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20,502
Consciousness is Pattern Recognition
cs.AI
This is a proof of the strong AI hypothesis, i.e. that machines can be conscious. It is a phenomenological proof that pattern-recognition and subjective consciousness are the same activity in different terms. Therefore, it proves that essential subjective processes of consciousness are computable, and identifies signif...
computer science
20,503
Self-Modification of Policy and Utility Function in Rational Agents
cs.AI
Any agent that is part of the environment it interacts with and has versatile actuators (such as arms and fingers), will in principle have the ability to self-modify -- for example by changing its own source code. As we continue to create more and more intelligent agents, chances increase that they will learn about thi...
computer science
20,504
Avoiding Wireheading with Value Reinforcement Learning
cs.AI
How can we design good goals for arbitrarily intelligent agents? Reinforcement learning (RL) is a natural approach. Unfortunately, RL does not work well for generally intelligent agents, as RL agents are incentivised to shortcut the reward sensor for maximum reward -- the so-called wireheading problem. In this paper we...
computer science
20,505
Learning Bounded Treewidth Bayesian Networks with Thousands of Variables
cs.AI
We present a method for learning treewidth-bounded Bayesian networks from data sets containing thousands of variables. Bounding the treewidth of a Bayesian greatly reduces the complexity of inferences. Yet, being a global property of the graph, it considerably increases the difficulty of the learning process. We propos...
computer science
20,506
Characterizing Quantifier Fuzzification Mechanisms: a behavioral guide for practical applications
cs.AI
Important advances have been made in the fuzzy quantification field. Nevertheless, some problems remain when we face the decision of selecting the most convenient model for a specific application. In the literature, several desirable adequacy properties have been proposed, but theoretical limits impede quantification m...
computer science
20,507
Bayesian Network Structure Learning with Integer Programming: Polytopes, Facets, and Complexity
cs.AI
The challenging task of learning structures of probabilistic graphical models is an important problem within modern AI research. Recent years have witnessed several major algorithmic advances in structure learning for Bayesian networks---arguably the most central class of graphical models---especially in what is known ...
computer science
20,508
Anytime Inference in Valuation Algebras
cs.AI
Anytime inference is inference performed incrementally, with the accuracy of the inference being controlled by a tunable parameter, usually time. Such anytime inference algorithms are also usually interruptible, gradually converging to the exact inference value until terminated. While anytime inference algorithms for s...
computer science
20,509
Review of state-of-the-arts in artificial intelligence with application to AI safety problem
cs.AI
Here, I review current state-of-the-arts in many areas of AI to estimate when it's reasonable to expect human level AI development. Predictions of prominent AI researchers vary broadly from very pessimistic predictions of Andrew Ng to much more moderate predictions of Geoffrey Hinton and optimistic predictions of Shane...
computer science
20,510
On Avoidance Learning with Partial Observability
cs.AI
We study a framework where agents have to avoid aversive signals. The agents are given only partial information, in the form of features that are projections of task states. Additionally, the agents have to cope with non-determinism, defined as unpredictability on the way that actions are executed. The goal of each age...
computer science
20,511
Combat Models for RTS Games
cs.AI
Game tree search algorithms, such as Monte Carlo Tree Search (MCTS), require access to a forward model (or "simulator") of the game at hand. However, in some games such forward model is not readily available. This paper presents three forward models for two-player attrition games, which we call "combat models", and sho...
computer science
20,512
Heuristics for Planning, Plan Recognition and Parsing
cs.AI
In a recent paper, we have shown that Plan Recognition over STRIPS can be formulated and solved using Classical Planning heuristics and algorithms. In this work, we show that this formulation subsumes the standard formulation of Plan Recognition over libraries through a compilation of libraries into STRIPS theories. Th...
computer science
20,513
Interactive Debugging of Knowledge Bases
cs.AI
Many AI applications rely on knowledge about a relevant real-world domain that is encoded by means of some logical knowledge base (KB). The most essential benefit of logical KBs is the opportunity to perform automatic reasoning to derive implicit knowledge or to answer complex queries about the modeled domain. The feas...
computer science
20,514
Dynamic Bayesian Networks to simulate occupant behaviours in office buildings related to indoor air quality
cs.AI
This paper proposes a new general approach based on Bayesian networks to model the human behaviour. This approach represents human behaviour with probabilistic cause-effect relations based on knowledge, but also with conditional probabilities coming either from knowledge or deduced from observations. This approach has ...
computer science
20,515
Philosophy in the Face of Artificial Intelligence
cs.AI
In this article, I discuss how the AI community views concerns about the emergence of superintelligent AI and related philosophical issues.
computer science
20,516
Diagnosing editorial strategies of Chilean media on Twitter using an automatic news classifier
cs.AI
In Chile, does not exist an independent entity that publishes quantitative or qualitative surveys to understand the traditional media environment and its adaptation on the Social Web. Nowadays, Chilean newsreaders are increasingly using social web platforms as their primary source of information, among which Twitter pl...
computer science
20,517
Differences between Industrial Models of Autonomy and Systemic Models of Autonomy
cs.AI
This paper discusses the idea of levels of autonomy of systems - be this technical or organic - and compares the insights with models employed by industries used to describe maturity and capability of their products.
computer science
20,518
Non-Gaussian Random Generators in Bacteria Foraging Algorithm for Multiobjective Optimization
cs.AI
Random generators or stochastic engines are a key component in the structure of metaheuristic algorithms. This work investigates the effects of non-Gaussian stochastic engines on the performance of metaheuristics when solving a real-world optimization problem. In this work, the bacteria foraging algorithm (BFA) was emp...
computer science
20,519
Small Representations of Big Kidney Exchange Graphs
cs.AI
Kidney exchanges are organized markets where patients swap willing but incompatible donors. In the last decade, kidney exchanges grew from small and regional to large and national---and soon, international. This growth results in more lives saved, but exacerbates the empirical hardness of the $\mathcal{NP}$-complete pr...
computer science
20,520
Compliant Conditions for Polynomial Time Approximation of Operator Counts
cs.AI
In this paper, we develop a computationally simpler version of the operator count heuristic for a particular class of domains. The contribution of this abstract is threefold, we (1) propose an efficient closed form approximation to the operator count heuristic using the Lagrangian dual; (2) leverage compressed sensing ...
computer science
20,521
Cognitive Dynamic Systems: A Technical Review of Cognitive Radar
cs.AI
We start with the history of cognitive radar, where origins of the PAC, Fuster research on cognition and principals of cognition are provided. Fuster describes five cognitive functions: perception, memory, attention, language, and intelligence. We describe the Perception-Action Cyclec as it applies to cognitive radar, ...
computer science
20,522
Estimation of Passenger Route Choice Pattern Using Smart Card Data for Complex Metro Systems
cs.AI
Nowadays, metro systems play an important role in meeting the urban transportation demand in large cities. The understanding of passenger route choice is critical for public transit management. The wide deployment of Automated Fare Collection(AFC) systems opens up a new opportunity. However, only each trip's tap-in and...
computer science
20,523
How to avoid ethically relevant Machine Consciousness
cs.AI
This paper discusses the root cause of systems perceiving the self experience and how to exploit adaptive and learning features without introducing ethically problematic system properties.
computer science
20,524
Applications of Probabilistic Programming (Master's thesis, 2015)
cs.AI
This thesis describes work on two applications of probabilistic programming: the learning of probabilistic program code given specifications, in particular program code of one-dimensional samplers; and the facilitation of sequential Monte Carlo inference with help of data-driven proposals. The latter is presented with ...
computer science
20,525
A Survey of Qualitative Spatial and Temporal Calculi -- Algebraic and Computational Properties
cs.AI
Qualitative Spatial and Temporal Reasoning (QSTR) is concerned with symbolic knowledge representation, typically over infinite domains. The motivations for employing QSTR techniques range from exploiting computational properties that allow efficient reasoning to capture human cognitive concepts in a computational frame...
computer science
20,526
A structured argumentation framework for detaching conditional obligations
cs.AI
We present a general formal argumentation system for dealing with the detachment of conditional obligations. Given a set of facts, constraints, and conditional obligations, we answer the question whether an unconditional obligation is detachable by considering reasons for and against its detachment. For the evaluation ...
computer science
20,527
The Challenge of Non-Technical Loss Detection using Artificial Intelligence: A Survey
cs.AI
Detection of non-technical losses (NTL) which include electricity theft, faulty meters or billing errors has attracted increasing attention from researchers in electrical engineering and computer science. NTLs cause significant harm to the economy, as in some countries they may range up to 40% of the total electricity ...
computer science
20,528
Death and Suicide in Universal Artificial Intelligence
cs.AI
Reinforcement learning (RL) is a general paradigm for studying intelligent behaviour, with applications ranging from artificial intelligence to psychology and economics. AIXI is a universal solution to the RL problem; it can learn any computable environment. A technical subtlety of AIXI is that it is defined using a mi...
computer science
20,529
Selecting the Best Player Formation for Corner-Kick Situations Based on Bayes' Estimation
cs.AI
In the domain of the Soccer simulation 2D league of the RoboCup project, appropriate player positioning against a given opponent team is an important factor of soccer team performance. This work proposes a model which decides the strategy that should be applied regarding a particular opponent team. This task can be rea...
computer science
20,530
ECMdd: Evidential c-medoids clustering with multiple prototypes
cs.AI
In this work, a new prototype-based clustering method named Evidential C-Medoids (ECMdd), which belongs to the family of medoid-based clustering for proximity data, is proposed as an extension of Fuzzy C-Medoids (FCMdd) on the theoretical framework of belief functions. In the application of FCMdd and original ECMdd, a ...
computer science
20,531
The belief noisy-or model applied to network reliability analysis
cs.AI
One difficulty faced in knowledge engineering for Bayesian Network (BN) is the quan-tification step where the Conditional Probability Tables (CPTs) are determined. The number of parameters included in CPTs increases exponentially with the number of parent variables. The most common solution is the application of the so...
computer science
20,532
Unifying Count-Based Exploration and Intrinsic Motivation
cs.AI
We consider an agent's uncertainty about its environment and the problem of generalizing this uncertainty across observations. Specifically, we focus on the problem of exploration in non-tabular reinforcement learning. Drawing inspiration from the intrinsic motivation literature, we use density models to measure uncert...
computer science
20,533
Human vs. Computer Go: Review and Prospect
cs.AI
The Google DeepMind challenge match in March 2016 was a historic achievement for computer Go development. This article discusses the development of computational intelligence (CI) and its relative strength in comparison with human intelligence for the game of Go. We first summarize the milestones achieved for computer ...
computer science
20,534
Simplified Boardgames
cs.AI
We formalize Simplified Boardgames language, which describes a subclass of arbitrary board games. The language structure is based on the regular expressions, which makes the rules easily machine-processable while keeping the rules concise and fairly human-readable.
computer science
20,535
A Modified Vortex Search Algorithm for Numerical Function Optimization
cs.AI
The Vortex Search (VS) algorithm is one of the recently proposed metaheuristic algorithms which was inspired from the vortical flow of the stirred fluids. Although the VS algorithm is shown to be a good candidate for the solution of certain optimization problems, it also has some drawbacks. In the VS algorithm, candida...
computer science
20,536
Theoretical Robopsychology: Samu Has Learned Turing Machines
cs.AI
From the point of view of a programmer, the robopsychology is a synonym for the activity is done by developers to implement their machine learning applications. This robopsychological approach raises some fundamental theoretical questions of machine learning. Our discussion of these questions is constrained to Turing m...
computer science
20,537
A Cognitive Architecture for the Implementation of Emotions in Computing Systems
cs.AI
In this paper we present a new neurobiologically-inspired affective cognitive architecture: NEUCOGAR (NEUromodulating COGnitive ARchitecture). The objective of NEUCOGAR is the identification of a mapping from the influence of serotonin, dopamine and noradrenaline to the computing processes based on Von Neuman's archite...
computer science
20,538
Cooperative Inverse Reinforcement Learning
cs.AI
For an autonomous system to be helpful to humans and to pose no unwarranted risks, it needs to align its values with those of the humans in its environment in such a way that its actions contribute to the maximization of value for the humans. We propose a formal definition of the value alignment problem as cooperative ...
computer science
20,539
Fuzzy-Klassen Model for Development Disparities Analysis based on Gross Regional Domestic Product Sector of a Region
cs.AI
Analysis of regional development imbalances quadrant has a very important meaning in order to see the extent of achievement of the development of certain areas as well as the difference. Factors that could be used as a tool to measure the inequality of development is to look at the average growth and development contri...
computer science
20,540
Towards Anthropo-inspired Computational Systems: the $P^3$ Model
cs.AI
This paper proposes a model which aim is providing a more coherent framework for agents design. We identify three closely related anthropo-centered domains working on separate functional levels. Abstracting from human physiology, psychology, and philosophy we create the $P^3$ model to be used as a multi-tier approach t...
computer science
20,541
Simple epistemic planning: generalised gossiping
cs.AI
The gossip problem, in which information (known as secrets) must be shared among a certain number of agents using the minimum number of calls, is of interest in the conception of communication networks and protocols. We extend the gossip problem to arbitrary epistemic depths. For example, we may require not only that a...
computer science
20,542
Structured Factored Inference: A Framework for Automated Reasoning in Probabilistic Programming Languages
cs.AI
Reasoning on large and complex real-world models is a computationally difficult task, yet one that is required for effective use of many AI applications. A plethora of inference algorithms have been developed that work well on specific models or only on parts of general models. Consequently, a system that can intellige...
computer science
20,543
Using a Distributional Semantic Vector Space with a Knowledge Base for Reasoning in Uncertain Conditions
cs.AI
The inherent inflexibility and incompleteness of commonsense knowledge bases (KB) has limited their usefulness. We describe a system called Displacer for performing KB queries extended with the analogical capabilities of the word2vec distributional semantic vector space (DSVS). This allows the system to answer queries ...
computer science
20,544
Experimental and causal view on information integration in autonomous agents
cs.AI
The amount of digitally available but heterogeneous information about the world is remarkable, and new technologies such as self-driving cars, smart homes, or the internet of things may further increase it. In this paper we present preliminary ideas about certain aspects of the problem of how such heterogeneous informa...
computer science
20,545
Digits that are not: Generating new types through deep neural nets
cs.AI
For an artificial creative agent, an essential driver of the search for novelty is a value function which is often provided by the system designer or users. We argue that an important barrier for progress in creativity research is the inability of these systems to develop their own notion of value for novelty. We propo...
computer science
20,546
Relating Strong Spatial Cognition to Symbolic Problem Solving --- An Example
cs.AI
In this note, we discuss and analyse a shortest path finding approach using strong spatial cognition. It is compared with a symbolic graph-based algorithm and it is shown that both approaches are similar with respect to structure and complexity. Nevertheless, the strong spatial cognition solution is easy to understand ...
computer science
20,547
Lifted Convex Quadratic Programming
cs.AI
Symmetry is the essential element of lifted inference that has recently demon- strated the possibility to perform very efficient inference in highly-connected, but symmetric probabilistic models models. This raises the question, whether this holds for optimisation problems in general. Here we show that for a large clas...
computer science
20,548
Why is Compiling Lifted Inference into a Low-Level Language so Effective?
cs.AI
First-order knowledge compilation techniques have proven efficient for lifted inference. They compile a relational probability model into a target circuit on which many inference queries can be answered efficiently. Early methods used data structures as their target circuit. In our KR-2016 paper, we showed that compili...
computer science
20,549
Impossibility in Belief Merging
cs.AI
With the aim of studying social properties of belief merging and having a better understanding of impossibility, we extend in three ways the framework of logic-based merging introduced by Konieczny and Pino P\'erez. First, at the level of representation of the information, we pass from belief bases to complex epistemic...
computer science
20,550
Deep Reinforcement Learning Discovers Internal Models
cs.AI
Deep Reinforcement Learning (DRL) is a trending field of research, showing great promise in challenging problems such as playing Atari, solving Go and controlling robots. While DRL agents perform well in practice we are still lacking the tools to analayze their performance. In this work we present the Semi-Aggregated M...
computer science
20,551
Successor Features for Transfer in Reinforcement Learning
cs.AI
Transfer in reinforcement learning refers to the notion that generalization should occur not only within a task but also across tasks. Our focus is on transfer where the reward functions vary across tasks while the environment's dynamics remain the same. The method we propose rests on two key ideas: "successor features...
computer science
20,552
Abducing Compliance of Incomplete Event Logs
cs.AI
The capability to store data about business processes execution in so-called Event Logs has brought to the diffusion of tools for the analysis of process executions and for the assessment of the goodness of a process model. Nonetheless, these tools are often very rigid in dealing with with Event Logs that include incom...
computer science
20,553
Introspective Agents: Confidence Measures for General Value Functions
cs.AI
Agents of general intelligence deployed in real-world scenarios must adapt to ever-changing environmental conditions. While such adaptive agents may leverage engineered knowledge, they will require the capacity to construct and evaluate knowledge themselves from their own experience in a bottom-up, constructivist fashi...
computer science
20,554
Adding Context to Concept Trees
cs.AI
Concept Trees are a type of database that can organise arbitrary textual information using a very simple rule. Each tree tries to represent a single cohesive concept and the trees can link with each other for navigation and semantic purposes. The trees are therefore a type of semantic network and would benefit from hav...
computer science
20,555
On Reward Function for Survival
cs.AI
Obtaining a survival strategy (policy) is one of the fundamental problems of biological agents. In this paper, we generalize the formulation of previous research related to the survival of an agent and we formulate the survival problem as a maximization of the multi-step survival probability in future time steps. We in...
computer science
20,556
A Hierarchical Reinforcement Learning Method for Persistent Time-Sensitive Tasks
cs.AI
Reinforcement learning has been applied to many interesting problems such as the famous TD-gammon and the inverted helicopter flight. However, little effort has been put into developing methods to learn policies for complex persistent tasks and tasks that are time-sensitive. In this paper, we take a step towards solvin...
computer science
20,557
Adaptive Task Assignment in Online Learning Environments
cs.AI
With the increasing popularity of online learning, intelligent tutoring systems are regaining increased attention. In this paper, we introduce adaptive algorithms for personalized assignment of learning tasks to student so that to improve his performance in online learning environments. As main contribution of this pap...
computer science
20,558
Non-Monotonic Spatial Reasoning with Answer Set Programming Modulo Theories
cs.AI
The systematic modelling of dynamic spatial systems is a key requirement in a wide range of application areas such as commonsense cognitive robotics, computer-aided architecture design, and dynamic geographic information systems. We present ASPMT(QS), a novel approach and fully-implemented prototype for non-monotonic s...
computer science
20,559
Can Turing machine be curious about its Turing test results? Three informal lectures on physics of intelligence
cs.AI
What is the nature of curiosity? Is there any scientific way to understand the origin of this mysterious force that drives the behavior of even the stupidest naturally intelligent systems and is completely absent in their smartest artificial analogs? Can we build AI systems that could be curious about something, system...
computer science
20,560
Towards Verified Artificial Intelligence
cs.AI
Verified artificial intelligence (AI) is the goal of designing AI-based systems that are provably correct with respect to mathematically-specified requirements. This paper considers Verified AI from a formal methods perspective. We describe five challenges for achieving Verified AI, and five corresponding principles fo...
computer science
20,561
On the Semantic Relationship between Probabilistic Soft Logic and Markov Logic
cs.AI
Markov Logic Networks (MLN) and Probabilistic Soft Logic (PSL) are widely applied formalisms in Statistical Relational Learning, an emerging area in Artificial Intelligence that is concerned with combining logical and statistical AI. Despite their resemblance, the relationship has not been formally stated. In this pape...
computer science
20,562
Exploring high-level Perspectives on Self-Configuration Capabilities of Systems
cs.AI
Optimization of product performance repetitively introduces the need to make products adaptive in a more general sense. This more general idea is often captured under the term 'self-configuration'. Despite the importance of such capability, research work on this feature appears isolated by technical domains. It is not ...
computer science
20,563
Evaluation and selection of Medical Tourism sites: A rough AHP based MABAC approach
cs.AI
In this paper, a novel multiple criteria decision making (MCDM) methodology is presented for assessing and prioritizing medical tourism destinations in uncertain environment. A systematic evaluation and assessment method is proposed by integrating rough number based AHP (Analytic Hierarchy Process) and rough number bas...
computer science
20,564
Credibilistic TOPSIS Model for Evaluation and Selection of Municipal Solid Waste Disposal Methods
cs.AI
Municipal solid waste management (MSWM) is a challenging issue of urban development in developing countries. Each country having different socio-economic-environmental background, might not accept a particular disposal method as the optimal choice. Selection of suitable disposal method in MSWM, under vague and imprecis...
computer science
20,565
Algebraic foundations for qualitative calculi and networks
cs.AI
A qualitative representation $\phi$ is like an ordinary representation of a relation algebra, but instead of requiring $(a; b)^\phi = a^\phi | b^\phi$, as we do for ordinary representations, we only require that $c^\phi\supseteq a^\phi | b^\phi \iff c\geq a ; b$, for each $c$ in the algebra. A constraint network is qua...
computer science
20,566
Ordering as privileged information
cs.AI
We propose to accelerate the rate of convergence of the pattern recognition task by directly minimizing the variance diameters of certain hypothesis spaces, which are critical quantities in fast-convergence results.We show that the variance diameters can be controlled by dividing hypothesis spaces into metric balls bas...
computer science
20,567
Contextual Symmetries in Probabilistic Graphical Models
cs.AI
An important approach for efficient inference in probabilistic graphical models exploits symmetries among objects in the domain. Symmetric variables (states) are collapsed into meta-variables (meta-states) and inference algorithms are run over the lifted graphical model instead of the flat one. Our paper extends existi...
computer science
20,568
Lifted Region-Based Belief Propagation
cs.AI
Due to the intractable nature of exact lifted inference, research has recently focused on the discovery of accurate and efficient approximate inference algorithms in Statistical Relational Models (SRMs), such as Lifted First-Order Belief Propagation. FOBP simulates propositional factor graph belief propagation without ...
computer science
20,569
Towards A Virtual Assistant That Can Be Taught New Tasks In Any Domain By Its End-Users
cs.AI
The challenge stated in the title can be divided into two main problems. The first problem is to reliably mimic the way that users interact with user interfaces. The second problem is to build an instructible agent, i.e. one that can be taught to execute tasks expressed as previously unseen natural language commands. T...
computer science
20,570
Neutrosophic Overset, Neutrosophic Underset, and Neutrosophic Offset. Similarly for Neutrosophic Over-/Under-/Off- Logic, Probability, and Statistics
cs.AI
Neutrosophic Over-/Under-/Off-Set and -Logic were defined by the author in 1995 and published for the first time in 2007. We extended the neutrosophic set respectively to Neutrosophic Overset {when some neutrosophic component is over 1}, Neutrosophic Underset {when some neutrosophic component is below 0}, and to Neutro...
computer science
20,571
Situated Structure Learning of a Bayesian Logic Network for Commonsense Reasoning
cs.AI
This paper details the implementation of an algorithm for automatically generating a high-level knowledge network to perform commonsense reasoning, specifically with the application of robotic task repair. The network is represented using a Bayesian Logic Network (BLN) (Jain, Waldherr, and Beetz 2009), which combines a...
computer science
20,572
A Hybrid POMDP-BDI Agent Architecture with Online Stochastic Planning and Plan Caching
cs.AI
This article presents an agent architecture for controlling an autonomous agent in stochastic environments. The architecture combines the partially observable Markov decision process (POMDP) model with the belief-desire-intention (BDI) framework. The Hybrid POMDP-BDI agent architecture takes the best features from the ...
computer science
20,573
Path planning with Inventory-driven Jump-Point-Search
cs.AI
In many navigational domains the traversability of cells is conditioned on the path taken. This is often the case in video-games, in which a character may need to acquire a certain object (i.e., a key or a flying suit) to be able to traverse specific locations (e.g., doors or high walls). In order for non-player charac...
computer science
20,574
Formal analysis of HTM Spatial Pooler performance under predefined operation conditions
cs.AI
This paper introduces mathematical formalism for Spatial (SP) of Hierarchical Temporal Memory (HTM) with a spacial consideration for its hardware implementation. Performance of HTM network and its ability to learn and adjust to a problem at hand is governed by a large set of parameters. Most of parameters are codepende...
computer science
20,575
Understanding the Abstract Dialectical Framework (Preliminary Report)
cs.AI
Among the most general structures extending the framework by Dung are the abstract dialectical frameworks (ADFs). They come equipped with various types of semantics, with the most prominent - the labeling-based one - analyzed in the context of computational complexity, signatures, instantiations and software support. T...
computer science
20,576
Modeling of Item-Difficulty for Ontology-based MCQs
cs.AI
Multiple choice questions (MCQs) that can be generated from a domain ontology can significantly reduce human effort & time required for authoring & administering assessments in an e-Learning environment. Even though here are various methods for generating MCQs from ontologies, methods for determining the difficulty-lev...
computer science
20,577
An extended MABAC for multi-attribute decision making using trapezoidal interval type-2 fuzzy numbers
cs.AI
In this paper, we attempt to extend Multi Attributive Border Approximation area Comparison (MABAC) approach for multi-attribute decision making (MADM) problems based on type-2 fuzzy sets (IT2FSs). As a special case of IT2FSs interval type-2 trapezoidal fuzzy numbers (IT2TrFNs) are adopted here to deal with uncertaintie...
computer science
20,578
Cost-Optimal Algorithms for Planning with Procedural Control Knowledge
cs.AI
There is an impressive body of work on developing heuristics and other reasoning algorithms to guide search in optimal and anytime planning algorithms for classical planning. However, very little effort has been directed towards developing analogous techniques to guide search towards high-quality solutions in hierarchi...
computer science
20,579
Argumentation Models for Cyber Attribution
cs.AI
A major challenge in cyber-threat analysis is combining information from different sources to find the person or the group responsible for the cyber-attack. It is one of the most important technical and policy challenges in cyber-security. The lack of ground truth for an individual responsible for an attack has limited...
computer science
20,580
Automatic Bridge Bidding Using Deep Reinforcement Learning
cs.AI
Bridge is among the zero-sum games for which artificial intelligence has not yet outperformed expert human players. The main difficulty lies in the bidding phase of bridge, which requires cooperative decision making under partial information. Existing artificial intelligence systems for bridge bidding rely on and are t...
computer science
20,581
Resource Planning For Rescue Operations
cs.AI
After an earthquake, disaster sites pose a multitude of health and safety concerns. A rescue operation of people trapped in the ruins after an earthquake disaster requires a series of intelligent behavior, including planning. For a successful rescue operation, given a limited number of available actions and regulations...
computer science
20,582
Large-scale Analysis of Chess Games with Chess Engines: A Preliminary Report
cs.AI
The strength of chess engines together with the availability of numerous chess games have attracted the attention of chess players, data scientists, and researchers during the last decades. State-of-the-art engines now provide an authoritative judgement that can be used in many applications like cheating detection, int...
computer science
20,583
A Counterexample to the Forward Recursion in Fuzzy Critical Path Analysis Under Discrete Fuzzy Sets
cs.AI
Fuzzy logic is an alternate approach for quantifying uncertainty relating to activity duration. The fuzzy version of the backward recursion has been shown to produce results that incorrectly amplify the level of uncertainty. However, the fuzzy version of the forward recursion has been widely proposed as an approach for...
computer science
20,584
Knowledge Representation on the Web revisited: Tools for Prototype Based Ontologies
cs.AI
In recent years RDF and OWL have become the most common knowledge representation languages in use on the Web, propelled by the recommendation of the W3C. In this paper we present a practical implementation of a different kind of knowledge representation based on Prototypes. In detail, we present a concrete syntax easil...
computer science
20,585
Intelligent Biohybrid Neurotechnologies: Are They Really What They Claim?
cs.AI
In the era of intelligent biohybrid neurotechnologies for brain repair, new fanciful terms are appearing in the scientific dictionary to define what has so far been unimaginable. As the emerging neurotechnologies are becoming increasingly polyhedral and sophisticated, should we talk about evolution and rank the intelli...
computer science
20,586
Playing Atari Games with Deep Reinforcement Learning and Human Checkpoint Replay
cs.AI
This paper introduces a novel method for learning how to play the most difficult Atari 2600 games from the Arcade Learning Environment using deep reinforcement learning. The proposed method, human checkpoint replay, consists in using checkpoints sampled from human gameplay as starting points for the learning process. T...
computer science
20,587
You want to survive the data deluge: Be careful, Computational Intelligence will not serve you as a rescue boat
cs.AI
We are at the dawn of a new era, where advances in computer power, broadband communication and digital sensor technologies have led to an unprecedented flood of data inundating our surrounding. It is generally believed that means such as Computational Intelligence will help to outlive these tough times. However, these ...
computer science
20,588
Identifying Candidate Risk Factors for Prescription Drug Side Effects using Causal Contrast Set Mining
cs.AI
Big longitudinal observational databases present the opportunity to extract new knowledge in a cost effective manner. Unfortunately, the ability of these databases to be used for causal inference is limited due to the passive way in which the data are collected resulting in various forms of bias. In this paper we inves...
computer science
20,589
Refining adverse drug reaction signals by incorporating interaction variables identified using emergent pattern mining
cs.AI
Purpose: To develop a framework for identifying and incorporating candidate confounding interaction terms into a regularised cox regression analysis to refine adverse drug reaction signals obtained via longitudinal observational data. Methods: We considered six drug families that are commonly associated with myocardial...
computer science
20,590
Supervised Anomaly Detection in Uncertain Pseudoperiodic Data Streams
cs.AI
Uncertain data streams have been widely generated in many Web applications. The uncertainty in data streams makes anomaly detection from sensor data streams far more challenging. In this paper, we present a novel framework that supports anomaly detection in uncertain data streams. The proposed framework adopts an effic...
computer science
20,591
Optimising Rule-Based Classification in Temporal Data
cs.AI
This study optimises manually derived rule-based expert system classification of objects according to changes in their properties over time. One of the key challenges that this study tries to address is how to classify objects that exhibit changes in their behaviour over time, for example how to classify companies' sha...
computer science
20,592
Applying Interval Type-2 Fuzzy Rule Based Classifiers Through a Cluster-Based Class Representation
cs.AI
Fuzzy Rule-Based Classification Systems (FRBCSs) have the potential to provide so-called interpretable classifiers, i.e. classifiers which can be introspective, understood, validated and augmented by human experts by relying on fuzzy-set based rules. This paper builds on prior work for interval type-2 fuzzy set based F...
computer science
20,593
Exploring Differences in Interpretation of Words Essential in Medical Expert-Patient Communication
cs.AI
In the context of cancer treatment and surgery, quality of life assessment is a crucial part of determining treatment success and viability. In order to assess it, patients completed questionnaires which employ words to capture aspects of patients well-being are the norm. As the results of these questionnaires are ofte...
computer science
20,594
Supervised Adverse Drug Reaction Signalling Framework Imitating Bradford Hill's Causality Considerations
cs.AI
Big longitudinal observational medical data potentially hold a wealth of information and have been recognised as potential sources for gaining new drug safety knowledge. Unfortunately there are many complexities and underlying issues when analysing longitudinal observational data. Due to these complexities, existing me...
computer science
20,595
Predicting Enemy's Actions Improves Commander Decision-Making
cs.AI
The Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA) Real-time Adversarial Intelligence and Decision-making (RAID) program is investigating the feasibility of "reading the mind of the enemy" - to estimate and anticipate, in real-time, the enemy's likely goals, deceptions, actions, movements and positions. This program...
computer science
20,596
Redundancy-free Verbalization of Individuals for Ontology Validation
cs.AI
We investigate the problem of verbalizing Web Ontology Language (OWL) axioms of domain ontologies in this paper. The existing approaches address the problem of fidelity of verbalized OWL texts to OWL semantics by exploring different ways of expressing the same OWL axiom in various linguistic forms. They also perform gr...
computer science
20,597
Validation of Information Fusion
cs.AI
We motivate and offer a formal definition of validation as it applies to information fusion systems. Common definitions of validation compare the actual state of the world with that derived by the fusion process. This definition conflates properties of the fusion system with properties of systems that intervene between...
computer science
20,598
Estimating Activity at Multiple Scales using Spatial Abstractions
cs.AI
Autonomous robots operating in dynamic environments must maintain beliefs over a hypothesis space that is rich enough to represent the activities of interest at different scales. This is important both in order to accommodate the availability of evidence at varying degrees of coarseness, such as when interpreting and a...
computer science
20,599
A Model of Pathways to Artificial Superintelligence Catastrophe for Risk and Decision Analysis
cs.AI
An artificial superintelligence (ASI) is artificial intelligence that is significantly more intelligent than humans in all respects. While ASI does not currently exist, some scholars propose that it could be created sometime in the future, and furthermore that its creation could cause a severe global catastrophe, possi...
computer science
20,600
Focused Model-Learning and Planning for Non-Gaussian Continuous State-Action Systems
cs.AI
We introduce a framework for model learning and planning in stochastic domains with continuous state and action spaces and non-Gaussian transition models. It is efficient because (1) local models are estimated only when the planner requires them; (2) the planner focuses on the most relevant states to the current planni...
computer science
20,601
Technical Report: Giving Hints for Logic Programming Examples without Revealing Solutions
cs.AI
We introduce a framework for supporting learning to program in the paradigm of Answer Set Programming (ASP), which is a declarative logic programming formalism. Based on the idea of teaching by asking the student to complete small example ASP programs, we introduce a three-stage method for giving hints to the student w...
computer science