sot_question stringlengths 42 9.8k | ds_name stringclasses 8
values | pred_label int64 0 2 | logits listlengths 3 3 |
|---|---|---|---|
['It has been suggested that participant withdrawal from studies can bias estimates. However, this is only possible when withdrawers and nonwithdrawers differ in an important way. We tested the hypothesis that withdrawers are more likely than nonwithdrawers to be avoidant and negatively affected.', 'A total of 1160 par... | qiaojin/PubMedQA | 2 | [
-1.253811240196228,
-0.19758084416389465,
0.5126100182533264
] |
['Postprandial lipemia predicts the evolution of cardiovascular disease. Obesity is associated with an increase in the magnitude of postprandial lipemia. Our objective was to evaluate the influence of body mass index (BMI) on the effects of acute ingestion of different types of fat on the postprandial lipemic response.... | qiaojin/PubMedQA | 2 | [
-1.4744378328323364,
-1.5304813385009766,
2.015160083770752
] |
['Hemorrhage and coagulopathy are major contributors to death after trauma. The contribution of red blood cells (RBCs) in correcting coagulopathy is poorly understood. Current methods of measuring coagulopathy may fail to accurately characterize in vivo clotting. We aimed to determine the effect of RBCs on clotting par... | qiaojin/PubMedQA | 2 | [
-1.2896713018417358,
-1.679936170578003,
1.8320248126983643
] |
['Ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) incidence is used as a quality measure. We hypothesized that patient and provider factors accounted for the higher incidence of VAP in trauma patients compared with other critically ill patients.', 'We conducted a 2-year study of all intubated adult patients at our Trauma Center.... | qiaojin/PubMedQA | 2 | [
-1.2367981672286987,
-1.5200488567352295,
1.8422800302505493
] |
['To compare the performance of MEDLINE searches using index test(s) and target condition (subject searches) with the same searches combined with methodological filters for test accuracy studies.', 'We derived a reference set of 506 test accuracy studies indexed on MEDLINE from seven systematic reviews that conducted e... | qiaojin/PubMedQA | 1 | [
-0.35437220335006714,
0.005905366037040949,
-0.54234778881073
] |
['Left ventricular (LV) hypertrophy and impaired diastolic function may occur early in systemic hypertension, but longitudinal studies are missing.', 'We performed an echocardiographic follow-up study in young initially normotensive male offspring of hypertensive (OHyp) (n = 25) and normotensive (ONorm) (n = 17) parent... | qiaojin/PubMedQA | 2 | [
-1.7754589319229126,
-1.6228668689727783,
2.377366065979004
] |
['Chemical preconditioning was defined as the induction of resistance to massive disruption of energy metabolism through prior chemical suppression of oxidative phosphorylation, by which phenomena similar to those resulting from increased ischemic tolerance as a result of ischemic preconditioning can be induced. It cou... | qiaojin/PubMedQA | 2 | [
-2.5191490650177,
-1.0701602697372437,
2.7391722202301025
] |
['To compare the 1997 American Diabetes Association (ADA) criteria with the 1985 World Health Organization (WHO) criteria in categorization of the diabetes diagnostic status of Koreans and to define clinical characteristics of subjects diagnosed differently by the two criteria.', 'In 810 Korean subjects, we analyzed bl... | qiaojin/PubMedQA | 2 | [
-2.0693538188934326,
-0.005330575164407492,
1.1225292682647705
] |
['Low plasma HDL cholesterol (HDL-C) is associated with an increased risk of coronary artery disease (CAD). We recently identified the ATP-binding cassette transporter 1 (ABCA1) as the major gene underlying the HDL deficiency associated with reduced cholesterol efflux. Mutations within the ABCA1 gene are associated wit... | qiaojin/PubMedQA | 2 | [
-1.704237699508667,
-1.5484180450439453,
2.184600830078125
] |
['The purpose of the present study was to evaluate whether the combination of dye and radioisotope would improve the detection rate of sentinel nodes (SN) and the diagnostic accuracy of axillary lymph node status over dye alone in patients with breast cancer.', 'Sentinel node biopsy (SNB) was performed in stages I or I... | qiaojin/PubMedQA | 2 | [
-1.8805946111679077,
-1.4169600009918213,
2.3642096519470215
] |
['Protective effect of small heat-shock protein (sHSP) against gamma-radiation, which associated with HSP25-induced cell-cycle delay and Bcl-2 induction. We further extended our studies on the possible role of HSP25 on ionizing radiation-induced cell-cycle regulation.', 'Flow-cytometric analyses were performed for cell... | qiaojin/PubMedQA | 2 | [
-2.5320801734924316,
-1.146423101425171,
2.73266863822937
] |
['The goal of this study was to test the hypothesis that insulin receptor tyrosine kinase activity of isolated erythrocytes would be greater in glyburide-treated patients with type 2 diabetes in good glycaemic control (n = 13) than in untreated patients (n = 12) with significant fasting hyperglycaemia.', 'The two group... | qiaojin/PubMedQA | 2 | [
-2.041505813598633,
-1.2160146236419678,
2.2784223556518555
] |
['To determine the feasibility and success of blastocyst-stage embryo transfers in patients having only fair and poor quality cleavage-stage embryos on day 3.', 'Prospective case study with historic controls.', 'Tertiary care private hospital IVF center.', 'A total of 158 day 5 embryo transfer cycles in patients with g... | qiaojin/PubMedQA | 2 | [
-0.9329079389572144,
-0.6623111367225647,
0.7237656116485596
] |
['To compare the value of 17 IVF variables, including a new mean score of transferred embryos (MSTE), in predicting pregnancy rate.', 'Retrospective study.', 'Private IVF unit.', 'Women who underwent 10,000 embryo transfers.', 'Duration of infertility, type of infertility, female age, rank of IVF attempt, type of ovari... | qiaojin/PubMedQA | 2 | [
-1.3168903589248657,
-1.2573965787887573,
1.7073984146118164
] |
['Anatomically distinct adipose tissue regions differ in their predominant modality of growth (i.e., cellular hypertrophy vs. hyperplasia). We examined site-specific patterns of expression of two genes whose products, leptin and insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I), could be involved in mediating differential growth an... | qiaojin/PubMedQA | 2 | [
-2.5664947032928467,
-0.9468833804130554,
2.608276605606079
] |
['To compare the efficacy of 2 weeks of dual therapy of Lansoprazole and Amoxycilline with triple therapy of Lansoprazole, Amoxycilline and Roxythromycin for H. pylori eradication.', 'Twenty-five suffering from dyspepsia and found H. pylori positive (CLO) during upper GI endoscopy.', 'Patients were divided into 2 group... | qiaojin/PubMedQA | 2 | [
-1.9470570087432861,
-1.516040325164795,
2.4885635375976562
] |
['To identify a substance found in female genital tract secretions that enhances HIV expression in infected cells.', 'Cervico-vaginal lavages (CVL), collected in sterile normal saline, were fractionated and tested for HIV-inducing activity using HIV-infected monocytes.', 'To purify the component(s) of CVL that enhance ... | qiaojin/PubMedQA | 2 | [
-2.3954946994781494,
-1.3231009244918823,
2.7928996086120605
] |
['We investigated whether morphine alters intracellular Ca(2+) concentration ([Ca(2+)](i)), left ventricular pressure (LVP), and myofilament Ca(2+) sensitivity under physiologic conditions in intact guinea pig beating hearts and whether delta(1), delta(2), and kappa opioid stimulations are related to the direct cardiac... | qiaojin/PubMedQA | 2 | [
-1.4474985599517822,
-1.6550620794296265,
2.1333038806915283
] |
['We evaluated the efficacy of intraarticular sufentanil in the prevention of postoperative pain after day-case arthroscopic procedures. Sixty patients were randomly assigned to receive either intraarticular sufentanil, 5 or 10 microg, and saline IV, or intraarticular saline and sufentanil 5 microg IV (control). All st... | qiaojin/PubMedQA | 2 | [
-2.221827983856201,
-1.32509446144104,
2.607611656188965
] |
['Previous reports have shown the presence of erythrogenic toxin type B (ETB), apoptosis, proliferation, and leukocyte infiltration in biopsies from patients with acute poststreptococcal glomerulonephritis (APSGN).', "Attempting to correlate the apoptotic and proliferative events with the interaction of ETB or its prec... | qiaojin/PubMedQA | 2 | [
-2.289210796356201,
-1.4523661136627197,
2.7361388206481934
] |
["Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus. Recent studies suggest that genetic factors, including polymorphisms in the flanking region of the aldose reductase gene (5'ALR2), play an important role in the pathogenesis of nephropathy. Glucose transpo... | qiaojin/PubMedQA | 2 | [
-1.5854032039642334,
-1.662959337234497,
2.1310200691223145
] |
['Slit diaphragms are intercellular junctions of podocytes of the renal glomerulus. The molecular composition of slit diaphragms is still elusive. Slit diaphragms are characterized by the presence of a wide intercellular space. The morphological feature is shared by desmosomes and adherens junctions, which contain memb... | qiaojin/PubMedQA | 2 | [
-2.3081486225128174,
-1.409299373626709,
2.810370922088623
] |
['Renal toxicity is a major side-effect of aminoglycoside antibiotics and is characterized by an early impairment in proximal tubular function. In a previous study, we have shown that gentamicin administration to the rat causes an early impairment in sodium gradient-dependent phosphate (Na/Pi) cotransport activity. The... | qiaojin/PubMedQA | 2 | [
-2.3242430686950684,
-1.4192050695419312,
2.8242626190185547
] |
['Infection is the commonest cause of death in acute pancreatitis. Early reduction of commensal flora (particularly Lactobacillus species) and, at the same time, overgrowth of Enterobacteriaceae, especially Escherichia coli, have recently been described during acute pancreatitis. Lactobacillus plantarum has been shown ... | qiaojin/PubMedQA | 2 | [
-2.129579782485962,
-1.2894419431686401,
2.4551548957824707
] |
['The presence of antinuclear autoantibodies in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is influenced by genetic factors. The presence of autoantibodies in healthy family members of patients has been reported. Our hypothesis was that autoantibodies are directed against the same antigens in first-degree family members of pat... | qiaojin/PubMedQA | 2 | [
-1.9009168148040771,
-1.4459733963012695,
2.4273855686187744
] |
['The effect of mechanical stretching was examined on cultured scleral fibroblasts of the human eye in order to observe changes in their production of TIMP (tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase)-1, MMP (matrix metalloproteinase)-1 and -2 in response to physiological strain.', 'Human scleral fibroblasts were cultured f... | qiaojin/PubMedQA | 2 | [
-2.399113416671753,
-1.1494829654693604,
2.6182565689086914
] |
["Ischemic tissue necrosis is usually associated with long or sequential arterial obstructions. As a result, the role of percutaneous transluminal angioplasty (PTA), which addresses only short lesions, in patients presenting with trophic changes remains questionable. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect... | qiaojin/PubMedQA | 2 | [
-1.3040329217910767,
-1.6622426509857178,
1.9083484411239624
] |
['Estrogen is a known neuroprotective and vasoprotective agent in experimental cerebral ischemia. Preischemic steroid treatment protects animals of both sexes from focal cerebral ischemia. This study determined whether intravenous estrogen acts as a vasodilator when administered on reperfusion and whether the resulting... | qiaojin/PubMedQA | 2 | [
-1.9770079851150513,
-1.5645685195922852,
2.565323829650879
] |
['Recent results suggest that selective inhibitors of presynaptic neuronal ion channels can diminish glutamate release during cerebral ischemia and modulate excitotoxic cell death. The aim of the present study was to evaluate lamotrigine (LTG), an antiepileptic that inhibits presynaptic sodium and voltage-sensitive cal... | qiaojin/PubMedQA | 2 | [
-2.015517473220825,
-1.567404866218567,
2.5735549926757812
] |
['A link between measles virus-containing vaccines and inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) has been suggested by recent studies.', 'To address whether receipt or timing of measles-containing vaccine (MCV) increases risk for IBD.', 'A case-control study.', "Four large health maintenance organizations (HMOs) that are part o... | qiaojin/PubMedQA | 2 | [
-1.7840356826782227,
-1.1960179805755615,
2.0965075492858887
] |
['Verumontanum mucosal gland hyperplasia (VMGH) and atypical adenomatous hyperplasia (AAH) are both small glandular proliferations that are histologically and topographically unique.', 'One hundred ten randomly selected, whole-mount, radical prostatectomy specimens were reviewed to assess independently the normal histo... | qiaojin/PubMedQA | 2 | [
-2.168125867843628,
-1.373738169670105,
2.6343977451324463
] |
['In middle ear surgery using intact ear canal wall techniques, the buttress, which is the bony bridge at the medial end of the posterior-superior bony ear canal, is commonly retained during posterior tympanotomy. In some cases, the surgical exposure may be improved by resectioning the buttress, and this requires secti... | qiaojin/PubMedQA | 2 | [
-2.597585678100586,
-0.6000844836235046,
2.3240303993225098
] |
['Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma 2 (PPAR gamma 2) is an important regulator of adipose tissue metabolism and insulin sensitivity. The aim of this investigation was to determine whether a PPAR gamma 2 Pro12Ala polymorphism was associated with cardiovascular risk factors (obesity, blood pressure, diabet... | qiaojin/PubMedQA | 2 | [
-1.989981770515442,
-1.4255549907684326,
2.440272331237793
] |
['The specificity of the autoantibody response in different autoimmune diseases makes autoantibodies useful for diagnostic purposes. It also focuses attention on tissue- and event-specific circumstances that may select unique molecules for an autoimmune response in specific diseases. Defining additional phenotype-speci... | qiaojin/PubMedQA | 2 | [
-2.3198535442352295,
-1.3107481002807617,
2.6984734535217285
] |
['Previous research found no adaptations in presynaptic 5-HT1A receptors in mice lacking 5-HT1B receptors (5-HT1B KO). Stress and 5-HT1A receptor agonists induce corticosterone release in mice via hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis activation. 5-HT1B KO mice are hyperreactive to mild stressors and this might be ... | qiaojin/PubMedQA | 2 | [
-2.290231943130493,
-1.3578906059265137,
2.657133102416992
] |
['We examined the effect of various prostaglandin E (PGE) analogs specific to EP receptor subtypes on indomethacin-induced gastric lesions in rats and investigated which EP receptor subtype is involved in the protective action of PGE(2) using EP-receptor knockout mice.', 'Gastric lesions were induced by subcutaneous ad... | qiaojin/PubMedQA | 2 | [
-2.3230340480804443,
-1.4082821607589722,
2.741093158721924
] |
['To determine whether the association between rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and HLA-DRB1 is influenced by the amino acid residue encoded at position 70 (beta70) of the third hypervariable region (HVR3) of the HLA-DRbeta chain.', 'The frequencies of HLA-DRB1 alleles encoding different amino acid residues at beta70 were com... | qiaojin/PubMedQA | 2 | [
-1.7641828060150146,
-1.4564166069030762,
2.2204411029815674
] |
['To determine the pattern of excretion in urine of 5-L-oxoproline, as a measure of glycine status, during the first six weeks of life in Jamaican infants.', 'Spot samples of urine were collected from term and preterm infants at birth and longitudinally to four weeks of age, or at six weeks of age. 5-L-oxoproline was i... | qiaojin/PubMedQA | 2 | [
-1.7567816972732544,
-0.9811078906059265,
1.8401825428009033
] |
['D-cis-diltiazem, a calcium channel blocker, has been reported to enhance photoreceptor survival in the rd mouse, a model of retinitis pigmentosa (RP) resulting from mutation of the PDE6B gene. We tested the hypothesis that diltiazem treatment would similarly rescue the canine rcd1 model of RP, which is also caused by... | qiaojin/PubMedQA | 2 | [
-2.452099084854126,
-1.2827956676483154,
2.7516913414001465
] |
['Cardiomyocytes can be transplanted successfully into skeletal and cardiac muscle. Our goal was to determine the feasibility of grafting cardiomyocytes onto various synthetic supports to create an excitable and viable tissue for implantation.', 'Adult rat cardiomyocytes were cultured over an 8-week period onto differe... | qiaojin/PubMedQA | 2 | [
-2.311958074569702,
-1.322048306465149,
2.671659231185913
] |
['We previously reported that skin closure is improved by photoirradiation of the wound margins with an 815-nm diode laser system.', 'To determine whether the beneficial effects of laser treatment involve the overexpression of the inducible 72-kDa heat shock protein, Hsp70.', 'Expression of Hsp70 was investigated by im... | qiaojin/PubMedQA | 2 | [
-2.4804275035858154,
-1.2368342876434326,
2.7658510208129883
] |
['Oral mucosal wounds are characterized by rapid re-epithelialization and remodelling. In vitro, oral mucosal fibroblasts exhibit a fetal phenotype with increased extracellular matrix reorganizational ability, migration and experimental wound repopulation when compared with skin fibroblasts.', 'To investigate whether p... | qiaojin/PubMedQA | 2 | [
-2.5332748889923096,
-1.247879981994629,
2.855628490447998
] |
['We have previously reported that low humidity amplifies the hyperproliferative and inflammatory response to barrier disruption. Other reports suggest that epidermal interleukin (IL)-1 alpha is stimulated by various factors related to epidermal inflammation and that it may induce other proinflammatory molecules.', 'To... | qiaojin/PubMedQA | 2 | [
-2.840726613998413,
-0.42597517371177673,
2.2942018508911133
] |
["Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is often treated using methylphenidate, a psychostimulant that inhibits the dopamine transporter. This led E.H. Cook and colleagues to consider the dopamine transporter locus (DAT1) as a primary candidate gene for ADHD. That group reported a significant association betw... | qiaojin/PubMedQA | 2 | [
-2.2223281860351562,
-1.3219459056854248,
2.501995086669922
] |
['The CD40 antigen is expressed by antigen-presenting cells, many kinds of epithelium, and carcinomas. As signaling through CD40 modulates the differentiation state of CD40-expressing cells, we wanted to investigate whether benign or malignant prostate epithelium expressed CD40.', 'Twenty-two paraffin-embedded and 10 s... | qiaojin/PubMedQA | 2 | [
-2.2248165607452393,
-1.429358720779419,
2.7464046478271484
] |
['To analyze the effects of combining an alpha-adrenergic receptor antagonist, phentolamine, with an enhancer of the nitric oxide/cyclic guanosine monophosphate pathway (L-arginine or sildenafil) on neurogenic relaxations of rabbit corpus cavernosum (RCC).', 'Studies were performed on isolated RCC tissue in organ chamb... | qiaojin/PubMedQA | 2 | [
-2.2968251705169678,
-1.327176809310913,
2.6529674530029297
] |
['To investigate the effect of physical training on leptin levels in elderly, obese patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.', 'Twenty men and 38 women with type 2 diabetes mellitus with a body mass index (BMI) of > 25 kg/m2 participated in a prospective randomized study. Patients were either on oral glucose lowering dr... | qiaojin/PubMedQA | 2 | [
-1.961294174194336,
-0.954725980758667,
2.061897039413452
] |
['Antenatal glucocorticoid treatment (AGT) is associated with a number of postnatal benefits to the preterm infant, including reduced risk of respiratory distress syndrome, patent ductus arteriosus, intraventricular hemorrhage, and necrotizing enterocolitis.', 'To evaluate the hypothesis that maternal AGT not only redu... | qiaojin/PubMedQA | 2 | [
-2.515446186065674,
-0.8890693783760071,
2.4862146377563477
] |
['Major depressive episode is associated with quality of life (QOL) deficits, and QOL improves following remission of depression. We conducted an observational study of the relationship between depressive symptoms and QOL for 1 year after psychiatric hospitalization, and compared QOL in patients who received ECT agains... | qiaojin/PubMedQA | 2 | [
-2.3473098278045654,
-0.736890971660614,
2.137509822845459
] |
['Asthma is characterized by allergen-induced airway inflammation orchestrated by TH2 cells. The TH1-promoting cytokine IL-12 is capable of inhibiting the TH2-driven allergen-induced airway changes in mice and is therefore regarded as an interesting strategy for treating asthma.', 'The antiallergic effects of IL-12 are... | qiaojin/PubMedQA | 2 | [
-2.5039565563201904,
-1.2856523990631104,
2.792186737060547
] |
['To study patients with ALS to determine how physical function, quality of life (QOL), and spirituality or religiousness change over time, and what relationship these changes have to one another.', 'Sixty patients with ALS were studied prospectively. They were assessed at baseline, 3 months, and 6 months, using questi... | qiaojin/PubMedQA | 2 | [
-1.3803685903549194,
-0.768779456615448,
1.2509236335754395
] |
['It has been debated whether mixed chimerism (MC) is correlated to a decreased incidence of graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) after allogeneic stem cell transplantation (SCT).', 'Between September 1996 and April 1999 we analyzed 102 patients for MC in the T-cell fraction post allogeneic SCT, using PCR amplification of ... | qiaojin/PubMedQA | 2 | [
-1.4035226106643677,
-1.720955491065979,
2.0528502464294434
] |
['We sought to determine whether methylprednisolone, when administered to patients undergoing cardiac surgery, is able to ward off the detrimental hemodynamic and pulmonary alterations associated with cardiopulmonary bypass.', 'After institutional review board approval and informed consent was obtained, 90 patients sch... | qiaojin/PubMedQA | 2 | [
-1.853098750114441,
-1.5609495639801025,
2.3788490295410156
] |
['Current treatment options for high-risk superficial T1-bladder cancer (Grade 3, associated Tis, multifocality, tumor diameter > 5 cm or multiple recurrences) include early cystectomy or the goal of organ preservation by adjuvant intravesical therapy after transurethral resection (TURB). We have evaluated the efficacy... | qiaojin/PubMedQA | 2 | [
-1.8351877927780151,
-1.614027738571167,
2.4443140029907227
] |
['To explore the mechanism of PTA1 monoclonal antibody (McAb) induced human platelet aggregation and its effect on intra-cytoplasmic Ca2+ level.', "Platelet aggregation, ATP releasing assay and Pollock's test were used.", "PTA1 McAb induced human platelet aggregation in vitro, which could be completely inhibited by EGT... | qiaojin/PubMedQA | 2 | [
-2.3109543323516846,
-1.2198257446289062,
2.6362226009368896
] |
['We recently reported endothelial dysfunction as a novel cardiovascular risk factor associated with insulin resistance/obesity. Here, we tested whether hyperandrogenic insulin-resistant women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) who are at increased risk of macrovascular disease display impaired endothelium-dependent... | qiaojin/PubMedQA | 2 | [
-2.276599884033203,
-1.3001837730407715,
2.580864667892456
] |
['Platelet inhibition at the time of a percutaneous coronary intervention has consistently been shown to decrease the risk of thrombotic adverse events but not restenosis. The role of enhanced antiplatelet protection through pretreatment with the platelet ADP-receptor antagonist ticlopidine in preventing both the early... | qiaojin/PubMedQA | 2 | [
-2.181633234024048,
-1.4382672309875488,
2.6558220386505127
] |
['To elucidate the factors that influence bacterial adherence to vaginal epithelium. We developed an in vitro model to examine the interaction of type 1-piliated Escherichia coli, strain HB101/p1-17, with immortalized vaginal epithelial cells (VEC) from postmenopausal donors with (patient 1) and without (patient 2) cli... | qiaojin/PubMedQA | 2 | [
-2.4468276500701904,
-1.2492830753326416,
2.8243675231933594
] |
['This study was undertaken to evaluate the impact of the fetoplacental glucose steal phenomenon on the results of oral glucose tolerance testing in pregnancies complicated by gestational diabetes mellitus with fetal hyperinsulinism.', 'This was an analysis of the cases of 34 patients with two consecutive abnormal oral... | qiaojin/PubMedQA | 2 | [
-1.1811925172805786,
-1.5486679077148438,
1.7063472270965576
] |
['Since there is a need for simple methods to identify individuals with osteoporosis, we investigated bone status (heel and finger) with ultrasound in an institutionalized elderly population and studied the association between these measures, risk factors for osteoporosis and prevalent osteoporotic fractures.', 'Cross-... | qiaojin/PubMedQA | 2 | [
-1.0502660274505615,
-1.4168763160705566,
1.5828557014465332
] |
['To evaluate whether endothelium-dependent (nitric oxide-mediated) dilation of the brachial artery (BA) is impaired in patients being treated for essential hypertension (EH), and whether this abnormality can be detected in normotensive offspring of subjects with EH (familial trait, FT); and to investigate the interrel... | qiaojin/PubMedQA | 2 | [
-1.6298166513442993,
-1.5458613634109497,
2.1571967601776123
] |
['The aim of this study was to assess the effects of hinged ankle foot orthoses (AFO) on the metabolic and cardiopulmonary cost of walking and gross motor skills of children with cerebral palsy (CP).', 'Ten habitual users of hinged AFO with spastic diplegic CP (9.01 yr +/- 2.10) participated in the study. Expired gas a... | qiaojin/PubMedQA | 2 | [
-0.35903698205947876,
-1.536262035369873,
0.970285177230835
] |
['Hemodiafiltration (HDF) is effective in delaying the surgical need for carpal tunnel syndrome in chronic hemodialysis patients, however, predialysis beta(2)-microglobulin levels were not reduced in most short-term studies. The aim of this study was to assess the effect of long-term and differing frequencies of on-lin... | qiaojin/PubMedQA | 2 | [
-1.4174329042434692,
-1.7625975608825684,
2.1238837242126465
] |
['To investigate the potential of rosiglitazone, a highly potent agonist at the nuclear peroxisome proliferator activated receptor-gamma (PPAR-gamma), to prevent the development of diabetes in the Zucker diabetic fatty (ZDF) rat or to ameliorate the condition at a later stage of the disease.', 'Rosiglitazone (10 microm... | qiaojin/PubMedQA | 2 | [
-2.0933549404144287,
-1.4714837074279785,
2.590775489807129
] |
['Recent studies of exercise-induced hypoxemia in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) have shown that oxygen supplementation during exertion increases exercise tolerance and alleviates dyspnea. Although measurements of forced expiratory volume in 1 second and diffusion capacity for carbon monoxid... | qiaojin/PubMedQA | 2 | [
0.09094750136137009,
-1.7041027545928955,
0.6705229878425598
] |
['Evaluation of the cost of propofol used for fast-track in cardiac surgery and its impact on global cost of management for anaesthesia and intensive care.', 'Case-control study, prospective (1998) and retrospective (1994).', 'Twenty patients operated for cardiac surgery in 1998 and scheduled for fast-track anaesthesia... | qiaojin/PubMedQA | 2 | [
-1.2892040014266968,
0.15492533147335052,
0.24746491014957428
] |
['Our objectives were to determine if: (1) patients with migraine have B wave abnormalities in comparison to normal controls and patients with chronic tension headache and (2) patients with chronic tension headache have an imbalance in autonomic activity that is reflected in differences in Mayer wave activity in compar... | qiaojin/PubMedQA | 2 | [
-2.2543747425079346,
-1.096716284751892,
2.36954927444458
] |
['To compare the relative efficacy of oral sucrose versus EMLA cream for pain relief during venepuncture, 51 full-term newborns (38M, 13F; postnatal age <4 d) in a stable condition were randomly allocated to one of four treatment groups: placebo (2 ml spring water); 2 ml sucrose 24% w/v; 1 g lidocaine-prilocaine 5% cre... | qiaojin/PubMedQA | 2 | [
-1.9171106815338135,
-1.5122156143188477,
2.4430325031280518
] |
['The present study was designed to test the effects of the reversal of antagonists on the peak rate of tension development (dF/dt(max)) of the elbow extensors.', 'Experimental, with matched controls.', 'A biomechanics research laboratory.', 'Twenty-six healthy women without a history of upper extremity injury or neuro... | qiaojin/PubMedQA | 2 | [
-1.5073739290237427,
-1.5878703594207764,
2.068474292755127
] |
['The importance of HLA mismatch in determining long-term outcome in lung transplantation remains largely uncertain.', 'A retrospective analysis of 102 consecutive primary lung transplants was performed to identify risk factors for poor long-term outcome after lung transplantation defined as graft survival and bronchio... | qiaojin/PubMedQA | 2 | [
-1.2926441431045532,
-1.693663477897644,
1.9447104930877686
] |
['Several cardiovascular risk factors adversely affect arterial compliance or the distensibility of large arteries. The role of raised low-density lipoproteins (LDL) cholesterol is uncertain, most studies having shown little effect. We, therefore, investigated whether lowering LDL would improve arterial compliance. Twe... | qiaojin/PubMedQA | 2 | [
-1.4865707159042358,
-1.7141919136047363,
2.1271843910217285
] |
['To identify neural sites associated with gaze-evoked tinnitus (GET), an unusual condition that may follow cerebellar-pontine angle surgery.', 'The authors examined eight patients with GET and used PET to map the neural sites activated by lateral gaze in them and seven age- and sex-matched control subjects.', 'In pati... | qiaojin/PubMedQA | 2 | [
-2.9234793186187744,
-0.3394566774368286,
2.349611759185791
] |
['Acute allograft rejection remains an important cause of morbidity after kidney transplantation, and has been shown to be a crucial determinant of long-term graft function. Although rejection is mediated by recipient lymphocytes, both donor and recipient factors contribute to the local environment that influences the ... | qiaojin/PubMedQA | 2 | [
-2.315587282180786,
-1.3028037548065186,
2.6989035606384277
] |
['Although vitamin D receptor (VDR) polymorphisms have been shown to be associated with abnormal glucose metabolism, the reported polymorphisms are unlikely to have any biological consequences. The VDR gene has two potential translation initiation sites. A T-to-C polymorphism has been noted in the first ATG (f allele),... | qiaojin/PubMedQA | 2 | [
-1.1752787828445435,
-1.6479874849319458,
1.8020217418670654
] |
['Liver biopsy is mandatory for correctly grading and staging chronic hepatitis activity. Nevertheless, serum markers of fibrogenesis may be useful to help us understand the mechanisms of the fibrogenic process, to follow-up patients, and to establish the efficacy of therapy. In this study, our aim was to identify the ... | qiaojin/PubMedQA | 2 | [
-1.7240797281265259,
-1.6190195083618164,
2.315451145172119
] |
['Reactive oxygen species (ROS) have been implicated in reperfusion injury after focal cerebral ischemia (FCI). ROS are known to regulate the activity of transcription factors such as activator protein-1 (AP-1), which is a dimer consisting of members of the Jun and Fos families. We investigated the role of ROS in AP-1 ... | qiaojin/PubMedQA | 2 | [
-2.393328905105591,
-1.2995284795761108,
2.7084286212921143
] |
['To examine nitric-oxide (NO)-mediated relaxation in cavernosal smooth muscle in a rat model of diabetes, as previous experiments showed that HbA1c (an isoform of glycosylated haemoglobin and a marker of long-term diabetic control) impaired NO-mediated relaxation of normal corpus cavernosal tissue through the generati... | qiaojin/PubMedQA | 2 | [
-2.415806531906128,
-1.3157864809036255,
2.754218578338623
] |
['To develop rapid and reliable techniques for determining follicle content, viability, and morphologic features in an ovarian cortical biopsy specimen.', 'Prospective laboratory study.', 'Academic research institution.', 'Consenting patients undergoing laparoscopic surgery for nonovarian disease.', 'Ovarian cortical b... | qiaojin/PubMedQA | 2 | [
-2.42158579826355,
-1.1627639532089233,
2.647186756134033
] |
['12-Lipoxygenase (12-LO) products of arachidonate metabolism have growth and chemotactic effects in vascular smooth muscle cells. We have also recently demonstrated increased 12-LO mRNA and protein expression in the neointima of balloon-injured rat carotid arteries. In this study, we evaluated whether 12-LO activation... | qiaojin/PubMedQA | 2 | [
-2.0378308296203613,
-1.520075798034668,
2.525815486907959
] |
['Ultrasonographic evaluation of systemic arterial function is widely available, and a close relation of endothelial function in the coronary and brachial arteries has been documented. It is unknown, however, whether a similar correlation exists for their 2 microcirculatory territories and thus whether assessment of th... | qiaojin/PubMedQA | 2 | [
-1.4433637857437134,
-1.715057611465454,
2.156865358352661
] |
['P-selectin mediates leukocyte recruitment to activated platelets and endothelium through its high-affinity receptor P-selectin glycoprotein ligand-1 (PSGL-1). Platelet and leukocyte activation and binding have been reported after coronary angioplasty and were correlated with restenosis. We investigated the effect of ... | qiaojin/PubMedQA | 2 | [
-1.8364996910095215,
-1.5966371297836304,
2.3627493381500244
] |
['We have previously shown increased expression of the CD4+ cell chemoattractant IL-16 at sites of airway allergic inflammation. Little is known about the significance of IL-16 in allergic inflammation and its role in allergen-driven T-cell cytokine responses. Because IL-16 interacts specifically with CD4+ T cells, we ... | qiaojin/PubMedQA | 2 | [
-2.0329501628875732,
-1.452378511428833,
2.4710848331451416
] |
['Persistent airflow limitation may develop in patients with asthma, particularly in adults with nonatopic (intrinsic) disease. Although the underlying mechanisms are still unknown, respiratory infections might be involved.', 'We investigated the annual loss of lung function in relation to seropositivity to Chlamydia p... | qiaojin/PubMedQA | 2 | [
-2.158961057662964,
-1.2839195728302002,
2.5253257751464844
] |
['Allergic rhinitis (AR) and asthma are characterized by means of a similar inflammatory process in which eosinophils are important effector cells. The migration of eosinophils from the blood into the tissues is dependent on adhesion molecules.', 'To analyze the aspects of nasobronchial cross-talk, we studied the expre... | qiaojin/PubMedQA | 2 | [
-2.3752665519714355,
-1.3743540048599243,
2.773895263671875
] |
['Epidemiologic studies suggest that populations that consume large amounts of dietary fat are at greater risk for prostate carcinoma. Arachidonic acid and its precursor, linoleic acid, are major ingredients of animal fats and many vegetable oils that are used in the regions where prostate carcinoma is prevalent. The m... | qiaojin/PubMedQA | 2 | [
-2.157137155532837,
-1.4078361988067627,
2.619805335998535
] |
['The kinetochore attachment (spindle assembly) checkpoint arrests cells in metaphase to prevent exit from mitosis until all the chromosomes are aligned properly at the metaphase plate. The checkpoint operates by preventing activation of the anaphase-promoting complex (APC), which triggers anaphase by degrading mitotic... | qiaojin/PubMedQA | 2 | [
-2.3173413276672363,
-1.2418644428253174,
2.608213424682617
] |
['Because coagulation activation markers have been shown to indicate an increased risk of thrombosis, we tested whether thrombin-antithrombin III complexes and D-dimers correlated with the risk assessment in pregnant women on the basis of clinical data.', 'We divided a group of 261 pregnant women (305 pregnancies) into... | qiaojin/PubMedQA | 2 | [
-1.952762246131897,
-1.2359132766723633,
2.2035880088806152
] |
['The importance of tobacco smoking and Helicobacter pylori infection as risk factors in the development of gastric carcinoma was investigated through multivariate conditional logistic regression analysis in a nested case-control study.', 'Blood samples and a questionnaire on smoking habits were collected from a cohort... | qiaojin/PubMedQA | 2 | [
-0.8616414666175842,
-1.5777475833892822,
1.4432566165924072
] |
['Contents of glutamate (Glu), asparate (Asp) and expression of prepro-somatostatin mRNA (PPS-mRNA) in rat hypothalamus were measured by using imitated altitude hypoxia rat model, amino acid analyzer and in situ hybridization technique.', 'After rats were subjected to altitude hypoxia, contents of Glu and Asp in hypoth... | qiaojin/PubMedQA | 2 | [
-2.6723601818084717,
-0.9284155368804932,
2.6661458015441895
] |
['Nitric oxide (NO) derived from inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) mediates hypotension and metabolic derangements in sepsis. We hypothesized that selective iNOS-inhibition would prevent hypotension in septic rats without inhibiting endothelium-dependent vasodilation caused by the physiologically important endothe... | qiaojin/PubMedQA | 2 | [
-2.2774345874786377,
-1.4279215335845947,
2.70975661277771
] |
['Fatty acid (FA) metabolism and the contribution of carnitine to metabolism after cardioplegic arrest still remain unclear, especially in the neonatal heart where beta-oxidation is not a predominant source of adenosine triphosphate.', 'FA metabolism and the effects of carnitine administration were evaluated using a ne... | qiaojin/PubMedQA | 2 | [
-2.431886911392212,
-1.3167102336883545,
2.8207478523254395
] |
['The appearance of p53 mutations in colorectal carcinoma was determined, independent of differentiation and tumor stage of the primary tumors, in relation to the survival of patients who were scheduled to undergo liver resection.', 'Tumor material was analyzed for p53 mutations in primary colorectal tumors and subsequ... | qiaojin/PubMedQA | 2 | [
-2.1797053813934326,
-1.1118814945220947,
2.3374838829040527
] |
['Prospective, randomized, double-blind study.', 'To assess the efficacy of ketorolac and bupivacaine in reducing postoperative pain after microsurgical lumbar discectomy.', 'Microsurgical lumbar discectomy often is performed as an ambulatory procedure. Pain, nausea, and urinary retention may delay discharge. It was hy... | qiaojin/PubMedQA | 2 | [
-2.0845000743865967,
-1.444401741027832,
2.5699329376220703
] |
['While several studies have demonstrated that the L-type calcium current maintains discontinuous conduction, the contribution of the transient outward current (I(to)) to conduction remains unclear. This study evaluated the effects of I(to) inhibition on conduction between ventricular myocytes.', 'An electronic circuit... | qiaojin/PubMedQA | 2 | [
-2.2238190174102783,
-1.3347409963607788,
2.6342267990112305
] |
['Cardiovascular diseases are the leading cause of death in the Western World, especially in the elder population. One pathophysiological component of cardiovascular disease is myocardial fibrosis, primarily derived from cardiac fibroblasts. Here we investigated the regulation of proliferation of fibroblasts from heart... | qiaojin/PubMedQA | 2 | [
-2.5418617725372314,
-1.0938750505447388,
2.6461191177368164
] |
['Adrenomedullin (AM) is a potent vasodilator peptide. Plasma AM concentration is increased in patients with various heart diseases, and both myocytes (MCs) and non-myocytes (NMCs) secrete AM and express its receptors. These facts suggest that cardiac cells possess an autocrine/paracrine capability mediated by AM.', 'M... | qiaojin/PubMedQA | 2 | [
-2.328364133834839,
-1.3725178241729736,
2.733975887298584
] |
['The aim of this study was to investigate if an open ductus venosus representing a portal-caval shunt can lead to transient "alimentary galactosaemia" in preterm infants fed human breast milk. Twenty-six preterm infants (28-34 wk of gestational age) with open ductus venosus were included. Capillary blood samples for m... | qiaojin/PubMedQA | 2 | [
-2.0959231853485107,
-1.185370922088623,
2.3691937923431396
] |
['Vomiting, large gastric residuals and abdominal distension are common in very immature infants on formula feeding. The present trial investigated whether a protein hydrolysate formula reduces the gastrointestinal transit time in preterm infants. Fifteen preterm infants (median gestational age 29 (24-32) wk, birthweig... | qiaojin/PubMedQA | 2 | [
-0.8700798749923706,
-1.5683085918426514,
1.5441818237304688
] |
["Postnatal depression can have long term adverse consequences for the mother-infant relationship and the infant's development. Improving a mother's depression per se has been found to have little impact on mother-infant interaction. The aims of this study were to determine whether attending regular massage classes cou... | qiaojin/PubMedQA | 1 | [
-2.05907940864563,
0.6602694392204285,
0.6324369311332703
] |
['Osteoarthritis (OA) is increasingly prevalent in the years after menopause. Epidemiological data suggest that the use of oestrogen replacement therapy (ERT) may protect against knee OA.', 'To test the hypothesis that long term ERT (longer than five years) is associated with increased knee cartilage in postmenopausal ... | qiaojin/PubMedQA | 2 | [
-1.96552312374115,
-1.1507865190505981,
2.0791566371917725
] |
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