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1,100
Stochastic Gradient Descent: Going As Fast As Possible But Not Faster
stat.ML
When applied to training deep neural networks, stochastic gradient descent (SGD) often incurs steady progression phases, interrupted by catastrophic episodes in which loss and gradient norm explode. A possible mitigation of such events is to slow down the learning process. This paper presents a novel approach to contro...
computer science
1,101
On the exact relationship between the denoising function and the data distribution
cs.NE
We prove an exact relationship between the optimal denoising function and the data distribution in the case of additive Gaussian noise, showing that denoising implicitly models the structure of data allowing it to be exploited in the unsupervised learning of representations. This result generalizes a known relationship...
computer science
1,102
Shifting Mean Activation Towards Zero with Bipolar Activation Functions
stat.ML
We propose a simple extension to the ReLU-family of activation functions that allows them to shift the mean activation across a layer towards zero. Combined with proper weight initialization, this alleviates the need for normalization layers. We explore the training of deep vanilla recurrent neural networks (RNNs) with...
computer science
1,103
Minimal Effort Back Propagation for Convolutional Neural Networks
cs.LG
As traditional neural network consumes a significant amount of computing resources during back propagation, \citet{Sun2017mePropSB} propose a simple yet effective technique to alleviate this problem. In this technique, only a small subset of the full gradients are computed to update the model parameters. In this paper ...
computer science
1,104
EDEN: Evolutionary Deep Networks for Efficient Machine Learning
stat.ML
Deep neural networks continue to show improved performance with increasing depth, an encouraging trend that implies an explosion in the possible permutations of network architectures and hyperparameters for which there is little intuitive guidance. To address this increasing complexity, we propose Evolutionary DEep Net...
computer science
1,105
Deep Learning for Unsupervised Insider Threat Detection in Structured Cybersecurity Data Streams
cs.NE
Analysis of an organization's computer network activity is a key component of early detection and mitigation of insider threat, a growing concern for many organizations. Raw system logs are a prototypical example of streaming data that can quickly scale beyond the cognitive power of a human analyst. As a prospective fi...
computer science
1,106
Training Feedforward Neural Networks with Standard Logistic Activations is Feasible
cs.NE
Training feedforward neural networks with standard logistic activations is considered difficult because of the intrinsic properties of these sigmoidal functions. This work aims at showing that these networks can be trained to achieve generalization performance comparable to those based on hyperbolic tangent activations...
computer science
1,107
full-FORCE: A Target-Based Method for Training Recurrent Networks
cs.NE
Trained recurrent networks are powerful tools for modeling dynamic neural computations. We present a target-based method for modifying the full connectivity matrix of a recurrent network to train it to perform tasks involving temporally complex input/output transformations. The method introduces a second network during...
computer science
1,108
StackSeq2Seq: Dual Encoder Seq2Seq Recurrent Networks
cs.LG
A widely studied non-deterministic polynomial time (NP) hard problem lies in finding a route between the two nodes of a graph. Often meta-heuristics algorithms such as $A^{*}$ are employed on graphs with a large number of nodes. Here, we propose a deep recurrent neural network architecture based on the Sequence-2-Seque...
computer science
1,109
Sum-Product-Quotient Networks
cs.LG
We present a novel tractable generative model that extends Sum-Product Networks (SPNs) and significantly boosts their power. We call it Sum-Product-Quotient Networks (SPQNs), whose core concept is to incorporate conditional distributions into the model by direct computation using quotient nodes, e.g. $P(A|B) = \frac{P(...
computer science
1,110
Learning compressed representations of blood samples time series with missing data
cs.NE
Clinical measurements collected over time are naturally represented as multivariate time series (MTS), which often contain missing data. An autoencoder can learn low dimensional vectorial representations of MTS that preserve important data characteristics, but cannot deal explicitly with missing data. In this work, we ...
computer science
1,111
Biologically Inspired Feedforward Supervised Learning for Deep Self-Organizing Map Networks
stat.ML
In this study, we propose a novel deep neural network and its supervised learning method that uses a feedforward supervisory signal. The method is inspired by the human visual system and performs human-like association-based learning without any backward error propagation. The feedforward supervisory signal that produc...
computer science
1,112
PDE-Net: Learning PDEs from Data
math.NA
In this paper, we present an initial attempt to learn evolution PDEs from data. Inspired by the latest development of neural network designs in deep learning, we propose a new feed-forward deep network, called PDE-Net, to fulfill two objectives at the same time: to accurately predict dynamics of complex systems and to ...
computer science
1,113
On the role of synaptic stochasticity in training low-precision neural networks
cs.LG
Stochasticity and limited precision of synaptic weights in neural network models are key aspects of both biological and hardware modeling of learning processes. Here we show that a neural network model with stochastic binary weights naturally gives prominence to exponentially rare dense regions of solutions with a numb...
computer science
1,114
Smooth Neighbors on Teacher Graphs for Semi-supervised Learning
cs.LG
The paper proposes an inductive semi-supervised learning method, called Smooth Neighbors on Teacher Graphs (SNTG). At each iteration during training, a graph is dynamically constructed based on predictions of the teacher model, i.e., the implicit self-ensemble of models. Then the graph serves as a similarity measure wi...
computer science
1,115
Machine Learning Approach to RF Transmitter Identification
eess.SP
With the development and widespread use of wireless devices in recent years (mobile phones, Internet of Things, Wi-Fi), the electromagnetic spectrum has become extremely crowded. In order to counter security threats posed by rogue or unknown transmitters, it is important to identify RF transmitters not by the data cont...
computer science
1,116
Variational Walkback: Learning a Transition Operator as a Stochastic Recurrent Net
stat.ML
We propose a novel method to directly learn a stochastic transition operator whose repeated application provides generated samples. Traditional undirected graphical models approach this problem indirectly by learning a Markov chain model whose stationary distribution obeys detailed balance with respect to a parameteriz...
computer science
1,117
Lower bounds over Boolean inputs for deep neural networks with ReLU gates
cs.CC
Motivated by the resurgence of neural networks in being able to solve complex learning tasks we undertake a study of high depth networks using ReLU gates which implement the function $x \mapsto \max\{0,x\}$. We try to understand the role of depth in such neural networks by showing size lowerbounds against such network ...
computer science
1,118
Latent Constraints: Learning to Generate Conditionally from Unconditional Generative Models
cs.LG
Deep generative neural networks have proven effective at both conditional and unconditional modeling of complex data distributions. Conditional generation enables interactive control, but creating new controls often requires expensive retraining. In this paper, we develop a method to condition generation without retrai...
computer science
1,119
Deep supervised learning using local errors
cs.NE
Error backpropagation is a highly effective mechanism for learning high-quality hierarchical features in deep networks. Updating the features or weights in one layer, however, requires waiting for the propagation of error signals from higher layers. Learning using delayed and non-local errors makes it hard to reconcile...
computer science
1,120
Simulating Human Grandmasters: Evolution and Coevolution of Evaluation Functions
cs.NE
This paper demonstrates the use of genetic algorithms for evolving a grandmaster-level evaluation function for a chess program. This is achieved by combining supervised and unsupervised learning. In the supervised learning phase the organisms are evolved to mimic the behavior of human grandmasters, and in the unsupervi...
computer science
1,121
Expert-Driven Genetic Algorithms for Simulating Evaluation Functions
cs.NE
In this paper we demonstrate how genetic algorithms can be used to reverse engineer an evaluation function's parameters for computer chess. Our results show that using an appropriate expert (or mentor), we can evolve a program that is on par with top tournament-playing chess programs, outperforming a two-time World Com...
computer science
1,122
Genetic Algorithms for Evolving Deep Neural Networks
cs.NE
In recent years, deep learning methods applying unsupervised learning to train deep layers of neural networks have achieved remarkable results in numerous fields. In the past, many genetic algorithms based methods have been successfully applied to training neural networks. In this paper, we extend previous work and pro...
computer science
1,123
Variational Probability Flow for Biologically Plausible Training of Deep Neural Networks
cs.LG
The quest for biologically plausible deep learning is driven, not just by the desire to explain experimentally-observed properties of biological neural networks, but also by the hope of discovering more efficient methods for training artificial networks. In this paper, we propose a new algorithm named Variational Proba...
computer science
1,124
DeepSign: Deep Learning for Automatic Malware Signature Generation and Classification
cs.CR
This paper presents a novel deep learning based method for automatic malware signature generation and classification. The method uses a deep belief network (DBN), implemented with a deep stack of denoising autoencoders, generating an invariant compact representation of the malware behavior. While conventional signature...
computer science
1,125
Genetic Algorithms for Evolving Computer Chess Programs
cs.NE
This paper demonstrates the use of genetic algorithms for evolving: 1) a grandmaster-level evaluation function, and 2) a search mechanism for a chess program, the parameter values of which are initialized randomly. The evaluation function of the program is evolved by learning from databases of (human) grandmaster games...
computer science
1,126
DeepAPT: Nation-State APT Attribution Using End-to-End Deep Neural Networks
cs.CR
In recent years numerous advanced malware, aka advanced persistent threats (APT) are allegedly developed by nation-states. The task of attributing an APT to a specific nation-state is extremely challenging for several reasons. Each nation-state has usually more than a single cyber unit that develops such advanced malwa...
computer science
1,127
DeepChess: End-to-End Deep Neural Network for Automatic Learning in Chess
cs.NE
We present an end-to-end learning method for chess, relying on deep neural networks. Without any a priori knowledge, in particular without any knowledge regarding the rules of chess, a deep neural network is trained using a combination of unsupervised pretraining and supervised training. The unsupervised training extra...
computer science
1,128
Gaussian Process Neurons Learn Stochastic Activation Functions
stat.ML
We propose stochastic, non-parametric activation functions that are fully learnable and individual to each neuron. Complexity and the risk of overfitting are controlled by placing a Gaussian process prior over these functions. The result is the Gaussian process neuron, a probabilistic unit that can be used as the basic...
computer science
1,129
Single-trial P300 Classification using PCA with LDA, QDA and Neural Networks
cs.NE
The P300 event-related potential (ERP), evoked in scalp-recorded electroencephalography (EEG) by external stimuli, has proven to be a reliable response for controlling a BCI. The P300 component of an event related potential is thus widely used in brain-computer interfaces to translate the subjects' intent by mere thoug...
computer science
1,130
Neural Component Analysis for Fault Detection
cs.LG
Principal component analysis (PCA) is largely adopted for chemical process monitoring and numerous PCA-based systems have been developed to solve various fault detection and diagnosis problems. Since PCA-based methods assume that the monitored process is linear, nonlinear PCA models, such as autoencoder models and kern...
computer science
1,131
Concept Formation and Dynamics of Repeated Inference in Deep Generative Models
stat.ML
Deep generative models are reported to be useful in broad applications including image generation. Repeated inference between data space and latent space in these models can denoise cluttered images and improve the quality of inferred results. However, previous studies only qualitatively evaluated image outputs in data...
computer science
1,132
Size-Independent Sample Complexity of Neural Networks
cs.LG
We study the sample complexity of learning neural networks, by providing new bounds on their Rademacher complexity assuming norm constraints on the parameter matrix of each layer. Compared to previous work, these complexity bounds have improved dependence on the network depth, and under some additional assumptions, are...
computer science
1,133
Rapid Adaptation with Conditionally Shifted Neurons
cs.LG
We describe a mechanism by which artificial neural networks can learn rapid adaptation - the ability to adapt on the fly, with little data, to new tasks - that we call conditionally shifted neurons. We apply this mechanism in the framework of metalearning, where the aim is to replicate some of the flexibility of human ...
computer science
1,134
Flexible Deep Neural Network Processing
cs.NE
The recent success of Deep Neural Networks (DNNs) has drastically improved the state of the art for many application domains. While achieving high accuracy performance, deploying state-of-the-art DNNs is a challenge since they typically require billions of expensive arithmetic computations. In addition, DNNs are typica...
computer science
1,135
ReNN: Rule-embedded Neural Networks
cs.LG
The artificial neural network shows powerful ability of inference, but it is still criticized for lack of interpretability and prerequisite needs of big dataset. This paper proposes the Rule-embedded Neural Network (ReNN) to overcome the shortages. ReNN first makes local-based inferences to detect local patterns, and t...
computer science
1,136
Imitation networks: Few-shot learning of neural networks from scratch
stat.ML
In this paper, we propose imitation networks, a simple but effective method for training neural networks with a limited amount of training data. Our approach inherits the idea of knowledge distillation that transfers knowledge from a deep or wide reference model to a shallow or narrow target model. The proposed method ...
computer science
1,137
Junction Tree Variational Autoencoder for Molecular Graph Generation
cs.LG
We seek to automate the design of molecules based on specific chemical properties. In computational terms, this task involves continuous embedding and generation of molecular graphs. Our primary contribution is the direct realization of molecular graphs, a task previously approached by generating linear SMILES strings ...
computer science
1,138
Anomaly Detection using One-Class Neural Networks
cs.LG
We propose a one-class neural network (OC-NN) model to detect anomalies in complex data sets. OC-NN combines the ability of deep networks to extract progressively rich representation of data with the one-class objective of creating a tight envelope around normal data. The OC-NN approach breaks new ground for the follow...
computer science
1,139
Adversarial Training for Probabilistic Spiking Neural Networks
stat.ML
Classifiers trained using conventional empirical risk minimization or maximum likelihood methods are known to suffer dramatic performance degradations when tested over examples adversarially selected based on knowledge of the classifier's decision rule. Due to the prominence of Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs) as clas...
computer science
1,140
Improving Graph Convolutional Networks with Non-Parametric Activation Functions
cs.NE
Graph neural networks (GNNs) are a class of neural networks that allow to efficiently perform inference on data that is associated to a graph structure, such as, e.g., citation networks or knowledge graphs. While several variants of GNNs have been proposed, they only consider simple nonlinear activation functions in th...
computer science
1,141
Evolutionary Generative Adversarial Networks
cs.LG
Generative adversarial networks (GAN) have been effective for learning generative models for real-world data. However, existing GANs (GAN and its variants) tend to suffer from training problems such as instability and mode collapse. In this paper, we propose a novel GAN framework called evolutionary generative adversar...
computer science
1,142
Autostacker: A Compositional Evolutionary Learning System
cs.LG
We introduce an automatic machine learning (AutoML) modeling architecture called Autostacker, which combines an innovative hierarchical stacking architecture and an Evolutionary Algorithm (EA) to perform efficient parameter search. Neither prior domain knowledge about the data nor feature preprocessing is needed. Using...
computer science
1,143
Online Deep Learning: Growing RBM on the fly
cs.NE
We propose a novel online learning algorithm for Restricted Boltzmann Machines (RBM), namely, the Online Generative Discriminative Restricted Boltzmann Machine (OGD-RBM), that provides the ability to build and adapt the network architecture of RBM according to the statistics of streaming data. The OGD-RBM is trained in...
computer science
1,144
FeTa: A DCA Pruning Algorithm with Generalization Error Guarantees
cs.LG
Recent DNN pruning algorithms have succeeded in reducing the number of parameters in fully connected layers, often with little or no drop in classification accuracy. However, most of the existing pruning schemes either have to be applied during training or require a costly retraining procedure after pruning to regain c...
computer science
1,145
Recurrent Neural Network Attention Mechanisms for Interpretable System Log Anomaly Detection
cs.LG
Deep learning has recently demonstrated state-of-the art performance on key tasks related to the maintenance of computer systems, such as intrusion detection, denial of service attack detection, hardware and software system failures, and malware detection. In these contexts, model interpretability is vital for administ...
computer science
1,146
Deep architectures for learning context-dependent ranking functions
stat.ML
Object ranking is an important problem in the realm of preference learning. On the basis of training data in the form of a set of rankings of objects, which are typically represented as feature vectors, the goal is to learn a ranking function that predicts a linear order of any new set of objects. Current approaches co...
computer science
1,147
Convolutional Neural Networks Applied to House Numbers Digit Classification
cs.CV
We classify digits of real-world house numbers using convolutional neural networks (ConvNets). ConvNets are hierarchical feature learning neural networks whose structure is biologically inspired. Unlike many popular vision approaches that are hand-designed, ConvNets can automatically learn a unique set of features opti...
computer science
1,148
The Neural Representation Benchmark and its Evaluation on Brain and Machine
cs.NE
A key requirement for the development of effective learning representations is their evaluation and comparison to representations we know to be effective. In natural sensory domains, the community has viewed the brain as a source of inspiration and as an implicit benchmark for success. However, it has not been possible...
computer science
1,149
Training Convolutional Networks with Noisy Labels
cs.CV
The availability of large labeled datasets has allowed Convolutional Network models to achieve impressive recognition results. However, in many settings manual annotation of the data is impractical; instead our data has noisy labels, i.e. there is some freely available label for each image which may or may not be accur...
computer science
1,150
Object detection via a multi-region & semantic segmentation-aware CNN model
cs.CV
We propose an object detection system that relies on a multi-region deep convolutional neural network (CNN) that also encodes semantic segmentation-aware features. The resulting CNN-based representation aims at capturing a diverse set of discriminative appearance factors and exhibits localization sensitivity that is es...
computer science
1,151
A PCA-Based Convolutional Network
cs.LG
In this paper, we propose a novel unsupervised deep learning model, called PCA-based Convolutional Network (PCN). The architecture of PCN is composed of several feature extraction stages and a nonlinear output stage. Particularly, each feature extraction stage includes two layers: a convolutional layer and a feature po...
computer science
1,152
An Empirical Evaluation of Current Convolutional Architectures' Ability to Manage Nuisance Location and Scale Variability
cs.CV
We conduct an empirical study to test the ability of Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) to reduce the effects of nuisance transformations of the input data, such as location, scale and aspect ratio. We isolate factors by adopting a common convolutional architecture either deployed globally on the image to compute cla...
computer science
1,153
Binarized Neural Networks on the ImageNet Classification Task
cs.CV
We trained Binarized Neural Networks (BNNs) on the high resolution ImageNet ILSVRC-2102 dataset classification task and achieved a good performance. With a moderate size network of 13 layers, we obtained top-5 classification accuracy rate of 84.1 % on validation set through network distillation, much better than previo...
computer science
1,154
Filling in the details: Perceiving from low fidelity images
cs.CV
Humans perceive their surroundings in great detail even though most of our visual field is reduced to low-fidelity color-deprived (e.g. dichromatic) input by the retina. In contrast, most deep learning architectures are computationally wasteful in that they consider every part of the input when performing an image proc...
computer science
1,155
Tracking Human-like Natural Motion Using Deep Recurrent Neural Networks
cs.CV
Kinect skeleton tracker is able to achieve considerable human body tracking performance in convenient and a low-cost manner. However, The tracker often captures unnatural human poses such as discontinuous and vibrated motions when self-occlusions occur. A majority of approaches tackle this problem by using multiple Kin...
computer science
1,156
Deep Aesthetic Quality Assessment with Semantic Information
cs.CV
Human beings often assess the aesthetic quality of an image coupled with the identification of the image's semantic content. This paper addresses the correlation issue between automatic aesthetic quality assessment and semantic recognition. We cast the assessment problem as the main task among a multi-task deep model, ...
computer science
1,157
Deep Adaptive Network: An Efficient Deep Neural Network with Sparse Binary Connections
cs.LG
Deep neural networks are state-of-the-art models for understanding the content of images, video and raw input data. However, implementing a deep neural network in embedded systems is a challenging task, because a typical deep neural network, such as a Deep Belief Network using 128x128 images as input, could exhaust Gig...
computer science
1,158
Image Colorization Using a Deep Convolutional Neural Network
cs.CV
In this paper, we present a novel approach that uses deep learning techniques for colorizing grayscale images. By utilizing a pre-trained convolutional neural network, which is originally designed for image classification, we are able to separate content and style of different images and recombine them into a single im...
computer science
1,159
Diving deeper into mentee networks
cs.LG
Modern computer vision is all about the possession of powerful image representations. Deeper and deeper convolutional neural networks have been built using larger and larger datasets and are made publicly available. A large swath of computer vision scientists use these pre-trained networks with varying degrees of succe...
computer science
1,160
Joint Line Segmentation and Transcription for End-to-End Handwritten Paragraph Recognition
cs.CV
Offline handwriting recognition systems require cropped text line images for both training and recognition. On the one hand, the annotation of position and transcript at line level is costly to obtain. On the other hand, automatic line segmentation algorithms are prone to errors, compromising the subsequent recognition...
computer science
1,161
Learning Mid-Level Features and Modeling Neuron Selectivity for Image Classification
cs.CV
We now know that mid-level features can greatly enhance the performance of image learning, but how to automatically learn the image features efficiently and in an unsupervised manner is still an open question. In this paper, we present a very efficient mid-level feature learning approach (MidFea), which only involves s...
computer science
1,162
Learning Multi-Scale Representations for Material Classification
cs.CV
The recent progress in sparse coding and deep learning has made unsupervised feature learning methods a strong competitor to hand-crafted descriptors. In computer vision, success stories of learned features have been predominantly reported for object recognition tasks. In this paper, we investigate if and how feature l...
computer science
1,163
Unsupervised Learning of Video Representations using LSTMs
cs.LG
We use multilayer Long Short Term Memory (LSTM) networks to learn representations of video sequences. Our model uses an encoder LSTM to map an input sequence into a fixed length representation. This representation is decoded using single or multiple decoder LSTMs to perform different tasks, such as reconstructing the i...
computer science
1,164
Evaluation of Deep Convolutional Nets for Document Image Classification and Retrieval
cs.CV
This paper presents a new state-of-the-art for document image classification and retrieval, using features learned by deep convolutional neural networks (CNNs). In object and scene analysis, deep neural nets are capable of learning a hierarchical chain of abstraction from pixel inputs to concise and descriptive represe...
computer science
1,165
Deep Convolutional Inverse Graphics Network
cs.CV
This paper presents the Deep Convolution Inverse Graphics Network (DC-IGN), a model that learns an interpretable representation of images. This representation is disentangled with respect to transformations such as out-of-plane rotations and lighting variations. The DC-IGN model is composed of multiple layers of convol...
computer science
1,166
Enhanced Image Classification With a Fast-Learning Shallow Convolutional Neural Network
cs.NE
We present a neural network architecture and training method designed to enable very rapid training and low implementation complexity. Due to its training speed and very few tunable parameters, the method has strong potential for applications requiring frequent retraining or online training. The approach is characteriz...
computer science
1,167
Adversarial Images for Variational Autoencoders
cs.NE
We investigate adversarial attacks for autoencoders. We propose a procedure that distorts the input image to mislead the autoencoder in reconstructing a completely different target image. We attack the internal latent representations, attempting to make the adversarial input produce an internal representation as simila...
computer science
1,168
Parameter Compression of Recurrent Neural Networks and Degradation of Short-term Memory
cs.CV
The significant computational costs of deploying neural networks in large-scale or resource constrained environments, such as data centers and mobile devices, has spurred interest in model compression, which can achieve a reduction in both arithmetic operations and storage memory. Several techniques have been proposed ...
computer science
1,169
Generalized Deep Image to Image Regression
cs.CV
We present a Deep Convolutional Neural Network architecture which serves as a generic image-to-image regressor that can be trained end-to-end without any further machinery. Our proposed architecture: the Recursively Branched Deconvolutional Network (RBDN) develops a cheap multi-context image representation very early o...
computer science
1,170
Exploring the Design Space of Deep Convolutional Neural Networks at Large Scale
cs.CV
In recent years, the research community has discovered that deep neural networks (DNNs) and convolutional neural networks (CNNs) can yield higher accuracy than all previous solutions to a broad array of machine learning problems. To our knowledge, there is no single CNN/DNN architecture that solves all problems optimal...
computer science
1,171
Color and Shape Content Based Image Classification using RBF Network and PSO Technique: A Survey
cs.CV
The improvement of the accuracy of image query retrieval used image classification technique. Image classification is well known technique of supervised learning. The improved method of image classification increases the working efficiency of image query retrieval. For the improvements of classification technique we us...
computer science
1,172
Rectifying Self Organizing Maps for Automatic Concept Learning from Web Images
cs.CV
We attack the problem of learning concepts automatically from noisy web image search results. Going beyond low level attributes, such as colour and texture, we explore weakly-labelled datasets for the learning of higher level concepts, such as scene categories. The idea is based on discovering common characteristics sh...
computer science
1,173
Unsupervised feature learning by augmenting single images
cs.CV
When deep learning is applied to visual object recognition, data augmentation is often used to generate additional training data without extra labeling cost. It helps to reduce overfitting and increase the performance of the algorithm. In this paper we investigate if it is possible to use data augmentation as the main ...
computer science
1,174
Learning Paired-associate Images with An Unsupervised Deep Learning Architecture
cs.NE
This paper presents an unsupervised multi-modal learning system that learns associative representation from two input modalities, or channels, such that input on one channel will correctly generate the associated response at the other and vice versa. In this way, the system develops a kind of supervised classification ...
computer science
1,175
Learning Human Pose Estimation Features with Convolutional Networks
cs.CV
This paper introduces a new architecture for human pose estimation using a multi- layer convolutional network architecture and a modified learning technique that learns low-level features and higher-level weak spatial models. Unconstrained human pose estimation is one of the hardest problems in computer vision, and our...
computer science
1,176
Thoughts on a Recursive Classifier Graph: a Multiclass Network for Deep Object Recognition
cs.CV
We propose a general multi-class visual recognition model, termed the Classifier Graph, which aims to generalize and integrate ideas from many of today's successful hierarchical recognition approaches. Our graph-based model has the advantage of enabling rich interactions between classes from different levels of interpr...
computer science
1,177
PCANet: A Simple Deep Learning Baseline for Image Classification?
cs.CV
In this work, we propose a very simple deep learning network for image classification which comprises only the very basic data processing components: cascaded principal component analysis (PCA), binary hashing, and block-wise histograms. In the proposed architecture, PCA is employed to learn multistage filter banks. It...
computer science
1,178
Deep Metric Learning for Practical Person Re-Identification
cs.CV
Various hand-crafted features and metric learning methods prevail in the field of person re-identification. Compared to these methods, this paper proposes a more general way that can learn a similarity metric from image pixels directly. By using a "siamese" deep neural network, the proposed method can jointly learn the...
computer science
1,179
A Deep and Autoregressive Approach for Topic Modeling of Multimodal Data
cs.CV
Topic modeling based on latent Dirichlet allocation (LDA) has been a framework of choice to deal with multimodal data, such as in image annotation tasks. Another popular approach to model the multimodal data is through deep neural networks, such as the deep Boltzmann machine (DBM). Recently, a new type of topic model c...
computer science
1,180
MoDeep: A Deep Learning Framework Using Motion Features for Human Pose Estimation
cs.CV
In this work, we propose a novel and efficient method for articulated human pose estimation in videos using a convolutional network architecture, which incorporates both color and motion features. We propose a new human body pose dataset, FLIC-motion, that extends the FLIC dataset with additional motion features. We ap...
computer science
1,181
Scale-Invariant Convolutional Neural Networks
cs.CV
Even though convolutional neural networks (CNN) has achieved near-human performance in various computer vision tasks, its ability to tolerate scale variations is limited. The popular practise is making the model bigger first, and then train it with data augmentation using extensive scale-jittering. In this paper, we pr...
computer science
1,182
MatConvNet - Convolutional Neural Networks for MATLAB
cs.CV
MatConvNet is an implementation of Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) for MATLAB. The toolbox is designed with an emphasis on simplicity and flexibility. It exposes the building blocks of CNNs as easy-to-use MATLAB functions, providing routines for computing linear convolutions with filter banks, feature pooling, and...
computer science
1,183
Discovering Hidden Factors of Variation in Deep Networks
cs.LG
Deep learning has enjoyed a great deal of success because of its ability to learn useful features for tasks such as classification. But there has been less exploration in learning the factors of variation apart from the classification signal. By augmenting autoencoders with simple regularization terms during training, ...
computer science
1,184
An Analysis of Unsupervised Pre-training in Light of Recent Advances
cs.CV
Convolutional neural networks perform well on object recognition because of a number of recent advances: rectified linear units (ReLUs), data augmentation, dropout, and large labelled datasets. Unsupervised data has been proposed as another way to improve performance. Unfortunately, unsupervised pre-training is not use...
computer science
1,185
Permutohedral Lattice CNNs
cs.CV
This paper presents a convolutional layer that is able to process sparse input features. As an example, for image recognition problems this allows an efficient filtering of signals that do not lie on a dense grid (like pixel position), but of more general features (such as color values). The presented algorithm makes u...
computer science
1,186
Striving for Simplicity: The All Convolutional Net
cs.LG
Most modern convolutional neural networks (CNNs) used for object recognition are built using the same principles: Alternating convolution and max-pooling layers followed by a small number of fully connected layers. We re-evaluate the state of the art for object recognition from small images with convolutional networks,...
computer science
1,187
Half-CNN: A General Framework for Whole-Image Regression
cs.CV
The Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) has achieved great success in image classification. The classification model can also be utilized at image or patch level for many other applications, such as object detection and segmentation. In this paper, we propose a whole-image CNN regression model, by removing the full conn...
computer science
1,188
Occlusion Edge Detection in RGB-D Frames using Deep Convolutional Networks
cs.CV
Occlusion edges in images which correspond to range discontinuity in the scene from the point of view of the observer are an important prerequisite for many vision and mobile robot tasks. Although they can be extracted from range data however extracting them from images and videos would be extremely beneficial. We trai...
computer science
1,189
Training deep neural networks with low precision multiplications
cs.LG
Multipliers are the most space and power-hungry arithmetic operators of the digital implementation of deep neural networks. We train a set of state-of-the-art neural networks (Maxout networks) on three benchmark datasets: MNIST, CIFAR-10 and SVHN. They are trained with three distinct formats: floating point, fixed poin...
computer science
1,190
Semantic Image Segmentation with Deep Convolutional Nets and Fully Connected CRFs
cs.CV
Deep Convolutional Neural Networks (DCNNs) have recently shown state of the art performance in high level vision tasks, such as image classification and object detection. This work brings together methods from DCNNs and probabilistic graphical models for addressing the task of pixel-level classification (also called "s...
computer science
1,191
Learning Deep Object Detectors from 3D Models
cs.CV
Crowdsourced 3D CAD models are becoming easily accessible online, and can potentially generate an infinite number of training images for almost any object category.We show that augmenting the training data of contemporary Deep Convolutional Neural Net (DCNN) models with such synthetic data can be effective, especially ...
computer science
1,192
Learning Compact Convolutional Neural Networks with Nested Dropout
cs.CV
Recently, nested dropout was proposed as a method for ordering representation units in autoencoders by their information content, without diminishing reconstruction cost. However, it has only been applied to training fully-connected autoencoders in an unsupervised setting. We explore the impact of nested dropout on the...
computer science
1,193
Constrained Extreme Learning Machines: A Study on Classification Cases
cs.LG
Extreme learning machine (ELM) is an extremely fast learning method and has a powerful performance for pattern recognition tasks proven by enormous researches and engineers. However, its good generalization ability is built on large numbers of hidden neurons, which is not beneficial to real time response in the test pr...
computer science
1,194
Pixel-wise Deep Learning for Contour Detection
cs.CV
We address the problem of contour detection via per-pixel classifications of edge point. To facilitate the process, the proposed approach leverages with DenseNet, an efficient implementation of multiscale convolutional neural networks (CNNs), to extract an informative feature vector for each pixel and uses an SVM class...
computer science
1,195
When Face Recognition Meets with Deep Learning: an Evaluation of Convolutional Neural Networks for Face Recognition
cs.CV
Deep learning, in particular Convolutional Neural Network (CNN), has achieved promising results in face recognition recently. However, it remains an open question: why CNNs work well and how to design a 'good' architecture. The existing works tend to focus on reporting CNN architectures that work well for face recognit...
computer science
1,196
Learning to Compare Image Patches via Convolutional Neural Networks
cs.CV
In this paper we show how to learn directly from image data (i.e., without resorting to manually-designed features) a general similarity function for comparing image patches, which is a task of fundamental importance for many computer vision problems. To encode such a function, we opt for a CNN-based model that is trai...
computer science
1,197
Predicting Deep Zero-Shot Convolutional Neural Networks using Textual Descriptions
cs.LG
One of the main challenges in Zero-Shot Learning of visual categories is gathering semantic attributes to accompany images. Recent work has shown that learning from textual descriptions, such as Wikipedia articles, avoids the problem of having to explicitly define these attributes. We present a new model that can class...
computer science
1,198
Cyclical Learning Rates for Training Neural Networks
cs.CV
It is known that the learning rate is the most important hyper-parameter to tune for training deep neural networks. This paper describes a new method for setting the learning rate, named cyclical learning rates, which practically eliminates the need to experimentally find the best values and schedule for the global lea...
computer science
1,199
Learning both Weights and Connections for Efficient Neural Networks
cs.NE
Neural networks are both computationally intensive and memory intensive, making them difficult to deploy on embedded systems. Also, conventional networks fix the architecture before training starts; as a result, training cannot improve the architecture. To address these limitations, we describe a method to reduce the s...
computer science