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17,402
Shallow Discourse Parsing with Maximum Entropy Model
cs.CL
In recent years, more research has been devoted to studying the subtask of the complete shallow discourse parsing, such as indentifying discourse connective and arguments of connective. There is a need to design a full discourse parser to pull these subtasks together. So we develop a discourse parser turning the free t...
computer science
17,403
A Sequential Matching Framework for Multi-turn Response Selection in Retrieval-based Chatbots
cs.CL
We study the problem of response selection for multi-turn conversation in retrieval-based chatbots. The task requires matching a response candidate with a conversation context, whose challenges include how to recognize important parts of the context, and how to model the relationships among utterances in the context. E...
computer science
17,404
Grammar induction for mildly context sensitive languages using variational Bayesian inference
cs.CL
The following technical report presents a formal approach to probabilistic minimalist grammar induction. We describe a formalization of a minimalist grammar. Based on this grammar, we define a generative model for minimalist derivations. We then present a generalized algorithm for the application of variational Bayesia...
computer science
17,405
A Neural-Symbolic Approach to Natural Language Tasks
cs.CL
Deep learning (DL) has in recent years been widely used in natural language processing (NLP) applications due to its superior performance. However, while natural languages are rich in grammatical structure, DL has not been able to explicitly represent and enforce such structures. This paper proposes a new architecture ...
computer science
17,406
Summarizing Dialogic Arguments from Social Media
cs.CL
Online argumentative dialog is a rich source of information on popular beliefs and opinions that could be useful to companies as well as governmental or public policy agencies. Compact, easy to read, summaries of these dialogues would thus be highly valuable. A priori, it is not even clear what form such a summary shou...
computer science
17,407
Neural Wikipedian: Generating Textual Summaries from Knowledge Base Triples
cs.CL
Most people do not interact with Semantic Web data directly. Unless they have the expertise to understand the underlying technology, they need textual or visual interfaces to help them make sense of it. We explore the problem of generating natural language summaries for Semantic Web data. This is non-trivial, especiall...
computer science
17,408
Keyword-based Query Comprehending via Multiple Optimized-Demand Augmentation
cs.CL
In this paper, we consider the problem of machine reading task when the questions are in the form of keywords, rather than natural language. In recent years, researchers have achieved significant success on machine reading comprehension tasks, such as SQuAD and TriviaQA. These datasets provide a natural language questi...
computer science
17,409
Improved Text Language Identification for the South African Languages
cs.CL
Virtual assistants and text chatbots have recently been gaining popularity. Given the short message nature of text-based chat interactions, the language identification systems of these bots might only have 15 or 20 characters to make a prediction. However, accurate text language identification is important, especially ...
computer science
17,410
Paraphrase Generation with Deep Reinforcement Learning
cs.CL
Automatic generation of paraphrases from a given sentence is an important yet challenging task in natural language processing (NLP), and plays a key role in a number of applications such as question answering, search, and dialogue. In this paper, we present a deep reinforcement learning approach to paraphrase generatio...
computer science
17,411
Towards Automatic Generation of Entertaining Dialogues in Chinese Crosstalks
cs.CL
Crosstalk, also known by its Chinese name xiangsheng, is a traditional Chinese comedic performing art featuring jokes and funny dialogues, and one of China's most popular cultural elements. It is typically in the form of a dialogue between two performers for the purpose of bringing laughter to the audience, with one pe...
computer science
17,412
Improving Neural Machine Translation through Phrase-based Forced Decoding
cs.CL
Compared to traditional statistical machine translation (SMT), neural machine translation (NMT) often sacrifices adequacy for the sake of fluency. We propose a method to combine the advantages of traditional SMT and NMT by exploiting an existing phrase-based SMT model to compute the phrase-based decoding cost for an NM...
computer science
17,413
Semantic Structure and Interpretability of Word Embeddings
cs.CL
Dense word embeddings, which encode semantic meanings of words to low dimensional vector spaces have become very popular in natural language processing (NLP) research due to their state-of-the-art performances in many NLP tasks. Word embeddings are substantially successful in capturing semantic relations among words, s...
computer science
17,414
JSUT corpus: free large-scale Japanese speech corpus for end-to-end speech synthesis
cs.CL
Thanks to improvements in machine learning techniques including deep learning, a free large-scale speech corpus that can be shared between academic institutions and commercial companies has an important role. However, such a corpus for Japanese speech synthesis does not exist. In this paper, we designed a novel Japanes...
computer science
17,415
Evaluating Discourse Phenomena in Neural Machine Translation
cs.CL
For machine translation to tackle discourse phenomena, models must have access to extra-sentential linguistic context. There has been recent interest in modelling context in neural machine translation (NMT), but models have been principally evaluated with standard automatic metrics, poorly adapted to evaluating discour...
computer science
17,416
Text Annotation Graphs: Annotating Complex Natural Language Phenomena
cs.CL
This paper introduces a new web-based software tool for annotating text, Text Annotation Graphs, or TAG. It provides functionality for representing complex relationships between words and word phrases that are not available in other software tools, including the ability to define and visualize relationships between the...
computer science
17,417
SRL4ORL: Improving Opinion Role Labelling using Multi-task Learning with Semantic Role Labeling
cs.CL
For over 12 years, machine learning is used to extract opinion-holder-target structures from text to answer the question: Who expressed what kind of sentiment towards what?. However, recent neural approaches do not outperform the state-of-the-art feature-based model for Opinion Role Labelling (ORL). We suspect this is ...
computer science
17,418
Multi-Mention Learning for Reading Comprehension with Neural Cascades
cs.CL
Reading comprehension is a challenging task, especially when executed across longer or across multiple evidence documents, where the answer is likely to reoccur. Existing neural architectures typically do not scale to the entire evidence, and hence, resort to selecting a single passage in the document (either via trunc...
computer science
17,419
A Comparison of Feature-Based and Neural Scansion of Poetry
cs.CL
Automatic analysis of poetic rhythm is a challenging task that involves linguistics, literature, and computer science. When the language to be analyzed is known, rule-based systems or data-driven methods can be used. In this paper, we analyze poetic rhythm in English and Spanish. We show that the representations of dat...
computer science
17,420
Towards Neural Machine Translation with Partially Aligned Corpora
cs.CL
While neural machine translation (NMT) has become the new paradigm, the parameter optimization requires large-scale parallel data which is scarce in many domains and language pairs. In this paper, we address a new translation scenario in which there only exists monolingual corpora and phrase pairs. We propose a new met...
computer science
17,421
Dual Language Models for Code Mixed Speech Recognition
cs.CL
In this work, we present a new approach to language modeling for bilingual code-switched text. This technique, called dual language models, involves building two complementary monolingual language models and combining them using a probabilistic model for switching between the two. The objective of this technique is to ...
computer science
17,422
Compressing Word Embeddings via Deep Compositional Code Learning
cs.CL
Natural language processing (NLP) models often require a massive number of parameters for word embeddings, resulting in a large storage or memory footprint. Deploying neural NLP models to mobile devices requires compressing the word embeddings without any significant sacrifices in performance. For this purpose, we prop...
computer science
17,423
One Model to Rule them all: Multitask and Multilingual Modelling for Lexical Analysis
cs.CL
When learning a new skill, you take advantage of your preexisting skills and knowledge. For instance, if you are a skilled violinist, you will likely have an easier time learning to play cello. Similarly, when learning a new language you take advantage of the languages you already speak. For instance, if your native la...
computer science
17,424
Learning Filterbanks from Raw Speech for Phone Recognition
cs.CL
We train a bank of complex filters that operates on the raw waveform and feeds into a convolutional neural network for end-to-end phone recognition. These time-domain filterbanks (TD-filterbanks) are initialized as an approximation of mel-filterbanks (MFSC, for mel-frequency spectral coefficients), and then fine-tuned ...
computer science
17,425
"Attention" for Detecting Unreliable News in the Information Age
cs.CL
An Unreliable news is any piece of information which is false or misleading, deliberately spread to promote political, ideological and financial agendas. Recently the problem of unreliable news has got a lot of attention as the number instances of using news and social media outlets for propaganda have increased rapidl...
computer science
17,426
Predicting Discharge Medications at Admission Time Based on Deep Learning
cs.CL
Predicting discharge medications right after a patient being admitted is an important clinical decision, which provides physicians with guidance on what type of medication regimen to plan for and what possible changes on initial medication may occur during an inpatient stay. It also facilitates medication reconciliatio...
computer science
17,427
Deep Stacking Networks for Low-Resource Chinese Word Segmentation with Transfer Learning
cs.CL
In recent years, neural networks have proven to be effective in Chinese word segmentation. However, this promising performance relies on large-scale training data. Neural networks with conventional architectures cannot achieve the desired results in low-resource datasets due to the lack of labelled training data. In th...
computer science
17,428
Towards Linguistically Generalizable NLP Systems: A Workshop and Shared Task
cs.CL
This paper presents a summary of the first Workshop on Building Linguistically Generalizable Natural Language Processing Systems, and the associated Build It Break It, The Language Edition shared task. The goal of this workshop was to bring together researchers in NLP and linguistics with a shared task aimed at testing...
computer science
17,429
Learning Word Embeddings from Speech
cs.CL
In this paper, we propose a novel deep neural network architecture, Sequence-to-Sequence Audio2Vec, for unsupervised learning of fixed-length vector representations of audio segments excised from a speech corpus, where the vectors contain semantic information pertaining to the segments, and are close to other vectors i...
computer science
17,430
Authorship Analysis of Xenophon's Cyropaedia
cs.CL
In the past several decades, many authorship attribution studies have used computational methods to determine the authors of disputed texts. Disputed authorship is a common problem in Classics, since little information about ancient documents has survived the centuries. Many scholars have questioned the authenticity of...
computer science
17,431
Distributed Representation for Traditional Chinese Medicine Herb via Deep Learning Models
cs.CL
Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) has accumulated a big amount of precious resource in the long history of development. TCM prescriptions that consist of TCM herbs are an important form of TCM treatment, which are similar to natural language documents, but in a weakly ordered fashion. Directly adapting language modeli...
computer science
17,432
A Survey on Dialogue Systems: Recent Advances and New Frontiers
cs.CL
Dialogue systems have attracted more and more attention. Recent advances on dialogue systems are overwhelmingly contributed by deep learning techniques, which have been employed to enhance a wide range of big data applications such as computer vision, natural language processing, and recommender systems. For dialogue s...
computer science
17,433
Evaluation of Croatian Word Embeddings
cs.CL
Croatian is poorly resourced and highly inflected language from Slavic language family. Nowadays, research is focusing mostly on English. We created a new word analogy corpus based on the original English Word2vec word analogy corpus and added some of the specific linguistic aspects from Croatian language. Next, we cre...
computer science
17,434
Fine-tuning Tree-LSTM for phrase-level sentiment classification on a Polish dependency treebank. Submission to PolEval task 2
cs.CL
We describe a variant of Child-Sum Tree-LSTM deep neural network (Tai et al, 2015) fine-tuned for working with dependency trees and morphologically rich languages using the example of Polish. Fine-tuning included applying a custom regularization technique (zoneout, described by (Krueger et al., 2016), and further adapt...
computer science
17,435
Neural Speed Reading via Skim-RNN
cs.CL
Inspired by the principles of speed reading, we introduce Skim-RNN, a recurrent neural network (RNN) that dynamically decides to update only a small fraction of the hidden state for relatively unimportant input tokens. Skim-RNN gives computational advantage over an RNN that always updates the entire hidden state. Skim-...
computer science
17,436
TAMU at KBP 2017: Event Nugget Detection and Coreference Resolution
cs.CL
In this paper, we describe TAMU's system submitted to the TAC KBP 2017 event nugget detection and coreference resolution task. Our system builds on the statistical and empirical observations made on training and development data. We found that modifiers of event nuggets tend to have unique syntactic distribution. Their...
computer science
17,437
Towards Language-Universal End-to-End Speech Recognition
cs.CL
Building speech recognizers in multiple languages typically involves replicating a monolingual training recipe for each language, or utilizing a multi-task learning approach where models for different languages have separate output labels but share some internal parameters. In this work, we exploit recent progress in e...
computer science
17,438
Improved training for online end-to-end speech recognition systems
cs.CL
Achieving high accuracy with end-to-end speech recognizers requires careful parameter initialization prior to training. Otherwise, the networks may fail to find a good local optimum. This is particularly true for low-latency online networks, such as unidirectional LSTMs. Currently, the best strategy to train such syste...
computer science
17,439
Structure Regularized Bidirectional Recurrent Convolutional Neural Network for Relation Classification
cs.CL
Relation classification is an important semantic processing task in the field of natural language processing (NLP). In this paper, we present a novel model, Structure Regularized Bidirectional Recurrent Convolutional Neural Network(SR-BRCNN), to classify the relation of two entities in a sentence, and the new dataset o...
computer science
17,440
Extractive Multi-document Summarization Using Multilayer Networks
cs.CL
Huge volumes of textual information has been produced every single day. In order to organize and understand such large datasets, in recent years, summarization techniques have become popular. These techniques aims at finding relevant, concise and non-redundant content from such a big data. While network methods have be...
computer science
17,441
RubyStar: A Non-Task-Oriented Mixture Model Dialog System
cs.CL
RubyStar is a dialog system designed to create "human-like" conversation by combining different response generation strategies. RubyStar conducts a non-task-oriented conversation on general topics by using an ensemble of rule-based, retrieval-based and generative methods. Topic detection, engagement monitoring, and con...
computer science
17,442
Improving Hypernymy Extraction with Distributional Semantic Classes
cs.CL
In this paper, we show how distributionally-induced semantic classes can be helpful for extracting hypernyms. We present methods for inducing sense-aware semantic classes using distributional semantics and using these induced semantic classes for filtering noisy hypernymy relations. Denoising of hypernyms is performed ...
computer science
17,443
Weakly-supervised Relation Extraction by Pattern-enhanced Embedding Learning
cs.CL
Extracting relations from text corpora is an important task in text mining. It becomes particularly challenging when focusing on weakly-supervised relation extraction, that is, utilizing a few relation instances (i.e., a pair of entities and their relation) as seeds to extract more instances from corpora. Existing dist...
computer science
17,444
An Empirical Analysis of Multiple-Turn Reasoning Strategies in Reading Comprehension Tasks
cs.CL
Reading comprehension (RC) is a challenging task that requires synthesis of information across sentences and multiple turns of reasoning. Using a state-of-the-art RC model, we empirically investigate the performance of single-turn and multiple-turn reasoning on the SQuAD and MS MARCO datasets. The RC model is an end-to...
computer science
17,445
Tracking of enriched dialog states for flexible conversational information access
cs.CL
Dialog state tracking (DST) is a crucial component in a task-oriented dialog system for conversational information access. A common practice in current dialog systems is to define the dialog state by a set of slot-value pairs. Such representation of dialog states and the slot-filling based DST have been widely employed...
computer science
17,446
Language Modeling for Code-Switched Data: Challenges and Approaches
cs.CL
Lately, the problem of code-switching has gained a lot of attention and has emerged as an active area of research. In bilingual communities, the speakers commonly embed the words and phrases of a non-native language into the syntax of a native language in their day-to-day communications. The code-switching is a global ...
computer science
17,447
The Lifted Matrix-Space Model for Semantic Composition
cs.CL
Recent advances in tree structured sentence encoding models have shown that explicitly modeling syntax can help handle compositionality. More specifically, recent works by \citetext{Socher2012}, \citetext{Socher2013}, and \citetext{Chen2013} have shown that using more powerful composition functions with multiplicative ...
computer science
17,448
Document Context Neural Machine Translation with Memory Networks
cs.CL
We present a document-level neural machine translation model which takes both the source and target document contexts into account using memory networks. We model the problem as a structured prediction problem with interdependencies among the observed and hidden variables, i.e., the source sentences and their unobserve...
computer science
17,449
Integrating User and Agent Models: A Deep Task-Oriented Dialogue System
cs.CL
Task-oriented dialogue systems can efficiently serve a large number of customers and relieve people from tedious works. However, existing task-oriented dialogue systems depend on handcrafted actions and states or extra semantic labels, which sometimes degrades user experience despite the intensive human intervention. M...
computer science
17,450
Neural Skill Transfer from Supervised Language Tasks to Reading Comprehension
cs.CL
Reading comprehension is a challenging task in natural language processing and requires a set of skills to be solved. While current approaches focus on solving the task as a whole, in this paper, we propose to use a neural network `skill' transfer approach. We transfer knowledge from several lower-level language tasks ...
computer science
17,451
YEDDA: A Lightweight Collaborative Text Span Annotation Tool
cs.CL
In this paper, we introduce YEDDA, a lightweight but efficient and comprehensive open-source tool for text span annotation. YEDDA provides a systematic solution for text span annotation, ranging from collaborative user annotation to administrator evaluation and analysis. It overcomes the low efficiency of traditional t...
computer science
17,452
Towards the Use of Deep Reinforcement Learning with Global Policy For Query-based Extractive Summarisation
cs.CL
Supervised approaches for text summarisation suffer from the problem of mismatch between the target labels/scores of individual sentences and the evaluation score of the final summary. Reinforcement learning can solve this problem by providing a learning mechanism that uses the score of the final summary as a guide to ...
computer science
17,453
Towards Automated ICD Coding Using Deep Learning
cs.CL
International Classification of Diseases(ICD) is an authoritative health care classification system of different diseases and conditions for clinical and management purposes. Considering the complicated and dedicated process to assign correct codes to each patient admission based on overall diagnosis, we propose a hier...
computer science
17,454
Discovering conversational topics and emotions associated with Demonetization tweets in India
cs.CL
Social media platforms contain great wealth of information which provides us opportunities explore hidden patterns or unknown correlations, and understand people's satisfaction with what they are discussing. As one showcase, in this paper, we summarize the data set of Twitter messages related to recent demonetization o...
computer science
17,455
Interpretable probabilistic embeddings: bridging the gap between topic models and neural networks
cs.CL
We consider probabilistic topic models and more recent word embedding techniques from a perspective of learning hidden semantic representations. Inspired by a striking similarity of the two approaches, we merge them and learn probabilistic embeddings with online EM-algorithm on word co-occurrence data. The resulting em...
computer science
17,456
Syntax-Directed Attention for Neural Machine Translation
cs.CL
Attention mechanism, including global attention and local attention, plays a key role in neural machine translation (NMT). Global attention attends to all source words for word prediction. In comparison, local attention selectively looks at fixed-window source words. However, alignment weights for the current target wo...
computer science
17,457
Natural Language Inference with External Knowledge
cs.CL
Modeling informal inference in natural language is very challenging. With the recent availability of large annotated data, it has become feasible to train complex models such as neural networks to perform natural language inference (NLI), which have achieved state-of-the-art performance. Although there exist relatively...
computer science
17,458
Fast Reading Comprehension with ConvNets
cs.CL
State-of-the-art deep reading comprehension models are dominated by recurrent neural nets. Their sequential nature is a natural fit for language, but it also precludes parallelization within an instances and often becomes the bottleneck for deploying such models to latency critical scenarios. This is particularly probl...
computer science
17,459
Convolutional Neural Network with Word Embeddings for Chinese Word Segmentation
cs.CL
Character-based sequence labeling framework is flexible and efficient for Chinese word segmentation (CWS). Recently, many character-based neural models have been applied to CWS. While they obtain good performance, they have two obvious weaknesses. The first is that they heavily rely on manually designed bigram feature,...
computer science
17,460
Word, Subword or Character? An Empirical Study of Granularity in Chinese-English NMT
cs.CL
Neural machine translation (NMT), a new approach to machine translation, has been proved to outperform conventional statistical machine translation (SMT) across a variety of language pairs. Translation is an open-vocabulary problem, but most existing NMT systems operate with a fixed vocabulary, which causes the incapab...
computer science
17,461
Zero-Shot Style Transfer in Text Using Recurrent Neural Networks
cs.CL
Zero-shot translation is the task of translating between a language pair where no aligned data for the pair is provided during training. In this work we employ a model that creates paraphrases which are written in the style of another existing text. Since we provide the model with no paired examples from the source sty...
computer science
17,462
QuickEdit: Editing Text & Translations via Simple Delete Actions
cs.CL
We propose a framework for computer-assisted text editing. It applies to translation post-editing and to paraphrasing and relies on very simple interactions: a human editor modifies a sentence by marking tokens they would like the system to change. Our model then generates a new sentence which reformulates the initial ...
computer science
17,463
From Word Segmentation to POS Tagging for Vietnamese
cs.CL
This paper presents an empirical comparison of two strategies for Vietnamese Part-of-Speech (POS) tagging from unsegmented text: (i) a pipeline strategy where we consider the output of a word segmenter as the input of a POS tagger, and (ii) a joint strategy where we predict a combined segmentation and POS tag for each ...
computer science
17,464
Classical Structured Prediction Losses for Sequence to Sequence Learning
cs.CL
There has been much recent work on training neural attention models at the sequence-level using either reinforcement learning-style methods or by optimizing the beam. In this paper, we survey a range of classical objective functions that have been widely used to train linear models for structured prediction and apply t...
computer science
17,465
Dynamic Fusion Networks for Machine Reading Comprehension
cs.CL
This paper presents a novel neural model - Dynamic Fusion Network (DFN), for machine reading comprehension (MRC). DFNs differ from most state-of-the-art models in their use of a dynamic multi-strategy attention process, in which passages, questions and answer candidates are jointly fused into attention vectors, along w...
computer science
17,466
Unified Pragmatic Models for Generating and Following Instructions
cs.CL
We extend models for both following and generating natural language instructions by adding an explicit pragmatic layer. These pragmatics-enabled models explicitly reason about why speakers produce certain instructions, and about how listeners will react upon hearing them. Given learned base listener and speaker models,...
computer science
17,467
Learning an Executable Neural Semantic Parser
cs.CL
This paper describes a neural semantic parser that maps natural language utterances onto logical forms which can be executed against a task-specific environment, such as a knowledge base or a database, to produce a response. The parser generates tree-structured logical forms with a transition-based approach which combi...
computer science
17,468
DuReader: a Chinese Machine Reading Comprehension Dataset from Real-world Applications
cs.CL
In this paper, we introduce DuReader, a new large-scale, open-domain Chinese machine reading comprehension (MRC) dataset, aiming to tackle real-world MRC problems. In comparison to prior datasets, DuReader has the following characteristics: (a) the questions and the documents are all extracted from real application dat...
computer science
17,469
False Positive and Cross-relation Signals in Distant Supervision Data
cs.CL
Distant supervision (DS) is a well-established method for relation extraction from text, based on the assumption that when a knowledge-base contains a relation between a term pair, then sentences that contain that pair are likely to express the relation. In this paper, we use the results of a crowdsourcing relation ext...
computer science
17,470
Unsupervised patient representations from clinical notes with interpretable classification decisions
cs.CL
We have two main contributions in this work: 1. We explore the usage of a stacked denoising autoencoder, and a paragraph vector model to learn task-independent dense patient representations directly from clinical notes. We evaluate these representations by using them as features in multiple supervised setups, and compa...
computer science
17,471
Controllable Abstractive Summarization
cs.CL
Current models for document summarization ignore user preferences such as the desired length, style or entities that the user has a preference for. We present a neural summarization model that enables users to specify such high level attributes in order to control the shape of the final summaries to better suit their n...
computer science
17,472
Modeling Semantic Relatedness using Global Relation Vectors
cs.CL
Word embedding models such as GloVe rely on co-occurrence statistics from a large corpus to learn vector representations of word meaning. These vectors have proven to capture surprisingly fine-grained semantic and syntactic information. While we may similarly expect that co-occurrence statistics can be used to capture ...
computer science
17,473
Simulating Action Dynamics with Neural Process Networks
cs.CL
Understanding procedural language requires anticipating the causal effects of actions, even when they are not explicitly stated. In this work, we introduce Neural Process Networks to understand procedural text through (neural) simulation of action dynamics. Our model complements existing memory architectures with dynam...
computer science
17,474
Supervised and Unsupervised Transfer Learning for Question Answering
cs.CL
Although transfer learning has been shown to be successful for tasks like object and speech recognition, its applicability to question answering (QA) has yet to be well-studied. In this paper, we conduct extensive experiments to investigate the transferability of knowledge learned from a source QA dataset to a target d...
computer science
17,475
A Deep Learning Approach for Expert Identification in Question Answering Communities
cs.CL
In this paper, we describe an effective convolutional neural network framework for identifying the expert in question answering community. This approach uses the convolutional neural network and combines user feature representations with question feature representations to compute scores that the user who gets the high...
computer science
17,476
Bridging Source and Target Word Embeddings for Neural Machine Translation
cs.CL
Neural machine translation systems encode a source sequence into a vector from which a target sequence is generated via a decoder. Different from the traditional statistical machine translation, source and target words are not directly mapped to each other in translation rules. They are at the two ends of a long inform...
computer science
17,477
A Sequential Neural Encoder with Latent Structured Description for Modeling Sentences
cs.CL
In this paper, we propose a sequential neural encoder with latent structured description (SNELSD) for modeling sentences. This model introduces latent chunk-level representations into conventional sequential neural encoders, i.e., recurrent neural networks (RNNs) with long short-term memory (LSTM) units, to consider th...
computer science
17,478
Aicyber's System for NLPCC 2017 Shared Task 2: Voting of Baselines
cs.CL
This paper presents Aicyber's system for NLPCC 2017 shared task 2. It is formed by a voting of three deep learning based system trained on character-enhanced word vectors and a well known bag-of-word model.
computer science
17,479
Tracking Typological Traits of Uralic Languages in Distributed Language Representations
cs.CL
Although linguistic typology has a long history, computational approaches have only recently gained popularity. The use of distributed representations in computational linguistics has also become increasingly popular. A recent development is to learn distributed representations of language, such that typologically simi...
computer science
17,480
Investigating Inner Properties of Multimodal Representation and Semantic Compositionality with Brain-based Componential Semantics
cs.CL
Multimodal models have been proven to outperform text-based approaches on learning semantic representations. However, it still remains unclear what properties are encoded in multimodal representations, in what aspects do they outperform the single-modality representations, and what happened in the process of semantic c...
computer science
17,481
Detecting and assessing contextual change in diachronic text documents using context volatility
cs.CL
Terms in diachronic text corpora may exhibit a high degree of semantic dynamics that is only partially captured by the common notion of semantic change. The new measure of context volatility that we propose models the degree by which terms change context in a text collection over time. The computation of context volati...
computer science
17,482
Dialogue Act Recognition via CRF-Attentive Structured Network
cs.CL
Dialogue Act Recognition (DAR) is a challenging problem in dialogue interpretation, which aims to attach semantic labels to utterances and characterize the speaker's intention. Currently, many existing approaches formulate the DAR problem ranging from multi-classification to structured prediction, which suffer from han...
computer science
17,483
Words are Malleable: Computing Semantic Shifts in Political and Media Discourse
cs.CL
Recently, researchers started to pay attention to the detection of temporal shifts in the meaning of words. However, most (if not all) of these approaches restricted their efforts to uncovering change over time, thus neglecting other valuable dimensions such as social or political variability. We propose an approach fo...
computer science
17,484
Deep Temporal-Recurrent-Replicated-Softmax for Topical Trends over Time
cs.CL
Dynamic topic modeling facilitates the identification of topical trends over time in temporal collections of unstructured documents. We introduce a novel unsupervised neural dynamic topic model known as Recurrent Neural Network-Replicated Softmax Model (RNNRSM), where the discovered topics at each time influence the to...
computer science
17,485
Unsupervised Morphological Expansion of Small Datasets for Improving Word Embeddings
cs.CL
We present a language independent, unsupervised method for building word embeddings using morphological expansion of text. Our model handles the problem of data sparsity and yields improved word embeddings by relying on training word embeddings on artificially generated sentences. We evaluate our method using small siz...
computer science
17,486
An Unsupervised Approach for Mapping between Vector Spaces
cs.CL
We present a language independent, unsupervised approach for transforming word embeddings from source language to target language using a transformation matrix. Our model handles the problem of data scarcity which is faced by many languages in the world and yields improved word embeddings for words in the target langua...
computer science
17,487
Pushing the Limits of Paraphrastic Sentence Embeddings with Millions of Machine Translations
cs.CL
We extend the work of Wieting et al. (2017), back-translating a large parallel corpus to produce a dataset of more than 51 million English-English sentential paraphrase pairs in a dataset we call ParaNMT-50M. We find this corpus to be cover many domains and styles of text, in addition to being rich in paraphrases with ...
computer science
17,488
Detecting Egregious Conversations between Customers and Virtual Agents
cs.CL
Virtual agents are becoming a prominent channel of interaction in customer service. Not all customer interactions are smooth, however, and some can become almost comically bad. In such instances, a human agent might need to step in and salvage the conversation. Detecting bad conversations is important since disappointi...
computer science
17,489
Crowdsourcing Question-Answer Meaning Representations
cs.CL
We introduce Question-Answer Meaning Representations (QAMRs), which represent the predicate-argument structure of a sentence as a set of question-answer pairs. We also develop a crowdsourcing scheme to show that QAMRs can be labeled with very little training, and gather a dataset with over 5,000 sentences and 100,000 q...
computer science
17,490
An Encoder-Decoder Framework Translating Natural Language to Database Queries
cs.CL
Machine translation is going through a radical revolution, driven by the explosive development of deep learning techniques using Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) and Recurrent Neural Network (RNN). In this paper, we consider a special case in machine translation problems, targeting to translate natural language into ...
computer science
17,491
ConvAMR: Abstract meaning representation parsing for legal document
cs.CL
Convolutional neural networks (CNN) have recently achieved remarkable performance in a wide range of applications. In this research, we equip convolutional sequence-to-sequence (seq2seq) model with an efficient graph linearization technique for abstract meaning representation parsing. Our linearization method is better...
computer science
17,492
An Abstractive approach to Question Answering
cs.CL
Question Answering has come a long way from answer sentence selection, relational QA to reading and comprehension. We move our attention to abstractive question answering by which we facilitate machine to read passages and answer questions by generating them. We frame the problem as a sequence to sequence learning wher...
computer science
17,493
Phonological (un)certainty weights lexical activation
cs.CL
Spoken word recognition involves at least two basic computations. First is matching acoustic input to phonological categories (e.g. /b/, /p/, /d/). Second is activating words consistent with those phonological categories. Here we test the hypothesis that the listener's probability distribution over lexical items is wei...
computer science
17,494
Low-dimensional Embeddings for Interpretable Anchor-based Topic Inference
cs.CL
The anchor words algorithm performs provably efficient topic model inference by finding an approximate convex hull in a high-dimensional word co-occurrence space. However, the existing greedy algorithm often selects poor anchor words, reducing topic quality and interpretability. Rather than finding an approximate conve...
computer science
17,495
Style Transfer in Text: Exploration and Evaluation
cs.CL
Style transfer is an important problem in natural language processing (NLP). However, the progress in language style transfer is lagged behind other domains, such as computer vision, mainly because of the lack of parallel data and principle evaluation metrics. In this paper, we propose to learn style transfer with non-...
computer science
17,496
Automatically Extracting Action Graphs from Materials Science Synthesis Procedures
cs.CL
Computational synthesis planning approaches have achieved recent success in organic chemistry, where tabulated synthesis procedures are readily available for supervised learning. The syntheses of inorganic materials, however, exist primarily as natural language narratives contained within scientific journal articles. T...
computer science
17,497
Is China Entering WTO or shijie maoyi zuzhi--a Corpus Study of English Acronyms in Chinese Newspapers
cs.CL
This is one of the first studies that quantitatively examine the usage of English acronyms (e.g. WTO) in Chinese texts. Using newspaper corpora, I try to answer 1) for all instances of a concept that has an English acronym (e.g. World Trade Organization), what percentage is expressed in the English acronym (WTO), and w...
computer science
17,498
A Discourse-Level Named Entity Recognition and Relation Extraction Dataset for Chinese Literature Text
cs.CL
Named Entity Recognition and Relation Extraction for Chinese literature text is regarded as the highly difficult problem, partially because of the lack of tagging sets. In this paper, we build a discourse-level dataset from hundreds of Chinese literature articles for improving this task. To build a high quality dataset...
computer science
17,499
Incorporating Syntactic Uncertainty in Neural Machine Translation with Forest-to-Sequence Model
cs.CL
Incorporating syntactic information in Neural Machine Translation models is a method to compensate their requirement for a large amount of parallel training text, especially for low-resource language pairs. Previous works on using syntactic information provided by (inevitably error-prone) parsers has been promising. In...
computer science
17,500
Fast BTG-Forest-Based Hierarchical Sub-sentential Alignment
cs.CL
In this paper, we propose a novel BTG-forest-based alignment method. Based on a fast unsupervised initialization of parameters using variational IBM models, we synchronously parse parallel sentences top-down and align hierarchically under the constraint of BTG. Our two-step method can achieve the same run-time and comp...
computer science
17,501
Non-Contextual Modeling of Sarcasm using a Neural Network Benchmark
cs.CL
One of the most crucial components of natural human-robot interaction is artificial intuition and its influence on dialog systems. The intuitive capability that humans have is undeniably extraordinary, and so remains one of the greatest challenges for natural communicative dialogue between humans and robots. In this pa...
computer science