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17,502
Event Representations with Tensor-based Compositions
cs.CL
Robust and flexible event representations are important to many core areas in language understanding. Scripts were proposed early on as a way of representing sequences of events for such understanding, and has recently attracted renewed attention. However, obtaining effective representations for modeling script-like ev...
computer science
17,503
Evaluating Machine Translation Performance on Chinese Idioms with a Blacklist Method
cs.CL
Idiom translation is a challenging problem in machine translation because the meaning of idioms is non-compositional, and a literal (word-by-word) translation is likely to be wrong. In this paper, we focus on evaluating the quality of idiom translation of MT systems. We introduce a new evaluation method based on an idi...
computer science
17,504
Effective Strategies in Zero-Shot Neural Machine Translation
cs.CL
In this paper, we proposed two strategies which can be applied to a multilingual neural machine translation system in order to better tackle zero-shot scenarios despite not having any parallel corpus. The experiments show that they are effective in terms of both performance and computing resources, especially in multil...
computer science
17,505
Effective Use of Bidirectional Language Modeling for Medical Named Entity Recognition
cs.CL
Biomedical named entity recognition (NER) is a fundamental task in text mining of medical documents and has a lot of applications. Existing approaches for NER require manual feature engineering in order to represent words and its corresponding contextual information. Deep learning based approaches have been gaining inc...
computer science
17,506
10Sent: A Stable Sentiment Analysis Method Based on the Combination of Off-The-Shelf Approaches
cs.CL
Sentiment analysis has become a very important tool for analysis of social media data. There are several methods developed for this research field, many of them working very differently from each other, covering distinct aspects of the problem and disparate strategies. Despite the large number of existent techniques, t...
computer science
17,507
Mastering the Dungeon: Grounded Language Learning by Mechanical Turker Descent
cs.CL
Contrary to most natural language processing research, which makes use of static datasets, humans learn language interactively, grounded in an environment. In this work we propose an interactive learning procedure called Mechanical Turker Descent (MTD) and use it to train agents to execute natural language commands gro...
computer science
17,508
Application of Natural Language Processing to Determine User Satisfaction in Public Services
cs.CL
Research on customer satisfaction has increased substantially in recent years. However, the relative importance and relationships between different determinants of satisfaction remains uncertain. Moreover, quantitative studies to date tend to test for significance of pre-determined factors thought to have an influence ...
computer science
17,509
Does Higher Order LSTM Have Better Accuracy in Chunking and Named Entity Recognition?
cs.CL
Current researches usually employ single order setting by default when dealing with sequence labeling tasks. In our work, "order" means the number of tags that a prediction involves at every time step. High order models tend to capture more dependency information among tags. We first propose a simple method that low or...
computer science
17,510
Customized Nonlinear Bandits for Online Response Selection in Neural Conversation Models
cs.CL
Dialog response selection is an important step towards natural response generation in conversational agents. Existing work on neural conversational models mainly focuses on offline supervised learning using a large set of context-response pairs. In this paper, we focus on online learning of response selection in retrie...
computer science
17,511
Modelling Domain Relationships for Transfer Learning on Retrieval-based Question Answering Systems in E-commerce
cs.CL
In this paper, we study transfer learning for the PI and NLI problems, aiming to propose a general framework, which can effectively and efficiently adapt the shared knowledge learned from a resource-rich source domain to a resource- poor target domain. Specifically, since most existing transfer learning methods only fo...
computer science
17,512
SPINE: SParse Interpretable Neural Embeddings
cs.CL
Prediction without justification has limited utility. Much of the success of neural models can be attributed to their ability to learn rich, dense and expressive representations. While these representations capture the underlying complexity and latent trends in the data, they are far from being interpretable. We propos...
computer science
17,513
Ethical Challenges in Data-Driven Dialogue Systems
cs.CL
The use of dialogue systems as a medium for human-machine interaction is an increasingly prevalent paradigm. A growing number of dialogue systems use conversation strategies that are learned from large datasets. There are well documented instances where interactions with these system have resulted in biased or even off...
computer science
17,514
An Exploration of Word Embedding Initialization in Deep-Learning Tasks
cs.CL
Word embeddings are the interface between the world of discrete units of text processing and the continuous, differentiable world of neural networks. In this work, we examine various random and pretrained initialization methods for embeddings used in deep networks and their effect on the performance on four NLP tasks w...
computer science
17,515
Towards Accurate Deceptive Opinion Spam Detection based on Word Order-preserving CNN
cs.CL
Nowadays, deep learning has been widely used. In natural language learning, the analysis of complex semantics has been achieved because of its high degree of flexibility. The deceptive opinions detection is an important application area in deep learning model, and related mechanisms have been given attention and resear...
computer science
17,516
Acronym Disambiguation: A Domain Independent Approach
cs.CL
Acronyms are omnipresent. They usually express information that is repetitive and well known. But acronyms can also be ambiguous because there can be multiple expansions for the same acronym. In this paper, we propose a general system for acronym disambiguation that can work on any acronym given some context informatio...
computer science
17,517
Experiential, Distributional and Dependency-based Word Embeddings have Complementary Roles in Decoding Brain Activity
cs.CL
We evaluate 8 different word embedding models on their usefulness for predicting the neural activation patterns associated with concrete nouns. The models we consider include an experiential model, based on crowd-sourced association data, several popular neural and distributional models, and a model that reflects the s...
computer science
17,518
Learning to Remember Translation History with a Continuous Cache
cs.CL
Existing neural machine translation (NMT) models generally translate sentences in isolation, missing the opportunity to take advantage of document-level information. In this work, we propose to augment NMT models with a very light-weight cache-like memory network, which stores recent hidden representations as translati...
computer science
17,519
Machine Translation Using Semantic Web Technologies: A Survey
cs.CL
A large number of machine translation approaches have been developed recently with the aim of migrating content easily across languages. However, the literature suggests that many obstacles must be dealt with to achieve better automatic translations. A central issue that machine translation systems must handle is ambig...
computer science
17,520
Modeling Past and Future for Neural Machine Translation
cs.CL
Existing neural machine translation systems do not explicitly model what has been translated and what has not during the decoding phase. To address this problem, we propose a novel mechanism that separates the source information into two parts: translated Past contents and untranslated Future contents, which are modele...
computer science
17,521
Lexical-semantic resources: yet powerful resources for automatic personality classification
cs.CL
In this paper, we aim to reveal the impact of lexical-semantic resources, used in particular for word sense disambiguation and sense-level semantic categorization, on automatic personality classification task. While stylistic features (e.g., part-of-speech counts) have been shown their power in this task, the impact of...
computer science
17,522
Slim Embedding Layers for Recurrent Neural Language Models
cs.CL
Recurrent neural language models are the state-of-the-art models for language modeling. When the vocabulary size is large, the space taken to store the model parameters becomes the bottleneck for the use of recurrent neural language models. In this paper, we introduce a simple space compression method that randomly sha...
computer science
17,523
Surfacing contextual hate speech words within social media
cs.CL
Social media platforms have recently seen an increase in the occurrence of hate speech discourse which has led to calls for improved detection methods. Most of these rely on annotated data, keywords, and a classification technique. While this approach provides good coverage, it can fall short when dealing with new term...
computer science
17,524
End-to-end Adversarial Learning for Generative Conversational Agents
cs.CL
This paper presents a new adversarial learning method for generative conversational agents (GCA) besides a new model of GCA. Similar to previous works on adversarial learning for dialogue generation, our method assumes the GCA as a generator that aims at fooling a discriminator that labels dialogues as human-generated ...
computer science
17,525
Vietnamese Semantic Role Labelling
cs.CL
In this paper, we study semantic role labelling (SRL), a subtask of semantic parsing of natural language sentences and its application for the Vietnamese language. We present our effort in building Vietnamese PropBank, the first Vietnamese SRL corpus and a software system for labelling semantic roles of Vietnamese text...
computer science
17,526
Unsupervised Discovery of Structured Acoustic Tokens with Applications to Spoken Term Detection
cs.CL
In this paper, we compare two paradigms for unsupervised discovery of structured acoustic tokens directly from speech corpora without any human annotation. The Multigranular Paradigm seeks to capture all available information in the corpora with multiple sets of tokens for different model granularities. The Hierarchica...
computer science
17,527
Acoustic-To-Word Model Without OOV
cs.CL
Recently, the acoustic-to-word model based on the Connectionist Temporal Classification (CTC) criterion was shown as a natural end-to-end model directly targeting words as output units. However, this type of word-based CTC model suffers from the out-of-vocabulary (OOV) issue as it can only model limited number of words...
computer science
17,528
Hybrid Oracle: Making Use of Ambiguity in Transition-based Chinese Dependency Parsing
cs.CL
In the training of transition-based dependency parsers, an oracle is used to predict a transition sequence for a sentence and its gold tree. However, the transition system may exhibit ambiguity, that is, there can be multiple correct transition sequences that form the gold tree. We propose to make use of the property i...
computer science
17,529
Visualisation and 'diagnostic classifiers' reveal how recurrent and recursive neural networks process hierarchical structure
cs.CL
We investigate how neural networks can learn and process languages with hierarchical, compositional semantics. To this end, we define the artificial task of processing nested arithmetic expressions, and study whether different types of neural networks can learn to compute their meaning. We find that recursive neural ne...
computer science
17,530
Speaker-Sensitive Dual Memory Networks for Multi-Turn Slot Tagging
cs.CL
In multi-turn dialogs, natural language understanding models can introduce obvious errors by being blind to contextual information. To incorporate dialog history, we present a neural architecture with Speaker-Sensitive Dual Memory Networks which encode utterances differently depending on the speaker. This addresses the...
computer science
17,531
End-to-End Optimization of Task-Oriented Dialogue Model with Deep Reinforcement Learning
cs.CL
In this paper, we present a neural network based task-oriented dialogue system that can be optimized end-to-end with deep reinforcement learning (RL). The system is able to track dialogue state, interface with knowledge bases, and incorporate query results into agent's responses to successfully complete task-oriented d...
computer science
17,532
Curriculum Q-Learning for Visual Vocabulary Acquisition
cs.CL
The structure of curriculum plays a vital role in our learning process, both as children and adults. Presenting material in ascending order of difficulty that also exploits prior knowledge can have a significant impact on the rate of learning. However, the notion of difficulty and prior knowledge differs from person to...
computer science
17,533
Identifying Patterns of Associated-Conditions through Topic Models of Electronic Medical Records
cs.CL
Multiple adverse health conditions co-occurring in a patient are typically associated with poor prognosis and increased office or hospital visits. Developing methods to identify patterns of co-occurring conditions can assist in diagnosis. Thus identifying patterns of associations among co-occurring conditions is of gro...
computer science
17,534
Improved Twitter Sentiment Analysis Using Naive Bayes and Custom Language Model
cs.CL
In the last couple decades, social network services like Twitter have generated large volumes of data about users and their interests, providing meaningful business intelligence so organizations can better understand and engage their customers. All businesses want to know who is promoting their products, who is complai...
computer science
17,535
Multimodal Attribute Extraction
cs.CL
The broad goal of information extraction is to derive structured information from unstructured data. However, most existing methods focus solely on text, ignoring other types of unstructured data such as images, video and audio which comprise an increasing portion of the information on the web. To address this shortcom...
computer science
17,536
Predicting and Explaining Human Semantic Search in a Cognitive Model
cs.CL
Recent work has attempted to characterize the structure of semantic memory and the search algorithms which, together, best approximate human patterns of search revealed in a semantic fluency task. There are a number of models that seek to capture semantic search processes over networks, but they vary in the cognitive p...
computer science
17,537
Neural Response Generation with Dynamic Vocabularies
cs.CL
We study response generation for open domain conversation in chatbots. Existing methods assume that words in responses are generated from an identical vocabulary regardless of their inputs, which not only makes them vulnerable to generic patterns and irrelevant noise, but also causes a high cost in decoding. We propose...
computer science
17,538
Cache-based Document-level Neural Machine Translation
cs.CL
Sentences in a well-formed text are connected to each other via various links to form the cohesive structure of the text. Current neural machine translation (NMT) systems translate a text in a conventional sentence-by-sentence fashion, ignoring such cross-sentence links and dependencies. This may lead to generate an in...
computer science
17,539
Multi-Domain Adversarial Learning for Slot Filling in Spoken Language Understanding
cs.CL
The goal of this paper is to learn cross-domain representations for slot filling task in spoken language understanding (SLU). Most of the recently published SLU models are domain-specific ones that work on individual task domains. Annotating data for each individual task domain is both financially costly and non-scalab...
computer science
17,540
Lexical and Derivational Meaning in Vector-Based Models of Relativisation
cs.CL
Sadrzadeh et al (2013) present a compositional distributional analysis of relative clauses in English in terms of the Frobenius algebraic structure of finite dimensional vector spaces. The analysis relies on distinct type assignments and lexical recipes for subject vs object relativisation. The situation for Dutch is d...
computer science
17,541
On the importance of normative data in speech-based assessment
cs.CL
Data sets for identifying Alzheimer's disease (AD) are often relatively sparse, which limits their ability to train generalizable models. Here, we augment such a data set, DementiaBank, with each of two normative data sets, the Wisconsin Longitudinal Study and Talk2Me, each of which employs a speech-based picture-descr...
computer science
17,542
Text Generation Based on Generative Adversarial Nets with Latent Variable
cs.CL
In this paper, we propose a model using generative adversarial net (GAN) to generate realistic text. Instead of using standard GAN, we combine variational autoencoder (VAE) with generative adversarial net. The use of high-level latent random variables is helpful to learn the data distribution and solve the problem that...
computer science
17,543
Improving Visually Grounded Sentence Representations with Self-Attention
cs.CL
Sentence representation models trained only on language could potentially suffer from the grounding problem. Recent work has shown promising results in improving the qualities of sentence representations by jointly training them with associated image features. However, the grounding capability is limited due to distant...
computer science
17,544
AWE-CM Vectors: Augmenting Word Embeddings with a Clinical Metathesaurus
cs.CL
In recent years, word embeddings have been surprisingly effective at capturing intuitive characteristics of the words they represent. These vectors achieve the best results when training corpora are extremely large, sometimes billions of words. Clinical natural language processing datasets, however, tend to be much sma...
computer science
17,545
Sequence Mining and Pattern Analysis in Drilling Reports with Deep Natural Language Processing
cs.CL
Drilling activities in the oil and gas industry have been reported over decades for thousands of wells on a daily basis, yet the analysis of this text at large-scale for information retrieval, sequence mining, and pattern analysis is very challenging. Drilling reports contain interpretations written by drillers from no...
computer science
17,546
Deep Semantic Role Labeling with Self-Attention
cs.CL
Semantic Role Labeling (SRL) is believed to be a crucial step towards natural language understanding and has been widely studied. Recent years, end-to-end SRL with recurrent neural networks (RNN) has gained increasing attention. However, it remains a major challenge for RNNs to handle structural information and long ra...
computer science
17,547
Phylogenetics of Indo-European Language families via an Algebro-Geometric Analysis of their Syntactic Structures
cs.CL
Using Phylogenetic Algebraic Geometry, we analyze computationally the phylogenetic tree of subfamilies of the Indo-European language family, using data of syntactic structures. The two main sources of syntactic data are the SSWL database and Longobardi's recent data of syntactic parameters. We compute phylogenetic inva...
computer science
17,548
Capturing Reliable Fine-Grained Sentiment Associations by Crowdsourcing and Best-Worst Scaling
cs.CL
Access to word-sentiment associations is useful for many applications, including sentiment analysis, stance detection, and linguistic analysis. However, manually assigning fine-grained sentiment association scores to words has many challenges with respect to keeping annotations consistent. We apply the annotation techn...
computer science
17,549
Best-Worst Scaling More Reliable than Rating Scales: A Case Study on Sentiment Intensity Annotation
cs.CL
Rating scales are a widely used method for data annotation; however, they present several challenges, such as difficulty in maintaining inter- and intra-annotator consistency. Best-worst scaling (BWS) is an alternative method of annotation that is claimed to produce high-quality annotations while keeping the required n...
computer science
17,550
The Effect of Negators, Modals, and Degree Adverbs on Sentiment Composition
cs.CL
Negators, modals, and degree adverbs can significantly affect the sentiment of the words they modify. Often, their impact is modeled with simple heuristics; although, recent work has shown that such heuristics do not capture the true sentiment of multi-word phrases. We created a dataset of phrases that include various ...
computer science
17,551
One for All: Towards Language Independent Named Entity Linking
cs.CL
Entity linking (EL) is the task of disambiguating mentions in text by associating them with entries in a predefined database of mentions (persons, organizations, etc). Most previous EL research has focused mainly on one language, English, with less attention being paid to other languages, such as Spanish or Chinese. In...
computer science
17,552
Neural Cross-Lingual Entity Linking
cs.CL
A major challenge in Entity Linking (EL) is making effective use of contextual information to disambiguate mentions to Wikipedia that might refer to different entities in different contexts. The problem exacerbates with cross-lingual EL which involves linking mentions written in non-English documents to entries in the ...
computer science
17,553
Neural Machine Translation by Generating Multiple Linguistic Factors
cs.CL
Factored neural machine translation (FNMT) is founded on the idea of using the morphological and grammatical decomposition of the words (factors) at the output side of the neural network. This architecture addresses two well-known problems occurring in MT, namely the size of target language vocabulary and the number of...
computer science
17,554
Strong Baselines for Simple Question Answering over Knowledge Graphs with and without Neural Networks
cs.CL
We examine the problem of question answering over knowledge graphs, focusing on simple questions that can be answered by the lookup of a single fact. Adopting a straightforward decomposition of the problem into entity detection, entity linking, relation prediction, and evidence combination, we explore simple yet strong...
computer science
17,555
Dual Attention Network for Product Compatibility and Function Satisfiability Analysis
cs.CL
Product compatibility and their functionality are of utmost importance to customers when they purchase products, and to sellers and manufacturers when they sell products. Due to the huge number of products available online, it is infeasible to enumerate and test the compatibility and functionality of every product. In ...
computer science
17,556
Multi-channel Encoder for Neural Machine Translation
cs.CL
Attention-based Encoder-Decoder has the effective architecture for neural machine translation (NMT), which typically relies on recurrent neural networks (RNN) to build the blocks that will be lately called by attentive reader during the decoding process. This design of encoder yields relatively uniform composition on s...
computer science
17,557
A Novel Embedding Model for Knowledge Base Completion Based on Convolutional Neural Network
cs.CL
In this paper, we propose a novel embedding model, named ConvKB, for knowledge base completion. Our model ConvKB advances state-of-the-art models by employing a convolutional neural network, so that it can capture global relationships and transitional characteristics between entities and relations in knowledge bases. I...
computer science
17,558
Product Function Need Recognition via Semi-supervised Attention Network
cs.CL
Functionality is of utmost importance to customers when they purchase products. However, it is unclear to customers whether a product can really satisfy their needs on functions. Further, missing functions may be intentionally hidden by the manufacturers or the sellers. As a result, a customer needs to spend a fair amo...
computer science
17,559
A Corpus of Deep Argumentative Structures as an Explanation to Argumentative Relations
cs.CL
In this paper, we compose a new task for deep argumentative structure analysis that goes beyond shallow discourse structure analysis. The idea is that argumentative relations can reasonably be represented with a small set of predefined patterns. For example, using value judgment and bipolar causality, we can explain a ...
computer science
17,560
Hungarian Layer: Logics Empowered Neural Architecture
cs.CL
Neural architecture is a purely numeric framework, which fits the data as a continuous function. However, lacking of logic flow (e.g. \textit{if, for, while}), traditional algorithms (e.g. \textit{Hungarian algorithm, A$^*$ searching, decision tress algorithm}) could not be embedded into this paradigm, which limits the...
computer science
17,561
Convolutional Neural Networks for Medical Diagnosis from Admission Notes
cs.CL
$\textbf{Objective}$ Develop an automatic diagnostic system which only uses textual admission information from Electronic Health Records (EHRs) and assist clinicians with a timely and statistically proved decision tool. The hope is that the tool can be used to reduce mis-diagnosis. $\textbf{Materials and Methods}$ We...
computer science
17,562
Effective Neural Solution for Multi-Criteria Word Segmentation
cs.CL
We present a simple yet elegant solution to train a single joint model on multi-criteria corpora for Chinese Word Segmentation (CWS). Our novel design requires no private layers in model architecture, instead, introduces two artificial tokens at the beginning and ending of input sentence to specify the required target ...
computer science
17,563
Sequence to Sequence Networks for Roman-Urdu to Urdu Transliteration
cs.CL
Neural Machine Translation models have replaced the conventional phrase based statistical translation methods since the former takes a generic, scalable, data-driven approach rather than relying on manual, hand-crafted features. The neural machine translation system is based on one neural network that is composed of tw...
computer science
17,564
Characterizing the hyper-parameter space of LSTM language models for mixed context applications
cs.CL
Applying state of the art deep learning models to novel real world datasets gives a practical evaluation of the generalizability of these models. Of importance in this process is how sensitive the hyper parameters of such models are to novel datasets as this would affect the reproducibility of a model. We present work ...
computer science
17,565
Word Sense Disambiguation with LSTM: Do We Really Need 100 Billion Words?
cs.CL
Recently, Yuan et al. (2016) have shown the effectiveness of using Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) for performing Word Sense Disambiguation (WSD). Their proposed technique outperformed the previous state-of-the-art with several benchmarks, but neither the training data nor the source code was released. This paper present...
computer science
17,566
Aspect Extraction and Sentiment Classification of Mobile Apps using App-Store Reviews
cs.CL
Understanding of customer sentiment can be useful for product development. On top of that if the priorities for the development order can be known, then development procedure become simpler. This work has tried to address this issue in the mobile app domain. Along with aspect and opinion extraction this work has also c...
computer science
17,567
Modulating and attending the source image during encoding improves Multimodal Translation
cs.CL
We propose a new and fully end-to-end approach for multimodal translation where the source text encoder modulates the entire visual input processing using conditional batch normalization, in order to compute the most informative image features for our task. Additionally, we propose a new attention mechanism derived fro...
computer science
17,568
Learning Interpretable Spatial Operations in a Rich 3D Blocks World
cs.CL
In this paper, we study the problem of mapping natural language instructions to complex spatial actions in a 3D blocks world. We first introduce a new dataset that pairs complex 3D spatial operations to rich natural language descriptions that require complex spatial and pragmatic interpretations such as "mirroring", "t...
computer science
17,569
Multi-Task Learning for Mental Health using Social Media Text
cs.CL
We introduce initial groundwork for estimating suicide risk and mental health in a deep learning framework. By modeling multiple conditions, the system learns to make predictions about suicide risk and mental health at a low false positive rate. Conditions are modeled as tasks in a multi-task learning (MTL) framework, ...
computer science
17,570
Inducing Interpretability in Knowledge Graph Embeddings
cs.CL
We study the problem of inducing interpretability in KG embeddings. Specifically, we explore the Universal Schema (Riedel et al., 2013) and propose a method to induce interpretability. There have been many vector space models proposed for the problem, however, most of these methods don't address the interpretability (s...
computer science
17,571
Stochastic Answer Networks for Machine Reading Comprehension
cs.CL
We propose a simple yet robust stochastic answer network (SAN) that simulates multi-step reasoning in machine reading comprehension. Compared to previous work such as ReasoNet, the unique feature is the use of a kind of stochastic prediction dropout on the answer module (final layer) of the neural network during the tr...
computer science
17,572
Contextualized Word Representations for Reading Comprehension
cs.CL
Reading a document and extracting an answer to a question about its content has attracted substantial attention recently. While most work has focused on the interaction between the question and the document, in this work we evaluate the importance of context when the question and document are processed independently. W...
computer science
17,573
Scale Up Event Extraction Learning via Automatic Training Data Generation
cs.CL
The task of event extraction has long been investigated in a supervised learning paradigm, which is bound by the number and the quality of the training instances. Existing training data must be manually generated through a combination of expert domain knowledge and extensive human involvement. However, due to drastic e...
computer science
17,574
On the Benefit of Combining Neural, Statistical and External Features for Fake News Identification
cs.CL
Identifying the veracity of a news article is an interesting problem while automating this process can be a challenging task. Detection of a news article as fake is still an open question as it is contingent on many factors which the current state-of-the-art models fail to incorporate. In this paper, we explore a subta...
computer science
17,575
Tracing a Loose Wordhood for Chinese Input Method Engine
cs.CL
Chinese input methods are used to convert pinyin sequence or other Latin encoding systems into Chinese character sentences. For more effective pinyin-to-character conversion, typical Input Method Engines (IMEs) rely on a predefined vocabulary that demands manually maintenance on schedule. For the purpose of removing th...
computer science
17,576
The Zero Resource Speech Challenge 2017
cs.CL
We describe a new challenge aimed at discovering subword and word units from raw speech. This challenge is the followup to the Zero Resource Speech Challenge 2015. It aims at constructing systems that generalize across languages and adapt to new speakers. The design features and evaluation metrics of the challenge are ...
computer science
17,577
Social Media Writing Style Fingerprint
cs.CL
We present our approach for computer-aided social media text authorship attribution based on recent advances in short text authorship verification. We use various natural language techniques to create word-level and character-level models that act as hidden layers to simulate a simple neural network. The choice of word...
computer science
17,578
A User-Study on Online Adaptation of Neural Machine Translation to Human Post-Edits
cs.CL
The advantages of neural machine translation (NMT) have been extensively validated for offline translation of several language pairs for different domains of spoken and written language. However, research on interactive learning of NMT by adaptation to human post-edits has so far been confined to simulation experiments...
computer science
17,579
Passing the Brazilian OAB Exam: data preparation and some experiments
cs.CL
In Brazil, all legal professionals must demonstrate their knowledge of the law and its application by passing the OAB exams, the national bar exams. The OAB exams therefore provide an excellent benchmark for the performance of legal information systems since passing the exam would arguably signal that the system has ac...
computer science
17,580
Learning when to skim and when to read
cs.CL
Many recent advances in deep learning for natural language processing have come at increasing computational cost, but the power of these state-of-the-art models is not needed for every example in a dataset. We demonstrate two approaches to reducing unnecessary computation in cases where a fast but weak baseline classie...
computer science
17,581
Avoiding Echo-Responses in a Retrieval-Based Conversation System
cs.CL
Retrieval-based conversation systems generally tend to rank high responses that are semantically similar or even identical to the given conversation context. While the system's goal is to find the most appropriate response, rather than just semantically similar, this tendency results in low-quality responses. This chal...
computer science
17,582
Hierarchical Text Generation and Planning for Strategic Dialogue
cs.CL
End-to-end models for strategic dialogue are challenging to train, because linguistic and strategic aspects are entangled in latent state vectors. We introduce an approach to generating latent representations of dialogue moves, by inducing sentence representations to maximize the likelihood of subsequent sentences and ...
computer science
17,583
Natural TTS Synthesis by Conditioning WaveNet on Mel Spectrogram Predictions
cs.CL
This paper describes Tacotron 2, a neural network architecture for speech synthesis directly from text. The system is composed of a recurrent sequence-to-sequence feature prediction network that maps character embeddings to mel-scale spectrograms, followed by a modified WaveNet model acting as a vocoder to synthesize t...
computer science
17,584
NegBio: a high-performance tool for negation and uncertainty detection in radiology reports
cs.CL
Negative and uncertain medical findings are frequent in radiology reports, but discriminating them from positive findings remains challenging for information extraction. Here, we propose a new algorithm, NegBio, to detect negative and uncertain findings in radiology reports. Unlike previous rule-based methods, NegBio u...
computer science
17,585
Train Once, Test Anywhere: Zero-Shot Learning for Text Classification
cs.CL
Zero-shot Learners are models capable of predicting unseen classes. In this work, we propose a Zero-shot Learning approach for text categorization. Our method involves training model on a large corpus of sentences to learn the relationship between a sentence and embedding of sentence's tags. Learning such relationship ...
computer science
17,586
Query-Based Abstractive Summarization Using Neural Networks
cs.CL
In this paper, we present a model for generating summaries of text documents with respect to a query. This is known as query-based summarization. We adapt an existing dataset of news article summaries for the task and train a pointer-generator model using this dataset. The generated summaries are evaluated by measuring...
computer science
17,587
Towards a science of human stories: using sentiment analysis and emotional arcs to understand the building blocks of complex social systems
cs.CL
Given the growing assortment of sentiment measuring instruments, it is imperative to understand which aspects of sentiment dictionaries contribute to both their classification accuracy and their ability to provide richer understanding of texts. Here, we perform detailed, quantitative tests and qualitative assessments o...
computer science
17,588
Low Resourced Machine Translation via Morpho-syntactic Modeling: The Case of Dialectal Arabic
cs.CL
We present the second ever evaluated Arabic dialect-to-dialect machine translation effort, and the first to leverage external resources beyond a small parallel corpus. The subject has not previously received serious attention due to lack of naturally occurring parallel data; yet its importance is evidenced by dialectal...
computer science
17,589
A Chinese Dataset with Negative Full Forms for General Abbreviation Prediction
cs.CL
Abbreviation is a common phenomenon across languages, especially in Chinese. In most cases, if an expression can be abbreviated, its abbreviation is used more often than its fully expanded forms, since people tend to convey information in a most concise way. For various language processing tasks, abbreviation is an obs...
computer science
17,590
Detecting Hate Speech in Social Media
cs.CL
In this paper we examine methods to detect hate speech in social media, while distinguishing this from general profanity. We aim to establish lexical baselines for this task by applying supervised classification methods using a recently released dataset annotated for this purpose. As features, our system uses character...
computer science
17,591
word representation or word embedding in Persian text
cs.CL
Text processing is one of the sub-branches of natural language processing. Recently, the use of machine learning and neural networks methods has been given greater consideration. For this reason, the representation of words has become very important. This article is about word representation or converting words into ve...
computer science
17,592
Subword and Crossword Units for CTC Acoustic Models
cs.CL
This paper proposes a novel approach to create an unit set for CTC based speech recognition systems. By using Byte Pair Encoding we learn an unit set of an arbitrary size on a given training text. In contrast to using characters or words as units this allows us to find a good trade-off between the size of our unit set ...
computer science
17,593
Analogy Mining for Specific Design Needs
cs.CL
Finding analogical inspirations in distant domains is a powerful way of solving problems. However, as the number of inspirations that could be matched and the dimensions on which that matching could occur grow, it becomes challenging for designers to find inspirations relevant to their needs. Furthermore, designers are...
computer science
17,594
Unsupervised Word Mapping Using Structural Similarities in Monolingual Embeddings
cs.CL
Most existing methods for automatic bilingual dictionary induction rely on prior alignments between the source and target languages, such as parallel corpora or seed dictionaries. For many language pairs, such supervised alignments are not readily available. We propose an unsupervised approach for learning a bilingual ...
computer science
17,595
DeepNorm-A Deep Learning Approach to Text Normalization
cs.CL
This paper presents an simple yet sophisticated approach to the challenge by Sproat and Jaitly (2016)- given a large corpus of written text aligned to its normalized spoken form, train an RNN to learn the correct normalization function. Text normalization for a token seems very straightforward without it's context. But...
computer science
17,596
Attentive Memory Networks: Efficient Machine Reading for Conversational Search
cs.CL
Recent advances in conversational systems have changed the search paradigm. Traditionally, a user poses a query to a search engine that returns an answer based on its index, possibly leveraging external knowledge bases and conditioning the response on earlier interactions in the search session. In a natural conversatio...
computer science
17,597
An Ensemble Model with Ranking for Social Dialogue
cs.CL
Open-domain social dialogue is one of the long-standing goals of Artificial Intelligence. This year, the Amazon Alexa Prize challenge was announced for the first time, where real customers get to rate systems developed by leading universities worldwide. The aim of the challenge is to converse "coherently and engagingly...
computer science
17,598
The Character Thinks Ahead: creative writing with deep learning nets and its stylistic assessment
cs.CL
We discuss how to control outputs from deep learning models of text corpora so as to create contemporary poetic works. We assess whether these controls are successful in the immediate sense of creating stylo- metric distinctiveness. The specific context is our piece The Character Thinks Ahead (2016/17); the potential a...
computer science
17,599
Variational Attention for Sequence-to-Sequence Models
cs.CL
The variational encoder-decoder (VED) encodes source information as a set of random variables using a neural network, which in turn is decoded into target data using another neural network. In natural language processing, sequence-to-sequence (Seq2Seq) models typically serve as encoder-decoder networks. When combined w...
computer science
17,600
TFW, DamnGina, Juvie, and Hotsie-Totsie: On the Linguistic and Social Aspects of Internet Slang
cs.CL
Slang is ubiquitous on the Internet. The emergence of new social contexts like micro-blogs, question-answering forums, and social networks has enabled slang and non-standard expressions to abound on the web. Despite this, slang has been traditionally viewed as a form of non-standard language -- a form of language that ...
computer science
17,601
Source-side Prediction for Neural Headline Generation
cs.CL
The encoder-decoder model is widely used in natural language generation tasks. However, the model sometimes suffers from repeated redundant generation, misses important phrases, and includes irrelevant entities. Toward solving these problems we propose a novel source-side token prediction module. Our method jointly est...
computer science