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1,200
Compressing Convolutional Neural Networks
cs.LG
Convolutional neural networks (CNN) are increasingly used in many areas of computer vision. They are particularly attractive because of their ability to "absorb" great quantities of labeled data through millions of parameters. However, as model sizes increase, so do the storage and memory requirements of the classifier...
computer science
1,201
Understanding Neural Networks Through Deep Visualization
cs.CV
Recent years have produced great advances in training large, deep neural networks (DNNs), including notable successes in training convolutional neural networks (convnets) to recognize natural images. However, our understanding of how these models work, especially what computations they perform at intermediate layers, h...
computer science
1,202
Massively Deep Artificial Neural Networks for Handwritten Digit Recognition
cs.CV
Greedy Restrictive Boltzmann Machines yield an fairly low 0.72% error rate on the famous MNIST database of handwritten digits. All that was required to achieve this result was a high number of hidden layers consisting of many neurons, and a graphics card to greatly speed up the rate of learning.
computer science
1,203
Compression of Fully-Connected Layer in Neural Network by Kronecker Product
cs.NE
In this paper we propose and study a technique to reduce the number of parameters and computation time in fully-connected layers of neural networks using Kronecker product, at a mild cost of the prediction quality. The technique proceeds by replacing Fully-Connected layers with so-called Kronecker Fully-Connected layer...
computer science
1,204
Deep Learning for Single-View Instance Recognition
cs.CV
Deep learning methods have typically been trained on large datasets in which many training examples are available. However, many real-world product datasets have only a small number of images available for each product. We explore the use of deep learning methods for recognizing object instances when we have only a sin...
computer science
1,205
A Visual Embedding for the Unsupervised Extraction of Abstract Semantics
cs.CV
Vector-space word representations obtained from neural network models have been shown to enable semantic operations based on vector arithmetic. In this paper, we explore the existence of similar information on vector representations of images. For that purpose we define a methodology to obtain large, sparse vector repr...
computer science
1,206
On the Importance of Normalisation Layers in Deep Learning with Piecewise Linear Activation Units
cs.CV
Deep feedforward neural networks with piecewise linear activations are currently producing the state-of-the-art results in several public datasets. The combination of deep learning models and piecewise linear activation functions allows for the estimation of exponentially complex functions with the use of a large numbe...
computer science
1,207
Do Deep Neural Networks Learn Facial Action Units When Doing Expression Recognition?
cs.CV
Despite being the appearance-based classifier of choice in recent years, relatively few works have examined how much convolutional neural networks (CNNs) can improve performance on accepted expression recognition benchmarks and, more importantly, examine what it is they actually learn. In this work, not only do we show...
computer science
1,208
Stereo Matching by Training a Convolutional Neural Network to Compare Image Patches
cs.CV
We present a method for extracting depth information from a rectified image pair. Our approach focuses on the first stage of many stereo algorithms: the matching cost computation. We approach the problem by learning a similarity measure on small image patches using a convolutional neural network. Training is carried ou...
computer science
1,209
ZNN - A Fast and Scalable Algorithm for Training 3D Convolutional Networks on Multi-Core and Many-Core Shared Memory Machines
cs.NE
Convolutional networks (ConvNets) have become a popular approach to computer vision. It is important to accelerate ConvNet training, which is computationally costly. We propose a novel parallel algorithm based on decomposition into a set of tasks, most of which are convolutions or FFTs. Applying Brent's theorem to the ...
computer science
1,210
SegNet: A Deep Convolutional Encoder-Decoder Architecture for Image Segmentation
cs.CV
We present a novel and practical deep fully convolutional neural network architecture for semantic pixel-wise segmentation termed SegNet. This core trainable segmentation engine consists of an encoder network, a corresponding decoder network followed by a pixel-wise classification layer. The architecture of the encoder...
computer science
1,211
Visual7W: Grounded Question Answering in Images
cs.CV
We have seen great progress in basic perceptual tasks such as object recognition and detection. However, AI models still fail to match humans in high-level vision tasks due to the lack of capacities for deeper reasoning. Recently the new task of visual question answering (QA) has been proposed to evaluate a model's cap...
computer science
1,212
Deep learning is a good steganalysis tool when embedding key is reused for different images, even if there is a cover source-mismatch
cs.MM
Since the BOSS competition, in 2010, most steganalysis approaches use a learning methodology involving two steps: feature extraction, such as the Rich Models (RM), for the image representation, and use of the Ensemble Classifier (EC) for the learning step. In 2015, Qian et al. have shown that the use of a deep learning...
computer science
1,213
Structural-RNN: Deep Learning on Spatio-Temporal Graphs
cs.CV
Deep Recurrent Neural Network architectures, though remarkably capable at modeling sequences, lack an intuitive high-level spatio-temporal structure. That is while many problems in computer vision inherently have an underlying high-level structure and can benefit from it. Spatio-temporal graphs are a popular tool for i...
computer science
1,214
Learning Neural Network Architectures using Backpropagation
cs.LG
Deep neural networks with millions of parameters are at the heart of many state of the art machine learning models today. However, recent works have shown that models with much smaller number of parameters can also perform just as well. In this work, we introduce the problem of architecture-learning, i.e; learning the ...
computer science
1,215
Variable Rate Image Compression with Recurrent Neural Networks
cs.CV
A large fraction of Internet traffic is now driven by requests from mobile devices with relatively small screens and often stringent bandwidth requirements. Due to these factors, it has become the norm for modern graphics-heavy websites to transmit low-resolution, low-bytecount image previews (thumbnails) as part of th...
computer science
1,216
Why M Heads are Better than One: Training a Diverse Ensemble of Deep Networks
cs.CV
Convolutional Neural Networks have achieved state-of-the-art performance on a wide range of tasks. Most benchmarks are led by ensembles of these powerful learners, but ensembling is typically treated as a post-hoc procedure implemented by averaging independently trained models with model variation induced by bagging or...
computer science
1,217
Training CNNs with Low-Rank Filters for Efficient Image Classification
cs.CV
We propose a new method for creating computationally efficient convolutional neural networks (CNNs) by using low-rank representations of convolutional filters. Rather than approximating filters in previously-trained networks with more efficient versions, we learn a set of small basis filters from scratch; during traini...
computer science
1,218
Gradual DropIn of Layers to Train Very Deep Neural Networks
cs.NE
We introduce the concept of dynamically growing a neural network during training. In particular, an untrainable deep network starts as a trainable shallow network and newly added layers are slowly, organically added during training, thereby increasing the network's depth. This is accomplished by a new layer, which we c...
computer science
1,219
LocNet: Improving Localization Accuracy for Object Detection
cs.CV
We propose a novel object localization methodology with the purpose of boosting the localization accuracy of state-of-the-art object detection systems. Our model, given a search region, aims at returning the bounding box of an object of interest inside this region. To accomplish its goal, it relies on assigning conditi...
computer science
1,220
Towards Dropout Training for Convolutional Neural Networks
cs.LG
Recently, dropout has seen increasing use in deep learning. For deep convolutional neural networks, dropout is known to work well in fully-connected layers. However, its effect in convolutional and pooling layers is still not clear. This paper demonstrates that max-pooling dropout is equivalent to randomly picking acti...
computer science
1,221
Predicting and visualizing psychological attributions with a deep neural network
cs.CV
Judgments about personality based on facial appearance are strong effectors in social decision making, and are known to have impact on areas from presidential elections to jury decisions. Recent work has shown that it is possible to predict perception of memorability, trustworthiness, intelligence and other attributes ...
computer science
1,222
Max-Pooling Dropout for Regularization of Convolutional Neural Networks
cs.LG
Recently, dropout has seen increasing use in deep learning. For deep convolutional neural networks, dropout is known to work well in fully-connected layers. However, its effect in pooling layers is still not clear. This paper demonstrates that max-pooling dropout is equivalent to randomly picking activation based on a ...
computer science
1,223
Creation of a Deep Convolutional Auto-Encoder in Caffe
cs.NE
The development of a deep (stacked) convolutional auto-encoder in the Caffe deep learning framework is presented in this paper. We describe simple principles which we used to create this model in Caffe. The proposed model of convolutional auto-encoder does not have pooling/unpooling layers yet. The results of our exper...
computer science
1,224
Affinity CNN: Learning Pixel-Centric Pairwise Relations for Figure/Ground Embedding
cs.CV
Spectral embedding provides a framework for solving perceptual organization problems, including image segmentation and figure/ground organization. From an affinity matrix describing pairwise relationships between pixels, it clusters pixels into regions, and, using a complex-valued extension, orders pixels according to ...
computer science
1,225
On non-iterative training of a neural classifier
cs.CV
Recently an algorithm, was discovered, which separates points in n-dimension by planes in such a manner that no two points are left un-separated by at least one plane{[}1-3{]}. By using this new algorithm we show that there are two ways of classification by a neural network, for a large dimension feature space, both of...
computer science
1,226
GraphConnect: A Regularization Framework for Neural Networks
cs.CV
Deep neural networks have proved very successful in domains where large training sets are available, but when the number of training samples is small, their performance suffers from overfitting. Prior methods of reducing overfitting such as weight decay, Dropout and DropConnect are data-independent. This paper proposes...
computer science
1,227
Recent Advances in Convolutional Neural Networks
cs.CV
In the last few years, deep learning has led to very good performance on a variety of problems, such as visual recognition, speech recognition and natural language processing. Among different types of deep neural networks, convolutional neural networks have been most extensively studied. Leveraging on the rapid growth ...
computer science
1,228
Brain-Inspired Deep Networks for Image Aesthetics Assessment
cs.CV
Image aesthetics assessment has been challenging due to its subjective nature. Inspired by the scientific advances in the human visual perception and neuroaesthetics, we design Brain-Inspired Deep Networks (BDN) for this task. BDN first learns attributes through the parallel supervised pathways, on a variety of selecte...
computer science
1,229
Automatic Moth Detection from Trap Images for Pest Management
cs.CV
Monitoring the number of insect pests is a crucial component in pheromone-based pest management systems. In this paper, we propose an automatic detection pipeline based on deep learning for identifying and counting pests in images taken inside field traps. Applied to a commercial codling moth dataset, our method shows ...
computer science
1,230
Learning Typographic Style
cs.CV
Typography is a ubiquitous art form that affects our understanding, perception, and trust in what we read. Thousands of different font-faces have been created with enormous variations in the characters. In this paper, we learn the style of a font by analyzing a small subset of only four letters. From these four letters...
computer science
1,231
Early Detection of Combustion Instabilities using Deep Convolutional Selective Autoencoders on Hi-speed Flame Video
cs.CV
This paper proposes an end-to-end convolutional selective autoencoder approach for early detection of combustion instabilities using rapidly arriving flame image frames. The instabilities arising in combustion processes cause significant deterioration and safety issues in various human-engineered systems such as land a...
computer science
1,232
Sparse Activity and Sparse Connectivity in Supervised Learning
cs.LG
Sparseness is a useful regularizer for learning in a wide range of applications, in particular in neural networks. This paper proposes a model targeted at classification tasks, where sparse activity and sparse connectivity are used to enhance classification capabilities. The tool for achieving this is a sparseness-enfo...
computer science
1,233
Deep Networks with Stochastic Depth
cs.LG
Very deep convolutional networks with hundreds of layers have led to significant reductions in error on competitive benchmarks. Although the unmatched expressiveness of the many layers can be highly desirable at test time, training very deep networks comes with its own set of challenges. The gradients can vanish, the f...
computer science
1,234
Accelerating Deep Learning with Shrinkage and Recall
cs.LG
Deep Learning is a very powerful machine learning model. Deep Learning trains a large number of parameters for multiple layers and is very slow when data is in large scale and the architecture size is large. Inspired from the shrinking technique used in accelerating computation of Support Vector Machines (SVM) algorith...
computer science
1,235
Ristretto: Hardware-Oriented Approximation of Convolutional Neural Networks
cs.CV
Convolutional neural networks (CNN) have achieved major breakthroughs in recent years. Their performance in computer vision have matched and in some areas even surpassed human capabilities. Deep neural networks can capture complex non-linear features; however this ability comes at the cost of high computational and mem...
computer science
1,236
SNN: Stacked Neural Networks
cs.LG
It has been proven that transfer learning provides an easy way to achieve state-of-the-art accuracies on several vision tasks by training a simple classifier on top of features obtained from pre-trained neural networks. The goal of this work is to generate better features for transfer learning from multiple publicly av...
computer science
1,237
Improved Techniques for Training GANs
cs.LG
We present a variety of new architectural features and training procedures that we apply to the generative adversarial networks (GANs) framework. We focus on two applications of GANs: semi-supervised learning, and the generation of images that humans find visually realistic. Unlike most work on generative models, our p...
computer science
1,238
A Powerful Generative Model Using Random Weights for the Deep Image Representation
cs.CV
To what extent is the success of deep visualization due to the training? Could we do deep visualization using untrained, random weight networks? To address this issue, we explore new and powerful generative models for three popular deep visualization tasks using untrained, random weight convolutional neural networks. F...
computer science
1,239
Network Trimming: A Data-Driven Neuron Pruning Approach towards Efficient Deep Architectures
cs.NE
State-of-the-art neural networks are getting deeper and wider. While their performance increases with the increasing number of layers and neurons, it is crucial to design an efficient deep architecture in order to reduce computational and memory costs. Designing an efficient neural network, however, is labor intensive ...
computer science
1,240
CNN-based Patch Matching for Optical Flow with Thresholded Hinge Embedding Loss
cs.CV
Learning based approaches have not yet achieved their full potential in optical flow estimation, where their performance still trails heuristic approaches. In this paper, we present a CNN based patch matching approach for optical flow estimation. An important contribution of our approach is a novel thresholded loss for...
computer science
1,241
Attention Tree: Learning Hierarchies of Visual Features for Large-Scale Image Recognition
cs.CV
One of the key challenges in machine learning is to design a computationally efficient multi-class classifier while maintaining the output accuracy and performance. In this paper, we present a tree-based classifier: Attention Tree (ATree) for large-scale image classification that uses recursive Adaboost training to con...
computer science
1,242
OnionNet: Sharing Features in Cascaded Deep Classifiers
cs.CV
The focus of our work is speeding up evaluation of deep neural networks in retrieval scenarios, where conventional architectures may spend too much time on negative examples. We propose to replace a monolithic network with our novel cascade of feature-sharing deep classifiers, called OnionNet, where subsequent stages m...
computer science
1,243
Dynamic Network Surgery for Efficient DNNs
cs.NE
Deep learning has become a ubiquitous technology to improve machine intelligence. However, most of the existing deep models are structurally very complex, making them difficult to be deployed on the mobile platforms with limited computational power. In this paper, we propose a novel network compression method called dy...
computer science
1,244
A Deep Metric for Multimodal Registration
cs.CV
Multimodal registration is a challenging problem in medical imaging due the high variability of tissue appearance under different imaging modalities. The crucial component here is the choice of the right similarity measure. We make a step towards a general learning-based solution that can be adapted to specific situati...
computer science
1,245
Memory-augmented Attention Modelling for Videos
cs.CV
We present a method to improve video description generation by modeling higher-order interactions between video frames and described concepts. By storing past visual attention in the video associated to previously generated words, the system is able to decide what to look at and describe in light of what it has already...
computer science
1,246
DelugeNets: Deep Networks with Efficient and Flexible Cross-layer Information Inflows
cs.CV
Deluge Networks (DelugeNets) are deep neural networks which efficiently facilitate massive cross-layer information inflows from preceding layers to succeeding layers. The connections between layers in DelugeNets are established through cross-layer depthwise convolutional layers with learnable filters, acting as a flexi...
computer science
1,247
Learning the Number of Neurons in Deep Networks
cs.CV
Nowadays, the number of layers and of neurons in each layer of a deep network are typically set manually. While very deep and wide networks have proven effective in general, they come at a high memory and computation cost, thus making them impractical for constrained platforms. These networks, however, are known to hav...
computer science
1,248
Multigrid Neural Architectures
cs.CV
We propose a multigrid extension of convolutional neural networks (CNNs). Rather than manipulating representations living on a single spatial grid, our network layers operate across scale space, on a pyramid of grids. They consume multigrid inputs and produce multigrid outputs; convolutional filters themselves have bot...
computer science
1,249
Demystifying Neural Style Transfer
cs.CV
Neural Style Transfer has recently demonstrated very exciting results which catches eyes in both academia and industry. Despite the amazing results, the principle of neural style transfer, especially why the Gram matrices could represent style remains unclear. In this paper, we propose a novel interpretation of neural ...
computer science
1,250
A Deep Convolutional Auto-Encoder with Pooling - Unpooling Layers in Caffe
cs.NE
This paper presents the development of several models of a deep convolutional auto-encoder in the Caffe deep learning framework and their experimental evaluation on the example of MNIST dataset. We have created five models of a convolutional auto-encoder which differ architecturally by the presence or absence of poolin...
computer science
1,251
Optimization on Product Submanifolds of Convolution Kernels
cs.CV
Recent advances in optimization methods used for training convolutional neural networks (CNNs) with kernels, which are normalized according to particular constraints, have shown remarkable success. This work introduces an approach for training CNNs using ensembles of joint spaces of kernels constructed using different ...
computer science
1,252
All You Need is Beyond a Good Init: Exploring Better Solution for Training Extremely Deep Convolutional Neural Networks with Orthonormality and Modulation
cs.CV
Deep neural network is difficult to train and this predicament becomes worse as the depth increases. The essence of this problem exists in the magnitude of backpropagated errors that will result in gradient vanishing or exploding phenomenon. We show that a variant of regularizer which utilizes orthonormality among diff...
computer science
1,253
Tree Memory Networks for Modelling Long-term Temporal Dependencies
cs.LG
In the domain of sequence modelling, Recurrent Neural Networks (RNN) have been capable of achieving impressive results in a variety of application areas including visual question answering, part-of-speech tagging and machine translation. However this success in modelling short term dependencies has not successfully tra...
computer science
1,254
Semantic3D.net: A new Large-scale Point Cloud Classification Benchmark
cs.CV
This paper presents a new 3D point cloud classification benchmark data set with over four billion manually labelled points, meant as input for data-hungry (deep) learning methods. We also discuss first submissions to the benchmark that use deep convolutional neural networks (CNNs) as a work horse, which already show re...
computer science
1,255
Introspective Generative Modeling: Decide Discriminatively
cs.CV
We study unsupervised learning by developing introspective generative modeling (IGM) that attains a generator using progressively learned deep convolutional neural networks. The generator is itself a discriminator, capable of introspection: being able to self-evaluate the difference between its generated samples and th...
computer science
1,256
Espresso: Efficient Forward Propagation for BCNNs
cs.DC
There are many applications scenarios for which the computational performance and memory footprint of the prediction phase of Deep Neural Networks (DNNs) needs to be optimized. Binary Neural Networks (BDNNs) have been shown to be an effective way of achieving this objective. In this paper, we show how Convolutional Neu...
computer science
1,257
BMXNet: An Open-Source Binary Neural Network Implementation Based on MXNet
cs.LG
Binary Neural Networks (BNNs) can drastically reduce memory size and accesses by applying bit-wise operations instead of standard arithmetic operations. Therefore it could significantly improve the efficiency and lower the energy consumption at runtime, which enables the application of state-of-the-art deep learning mo...
computer science
1,258
Learning Local Receptive Fields and their Weight Sharing Scheme on Graphs
cs.LG
We propose a simple and generic layer formulation that extends the properties of convolutional layers to any domain that can be described by a graph. Namely, we use the support of its adjacency matrix to design learnable weight sharing filters able to exploit the underlying structure of signals in the same fashion as f...
computer science
1,259
DarkRank: Accelerating Deep Metric Learning via Cross Sample Similarities Transfer
cs.CV
We have witnessed rapid evolution of deep neural network architecture design in the past years. These latest progresses greatly facilitate the developments in various areas such as computer vision and natural language processing. However, along with the extraordinary performance, these state-of-the-art models also brin...
computer science
1,260
BranchyNet: Fast Inference via Early Exiting from Deep Neural Networks
cs.NE
Deep neural networks are state of the art methods for many learning tasks due to their ability to extract increasingly better features at each network layer. However, the improved performance of additional layers in a deep network comes at the cost of added latency and energy usage in feedforward inference. As networks...
computer science
1,261
Deep Convolutional Neural Networks as Generic Feature Extractors
cs.CV
Recognizing objects in natural images is an intricate problem involving multiple conflicting objectives. Deep convolutional neural networks, trained on large datasets, achieve convincing results and are currently the state-of-the-art approach for this task. However, the long time needed to train such deep networks is a...
computer science
1,262
Generic 3D Representation via Pose Estimation and Matching
cs.CV
Though a large body of computer vision research has investigated developing generic semantic representations, efforts towards developing a similar representation for 3D has been limited. In this paper, we learn a generic 3D representation through solving a set of foundational proxy 3D tasks: object-centric camera pose ...
computer science
1,263
Adversarial Deep Structured Nets for Mass Segmentation from Mammograms
cs.CV
Mass segmentation provides effective morphological features which are important for mass diagnosis. In this work, we propose a novel end-to-end network for mammographic mass segmentation which employs a fully convolutional network (FCN) to model a potential function, followed by a CRF to perform structured learning. Be...
computer science
1,264
Deep Learning as a Mixed Convex-Combinatorial Optimization Problem
cs.LG
As neural networks grow deeper and wider, learning networks with hard-threshold activations is becoming increasingly important, both for network quantization, which can drastically reduce time and energy requirements, and for creating large integrated systems of deep networks, which may have non-differentiable componen...
computer science
1,265
Routing Networks: Adaptive Selection of Non-linear Functions for Multi-Task Learning
cs.LG
Multi-task learning (MTL) with neural networks leverages commonalities in tasks to improve performance, but often suffers from task interference which reduces the benefits of transfer. To address this issue we introduce the routing network paradigm, a novel neural network and training algorithm. A routing network is a ...
computer science
1,266
Apprentice: Using Knowledge Distillation Techniques To Improve Low-Precision Network Accuracy
cs.LG
Deep learning networks have achieved state-of-the-art accuracies on computer vision workloads like image classification and object detection. The performant systems, however, typically involve big models with numerous parameters. Once trained, a challenging aspect for such top performing models is deployment on resourc...
computer science
1,267
"Zero-Shot" Super-Resolution using Deep Internal Learning
cs.CV
Deep Learning has led to a dramatic leap in Super-Resolution (SR) performance in the past few years. However, being supervised, these SR methods are restricted to specific training data, where the acquisition of the low-resolution (LR) images from their high-resolution (HR) counterparts is predetermined (e.g., bicubic ...
computer science
1,268
Dynamic Weight Alignment for Convolutional Neural Networks
cs.CV
In this paper, we propose a method of improving Convolutional Neural Networks (CNN) by determining the optimal alignment of weights and inputs using dynamic programming. Conventional CNNs convolve learnable shared weights, or filters, across the input data. The filters use a linear matching of weights to inputs using a...
computer science
1,269
Towards automated patient data cleaning using deep learning: A feasibility study on the standardization of organ labeling
cs.CV
Data cleaning consumes about 80% of the time spent on data analysis for clinical research projects. This is a much bigger problem in the era of big data and machine learning in the field of medicine where large volumes of data are being generated. We report an initial effort towards automated patient data cleaning usin...
computer science
1,270
StressedNets: Efficient Feature Representations via Stress-induced Evolutionary Synthesis of Deep Neural Networks
cs.CV
The computational complexity of leveraging deep neural networks for extracting deep feature representations is a significant barrier to its widespread adoption, particularly for use in embedded devices. One particularly promising strategy to addressing the complexity issue is the notion of evolutionary synthesis of dee...
computer science
1,271
DeepLung: Deep 3D Dual Path Nets for Automated Pulmonary Nodule Detection and Classification
cs.CV
In this work, we present a fully automated lung computed tomography (CT) cancer diagnosis system, DeepLung. DeepLung consists of two components, nodule detection (identifying the locations of candidate nodules) and classification (classifying candidate nodules into benign or malignant). Considering the 3D nature of lun...
computer science
1,272
Automatic construction of Chinese herbal prescription from tongue image via CNNs and auxiliary latent therapy topics
cs.CV
The tongue image is an important physical information of human, it is of great importance to the diagnosis and treatment in clinical medicine. Herbal prescriptions are simple, noninvasive and low side effects, and are widely applied in China. Researches on automatic construction technology of herbal prescription based ...
computer science
1,273
Universal Deep Neural Network Compression
cs.CV
Compression of deep neural networks (DNNs) for memory- and computation-efficient compact feature representations becomes a critical problem particularly for deployment of DNNs on resource-limited platforms. In this paper, we investigate lossy compression of DNNs by weight quantization and lossless source coding for mem...
computer science
1,274
Plummer Autoencoders
cs.LG
Estimating the true density in high-dimensional feature spaces is a well-known problem in machine learning. This work shows that it is possible to formulate the optimization problem as a minimization and use the representational power of neural networks to learn very complex densities. A theoretical bound on the estima...
computer science
1,275
Analyzing and Mitigating the Impact of Permanent Faults on a Systolic Array Based Neural Network Accelerator
cs.LG
Due to their growing popularity and computational cost, deep neural networks (DNNs) are being targeted for hardware acceleration. A popular architecture for DNN acceleration, adopted by the Google Tensor Processing Unit (TPU), utilizes a systolic array based matrix multiplication unit at its core. This paper deals with...
computer science
1,276
Efficient Sparse-Winograd Convolutional Neural Networks
cs.CV
Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) are computationally intensive, which limits their application on mobile devices. Their energy is dominated by the number of multiplies needed to perform the convolutions. Winograd's minimal filtering algorithm (Lavin, 2015) and network pruning (Han et al., 2015) can reduce the opera...
computer science
1,277
On Lyapunov exponents and adversarial perturbation
cs.CV
In this paper, we would like to disseminate a serendipitous discovery involving Lyapunov exponents of a 1-D time series and their use in serving as a filtering defense tool against a specific kind of deep adversarial perturbation. To this end, we use the state-of-the-art CleverHans library to generate adversarial pertu...
computer science
1,278
Demystifying Parallel and Distributed Deep Learning: An In-Depth Concurrency Analysis
cs.LG
Deep Neural Networks (DNNs) are becoming an important tool in modern computing applications. Accelerating their training is a major challenge and techniques range from distributed algorithms to low-level circuit design. In this survey, we describe the problem from a theoretical perspective, followed by approaches for i...
computer science
1,279
Robust Combining of Disparate Classifiers through Order Statistics
cs.LG
Integrating the outputs of multiple classifiers via combiners or meta-learners has led to substantial improvements in several difficult pattern recognition problems. In the typical setting investigated till now, each classifier is trained on data taken or resampled from a common data set, or (almost) randomly selected ...
computer science
1,280
Deep Self-Taught Learning for Handwritten Character Recognition
cs.LG
Recent theoretical and empirical work in statistical machine learning has demonstrated the importance of learning algorithms for deep architectures, i.e., function classes obtained by composing multiple non-linear transformations. Self-taught learning (exploiting unlabeled examples or examples from other distributions)...
computer science
1,281
A New 2.5D Representation for Lymph Node Detection using Random Sets of Deep Convolutional Neural Network Observations
cs.CV
Automated Lymph Node (LN) detection is an important clinical diagnostic task but very challenging due to the low contrast of surrounding structures in Computed Tomography (CT) and to their varying sizes, poses, shapes and sparsely distributed locations. State-of-the-art studies show the performance range of 52.9% sensi...
computer science
1,282
Heterogeneous Multi-task Learning for Human Pose Estimation with Deep Convolutional Neural Network
cs.CV
We propose an heterogeneous multi-task learning framework for human pose estimation from monocular image with deep convolutional neural network. In particular, we simultaneously learn a pose-joint regressor and a sliding-window body-part detector in a deep network architecture. We show that including the body-part dete...
computer science
1,283
Discriminative Unsupervised Feature Learning with Exemplar Convolutional Neural Networks
cs.LG
Deep convolutional networks have proven to be very successful in learning task specific features that allow for unprecedented performance on various computer vision tasks. Training of such networks follows mostly the supervised learning paradigm, where sufficiently many input-output pairs are required for training. Acq...
computer science
1,284
Improving neural networks by preventing co-adaptation of feature detectors
cs.NE
When a large feedforward neural network is trained on a small training set, it typically performs poorly on held-out test data. This "overfitting" is greatly reduced by randomly omitting half of the feature detectors on each training case. This prevents complex co-adaptations in which a feature detector is only helpful...
computer science
1,285
A New Training Algorithm for Kanerva's Sparse Distributed Memory
cs.CV
The Sparse Distributed Memory proposed by Pentii Kanerva (SDM in short) was thought to be a model of human long term memory. The architecture of the SDM permits to store binary patterns and to retrieve them using partially matching patterns. However Kanerva's model is especially efficient only in handling random data. ...
computer science
1,286
Accelerating Very Deep Convolutional Networks for Classification and Detection
cs.CV
This paper aims to accelerate the test-time computation of convolutional neural networks (CNNs), especially very deep CNNs that have substantially impacted the computer vision community. Unlike previous methods that are designed for approximating linear filters or linear responses, our method takes the nonlinear units ...
computer science
1,287
Boosting-like Deep Learning For Pedestrian Detection
cs.CV
This paper proposes boosting-like deep learning (BDL) framework for pedestrian detection. Due to overtraining on the limited training samples, overfitting is a major problem of deep learning. We incorporate a boosting-like technique into deep learning to weigh the training samples, and thus prevent overtraining in the ...
computer science
1,288
Finding Optimal Combination of Kernels using Genetic Programming
cs.CV
In Computer Vision, problem of identifying or classifying the objects present in an image is called Object Categorization. It is a challenging problem, especially when the images have clutter background, occlusions or different lighting conditions. Many vision features have been proposed which aid object categorization...
computer science
1,289
Visualization Regularizers for Neural Network based Image Recognition
cs.LG
The success of deep neural networks is mostly due their ability to learn meaningful features from the data. Features learned in the hidden layers of deep neural networks trained in computer vision tasks have been shown to be similar to mid-level vision features. We leverage this fact in this work and propose the visual...
computer science
1,290
Reservoir computing for spatiotemporal signal classification without trained output weights
cs.NE
Reservoir computing is a recently introduced machine learning paradigm that has been shown to be well-suited for the processing of spatiotemporal data. Rather than training the network node connections and weights via backpropagation in traditional recurrent neural networks, reservoirs instead have fixed connections an...
computer science
1,291
Self-taught learning of a deep invariant representation for visual tracking via temporal slowness principle
cs.CV
Visual representation is crucial for a visual tracking method's performances. Conventionally, visual representations adopted in visual tracking rely on hand-crafted computer vision descriptors. These descriptors were developed generically without considering tracking-specific information. In this paper, we propose to l...
computer science
1,292
CNN-RNN: A Unified Framework for Multi-label Image Classification
cs.CV
While deep convolutional neural networks (CNNs) have shown a great success in single-label image classification, it is important to note that real world images generally contain multiple labels, which could correspond to different objects, scenes, actions and attributes in an image. Traditional approaches to multi-labe...
computer science
1,293
Efficient Dictionary Learning with Sparseness-Enforcing Projections
cs.LG
Learning dictionaries suitable for sparse coding instead of using engineered bases has proven effective in a variety of image processing tasks. This paper studies the optimization of dictionaries on image data where the representation is enforced to be explicitly sparse with respect to a smooth, normalized sparseness m...
computer science
1,294
End to End Learning for Self-Driving Cars
cs.CV
We trained a convolutional neural network (CNN) to map raw pixels from a single front-facing camera directly to steering commands. This end-to-end approach proved surprisingly powerful. With minimum training data from humans the system learns to drive in traffic on local roads with or without lane markings and on highw...
computer science
1,295
Deeply Coupled Auto-encoder Networks for Cross-view Classification
cs.CV
The comparison of heterogeneous samples extensively exists in many applications, especially in the task of image classification. In this paper, we propose a simple but effective coupled neural network, called Deeply Coupled Autoencoder Networks (DCAN), which seeks to build two deep neural networks, coupled with each ot...
computer science
1,296
An enhanced neural network based approach towards object extraction
cs.CV
The improvements in spectral and spatial resolution of the satellite images have facilitated the automatic extraction and identification of the features from satellite images and aerial photographs. An automatic object extraction method is presented for extracting and identifying the various objects from satellite imag...
computer science
1,297
A brief survey on deep belief networks and introducing a new object oriented toolbox (DeeBNet)
cs.CV
Nowadays, this is very popular to use the deep architectures in machine learning. Deep Belief Networks (DBNs) are deep architectures that use stack of Restricted Boltzmann Machines (RBM) to create a powerful generative model using training data. DBNs have many ability like feature extraction and classification that are...
computer science
1,298
Real-time emotion recognition for gaming using deep convolutional network features
cs.CV
The goal of the present study is to explore the application of deep convolutional network features to emotion recognition. Results indicate that they perform similarly to other published models at a best recognition rate of 94.4%, and do so with a single still image rather than a video stream. An implementation of an a...
computer science
1,299
Caffe: Convolutional Architecture for Fast Feature Embedding
cs.CV
Caffe provides multimedia scientists and practitioners with a clean and modifiable framework for state-of-the-art deep learning algorithms and a collection of reference models. The framework is a BSD-licensed C++ library with Python and MATLAB bindings for training and deploying general-purpose convolutional neural net...
computer science