Unnamed: 0
int64
0
41k
title
stringlengths
4
274
category
stringlengths
5
18
summary
stringlengths
22
3.66k
theme
stringclasses
8 values
6,200
Very Simple Classifier: a Concept Binary Classifier toInvestigate Features Based on Subsampling and Localility
cs.LG
We propose Very Simple Classifier (VSC) a novel method designed to incorporate the concepts of subsampling and locality in the definition of features to be used as the input of a perceptron. The rationale is that locality theoretically guarantees a bound on the generalization error. Each feature in VSC is a max-margin ...
computer science
6,201
Recursive nearest agglomeration (ReNA): fast clustering for approximation of structured signals
stat.ML
In this work, we revisit fast dimension reduction approaches, as with random projections and random sampling. Our goal is to summarize the data to decrease computational costs and memory footprint of subsequent analysis. Such dimension reduction can be very efficient when the signals of interest have a strong structure...
computer science
6,202
Coherence Pursuit: Fast, Simple, and Robust Principal Component Analysis
cs.LG
This paper presents a remarkably simple, yet powerful, algorithm termed Coherence Pursuit (CoP) to robust Principal Component Analysis (PCA). As inliers lie in a low dimensional subspace and are mostly correlated, an inlier is likely to have strong mutual coherence with a large number of data points. By contrast, outli...
computer science
6,203
Predicting Shot Making in Basketball Learnt from Adversarial Multiagent Trajectories
stat.ML
In this paper, we predict the likelihood of a player making a shot in basketball from multiagent trajectories. Previous approaches to similar problems center on hand-crafting features to capture domain specific knowledge. Although intuitive, recent work in deep learning has shown this approach is prone to missing impor...
computer science
6,204
ADAGIO: Fast Data-aware Near-Isometric Linear Embeddings
stat.ML
Many important applications, including signal reconstruction, parameter estimation, and signal processing in a compressed domain, rely on a low-dimensional representation of the dataset that preserves {\em all} pairwise distances between the data points and leverages the inherent geometric structure that is typically p...
computer science
6,205
Probabilistic Feature Selection and Classification Vector Machine
cs.LG
Sparse Bayesian learning is one of the state-of- the-art machine learning algorithms, which is able to make stable and reliable probabilistic predictions. However, some of these algorithms, e.g. probabilistic classification vector machine (PCVM) and relevant vector machine (RVM), are not capable of eliminating irreleva...
computer science
6,206
Principled Option Learning in Markov Decision Processes
cs.LG
It is well known that options can make planning more efficient, among their many benefits. Thus far, algorithms for autonomously discovering a set of useful options were heuristic. Naturally, a principled way of finding a set of useful options may be more promising and insightful. In this paper we suggest a mathematica...
computer science
6,207
Sequential Ensemble Learning for Outlier Detection: A Bias-Variance Perspective
cs.LG
Ensemble methods for classification and clustering have been effectively used for decades, while ensemble learning for outlier detection has only been studied recently. In this work, we design a new ensemble approach for outlier detection in multi-dimensional point data, which provides improved accuracy by reducing err...
computer science
6,208
Learning Personalized Optimal Control for Repeatedly Operated Systems
cs.LG
We consider the problem of online learning of optimal control for repeatedly operated systems in the presence of parametric uncertainty. During each round of operation, environment selects system parameters according to a fixed but unknown probability distribution. These parameters govern the dynamics of a plant. An ag...
computer science
6,209
On Randomized Distributed Coordinate Descent with Quantized Updates
stat.ML
In this paper, we study the randomized distributed coordinate descent algorithm with quantized updates. In the literature, the iteration complexity of the randomized distributed coordinate descent algorithm has been characterized under the assumption that machines can exchange updates with an infinite precision. We con...
computer science
6,210
Stochastic Matrix Factorization
stat.ML
This paper considers a restriction to non-negative matrix factorization in which at least one matrix factor is stochastic. That is, the elements of the matrix factors are non-negative and the columns of one matrix factor sum to 1. This restriction includes topic models, a popular method for analyzing unstructured data....
computer science
6,211
Distributed Adaptive Learning of Graph Signals
cs.LG
The aim of this paper is to propose distributed strategies for adaptive learning of signals defined over graphs. Assuming the graph signal to be bandlimited, the method enables distributed reconstruction, with guaranteed performance in terms of mean-square error, and tracking from a limited number of sampled observatio...
computer science
6,212
Multiclass Classification Calibration Functions
stat.ML
In this paper we refine the process of computing calibration functions for a number of multiclass classification surrogate losses. Calibration functions are a powerful tool for easily converting bounds for the surrogate risk (which can be computed through well-known methods) into bounds for the true risk, the probabili...
computer science
6,213
Learning HMMs with Nonparametric Emissions via Spectral Decompositions of Continuous Matrices
stat.ML
Recently, there has been a surge of interest in using spectral methods for estimating latent variable models. However, it is usually assumed that the distribution of the observations conditioned on the latent variables is either discrete or belongs to a parametric family. In this paper, we study the estimation of an $m...
computer science
6,214
On Data-Independent Properties for Density-Based Dissimilarity Measures in Hybrid Clustering
stat.ML
Hybrid clustering combines partitional and hierarchical clustering for computational effectiveness and versatility in cluster shape. In such clustering, a dissimilarity measure plays a crucial role in the hierarchical merging. The dissimilarity measure has great impact on the final clustering, and data-independent prop...
computer science
6,215
Theoretical Evaluation of Feature Selection Methods based on Mutual Information
stat.ML
Feature selection methods are usually evaluated by wrapping specific classifiers and datasets in the evaluation process, resulting very often in unfair comparisons between methods. In this work, we develop a theoretical framework that allows obtaining the true feature ordering of two-dimensional sequential forward feat...
computer science
6,216
Hawkes Processes with Stochastic Excitations
cs.LG
We propose an extension to Hawkes processes by treating the levels of self-excitation as a stochastic differential equation. Our new point process allows better approximation in application domains where events and intensities accelerate each other with correlated levels of contagion. We generalize a recent algorithm f...
computer science
6,217
Early Warning System for Seismic Events in Coal Mines Using Machine Learning
cs.LG
This document describes an approach to the problem of predicting dangerous seismic events in active coal mines up to 8 hours in advance. It was developed as a part of the AAIA'16 Data Mining Challenge: Predicting Dangerous Seismic Events in Active Coal Mines. The solutions presented consist of ensembles of various pred...
computer science
6,218
(Bandit) Convex Optimization with Biased Noisy Gradient Oracles
cs.LG
Algorithms for bandit convex optimization and online learning often rely on constructing noisy gradient estimates, which are then used in appropriately adjusted first-order algorithms, replacing actual gradients. Depending on the properties of the function to be optimized and the nature of "noise" in the bandit feedbac...
computer science
6,219
Using Neural Network Formalism to Solve Multiple-Instance Problems
cs.LG
Many objects in the real world are difficult to describe by a single numerical vector of a fixed length, whereas describing them by a set of vectors is more natural. Therefore, Multiple instance learning (MIL) techniques have been constantly gaining on importance throughout last years. MIL formalism represents each obj...
computer science
6,220
Constraint-Based Clustering Selection
stat.ML
Semi-supervised clustering methods incorporate a limited amount of supervision into the clustering process. Typically, this supervision is provided by the user in the form of pairwise constraints. Existing methods use such constraints in one of the following ways: they adapt their clustering procedure, their similarity...
computer science
6,221
Dynamic Pricing in High-dimensions
stat.ML
We study the pricing problem faced by a firm that sells a large number of products, described via a wide range of features, to customers that arrive over time. Customers independently make purchasing decisions according to a general choice model that includes products features and customers' characteristics, encoded as...
computer science
6,222
Dropout with Expectation-linear Regularization
cs.LG
Dropout, a simple and effective way to train deep neural networks, has led to a number of impressive empirical successes and spawned many recent theoretical investigations. However, the gap between dropout's training and inference phases, introduced due to tractability considerations, has largely remained under-appreci...
computer science
6,223
Generalization Error Bounds for Optimization Algorithms via Stability
stat.ML
Many machine learning tasks can be formulated as Regularized Empirical Risk Minimization (R-ERM), and solved by optimization algorithms such as gradient descent (GD), stochastic gradient descent (SGD), and stochastic variance reduction (SVRG). Conventional analysis on these optimization algorithms focuses on their conv...
computer science
6,224
Variational Autoencoder for Deep Learning of Images, Labels and Captions
stat.ML
A novel variational autoencoder is developed to model images, as well as associated labels or captions. The Deep Generative Deconvolutional Network (DGDN) is used as a decoder of the latent image features, and a deep Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) is used as an image encoder; the CNN is used to approximate a distri...
computer science
6,225
Classifier comparison using precision
cs.LG
New proposed models are often compared to state-of-the-art using statistical significance testing. Literature is scarce for classifier comparison using metrics other than accuracy. We present a survey of statistical methods that can be used for classifier comparison using precision, accounting for inter-precision corre...
computer science
6,226
Fast learning rates with heavy-tailed losses
stat.ML
We study fast learning rates when the losses are not necessarily bounded and may have a distribution with heavy tails. To enable such analyses, we introduce two new conditions: (i) the envelope function $\sup_{f \in \mathcal{F}}|\ell \circ f|$, where $\ell$ is the loss function and $\mathcal{F}$ is the hypothesis class...
computer science
6,227
Max-plus statistical leverage scores
stat.ML
The statistical leverage scores of a complex matrix $A\in\mathbb{C}^{n\times d}$ record the degree of alignment between col$(A)$ and the coordinate axes in $\mathbb{C}^n$. These score are used in random sampling algorithms for solving certain numerical linear algebra problems. In this paper we present a max-plus algebr...
computer science
6,228
Faster Kernels for Graphs with Continuous Attributes via Hashing
cs.LG
While state-of-the-art kernels for graphs with discrete labels scale well to graphs with thousands of nodes, the few existing kernels for graphs with continuous attributes, unfortunately, do not scale well. To overcome this limitation, we present hash graph kernels, a general framework to derive kernels for graphs with...
computer science
6,229
Sparsity-driven weighted ensemble classifier
stat.ML
In this letter, a novel weighted ensemble classifier is proposed that improves classification accuracy and minimizes the number of classifiers. Ensemble weight finding problem is modeled as a cost function with following terms: (a) a data fidelity term aiming to decrease misclassification rate, (b) a sparsity term aimi...
computer science
6,230
One-Trial Correction of Legacy AI Systems and Stochastic Separation Theorems
stat.ML
We consider the problem of efficient "on the fly" tuning of existing, or {\it legacy}, Artificial Intelligence (AI) systems. The legacy AI systems are allowed to be of arbitrary class, albeit the data they are using for computing interim or final decision responses should posses an underlying structure of a high-dimens...
computer science
6,231
The Search Problem in Mixture Models
stat.ML
We consider the task of learning the parameters of a {\em single} component of a mixture model, for the case when we are given {\em side information} about that component, we call this the "search problem" in mixture models. We would like to solve this with computational and sample complexity lower than solving the ove...
computer science
6,232
Ensemble Validation: Selectivity has a Price, but Variety is Free
stat.ML
If classifiers are selected from a hypothesis class to form an ensemble, bounds on average error rate over the selected classifiers include a component for selectivity, which grows as the fraction of hypothesis classifiers selected for the ensemble shrinks, and a component for variety, which grows with the size of the ...
computer science
6,233
Decentralized Topic Modelling with Latent Dirichlet Allocation
stat.ML
Privacy preserving networks can be modelled as decentralized networks (e.g., sensors, connected objects, smartphones), where communication between nodes of the network is not controlled by an all-knowing, central node. For this type of networks, the main issue is to gather/learn global information on the network (e.g.,...
computer science
6,234
Learning Protein Dynamics with Metastable Switching Systems
stat.ML
We introduce a machine learning approach for extracting fine-grained representations of protein evolution from molecular dynamics datasets. Metastable switching linear dynamical systems extend standard switching models with a physically-inspired stability constraint. This constraint enables the learning of nuanced repr...
computer science
6,235
Understanding intermediate layers using linear classifier probes
stat.ML
Neural network models have a reputation for being black boxes. We propose a new method to understand better the roles and dynamics of the intermediate layers. This has direct consequences on the design of such models and it enables the expert to be able to justify certain heuristics (such as the auxiliary heads in the ...
computer science
6,236
Generalized Inverse Classification
cs.LG
Inverse classification is the process of perturbing an instance in a meaningful way such that it is more likely to conform to a specific class. Historical methods that address such a problem are often framed to leverage only a single classifier, or specific set of classifiers. These works are often accompanied by naive...
computer science
6,237
Automatic Sleep Stage Scoring with Single-Channel EEG Using Convolutional Neural Networks
stat.ML
We used convolutional neural networks (CNNs) for automatic sleep stage scoring based on single-channel electroencephalography (EEG) to learn task-specific filters for classification without using prior domain knowledge. We used an openly available dataset from 20 healthy young adults for evaluation and applied 20-fold ...
computer science
6,238
A Methodology for Customizing Clinical Tests for Esophageal Cancer based on Patient Preferences
cs.LG
Tests for Esophageal cancer can be expensive, uncomfortable and can have side effects. For many patients, we can predict non-existence of disease with 100% certainty, just using demographics, lifestyle, and medical history information. Our objective is to devise a general methodology for customizing tests using user pr...
computer science
6,239
Connecting Generative Adversarial Networks and Actor-Critic Methods
cs.LG
Both generative adversarial networks (GAN) in unsupervised learning and actor-critic methods in reinforcement learning (RL) have gained a reputation for being difficult to optimize. Practitioners in both fields have amassed a large number of strategies to mitigate these instabilities and improve training. Here we show ...
computer science
6,240
Revisiting Multiple Instance Neural Networks
stat.ML
Recently neural networks and multiple instance learning are both attractive topics in Artificial Intelligence related research fields. Deep neural networks have achieved great success in supervised learning problems, and multiple instance learning as a typical weakly-supervised learning method is effective for many app...
computer science
6,241
Dataiku's Solution to SPHERE's Activity Recognition Challenge
stat.ML
Our team won the second prize of the Safe Aging with SPHERE Challenge organized by SPHERE, in conjunction with ECML-PKDD and Driven Data. The goal of the competition was to recognize activities performed by humans, using sensor data. This paper presents our solution. It is based on a rich pre-processing and state of th...
computer science
6,242
Robust Bayesian Compressed sensing
stat.ML
We consider the problem of robust compressed sensing whose objective is to recover a high-dimensional sparse signal from compressed measurements corrupted by outliers. A new sparse Bayesian learning method is developed for robust compressed sensing. The basic idea of the proposed method is to identify and remove the ou...
computer science
6,243
Maximum entropy models capture melodic styles
stat.ML
We introduce a Maximum Entropy model able to capture the statistics of melodies in music. The model can be used to generate new melodies that emulate the style of the musical corpus which was used to train it. Instead of using the $n-$body interactions of $(n-1)-$order Markov models, traditionally used in automatic mus...
computer science
6,244
Optimistic Semi-supervised Least Squares Classification
stat.ML
The goal of semi-supervised learning is to improve supervised classifiers by using additional unlabeled training examples. In this work we study a simple self-learning approach to semi-supervised learning applied to the least squares classifier. We show that a soft-label and a hard-label variant of self-learning can be...
computer science
6,245
Exploring the Entire Regularization Path for the Asymmetric Cost Linear Support Vector Machine
cs.LG
We propose an algorithm for exploring the entire regularization path of asymmetric-cost linear support vector machines. Empirical evidence suggests the predictive power of support vector machines depends on the regularization parameters of the training algorithms. The algorithms exploring the entire regularization path...
computer science
6,246
Generalization bound for kernel similarity learning
stat.ML
Similarity learning has received a large amount of interest and is an important tool for many scientific and industrial applications. In this framework, we wish to infer the distance (similarity) between points with respect to an arbitrary distance function $d$. Here, we formulate the problem as a regression from a fea...
computer science
6,247
Semi-Supervised Active Learning for Support Vector Machines: A Novel Approach that Exploits Structure Information in Data
stat.ML
In our today's information society more and more data emerges, e.g.~in social networks, technical applications, or business applications. Companies try to commercialize these data using data mining or machine learning methods. For this purpose, the data are categorized or classified, but often at high (monetary or temp...
computer science
6,248
Theoretical Analysis of Domain Adaptation with Optimal Transport
stat.ML
Domain adaptation (DA) is an important and emerging field of machine learning that tackles the problem occurring when the distributions of training (source domain) and test (target domain) data are similar but different. Current theoretical results show that the efficiency of DA algorithms depends on their capacity of ...
computer science
6,249
The End of Optimism? An Asymptotic Analysis of Finite-Armed Linear Bandits
stat.ML
Stochastic linear bandits are a natural and simple generalisation of finite-armed bandits with numerous practical applications. Current approaches focus on generalising existing techniques for finite-armed bandits, notably the optimism principle and Thompson sampling. While prior work has mostly been in the worst-case ...
computer science
6,250
Kernel Alignment Inspired Linear Discriminant Analysis
cs.LG
Kernel alignment measures the degree of similarity between two kernels. In this paper, inspired from kernel alignment, we propose a new Linear Discriminant Analysis (LDA) formulation, kernel alignment LDA (kaLDA). We first define two kernels, data kernel and class indicator kernel. The problem is to find a subspace to ...
computer science
6,251
Improved Strongly Adaptive Online Learning using Coin Betting
stat.ML
This paper describes a new parameter-free online learning algorithm for changing environments. In comparing against algorithms with the same time complexity as ours, we obtain a strongly adaptive regret bound that is a factor of at least $\sqrt{\log(T)}$ better, where $T$ is the time horizon. Empirical results show tha...
computer science
6,252
An Adaptive Test of Independence with Analytic Kernel Embeddings
stat.ML
A new computationally efficient dependence measure, and an adaptive statistical test of independence, are proposed. The dependence measure is the difference between analytic embeddings of the joint distribution and the product of the marginals, evaluated at a finite set of locations (features). These features are chose...
computer science
6,253
Probabilistic Dimensionality Reduction via Structure Learning
stat.ML
We propose a novel probabilistic dimensionality reduction framework that can naturally integrate the generative model and the locality information of data. Based on this framework, we present a new model, which is able to learn a smooth skeleton of embedding points in a low-dimensional space from high-dimensional noisy...
computer science
6,254
Efficient Metric Learning for the Analysis of Motion Data
cs.LG
We investigate metric learning in the context of dynamic time warping (DTW), the by far most popular dissimilarity measure used for the comparison and analysis of motion capture data. While metric learning enables a problem-adapted representation of data, the majority of meth- ods has been proposed for vectorial data o...
computer science
6,255
Risk-Aware Algorithms for Adversarial Contextual Bandits
cs.LG
In this work we consider adversarial contextual bandits with risk constraints. At each round, nature prepares a context, a cost for each arm, and additionally a risk for each arm. The learner leverages the context to pull an arm and then receives the corresponding cost and risk associated with the pulled arm. In additi...
computer science
6,256
The Peaking Phenomenon in Semi-supervised Learning
stat.ML
For the supervised least squares classifier, when the number of training objects is smaller than the dimensionality of the data, adding more data to the training set may first increase the error rate before decreasing it. This, possibly counterintuitive, phenomenon is known as peaking. In this work, we observe that a s...
computer science
6,257
Markov Chain Truncation for Doubly-Intractable Inference
stat.ML
Computing partition functions, the normalizing constants of probability distributions, is often hard. Variants of importance sampling give unbiased estimates of a normalizer Z, however, unbiased estimates of the reciprocal 1/Z are harder to obtain. Unbiased estimates of 1/Z allow Markov chain Monte Carlo sampling of "d...
computer science
6,258
Learning Determinantal Point Processes in Sublinear Time
stat.ML
We propose a new class of determinantal point processes (DPPs) which can be manipulated for inference and parameter learning in potentially sublinear time in the number of items. This class, based on a specific low-rank factorization of the marginal kernel, is particularly suited to a subclass of continuous DPPs and DP...
computer science
6,259
Learning to Learn Neural Networks
cs.LG
Meta-learning consists in learning learning algorithms. We use a Long Short Term Memory (LSTM) based network to learn to compute on-line updates of the parameters of another neural network. These parameters are stored in the cell state of the LSTM. Our framework allows to compare learned algorithms to hand-made algorit...
computer science
6,260
Kernel Alignment for Unsupervised Transfer Learning
stat.ML
The ability of a human being to extrapolate previously gained knowledge to other domains inspired a new family of methods in machine learning called transfer learning. Transfer learning is often based on the assumption that objects in both target and source domains share some common feature and/or data space. In this p...
computer science
6,261
Regularized Optimal Transport and the Rot Mover's Distance
stat.ML
This paper presents a unified framework for smooth convex regularization of discrete optimal transport problems. In this context, the regularized optimal transport turns out to be equivalent to a matrix nearness problem with respect to Bregman divergences. Our framework thus naturally generalizes a previously proposed ...
computer science
6,262
Stochastic Gradient MCMC with Stale Gradients
stat.ML
Stochastic gradient MCMC (SG-MCMC) has played an important role in large-scale Bayesian learning, with well-developed theoretical convergence properties. In such applications of SG-MCMC, it is becoming increasingly popular to employ distributed systems, where stochastic gradients are computed based on some outdated par...
computer science
6,263
Maximally Divergent Intervals for Anomaly Detection
stat.ML
We present new methods for batch anomaly detection in multivariate time series. Our methods are based on maximizing the Kullback-Leibler divergence between the data distribution within and outside an interval of the time series. An empirical analysis shows the benefits of our algorithms compared to methods that treat e...
computer science
6,264
Robust training on approximated minimal-entropy set
cs.LG
In this paper, we propose a general framework to learn a robust large-margin binary classifier when corrupt measurements, called anomalies, caused by sensor failure might be present in the training set. The goal is to minimize the generalization error of the classifier on non-corrupted measurements while controlling th...
computer science
6,265
Convex Formulation for Kernel PCA and its Use in Semi-Supervised Learning
cs.LG
In this paper, Kernel PCA is reinterpreted as the solution to a convex optimization problem. Actually, there is a constrained convex problem for each principal component, so that the constraints guarantee that the principal component is indeed a solution, and not a mere saddle point. Although these insights do not impl...
computer science
6,266
An Efficient Minibatch Acceptance Test for Metropolis-Hastings
cs.LG
We present a novel Metropolis-Hastings method for large datasets that uses small expected-size minibatches of data. Previous work on reducing the cost of Metropolis-Hastings tests yield variable data consumed per sample, with only constant factor reductions versus using the full dataset for each sample. Here we present...
computer science
6,267
Online Classification with Complex Metrics
stat.ML
We present a framework and analysis of consistent binary classification for complex and non-decomposable performance metrics such as the F-measure and the Jaccard measure. The proposed framework is general, as it applies to both batch and online learning, and to both linear and non-linear models. Our work follows recen...
computer science
6,268
Learning Deep Architectures for Interaction Prediction in Structure-based Virtual Screening
stat.ML
We introduce a deep learning architecture for structure-based virtual screening that generates fixed-sized fingerprints of proteins and small molecules by applying learnable atom convolution and softmax operations to each compound separately. These fingerprints are further transformed non-linearly, their inner-product ...
computer science
6,269
A Framework for Parallel and Distributed Training of Neural Networks
stat.ML
The aim of this paper is to develop a general framework for training neural networks (NNs) in a distributed environment, where training data is partitioned over a set of agents that communicate with each other through a sparse, possibly time-varying, connectivity pattern. In such distributed scenario, the training prob...
computer science
6,270
A Theoretical Analysis of Noisy Sparse Subspace Clustering on Dimensionality-Reduced Data
stat.ML
Subspace clustering is the problem of partitioning unlabeled data points into a number of clusters so that data points within one cluster lie approximately on a low-dimensional linear subspace. In many practical scenarios, the dimensionality of data points to be clustered are compressed due to constraints of measuremen...
computer science
6,271
A Bayesian Ensemble for Unsupervised Anomaly Detection
stat.ML
Methods for unsupervised anomaly detection suffer from the fact that the data is unlabeled, making it difficult to assess the optimality of detection algorithms. Ensemble learning has shown exceptional results in classification and clustering problems, but has not seen as much research in the context of outlier detecti...
computer science
6,272
Approximate cross-validation formula for Bayesian linear regression
stat.ML
Cross-validation (CV) is a technique for evaluating the ability of statistical models/learning systems based on a given data set. Despite its wide applicability, the rather heavy computational cost can prevent its use as the system size grows. To resolve this difficulty in the case of Bayesian linear regression, we dev...
computer science
6,273
A statistical framework for fair predictive algorithms
stat.ML
Predictive modeling is increasingly being employed to assist human decision-makers. One purported advantage of replacing human judgment with computer models in high stakes settings-- such as sentencing, hiring, policing, college admissions, and parole decisions-- is the perceived "neutrality" of computers. It is argued...
computer science
6,274
Socratic Learning: Augmenting Generative Models to Incorporate Latent Subsets in Training Data
cs.LG
A challenge in training discriminative models like neural networks is obtaining enough labeled training data. Recent approaches use generative models to combine weak supervision sources, like user-defined heuristics or knowledge bases, to label training data. Prior work has explored learning accuracies for these source...
computer science
6,275
Fairness Beyond Disparate Treatment & Disparate Impact: Learning Classification without Disparate Mistreatment
stat.ML
Automated data-driven decision making systems are increasingly being used to assist, or even replace humans in many settings. These systems function by learning from historical decisions, often taken by humans. In order to maximize the utility of these systems (or, classifiers), their training involves minimizing the e...
computer science
6,276
Adaptive matching pursuit for sparse signal recovery
cs.LG
Spike and Slab priors have been of much recent interest in signal processing as a means of inducing sparsity in Bayesian inference. Applications domains that benefit from the use of these priors include sparse recovery, regression and classification. It is well-known that solving for the sparse coefficient vector to ma...
computer science
6,277
Causal Network Learning from Multiple Interventions of Unknown Manipulated Targets
stat.ML
In this paper, we discuss structure learning of causal networks from multiple data sets obtained by external intervention experiments where we do not know what variables are manipulated. For example, the conditions in these experiments are changed by changing temperature or using drugs, but we do not know what target v...
computer science
6,278
Regret Bounds for Lifelong Learning
stat.ML
We consider the problem of transfer learning in an online setting. Different tasks are presented sequentially and processed by a within-task algorithm. We propose a lifelong learning strategy which refines the underlying data representation used by the within-task algorithm, thereby transferring information from one ta...
computer science
6,279
Learning Bound for Parameter Transfer Learning
stat.ML
We consider a transfer-learning problem by using the parameter transfer approach, where a suitable parameter of feature mapping is learned through one task and applied to another objective task. Then, we introduce the notion of the local stability and parameter transfer learnability of parametric feature mapping,and th...
computer science
6,280
Compressive K-means
cs.LG
The Lloyd-Max algorithm is a classical approach to perform K-means clustering. Unfortunately, its cost becomes prohibitive as the training dataset grows large. We propose a compressive version of K-means (CKM), that estimates cluster centers from a sketch, i.e. from a drastically compressed representation of the traini...
computer science
6,281
A Category Space Approach to Supervised Dimensionality Reduction
stat.ML
Supervised dimensionality reduction has emerged as an important theme in the last decade. Despite the plethora of models and formulations, there is a lack of a simple model which aims to project the set of patterns into a space defined by the classes (or categories). To this end, we set up a model in which each class i...
computer science
6,282
On Bochner's and Polya's Characterizations of Positive-Definite Kernels and the Respective Random Feature Maps
stat.ML
Positive-definite kernel functions are fundamental elements of kernel methods and Gaussian processes. A well-known construction of such functions comes from Bochner's characterization, which connects a positive-definite function with a probability distribution. Another construction, which appears to have attracted less...
computer science
6,283
Professor Forcing: A New Algorithm for Training Recurrent Networks
stat.ML
The Teacher Forcing algorithm trains recurrent networks by supplying observed sequence values as inputs during training and using the network's own one-step-ahead predictions to do multi-step sampling. We introduce the Professor Forcing algorithm, which uses adversarial domain adaptation to encourage the dynamics of th...
computer science
6,284
Orthogonal Random Features
cs.LG
We present an intriguing discovery related to Random Fourier Features: in Gaussian kernel approximation, replacing the random Gaussian matrix by a properly scaled random orthogonal matrix significantly decreases kernel approximation error. We call this technique Orthogonal Random Features (ORF), and provide theoretical...
computer science
6,285
Missing Data Imputation for Supervised Learning
stat.ML
This paper compares methods for imputing missing categorical data for supervised learning tasks. The ability of researchers to accurately fit a model and yield unbiased estimates may be compromised by missing data, which are prevalent in survey-based social science research. We experiment on two machine learning benchm...
computer science
6,286
SOL: A Library for Scalable Online Learning Algorithms
cs.LG
SOL is an open-source library for scalable online learning algorithms, and is particularly suitable for learning with high-dimensional data. The library provides a family of regular and sparse online learning algorithms for large-scale binary and multi-class classification tasks with high efficiency, scalability, porta...
computer science
6,287
Adaptive regularization for Lasso models in the context of non-stationary data streams
stat.ML
Large scale, streaming datasets are ubiquitous in modern machine learning. Streaming algorithms must be scalable, amenable to incremental training and robust to the presence of non-stationarity. In this work consider the problem of learning $\ell_1$ regularized linear models in the context of streaming data. In particu...
computer science
6,288
Correlated-PCA: Principal Components' Analysis when Data and Noise are Correlated
cs.LG
Given a matrix of observed data, Principal Components Analysis (PCA) computes a small number of orthogonal directions that contain most of its variability. Provably accurate solutions for PCA have been in use for a long time. However, to the best of our knowledge, all existing theoretical guarantees for it assume that ...
computer science
6,289
Homotopy Analysis for Tensor PCA
stat.ML
Developing efficient and guaranteed nonconvex algorithms has been an important challenge in modern machine learning. Algorithms with good empirical performance such as stochastic gradient descent often lack theoretical guarantees. In this paper, we analyze the class of homotopy or continuation methods for global optimi...
computer science
6,290
Dynamic matrix recovery from incomplete observations under an exact low-rank constraint
stat.ML
Low-rank matrix factorizations arise in a wide variety of applications -- including recommendation systems, topic models, and source separation, to name just a few. In these and many other applications, it has been widely noted that by incorporating temporal information and allowing for the possibility of time-varying ...
computer science
6,291
Contextual Decision Processes with Low Bellman Rank are PAC-Learnable
cs.LG
This paper studies systematic exploration for reinforcement learning with rich observations and function approximation. We introduce a new model called contextual decision processes, that unifies and generalizes most prior settings. Our first contribution is a complexity measure, the Bellman rank, that we show enables ...
computer science
6,292
Active Learning from Imperfect Labelers
cs.LG
We study active learning where the labeler can not only return incorrect labels but also abstain from labeling. We consider different noise and abstention conditions of the labeler. We propose an algorithm which utilizes abstention responses, and analyze its statistical consistency and query complexity under fairly nat...
computer science
6,293
Complex-Valued Kernel Methods for Regression
stat.ML
Usually, complex-valued RKHS are presented as an straightforward application of the real-valued case. In this paper we prove that this procedure yields a limited solution for regression. We show that another kernel, here denoted as pseudo kernel, is needed to learn any function in complex-valued fields. Accordingly, we...
computer science
6,294
Optimization for Large-Scale Machine Learning with Distributed Features and Observations
stat.ML
As the size of modern data sets exceeds the disk and memory capacities of a single computer, machine learning practitioners have resorted to parallel and distributed computing. Given that optimization is one of the pillars of machine learning and predictive modeling, distributed optimization methods have recently garne...
computer science
6,295
Kernel Bandwidth Selection for SVDD: Peak Criterion Approach for Large Data
cs.LG
Support Vector Data Description (SVDD) provides a useful approach to construct a description of multivariate data for single-class classification and outlier detection with various practical applications. Gaussian kernel used in SVDD formulation allows flexible data description defined by observations designated as sup...
computer science
6,296
The Concrete Distribution: A Continuous Relaxation of Discrete Random Variables
cs.LG
The reparameterization trick enables optimizing large scale stochastic computation graphs via gradient descent. The essence of the trick is to refactor each stochastic node into a differentiable function of its parameters and a random variable with fixed distribution. After refactoring, the gradients of the loss propag...
computer science
6,297
A-Ward_p\b{eta}: Effective hierarchical clustering using the Minkowski metric and a fast k -means initialisation
cs.LG
In this paper we make two novel contributions to hierarchical clustering. First, we introduce an anomalous pattern initialisation method for hierarchical clustering algorithms, called A-Ward, capable of substantially reducing the time they take to converge. This method generates an initial partition with a sufficiently...
computer science
6,298
Categorical Reparameterization with Gumbel-Softmax
stat.ML
Categorical variables are a natural choice for representing discrete structure in the world. However, stochastic neural networks rarely use categorical latent variables due to the inability to backpropagate through samples. In this work, we present an efficient gradient estimator that replaces the non-differentiable sa...
computer science
6,299
Deep Information Propagation
stat.ML
We study the behavior of untrained neural networks whose weights and biases are randomly distributed using mean field theory. We show the existence of depth scales that naturally limit the maximum depth of signal propagation through these random networks. Our main practical result is to show that random networks may be...
computer science