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11,901
Randomized Kernel Methods for Least-Squares Support Vector Machines
cs.LG
The least-squares support vector machine is a frequently used kernel method for non-linear regression and classification tasks. Here we discuss several approximation algorithms for the least-squares support vector machine classifier. The proposed methods are based on randomized block kernel matrices, and we show that t...
computer science
11,902
Data Driven Exploratory Attacks on Black Box Classifiers in Adversarial Domains
stat.ML
While modern day web applications aim to create impact at the civilization level, they have become vulnerable to adversarial activity, where the next cyber-attack can take any shape and can originate from anywhere. The increasing scale and sophistication of attacks, has prompted the need for a data driven solution, wit...
computer science
11,903
Biologically inspired protection of deep networks from adversarial attacks
stat.ML
Inspired by biophysical principles underlying nonlinear dendritic computation in neural circuits, we develop a scheme to train deep neural networks to make them robust to adversarial attacks. Our scheme generates highly nonlinear, saturated neural networks that achieve state of the art performance on gradient based adv...
computer science
11,904
Solving Non-parametric Inverse Problem in Continuous Markov Random Field using Loopy Belief Propagation
stat.ML
In this paper, we address the inverse problem, or the statistical machine learning problem, in Markov random fields with a non-parametric pair-wise energy function with continuous variables. The inverse problem is formulated by maximum likelihood estimation. The exact treatment of maximum likelihood estimation is intra...
computer science
11,905
Particle Filtering for PLCA model with Application to Music Transcription
stat.ML
Automatic Music Transcription (AMT) consists in automatically estimating the notes in an audio recording, through three attributes: onset time, duration and pitch. Probabilistic Latent Component Analysis (PLCA) has become very popular for this task. PLCA is a spectrogram factorization method, able to model a magnitude ...
computer science
11,906
Efficient Private ERM for Smooth Objectives
cs.LG
In this paper, we consider efficient differentially private empirical risk minimization from the viewpoint of optimization algorithms. For strongly convex and smooth objectives, we prove that gradient descent with output perturbation not only achieves nearly optimal utility, but also significantly improves the running ...
computer science
11,907
Atomic Convolutional Networks for Predicting Protein-Ligand Binding Affinity
cs.LG
Empirical scoring functions based on either molecular force fields or cheminformatics descriptors are widely used, in conjunction with molecular docking, during the early stages of drug discovery to predict potency and binding affinity of a drug-like molecule to a given target. These models require expert-level knowled...
computer science
11,908
Near Perfect Protein Multi-Label Classification with Deep Neural Networks
cs.LG
Artificial neural networks (ANNs) have gained a well-deserved popularity among machine learning tools upon their recent successful applications in image- and sound processing and classification problems. ANNs have also been applied for predicting the family or function of a protein, knowing its residue sequence. Here w...
computer science
11,909
Fundamental Conditions for Low-CP-Rank Tensor Completion
cs.LG
We consider the problem of low canonical polyadic (CP) rank tensor completion. A completion is a tensor whose entries agree with the observed entries and its rank matches the given CP rank. We analyze the manifold structure corresponding to the tensors with the given rank and define a set of polynomials based on the sa...
computer science
11,910
Bi-class classification of humpback whale sound units against complex background noise with Deep Convolution Neural Network
stat.ML
Automatically detecting sound units of humpback whales in complex time-varying background noises is a current challenge for scientists. In this paper, we explore the applicability of Convolution Neural Network (CNN) method for this task. In the evaluation stage, we present 6 bi-class classification experimentations of ...
computer science
11,911
Comparison of multi-task convolutional neural network (MT-CNN) and a few other methods for toxicity prediction
cs.LG
Toxicity analysis and prediction are of paramount importance to human health and environmental protection. Existing computational methods are built from a wide variety of descriptors and regressors, which makes their performance analysis difficult. For example, deep neural network (DNN), a successful approach in many o...
computer science
11,912
Provable Inductive Robust PCA via Iterative Hard Thresholding
cs.LG
The robust PCA problem, wherein, given an input data matrix that is the superposition of a low-rank matrix and a sparse matrix, we aim to separate out the low-rank and sparse components, is a well-studied problem in machine learning. One natural question that arises is that, as in the inductive setting, if features are...
computer science
11,913
No Spurious Local Minima in Nonconvex Low Rank Problems: A Unified Geometric Analysis
cs.LG
In this paper we develop a new framework that captures the common landscape underlying the common non-convex low-rank matrix problems including matrix sensing, matrix completion and robust PCA. In particular, we show for all above problems (including asymmetric cases): 1) all local minima are also globally optimal; 2) ...
computer science
11,914
Polynomial Time and Sample Complexity for Non-Gaussian Component Analysis: Spectral Methods
cs.LG
The problem of Non-Gaussian Component Analysis (NGCA) is about finding a maximal low-dimensional subspace $E$ in $\mathbb{R}^n$ so that data points projected onto $E$ follow a non-gaussian distribution. Although this is an appropriate model for some real world data analysis problems, there has been little progress on t...
computer science
11,915
Homotopy Parametric Simplex Method for Sparse Learning
cs.LG
High dimensional sparse learning has imposed a great computational challenge to large scale data analysis. In this paper, we are interested in a broad class of sparse learning approaches formulated as linear programs parametrized by a {\em regularization factor}, and solve them by the parametric simplex method (PSM). O...
computer science
11,916
On the Unreported-Profile-is-Negative Assumption for Predictive Cheminformatics
cs.LG
In cheminformatics, compound-target binding profiles has been a main source of data for research. For data repositories that only provide positive profiles, a popular assumption is that unreported profiles are all negative. In this paper, we caution audience not to take this assumption for granted, and present empirica...
computer science
11,917
Revisiting the problem of audio-based hit song prediction using convolutional neural networks
cs.SD
Being able to predict whether a song can be a hit has impor- tant applications in the music industry. Although it is true that the popularity of a song can be greatly affected by exter- nal factors such as social and commercial influences, to which degree audio features computed from musical signals (whom we regard as ...
computer science
11,918
On Generalization and Regularization in Deep Learning
stat.ML
Why do large neural network generalize so well on complex tasks such as image classification or speech recognition? What exactly is the role regularization for them? These are arguably among the most important open questions in machine learning today. In a recent and thought provoking paper [C. Zhang et al.] several au...
computer science
11,919
Comparison Based Nearest Neighbor Search
stat.ML
We consider machine learning in a comparison-based setting where we are given a set of points in a metric space, but we have no access to the actual distances between the points. Instead, we can only ask an oracle whether the distance between two points $i$ and $j$ is smaller than the distance between the points $i$ an...
computer science
11,920
Comment on "Biologically inspired protection of deep networks from adversarial attacks"
stat.ML
A recent paper suggests that Deep Neural Networks can be protected from gradient-based adversarial perturbations by driving the network activations into a highly saturated regime. Here we analyse such saturated networks and show that the attacks fail due to numerical limitations in the gradient computations. A simple s...
computer science
11,921
Nonnegative/binary matrix factorization with a D-Wave quantum annealer
cs.LG
D-Wave quantum annealers represent a novel computational architecture and have attracted significant interest, but have been used for few real-world computations. Machine learning has been identified as an area where quantum annealing may be useful. Here, we show that the D-Wave 2X can be effectively used as part of an...
computer science
11,922
Accelerated Stochastic Quasi-Newton Optimization on Riemann Manifolds
math.OC
We propose an L-BFGS optimization algorithm on Riemannian manifolds using minibatched stochastic variance reduction techniques for fast convergence with constant step sizes, without resorting to linesearch methods designed to satisfy Wolfe conditions. We provide a new convergence proof for strongly convex functions wit...
computer science
11,923
Adequacy of the Gradient-Descent Method for Classifier Evasion Attacks
cs.CR
Despite the wide use of machine learning in adversarial settings including computer security, recent studies have demonstrated vulnerabilities to evasion attacks---carefully crafted adversarial samples that closely resemble legitimate instances, but cause misclassification. In this paper, we examine the adequacy of the...
computer science
11,924
Jet Constituents for Deep Neural Network Based Top Quark Tagging
cs.LG
Recent literature on deep neural networks for tagging of highly energetic jets resulting from top quark decays has focused on image based techniques or multivariate approaches using high-level jet substructure variables. Here, a sequential approach to this task is taken by using an ordered sequence of jet constituents ...
computer science
11,925
Deep Reinforcement Learning framework for Autonomous Driving
stat.ML
Reinforcement learning is considered to be a strong AI paradigm which can be used to teach machines through interaction with the environment and learning from their mistakes. Despite its perceived utility, it has not yet been successfully applied in automotive applications. Motivated by the successful demonstrations of...
computer science
11,926
On the Fine-Grained Complexity of Empirical Risk Minimization: Kernel Methods and Neural Networks
cs.CC
Empirical risk minimization (ERM) is ubiquitous in machine learning and underlies most supervised learning methods. While there has been a large body of work on algorithms for various ERM problems, the exact computational complexity of ERM is still not understood. We address this issue for multiple popular ERM problems...
computer science
11,927
A probabilistic data-driven model for planar pushing
cs.RO
This paper presents a data-driven approach to model planar pushing interaction to predict both the most likely outcome of a push and its expected variability. The learned models rely on a variation of Gaussian processes with input-dependent noise called Variational Heteroscedastic Gaussian processes (VHGP) that capture...
computer science
11,928
struc2vec: Learning Node Representations from Structural Identity
cs.SI
Structural identity is a concept of symmetry in which network nodes are identified according to the network structure and their relationship to other nodes. Structural identity has been studied in theory and practice over the past decades, but only recently has it been addressed with representational learning technique...
computer science
11,929
The Space of Transferable Adversarial Examples
stat.ML
Adversarial examples are maliciously perturbed inputs designed to mislead machine learning (ML) models at test-time. They often transfer: the same adversarial example fools more than one model. In this work, we propose novel methods for estimating the previously unknown dimensionality of the space of adversarial inpu...
computer science
11,930
Sampling-based speech parameter generation using moment-matching networks
cs.SD
This paper presents sampling-based speech parameter generation using moment-matching networks for Deep Neural Network (DNN)-based speech synthesis. Although people never produce exactly the same speech even if we try to express the same linguistic and para-linguistic information, typical statistical speech synthesis pr...
computer science
11,931
Investigation on the use of Hidden-Markov Models in automatic transcription of music
stat.ML
Hidden Markov Models (HMMs) are a ubiquitous tool to model time series data, and have been widely used in two main tasks of Automatic Music Transcription (AMT): note segmentation, i.e. identifying the played notes after a multi-pitch estimation, and sequential post-processing, i.e. correcting note segmentation using tr...
computer science
11,932
A Proof of Orthogonal Double Machine Learning with $Z$-Estimators
stat.ML
We consider two stage estimation with a non-parametric first stage and a generalized method of moments second stage, in a simpler setting than (Chernozhukov et al. 2016). We give an alternative proof of the theorem given in (Chernozhukov et al. 2016) that orthogonal second stage moments, sample splitting and $n^{1/4}$-...
computer science
11,933
ZigZag: A new approach to adaptive online learning
cs.LG
We develop a novel family of algorithms for the online learning setting with regret against any data sequence bounded by the empirical Rademacher complexity of that sequence. To develop a general theory of when this type of adaptive regret bound is achievable we establish a connection to the theory of decoupling inequa...
computer science
11,934
3D Deep Learning for Biological Function Prediction from Physical Fields
cs.LG
Predicting the biological function of molecules, be it proteins or drug-like compounds, from their atomic structure is an important and long-standing problem. Function is dictated by structure, since it is by spatial interactions that molecules interact with each other, both in terms of steric complementarity, as well ...
computer science
11,935
Adaptive Neighboring Selection Algorithm Based on Curvature Prediction in Manifold Learning
stat.ME
Recently manifold learning algorithm for dimensionality reduction attracts more and more interests, and various linear and nonlinear, global and local algorithms are proposed. The key step of manifold learning algorithm is the neighboring region selection. However, so far for the references we know, few of which propos...
computer science
11,936
Cross-media Similarity Metric Learning with Unified Deep Networks
cs.MM
As a highlighting research topic in the multimedia area, cross-media retrieval aims to capture the complex correlations among multiple media types. Learning better shared representation and distance metric for multimedia data is important to boost the cross-media retrieval. Motivated by the strong ability of deep neura...
computer science
11,937
Deep Learning Based Regression and Multi-class Models for Acute Oral Toxicity Prediction with Automatic Chemical Feature Extraction
stat.ML
For quantitative structure-property relationship (QSPR) studies in chemoinformatics, it is important to get interpretable relationship between chemical properties and chemical features. However, the predictive power and interpretability of QSPR models are usually two different objectives that are difficult to achieve s...
computer science
11,938
Semi-supervised classification for dynamic Android malware detection
cs.CR
A growing number of threats to Android phones creates challenges for malware detection. Manually labeling the samples into benign or different malicious families requires tremendous human efforts, while it is comparably easy and cheap to obtain a large amount of unlabeled APKs from various sources. Moreover, the fast-p...
computer science
11,939
Retrospective Higher-Order Markov Processes for User Trails
cs.SI
Users form information trails as they browse the web, checkin with a geolocation, rate items, or consume media. A common problem is to predict what a user might do next for the purposes of guidance, recommendation, or prefetching. First-order and higher-order Markov chains have been widely used methods to study such se...
computer science
11,940
Geometric Matrix Completion with Recurrent Multi-Graph Neural Networks
cs.LG
Matrix completion models are among the most common formulations of recommender systems. Recent works have showed a boost of performance of these techniques when introducing the pairwise relationships between users/items in the form of graphs, and imposing smoothness priors on these graphs. However, such techniques do n...
computer science
11,941
Linear Convergence of Accelerated Stochastic Gradient Descent for Nonconvex Nonsmooth Optimization
math.OC
In this paper, we study the stochastic gradient descent (SGD) method for the nonconvex nonsmooth optimization, and propose an accelerated SGD method by combining the variance reduction technique with Nesterov's extrapolation technique. Moreover, based on the local error bound condition, we establish the linear converge...
computer science
11,942
Spectral Ergodicity in Deep Learning Architectures via Surrogate Random Matrices
stat.ML
In this work a novel method to quantify spectral ergodicity for random matrices is presented. The new methodology combines approaches rooted in the metrics of Thirumalai-Mountain (TM) and Kullbach-Leibler (KL) divergence. The method is applied to a general study of deep and recurrent neural networks via the analysis of...
computer science
11,943
Optimal client recommendation for market makers in illiquid financial products
cs.LG
The process of liquidity provision in financial markets can result in prolonged exposure to illiquid instruments for market makers. In this case, where a proprietary position is not desired, pro-actively targeting the right client who is likely to be interested can be an effective means to offset this position, rather ...
computer science
11,944
Complex spectrogram enhancement by convolutional neural network with multi-metrics learning
stat.ML
This paper aims to address two issues existing in the current speech enhancement methods: 1) the difficulty of phase estimations; 2) a single objective function cannot consider multiple metrics simultaneously. To solve the first problem, we propose a novel convolutional neural network (CNN) model for complex spectrogra...
computer science
11,945
Matrix Completion and Related Problems via Strong Duality
cs.DS
This work studies the strong duality of non-convex matrix factorization problems: we show that under certain dual conditions, these problems and its dual have the same optimum. This has been well understood for convex optimization, but little was known for non-convex problems. We propose a novel analytical framework an...
computer science
11,946
A Network Perspective on Stratification of Multi-Label Data
stat.ML
In the recent years, we have witnessed the development of multi-label classification methods which utilize the structure of the label space in a divide and conquer approach to improve classification performance and allow large data sets to be classified efficiently. Yet most of the available data sets have been provide...
computer science
11,947
Deep Feature Learning for Graphs
stat.ML
This paper presents a general graph representation learning framework called DeepGL for learning deep node and edge representations from large (attributed) graphs. In particular, DeepGL begins by deriving a set of base features (e.g., graphlet features) and automatically learns a multi-layered hierarchical graph repres...
computer science
11,948
Learning with Changing Features
cs.LG
In this paper we study the setting where features are added or change interpretation over time, which has applications in multiple domains such as retail, manufacturing, finance. In particular, we propose an approach to provably determine the time instant from which the new/changed features start becoming relevant with...
computer science
11,949
Redundancy in active paths of deep networks: a random active path model
cs.LG
Deep learning has become a powerful and popular tool for a variety of machine learning tasks. However, it is extremely challenging to understand the mechanism of deep learning from a theoretical perspective. In this work, we study robustness of a deep network in its generalization capability against removal of a certai...
computer science
11,950
Nonlinear Information Bottleneck
cs.IT
Information bottleneck [IB] is a technique for extracting information in some `input' random variable that is relevant for predicting some different 'output' random variable. IB works by encoding the input in a compressed 'bottleneck variable' from which the output can then be accurately decoded. IB can be difficult to...
computer science
11,951
Classification and Representation via Separable Subspaces: Performance Limits and Algorithms
cs.IT
We study the classification performance of Kronecker-structured models in two asymptotic regimes and developed an algorithm for separable, fast and compact K-S dictionary learning for better classification and representation of multidimensional signals by exploiting the structure in the signal. First, we study the clas...
computer science
11,952
Learning of Gaussian Processes in Distributed and Communication Limited Systems
stat.ML
It is of fundamental importance to find algorithms obtaining optimal performance for learning of statistical models in distributed and communication limited systems. Aiming at characterizing the optimal strategies, we consider learning of Gaussian Processes (GPs) in distributed systems as a pivotal example. We first ad...
computer science
11,953
Frequentist Consistency of Variational Bayes
stat.ML
A key challenge for modern Bayesian statistics is how to perform scalable inference of posterior distributions. To address this challenge, VB methods have emerged as a popular alternative to the classical MCMC methods. VB methods tend to be faster while achieving comparable predictive performance. However, there are fe...
computer science
11,954
Spatial Random Sampling: A Structure-Preserving Data Sketching Tool
cs.LG
Random column sampling is not guaranteed to yield data sketches that preserve the underlying structures of the data and may not sample sufficiently from less-populated data clusters. Also, adaptive sampling can often provide accurate low rank approximations, yet may fall short of producing descriptive data sketches, es...
computer science
11,955
Iteratively-Reweighted Least-Squares Fitting of Support Vector Machines: A Majorization--Minimization Algorithm Approach
stat.CO
Support vector machines (SVMs) are an important tool in modern data analysis. Traditionally, support vector machines have been fitted via quadratic programming, either using purpose-built or off-the-shelf algorithms. We present an alternative approach to SVM fitting via the majorization--minimization (MM) paradigm. Alg...
computer science
11,956
Extending Defensive Distillation
cs.LG
Machine learning is vulnerable to adversarial examples: inputs carefully modified to force misclassification. Designing defenses against such inputs remains largely an open problem. In this work, we revisit defensive distillation---which is one of the mechanisms proposed to mitigate adversarial examples---to address it...
computer science
11,957
Distributed Statistical Machine Learning in Adversarial Settings: Byzantine Gradient Descent
cs.DC
We consider the problem of distributed statistical machine learning in adversarial settings, where some unknown and time-varying subset of working machines may be compromised and behave arbitrarily to prevent an accurate model from being learned. This setting captures the potential adversarial attacks faced by Federate...
computer science
11,958
Learning Edge Representations via Low-Rank Asymmetric Projections
cs.LG
We propose a new method for embedding graphs while preserving directed edge information. Learning such continuous-space vector representations (or embeddings) of nodes in a graph is an important first step for using network information (from social networks, user-item graphs, knowledge bases, etc.) in many machine lear...
computer science
11,959
Sub-sampled Cubic Regularization for Non-convex Optimization
cs.LG
We consider the minimization of non-convex functions that typically arise in machine learning. Specifically, we focus our attention on a variant of trust region methods known as cubic regularization. This approach is particularly attractive because it escapes strict saddle points and it provides stronger convergence gu...
computer science
11,960
An Investigation of Newton-Sketch and Subsampled Newton Methods
math.OC
The concepts of sketching and subsampling have recently received much attention by the optimization and statistics communities. In this paper, we study Newton-Sketch and Subsampled Newton (SSN) methods for the finite-sum optimization problem. We consider practical versions of the two methods in which the Newton equatio...
computer science
11,961
A Unified Framework for Stochastic Matrix Factorization via Variance Reduction
stat.ML
We propose a unified framework to speed up the existing stochastic matrix factorization (SMF) algorithms via variance reduction. Our framework is general and it subsumes several well-known SMF formulations in the literature. We perform a non-asymptotic convergence analysis of our framework and derive computational and ...
computer science
11,962
Practical Algorithms for Best-K Identification in Multi-Armed Bandits
cs.LG
In the Best-$K$ identification problem (Best-$K$-Arm), we are given $N$ stochastic bandit arms with unknown reward distributions. Our goal is to identify the $K$ arms with the largest means with high confidence, by drawing samples from the arms adaptively. This problem is motivated by various practical applications and...
computer science
11,963
CDS Rate Construction Methods by Machine Learning Techniques
cs.LG
Regulators require financial institutions to estimate counterparty default risks from liquid CDS quotes for the valuation and risk management of OTC derivatives. However, the vast majority of counterparties do not have liquid CDS quotes and need proxy CDS rates. Existing methods cannot account for counterparty-specific...
computer science
11,964
The Landscape of Deep Learning Algorithms
stat.ML
This paper studies the landscape of empirical risk of deep neural networks by theoretically analyzing its convergence behavior to the population risk as well as its stationary points and properties. For an $l$-layer linear neural network, we prove its empirical risk uniformly converges to its population risk at the rat...
computer science
11,965
Linear regression without correspondence
cs.LG
This article considers algorithmic and statistical aspects of linear regression when the correspondence between the covariates and the responses is unknown. First, a fully polynomial-time approximation scheme is given for the natural least squares optimization problem in any constant dimension. Next, in an average-case...
computer science
11,966
Deep adversarial neural decoding
cs.LG
Here, we present a novel approach to solve the problem of reconstructing perceived stimuli from brain responses by combining probabilistic inference with deep learning. Our approach first inverts the linear transformation from latent features to brain responses with maximum a posteriori estimation and then inverts the ...
computer science
11,967
Ensemble Adversarial Training: Attacks and Defenses
stat.ML
Adversarial examples are perturbed inputs designed to fool machine learning models. Adversarial training injects such examples into training data to increase robustness. To scale this technique to large datasets, perturbations are crafted using fast single-step methods that maximize a linear approximation of the model'...
computer science
11,968
Stochastic Recursive Gradient Algorithm for Nonconvex Optimization
stat.ML
In this paper, we study and analyze the mini-batch version of StochAstic Recursive grAdient algoritHm (SARAH), a method employing the stochastic recursive gradient, for solving empirical loss minimization for the case of nonconvex losses. We provide a sublinear convergence rate (to stationary points) for general noncon...
computer science
11,969
$\left( β, \varpi \right)$-stability for cross-validation and the choice of the number of folds
stat.ML
In this paper, we introduce a new concept of stability for cross-validation, called the $\left( \beta, \varpi \right)$-stability, and use it as a new perspective to build the general theory for cross-validation. The $\left( \beta, \varpi \right)$-stability mathematically connects the generalization ability and the stab...
computer science
11,970
Balanced Policy Evaluation and Learning
stat.ML
We present a new approach to the problems of evaluating and learning personalized decision policies from observational data of past contexts, decisions, and outcomes. Only the outcome of the enacted decision is available and the historical policy is unknown. These problems arise in personalized medicine using electroni...
computer science
11,971
Parallel Streaming Wasserstein Barycenters
cs.LG
Efficiently aggregating data from different sources is a challenging problem, particularly when samples from each source are distributed differently. These differences can be inherent to the inference task or present for other reasons: sensors in a sensor network may be placed far apart, affecting their individual meas...
computer science
11,972
Infrastructure for Usable Machine Learning: The Stanford DAWN Project
cs.LG
Despite incredible recent advances in machine learning, building machine learning applications remains prohibitively time-consuming and expensive for all but the best-trained, best-funded engineering organizations. This expense comes not from a need for new and improved statistical models but instead from a lack of sys...
computer science
11,973
Classification Using Proximity Catch Digraphs (Technical Report)
cs.LG
We employ random geometric digraphs to construct semi-parametric classifiers. These data-random digraphs are from parametrized random digraph families called proximity catch digraphs (PCDs). A related geometric digraph family, class cover catch digraph (CCCD), has been used to solve the class cover problem by using its...
computer science
11,974
Training Deep Networks without Learning Rates Through Coin Betting
cs.LG
Deep learning methods achieve state-of-the-art performance in many application scenarios. Yet, these methods require a significant amount of hyperparameters tuning in order to achieve the best results. In particular, tuning the learning rates in the stochastic optimization process is still one of the main bottlenecks. ...
computer science
11,975
Information-theoretic analysis of generalization capability of learning algorithms
cs.LG
We derive upper bounds on the generalization error of a learning algorithm in terms of the mutual information between its input and output. The bounds provide an information-theoretic understanding of generalization in learning problems, and give theoretical guidelines for striking the right balance between data fit an...
computer science
11,976
Online Factorization and Partition of Complex Networks From Random Walks
cs.LG
Finding the reduced-dimensional structure is critical to understanding complex networks. Existing approaches such as spectral clustering are applicable only when the full network is explicitly observed. In this paper, we focus on the online factorization and partition of implicit large-scale networks based on observati...
computer science
11,977
Large Scale Empirical Risk Minimization via Truncated Adaptive Newton Method
math.OC
We consider large scale empirical risk minimization (ERM) problems, where both the problem dimension and variable size is large. In these cases, most second order methods are infeasible due to the high cost in both computing the Hessian over all samples and computing its inverse in high dimensions. In this paper, we pr...
computer science
11,978
Efficient and principled score estimation with Nyström kernel exponential families
stat.ML
We propose a fast method with statistical guarantees for learning an exponential family density model where the natural parameter is in a reproducing kernel Hilbert space, and may be infinite-dimensional. The model is learned by fitting the derivative of the log density, the score, thus avoiding the need to compute a n...
computer science
11,979
Audio-replay attack detection countermeasures
cs.SD
This paper presents the Speech Technology Center (STC) replay attack detection systems proposed for Automatic Speaker Verification Spoofing and Countermeasures Challenge 2017. In this study we focused on comparison of different spoofing detection approaches. These were GMM based methods, high level features extraction ...
computer science
11,980
Anti-spoofing Methods for Automatic SpeakerVerification System
cs.SD
Growing interest in automatic speaker verification (ASV)systems has lead to significant quality improvement of spoofing attackson them. Many research works confirm that despite the low equal er-ror rate (EER) ASV systems are still vulnerable to spoofing attacks. Inthis work we overview different acoustic feature spaces...
computer science
11,981
Proximity Variational Inference
stat.ML
Variational inference is a powerful approach for approximate posterior inference. However, it is sensitive to initialization and can be subject to poor local optima. In this paper, we develop proximity variational inference (PVI). PVI is a new method for optimizing the variational objective that constrains subsequent i...
computer science
11,982
Can Decentralized Algorithms Outperform Centralized Algorithms? A Case Study for Decentralized Parallel Stochastic Gradient Descent
math.OC
Most distributed machine learning systems nowadays, including TensorFlow and CNTK, are built in a centralized fashion. One bottleneck of centralized algorithms lies on high communication cost on the central node. Motivated by this, we ask, can decentralized algorithms be faster than its centralized counterpart? Altho...
computer science
11,983
Investigation of Using VAE for i-Vector Speaker Verification
cs.SD
New system for i-vector speaker recognition based on variational autoencoder (VAE) is investigated. VAE is a promising approach for developing accurate deep nonlinear generative models of complex data. Experiments show that VAE provides speaker embedding and can be effectively trained in an unsupervised manner. LLR est...
computer science
11,984
Online Auctions and Multi-scale Online Learning
cs.GT
We consider revenue maximization in online auctions and pricing. A seller sells an identical item in each period to a new buyer, or a new set of buyers. For the online posted pricing problem, we show regret bounds that scale with the best fixed price, rather than the range of the values. We also show regret bounds that...
computer science
11,985
Dimensionality reduction for acoustic vehicle classification with spectral embedding
stat.ML
We propose a method for recognizing moving vehicles, using data from roadside audio sensors. This problem has applications ranging widely, from traffic analysis to surveillance. We extract a frequency signature from the audio signal using a short-time Fourier transform, and treat each time window as an individual data ...
computer science
11,986
Fast learning rate of deep learning via a kernel perspective
math.ST
We develop a new theoretical framework to analyze the generalization error of deep learning, and derive a new fast learning rate for two representative algorithms: empirical risk minimization and Bayesian deep learning. The series of theoretical analyses of deep learning has revealed its high expressive power and unive...
computer science
11,987
Gradient Descent Can Take Exponential Time to Escape Saddle Points
math.OC
Although gradient descent (GD) almost always escapes saddle points asymptotically [Lee et al., 2016], this paper shows that even with fairly natural random initialization schemes and non-pathological functions, GD can be significantly slowed down by saddle points, taking exponential time to escape. On the other hand, g...
computer science
11,988
Zonotope hit-and-run for efficient sampling from projection DPPs
stat.ML
Determinantal point processes (DPPs) are distributions over sets of items that model diversity using kernels. Their applications in machine learning include summary extraction and recommendation systems. Yet, the cost of sampling from a DPP is prohibitive in large-scale applications, which has triggered an effort towar...
computer science
11,989
Online to Offline Conversions, Universality and Adaptive Minibatch Sizes
cs.LG
We present an approach towards convex optimization that relies on a novel scheme which converts online adaptive algorithms into offline methods. In the offline optimization setting, our derived methods are shown to obtain favourable adaptive guarantees which depend on the harmonic sum of the queried gradients. We furth...
computer science
11,990
Surface Networks
stat.ML
We study data-driven representations for three-dimensional triangle meshes, which are one of the prevalent objects used to represent 3D geometry. Recent works have developed models that exploit the intrinsic geometry of manifolds and graphs, namely the Graph Neural Networks (GNNs) and its spectral variants, which learn...
computer science
11,991
Optimization of Tree Ensembles
math.OC
Tree ensemble models such as random forests and boosted trees are among the most widely used and practically successful predictive models in applied machine learning and business analytics. Although such models have been used to make predictions based on exogenous, uncontrollable independent variables, they are increas...
computer science
11,992
Sparse and low-rank approximations of large symmetric matrices using biharmonic interpolation
stat.ML
Symmetric matrices are widely used in machine learning problems such as kernel machines and manifold learning. Using large datasets often requires computing low-rank approximations of these symmetric matrices so that they fit in memory. In this paper, we present a novel method based on biharmonic interpolation for low-...
computer science
11,993
Lower Bounds on Regret for Noisy Gaussian Process Bandit Optimization
stat.ML
In this paper, we consider the problem of sequentially optimizing a black-box function $f$ based on noisy samples and bandit feedback. We assume that $f$ is smooth in the sense of having a bounded norm in some reproducing kernel Hilbert space (RKHS), yielding a commonly-considered non-Bayesian form of Gaussian process ...
computer science
11,994
Krylov Subspace Recycling for Fast Iterative Least-Squares in Machine Learning
cs.LG
Solving symmetric positive definite linear problems is a fundamental computational task in machine learning. The exact solution, famously, is cubicly expensive in the size of the matrix. To alleviate this problem, several linear-time approximations, such as spectral and inducing-point methods, have been suggested and a...
computer science
11,995
Supervised Quantile Normalisation
stat.ML
Quantile normalisation is a popular normalisation method for data subject to unwanted variations such as images, speech, or genomic data. It applies a monotonic transformation to the feature values of each sample to ensure that after normalisation, they follow the same target distribution for each sample. Choosing a "g...
computer science
11,996
Deep Learning: A Bayesian Perspective
stat.ML
Deep learning is a form of machine learning for nonlinear high dimensional pattern matching and prediction. By taking a Bayesian probabilistic perspective, we provide a number of insights into more efficient algorithms for optimisation and hyper-parameter tuning. Traditional high-dimensional data reduction techniques, ...
computer science
11,997
The Mixing method: coordinate descent for low-rank semidefinite programming
math.OC
In this paper, we propose a coordinate descent approach to low-rank structured semidefinite programming. The approach, which we call the Mixing method, is extremely simple to implement, has no free parameters, and typically attains an order of magnitude or better improvement in optimization performance over the current...
computer science
11,998
Bias-Variance Tradeoff of Graph Laplacian Regularizer
stat.ML
This paper presents a bias-variance tradeoff of graph Laplacian regularizer, which is widely used in graph signal processing and semi-supervised learning tasks. The scaling law of the optimal regularization parameter is specified in terms of the spectral graph properties and a novel signal-to-noise ratio parameter, whi...
computer science
11,999
Parameter identification in Markov chain choice models
math.ST
This work studies the parameter identification problem for the Markov chain choice model of Blanchet, Gallego, and Goyal used in assortment planning. In this model, the product selected by a customer is determined by a Markov chain over the products, where the products in the offered assortment are absorbing states. Th...
computer science
12,000
Multiple Kernel Learning and Automatic Subspace Relevance Determination for High-dimensional Neuroimaging Data
cs.LG
Alzheimer's disease is a major cause of dementia. Its diagnosis requires accurate biomarkers that are sensitive to disease stages. In this respect, we regard probabilistic classification as a method of designing a probabilistic biomarker for disease staging. Probabilistic biomarkers naturally support the interpretation...
computer science