Unnamed: 0
int64
0
41k
title
stringlengths
4
274
category
stringlengths
5
18
summary
stringlengths
22
3.66k
theme
stringclasses
8 values
6,100
Predicting the evolution of stationary graph signals
stat.ML
An emerging way of tackling the dimensionality issues arising in the modeling of a multivariate process is to assume that the inherent data structure can be captured by a graph. Nevertheless, though state-of-the-art graph-based methods have been successful for many learning tasks, they do not consider time-evolving sig...
computer science
6,101
Incomplete Pivoted QR-based Dimensionality Reduction
cs.LG
High-dimensional big data appears in many research fields such as image recognition, biology and collaborative filtering. Often, the exploration of such data by classic algorithms is encountered with difficulties due to `curse of dimensionality' phenomenon. Therefore, dimensionality reduction methods are applied to the...
computer science
6,102
Nystrom Method for Approximating the GMM Kernel
stat.ML
The GMM (generalized min-max) kernel was recently proposed (Li, 2016) as a measure of data similarity and was demonstrated effective in machine learning tasks. In order to use the GMM kernel for large-scale datasets, the prior work resorted to the (generalized) consistent weighted sampling (GCWS) to convert the GMM ker...
computer science
6,103
Learning Shallow Detection Cascades for Wearable Sensor-Based Mobile Health Applications
stat.ML
The field of mobile health aims to leverage recent advances in wearable on-body sensing technology and smart phone computing capabilities to develop systems that can monitor health states and deliver just-in-time adaptive interventions. However, existing work has largely focused on analyzing collected data in the off-l...
computer science
6,104
Feature Extraction and Automated Classification of Heartbeats by Machine Learning
stat.ML
We present algorithms for the detection of a class of heart arrhythmias with the goal of eventual adoption by practicing cardiologists. In clinical practice, detection is based on a small number of meaningful features extracted from the heartbeat cycle. However, techniques proposed in the literature use high dimensiona...
computer science
6,105
Learning Unitary Operators with Help From u(n)
stat.ML
A major challenge in the training of recurrent neural networks is the so-called vanishing or exploding gradient problem. The use of a norm-preserving transition operator can address this issue, but parametrization is challenging. In this work we focus on unitary operators and describe a parametrization using the Lie al...
computer science
6,106
Geometric Mean Metric Learning
stat.ML
We revisit the task of learning a Euclidean metric from data. We approach this problem from first principles and formulate it as a surprisingly simple optimization problem. Indeed, our formulation even admits a closed form solution. This solution possesses several very attractive properties: (i) an innate geometric app...
computer science
6,107
A Batch, Off-Policy, Actor-Critic Algorithm for Optimizing the Average Reward
stat.ML
We develop an off-policy actor-critic algorithm for learning an optimal policy from a training set composed of data from multiple individuals. This algorithm is developed with a view towards its use in mobile health.
computer science
6,108
On the Identification and Mitigation of Weaknesses in the Knowledge Gradient Policy for Multi-Armed Bandits
stat.ML
The Knowledge Gradient (KG) policy was originally proposed for online ranking and selection problems but has recently been adapted for use in online decision making in general and multi-armed bandit problems (MABs) in particular. We study its use in a class of exponential family MABs and identify weaknesses, including ...
computer science
6,109
Explaining Classification Models Built on High-Dimensional Sparse Data
stat.ML
Predictive modeling applications increasingly use data representing people's behavior, opinions, and interactions. Fine-grained behavior data often has different structure from traditional data, being very high-dimensional and sparse. Models built from these data are quite difficult to interpret, since they contain man...
computer science
6,110
Hierarchical Clustering of Asymmetric Networks
cs.LG
This paper considers networks where relationships between nodes are represented by directed dissimilarities. The goal is to study methods that, based on the dissimilarity structure, output hierarchical clusters, i.e., a family of nested partitions indexed by a connectivity parameter. Our construction of hierarchical cl...
computer science
6,111
Uncovering Causality from Multivariate Hawkes Integrated Cumulants
stat.ML
We design a new nonparametric method that allows one to estimate the matrix of integrated kernels of a multivariate Hawkes process. This matrix not only encodes the mutual influences of each nodes of the process, but also disentangles the causality relationships between them. Our approach is the first that leads to an ...
computer science
6,112
Admissible Hierarchical Clustering Methods and Algorithms for Asymmetric Networks
cs.LG
This paper characterizes hierarchical clustering methods that abide by two previously introduced axioms -- thus, denominated admissible methods -- and proposes tractable algorithms for their implementation. We leverage the fact that, for asymmetric networks, every admissible method must be contained between reciprocal ...
computer science
6,113
Distributed Supervised Learning using Neural Networks
stat.ML
Distributed learning is the problem of inferring a function in the case where training data is distributed among multiple geographically separated sources. Particularly, the focus is on designing learning strategies with low computational requirements, in which communication is restricted only to neighboring agents, wi...
computer science
6,114
Layer Normalization
stat.ML
Training state-of-the-art, deep neural networks is computationally expensive. One way to reduce the training time is to normalize the activities of the neurons. A recently introduced technique called batch normalization uses the distribution of the summed input to a neuron over a mini-batch of training cases to compute...
computer science
6,115
On the Use of Sparse Filtering for Covariate Shift Adaptation
cs.LG
In this paper we formally analyse the use of sparse filtering algorithms to perform covariate shift adaptation. We provide a theoretical analysis of sparse filtering by evaluating the conditions required to perform covariate shift adaptation. We prove that sparse filtering can perform adaptation only if the conditional...
computer science
6,116
Interactive Learning from Multiple Noisy Labels
cs.LG
Interactive learning is a process in which a machine learning algorithm is provided with meaningful, well-chosen examples as opposed to randomly chosen examples typical in standard supervised learning. In this paper, we propose a new method for interactive learning from multiple noisy labels where we exploit the disagr...
computer science
6,117
Scaling Up Sparse Support Vector Machines by Simultaneous Feature and Sample Reduction
stat.ML
Sparse support vector machine (SVM) is a popular classification technique that can simultaneously learn a small set of the most interpretable features and identify the support vectors. It has achieved great successes in many real-world applications. However, for large-scale problems involving a huge number of samples a...
computer science
6,118
Higher-Order Factorization Machines
stat.ML
Factorization machines (FMs) are a supervised learning approach that can use second-order feature combinations even when the data is very high-dimensional. Unfortunately, despite increasing interest in FMs, there exists to date no efficient training algorithm for higher-order FMs (HOFMs). In this paper, we present the ...
computer science
6,119
Deepr: A Convolutional Net for Medical Records
stat.ML
Feature engineering remains a major bottleneck when creating predictive systems from electronic medical records. At present, an important missing element is detecting predictive regular clinical motifs from irregular episodic records. We present Deepr (short for Deep record), a new end-to-end deep learning system that ...
computer science
6,120
Using Kernel Methods and Model Selection for Prediction of Preterm Birth
cs.LG
We describe an application of machine learning to the problem of predicting preterm birth. We conduct a secondary analysis on a clinical trial dataset collected by the National In- stitute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD) while focusing our attention on predicting different classes of preterm birth. We com...
computer science
6,121
Convolutional Neural Networks Analyzed via Convolutional Sparse Coding
stat.ML
Convolutional neural networks (CNN) have led to many state-of-the-art results spanning through various fields. However, a clear and profound theoretical understanding of the forward pass, the core algorithm of CNN, is still lacking. In parallel, within the wide field of sparse approximation, Convolutional Sparse Coding...
computer science
6,122
A Non-Parametric Learning Approach to Identify Online Human Trafficking
cs.LG
Human trafficking is among the most challenging law enforcement problems which demands persistent fight against from all over the globe. In this study, we leverage readily available data from the website "Backpage"-- used for classified advertisement-- to discern potential patterns of human trafficking activities which...
computer science
6,123
Polynomial Networks and Factorization Machines: New Insights and Efficient Training Algorithms
stat.ML
Polynomial networks and factorization machines are two recently-proposed models that can efficiently use feature interactions in classification and regression tasks. In this paper, we revisit both models from a unified perspective. Based on this new view, we study the properties of both models and propose new efficient...
computer science
6,124
gLOP: the global and Local Penalty for Capturing Predictive Heterogeneity
stat.ML
When faced with a supervised learning problem, we hope to have rich enough data to build a model that predicts future instances well. However, in practice, problems can exhibit predictive heterogeneity: most instances might be relatively easy to predict, while others might be predictive outliers for which a model train...
computer science
6,125
Learning Tree-Structured Detection Cascades for Heterogeneous Networks of Embedded Devices
stat.ML
In this paper, we present a new approach to learning cascaded classifiers for use in computing environments that involve networks of heterogeneous and resource-constrained, low-power embedded compute and sensing nodes. We present a generalization of the classical linear detection cascade to the case of tree-structured ...
computer science
6,126
On Regularization Parameter Estimation under Covariate Shift
cs.LG
This paper identifies a problem with the usual procedure for L2-regularization parameter estimation in a domain adaptation setting. In such a setting, there are differences between the distributions generating the training data (source domain) and the test data (target domain). The usual cross-validation procedure requ...
computer science
6,127
Recursion-Free Online Multiple Incremental/Decremental Analysis Based on Ridge Support Vector Learning
cs.LG
This study presents a rapid multiple incremental and decremental mechanism based on Weight-Error Curves (WECs) for support-vector analysis. Recursion-free computation is proposed for predicting the Lagrangian multipliers of new samples. This study examines Ridge Support Vector Models, subsequently devising a recursion-...
computer science
6,128
Efficient Multiple Incremental Computation for Kernel Ridge Regression with Bayesian Uncertainty Modeling
cs.LG
This study presents an efficient incremental/decremental approach for big streams based on Kernel Ridge Regression (KRR), a frequently used data analysis in cloud centers. To avoid reanalyzing the whole dataset whenever sensors receive new training data, typical incremental KRR used a single-instance mechanism for upda...
computer science
6,129
Clinical Tagging with Joint Probabilistic Models
stat.ML
We describe a method for parameter estimation in bipartite probabilistic graphical models for joint prediction of clinical conditions from the electronic medical record. The method does not rely on the availability of gold-standard labels, but rather uses noisy labels, called anchors, for learning. We provide a likelih...
computer science
6,130
Identifiable Phenotyping using Constrained Non-Negative Matrix Factorization
stat.ML
This work proposes a new algorithm for automated and simultaneous phenotyping of multiple co-occurring medical conditions, also referred as comorbidities, using clinical notes from the electronic health records (EHRs). A basic latent factor estimation technique of non-negative matrix factorization (NMF) is augmented wi...
computer science
6,131
Exponential Family Embeddings
stat.ML
Word embeddings are a powerful approach for capturing semantic similarity among terms in a vocabulary. In this paper, we develop exponential family embeddings, a class of methods that extends the idea of word embeddings to other types of high-dimensional data. As examples, we studied neural data with real-valued observ...
computer science
6,132
Hierarchically Compositional Kernels for Scalable Nonparametric Learning
cs.LG
We propose a novel class of kernels to alleviate the high computational cost of large-scale nonparametric learning with kernel methods. The proposed kernel is defined based on a hierarchical partitioning of the underlying data domain, where the Nystr\"om method (a globally low-rank approximation) is married with a loca...
computer science
6,133
Learning a Driving Simulator
cs.LG
Comma.ai's approach to Artificial Intelligence for self-driving cars is based on an agent that learns to clone driver behaviors and plans maneuvers by simulating future events in the road. This paper illustrates one of our research approaches for driving simulation. One where we learn to simulate. Here we investigate v...
computer science
6,134
Bayesian Kernel and Mutual $k$-Nearest Neighbor Regression
cs.LG
We propose Bayesian extensions of two nonparametric regression methods which are kernel and mutual $k$-nearest neighbor regression methods. Derived based on Gaussian process models for regression, the extensions provide distributions for target value estimates and the framework to select the hyperparameters. It is show...
computer science
6,135
A Distance for HMMs based on Aggregated Wasserstein Metric and State Registration
cs.LG
We propose a framework, named Aggregated Wasserstein, for computing a dissimilarity measure or distance between two Hidden Markov Models with state conditional distributions being Gaussian. For such HMMs, the marginal distribution at any time spot follows a Gaussian mixture distribution, a fact exploited to softly matc...
computer science
6,136
Kernel Ridge Regression via Partitioning
stat.ML
In this paper, we investigate a divide and conquer approach to Kernel Ridge Regression (KRR). Given n samples, the division step involves separating the points based on some underlying disjoint partition of the input space (possibly via clustering), and then computing a KRR estimate for each partition. The conquering s...
computer science
6,137
Posterior Sampling for Reinforcement Learning Without Episodes
stat.ML
This is a brief technical note to clarify some of the issues with applying the application of the algorithm posterior sampling for reinforcement learning (PSRL) in environments without fixed episodes. In particular, this paper aims to: - Review some of results which have been proven for finite horizon MDPs (Osband et...
computer science
6,138
On Lower Bounds for Regret in Reinforcement Learning
stat.ML
This is a brief technical note to clarify the state of lower bounds on regret for reinforcement learning. In particular, this paper: - Reproduces a lower bound on regret for reinforcement learning, similar to the result of Theorem 5 in the journal UCRL2 paper (Jaksch et al 2010). - Clarifies that the proposed proof...
computer science
6,139
Classification with the pot-pot plot
stat.ML
We propose a procedure for supervised classification that is based on potential functions. The potential of a class is defined as a kernel density estimate multiplied by the class's prior probability. The method transforms the data to a potential-potential (pot-pot) plot, where each data point is mapped to a vector of ...
computer science
6,140
Stochastic Rank-1 Bandits
cs.LG
We propose stochastic rank-$1$ bandits, a class of online learning problems where at each step a learning agent chooses a pair of row and column arms, and receives the product of their values as a reward. The main challenge of the problem is that the individual values of the row and column are unobserved. We assume tha...
computer science
6,141
Estimation from Indirect Supervision with Linear Moments
stat.ML
In structured prediction problems where we have indirect supervision of the output, maximum marginal likelihood faces two computational obstacles: non-convexity of the objective and intractability of even a single gradient computation. In this paper, we bypass both obstacles for a class of what we call linear indirectl...
computer science
6,142
Temporal Learning and Sequence Modeling for a Job Recommender System
cs.LG
We present our solution to the job recommendation task for RecSys Challenge 2016. The main contribution of our work is to combine temporal learning with sequence modeling to capture complex user-item activity patterns to improve job recommendations. First, we propose a time-based ranking model applied to historical obs...
computer science
6,143
Distributed learning with regularized least squares
cs.LG
We study distributed learning with the least squares regularization scheme in a reproducing kernel Hilbert space (RKHS). By a divide-and-conquer approach, the algorithm partitions a data set into disjoint data subsets, applies the least squares regularization scheme to each data subset to produce an output function, an...
computer science
6,144
Sequence Graph Transform (SGT): A Feature Extraction Function for Sequence Data Mining (Extended Version)
stat.ML
The ubiquitous presence of sequence data across fields such as the web, healthcare, bioinformatics, and text mining has made sequence mining a vital research area. However, sequence mining is particularly challenging because of difficulty in finding (dis)similarity/distance between sequences. This is because a distance...
computer science
6,145
Bayesian Model Selection Methods for Mutual and Symmetric $k$-Nearest Neighbor Classification
cs.LG
The $k$-nearest neighbor classification method ($k$-NNC) is one of the simplest nonparametric classification methods. The mutual $k$-NN classification method (M$k$NNC) is a variant of $k$-NNC based on mutual neighborship. We propose another variant of $k$-NNC, the symmetric $k$-NN classification method (S$k$NNC) based ...
computer science
6,146
The Bayesian Low-Rank Determinantal Point Process Mixture Model
stat.ML
Determinantal point processes (DPPs) are an elegant model for encoding probabilities over subsets, such as shopping baskets, of a ground set, such as an item catalog. They are useful for a number of machine learning tasks, including product recommendation. DPPs are parametrized by a positive semi-definite kernel matrix...
computer science
6,147
Consistency constraints for overlapping data clustering
cs.LG
We examine overlapping clustering schemes with functorial constraints, in the spirit of Carlsson--Memoli. This avoids issues arising from the chaining required by partition-based methods. Our principal result shows that any clustering functor is naturally constrained to refine single-linkage clusters and be refined by ...
computer science
6,148
Generalization of ERM in Stochastic Convex Optimization: The Dimension Strikes Back
cs.LG
In stochastic convex optimization the goal is to minimize a convex function $F(x) \doteq {\mathbf E}_{{\mathbf f}\sim D}[{\mathbf f}(x)]$ over a convex set $\cal K \subset {\mathbb R}^d$ where $D$ is some unknown distribution and each $f(\cdot)$ in the support of $D$ is convex over $\cal K$. The optimization is commonl...
computer science
6,149
Stein Variational Gradient Descent: A General Purpose Bayesian Inference Algorithm
stat.ML
We propose a general purpose variational inference algorithm that forms a natural counterpart of gradient descent for optimization. Our method iteratively transports a set of particles to match the target distribution, by applying a form of functional gradient descent that minimizes the KL divergence. Empirical studies...
computer science
6,150
A novel transfer learning method based on common space mapping and weighted domain matching
cs.LG
In this paper, we propose a novel learning framework for the problem of domain transfer learning. We map the data of two domains to one single common space, and learn a classifier in this common space. Then we adapt the common classifier to the two domains by adding two adaptive functions to it respectively. In the com...
computer science
6,151
Application of multiview techniques to NHANES dataset
cs.LG
Disease prediction or classification using health datasets involve using well-known predictors associated with the disease as features for the models. This study considers multiple data components of an individual's health, using the relationship between variables to generate features that may improve the performance o...
computer science
6,152
Scalable Learning of Non-Decomposable Objectives
stat.ML
Modern retrieval systems are often driven by an underlying machine learning model. The goal of such systems is to identify and possibly rank the few most relevant items for a given query or context. Thus, such systems are typically evaluated using a ranking-based performance metric such as the area under the precision-...
computer science
6,153
Outlier Detection on Mixed-Type Data: An Energy-based Approach
stat.ML
Outlier detection amounts to finding data points that differ significantly from the norm. Classic outlier detection methods are largely designed for single data type such as continuous or discrete. However, real world data is increasingly heterogeneous, where a data point can have both discrete and continuous attribute...
computer science
6,154
A Bayesian Nonparametric Approach for Estimating Individualized Treatment-Response Curves
cs.LG
We study the problem of estimating the continuous response over time to interventions using observational time series---a retrospective dataset where the policy by which the data are generated is unknown to the learner. We are motivated by applications where response varies by individuals and therefore, estimating resp...
computer science
6,155
Active Learning for Approximation of Expensive Functions with Normal Distributed Output Uncertainty
cs.LG
When approximating a black-box function, sampling with active learning focussing on regions with non-linear responses tends to improve accuracy. We present the FLOLA-Voronoi method introduced previously for deterministic responses, and theoretically derive the impact of output uncertainty. The algorithm automatically p...
computer science
6,156
Parameter Learning for Log-supermodular Distributions
stat.ML
We consider log-supermodular models on binary variables, which are probabilistic models with negative log-densities which are submodular. These models provide probabilistic interpretations of common combinatorial optimization tasks such as image segmentation. In this paper, we focus primarily on parameter estimation in...
computer science
6,157
A Tight Convex Upper Bound on the Likelihood of a Finite Mixture
cs.LG
The likelihood function of a finite mixture model is a non-convex function with multiple local maxima and commonly used iterative algorithms such as EM will converge to different solutions depending on initial conditions. In this paper we ask: is it possible to assess how far we are from the global maximum of the likel...
computer science
6,158
Iterative Views Agreement: An Iterative Low-Rank based Structured Optimization Method to Multi-View Spectral Clustering
cs.LG
Multi-view spectral clustering, which aims at yielding an agreement or consensus data objects grouping across multi-views with their graph laplacian matrices, is a fundamental clustering problem. Among the existing methods, Low-Rank Representation (LRR) based method is quite superior in terms of its effectiveness, intu...
computer science
6,159
Unsupervised Feature Selection Based on the Morisita Estimator of Intrinsic Dimension
stat.ML
This paper deals with a new filter algorithm for selecting the smallest subset of features carrying all the information content of a data set (i.e. for removing redundant features). It is an advanced version of the fractal dimension reduction technique, and it relies on the recently introduced Morisita estimator of Int...
computer science
6,160
A Strongly Quasiconvex PAC-Bayesian Bound
cs.LG
We propose a new PAC-Bayesian bound and a way of constructing a hypothesis space, so that the bound is convex in the posterior distribution and also convex in a trade-off parameter between empirical performance of the posterior distribution and its complexity. The complexity is measured by the Kullback-Leibler divergen...
computer science
6,161
Inverting Variational Autoencoders for Improved Generative Accuracy
cs.LG
Recent advances in semi-supervised learning with deep generative models have shown promise in generalizing from small labeled datasets ($\mathbf{x},\mathbf{y}$) to large unlabeled ones ($\mathbf{x}$). In the case where the codomain has known structure, a large unfeatured dataset ($\mathbf{y}$) is potentially available....
computer science
6,162
A Non-convex One-Pass Framework for Generalized Factorization Machine and Rank-One Matrix Sensing
stat.ML
We develop an efficient alternating framework for learning a generalized version of Factorization Machine (gFM) on steaming data with provable guarantees. When the instances are sampled from $d$ dimensional random Gaussian vectors and the target second order coefficient matrix in gFM is of rank $k$, our algorithm conve...
computer science
6,163
Comparison among dimensionality reduction techniques based on Random Projection for cancer classification
cs.LG
Random Projection (RP) technique has been widely applied in many scenarios because it can reduce high-dimensional features into low-dimensional space within short time and meet the need of real-time analysis of massive data. There is an urgent need of dimensionality reduction with fast increase of big genomics data. Ho...
computer science
6,164
Large-scale Collaborative Imaging Genetics Studies of Risk Genetic Factors for Alzheimer's Disease Across Multiple Institutions
cs.LG
Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) offer new opportunities to identify genetic risk factors for Alzheimer's disease (AD). Recently, collaborative efforts across different institutions emerged that enhance the power of many existing techniques on individual institution data. However, a major barrier to collaborative...
computer science
6,165
Leveraging over intact priors for boosting control and dexterity of prosthetic hands by amputees
cs.LG
Non-invasive myoelectric prostheses require a long training time to obtain satisfactory control dexterity. These training times could possibly be reduced by leveraging over training efforts by previous subjects. So-called domain adaptation algorithms formalize this strategy and have indeed been shown to significantly r...
computer science
6,166
Learning Temporal Dependence from Time-Series Data with Latent Variables
cs.LG
We consider the setting where a collection of time series, modeled as random processes, evolve in a causal manner, and one is interested in learning the graph governing the relationships of these processes. A special case of wide interest and applicability is the setting where the noise is Gaussian and relationships ar...
computer science
6,167
A Boundary Tilting Persepective on the Phenomenon of Adversarial Examples
cs.LG
Deep neural networks have been shown to suffer from a surprising weakness: their classification outputs can be changed by small, non-random perturbations of their inputs. This adversarial example phenomenon has been explained as originating from deep networks being "too linear" (Goodfellow et al., 2014). We show here t...
computer science
6,168
Random Forest for Label Ranking
cs.LG
Label ranking aims to learn a mapping from instances to rankings over a finite number of predefined labels. Random forest is a powerful and one of the most successfully general-purpose machine learning algorithms of modern times. In the literature, there seems no research has yet been done in applying random forest to ...
computer science
6,169
Bayesian selection for the l2-Potts model regularization parameter: 1D piecewise constant signal denoising
cs.LG
Piecewise constant denoising can be solved either by deterministic optimization approaches, based on the Potts model, or by stochastic Bayesian procedures. The former lead to low computational time but require the selection of a regularization parameter, whose value significantly impacts the achieved solution, and whos...
computer science
6,170
Optimizing Recurrent Neural Networks Architectures under Time Constraints
stat.ML
Recurrent neural network (RNN)'s architecture is a key factor influencing its performance. We propose algorithms to optimize hidden sizes under running time constraint. We convert the discrete optimization into a subset selection problem. By novel transformations, the objective function becomes submodular and constrain...
computer science
6,171
Relevant based structure learning for feature selection
cs.LG
Feature selection is an important task in many problems occurring in pattern recognition, bioinformatics, machine learning and data mining applications. The feature selection approach enables us to reduce the computation burden and the falling accuracy effect of dealing with huge number of features in typical learning ...
computer science
6,172
Robust Discriminative Clustering with Sparse Regularizers
stat.ML
Clustering high-dimensional data often requires some form of dimensionality reduction, where clustered variables are separated from "noise-looking" variables. We cast this problem as finding a low-dimensional projection of the data which is well-clustered. This yields a one-dimensional projection in the simplest situat...
computer science
6,173
Wasserstein Discriminant Analysis
stat.ML
Wasserstein Discriminant Analysis (WDA) is a new supervised method that can improve classification of high-dimensional data by computing a suitable linear map onto a lower dimensional subspace. Following the blueprint of classical Linear Discriminant Analysis (LDA), WDA selects the projection matrix that maximizes the ...
computer science
6,174
Visualizing and Understanding Sum-Product Networks
cs.LG
Sum-Product Networks (SPNs) are recently introduced deep tractable probabilistic models by which several kinds of inference queries can be answered exactly and in a tractable time. Up to now, they have been largely used as black box density estimators, assessed only by comparing their likelihood scores only. In this pa...
computer science
6,175
hi-RF: Incremental Learning Random Forest for large-scale multi-class Data Classification
cs.LG
In recent years, dynamically growing data and incrementally growing number of classes pose new challenges to large-scale data classification research. Most traditional methods struggle to balance the precision and computational burden when data and its number of classes increased. However, some methods are with weak pr...
computer science
6,176
Recursive Partitioning for Personalization using Observational Data
stat.ML
We study the problem of learning to choose from m discrete treatment options (e.g., news item or medical drug) the one with best causal effect for a particular instance (e.g., user or patient) where the training data consists of passive observations of covariates, treatment, and the outcome of the treatment. The standa...
computer science
6,177
Towards Competitive Classifiers for Unbalanced Classification Problems: A Study on the Performance Scores
stat.ML
Although a great methodological effort has been invested in proposing competitive solutions to the class-imbalance problem, little effort has been made in pursuing a theoretical understanding of this matter. In order to shed some light on this topic, we perform, through a novel framework, an exhaustive analysis of th...
computer science
6,178
A Tutorial on Online Supervised Learning with Applications to Node Classification in Social Networks
cs.LG
We revisit the elegant observation of T. Cover '65 which, perhaps, is not as well-known to the broader community as it should be. The first goal of the tutorial is to explain---through the prism of this elementary result---how to solve certain sequence prediction problems by modeling sets of solutions rather than the u...
computer science
6,179
Neural Network Architecture Optimization through Submodularity and Supermodularity
stat.ML
Deep learning models' architectures, including depth and width, are key factors influencing models' performance, such as test accuracy and computation time. This paper solves two problems: given computation time budget, choose an architecture to maximize accuracy, and given accuracy requirement, choose an architecture ...
computer science
6,180
Graph-Based Active Learning: A New Look at Expected Error Minimization
stat.ML
In graph-based active learning, algorithms based on expected error minimization (EEM) have been popular and yield good empirical performance. The exact computation of EEM optimally balances exploration and exploitation. In practice, however, EEM-based algorithms employ various approximations due to the computational ha...
computer science
6,181
The Robustness of Estimator Composition
cs.LG
We formalize notions of robustness for composite estimators via the notion of a breakdown point. A composite estimator successively applies two (or more) estimators: on data decomposed into disjoint parts, it applies the first estimator on each part, then the second estimator on the outputs of the first estimator. And ...
computer science
6,182
Direct Feedback Alignment Provides Learning in Deep Neural Networks
stat.ML
Artificial neural networks are most commonly trained with the back-propagation algorithm, where the gradient for learning is provided by back-propagating the error, layer by layer, from the output layer to the hidden layers. A recently discovered method called feedback-alignment shows that the weights used for propagat...
computer science
6,183
Learning Boltzmann Machine with EM-like Method
cs.LG
We propose an expectation-maximization-like(EMlike) method to train Boltzmann machine with unconstrained connectivity. It adopts Monte Carlo approximation in the E-step, and replaces the intractable likelihood objective with efficiently computed objectives or directly approximates the gradient of likelihood objective i...
computer science
6,184
Chaining Bounds for Empirical Risk Minimization
stat.ML
This paper extends the standard chaining technique to prove excess risk upper bounds for empirical risk minimization with random design settings even if the magnitude of the noise and the estimates is unbounded. The bound applies to many loss functions besides the squared loss, and scales only with the sub-Gaussian or ...
computer science
6,185
Random matrices meet machine learning: a large dimensional analysis of LS-SVM
stat.ML
This article proposes a performance analysis of kernel least squares support vector machines (LS-SVMs) based on a random matrix approach, in the regime where both the dimension of data $p$ and their number $n$ grow large at the same rate. Under a two-class Gaussian mixture model for the input data, we prove that the LS...
computer science
6,186
Discrete Variational Autoencoders
stat.ML
Probabilistic models with discrete latent variables naturally capture datasets composed of discrete classes. However, they are difficult to train efficiently, since backpropagation through discrete variables is generally not possible. We present a novel method to train a class of probabilistic models with discrete late...
computer science
6,187
Functorial Hierarchical Clustering with Overlaps
cs.LG
This work draws its inspiration from three important sources of research on dissimilarity-based clustering and intertwines those three threads into a consistent principled functorial theory of clustering. Those three are the overlapping clustering of Jardine and Sibson, the functorial approach of Carlsson and Memoli to...
computer science
6,188
DiSMEC - Distributed Sparse Machines for Extreme Multi-label Classification
stat.ML
Extreme multi-label classification refers to supervised multi-label learning involving hundreds of thousands or even millions of labels. Datasets in extreme classification exhibit fit to power-law distribution, i.e. a large fraction of labels have very few positive instances in the data distribution. Most state-of-the-...
computer science
6,189
On Sequential Elimination Algorithms for Best-Arm Identification in Multi-Armed Bandits
stat.ML
We consider the best-arm identification problem in multi-armed bandits, which focuses purely on exploration. A player is given a fixed budget to explore a finite set of arms, and the rewards of each arm are drawn independently from a fixed, unknown distribution. The player aims to identify the arm with the largest expe...
computer science
6,190
Distributed Processing of Biosignal-Database for Emotion Recognition with Mahout
stat.ML
This paper investigates the use of distributed processing on the problem of emotion recognition from physiological sensors using a popular machine learning library on distributed mode. Specifically, we run a random forests classifier on the biosignal-data, which have been pre-processed to form exclusive groups in an un...
computer science
6,191
Semi-Supervised Classification with Graph Convolutional Networks
cs.LG
We present a scalable approach for semi-supervised learning on graph-structured data that is based on an efficient variant of convolutional neural networks which operate directly on graphs. We motivate the choice of our convolutional architecture via a localized first-order approximation of spectral graph convolutions....
computer science
6,192
Iteratively Reweighted Least Squares Algorithms for L1-Norm Principal Component Analysis
stat.ML
Principal component analysis (PCA) is often used to reduce the dimension of data by selecting a few orthonormal vectors that explain most of the variance structure of the data. L1 PCA uses the L1 norm to measure error, whereas the conventional PCA uses the L2 norm. For the L1 PCA problem minimizing the fitting error of...
computer science
6,193
Energy-based Generative Adversarial Network
cs.LG
We introduce the "Energy-based Generative Adversarial Network" model (EBGAN) which views the discriminator as an energy function that attributes low energies to the regions near the data manifold and higher energies to other regions. Similar to the probabilistic GANs, a generator is seen as being trained to produce con...
computer science
6,194
Sharing Hash Codes for Multiple Purposes
stat.ML
Locality sensitive hashing (LSH) is a powerful tool for sublinear-time approximate nearest neighbor search, and a variety of hashing schemes have been proposed for different dissimilarity measures. However, hash codes significantly depend on the dissimilarity, which prohibits users from adjusting the dissimilarity at q...
computer science
6,195
CompAdaGrad: A Compressed, Complementary, Computationally-Efficient Adaptive Gradient Method
cs.LG
The adaptive gradient online learning method known as AdaGrad has seen widespread use in the machine learning community in stochastic and adversarial online learning problems and more recently in deep learning methods. The method's full-matrix incarnation offers much better theoretical guarantees and potentially better...
computer science
6,196
Online Data Thinning via Multi-Subspace Tracking
stat.ML
In an era of ubiquitous large-scale streaming data, the availability of data far exceeds the capacity of expert human analysts. In many settings, such data is either discarded or stored unprocessed in datacenters. This paper proposes a method of online data thinning, in which large-scale streaming datasets are winnowed...
computer science
6,197
A Greedy Algorithm to Cluster Specialists
cs.LG
Several recent deep neural networks experiments leverage the generalist-specialist paradigm for classification. However, no formal study compared the performance of different clustering algorithms for class assignment. In this paper we perform such a study, suggest slight modifications to the clustering procedures, and...
computer science
6,198
Making Deep Neural Networks Robust to Label Noise: a Loss Correction Approach
stat.ML
We present a theoretically grounded approach to train deep neural networks, including recurrent networks, subject to class-dependent label noise. We propose two procedures for loss correction that are agnostic to both application domain and network architecture. They simply amount to at most a matrix inversion and mult...
computer science
6,199
Learning conditional independence structure for high-dimensional uncorrelated vector processes
stat.ML
We formulate and analyze a graphical model selection method for inferring the conditional independence graph of a high-dimensional nonstationary Gaussian random process (time series) from a finite-length observation. The observed process samples are assumed uncorrelated over time and having a time-varying marginal dist...
computer science