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1,300
DRAW: A Recurrent Neural Network For Image Generation
cs.CV
This paper introduces the Deep Recurrent Attentive Writer (DRAW) neural network architecture for image generation. DRAW networks combine a novel spatial attention mechanism that mimics the foveation of the human eye, with a sequential variational auto-encoding framework that allows for the iterative construction of com...
computer science
1,301
Training Binary Multilayer Neural Networks for Image Classification using Expectation Backpropagation
cs.NE
Compared to Multilayer Neural Networks with real weights, Binary Multilayer Neural Networks (BMNNs) can be implemented more efficiently on dedicated hardware. BMNNs have been demonstrated to be effective on binary classification tasks with Expectation BackPropagation (EBP) algorithm on high dimensional text datasets. I...
computer science
1,302
Towards the Limit of Network Quantization
cs.CV
Network quantization is one of network compression techniques to reduce the redundancy of deep neural networks. It reduces the number of distinct network parameter values by quantization in order to save the storage for them. In this paper, we design network quantization schemes that minimize the performance loss due t...
computer science
1,303
EgoTransfer: Transferring Motion Across Egocentric and Exocentric Domains using Deep Neural Networks
cs.CV
Mirror neurons have been observed in the primary motor cortex of primate species, in particular in humans and monkeys. A mirror neuron fires when a person performs a certain action, and also when he observes the same action being performed by another person. A crucial step towards building fully autonomous intelligent ...
computer science
1,304
Learning from Simulated and Unsupervised Images through Adversarial Training
cs.CV
With recent progress in graphics, it has become more tractable to train models on synthetic images, potentially avoiding the need for expensive annotations. However, learning from synthetic images may not achieve the desired performance due to a gap between synthetic and real image distributions. To reduce this gap, we...
computer science
1,305
Spatially-Adaptive Reconstruction in Computed Tomography using Neural Networks
cs.CV
We propose a supervised machine learning approach for boosting existing signal and image recovery methods and demonstrate its efficacy on example of image reconstruction in computed tomography. Our technique is based on a local nonlinear fusion of several image estimates, all obtained by applying a chosen reconstructio...
computer science
1,306
Network In Network
cs.NE
We propose a novel deep network structure called "Network In Network" (NIN) to enhance model discriminability for local patches within the receptive field. The conventional convolutional layer uses linear filters followed by a nonlinear activation function to scan the input. Instead, we build micro neural networks with...
computer science
1,307
Dropout improves Recurrent Neural Networks for Handwriting Recognition
cs.CV
Recurrent neural networks (RNNs) with Long Short-Term memory cells currently hold the best known results in unconstrained handwriting recognition. We show that their performance can be greatly improved using dropout - a recently proposed regularization method for deep architectures. While previous works showed that dro...
computer science
1,308
Unsupervised Feature Learning by Deep Sparse Coding
cs.LG
In this paper, we propose a new unsupervised feature learning framework, namely Deep Sparse Coding (DeepSC), that extends sparse coding to a multi-layer architecture for visual object recognition tasks. The main innovation of the framework is that it connects the sparse-encoders from different layers by a sparse-to-den...
computer science
1,309
Fast Training of Convolutional Networks through FFTs
cs.CV
Convolutional networks are one of the most widely employed architectures in computer vision and machine learning. In order to leverage their ability to learn complex functions, large amounts of data are required for training. Training a large convolutional network to produce state-of-the-art results can take weeks, eve...
computer science
1,310
Deep Belief Networks for Image Denoising
cs.LG
Deep Belief Networks which are hierarchical generative models are effective tools for feature representation and extraction. Furthermore, DBNs can be used in numerous aspects of Machine Learning such as image denoising. In this paper, we propose a novel method for image denoising which relies on the DBNs' ability in fe...
computer science
1,311
GPU Asynchronous Stochastic Gradient Descent to Speed Up Neural Network Training
cs.CV
The ability to train large-scale neural networks has resulted in state-of-the-art performance in many areas of computer vision. These results have largely come from computational break throughs of two forms: model parallelism, e.g. GPU accelerated training, which has seen quick adoption in computer vision circles, and ...
computer science
1,312
Intriguing properties of neural networks
cs.CV
Deep neural networks are highly expressive models that have recently achieved state of the art performance on speech and visual recognition tasks. While their expressiveness is the reason they succeed, it also causes them to learn uninterpretable solutions that could have counter-intuitive properties. In this paper we ...
computer science
1,313
Spectral Networks and Locally Connected Networks on Graphs
cs.LG
Convolutional Neural Networks are extremely efficient architectures in image and audio recognition tasks, thanks to their ability to exploit the local translational invariance of signal classes over their domain. In this paper we consider possible generalizations of CNNs to signals defined on more general domains witho...
computer science
1,314
One-Shot Adaptation of Supervised Deep Convolutional Models
cs.CV
Dataset bias remains a significant barrier towards solving real world computer vision tasks. Though deep convolutional networks have proven to be a competitive approach for image classification, a question remains: have these models have solved the dataset bias problem? In general, training or fine-tuning a state-of-th...
computer science
1,315
Deep learning for class-generic object detection
cs.CV
We investigate the use of deep neural networks for the novel task of class generic object detection. We show that neural networks originally designed for image recognition can be trained to detect objects within images, regardless of their class, including objects for which no bounding box labels have been provided. In...
computer science
1,316
Deep Networks with Internal Selective Attention through Feedback Connections
cs.CV
Traditional convolutional neural networks (CNN) are stationary and feedforward. They neither change their parameters during evaluation nor use feedback from higher to lower layers. Real brains, however, do. So does our Deep Attention Selective Network (dasNet) architecture. DasNets feedback structure can dynamically al...
computer science
1,317
Efficient On-the-fly Category Retrieval using ConvNets and GPUs
cs.CV
We investigate the gains in precision and speed, that can be obtained by using Convolutional Networks (ConvNets) for on-the-fly retrieval - where classifiers are learnt at run time for a textual query from downloaded images, and used to rank large image or video datasets. We make three contributions: (i) we present a...
computer science
1,318
Computing the Stereo Matching Cost with a Convolutional Neural Network
cs.CV
We present a method for extracting depth information from a rectified image pair. We train a convolutional neural network to predict how well two image patches match and use it to compute the stereo matching cost. The cost is refined by cross-based cost aggregation and semiglobal matching, followed by a left-right cons...
computer science
1,319
HD-CNN: Hierarchical Deep Convolutional Neural Network for Large Scale Visual Recognition
cs.CV
In image classification, visual separability between different object categories is highly uneven, and some categories are more difficult to distinguish than others. Such difficult categories demand more dedicated classifiers. However, existing deep convolutional neural networks (CNN) are trained as flat N-way classifi...
computer science
1,320
DeepSentiBank: Visual Sentiment Concept Classification with Deep Convolutional Neural Networks
cs.CV
This paper introduces a visual sentiment concept classification method based on deep convolutional neural networks (CNNs). The visual sentiment concepts are adjective noun pairs (ANPs) automatically discovered from the tags of web photos, and can be utilized as effective statistical cues for detecting emotions depicted...
computer science
1,321
Do Convnets Learn Correspondence?
cs.CV
Convolutional neural nets (convnets) trained from massive labeled datasets have substantially improved the state-of-the-art in image classification and object detection. However, visual understanding requires establishing correspondence on a finer level than object category. Given their large pooling regions and traini...
computer science
1,322
Convolutional Neural Network-based Place Recognition
cs.CV
Recently Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) have been shown to achieve state-of-the-art performance on various classification tasks. In this paper, we present for the first time a place recognition technique based on CNN models, by combining the powerful features learnt by CNNs with a spatial and sequential filter. A...
computer science
1,323
Predictive Encoding of Contextual Relationships for Perceptual Inference, Interpolation and Prediction
cs.LG
We propose a new neurally-inspired model that can learn to encode the global relationship context of visual events across time and space and to use the contextual information to modulate the analysis by synthesis process in a predictive coding framework. The model learns latent contextual representations by maximizing ...
computer science
1,324
Understanding image representations by measuring their equivariance and equivalence
cs.CV
Despite the importance of image representations such as histograms of oriented gradients and deep Convolutional Neural Networks (CNN), our theoretical understanding of them remains limited. Aiming at filling this gap, we investigate three key mathematical properties of representations: equivariance, invariance, and equ...
computer science
1,325
Learning to Generate Chairs, Tables and Cars with Convolutional Networks
cs.CV
We train generative 'up-convolutional' neural networks which are able to generate images of objects given object style, viewpoint, and color. We train the networks on rendered 3D models of chairs, tables, and cars. Our experiments show that the networks do not merely learn all images by heart, but rather find a meaning...
computer science
1,326
Fisher Kernel for Deep Neural Activations
cs.CV
Compared to image representation based on low-level local descriptors, deep neural activations of Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) are richer in mid-level representation, but poorer in geometric invariance properties. In this paper, we present a straightforward framework for better image representation by combining...
computer science
1,327
Object Recognition Using Deep Neural Networks: A Survey
cs.CV
Recognition of objects using Deep Neural Networks is an active area of research and many breakthroughs have been made in the last few years. The paper attempts to indicate how far this field has progressed. The paper briefly describes the history of research in Neural Networks and describe several of the recent advance...
computer science
1,328
Towards Deep Neural Network Architectures Robust to Adversarial Examples
cs.LG
Recent work has shown deep neural networks (DNNs) to be highly susceptible to well-designed, small perturbations at the input layer, or so-called adversarial examples. Taking images as an example, such distortions are often imperceptible, but can result in 100% mis-classification for a state of the art DNN. We study th...
computer science
1,329
Locally Scale-Invariant Convolutional Neural Networks
cs.CV
Convolutional Neural Networks (ConvNets) have shown excellent results on many visual classification tasks. With the exception of ImageNet, these datasets are carefully crafted such that objects are well-aligned at similar scales. Naturally, the feature learning problem gets more challenging as the amount of variation i...
computer science
1,330
Compressing Deep Convolutional Networks using Vector Quantization
cs.CV
Deep convolutional neural networks (CNN) has become the most promising method for object recognition, repeatedly demonstrating record breaking results for image classification and object detection in recent years. However, a very deep CNN generally involves many layers with millions of parameters, making the storage of...
computer science
1,331
Generative Modeling of Convolutional Neural Networks
cs.CV
The convolutional neural networks (CNNs) have proven to be a powerful tool for discriminative learning. Recently researchers have also started to show interest in the generative aspects of CNNs in order to gain a deeper understanding of what they have learned and how to further improve them. This paper investigates gen...
computer science
1,332
Training Deep Neural Networks on Noisy Labels with Bootstrapping
cs.CV
Current state-of-the-art deep learning systems for visual object recognition and detection use purely supervised training with regularization such as dropout to avoid overfitting. The performance depends critically on the amount of labeled examples, and in current practice the labels are assumed to be unambiguous and a...
computer science
1,333
Contour Detection Using Cost-Sensitive Convolutional Neural Networks
cs.CV
We address the problem of contour detection via per-pixel classifications of edge point. To facilitate the process, the proposed approach leverages with DenseNet, an efficient implementation of multiscale convolutional neural networks (CNNs), to extract an informative feature vector for each pixel and uses an SVM class...
computer science
1,334
Multi-modal Sensor Registration for Vehicle Perception via Deep Neural Networks
cs.CV
The ability to simultaneously leverage multiple modes of sensor information is critical for perception of an automated vehicle's physical surroundings. Spatio-temporal alignment of registration of the incoming information is often a prerequisite to analyzing the fused data. The persistence and reliability of multi-moda...
computer science
1,335
Attention for Fine-Grained Categorization
cs.CV
This paper presents experiments extending the work of Ba et al. (2014) on recurrent neural models for attention into less constrained visual environments, specifically fine-grained categorization on the Stanford Dogs data set. In this work we use an RNN of the same structure but substitute a more powerful visual networ...
computer science
1,336
Fully Convolutional Multi-Class Multiple Instance Learning
cs.CV
Multiple instance learning (MIL) can reduce the need for costly annotation in tasks such as semantic segmentation by weakening the required degree of supervision. We propose a novel MIL formulation of multi-class semantic segmentation learning by a fully convolutional network. In this setting, we seek to learn a semant...
computer science
1,337
Convolutional Neural Networks for joint object detection and pose estimation: A comparative study
cs.CV
In this paper we study the application of convolutional neural networks for jointly detecting objects depicted in still images and estimating their 3D pose. We identify different feature representations of oriented objects, and energies that lead a network to learn this representations. The choice of the representation...
computer science
1,338
Unsupervised Feature Learning with C-SVDDNet
cs.CV
In this paper, we investigate the problem of learning feature representation from unlabeled data using a single-layer K-means network. A K-means network maps the input data into a feature representation by finding the nearest centroid for each input point, which has attracted researchers' great attention recently due t...
computer science
1,339
Transformation Properties of Learned Visual Representations
cs.LG
When a three-dimensional object moves relative to an observer, a change occurs on the observer's image plane and in the visual representation computed by a learned model. Starting with the idea that a good visual representation is one that transforms linearly under scene motions, we show, using the theory of group repr...
computer science
1,340
Multiple Object Recognition with Visual Attention
cs.LG
We present an attention-based model for recognizing multiple objects in images. The proposed model is a deep recurrent neural network trained with reinforcement learning to attend to the most relevant regions of the input image. We show that the model learns to both localize and recognize multiple objects despite being...
computer science
1,341
Fast, simple and accurate handwritten digit classification by training shallow neural network classifiers with the 'extreme learning machine' algorithm
cs.NE
Recent advances in training deep (multi-layer) architectures have inspired a renaissance in neural network use. For example, deep convolutional networks are becoming the default option for difficult tasks on large datasets, such as image and speech recognition. However, here we show that error rates below 1% on the MNI...
computer science
1,342
Sparse Deep Stacking Network for Image Classification
cs.CV
Sparse coding can learn good robust representation to noise and model more higher-order representation for image classification. However, the inference algorithm is computationally expensive even though the supervised signals are used to learn compact and discriminative dictionaries in sparse coding techniques. Luckily...
computer science
1,343
Implementation of Training Convolutional Neural Networks
cs.CV
Deep learning refers to the shining branch of machine learning that is based on learning levels of representations. Convolutional Neural Networks (CNN) is one kind of deep neural network. It can study concurrently. In this article, we gave a detailed analysis of the process of CNN algorithm both the forward process and...
computer science
1,344
Inverting Visual Representations with Convolutional Networks
cs.NE
Feature representations, both hand-designed and learned ones, are often hard to analyze and interpret, even when they are extracted from visual data. We propose a new approach to study image representations by inverting them with an up-convolutional neural network. We apply the method to shallow representations (HOG, S...
computer science
1,345
Place classification with a graph regularized deep neural network model
cs.RO
Place classification is a fundamental ability that a robot should possess to carry out effective human-robot interactions. It is a nontrivial classification problem which has attracted many research. In recent years, there is a high exploitation of Artificial Intelligent algorithms in robotics applications. Inspired by...
computer science
1,346
Deep Convolutional Networks on Graph-Structured Data
cs.LG
Deep Learning's recent successes have mostly relied on Convolutional Networks, which exploit fundamental statistical properties of images, sounds and video data: the local stationarity and multi-scale compositional structure, that allows expressing long range interactions in terms of shorter, localized interactions. Ho...
computer science
1,347
End-to-end Convolutional Network for Saliency Prediction
cs.CV
The prediction of saliency areas in images has been traditionally addressed with hand crafted features based on neuroscience principles. This paper however addresses the problem with a completely data-driven approach by training a convolutional network. The learning process is formulated as a minimization of a loss fun...
computer science
1,348
Human Pose Estimation with Iterative Error Feedback
cs.CV
Hierarchical feature extractors such as Convolutional Networks (ConvNets) have achieved impressive performance on a variety of classification tasks using purely feedforward processing. Feedforward architectures can learn rich representations of the input space but do not explicitly model dependencies in the output spac...
computer science
1,349
Multimodal Deep Learning for Robust RGB-D Object Recognition
cs.CV
Robust object recognition is a crucial ingredient of many, if not all, real-world robotics applications. This paper leverages recent progress on Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) and proposes a novel RGB-D architecture for object recognition. Our architecture is composed of two separate CNN processing streams - one ...
computer science
1,350
Deep Boosting: Joint Feature Selection and Analysis Dictionary Learning in Hierarchy
cs.CV
This work investigates how the traditional image classification pipelines can be extended into a deep architecture, inspired by recent successes of deep neural networks. We propose a deep boosting framework based on layer-by-layer joint feature boosting and dictionary learning. In each layer, we construct a dictionary ...
computer science
1,351
StochasticNet: Forming Deep Neural Networks via Stochastic Connectivity
cs.CV
Deep neural networks is a branch in machine learning that has seen a meteoric rise in popularity due to its powerful abilities to represent and model high-level abstractions in highly complex data. One area in deep neural networks that is ripe for exploration is neural connectivity formation. A pivotal study on the bra...
computer science
1,352
Deep Convolutional Neural Networks for Smile Recognition
cs.CV
This thesis describes the design and implementation of a smile detector based on deep convolutional neural networks. It starts with a summary of neural networks, the difficulties of training them and new training methods, such as Restricted Boltzmann Machines or autoencoders. It then provides a literature review of con...
computer science
1,353
Towards universal neural nets: Gibbs machines and ACE
cs.CV
We study from a physics viewpoint a class of generative neural nets, Gibbs machines, designed for gradual learning. While including variational auto-encoders, they offer a broader universal platform for incrementally adding newly learned features, including physical symmetries. Their direct connection to statistical ph...
computer science
1,354
Rapid Exact Signal Scanning with Deep Convolutional Neural Networks
cs.LG
A rigorous formulation of the dynamics of a signal processing scheme aimed at dense signal scanning without any loss in accuracy is introduced and analyzed. Related methods proposed in the recent past lack a satisfactory analysis of whether they actually fulfill any exactness constraints. This is improved through an ex...
computer science
1,355
Hierarchical Deep Learning Architecture For 10K Objects Classification
cs.CV
Evolution of visual object recognition architectures based on Convolutional Neural Networks & Convolutional Deep Belief Networks paradigms has revolutionized artificial Vision Science. These architectures extract & learn the real world hierarchical visual features utilizing supervised & unsupervised learning approaches...
computer science
1,356
Deep Attributes from Context-Aware Regional Neural Codes
cs.CV
Recently, many researches employ middle-layer output of convolutional neural network models (CNN) as features for different visual recognition tasks. Although promising results have been achieved in some empirical studies, such type of representations still suffer from the well-known issue of semantic gap. This paper p...
computer science
1,357
Deep Trans-layer Unsupervised Networks for Representation Learning
cs.NE
Learning features from massive unlabelled data is a vast prevalent topic for high-level tasks in many machine learning applications. The recent great improvements on benchmark data sets achieved by increasingly complex unsupervised learning methods and deep learning models with lots of parameters usually requires many ...
computer science
1,358
Compression of Deep Neural Networks on the Fly
cs.LG
Thanks to their state-of-the-art performance, deep neural networks are increasingly used for object recognition. To achieve these results, they use millions of parameters to be trained. However, when targeting embedded applications the size of these models becomes problematic. As a consequence, their usage on smartphon...
computer science
1,359
BinaryConnect: Training Deep Neural Networks with binary weights during propagations
cs.LG
Deep Neural Networks (DNN) have achieved state-of-the-art results in a wide range of tasks, with the best results obtained with large training sets and large models. In the past, GPUs enabled these breakthroughs because of their greater computational speed. In the future, faster computation at both training and test ti...
computer science
1,360
Learning Human Identity from Motion Patterns
cs.LG
We present a large-scale study exploring the capability of temporal deep neural networks to interpret natural human kinematics and introduce the first method for active biometric authentication with mobile inertial sensors. At Google, we have created a first-of-its-kind dataset of human movements, passively collected b...
computer science
1,361
Efficient Training of Very Deep Neural Networks for Supervised Hashing
cs.CV
In this paper, we propose training very deep neural networks (DNNs) for supervised learning of hash codes. Existing methods in this context train relatively "shallow" networks limited by the issues arising in back propagation (e.e. vanishing gradients) as well as computational efficiency. We propose a novel and efficie...
computer science
1,362
Adversarial Manipulation of Deep Representations
cs.CV
We show that the representation of an image in a deep neural network (DNN) can be manipulated to mimic those of other natural images, with only minor, imperceptible perturbations to the original image. Previous methods for generating adversarial images focused on image perturbations designed to produce erroneous class ...
computer science
1,363
Identifying the Absorption Bump with Deep Learning
cs.CV
The pervasive interstellar dust grains provide significant insights to understand the formation and evolution of the stars, planetary systems, and the galaxies, and may harbor the building blocks of life. One of the most effective way to analyze the dust is via their interaction with the light from background sources. ...
computer science
1,364
Competitive Multi-scale Convolution
cs.CV
In this paper, we introduce a new deep convolutional neural network (ConvNet) module that promotes competition among a set of multi-scale convolutional filters. This new module is inspired by the inception module, where we replace the original collaborative pooling stage (consisting of a concatenation of the multi-scal...
computer science
1,365
Semi-supervised Learning for Convolutional Neural Networks via Online Graph Construction
cs.NE
The recent promising achievements of deep learning rely on the large amount of labeled data. Considering the abundance of data on the web, most of them do not have labels at all. Therefore, it is important to improve generalization performance using unlabeled data on supervised tasks with few labeled instances. In this...
computer science
1,366
How much data is needed to train a medical image deep learning system to achieve necessary high accuracy?
cs.LG
The use of Convolutional Neural Networks (CNN) in natural image classification systems has produced very impressive results. Combined with the inherent nature of medical images that make them ideal for deep-learning, further application of such systems to medical image classification holds much promise. However, the us...
computer science
1,367
Delving Deeper into Convolutional Networks for Learning Video Representations
cs.CV
We propose an approach to learn spatio-temporal features in videos from intermediate visual representations we call "percepts" using Gated-Recurrent-Unit Recurrent Networks (GRUs).Our method relies on percepts that are extracted from all level of a deep convolutional network trained on the large ImageNet dataset. While...
computer science
1,368
An Introduction to Convolutional Neural Networks
cs.NE
The field of machine learning has taken a dramatic twist in recent times, with the rise of the Artificial Neural Network (ANN). These biologically inspired computational models are able to far exceed the performance of previous forms of artificial intelligence in common machine learning tasks. One of the most impressiv...
computer science
1,369
Deep Exemplar 2D-3D Detection by Adapting from Real to Rendered Views
cs.CV
This paper presents an end-to-end convolutional neural network (CNN) for 2D-3D exemplar detection. We demonstrate that the ability to adapt the features of natural images to better align with those of CAD rendered views is critical to the success of our technique. We show that the adaptation can be learned by compositi...
computer science
1,370
Pixel Recurrent Neural Networks
cs.CV
Modeling the distribution of natural images is a landmark problem in unsupervised learning. This task requires an image model that is at once expressive, tractable and scalable. We present a deep neural network that sequentially predicts the pixels in an image along the two spatial dimensions. Our method models the dis...
computer science
1,371
Deep Learning For Smile Recognition
cs.CV
Inspired by recent successes of deep learning in computer vision, we propose a novel application of deep convolutional neural networks to facial expression recognition, in particular smile recognition. A smile recognition test accuracy of 99.45% is achieved for the Denver Intensity of Spontaneous Facial Action (DISFA) ...
computer science
1,372
Generating Images with Perceptual Similarity Metrics based on Deep Networks
cs.LG
Image-generating machine learning models are typically trained with loss functions based on distance in the image space. This often leads to over-smoothed results. We propose a class of loss functions, which we call deep perceptual similarity metrics (DeePSiM), that mitigate this problem. Instead of computing distances...
computer science
1,373
Exploiting Cyclic Symmetry in Convolutional Neural Networks
cs.LG
Many classes of images exhibit rotational symmetry. Convolutional neural networks are sometimes trained using data augmentation to exploit this, but they are still required to learn the rotation equivariance properties from the data. Encoding these properties into the network architecture, as we are already used to doi...
computer science
1,374
The Role of Typicality in Object Classification: Improving The Generalization Capacity of Convolutional Neural Networks
cs.CV
Deep artificial neural networks have made remarkable progress in different tasks in the field of computer vision. However, the empirical analysis of these models and investigation of their failure cases has received attention recently. In this work, we show that deep learning models cannot generalize to atypical images...
computer science
1,375
On Study of the Binarized Deep Neural Network for Image Classification
cs.NE
Recently, the deep neural network (derived from the artificial neural network) has attracted many researchers' attention by its outstanding performance. However, since this network requires high-performance GPUs and large storage, it is very hard to use it on individual devices. In order to improve the deep neural netw...
computer science
1,376
A Single Model Explains both Visual and Auditory Precortical Coding
cs.CV
Precortical neural systems encode information collected by the senses, but the driving principles of the encoding used have remained a subject of debate. We present a model of retinal coding that is based on three constraints: information preservation, minimization of the neural wiring, and response equalization. The r...
computer science
1,377
Network Morphism
cs.LG
We present in this paper a systematic study on how to morph a well-trained neural network to a new one so that its network function can be completely preserved. We define this as \emph{network morphism} in this research. After morphing a parent network, the child network is expected to inherit the knowledge from its pa...
computer science
1,378
DROW: Real-Time Deep Learning based Wheelchair Detection in 2D Range Data
cs.RO
We introduce the DROW detector, a deep learning based detector for 2D range data. Laser scanners are lighting invariant, provide accurate range data, and typically cover a large field of view, making them interesting sensors for robotics applications. So far, research on detection in laser range data has been dominated...
computer science
1,379
Efficient forward propagation of time-sequences in convolutional neural networks using Deep Shifting
cs.LG
When a Convolutional Neural Network is used for on-the-fly evaluation of continuously updating time-sequences, many redundant convolution operations are performed. We propose the method of Deep Shifting, which remembers previously calculated results of convolution operations in order to minimize the number of calculati...
computer science
1,380
Evolution of active categorical image classification via saccadic eye movement
cs.CV
Pattern recognition and classification is a central concern for modern information processing systems. In particular, one key challenge to image and video classification has been that the computational cost of image processing scales linearly with the number of pixels in the image or video. Here we present an intellige...
computer science
1,381
Not Just a Black Box: Learning Important Features Through Propagating Activation Differences
cs.LG
Note: This paper describes an older version of DeepLIFT. See https://arxiv.org/abs/1704.02685 for the newer version. Original abstract follows: The purported "black box" nature of neural networks is a barrier to adoption in applications where interpretability is essential. Here we present DeepLIFT (Learning Important F...
computer science
1,382
LightNet: A Versatile, Standalone Matlab-based Environment for Deep Learning
cs.LG
LightNet is a lightweight, versatile and purely Matlab-based deep learning framework. The idea underlying its design is to provide an easy-to-understand, easy-to-use and efficient computational platform for deep learning research. The implemented framework supports major deep learning architectures such as Multilayer P...
computer science
1,383
Deep Action Sequence Learning for Causal Shape Transformation
cs.LG
Deep learning became the method of choice in recent year for solving a wide variety of predictive analytics tasks. For sequence prediction, recurrent neural networks (RNN) are often the go-to architecture for exploiting sequential information where the output is dependent on previous computation. However, the dependenc...
computer science
1,384
Swapout: Learning an ensemble of deep architectures
cs.CV
We describe Swapout, a new stochastic training method, that outperforms ResNets of identical network structure yielding impressive results on CIFAR-10 and CIFAR-100. Swapout samples from a rich set of architectures including dropout, stochastic depth and residual architectures as special cases. When viewed as a regular...
computer science
1,385
Deep Roots: Improving CNN Efficiency with Hierarchical Filter Groups
cs.NE
We propose a new method for creating computationally efficient and compact convolutional neural networks (CNNs) using a novel sparse connection structure that resembles a tree root. This allows a significant reduction in computational cost and number of parameters compared to state-of-the-art deep CNNs, without comprom...
computer science
1,386
Wide Residual Networks
cs.CV
Deep residual networks were shown to be able to scale up to thousands of layers and still have improving performance. However, each fraction of a percent of improved accuracy costs nearly doubling the number of layers, and so training very deep residual networks has a problem of diminishing feature reuse, which makes t...
computer science
1,387
Measuring Neural Net Robustness with Constraints
cs.LG
Despite having high accuracy, neural nets have been shown to be susceptible to adversarial examples, where a small perturbation to an input can cause it to become mislabeled. We propose metrics for measuring the robustness of a neural net and devise a novel algorithm for approximating these metrics based on an encoding...
computer science
1,388
Parametric Exponential Linear Unit for Deep Convolutional Neural Networks
cs.LG
Object recognition is an important task for improving the ability of visual systems to perform complex scene understanding. Recently, the Exponential Linear Unit (ELU) has been proposed as a key component for managing bias shift in Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs), but defines a parameter that must be set by hand. ...
computer science
1,389
Deep convolutional neural networks for predominant instrument recognition in polyphonic music
cs.SD
Identifying musical instruments in polyphonic music recordings is a challenging but important problem in the field of music information retrieval. It enables music search by instrument, helps recognize musical genres, or can make music transcription easier and more accurate. In this paper, we present a convolutional ne...
computer science
1,390
Recursive Autoconvolution for Unsupervised Learning of Convolutional Neural Networks
cs.CV
In visual recognition tasks, such as image classification, unsupervised learning exploits cheap unlabeled data and can help to solve these tasks more efficiently. We show that the recursive autoconvolution operator, adopted from physics, boosts existing unsupervised methods by learning more discriminative filters. We t...
computer science
1,391
Generalizing the Convolution Operator to extend CNNs to Irregular Domains
cs.LG
Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) have become the state-of-the-art in supervised learning vision tasks. Their convolutional filters are of paramount importance for they allow to learn patterns while disregarding their locations in input images. When facing highly irregular domains, generalized convolutional operator...
computer science
1,392
Deep neural networks are robust to weight binarization and other non-linear distortions
cs.NE
Recent results show that deep neural networks achieve excellent performance even when, during training, weights are quantized and projected to a binary representation. Here, we show that this is just the tip of the iceberg: these same networks, during testing, also exhibit a remarkable robustness to distortions beyond ...
computer science
1,393
Systematic evaluation of CNN advances on the ImageNet
cs.NE
The paper systematically studies the impact of a range of recent advances in CNN architectures and learning methods on the object categorization (ILSVRC) problem. The evalution tests the influence of the following choices of the architecture: non-linearity (ReLU, ELU, maxout, compatibility with batch normalization), po...
computer science
1,394
Convolutional Neural Fabrics
cs.CV
Despite the success of CNNs, selecting the optimal architecture for a given task remains an open problem. Instead of aiming to select a single optimal architecture, we propose a "fabric" that embeds an exponentially large number of architectures. The fabric consists of a 3D trellis that connects response maps at differ...
computer science
1,395
Convolution by Evolution: Differentiable Pattern Producing Networks
cs.NE
In this work we introduce a differentiable version of the Compositional Pattern Producing Network, called the DPPN. Unlike a standard CPPN, the topology of a DPPN is evolved but the weights are learned. A Lamarckian algorithm, that combines evolution and learning, produces DPPNs to reconstruct an image. Our main result...
computer science
1,396
Inverting face embeddings with convolutional neural networks
cs.CV
Deep neural networks have dramatically advanced the state of the art for many areas of machine learning. Recently they have been shown to have a remarkable ability to generate highly complex visual artifacts such as images and text rather than simply recognize them. In this work we use neural networks to effectively ...
computer science
1,397
Sequence to sequence learning for unconstrained scene text recognition
cs.CV
In this work we present a state-of-the-art approach for unconstrained natural scene text recognition. We propose a cascade approach that incorporates a convolutional neural network (CNN) architecture followed by a long short term memory model (LSTM). The CNN learns visual features for the characters and uses them with ...
computer science
1,398
Hierarchical Multi-resolution Mesh Networks for Brain Decoding
cs.NE
We propose a new framework, called Hierarchical Multi-resolution Mesh Networks (HMMNs), which establishes a set of brain networks at multiple time resolutions of fMRI signal to represent the underlying cognitive process. The suggested framework, first, decomposes the fMRI signal into various frequency subbands using wa...
computer science
1,399
Early Methods for Detecting Adversarial Images
cs.LG
Many machine learning classifiers are vulnerable to adversarial perturbations. An adversarial perturbation modifies an input to change a classifier's prediction without causing the input to seem substantially different to human perception. We deploy three methods to detect adversarial images. Adversaries trying to bypa...
computer science