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4,800
A Behavior Analysis-Based Game Bot Detection Approach Considering Various Play Styles
cs.LG
An approach for game bot detection in MMORPGs is proposed based on the analysis of game playing behavior. Since MMORPGs are large scale games, users can play in various ways. This variety in playing behavior makes it hard to detect game bots based on play behaviors. In order to cope with this problem, the proposed appr...
computer science
4,801
Double Relief with progressive weighting function
cs.LG
Feature weighting algorithms try to solve a problem of great importance nowadays in machine learning: The search of a relevance measure for the features of a given domain. This relevance is primarily used for feature selection as feature weighting can be seen as a generalization of it, but it is also useful to better u...
computer science
4,802
Graph Kernels exploiting Weisfeiler-Lehman Graph Isomorphism Test Extensions
cs.LG
In this paper we present a novel graph kernel framework inspired the by the Weisfeiler-Lehman (WL) isomorphism tests. Any WL test comprises a relabelling phase of the nodes based on test-specific information extracted from the graph, for example the set of neighbours of a node. We defined a novel relabelling and derive...
computer science
4,803
Attend, Adapt and Transfer: Attentive Deep Architecture for Adaptive Transfer from multiple sources in the same domain
cs.AI
Transferring knowledge from prior source tasks in solving a new target task can be useful in several learning applications. The application of transfer poses two serious challenges which have not been adequately addressed. First, the agent should be able to avoid negative transfer, which happens when the transfer hampe...
computer science
4,804
The Inductive Constraint Programming Loop
cs.AI
Constraint programming is used for a variety of real-world optimisation problems, such as planning, scheduling and resource allocation problems. At the same time, one continuously gathers vast amounts of data about these problems. Current constraint programming software does not exploit such data to update schedules, r...
computer science
4,805
Evaluating Real-time Anomaly Detection Algorithms - the Numenta Anomaly Benchmark
cs.AI
Much of the world's data is streaming, time-series data, where anomalies give significant information in critical situations; examples abound in domains such as finance, IT, security, medical, and energy. Yet detecting anomalies in streaming data is a difficult task, requiring detectors to process data in real-time, no...
computer science
4,806
Asymptotic Logical Uncertainty and The Benford Test
cs.LG
We give an algorithm A which assigns probabilities to logical sentences. For any simple infinite sequence of sentences whose truth-values appear indistinguishable from a biased coin that outputs "true" with probability p, we have that the sequence of probabilities that A assigns to these sentences converges to p.
computer science
4,807
Bad Universal Priors and Notions of Optimality
cs.AI
A big open question of algorithmic information theory is the choice of the universal Turing machine (UTM). For Kolmogorov complexity and Solomonoff induction we have invariance theorems: the choice of the UTM changes bounds only by a constant. For the universally intelligent agent AIXI (Hutter, 2005) no invariance theo...
computer science
4,808
High Performance Latent Variable Models
cs.LG
Latent variable models have accumulated a considerable amount of interest from the industry and academia for their versatility in a wide range of applications. A large amount of effort has been made to develop systems that is able to extend the systems to a large scale, in the hope to make use of them on industry scale...
computer science
4,809
Time-Sensitive Bayesian Information Aggregation for Crowdsourcing Systems
cs.AI
Crowdsourcing systems commonly face the problem of aggregating multiple judgments provided by potentially unreliable workers. In addition, several aspects of the design of efficient crowdsourcing processes, such as defining worker's bonuses, fair prices and time limits of the tasks, involve knowledge of the likely dura...
computer science
4,810
Characterizing Concept Drift
cs.LG
Most machine learning models are static, but the world is dynamic, and increasing online deployment of learned models gives increasing urgency to the development of efficient and effective mechanisms to address learning in the context of non-stationary distributions, or as it is commonly called concept drift. However, ...
computer science
4,811
Unitary-Group Invariant Kernels and Features from Transformed Unlabeled Data
cs.LG
The study of representations invariant to common transformations of the data is important to learning. Most techniques have focused on local approximate invariance implemented within expensive optimization frameworks lacking explicit theoretical guarantees. In this paper, we study kernels that are invariant to the unit...
computer science
4,812
Better Computer Go Player with Neural Network and Long-term Prediction
cs.LG
Competing with top human players in the ancient game of Go has been a long-term goal of artificial intelligence. Go's high branching factor makes traditional search techniques ineffective, even on leading-edge hardware, and Go's evaluation function could change drastically with one stone change. Recent works [Maddison ...
computer science
4,813
Learning Simple Algorithms from Examples
cs.AI
We present an approach for learning simple algorithms such as copying, multi-digit addition and single digit multiplication directly from examples. Our framework consists of a set of interfaces, accessed by a controller. Typical interfaces are 1-D tapes or 2-D grids that hold the input and output data. For the controll...
computer science
4,814
Interpretable Two-level Boolean Rule Learning for Classification
cs.LG
This paper proposes algorithms for learning two-level Boolean rules in Conjunctive Normal Form (CNF, i.e. AND-of-ORs) or Disjunctive Normal Form (DNF, i.e. OR-of-ANDs) as a type of human-interpretable classification model, aiming for a favorable trade-off between the classification accuracy and the simplicity of the ru...
computer science
4,815
Strategic Dialogue Management via Deep Reinforcement Learning
cs.AI
Artificially intelligent agents equipped with strategic skills that can negotiate during their interactions with other natural or artificial agents are still underdeveloped. This paper describes a successful application of Deep Reinforcement Learning (DRL) for training intelligent agents with strategic conversational s...
computer science
4,816
Incremental Truncated LSTD
cs.LG
Balancing between computational efficiency and sample efficiency is an important goal in reinforcement learning. Temporal difference (TD) learning algorithms stochastically update the value function, with a linear time complexity in the number of features, whereas least-squares temporal difference (LSTD) algorithms are...
computer science
4,817
Shaping Proto-Value Functions via Rewards
cs.AI
In this paper, we combine task-dependent reward shaping and task-independent proto-value functions to obtain reward dependent proto-value functions (RPVFs). In constructing the RPVFs we are making use of the immediate rewards which are available during the sampling phase but are not used in the PVF construction. We sho...
computer science
4,818
On the convergence of cycle detection for navigational reinforcement learning
cs.LG
We consider a reinforcement learning framework where agents have to navigate from start states to goal states. We prove convergence of a cycle-detection learning algorithm on a class of tasks that we call reducible. Reducible tasks have an acyclic solution. We also syntactically characterize the form of the final polic...
computer science
4,819
Learning Using 1-Local Membership Queries
cs.LG
Classic machine learning algorithms learn from labelled examples. For example, to design a machine translation system, a typical training set will consist of English sentences and their translation. There is a stronger model, in which the algorithm can also query for labels of new examples it creates. E.g, in the trans...
computer science
4,820
Taxonomy grounded aggregation of classifiers with different label sets
cs.AI
We describe the problem of aggregating the label predictions of diverse classifiers using a class taxonomy. Such a taxonomy may not have been available or referenced when the individual classifiers were designed and trained, yet mapping the output labels into the taxonomy is desirable to integrate the effort spent in t...
computer science
4,821
Large Scale Distributed Semi-Supervised Learning Using Streaming Approximation
cs.LG
Traditional graph-based semi-supervised learning (SSL) approaches, even though widely applied, are not suited for massive data and large label scenarios since they scale linearly with the number of edges $|E|$ and distinct labels $m$. To deal with the large label size problem, recent works propose sketch-based methods ...
computer science
4,822
How to Discount Deep Reinforcement Learning: Towards New Dynamic Strategies
cs.LG
Using deep neural nets as function approximator for reinforcement learning tasks have recently been shown to be very powerful for solving problems approaching real-world complexity. Using these results as a benchmark, we discuss the role that the discount factor may play in the quality of the learning process of a deep...
computer science
4,823
Learning Discrete Bayesian Networks from Continuous Data
cs.AI
Real data often contains a mixture of discrete and continuous variables, but many Bayesian network structure learning and inference algorithms assume all random variables are discrete. Continuous variables are often discretized, but the choice of discretization policy has significant impact on the accuracy, speed, and ...
computer science
4,824
Convolutional Monte Carlo Rollouts in Go
cs.LG
In this work, we present a MCTS-based Go-playing program which uses convolutional networks in all parts. Our method performs MCTS in batches, explores the Monte Carlo search tree using Thompson sampling and a convolutional network, and evaluates convnet-based rollouts on the GPU. We achieve strong win rates against ope...
computer science
4,825
True Online Temporal-Difference Learning
cs.AI
The temporal-difference methods TD($\lambda$) and Sarsa($\lambda$) form a core part of modern reinforcement learning. Their appeal comes from their good performance, low computational cost, and their simple interpretation, given by their forward view. Recently, new versions of these methods were introduced, called true...
computer science
4,826
Policy Gradient Methods for Off-policy Control
cs.AI
Off-policy learning refers to the problem of learning the value function of a way of behaving, or policy, while following a different policy. Gradient-based off-policy learning algorithms, such as GTD and TDC/GQ, converge even when using function approximation and incremental updates. However, they have been developed ...
computer science
4,827
From One Point to A Manifold: Knowledge Graph Embedding For Precise Link Prediction
cs.AI
Knowledge graph embedding aims at offering a numerical knowledge representation paradigm by transforming the entities and relations into continuous vector space. However, existing methods could not characterize the knowledge graph in a fine degree to make a precise prediction. There are two reasons: being an ill-posed ...
computer science
4,828
Increasing the Action Gap: New Operators for Reinforcement Learning
cs.AI
This paper introduces new optimality-preserving operators on Q-functions. We first describe an operator for tabular representations, the consistent Bellman operator, which incorporates a notion of local policy consistency. We show that this local consistency leads to an increase in the action gap at each state; increas...
computer science
4,829
Unsupervised Feature Construction for Improving Data Representation and Semantics
cs.AI
Feature-based format is the main data representation format used by machine learning algorithms. When the features do not properly describe the initial data, performance starts to degrade. Some algorithms address this problem by internally changing the representation space, but the newly-constructed features are rarely...
computer science
4,830
Regularized Orthogonal Tensor Decompositions for Multi-Relational Learning
cs.LG
Multi-relational learning has received lots of attention from researchers in various research communities. Most existing methods either suffer from superlinear per-iteration cost, or are sensitive to the given ranks. To address both issues, we propose a scalable core tensor trace norm Regularized Orthogonal Iteration D...
computer science
4,831
A Unified Approach for Learning the Parameters of Sum-Product Networks
cs.LG
We present a unified approach for learning the parameters of Sum-Product networks (SPNs). We prove that any complete and decomposable SPN is equivalent to a mixture of trees where each tree corresponds to a product of univariate distributions. Based on the mixture model perspective, we characterize the objective functi...
computer science
4,832
Angrier Birds: Bayesian reinforcement learning
cs.AI
We train a reinforcement learner to play a simplified version of the game Angry Birds. The learner is provided with a game state in a manner similar to the output that could be produced by computer vision algorithms. We improve on the efficiency of regular {\epsilon}-greedy Q-Learning with linear function approximation...
computer science
4,833
Ensemble Methods of Classification for Power Systems Security Assessment
cs.AI
One of the most promising approaches for complex technical systems analysis employs ensemble methods of classification. Ensemble methods enable to build a reliable decision rules for feature space classification in the presence of many possible states of the system. In this paper, novel techniques based on decision tre...
computer science
4,834
On the Latent Variable Interpretation in Sum-Product Networks
cs.AI
One of the central themes in Sum-Product networks (SPNs) is the interpretation of sum nodes as marginalized latent variables (LVs). This interpretation yields an increased syntactic or semantic structure, allows the application of the EM algorithm and to efficiently perform MPE inference. In literature, the LV interpre...
computer science
4,835
Expected Similarity Estimation for Large-Scale Batch and Streaming Anomaly Detection
cs.LG
We present a novel algorithm for anomaly detection on very large datasets and data streams. The method, named EXPected Similarity Estimation (EXPoSE), is kernel-based and able to efficiently compute the similarity between new data points and the distribution of regular data. The estimator is formulated as an inner prod...
computer science
4,836
Learning to Communicate to Solve Riddles with Deep Distributed Recurrent Q-Networks
cs.AI
We propose deep distributed recurrent Q-networks (DDRQN), which enable teams of agents to learn to solve communication-based coordination tasks. In these tasks, the agents are not given any pre-designed communication protocol. Therefore, in order to successfully communicate, they must first automatically develop and ag...
computer science
4,837
Decoy Bandits Dueling on a Poset
cs.LG
We adress the problem of dueling bandits defined on partially ordered sets, or posets. In this setting, arms may not be comparable, and there may be several (incomparable) optimal arms. We propose an algorithm, UnchainedBandits, that efficiently finds the set of optimal arms of any poset even when pairs of comparable a...
computer science
4,838
Iterative Hierarchical Optimization for Misspecified Problems (IHOMP)
cs.LG
For complex, high-dimensional Markov Decision Processes (MDPs), it may be necessary to represent the policy with function approximation. A problem is misspecified whenever, the representation cannot express any policy with acceptable performance. We introduce IHOMP : an approach for solving misspecified problems. IHOMP...
computer science
4,839
Unsupervised Domain Adaptation Using Approximate Label Matching
cs.LG
Domain adaptation addresses the problem created when training data is generated by a so-called source distribution, but test data is generated by a significantly different target distribution. In this work, we present approximate label matching (ALM), a new unsupervised domain adaptation technique that creates and leve...
computer science
4,840
Determining the best attributes for surveillance video keywords generation
cs.LG
Automatic video keyword generation is one of the key ingredients in reducing the burden of security officers in analyzing surveillance videos. Keywords or attributes are generally chosen manually based on expert knowledge of surveillance. Most existing works primarily aim at either supervised learning approaches relyin...
computer science
4,841
Modeling cumulative biological phenomena with Suppes-Bayes Causal Networks
cs.AI
Several diseases related to cell proliferation are characterized by the accumulation of somatic DNA changes, with respect to wildtype conditions. Cancer and HIV are two common examples of such diseases, where the mutational load in the cancerous/viral population increases over time. In these cases, selective pressures ...
computer science
4,842
Large-Scale Detection of Non-Technical Losses in Imbalanced Data Sets
cs.LG
Non-technical losses (NTL) such as electricity theft cause significant harm to our economies, as in some countries they may range up to 40% of the total electricity distributed. Detecting NTLs requires costly on-site inspections. Accurate prediction of NTLs for customers using machine learning is therefore crucial. To ...
computer science
4,843
Probabilistic Relational Model Benchmark Generation
cs.LG
The validation of any database mining methodology goes through an evaluation process where benchmarks availability is essential. In this paper, we aim to randomly generate relational database benchmarks that allow to check probabilistic dependencies among the attributes. We are particularly interested in Probabilistic ...
computer science
4,844
Learning Shared Representations in Multi-task Reinforcement Learning
cs.AI
We investigate a paradigm in multi-task reinforcement learning (MT-RL) in which an agent is placed in an environment and needs to learn to perform a series of tasks, within this space. Since the environment does not change, there is potentially a lot of common ground amongst tasks and learning to solve them individuall...
computer science
4,845
Negative Learning Rates and P-Learning
cs.AI
We present a method of training a differentiable function approximator for a regression task using negative examples. We effect this training using negative learning rates. We also show how this method can be used to perform direct policy learning in a reinforcement learning setting.
computer science
4,846
Common-Description Learning: A Framework for Learning Algorithms and Generating Subproblems from Few Examples
cs.AI
Current learning algorithms face many difficulties in learning simple patterns and using them to learn more complex ones. They also require more examples than humans do to learn the same pattern, assuming no prior knowledge. In this paper, a new learning framework is introduced that is called common-description learnin...
computer science
4,847
Online Learning of Commission Avoidant Portfolio Ensembles
cs.AI
We present a novel online ensemble learning strategy for portfolio selection. The new strategy controls and exploits any set of commission-oblivious portfolio selection algorithms. The strategy handles transaction costs using a novel commission avoidance mechanism. We prove a logarithmic regret bound for our strategy w...
computer science
4,848
Learning from the memory of Atari 2600
cs.LG
We train a number of neural networks to play games Bowling, Breakout and Seaquest using information stored in the memory of a video game console Atari 2600. We consider four models of neural networks which differ in size and architecture: two networks which use only information contained in the RAM and two mixed networ...
computer science
4,849
Causal Discovery for Manufacturing Domains
cs.LG
Yield and quality improvement is of paramount importance to any manufacturing company. One of the ways of improving yield is through discovery of the root causal factors affecting yield. We propose the use of data-driven interpretable causal models to identify key factors affecting yield. We focus on factors that are m...
computer science
4,850
Towards Automation of Knowledge Understanding: An Approach for Probabilistic Generative Classifiers
cs.LG
After data selection, pre-processing, transformation, and feature extraction, knowledge extraction is not the final step in a data mining process. It is then necessary to understand this knowledge in order to apply it efficiently and effectively. Up to now, there is a lack of appropriate techniques that support this si...
computer science
4,851
Backprop KF: Learning Discriminative Deterministic State Estimators
cs.LG
Generative state estimators based on probabilistic filters and smoothers are one of the most popular classes of state estimators for robots and autonomous vehicles. However, generative models have limited capacity to handle rich sensory observations, such as camera images, since they must model the entire distribution ...
computer science
4,852
Near-optimal Bayesian Active Learning with Correlated and Noisy Tests
cs.LG
We consider the Bayesian active learning and experimental design problem, where the goal is to learn the value of some unknown target variable through a sequence of informative, noisy tests. In contrast to prior work, we focus on the challenging, yet practically relevant setting where test outcomes can be conditionally...
computer science
4,853
Learning Purposeful Behaviour in the Absence of Rewards
cs.LG
Artificial intelligence is commonly defined as the ability to achieve goals in the world. In the reinforcement learning framework, goals are encoded as reward functions that guide agent behaviour, and the sum of observed rewards provide a notion of progress. However, some domains have no such reward signal, or have a r...
computer science
4,854
Learning Multiagent Communication with Backpropagation
cs.LG
Many tasks in AI require the collaboration of multiple agents. Typically, the communication protocol between agents is manually specified and not altered during training. In this paper we explore a simple neural model, called CommNet, that uses continuous communication for fully cooperative tasks. The model consists of...
computer science
4,855
Adaptive Neural Compilation
cs.AI
This paper proposes an adaptive neural-compilation framework to address the problem of efficient program learning. Traditional code optimisation strategies used in compilers are based on applying pre-specified set of transformations that make the code faster to execute without changing its semantics. In contrast, our w...
computer science
4,856
Model-Free Imitation Learning with Policy Optimization
cs.LG
In imitation learning, an agent learns how to behave in an environment with an unknown cost function by mimicking expert demonstrations. Existing imitation learning algorithms typically involve solving a sequence of planning or reinforcement learning problems. Such algorithms are therefore not directly applicable to la...
computer science
4,857
Towards a Job Title Classification System
cs.LG
Document classification for text, images and other applicable entities has long been a focus of research in academia and also finds application in many industrial settings. Amidst a plethora of approaches to solve such problems, machine-learning techniques have found success in a variety of scenarios. In this paper we ...
computer science
4,858
OpenAI Gym
cs.LG
OpenAI Gym is a toolkit for reinforcement learning research. It includes a growing collection of benchmark problems that expose a common interface, and a website where people can share their results and compare the performance of algorithms. This whitepaper discusses the components of OpenAI Gym and the design decision...
computer science
4,859
e-Commerce product classification: our participation at cDiscount 2015 challenge
cs.LG
This report describes our participation in the cDiscount 2015 challenge where the goal was to classify product items in a predefined taxonomy of products. Our best submission yielded an accuracy score of 64.20\% in the private part of the leaderboard and we were ranked 10th out of 175 participating teams. We followed a...
computer science
4,860
Generative Adversarial Imitation Learning
cs.LG
Consider learning a policy from example expert behavior, without interaction with the expert or access to reinforcement signal. One approach is to recover the expert's cost function with inverse reinforcement learning, then extract a policy from that cost function with reinforcement learning. This approach is indirect ...
computer science
4,861
Strategic Attentive Writer for Learning Macro-Actions
cs.AI
We present a novel deep recurrent neural network architecture that learns to build implicit plans in an end-to-end manner by purely interacting with an environment in reinforcement learning setting. The network builds an internal plan, which is continuously updated upon observation of the next input from the environmen...
computer science
4,862
Concrete Problems in AI Safety
cs.AI
Rapid progress in machine learning and artificial intelligence (AI) has brought increasing attention to the potential impacts of AI technologies on society. In this paper we discuss one such potential impact: the problem of accidents in machine learning systems, defined as unintended and harmful behavior that may emerg...
computer science
4,863
Adaptive Training of Random Mapping for Data Quantization
cs.LG
Data quantization learns encoding results of data with certain requirements, and provides a broad perspective of many real-world applications to data handling. Nevertheless, the results of encoder is usually limited to multivariate inputs with the random mapping, and side information of binary codes are hardly to mostl...
computer science
4,864
Neighborhood Features Help Detecting Non-Technical Losses in Big Data Sets
cs.LG
Electricity theft is a major problem around the world in both developed and developing countries and may range up to 40% of the total electricity distributed. More generally, electricity theft belongs to non-technical losses (NTL), which are losses that occur during the distribution of electricity in power grids. In th...
computer science
4,865
A New Hierarchical Redundancy Eliminated Tree Augmented Naive Bayes Classifier for Coping with Gene Ontology-based Features
cs.LG
The Tree Augmented Naive Bayes classifier is a type of probabilistic graphical model that can represent some feature dependencies. In this work, we propose a Hierarchical Redundancy Eliminated Tree Augmented Naive Bayes (HRE-TAN) algorithm, which considers removing the hierarchical redundancy during the classifier lear...
computer science
4,866
Characterizing Driving Styles with Deep Learning
cs.AI
Characterizing driving styles of human drivers using vehicle sensor data, e.g., GPS, is an interesting research problem and an important real-world requirement from automotive industries. A good representation of driving features can be highly valuable for autonomous driving, auto insurance, and many other application ...
computer science
4,867
Possibilistic Networks: Parameters Learning from Imprecise Data and Evaluation strategy
cs.AI
There has been an ever-increasing interest in multidisciplinary research on representing and reasoning with imperfect data. Possibilistic networks present one of the powerful frameworks of interest for representing uncertain and imprecise information. This paper covers the problem of their parameters learning from impr...
computer science
4,868
Online Learning of Event Definitions
cs.LG
Systems for symbolic event recognition infer occurrences of events in time using a set of event definitions in the form of first-order rules. The Event Calculus is a temporal logic that has been used as a basis in event recognition applications, providing among others, direct connections to machine learning, via Induct...
computer science
4,869
Can Active Learning Experience Be Transferred?
cs.LG
Active learning is an important machine learning problem in reducing the human labeling effort. Current active learning strategies are designed from human knowledge, and are applied on each dataset in an immutable manner. In other words, experience about the usefulness of strategies cannot be updated and transferred to...
computer science
4,870
Multi-Sensor Prognostics using an Unsupervised Health Index based on LSTM Encoder-Decoder
cs.LG
Many approaches for estimation of Remaining Useful Life (RUL) of a machine, using its operational sensor data, make assumptions about how a system degrades or a fault evolves, e.g., exponential degradation. However, in many domains degradation may not follow a pattern. We propose a Long Short Term Memory based Encoder-...
computer science
4,871
KSR: A Semantic Representation of Knowledge Graph within a Novel Unsupervised Paradigm
cs.LG
Knowledge representation is a long-history topic in AI, which is very important. A variety of models have been proposed for knowledge graph embedding, which projects symbolic entities and relations into continuous vector space. However, most related methods merely focus on the data-fitting of knowledge graph, and ignor...
computer science
4,872
An Integrated Classification Model for Financial Data Mining
cs.AI
Nowadays, financial data analysis is becoming increasingly important in the business market. As companies collect more and more data from daily operations, they expect to extract useful knowledge from existing collected data to help make reasonable decisions for new customer requests, e.g. user credit category, churn a...
computer science
4,873
Episodic Exploration for Deep Deterministic Policies: An Application to StarCraft Micromanagement Tasks
cs.AI
We consider scenarios from the real-time strategy game StarCraft as new benchmarks for reinforcement learning algorithms. We propose micromanagement tasks, which present the problem of the short-term, low-level control of army members during a battle. From a reinforcement learning point of view, these scenarios are cha...
computer science
4,874
Exploration Potential
cs.LG
We introduce exploration potential, a quantity that measures how much a reinforcement learning agent has explored its environment class. In contrast to information gain, exploration potential takes the problem's reward structure into account. This leads to an exploration criterion that is both necessary and sufficient ...
computer science
4,875
SeqGAN: Sequence Generative Adversarial Nets with Policy Gradient
cs.LG
As a new way of training generative models, Generative Adversarial Nets (GAN) that uses a discriminative model to guide the training of the generative model has enjoyed considerable success in generating real-valued data. However, it has limitations when the goal is for generating sequences of discrete tokens. A major ...
computer science
4,876
Towards Deep Symbolic Reinforcement Learning
cs.AI
Deep reinforcement learning (DRL) brings the power of deep neural networks to bear on the generic task of trial-and-error learning, and its effectiveness has been convincingly demonstrated on tasks such as Atari video games and the game of Go. However, contemporary DRL systems inherit a number of shortcomings from the ...
computer science
4,877
Playing FPS Games with Deep Reinforcement Learning
cs.AI
Advances in deep reinforcement learning have allowed autonomous agents to perform well on Atari games, often outperforming humans, using only raw pixels to make their decisions. However, most of these games take place in 2D environments that are fully observable to the agent. In this paper, we present the first archite...
computer science
4,878
Outlier Detection from Network Data with Subnetwork Interpretation
cs.AI
Detecting a small number of outliers from a set of data observations is always challenging. This problem is more difficult in the setting of multiple network samples, where computing the anomalous degree of a network sample is generally not sufficient. In fact, explaining why the network is exceptional, expressed in th...
computer science
4,879
Deep Spatio-Temporal Residual Networks for Citywide Crowd Flows Prediction
cs.AI
Forecasting the flow of crowds is of great importance to traffic management and public safety, yet a very challenging task affected by many complex factors, such as inter-region traffic, events and weather. In this paper, we propose a deep-learning-based approach, called ST-ResNet, to collectively forecast the in-flow ...
computer science
4,880
Can Evolutionary Sampling Improve Bagged Ensembles?
cs.LG
Perturb and Combine (P&C) group of methods generate multiple versions of the predictor by perturbing the training set or construction and then combining them into a single predictor (Breiman, 1996b). The motive is to improve the accuracy in unstable classification and regression methods. One of the most well known meth...
computer science
4,881
$\ell_1$ Regularized Gradient Temporal-Difference Learning
cs.AI
In this paper, we study the Temporal Difference (TD) learning with linear value function approximation. It is well known that most TD learning algorithms are unstable with linear function approximation and off-policy learning. Recent development of Gradient TD (GTD) algorithms has addressed this problem successfully. H...
computer science
4,882
Deep Reinforcement Learning From Raw Pixels in Doom
cs.LG
Using current reinforcement learning methods, it has recently become possible to learn to play unknown 3D games from raw pixels. In this work, we study the challenges that arise in such complex environments, and summarize current methods to approach these. We choose a task within the Doom game, that has not been approa...
computer science
4,883
Extrapolation and learning equations
cs.LG
In classical machine learning, regression is treated as a black box process of identifying a suitable function from a hypothesis set without attempting to gain insight into the mechanism connecting inputs and outputs. In the natural sciences, however, finding an interpretable function for a phenomenon is the prime goal...
computer science
4,884
Bank Card Usage Prediction Exploiting Geolocation Information
cs.LG
We describe the solution of team ISMLL for the ECML-PKDD 2016 Discovery Challenge on Bank Card Usage for both tasks. Our solution is based on three pillars. Gradient boosted decision trees as a strong regression and classification model, an intensive search for good hyperparameter configurations and strong features tha...
computer science
4,885
Wind ramp event prediction with parallelized Gradient Boosted Regression Trees
cs.LG
Accurate prediction of wind ramp events is critical for ensuring the reliability and stability of the power systems with high penetration of wind energy. This paper proposes a classification based approach for estimating the future class of wind ramp event based on certain thresholds. A parallelized gradient boosted re...
computer science
4,886
DPPred: An Effective Prediction Framework with Concise Discriminative Patterns
cs.LG
In the literature, two series of models have been proposed to address prediction problems including classification and regression. Simple models, such as generalized linear models, have ordinary performance but strong interpretability on a set of simple features. The other series, including tree-based models, organize ...
computer science
4,887
Robust Spectral Inference for Joint Stochastic Matrix Factorization
cs.LG
Spectral inference provides fast algorithms and provable optimality for latent topic analysis. But for real data these algorithms require additional ad-hoc heuristics, and even then often produce unusable results. We explain this poor performance by casting the problem of topic inference in the framework of Joint Stoch...
computer science
4,888
TorchCraft: a Library for Machine Learning Research on Real-Time Strategy Games
cs.LG
We present TorchCraft, a library that enables deep learning research on Real-Time Strategy (RTS) games such as StarCraft: Brood War, by making it easier to control these games from a machine learning framework, here Torch. This white paper argues for using RTS games as a benchmark for AI research, and describes the des...
computer science
4,889
Quantile Reinforcement Learning
cs.LG
In reinforcement learning, the standard criterion to evaluate policies in a state is the expectation of (discounted) sum of rewards. However, this criterion may not always be suitable, we consider an alternative criterion based on the notion of quantiles. In the case of episodic reinforcement learning problems, we prop...
computer science
4,890
Extracting Actionability from Machine Learning Models by Sub-optimal Deterministic Planning
cs.AI
A main focus of machine learning research has been improving the generalization accuracy and efficiency of prediction models. Many models such as SVM, random forest, and deep neural nets have been proposed and achieved great success. However, what emerges as missing in many applications is actionability, i.e., the abil...
computer science
4,891
Learning Continuous Semantic Representations of Symbolic Expressions
cs.LG
Combining abstract, symbolic reasoning with continuous neural reasoning is a grand challenge of representation learning. As a step in this direction, we propose a new architecture, called neural equivalence networks, for the problem of learning continuous semantic representations of algebraic and logical expressions. T...
computer science
4,892
Playing SNES in the Retro Learning Environment
cs.LG
Mastering a video game requires skill, tactics and strategy. While these attributes may be acquired naturally by human players, teaching them to a computer program is a far more challenging task. In recent years, extensive research was carried out in the field of reinforcement learning and numerous algorithms were intr...
computer science
4,893
Sequence Tutor: Conservative Fine-Tuning of Sequence Generation Models with KL-control
cs.LG
This paper proposes a general method for improving the structure and quality of sequences generated by a recurrent neural network (RNN), while maintaining information originally learned from data, as well as sample diversity. An RNN is first pre-trained on data using maximum likelihood estimation (MLE), and the probabi...
computer science
4,894
The Sum-Product Theorem: A Foundation for Learning Tractable Models
cs.LG
Inference in expressive probabilistic models is generally intractable, which makes them difficult to learn and limits their applicability. Sum-product networks are a class of deep models where, surprisingly, inference remains tractable even when an arbitrary number of hidden layers are present. In this paper, we genera...
computer science
4,895
A Connection between Generative Adversarial Networks, Inverse Reinforcement Learning, and Energy-Based Models
cs.LG
Generative adversarial networks (GANs) are a recently proposed class of generative models in which a generator is trained to optimize a cost function that is being simultaneously learned by a discriminator. While the idea of learning cost functions is relatively new to the field of generative modeling, learning costs h...
computer science
4,896
#Exploration: A Study of Count-Based Exploration for Deep Reinforcement Learning
cs.AI
Count-based exploration algorithms are known to perform near-optimally when used in conjunction with tabular reinforcement learning (RL) methods for solving small discrete Markov decision processes (MDPs). It is generally thought that count-based methods cannot be applied in high-dimensional state spaces, since most st...
computer science
4,897
Study on Feature Subspace of Archetypal Emotions for Speech Emotion Recognition
cs.LG
Feature subspace selection is an important part in speech emotion recognition. Most of the studies are devoted to finding a feature subspace for representing all emotions. However, some studies have indicated that the features associated with different emotions are not exactly the same. Hence, traditional methods may f...
computer science
4,898
Analysis of a Design Pattern for Teaching with Features and Labels
cs.AI
We study the task of teaching a machine to classify objects using features and labels. We introduce the Error-Driven-Featuring design pattern for teaching using features and labels in which a teacher prefers to introduce features only if they are needed. We analyze the potential risks and benefits of this teaching patt...
computer science
4,899
Options Discovery with Budgeted Reinforcement Learning
cs.LG
We consider the problem of learning hierarchical policies for Reinforcement Learning able to discover options, an option corresponding to a sub-policy over a set of primitive actions. Different models have been proposed during the last decade that usually rely on a predefined set of options. We specifically address the...
computer science