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6,600
On Bayesian Exponentially Embedded Family for Model Order Selection
stat.ML
In this paper, we derive a Bayesian model order selection rule by using the exponentially embedded family method, termed Bayesian EEF. Unlike many other Bayesian model selection methods, the Bayesian EEF can use vague proper priors and improper noninformative priors to be objective in the elicitation of parameter prior...
computer science
6,601
Diving into the shallows: a computational perspective on large-scale shallow learning
stat.ML
In this paper we first identify a basic limitation in gradient descent-based optimization methods when used in conjunctions with smooth kernels. An analysis based on the spectral properties of the kernel demonstrates that only a vanishingly small portion of the function space is reachable after a polynomial number of g...
computer science
6,602
BEGAN: Boundary Equilibrium Generative Adversarial Networks
cs.LG
We propose a new equilibrium enforcing method paired with a loss derived from the Wasserstein distance for training auto-encoder based Generative Adversarial Networks. This method balances the generator and discriminator during training. Additionally, it provides a new approximate convergence measure, fast and stable t...
computer science
6,603
Spectral Methods for Nonparametric Models
cs.LG
Nonparametric models are versatile, albeit computationally expensive, tool for modeling mixture models. In this paper, we introduce spectral methods for the two most popular nonparametric models: the Indian Buffet Process (IBP) and the Hierarchical Dirichlet Process (HDP). We show that using spectral methods for the in...
computer science
6,604
Improved Training of Wasserstein GANs
cs.LG
Generative Adversarial Networks (GANs) are powerful generative models, but suffer from training instability. The recently proposed Wasserstein GAN (WGAN) makes progress toward stable training of GANs, but sometimes can still generate only low-quality samples or fail to converge. We find that these problems are often du...
computer science
6,605
A New Measure of Conditional Dependence
stat.ML
Measuring conditional dependencies among the variables of a network is of great interest to many disciplines. This paper studies some shortcomings of the existing dependency measures in detecting direct causal influences or their lack of ability for group selection to capture strong dependencies and accordingly introdu...
computer science
6,606
Geometric Insights into Support Vector Machine Behavior using the KKT Conditions
stat.ML
The Support Vector Machine (SVM) is a powerful and widely used classification algorithm. Its performance is well known to be impacted by a tuning parameter which is frequently selected by cross-validation. This paper uses the Karush-Kuhn-Tucker conditions to provide rigorous mathematical proof for new insights into the...
computer science
6,607
A comparative study of counterfactual estimators
stat.ML
We provide a comparative study of several widely used off-policy estimators (Empirical Average, Basic Importance Sampling and Normalized Importance Sampling), detailing the different regimes where they are individually suboptimal. We then exhibit properties optimal estimators should possess. In the case where examples ...
computer science
6,608
Time Series Cluster Kernel for Learning Similarities between Multivariate Time Series with Missing Data
stat.ML
Similarity-based approaches represent a promising direction for time series analysis. However, many such methods rely on parameter tuning, and some have shortcomings if the time series are multivariate (MTS), due to dependencies between attributes, or the time series contain missing data. In this paper, we address thes...
computer science
6,609
Linear Additive Markov Processes
cs.LG
We introduce LAMP: the Linear Additive Markov Process. Transitions in LAMP may be influenced by states visited in the distant history of the process, but unlike higher-order Markov processes, LAMP retains an efficient parametrization. LAMP also allows the specific dependence on history to be learned efficiently from da...
computer science
6,610
AMIDST: a Java Toolbox for Scalable Probabilistic Machine Learning
cs.LG
The AMIDST Toolbox is a software for scalable probabilistic machine learning with a spe- cial focus on (massive) streaming data. The toolbox supports a flexible modeling language based on probabilistic graphical models with latent variables and temporal dependencies. The specified models can be learnt from large data s...
computer science
6,611
Bag-of-Words Method Applied to Accelerometer Measurements for the Purpose of Classification and Energy Estimation
cs.LG
Accelerometer measurements are the prime type of sensor information most think of when seeking to measure physical activity. On the market, there are many fitness measuring devices which aim to track calories burned and steps counted through the use of accelerometers. These measurements, though good enough for the aver...
computer science
6,612
Learning Combinatorial Optimization Algorithms over Graphs
cs.LG
The design of good heuristics or approximation algorithms for NP-hard combinatorial optimization problems often requires significant specialized knowledge and trial-and-error. Can we automate this challenging, tedious process, and learn the algorithms instead? In many real-world applications, it is typically the case t...
computer science
6,613
Learning Certifiably Optimal Rule Lists for Categorical Data
stat.ML
We present the design and implementation of a custom discrete optimization technique for building rule lists over a categorical feature space. Our algorithm produces rule lists with optimal training performance, according to the regularized empirical risk, with a certificate of optimality. By leveraging algorithmic bou...
computer science
6,614
An Online Hierarchical Algorithm for Extreme Clustering
cs.LG
Many modern clustering methods scale well to a large number of data items, N, but not to a large number of clusters, K. This paper introduces PERCH, a new non-greedy algorithm for online hierarchical clustering that scales to both massive N and K--a problem setting we term extreme clustering. Our algorithm efficiently ...
computer science
6,615
On the Statistical Efficiency of Compositional Nonparametric Prediction
stat.ML
In this paper, we propose a compositional nonparametric method in which a model is expressed as a labeled binary tree of $2k+1$ nodes, where each node is either a summation, a multiplication, or the application of one of the $q$ basis functions to one of the $p$ covariates. We show that in order to recover a labeled bi...
computer science
6,616
Training Triplet Networks with GAN
cs.LG
Triplet networks are widely used models that are characterized by good performance in classification and retrieval tasks. In this work we propose to train a triplet network by putting it as the discriminator in Generative Adversarial Nets (GANs). We make use of the good capability of representation learning of the disc...
computer science
6,617
Rapid Mixing Swendsen-Wang Sampler for Stochastic Partitioned Attractive Models
cs.LG
The Gibbs sampler is a particularly popular Markov chain used for learning and inference problems in Graphical Models (GMs). These tasks are computationally intractable in general, and the Gibbs sampler often suffers from slow mixing. In this paper, we study the Swendsen-Wang dynamics which is a more sophisticated Mark...
computer science
6,618
Fast Spectral Clustering Using Autoencoders and Landmarks
cs.LG
In this paper, we introduce an algorithm for performing spectral clustering efficiently. Spectral clustering is a powerful clustering algorithm that suffers from high computational complexity, due to eigen decomposition. In this work, we first build the adjacency matrix of the corresponding graph of the dataset. To bui...
computer science
6,619
Joint Probabilistic Linear Discriminant Analysis
cs.LG
Standard probabilistic linear discriminant analysis (PLDA) for speaker recognition assumes that the sample's features (usually, i-vectors) are given by a sum of three terms: a term that depends on the speaker identity, a term that models the within-speaker variability and is assumed independent across samples, and a fi...
computer science
6,620
Bayesian Recurrent Neural Networks
cs.LG
In this work we explore a straightforward variational Bayes scheme for Recurrent Neural Networks. Firstly, we show that a simple adaptation of truncated backpropagation through time can yield good quality uncertainty estimates and superior regularisation at only a small extra computational cost during training, also re...
computer science
6,621
A Dual-Stage Attention-Based Recurrent Neural Network for Time Series Prediction
cs.LG
The Nonlinear autoregressive exogenous (NARX) model, which predicts the current value of a time series based upon its previous values as well as the current and past values of multiple driving (exogenous) series, has been studied for decades. Despite the fact that various NARX models have been developed, few of them ca...
computer science
6,622
Federated Tensor Factorization for Computational Phenotyping
cs.LG
Tensor factorization models offer an effective approach to convert massive electronic health records into meaningful clinical concepts (phenotypes) for data analysis. These models need a large amount of diverse samples to avoid population bias. An open challenge is how to derive phenotypes jointly across multiple hospi...
computer science
6,623
Parametric Gaussian Process Regression for Big Data
stat.ML
This work introduces the concept of parametric Gaussian processes (PGPs), which is built upon the seemingly self-contradictory idea of making Gaussian processes parametric. Parametric Gaussian processes, by construction, are designed to operate in "big data" regimes where one is interested in quantifying the uncertaint...
computer science
6,624
MAGAN: Margin Adaptation for Generative Adversarial Networks
cs.LG
We propose the Margin Adaptation for Generative Adversarial Networks (MAGANs) algorithm, a novel training procedure for GANs to improve stability and performance by using an adaptive hinge loss function. We estimate the appropriate hinge loss margin with the expected energy of the target distribution, and derive princi...
computer science
6,625
Determining Song Similarity via Machine Learning Techniques and Tagging Information
cs.LG
The task of determining item similarity is a crucial one in a recommender system. This constitutes the base upon which the recommender system will work to determine which items are more likely to be enjoyed by a user, resulting in more user engagement. In this paper we tackle the problem of determining song similarity ...
computer science
6,626
Virtual Adversarial Training: a Regularization Method for Supervised and Semi-supervised Learning
stat.ML
We propose a new regularization method based on virtual adversarial loss: a new measure of local smoothness of the output distribution. Virtual adversarial loss is defined as the robustness of the model's posterior distribution against local perturbation around each input data point. Our method is similar to adversaria...
computer science
6,627
Stochastic Gradient Descent as Approximate Bayesian Inference
stat.ML
Stochastic Gradient Descent with a constant learning rate (constant SGD) simulates a Markov chain with a stationary distribution. With this perspective, we derive several new results. (1) We show that constant SGD can be used as an approximate Bayesian posterior inference algorithm. Specifically, we show how to adjust ...
computer science
6,628
Asynchronous Parallel Empirical Variance Guided Algorithms for the Thresholding Bandit Problem
stat.ML
This paper considers the multi-armed thresholding bandit problem -- identifying all arms whose expected rewards are above a predefined threshold via as few pulls (or rounds) as possible -- proposed by Locatelli et al. [2016] recently. Although the proposed algorithm in Locatelli et al. [2016] achieves the optimal round...
computer science
6,629
Machine Learning and the Future of Realism
stat.ML
The preceding three decades have seen the emergence, rise, and proliferation of machine learning (ML). From half-recognised beginnings in perceptrons, neural nets, and decision trees, algorithms that extract correlations (that is, patterns) from a set of data points have broken free from their origin in computational c...
computer science
6,630
Random Walk Sampling for Big Data over Networks
stat.ML
It has been shown recently that graph signals with small total variation can be accurately recovered from only few samples if the sampling set satisfies a certain condition, referred to as the network nullspace property. Based on this recovery condition, we propose a sampling strategy for smooth graph signals based on ...
computer science
6,631
Bayesian Hybrid Matrix Factorisation for Data Integration
stat.ML
We introduce a novel Bayesian hybrid matrix factorisation model (HMF) for data integration, based on combining multiple matrix factorisation methods, that can be used for in- and out-of-matrix prediction of missing values. The model is very general and can be used to integrate many datasets across different entity type...
computer science
6,632
Multimodal Prediction and Personalization of Photo Edits with Deep Generative Models
stat.ML
Professional-grade software applications are powerful but complicated$-$expert users can achieve impressive results, but novices often struggle to complete even basic tasks. Photo editing is a prime example: after loading a photo, the user is confronted with an array of cryptic sliders like "clarity", "temp", and "high...
computer science
6,633
Fast multi-output relevance vector regression
cs.LG
This paper aims to decrease the time complexity of multi-output relevance vector regression from O(VM^3) to O(V^3+M^3), where V is the number of output dimensions, M is the number of basis functions, and V<M. The experimental results demonstrate that the proposed method is more competitive than the existing method, wit...
computer science
6,634
O$^2$TD: (Near)-Optimal Off-Policy TD Learning
cs.LG
Temporal difference learning and Residual Gradient methods are the most widely used temporal difference based learning algorithms; however, it has been shown that none of their objective functions is optimal w.r.t approximating the true value function $V$. Two novel algorithms are proposed to approximate the true value...
computer science
6,635
Learning Piece-wise Linear Models from Large Scale Data for Ad Click Prediction
stat.ML
CTR prediction in real-world business is a difficult machine learning problem with large scale nonlinear sparse data. In this paper, we introduce an industrial strength solution with model named Large Scale Piece-wise Linear Model (LS-PLM). We formulate the learning problem with $L_1$ and $L_{2,1}$ regularizers, leadin...
computer science
6,636
Large-Scale Online Semantic Indexing of Biomedical Articles via an Ensemble of Multi-Label Classification Models
stat.ML
Background: In this paper we present the approaches and methods employed in order to deal with a large scale multi-label semantic indexing task of biomedical papers. This work was mainly implemented within the context of the BioASQ challenge of 2014. Methods: The main contribution of this work is a multi-label ensemble...
computer science
6,637
SAFS: A Deep Feature Selection Approach for Precision Medicine
cs.LG
In this paper, we propose a new deep feature selection method based on deep architecture. Our method uses stacked auto-encoders for feature representation in higher-level abstraction. We developed and applied a novel feature learning approach to a specific precision medicine problem, which focuses on assessing and prio...
computer science
6,638
Every Untrue Label is Untrue in its Own Way: Controlling Error Type with the Log Bilinear Loss
cs.LG
Deep learning has become the method of choice in many application domains of machine learning in recent years, especially for multi-class classification tasks. The most common loss function used in this context is the cross-entropy loss, which reduces to the log loss in the typical case when there is a single correct r...
computer science
6,639
Dynamic Graph Convolutional Networks
cs.LG
Many different classification tasks need to manage structured data, which are usually modeled as graphs. Moreover, these graphs can be dynamic, meaning that the vertices/edges of each graph may change during time. Our goal is to jointly exploit structured data and temporal information through the use of a neural networ...
computer science
6,640
Robust Wirtinger Flow for Phase Retrieval with Arbitrary Corruption
stat.ML
We consider the robust phase retrieval problem of recovering the unknown signal from the magnitude-only measurements, where the measurements can be contaminated by both sparse arbitrary corruption and bounded random noise. We propose a new nonconvex algorithm for robust phase retrieval, namely Robust Wirtinger Flow to ...
computer science
6,641
Learned D-AMP: Principled Neural Network based Compressive Image Recovery
stat.ML
Compressive image recovery is a challenging problem that requires fast and accurate algorithms. Recently, neural networks have been applied to this problem with promising results. By exploiting massively parallel GPU processing architectures and oodles of training data, they can run orders of magnitude faster than exis...
computer science
6,642
Feature selection algorithm based on Catastrophe model to improve the performance of regression analysis
cs.LG
In this paper we introduce a new feature selection algorithm to remove the irrelevant or redundant features in the data sets. In this algorithm the importance of a feature is based on its fitting to the Catastrophe model. Akaike information crite- rion value is used for ranking the features in the data set. The propose...
computer science
6,643
A Neural Network model with Bidirectional Whitening
stat.ML
We present here a new model and algorithm which performs an efficient Natural gradient descent for Multilayer Perceptrons. Natural gradient descent was originally proposed from a point of view of information geometry, and it performs the steepest descent updates on manifolds in a Riemannian space. In particular, we ext...
computer science
6,644
Learning from Comparisons and Choices
stat.ML
When tracking user-specific online activities, each user's preference is revealed in the form of choices and comparisons. For example, a user's purchase history tracks her choices, i.e. which item was chosen among a subset of offerings. A user's comparisons are observed either explicitly as in movie ratings or implicit...
computer science
6,645
A Riemannian approach for structured low-rank matrix learning
stat.ML
We consider the problem of learning a low-rank matrix, constrained to lie in a linear subspace, and introduce a novel factorization for modeling such matrices. A salient feature of the proposed factorization scheme is it decouples the low-rank and the structural constraints onto separate factors. We formulate the optim...
computer science
6,646
Active Bias: Training More Accurate Neural Networks by Emphasizing High Variance Samples
stat.ML
Self-paced learning and hard example mining re-weight training instances to improve learning accuracy. This paper presents two improved alternatives based on lightweight estimates of sample uncertainty in stochastic gradient descent (SGD): the variance in predicted probability of the correct class across iterations of ...
computer science
6,647
Bootstrapping Graph Convolutional Neural Networks for Autism Spectrum Disorder Classification
stat.ML
Using predictive models to identify patterns that can act as biomarkers for different neuropathoglogical conditions is becoming highly prevalent. In this paper, we consider the problem of Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) classification. While non-invasive imaging measurements, such as the rest state fMRI, are typically u...
computer science
6,648
Dynamic Model Selection for Prediction Under a Budget
stat.ML
We present a dynamic model selection approach for resource-constrained prediction. Given an input instance at test-time, a gating function identifies a prediction model for the input among a collection of models. Our objective is to minimize overall average cost without sacrificing accuracy. We learn gating and predict...
computer science
6,649
Deep Over-sampling Framework for Classifying Imbalanced Data
cs.LG
Class imbalance is a challenging issue in practical classification problems for deep learning models as well as traditional models. Traditionally successful countermeasures such as synthetic over-sampling have had limited success with complex, structured data handled by deep learning models. In this paper, we propose D...
computer science
6,650
Stochastic Optimization from Distributed, Streaming Data in Rate-limited Networks
stat.ML
Motivated by machine learning applications in networks of sensors, internet-of-things (IoT) devices, and autonomous agents, we propose techniques for distributed stochastic convex learning from high-rate data streams. The setup involves a network of nodes---each one of which has a stream of data arriving at a constant ...
computer science
6,651
Reward Maximization Under Uncertainty: Leveraging Side-Observations on Networks
cs.LG
We study the stochastic multi-armed bandit (MAB) problem in the presence of side-observations across actions that occur as a result of an underlying network structure. In our model, a bipartite graph captures the relationship between actions and a common set of unknowns such that choosing an action reveals observations...
computer science
6,652
Training L1-Regularized Models with Orthant-Wise Passive Descent Algorithms
cs.LG
The $L_1$-regularized models are widely used for sparse regression or classification tasks. In this paper, we propose the orthant-wise passive descent algorithm (OPDA) for optimizing $L_1$-regularized models, as an improved substitute of proximal algorithms, which are the standard tools for optimizing the models nowada...
computer science
6,653
Exploiting random projections and sparsity with random forests and gradient boosting methods -- Application to multi-label and multi-output learning, random forest model compression and leveraging input sparsity
stat.ML
Within machine learning, the supervised learning field aims at modeling the input-output relationship of a system, from past observations of its behavior. Decision trees characterize the input-output relationship through a series of nested $if-then-else$ questions, the testing nodes, leading to a set of predictions, th...
computer science
6,654
Pruning variable selection ensembles
stat.ML
In the context of variable selection, ensemble learning has gained increasing interest due to its great potential to improve selection accuracy and to reduce false discovery rate. A novel ordering-based selective ensemble learning strategy is designed in this paper to obtain smaller but more accurate ensembles. In part...
computer science
6,655
Limits of End-to-End Learning
cs.LG
End-to-end learning refers to training a possibly complex learning system by applying gradient-based learning to the system as a whole. End-to-end learning system is specifically designed so that all modules are differentiable. In effect, not only a central learning machine, but also all "peripheral" modules like repre...
computer science
6,656
Identifying Similarities in Epileptic Patients for Drug Resistance Prediction
cs.LG
Currently, approximately 30% of epileptic patients treated with antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) remain resistant to treatment (known as refractory patients). This project seeks to understand the underlying similarities in refractory patients vs. other epileptic patients, identify features contributing to drug resistance acr...
computer science
6,657
Large-scale Feature Selection of Risk Genetic Factors for Alzheimer's Disease via Distributed Group Lasso Regression
cs.LG
Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have achieved great success in the genetic study of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Collaborative imaging genetics studies across different research institutions show the effectiveness of detecting genetic risk factors. However, the high dimensionality of GWAS data poses significant cha...
computer science
6,658
A Siamese Deep Forest
stat.ML
A Siamese Deep Forest (SDF) is proposed in the paper. It is based on the Deep Forest or gcForest proposed by Zhou and Feng and can be viewed as a gcForest modification. It can be also regarded as an alternative to the well-known Siamese neural networks. The SDF uses a modified training set consisting of concatenated pa...
computer science
6,659
Learning Quadratic Variance Function (QVF) DAG models via OverDispersion Scoring (ODS)
stat.ML
Learning DAG or Bayesian network models is an important problem in multi-variate causal inference. However, a number of challenges arises in learning large-scale DAG models including model identifiability and computational complexity since the space of directed graphs is huge. In this paper, we address these issues in ...
computer science
6,660
DeepArchitect: Automatically Designing and Training Deep Architectures
stat.ML
In deep learning, performance is strongly affected by the choice of architecture and hyperparameters. While there has been extensive work on automatic hyperparameter optimization for simple spaces, complex spaces such as the space of deep architectures remain largely unexplored. As a result, the choice of architecture ...
computer science
6,661
Adaptation and learning over networks for nonlinear system modeling
stat.ML
In this chapter, we analyze nonlinear filtering problems in distributed environments, e.g., sensor networks or peer-to-peer protocols. In these scenarios, the agents in the environment receive measurements in a streaming fashion, and they are required to estimate a common (nonlinear) model by alternating local computat...
computer science
6,662
Mostly Exploration-Free Algorithms for Contextual Bandits
stat.ML
The contextual bandit literature has traditionally focused on algorithms that address the exploration-exploitation tradeoff. In particular, greedy algorithms that exploit current estimates without any exploration may be sub-optimal in general. However, exploration-free greedy algorithms are desirable in practical setti...
computer science
6,663
Scaling Active Search using Linear Similarity Functions
stat.ML
Active Search has become an increasingly useful tool in information retrieval problems where the goal is to discover as many target elements as possible using only limited label queries. With the advent of big data, there is a growing emphasis on the scalability of such techniques to handle very large and very complex ...
computer science
6,664
Targeted matrix completion
cs.LG
Matrix completion is a problem that arises in many data-analysis settings where the input consists of a partially-observed matrix (e.g., recommender systems, traffic matrix analysis etc.). Classical approaches to matrix completion assume that the input partially-observed matrix is low rank. The success of these methods...
computer science
6,665
Learning Multimodal Transition Dynamics for Model-Based Reinforcement Learning
stat.ML
In this paper we study how to learn stochastic, multimodal transition dynamics in reinforcement learning (RL) tasks. We focus on evaluating transition function estimation, while we defer planning over this model to future work. Stochasticity is a fundamental property of many task environments. However, discriminative f...
computer science
6,666
Determinantal Point Processes for Mini-Batch Diversification
cs.LG
We study a mini-batch diversification scheme for stochastic gradient descent (SGD). While classical SGD relies on uniformly sampling data points to form a mini-batch, we propose a non-uniform sampling scheme based on the Determinantal Point Process (DPP). The DPP relies on a similarity measure between data points and g...
computer science
6,667
Convex-constrained Sparse Additive Modeling and Its Extensions
cs.LG
Sparse additive modeling is a class of effective methods for performing high-dimensional nonparametric regression. In this work we show how shape constraints such as convexity/concavity and their extensions, can be integrated into additive models. The proposed sparse difference of convex additive models (SDCAM) can est...
computer science
6,668
Regularizing Model Complexity and Label Structure for Multi-Label Text Classification
stat.ML
Multi-label text classification is a popular machine learning task where each document is assigned with multiple relevant labels. This task is challenging due to high dimensional features and correlated labels. Multi-label text classifiers need to be carefully regularized to prevent the severe over-fitting in the high ...
computer science
6,669
One-Class Semi-Supervised Learning: Detecting Linearly Separable Class by its Mean
stat.ML
In this paper, we presented a novel semi-supervised one-class classification algorithm which assumes that class is linearly separable from other elements. We proved theoretically that class is linearly separable if and only if it is maximal by probability within the sets with the same mean. Furthermore, we presented an...
computer science
6,670
Deep Learning for Tumor Classification in Imaging Mass Spectrometry
stat.ML
Motivation: Tumor classification using Imaging Mass Spectrometry (IMS) data has a high potential for future applications in pathology. Due to the complexity and size of the data, automated feature extraction and classification steps are required to fully process the data. Deep learning offers an approach to learn featu...
computer science
6,671
Summarized Network Behavior Prediction
cs.LG
This work studies the entity-wise topical behavior from massive network logs. Both the temporal and the spatial relationships of the behavior are explored with the learning architectures combing the recurrent neural network (RNN) and the convolutional neural network (CNN). To make the behavioral data appropriate for th...
computer science
6,672
Efficient Spatio-Temporal Gaussian Regression via Kalman Filtering
cs.LG
In this work we study the non-parametric reconstruction of spatio-temporal dynamical Gaussian processes (GPs) via GP regression from sparse and noisy data. GPs have been mainly applied to spatial regression where they represent one of the most powerful estimation approaches also thanks to their universal representing p...
computer science
6,673
Semi-supervised cross-entropy clustering with information bottleneck constraint
cs.LG
In this paper, we propose a semi-supervised clustering method, CEC-IB, that models data with a set of Gaussian distributions and that retrieves clusters based on a partial labeling provided by the user (partition-level side information). By combining the ideas from cross-entropy clustering (CEC) with those from the inf...
computer science
6,674
Semi-Supervised AUC Optimization based on Positive-Unlabeled Learning
stat.ML
Maximizing the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) is a standard approach to imbalanced classification. So far, various supervised AUC optimization methods have been developed and they are also extended to semi-supervised scenarios to cope with small sample problems. However, existing semi-supe...
computer science
6,675
Semi-supervised model-based clustering with controlled clusters leakage
cs.LG
In this paper, we focus on finding clusters in partially categorized data sets. We propose a semi-supervised version of Gaussian mixture model, called C3L, which retrieves natural subgroups of given categories. In contrast to other semi-supervised models, C3L is parametrized by user-defined leakage level, which control...
computer science
6,676
Learning with Confident Examples: Rank Pruning for Robust Classification with Noisy Labels
stat.ML
Noisy PN learning is the problem of binary classification when training examples may be mislabeled (flipped) uniformly with noise rate rho1 for positive examples and rho0 for negative examples. We propose Rank Pruning (RP) to solve noisy PN learning and the open problem of estimating the noise rates, i.e. the fraction ...
computer science
6,677
KATE: K-Competitive Autoencoder for Text
stat.ML
Autoencoders have been successful in learning meaningful representations from image datasets. However, their performance on text datasets has not been widely studied. Traditional autoencoders tend to learn possibly trivial representations of text documents due to their confounding properties such as high-dimensionality...
computer science
6,678
Matrix Completion via Factorizing Polynomials
stat.ML
Predicting unobserved entries of a partially observed matrix has found wide applicability in several areas, such as recommender systems, computational biology, and computer vision. Many scalable methods with rigorous theoretical guarantees have been developed for algorithms where the matrix is factored into low-rank co...
computer science
6,679
A comprehensive study of batch construction strategies for recurrent neural networks in MXNet
cs.LG
In this work we compare different batch construction methods for mini-batch training of recurrent neural networks. While popular implementations like TensorFlow and MXNet suggest a bucketing approach to improve the parallelization capabilities of the recurrent training process, we propose a simple ordering strategy tha...
computer science
6,680
Face Super-Resolution Through Wasserstein GANs
cs.LG
Generative adversarial networks (GANs) have received a tremendous amount of attention in the past few years, and have inspired applications addressing a wide range of problems. Despite its great potential, GANs are difficult to train. Recently, a series of papers (Arjovsky & Bottou, 2017a; Arjovsky et al. 2017b; and Gu...
computer science
6,681
MIDA: Multiple Imputation using Denoising Autoencoders
cs.LG
Missing data is a significant problem impacting all domains. State-of-the-art framework for minimizing missing data bias is multiple imputation, for which the choice of an imputation model remains nontrivial. We propose a multiple imputation model based on overcomplete deep denoising autoencoders. Our proposed model is...
computer science
6,682
Non-negative Matrix Factorization via Archetypal Analysis
stat.ML
Given a collection of data points, non-negative matrix factorization (NMF) suggests to express them as convex combinations of a small set of `archetypes' with non-negative entries. This decomposition is unique only if the true archetypes are non-negative and sufficiently sparse (or the weights are sufficiently sparse),...
computer science
6,683
Generative Adversarial Trainer: Defense to Adversarial Perturbations with GAN
cs.LG
We propose a novel technique to make neural network robust to adversarial examples using a generative adversarial network. We alternately train both classifier and generator networks. The generator network generates an adversarial perturbation that can easily fool the classifier network by using a gradient of each imag...
computer science
6,684
Comments on the proof of adaptive submodular function minimization
stat.ML
We point out an issue with Theorem 5 appearing in "Group-based active query selection for rapid diagnosis in time-critical situations". Theorem 5 bounds the expected number of queries for a greedy algorithm to identify the class of an item within a constant factor of optimal. The Theorem is based on correctness of a re...
computer science
6,685
Fast Stochastic Variance Reduced ADMM for Stochastic Composition Optimization
cs.LG
We consider the stochastic composition optimization problem proposed in \cite{wang2017stochastic}, which has applications ranging from estimation to statistical and machine learning. We propose the first ADMM-based algorithm named com-SVR-ADMM, and show that com-SVR-ADMM converges linearly for strongly convex and Lipsc...
computer science
6,686
Bayesian Approaches to Distribution Regression
stat.ML
Distribution regression has recently attracted much interest as a generic solution to the problem of supervised learning where labels are available at the group level, rather than at the individual level. Current approaches, however, do not propagate the uncertainty in observations due to sampling variability in the gr...
computer science
6,687
The Network Nullspace Property for Compressed Sensing of Big Data over Networks
stat.ML
We present a novel condition, which we term the net- work nullspace property, which ensures accurate recovery of graph signals representing massive network-structured datasets from few signal values. The network nullspace property couples the cluster structure of the underlying network-structure with the geometry of th...
computer science
6,688
Detecting Statistical Interactions from Neural Network Weights
stat.ML
Interpreting neural networks is a crucial and challenging task in machine learning. In this paper, we develop a novel framework for detecting statistical interactions captured by a feedforward multilayer neural network by directly interpreting its learned weights. Depending on the desired interactions, our method can a...
computer science
6,689
Active Learning for Graph Embedding
cs.LG
Graph embedding provides an efficient solution for graph analysis by converting the graph into a low-dimensional space which preserves the structure information. In contrast to the graph structure data, the i.i.d. node embedding can be processed efficiently in terms of both time and space. Current semi-supervised graph...
computer science
6,690
Bandit Regret Scaling with the Effective Loss Range
cs.LG
We study how the regret guarantees of nonstochastic multi-armed bandits can be improved, if the effective range of the losses in each round is small (e.g. the maximal difference between two losses in a given round). Despite a recent impossibility result, we show how this can be made possible under certain mild addition...
computer science
6,691
Learning Convex Regularizers for Optimal Bayesian Denoising
cs.LG
We propose a data-driven algorithm for the maximum a posteriori (MAP) estimation of stochastic processes from noisy observations. The primary statistical properties of the sought signal is specified by the penalty function (i.e., negative logarithm of the prior probability density function). Our alternating direction m...
computer science
6,692
Learning how to explain neural networks: PatternNet and PatternAttribution
stat.ML
DeConvNet, Guided BackProp, LRP, were invented to better understand deep neural networks. We show that these methods do not produce the theoretically correct explanation for a linear model. Yet they are used on multi-layer networks with millions of parameters. This is a cause for concern since linear models are simple ...
computer science
6,693
To tune or not to tune the number of trees in random forest?
stat.ML
The number of trees T in the random forest (RF) algorithm for supervised learning has to be set by the user. It is controversial whether T should simply be set to the largest computationally manageable value or whether a smaller T may in some cases be better. While the principle underlying bagging is that "more trees a...
computer science
6,694
Hierarchical Temporal Representation in Linear Reservoir Computing
cs.LG
Recently, studies on deep Reservoir Computing (RC) highlighted the role of layering in deep recurrent neural networks (RNNs). In this paper, the use of linear recurrent units allows us to bring more evidence on the intrinsic hierarchical temporal representation in deep RNNs through frequency analysis applied to the sta...
computer science
6,695
Maximum Margin Principal Components
stat.ML
Principal Component Analysis (PCA) is a very successful dimensionality reduction technique, widely used in predictive modeling. A key factor in its widespread use in this domain is the fact that the projection of a dataset onto its first $K$ principal components minimizes the sum of squared errors between the original ...
computer science
6,696
Sample-Efficient Algorithms for Recovering Structured Signals from Magnitude-Only Measurements
stat.ML
We consider the problem of recovering a signal $\mathbf{x}^* \in \mathbf{R}^n$, from magnitude-only measurements $y_i = |\left\langle\mathbf{a}_i,\mathbf{x}^*\right\rangle|$ for $i=[m]$. Also called the phase retrieval, this is a fundamental challenge in bio-,astronomical imaging and speech processing. The problem abov...
computer science
6,697
Delving into adversarial attacks on deep policies
stat.ML
Adversarial examples have been shown to exist for a variety of deep learning architectures. Deep reinforcement learning has shown promising results on training agent policies directly on raw inputs such as image pixels. In this paper we present a novel study into adversarial attacks on deep reinforcement learning polic...
computer science
6,698
Discovering the Graph Structure in the Clustering Results
stat.ML
In a standard cluster analysis, such as k-means, in addition to clusters locations and distances between them, it's important to know if they are connected or well separated from each other. The main focus of this paper is discovering the relations between the resulting clusters. We propose a new method which is based ...
computer science
6,699
Learning Effective Representations from Clinical Notes
stat.ML
Clinical notes are a rich source of information about patient state. However, using them effectively presents many challenges. In this work we present two methods for summarizing clinical notes into patient-level representations. The resulting representations are evaluated on a range of prediction tasks and cohort size...
computer science