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6,500
McGan: Mean and Covariance Feature Matching GAN
cs.LG
We introduce new families of Integral Probability Metrics (IPM) for training Generative Adversarial Networks (GAN). Our IPMs are based on matching statistics of distributions embedded in a finite dimensional feature space. Mean and covariance feature matching IPMs allow for stable training of GANs, which we will call M...
computer science
6,501
Boundary-Seeking Generative Adversarial Networks
stat.ML
Generative adversarial networks (GANs) are a learning framework that rely on training a discriminator to estimate a measure of difference between a target and generated distributions. GANs, as normally formulated, rely on the generated samples being completely differentiable w.r.t. the generative parameters, and thus d...
computer science
6,502
Semi-parametric Network Structure Discovery Models
cs.LG
We propose a network structure discovery model for continuous observations that generalizes linear causal models by incorporating a Gaussian process (GP) prior on a network-independent component, and random sparsity and weight matrices as the network-dependent parameters. This approach provides flexible modeling of net...
computer science
6,503
Fast Threshold Tests for Detecting Discrimination
stat.ML
Threshold tests have recently been proposed as a useful method for detecting bias in lending, hiring, and policing decisions. For example, in the case of credit extensions, these tests aim to estimate the bar for granting loans to white and minority applicants, with a higher inferred threshold for minorities indicative...
computer science
6,504
Active Learning Using Uncertainty Information
stat.ML
Many active learning methods belong to the retraining-based approaches, which select one unlabeled instance, add it to the training set with its possible labels, retrain the classification model, and evaluate the criteria that we base our selection on. However, since the true label of the selected instance is unknown, ...
computer science
6,505
Diameter-Based Active Learning
cs.LG
To date, the tightest upper and lower-bounds for the active learning of general concept classes have been in terms of a parameter of the learning problem called the splitting index. We provide, for the first time, an efficient algorithm that is able to realize this upper bound, and we empirically demonstrate its good p...
computer science
6,506
Learning Vector Autoregressive Models with Latent Processes
cs.LG
We study the problem of learning the support of transition matrix between random processes in a Vector Autoregressive (VAR) model from samples when a subset of the processes are latent. It is well known that ignoring the effect of the latent processes may lead to very different estimates of the influences among observe...
computer science
6,507
Speeding Up Latent Variable Gaussian Graphical Model Estimation via Nonconvex Optimizations
stat.ML
We study the estimation of the latent variable Gaussian graphical model (LVGGM), where the precision matrix is the superposition of a sparse matrix and a low-rank matrix. In order to speed up the estimation of the sparse plus low-rank components, we propose a sparsity constrained maximum likelihood estimator based on m...
computer science
6,508
Towards Deeper Understanding of Variational Autoencoding Models
cs.LG
We propose a new family of optimization criteria for variational auto-encoding models, generalizing the standard evidence lower bound. We provide conditions under which they recover the data distribution and learn latent features, and formally show that common issues such as blurry samples and uninformative latent feat...
computer science
6,509
Algorithmic stability and hypothesis complexity
stat.ML
We introduce a notion of algorithmic stability of learning algorithms---that we term \emph{argument stability}---that captures stability of the hypothesis output by the learning algorithm in the normed space of functions from which hypotheses are selected. The main result of the paper bounds the generalization error of...
computer science
6,510
Learning Discrete Representations via Information Maximizing Self-Augmented Training
stat.ML
Learning discrete representations of data is a central machine learning task because of the compactness of the representations and ease of interpretation. The task includes clustering and hash learning as special cases. Deep neural networks are promising to be used because they can model the non-linearity of data and s...
computer science
6,511
Central Moment Discrepancy (CMD) for Domain-Invariant Representation Learning
stat.ML
The learning of domain-invariant representations in the context of domain adaptation with neural networks is considered. We propose a new regularization method that minimizes the discrepancy between domain-specific latent feature representations directly in the hidden activation space. Although some standard distributi...
computer science
6,512
Deep Forest: Towards An Alternative to Deep Neural Networks
cs.LG
In this paper, we propose gcForest, a decision tree ensemble approach with performance highly competitive to deep neural networks. In contrast to deep neural networks which require great effort in hyper-parameter tuning, gcForest is much easier to train. Actually, even when gcForest is applied to different data from di...
computer science
6,513
Iterative Bayesian Learning for Crowdsourced Regression
cs.LG
Crowdsourcing platforms emerged as popular venues for purchasing human intelligence at low cost for large volumes of tasks. As many low-paid workers are prone to give noisy answers, one of the fundamental questions is how to identify more reliable workers and exploit this heterogeneity to infer the true answers accurat...
computer science
6,514
Lipschitz Optimisation for Lipschitz Interpolation
cs.LG
Techniques known as Nonlinear Set Membership prediction, Kinky Inference or Lipschitz Interpolation are fast and numerically robust approaches to nonparametric machine learning that have been proposed to be utilised in the context of system identification and learning-based control. They utilise presupposed Lipschitz p...
computer science
6,515
A description length approach to determining the number of k-means clusters
stat.ML
We present an asymptotic criterion to determine the optimal number of clusters in k-means. We consider k-means as data compression, and propose to adopt the number of clusters that minimizes the estimated description length after compression. Here we report two types of compression ratio based on two ways to quantify t...
computer science
6,516
Achieving non-discrimination in prediction
cs.LG
Discrimination-aware classification is receiving an increasing attention in the data mining and machine learning fields. The data preprocessing methods for constructing a discrimination-free classifier remove discrimination from the training data, and learn the classifier from the cleaned data. However, there lacks of ...
computer science
6,517
Dual Iterative Hard Thresholding: From Non-convex Sparse Minimization to Non-smooth Concave Maximization
cs.LG
Iterative Hard Thresholding (IHT) is a class of projected gradient descent methods for optimizing sparsity-constrained minimization models, with the best known efficiency and scalability in practice. As far as we know, the existing IHT-style methods are designed for sparse minimization in primal form. It remains open t...
computer science
6,518
Modular Representation of Layered Neural Networks
stat.ML
Layered neural networks have greatly improved the performance of various applications including image processing, speech recognition, natural language processing, and bioinformatics. However, it is still difficult to discover or interpret knowledge from the inference provided by a layered neural network, since its inte...
computer science
6,519
L$^3$-SVMs: Landmarks-based Linear Local Support Vectors Machines
stat.ML
For their ability to capture non-linearities in the data and to scale to large training sets, local Support Vector Machines (SVMs) have received a special attention during the past decade. In this paper, we introduce a new local SVM method, called L$^3$-SVMs, which clusters the input space, carries out dimensionality r...
computer science
6,520
Detecting Adversarial Samples from Artifacts
stat.ML
Deep neural networks (DNNs) are powerful nonlinear architectures that are known to be robust to random perturbations of the input. However, these models are vulnerable to adversarial perturbations--small input changes crafted explicitly to fool the model. In this paper, we ask whether a DNN can distinguish adversarial ...
computer science
6,521
Human Interaction with Recommendation Systems: On Bias and Exploration
stat.ML
Recommendation systems rely on historical user data to provide suggestions. We propose an explicit and simple model for the interaction between users and recommendations provided by a platform, and relate this model to the multi-armed bandit literature. First, we show that this interaction leads to a bias in naive esti...
computer science
6,522
Active Learning for Accurate Estimation of Linear Models
stat.ML
We explore the sequential decision making problem where the goal is to estimate uniformly well a number of linear models, given a shared budget of random contexts independently sampled from a known distribution. The decision maker must query one of the linear models for each incoming context, and receives an observatio...
computer science
6,523
Positive-Unlabeled Learning with Non-Negative Risk Estimator
cs.LG
From only positive (P) and unlabeled (U) data, a binary classifier could be trained with PU learning, in which the state of the art is unbiased PU learning. However, if its model is very flexible, empirical risks on training data will go negative, and we will suffer from serious overfitting. In this paper, we propose a...
computer science
6,524
A Unifying View of Explicit and Implicit Feature Maps for Structured Data: Systematic Studies of Graph Kernels
cs.LG
Non-linear kernel methods can be approximated by fast linear ones using suitable explicit feature maps allowing their application to large scale problems. To this end, explicit feature maps of kernels for vectorial data have been extensively studied. As many real-world data is structured, various kernels for complex da...
computer science
6,525
Meta Networks
cs.LG
Neural networks have been successfully applied in applications with a large amount of labeled data. However, the task of rapid generalization on new concepts with small training data while preserving performances on previously learned ones still presents a significant challenge to neural network models. In this work, w...
computer science
6,526
Encrypted accelerated least squares regression
stat.ML
Information that is stored in an encrypted format is, by definition, usually not amenable to statistical analysis or machine learning methods. In this paper we present detailed analysis of coordinate and accelerated gradient descent algorithms which are capable of fitting least squares and penalised ridge regression mo...
computer science
6,527
Learning the Structure of Generative Models without Labeled Data
cs.LG
Curating labeled training data has become the primary bottleneck in machine learning. Recent frameworks address this bottleneck with generative models to synthesize labels at scale from weak supervision sources. The generative model's dependency structure directly affects the quality of the estimated labels, but select...
computer science
6,528
Self-Paced Multitask Learning with Shared Knowledge
stat.ML
This paper introduces self-paced task selection to multitask learning, where instances from more closely related tasks are selected in a progression of easier-to-harder tasks, to emulate an effective human education strategy, but applied to multitask machine learning. We develop the mathematical foundation for the appr...
computer science
6,529
Optimization of distributions differences for classification
cs.LG
In this paper we introduce a new classification algorithm called Optimization of Distributions Differences (ODD). The algorithm aims to find a transformation from the feature space to a new space where the instances in the same class are as close as possible to one another while the gravity centers of these classes are...
computer science
6,530
Co-Clustering for Multitask Learning
stat.ML
This paper presents a new multitask learning framework that learns a shared representation among the tasks, incorporating both task and feature clusters. The jointly-induced clusters yield a shared latent subspace where task relationships are learned more effectively and more generally than in state-of-the-art multitas...
computer science
6,531
Active Learning for Cost-Sensitive Classification
cs.LG
We design an active learning algorithm for cost-sensitive multiclass classification: problems where different errors have different costs. Our algorithm, COAL, makes predictions by regressing to each label's cost and predicting the smallest. On a new example, it uses a set of regressors that perform well on past data t...
computer science
6,532
Learning Identifiable Gaussian Bayesian Networks in Polynomial Time and Sample Complexity
cs.LG
Learning the directed acyclic graph (DAG) structure of a Bayesian network from observational data is a notoriously difficult problem for which many hardness results are known. In this paper we propose a provably polynomial-time algorithm for learning sparse Gaussian Bayesian networks with equal noise variance --- a cla...
computer science
6,533
Machine Learning on Sequential Data Using a Recurrent Weighted Average
stat.ML
Recurrent Neural Networks (RNN) are a type of statistical model designed to handle sequential data. The model reads a sequence one symbol at a time. Each symbol is processed based on information collected from the previous symbols. With existing RNN architectures, each symbol is processed using only information from th...
computer science
6,534
A Theory of Output-Side Unsupervised Domain Adaptation
cs.LG
When learning a mapping from an input space to an output space, the assumption that the sample distribution of the training data is the same as that of the test data is often violated. Unsupervised domain shift methods adapt the learned function in order to correct for this shift. Previous work has focused on utilizing...
computer science
6,535
Improving Regret Bounds for Combinatorial Semi-Bandits with Probabilistically Triggered Arms and Its Applications
cs.LG
We study combinatorial multi-armed bandit with probabilistically triggered arms (CMAB-T) and semi-bandit feedback. We resolve a serious issue in the prior CMAB-T studies where the regret bounds contain a possibly exponentially large factor of $1/p^*$, where $p^*$ is the minimum positive probability that an arm is trigg...
computer science
6,536
Measuring Sample Quality with Kernels
stat.ML
Approximate Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) offers the promise of more rapid sampling at the cost of more biased inference. Since standard MCMC diagnostics fail to detect these biases, researchers have developed computable Stein discrepancy measures that provably determine the convergence of a sample to its target dist...
computer science
6,537
Orthogonalized ALS: A Theoretically Principled Tensor Decomposition Algorithm for Practical Use
cs.LG
The popular Alternating Least Squares (ALS) algorithm for tensor decomposition is efficient and easy to implement, but often converges to poor local optima---particularly when the weights of the factors are non-uniform. We propose a modification of the ALS approach that is as efficient as standard ALS, but provably rec...
computer science
6,538
Multiplicative Normalizing Flows for Variational Bayesian Neural Networks
stat.ML
We reinterpret multiplicative noise in neural networks as auxiliary random variables that augment the approximate posterior in a variational setting for Bayesian neural networks. We show that through this interpretation it is both efficient and straightforward to improve the approximation by employing normalizing flows...
computer science
6,539
Neural Episodic Control
cs.LG
Deep reinforcement learning methods attain super-human performance in a wide range of environments. Such methods are grossly inefficient, often taking orders of magnitudes more data than humans to achieve reasonable performance. We propose Neural Episodic Control: a deep reinforcement learning agent that is able to rap...
computer science
6,540
Revisiting stochastic off-policy action-value gradients
stat.ML
Off-policy stochastic actor-critic methods rely on approximating the stochastic policy gradient in order to derive an optimal policy. One may also derive the optimal policy by approximating the action-value gradient. The use of action-value gradients is desirable as policy improvement occurs along the direction of stee...
computer science
6,541
Classification and clustering for samples of event time data using non-homogeneous Poisson process models
cs.LG
Data of the form of event times arise in various applications. A simple model for such data is a non-homogeneous Poisson process (NHPP) which is specified by a rate function that depends on time. We consider the problem of having access to multiple independent samples of event time data, observed on a common interval, ...
computer science
6,542
Model-Based Multiple Instance Learning
stat.ML
While Multiple Instance (MI) data are point patterns -- sets or multi-sets of unordered points -- appropriate statistical point pattern models have not been used in MI learning. This article proposes a framework for model-based MI learning using point process theory. Likelihood functions for point pattern data derived ...
computer science
6,543
Global Weisfeiler-Lehman Graph Kernels
cs.LG
Most state-of-the-art graph kernels only take local graph properties into account, i.e., the kernel is computed with regard to properties of the neighborhood of vertices or other small substructures. On the other hand, kernels that do take global graph propertiesinto account may not scale well to large graph databases....
computer science
6,544
On Structured Prediction Theory with Calibrated Convex Surrogate Losses
cs.LG
We provide novel theoretical insights on structured prediction in the context of efficient convex surrogate loss minimization with consistency guarantees. For any task loss, we construct a convex surrogate that can be optimized via stochastic gradient descent and we prove tight bounds on the so-called "calibration func...
computer science
6,545
An investigation into machine learning approaches for forecasting spatio-temporal demand in ride-hailing service
cs.LG
In this paper, we present machine learning approaches for characterizing and forecasting the short-term demand for on-demand ride-hailing services. We propose the spatio-temporal estimation of the demand that is a function of variable effects related to traffic, pricing and weather conditions. With respect to the metho...
computer science
6,546
Online Multilinear Dictionary Learning for Sequential Compressive Sensing
cs.LG
A method for online tensor dictionary learning is proposed. With the assumption of separable dictionaries, tensor contraction is used to diminish a $N$-way model of $\mathcal{O}\left(L^N\right)$ into a simple matrix equation of $\mathcal{O}\left(NL^2\right)$ with a real-time capability. To avoid numerical instability d...
computer science
6,547
Online Learning to Rank in Stochastic Click Models
cs.LG
Online learning to rank is a core problem in information retrieval and machine learning. Many provably efficient algorithms have been recently proposed for this problem in specific click models. The click model is a model of how the user interacts with a list of documents. Though these results are significant, their im...
computer science
6,548
Stopping GAN Violence: Generative Unadversarial Networks
stat.ML
While the costs of human violence have attracted a great deal of attention from the research community, the effects of the network-on-network (NoN) violence popularised by Generative Adversarial Networks have yet to be addressed. In this work, we quantify the financial, social, spiritual, cultural, grammatical and derm...
computer science
6,549
Regularising Non-linear Models Using Feature Side-information
cs.LG
Very often features come with their own vectorial descriptions which provide detailed information about their properties. We refer to these vectorial descriptions as feature side-information. In the standard learning scenario, input is represented as a vector of features and the feature side-information is most often i...
computer science
6,550
Online Convex Optimization with Unconstrained Domains and Losses
cs.LG
We propose an online convex optimization algorithm (RescaledExp) that achieves optimal regret in the unconstrained setting without prior knowledge of any bounds on the loss functions. We prove a lower bound showing an exponential separation between the regret of existing algorithms that require a known bound on the los...
computer science
6,551
Online Learning Without Prior Information
cs.LG
The vast majority of optimization and online learning algorithms today require some prior information about the data (often in the form of bounds on gradients or on the optimal parameter value). When this information is not available, these algorithms require laborious manual tuning of various hyperparameters, motivati...
computer science
6,552
Don't Fear the Bit Flips: Optimized Coding Strategies for Binary Classification
stat.ML
After being trained, classifiers must often operate on data that has been corrupted by noise. In this paper, we consider the impact of such noise on the features of binary classifiers. Inspired by tools for classifier robustness, we introduce the same classification probability (SCP) to measure the resulting distortion...
computer science
6,553
Structural Data Recognition with Graph Model Boosting
cs.LG
This paper presents a novel method for structural data recognition using a large number of graph models. In general, prevalent methods for structural data recognition have two shortcomings: 1) Only a single model is used to capture structural variation. 2) Naive recognition methods are used, such as the nearest neighbo...
computer science
6,554
Dropout Inference in Bayesian Neural Networks with Alpha-divergences
cs.LG
To obtain uncertainty estimates with real-world Bayesian deep learning models, practical inference approximations are needed. Dropout variational inference (VI) for example has been used for machine vision and medical applications, but VI can severely underestimates model uncertainty. Alpha-divergences are alternative ...
computer science
6,555
Unsupervised Ensemble Regression
stat.ML
Consider a regression problem where there is no labeled data and the only observations are the predictions $f_i(x_j)$ of $m$ experts $f_{i}$ over many samples $x_j$. With no knowledge on the accuracy of the experts, is it still possible to accurately estimate the unknown responses $y_{j}$? Can one still detect the leas...
computer science
6,556
Spectral Graph Convolutions for Population-based Disease Prediction
stat.ML
Exploiting the wealth of imaging and non-imaging information for disease prediction tasks requires models capable of representing, at the same time, individual features as well as data associations between subjects from potentially large populations. Graphs provide a natural framework for such tasks, yet previous graph...
computer science
6,557
Parallel Implementation of Efficient Search Schemes for the Inference of Cancer Progression Models
cs.LG
The emergence and development of cancer is a consequence of the accumulation over time of genomic mutations involving a specific set of genes, which provides the cancer clones with a functional selective advantage. In this work, we model the order of accumulation of such mutations during the progression, which eventual...
computer science
6,558
A GAMP Based Low Complexity Sparse Bayesian Learning Algorithm
cs.LG
In this paper, we present an algorithm for the sparse signal recovery problem that incorporates damped Gaussian generalized approximate message passing (GGAMP) into Expectation-Maximization (EM)-based sparse Bayesian learning (SBL). In particular, GGAMP is used to implement the E-step in SBL in place of matrix inversio...
computer science
6,559
Sample Efficient Feature Selection for Factored MDPs
cs.LG
In reinforcement learning, the state of the real world is often represented by feature vectors. However, not all of the features may be pertinent for solving the current task. We propose Feature Selection Explore and Exploit (FS-EE), an algorithm that automatically selects the necessary features while learning a Factor...
computer science
6,560
Deep Learning in Customer Churn Prediction: Unsupervised Feature Learning on Abstract Company Independent Feature Vectors
cs.LG
As companies increase their efforts in retaining customers, being able to predict accurately ahead of time, whether a customer will churn in the foreseeable future is an extremely powerful tool for any marketing team. The paper describes in depth the application of Deep Learning in the problem of churn prediction. Usin...
computer science
6,561
Sequential Local Learning for Latent Graphical Models
cs.LG
Learning parameters of latent graphical models (GM) is inherently much harder than that of no-latent ones since the latent variables make the corresponding log-likelihood non-concave. Nevertheless, expectation-maximization schemes are popularly used in practice, but they are typically stuck in local optima. In the rece...
computer science
6,562
Multiscale Hierarchical Convolutional Networks
cs.LG
Deep neural network algorithms are difficult to analyze because they lack structure allowing to understand the properties of underlying transforms and invariants. Multiscale hierarchical convolutional networks are structured deep convolutional networks where layers are indexed by progressively higher dimensional attrib...
computer science
6,563
Langevin Dynamics with Continuous Tempering for Training Deep Neural Networks
cs.LG
Minimizing non-convex and high-dimensional objective functions is challenging, especially when training modern deep neural networks. In this paper, a novel approach is proposed which divides the training process into two consecutive phases to obtain better generalization performance: Bayesian sampling and stochastic op...
computer science
6,564
Online Learning Rate Adaptation with Hypergradient Descent
cs.LG
We introduce a general method for improving the convergence rate of gradient-based optimizers that is easy to implement and works well in practice. We demonstrate the effectiveness of the method in a range of optimization problems by applying it to stochastic gradient descent, stochastic gradient descent with Nesterov ...
computer science
6,565
Classification in biological networks with hypergraphlet kernels
stat.ML
Biological and cellular systems are often modeled as graphs in which vertices represent objects of interest (genes, proteins, drugs) and edges represent relational ties among these objects (binds-to, interacts-with, regulates). This approach has been highly successful owing to the theory, methodology and software that ...
computer science
6,566
Prototypical Networks for Few-shot Learning
cs.LG
We propose prototypical networks for the problem of few-shot classification, where a classifier must generalize to new classes not seen in the training set, given only a small number of examples of each new class. Prototypical networks learn a metric space in which classification can be performed by computing distances...
computer science
6,567
Aggregation of Classifiers: A Justifiable Information Granularity Approach
cs.LG
In this study, we introduce a new approach to combine multi-classifiers in an ensemble system. Instead of using numeric membership values encountered in fixed combining rules, we construct interval membership values associated with each class prediction at the level of meta-data of observation by using concepts of info...
computer science
6,568
Cost-complexity pruning of random forests
stat.ML
Random forests perform bootstrap-aggregation by sampling the training samples with replacement. This enables the evaluation of out-of-bag error which serves as a internal cross-validation mechanism. Our motivation lies in using the unsampled training samples to improve each decision tree in the ensemble. We study the e...
computer science
6,569
Shift Aggregate Extract Networks
cs.LG
We introduce an architecture based on deep hierarchical decompositions to learn effective representations of large graphs. Our framework extends classic R-decompositions used in kernel methods, enabling nested "part-of-part" relations. Unlike recursive neural networks, which unroll a template on input graphs directly, ...
computer science
6,570
End-to-End Learning for Structured Prediction Energy Networks
stat.ML
Structured Prediction Energy Networks (SPENs) are a simple, yet expressive family of structured prediction models (Belanger and McCallum, 2016). An energy function over candidate structured outputs is given by a deep network, and predictions are formed by gradient-based optimization. This paper presents end-to-end lear...
computer science
6,571
Conditional Accelerated Lazy Stochastic Gradient Descent
cs.LG
In this work we introduce a conditional accelerated lazy stochastic gradient descent algorithm with optimal number of calls to a stochastic first-order oracle and convergence rate $O\left(\frac{1}{\varepsilon^2}\right)$ improving over the projection-free, Online Frank-Wolfe based stochastic gradient descent of Hazan an...
computer science
6,572
Nonconvex One-bit Single-label Multi-label Learning
stat.ML
We study an extreme scenario in multi-label learning where each training instance is endowed with a single one-bit label out of multiple labels. We formulate this problem as a non-trivial special case of one-bit rank-one matrix sensing and develop an efficient non-convex algorithm based on alternating power iteration. ...
computer science
6,573
Deep Sets
cs.LG
In this paper, we study the problem of designing objective functions for machine learning problems defined on finite \emph{sets}. In contrast to traditional objective functions defined for machine learning problems operating on finite dimensional vectors, the new objective functions we propose are operating on finite s...
computer science
6,574
Bernoulli Rank-$1$ Bandits for Click Feedback
cs.LG
The probability that a user will click a search result depends both on its relevance and its position on the results page. The position based model explains this behavior by ascribing to every item an attraction probability, and to every position an examination probability. To be clicked, a result must be both attracti...
computer science
6,575
Efficient variational Bayesian neural network ensembles for outlier detection
stat.ML
In this work we perform outlier detection using ensembles of neural networks obtained by variational approximation of the posterior in a Bayesian neural network setting. The variational parameters are obtained by sampling from the true posterior by gradient descent. We show our outlier detection results are comparable ...
computer science
6,576
On the Use of Default Parameter Settings in the Empirical Evaluation of Classification Algorithms
cs.LG
We demonstrate that, for a range of state-of-the-art machine learning algorithms, the differences in generalisation performance obtained using default parameter settings and using parameters tuned via cross-validation can be similar in magnitude to the differences in performance observed between state-of-the-art and un...
computer science
6,577
Application of backpropagation neural networks to both stages of fingerprinting based WIPS
stat.ML
We propose a scheme to employ backpropagation neural networks (BPNNs) for both stages of fingerprinting-based indoor positioning using WLAN/WiFi signal strengths (FWIPS): radio map construction during the offline stage, and localization during the online stage. Given a training radio map (TRM), i.e., a set of coordinat...
computer science
6,578
Learning to Generate Samples from Noise through Infusion Training
stat.ML
In this work, we investigate a novel training procedure to learn a generative model as the transition operator of a Markov chain, such that, when applied repeatedly on an unstructured random noise sample, it will denoise it into a sample that matches the target distribution from the training set. The novel training pro...
computer science
6,579
Metalearning for Feature Selection
cs.LG
A general formulation of optimization problems in which various candidate solutions may use different feature-sets is presented, encompassing supervised classification, automated program learning and other cases. A novel characterization of the concept of a "good quality feature" for such an optimization problem is pro...
computer science
6,580
Nonparametric Variational Auto-encoders for Hierarchical Representation Learning
cs.LG
The recently developed variational autoencoders (VAEs) have proved to be an effective confluence of the rich representational power of neural networks with Bayesian methods. However, most work on VAEs use a rather simple prior over the latent variables such as standard normal distribution, thereby restricting its appli...
computer science
6,581
On The Projection Operator to A Three-view Cardinality Constrained Set
cs.LG
The cardinality constraint is an intrinsic way to restrict the solution structure in many domains, for example, sparse learning, feature selection, and compressed sensing. To solve a cardinality constrained problem, the key challenge is to solve the projection onto the cardinality constraint set, which is NP-hard in ge...
computer science
6,582
REBAR: Low-variance, unbiased gradient estimates for discrete latent variable models
cs.LG
Learning in models with discrete latent variables is challenging due to high variance gradient estimators. Generally, approaches have relied on control variates to reduce the variance of the REINFORCE estimator. Recent work (Jang et al. 2016, Maddison et al. 2016) has taken a different approach, introducing a continuou...
computer science
6,583
LogitBoost autoregressive networks
stat.ML
Multivariate binary distributions can be decomposed into products of univariate conditional distributions. Recently popular approaches have modeled these conditionals through neural networks with sophisticated weight-sharing structures. It is shown that state-of-the-art performance on several standard benchmark dataset...
computer science
6,584
Multitask Learning and Benchmarking with Clinical Time Series Data
stat.ML
Health care is one of the most exciting frontiers in data mining and machine learning. Successful adoption of electronic health records (EHRs) created an explosion in digital clinical data available for analysis, but progress in machine learning for healthcare research has been difficult to measure because of the absen...
computer science
6,585
Asymmetric Learning Vector Quantization for Efficient Nearest Neighbor Classification in Dynamic Time Warping Spaces
cs.LG
The nearest neighbor method together with the dynamic time warping (DTW) distance is one of the most popular approaches in time series classification. This method suffers from high storage and computation requirements for large training sets. As a solution to both drawbacks, this article extends learning vector quantiz...
computer science
6,586
Exploration--Exploitation in MDPs with Options
cs.LG
While a large body of empirical results show that temporally-extended actions and options may significantly affect the learning performance of an agent, the theoretical understanding of how and when options can be beneficial in online reinforcement learning is relatively limited. In this paper, we derive an upper and l...
computer science
6,587
Uncertainty quantification in graph-based classification of high dimensional data
cs.LG
Classification of high dimensional data finds wide-ranging applications. In many of these applications equipping the resulting classification with a measure of uncertainty may be as important as the classification itself. In this paper we introduce, develop algorithms for, and investigate the properties of, a variety o...
computer science
6,588
Sticking the Landing: Simple, Lower-Variance Gradient Estimators for Variational Inference
stat.ML
We propose a simple and general variant of the standard reparameterized gradient estimator for the variational evidence lower bound. Specifically, we remove a part of the total derivative with respect to the variational parameters that corresponds to the score function. Removing this term produces an unbiased gradient ...
computer science
6,589
Factoring Exogenous State for Model-Free Monte Carlo
cs.LG
Policy analysts wish to visualize a range of policies for large simulator-defined Markov Decision Processes (MDPs). One visualization approach is to invoke the simulator to generate on-policy trajectories and then visualize those trajectories. When the simulator is expensive, this is not practical, and some method is r...
computer science
6,590
Fast Optimization of Wildfire Suppression Policies with SMAC
cs.LG
Managers of US National Forests must decide what policy to apply for dealing with lightning-caused wildfires. Conflicts among stakeholders (e.g., timber companies, home owners, and wildlife biologists) have often led to spirited political debates and even violent eco-terrorism. One way to transform these conflicts into...
computer science
6,591
Simulated Data Experiments for Time Series Classification Part 1: Accuracy Comparison with Default Settings
cs.LG
There are now a broad range of time series classification (TSC) algorithms designed to exploit different representations of the data. These have been evaluated on a range of problems hosted at the UCR-UEA TSC Archive (www.timeseriesclassification.com), and there have been extensive comparative studies. However, our und...
computer science
6,592
Early Stopping without a Validation Set
cs.LG
Early stopping is a widely used technique to prevent poor generalization performance when training an over-expressive model by means of gradient-based optimization. To find a good point to halt the optimizer, a common practice is to split the dataset into a training and a smaller validation set to obtain an ongoing est...
computer science
6,593
Hybrid Clustering based on Content and Connection Structure using Joint Nonnegative Matrix Factorization
cs.LG
We present a hybrid method for latent information discovery on the data sets containing both text content and connection structure based on constrained low rank approximation. The new method jointly optimizes the Nonnegative Matrix Factorization (NMF) objective function for text clustering and the Symmetric NMF (SymNMF...
computer science
6,594
Unifying the Stochastic Spectral Descent for Restricted Boltzmann Machines with Bernoulli or Gaussian Inputs
stat.ML
Stochastic gradient descent based algorithms are typically used as the general optimization tools for most deep learning models. A Restricted Boltzmann Machine (RBM) is a probabilistic generative model that can be stacked to construct deep architectures. For RBM with Bernoulli inputs, non-Euclidean algorithm such as st...
computer science
6,595
Inverse Risk-Sensitive Reinforcement Learning
cs.LG
We address the problem of inverse reinforcement learning in Markov decision processes where the agent is risk-sensitive. In particular, we model risk-sensitivity in a reinforcement learning framework by making use of models of human decision-making having their origins in behavioral psychology, behavioral economics, an...
computer science
6,596
Marginal likelihood based model comparison in Fuzzy Bayesian Learning
stat.ML
In a recent paper [1] we introduced the Fuzzy Bayesian Learning (FBL) paradigm where expert opinions can be encoded in the form of fuzzy rule bases and the hyper-parameters of the fuzzy sets can be learned from data using a Bayesian approach. The present paper extends this work for selecting the most appropriate rule b...
computer science
6,597
Probabilistic Line Searches for Stochastic Optimization
cs.LG
In deterministic optimization, line searches are a standard tool ensuring stability and efficiency. Where only stochastic gradients are available, no direct equivalent has so far been formulated, because uncertain gradients do not allow for a strict sequence of decisions collapsing the search space. We construct a prob...
computer science
6,598
From Deep to Shallow: Transformations of Deep Rectifier Networks
cs.LG
In this paper, we introduce transformations of deep rectifier networks, enabling the conversion of deep rectifier networks into shallow rectifier networks. We subsequently prove that any rectifier net of any depth can be represented by a maximum of a number of functions that can be realized by a shallow network with a ...
computer science
6,599
On Fundamental Limits of Robust Learning
cs.LG
We consider the problems of robust PAC learning from distributed and streaming data, which may contain malicious errors and outliers, and analyze their fundamental complexity questions. In particular, we establish lower bounds on the communication complexity for distributed robust learning performed on multiple machine...
computer science