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6,700
Masked Autoregressive Flow for Density Estimation
stat.ML
Autoregressive models are among the best performing neural density estimators. We describe an approach for increasing the flexibility of an autoregressive model, based on modelling the random numbers that the model uses internally when generating data. By constructing a stack of autoregressive models, each modelling th...
computer science
6,701
EE-Grad: Exploration and Exploitation for Cost-Efficient Mini-Batch SGD
cs.LG
We present a generic framework for trading off fidelity and cost in computing stochastic gradients when the costs of acquiring stochastic gradients of different quality are not known a priori. We consider a mini-batch oracle that distributes a limited query budget over a number of stochastic gradients and aggregates th...
computer science
6,702
Gradient Estimators for Implicit Models
stat.ML
Implicit models, which allow for the generation of samples but not for point-wise evaluation of probabilities, are omnipresent in real-world problems tackled by machine learning and a hot topic of current research. Some examples include data simulators that are widely used in engineering and scientific research, genera...
computer science
6,703
Relaxed Wasserstein with Applications to GANs
stat.ML
We propose a novel class of statistical divergences called \textit{Relaxed Wasserstein} (RW) divergence. RW divergence generalizes Wasserstein distance and is parametrized by strictly convex, differentiable functions. We establish for RW several key probabilistic properties, which are critical for the success of Wasser...
computer science
6,704
Two-temperature logistic regression based on the Tsallis divergence
cs.LG
We develop a variant of multiclass logistic regression that achieves three properties: i) We minimize a non-convex surrogate loss which makes the method robust to outliers, ii) our method allows transitioning between non-convex and convex losses by the choice of the parameters, iii) the surrogate loss is Bayes consiste...
computer science
6,705
Forward Thinking: Building Deep Random Forests
stat.ML
The success of deep neural networks has inspired many to wonder whether other learners could benefit from deep, layered architectures. We present a general framework called forward thinking for deep learning that generalizes the architectural flexibility and sophistication of deep neural networks while also allowing fo...
computer science
6,706
Instrument-Armed Bandits
stat.ML
We extend the classic multi-armed bandit (MAB) model to the setting of noncompliance, where the arm pull is a mere instrument and the treatment applied may differ from it, which gives rise to the instrument-armed bandit (IAB) problem. The IAB setting is relevant whenever the experimental units are human since free will...
computer science
6,707
Nice latent variable models have log-rank
cs.LG
Matrices of low rank are pervasive in big data, appearing in recommender systems, movie preferences, topic models, medical records, and genomics. While there is a vast literature on how to exploit low rank structure in these datasets, there is less attention on explaining why the low rank structure appears in the first...
computer science
6,708
Annealed Generative Adversarial Networks
stat.ML
We introduce a novel framework for adversarial training where the target distribution is annealed between the uniform distribution and the data distribution. We posited a conjecture that learning under continuous annealing in the nonparametric regime is stable irrespective of the divergence measures in the objective fu...
computer science
6,709
Learning from Complementary Labels
stat.ML
Collecting labeled data is costly and thus a critical bottleneck in real-world classification tasks. To mitigate this problem, we propose a novel setting, namely learning from complementary labels for multi-class classification. A complementary label specifies a class that a pattern does not belong to. Collecting compl...
computer science
6,710
On the diffusion approximation of nonconvex stochastic gradient descent
stat.ML
We study the Stochastic Gradient Descent (SGD) method in nonconvex optimization problems from the point of view of approximating diffusion processes. We prove rigorously that the diffusion process can approximate the SGD algorithm weakly using the weak form of master equation for probability evolution. In the small ste...
computer science
6,711
Multi-output Polynomial Networks and Factorization Machines
stat.ML
Factorization machines and polynomial networks are supervised polynomial models based on an efficient low-rank decomposition. We extend these models to the multi-output setting, i.e., for learning vector-valued functions, with application to multi-class or multi-task problems. We cast this as the problem of learning a ...
computer science
6,712
A Linear-Time Kernel Goodness-of-Fit Test
stat.ML
We propose a novel adaptive test of goodness-of-fit, with computational cost linear in the number of samples. We learn the test features that best indicate the differences between observed samples and a reference model, by minimizing the false negative rate. These features are constructed via Stein's method, meaning th...
computer science
6,713
Dissecting Adam: The Sign, Magnitude and Variance of Stochastic Gradients
cs.LG
The ADAM optimizer is exceedingly popular in the deep learning community. Often it works very well, sometimes it doesn't. Why? We interpret ADAM as a combination of two aspects: for each weight, the update direction is determined by the sign of stochastic gradients, whereas the update magnitude is determined by an esti...
computer science
6,714
Parallel Stochastic Gradient Descent with Sound Combiners
cs.LG
Stochastic gradient descent (SGD) is a well known method for regression and classification tasks. However, it is an inherently sequential algorithm at each step, the processing of the current example depends on the parameters learned from the previous examples. Prior approaches to parallelizing linear learners using SG...
computer science
6,715
Wasserstein Learning of Deep Generative Point Process Models
cs.LG
Point processes are becoming very popular in modeling asynchronous sequential data due to their sound mathematical foundation and strength in modeling a variety of real-world phenomena. Currently, they are often characterized via intensity function which limits model's expressiveness due to unrealistic assumptions on i...
computer science
6,716
Ambiguity set and learning via Bregman and Wasserstein
stat.ML
Construction of ambiguity set in robust optimization relies on the choice of divergences between probability distributions. In distribution learning, choosing appropriate probability distributions based on observed data is critical for approximating the true distribution. To improve the performance of machine learning ...
computer science
6,717
Consistent Multitask Learning with Nonlinear Output Relations
cs.LG
Key to multitask learning is exploiting relationships between different tasks to improve prediction performance. If the relations are linear, regularization approaches can be used successfully. However, in practice assuming the tasks to be linearly related might be restrictive, and allowing for nonlinear structures is ...
computer science
6,718
What does an LSTM look for in classifying heartbeats?
stat.ML
Long short-term memory (LSTM) recurrent neural networks are renowned for being uninterpretable "black boxes". In the medical domain where LSTMs have shown promise, this is specifically concerning because it is imperative to understand the decisions made by machine learning models in such acute situations. This study em...
computer science
6,719
Learning to Succeed while Teaching to Fail: Privacy in Closed Machine Learning Systems
stat.ML
Security, privacy, and fairness have become critical in the era of data science and machine learning. More and more we see that achieving universally secure, private, and fair systems is practically impossible. We have seen for example how generative adversarial networks can be used to learn about the expected private ...
computer science
6,720
The Marginal Value of Adaptive Gradient Methods in Machine Learning
stat.ML
Adaptive optimization methods, which perform local optimization with a metric constructed from the history of iterates, are becoming increasingly popular for training deep neural networks. Examples include AdaGrad, RMSProp, and Adam. We show that for simple overparameterized problems, adaptive methods often find drasti...
computer science
6,721
Ridesourcing Car Detection by Transfer Learning
cs.LG
Ridesourcing platforms like Uber and Didi are getting more and more popular around the world. However, unauthorized ridesourcing activities taking advantages of the sharing economy can greatly impair the healthy development of this emerging industry. As the first step to regulate on-demand ride services and eliminate b...
computer science
6,722
Bayesian Pool-based Active Learning With Abstention Feedbacks
stat.ML
We study pool-based active learning with abstention feedbacks, where a labeler can abstain from labeling a queried example with some unknown abstention rate. This is an important problem with many useful applications. We take a Bayesian approach to the problem and develop two new greedy algorithms that learn both the c...
computer science
6,723
Data-driven Random Fourier Features using Stein Effect
cs.LG
Large-scale kernel approximation is an important problem in machine learning research. Approaches using random Fourier features have become increasingly popular [Rahimi and Recht, 2007], where kernel approximation is treated as empirical mean estimation via Monte Carlo (MC) or Quasi-Monte Carlo (QMC) integration [Yang ...
computer science
6,724
Towards Interrogating Discriminative Machine Learning Models
cs.LG
It is oftentimes impossible to understand how machine learning models reach a decision. While recent research has proposed various technical approaches to provide some clues as to how a learning model makes individual decisions, they cannot provide users with ability to inspect a learning model as a complete entity. In...
computer science
6,725
Multi-Task Learning for Contextual Bandits
stat.ML
Contextual bandits are a form of multi-armed bandit in which the agent has access to predictive side information (known as the context) for each arm at each time step, and have been used to model personalized news recommendation, ad placement, and other applications. In this work, we propose a multi-task learning frame...
computer science
6,726
Nonparametric Preference Completion
stat.ML
We consider the task of collaborative preference completion: given a pool of items, a pool of users and a partially observed item-user rating matrix, the goal is to recover the personalized ranking of each user over all of the items. Our approach is nonparametric: we assume that each item $i$ and each user $u$ have uno...
computer science
6,727
Towards Understanding the Invertibility of Convolutional Neural Networks
stat.ML
Several recent works have empirically observed that Convolutional Neural Nets (CNNs) are (approximately) invertible. To understand this approximate invertibility phenomenon and how to leverage it more effectively, we focus on a theoretical explanation and develop a mathematical model of sparse signal recovery that is c...
computer science
6,728
Bayesian Compression for Deep Learning
stat.ML
Compression and computational efficiency in deep learning have become a problem of great significance. In this work, we argue that the most principled and effective way to attack this problem is by adopting a Bayesian point of view, where through sparsity inducing priors we prune large parts of the network. We introduc...
computer science
6,729
Non-Stationary Spectral Kernels
stat.ML
We propose non-stationary spectral kernels for Gaussian process regression. We propose to model the spectral density of a non-stationary kernel function as a mixture of input-dependent Gaussian process frequency density surfaces. We solve the generalised Fourier transform with such a model, and present a family of non-...
computer science
6,730
Train longer, generalize better: closing the generalization gap in large batch training of neural networks
stat.ML
Background: Deep learning models are typically trained using stochastic gradient descent or one of its variants. These methods update the weights using their gradient, estimated from a small fraction of the training data. It has been observed that when using large batch sizes there is a persistent degradation in genera...
computer science
6,731
Causal Effect Inference with Deep Latent-Variable Models
stat.ML
Learning individual-level causal effects from observational data, such as inferring the most effective medication for a specific patient, is a problem of growing importance for policy makers. The most important aspect of inferring causal effects from observational data is the handling of confounders, factors that affec...
computer science
6,732
Learning with Average Top-k Loss
stat.ML
In this work, we introduce the {\em average top-$k$} (\atk) loss as a new aggregate loss for supervised learning, which is the average over the $k$ largest individual losses over a training dataset. We show that the \atk loss is a natural generalization of the two widely used aggregate losses, namely the average loss a...
computer science
6,733
Multi-Level Variational Autoencoder: Learning Disentangled Representations from Grouped Observations
cs.LG
We would like to learn a representation of the data which decomposes an observation into factors of variation which we can independently control. Specifically, we want to use minimal supervision to learn a latent representation that reflects the semantics behind a specific grouping of the data, where within a group the...
computer science
6,734
Joint Distribution Optimal Transportation for Domain Adaptation
stat.ML
This paper deals with the unsupervised domain adaptation problem, where one wants to estimate a prediction function $f$ in a given target domain without any labeled sample by exploiting the knowledge available from a source domain where labels are known. Our work makes the following assumption: there exists a non-linea...
computer science
6,735
Consistent Kernel Density Estimation with Non-Vanishing Bandwidth
stat.ML
Consistency of the kernel density estimator requires that the kernel bandwidth tends to zero as the sample size grows. In this paper we investigate the question of whether consistency is possible when the bandwidth is fixed, if we consider a more general class of weighted KDEs. To answer this question in the affirmativ...
computer science
6,736
Exploring the Regularity of Sparse Structure in Convolutional Neural Networks
cs.LG
Sparsity helps reduce the computational complexity of deep neural networks by skipping zeros. Taking advantage of sparsity is listed as a high priority in next generation DNN accelerators such as TPU. The structure of sparsity, i.e., the granularity of pruning, affects the efficiency of hardware accelerator design as w...
computer science
6,737
Approximation and Convergence Properties of Generative Adversarial Learning
cs.LG
Generative adversarial networks (GAN) approximate a target data distribution by jointly optimizing an objective function through a "two-player game" between a generator and a discriminator. Despite their empirical success, however, two very basic questions on how well they can approximate the target distribution remain...
computer science
6,738
Asynchronous Parallel Bayesian Optimisation via Thompson Sampling
stat.ML
We design and analyse variations of the classical Thompson sampling (TS) procedure for Bayesian optimisation (BO) in settings where function evaluations are expensive, but can be performed in parallel. Our theoretical analysis shows that a direct application of the sequential Thompson sampling algorithm in either synch...
computer science
6,739
Implicit Regularization in Matrix Factorization
stat.ML
We study implicit regularization when optimizing an underdetermined quadratic objective over a matrix $X$ with gradient descent on a factorization of $X$. We conjecture and provide empirical and theoretical evidence that with small enough step sizes and initialization close enough to the origin, gradient descent on a f...
computer science
6,740
Latent Geometry and Memorization in Generative Models
cs.LG
It can be difficult to tell whether a trained generative model has learned to generate novel examples or has simply memorized a specific set of outputs. In published work, it is common to attempt to address this visually, for example by displaying a generated example and its nearest neighbor(s) in the training set (in,...
computer science
6,741
Diagonal Rescaling For Neural Networks
cs.LG
We define a second-order neural network stochastic gradient training algorithm whose block-diagonal structure effectively amounts to normalizing the unit activations. Investigating why this algorithm lacks in robustness then reveals two interesting insights. The first insight suggests a new way to scale the stepsizes, ...
computer science
6,742
Stabilizing Training of Generative Adversarial Networks through Regularization
cs.LG
Deep generative models based on Generative Adversarial Networks (GANs) have demonstrated impressive sample quality but in order to work they require a careful choice of architecture, parameter initialization, and selection of hyper-parameters. This fragility is in part due to a dimensional mismatch or non-overlapping s...
computer science
6,743
An Efficient Algorithm for Bayesian Nearest Neighbours
cs.LG
K-Nearest Neighbours (k-NN) is a popular classification and regression algorithm, yet one of its main limitations is the difficulty in choosing the number of neighbours. We present a Bayesian algorithm to compute the posterior probability distribution for k given a target point within a data-set, efficiently and withou...
computer science
6,744
Combinatorial Multi-Armed Bandits with Filtered Feedback
cs.LG
Motivated by problems in search and detection we present a solution to a Combinatorial Multi-Armed Bandit (CMAB) problem with both heavy-tailed reward distributions and a new class of feedback, filtered semibandit feedback. In a CMAB problem an agent pulls a combination of arms from a set $\{1,...,k\}$ in each round, g...
computer science
6,745
Discriminative Metric Learning with Deep Forest
stat.ML
A Discriminative Deep Forest (DisDF) as a metric learning algorithm is proposed in the paper. It is based on the Deep Forest or gcForest proposed by Zhou and Feng and can be viewed as a gcForest modification. The case of the fully supervised learning is studied when the class labels of individual training examples are ...
computer science
6,746
Fisher GAN
cs.LG
Generative Adversarial Networks (GANs) are powerful models for learning complex distributions. Stable training of GANs has been addressed in many recent works which explore different metrics between distributions. In this paper we introduce Fisher GAN which fits within the Integral Probability Metrics (IPM) framework f...
computer science
6,747
Lifelong Generative Modeling
stat.ML
Lifelong learning is the problem of learning multiple consecutive tasks in a sequential manner where knowledge gained from previous tasks is retained and used for future learning. It is essential towards the development of intelligent machines that can adapt to their surroundings. In this work we focus on a lifelong le...
computer science
6,748
Efficient Modeling of Latent Information in Supervised Learning using Gaussian Processes
stat.ML
Often in machine learning, data are collected as a combination of multiple conditions, e.g., the voice recordings of multiple persons, each labeled with an ID. How could we build a model that captures the latent information related to these conditions and generalize to a new one with few data? We present a new model ca...
computer science
6,749
Learning Data Manifolds with a Cutting Plane Method
cs.LG
We consider the problem of classifying data manifolds where each manifold represents invariances that are parameterized by continuous degrees of freedom. Conventional data augmentation methods rely upon sampling large numbers of training examples from these manifolds; instead, we propose an iterative algorithm called M...
computer science
6,750
Improving the Expected Improvement Algorithm
cs.LG
The expected improvement (EI) algorithm is a popular strategy for information collection in optimization under uncertainty. The algorithm is widely known to be too greedy, but nevertheless enjoys wide use due to its simplicity and ability to handle uncertainty and noise in a coherent decision theoretic framework. To pr...
computer science
6,751
Distributed Convolutional Sparse Coding
cs.LG
We consider the problem of building shift-invariant representations for long signals in the context of distributed processing. We propose an asynchronous algorithm based on coordinate descent called DICOD to efficiently solve the $\ell_1$-minimization problems involved in convolutional sparse coding. This algorithm lev...
computer science
6,752
Coreset Construction via Randomized Matrix Multiplication
stat.ML
Coresets are small sets of points that approximate the properties of a larger point-set. For example, given a compact set $\mathcal{S} \subseteq \mathbb{R}^d$, a coreset could be defined as a (weighted) subset of $\mathcal{S}$ that approximates the sum of squared distances from $\mathcal{S}$ to every linear subspace of...
computer science
6,753
Adaptive Classification for Prediction Under a Budget
stat.ML
We propose a novel adaptive approximation approach for test-time resource-constrained prediction. Given an input instance at test-time, a gating function identifies a prediction model for the input among a collection of models. Our objective is to minimize overall average cost without sacrificing accuracy. We learn gat...
computer science
6,754
Deep Learning for Patient-Specific Kidney Graft Survival Analysis
cs.LG
An accurate model of patient-specific kidney graft survival distributions can help to improve shared-decision making in the treatment and care of patients. In this paper, we propose a deep learning method that directly models the survival function instead of estimating the hazard function to predict survival times for ...
computer science
6,755
The Principle of Logit Separation
stat.ML
We consider neural network training, in applications in which there are many possible classes, but at test-time, the task is to identify only whether the given example belongs to a specific class, which can be different in different applications of the classifier. For instance, this is the case in an image search engin...
computer science
6,756
Boltzmann Exploration Done Right
cs.LG
Boltzmann exploration is a classic strategy for sequential decision-making under uncertainty, and is one of the most standard tools in Reinforcement Learning (RL). Despite its widespread use, there is virtually no theoretical understanding about the limitations or the actual benefits of this exploration scheme. Does it...
computer science
6,757
Neural Embeddings of Graphs in Hyperbolic Space
stat.ML
Neural embeddings have been used with great success in Natural Language Processing (NLP). They provide compact representations that encapsulate word similarity and attain state-of-the-art performance in a range of linguistic tasks. The success of neural embeddings has prompted significant amounts of research into appli...
computer science
6,758
Federated Multi-Task Learning
cs.LG
Federated learning poses new statistical and systems challenges in training machine learning models over distributed networks of devices. In this work, we show that multi-task learning is naturally suited to handle the statistical challenges of this setting, and propose a novel systems-aware optimization method, MOCHA,...
computer science
6,759
Iterative Machine Teaching
stat.ML
In this paper, we consider the problem of machine teaching, the inverse problem of machine learning. Different from traditional machine teaching which views the learners as batch algorithms, we study a new paradigm where the learner uses an iterative algorithm and a teacher can feed examples sequentially and intelligen...
computer science
6,760
Joint auto-encoders: a flexible multi-task learning framework
stat.ML
The incorporation of prior knowledge into learning is essential in achieving good performance based on small noisy samples. Such knowledge is often incorporated through the availability of related data arising from domains and tasks similar to the one of current interest. Ideally one would like to allow both the data f...
computer science
6,761
The Cramer Distance as a Solution to Biased Wasserstein Gradients
cs.LG
The Wasserstein probability metric has received much attention from the machine learning community. Unlike the Kullback-Leibler divergence, which strictly measures change in probability, the Wasserstein metric reflects the underlying geometry between outcomes. The value of being sensitive to this geometry has been demo...
computer science
6,762
Recurrent Estimation of Distributions
cs.LG
This paper presents the recurrent estimation of distributions (RED) for modeling real-valued data in a semiparametric fashion. RED models make two novel uses of recurrent neural networks (RNNs) for density estimation of general real-valued data. First, RNNs are used to transform input covariates into a latent space to ...
computer science
6,763
Forward-Backward Selection with Early Dropping
cs.LG
Forward-backward selection is one of the most basic and commonly-used feature selection algorithms available. It is also general and conceptually applicable to many different types of data. In this paper, we propose a heuristic that significantly improves its running time, while preserving predictive accuracy. The idea...
computer science
6,764
Objective-Reinforced Generative Adversarial Networks (ORGAN) for Sequence Generation Models
stat.ML
In unsupervised data generation tasks, besides the generation of a sample based on previous observations, one would often like to give hints to the model in order to bias the generation towards desirable metrics. We propose a method that combines Generative Adversarial Networks (GANs) and reinforcement learning (RL) in...
computer science
6,765
High Dimensional Structured Superposition Models
cs.LG
High dimensional superposition models characterize observations using parameters which can be written as a sum of multiple component parameters, each with its own structure, e.g., sum of low rank and sparse matrices, sum of sparse and rotated sparse vectors, etc. In this paper, we consider general superposition models ...
computer science
6,766
The ALAMO approach to machine learning
cs.LG
ALAMO is a computational methodology for leaning algebraic functions from data. Given a data set, the approach begins by building a low-complexity, linear model composed of explicit non-linear transformations of the independent variables. Linear combinations of these non-linear transformations allow a linear model to b...
computer science
6,767
Sequential Dynamic Decision Making with Deep Neural Nets on a Test-Time Budget
stat.ML
Deep neural network (DNN) based approaches hold significant potential for reinforcement learning (RL) and have already shown remarkable gains over state-of-art methods in a number of applications. The effectiveness of DNN methods can be attributed to leveraging the abundance of supervised data to learn value functions,...
computer science
6,768
Spectral Norm Regularization for Improving the Generalizability of Deep Learning
stat.ML
We investigate the generalizability of deep learning based on the sensitivity to input perturbation. We hypothesize that the high sensitivity to the perturbation of data degrades the performance on it. To reduce the sensitivity to perturbation, we propose a simple and effective regularization method, referred to as spe...
computer science
6,769
FALKON: An Optimal Large Scale Kernel Method
stat.ML
Kernel methods provide a principled way to perform non linear, nonparametric learning. They rely on solid functional analytic foundations and enjoy optimal statistical properties. However, at least in their basic form, they have limited applicability in large scale scenarios because of stringent computational requireme...
computer science
6,770
Greedy Algorithms for Cone Constrained Optimization with Convergence Guarantees
cs.LG
Greedy optimization methods such as Matching Pursuit (MP) and Frank-Wolfe (FW) algorithms regained popularity in recent years due to their simplicity, effectiveness and theoretical guarantees. MP and FW address optimization over the linear span and the convex hull of a set of atoms, respectively. In this paper, we cons...
computer science
6,771
Toward Robustness against Label Noise in Training Deep Discriminative Neural Networks
cs.LG
Collecting large training datasets, annotated with high-quality labels, is costly and time-consuming. This paper proposes a novel framework for training deep convolutional neural networks from noisy labeled datasets that can be obtained cheaply. The problem is formulated using an undirected graphical model that represe...
computer science
6,772
Subjective fairness: Fairness is in the eye of the beholder
cs.LG
We analyze different notions of fairness in decision making when the underlying model is not known with certainty. We argue that recent notions of fairness in machine learning need to be modified to incorporate uncertainties about model parameters. We introduce the notion of {\em subjective fairness} as a suitable cand...
computer science
6,773
Scalable Generalized Linear Bandits: Online Computation and Hashing
stat.ML
Generalized Linear Bandits (GLBs), a natural extension of the stochastic linear bandits, has been popular and successful in recent years. However, existing GLBs scale poorly with the number of rounds and the number of arms, limiting their utility in practice. This paper proposes new, scalable solutions to the GLB probl...
computer science
6,774
Discriminative k-shot learning using probabilistic models
stat.ML
This paper introduces a probabilistic framework for k-shot image classification. The goal is to generalise from an initial large-scale classification task to a separate task comprising new classes and small numbers of examples. The new approach not only leverages the feature-based representation learned by a neural net...
computer science
6,775
On Unifying Deep Generative Models
cs.LG
Deep generative models have achieved impressive success in recent years. Generative Adversarial Networks (GANs) and Variational Autoencoders (VAEs), as powerful frameworks for deep generative model learning, have largely been considered as two distinct paradigms and received extensive independent study respectively. Th...
computer science
6,776
Learning causal Bayes networks using interventional path queries in polynomial time and sample complexity
cs.LG
Causal discovery from empirical data is a fundamental problem in many scientific domains. Observational data allows for identifiability only up to Markov equivalence class. In this paper we first propose a polynomial time algorithm for learning the exact correctly-oriented structure of the transitive reduction of any c...
computer science
6,777
Information, Privacy and Stability in Adaptive Data Analysis
cs.LG
Traditional statistical theory assumes that the analysis to be performed on a given data set is selected independently of the data themselves. This assumption breaks downs when data are re-used across analyses and the analysis to be performed at a given stage depends on the results of earlier stages. Such dependency ca...
computer science
6,778
Nonconvex penalties with analytical solutions for one-bit compressive sensing
cs.LG
One-bit measurements widely exist in the real world, and they can be used to recover sparse signals. This task is known as the problem of learning halfspaces in learning theory and one-bit compressive sensing (1bit-CS) in signal processing. In this paper, we propose novel algorithms based on both convex and nonconvex s...
computer science
6,779
InfiniteBoost: building infinite ensembles with gradient descent
stat.ML
In machine learning ensemble methods have demonstrated high accuracy for the variety of problems in different areas. The most known algorithms intensively used in practice are random forests and gradient boosting. In this paper we present InfiniteBoost - a novel algorithm, which combines the best properties of these tw...
computer science
6,780
Evolving imputation strategies for missing data in classification problems with TPOT
cs.LG
Missing data has a ubiquitous presence in real-life applications of machine learning techniques. Imputation methods are algorithms conceived for restoring missing values in the data, based on other entries in the database. The choice of the imputation method has an influence on the performance of the machine learning t...
computer science
6,781
Inconsistent Node Flattening for Improving Top-down Hierarchical Classification
cs.LG
Large-scale classification of data where classes are structurally organized in a hierarchy is an important area of research. Top-down approaches that exploit the hierarchy during the learning and prediction phase are efficient for large scale hierarchical classification. However, accuracy of top-down approaches is poor...
computer science
6,782
UCB Exploration via Q-Ensembles
cs.LG
We show how an ensemble of $Q^*$-functions can be leveraged for more effective exploration in deep reinforcement learning. We build on well established algorithms from the bandit setting, and adapt them to the $Q$-learning setting. We propose an exploration strategy based on upper-confidence bounds (UCB). Our experimen...
computer science
6,783
Open Loop Hyperparameter Optimization and Determinantal Point Processes
stat.ML
Driven by the need for parallelizable hyperparameter optimization methods, this paper studies \emph{open loop} search methods: sequences that are predetermined and can be generated before a single configuration is evaluated. Examples include grid search, uniform random search, low discrepancy sequences, and other sampl...
computer science
6,784
Embedding Feature Selection for Large-scale Hierarchical Classification
cs.LG
Large-scale Hierarchical Classification (HC) involves datasets consisting of thousands of classes and millions of training instances with high-dimensional features posing several big data challenges. Feature selection that aims to select the subset of discriminant features is an effective strategy to deal with large-sc...
computer science
6,785
Classifying Documents within Multiple Hierarchical Datasets using Multi-Task Learning
cs.LG
Multi-task learning (MTL) is a supervised learning paradigm in which the prediction models for several related tasks are learned jointly to achieve better generalization performance. When there are only a few training examples per task, MTL considerably outperforms the traditional Single task learning (STL) in terms of...
computer science
6,786
Robust Online Multi-Task Learning with Correlative and Personalized Structures
cs.LG
Multi-Task Learning (MTL) can enhance a classifier's generalization performance by learning multiple related tasks simultaneously. Conventional MTL works under the offline or batch setting, and suffers from expensive training cost and poor scalability. To address such inefficiency issues, online learning techniques hav...
computer science
6,787
Deep Learning: Generalization Requires Deep Compositional Feature Space Design
cs.LG
Generalization error defines the discriminability and the representation power of a deep model. In this work, we claim that feature space design using deep compositional function plays a significant role in generalization along with explicit and implicit regularizations. Our claims are being established with several im...
computer science
6,788
Efficient Reinforcement Learning via Initial Pure Exploration
cs.LG
In several realistic situations, an interactive learning agent can practice and refine its strategy before going on to be evaluated. For instance, consider a student preparing for a series of tests. She would typically take a few practice tests to know which areas she needs to improve upon. Based of the scores she obta...
computer science
6,789
Fast Black-box Variational Inference through Stochastic Trust-Region Optimization
cs.LG
We introduce TrustVI, a fast second-order algorithm for black-box variational inference based on trust-region optimization and the reparameterization trick. At each iteration, TrustVI proposes and assesses a step based on minibatches of draws from the variational distribution. The algorithm provably converges to a stat...
computer science
6,790
On learning the structure of Bayesian Networks and submodular function maximization
cs.LG
Learning the structure of dependencies among multiple random variables is a problem of considerable theoretical and practical interest. In practice, score optimisation with multiple restarts provides a practical and surprisingly successful solution, yet the conditions under which this may be a well founded strategy are...
computer science
6,791
A Convex Framework for Fair Regression
cs.LG
We introduce a flexible family of fairness regularizers for (linear and logistic) regression problems. These regularizers all enjoy convexity, permitting fast optimization, and they span the rang from notions of group fairness to strong individual fairness. By varying the weight on the fairness regularizer, we can comp...
computer science
6,792
Distribution-Free One-Pass Learning
cs.LG
In many large-scale machine learning applications, data are accumulated with time, and thus, an appropriate model should be able to update in an online paradigm. Moreover, as the whole data volume is unknown when constructing the model, it is desired to scan each data item only once with a storage independent with the ...
computer science
6,793
Forward Thinking: Building and Training Neural Networks One Layer at a Time
stat.ML
We present a general framework for training deep neural networks without backpropagation. This substantially decreases training time and also allows for construction of deep networks with many sorts of learners, including networks whose layers are defined by functions that are not easily differentiated, like decision t...
computer science
6,794
Self-Normalizing Neural Networks
cs.LG
Deep Learning has revolutionized vision via convolutional neural networks (CNNs) and natural language processing via recurrent neural networks (RNNs). However, success stories of Deep Learning with standard feed-forward neural networks (FNNs) are rare. FNNs that perform well are typically shallow and, therefore cannot ...
computer science
6,795
Scaling up the Automatic Statistician: Scalable Structure Discovery using Gaussian Processes
stat.ML
Automating statistical modelling is a challenging problem in artificial intelligence. The Automatic Statistician takes a first step in this direction, by employing a kernel search algorithm with Gaussian Processes (GP) to provide interpretable statistical models for regression problems. However this does not scale due ...
computer science
6,796
Clustering with t-SNE, provably
cs.LG
t-distributed Stochastic Neighborhood Embedding (t-SNE), a clustering and visualization method proposed by van der Maaten & Hinton in 2008, has rapidly become a standard tool in a number of natural sciences. Despite its overwhelming success, there is a distinct lack of mathematical foundations and the inner workings of...
computer science
6,797
Real-valued (Medical) Time Series Generation with Recurrent Conditional GANs
stat.ML
Generative Adversarial Networks (GANs) have shown remarkable success as a framework for training models to produce realistic-looking data. In this work, we propose a Recurrent GAN (RGAN) and Recurrent Conditional GAN (RCGAN) to produce realistic real-valued multi-dimensional time series, with an emphasis on their appli...
computer science
6,798
Nuclear Discrepancy for Active Learning
cs.LG
Active learning algorithms propose which unlabeled objects should be queried for their labels to improve a predictive model the most. We study active learners that minimize generalization bounds and uncover relationships between these bounds that lead to an improved approach to active learning. In particular we show th...
computer science
6,799
Enhancing The Reliability of Out-of-distribution Image Detection in Neural Networks
cs.LG
We consider the problem of detecting out-of-distribution images in neural networks. We propose ODIN, a simple and effective method that does not require any change to a pre-trained neural network. Our method is based on the observation that using temperature scaling and adding small perturbations to the input can separ...
computer science