Zion's Watch Tower Tract Society in 1881 to organize and print the movement's publications. A leadership dispute after Russell's death resulted in several groups breaking away, with Joseph Franklin Rutherford retaining control of the Watch Tower Society and its properties. Rutherford made significant organizational and doctrinal changes, including adoption of the name \"\"Jehovah's witnesses\"\" in 1931 to distinguish them from other Bible Student groups and symbolize a break with the legacy of Russell's traditions. Jehovah's Witnesses", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 6 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16960877", "chunk_text": "\"Governing Body of Jehovah's Witnesses\"\nGoverning Body of Jehovah's Witnesses The Governing Body of Jehovah's Witnesses is the ruling council of Jehovah's Witnesses based in the group's Warwick, New York headquarters. The body formulates doctrines, oversees the production of written material for publications and conventions, and administers the group's worldwide operations. Official publications refer to members of the Governing Body as followers of Christ rather than religious leaders. Its size has varied, from seven (2014–2018) to eighteen (1974–1980) members. New members of the Governing Body are selected by existing members. Since its incorporation in 1884, the Watch Tower Bible and Tract Society of Pennsylvania has", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 7 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12339013", "chunk_text": "\"Jehovah's Witnesses\"\nthe group's leadership as totalitarian. Other critics charge that by disparaging individual decision-making, the group's leaders cultivate a system of unquestioning obedience in which Witnesses abrogate all responsibility and rights over their personal lives. Critics also accuse the group's leaders of exercising \"\"intellectual dominance\"\" over Witnesses, controlling information and creating \"\"mental isolation\"\", which former Governing Body member Raymond Franz argued were all elements of mind control. Jehovah's Witness publications state that consensus of faith aids unity, and deny that unity restricts individuality or imagination. Historian James Irvin Lichti has rejected the description of the denomination as \"\"totalitarian\"\". Sociologist Rodney Stark", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 8 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16960898", "chunk_text": "\"Governing Body of Jehovah's Witnesses\"\nin italics in the list below. Years active are shown in parentheses. All members served until their deaths unless specified. Governing Body of Jehovah's Witnesses The Governing Body of Jehovah's Witnesses is the ruling council of Jehovah's Witnesses based in the group's Warwick, New York headquarters. The body formulates doctrines, oversees the production of written material for publications and conventions, and administers the group's worldwide operations. Official publications refer to members of the Governing Body as followers of Christ rather than religious leaders. Its size has varied, from seven (2014–2018) to eighteen (1974–1980) members. New members of the Governing Body", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 9 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17174127", "chunk_text": "\"Organizational structure of Jehovah's Witnesses\"\nconsidered to constitute \"\"an unusual threat to the flock.\"\" Organizational structure of Jehovah's Witnesses Jehovah's Witnesses are organized hierarchically, and are led by the Governing Body of Jehovah's Witnesses from the Watch Tower Society's headquarters in Warwick, New York. The Governing Body, along with other \"\"helpers\"\", are organized into six committees responsible for various administrative functions within the global Witness community, including publication, assembly programs and evangelizing activity. The Governing Body and its committees supervise operations of nearly one hundred \"\"branch offices\"\" worldwide. Each branch office oversees the activities of Jehovah's Witnesses in a particular country or region, and may", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 10 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18623691", "chunk_text": "\"Organizational structure of Jehovah's Witnesses\"\nOrganizational structure of Jehovah's Witnesses Jehovah's Witnesses are organized hierarchically, and are led by the Governing Body of Jehovah's Witnesses from the Watch Tower Society's headquarters in Warwick, New York. The Governing Body, along with other \"\"helpers\"\", are organized into six committees responsible for various administrative functions within the global Witness community, including publication, assembly programs and evangelizing activity. The Governing Body and its committees supervise operations of nearly one hundred \"\"branch offices\"\" worldwide. Each branch office oversees the activities of Jehovah's Witnesses in a particular country or region, and may include facilities for the publication and distribution of Watch", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 11 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13173740", "chunk_text": "\"Eschatology of Jehovah's Witnesses\"\nEschatology of Jehovah's Witnesses The eschatology of Jehovah's Witnesses is central to their religious beliefs. They believe that Jesus Christ has been ruling in heaven as king since 1914 (a date they believe was prophesied in Scripture), and that after that time a period of cleansing occurred, resulting in God's selection of the Bible Students associated with Charles Taze Russell to be his people in 1919. They also believe the destruction of those who reject their message and thus willfully refuse to obey God will shortly take place at Armageddon, ensuring that the beginning of the new earthly society will", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 12 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10160524", "chunk_text": "\"Jehovah's Witnesses\"\nstates that Jehovah's Witness leaders are \"\"not always very democratic\"\" and that members \"\"are expected to conform to rather strict standards,\"\" but adds that \"\"enforcement tends to be very informal, sustained by the close bonds of friendship within the group\"\", and that Jehovah's Witnesses see themselves as \"\"part of the power structure rather than subject to it.\"\" Sociologist Andrew Holden states that most members who join millenarian movements such as Jehovah's Witnesses have made an informed choice. However, he also states that defectors \"\"are seldom allowed a dignified exit\"\", and describes the administration as autocratic. Various Bible scholars, including Bruce", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 13 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7875066", "chunk_text": "\"Jehovah's Witnesses\"\nconfidence\"\" in the leadership, avoid skepticism about what is taught in the Watch Tower Society's literature, and \"\"not advocate or insist on personal opinions or harbor private ideas when it comes to Bible understanding.\"\" The organization makes no provision for members to criticize or contribute to official teachings and all Witnesses must abide by its doctrines and organizational requirements. Jehovah's Witnesses emphasize the use of God's name, and they prefer the form \"\"Jehovah\"\"—a vocalization of God's name based on the Tetragrammaton. They believe that Jehovah is the only true God, the creator of all things, and the \"\"Universal Sovereign\"\". They", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 14 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7875059", "chunk_text": "\"Jehovah's Witnesses\"\nin properties owned by the organization worldwide referred to as \"\"Bethel\"\" where they operate as a religious community and administrative unit. Their living expenses and those of other full-time volunteers are covered by the organization along with a basic monthly stipend. Each congregation has a body of appointed unpaid male elders and ministerial servants. Elders maintain general responsibility for congregational governance, setting meeting times, selecting speakers and conducting meetings, directing the public preaching work, and creating \"\"judicial committees\"\" to investigate and decide disciplinary action for cases involving sexual misconduct or doctrinal breaches. New elders are appointed by a traveling overseer", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 15 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10160513", "chunk_text": "\"Jehovah's Witnesses\"\nthe US are converts. Sociologist James A. Beckford, in his 1975 study of Jehovah's Witnesses, classified the group's organizational structure as \"\"Totalizing\"\", characterized by an assertive leadership, specific and narrow objectives, control over competing demands on members' time and energy, and control over the quality of new members. Other characteristics of the classification include likelihood of friction with secular authorities, reluctance to co-operate with other religious organizations, a high rate of membership turnover, a low rate of doctrinal change, and strict uniformity of beliefs among members. Beckford identified the group's chief characteristics as \"\"historicism\"\" (identifying historical events as relating to", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 16 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15544580", "chunk_text": "\"Jehovah's Witnesses beliefs\"\nSatan, will be ended by a direct intervention of Jehovah (God), who will use Jesus Christ to fully establish his heavenly government over earth, destroying existing human governments and non-Witnesses, and creating a cleansed society of true worshippers who can live forever. They see their mission as primarily evangelical (disseminating \"\"good news\"\"), to warn as many people as possible in the remaining time before Armageddon. All members of the denomination are expected to take an active part in preaching. Witnesses refer to all their beliefs collectively as \"\"the Truth\"\". Doctrines of Jehovah's Witnesses are established by their Governing Body, which", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 17 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8942659", "chunk_text": "\"History of Jehovah's Witnesses\"\nHistory of Jehovah's Witnesses Jehovah's Witnesses originated as a branch of the Bible Student movement, which developed in the United States in the 1870s among followers of Christian Restorationist minister Charles Taze Russell. Bible Student missionaries were sent to England in 1881 and the first overseas branch was opened in London in 1900. The group took on the name International Bible Students Association and by 1914 it was also active in Canada, Germany, Australia and other countries. The movement split into several rival organizations after Russell's death in 1916, with one—led by Russell's successor, Joseph \"\"Judge\"\" Rutherford—retaining control of both", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 18 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7875072", "chunk_text": "\"Jehovah's Witnesses\"\nmillennial reign, most people who died prior to Armageddon will be resurrected with the prospect of living forever; they will be taught the proper way to worship God to prepare them for their final test at the end of the millennium. Jehovah's Witnesses believe that God's Kingdom is a literal government in heaven, ruled by Jesus Christ and 144,000 \"\"spirit-anointed\"\" Christians drawn from the earth, which they associate with Jesus' reference to a \"\"new covenant\"\". The kingdom is viewed as the means by which God will accomplish his original purpose for the earth, transforming it into a paradise without sickness", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 19 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12338966", "chunk_text": "\"Jehovah's Witnesses\"\nguidance of the holy spirit, and direction from Jesus Christ and angels. The Society also teaches that members of the Governing Body are helped by the holy spirit to discern \"\"deep truths\"\", which are then considered by the entire Governing Body before it makes doctrinal decisions. The group's leadership, while disclaiming divine inspiration and infallibility, is said to provide \"\"divine guidance\"\" through its teachings described as \"\"based on God's Word thus ... not from men, but from Jehovah.\"\" The entire Protestant canon of scripture is considered the inspired, inerrant word of God. Jehovah's Witnesses consider the Bible to be scientifically", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 20 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18623693", "chunk_text": "\"Organizational structure of Jehovah's Witnesses\"\nthe public preaching work, and forming \"\"judicial committees\"\" to investigate and decide disciplinary action in cases where members are believed to have committed serious sins. Ministerial servants fulfill clerical and attendant duties, but may also teach and conduct meetings. The organization is directed by the Governing Body—an all-male group that varies in size, but since January 2018 has had eight members,—based in the Watchtower Society's Warwick, New York headquarters. Each of the Governing Body members claims to be of the \"\"anointed class\"\" with a hope of heavenly life (whereas most Jehovah's Witnesses hope to be resurrected in an earthly paradise).", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 21 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17490179", "chunk_text": "\"Assemblies of Yahweh\"\nSaturday sundown (), the holy days as defined in Leviticus 23 and Deuteronomy 16, and a diet of clean foods as defined in Leviticus 11 and Deuteronomy 14. Leadership consists of: The Assemblies of Yahweh is led by a Directing Elder, originally Jacob O. Meyer. In accordance with his will and last testament, the Assemblies of Yahweh has since been led by two followers: Teaching Elder Jonathan S. Meyer and Deacon Nathaniel A. Meyer. They are assisted by a group of individuals called \"\"the Work of the Ministry\"\" who assist in practical matters and provide counsel on questions of doctrine.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 22 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12338949", "chunk_text": "\"Jehovah's Witnesses\"\nthe age of 64 while returning from a ministerial speaking tour. In January 1917, the Watch Tower Society's legal representative, Joseph Franklin Rutherford, was elected as its next president. His election was disputed, and members of the Board of Directors accused him of acting in an autocratic and secretive manner. The divisions between his supporters and opponents triggered a major turnover of members over the next decade. In June 1917, he released \"\"The Finished Mystery\"\" as a seventh volume of Russell's \"\"Studies in the Scriptures\"\" series. The book, published as the posthumous work of Russell, was a compilation of his", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 23 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15544584", "chunk_text": "\"Jehovah's Witnesses beliefs\"\nthose of the Governing Body may be expelled and shunned. Jehovah's Witnesses believe that God uses an organization both in heaven and on earth, and that Jehovah's Witnesses, under the direction of their Governing Body, are the only visible channel by which God communicates with humanity. The organization is said to be theocratic, \"\"ruled from the divine Top down, and not from the rank and file up\"\". Witnesses teach that people must choose between God’s organization and Satan’s. Watch Tower publications teach that the Bible is an \"\"organizational book\"\" that does not belong to individuals and that the Bible cannot", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 24 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4701217", "chunk_text": "\"Jehovah's Witnesses beliefs\"\nWitnesses are taught Jesus uses as a channel for God's progressive revelations and to direct Christians on biblical matters. Until late 2012, the Governing Body described itself as the representative and \"\"spokesman\"\" for God's \"\"faithful and discreet slave class\"\" (a limited number of \"\"anointed\"\" Jehovah's Witnesses). The Governing Body seeks neither advice nor approval from any \"\"anointed\"\" Witnesses other than high-ranking members at the Brooklyn headquarters. At the 2012 Annual Meeting of the Watch Tower Society, the \"\"faithful and discreet slave\"\" was defined as referring to the Governing Body only. Jehovah's Witnesses are directed to welcome doctrinal changes, regarding such", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 25 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10357927", "chunk_text": "\"History of Jehovah's Witnesses\"\nWatch Tower Society continued to teach the view that he had fulfilled the roles of the \"\"Laodicean Messenger\"\" of Revelation 3:14–22 and the \"\"Faithful and Wise Servant\"\" of Matthew 24:45. At the corporation's annual general meeting on January 6, 1917, Joseph Franklin Rutherford, the Society's legal counsel, was elected as Russell's successor, with new by-laws passed to strengthen the president's authority. Within months, four of the Society's seven directors claimed he was acting without consulting the board and described him as \"\"dogmatic, authoritarian and secretive\"\". A directors' meeting in June proposed returning control of the Society to the board, but", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 26 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3633560", "chunk_text": "\"Jehovah's Witnesses and governments\"\nJehovah's Witnesses and governments Jehovah's Witnesses believe their allegiance belongs to God's Kingdom, which they view as an actual government. They refrain from saluting the flag of any country or singing nationalistic songs, which they believe are forms of worship, although they may stand out of respect. They also refuse to participate in military service—even when it is compulsory—and do not become involved in politics. They believe Jesus' refusal to rule the kingdoms of the world as offered by the Devil, his refusal to be made king of Israel by the Jews, and his statements that he, his followers, and", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 27 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12554232", "chunk_text": "\"Jehovah's Witnesses beliefs\"\nimplication that the Old Testament is outdated or inferior. They believe that the Hebrew Scriptures (Old Testament) contain prophecy that was fulfilled in Jesus Christ, and that the books of the Christian Greek Scriptures (New Testament) are primarily directed to the 144,000 chosen by God for life in heaven. The Watch Tower Society's \"\"New World Translation of the Holy Scriptures\"\"—the main translation used by Jehovah's Witnesses—renders the name of God as \"\"Jehovah\"\", rather than ' or ' as found in English translations such as the King James Version. Jehovah's Witnesses believe God is the Creator and Supreme Being. Witnesses reject", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 28 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5164987", "chunk_text": "\"Governing Body of Jehovah's Witnesses\"\nto unambiguously capitalize the term \"\"Governing Body of Jehovah's witnesses\"\" as the defined group leading the denomination, with a series of articles explaining its role and its relationship with the Watch Tower Society. The focus on the new concept of \"\"theocratic\"\" leadership was accompanied by statements that the structure was not actually new: \"\"The Watch Tower\"\" declared that \"\"a governing body made its appearance\"\" some time after the formation of Zion's Watch Tower Society in 1884, though it had not been referred to as such at the time. The article stated that Watch Tower Society president Charles Taze Russell had", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 29 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10160460", "chunk_text": "\"Jehovah's Witnesses\"\nwere instructed to report their weekly preaching activity to the Brooklyn headquarters. At an international convention held at Cedar Point, Ohio, in September 1922, a new emphasis was made on house-to-house preaching. Significant changes in doctrine and administration were regularly introduced during Rutherford's twenty-five years as president, including the 1920 announcement that the Hebrew patriarchs (such as Abraham and Isaac) would be resurrected in 1925, marking the beginning of Christ's thousand-year earthly Kingdom. Because of disappointment over the changes and , tens of thousands of defections occurred during the first half of Rutherford's tenure, leading to the formation of several", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 30 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18623694", "chunk_text": "\"Organizational structure of Jehovah's Witnesses\"\nThere are no elections for membership; new members are selected by the existing body. Each of its members serves as chairman, with the position rotating among members alphabetically each year. Until late 2012, the Governing Body described itself as the representative and \"\"spokesman\"\" of God's \"\"faithful and discreet slave class\"\" (approximately 11,000 Jehovah's Witnesses who in 2010 professed to be \"\"anointed\"\"), providing \"\"spiritual food\"\" for Witnesses worldwide on behalf of the \"\"faithful and discreet slave class\"\". In practice it sought neither advice nor approval from other \"\"anointed\"\" Witnesses when formulating policies and doctrines, or when producing material for publications and", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 31 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18379668", "chunk_text": "\"Development of Jehovah's Witnesses doctrine\"\nDevelopment of Jehovah's Witnesses doctrine The doctrines of Jehovah's Witnesses have developed since publication of \"\"The Watchtower\"\" magazine began in 1879. Early doctrines were based on interpretations of the Bible by Watch Tower Bible & Tract Society founder Charles Taze Russell, then added to, altered or discarded by his successors, Joseph Rutherford and Nathan Knorr. Since 1976, doctrinal changes have been made at closed meetings of the group's Governing Body, whose decisions are described as \"\"God's progressive revelations\"\" to the faithful and discreet slave. These teachings are disseminated through \"\"The Watchtower\"\", and at conventions and congregation meetings. Most members of", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 32 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12338967", "chunk_text": "\"Jehovah's Witnesses\"\nand historically accurate and reliable and interpret much of it literally, but accept parts of it as symbolic. They consider the Bible to be the final authority for all their beliefs, although sociologist Andrew Holden's ethnographic study of the group concluded that pronouncements of the Governing Body, through Watch Tower Society publications, carry almost as much weight as the Bible. Regular personal Bible reading is frequently recommended; Witnesses are discouraged from formulating doctrines and \"\"private ideas\"\" reached through Bible research independent of Watch Tower Society publications, and are cautioned against reading other religious literature. Adherents are told to have \"\"complete", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 33 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10160507", "chunk_text": "\"Jehovah's Witnesses\"\nas an alternative. Jehovah's Witnesses believe their highest allegiance belongs to God's kingdom, which is viewed as an actual government in heaven, with Christ as king. They remain politically neutral, do not seek public office, and are discouraged from voting, though individual members may participate in uncontroversial community improvement issues. Although they do not take part in politics, they respect the authority of the governments under which they live. They do not celebrate religious holidays such as Christmas and Easter, nor do they observe birthdays, national holidays, or other celebrations they consider to honor people other than Jesus. They feel", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 34 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12554235", "chunk_text": "\"Jehovah's Witnesses beliefs\"\n\"\"Jehovah\"\" with the same prevalence, they believe that only Jehovah's Witnesses are making God's name known. Jehovah's Witnesses believe that Jesus is God's \"\"only-begotten Son\"\", and that his life began in heaven. He is described as God's first creation and the \"\"exact representation of God\"\", but is believed to be a separate entity and not part of a Trinity. Jesus is said to have been used by God in the creation of all other things. Jehovah's Witnesses believe that the Archangel, Michael, \"\"the Word\"\" of John 1:1, and wisdom personified in Proverbs 8 refer to Jesus in his pre-human existence", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 35 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14068351", "chunk_text": "\"Jehovah's Witnesses and the United Nations\"\nJehovah's Witnesses and the United Nations Jehovah's Witnesses teach that the League of Nations and the United Nations were set up as a counterfeit of God's Kingdom. Joseph F. Rutherford, second president of the Watch Tower Society, condemned politicians, business leaders and clergy in their support of the League of Nations. Jehovah's Witnesses believe that the United Nations will soon destroy all other religions, and then turn against Jehovah's Witnesses. At a convention of Bible Students held in September 1919, the local press reported J. F. Rutherford's comments on the League of Nations: \"\"He declared a League of Nations formed", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 36 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12338990", "chunk_text": "\"Jehovah's Witnesses\"\nrented stadiums or auditoriums. Their most important and solemn event is the commemoration of the \"\"Lord's Evening Meal\"\", or \"\"Memorial of Christ's Death\"\" on the date of the Jewish Passover. Jehovah's Witnesses are perhaps best known for their efforts to spread their beliefs, most notably by visiting people from house to house, distributing literature published by the Watch Tower Society in 700 languages. The objective is to start a regular \"\"Bible study\"\" with any person who is not already a member, with the intention that the student be baptized as a member of the group; Witnesses are advised to consider", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 37 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "913480", "chunk_text": "\"Jehovah's Witnesses beliefs\"\nin heaven, established in 1914, ruled by Jesus Christ and 144,000 humans raised to heaven. The kingdom is viewed as the means by which God will accomplish his original purpose for the earth, bringing about a world free of crime, sickness, death and poverty, and ultimately transforming the earth into a paradise. The kingdom is said to have been the focus of Jesus' ministry. Witnesses regard the soul as mortal, based on the statement at Ezekiel 18:4 that \"\"the soul that sins, it shall die\"\" (MKJV) and thus believe the soul does not continue to live after one dies. Death", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 38 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12338956", "chunk_text": "\"Jehovah's Witnesses\"\n1914. As their interpretations of the Bible developed, Witness publications decreed that saluting national flags is a form of idolatry, which led to a new outbreak of mob violence and government opposition in the United States, Canada, Germany, and other countries. Worldwide membership of Jehovah's Witnesses reached 113,624 in 5,323 congregations by the time of Rutherford's death in January 1942. Nathan Knorr was appointed as third president of the Watch Tower Bible and Tract Society in 1942. Knorr commissioned a new translation of the Bible, the \"\"New World Translation of the Holy Scriptures\"\", the full version of which was released", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 39 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10357944", "chunk_text": "\"History of Jehovah's Witnesses\"\nby proposing the adoption of the name \"\"Jehovah's witnesses\"\", based on the scripture at Isaiah 43:10, \"\"Ye are my witnesses, saith the Lord\"\". \"\"The Watch Tower\"\" said the new, distinctive name was designed to exalt God's name and end public confusion caused by the proliferation of groups carrying the name \"\"Bible Students\"\". It explained: \"\"It will be a name that could not be used by another, and such as none other will want to use.\"\" In 1932, he eliminated the system of congregations electing bodies of elders, claiming the office of elder was unscriptural; in 1938, he replaced the earlier", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 40 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12338954", "chunk_text": "\"Jehovah's Witnesses\"\nno God was formed, And after me there has been none.'\"\" (New World Translation of the Holy Scriptures 2013 Edition) —which was adopted by resolution. The name was chosen to distinguish his group of Bible Students from other independent groups that had severed ties with the Society, as well as symbolize the instigation of new outlooks and the promotion of fresh evangelizing methods. In 1932, Rutherford eliminated the system of locally elected elders and in 1938, introduced what he called a \"\"theocratic\"\" (literally, \"\"God-ruled\"\") organizational system, under which appointments in congregations worldwide were made from the Brooklyn headquarters. From 1932,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 41 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16960894", "chunk_text": "\"Governing Body of Jehovah's Witnesses\"\ndescribed itself as the representative and \"\"spokesman\"\" for God's \"\"faithful and discreet slave class\"\" (approximately 11,800 Witnesses who profess to be anointed) who are collectively said to be God's \"\"prophet\"\" and \"\"channel for new spiritual light\"\". The Governing Body does not consult with the other anointed Witnesses whom it was said to represent when formulating policy and doctrines or approving material for publications and conventions; the authority of the Governing Body was presumed to be analogous to that of the older men of Jerusalem in cases such as the first-century circumcision issue. The majority of Witnesses who profess to be", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 42 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17174117", "chunk_text": "\"Organizational structure of Jehovah's Witnesses\"\nas members. Congregations are governed by local \"\"elders\"\", who are assisted by \"\"ministerial servants\"\". Elders and ministerial servants are appointed in each congregation for handling various religious and administrative duties. Only male members may serve in the capacity of elder or ministerial servant. In smaller congregations, one man may handle multiple positions until another qualified candidate is available. Baptized female members may perform some of their duties only if a baptized male is unavailable; female Witnesses leading in prayer or teaching are required to wear a head covering. Each congregation has a body of elders, who are responsible for congregational", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 43 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10357945", "chunk_text": "\"History of Jehovah's Witnesses\"\nsystem of congregational self-government with a \"\"theocratic\"\" or \"\"God-ruled\"\" organizational system in which the Brooklyn headquarters would make all appointments in congregations worldwide. \"\"Consolation\"\" magazine explained: \"\"The Theocracy is at present administered by the Watch Tower Bible and Tract Society, of which Judge Rutherford is the president and general manager.\"\" Rutherford, who had shown an earlier interest in politics, applied terms to the organization that were more common in politics and business: \"\"organization\"\" replaced \"\"congregation\"\" when referring to the worldwide community of believers, while \"\"companies\"\" denoted individual congregations. He pushed for more \"\"field service\"\" and \"\"campaigns\"\" of kingdom \"\"advertising\"\" in", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 44 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14503177", "chunk_text": "\"History of Jehovah's Witnesses\"\nsucceeded by Nathan Homer Knorr. Knorr's tenure as president was notable for the transfer from individual to corporate leadership. None of the Society's publications after 1942 acknowledged authorship, and were instead attributed to an anonymous Writing Committee. From about 1944, the term \"\"governing body\"\" began to be used with a measure of frequency, with the term initially applied to the Watch Tower Society's seven-man Board of Directors. Knorr began a campaign of real estate acquisition in Brooklyn to expand the organisation's world headquarters, expanded printing production throughout the world, and organized a series of international assemblies that dwarfed those of", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 45 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14503195", "chunk_text": "\"History of Jehovah's Witnesses\"\nfirst two are out of print. The most recent one is available online. History of Jehovah's Witnesses Jehovah's Witnesses originated as a branch of the Bible Student movement, which developed in the United States in the 1870s among followers of Christian Restorationist minister Charles Taze Russell. Bible Student missionaries were sent to England in 1881 and the first overseas branch was opened in London in 1900. The group took on the name International Bible Students Association and by 1914 it was also active in Canada, Germany, Australia and other countries. The movement split into several rival organizations after Russell's death", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 46 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10160511", "chunk_text": "\"Jehovah's Witnesses\"\nmedical professionals and hospitals. Jehovah's Witnesses have an active presence in most countries, but do not form a large part of the population of any country. For 2017, Jehovah's Witnesses reported approximately 8.5 million \"\"publishers\"\"—the term they use for members actively involved in preaching—in more than 120,000 congregations. For the same year, they reported over 2 billion hours spent in preaching activity, and conducted Bible studies with more than 10 million individuals (including those conducted by Witness parents with their children). Jehovah's Witnesses estimate their worldwide annual growth since 2016 to be 1.4%. The official published membership statistics, such as", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 47 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15544605", "chunk_text": "\"Jehovah's Witnesses beliefs\"\nGod's standards of conduct and morality, use of the divine name \"\"Jehovah\"\" in worship, membership of God's \"\"organization\"\", and active support of anointed Christians. Based on a literal interpretation of scriptures such as Revelation 14:1–4, Jehovah's Witnesses believe that exactly 144,000 faithful Christians go to heaven as spirit creatures to rule with Christ in the kingdom of God. They believe that most of those are already in heaven, and that the \"\"remnant\"\" at Revelation 12:17 (KJV) refers to those remaining alive on earth who will be immediately resurrected to heaven when they die. The Witnesses understand Jesus’ words at John", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 48 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2315554", "chunk_text": "\"Jehovah's Witnesses practices\"\nthe local congregation are reviewed monthly and posted on a congregation notice board. Donations are also accepted via mail, and the Watch Tower Bible and Tract Society can be named as a beneficiary to an estate, and also accepts donations in the form of life insurance policies, pension plans, bank accounts, certificates of deposit, retirement accounts, stocks and bonds, real estate, annuities and trusts. Jehovah's Witnesses practices Jehovah's Witnesses base their practices on the biblical interpretations of Charles Taze Russell (1852–1916), founder ( 1881) of the Bible Student movement, and of successive presidents of the Watch Tower Society, Joseph Franklin", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 49 } ]

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