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2,700
Efficient Probabilistic Performance Bounds for Inverse Reinforcement Learning
cs.AI
In the field of reinforcement learning there has been recent progress towards safety and high-confidence bounds on policy performance. However, to our knowledge, no practical methods exist for determining high-confidence policy performance bounds in the inverse reinforcement learning setting---where the true reward fun...
computer science
2,701
Kernel Feature Selection via Conditional Covariance Minimization
stat.ML
We propose a framework for feature selection that employs kernel-based measures of independence to find a subset of covariates that is maximally predictive of the response. Building on past work in kernel dimension reduction, we formulate our approach as a constrained optimization problem involving the trace of the con...
computer science
2,702
Convergence Analysis of Optimization Algorithms
stat.ML
The regret bound of an optimization algorithms is one of the basic criteria for evaluating the performance of the given algorithm. By inspecting the differences between the regret bounds of traditional algorithms and adaptive one, we provide a guide for choosing an optimizer with respect to the given data set and the l...
computer science
2,703
GLSR-VAE: Geodesic Latent Space Regularization for Variational AutoEncoder Architectures
cs.LG
VAEs (Variational AutoEncoders) have proved to be powerful in the context of density modeling and have been used in a variety of contexts for creative purposes. In many settings, the data we model possesses continuous attributes that we would like to take into account at generation time. We propose in this paper GLSR-V...
computer science
2,704
On consistency of optimal pricing algorithms in repeated posted-price auctions with strategic buyer
cs.GT
We study revenue optimization learning algorithms for repeated posted-price auctions where a seller interacts with a single strategic buyer that holds a fixed private valuation for a good and seeks to maximize his cumulative discounted surplus. For this setting, first, we propose a novel algorithm that never decreases ...
computer science
2,705
Robust Bayesian Optimization with Student-t Likelihood
cs.LG
Bayesian optimization has recently attracted the attention of the automatic machine learning community for its excellent results in hyperparameter tuning. BO is characterized by the sample efficiency with which it can optimize expensive black-box functions. The efficiency is achieved in a similar fashion to the learnin...
computer science
2,706
A Distributional Perspective on Reinforcement Learning
cs.LG
In this paper we argue for the fundamental importance of the value distribution: the distribution of the random return received by a reinforcement learning agent. This is in contrast to the common approach to reinforcement learning which models the expectation of this return, or value. Although there is an established ...
computer science
2,707
Learning Sparse Representations in Reinforcement Learning with Sparse Coding
cs.AI
A variety of representation learning approaches have been investigated for reinforcement learning; much less attention, however, has been given to investigating the utility of sparse coding. Outside of reinforcement learning, sparse coding representations have been widely used, with non-convex objectives that result in...
computer science
2,708
DARLA: Improving Zero-Shot Transfer in Reinforcement Learning
stat.ML
Domain adaptation is an important open problem in deep reinforcement learning (RL). In many scenarios of interest data is hard to obtain, so agents may learn a source policy in a setting where data is readily available, with the hope that it generalises well to the target domain. We propose a new multi-stage RL agent, ...
computer science
2,709
Large-Scale Low-Rank Matrix Learning with Nonconvex Regularizers
cs.LG
Low-rank modeling has many important applications in computer vision and machine learning. While the matrix rank is often approximated by the convex nuclear norm, the use of nonconvex low-rank regularizers has demonstrated better empirical performance. However, the resulting optimization problem is much more challengin...
computer science
2,710
Hidden Physics Models: Machine Learning of Nonlinear Partial Differential Equations
cs.AI
While there is currently a lot of enthusiasm about "big data", useful data is usually "small" and expensive to acquire. In this paper, we present a new paradigm of learning partial differential equations from {\em small} data. In particular, we introduce \emph{hidden physics models}, which are essentially data-efficien...
computer science
2,711
Fairness-aware machine learning: a perspective
cs.AI
Algorithms learned from data are increasingly used for deciding many aspects in our life: from movies we see, to prices we pay, or medicine we get. Yet there is growing evidence that decision making by inappropriately trained algorithms may unintentionally discriminate people. For example, in automated matching of cand...
computer science
2,712
Independently Controllable Factors
cs.LG
It has been postulated that a good representation is one that disentangles the underlying explanatory factors of variation. However, it remains an open question what kind of training framework could potentially achieve that. Whereas most previous work focuses on the static setting (e.g., with images), we postulate that...
computer science
2,713
An Information-Theoretic Optimality Principle for Deep Reinforcement Learning
cs.AI
We methodologically address the problem of Q-value overestimation in deep reinforcement learning to handle high-dimensional state spaces efficiently. By adapting concepts from information theory, we introduce an intrinsic penalty signal encouraging reduced Q-value estimates. The resultant algorithm encompasses a wide r...
computer science
2,714
Stochastic Optimization with Bandit Sampling
cs.LG
Many stochastic optimization algorithms work by estimating the gradient of the cost function on the fly by sampling datapoints uniformly at random from a training set. However, the estimator might have a large variance, which inadvertently slows down the convergence rate of the algorithms. One way to reduce this varian...
computer science
2,715
Multi-Generator Generative Adversarial Nets
cs.LG
We propose a new approach to train the Generative Adversarial Nets (GANs) with a mixture of generators to overcome the mode collapsing problem. The main intuition is to employ multiple generators, instead of using a single one as in the original GAN. The idea is simple, yet proven to be extremely effective at covering ...
computer science
2,716
Graph Classification via Deep Learning with Virtual Nodes
cs.LG
Learning representation for graph classification turns a variable-size graph into a fixed-size vector (or matrix). Such a representation works nicely with algebraic manipulations. Here we introduce a simple method to augment an attributed graph with a virtual node that is bidirectionally connected to all existing nodes...
computer science
2,717
Theoretical Foundation of Co-Training and Disagreement-Based Algorithms
cs.LG
Disagreement-based approaches generate multiple classifiers and exploit the disagreement among them with unlabeled data to improve learning performance. Co-training is a representative paradigm of them, which trains two classifiers separately on two sufficient and redundant views; while for the applications where there...
computer science
2,718
Scalable Joint Models for Reliable Uncertainty-Aware Event Prediction
stat.ML
Missing data and noisy observations pose significant challenges for reliably predicting events from irregularly sampled multivariate time series (longitudinal) data. Imputation methods, which are typically used for completing the data prior to event prediction, lack a principled mechanism to account for the uncertainty...
computer science
2,719
Weighted parallel SGD for distributed unbalanced-workload training system
cs.LG
Stochastic gradient descent (SGD) is a popular stochastic optimization method in machine learning. Traditional parallel SGD algorithms, e.g., SimuParallel SGD, often require all nodes to have the same performance or to consume equal quantities of data. However, these requirements are difficult to satisfy when the paral...
computer science
2,720
The Mean and Median Criterion for Automatic Kernel Bandwidth Selection for Support Vector Data Description
cs.LG
Support vector data description (SVDD) is a popular technique for detecting anomalies. The SVDD classifier partitions the whole space into an inlier region, which consists of the region near the training data, and an outlier region, which consists of points away from the training data. The computation of the SVDD class...
computer science
2,721
Learning to Transfer
cs.AI
Transfer learning borrows knowledge from a source domain to facilitate learning in a target domain. Two primary issues to be addressed in transfer learning are what and how to transfer. For a pair of domains, adopting different transfer learning algorithms results in different knowledge transferred between them. To dis...
computer science
2,722
Neural Block Sampling
cs.AI
Efficient Monte Carlo inference often requires manual construction of model-specific proposals. We propose an approach to automated proposal construction by training neural networks to provide fast approximations to block Gibbs conditionals. The learned proposals generalize to occurrences of common structural motifs bo...
computer science
2,723
ChemGAN challenge for drug discovery: can AI reproduce natural chemical diversity?
stat.ML
Generating molecules with desired chemical properties is important for drug discovery. The use of generative neural networks is promising for this task. However, from visual inspection, it often appears that generated samples lack diversity. In this paper, we quantify this internal chemical diversity, and we raise the ...
computer science
2,724
Incorporating Feedback into Tree-based Anomaly Detection
cs.LG
Anomaly detectors are often used to produce a ranked list of statistical anomalies, which are examined by human analysts in order to extract the actual anomalies of interest. Unfortunately, in realworld applications, this process can be exceedingly difficult for the analyst since a large fraction of high-ranking anomal...
computer science
2,725
Linking Generative Adversarial Learning and Binary Classification
cs.LG
In this note, we point out a basic link between generative adversarial (GA) training and binary classification -- any powerful discriminator essentially computes an (f-)divergence between real and generated samples. The result, repeatedly re-derived in decision theory, has implications for GA Networks (GANs), providing...
computer science
2,726
Inferring Generative Model Structure with Static Analysis
cs.LG
Obtaining enough labeled data to robustly train complex discriminative models is a major bottleneck in the machine learning pipeline. A popular solution is combining multiple sources of weak supervision using generative models. The structure of these models affects training label quality, but is difficult to learn with...
computer science
2,727
On better training the infinite restricted Boltzmann machines
cs.LG
The infinite restricted Boltzmann machine (iRBM) is an extension of the classic RBM. It enjoys a good property of automatically deciding the size of the hidden layer according to specific training data. With sufficient training, the iRBM can achieve a competitive performance with that of the classic RBM. However, the c...
computer science
2,728
Predicting Organic Reaction Outcomes with Weisfeiler-Lehman Network
cs.LG
The prediction of organic reaction outcomes is a fundamental problem in computational chemistry. Since a reaction may involve hundreds of atoms, fully exploring the space of possible transformations is intractable. The current solution utilizes reaction templates to limit the space, but it suffers from coverage and eff...
computer science
2,729
A Framework for Generalizing Graph-based Representation Learning Methods
stat.ML
Random walks are at the heart of many existing deep learning algorithms for graph data. However, such algorithms have many limitations that arise from the use of random walks, e.g., the features resulting from these methods are unable to transfer to new nodes and graphs as they are tied to node identity. In this work, ...
computer science
2,730
On Inductive Abilities of Latent Factor Models for Relational Learning
cs.LG
Latent factor models are increasingly popular for modeling multi-relational knowledge graphs. By their vectorial nature, it is not only hard to interpret why this class of models works so well, but also to understand where they fail and how they might be improved. We conduct an experimental survey of state-of-the-art m...
computer science
2,731
Human Understandable Explanation Extraction for Black-box Classification Models Based on Matrix Factorization
cs.AI
In recent years, a number of artificial intelligent services have been developed such as defect detection system or diagnosis system for customer services. Unfortunately, the core in these services is a black-box in which human cannot understand the underlying decision making logic, even though the inspection of the lo...
computer science
2,732
Sparse Markov Decision Processes with Causal Sparse Tsallis Entropy Regularization for Reinforcement Learning
cs.LG
In this paper, a sparse Markov decision process (MDP) with novel causal sparse Tsallis entropy regularization is proposed.The proposed policy regularization induces a sparse and multi-modal optimal policy distribution of a sparse MDP. The full mathematical analysis of the proposed sparse MDP is provided.We first analyz...
computer science
2,733
Interactive Music Generation with Positional Constraints using Anticipation-RNNs
cs.AI
Recurrent Neural Networks (RNNS) are now widely used on sequence generation tasks due to their ability to learn long-range dependencies and to generate sequences of arbitrary length. However, their left-to-right generation procedure only allows a limited control from a potential user which makes them unsuitable for int...
computer science
2,734
Summable Reparameterizations of Wasserstein Critics in the One-Dimensional Setting
cs.LG
Generative adversarial networks (GANs) are an exciting alternative to algorithms for solving density estimation problems---using data to assess how likely samples are to be drawn from the same distribution. Instead of explicitly computing these probabilities, GANs learn a generator that can match the given probabilisti...
computer science
2,735
Verifying Properties of Binarized Deep Neural Networks
stat.ML
Understanding properties of deep neural networks is an important challenge in deep learning. In this paper, we take a step in this direction by proposing a rigorous way of verifying properties of a popular class of neural networks, Binarized Neural Networks, using the well-developed means of Boolean satisfiability. Our...
computer science
2,736
MRNet-Product2Vec: A Multi-task Recurrent Neural Network for Product Embeddings
cs.AI
E-commerce websites such as Amazon, Alibaba, Flipkart, and Walmart sell billions of products. Machine learning (ML) algorithms involving products are often used to improve the customer experience and increase revenue, e.g., product similarity, recommendation, and price estimation. The products are required to be repres...
computer science
2,737
On overfitting and asymptotic bias in batch reinforcement learning with partial observability
stat.ML
This paper stands in the context of reinforcement learning with partial observability and limited data. In this setting, we focus on the tradeoff between asymptotic bias (suboptimality with unlimited data) and overfitting (additional suboptimality due to limited data), and theoretically show that while potentially incr...
computer science
2,738
Cross-modal Recurrent Models for Weight Objective Prediction from Multimodal Time-series Data
stat.ML
We analyse multimodal time-series data corresponding to weight, sleep and steps measurements. We focus on predicting whether a user will successfully achieve his/her weight objective. For this, we design several deep long short-term memory (LSTM) architectures, including a novel cross-modal LSTM (X-LSTM), and demonstra...
computer science
2,739
Glass-Box Program Synthesis: A Machine Learning Approach
cs.LG
Recently proposed models which learn to write computer programs from data use either input/output examples or rich execution traces. Instead, we argue that a novel alternative is to use a glass-box loss function, given as a program itself that can be directly inspected. Glass-box optimization covers a wide range of pro...
computer science
2,740
On formalizing fairness in prediction with machine learning
cs.LG
Machine learning algorithms for prediction are increasingly being used in critical decisions affecting human lives. Various fairness formalizations, with no firm consensus yet, are employed to prevent such algorithms from systematically discriminating against people based on certain attributes protected by law. The aim...
computer science
2,741
On- and Off-Policy Monotonic Policy Improvement
cs.AI
Monotonic policy improvement and off-policy learning are two main desirable properties for reinforcement learning algorithms. In this paper, by lower bounding the performance difference of two policies, we show that the monotonic policy improvement is guaranteed from on- and off-policy mixture samples. An optimization ...
computer science
2,742
Towards Scalable Spectral Clustering via Spectrum-Preserving Sparsification
cs.LG
The eigendeomposition of nearest-neighbor (NN) graph Laplacian matrices is the main computational bottleneck in spectral clustering. In this work, we introduce a highly-scalable, spectrum-preserving graph sparsification algorithm that enables to build ultra-sparse NN (u-NN) graphs with guaranteed preservation of the or...
computer science
2,743
Bayesian Hypernetworks
stat.ML
We propose Bayesian hypernetworks: a framework for approximate Bayesian inference in neural networks. A Bayesian hypernetwork, $h$, is a neural network which learns to transform a simple noise distribution, $p(\epsilon) = \mathcal{N}(0,I)$, to a distribution $q(\theta) \doteq q(h(\epsilon))$ over the parameters $\theta...
computer science
2,744
Deep Learning for Case-Based Reasoning through Prototypes: A Neural Network that Explains Its Predictions
cs.AI
Deep neural networks are widely used for classification. These deep models often suffer from a lack of interpretability -- they are particularly difficult to understand because of their non-linear nature. As a result, neural networks are often treated as "black box" models, and in the past, have been trained purely to ...
computer science
2,745
Learning Infinite RBMs with Frank-Wolfe
cs.LG
In this work, we propose an infinite restricted Boltzmann machine~(RBM), whose maximum likelihood estimation~(MLE) corresponds to a constrained convex optimization. We consider the Frank-Wolfe algorithm to solve the program, which provides a sparse solution that can be interpreted as inserting a hidden unit at each ite...
computer science
2,746
The Effects of Memory Replay in Reinforcement Learning
cs.AI
Experience replay is a key technique behind many recent advances in deep reinforcement learning. Allowing the agent to learn from earlier memories can speed up learning and break undesirable temporal correlations. Despite its wide-spread application, very little is understood about the properties of experience replay. ...
computer science
2,747
A Novel Stochastic Stratified Average Gradient Method: Convergence Rate and Its Complexity
cs.LG
SGD (Stochastic Gradient Descent) is a popular algorithm for large scale optimization problems due to its low iterative cost. However, SGD can not achieve linear convergence rate as FGD (Full Gradient Descent) because of the inherent gradient variance. To attack the problem, mini-batch SGD was proposed to get a trade-o...
computer science
2,748
Deep Neural Network Approximation using Tensor Sketching
stat.ML
Deep neural networks are powerful learning models that achieve state-of-the-art performance on many computer vision, speech, and language processing tasks. In this paper, we study a fundamental question that arises when designing deep network architectures: Given a target network architecture can we design a smaller ne...
computer science
2,749
Exploiting generalization in the subspaces for faster model-based learning
stat.ML
Due to the lack of enough generalization in the state-space, common methods in Reinforcement Learning (RL) suffer from slow learning speed especially in the early learning trials. This paper introduces a model-based method in discrete state-spaces for increasing learning speed in terms of required experience (but not r...
computer science
2,750
Regularization approaches for support vector machines with applications to biomedical data
cs.LG
The support vector machine (SVM) is a widely used machine learning tool for classification based on statistical learning theory. Given a set of training data, the SVM finds a hyperplane that separates two different classes of data points by the largest distance. While the standard form of SVM uses L2-norm regularizatio...
computer science
2,751
Transfer Learning to Learn with Multitask Neural Model Search
cs.AI
Deep learning models require extensive architecture design exploration and hyperparameter optimization to perform well on a given task. The exploration of the model design space is often made by a human expert, and optimized using a combination of grid search and search heuristics over a large space of possible choices...
computer science
2,752
Graph Attention Networks
stat.ML
We present graph attention networks (GATs), novel neural network architectures that operate on graph-structured data, leveraging masked self-attentional layers to address the shortcomings of prior methods based on graph convolutions or their approximations. By stacking layers in which nodes are able to attend over thei...
computer science
2,753
Fast and Scalable Learning of Sparse Changes in High-Dimensional Gaussian Graphical Model Structure
cs.LG
We focus on the problem of estimating the change in the dependency structures of two $p$-dimensional Gaussian Graphical models (GGMs). Previous studies for sparse change estimation in GGMs involve expensive and difficult non-smooth optimization. We propose a novel method, DIFFEE for estimating DIFFerential networks via...
computer science
2,754
Learning Graph Convolution Filters from Data Manifold
cs.LG
Convolution Neural Network (CNN) has gained tremendous success in computer vision tasks with its outstanding ability to capture the local latent features. Recently, there has been an increasing interest in extending CNNs to the general spatial domain. Although various types of graph and geometric convolution methods ha...
computer science
2,755
Fraternal Dropout
stat.ML
Recurrent neural networks (RNNs) are important class of architectures among neural networks useful for language modeling and sequential prediction. However, optimizing RNNs is known to be harder compared to feed-forward neural networks. A number of techniques have been proposed in literature to address this problem. In...
computer science
2,756
Beyond Shared Hierarchies: Deep Multitask Learning through Soft Layer Ordering
cs.LG
Existing deep multitask learning (MTL) approaches align layers shared between tasks in a parallel ordering. Such an organization significantly constricts the types of shared structure that can be learned. The necessity of parallel ordering for deep MTL is first tested by comparing it with permuted ordering of shared la...
computer science
2,757
Pomegranate: fast and flexible probabilistic modeling in python
cs.AI
We present pomegranate, an open source machine learning package for probabilistic modeling in Python. Probabilistic modeling encompasses a wide range of methods that explicitly describe uncertainty using probability distributions. Three widely used probabilistic models implemented in pomegranate are general mixture mod...
computer science
2,758
Minimal Exploration in Structured Stochastic Bandits
stat.ML
This paper introduces and addresses a wide class of stochastic bandit problems where the function mapping the arm to the corresponding reward exhibits some known structural properties. Most existing structures (e.g. linear, Lipschitz, unimodal, combinatorial, dueling, ...) are covered by our framework. We derive an asy...
computer science
2,759
The Case for Meta-Cognitive Machine Learning: On Model Entropy and Concept Formation in Deep Learning
cs.AI
Machine learning is usually defined in behaviourist terms, where external validation is the primary mechanism of learning. In this paper, I argue for a more holistic interpretation in which finding more probable, efficient and abstract representations is as central to learning as performance. In other words, machine le...
computer science
2,760
Fisher-Rao Metric, Geometry, and Complexity of Neural Networks
cs.LG
We study the relationship between geometry and capacity measures for deep neural networks from an invariance viewpoint. We introduce a new notion of capacity --- the Fisher-Rao norm --- that possesses desirable invariance properties and is motivated by Information Geometry. We discover an analytical characterization of...
computer science
2,761
Adaptive Bayesian Sampling with Monte Carlo EM
cs.LG
We present a novel technique for learning the mass matrices in samplers obtained from discretized dynamics that preserve some energy function. Existing adaptive samplers use Riemannian preconditioning techniques, where the mass matrices are functions of the parameters being sampled. This leads to significant complexiti...
computer science
2,762
Alpha-expansion is Exact on Stable Instances
stat.ML
Approximate algorithms for structured prediction problems---such as the popular alpha-expansion algorithm (Boykov et al. 2001) in computer vision---typically far exceed their theoretical performance guarantees on real-world instances. These algorithms often find solutions that are very close to optimal. The goal of thi...
computer science
2,763
Learning Overcomplete HMMs
cs.LG
We study the problem of learning overcomplete HMMs---those that have many hidden states but a small output alphabet. Despite having significant practical importance, such HMMs are poorly understood with no known positive or negative results for efficient learning. In this paper, we present several new results---both po...
computer science
2,764
Deep Fault Analysis and Subset Selection in Solar Power Grids
cs.LG
Non-availability of reliable and sustainable electric power is a major problem in the developing world. Renewable energy sources like solar are not very lucrative in the current stage due to various uncertainties like weather, storage, land use among others. There also exists various other issues like mis-commitment of...
computer science
2,765
Scalable Log Determinants for Gaussian Process Kernel Learning
stat.ML
For applications as varied as Bayesian neural networks, determinantal point processes, elliptical graphical models, and kernel learning for Gaussian processes (GPs), one must compute a log determinant of an $n \times n$ positive definite matrix, and its derivatives - leading to prohibitive $\mathcal{O}(n^3)$ computatio...
computer science
2,766
A Change-Detection based Framework for Piecewise-stationary Multi-Armed Bandit Problem
cs.LG
The multi-armed bandit problem has been extensively studied under the stationary assumption. However in reality, this assumption often does not hold because the distributions of rewards themselves may change over time. In this paper, we propose a change-detection (CD) based framework for multi-armed bandit problems und...
computer science
2,767
Medical Diagnosis From Laboratory Tests by Combining Generative and Discriminative Learning
cs.AI
A primary goal of computational phenotype research is to conduct medical diagnosis. In hospital, physicians rely on massive clinical data to make diagnosis decisions, among which laboratory tests are one of the most important resources. However, the longitudinal and incomplete nature of laboratory test data casts a sig...
computer science
2,768
Simple And Efficient Architecture Search for Convolutional Neural Networks
stat.ML
Neural networks have recently had a lot of success for many tasks. However, neural network architectures that perform well are still typically designed manually by experts in a cumbersome trial-and-error process. We propose a new method to automatically search for well-performing CNN architectures based on a simple hil...
computer science
2,769
Budget-Constrained Multi-Armed Bandits with Multiple Plays
cs.LG
We study the multi-armed bandit problem with multiple plays and a budget constraint for both the stochastic and the adversarial setting. At each round, exactly $K$ out of $N$ possible arms have to be played (with $1\leq K \leq N$). In addition to observing the individual rewards for each arm played, the player also lea...
computer science
2,770
Towards Deep Learning Models for Psychological State Prediction using Smartphone Data: Challenges and Opportunities
cs.LG
There is an increasing interest in exploiting mobile sensing technologies and machine learning techniques for mental health monitoring and intervention. Researchers have effectively used contextual information, such as mobility, communication and mobile phone usage patterns for quantifying individuals' mood and wellbei...
computer science
2,771
Run, skeleton, run: skeletal model in a physics-based simulation
cs.AI
In this paper, we present our approach to solve a physics-based reinforcement learning challenge "Learning to Run" with objective to train physiologically-based human model to navigate a complex obstacle course as quickly as possible. The environment is computationally expensive, has a high-dimensional continuous actio...
computer science
2,772
Classification with Costly Features using Deep Reinforcement Learning
cs.AI
We study a classification problem where each feature can be acquired for a cost and the goal is to optimize the trade-off between classification precision and the total feature cost. We frame the problem as a sequential decision-making problem, where we classify one sample in each episode. At each step, an agent can us...
computer science
2,773
The Promise and Peril of Human Evaluation for Model Interpretability
cs.AI
Transparency, user trust, and human comprehension are popular ethical motivations for interpretable machine learning. In support of these goals, researchers evaluate model explanation performance using humans and real world applications. This alone presents a challenge in many areas of artificial intelligence. In this ...
computer science
2,774
Modular Continual Learning in a Unified Visual Environment
cs.LG
A core aspect of human intelligence is the ability to learn new tasks quickly and switch between them flexibly. Here, we describe a modular continual reinforcement learning paradigm inspired by these abilities. We first introduce a visual interaction environment that allows many types of tasks to be unified in a single...
computer science
2,775
Teaching a Machine to Read Maps with Deep Reinforcement Learning
cs.RO
The ability to use a 2D map to navigate a complex 3D environment is quite remarkable, and even difficult for many humans. Localization and navigation is also an important problem in domains such as robotics, and has recently become a focus of the deep reinforcement learning community. In this paper we teach a reinforce...
computer science
2,776
Transferring Agent Behaviors from Videos via Motion GANs
cs.LG
A major bottleneck for developing general reinforcement learning agents is determining rewards that will yield desirable behaviors under various circumstances. We introduce a general mechanism for automatically specifying meaningful behaviors from raw pixels. In particular, we train a generative adversarial network to ...
computer science
2,777
Deep Learning for Physical Processes: Incorporating Prior Scientific Knowledge
cs.AI
We consider the use of Deep Learning methods for modeling complex phenomena like those occurring in natural physical processes. With the large amount of data gathered on these phenomena the data intensive paradigm could begin to challenge more traditional approaches elaborated over the years in fields like maths or phy...
computer science
2,778
Safer Classification by Synthesis
cs.LG
The discriminative approach to classification using deep neural networks has become the de-facto standard in various fields. Complementing recent reservations about safety against adversarial examples, we show that conventional discriminative methods can easily be fooled to provide incorrect labels with very high confi...
computer science
2,779
Generalizing Hamiltonian Monte Carlo with Neural Networks
stat.ML
We present a general-purpose method to train Markov chain Monte Carlo kernels, parameterized by deep neural networks, that converge and mix quickly to their target distribution. Our method generalizes Hamiltonian Monte Carlo and is trained to maximize expected squared jumped distance, a proxy for mixing speed. We demon...
computer science
2,780
Distilling a Neural Network Into a Soft Decision Tree
cs.LG
Deep neural networks have proved to be a very effective way to perform classification tasks. They excel when the input data is high dimensional, the relationship between the input and the output is complicated, and the number of labeled training examples is large. But it is hard to explain why a learned network makes a...
computer science
2,781
Tensor Completion Algorithms in Big Data Analytics
stat.ML
Tensor completion is a problem of filling the missing or unobserved entries of partially observed tensors. Due to the multidimensional character of tensors in describing complex datasets, tensor completion algorithms and their applications have received wide attention and achievement in data mining, computer vision, si...
computer science
2,782
Quantitative CBA: Small and Comprehensible Association Rule Classification Models
stat.ML
Quantitative CBA is a postprocessing algorithm for association rule classification algorithm CBA (Liu et al, 1998). QCBA uses original, undiscretized numerical attributes to optimize the discovered association rules, refining the boundaries of literals in the antecedent of the rules produced by CBA. Some rules as well ...
computer science
2,783
Learning to Rank based on Analogical Reasoning
stat.ML
Object ranking or "learning to rank" is an important problem in the realm of preference learning. On the basis of training data in the form of a set of rankings of objects represented as feature vectors, the goal is to learn a ranking function that predicts a linear order of any new set of objects. In this paper, we pr...
computer science
2,784
TensorFlow Distributions
cs.LG
The TensorFlow Distributions library implements a vision of probability theory adapted to the modern deep-learning paradigm of end-to-end differentiable computation. Building on two basic abstractions, it offers flexible building blocks for probabilistic computation. Distributions provide fast, numerically stable metho...
computer science
2,785
Deep Reinforcement Learning for De-Novo Drug Design
cs.AI
We propose a novel computational strategy based on deep and reinforcement learning techniques for de-novo design of molecules with desired properties. This strategy integrates two deep neural networks -generative and predictive - that are trained separately but employed jointly to generate novel chemical structures wit...
computer science
2,786
A Semantic Loss Function for Deep Learning with Symbolic Knowledge
cs.AI
This paper develops a novel methodology for using symbolic knowledge in deep learning. From first principles, we derive a semantic loss function that bridges between neural output vectors and logical constraints. This loss function captures how close the neural network is to satisfying the constraints on its output. An...
computer science
2,787
Variational Deep Q Network
cs.LG
We propose a framework that directly tackles the probability distribution of the value function parameters in Deep Q Network (DQN), with powerful variational inference subroutines to approximate the posterior of the parameters. We will establish the equivalence between our proposed surrogate objective and variational i...
computer science
2,788
An Equivalence of Fully Connected Layer and Convolutional Layer
cs.LG
This article demonstrates that convolutional operation can be converted to matrix multiplication, which has the same calculation way with fully connected layer. The article is helpful for the beginners of the neural network to understand how fully connected layer and the convolutional layer work in the backend. To be c...
computer science
2,789
Stochastic Dual Coordinate Descent with Bandit Sampling
cs.LG
Coordinate descent methods minimize a cost function by updating a single decision variable (corresponding to one coordinate) at a time. Ideally, one would update the decision variable that yields the largest marginal decrease in the cost function. However, finding this coordinate would require checking all of them, whi...
computer science
2,790
Deep Echo State Network (DeepESN): A Brief Survey
cs.LG
The study of deep recurrent neural networks (RNNs) and, in particular, of deep Reservoir Computing (RC) is gaining an increasing research attention in the neural networks community. The recently introduced deep Echo State Network (deepESN) model opened the way to an extremely efficient approach for designing deep neura...
computer science
2,791
Ray: A Distributed Framework for Emerging AI Applications
cs.DC
The next generation of AI applications will continuously interact with the environment and learn from these interactions. These applications impose new and demanding systems requirements, both in terms of performance and flexibility. In this paper, we consider these requirements and present Ray---a distributed system t...
computer science
2,792
Nonparametric Inference for Auto-Encoding Variational Bayes
stat.ML
We would like to learn latent representations that are low-dimensional and highly interpretable. A model that has these characteristics is the Gaussian Process Latent Variable Model. The benefits and negative of the GP-LVM are complementary to the Variational Autoencoder, the former provides interpretable low-dimension...
computer science
2,793
Safe Policy Improvement with Baseline Bootstrapping
cs.LG
A common goal in Reinforcement Learning is to derive a good strategy given a limited batch of data. In this paper, we adopt the safe policy improvement (SPI) approach: we compute a target policy guaranteed to perform at least as well as a given baseline policy. Our SPI strategy, inspired by the knows-what-it-knows para...
computer science
2,794
Block-diagonal Hessian-free Optimization for Training Neural Networks
cs.LG
Second-order methods for neural network optimization have several advantages over methods based on first-order gradient descent, including better scaling to large mini-batch sizes and fewer updates needed for convergence. But they are rarely applied to deep learning in practice because of high computational cost and th...
computer science
2,795
f-Divergence constrained policy improvement
cs.LG
To ensure stability of learning, state-of-the-art generalized policy iteration algorithms augment the policy improvement step with a trust region constraint bounding the information loss. The size of the trust region is commonly determined by the Kullback-Leibler (KL) divergence, which not only captures the notion of d...
computer science
2,796
Deep Learning for Identifying Potential Conceptual Shifts for Co-creative Drawing
cs.LG
We present a system for identifying conceptual shifts between visual categories, which will form the basis for a co-creative drawing system to help users draw more creative sketches. The system recognizes human sketches and matches them to structurally similar sketches from categories to which they do not belong. This ...
computer science
2,797
Convergence Analysis of Gradient Descent Algorithms with Proportional Updates
cs.LG
The rise of deep learning in recent years has brought with it increasingly clever optimization methods to deal with complex, non-linear loss functions. These methods are often designed with convex optimization in mind, but have been shown to work well in practice even for the highly non-convex optimization associated w...
computer science
2,798
Paranom: A Parallel Anomaly Dataset Generator
cs.LG
In this paper, we present Paranom, a parallel anomaly dataset generator. We discuss its design and provide brief experimental results demonstrating its usefulness in improving the classification correctness of LSTM-AD, a state-of-the-art anomaly detection model.
computer science
2,799
Theoretical Impediments to Machine Learning With Seven Sparks from the Causal Revolution
cs.LG
Current machine learning systems operate, almost exclusively, in a statistical, or model-free mode, which entails severe theoretical limits on their power and performance. Such systems cannot reason about interventions and retrospection and, therefore, cannot serve as the basis for strong AI. To achieve human level int...
computer science