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17,002
Men Are from Mars, Women Are from Venus: Evaluation and Modelling of Verbal Associations
cs.CL
We present a quantitative analysis of human word association pairs and study the types of relations presented in the associations. We put our main focus on the correlation between response types and respondent characteristics such as occupation and gender by contrasting syntagmatic and paradigmatic associations. Finall...
computer science
17,003
Enforcing Constraints on Outputs with Unconstrained Inference
cs.CL
Increasingly, practitioners apply neural networks to complex problems in natural language processing (NLP), such as syntactic parsing, that have rich output structures. Many such applications require deterministic constraints on the output values; for example, requiring that the sequential outputs encode a valid tree. ...
computer science
17,004
Temporal dynamics of semantic relations in word embeddings: an application to predicting armed conflict participants
cs.CL
This paper deals with using word embedding models to trace the temporal dynamics of semantic relations between pairs of words. The set-up is similar to the well-known analogies task, but expanded with a time dimension. To this end, we apply incremental updating of the models with new training texts, including increment...
computer science
17,005
Determining Semantic Textual Similarity using Natural Deduction Proofs
cs.CL
Determining semantic textual similarity is a core research subject in natural language processing. Since vector-based models for sentence representation often use shallow information, capturing accurate semantics is difficult. By contrast, logical semantic representations capture deeper levels of sentence semantics, bu...
computer science
17,006
Detecting and Explaining Causes From Text For a Time Series Event
cs.CL
Explaining underlying causes or effects about events is a challenging but valuable task. We define a novel problem of generating explanations of a time series event by (1) searching cause and effect relationships of the time series with textual data and (2) constructing a connecting chain between them to generate an ex...
computer science
17,007
Strawman: an Ensemble of Deep Bag-of-Ngrams for Sentiment Analysis
cs.CL
This paper describes a builder entry, named "strawman", to the sentence-level sentiment analysis task of the "Build It, Break It" shared task of the First Workshop on Building Linguistically Generalizable NLP Systems. The goal of a builder is to provide an automated sentiment analyzer that would serve as a target for b...
computer science
17,008
Effective Inference for Generative Neural Parsing
cs.CL
Generative neural models have recently achieved state-of-the-art results for constituency parsing. However, without a feasible search procedure, their use has so far been limited to reranking the output of external parsers in which decoding is more tractable. We describe an alternative to the conventional action-level ...
computer science
17,009
ASDA : Analyseur Syntaxique du Dialecte Alg{é}rien dans un but d'analyse s{é}mantique
cs.CL
Opinion mining and sentiment analysis in social media is a research issue having a great interest in the scientific community. However, before begin this analysis, we are faced with a set of problems. In particular, the problem of the richness of languages and dialects within these media. To address this problem, we pr...
computer science
17,010
Adapting Sequence Models for Sentence Correction
cs.CL
In a controlled experiment of sequence-to-sequence approaches for the task of sentence correction, we find that character-based models are generally more effective than word-based models and models that encode subword information via convolutions, and that modeling the output data as a series of diffs improves effectiv...
computer science
17,011
Learning to Predict Charges for Criminal Cases with Legal Basis
cs.CL
The charge prediction task is to determine appropriate charges for a given case, which is helpful for legal assistant systems where the user input is fact description. We argue that relevant law articles play an important role in this task, and therefore propose an attention-based neural network method to jointly model...
computer science
17,012
Improving coreference resolution with automatically predicted prosodic information
cs.CL
Adding manually annotated prosodic information, specifically pitch accents and phrasing, to the typical text-based feature set for coreference resolution has previously been shown to have a positive effect on German data. Practical applications on spoken language, however, would rely on automatically predicted prosodic...
computer science
17,013
Online Deception Detection Refueled by Real World Data Collection
cs.CL
The lack of large realistic datasets presents a bottleneck in online deception detection studies. In this paper, we apply a data collection method based on social network analysis to quickly identify high-quality deceptive and truthful online reviews from Amazon. The dataset contains more than 10,000 deceptive reviews ...
computer science
17,014
A Weakly Supervised Approach to Train Temporal Relation Classifiers and Acquire Regular Event Pairs Simultaneously
cs.CL
Capabilities of detecting temporal relations between two events can benefit many applications. Most of existing temporal relation classifiers were trained in a supervised manner. Instead, we explore the observation that regular event pairs show a consistent temporal relation despite of their various contexts, and these...
computer science
17,015
Bilingual Document Alignment with Latent Semantic Indexing
cs.CL
We apply cross-lingual Latent Semantic Indexing to the Bilingual Document Alignment Task at WMT16. Reduced-rank singular value decomposition of a bilingual term-document matrix derived from known English/French page pairs in the training data allows us to map monolingual documents into a joint semantic space. Two varia...
computer science
17,016
Sentiment Analysis on Financial News Headlines using Training Dataset Augmentation
cs.CL
This paper discusses the approach taken by the UWaterloo team to arrive at a solution for the Fine-Grained Sentiment Analysis problem posed by Task 5 of SemEval 2017. The paper describes the document vectorization and sentiment score prediction techniques used, as well as the design and implementation decisions taken w...
computer science
17,017
Curriculum Learning and Minibatch Bucketing in Neural Machine Translation
cs.CL
We examine the effects of particular orderings of sentence pairs on the on-line training of neural machine translation (NMT). We focus on two types of such orderings: (1) ensuring that each minibatch contains sentences similar in some aspect and (2) gradual inclusion of some sentence types as the training progresses (s...
computer science
17,018
Learning Language Representations for Typology Prediction
cs.CL
One central mystery of neural NLP is what neural models "know" about their subject matter. When a neural machine translation system learns to translate from one language to another, does it learn the syntax or semantics of the languages? Can this knowledge be extracted from the system to fill holes in human scientific ...
computer science
17,019
Joint Named Entity Recognition and Stance Detection in Tweets
cs.CL
Named entity recognition (NER) is a well-established task of information extraction which has been studied for decades. More recently, studies reporting NER experiments on social media texts have emerged. On the other hand, stance detection is a considerably new research topic usually considered within the scope of sen...
computer science
17,020
Skill2vec: Machine Learning Approaches for Determining the Relevant Skill from Job Description
cs.CL
Un-supervise learned word embeddings have seen tremendous success in numerous Natural Language Processing (NLP) tasks in recent years. The main contribution of this paper is to develop a technique called Skill2vec, which applies machine learning techniques in recruitment to enhance the search strategy to find the candi...
computer science
17,021
Low-Resource Neural Headline Generation
cs.CL
Recent neural headline generation models have shown great results, but are generally trained on very large datasets. We focus our efforts on improving headline quality on smaller datasets by the means of pretraining. We propose new methods that enable pre-training all the parameters of the model and utilize all availab...
computer science
17,022
Combining Thesaurus Knowledge and Probabilistic Topic Models
cs.CL
In this paper we present the approach of introducing thesaurus knowledge into probabilistic topic models. The main idea of the approach is based on the assumption that the frequencies of semantically related words and phrases, which are met in the same texts, should be enhanced: this action leads to their larger contri...
computer science
17,023
Linguistically Motivated Vocabulary Reduction for Neural Machine Translation from Turkish to English
cs.CL
The necessity of using a fixed-size word vocabulary in order to control the model complexity in state-of-the-art neural machine translation (NMT) systems is an important bottleneck on performance, especially for morphologically rich languages. Conventional methods that aim to overcome this problem by using sub-word or ...
computer science
17,024
Regularization techniques for fine-tuning in neural machine translation
cs.CL
We investigate techniques for supervised domain adaptation for neural machine translation where an existing model trained on a large out-of-domain dataset is adapted to a small in-domain dataset. In this scenario, overfitting is a major challenge. We investigate a number of techniques to reduce overfitting and improve ...
computer science
17,025
SemEval-2017 Task 1: Semantic Textual Similarity - Multilingual and Cross-lingual Focused Evaluation
cs.CL
Semantic Textual Similarity (STS) measures the meaning similarity of sentences. Applications include machine translation (MT), summarization, generation, question answering (QA), short answer grading, semantic search, dialog and conversational systems. The STS shared task is a venue for assessing the current state-of-t...
computer science
17,026
The Code2Text Challenge: Text Generation in Source Code Libraries
cs.CL
We propose a new shared task for tactical data-to-text generation in the domain of source code libraries. Specifically, we focus on text generation of function descriptions from example software projects. Data is drawn from existing resources used for studying the related problem of semantic parser induction (Richardso...
computer science
17,027
Enhancing the Input Representation: From Complexity to Simplicity
cs.CL
We introduce an efficient algorithm for mining informative combinations of attribute-values for a given task. We use informative attribute-values to enhance the input representation of data. We apply our approach to coreference resolution using a simple set of attributes like syntactic roles and string match. With the ...
computer science
17,028
An Investigation into the Pedagogical Features of Documents
cs.CL
Characterizing the content of a technical document in terms of its learning utility can be useful for applications related to education, such as generating reading lists from large collections of documents. We refer to this learning utility as the "pedagogical value" of the document to the learner. While pedagogical va...
computer science
17,029
Improving Part-of-Speech Tagging for NLP Pipelines
cs.CL
This paper outlines the results of sentence level linguistics based rules for improving part-of-speech tagging. It is well known that the performance of complex NLP systems is negatively affected if one of the preliminary stages is less than perfect. Errors in the initial stages in the pipeline have a snowballing effec...
computer science
17,030
A Continuously Growing Dataset of Sentential Paraphrases
cs.CL
A major challenge in paraphrase research is the lack of parallel corpora. In this paper, we present a new method to collect large-scale sentential paraphrases from Twitter by linking tweets through shared URLs. The main advantage of our method is its simplicity, as it gets rid of the classifier or human in the loop nee...
computer science
17,031
A Generative Parser with a Discriminative Recognition Algorithm
cs.CL
Generative models defining joint distributions over parse trees and sentences are useful for parsing and language modeling, but impose restrictions on the scope of features and are often outperformed by discriminative models. We propose a framework for parsing and language modeling which marries a generative model with...
computer science
17,032
Deriving Verb Predicates By Clustering Verbs with Arguments
cs.CL
Hand-built verb clusters such as the widely used Levin classes (Levin, 1993) have proved useful, but have limited coverage. Verb classes automatically induced from corpus data such as those from VerbKB (Wijaya, 2016), on the other hand, can give clusters with much larger coverage, and can be adapted to specific corpora...
computer science
17,033
Low-Rank Hidden State Embeddings for Viterbi Sequence Labeling
cs.CL
In textual information extraction and other sequence labeling tasks it is now common to use recurrent neural networks (such as LSTM) to form rich embedded representations of long-term input co-occurrence patterns. Representation of output co-occurrence patterns is typically limited to a hand-designed graphical model, s...
computer science
17,034
Analyzing Neural MT Search and Model Performance
cs.CL
In this paper, we offer an in-depth analysis about the modeling and search performance. We address the question if a more complex search algorithm is necessary. Furthermore, we investigate the question if more complex models which might only be applicable during rescoring are promising. By separating the search space...
computer science
17,035
Dynamic Data Selection for Neural Machine Translation
cs.CL
Intelligent selection of training data has proven a successful technique to simultaneously increase training efficiency and translation performance for phrase-based machine translation (PBMT). With the recent increase in popularity of neural machine translation (NMT), we explore in this paper to what extent and how NMT...
computer science
17,036
The University of Edinburgh's Neural MT Systems for WMT17
cs.CL
This paper describes the University of Edinburgh's submissions to the WMT17 shared news translation and biomedical translation tasks. We participated in 12 translation directions for news, translating between English and Czech, German, Latvian, Russian, Turkish and Chinese. For the biomedical task we submitted systems ...
computer science
17,037
Combining Generative and Discriminative Approaches to Unsupervised Dependency Parsing via Dual Decomposition
cs.CL
Unsupervised dependency parsing aims to learn a dependency parser from unannotated sentences. Existing work focuses on either learning generative models using the expectation-maximization algorithm and its variants, or learning discriminative models using the discriminative clustering algorithm. In this paper, we propo...
computer science
17,038
Dependency Grammar Induction with Neural Lexicalization and Big Training Data
cs.CL
We study the impact of big models (in terms of the degree of lexicalization) and big data (in terms of the training corpus size) on dependency grammar induction. We experimented with L-DMV, a lexicalized version of Dependency Model with Valence and L-NDMV, our lexicalized extension of the Neural Dependency Model with V...
computer science
17,039
Enterprise to Computer: Star Trek chatbot
cs.CL
Human interactions and human-computer interactions are strongly influenced by style as well as content. Adding a persona to a chatbot makes it more human-like and contributes to a better and more engaging user experience. In this work, we propose a design for a chatbot that captures the "style" of Star Trek by incorpor...
computer science
17,040
Towards Semantic Modeling of Contradictions and Disagreements: A Case Study of Medical Guidelines
cs.CL
We introduce a formal distinction between contradictions and disagreements in natural language texts, motivated by the need to formally reason about contradictory medical guidelines. This is a novel and potentially very useful distinction, and has not been discussed so far in NLP and logic. We also describe a NLP syste...
computer science
17,041
Domain Aware Neural Dialog System
cs.CL
We investigate the task of building a domain aware chat system which generates intelligent responses in a conversation comprising of different domains. The domain, in this case, is the topic or theme of the conversation. To achieve this, we present DOM-Seq2Seq, a domain aware neural network model based on the novel tec...
computer science
17,042
Exploiting Linguistic Resources for Neural Machine Translation Using Multi-task Learning
cs.CL
Linguistic resources such as part-of-speech (POS) tags have been extensively used in statistical machine translation (SMT) frameworks and have yielded better performances. However, usage of such linguistic annotations in neural machine translation (NMT) systems has been left under-explored. In this work, we show that...
computer science
17,043
CRF Autoencoder for Unsupervised Dependency Parsing
cs.CL
Unsupervised dependency parsing, which tries to discover linguistic dependency structures from unannotated data, is a very challenging task. Almost all previous work on this task focuses on learning generative models. In this paper, we develop an unsupervised dependency parsing model based on the CRF autoencoder. The e...
computer science
17,044
Recurrent Neural Network-Based Sentence Encoder with Gated Attention for Natural Language Inference
cs.CL
The RepEval 2017 Shared Task aims to evaluate natural language understanding models for sentence representation, in which a sentence is represented as a fixed-length vector with neural networks and the quality of the representation is tested with a natural language inference task. This paper describes our system (alpha...
computer science
17,045
Massively Multilingual Neural Grapheme-to-Phoneme Conversion
cs.CL
Grapheme-to-phoneme conversion (g2p) is necessary for text-to-speech and automatic speech recognition systems. Most g2p systems are monolingual: they require language-specific data or handcrafting of rules. Such systems are difficult to extend to low resource languages, for which data and handcrafted rules are not avai...
computer science
17,046
Predicting the Law Area and Decisions of French Supreme Court Cases
cs.CL
In this paper, we investigate the application of text classification methods to predict the law area and the decision of cases judged by the French Supreme Court. We also investigate the influence of the time period in which a ruling was made over the textual form of the case description and the extent to which it is n...
computer science
17,047
Automatic Question-Answering Using A Deep Similarity Neural Network
cs.CL
Automatic question-answering is a classical problem in natural language processing, which aims at designing systems that can automatically answer a question, in the same way as human does. In this work, we propose a deep learning based model for automatic question-answering. First the questions and answers are embedded...
computer science
17,048
Referenceless Quality Estimation for Natural Language Generation
cs.CL
Traditional automatic evaluation measures for natural language generation (NLG) use costly human-authored references to estimate the quality of a system output. In this paper, we propose a referenceless quality estimation (QE) approach based on recurrent neural networks, which predicts a quality score for a NLG system ...
computer science
17,049
A Syllable-based Technique for Word Embeddings of Korean Words
cs.CL
Word embedding has become a fundamental component to many NLP tasks such as named entity recognition and machine translation. However, popular models that learn such embeddings are unaware of the morphology of words, so it is not directly applicable to highly agglutinative languages such as Korean. We propose a syllabl...
computer science
17,050
Extractive Multi Document Summarization using Dynamical Measurements of Complex Networks
cs.CL
Due to the large amount of textual information available on Internet, it is of paramount relevance to use techniques that find relevant and concise content. A typical task devoted to the identification of informative sentences in documents is the so called extractive document summarization task. In this paper, we use c...
computer science
17,051
Neural Machine Translation with Word Predictions
cs.CL
In the encoder-decoder architecture for neural machine translation (NMT), the hidden states of the recurrent structures in the encoder and decoder carry the crucial information about the sentence.These vectors are generated by parameters which are updated by back-propagation of translation errors through time. We argue...
computer science
17,052
A Comparison of Neural Models for Word Ordering
cs.CL
We compare several language models for the word-ordering task and propose a new bag-to-sequence neural model based on attention-based sequence-to-sequence models. We evaluate the model on a large German WMT data set where it significantly outperforms existing models. We also describe a novel search strategy for LM-base...
computer science
17,053
Translating Phrases in Neural Machine Translation
cs.CL
Phrases play an important role in natural language understanding and machine translation (Sag et al., 2002; Villavicencio et al., 2005). However, it is difficult to integrate them into current neural machine translation (NMT) which reads and generates sentences word by word. In this work, we propose a method to transla...
computer science
17,054
Memory-augmented Neural Machine Translation
cs.CL
Neural machine translation (NMT) has achieved notable success in recent times, however it is also widely recognized that this approach has limitations with handling infrequent words and word pairs. This paper presents a novel memory-augmented NMT (M-NMT) architecture, which stores knowledge about how words (usually inf...
computer science
17,055
ISS-MULT: Intelligent Sample Selection for Multi-Task Learning in Question Answering
cs.CL
Transferring knowledge from a source domain to another domain is useful, especially when gathering new data is very expensive and time-consuming. Deep networks have been well-studied for question answering tasks in recent years; however, no prominent research for transfer learning through deep neural networks exists in...
computer science
17,056
Corpus-level Fine-grained Entity Typing
cs.CL
This paper addresses the problem of corpus-level entity typing, i.e., inferring from a large corpus that an entity is a member of a class such as "food" or "artist". The application of entity typing we are interested in is knowledge base completion, specifically, to learn which classes an entity is a member of. We prop...
computer science
17,057
Mining fine-grained opinions on closed captions of YouTube videos with an attention-RNN
cs.CL
Video reviews are the natural evolution of written product reviews. In this paper we target this phenomenon and introduce the first dataset created from closed captions of YouTube product review videos as well as a new attention-RNN model for aspect extraction and joint aspect extraction and sentiment classification. O...
computer science
17,058
Neural-based Context Representation Learning for Dialog Act Classification
cs.CL
We explore context representation learning methods in neural-based models for dialog act classification. We propose and compare extensively different methods which combine recurrent neural network architectures and attention mechanisms (AMs) at different context levels. Our experimental results on two benchmark dataset...
computer science
17,059
Recent Trends in Deep Learning Based Natural Language Processing
cs.CL
Deep learning methods employ multiple processing layers to learn hierarchical representations of data, and have produced state-of-the-art results in many domains. Recently, a variety of model designs and methods have blossomed in the context of natural language processing (NLP). In this paper, we review significant dee...
computer science
17,060
Identifying Reference Spans: Topic Modeling and Word Embeddings help IR
cs.CL
The CL-SciSumm 2016 shared task introduced an interesting problem: given a document D and a piece of text that cites D, how do we identify the text spans of D being referenced by the piece of text? The shared task provided the first annotated dataset for studying this problem. We present an analysis of our continued wo...
computer science
17,061
Location Name Extraction from Targeted Text Streams using Gazetteer-based Statistical Language Models
cs.CL
Extracting location names from informal and unstructured texts requires the identification of referent boundaries and partitioning of compound names in the presence of variation in location referents. Instead of analyzing semantic, syntactic, and/or orthographic features, our Location Name Extraction tool (LNEx) exploi...
computer science
17,062
Towards Neural Speaker Modeling in Multi-Party Conversation: The Task, Dataset, and Models
cs.CL
Neural network-based dialog systems are attracting increasing attention in both academia and industry. Recently, researchers have begun to realize the importance of speaker modeling in neural dialog systems, but there lacks established tasks and datasets. In this paper, we propose speaker classification as a surrogate ...
computer science
17,063
Neural and Statistical Methods for Leveraging Meta-information in Machine Translation
cs.CL
In this paper, we discuss different methods which use meta information and richer context that may accompany source language input to improve machine translation quality. We focus on category information of input text as meta information, but the proposed methods can be extended to all textual and non-textual meta info...
computer science
17,064
Neural Machine Translation Leveraging Phrase-based Models in a Hybrid Search
cs.CL
In this paper, we introduce a hybrid search for attention-based neural machine translation (NMT). A target phrase learned with statistical MT models extends a hypothesis in the NMT beam search when the attention of the NMT model focuses on the source words translated by this phrase. Phrases added in this way are scored...
computer science
17,065
Radical-level Ideograph Encoder for RNN-based Sentiment Analysis of Chinese and Japanese
cs.CL
The character vocabulary can be very large in non-alphabetic languages such as Chinese and Japanese, which makes neural network models huge to process such languages. We explored a model for sentiment classification that takes the embeddings of the radicals of the Chinese characters, i.e, hanzi of Chinese and kanji of ...
computer science
17,066
Making Sense of Word Embeddings
cs.CL
We present a simple yet effective approach for learning word sense embeddings. In contrast to existing techniques, which either directly learn sense representations from corpora or rely on sense inventories from lexical resources, our approach can induce a sense inventory from existing word embeddings via clustering of...
computer science
17,067
N-gram and Neural Language Models for Discriminating Similar Languages
cs.CL
This paper describes our submission (named clac) to the 2016 Discriminating Similar Languages (DSL) shared task. We participated in the closed Sub-task 1 (Set A) with two separate machine learning techniques. The first approach is a character based Convolution Neural Network with a bidirectional long short term memory ...
computer science
17,068
Argument Labeling of Explicit Discourse Relations using LSTM Neural Networks
cs.CL
Argument labeling of explicit discourse relations is a challenging task. The state of the art systems achieve slightly above 55% F-measure but require hand-crafted features. In this paper, we propose a Long Short Term Memory (LSTM) based model for argument labeling. We experimented with multiple configurations of our m...
computer science
17,069
What matters in a transferable neural network model for relation classification in the biomedical domain?
cs.CL
Lack of sufficient labeled data often limits the applicability of advanced machine learning algorithms to real life problems. However efficient use of Transfer Learning (TL) has been shown to be very useful across domains. TL utilizes valuable knowledge learned in one task (source task), where sufficient data is availa...
computer science
17,070
Unified Neural Architecture for Drug, Disease and Clinical Entity Recognition
cs.CL
Most existing methods for biomedical entity recognition task rely on explicit feature engineering where many features either are specific to a particular task or depends on output of other existing NLP tools. Neural architectures have been shown across various domains that efforts for explicit feature design can be red...
computer science
17,071
Break it Down for Me: A Study in Automated Lyric Annotation
cs.CL
Comprehending lyrics, as found in songs and poems, can pose a challenge to human and machine readers alike. This motivates the need for systems that can understand the ambiguity and jargon found in such creative texts, and provide commentary to aid readers in reaching the correct interpretation. We introduce the task o...
computer science
17,072
Automatic Identification of AltLexes using Monolingual Parallel Corpora
cs.CL
The automatic identification of discourse relations is still a challenging task in natural language processing. Discourse connectives, such as "since" or "but", are the most informative cues to identify explicit relations; however discourse parsers typically use a closed inventory of such connectives. As a result, disc...
computer science
17,073
Simple and Effective Dimensionality Reduction for Word Embeddings
cs.CL
Word embeddings have become the basic building blocks for several natural language processing and information retrieval tasks. Pre-trained word embeddings are used in several downstream applications as well as for constructing representations for sentences, paragraphs and documents. Recently, there has been an emphasis...
computer science
17,074
Emotion Intensities in Tweets
cs.CL
This paper examines the task of detecting intensity of emotion from text. We create the first datasets of tweets annotated for anger, fear, joy, and sadness intensities. We use a technique called best--worst scaling (BWS) that improves annotation consistency and obtains reliable fine-grained scores. We show that emotio...
computer science
17,075
Improved Abusive Comment Moderation with User Embeddings
cs.CL
Experimenting with a dataset of approximately 1.6M user comments from a Greek news sports portal, we explore how a state of the art RNN-based moderation method can be improved by adding user embeddings, user type embeddings, user biases, or user type biases. We observe improvements in all cases, with user embeddings le...
computer science
17,076
WASSA-2017 Shared Task on Emotion Intensity
cs.CL
We present the first shared task on detecting the intensity of emotion felt by the speaker of a tweet. We create the first datasets of tweets annotated for anger, fear, joy, and sadness intensities using a technique called best--worst scaling (BWS). We show that the annotations lead to reliable fine-grained intensity s...
computer science
17,077
Cross-Sentence N-ary Relation Extraction with Graph LSTMs
cs.CL
Past work in relation extraction has focused on binary relations in single sentences. Recent NLP inroads in high-value domains have sparked interest in the more general setting of extracting n-ary relations that span multiple sentences. In this paper, we explore a general relation extraction framework based on graph lo...
computer science
17,078
Towards Speech Emotion Recognition "in the wild" using Aggregated Corpora and Deep Multi-Task Learning
cs.CL
One of the challenges in Speech Emotion Recognition (SER) "in the wild" is the large mismatch between training and test data (e.g. speakers and tasks). In order to improve the generalisation capabilities of the emotion models, we propose to use Multi-Task Learning (MTL) and use gender and naturalness as auxiliary tasks...
computer science
17,079
Emotion Detection on TV Show Transcripts with Sequence-based Convolutional Neural Networks
cs.CL
While there have been significant advances in detecting emotions from speech and image recognition, emotion detection on text is still under-explored and remained as an active research field. This paper introduces a corpus for text-based emotion detection on multiparty dialogue as well as deep neural models that outper...
computer science
17,080
Fluency-Guided Cross-Lingual Image Captioning
cs.CL
Image captioning has so far been explored mostly in English, as most available datasets are in this language. However, the application of image captioning should not be restricted by language. Only few studies have been conducted for image captioning in a cross-lingual setting. Different from these works that manually ...
computer science
17,081
Comparison of Decoding Strategies for CTC Acoustic Models
cs.CL
Connectionist Temporal Classification has recently attracted a lot of interest as it offers an elegant approach to building acoustic models (AMs) for speech recognition. The CTC loss function maps an input sequence of observable feature vectors to an output sequence of symbols. Output symbols are conditionally independ...
computer science
17,082
Statistical Vs Rule Based Machine Translation; A Case Study on Indian Language Perspective
cs.CL
In this paper we present our work on a case study between Statistical Machien Transaltion (SMT) and Rule-Based Machine Translation (RBMT) systems on English-Indian langugae and Indian to Indian langugae perspective. Main objective of our study is to make a five way performance compariosn; such as, a) SMT and RBMT b) SM...
computer science
17,083
Evaluating Word Embeddings for Sentence Boundary Detection in Speech Transcripts
cs.CL
This paper is motivated by the automation of neuropsychological tests involving discourse analysis in the retellings of narratives by patients with potential cognitive impairment. In this scenario the task of sentence boundary detection in speech transcripts is important as discourse analysis involves the application o...
computer science
17,084
Learning Chinese Word Representations From Glyphs Of Characters
cs.CL
In this paper, we propose new methods to learn Chinese word representations. Chinese characters are composed of graphical components, which carry rich semantics. It is common for a Chinese learner to comprehend the meaning of a word from these graphical components. As a result, we propose models that enhance word repre...
computer science
17,085
Dialogue Act Segmentation for Vietnamese Human-Human Conversational Texts
cs.CL
Dialog act identification plays an important role in understanding conversations. It has been widely applied in many fields such as dialogue systems, automatic machine translation, automatic speech recognition, and especially useful in systems with human-computer natural language dialogue interfaces such as virtual ass...
computer science
17,086
Natural Language Processing: State of The Art, Current Trends and Challenges
cs.CL
Natural language processing (NLP) has recently gained much attention for representing and analysing human language computationally. It has spread its applications in various fields such as machine translation, email spam detection, information extraction, summarization, medical, and question answering etc. The paper di...
computer science
17,087
Towards Syntactic Iberian Polarity Classification
cs.CL
Lexicon-based methods using syntactic rules for polarity classification rely on parsers that are dependent on the language and on treebank guidelines. Thus, rules are also dependent and require adaptation, especially in multilingual scenarios. We tackle this challenge in the context of the Iberian Peninsula, releasing ...
computer science
17,088
Simple Open Stance Classification for Rumour Analysis
cs.CL
Stance classification determines the attitude, or stance, in a (typically short) text. The task has powerful applications, such as the detection of fake news or the automatic extraction of attitudes toward entities or events in the media. This paper describes a surprisingly simple and efficient classification approach ...
computer science
17,089
An Annotated Corpus of Relational Strategies in Customer Service
cs.CL
We create and release the first publicly available commercial customer service corpus with annotated relational segments. Human-computer data from three live customer service Intelligent Virtual Agents (IVAs) in the domains of travel and telecommunications were collected, and reviewers marked all text that was deemed u...
computer science
17,090
Large-Scale Domain Adaptation via Teacher-Student Learning
cs.CL
High accuracy speech recognition requires a large amount of transcribed data for supervised training. In the absence of such data, domain adaptation of a well-trained acoustic model can be performed, but even here, high accuracy usually requires significant labeled data from the target domain. In this work, we propose ...
computer science
17,091
A Question Answering Approach to Emotion Cause Extraction
cs.CL
Emotion cause extraction aims to identify the reasons behind a certain emotion expressed in text. It is a much more difficult task compared to emotion classification. Inspired by recent advances in using deep memory networks for question answering (QA), we propose a new approach which considers emotion cause identifica...
computer science
17,092
Syllable-level Neural Language Model for Agglutinative Language
cs.CL
Language models for agglutinative languages have always been hindered in past due to myriad of agglutinations possible to any given word through various affixes. We propose a method to diminish the problem of out-of-vocabulary words by introducing an embedding derived from syllables and morphemes which leverages the ag...
computer science
17,093
EmoAtt at EmoInt-2017: Inner attention sentence embedding for Emotion Intensity
cs.CL
In this paper we describe a deep learning system that has been designed and built for the WASSA 2017 Emotion Intensity Shared Task. We introduce a representation learning approach based on inner attention on top of an RNN. Results show that our model offers good capabilities and is able to successfully identify emotion...
computer science
17,094
Assessing the Stylistic Properties of Neurally Generated Text in Authorship Attribution
cs.CL
Recent applications of neural language models have led to an increased interest in the automatic generation of natural language. However impressive, the evaluation of neurally generated text has so far remained rather informal and anecdotal. Here, we present an attempt at the systematic assessment of one aspect of the ...
computer science
17,095
Agree to Disagree: Improving Disagreement Detection with Dual GRUs
cs.CL
This paper presents models for detecting agreement/disagreement in online discussions. In this work we show that by using a Siamese inspired architecture to encode the discussions, we no longer need to rely on hand-crafted features to exploit the meta thread structure. We evaluate our model on existing online discussio...
computer science
17,096
Future Word Contexts in Neural Network Language Models
cs.CL
Recently, bidirectional recurrent network language models (bi-RNNLMs) have been shown to outperform standard, unidirectional, recurrent neural network language models (uni-RNNLMs) on a range of speech recognition tasks. This indicates that future word context information beyond the word history can be useful. However, ...
computer science
17,097
Cross-Lingual Dependency Parsing for Closely Related Languages - Helsinki's Submission to VarDial 2017
cs.CL
This paper describes the submission from the University of Helsinki to the shared task on cross-lingual dependency parsing at VarDial 2017. We present work on annotation projection and treebank translation that gave good results for all three target languages in the test set. In particular, Slovak seems to work well wi...
computer science
17,098
Neural machine translation for low-resource languages
cs.CL
Neural machine translation (NMT) approaches have improved the state of the art in many machine translation settings over the last couple of years, but they require large amounts of training data to produce sensible output. We demonstrate that NMT can be used for low-resource languages as well, by introducing more local...
computer science
17,099
The Natural Stories Corpus
cs.CL
It is now a common practice to compare models of human language processing by predicting participant reactions (such as reading times) to corpora consisting of rich naturalistic linguistic materials. However, many of the corpora used in these studies are based on naturalistic text and thus do not contain many of the lo...
computer science
17,100
CLaC @ QATS: Quality Assessment for Text Simplification
cs.CL
This paper describes our approach to the 2016 QATS quality assessment shared task. We trained three independent Random Forest classifiers in order to assess the quality of the simplified texts in terms of grammaticality, meaning preservation and simplicity. We used the language model of Google-Ngram as feature to predi...
computer science
17,101
The CLaC Discourse Parser at CoNLL-2016
cs.CL
This paper describes our submission "CLaC" to the CoNLL-2016 shared task on shallow discourse parsing. We used two complementary approaches for the task. A standard machine learning approach for the parsing of explicit relations, and a deep learning approach for non-explicit relations. Overall, our parser achieves an F...
computer science