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12,101
Deep Learning the Ising Model Near Criticality
cs.LG
It is well established that neural networks with deep architectures perform better than shallow networks for many tasks in machine learning. In statistical physics, while there has been recent interest in representing physical data with generative modelling, the focus has been on shallow neural networks. A natural ques...
computer science
12,102
Data-driven Advice for Applying Machine Learning to Bioinformatics Problems
cs.LG
As the bioinformatics field grows, it must keep pace not only with new data but with new algorithms. Here we contribute a thorough analysis of 13 state-of-the-art, commonly used machine learning algorithms on a set of 165 publicly available classification problems in order to provide data-driven algorithm recommendatio...
computer science
12,103
Learning Universal Adversarial Perturbations with Generative Models
cs.CR
Neural networks are known to be vulnerable to adversarial examples, inputs that have been intentionally perturbed to remain visually similar to the source input, but cause a misclassification. It was recently shown that given a dataset and classifier, there exists so called universal adversarial perturbations, a single...
computer science
12,104
Efficient Use of Limited-Memory Accelerators for Linear Learning on Heterogeneous Systems
cs.LG
We propose a generic algorithmic building block to accelerate training of machine learning models on heterogeneous compute systems. Our scheme allows to efficiently employ compute accelerators such as GPUs and FPGAs for the training of large-scale machine learning models, when the training data exceeds their memory cap...
computer science
12,105
Data-Driven Tree Transforms and Metrics
stat.ML
We consider the analysis of high dimensional data given in the form of a matrix with columns consisting of observations and rows consisting of features. Often the data is such that the observations do not reside on a regular grid, and the given order of the features is arbitrary and does not convey a notion of locality...
computer science
12,106
Stochastic Primal-Dual Proximal ExtraGradient Descent for Compositely Regularized Optimization
cs.LG
We consider a wide range of regularized stochastic minimization problems with two regularization terms, one of which is composed with a linear function. This optimization model abstracts a number of important applications in artificial intelligence and machine learning, such as fused Lasso, fused logistic regression, a...
computer science
12,107
Nonparametric regression using deep neural networks with ReLU activation function
math.ST
Consider the multivariate nonparametric regression model. It is shown that estimators based on sparsely connected deep neural networks with ReLU activation function and properly chosen network architecture achieve the minimax rates of convergence (up to log n-factors) under a general composition assumption on the regre...
computer science
12,108
Human experts vs. machines in taxa recognition
stat.ML
Biomonitoring of waterbodies is vital as the number of anthropogenic stressors on aquatic ecosystems keeps growing. However, the continuous decrease in funding makes it impossible to meet monitoring goals or sustain traditional manual sample processing. In this paper, we review what kind of statistical tools can be use...
computer science
12,109
Is Deep Learning Safe for Robot Vision? Adversarial Examples against the iCub Humanoid
cs.LG
Deep neural networks have been widely adopted in recent years, exhibiting impressive performances in several application domains. It has however been shown that they can be fooled by adversarial examples, i.e., images altered by a barely-perceivable adversarial noise, carefully crafted to mislead classification. In thi...
computer science
12,110
Variational autoencoders for tissue heterogeneity exploration from (almost) no preprocessed mass spectrometry imaging data
cs.LG
The paper presents the application of Variational Autoencoders (VAE) for data dimensionality reduction and explorative analysis of mass spectrometry imaging data (MSI). The results confirm that VAEs are capable of detecting the patterns associated with the different tissue sub-types with performance than standard appro...
computer science
12,111
Bayesian Learning of Clique Tree Structure
cs.LG
The problem of categorical data analysis in high dimensions is considered. A discussion of the fundamental difficulties of probability modeling is provided, and a solution to the derivation of high dimensional probability distributions based on Bayesian learning of clique tree decomposition is presented. The main contr...
computer science
12,112
Newton-Type Methods for Non-Convex Optimization Under Inexact Hessian Information
math.OC
We consider variants of trust-region and cubic regularization methods for non-convex optimization, in which the Hessian matrix is approximated. Under mild conditions on the inexact Hessian, and using approximate solution of the corresponding sub-problems, we provide iteration complexity to achieve $ \epsilon $-approxim...
computer science
12,113
GALILEO: A Generalized Low-Entropy Mixture Model
stat.ML
We present a new method of generating mixture models for data with categorical attributes. The keys to this approach are an entropy-based density metric in categorical space and annealing of high-entropy/low-density components from an initial state with many components. Pruning of low-density components using the entro...
computer science
12,114
Ease.ml: Towards Multi-tenant Resource Sharing for Machine Learning Workloads
cs.DB
We present ease.ml, a declarative machine learning service platform we built to support more than ten research groups outside the computer science departments at ETH Zurich for their machine learning needs. With ease.ml, a user defines the high-level schema of a machine learning application and submits the task via a W...
computer science
12,115
Bayesian Compressive Sensing Using Normal Product Priors
stat.ML
In this paper, we introduce a new sparsity-promoting prior, namely, the "normal product" prior, and develop an efficient algorithm for sparse signal recovery under the Bayesian framework. The normal product distribution is the distribution of a product of two normally distributed variables with zero means and possibly ...
computer science
12,116
Modular Learning Component Attacks: Today's Reality, Tomorrow's Challenge
cs.CR
Many of today's machine learning (ML) systems are not built from scratch, but are compositions of an array of {\em modular learning components} (MLCs). The increasing use of MLCs significantly simplifies the ML system development cycles. However, as most MLCs are contributed and maintained by third parties, their lack ...
computer science
12,117
Second-Order Optimization for Non-Convex Machine Learning: An Empirical Study
math.OC
While first-order optimization methods such as stochastic gradient descent (SGD) are popular in machine learning (ML), they come with well-known deficiencies, including relatively-slow convergence, sensitivity to the settings of hyper-parameters such as learning rate, stagnation at high training errors, and difficulty ...
computer science
12,118
Faster Clustering via Non-Backtracking Random Walks
stat.ML
This paper presents VEC-NBT, a variation on the unsupervised graph clustering technique VEC, which improves upon the performance of the original algorithm significantly for sparse graphs. VEC employs a novel application of the state-of-the-art word2vec model to embed a graph in Euclidean space via random walks on the n...
computer science
12,119
Plausible Deniability for Privacy-Preserving Data Synthesis
cs.CR
Releasing full data records is one of the most challenging problems in data privacy. On the one hand, many of the popular techniques such as data de-identification are problematic because of their dependence on the background knowledge of adversaries. On the other hand, rigorous methods such as the exponential mechanis...
computer science
12,120
On the Protection of Private Information in Machine Learning Systems: Two Recent Approaches
stat.ML
The recent, remarkable growth of machine learning has led to intense interest in the privacy of the data on which machine learning relies, and to new techniques for preserving privacy. However, older ideas about privacy may well remain valid and useful. This note reviews two recent works on privacy in the light of the ...
computer science
12,121
ByRDiE: Byzantine-resilient distributed coordinate descent for decentralized learning
cs.LG
Distributed machine learning algorithms enable processing of datasets that are distributed over a network without gathering the data at a centralized location. While efficient distributed algorithms have been developed under the assumption of faultless networks, failures that can render these algorithms nonfunctional i...
computer science
12,122
An inexact subsampled proximal Newton-type method for large-scale machine learning
cs.LG
We propose a fast proximal Newton-type algorithm for minimizing regularized finite sums that returns an $\epsilon$-suboptimal point in $\tilde{\mathcal{O}}(d(n + \sqrt{\kappa d})\log(\frac{1}{\epsilon}))$ FLOPS, where $n$ is number of samples, $d$ is feature dimension, and $\kappa$ is the condition number. As long as $...
computer science
12,123
Coulomb GANs: Provably Optimal Nash Equilibria via Potential Fields
cs.LG
Generative adversarial networks (GANs) evolved into one of the most successful unsupervised techniques for generating realistic images. Even though it has recently been shown that GAN training converges, GAN models often end up in local Nash equilibria that are associated with mode collapse or otherwise fail to model t...
computer science
12,124
A Compressive Sensing Approach to Community Detection with Applications
cs.IT
The community detection problem for graphs asks one to partition the n vertices V of a graph G into k communities, or clusters, such that there are many intracluster edges and few intercluster edges. Of course this is equivalent to finding a permutation matrix P such that, if A denotes the adjacency matrix of G, then P...
computer science
12,125
Design and Analysis of the NIPS 2016 Review Process
cs.DL
Neural Information Processing Systems (NIPS) is a top-tier annual conference in machine learning. The 2016 edition of the conference comprised more than 2,400 paper submissions, 3,000 reviewers, and 8,000 attendees, representing a growth of nearly 40% in terms of submissions, 96% in terms of reviewers, and over 100% in...
computer science
12,126
Low Permutation-rank Matrices: Structural Properties and Noisy Completion
stat.ML
We consider the problem of noisy matrix completion, in which the goal is to reconstruct a structured matrix whose entries are partially observed in noise. Standard approaches to this underdetermined inverse problem are based on assuming that the underlying matrix has low rank, or is well-approximated by a low rank matr...
computer science
12,127
PassGAN: A Deep Learning Approach for Password Guessing
cs.CR
State-of-the-art password guessing tools, such as HashCat and John the Ripper, enable users to check billions of passwords per second against password hashes. In addition to performing straightforward dictionary attacks, these tools can expand password dictionaries using password generation rules, such as concatenation...
computer science
12,128
Communication-efficient Algorithm for Distributed Sparse Learning via Two-way Truncation
stat.ML
We propose a communicationally and computationally efficient algorithm for high-dimensional distributed sparse learning. At each iteration, local machines compute the gradient on local data and the master machine solves one shifted $l_1$ regularized minimization problem. The communication cost is reduced from constant ...
computer science
12,129
Using Posters to Recommend Anime and Mangas in a Cold-Start Scenario
cs.IR
Item cold-start is a classical issue in recommender systems that affects anime and manga recommendations as well. This problem can be framed as follows: how to predict whether a user will like a manga that received few ratings from the community? Content-based techniques can alleviate this issue but require extra infor...
computer science
12,130
Privacy Risk in Machine Learning: Analyzing the Connection to Overfitting
cs.CR
Machine learning algorithms, when applied to sensitive data, pose a distinct threat to privacy. A growing body of prior work demonstrates that models produced by these algorithms may leak specific private information in the training data to an attacker, either through the models' structure or their observable behavior....
computer science
12,131
Unsupervised Generative Modeling Using Matrix Product States
cs.LG
Generative modeling, which learns joint probability distribution from training data and generates samples according to it, is an important task in machine learning and artificial intelligence. Inspired by probabilistic interpretation of quantum physics, we propose a generative model using matrix product states, which i...
computer science
12,132
An Influence-Receptivity Model for Topic based Information Cascades
stat.ML
We consider the problem of estimating the latent structure of a social network based on observational data on information diffusion processes, or {\it cascades}. Here for a given cascade, we only observe the time a node/agent is infected but not the source of infection. Existing literature has focused on estimating net...
computer science
12,133
A Quasi-isometric Embedding Algorithm
stat.ML
The Whitney embedding theorem gives an upper bound on the smallest embedding dimension of a manifold. If a data set lies on a manifold, a random projection into this reduced dimension will retain the manifold structure. Here we present an algorithm to find a projection that distorts the data as little as possible.
computer science
12,134
On Fairness and Calibration
cs.LG
The machine learning community has become increasingly concerned with the potential for bias and discrimination in predictive models. This has motivated a growing line of work on what it means for a classification procedure to be "fair." In this paper, we investigate the tension between minimizing error disparity acros...
computer science
12,135
A deep generative model for gene expression profiles from single-cell RNA sequencing
cs.LG
We propose a probabilistic model for interpreting gene expression levels that are observed through single-cell RNA sequencing. In the model, each cell has a low-dimensional latent representation. Additional latent variables account for technical effects that may erroneously set some observations of gene expression leve...
computer science
12,136
Approximating meta-heuristics with homotopic recurrent neural networks
stat.ML
Much combinatorial optimisation problems constitute a non-polynomial (NP) hard optimisation problem, i.e., they can not be solved in polynomial time. One such problem is finding the shortest route between two nodes on a graph. Meta-heuristic algorithms such as $A^{*}$ along with mixed-integer programming (MIP) methods ...
computer science
12,137
Feature selection in high-dimensional dataset using MapReduce
cs.DC
This paper describes a distributed MapReduce implementation of the minimum Redundancy Maximum Relevance algorithm, a popular feature selection method in bioinformatics and network inference problems. The proposed approach handles both tall/narrow and wide/short datasets. We further provide an open source implementation...
computer science
12,138
Reservoir of Diverse Adaptive Learners and Stacking Fast Hoeffding Drift Detection Methods for Evolving Data Streams
stat.ML
The last decade has seen a surge of interest in adaptive learning algorithms for data stream classification, with applications ranging from predicting ozone level peaks, learning stock market indicators, to detecting computer security violations. In addition, a number of methods have been developed to detect concept dr...
computer science
12,139
CuRTAIL: ChaRacterizing and Thwarting AdversarIal deep Learning
cs.CR
This paper proposes CuRTAIL, an end-to-end computing framework for characterizing and thwarting adversarial space in the context of Deep Learning (DL). The framework protects deep neural networks against adversarial samples, which are perturbed inputs carefully crafted by malicious entities to mislead the underlying DL...
computer science
12,140
Deep learning for undersampled MRI reconstruction
stat.ML
This paper presents a deep learning method for faster magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) by reducing k-space data with sub-Nyquist sampling strategies and provides a rationale for why the proposed approach works well. Uniform subsampling is used in the time-consuming phase-encoding direction to capture high-resolution im...
computer science
12,141
A Modular Analysis of Adaptive (Non-)Convex Optimization: Optimism, Composite Objectives, and Variational Bounds
cs.LG
Recently, much work has been done on extending the scope of online learning and incremental stochastic optimization algorithms. In this paper we contribute to this effort in two ways: First, based on a new regret decomposition and a generalization of Bregman divergences, we provide a self-contained, modular analysis of...
computer science
12,142
Towards Proving the Adversarial Robustness of Deep Neural Networks
cs.LG
Autonomous vehicles are highly complex systems, required to function reliably in a wide variety of situations. Manually crafting software controllers for these vehicles is difficult, but there has been some success in using deep neural networks generated using machine-learning. However, deep neural networks are opaque ...
computer science
12,143
A Brief Introduction to Machine Learning for Engineers
cs.LG
This monograph aims at providing an introduction to key concepts, algorithms, and theoretical frameworks in machine learning, including supervised and unsupervised learning, statistical learning theory, probabilistic graphical models and approximate inference. The intended readership consists of electrical engineers wi...
computer science
12,144
Convolutional Dictionary Learning
cs.LG
Convolutional sparse representations are a form of sparse representation with a dictionary that has a structure that is equivalent to convolution with a set of linear filters. While effective algorithms have recently been developed for the convolutional sparse coding problem, the corresponding dictionary learning probl...
computer science
12,145
A Simple Analysis for Exp-concave Empirical Minimization with Arbitrary Convex Regularizer
stat.ML
In this paper, we present a simple analysis of {\bf fast rates} with {\it high probability} of {\bf empirical minimization} for {\it stochastic composite optimization} over a finite-dimensional bounded convex set with exponential concave loss functions and an arbitrary convex regularization. To the best of our knowledg...
computer science
12,146
Bayesian bandits: balancing the exploration-exploitation tradeoff via double sampling
stat.ML
Reinforcement learning studies how to balance exploration and exploitation in real-world systems, optimizing interactions with the world while simultaneously learning how the world works. One general class of algorithms for such learning is the multi-armed bandit setting (in which sequential interactions are independen...
computer science
12,147
Variational inference for the multi-armed contextual bandit
stat.ML
In many biomedical, science, and engineering problems, one must sequentially decide which action to take next so as to maximize rewards. Reinforcement learning is an area of machine learning that studies how this maximization balances exploration and exploitation, optimizing interactions with the world while simultaneo...
computer science
12,148
GIANT: Globally Improved Approximate Newton Method for Distributed Optimization
cs.LG
For distributed computing environments, we consider the canonical machine learning problem of empirical risk minimization (ERM) with quadratic regularization, and we propose a distributed and communication-efficient Newton-type optimization method. At every iteration, each worker locally finds an Approximate NewTon (AN...
computer science
12,149
Identifying Genetic Risk Factors via Sparse Group Lasso with Group Graph Structure
stat.ML
Genome-wide association studies (GWA studies or GWAS) investigate the relationships between genetic variants such as single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and individual traits. Recently, incorporating biological priors together with machine learning methods in GWA studies has attracted increasing attention. However, ...
computer science
12,150
End-to-End Waveform Utterance Enhancement for Direct Evaluation Metrics Optimization by Fully Convolutional Neural Networks
stat.ML
Speech enhancement model is used to map a noisy speech to a clean speech. In the training stage, an objective function is often adopted to optimize the model parameters. However, in most studies, there is an inconsistency between the model optimization criterion and the evaluation criterion on the enhanced speech. For ...
computer science
12,151
Community Recovery in Hypergraphs
cs.IT
Community recovery is a central problem that arises in a wide variety of applications such as network clustering, motion segmentation, face clustering and protein complex detection. The objective of the problem is to cluster data points into distinct communities based on a set of measurements, each of which is associat...
computer science
12,152
Support Spinor Machine
cs.LG
We generalize a support vector machine to a support spinor machine by using the mathematical structure of wedge product over vector machine in order to extend field from vector field to spinor field. The separated hyperplane is extended to Kolmogorov space in time series data which allow us to extend a structure of sup...
computer science
12,153
Linear Stochastic Approximation: Constant Step-Size and Iterate Averaging
cs.LG
We consider $d$-dimensional linear stochastic approximation algorithms (LSAs) with a constant step-size and the so called Polyak-Ruppert (PR) averaging of iterates. LSAs are widely applied in machine learning and reinforcement learning (RL), where the aim is to compute an appropriate $\theta_{*} \in \mathbb{R}^d$ (that...
computer science
12,154
EAD: Elastic-Net Attacks to Deep Neural Networks via Adversarial Examples
stat.ML
Recent studies have highlighted the vulnerability of deep neural networks (DNNs) to adversarial examples - a visually indistinguishable adversarial image can easily be crafted to cause a well-trained model to misclassify. Existing methods for crafting adversarial examples are based on $L_2$ and $L_\infty$ distortion me...
computer science
12,155
Asymptotic Bayesian Generalization Error in a General Stochastic Matrix Factorization for Markov Chain and Bayesian Network
math.ST
Stochastic matrix factorization (SMF) can be regarded as a restriction of non-negative matrix factorization (NMF). SMF is useful for inference of topic models, NMF for binary matrices data, Markov chains, and Bayesian networks. However, SMF needs strong assumptions to reach a unique factorization and its theoretical pr...
computer science
12,156
Generating Music Medleys via Playing Music Puzzle Games
stat.ML
Generating music medleys is about finding an optimal permutation of a given set of music clips. Toward this goal, we propose a self-supervised learning task, called the music puzzle game, to train neural network models to learn the sequential patterns in music. In essence, such a game requires machines to correctly sor...
computer science
12,157
Two-sample Statistics Based on Anisotropic Kernels
stat.ML
The paper introduces a new kernel-based Maximum Mean Discrepancy (MMD) statistic for measuring the distance between two distributions given finitely-many multivariate samples. When the distributions are locally low-dimensional, the proposed test can be made more powerful to distinguish certain alternatives by incorpora...
computer science
12,158
Optimal approximation of piecewise smooth functions using deep ReLU neural networks
math.FA
We study the necessary and sufficient complexity of ReLU neural networks-in terms of depth and number of weights-required for approximating classifier functions in an $L^2$-sense. As a model, we consider the set $\mathcal{E}^\beta (\mathbb{R}^d)$ of possibly discontinuous piecewise $C^\beta$ functions $f : [-1/2, 1/2...
computer science
12,159
Deep Scattering: Rendering Atmospheric Clouds with Radiance-Predicting Neural Networks
cs.LG
We present a technique for efficiently synthesizing images of atmospheric clouds using a combination of Monte Carlo integration and neural networks. The intricacies of Lorenz-Mie scattering and the high albedo of cloud-forming aerosols make rendering of clouds---e.g. the characteristic silverlining and the "whiteness" ...
computer science
12,160
Mitigating Evasion Attacks to Deep Neural Networks via Region-based Classification
cs.CR
Deep neural networks (DNNs) have transformed several artificial intelligence research areas including computer vision, speech recognition, and natural language processing. However, recent studies demonstrated that DNNs are vulnerable to adversarial manipulations at testing time. Specifically, suppose we have a testing ...
computer science
12,161
Adaptive Laplace Mechanism: Differential Privacy Preservation in Deep Learning
cs.CR
In this paper, we focus on developing a novel mechanism to preserve differential privacy in deep neural networks, such that: (1) The privacy budget consumption is totally independent of the number of training steps; (2) It has the ability to adaptively inject noise into features based on the contribution of each to the...
computer science
12,162
Learning Depth-Three Neural Networks in Polynomial Time
cs.DS
We give a polynomial-time algorithm for learning neural networks with one hidden layer of sigmoids feeding into any smooth, monotone activation function (e.g., sigmoid or ReLU). We make no assumptions on the structure of the network, and the algorithm succeeds with respect to {\em any} distribution on the unit ball in ...
computer science
12,163
Accurate Genomic Prediction Of Human Height
cs.LG
We construct genomic predictors for heritable and extremely complex human quantitative traits (height, heel bone density, and educational attainment) using modern methods in high dimensional statistics (i.e., machine learning). Replication tests show that these predictors capture, respectively, $\sim$40, 20, and 9 perc...
computer science
12,164
Distributed Training Large-Scale Deep Architectures
cs.DC
Scale of data and scale of computation infrastructures together enable the current deep learning renaissance. However, training large-scale deep architectures demands both algorithmic improvement and careful system configuration. In this paper, we focus on employing the system approach to speed up large-scale training....
computer science
12,165
An Attention-based Collaboration Framework for Multi-View Network Representation Learning
cs.SI
Learning distributed node representations in networks has been attracting increasing attention recently due to its effectiveness in a variety of applications. Existing approaches usually study networks with a single type of proximity between nodes, which defines a single view of a network. However, in reality there usu...
computer science
12,166
On the Design of LQR Kernels for Efficient Controller Learning
cs.SY
Finding optimal feedback controllers for nonlinear dynamic systems from data is hard. Recently, Bayesian optimization (BO) has been proposed as a powerful framework for direct controller tuning from experimental trials. For selecting the next query point and finding the global optimum, BO relies on a probabilistic desc...
computer science
12,167
Near Optimal Sketching of Low-Rank Tensor Regression
cs.LG
We study the least squares regression problem \begin{align*} \min_{\Theta \in \mathcal{S}_{\odot D,R}} \|A\Theta-b\|_2, \end{align*} where $\mathcal{S}_{\odot D,R}$ is the set of $\Theta$ for which $\Theta = \sum_{r=1}^{R} \theta_1^{(r)} \circ \cdots \circ \theta_D^{(r)}$ for vectors $\theta_d^{(r)} \in \mathbb{R}^{p_d...
computer science
12,168
Deep Recurrent NMF for Speech Separation by Unfolding Iterative Thresholding
cs.SD
In this paper, we propose a novel recurrent neural network architecture for speech separation. This architecture is constructed by unfolding the iterations of a sequential iterative soft-thresholding algorithm (ISTA) that solves the optimization problem for sparse nonnegative matrix factorization (NMF) of spectrograms....
computer science
12,169
GP-SUM. Gaussian Processes Filtering of non-Gaussian Beliefs
cs.RO
This work studies the problem of stochastic dynamic filtering and state propagation with complex beliefs. The main contribution is GP-SUM, a filtering algorithm tailored to dynamic systems and observation models expressed as Gaussian processes (GP), that does not rely on linearizations or unimodal Gaussian approximatio...
computer science
12,170
A Generative Model for Score Normalization in Speaker Recognition
stat.ML
We propose a theoretical framework for thinking about score normalization, which confirms that normalization is not needed under (admittedly fragile) ideal conditions. If, however, these conditions are not met, e.g. under data-set shift between training and runtime, our theory reveals dependencies between scores that c...
computer science
12,171
Sparse Hierarchical Regression with Polynomials
math.OC
We present a novel method for exact hierarchical sparse polynomial regression. Our regressor is that degree $r$ polynomial which depends on at most $k$ inputs, counting at most $\ell$ monomial terms, which minimizes the sum of the squares of its prediction errors. The previous hierarchical sparse specification aligns w...
computer science
12,172
Privacy Preserving Identification Using Sparse Approximation with Ambiguization
cs.CR
In this paper, we consider a privacy preserving encoding framework for identification applications covering biometrics, physical object security and the Internet of Things (IoT). The proposed framework is based on a sparsifying transform, which consists of a trained linear map, an element-wise nonlinearity, and privacy...
computer science
12,173
Toward Scalable Machine Learning and Data Mining: the Bioinformatics Case
cs.DC
In an effort to overcome the data deluge in computational biology and bioinformatics and to facilitate bioinformatics research in the era of big data, we identify some of the most influential algorithms that have been widely used in the bioinformatics community. These top data mining and machine learning algorithms cov...
computer science
12,174
A Versatile Approach to Evaluating and Testing Automated Vehicles based on Kernel Methods
cs.LG
Evaluation and validation of complicated control systems are crucial to guarantee usability and safety. Usually, failure happens in some very rarely encountered situations, but once triggered, the consequence is disastrous. Accelerated Evaluation is a methodology that efficiently tests those rarely-occurring yet critic...
computer science
12,175
Weighted-SVD: Matrix Factorization with Weights on the Latent Factors
cs.IR
The Matrix Factorization models, sometimes called the latent factor models, are a family of methods in the recommender system research area to (1) generate the latent factors for the users and the items and (2) predict users' ratings on items based on their latent factors. However, current Matrix Factorization models p...
computer science
12,176
Remote Sensing Image Classification with Large Scale Gaussian Processes
cs.LG
Current remote sensing image classification problems have to deal with an unprecedented amount of heterogeneous and complex data sources. Upcoming missions will soon provide large data streams that will make land cover/use classification difficult. Machine learning classifiers can help at this, and many methods are cur...
computer science
12,177
Online and Distributed Robust Regressions under Adversarial Data Corruption
cs.DS
In today's era of big data, robust least-squares regression becomes a more challenging problem when considering the adversarial corruption along with explosive growth of datasets. Traditional robust methods can handle the noise but suffer from several challenges when applied in huge dataset including 1) computational i...
computer science
12,178
Mean-field theory of input dimensionality reduction in unsupervised deep neural networks
cs.LG
Deep neural networks as powerful tools are widely used in various domains. However, the nature of computations at each layer of the deep networks is far from being well understood. Increasing the interpretability of deep neural networks is thus important. Here, we construct a mean-field framework to understand how comp...
computer science
12,179
Constructing multi-modality and multi-classifier radiomics predictive models through reliable classifier fusion
cs.LG
Radiomics aims to extract and analyze large numbers of quantitative features from medical images and is highly promising in staging, diagnosing, and predicting outcomes of cancer treatments. Nevertheless, several challenges need to be addressed to construct an optimal radiomics predictive model. First, the predictive p...
computer science
12,180
On the Sample Complexity of the Linear Quadratic Regulator
math.OC
This paper addresses the optimal control problem known as the Linear Quadratic Regulator in the case when the dynamics are unknown. We propose a multi-stage procedure, called Coarse-ID control, that estimates a model from a few experimental trials, estimates the error in that model with respect to the truth, and then d...
computer science
12,181
McDiarmid Drift Detection Methods for Evolving Data Streams
stat.ML
Increasingly, Internet of Things (IoT) domains, such as sensor networks, smart cities, and social networks, generate vast amounts of data. Such data are not only unbounded and rapidly evolving. Rather, the content thereof dynamically evolves over time, often in unforeseen ways. These variations are due to so-called con...
computer science
12,182
Reliable Learning of Bernoulli Mixture Models
cs.LG
In this paper, we have derived a set of sufficient conditions for reliable clustering of data produced by Bernoulli Mixture Models (BMM), when the number of clusters is unknown. A BMM refers to a random binary vector whose components are independent Bernoulli trials with cluster-specific frequencies. The problem of clu...
computer science
12,183
Accumulated Gradient Normalization
stat.ML
This work addresses the instability in asynchronous data parallel optimization. It does so by introducing a novel distributed optimizer which is able to efficiently optimize a centralized model under communication constraints. The optimizer achieves this by pushing a normalized sequence of first-order gradients to a pa...
computer science
12,184
Machine Learning for Drug Overdose Surveillance
cs.CY
We describe two recently proposed machine learning approaches for discovering emerging trends in fatal accidental drug overdoses. The Gaussian Process Subset Scan enables early detection of emerging patterns in spatio-temporal data, accounting for both the non-iid nature of the data and the fact that detecting subtle p...
computer science
12,185
Beyond Log-concavity: Provable Guarantees for Sampling Multi-modal Distributions using Simulated Tempering Langevin Monte Carlo
cs.LG
A key task in Bayesian statistics is sampling from distributions that are only specified up to a partition function (i.e., constant of proportionality). However, without any assumptions, sampling (even approximately) can be #P-hard, and few works have provided "beyond worst-case" guarantees for such settings. For log...
computer science
12,186
Structural Feature Selection for Event Logs
cs.LG
We consider the problem of classifying business process instances based on structural features derived from event logs. The main motivation is to provide machine learning based techniques with quick response times for interactive computer assisted root cause analysis. In particular, we create structural features from p...
computer science
12,187
Network Embedding as Matrix Factorization: Unifying DeepWalk, LINE, PTE, and node2vec
cs.SI
Since the invention of word2vec, the skip-gram model has significantly advanced the research of network embedding, such as the recent emergence of the DeepWalk, LINE, PTE, and node2vec approaches. In this work, we show that all of the aforementioned models with negative sampling can be unified into the matrix factoriza...
computer science
12,188
CTD: Fast, Accurate, and Interpretable Method for Static and Dynamic Tensor Decompositions
cs.NA
How can we find patterns and anomalies in a tensor, or multi-dimensional array, in an efficient and directly interpretable way? How can we do this in an online environment, where a new tensor arrives each time step? Finding patterns and anomalies in a tensor is a crucial problem with many applications, including buildi...
computer science
12,189
High-dimensional dynamics of generalization error in neural networks
stat.ML
We perform an average case analysis of the generalization dynamics of large neural networks trained using gradient descent. We study the practically-relevant "high-dimensional" regime where the number of free parameters in the network is on the order of or even larger than the number of examples in the dataset. Using r...
computer science
12,190
Adaptive multi-penalty regularization based on a generalized Lasso path
stat.ML
For many algorithms, parameter tuning remains a challenging and critical task, which becomes tedious and infeasible in a multi-parameter setting. Multi-penalty regularization, successfully used for solving undetermined sparse regression of problems of unmixing type where signal and noise are additively mixed, is one of...
computer science
12,191
Maximum Margin Interval Trees
stat.ML
Learning a regression function using censored or interval-valued output data is an important problem in fields such as genomics and medicine. The goal is to learn a real-valued prediction function, and the training output labels indicate an interval of possible values. Whereas most existing algorithms for this task are...
computer science
12,192
Local Convergence of Proximal Splitting Methods for Rank Constrained Problems
math.OC
We analyze the local convergence of proximal splitting algorithms to solve optimization problems that are convex besides a rank constraint. For this, we show conditions under which the proximal operator of a function involving the rank constraint is locally identical to the proximal operator of its convex envelope, hen...
computer science
12,193
Improved Coresets for Kernel Density Estimates
cs.LG
We study the construction of coresets for kernel density estimates. That is we show how to approximate the kernel density estimate described by a large point set with another kernel density estimate with a much smaller point set. For characteristic kernels (including Gaussian and Laplace kernels), our approximation pre...
computer science
12,194
Learning Koopman Invariant Subspaces for Dynamic Mode Decomposition
cs.LG
Spectral decomposition of the Koopman operator is attracting attention as a tool for the analysis of nonlinear dynamical systems. Dynamic mode decomposition is a popular numerical algorithm for Koopman spectral analysis; however, we often need to prepare nonlinear observables manually according to the underlying dynami...
computer science
12,195
An Improved Naive Bayes Classifier-based Noise Detection Technique for Classifying User Phone Call Behavior
cs.LG
The presence of noisy instances in mobile phone data is a fundamental issue for classifying user phone call behavior (i.e., accept, reject, missed and outgoing), with many potential negative consequences. The classification accuracy may decrease and the complexity of the classifiers may increase due to the number of re...
computer science
12,196
Additivity of Information in Multilayer Networks via Additive Gaussian Noise Transforms
cs.IT
Multilayer (or deep) networks are powerful probabilistic models based on multiple stages of a linear transform followed by a non-linear (possibly random) function. In general, the linear transforms are defined by matrices and the non-linear functions are defined by information channels. These models have gained great p...
computer science
12,197
On the Runtime-Efficacy Trade-off of Anomaly Detection Techniques for Real-Time Streaming Data
stat.ML
Ever growing volume and velocity of data coupled with decreasing attention span of end users underscore the critical need for real-time analytics. In this regard, anomaly detection plays a key role as an application as well as a means to verify data fidelity. Although the subject of anomaly detection has been researche...
computer science
12,198
User Modelling for Avoiding Overfitting in Interactive Knowledge Elicitation for Prediction
cs.HC
In human-in-the-loop machine learning, the user provides information beyond that in the training data. Many algorithms and user interfaces have been designed to optimize and facilitate this human--machine interaction; however, fewer studies have addressed the potential defects the designs can cause. Effective interacti...
computer science
12,199
Potential Conditional Mutual Information: Estimators, Properties and Applications
cs.IT
The conditional mutual information I(X;Y|Z) measures the average information that X and Y contain about each other given Z. This is an important primitive in many learning problems including conditional independence testing, graphical model inference, causal strength estimation and time-series problems. In several appl...
computer science
12,200
Automated Scalable Bayesian Inference via Hilbert Coresets
stat.ML
The automation of posterior inference in Bayesian data analysis has enabled experts and nonexperts alike to use more sophisticated models, engage in faster exploratory modeling and analysis, and ensure experimental reproducibility. However, standard automated posterior inference algorithms are not tractable at the scal...
computer science