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17,602
Novel Ranking-Based Lexical Similarity Measure for Word Embedding
cs.CL
Distributional semantics models derive word space from linguistic items in context. Meaning is obtained by defining a distance measure between vectors corresponding to lexical entities. Such vectors present several problems. In this paper we provide a guideline for post process improvements to the baseline vectors. We ...
computer science
17,603
Are words easier to learn from infant- than adult-directed speech? A quantitative corpus-based investigation
cs.CL
We investigate whether infant-directed speech (IDS) could facilitate word form learning when compared to adult-directed speech (ADS). To study this, we examine the distribution of word forms at two levels, acoustic and phonological, using a large database of spontaneous speech in Japanese. At the acoustic level we show...
computer science
17,604
A Framework for Enriching Lexical Semantic Resources with Distributional Semantics
cs.CL
We present an approach to combining distributional semantic representations induced from text corpora with manually constructed lexical-semantic networks. While both kinds of semantic resources are available with high lexical coverage, our aligned resource combines the domain specificity and availability of contextual ...
computer science
17,605
Dual Long Short-Term Memory Networks for Sub-Character Representation Learning
cs.CL
Characters have commonly been regarded as the minimal processing unit in Natural Language Processing (NLP). But many non-latin languages have hieroglyphic writing systems, involving a big alphabet with thousands or millions of characters. Each character is composed of even smaller parts, which are often ignored by the ...
computer science
17,606
Building a Sentiment Corpus of Tweets in Brazilian Portuguese
cs.CL
The large amount of data available in social media, forums and websites motivates researches in several areas of Natural Language Processing, such as sentiment analysis. The popularity of the area due to its subjective and semantic characteristics motivates research on novel methods and approaches for classification. H...
computer science
17,607
Semi-automatic definite description annotation: a first report
cs.CL
Studies in Referring Expression Generation (REG) often make use of corpora of definite descriptions produced by human subjects in controlled experiments. Experiments of this kind, which are essential for the study of reference phenomena and many others, may however include a considerable amount of noise. Human subjects...
computer science
17,608
Generative Adversarial Nets for Multiple Text Corpora
cs.CL
Generative adversarial nets (GANs) have been successfully applied to the artificial generation of image data. In terms of text data, much has been done on the artificial generation of natural language from a single corpus. We consider multiple text corpora as the input data, for which there can be two applications of G...
computer science
17,609
Actionable Email Intent Modeling with Reparametrized RNNs
cs.CL
Emails in the workplace are often intentional calls to action for its recipients. We propose to annotate these emails for what action its recipient will take. We argue that our approach of action-based annotation is more scalable and theory-agnostic than traditional speech-act-based email intent annotation, while still...
computer science
17,610
Mapping to Declarative Knowledge for Word Problem Solving
cs.CL
Math word problems form a natural abstraction to a range of quantitative reasoning problems, such as understanding financial news, sports results, and casualties of war. Solving such problems requires the understanding of several mathematical concepts such as dimensional analysis, subset relationships, etc. In this pap...
computer science
17,611
Advances in Pre-Training Distributed Word Representations
cs.CL
Many Natural Language Processing applications nowadays rely on pre-trained word representations estimated from large text corpora such as news collections, Wikipedia and Web Crawl. In this paper, we show how to train high-quality word vector representations by using a combination of known tricks that are however rarely...
computer science
17,612
A Gap-Based Framework for Chinese Word Segmentation via Very Deep Convolutional Networks
cs.CL
Most previous approaches to Chinese word segmentation can be roughly classified into character-based and word-based methods. The former regards this task as a sequence-labeling problem, while the latter directly segments character sequence into words. However, if we consider segmenting a given sentence, the most intuit...
computer science
17,613
Improving Text Normalization by Optimizing Nearest Neighbor Matching
cs.CL
Text normalization is an essential task in the processing and analysis of social media that is dominated with informal writing. It aims to map informal words to their intended standard forms. Previously proposed text normalization approaches typically require manual selection of parameters for improved performance. In ...
computer science
17,614
A Syntactic Approach to Domain-Specific Automatic Question Generation
cs.CL
Factoid questions are questions that require short fact-based answers. Automatic generation (AQG) of factoid questions from a given text can contribute to educational activities, interactive question answering systems, search engines, and other applications. The goal of our research is to generate factoid source-questi...
computer science
17,615
Disentangled Representations for Manipulation of Sentiment in Text
cs.CL
The ability to change arbitrary aspects of a text while leaving the core message intact could have a strong impact in fields like marketing and politics by enabling e.g. automatic optimization of message impact and personalized language adapted to the receiver's profile. In this paper we take a first step towards such ...
computer science
17,616
Scalable Multi-Domain Dialogue State Tracking
cs.CL
Dialogue state tracking (DST) is a key component of task-oriented dialogue systems. DST estimates the user's goal at each user turn given the interaction until then. State of the art approaches for state tracking rely on deep learning methods, and represent dialogue state as a distribution over all possible slot values...
computer science
17,617
Personal Names in Modern Turkey
cs.CL
We analyzed the most common 5000 male and 5000 female Turkish names based on their etymological, morphological, and semantic attributes. The name statistics are based on all Turkish citizens who were alive in 2014 and they cover 90% of all population. To the best of our knowledge, this study is the most comprehensive d...
computer science
17,618
The CAPIO 2017 Conversational Speech Recognition System
cs.CL
In this paper we show how we have achieved the state-of-the-art performance on the industry-standard NIST 2000 Hub5 English evaluation set. We explore densely connected LSTMs, inspired by the densely connected convolutional networks recently introduced for image classification tasks. We also propose an acoustic model a...
computer science
17,619
Bidirectional Attention for SQL Generation
cs.CL
Generating structural query language (SQL) queries from natural language is a long-standing open problem. Answering a natural language question about a database table requires modeling complex interactions between the columns of the table and the question. It has been attracting considerable interest recently and drive...
computer science
17,620
A New Approach for Measuring Sentiment Orientation based on Multi-Dimensional Vector Space
cs.CL
This study implements a vector space model approach to measure the sentiment orientations of words. Two representative vectors for positive/negative polarity are constructed using high-dimensional vec-tor space in both an unsupervised and a semi-supervised manner. A sentiment ori-entation value per word is determined b...
computer science
17,621
PronouncUR: An Urdu Pronunciation Lexicon Generator
cs.CL
State-of-the-art speech recognition systems rely heavily on three basic components: an acoustic model, a pronunciation lexicon and a language model. To build these components, a researcher needs linguistic as well as technical expertise, which is a barrier in low-resource domains. Techniques to construct these three co...
computer science
17,622
Sanskrit Sandhi Splitting using $\pmb{seq2(seq)^2}$
cs.CL
In Sanskrit, small words (morphemes) are combined through a morphophonological process called Sandhi to form compound words. Sandhi splitting is the process of splitting a given compound word into its constituent morphemes. Although rules governing the splitting of words exist, it is highly challenging to identify the ...
computer science
17,623
Learning Multimodal Word Representation via Dynamic Fusion Methods
cs.CL
Multimodal models have been proven to outperform text-based models on learning semantic word representations. Almost all previous multimodal models typically treat the representations from different modalities equally. However, it is obvious that information from different modalities contributes differently to the mean...
computer science
17,624
An Attentive Sequence Model for Adverse Drug Event Extraction from Biomedical Text
cs.CL
Adverse reaction caused by drugs is a potentially dangerous problem which may lead to mortality and morbidity in patients. Adverse Drug Event (ADE) extraction is a significant problem in biomedical research. We model ADE extraction as a Question-Answering problem and take inspiration from Machine Reading Comprehension ...
computer science
17,625
Identifying emergency stages in Facebook posts of police departments with convolutional and recurrent neural networks and support vector machines
cs.CL
Classification of social media posts in emergency response is an important practical problem: accurate classification can help automate processing of such messages and help other responders and the public react to emergencies in a timely fashion. This research focused on classifying Facebook messages of US police depar...
computer science
17,626
Social Media Analysis based on Semanticity of Streaming and Batch Data
cs.CL
Languages shared by people differ in different regions based on their accents, pronunciation and word usages. In this era sharing of language takes place mainly through social media and blogs. Every second swing of such a micro posts exist which induces the need of processing those micro posts, in-order to extract know...
computer science
17,627
VnCoreNLP: A Vietnamese Natural Language Processing Toolkit
cs.CL
We present an easy-to-use and fast toolkit, namely VnCoreNLP---a Java NLP annotation pipeline for Vietnamese. Our VnCoreNLP supports key natural language processing (NLP) tasks including word segmentation, part-of-speech (POS) tagging, named entity recognition (NER) and dependency parsing, and obtains state-of-the-art ...
computer science
17,628
A Multi-task Learning Approach for Improving Product Title Compression with User Search Log Data
cs.CL
It is a challenging and practical research problem to obtain effective compression of lengthy product titles for E-commerce. This is particularly important as more and more users browse mobile E-commerce apps and more merchants make the original product titles redundant and lengthy for Search Engine Optimization. Tradi...
computer science
17,629
Towards Understanding and Answering Multi-Sentence Recommendation Questions on Tourism
cs.CL
We introduce the first system towards the novel task of answering complex multisentence recommendation questions in the tourism domain. Our solution uses a pipeline of two modules: question understanding and answering. For question understanding, we define an SQL-like query language that captures the semantic intent of...
computer science
17,630
Using reinforcement learning to learn how to play text-based games
cs.CL
The ability to learn optimal control policies in systems where action space is defined by sentences in natural language would allow many interesting real-world applications such as automatic optimisation of dialogue systems. Text-based games with multiple endings and rewards are a promising platform for this task, sinc...
computer science
17,631
Explorations in an English Poetry Corpus: A Neurocognitive Poetics Perspective
cs.CL
This paper describes a corpus of about 3000 English literary texts with about 250 million words extracted from the Gutenberg project that span a range of genres from both fiction and non-fiction written by more than 130 authors (e.g., Darwin, Dickens, Shakespeare). Quantitative Narrative Analysis (QNA) is used to explo...
computer science
17,632
Analysis of Wikipedia-based Corpora for Question Answering
cs.CL
This paper gives comprehensive analyses of corpora based on Wikipedia for several tasks in question answering. Four recent corpora are collected,WikiQA, SelQA, SQuAD, and InfoQA, and first analyzed intrinsically by contextual similarities, question types, and answer categories. These corpora are then analyzed extrinsic...
computer science
17,633
MIZAN: A Large Persian-English Parallel Corpus
cs.CL
One of the most major and essential tasks in natural language processing is machine translation that is now highly dependent upon multilingual parallel corpora. Through this paper, we introduce the biggest Persian-English parallel corpus with more than one million sentence pairs collected from masterpieces of literatur...
computer science
17,634
Analyzing Roles of Classifiers and Code-Mixed factors for Sentiment Identification
cs.CL
Multilingual speakers often switch between languages to express themselves on social communication platforms. Sometimes, the original script of the language is preserved, while using a common script for all the languages is quite popular as well due to convenience. On such occasions, multiple languages are being mixed ...
computer science
17,635
Denotation Extraction for Interactive Learning in Dialogue Systems
cs.CL
This paper presents a novel task using real user data obtained in human-machine conversation. The task concerns with denotation extraction from answer hints collected interactively in a dialogue. The task is motivated by the need for large amounts of training data for question answering dialogue system development, whe...
computer science
17,636
Translating Pro-Drop Languages with Reconstruction Models
cs.CL
Pronouns are frequently omitted in pro-drop languages, such as Chinese, generally leading to significant challenges with respect to the production of complete translations. To date, very little attention has been paid to the dropped pronoun (DP) problem within neural machine translation (NMT). In this work, we propose ...
computer science
17,637
MilkQA: a Dataset of Consumer Questions for the Task of Answer Selection
cs.CL
We introduce MilkQA, a question answering dataset from the dairy domain dedicated to the study of consumer questions. The dataset contains 2,657 pairs of questions and answers, written in the Portuguese language and originally collected by the Brazilian Agricultural Research Corporation (Embrapa). All questions were mo...
computer science
17,638
Discrete symbolic optimization and Boltzmann sampling by continuous neural dynamics: Gradient Symbolic Computation
cs.CL
Gradient Symbolic Computation is proposed as a means of solving discrete global optimization problems using a neurally plausible continuous stochastic dynamical system. Gradient symbolic dynamics involves two free parameters that must be adjusted as a function of time to obtain the global maximizer at the end of the co...
computer science
17,639
Group Communication Analysis: A Computational Linguistics Approach for Detecting Sociocognitive Roles in Multi-Party Interactions
cs.CL
Roles are one of the most important concepts in understanding human sociocognitive behavior. During group interactions, members take on different roles within the discussion. Roles have distinct patterns of behavioral engagement (i.e., active or passive, leading or following), contribution characteristics (i.e., provid...
computer science
17,640
Unsupervised Part-of-Speech Induction
cs.CL
Part-of-Speech (POS) tagging is an old and fundamental task in natural language processing. While supervised POS taggers have shown promising accuracy, it is not always feasible to use supervised methods due to lack of labeled data. In this project, we attempt to unsurprisingly induce POS tags by iteratively looking fo...
computer science
17,641
SEE: Syntax-aware Entity Embedding for Neural Relation Extraction
cs.CL
Distant supervised relation extraction is an efficient approach to scale relation extraction to very large corpora, and has been widely used to find novel relational facts from plain text. Recent studies on neural relation extraction have shown great progress on this task via modeling the sentences in low-dimensional s...
computer science
17,642
Improved English to Russian Translation by Neural Suffix Prediction
cs.CL
Neural machine translation (NMT) suffers a performance deficiency when a limited vocabulary fails to cover the source or target side adequately, which happens frequently when dealing with morphologically rich languages. To address this problem, previous work focused on adjusting translation granularity or expanding the...
computer science
17,643
Did William Shakespeare and Thomas Kyd Write Edward III?
cs.CL
William Shakespeare is believed to be a significant author in the anonymous play, The Reign of King Edward III, published in 1596. However, recently, Thomas Kyd, has been suggested as the primary author. Using a neurolinguistics approach to authorship identification we use a four-feature technique, RPAS, to convert the...
computer science
17,644
EmbedRank: Unsupervised Keyphrase Extraction using Sentence Embeddings
cs.CL
Keyphrase extraction is the task of automatically selecting a small set of phrases that best describe a given free text document. Keyphrases can be used for indexing, searching, aggregating and summarizing text documents, serving many automatic as well as human-facing use cases. Existing supervised systems for keyphras...
computer science
17,645
An Interpretable Reasoning Network for Multi-Relation Question Answering
cs.CL
Multi-relation Question Answering is a challenging task, due to the requirement of elaborated analysis on questions and reasoning over multiple fact triples in knowledge base. In this paper, we present a novel model called Interpretable Reasoning Network that employs an interpretable, hop-by-hop reasoning process for q...
computer science
17,646
What Level of Quality can Neural Machine Translation Attain on Literary Text?
cs.CL
Given the rise of a new approach to MT, Neural MT (NMT), and its promising performance on different text types, we assess the translation quality it can attain on what is perceived to be the greatest challenge for MT: literary text. Specifically, we target novels, arguably the most popular type of literary text. We bui...
computer science
17,647
Variational Recurrent Neural Machine Translation
cs.CL
Partially inspired by successful applications of variational recurrent neural networks, we propose a novel variational recurrent neural machine translation (VRNMT) model in this paper. Different from the variational NMT, VRNMT introduces a series of latent random variables to model the translation procedure of a senten...
computer science
17,648
Asynchronous Bidirectional Decoding for Neural Machine Translation
cs.CL
The dominant neural machine translation (NMT) models apply unified attentional encoder-decoder neural networks for translation. Traditionally, the NMT decoders adopt recurrent neural networks (RNNs) to perform translation in a left-toright manner, leaving the target-side contexts generated from right to left unexploite...
computer science
17,649
Adversarial Learning for Chinese NER from Crowd Annotations
cs.CL
To quickly obtain new labeled data, we can choose crowdsourcing as an alternative way at lower cost in a short time. But as an exchange, crowd annotations from non-experts may be of lower quality than those from experts. In this paper, we propose an approach to performing crowd annotation learning for Chinese Named Ent...
computer science
17,650
OneNet: Joint Domain, Intent, Slot Prediction for Spoken Language Understanding
cs.CL
In practice, most spoken language understanding systems process user input in a pipelined manner; first domain is predicted, then intent and semantic slots are inferred according to the semantic frames of the predicted domain. The pipeline approach, however, has some disadvantages: error propagation and lack of informa...
computer science
17,651
Contextual and Position-Aware Factorization Machines for Sentiment Classification
cs.CL
While existing machine learning models have achieved great success for sentiment classification, they typically do not explicitly capture sentiment-oriented word interaction, which can lead to poor results for fine-grained analysis at the snippet level (a phrase or sentence). Factorization Machine provides a possible a...
computer science
17,652
Investigating the Working of Text Classifiers
cs.CL
Text classification is one of the most widely studied task in natural language processing. Recently, larger and larger multilayer neural network models are employed for the task motivated by the principle of compositionality. Almost all of the methods reported use discriminative approaches for the task. Discriminative ...
computer science
17,653
Size vs. Structure in Training Corpora for Word Embedding Models: Araneum Russicum Maximum and Russian National Corpus
cs.CL
In this paper, we present a distributional word embedding model trained on one of the largest available Russian corpora: Araneum Russicum Maximum (over 10 billion words crawled from the web). We compare this model to the model trained on the Russian National Corpus (RNC). The two corpora are much different in their siz...
computer science
17,654
Evaluating neural network explanation methods using hybrid documents and morphological prediction
cs.CL
We propose two novel paradigms for evaluating neural network explanations in NLP. The first paradigm works on hybrid documents, the second exploits morphosyntactic agreements. Neither paradigm requires manual annotations; instead, a relevance ground truth is generated automatically. In our experiments, successful expla...
computer science
17,655
A Resource-Light Method for Cross-Lingual Semantic Textual Similarity
cs.CL
Recognizing semantically similar sentences or paragraphs across languages is beneficial for many tasks, ranging from cross-lingual information retrieval and plagiarism detection to machine translation. Recently proposed methods for predicting cross-lingual semantic similarity of short texts, however, make use of tools ...
computer science
17,656
A Practitioners' Guide to Transfer Learning for Text Classification using Convolutional Neural Networks
cs.CL
Transfer Learning (TL) plays a crucial role when a given dataset has insufficient labeled examples to train an accurate model. In such scenarios, the knowledge accumulated within a model pre-trained on a source dataset can be transferred to a target dataset, resulting in the improvement of the target model. Though TL i...
computer science
17,657
Efficient Text Classification Using Tree-structured Multi-linear Principal Component Analysis
cs.CL
A novel text data dimension reduction technique, called the tree-structured multi-linear principal component anal- ysis (TMPCA), is proposed in this work. Being different from traditional text dimension reduction methods that deal with the word-level representation, the TMPCA technique reduces the dimension of input se...
computer science
17,658
Building an Ellipsis-aware Chinese Dependency Treebank for Web Text
cs.CL
Web 2.0 has brought with it numerous user-produced data revealing one's thoughts, experiences, and knowledge, which are a great source for many tasks, such as information extraction, and knowledge base construction. However, the colloquial nature of the texts poses new challenges for current natural language processing...
computer science
17,659
Attentive Recurrent Tensor Model for Community Question Answering
cs.CL
A major challenge to the problem of community question answering is the lexical and semantic gap between the sentence representations. Some solutions to minimize this gap includes the introduction of extra parameters to deep models or augmenting the external handcrafted features. In this paper, we propose a novel atten...
computer science
17,660
A Universal Semantic Space
cs.CL
Multilingual embeddings build on the success of monolingual embeddings and have applications in crosslingual transfer, in machine translation and in the digital humanities. We present the first multilingual embedding space for thousands of languages, a much larger number of languages than in prior work.
computer science
17,661
Neural Multi-task Learning in Automated Assessment
cs.CL
Grammatical error detection and automated essay scoring are two tasks in the area of automated assessment. Traditionally these tasks have been treated independently with different machine learning models and features used for each task. In this paper, we develop a multi-task neural network model that jointly optimises ...
computer science
17,662
BiographyNet: Extracting Relations Between People and Events
cs.CL
This paper describes BiographyNet, a digital humanities project (2012-2016) that brings together researchers from history, computational linguistics and computer science. The project uses data from the Biography Portal of the Netherlands (BPN), which contains approximately 125,000 biographies from a variety of Dutch bi...
computer science
17,663
Unsupervised Open Relation Extraction
cs.CL
We explore methods to extract relations between named entities from free text in an unsupervised setting. In addition to standard feature extraction, we develop a novel method to re-weight word embeddings. We alleviate the problem of features sparsity using an individual feature reduction. Our approach exhibits a signi...
computer science
17,664
Siamese Neural Networks with Random Forest for detecting duplicate question pairs
cs.CL
Determining whether two given questions are semantically similar is a fairly challenging task given the different structures and forms that the questions can take. In this paper, we use Gated Recurrent Units(GRU) in combination with other highly used machine learning algorithms like Random Forest, Adaboost and SVM for ...
computer science
17,665
Assertion-based QA with Question-Aware Open Information Extraction
cs.CL
We present assertion based question answering (ABQA), an open domain question answering task that takes a question and a passage as inputs, and outputs a semi-structured assertion consisting of a subject, a predicate and a list of arguments. An assertion conveys more evidences than a short answer span in reading compre...
computer science
17,666
What did you Mention? A Large Scale Mention Detection Benchmark for Spoken and Written Text
cs.CL
We describe a large, high-quality benchmark for the evaluation of Mention Detection tools. The benchmark contains annotations of both named entities as well as other types of entities, annotated on different types of text, ranging from clean text taken from Wikipedia, to noisy spoken data. The benchmark was built throu...
computer science
17,667
Query Focused Abstractive Summarization: Incorporating Query Relevance, Multi-Document Coverage, and Summary Length Constraints into seq2seq Models
cs.CL
Query Focused Summarization (QFS) has been addressed mostly using extractive methods. Such methods, however, produce text which suffers from low coherence. We investigate how abstractive methods can be applied to QFS, to overcome such limitations. Recent developments in neural-attention based sequence-to-sequence model...
computer science
17,668
SentiPers: A Sentiment Analysis Corpus for Persian
cs.CL
Sentiment Analysis (SA) is a major field of study in natural language processing, computational linguistics and information retrieval. Interest in SA has been constantly growing in both academia and industry over the recent years. Moreover, there is an increasing need for generating appropriate resources and datasets i...
computer science
17,669
HappyDB: A Corpus of 100,000 Crowdsourced Happy Moments
cs.CL
The science of happiness is an area of positive psychology concerned with understanding what behaviors make people happy in a sustainable fashion. Recently, there has been interest in developing technologies that help incorporate the findings of the science of happiness into users' daily lives by steering them towards ...
computer science
17,670
Evaluating Layers of Representation in Neural Machine Translation on Part-of-Speech and Semantic Tagging Tasks
cs.CL
While neural machine translation (NMT) models provide improved translation quality in an elegant, end-to-end framework, it is less clear what they learn about language. Recent work has started evaluating the quality of vector representations learned by NMT models on morphological and syntactic tasks. In this paper, we ...
computer science
17,671
Vietnamese Open Information Extraction
cs.CL
Open information extraction (OIE) is the process to extract relations and their arguments automatically from textual documents without the need to restrict the search to predefined relations. In recent years, several OIE systems for the English language have been created but there is not any system for the Vietnamese l...
computer science
17,672
A Question-Focused Multi-Factor Attention Network for Question Answering
cs.CL
Neural network models recently proposed for question answering (QA) primarily focus on capturing the passage-question relation. However, they have minimal capability to link relevant facts distributed across multiple sentences which is crucial in achieving deeper understanding, such as performing multi-sentence reasoni...
computer science
17,673
Continuous Space Reordering Models for Phrase-based MT
cs.CL
Bilingual sequence models improve phrase-based translation and reordering by overcoming phrasal independence assumption and handling long range reordering. However, due to data sparsity, these models often fall back to very small context sizes. This problem has been previously addressed by learning sequences over gener...
computer science
17,674
A Multilayer Convolutional Encoder-Decoder Neural Network for Grammatical Error Correction
cs.CL
We improve automatic correction of grammatical, orthographic, and collocation errors in text using a multilayer convolutional encoder-decoder neural network. The network is initialized with embeddings that make use of character N-gram information to better suit this task. When evaluated on common benchmark test data se...
computer science
17,675
A Formal Definition of Importance for Summarization
cs.CL
Research on summarization has mainly been driven by empirical approaches, crafting systems to perform well on standard datasets with the notion of information Importance remaining latent. We argue that establishing formal theories of Importance will advance our understanding of the task and further improve summarizatio...
computer science
17,676
Exploration on Generating Traditional Chinese Medicine Prescription from Symptoms with an End-to-End method
cs.CL
Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) is an influential form of medical treatment in China and surrounding areas. In this paper, we propose a TCM prescription generation task that aims to automatically generate a herbal medicine prescription based on textual symptom descriptions. Sequence-to-sequence (seq2seq) model has b...
computer science
17,677
Improving Word Vector with Prior Knowledge in Semantic Dictionary
cs.CL
Using low dimensional vector space to represent words has been very effective in many NLP tasks. However, it doesn't work well when faced with the problem of rare and unseen words. In this paper, we propose to leverage the knowledge in semantic dictionary in combination with some morphological information to build an e...
computer science
17,678
A Sheaf Model of Contradictions and Disagreements. Preliminary Report and Discussion
cs.CL
We introduce a new formal model -- based on the mathematical construct of sheaves -- for representing contradictory information in textual sources. This model has the advantage of letting us (a) identify the causes of the inconsistency; (b) measure how strong it is; (c) and do something about it, e.g. suggest ways to r...
computer science
17,679
Combining Convolution and Recursive Neural Networks for Sentiment Analysis
cs.CL
This paper addresses the problem of sentence-level sentiment analysis. In recent years, Convolution and Recursive Neural Networks have been proven to be effective network architecture for sentence-level sentiment analysis. Nevertheless, each of them has their own potential drawbacks. For alleviating their weaknesses, w...
computer science
17,680
A Survey of Word Embeddings Evaluation Methods
cs.CL
Word embeddings are real-valued word representations able to capture lexical semantics and trained on natural language corpora. Models proposing these representations have gained popularity in the recent years, but the issue of the most adequate evaluation method still remains open. This paper presents an extensive ove...
computer science
17,681
Helping Crisis Responders Find the Informative Needle in the Tweet Haystack
cs.CL
Crisis responders are increasingly using social media, data and other digital sources of information to build a situational understanding of a crisis situation in order to design an effective response. However with the increased availability of such data, the challenge of identifying relevant information from it also i...
computer science
17,682
A Corpus for Modeling Word Importance in Spoken Dialogue Transcripts
cs.CL
Motivated by a project to create a system for people who are deaf or hard-of-hearing that would use automatic speech recognition (ASR) to produce real-time text captions of spoken English during in-person meetings with hearing individuals, we have augmented a transcript of the Switchboard conversational dialogue corpus...
computer science
17,683
A State-of-the-Art of Semantic Change Computation
cs.CL
This paper reviews the state-of-the-art of semantic change computation, one emerging research field in computational linguistics, proposing a framework that summarizes the literature by identifying and expounding five essential components in the field: diachronic corpus, diachronic word sense characterization, change m...
computer science
17,684
An Attention-Based Word-Level Interaction Model: Relation Detection for Knowledge Base Question Answering
cs.CL
Relation detection plays a crucial role in Knowledge Base Question Answering (KBQA) because of the high variance of relation expression in the question. Traditional deep learning methods follow an encoding-comparing paradigm, where the question and the candidate relation are represented as vectors to compare their sema...
computer science
17,685
Pilot study for the COST Action "Reassembling the Republic of Letters": language-driven network analysis of letters from the Hartlib's Papers
cs.CL
The present report summarizes an exploratory study which we carried out in the context of the COST Action IS1310 "Reassembling the Republic of Letters, 1500-1800", and which is relevant to the activities of Working Group 3 "Texts and Topics" and Working Group 2 "People and Networks". In this study we investigated the u...
computer science
17,686
PEYMA: A Tagged Corpus for Persian Named Entities
cs.CL
The goal in the NER task is to classify proper nouns of a text into classes such as person, location, and organization. This is an important preprocessing step in many NLP tasks such as question-answering and summarization. Although many research studies have been conducted in this area in English and the state-of-the-...
computer science
17,687
Generating Wikipedia by Summarizing Long Sequences
cs.CL
We show that generating English Wikipedia articles can be approached as a multi- document summarization of source documents. We use extractive summarization to coarsely identify salient information and a neural abstractive model to generate the article. For the abstractive model, we introduce a decoder-only architectur...
computer science
17,688
Paraphrase-Supervised Models of Compositionality
cs.CL
Compositional vector space models of meaning promise new solutions to stubborn language understanding problems. This paper makes two contributions toward this end: (i) it uses automatically-extracted paraphrase examples as a source of supervision for training compositional models, replacing previous work which relied o...
computer science
17,689
Reinforced Self-Attention Network: a Hybrid of Hard and Soft Attention for Sequence Modeling
cs.CL
Many natural language processing tasks solely rely on sparse dependencies between a few tokens in a sentence. Soft attention mechanisms show promising performance in modeling local/global dependencies by soft probabilities between every two tokens, but they are not effective and efficient when applied to long sentences...
computer science
17,690
Complex Sequential Question Answering: Towards Learning to Converse Over Linked Question Answer Pairs with a Knowledge Graph
cs.CL
While conversing with chatbots, humans typically tend to ask many questions, a significant portion of which can be answered by referring to large-scale knowledge graphs (KG). While Question Answering (QA) and dialog systems have been studied independently, there is a need to study them closely to evaluate such real-wor...
computer science
17,691
Adapting predominant and novel sense discovery algorithms for identifying corpus-specific sense differences
cs.CL
Word senses are not static and may have temporal, spatial or corpus-specific scopes. Identifying such scopes might benefit the existing WSD systems largely. In this paper, while studying corpus specific word senses, we adapt three existing predominant and novel-sense discovery algorithms to identify these corpus-specif...
computer science
17,692
Emerging Language Spaces Learned From Massively Multilingual Corpora
cs.CL
Translations capture important information about languages that can be used as implicit supervision in learning linguistic properties and semantic representations. In an information-centric view, translated texts may be considered as semantic mirrors of the original text and the significant variations that we can obser...
computer science
17,693
Goal-Oriented Chatbot Dialog Management Bootstrapping with Transfer Learning
cs.CL
Goal-Oriented (GO) Dialogue Systems, colloquially known as goal oriented chatbots, help users achieve a predefined goal (e.g. book a movie ticket) within a closed domain. A first step is to understand the user's goal by using natural language understanding techniques. Once the goal is known, the bot must manage a dialo...
computer science
17,694
Submodularity-inspired Data Selection for Goal-oriented Chatbot Training based on Sentence Embeddings
cs.CL
Goal-oriented (GO) dialogue systems rely on an initial natural language understanding (NLU) module to determine the user's intention and parameters thereof - also known as slots. Since the systems, also known as bots, help the users with solving problems in relatively narrow domains, they require training data within t...
computer science
17,695
Order matters: Distributional properties of speech to young children bootstraps learning of semantic representations
cs.CL
Some researchers claim that language acquisition is critically dependent on experiencing linguistic input in order of increasing complexity. We set out to test this hypothesis using a simple recurrent neural network (SRN) trained to predict word sequences in CHILDES, a 5-million-word corpus of speech directed to childr...
computer science
17,696
Densely Connected Bidirectional LSTM with Applications to Sentence Classification
cs.CL
Deep neural networks have recently been shown to achieve highly competitive performance in many computer vision tasks due to their abilities of exploring in a much larger hypothesis space. However, since most deep architectures like stacked RNNs tend to suffer from the vanishing-gradient and overfitting problems, their...
computer science
17,697
Left-Center-Right Separated Neural Network for Aspect-based Sentiment Analysis with Rotatory Attention
cs.CL
Deep learning techniques have achieved success in aspect-based sentiment analysis in recent years. However, there are two important issues that still remain to be further studied, i.e., 1) how to efficiently represent the target especially when the target contains multiple words; 2) how to utilize the interaction betwe...
computer science
17,698
DeepType: Multilingual Entity Linking by Neural Type System Evolution
cs.CL
The wealth of structured (e.g. Wikidata) and unstructured data about the world available today presents an incredible opportunity for tomorrow's Artificial Intelligence. So far, integration of these two different modalities is a difficult process, involving many decisions concerning how best to represent the informatio...
computer science
17,699
Heuristic Feature Selection for Clickbait Detection
cs.CL
We study feature selection as a means to optimize the baseline clickbait detector employed at the Clickbait Challenge 2017. The challenge's task is to score the "clickbaitiness" of a given Twitter tweet on a scale from 0 (no clickbait) to 1 (strong clickbait). Unlike most other approaches submitted to the challenge, th...
computer science
17,700
Semantic projection: recovering human knowledge of multiple, distinct object features from word embeddings
cs.CL
The words of a language reflect the structure of the human mind, allowing us to transmit thoughts between individuals. However, language can represent only a subset of our rich and detailed cognitive architecture. Here, we ask what kinds of common knowledge (semantic memory) are captured by word meanings (lexical seman...
computer science
17,701
Chemical-protein relation extraction with ensembles of SVM, CNN, and RNN models
cs.CL
Text mining the relations between chemicals and proteins is an increasingly important task. The CHEMPROT track at BioCreative VI aims to promote the development and evaluation of systems that can automatically detect the chemical-protein relations in running text (PubMed abstracts). This manuscript describes our submis...
computer science