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10,201
Robust Deep Reinforcement Learning with Adversarial Attacks
cs.LG
This paper proposes adversarial attacks for Reinforcement Learning (RL) and then improves the robustness of Deep Reinforcement Learning algorithms (DRL) to parameter uncertainties with the help of these attacks. We show that even a naively engineered attack successfully degrades the performance of DRL algorithm. We fur...
computer science
10,202
DeepConfig: Automating Data Center Network Topologies Management with Machine Learning
cs.NI
In recent years, many techniques have been developed to improve the performance and efficiency of data center networks. While these techniques provide high accuracy, they are often designed using heuristics that leverage domain-specific properties of the workload or hardware. In this vision paper, we argue that many ...
computer science
10,203
Sequential Prediction of Social Media Popularity with Deep Temporal Context Networks
cs.SI
Prediction of popularity has profound impact for social media, since it offers opportunities to reveal individual preference and public attention from evolutionary social systems. Previous research, although achieves promising results, neglects one distinctive characteristic of social data, i.e., sequentiality. For exa...
computer science
10,204
Parallel Complexity of Forward and Backward Propagation
cs.LG
We show that the forward and backward propagation can be formulated as a solution of lower and upper triangular systems of equations. For standard feedforward (FNNs) and recurrent neural networks (RNNs) the triangular systems are always block bi-diagonal, while for a general computation graph (directed acyclic graph) t...
computer science
10,205
Ray RLlib: A Framework for Distributed Reinforcement Learning
cs.AI
Reinforcement learning (RL) training involves the deep nesting of highly irregular computation patterns, each of which typically exhibits opportunities for distributed computation. Current RL libraries offer parallelism at the level of the entire program, coupling all algorithm components together and making existing i...
computer science
10,206
VulDeePecker: A Deep Learning-Based System for Vulnerability Detection
cs.CR
The automatic detection of software vulnerabilities is an important research problem. However, existing solutions to this problem rely on human experts to define features and often miss many vulnerabilities (i.e., incurring high false negative rate). In this paper, we initiate the study of using deep learning-based vul...
computer science
10,207
Audio Adversarial Examples: Targeted Attacks on Speech-to-Text
cs.LG
We construct targeted audio adversarial examples on automatic speech recognition. Given any audio waveform, we can produce another that is over 99.9% similar, but transcribes as any phrase we choose (at a rate of up to 50 characters per second). We apply our iterative optimization-based attack to Mozilla's implementati...
computer science
10,208
Which Training Methods for GANs do actually Converge?
cs.LG
Recent work has shown local convergence of GAN training for absolutely continuous data and generator distributions. In this paper, we show that the requirement of absolute continuity is necessary: we describe a simple yet prototypical counterexample showing that in the more realistic case of distributions that are not ...
computer science
10,209
Experience-driven Networking: A Deep Reinforcement Learning based Approach
cs.NI
Modern communication networks have become very complicated and highly dynamic, which makes them hard to model, predict and control. In this paper, we develop a novel experience-driven approach that can learn to well control a communication network from its own experience rather than an accurate mathematical model, just...
computer science
10,210
Mitigating Unwanted Biases with Adversarial Learning
cs.LG
Machine learning is a tool for building models that accurately represent input training data. When undesired biases concerning demographic groups are in the training data, well-trained models will reflect those biases. We present a framework for mitigating such biases by including a variable for the group of interest a...
computer science
10,211
Opinion Dynamics with Varying Susceptibility to Persuasion
cs.SI
A long line of work in social psychology has studied variations in people's susceptibility to persuasion -- the extent to which they are willing to modify their opinions on a topic. This body of literature suggests an interesting perspective on theoretical models of opinion formation by interacting parties in a network...
computer science
10,212
Active Neural Localization
cs.LG
Localization is the problem of estimating the location of an autonomous agent from an observation and a map of the environment. Traditional methods of localization, which filter the belief based on the observations, are sub-optimal in the number of steps required, as they do not decide the actions taken by the agent. W...
computer science
10,213
JointDNN: An Efficient Training and Inference Engine for Intelligent Mobile Cloud Computing Services
cs.DC
Deep neural networks are among the most influential architectures of deep learning algorithms, being deployed in many mobile intelligent applications. End-side services, such as intelligent personal assistants (IPAs), autonomous cars, and smart home services often employ either simple local models or complex remote mod...
computer science
10,214
Improving Active Learning in Systematic Reviews
cs.IR
Systematic reviews are essential to summarizing the results of different clinical and social science studies. The first step in a systematic review task is to identify all the studies relevant to the review. The task of identifying relevant studies for a given systematic review is usually performed manually, and as a r...
computer science
10,215
Obfuscated Gradients Give a False Sense of Security: Circumventing Defenses to Adversarial Examples
cs.LG
We identify obfuscated gradients, a kind of gradient masking, as a phenomenon that leads to a false sense of security in defenses against adversarial examples. While defenses that cause obfuscated gradients appear to defeat iterative optimization-based attacks, we find defenses relying on this effect can be circumvente...
computer science
10,216
Alleviating catastrophic forgetting using context-dependent gating and synaptic stabilization
cs.LG
Humans and most animals can learn new tasks without forgetting old ones. However, training artificial neural networks (ANNs) on new tasks typically cause it to forget previously learned tasks. This phenomenon is the result of "catastrophic forgetting", in which training an ANN disrupts connection weights that were impo...
computer science
10,217
A Survey Of Methods For Explaining Black Box Models
cs.CY
In the last years many accurate decision support systems have been constructed as black boxes, that is as systems that hide their internal logic to the user. This lack of explanation constitutes both a practical and an ethical issue. The literature reports many approaches aimed at overcoming this crucial weakness somet...
computer science
10,218
Learning a SAT Solver from Single-Bit Supervision
cs.AI
We present NeuroSAT, a message passing neural network that learns to solve SAT problems after only being trained as a classifier to predict satisfiability. Although it is not competitive with state-of-the-art SAT solvers, NeuroSAT can solve problems that are substantially larger and more difficult than it ever saw duri...
computer science
10,219
Tree-to-tree Neural Networks for Program Translation
cs.AI
Program translation is an important tool to migrate legacy code in one language into an ecosystem built in a different language. In this work, we are the first to consider employing deep neural networks toward tackling this problem. We observe that program translation is a modular procedure, in which a sub-tree of the ...
computer science
10,220
ProofWatch: Watchlist Guidance for Large Theories in E
cs.AI
Watchlist (also hint list) is a mechanism that allows related proofs to guide a proof search for a new conjecture. This mechanism has been used with the Otter and Prover9 theorem provers, both for interactive formalizations and for human-assisted proving of open conjectures in small theories. In this work we explore th...
computer science
10,221
signSGD: compressed optimisation for non-convex problems
cs.LG
Training large neural networks requires distributing learning across multiple workers, where the cost of communicating gradients can be a significant bottleneck. signSGD alleviates this problem by transmitting just the sign of each minibatch stochastic gradient. We prove that it can get the best of both worlds: compres...
computer science
10,222
TVM: End-to-End Optimization Stack for Deep Learning
cs.LG
Scalable frameworks, such as TensorFlow, MXNet, Caffe, and PyTorch drive the current popularity and utility of deep learning. However, these frameworks are optimized for a narrow range of server-class GPUs and deploying workloads to other platforms such as mobile phones, embedded devices, and specialized accelerators (...
computer science
10,223
Mean Field Multi-Agent Reinforcement Learning
cs.MA
Existing multi-agent reinforcement learning methods are limited typically to a small number of agents. When the agent number increases largely, the learning becomes intractable due to the curse of the dimensionality and the exponential growth of user interactions. In this paper, we present Mean Field Reinforcement Lear...
computer science
10,224
Optimizing Interactive Systems with Data-Driven Objectives
cs.AI
Effective optimization is essential for interactive systems to provide a satisfactory user experience. However, it is often challenging to find an objective to optimize for. Generally, such objectives are manually crafted and rarely capture complex user needs accurately. Conversely, we propose an approach that infers t...
computer science
10,225
Deep Learning for Joint Source-Channel Coding of Text
cs.IT
We consider the problem of joint source and channel coding of structured data such as natural language over a noisy channel. The typical approach to this problem in both theory and practice involves performing source coding to first compress the text and then channel coding to add robustness for the transmission across...
computer science
10,226
Neural Network Ensembles to Real-time Identification of Plug-level Appliance Measurements
cs.LG
The problem of identifying end-use electrical appliances from their individual consumption profiles, known as the appliance identification problem, is a primary stage in both Non-Intrusive Load Monitoring (NILM) and automated plug-wise metering. Therefore, appliance identification has received dedicated studies with va...
computer science
10,227
Incremental and Iterative Learning of Answer Set Programs from Mutually Distinct Examples
cs.AI
Over these years the Artificial Intelligence (AI) community has produced several datasets which have given the machine learning algorithms the opportunity to learn various skills across various domains. However, a subclass of these machine learning algorithms that aimed at learning logic programs, namely the Inductive ...
computer science
10,228
The Secret Sharer: Measuring Unintended Neural Network Memorization & Extracting Secrets
cs.LG
Machine learning models based on neural networks and deep learning are being rapidly adopted for many purposes. What those models learn, and what they may share, is a significant concern when the training data may contain secrets and the models are public -- e.g., when a model helps users compose text messages using mo...
computer science
10,229
Structured Control Nets for Deep Reinforcement Learning
cs.LG
In recent years, Deep Reinforcement Learning has made impressive advances in solving several important benchmark problems for sequential decision making. Many control applications use a generic multilayer perceptron (MLP) for non-vision parts of the policy network. In this work, we propose a new neural network architec...
computer science
10,230
Weighted Double Deep Multiagent Reinforcement Learning in Stochastic Cooperative Environments
cs.MA
Despite single agent deep reinforcement learning has achieved significant success due to the experience replay mechanism, Concerns should be reconsidered in multiagent environments. This work focus on the stochastic cooperative environment. We apply a specific adaptation to one recently proposed weighted double estimat...
computer science
10,231
An Algorithmic Framework to Control Bias in Bandit-based Personalization
cs.LG
Personalization is pervasive in the online space as it leads to higher efficiency and revenue by allowing the most relevant content to be served to each user. However, recent studies suggest that personalization methods can propagate societal or systemic biases and polarize opinions; this has led to calls for regulator...
computer science
10,232
GraphRNN: A Deep Generative Model for Graphs
cs.LG
Modeling and generating graphs is fundamental for studying networks in biology, engineering, and social sciences. However, modeling complex distributions over graphs and then efficiently sampling from these distributions is challenging due to the non-unique, high-dimensional nature of graphs and the complex, non-local ...
computer science
10,233
Kitsune: An Ensemble of Autoencoders for Online Network Intrusion Detection
cs.CR
Neural networks have become an increasingly popular solution for network intrusion detection systems (NIDS). Their capability of learning complex patterns and behaviors make them a suitable solution for differentiating between normal traffic and network attacks. However, a drawback of neural networks is the amount of r...
computer science
10,234
Multi-Goal Reinforcement Learning: Challenging Robotics Environments and Request for Research
cs.LG
The purpose of this technical report is two-fold. First of all, it introduces a suite of challenging continuous control tasks (integrated with OpenAI Gym) based on currently existing robotics hardware. The tasks include pushing, sliding and pick & place with a Fetch robotic arm as well as in-hand object manipulation wi...
computer science
10,235
Reinforcement and Imitation Learning for Diverse Visuomotor Skills
cs.RO
We propose a model-free deep reinforcement learning method that leverages a small amount of demonstration data to assist a reinforcement learning agent. We apply this approach to robotic manipulation tasks and train end-to-end visuomotor policies that map directly from RGB camera inputs to joint velocities. We demonstr...
computer science
10,236
Model-Ensemble Trust-Region Policy Optimization
cs.LG
Model-free reinforcement learning (RL) methods are succeeding in a growing number of tasks, aided by recent advances in deep learning. However, they tend to suffer from high sample complexity, which hinders their use in real-world domains. Alternatively, model-based reinforcement learning promises to reduce sample comp...
computer science
10,237
Towards Cooperation in Sequential Prisoner's Dilemmas: a Deep Multiagent Reinforcement Learning Approach
cs.AI
The Iterated Prisoner's Dilemma has guided research on social dilemmas for decades. However, it distinguishes between only two atomic actions: cooperate and defect. In real-world prisoner's dilemmas, these choices are temporally extended and different strategies may correspond to sequences of actions, reflecting grades...
computer science
10,238
On Cognitive Preferences and the Interpretability of Rule-based Models
cs.LG
It is conventional wisdom in machine learning and data mining that logical models such as rule sets are more interpretable than other models, and that among such rule-based models, simpler models are more interpretable than more complex ones. In this position paper, we question this latter assumption, and recapitulate ...
computer science
10,239
One-Class Adversarial Nets for Fraud Detection
cs.LG
Many online applications, such as online social networks or knowledge bases, are often attacked by malicious users who commit different types of actions such as vandalism on Wikipedia or fraudulent reviews on eBay. Currently, most of the fraud detection approaches require a training dataset that contains records of bot...
computer science
10,240
Accelerated Methods for Deep Reinforcement Learning
cs.LG
Deep reinforcement learning (RL) has achieved many recent successes, yet experiment turn-around time remains a key bottleneck in research and in practice. We investigate how to optimize existing deep RL algorithms for modern computers, specifically for a combination of CPUs and GPUs. We confirm that both policy gradien...
computer science
10,241
Can Autism be Catered with Artificial Intelligence-Assisted Intervention Technology? A Literature Review
cs.HC
This article presents an extensive literature review of technology based intervention methodologies for individuals facing Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD). Reviewed methodologies include: contemporary Computer Aided Systems (CAS), Computer Vision Assisted Technologies (CVAT) and Virtual Reality (VR) or Artificial Intell...
computer science
10,242
Rearrangement with Nonprehensile Manipulation Using Deep Reinforcement Learning
cs.RO
Rearranging objects on a tabletop surface by means of nonprehensile manipulation is a task which requires skillful interaction with the physical world. Usually, this is achieved by precisely modeling physical properties of the objects, robot, and the environment for explicit planning. In contrast, as explicitly modelin...
computer science
10,243
Some HCI Priorities for GDPR-Compliant Machine Learning
cs.HC
In this short paper, we consider the roles of HCI in enabling the better governance of consequential machine learning systems using the rights and obligations laid out in the recent 2016 EU General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR)---a law which involves heavy interaction with people and systems. Focussing on those are...
computer science
10,244
Snap Machine Learning
cs.LG
We describe an efficient, scalable machine learning library that enables very fast training of generalized linear models. We demonstrate that our library can remove the training time as a bottleneck for machine learning workloads, opening the door to a range of new applications. For instance, it allows more agile devel...
computer science
10,245
Optimizing Sponsored Search Ranking Strategy by Deep Reinforcement Learning
cs.IR
Sponsored search is an indispensable business model and a major revenue contributor of almost all the search engines. From the advertisers' side, participating in ranking the search results by paying for the sponsored search advertisement to attract more awareness and purchase facilitates their commercial goal. From th...
computer science
10,246
Similar Elements and Metric Labeling on Complete Graphs
cs.DS
We consider a problem that involves finding similar elements in a collection of sets. The problem is motivated by applications in machine learning and pattern recognition. We formulate the similar elements problem as an optimization and give an efficient approximation algorithm that finds a solution within a factor of ...
computer science
10,247
Learning-based Model Predictive Control for Safe Exploration and Reinforcement Learning
cs.SY
Learning-based methods have been successful in solving complex control tasks without significant prior knowledge about the system. However, these methods typically do not provide any safety guarantees, which prevents their use in safety-critical, real-world applications. In this paper, we present a learning-based model...
computer science
10,248
Bolasso: model consistent Lasso estimation through the bootstrap
cs.LG
We consider the least-square linear regression problem with regularization by the l1-norm, a problem usually referred to as the Lasso. In this paper, we present a detailed asymptotic analysis of model consistency of the Lasso. For various decays of the regularization parameter, we compute asymptotic equivalents of the ...
computer science
10,249
Predictive Hypothesis Identification
cs.LG
While statistics focusses on hypothesis testing and on estimating (properties of) the true sampling distribution, in machine learning the performance of learning algorithms on future data is the primary issue. In this paper we bridge the gap with a general principle (PHI) that identifies hypotheses with best predictive...
computer science
10,250
Practical Robust Estimators for the Imprecise Dirichlet Model
math.ST
Walley's Imprecise Dirichlet Model (IDM) for categorical i.i.d. data extends the classical Dirichlet model to a set of priors. It overcomes several fundamental problems which other approaches to uncertainty suffer from. Yet, to be useful in practice, one needs efficient ways for computing the imprecise=robust sets or i...
computer science
10,251
Online Multi-task Learning with Hard Constraints
stat.ML
We discuss multi-task online learning when a decision maker has to deal simultaneously with M tasks. The tasks are related, which is modeled by imposing that the M-tuple of actions taken by the decision maker needs to satisfy certain constraints. We give natural examples of such restrictions and then discuss a general ...
computer science
10,252
Online Learning for Matrix Factorization and Sparse Coding
stat.ML
Sparse coding--that is, modelling data vectors as sparse linear combinations of basis elements--is widely used in machine learning, neuroscience, signal processing, and statistics. This paper focuses on the large-scale matrix factorization problem that consists of learning the basis set, adapting it to specific data. V...
computer science
10,253
A Geometric Approach to Sample Compression
cs.LG
The Sample Compression Conjecture of Littlestone & Warmuth has remained unsolved for over two decades. This paper presents a systematic geometric investigation of the compression of finite maximum concept classes. Simple arrangements of hyperplanes in Hyperbolic space, and Piecewise-Linear hyperplane arrangements, are ...
computer science
10,254
Super-Linear Convergence of Dual Augmented-Lagrangian Algorithm for Sparsity Regularized Estimation
stat.ML
We analyze the convergence behaviour of a recently proposed algorithm for regularized estimation called Dual Augmented Lagrangian (DAL). Our analysis is based on a new interpretation of DAL as a proximal minimization algorithm. We theoretically show under some conditions that DAL converges super-linearly in a non-asymp...
computer science
10,255
Efficient Bayesian Learning in Social Networks with Gaussian Estimators
stat.AP
We consider a group of Bayesian agents who try to estimate a state of the world $\theta$ through interaction on a social network. Each agent $v$ initially receives a private measurement of $\theta$: a number $S_v$ picked from a Gaussian distribution with mean $\theta$ and standard deviation one. Then, in each discrete ...
computer science
10,256
Principal Component Analysis with Contaminated Data: The High Dimensional Case
stat.ML
We consider the dimensionality-reduction problem (finding a subspace approximation of observed data) for contaminated data in the high dimensional regime, where the number of observations is of the same magnitude as the number of variables of each observation, and the data set contains some (arbitrarily) corrupted obse...
computer science
10,257
Evolutionary Inference for Function-valued Traits: Gaussian Process Regression on Phylogenies
cs.LG
Biological data objects often have both of the following features: (i) they are functions rather than single numbers or vectors, and (ii) they are correlated due to phylogenetic relationships. In this paper we give a flexible statistical model for such data, by combining assumptions from phylogenetics with Gaussian pro...
computer science
10,258
Clustering processes
cs.LG
The problem of clustering is considered, for the case when each data point is a sample generated by a stationary ergodic process. We propose a very natural asymptotic notion of consistency, and show that simple consistent algorithms exist, under most general non-parametric assumptions. The notion of consistency is as f...
computer science
10,259
Optimism in Reinforcement Learning and Kullback-Leibler Divergence
cs.LG
We consider model-based reinforcement learning in finite Markov De- cision Processes (MDPs), focussing on so-called optimistic strategies. In MDPs, optimism can be implemented by carrying out extended value it- erations under a constraint of consistency with the estimated model tran- sition probabilities. The UCRL2 alg...
computer science
10,260
Large Margin Multiclass Gaussian Classification with Differential Privacy
stat.ML
As increasing amounts of sensitive personal information is aggregated into data repositories, it has become important to develop mechanisms for processing the data without revealing information about individual data instances. The differential privacy model provides a framework for the development and theoretical analy...
computer science
10,261
Clustering processes
cs.LG
The problem of clustering is considered, for the case when each data point is a sample generated by a stationary ergodic process. We propose a very natural asymptotic notion of consistency, and show that simple consistent algorithms exist, under most general non-parametric assumptions. The notion of consistency is as f...
computer science
10,262
Graph-Structured Multi-task Regression and an Efficient Optimization Method for General Fused Lasso
stat.ML
We consider the problem of learning a structured multi-task regression, where the output consists of multiple responses that are related by a graph and the correlated response variables are dependent on the common inputs in a sparse but synergistic manner. Previous methods such as l1/l2-regularized multi-task regressio...
computer science
10,263
Information theoretic model validation for clustering
cs.IT
Model selection in clustering requires (i) to specify a suitable clustering principle and (ii) to control the model order complexity by choosing an appropriate number of clusters depending on the noise level in the data. We advocate an information theoretic perspective where the uncertainty in the measurements quantize...
computer science
10,264
Calibration and Internal no-Regret with Partial Monitoring
cs.GT
Calibrated strategies can be obtained by performing strategies that have no internal regret in some auxiliary game. Such strategies can be constructed explicitly with the use of Blackwell's approachability theorem, in an other auxiliary game. We establish the converse: a strategy that approaches a convex $B$-set can be...
computer science
10,265
Learning sparse gradients for variable selection and dimension reduction
stat.ML
Variable selection and dimension reduction are two commonly adopted approaches for high-dimensional data analysis, but have traditionally been treated separately. Here we propose an integrated approach, called sparse gradient learning (SGL), for variable selection and dimension reduction via learning the gradients of t...
computer science
10,266
A PAC-Bayesian Analysis of Graph Clustering and Pairwise Clustering
cs.LG
We formulate weighted graph clustering as a prediction problem: given a subset of edge weights we analyze the ability of graph clustering to predict the remaining edge weights. This formulation enables practical and theoretical comparison of different approaches to graph clustering as well as comparison of graph cluste...
computer science
10,267
Sparse Inverse Covariance Selection via Alternating Linearization Methods
cs.LG
Gaussian graphical models are of great interest in statistical learning. Because the conditional independencies between different nodes correspond to zero entries in the inverse covariance matrix of the Gaussian distribution, one can learn the structure of the graph by estimating a sparse inverse covariance matrix from...
computer science
10,268
From Sparse Signals to Sparse Residuals for Robust Sensing
stat.ML
One of the key challenges in sensor networks is the extraction of information by fusing data from a multitude of distinct, but possibly unreliable sensors. Recovering information from the maximum number of dependable sensors while specifying the unreliable ones is critical for robust sensing. This sensing task is formu...
computer science
10,269
Robust Matrix Decomposition with Outliers
stat.ML
Suppose a given observation matrix can be decomposed as the sum of a low-rank matrix and a sparse matrix (outliers), and the goal is to recover these individual components from the observed sum. Such additive decompositions have applications in a variety of numerical problems including system identification, latent var...
computer science
10,270
Online Learning: Beyond Regret
stat.ML
We study online learnability of a wide class of problems, extending the results of (Rakhlin, Sridharan, Tewari, 2010) to general notions of performance measure well beyond external regret. Our framework simultaneously captures such well-known notions as internal and general Phi-regret, learning with non-additive global...
computer science
10,271
PADDLE: Proximal Algorithm for Dual Dictionaries LEarning
cs.LG
Recently, considerable research efforts have been devoted to the design of methods to learn from data overcomplete dictionaries for sparse coding. However, learned dictionaries require the solution of an optimization problem for coding new data. In order to overcome this drawback, we propose an algorithm aimed at learn...
computer science
10,272
Classifying extremely imbalanced data sets
cs.LG
Imbalanced data sets containing much more background than signal instances are very common in particle physics, and will also be characteristic for the upcoming analyses of LHC data. Following up the work presented at ACAT 2008, we use the multivariate technique presented there (a rule growing algorithm with the meta-m...
computer science
10,273
An Inverse Power Method for Nonlinear Eigenproblems with Applications in 1-Spectral Clustering and Sparse PCA
cs.LG
Many problems in machine learning and statistics can be formulated as (generalized) eigenproblems. In terms of the associated optimization problem, computing linear eigenvectors amounts to finding critical points of a quadratic function subject to quadratic constraints. In this paper we show that a certain class of con...
computer science
10,274
An Introduction to Artificial Prediction Markets for Classification
stat.ML
Prediction markets are used in real life to predict outcomes of interest such as presidential elections. This paper presents a mathematical theory of artificial prediction markets for supervised learning of conditional probability estimators. The artificial prediction market is a novel method for fusing the prediction ...
computer science
10,275
Selecting the rank of truncated SVD by Maximum Approximation Capacity
cs.IT
Truncated Singular Value Decomposition (SVD) calculates the closest rank-$k$ approximation of a given input matrix. Selecting the appropriate rank $k$ defines a critical model order choice in most applications of SVD. To obtain a principled cut-off criterion for the spectrum, we convert the underlying optimization prob...
computer science
10,276
Active Clustering: Robust and Efficient Hierarchical Clustering using Adaptively Selected Similarities
cs.IT
Hierarchical clustering based on pairwise similarities is a common tool used in a broad range of scientific applications. However, in many problems it may be expensive to obtain or compute similarities between the items to be clustered. This paper investigates the hierarchical clustering of N items based on a small sub...
computer science
10,277
Noisy matrix decomposition via convex relaxation: Optimal rates in high dimensions
stat.ML
We analyze a class of estimators based on convex relaxation for solving high-dimensional matrix decomposition problems. The observations are noisy realizations of a linear transformation $\mathfrak{X}$ of the sum of an approximately) low rank matrix $\Theta^\star$ with a second matrix $\Gamma^\star$ endowed with a comp...
computer science
10,278
Neyman-Pearson classification, convexity and stochastic constraints
stat.ML
Motivated by problems of anomaly detection, this paper implements the Neyman-Pearson paradigm to deal with asymmetric errors in binary classification with a convex loss. Given a finite collection of classifiers, we combine them and obtain a new classifier that satisfies simultaneously the two following properties with ...
computer science
10,279
Sparse Volterra and Polynomial Regression Models: Recoverability and Estimation
cs.LG
Volterra and polynomial regression models play a major role in nonlinear system identification and inference tasks. Exciting applications ranging from neuroscience to genome-wide association analysis build on these models with the additional requirement of parsimony. This requirement has high interpretative value, but ...
computer science
10,280
Estimating $β$-mixing coefficients
stat.ML
The literature on statistical learning for time series assumes the asymptotic independence or ``mixing' of the data-generating process. These mixing assumptions are never tested, nor are there methods for estimating mixing rates from data. We give an estimator for the $\beta$-mixing rate based on a single stationary sa...
computer science
10,281
Adapting to Non-stationarity with Growing Expert Ensembles
stat.ML
When dealing with time series with complex non-stationarities, low retrospective regret on individual realizations is a more appropriate goal than low prospective risk in expectation. Online learning algorithms provide powerful guarantees of this form, and have often been proposed for use with non-stationary processes ...
computer science
10,282
COMET: A Recipe for Learning and Using Large Ensembles on Massive Data
cs.LG
COMET is a single-pass MapReduce algorithm for learning on large-scale data. It builds multiple random forest ensembles on distributed blocks of data and merges them into a mega-ensemble. This approach is appropriate when learning from massive-scale data that is too large to fit on a single machine. To get the best acc...
computer science
10,283
Interpreting Graph Cuts as a Max-Product Algorithm
cs.LG
The maximum a posteriori (MAP) configuration of binary variable models with submodular graph-structured energy functions can be found efficiently and exactly by graph cuts. Max-product belief propagation (MP) has been shown to be suboptimal on this class of energy functions by a canonical counterexample where MP conver...
computer science
10,284
Self-configuration from a Machine-Learning Perspective
nlin.AO
The goal of machine learning is to provide solutions which are trained by data or by experience coming from the environment. Many training algorithms exist and some brilliant successes were achieved. But even in structured environments for machine learning (e.g. data mining or board games), most applications beyond the...
computer science
10,285
Behavior of Graph Laplacians on Manifolds with Boundary
cs.LG
In manifold learning, algorithms based on graph Laplacians constructed from data have received considerable attention both in practical applications and theoretical analysis. In particular, the convergence of graph Laplacians obtained from sampled data to certain continuous operators has become an active research topic...
computer science
10,286
Adaptive and Optimal Online Linear Regression on L1-balls
stat.ML
We consider the problem of online linear regression on individual sequences. The goal in this paper is for the forecaster to output sequential predictions which are, after T time rounds, almost as good as the ones output by the best linear predictor in a given L1-ball in R^d. We consider both the cases where the dimens...
computer science
10,287
b-Bit Minwise Hashing for Large-Scale Linear SVM
cs.LG
In this paper, we propose to (seamlessly) integrate b-bit minwise hashing with linear SVM to substantially improve the training (and testing) efficiency using much smaller memory, with essentially no loss of accuracy. Theoretically, we prove that the resemblance matrix, the minwise hashing matrix, and the b-bit minwise...
computer science
10,288
Ranking via Sinkhorn Propagation
stat.ML
It is of increasing importance to develop learning methods for ranking. In contrast to many learning objectives, however, the ranking problem presents difficulties due to the fact that the space of permutations is not smooth. In this paper, we examine the class of rank-linear objective functions, which includes popular...
computer science
10,289
A Dirty Model for Multiple Sparse Regression
cs.LG
Sparse linear regression -- finding an unknown vector from linear measurements -- is now known to be possible with fewer samples than variables, via methods like the LASSO. We consider the multiple sparse linear regression problem, where several related vectors -- with partially shared support sets -- have to be recove...
computer science
10,290
Optimization with Sparsity-Inducing Penalties
cs.LG
Sparse estimation methods are aimed at using or obtaining parsimonious representations of data or models. They were first dedicated to linear variable selection but numerous extensions have now emerged such as structured sparsity or kernel selection. It turns out that many of the related estimation problems can be cast...
computer science
10,291
Accurate Estimators for Improving Minwise Hashing and b-Bit Minwise Hashing
stat.ML
Minwise hashing is the standard technique in the context of search and databases for efficiently estimating set (e.g., high-dimensional 0/1 vector) similarities. Recently, b-bit minwise hashing was proposed which significantly improves upon the original minwise hashing in practice by storing only the lowest b bits of e...
computer science
10,292
Activized Learning: Transforming Passive to Active with Improved Label Complexity
stat.ML
We study the theoretical advantages of active learning over passive learning. Specifically, we prove that, in noise-free classifier learning for VC classes, any passive learning algorithm can be transformed into an active learning algorithm with asymptotically strictly superior label complexity for all nontrivial targe...
computer science
10,293
Generalised elastic nets
cs.LG
The elastic net was introduced as a heuristic algorithm for combinatorial optimisation and has been applied, among other problems, to biological modelling. It has an energy function which trades off a fitness term against a tension term. In the original formulation of the algorithm the tension term was implicitly based...
computer science
10,294
Training Logistic Regression and SVM on 200GB Data Using b-Bit Minwise Hashing and Comparisons with Vowpal Wabbit (VW)
cs.LG
We generated a dataset of 200 GB with 10^9 features, to test our recent b-bit minwise hashing algorithms for training very large-scale logistic regression and SVM. The results confirm our prior work that, compared with the VW hashing algorithm (which has the same variance as random projections), b-bit minwise hashing i...
computer science
10,295
Prediction of peptide bonding affinity: kernel methods for nonlinear modeling
stat.ML
This paper presents regression models obtained from a process of blind prediction of peptide binding affinity from provided descriptors for several distinct datasets as part of the 2006 Comparative Evaluation of Prediction Algorithms (COEPRA) contest. This paper finds that kernel partial least squares, a nonlinear part...
computer science
10,296
On the trade-off between complexity and correlation decay in structural learning algorithms
stat.ML
We consider the problem of learning the structure of Ising models (pairwise binary Markov random fields) from i.i.d. samples. While several methods have been proposed to accomplish this task, their relative merits and limitations remain somewhat obscure. By analyzing a number of concrete examples, we show that low-comp...
computer science
10,297
The Generalization Ability of Online Algorithms for Dependent Data
stat.ML
We study the generalization performance of online learning algorithms trained on samples coming from a dependent source of data. We show that the generalization error of any stable online algorithm concentrates around its regret--an easily computable statistic of the online performance of the algorithm--when the underl...
computer science
10,298
Discovering Emerging Topics in Social Streams via Link Anomaly Detection
stat.ML
Detection of emerging topics are now receiving renewed interest motivated by the rapid growth of social networks. Conventional term-frequency-based approaches may not be appropriate in this context, because the information exchanged are not only texts but also images, URLs, and videos. We focus on the social aspects of...
computer science
10,299
Budget-Optimal Task Allocation for Reliable Crowdsourcing Systems
cs.LG
Crowdsourcing systems, in which numerous tasks are electronically distributed to numerous "information piece-workers", have emerged as an effective paradigm for human-powered solving of large scale problems in domains such as image classification, data entry, optical character recognition, recommendation, and proofread...
computer science
10,300
Information, learning and falsification
cs.IT
There are (at least) three approaches to quantifying information. The first, algorithmic information or Kolmogorov complexity, takes events as strings and, given a universal Turing machine, quantifies the information content of a string as the length of the shortest program producing it. The second, Shannon information...
computer science