Unnamed: 0
int64
0
41k
title
stringlengths
4
274
category
stringlengths
5
18
summary
stringlengths
22
3.66k
theme
stringclasses
8 values
5,000
Local Gaussian Processes for Efficient Fine-Grained Traffic Speed Prediction
cs.AI
Traffic speed is a key indicator for the efficiency of an urban transportation system. Accurate modeling of the spatiotemporally varying traffic speed thus plays a crucial role in urban planning and development. This paper addresses the problem of efficient fine-grained traffic speed prediction using big traffic data o...
computer science
5,001
A Generic Approach for Escaping Saddle points
cs.LG
A central challenge to using first-order methods for optimizing nonconvex problems is the presence of saddle points. First-order methods often get stuck at saddle points, greatly deteriorating their performance. Typically, to escape from saddles one has to use second-order methods. However, most works on second-order m...
computer science
5,002
Formulation of Deep Reinforcement Learning Architecture Toward Autonomous Driving for On-Ramp Merge
cs.LG
Multiple automakers have in development or in production automated driving systems (ADS) that offer freeway-pilot functions. This type of ADS is typically limited to restricted-access freeways only, that is, the transition from manual to automated modes takes place only after the ramp merging process is completed manua...
computer science
5,003
Representation Learning for Visual-Relational Knowledge Graphs
cs.LG
A visual-relational knowledge graph (KG) is a multi-relational graph whose entities are associated with images. We introduce ImageGraph, a KG with 1,330 relation types, 14,870 entities, and 829,931 images. Visual-relational KGs lead to novel probabilistic query types where images are treated as first-class citizens. Bo...
computer science
5,004
Semantic Preserving Embeddings for Generalized Graphs
cs.AI
A new approach to the study of Generalized Graphs as semantic data structures using machine learning techniques is presented. We show how vector representations maintaining semantic characteristics of the original data can be obtained from a given graph using neural encoding architectures and considering the topologica...
computer science
5,005
TensorFlow Agents: Efficient Batched Reinforcement Learning in TensorFlow
cs.LG
We introduce TensorFlow Agents, an efficient infrastructure paradigm for building parallel reinforcement learning algorithms in TensorFlow. We simulate multiple environments in parallel, and group them to perform the neural network computation on a batch rather than individual observations. This allows the TensorFlow e...
computer science
5,006
Gigamachine: incremental machine learning on desktop computers
cs.AI
We present a concrete design for Solomonoff's incremental machine learning system suitable for desktop computers. We use R5RS Scheme and its standard library with a few omissions as the reference machine. We introduce a Levin Search variant based on a stochastic Context Free Grammar together with new update algorithms ...
computer science
5,007
RRA: Recurrent Residual Attention for Sequence Learning
cs.LG
In this paper, we propose a recurrent neural network (RNN) with residual attention (RRA) to learn long-range dependencies from sequential data. We propose to add residual connections across timesteps to RNN, which explicitly enhances the interaction between current state and hidden states that are several timesteps apa...
computer science
5,008
Meta-QSAR: a large-scale application of meta-learning to drug design and discovery
cs.AI
We investigate the learning of quantitative structure activity relationships (QSARs) as a case-study of meta-learning. This application area is of the highest societal importance, as it is a key step in the development of new medicines. The standard QSAR learning problem is: given a target (usually a protein) and a set...
computer science
5,009
Pre-training Neural Networks with Human Demonstrations for Deep Reinforcement Learning
cs.LG
Deep reinforcement learning (deep RL) has achieved superior performance in complex sequential tasks by using a deep neural network as its function approximator and by learning directly from raw images. A drawback of using raw images is that deep RL must learn the state feature representation from the raw images in addi...
computer science
5,010
Action Schema Networks: Generalised Policies with Deep Learning
cs.AI
In this paper, we introduce the Action Schema Network (ASNet): a neural network architecture for learning generalised policies for probabilistic planning problems. By mimicking the relational structure of planning problems, ASNets are able to adopt a weight-sharing scheme which allows the network to be applied to any p...
computer science
5,011
Shared Learning : Enhancing Reinforcement in $Q$-Ensembles
cs.LG
Deep Reinforcement Learning has been able to achieve amazing successes in a variety of domains from video games to continuous control by trying to maximize the cumulative reward. However, most of these successes rely on algorithms that require a large amount of data to train in order to obtain results on par with human...
computer science
5,012
Disentangled Variational Auto-Encoder for Semi-supervised Learning
cs.LG
In this paper, we develop a novel approach for semi-supervised VAE without classifier. Specifically, we propose a new model called SDVAE, which encodes the input data into disentangled representation and non-interpretable representation, then the category information is directly utilized to regularize the disentangled ...
computer science
5,013
A Generic Framework for Interesting Subspace Cluster Detection in Multi-attributed Networks
cs.LG
Detection of interesting (e.g., coherent or anomalous) clusters has been studied extensively on plain or univariate networks, with various applications. Recently, algorithms have been extended to networks with multiple attributes for each node in the real-world. In a multi-attributed network, often, a cluster of nodes ...
computer science
5,014
Leveraging Distributional Semantics for Multi-Label Learning
cs.LG
We present a novel and scalable label embedding framework for large-scale multi-label learning a.k.a ExMLDS (Extreme Multi-Label Learning using Distributional Semantics). Our approach draws inspiration from ideas rooted in distributional semantics, specifically the Skip Gram Negative Sampling (SGNS) approach, widely us...
computer science
5,015
Deep Graph Attention Model
cs.LG
Graph classification is a problem with practical applications in many different domains. Most of the existing methods take the entire graph into account when calculating graph features. In a graphlet-based approach, for instance, the entire graph is processed to get the total count of different graphlets or sub-graphs....
computer science
5,016
Predicting Runtime Distributions using Deep Neural Networks
cs.AI
Many state-of-the-art algorithms for solving hard combinatorial problems include elements of stochasticity that lead to high variations in runtime, even for a fixed problem instance, across runs with different pseudo-random number seeds. Knowledge about the runtime distributions (RTDs) of algorithms on given problem in...
computer science
5,017
Non-iterative Label Propagation on Optimal Leading Forest
cs.LG
Graph based semi-supervised learning (GSSL) has intuitive representation and can be improved by exploiting the matrix calculation. However, it has to perform iterative optimization to achieve a preset objective, which usually leads to low efficiency. Another inconvenience lying in GSSL is that when new data come, the g...
computer science
5,018
FSL-BM: Fuzzy Supervised Learning with Binary Meta-Feature for Classification
cs.LG
This paper introduces a novel real-time Fuzzy Supervised Learning with Binary Meta-Feature (FSL-BM) for big data classification task. The study of real-time algorithms addresses several major concerns, which are namely: accuracy, memory consumption, and ability to stretch assumptions and time complexity. Attaining a fa...
computer science
5,019
Deep TAMER: Interactive Agent Shaping in High-Dimensional State Spaces
cs.AI
While recent advances in deep reinforcement learning have allowed autonomous learning agents to succeed at a variety of complex tasks, existing algorithms generally require a lot of training data. One way to increase the speed at which agents are able to learn to perform tasks is by leveraging the input of human traine...
computer science
5,020
Deep Abstract Q-Networks
cs.LG
We examine the problem of learning and planning on high-dimensional domains with long horizons and sparse rewards. Recent approaches have shown great successes in many Atari 2600 domains. However, domains with long horizons and sparse rewards, such as Montezuma's Revenge and Venture, remain challenging for existing met...
computer science
5,021
Dilated Recurrent Neural Networks
cs.AI
Learning with recurrent neural networks (RNNs) on long sequences is a notoriously difficult task. There are three major challenges: 1) complex dependencies, 2) vanishing and exploding gradients, and 3) efficient parallelization. In this paper, we introduce a simple yet effective RNN connection structure, the DilatedRNN...
computer science
5,022
Rainbow: Combining Improvements in Deep Reinforcement Learning
cs.AI
The deep reinforcement learning community has made several independent improvements to the DQN algorithm. However, it is unclear which of these extensions are complementary and can be fruitfully combined. This paper examines six extensions to the DQN algorithm and empirically studies their combination. Our experiments ...
computer science
5,023
Random Projection and Its Applications
cs.LG
Random Projection is a foundational research topic that connects a bunch of machine learning algorithms under a similar mathematical basis. It is used to reduce the dimensionality of the dataset by projecting the data points efficiently to a smaller dimensions while preserving the original relative distance between the...
computer science
5,024
Continuous Adaptation via Meta-Learning in Nonstationary and Competitive Environments
cs.LG
Ability to continuously learn and adapt from limited experience in nonstationary environments is an important milestone on the path towards general intelligence. In this paper, we cast the problem of continuous adaptation into the learning-to-learn framework. We develop a simple gradient-based meta-learning algorithm s...
computer science
5,025
Sign-Constrained Regularized Loss Minimization
cs.LG
In practical analysis, domain knowledge about analysis target has often been accumulated, although, typically, such knowledge has been discarded in the statistical analysis stage, and the statistical tool has been applied as a black box. In this paper, we introduce sign constraints that are a handy and simple represent...
computer science
5,026
Mental Sampling in Multimodal Representations
cs.LG
Both resources in the natural environment and concepts in a semantic space are distributed "patchily", with large gaps in between the patches. To describe people's internal and external foraging behavior, various random walk models have been proposed. In particular, internal foraging has been modeled as sampling: in or...
computer science
5,027
Eigenoption Discovery through the Deep Successor Representation
cs.LG
Options in reinforcement learning allow agents to hierarchically decompose a task into subtasks, having the potential to speed up learning and planning. However, autonomously learning effective sets of options is still a major challenge in the field. In this paper we focus on the recently introduced idea of using repre...
computer science
5,028
Regret Minimization for Partially Observable Deep Reinforcement Learning
cs.LG
Deep reinforcement learning algorithms that estimate state and state-action value functions have been shown to be effective in a variety of challenging domains, including learning control strategies from raw image pixels. However, algorithms that estimate state and state-action value functions typically assume a fully ...
computer science
5,029
Piecewise Linear Neural Network verification: A comparative study
cs.AI
The success of Deep Learning and its potential use in many important safety- critical applications has motivated research on formal verification of Neural Network (NN) models. Despite the reputation of learned NN models to behave as black boxes and the theoretical hardness of proving their properties, researchers have ...
computer science
5,030
Strategies for Conceptual Change in Convolutional Neural Networks
cs.LG
A remarkable feature of human beings is their capacity for creative behaviour, referring to their ability to react to problems in ways that are novel, surprising, and useful. Transformational creativity is a form of creativity where the creative behaviour is induced by a transformation of the actor's conceptual space, ...
computer science
5,031
Learning Solving Procedure for Artificial Neural Network
cs.AI
It is expected that progress toward true artificial intelligence will be achieved through the emergence of a system that integrates representation learning and complex reasoning (LeCun et al. 2015). In response to this prediction, research has been conducted on implementing the symbolic reasoning of a von Neumann compu...
computer science
5,032
Online Tool Condition Monitoring Based on Parsimonious Ensemble+
cs.LG
Accurate diagnosis of tool wear in metal turning process remains an open challenge for both scientists and industrial practitioners because of inhomogeneities in workpiece material, nonstationary machining settings to suit production requirements, and nonlinear relations between measured variables and tool wear. Common...
computer science
5,033
Inverse Reward Design
cs.AI
Autonomous agents optimize the reward function we give them. What they don't know is how hard it is for us to design a reward function that actually captures what we want. When designing the reward, we might think of some specific training scenarios, and make sure that the reward will lead to the right behavior in thos...
computer science
5,034
Deep-ESN: A Multiple Projection-encoding Hierarchical Reservoir Computing Framework
cs.LG
As an efficient recurrent neural network (RNN) model, reservoir computing (RC) models, such as Echo State Networks, have attracted widespread attention in the last decade. However, while they have had great success with time series data [1], [2], many time series have a multiscale structure, which a single-hidden-layer...
computer science
5,035
Exploiting Layerwise Convexity of Rectifier Networks with Sign Constrained Weights
cs.LG
By introducing sign constraints on the weights, this paper proposes sign constrained rectifier networks (SCRNs), whose training can be solved efficiently by the well known majorization-minimization (MM) algorithms. We prove that the proposed two-hidden-layer SCRNs, which exhibit negative weights in the second hidden la...
computer science
5,036
An Iterative Closest Points Approach to Neural Generative Models
cs.LG
We present a simple way to learn a transformation that maps samples of one distribution to the samples of another distribution. Our algorithm comprises an iteration of 1) drawing samples from some simple distribution and transforming them using a neural network, 2) determining pairwise correspondences between the trans...
computer science
5,037
Is prioritized sweeping the better episodic control?
cs.AI
Episodic control has been proposed as a third approach to reinforcement learning, besides model-free and model-based control, by analogy with the three types of human memory. i.e. episodic, procedural and semantic memory. But the theoretical properties of episodic control are not well investigated. Here I show that in ...
computer science
5,038
Implementing the Deep Q-Network
cs.LG
The Deep Q-Network proposed by Mnih et al. [2015] has become a benchmark and building point for much deep reinforcement learning research. However, replicating results for complex systems is often challenging since original scientific publications are not always able to describe in detail every important parameter sett...
computer science
5,039
Constructive Preference Elicitation over Hybrid Combinatorial Spaces
cs.AI
Peference elicitation is the task of suggesting a highly preferred configuration to a decision maker. The preferences are typically learned by querying the user for choice feedback over pairs or sets of objects. In its constructive variant, new objects are synthesized "from scratch" by maximizing an estimate of the use...
computer science
5,040
Posterior Sampling for Large Scale Reinforcement Learning
cs.LG
Posterior sampling for reinforcement learning (PSRL) is a popular algorithm for learning to control an unknown Markov decision process (MDP). PSRL maintains a distribution over MDP parameters and in an episodic fashion samples MDP parameters, computes the optimal policy for them and executes it. A special case of PSRL ...
computer science
5,041
Deterministic Policy Optimization by Combining Pathwise and Score Function Estimators for Discrete Action Spaces
cs.AI
Policy optimization methods have shown great promise in solving complex reinforcement and imitation learning tasks. While model-free methods are broadly applicable, they often require many samples to optimize complex policies. Model-based methods greatly improve sample-efficiency but at the cost of poor generalization,...
computer science
5,042
An influence-based fast preceding questionnaire model for elderly assessments
cs.AI
To improve the efficiency of elderly assessments, an influence-based fast preceding questionnaire model (FPQM) is proposed. Compared with traditional assessments, the FPQM optimizes questionnaires by reordering their attributes. The values of low-ranking attributes can be predicted by the values of the high-ranking att...
computer science
5,043
Action Branching Architectures for Deep Reinforcement Learning
cs.LG
Discrete-action algorithms have been central to numerous recent successes of deep reinforcement learning. However, applying these algorithms to high-dimensional action tasks requires tackling the combinatorial increase of the number of possible actions with the number of action dimensions. This problem is further exace...
computer science
5,044
Deep Reinforcement Learning for Sepsis Treatment
cs.AI
Sepsis is a leading cause of mortality in intensive care units and costs hospitals billions annually. Treating a septic patient is highly challenging, because individual patients respond very differently to medical interventions and there is no universally agreed-upon treatment for sepsis. In this work, we propose an a...
computer science
5,045
AI Safety Gridworlds
cs.LG
We present a suite of reinforcement learning environments illustrating various safety properties of intelligent agents. These problems include safe interruptibility, avoiding side effects, absent supervisor, reward gaming, safe exploration, as well as robustness to self-modification, distributional shift, and adversari...
computer science
5,046
Learnings Options End-to-End for Continuous Action Tasks
cs.LG
We present new results on learning temporally extended actions for continuoustasks, using the options framework (Suttonet al.[1999b], Precup [2000]). In orderto achieve this goal we work with the option-critic architecture (Baconet al.[2017])using a deliberation cost and train it with proximal policy optimization (Schu...
computer science
5,047
Comparing Deep Reinforcement Learning and Evolutionary Methods in Continuous Control
cs.LG
Reinforcement Learning and the Evolutionary Strategy are two major approaches in addressing complicated control problems. Both are strong contenders and have their own devotee communities. Both groups have been very active in developing new advances in their own domain and devising, in recent years, leading-edge techni...
computer science
5,048
On the Real-time Vehicle Placement Problem
cs.AI
Motivated by ride-sharing platforms' efforts to reduce their riders' wait times for a vehicle, this paper introduces a novel problem of placing vehicles to fulfill real-time pickup requests in a spatially and temporally changing environment. The real-time nature of this problem makes it fundamentally different from oth...
computer science
5,049
A Deeper Look at Experience Replay
cs.LG
Recently experience replay is widely used in various deep reinforcement learning (RL) algorithms, however in this paper we showcase that it is not as good as people think. To be more specific, experience replay will significantly hurt the learning process if the size of replay buffer is not well tuned. Although experie...
computer science
5,050
Mastering Chess and Shogi by Self-Play with a General Reinforcement Learning Algorithm
cs.AI
The game of chess is the most widely-studied domain in the history of artificial intelligence. The strongest programs are based on a combination of sophisticated search techniques, domain-specific adaptations, and handcrafted evaluation functions that have been refined by human experts over several decades. In contrast...
computer science
5,051
Bayesian Q-learning with Assumed Density Filtering
cs.LG
While off-policy temporal difference methods have been broadly used in reinforcement learning due to their efficiency and simple implementation, their Bayesian counterparts have been relatively understudied. This is mainly because the max operator in the Bellman optimality equation brings non-linearity and inconsistent...
computer science
5,052
StackInsights: Cognitive Learning for Hybrid Cloud Readiness
cs.LG
Hybrid cloud is an integrated cloud computing environment utilizing a mix of public cloud, private cloud, and on-premise traditional IT infrastructures. Workload awareness, defined as a detailed full range understanding of each individual workload, is essential in implementing the hybrid cloud. While it is critical to ...
computer science
5,053
Reachable Set Computation and Safety Verification for Neural Networks with ReLU Activations
cs.LG
Neural networks have been widely used to solve complex real-world problems. Due to the complicate, nonlinear, non-convex nature of neural networks, formal safety guarantees for the output behaviors of neural networks will be crucial for their applications in safety-critical systems.In this paper, the output reachable s...
computer science
5,054
Multi-task learning of time series and its application to the travel demand
cs.LG
We address the problem of modeling and prediction of a set of temporal events in the context of intelligent transportation systems. To leverage the information shared by different events, we propose a multi-task learning framework. We develop a support vector regression model for joint learning of mutually dependent ti...
computer science
5,055
Faster Deep Q-learning using Neural Episodic Control
cs.LG
The research on deep reinforcement learning which estimates Q-value by deep learning has been attracted the interest of researchers recently. In deep reinforcement learning, it is important to efficiently learn the experiences that an agent has collected by exploring environment. In this research, we propose NEC2DQN th...
computer science
5,056
Building Generalizable Agents with a Realistic and Rich 3D Environment
cs.LG
Towards bridging the gap between machine and human intelligence, it is of utmost importance to introduce environments that are visually realistic and rich in content. In such environments, one can evaluate and improve a crucial property of practical intelligent systems, namely \emph{generalization}. In this work, we bu...
computer science
5,057
Sample-Efficient Reinforcement Learning through Transfer and Architectural Priors
cs.LG
Recent work in deep reinforcement learning has allowed algorithms to learn complex tasks such as Atari 2600 games just from the reward provided by the game, but these algorithms presently require millions of training steps in order to learn, making them approximately five orders of magnitude slower than humans. One rea...
computer science
5,058
Interactive Learning of Acyclic Conditional Preference Networks
cs.AI
Learning of user preferences, as represented by, for example, Conditional Preference Networks (CP-nets), has become a core issue in AI research. Recent studies investigate learning of CP-nets from randomly chosen examples or from membership and equivalence queries. To assess the optimality of learning algorithms as wel...
computer science
5,059
Comparative Study on Generative Adversarial Networks
cs.LG
In recent years, there have been tremendous advancements in the field of machine learning. These advancements have been made through both academic as well as industrial research. Lately, a fair amount of research has been dedicated to the usage of generative models in the field of computer vision and image classificati...
computer science
5,060
GitGraph - Architecture Search Space Creation through Frequent Computational Subgraph Mining
cs.LG
The dramatic success of deep neural networks across multiple application areas often relies on experts painstakingly designing a network architecture specific to each task. To simplify this process and make it more accessible, an emerging research effort seeks to automate the design of neural network architectures, usi...
computer science
5,061
Learning Features For Relational Data
cs.AI
Feature engineering is one of the most important but tedious tasks in data science projects. This work studies automation of feature learning for relational data. We first theoretically proved that learning relevant features from relational data for a given predictive analytics problem is NP-hard. However, it is possib...
computer science
5,062
Solutions to problems with deep learning
cs.LG
Despite the several successes of deep learning systems, there are concerns about their limitations, discussed most recently by Gary Marcus. This paper discusses Marcus's concerns and some others, together with solutions to several of these problems provided by the "P theory of intelligence" and its realisation in the "...
computer science
5,063
Unseen Class Discovery in Open-world Classification
cs.LG
This paper concerns open-world classification, where the classifier not only needs to classify test examples into seen classes that have appeared in training but also reject examples from unseen or novel classes that have not appeared in training. Specifically, this paper focuses on discovering the hidden unseen classe...
computer science
5,064
Intrinsic dimension of concept lattices
cs.AI
Geometric analysis is a very capable theory to understand the influence of the high dimensionality of the input data in machine learning (ML) and knowledge discovery (KD). With our approach we can assess how far the application of a specific KD/ML-algorithm to a concrete data set is prone to the curse of dimensionality...
computer science
5,065
On the Inter-relationships among Drift rate, Forgetting rate, Bias/variance profile and Error
cs.LG
We propose two general and falsifiable hypotheses about expectations on generalization error when learning in the context of concept drift. One posits that as drift rate increases, the forgetting rate that minimizes generalization error will also increase and vice versa. The other posits that as a learner's forgetting ...
computer science
5,066
Deep Learning Approach for Very Similar Objects Recognition Application on Chihuahua and Muffin Problem
cs.AI
We address the problem to tackle the very similar objects like Chihuahua or muffin problem to recognize at least in human vision level. Our regular deep structured machine learning still does not solve it. We saw many times for about year in our community the problem. Today we proposed the state-of-the-art solution for...
computer science
5,067
The Intriguing Properties of Model Explanations
cs.LG
Linear approximations to the decision boundary of a complex model have become one of the most popular tools for interpreting predictions. In this paper, we study such linear explanations produced either post-hoc by a few recent methods or generated along with predictions with contextual explanation networks (CENs). We ...
computer science
5,068
Personalized Survival Prediction with Contextual Explanation Networks
cs.LG
Accurate and transparent prediction of cancer survival times on the level of individual patients can inform and improve patient care and treatment practices. In this paper, we design a model that concurrently learns to accurately predict patient-specific survival distributions and to explain its predictions in terms of...
computer science
5,069
Elements of Effective Deep Reinforcement Learning towards Tactical Driving Decision Making
cs.AI
Tactical driving decision making is crucial for autonomous driving systems and has attracted considerable interest in recent years. In this paper, we propose several practical components that can speed up deep reinforcement learning algorithms towards tactical decision making tasks: 1) non-uniform action skipping as a ...
computer science
5,070
Memory Fusion Network for Multi-view Sequential Learning
cs.LG
Multi-view sequential learning is a fundamental problem in machine learning dealing with multi-view sequences. In a multi-view sequence, there exists two forms of interactions between different views: view-specific interactions and cross-view interactions. In this paper, we present a new neural architecture for multi-v...
computer science
5,071
IMPALA: Scalable Distributed Deep-RL with Importance Weighted Actor-Learner Architectures
cs.LG
In this work we aim to solve a large collection of tasks using a single reinforcement learning agent with a single set of parameters. A key challenge is to handle the increased amount of data and extended training time. We have developed a new distributed agent IMPALA (Importance Weighted Actor-Learner Architecture) th...
computer science
5,072
Utility Decomposition with Deep Corrections for Scalable Planning under Uncertainty
cs.LG
Decomposition methods have been proposed in the past to approximate solutions to large sequential decision making problems. In contexts where an agent interacts with multiple entities, utility decomposition can be used where each individual entity is considered independently. The individual utility functions are then c...
computer science
5,073
Neural Dynamic Programming for Musical Self Similarity
cs.AI
We present a neural sequence model designed specifically for symbolic music. The model is based on a learned edit distance mechanism which generalises a classic recursion from computer science, leading to a neural dynamic program. Repeated motifs are detected by learning the transformations between them. We represent t...
computer science
5,074
A note on reinforcement learning with Wasserstein distance regularisation, with applications to multipolicy learning
cs.LG
In this note we describe an application of Wasserstein distance to Reinforcement Learning. The Wasserstein distance in question is between the distribution of mappings of trajectories of a policy into some metric space, and some other fixed distribution (which may, for example, come from another policy). Different poli...
computer science
5,075
Evolved Policy Gradients
cs.LG
We propose a meta-learning approach for learning gradient-based reinforcement learning (RL) algorithms. The idea is to evolve a differentiable loss function, such that an agent, which optimizes its policy to minimize this loss, will achieve high rewards. The loss is parametrized via temporal convolutions over the agent...
computer science
5,076
Probabilistic Warnings in National Security Crises: Pearl Harbor Revisited
cs.AI
Imagine a situation where a group of adversaries is preparing an attack on the United States or U.S. interests. An intelligence analyst has observed some signals, but the situation is rapidly changing. The analyst faces the decision to alert a principal decision maker that an attack is imminent, or to wait until more i...
computer science
5,077
Reactive Reinforcement Learning in Asynchronous Environments
cs.AI
The relationship between a reinforcement learning (RL) agent and an asynchronous environment is often ignored. Frequently used models of the interaction between an agent and its environment, such as Markov Decision Processes (MDP) or Semi-Markov Decision Processes (SMDP), do not capture the fact that, in an asynchronou...
computer science
5,078
A Deep Q-Learning Agent for the L-Game with Variable Batch Training
cs.LG
We employ the Deep Q-Learning algorithm with Experience Replay to train an agent capable of achieving a high-level of play in the L-Game while self-learning from low-dimensional states. We also employ variable batch size for training in order to mitigate the loss of the rare reward signal and significantly accelerate t...
computer science
5,079
Bayes-optimal Hierarchical Classification over Asymmetric Tree-Distance Loss
cs.LG
Hierarchical classification is supervised multi-class classification problem over the set of class labels organized according to a hierarchy. In this report, we study the work by Ramaswamy et. al. on hierarchical classification over symmetric tree distance loss. We extend the consistency of hierarchical classification ...
computer science
5,080
Fourier Policy Gradients
cs.LG
We propose a new way of deriving policy gradient updates for reinforcement learning. Our technique, based on Fourier analysis, recasts integrals that arise with expected policy gradients as convolutions and turns them into multiplications. The obtained analytical solutions allow us to capture the low variance benefits ...
computer science
5,081
L2-Nonexpansive Neural Networks
cs.AI
This paper proposes a class of well-conditioned neural networks in which a unit amount of change in the inputs causes at most a unit amount of change in the outputs or any of the internal layers. We develop the known methodology of controlling Lipschitz constants to realize its full potential in maximizing robustness: ...
computer science
5,082
Modeling Others using Oneself in Multi-Agent Reinforcement Learning
cs.AI
We consider the multi-agent reinforcement learning setting with imperfect information in which each agent is trying to maximize its own utility. The reward function depends on the hidden state (or goal) of both agents, so the agents must infer the other players' hidden goals from their observed behavior in order to sol...
computer science
5,083
Investigating Human Priors for Playing Video Games
cs.AI
What makes humans so good at solving seemingly complex video games? Unlike computers, humans bring in a great deal of prior knowledge about the world, enabling efficient decision making. This paper investigates the role of human priors for solving video games. Given a sample game, we conduct a series of ablation studie...
computer science
5,084
Computational Theories of Curiosity-Driven Learning
cs.AI
What are the functions of curiosity? What are the mechanisms of curiosity-driven learning? We approach these questions using concepts and tools from machine learning and developmental robotics. We argue that curiosity-driven learning enables organisms to make discoveries to solve complex problems with rare or deceptive...
computer science
5,085
Separators and Adjustment Sets in Causal Graphs: Complete Criteria and an Algorithmic Framework
cs.AI
Principled reasoning about the identifiability of causal effects from non-experimental data is an important application of graphical causal models. We present an algorithmic framework for efficiently testing, constructing, and enumerating $m$-separators in ancestral graphs (AGs), a class of graphical causal models that...
computer science
5,086
Unsupervised Learning of Goal Spaces for Intrinsically Motivated Goal Exploration
cs.LG
Intrinsically motivated goal exploration algorithms enable machines to discover repertoires of policies that produce a diversity of effects in complex environments. These exploration algorithms have been shown to allow real world robots to acquire skills such as tool use in high-dimensional continuous state and action ...
computer science
5,087
SAFE: Spectral Evolution Analysis Feature Extraction for Non-Stationary Time Series Prediction
cs.LG
This paper presents a practical approach for detecting non-stationarity in time series prediction. This method is called SAFE and works by monitoring the evolution of the spectral contents of time series through a distance function. This method is designed to work in combination with state-of-the-art machine learning m...
computer science
5,088
N-body Networks: a Covariant Hierarchical Neural Network Architecture for Learning Atomic Potentials
cs.LG
We describe N-body networks, a neural network architecture for learning the behavior and properties of complex many body physical systems. Our specific application is to learn atomic potential energy surfaces for use in molecular dynamics simulations. Our architecture is novel in that (a) it is based on a hierarchical ...
computer science
5,089
Smoothed Action Value Functions for Learning Gaussian Policies
cs.LG
State-action value functions (i.e., Q-values) are ubiquitous in reinforcement learning (RL), giving rise to popular algorithms such as SARSA and Q-learning. We propose a new notion of action value defined by a Gaussian smoothed version of the expected Q-value. We show that such smoothed Q-values still satisfy a Bellman...
computer science
5,090
Satisficing in Time-Sensitive Bandit Learning
cs.LG
Much of the recent literature on bandit learning focuses on algorithms that aim to converge on an optimal action. One shortcoming is that this orientation does not account for time sensitivity, which can play a crucial role when learning an optimal action requires much more information than near-optimal ones. Indeed, p...
computer science
5,091
A New Model for Evaluating Range-Based Anomaly Detection Algorithms
cs.LG
Classical anomaly detection (AD) is principally concerned with point-based anomalies, anomalies that occur at a single point in time. While point-based anomalies are useful, many real-world anomalies are range-based, meaning they occur over a period of time. Therefore, applying classical point-based accuracy measures t...
computer science
5,092
Learning to Explore with Meta-Policy Gradient
cs.LG
The performance of off-policy learning, including deep Q-learning and deep deterministic policy gradient (DDPG), critically depends on the choice of the exploration policy. Existing exploration methods are mostly based on adding noise to the on-going actor policy and can only explore \emph{local} regions close to what ...
computer science
5,093
Learning to Play General Video-Games via an Object Embedding Network
cs.LG
Deep reinforcement learning (DRL) has proven to be an effective tool for creating general video-game AI. However most current DRL video-game agents learn end-to-end from the video-output of the game, which is superfluous for many applications and creates a number of additional problems. More importantly, directly worki...
computer science
5,094
PAC-Reasoning in Relational Domains
cs.AI
We consider the problem of predicting plausible missing facts in relational data, given a set of imperfect logical rules. In particular, our aim is to provide bounds on the (expected) number of incorrect inferences that are made in this way. Since for classical inference it is in general impossible to bound this number...
computer science
5,095
Structural Health Monitoring Using Neural Network Based Vibrational System Identification
cs.NE
Composite fabrication technologies now provide the means for producing high-strength, low-weight panels, plates, spars and other structural components which use embedded fiber optic sensors and piezoelectric transducers. These materials, often referred to as smart structures, make it possible to sense internal characte...
computer science
5,096
Generalized Discriminant Analysis algorithm for feature reduction in Cyber Attack Detection System
cs.CR
This Generalized Discriminant Analysis (GDA) has provided an extremely powerful approach to extracting non linear features. The network traffic data provided for the design of intrusion detection system always are large with ineffective information, thus we need to remove the worthless information from the original hig...
computer science
5,097
Geometric operations implemented by conformal geometric algebra neural nodes
cs.CV
Geometric algebra is an optimal frame work for calculating with vectors. The geometric algebra of a space includes elements that represent all the its subspaces (lines, planes, volumes, ...). Conformal geometric algebra expands this approach to elementary representations of arbitrary points, point pairs, lines, circles...
computer science
5,098
Non-constant bounded holomorphic functions of hyperbolic numbers - Candidates for hyperbolic activation functions
cs.NE
The Liouville theorem states that bounded holomorphic complex functions are necessarily constant. Holomorphic functions fulfill the socalled Cauchy-Riemann (CR) conditions. The CR conditions mean that a complex $z$-derivative is independent of the direction. Holomorphic functions are ideal for activation functions of c...
computer science
5,099
Learning Features and their Transformations by Spatial and Temporal Spherical Clustering
cs.NE
Learning features invariant to arbitrary transformations in the data is a requirement for any recognition system, biological or artificial. It is now widely accepted that simple cells in the primary visual cortex respond to features while the complex cells respond to features invariant to different transformations. We ...
computer science