Unnamed: 0
int64
0
41k
title
stringlengths
4
274
category
stringlengths
5
18
summary
stringlengths
22
3.66k
theme
stringclasses
8 values
18,602
Accelerating Reinforcement Learning by Composing Solutions of Automatically Identified Subtasks
cs.AI
This paper discusses a system that accelerates reinforcement learning by using transfer from related tasks. Without such transfer, even if two tasks are very similar at some abstract level, an extensive re-learning effort is required. The system achieves much of its power by transferring parts of previously learned sol...
computer science
18,603
Parameter Learning of Logic Programs for Symbolic-Statistical Modeling
cs.AI
We propose a logical/mathematical framework for statistical parameter learning of parameterized logic programs, i.e. definite clause programs containing probabilistic facts with a parameterized distribution. It extends the traditional least Herbrand model semantics in logic programming to distribution semantics, possib...
computer science
18,604
Finding a Path is Harder than Finding a Tree
cs.AI
I consider the problem of learning an optimal path graphical model from data and show the problem to be NP-hard for the maximum likelihood and minimum description length approaches and a Bayesian approach. This hardness result holds despite the fact that the problem is a restriction of the polynomially solvable problem...
computer science
18,605
Extensions of Simple Conceptual Graphs: the Complexity of Rules and Constraints
cs.AI
Simple conceptual graphs are considered as the kernel of most knowledge representation formalisms built upon Sowa's model. Reasoning in this model can be expressed by a graph homomorphism called projection, whose semantics is usually given in terms of positive, conjunctive, existential FOL. We present here a family of ...
computer science
18,606
Fusions of Description Logics and Abstract Description Systems
cs.AI
Fusions are a simple way of combining logics. For normal modal logics, fusions have been investigated in detail. In particular, it is known that, under certain conditions, decidability transfers from the component logics to their fusion. Though description logics are closely related to modal logics, they are not necess...
computer science
18,607
Improving the Efficiency of Inductive Logic Programming Through the Use of Query Packs
cs.AI
Inductive logic programming, or relational learning, is a powerful paradigm for machine learning or data mining. However, in order for ILP to become practically useful, the efficiency of ILP systems must improve substantially. To this end, the notion of a query pack is introduced: it structures sets of similar queries....
computer science
18,608
A Critical Assessment of Benchmark Comparison in Planning
cs.AI
Recent trends in planning research have led to empirical comparison becoming commonplace. The field has started to settle into a methodology for such comparisons, which for obvious practical reasons requires running a subset of planners on a subset of problems. In this paper, we characterize the methodology and examine...
computer science
18,609
SMOTE: Synthetic Minority Over-sampling Technique
cs.AI
An approach to the construction of classifiers from imbalanced datasets is described. A dataset is imbalanced if the classification categories are not approximately equally represented. Often real-world data sets are predominately composed of "normal" examples with only a small percentage of "abnormal" or "interesting"...
computer science
18,610
When do Numbers Really Matter?
cs.AI
Common wisdom has it that small distinctions in the probabilities (parameters) quantifying a belief network do not matter much for the results of probabilistic queries. Yet, one can develop realistic scenarios under which small variations in network parameters can lead to significant changes in computed queries. A pend...
computer science
18,611
Monitoring Teams by Overhearing: A Multi-Agent Plan-Recognition Approach
cs.AI
Recent years are seeing an increasing need for on-line monitoring of teams of cooperating agents, e.g., for visualization, or performance tracking. However, in monitoring deployed teams, we often cannot rely on the agents to always communicate their state to the monitoring system. This paper presents a non-intrusive ap...
computer science
18,612
Automatically Training a Problematic Dialogue Predictor for a Spoken Dialogue System
cs.AI
Spoken dialogue systems promise efficient and natural access to a large variety of information sources and services from any phone. However, current spoken dialogue systems are deficient in their strategies for preventing, identifying and repairing problems that arise in the conversation. This paper reports results on ...
computer science
18,613
Inducing Interpretable Voting Classifiers without Trading Accuracy for Simplicity: Theoretical Results, Approximation Algorithms
cs.AI
Recent advances in the study of voting classification algorithms have brought empirical and theoretical results clearly showing the discrimination power of ensemble classifiers. It has been previously argued that the search of this classification power in the design of the algorithms has marginalized the need to obtain...
computer science
18,614
A Knowledge Compilation Map
cs.AI
We propose a perspective on knowledge compilation which calls for analyzing different compilation approaches according to two key dimensions: the succinctness of the target compilation language, and the class of queries and transformations that the language supports in polytime. We then provide a knowledge compilation ...
computer science
18,615
Inferring Strategies for Sentence Ordering in Multidocument News Summarization
cs.AI
The problem of organizing information for multidocument summarization so that the generated summary is coherent has received relatively little attention. While sentence ordering for single document summarization can be determined from the ordering of sentences in the input article, this is not the case for multidocumen...
computer science
18,616
Collective Intelligence, Data Routing and Braess' Paradox
cs.AI
We consider the problem of designing the the utility functions of the utility-maximizing agents in a multi-agent system so that they work synergistically to maximize a global utility. The particular problem domain we explore is the control of network routing by placing agents on all the routers in the network. Conventi...
computer science
18,617
Efficient Solution Algorithms for Factored MDPs
cs.AI
This paper addresses the problem of planning under uncertainty in large Markov Decision Processes (MDPs). Factored MDPs represent a complex state space using state variables and the transition model using a dynamic Bayesian network. This representation often allows an exponential reduction in the representation size of...
computer science
18,618
Intelligent decision: towards interpreting the Pe Algorithm
cs.AI
The human intelligence lies in the algorithm, the nature of algorithm lies in the classification, and the classification is equal to outlier detection. A lot of algorithms have been proposed to detect outliers, meanwhile a lot of definitions. Unsatisfying point is that definitions seem vague, which makes the solution a...
computer science
18,619
A Linear Time Natural Evolution Strategy for Non-Separable Functions
cs.AI
We present a novel Natural Evolution Strategy (NES) variant, the Rank-One NES (R1-NES), which uses a low rank approximation of the search distribution covariance matrix. The algorithm allows computation of the natural gradient with cost linear in the dimensionality of the parameter space, and excels in solving high-dim...
computer science
18,620
From Causal Models To Counterfactual Structures
cs.AI
Galles and Pearl claimed that "for recursive models, the causal model framework does not add any restrictions to counterfactuals, beyond those imposed by Lewis's [possible-worlds] framework." This claim is examined carefully, with the goal of clarifying the exact relationship between causal models and Lewis's framework...
computer science
18,621
Actual causation and the art of modeling
cs.AI
We look more carefully at the modeling of causality using structural equations. It is clear that the structural equations can have a major impact on the conclusions we draw about causality. In particular, the choice of variables and their values can also have a significant impact on causality. These choices are, to som...
computer science
18,622
Generating Schemata of Resolution Proofs
cs.AI
Two distinct algorithms are presented to extract (schemata of) resolution proofs from closed tableaux for propositional schemata. The first one handles the most efficient version of the tableau calculus but generates very complex derivations (denoted by rather elaborate rewrite systems). The second one has the advantag...
computer science
18,623
Random forest models of the retention constants in the thin layer chromatography
cs.AI
In the current study we examine an application of the machine learning methods to model the retention constants in the thin layer chromatography (TLC). This problem can be described with hundreds or even thousands of descriptors relevant to various molecular properties, most of them redundant and not relevant for the r...
computer science
18,624
Uncertainty in Ontologies: Dempster-Shafer Theory for Data Fusion Applications
cs.AI
Nowadays ontologies present a growing interest in Data Fusion applications. As a matter of fact, the ontologies are seen as a semantic tool for describing and reasoning about sensor data, objects, relations and general domain theories. In addition, uncertainty is perhaps one of the most important characteristics of the...
computer science
18,625
Coincidences and the encounter problem: A formal account
cs.AI
Individuals have an intuitive perception of what makes a good coincidence. Though the sensitivity to coincidences has often been presented as resulting from an erroneous assessment of probability, it appears to be a genuine competence, based on non-trivial computations. The model presented here suggests that coincidenc...
computer science
18,626
Rooting opinions in the minds: a cognitive model and a formal account of opinions and their dynamics
cs.AI
The study of opinions, their formation and change, is one of the defining topics addressed by social psychology, but in recent years other disciplines, like computer science and complexity, have tried to deal with this issue. Despite the flourishing of different models and theories in both fields, several key questions...
computer science
18,627
Understanding opinions. A cognitive and formal account
cs.AI
The study of opinions, their formation and change, is one of the defining topics addressed by social psychology, but in recent years other disciplines, as computer science and complexity, have addressed this challenge. Despite the flourishing of different models and theories in both fields, several key questions still ...
computer science
18,628
Learning When Training Data are Costly: The Effect of Class Distribution on Tree Induction
cs.AI
For large, real-world inductive learning problems, the number of training examples often must be limited due to the costs associated with procuring, preparing, and storing the training examples and/or the computational costs associated with learning from them. In such circumstances, one question of practical importance...
computer science
18,629
PDDL2.1: An Extension to PDDL for Expressing Temporal Planning Domains
cs.AI
In recent years research in the planning community has moved increasingly toward s application of planners to realistic problems involving both time and many typ es of resources. For example, interest in planning demonstrated by the space res earch community has inspired work in observation scheduling, planetary rover ...
computer science
18,630
The Communicative Multiagent Team Decision Problem: Analyzing Teamwork Theories and Models
cs.AI
Despite the significant progress in multiagent teamwork, existing research does not address the optimality of its prescriptions nor the complexity of the teamwork problem. Without a characterization of the optimality-complexity tradeoffs, it is impossible to determine whether the assumptions and approximations made by ...
computer science
18,631
Towards Adjustable Autonomy for the Real World
cs.AI
Adjustable autonomy refers to entities dynamically varying their own autonomy, transferring decision-making control to other entities (typically agents transferring control to human users) in key situations. Determining whether and when such transfers-of-control should occur is arguably the fundamental research problem...
computer science
18,632
An Analysis of Phase Transition in NK Landscapes
cs.AI
In this paper, we analyze the decision version of the NK landscape model from the perspective of threshold phenomena and phase transitions under two random distributions, the uniform probability model and the fixed ratio model. For the uniform probability model, we prove that the phase transition is easy in the sense t...
computer science
18,633
Expert-Guided Subgroup Discovery: Methodology and Application
cs.AI
This paper presents an approach to expert-guided subgroup discovery. The main step of the subgroup discovery process, the induction of subgroup descriptions, is performed by a heuristic beam search algorithm, using a novel parametrized definition of rule quality which is analyzed in detail. The other important steps of...
computer science
18,634
Propositional Independence - Formula-Variable Independence and Forgetting
cs.AI
Independence -- the study of what is relevant to a given problem of reasoning -- has received an increasing attention from the AI community. In this paper, we consider two basic forms of independence, namely, a syntactic one and a semantic one. We show features and drawbacks of them. In particular, while the syntactic ...
computer science
18,635
Monte Carlo Methods for Tempo Tracking and Rhythm Quantization
cs.AI
We present a probabilistic generative model for timing deviations in expressive music performance. The structure of the proposed model is equivalent to a switching state space model. The switch variables correspond to discrete note locations as in a musical score. The continuous hidden variables denote the tempo. We fo...
computer science
18,636
Exploiting Contextual Independence In Probabilistic Inference
cs.AI
Bayesian belief networks have grown to prominence because they provide compact representations for many problems for which probabilistic inference is appropriate, and there are algorithms to exploit this compactness. The next step is to allow compact representations of the conditional probabilities of a variable given ...
computer science
18,637
Bound Propagation
cs.AI
In this article we present an algorithm to compute bounds on the marginals of a graphical model. For several small clusters of nodes upper and lower bounds on the marginal values are computed independently of the rest of the network. The range of allowed probability distributions over the surrounding nodes is restricte...
computer science
18,638
On Polynomial Sized MDP Succinct Policies
cs.AI
Policies of Markov Decision Processes (MDPs) determine the next action to execute from the current state and, possibly, the history (the past states). When the number of states is large, succinct representations are often used to compactly represent both the MDPs and the policies in a reduced amount of space. In this p...
computer science
18,639
Compiling Causal Theories to Successor State Axioms and STRIPS-Like Systems
cs.AI
We describe a system for specifying the effects of actions. Unlike those commonly used in AI planning, our system uses an action description language that allows one to specify the effects of actions using domain rules, which are state constraints that can entail new action effects from old ones. Declaratively, an acti...
computer science
18,640
VHPOP: Versatile Heuristic Partial Order Planner
cs.AI
VHPOP is a partial order causal link (POCL) planner loosely based on UCPOP. It draws from the experience gained in the early to mid 1990's on flaw selection strategies for POCL planning, and combines this with more recent developments in the field of domain independent planning such as distance based heuristics and rea...
computer science
18,641
SHOP2: An HTN Planning System
cs.AI
The SHOP2 planning system received one of the awards for distinguished performance in the 2002 International Planning Competition. This paper describes the features of SHOP2 which enabled it to excel in the competition, especially those aspects of SHOP2 that deal with temporal and metric planning domains.
computer science
18,642
An Architectural Approach to Ensuring Consistency in Hierarchical Execution
cs.AI
Hierarchical task decomposition is a method used in many agent systems to organize agent knowledge. This work shows how the combination of a hierarchy and persistent assertions of knowledge can lead to difficulty in maintaining logical consistency in asserted knowledge. We explore the problematic consequences of persis...
computer science
18,643
Wrapper Maintenance: A Machine Learning Approach
cs.AI
The proliferation of online information sources has led to an increased use of wrappers for extracting data from Web sources. While most of the previous research has focused on quick and efficient generation of wrappers, the development of tools for wrapper maintenance has received less attention. This is an important ...
computer science
18,644
Exploiting Reputation in Distributed Virtual Environments
cs.AI
The cognitive research on reputation has shown several interesting properties that can improve both the quality of services and the security in distributed electronic environments. In this paper, the impact of reputation on decision-making under scarcity of information will be shown. First, a cognitive theory of reputa...
computer science
18,645
The All Relevant Feature Selection using Random Forest
cs.AI
In this paper we examine the application of the random forest classifier for the all relevant feature selection problem. To this end we first examine two recently proposed all relevant feature selection algorithms, both being a random forest wrappers, on a series of synthetic data sets with varying size. We show that r...
computer science
18,646
Structure and Complexity in Planning with Unary Operators
cs.AI
Unary operator domains -- i.e., domains in which operators have a single effect -- arise naturally in many control problems. In its most general form, the problem of STRIPS planning in unary operator domains is known to be as hard as the general STRIPS planning problem -- both are PSPACE-complete. However, unary operat...
computer science
18,647
Answer Set Planning Under Action Costs
cs.AI
Recently, planning based on answer set programming has been proposed as an approach towards realizing declarative planning systems. In this paper, we present the language Kc, which extends the declarative planning language K by action costs. Kc provides the notion of admissible and optimal plans, which are plans whose ...
computer science
18,648
Learning to Coordinate Efficiently: A Model-based Approach
cs.AI
In common-interest stochastic games all players receive an identical payoff. Players participating in such games must learn to coordinate with each other in order to receive the highest-possible value. A number of reinforcement learning algorithms have been proposed for this problem, and some have been shown to converg...
computer science
18,649
SAPA: A Multi-objective Metric Temporal Planner
cs.AI
SAPA is a domain-independent heuristic forward chaining planner that can handle durative actions, metric resource constraints, and deadline goals. It is designed to be capable of handling the multi-objective nature of metric temporal planning. Our technical contributions include (i) planning-graph based methods for der...
computer science
18,650
A New General Method to Generate Random Modal Formulae for Testing Decision Procedures
cs.AI
The recent emergence of heavily-optimized modal decision procedures has highlighted the key role of empirical testing in this domain. Unfortunately, the introduction of extensive empirical tests for modal logics is recent, and so far none of the proposed test generators is very satisfactory. To cope with this fact, we ...
computer science
18,651
AltAltp: Online Parallelization of Plans with Heuristic State Search
cs.AI
Despite their near dominance, heuristic state search planners still lag behind disjunctive planners in the generation of parallel plans in classical planning. The reason is that directly searching for parallel solutions in state space planners would require the planners to branch on all possible subsets of parallel act...
computer science
18,652
New Polynomial Classes for Logic-Based Abduction
cs.AI
We address the problem of propositional logic-based abduction, i.e., the problem of searching for a best explanation for a given propositional observation according to a given propositional knowledge base. We give a general algorithm, based on the notion of projection; then we study restrictions over the representation...
computer science
18,653
Planning Through Stochastic Local Search and Temporal Action Graphs in LPG
cs.AI
We present some techniques for planning in domains specified with the recent standard language PDDL2.1, supporting 'durative actions' and numerical quantities. These techniques are implemented in LPG, a domain-independent planner that took part in the 3rd International Planning Competition (IPC). LPG is an incremental,...
computer science
18,654
TALplanner in IPC-2002: Extensions and Control Rules
cs.AI
TALplanner is a forward-chaining planner that relies on domain knowledge in the shape of temporal logic formulas in order to prune irrelevant parts of the search space. TALplanner recently participated in the third International Planning Competition, which had a clear emphasis on increasing the complexity of the proble...
computer science
18,655
Temporal Decision Trees: Model-based Diagnosis of Dynamic Systems On-Board
cs.AI
The automatic generation of decision trees based on off-line reasoning on models of a domain is a reasonable compromise between the advantages of using a model-based approach in technical domains and the constraints imposed by embedded applications. In this paper we extend the approach to deal with temporal information...
computer science
18,656
Optimal Schedules for Parallelizing Anytime Algorithms: The Case of Shared Resources
cs.AI
The performance of anytime algorithms can be improved by simultaneously solving several instances of algorithm-problem pairs. These pairs may include different instances of a problem (such as starting from a different initial state), different algorithms (if several alternatives exist), or several runs of the same algo...
computer science
18,657
Decision-Theoretic Bidding Based on Learned Density Models in Simultaneous, Interacting Auctions
cs.AI
Auctions are becoming an increasingly popular method for transacting business, especially over the Internet. This article presents a general approach to building autonomous bidding agents to bid in multiple simultaneous auctions for interacting goods. A core component of our approach learns a model of the empirical pri...
computer science
18,658
The Metric-FF Planning System: Translating "Ignoring Delete Lists" to Numeric State Variables
cs.AI
Planning with numeric state variables has been a challenge for many years, and was a part of the 3rd International Planning Competition (IPC-3). Currently one of the most popular and successful algorithmic techniques in STRIPS planning is to guide search by a heuristic function, where the heuristic is based on relaxing...
computer science
18,659
Manipulation of Nanson's and Baldwin's Rules
cs.AI
Nanson's and Baldwin's voting rules select a winner by successively eliminating candidates with low Borda scores. We show that these rules have a number of desirable computational properties. In particular, with unweighted votes, it is NP-hard to manipulate either rule with one manipulator, whilst with weighted votes, ...
computer science
18,660
Theory and Algorithms for Partial Order Based Reduction in Planning
cs.AI
Search is a major technique for planning. It amounts to exploring a state space of planning domains typically modeled as a directed graph. However, prohibitively large sizes of the search space make search expensive. Developing better heuristic functions has been the main technique for improving search efficiency. Neve...
computer science
18,661
A Comparison of Lex Bounds for Multiset Variables in Constraint Programming
cs.AI
Set and multiset variables in constraint programming have typically been represented using subset bounds. However, this is a weak representation that neglects potentially useful information about a set such as its cardinality. For set variables, the length-lex (LL) representation successfully provides information about...
computer science
18,662
The 3rd International Planning Competition: Results and Analysis
cs.AI
This paper reports the outcome of the third in the series of biennial international planning competitions, held in association with the International Conference on AI Planning and Scheduling (AIPS) in 2002. In addition to describing the domains, the planners and the objectives of the competition, the paper includes ana...
computer science
18,663
Use of Markov Chains to Design an Agent Bidding Strategy for Continuous Double Auctions
cs.AI
As computational agents are developed for increasingly complicated e-commerce applications, the complexity of the decisions they face demands advances in artificial intelligence techniques. For example, an agent representing a seller in an auction should try to maximize the seller's profit by reasoning about a variety ...
computer science
18,664
Reasoning in the OWL 2 Full Ontology Language using First-Order Automated Theorem Proving
cs.AI
OWL 2 has been standardized by the World Wide Web Consortium (W3C) as a family of ontology languages for the Semantic Web. The most expressive of these languages is OWL 2 Full, but to date no reasoner has been implemented for this language. Consistency and entailment checking are known to be undecidable for OWL 2 Full....
computer science
18,665
'Just Enough' Ontology Engineering
cs.AI
This paper introduces 'just enough' principles and 'systems engineering' approach to the practice of ontology development to provide a minimal yet complete, lightweight, agile and integrated development process, supportive of stakeholder management and implementation independence.
computer science
18,666
Conscious Machines and Consciousness Oriented Programming
cs.AI
In this paper, we investigate the following question: how could you write such computer programs that can work like conscious beings? The motivation behind this question is that we want to create such applications that can see the future. The aim of this paper is to provide an overall conceptual framework for this new ...
computer science
18,667
A First Approach on Modelling Staff Proactiveness in Retail Simulation Models
cs.AI
There has been a noticeable shift in the relative composition of the industry in the developed countries in recent years; manufacturing is decreasing while the service sector is becoming more important. However, currently most simulation models for investigating service systems are still built in the same way as manufa...
computer science
18,668
Reiter's Default Logic Is a Logic of Autoepistemic Reasoning And a Good One, Too
cs.AI
A fact apparently not observed earlier in the literature of nonmonotonic reasoning is that Reiter, in his default logic paper, did not directly formalize informal defaults. Instead, he translated a default into a certain natural language proposition and provided a formalization of the latter. A few years later, Moore n...
computer science
18,669
Revisiting Epistemic Specifications
cs.AI
In 1991, Michael Gelfond introduced the language of epistemic specifications. The goal was to develop tools for modeling problems that require some form of meta-reasoning, that is, reasoning over multiple possible worlds. Despite their relevance to knowledge representation, epistemic specifications have received relati...
computer science
18,670
Origins of Answer-Set Programming - Some Background And Two Personal Accounts
cs.AI
We discuss the evolution of aspects of nonmonotonic reasoning towards the computational paradigm of answer-set programming (ASP). We give a general overview of the roots of ASP and follow up with the personal perspective on research developments that helped verbalize the main principles of ASP and differentiated it fro...
computer science
18,671
Doing Better Than UCT: Rational Monte Carlo Sampling in Trees
cs.AI
UCT, a state-of-the art algorithm for Monte Carlo tree sampling (MCTS), is based on UCB, a sampling policy for the Multi-armed Bandit Problem (MAB) that minimizes the accumulated regret. However, MCTS differs from MAB in that only the final choice, rather than all arm pulls, brings a reward, that is, the simple regret,...
computer science
18,672
Self-Organizing Mixture Networks for Representation of Grayscale Digital Images
cs.AI
Self-Organizing Maps are commonly used for unsupervised learning purposes. This paper is dedicated to the certain modification of SOM called SOMN (Self-Organizing Mixture Networks) used as a mechanism for representing grayscale digital images. Any grayscale digital image regarded as a distribution function can be appro...
computer science
18,673
Detection and emergence
cs.AI
Two different conceptions of emergence are reconciled as two instances of the phenomenon of detection. In the process of comparing these two conceptions, we find that the notions of complexity and detection allow us to form a unified definition of emergence that clearly delineates the role of the observer.
computer science
18,674
dynPARTIX - A Dynamic Programming Reasoner for Abstract Argumentation
cs.AI
The aim of this paper is to announce the release of a novel system for abstract argumentation which is based on decomposition and dynamic programming. We provide first experimental evaluations to show the feasibility of this approach.
computer science
18,675
Making Use of Advances in Answer-Set Programming for Abstract Argumentation Systems
cs.AI
Dung's famous abstract argumentation frameworks represent the core formalism for many problems and applications in the field of argumentation which significantly evolved within the last decade. Recent work in the field has thus focused on implementations for these frameworks, whereby one of the main approaches is to us...
computer science
18,676
Verbal Characterization of Probabilistic Clusters using Minimal Discriminative Propositions
cs.AI
In a knowledge discovery process, interpretation and evaluation of the mined results are indispensable in practice. In the case of data clustering, however, it is often difficult to see in what aspect each cluster has been formed. This paper proposes a method for automatic and objective characterization or "verbalizati...
computer science
18,677
Single-trial EEG Discrimination between Wrist and Finger Movement Imagery and Execution in a Sensorimotor BCI
cs.AI
A brain-computer interface (BCI) may be used to control a prosthetic or orthotic hand using neural activity from the brain. The core of this sensorimotor BCI lies in the interpretation of the neural information extracted from electroencephalogram (EEG). It is desired to improve on the interpretation of EEG to allow peo...
computer science
18,678
FdConfig: A Constraint-Based Interactive Product Configurator
cs.AI
We present a constraint-based approach to interactive product configuration. Our configurator tool FdConfig is based on feature models for the representation of the product domain. Such models can be directly mapped into constraint satisfaction problems and dealt with by appropriate constraint solvers. During the inter...
computer science
18,679
Nested HEX-Programs
cs.AI
Answer-Set Programming (ASP) is an established declarative programming paradigm. However, classical ASP lacks subprogram calls as in procedural programming, and access to external computations (like remote procedure calls) in general. The feature is desired for increasing modularity and---assuming proper access in plac...
computer science
18,680
Structure Selection from Streaming Relational Data
cs.AI
Statistical relational learning techniques have been successfully applied in a wide range of relational domains. In most of these applications, the human designers capitalized on their background knowledge by following a trial-and-error trajectory, where relational features are manually defined by a human engineer, par...
computer science
18,681
A Constraint Logic Programming Approach for Computing Ordinal Conditional Functions
cs.AI
In order to give appropriate semantics to qualitative conditionals of the form "if A then normally B", ordinal conditional functions (OCFs) ranking the possible worlds according to their degree of plausibility can be used. An OCF accepting all conditionals of a knowledge base R can be characterized as the solution of a...
computer science
18,682
Confidentiality-Preserving Data Publishing for Credulous Users by Extended Abduction
cs.AI
Publishing private data on external servers incurs the problem of how to avoid unwanted disclosure of confidential data. We study a problem of confidentiality in extended disjunctive logic programs and show how it can be solved by extended abduction. In particular, we analyze how credulous non-monotonic reasoning affec...
computer science
18,683
Domain-specific Languages in a Finite Domain Constraint Programming System
cs.AI
In this paper, we present domain-specific languages (DSLs) that we devised for their use in the implementation of a finite domain constraint programming system, available as library(clpfd) in SWI-Prolog and YAP-Prolog. These DSLs are used in propagator selection and constraint reification. In these areas, they lead to ...
computer science
18,684
Coprocessor - a Standalone SAT Preprocessor
cs.AI
In this work a stand-alone preprocessor for SAT is presented that is able to perform most of the known preprocessing techniques. Preprocessing a formula in SAT is important for performance since redundancy can be removed. The preprocessor is part of the SAT solver riss and is called Coprocessor. Not only riss, but also...
computer science
18,685
Causes of Ineradicable Spurious Predictions in Qualitative Simulation
cs.AI
It was recently proved that a sound and complete qualitative simulator does not exist, that is, as long as the input-output vocabulary of the state-of-the-art QSIM algorithm is used, there will always be input models which cause any simulator with a coverage guarantee to make spurious predictions in its output. In this...
computer science
18,686
Properties and Applications of Programs with Monotone and Convex Constraints
cs.AI
We study properties of programs with monotone and convex constraints. We extend to these formalisms concepts and results from normal logic programming. They include the notions of strong and uniform equivalence with their characterizations, tight programs and Fages Lemma, program completion and loop formulas. Our resul...
computer science
18,687
How the Landscape of Random Job Shop Scheduling Instances Depends on the Ratio of Jobs to Machines
cs.AI
We characterize the search landscape of random instances of the job shop scheduling problem (JSP). Specifically, we investigate how the expected values of (1) backbone size, (2) distance between near-optimal schedules, and (3) makespan of random schedules vary as a function of the job to machine ratio (N/M). For the li...
computer science
18,688
Preference-based Search using Example-Critiquing with Suggestions
cs.AI
We consider interactive tools that help users search for their most preferred item in a large collection of options. In particular, we examine example-critiquing, a technique for enabling users to incrementally construct preference models by critiquing example options that are presented to them. We present novel techni...
computer science
18,689
Anytime Point-Based Approximations for Large POMDPs
cs.AI
The Partially Observable Markov Decision Process has long been recognized as a rich framework for real-world planning and control problems, especially in robotics. However exact solutions in this framework are typically computationally intractable for all but the smallest problems. A well-known technique for speeding u...
computer science
18,690
Solving Factored MDPs with Hybrid State and Action Variables
cs.AI
Efficient representations and solutions for large decision problems with continuous and discrete variables are among the most important challenges faced by the designers of automated decision support systems. In this paper, we describe a novel hybrid factored Markov decision process (MDP) model that allows for a compac...
computer science
18,691
Combination Strategies for Semantic Role Labeling
cs.AI
This paper introduces and analyzes a battery of inference models for the problem of semantic role labeling: one based on constraint satisfaction, and several strategies that model the inference as a meta-learning problem using discriminative classifiers. These classifiers are developed with a rich set of novel features...
computer science
18,692
A Behavioral Distance for Fuzzy-Transition Systems
cs.AI
In contrast to the existing approaches to bisimulation for fuzzy systems, we introduce a behavioral distance to measure the behavioral similarity of states in a nondeterministic fuzzy-transition system. This behavioral distance is defined as the greatest fixed point of a suitable monotonic function and provides a quant...
computer science
18,693
Engineering Benchmarks for Planning: the Domains Used in the Deterministic Part of IPC-4
cs.AI
In a field of research about general reasoning mechanisms, it is essential to have appropriate benchmarks. Ideally, the benchmarks should reflect possible applications of the developed technology. In AI Planning, researchers more and more tend to draw their testing examples from the benchmark collections used in the In...
computer science
18,694
Modelling Mixed Discrete-Continuous Domains for Planning
cs.AI
In this paper we present pddl+, a planning domain description language for modelling mixed discrete-continuous planning domains. We describe the syntax and modelling style of pddl+, showing that the language makes convenient the modelling of complex time-dependent effects. We provide a formal semantics for pddl+ by map...
computer science
18,695
Set Intersection and Consistency in Constraint Networks
cs.AI
In this paper, we show that there is a close relation between consistency in a constraint network and set intersection. A proof schema is provided as a generic way to obtain consistency properties from properties on set intersection. This approach not only simplifies the understanding of and unifies many existing consi...
computer science
18,696
Consistency and Random Constraint Satisfaction Models
cs.AI
In this paper, we study the possibility of designing non-trivial random CSP models by exploiting the intrinsic connection between structures and typical-case hardness. We show that constraint consistency, a notion that has been developed to improve the efficiency of CSP algorithms, is in fact the key to the design of r...
computer science
18,697
Answer Sets for Logic Programs with Arbitrary Abstract Constraint Atoms
cs.AI
In this paper, we present two alternative approaches to defining answer sets for logic programs with arbitrary types of abstract constraint atoms (c-atoms). These approaches generalize the fixpoint-based and the level mapping based answer set semantics of normal logic programs to the case of logic programs with arbitra...
computer science
18,698
Bin Completion Algorithms for Multicontainer Packing, Knapsack, and Covering Problems
cs.AI
Many combinatorial optimization problems such as the bin packing and multiple knapsack problems involve assigning a set of discrete objects to multiple containers. These problems can be used to model task and resource allocation problems in multi-agent systems and distributed systms, and can also be found as subproblem...
computer science
18,699
Uncertainty in Soft Temporal Constraint Problems:A General Framework and Controllability Algorithms forThe Fuzzy Case
cs.AI
In real-life temporal scenarios, uncertainty and preferences are often essential and coexisting aspects. We present a formalism where quantitative temporal constraints with both preferences and uncertainty can be defined. We show how three classical notions of controllability (that is, strong, weak, and dynamic), which...
computer science
18,700
Supporting Temporal Reasoning by Mapping Calendar Expressions to Minimal Periodic Sets
cs.AI
In the recent years several research efforts have focused on the concept of time granularity and its applications. A first stream of research investigated the mathematical models behind the notion of granularity and the algorithms to manage temporal data based on those models. A second stream of research investigated s...
computer science
18,701
The Generalized A* Architecture
cs.AI
We consider the problem of computing a lightest derivation of a global structure using a set of weighted rules. A large variety of inference problems in AI can be formulated in this framework. We generalize A* search and heuristics derived from abstractions to a broad class of lightest derivation problems. We also desc...
computer science