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6,000
Provable Algorithms for Inference in Topic Models
cs.LG
Recently, there has been considerable progress on designing algorithms with provable guarantees -- typically using linear algebraic methods -- for parameter learning in latent variable models. But designing provable algorithms for inference has proven to be more challenging. Here we take a first step towards provable i...
computer science
6,001
Local Region Sparse Learning for Image-on-Scalar Regression
stat.ML
Identification of regions of interest (ROI) associated with certain disease has a great impact on public health. Imposing sparsity of pixel values and extracting active regions simultaneously greatly complicate the image analysis. We address these challenges by introducing a novel region-selection penalty in the framew...
computer science
6,002
Variational Bayesian Inference for Hidden Markov Models With Multivariate Gaussian Output Distributions
cs.LG
Hidden Markov Models (HMM) have been used for several years in many time series analysis or pattern recognitions tasks. HMM are often trained by means of the Baum-Welch algorithm which can be seen as a special variant of an expectation maximization (EM) algorithm. Second-order training techniques such as Variational Ba...
computer science
6,003
PAC-Bayesian Theory Meets Bayesian Inference
stat.ML
We exhibit a strong link between frequentist PAC-Bayesian risk bounds and the Bayesian marginal likelihood. That is, for the negative log-likelihood loss function, we show that the minimization of PAC-Bayesian generalization risk bounds maximizes the Bayesian marginal likelihood. This provides an alternative explanatio...
computer science
6,004
An optimal algorithm for the Thresholding Bandit Problem
stat.ML
We study a specific \textit{combinatorial pure exploration stochastic bandit problem} where the learner aims at finding the set of arms whose means are above a given threshold, up to a given precision, and \textit{for a fixed time horizon}. We propose a parameter-free algorithm based on an original heuristic, and prove...
computer science
6,005
Asymptotic Analysis of Objectives based on Fisher Information in Active Learning
stat.ML
Obtaining labels can be costly and time-consuming. Active learning allows a learning algorithm to intelligently query samples to be labeled for efficient learning. Fisher information ratio (FIR) has been used as an objective for selecting queries in active learning. However, little is known about the theory behind the ...
computer science
6,006
Muffled Semi-Supervised Learning
cs.LG
We explore a novel approach to semi-supervised learning. This approach is contrary to the common approach in that the unlabeled examples serve to "muffle," rather than enhance, the guidance provided by the labeled examples. We provide several variants of the basic algorithm and show experimentally that they can achieve...
computer science
6,007
Tight (Lower) Bounds for the Fixed Budget Best Arm Identification Bandit Problem
stat.ML
We consider the problem of \textit{best arm identification} with a \textit{fixed budget $T$}, in the $K$-armed stochastic bandit setting, with arms distribution defined on $[0,1]$. We prove that any bandit strategy, for at least one bandit problem characterized by a complexity $H$, will misidentify the best arm with pr...
computer science
6,008
TripleSpin - a generic compact paradigm for fast machine learning computations
cs.LG
We present a generic compact computational framework relying on structured random matrices that can be applied to speed up several machine learning algorithms with almost no loss of accuracy. The applications include new fast LSH-based algorithms, efficient kernel computations via random feature maps, convex optimizati...
computer science
6,009
A budget-constrained inverse classification framework for smooth classifiers
cs.LG
Inverse classification is the process of manipulating an instance such that it is more likely to conform to a specific class. Past methods that address such a problem have shortcomings. Greedy methods make changes that are overly radical, often relying on data that is strictly discrete. Other methods rely on certain da...
computer science
6,010
Spectral Methods for Correlated Topic Models
cs.LG
In this paper, we propose guaranteed spectral methods for learning a broad range of topic models, which generalize the popular Latent Dirichlet Allocation (LDA). We overcome the limitation of LDA to incorporate arbitrary topic correlations, by assuming that the hidden topic proportions are drawn from a flexible class o...
computer science
6,011
Forest Floor Visualizations of Random Forests
stat.ML
We propose a novel methodology, forest floor, to visualize and interpret random forest (RF) models. RF is a popular and useful tool for non-linear multi-variate classification and regression, which yields a good trade-off between robustness (low variance) and adaptiveness (low bias). Direct interpretation of a RF model...
computer science
6,012
Kernel Mean Embedding of Distributions: A Review and Beyond
stat.ML
A Hilbert space embedding of a distribution---in short, a kernel mean embedding---has recently emerged as a powerful tool for machine learning and inference. The basic idea behind this framework is to map distributions into a reproducing kernel Hilbert space (RKHS) in which the whole arsenal of kernel methods can be ex...
computer science
6,013
Efficiently Bounding Optimal Solutions after Small Data Modification in Large-Scale Empirical Risk Minimization
stat.ML
We study large-scale classification problems in changing environments where a small part of the dataset is modified, and the effect of the data modification must be quickly incorporated into the classifier. When the entire dataset is large, even if the amount of the data modification is fairly small, the computational ...
computer science
6,014
Short Communication on QUIST: A Quick Clustering Algorithm
cs.LG
In this short communication we introduce the quick clustering algorithm (QUIST), an efficient hierarchical clustering algorithm based on sorting. QUIST is a poly-logarithmic divisive clustering algorithm that does not assume the number of clusters, and/or the cluster size to be known ahead of time. It is also insensiti...
computer science
6,015
Adversarially Learned Inference
stat.ML
We introduce the adversarially learned inference (ALI) model, which jointly learns a generation network and an inference network using an adversarial process. The generation network maps samples from stochastic latent variables to the data space while the inference network maps training examples in data space to the sp...
computer science
6,016
Differentially Private Gaussian Processes
stat.ML
A major challenge for machine learning is increasing the availability of data while respecting the privacy of individuals. Here we combine the provable privacy guarantees of the Differential Privacy framework with the flexibility of Gaussian processes (GPs). We propose a method using GPs to provide Differentially Priva...
computer science
6,017
Sequential Principal Curves Analysis
stat.ML
This work includes all the technical details of the Sequential Principal Curves Analysis (SPCA) in a single document. SPCA is an unsupervised nonlinear and invertible feature extraction technique. The identified curvilinear features can be interpreted as a set of nonlinear sensors: the response of each sensor is the pr...
computer science
6,018
Convolutional Imputation of Matrix Networks
cs.LG
A matrix network is a family of matrices, where the relationship between them is modeled as a weighted graph. Each node represents a matrix, and the weight on each edge represents the similarity between the two matrices. Suppose that we observe a few entries of each matrix with noise, and the fraction of entries we obs...
computer science
6,019
A Graph-Based Semi-Supervised k Nearest-Neighbor Method for Nonlinear Manifold Distributed Data Classification
cs.LG
$k$ Nearest Neighbors ($k$NN) is one of the most widely used supervised learning algorithms to classify Gaussian distributed data, but it does not achieve good results when it is applied to nonlinear manifold distributed data, especially when a very limited amount of labeled samples are available. In this paper, we pro...
computer science
6,020
On Valid Optimal Assignment Kernels and Applications to Graph Classification
cs.LG
The success of kernel methods has initiated the design of novel positive semidefinite functions, in particular for structured data. A leading design paradigm for this is the convolution kernel, which decomposes structured objects into their parts and sums over all pairs of parts. Assignment kernels, in contrast, are ob...
computer science
6,021
Robust Ensemble Clustering Using Probability Trajectories
stat.ML
Although many successful ensemble clustering approaches have been developed in recent years, there are still two limitations to most of the existing approaches. First, they mostly overlook the issue of uncertain links, which may mislead the overall consensus process. Second, they generally lack the ability to incorpora...
computer science
6,022
Bounds for Vector-Valued Function Estimation
stat.ML
We present a framework to derive risk bounds for vector-valued learning with a broad class of feature maps and loss functions. Multi-task learning and one-vs-all multi-category learning are treated as examples. We discuss in detail vector-valued functions with one hidden layer, and demonstrate that the conditions under...
computer science
6,023
Semi-Supervised Learning with Generative Adversarial Networks
stat.ML
We extend Generative Adversarial Networks (GANs) to the semi-supervised context by forcing the discriminator network to output class labels. We train a generative model G and a discriminator D on a dataset with inputs belonging to one of N classes. At training time, D is made to predict which of N+1 classes the input b...
computer science
6,024
Regret Bounds for Non-decomposable Metrics with Missing Labels
cs.LG
We consider the problem of recommending relevant labels (items) for a given data point (user). In particular, we are interested in the practically important setting where the evaluation is with respect to non-decomposable (over labels) performance metrics like the $F_1$ measure, and the training data has missing labels...
computer science
6,025
Towards a Neural Statistician
stat.ML
An efficient learner is one who reuses what they already know to tackle a new problem. For a machine learner, this means understanding the similarities amongst datasets. In order to do this, one must take seriously the idea of working with datasets, rather than datapoints, as the key objects to model. Towards this goal...
computer science
6,026
Clustering with Same-Cluster Queries
cs.LG
We propose a framework for Semi-Supervised Active Clustering framework (SSAC), where the learner is allowed to interact with a domain expert, asking whether two given instances belong to the same cluster or not. We study the query and computational complexity of clustering in this framework. We consider a setting where...
computer science
6,027
Variational Information Maximization for Feature Selection
stat.ML
Feature selection is one of the most fundamental problems in machine learning. An extensive body of work on information-theoretic feature selection exists which is based on maximizing mutual information between subsets of features and class labels. Practical methods are forced to rely on approximations due to the diffi...
computer science
6,028
Sketching for Large-Scale Learning of Mixture Models
cs.LG
Learning parameters from voluminous data can be prohibitive in terms of memory and computational requirements. We propose a "compressive learning" framework where we estimate model parameters from a sketch of the training data. This sketch is a collection of generalized moments of the underlying probability distributio...
computer science
6,029
Causal Bandits: Learning Good Interventions via Causal Inference
stat.ML
We study the problem of using causal models to improve the rate at which good interventions can be learned online in a stochastic environment. Our formalism combines multi-arm bandits and causal inference to model a novel type of bandit feedback that is not exploited by existing approaches. We propose a new algorithm t...
computer science
6,030
Deep Directed Generative Models with Energy-Based Probability Estimation
cs.LG
Training energy-based probabilistic models is confronted with apparently intractable sums, whose Monte Carlo estimation requires sampling from the estimated probability distribution in the inner loop of training. This can be approximately achieved by Markov chain Monte Carlo methods, but may still face a formidable obs...
computer science
6,031
InfoGAN: Interpretable Representation Learning by Information Maximizing Generative Adversarial Nets
cs.LG
This paper describes InfoGAN, an information-theoretic extension to the Generative Adversarial Network that is able to learn disentangled representations in a completely unsupervised manner. InfoGAN is a generative adversarial network that also maximizes the mutual information between a small subset of the latent varia...
computer science
6,032
Comparison of Several Sparse Recovery Methods for Low Rank Matrices with Random Samples
cs.LG
In this paper, we will investigate the efficacy of IMAT (Iterative Method of Adaptive Thresholding) in recovering the sparse signal (parameters) for linear models with missing data. Sparse recovery rises in compressed sensing and machine learning problems and has various applications necessitating viable reconstruction...
computer science
6,033
Efficient KLMS and KRLS Algorithms: A Random Fourier Feature Perspective
cs.LG
We present a new framework for online Least Squares algorithms for nonlinear modeling in RKH spaces (RKHS). Instead of implicitly mapping the data to a RKHS (e.g., kernel trick), we map the data to a finite dimensional Euclidean space, using random features of the kernel's Fourier transform. The advantage is that, the ...
computer science
6,034
Specialized Support Vector Machines for open-set recognition
cs.LG
Often, when dealing with real-world recognition problems, we do not need, and often cannot have, knowledge of the entire set of possible classes that might appear during operational testing. Moreover, sometimes some of these classes may be ill-sampled, not sampled at all or undefined. In such cases, we need to think of...
computer science
6,035
Matching Networks for One Shot Learning
cs.LG
Learning from a few examples remains a key challenge in machine learning. Despite recent advances in important domains such as vision and language, the standard supervised deep learning paradigm does not offer a satisfactory solution for learning new concepts rapidly from little data. In this work, we employ ideas from...
computer science
6,036
The Crossover Process: Learnability and Data Protection from Inference Attacks
cs.LG
It is usual to consider data protection and learnability as conflicting objectives. This is not always the case: we show how to jointly control inference --- seen as the attack --- and learnability by a noise-free process that mixes training examples, the Crossover Process (cp). One key point is that the cp~is typicall...
computer science
6,037
Modal-set estimation with an application to clustering
stat.ML
We present a first procedure that can estimate -- with statistical consistency guarantees -- any local-maxima of a density, under benign distributional conditions. The procedure estimates all such local maxima, or $\textit{modal-sets}$, of any bounded shape or dimension, including usual point-modes. In practice, modal-...
computer science
6,038
Local Canonical Correlation Analysis for Nonlinear Common Variables Discovery
cs.LG
In this paper, we address the problem of hidden common variables discovery from multimodal data sets of nonlinear high-dimensional observations. We present a metric based on local applications of canonical correlation analysis (CCA) and incorporate it in a kernel-based manifold learning technique.We show that this metr...
computer science
6,039
Time for a change: a tutorial for comparing multiple classifiers through Bayesian analysis
stat.ML
The machine learning community adopted the use of null hypothesis significance testing (NHST) in order to ensure the statistical validity of results. Many scientific fields however realized the shortcomings of frequentist reasoning and in the most radical cases even banned its use in publications. We should do the same...
computer science
6,040
A scalable end-to-end Gaussian process adapter for irregularly sampled time series classification
stat.ML
We present a general framework for classification of sparse and irregularly-sampled time series. The properties of such time series can result in substantial uncertainty about the values of the underlying temporal processes, while making the data difficult to deal with using standard classification methods that assume ...
computer science
6,041
Recurrent neural network training with preconditioned stochastic gradient descent
stat.ML
This paper studies the performance of a recently proposed preconditioned stochastic gradient descent (PSGD) algorithm on recurrent neural network (RNN) training. PSGD adaptively estimates a preconditioner to accelerate gradient descent, and is designed to be simple, general and easy to use, as stochastic gradient desce...
computer science
6,042
Masking Strategies for Image Manifolds
stat.ML
We consider the problem of selecting an optimal mask for an image manifold, i.e., choosing a subset of the pixels of the image that preserves the manifold's geometric structure present in the original data. Such masking implements a form of compressive sensing through emerging imaging sensor platforms for which the pow...
computer science
6,043
Improving Variational Inference with Inverse Autoregressive Flow
cs.LG
The framework of normalizing flows provides a general strategy for flexible variational inference of posteriors over latent variables. We propose a new type of normalizing flow, inverse autoregressive flow (IAF), that, in contrast to earlier published flows, scales well to high-dimensional latent spaces. The proposed f...
computer science
6,044
Logarithmic Time One-Against-Some
stat.ML
We create a new online reduction of multiclass classification to binary classification for which training and prediction time scale logarithmically with the number of classes. Compared to previous approaches, we obtain substantially better statistical performance for two reasons: First, we prove a tighter and more comp...
computer science
6,045
Learning Optimal Interventions
stat.ML
Our goal is to identify beneficial interventions from observational data. We consider interventions that are narrowly focused (impacting few covariates) and may be tailored to each individual or globally enacted over a population. For applications where harmful intervention is drastically worse than proposing no change...
computer science
6,046
Pruning Random Forests for Prediction on a Budget
stat.ML
We propose to prune a random forest (RF) for resource-constrained prediction. We first construct a RF and then prune it to optimize expected feature cost & accuracy. We pose pruning RFs as a novel 0-1 integer program with linear constraints that encourages feature re-use. We establish total unimodularity of the constra...
computer science
6,047
ACDC: $α$-Carving Decision Chain for Risk Stratification
stat.ML
In many healthcare settings, intuitive decision rules for risk stratification can help effective hospital resource allocation. This paper introduces a novel variant of decision tree algorithms that produces a chain of decisions, not a general tree. Our algorithm, $\alpha$-Carving Decision Chain (ACDC), sequentially car...
computer science
6,048
Model-Agnostic Interpretability of Machine Learning
stat.ML
Understanding why machine learning models behave the way they do empowers both system designers and end-users in many ways: in model selection, feature engineering, in order to trust and act upon the predictions, and in more intuitive user interfaces. Thus, interpretability has become a vital concern in machine learnin...
computer science
6,049
Learning Interpretable Musical Compositional Rules and Traces
stat.ML
Throughout music history, theorists have identified and documented interpretable rules that capture the decisions of composers. This paper asks, "Can a machine behave like a music theorist?" It presents MUS-ROVER, a self-learning system for automatically discovering rules from symbolic music. MUS-ROVER performs feature...
computer science
6,050
Ground Truth Bias in External Cluster Validity Indices
stat.ML
It has been noticed that some external CVIs exhibit a preferential bias towards a larger or smaller number of clusters which is monotonic (directly or inversely) in the number of clusters in candidate partitions. This type of bias is caused by the functional form of the CVI model. For example, the popular Rand index (R...
computer science
6,051
Using Visual Analytics to Interpret Predictive Machine Learning Models
stat.ML
It is commonly believed that increasing the interpretability of a machine learning model may decrease its predictive power. However, inspecting input-output relationships of those models using visual analytics, while treating them as black-box, can help to understand the reasoning behind outcomes without sacrificing pr...
computer science
6,052
Structured Stochastic Linear Bandits
stat.ML
The stochastic linear bandit problem proceeds in rounds where at each round the algorithm selects a vector from a decision set after which it receives a noisy linear loss parameterized by an unknown vector. The goal in such a problem is to minimize the (pseudo) regret which is the difference between the total expected ...
computer science
6,053
Interpretable Two-level Boolean Rule Learning for Classification
stat.ML
As a contribution to interpretable machine learning research, we develop a novel optimization framework for learning accurate and sparse two-level Boolean rules. We consider rules in both conjunctive normal form (AND-of-ORs) and disjunctive normal form (OR-of-ANDs). A principled objective function is proposed to trade ...
computer science
6,054
Building an Interpretable Recommender via Loss-Preserving Transformation
stat.ML
We propose a method for building an interpretable recommender system for personalizing online content and promotions. Historical data available for the system consists of customer features, provided content (promotions), and user responses. Unlike in a standard multi-class classification setting, misclassification cost...
computer science
6,055
Clustering with a Reject Option: Interactive Clustering as Bayesian Prior Elicitation
stat.ML
A good clustering can help a data analyst to explore and understand a data set, but what constitutes a good clustering may depend on domain-specific and application-specific criteria. These criteria can be difficult to formalize, even when it is easy for an analyst to know a good clustering when they see one. We presen...
computer science
6,056
Tutorial on Variational Autoencoders
stat.ML
In just three years, Variational Autoencoders (VAEs) have emerged as one of the most popular approaches to unsupervised learning of complicated distributions. VAEs are appealing because they are built on top of standard function approximators (neural networks), and can be trained with stochastic gradient descent. VAEs ...
computer science
6,057
Online and Differentially-Private Tensor Decomposition
stat.ML
In this paper, we resolve many of the key algorithmic questions regarding robustness, memory efficiency, and differential privacy of tensor decomposition. We propose simple variants of the tensor power method which enjoy these strong properties. We present the first guarantees for online tensor power method which has a...
computer science
6,058
An Empirical Comparison of Sampling Quality Metrics: A Case Study for Bayesian Nonnegative Matrix Factorization
cs.LG
In this work, we empirically explore the question: how can we assess the quality of samples from some target distribution? We assume that the samples are provided by some valid Monte Carlo procedure, so we are guaranteed that the collection of samples will asymptotically approximate the true distribution. Most current ...
computer science
6,059
FSMJ: Feature Selection with Maximum Jensen-Shannon Divergence for Text Categorization
stat.ML
In this paper, we present a new wrapper feature selection approach based on Jensen-Shannon (JS) divergence, termed feature selection with maximum JS-divergence (FSMJ), for text categorization. Unlike most existing feature selection approaches, the proposed FSMJ approach is based on real-valued features which provide mo...
computer science
6,060
Kernel-based Generative Learning in Distortion Feature Space
stat.ML
This paper presents a novel kernel-based generative classifier which is defined in a distortion subspace using polynomial series expansion, named Kernel-Distortion (KD) classifier. An iterative kernel selection algorithm is developed to steadily improve classification performance by repeatedly removing and adding kerne...
computer science
6,061
Finite Sample Prediction and Recovery Bounds for Ordinal Embedding
stat.ML
The goal of ordinal embedding is to represent items as points in a low-dimensional Euclidean space given a set of constraints in the form of distance comparisons like "item $i$ is closer to item $j$ than item $k$". Ordinal constraints like this often come from human judgments. To account for errors and variation in jud...
computer science
6,062
Visualizing Dynamics: from t-SNE to SEMI-MDPs
stat.ML
Deep Reinforcement Learning (DRL) is a trending field of research, showing great promise in many challenging problems such as playing Atari, solving Go and controlling robots. While DRL agents perform well in practice we are still missing the tools to analayze their performance and visualize the temporal abstractions t...
computer science
6,063
Explainable Restricted Boltzmann Machines for Collaborative Filtering
stat.ML
Most accurate recommender systems are black-box models, hiding the reasoning behind their recommendations. Yet explanations have been shown to increase the user's trust in the system in addition to providing other benefits such as scrutability, meaning the ability to verify the validity of recommendations. This gap bet...
computer science
6,064
Interpretable Machine Learning Models for the Digital Clock Drawing Test
stat.ML
The Clock Drawing Test (CDT) is a rapid, inexpensive, and popular neuropsychological screening tool for cognitive conditions. The Digital Clock Drawing Test (dCDT) uses novel software to analyze data from a digitizing ballpoint pen that reports its position with considerable spatial and temporal precision, making possi...
computer science
6,065
Algorithmic Composition of Melodies with Deep Recurrent Neural Networks
stat.ML
A big challenge in algorithmic composition is to devise a model that is both easily trainable and able to reproduce the long-range temporal dependencies typical of music. Here we investigate how artificial neural networks can be trained on a large corpus of melodies and turned into automated music composers able to gen...
computer science
6,066
Multiclass feature learning for hyperspectral image classification: sparse and hierarchical solutions
stat.ML
In this paper, we tackle the question of discovering an effective set of spatial filters to solve hyperspectral classification problems. Instead of fixing a priori the filters and their parameters using expert knowledge, we let the model find them within random draws in the (possibly infinite) space of possible filters...
computer science
6,067
Non-convex regularization in remote sensing
stat.ML
In this paper, we study the effect of different regularizers and their implications in high dimensional image classification and sparse linear unmixing. Although kernelization or sparse methods are globally accepted solutions for processing data in high dimensions, we present here a study on the impact of the form of r...
computer science
6,068
Parallel SGD: When does averaging help?
stat.ML
Consider a number of workers running SGD independently on the same pool of data and averaging the models every once in a while -- a common but not well understood practice. We study model averaging as a variance-reducing mechanism and describe two ways in which the frequency of averaging affects convergence. For convex...
computer science
6,069
Regression Trees and Random forest based feature selection for malaria risk exposure prediction
stat.ML
This paper deals with prediction of anopheles number, the main vector of malaria risk, using environmental and climate variables. The variables selection is based on an automatic machine learning method using regression trees, and random forests combined with stratified two levels cross validation. The minimum threshol...
computer science
6,070
Is the Bellman residual a bad proxy?
cs.LG
This paper aims at theoretically and empirically comparing two standard optimization criteria for Reinforcement Learning: i) maximization of the mean value and ii) minimization of the Bellman residual. For that purpose, we place ourselves in the framework of policy search algorithms, that are usually designed to maximi...
computer science
6,071
Fast Methods for Recovering Sparse Parameters in Linear Low Rank Models
cs.LG
In this paper, we investigate the recovery of a sparse weight vector (parameters vector) from a set of noisy linear combinations. However, only partial information about the matrix representing the linear combinations is available. Assuming a low-rank structure for the matrix, one natural solution would be to first app...
computer science
6,072
Estimating the class prior and posterior from noisy positives and unlabeled data
stat.ML
We develop a classification algorithm for estimating posterior distributions from positive-unlabeled data, that is robust to noise in the positive labels and effective for high-dimensional data. In recent years, several algorithms have been proposed to learn from positive-unlabeled data; however, many of these contribu...
computer science
6,073
Clustering-Based Relational Unsupervised Representation Learning with an Explicit Distributed Representation
stat.ML
The goal of unsupervised representation learning is to extract a new representation of data, such that solving many different tasks becomes easier. Existing methods typically focus on vectorized data and offer little support for relational data, which additionally describe relationships among instances. In this work we...
computer science
6,074
Multi-View Kernel Consensus For Data Analysis and Signal Processing
cs.LG
The input data features set for many data driven tasks is high-dimensional while the intrinsic dimension of the data is low. Data analysis methods aim to uncover the underlying low dimensional structure imposed by the low dimensional hidden parameters by utilizing distance metrics that consider the set of attributes as...
computer science
6,075
A Semi-Definite Programming approach to low dimensional embedding for unsupervised clustering
stat.ML
This paper proposes a variant of the method of Gu\'edon and Verhynin for estimating the cluster matrix in the Mixture of Gaussians framework via Semi-Definite Programming. A clustering oriented embedding is deduced from this estimate. The procedure is suitable for very high dimensional data because it is based on pairw...
computer science
6,076
Tighter bounds lead to improved classifiers
cs.LG
The standard approach to supervised classification involves the minimization of a log-loss as an upper bound to the classification error. While this is a tight bound early on in the optimization, it overemphasizes the influence of incorrectly classified examples far from the decision boundary. Updating the upper bound ...
computer science
6,077
Convolutional Neural Networks on Graphs with Fast Localized Spectral Filtering
cs.LG
In this work, we are interested in generalizing convolutional neural networks (CNNs) from low-dimensional regular grids, where image, video and speech are represented, to high-dimensional irregular domains, such as social networks, brain connectomes or words' embedding, represented by graphs. We present a formulation o...
computer science
6,078
Asymptotically Optimal Algorithms for Budgeted Multiple Play Bandits
stat.ML
We study a generalization of the multi-armed bandit problem with multiple plays where there is a cost associated with pulling each arm and the agent has a budget at each time that dictates how much she can expect to spend. We derive an asymptotic regret lower bound for any uniformly efficient algorithm in our setting. ...
computer science
6,079
Vote-boosting ensembles
cs.LG
Vote-boosting is a sequential ensemble learning method in which the individual classifiers are built on different weighted versions of the training data. To build a new classifier, the weight of each training instance is determined in terms of the degree of disagreement among the current ensemble predictions for that i...
computer science
6,080
A Model Explanation System: Latest Updates and Extensions
stat.ML
We propose a general model explanation system (MES) for "explaining" the output of black box classifiers. This paper describes extensions to Turner (2015), which is referred to frequently in the text. We use the motivating example of a classifier trained to detect fraud in a credit card transaction history. The key asp...
computer science
6,081
Ballpark Learning: Estimating Labels from Rough Group Comparisons
stat.ML
We are interested in estimating individual labels given only coarse, aggregated signal over the data points. In our setting, we receive sets ("bags") of unlabeled instances with constraints on label proportions. We relax the unrealistic assumption of known label proportions, made in previous work; instead, we assume on...
computer science
6,082
Unsupervised Learning with Imbalanced Data via Structure Consolidation Latent Variable Model
cs.LG
Unsupervised learning on imbalanced data is challenging because, when given imbalanced data, current model is often dominated by the major category and ignores the categories with small amount of data. We develop a latent variable model that can cope with imbalanced data by dividing the latent space into a shared space...
computer science
6,083
Combining Gradient Boosting Machines with Collective Inference to Predict Continuous Values
cs.LG
Gradient boosting of regression trees is a competitive procedure for learning predictive models of continuous data that fits the data with an additive non-parametric model. The classic version of gradient boosting assumes that the data is independent and identically distributed. However, relational data with interdepen...
computer science
6,084
Efficient and Consistent Robust Time Series Analysis
cs.LG
We study the problem of robust time series analysis under the standard auto-regressive (AR) time series model in the presence of arbitrary outliers. We devise an efficient hard thresholding based algorithm which can obtain a consistent estimate of the optimal AR model despite a large fraction of the time series points ...
computer science
6,085
A scaled Bregman theorem with applications
cs.LG
Bregman divergences play a central role in the design and analysis of a range of machine learning algorithms. This paper explores the use of Bregman divergences to establish reductions between such algorithms and their analyses. We present a new scaled isodistortion theorem involving Bregman divergences (scaled Bregman...
computer science
6,086
Group Sparse Regularization for Deep Neural Networks
stat.ML
In this paper, we consider the joint task of simultaneously optimizing (i) the weights of a deep neural network, (ii) the number of neurons for each hidden layer, and (iii) the subset of active input features (i.e., feature selection). While these problems are generally dealt with separately, we present a simple regula...
computer science
6,087
Rademacher Complexity Bounds for a Penalized Multiclass Semi-Supervised Algorithm
stat.ML
We propose Rademacher complexity bounds for multiclass classifiers trained with a two-step semi-supervised model. In the first step, the algorithm partitions the partially labeled data and then identifies dense clusters containing $\kappa$ predominant classes using the labeled training examples such that the proportion...
computer science
6,088
Understanding the Energy and Precision Requirements for Online Learning
stat.ML
It is well-known that the precision of data, hyperparameters, and internal representations employed in learning systems directly impacts its energy, throughput, and latency. The precision requirements for the training algorithm are also important for systems that learn on-the-fly. Prior work has shown that the data and...
computer science
6,089
How to Evaluate the Quality of Unsupervised Anomaly Detection Algorithms?
stat.ML
When sufficient labeled data are available, classical criteria based on Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) or Precision-Recall (PR) curves can be used to compare the performance of un-supervised anomaly detection algorithms. However , in many situations, few or no data are labeled. This calls for alternative crite...
computer science
6,090
Learning Discriminative Features using Encoder-Decoder type Deep Neural Nets
cs.LG
As machine learning is applied to an increasing variety of complex problems, which are defined by high dimensional and complex data sets, the necessity for task oriented feature learning grows in importance. With the advancement of Deep Learning algorithms, various successful feature learning techniques have evolved. I...
computer science
6,091
An Aggregate and Iterative Disaggregate Algorithm with Proven Optimality in Machine Learning
stat.ML
We propose a clustering-based iterative algorithm to solve certain optimization problems in machine learning, where we start the algorithm by aggregating the original data, solving the problem on aggregated data, and then in subsequent steps gradually disaggregate the aggregated data. We apply the algorithm to common m...
computer science
6,092
Algorithms for Generalized Cluster-wise Linear Regression
stat.ML
Cluster-wise linear regression (CLR), a clustering problem intertwined with regression, is to find clusters of entities such that the overall sum of squared errors from regressions performed over these clusters is minimized, where each cluster may have different variances. We generalize the CLR problem by allowing each...
computer science
6,093
An optimal learning method for developing personalized treatment regimes
stat.ML
A treatment regime is a function that maps individual patient information to a recommended treatment, hence explicitly incorporating the heterogeneity in need for treatment across individuals. Patient responses are dichotomous and can be predicted through an unknown relationship that depends on the patient information ...
computer science
6,094
Tensor Decomposition for Signal Processing and Machine Learning
stat.ML
Tensors or {\em multi-way arrays} are functions of three or more indices $(i,j,k,\cdots)$ -- similar to matrices (two-way arrays), which are functions of two indices $(r,c)$ for (row,column). Tensors have a rich history, stretching over almost a century, and touching upon numerous disciplines; but they have only recent...
computer science
6,095
Nesterov's Accelerated Gradient and Momentum as approximations to Regularised Update Descent
stat.ML
We present a unifying framework for adapting the update direction in gradient-based iterative optimization methods. As natural special cases we re-derive classical momentum and Nesterov's accelerated gradient method, lending a new intuitive interpretation to the latter algorithm. We show that a new algorithm, which we ...
computer science
6,096
Mini-Batch Spectral Clustering
stat.ML
The cost of computing the spectrum of Laplacian matrices hinders the application of spectral clustering to large data sets. While approximations recover computational tractability, they can potentially affect clustering performance. This paper proposes a practical approach to learn spectral clustering based on adaptive...
computer science
6,097
Proceedings of the 2016 ICML Workshop on Human Interpretability in Machine Learning (WHI 2016)
stat.ML
This is the Proceedings of the 2016 ICML Workshop on Human Interpretability in Machine Learning (WHI 2016), which was held in New York, NY, June 23, 2016. Invited speakers were Susan Athey, Rich Caruana, Jacob Feldman, Percy Liang, and Hanna Wallach.
computer science
6,098
Learning a metric for class-conditional KNN
cs.LG
Naive Bayes Nearest Neighbour (NBNN) is a simple and effective framework which addresses many of the pitfalls of K-Nearest Neighbour (KNN) classification. It has yielded competitive results on several computer vision benchmarks. Its central tenet is that during NN search, a query is not compared to every example in a d...
computer science
6,099
Information Projection and Approximate Inference for Structured Sparse Variables
stat.ML
Approximate inference via information projection has been recently introduced as a general-purpose approach for efficient probabilistic inference given sparse variables. This manuscript goes beyond classical sparsity by proposing efficient algorithms for approximate inference via information projection that are applica...
computer science