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20,502 | Consciousness is Pattern Recognition | cs.AI | This is a proof of the strong AI hypothesis, i.e. that machines can be
conscious. It is a phenomenological proof that pattern-recognition and
subjective consciousness are the same activity in different terms. Therefore,
it proves that essential subjective processes of consciousness are computable,
and identifies signif... | computer science |
20,503 | Self-Modification of Policy and Utility Function in Rational Agents | cs.AI | Any agent that is part of the environment it interacts with and has versatile
actuators (such as arms and fingers), will in principle have the ability to
self-modify -- for example by changing its own source code. As we continue to
create more and more intelligent agents, chances increase that they will learn
about thi... | computer science |
20,504 | Avoiding Wireheading with Value Reinforcement Learning | cs.AI | How can we design good goals for arbitrarily intelligent agents?
Reinforcement learning (RL) is a natural approach. Unfortunately, RL does not
work well for generally intelligent agents, as RL agents are incentivised to
shortcut the reward sensor for maximum reward -- the so-called wireheading
problem. In this paper we... | computer science |
20,505 | Learning Bounded Treewidth Bayesian Networks with Thousands of Variables | cs.AI | We present a method for learning treewidth-bounded Bayesian networks from
data sets containing thousands of variables. Bounding the treewidth of a
Bayesian greatly reduces the complexity of inferences. Yet, being a global
property of the graph, it considerably increases the difficulty of the learning
process. We propos... | computer science |
20,506 | Characterizing Quantifier Fuzzification Mechanisms: a behavioral guide
for practical applications | cs.AI | Important advances have been made in the fuzzy quantification field.
Nevertheless, some problems remain when we face the decision of selecting the
most convenient model for a specific application. In the literature, several
desirable adequacy properties have been proposed, but theoretical limits impede
quantification m... | computer science |
20,507 | Bayesian Network Structure Learning with Integer Programming: Polytopes,
Facets, and Complexity | cs.AI | The challenging task of learning structures of probabilistic graphical models
is an important problem within modern AI research. Recent years have witnessed
several major algorithmic advances in structure learning for Bayesian
networks---arguably the most central class of graphical models---especially in
what is known ... | computer science |
20,508 | Anytime Inference in Valuation Algebras | cs.AI | Anytime inference is inference performed incrementally, with the accuracy of
the inference being controlled by a tunable parameter, usually time. Such
anytime inference algorithms are also usually interruptible, gradually
converging to the exact inference value until terminated. While anytime
inference algorithms for s... | computer science |
20,509 | Review of state-of-the-arts in artificial intelligence with application
to AI safety problem | cs.AI | Here, I review current state-of-the-arts in many areas of AI to estimate when
it's reasonable to expect human level AI development. Predictions of prominent
AI researchers vary broadly from very pessimistic predictions of Andrew Ng to
much more moderate predictions of Geoffrey Hinton and optimistic predictions of
Shane... | computer science |
20,510 | On Avoidance Learning with Partial Observability | cs.AI | We study a framework where agents have to avoid aversive signals. The agents
are given only partial information, in the form of features that are
projections of task states. Additionally, the agents have to cope with
non-determinism, defined as unpredictability on the way that actions are
executed. The goal of each age... | computer science |
20,511 | Combat Models for RTS Games | cs.AI | Game tree search algorithms, such as Monte Carlo Tree Search (MCTS), require
access to a forward model (or "simulator") of the game at hand. However, in
some games such forward model is not readily available. This paper presents
three forward models for two-player attrition games, which we call "combat
models", and sho... | computer science |
20,512 | Heuristics for Planning, Plan Recognition and Parsing | cs.AI | In a recent paper, we have shown that Plan Recognition over STRIPS can be
formulated and solved using Classical Planning heuristics and algorithms. In
this work, we show that this formulation subsumes the standard formulation of
Plan Recognition over libraries through a compilation of libraries into STRIPS
theories. Th... | computer science |
20,513 | Interactive Debugging of Knowledge Bases | cs.AI | Many AI applications rely on knowledge about a relevant real-world domain
that is encoded by means of some logical knowledge base (KB). The most
essential benefit of logical KBs is the opportunity to perform automatic
reasoning to derive implicit knowledge or to answer complex queries about the
modeled domain. The feas... | computer science |
20,514 | Dynamic Bayesian Networks to simulate occupant behaviours in office
buildings related to indoor air quality | cs.AI | This paper proposes a new general approach based on Bayesian networks to
model the human behaviour. This approach represents human behaviour with
probabilistic cause-effect relations based on knowledge, but also with
conditional probabilities coming either from knowledge or deduced from
observations. This approach has ... | computer science |
20,515 | Philosophy in the Face of Artificial Intelligence | cs.AI | In this article, I discuss how the AI community views concerns about the
emergence of superintelligent AI and related philosophical issues. | computer science |
20,516 | Diagnosing editorial strategies of Chilean media on Twitter using an
automatic news classifier | cs.AI | In Chile, does not exist an independent entity that publishes quantitative or
qualitative surveys to understand the traditional media environment and its
adaptation on the Social Web. Nowadays, Chilean newsreaders are increasingly
using social web platforms as their primary source of information, among which
Twitter pl... | computer science |
20,517 | Differences between Industrial Models of Autonomy and Systemic Models of
Autonomy | cs.AI | This paper discusses the idea of levels of autonomy of systems - be this
technical or organic - and compares the insights with models employed by
industries used to describe maturity and capability of their products. | computer science |
20,518 | Non-Gaussian Random Generators in Bacteria Foraging Algorithm for
Multiobjective Optimization | cs.AI | Random generators or stochastic engines are a key component in the structure
of metaheuristic algorithms. This work investigates the effects of non-Gaussian
stochastic engines on the performance of metaheuristics when solving a
real-world optimization problem. In this work, the bacteria foraging algorithm
(BFA) was emp... | computer science |
20,519 | Small Representations of Big Kidney Exchange Graphs | cs.AI | Kidney exchanges are organized markets where patients swap willing but
incompatible donors. In the last decade, kidney exchanges grew from small and
regional to large and national---and soon, international. This growth results
in more lives saved, but exacerbates the empirical hardness of the
$\mathcal{NP}$-complete pr... | computer science |
20,520 | Compliant Conditions for Polynomial Time Approximation of Operator
Counts | cs.AI | In this paper, we develop a computationally simpler version of the operator
count heuristic for a particular class of domains. The contribution of this
abstract is threefold, we (1) propose an efficient closed form approximation to
the operator count heuristic using the Lagrangian dual; (2) leverage compressed
sensing ... | computer science |
20,521 | Cognitive Dynamic Systems: A Technical Review of Cognitive Radar | cs.AI | We start with the history of cognitive radar, where origins of the PAC,
Fuster research on cognition and principals of cognition are provided. Fuster
describes five cognitive functions: perception, memory, attention, language,
and intelligence. We describe the Perception-Action Cyclec as it applies to
cognitive radar, ... | computer science |
20,522 | Estimation of Passenger Route Choice Pattern Using Smart Card Data for
Complex Metro Systems | cs.AI | Nowadays, metro systems play an important role in meeting the urban
transportation demand in large cities. The understanding of passenger route
choice is critical for public transit management. The wide deployment of
Automated Fare Collection(AFC) systems opens up a new opportunity. However,
only each trip's tap-in and... | computer science |
20,523 | How to avoid ethically relevant Machine Consciousness | cs.AI | This paper discusses the root cause of systems perceiving the self experience
and how to exploit adaptive and learning features without introducing ethically
problematic system properties. | computer science |
20,524 | Applications of Probabilistic Programming (Master's thesis, 2015) | cs.AI | This thesis describes work on two applications of probabilistic programming:
the learning of probabilistic program code given specifications, in particular
program code of one-dimensional samplers; and the facilitation of sequential
Monte Carlo inference with help of data-driven proposals. The latter is
presented with ... | computer science |
20,525 | A Survey of Qualitative Spatial and Temporal Calculi -- Algebraic and
Computational Properties | cs.AI | Qualitative Spatial and Temporal Reasoning (QSTR) is concerned with symbolic
knowledge representation, typically over infinite domains. The motivations for
employing QSTR techniques range from exploiting computational properties that
allow efficient reasoning to capture human cognitive concepts in a
computational frame... | computer science |
20,526 | A structured argumentation framework for detaching conditional
obligations | cs.AI | We present a general formal argumentation system for dealing with the
detachment of conditional obligations. Given a set of facts, constraints, and
conditional obligations, we answer the question whether an unconditional
obligation is detachable by considering reasons for and against its detachment.
For the evaluation ... | computer science |
20,527 | The Challenge of Non-Technical Loss Detection using Artificial
Intelligence: A Survey | cs.AI | Detection of non-technical losses (NTL) which include electricity theft,
faulty meters or billing errors has attracted increasing attention from
researchers in electrical engineering and computer science. NTLs cause
significant harm to the economy, as in some countries they may range up to 40%
of the total electricity ... | computer science |
20,528 | Death and Suicide in Universal Artificial Intelligence | cs.AI | Reinforcement learning (RL) is a general paradigm for studying intelligent
behaviour, with applications ranging from artificial intelligence to psychology
and economics. AIXI is a universal solution to the RL problem; it can learn any
computable environment. A technical subtlety of AIXI is that it is defined
using a mi... | computer science |
20,529 | Selecting the Best Player Formation for Corner-Kick Situations Based on
Bayes' Estimation | cs.AI | In the domain of the Soccer simulation 2D league of the RoboCup project,
appropriate player positioning against a given opponent team is an important
factor of soccer team performance. This work proposes a model which decides the
strategy that should be applied regarding a particular opponent team. This task
can be rea... | computer science |
20,530 | ECMdd: Evidential c-medoids clustering with multiple prototypes | cs.AI | In this work, a new prototype-based clustering method named Evidential
C-Medoids (ECMdd), which belongs to the family of medoid-based clustering for
proximity data, is proposed as an extension of Fuzzy C-Medoids (FCMdd) on the
theoretical framework of belief functions. In the application of FCMdd and
original ECMdd, a ... | computer science |
20,531 | The belief noisy-or model applied to network reliability analysis | cs.AI | One difficulty faced in knowledge engineering for Bayesian Network (BN) is
the quan-tification step where the Conditional Probability Tables (CPTs) are
determined. The number of parameters included in CPTs increases exponentially
with the number of parent variables. The most common solution is the
application of the so... | computer science |
20,532 | Unifying Count-Based Exploration and Intrinsic Motivation | cs.AI | We consider an agent's uncertainty about its environment and the problem of
generalizing this uncertainty across observations. Specifically, we focus on
the problem of exploration in non-tabular reinforcement learning. Drawing
inspiration from the intrinsic motivation literature, we use density models to
measure uncert... | computer science |
20,533 | Human vs. Computer Go: Review and Prospect | cs.AI | The Google DeepMind challenge match in March 2016 was a historic achievement
for computer Go development. This article discusses the development of
computational intelligence (CI) and its relative strength in comparison with
human intelligence for the game of Go. We first summarize the milestones
achieved for computer ... | computer science |
20,534 | Simplified Boardgames | cs.AI | We formalize Simplified Boardgames language, which describes a subclass of
arbitrary board games. The language structure is based on the regular
expressions, which makes the rules easily machine-processable while keeping the
rules concise and fairly human-readable. | computer science |
20,535 | A Modified Vortex Search Algorithm for Numerical Function Optimization | cs.AI | The Vortex Search (VS) algorithm is one of the recently proposed
metaheuristic algorithms which was inspired from the vortical flow of the
stirred fluids. Although the VS algorithm is shown to be a good candidate for
the solution of certain optimization problems, it also has some drawbacks. In
the VS algorithm, candida... | computer science |
20,536 | Theoretical Robopsychology: Samu Has Learned Turing Machines | cs.AI | From the point of view of a programmer, the robopsychology is a synonym for
the activity is done by developers to implement their machine learning
applications. This robopsychological approach raises some fundamental
theoretical questions of machine learning. Our discussion of these questions is
constrained to Turing m... | computer science |
20,537 | A Cognitive Architecture for the Implementation of Emotions in Computing
Systems | cs.AI | In this paper we present a new neurobiologically-inspired affective cognitive
architecture: NEUCOGAR (NEUromodulating COGnitive ARchitecture). The objective
of NEUCOGAR is the identification of a mapping from the influence of serotonin,
dopamine and noradrenaline to the computing processes based on Von Neuman's
archite... | computer science |
20,538 | Cooperative Inverse Reinforcement Learning | cs.AI | For an autonomous system to be helpful to humans and to pose no unwarranted
risks, it needs to align its values with those of the humans in its environment
in such a way that its actions contribute to the maximization of value for the
humans. We propose a formal definition of the value alignment problem as
cooperative ... | computer science |
20,539 | Fuzzy-Klassen Model for Development Disparities Analysis based on Gross
Regional Domestic Product Sector of a Region | cs.AI | Analysis of regional development imbalances quadrant has a very important
meaning in order to see the extent of achievement of the development of certain
areas as well as the difference. Factors that could be used as a tool to
measure the inequality of development is to look at the average growth and
development contri... | computer science |
20,540 | Towards Anthropo-inspired Computational Systems: the $P^3$ Model | cs.AI | This paper proposes a model which aim is providing a more coherent framework
for agents design. We identify three closely related anthropo-centered domains
working on separate functional levels. Abstracting from human physiology,
psychology, and philosophy we create the $P^3$ model to be used as a multi-tier
approach t... | computer science |
20,541 | Simple epistemic planning: generalised gossiping | cs.AI | The gossip problem, in which information (known as secrets) must be shared
among a certain number of agents using the minimum number of calls, is of
interest in the conception of communication networks and protocols. We extend
the gossip problem to arbitrary epistemic depths. For example, we may require
not only that a... | computer science |
20,542 | Structured Factored Inference: A Framework for Automated Reasoning in
Probabilistic Programming Languages | cs.AI | Reasoning on large and complex real-world models is a computationally
difficult task, yet one that is required for effective use of many AI
applications. A plethora of inference algorithms have been developed that work
well on specific models or only on parts of general models. Consequently, a
system that can intellige... | computer science |
20,543 | Using a Distributional Semantic Vector Space with a Knowledge Base for
Reasoning in Uncertain Conditions | cs.AI | The inherent inflexibility and incompleteness of commonsense knowledge bases
(KB) has limited their usefulness. We describe a system called Displacer for
performing KB queries extended with the analogical capabilities of the word2vec
distributional semantic vector space (DSVS). This allows the system to answer
queries ... | computer science |
20,544 | Experimental and causal view on information integration in autonomous
agents | cs.AI | The amount of digitally available but heterogeneous information about the
world is remarkable, and new technologies such as self-driving cars, smart
homes, or the internet of things may further increase it. In this paper we
present preliminary ideas about certain aspects of the problem of how such
heterogeneous informa... | computer science |
20,545 | Digits that are not: Generating new types through deep neural nets | cs.AI | For an artificial creative agent, an essential driver of the search for
novelty is a value function which is often provided by the system designer or
users. We argue that an important barrier for progress in creativity research
is the inability of these systems to develop their own notion of value for
novelty. We propo... | computer science |
20,546 | Relating Strong Spatial Cognition to Symbolic Problem Solving --- An
Example | cs.AI | In this note, we discuss and analyse a shortest path finding approach using
strong spatial cognition. It is compared with a symbolic graph-based algorithm
and it is shown that both approaches are similar with respect to structure and
complexity. Nevertheless, the strong spatial cognition solution is easy to
understand ... | computer science |
20,547 | Lifted Convex Quadratic Programming | cs.AI | Symmetry is the essential element of lifted inference that has recently
demon- strated the possibility to perform very efficient inference in
highly-connected, but symmetric probabilistic models models. This raises the
question, whether this holds for optimisation problems in general. Here we show
that for a large clas... | computer science |
20,548 | Why is Compiling Lifted Inference into a Low-Level Language so
Effective? | cs.AI | First-order knowledge compilation techniques have proven efficient for lifted
inference. They compile a relational probability model into a target circuit on
which many inference queries can be answered efficiently. Early methods used
data structures as their target circuit. In our KR-2016 paper, we showed that
compili... | computer science |
20,549 | Impossibility in Belief Merging | cs.AI | With the aim of studying social properties of belief merging and having a
better understanding of impossibility, we extend in three ways the framework of
logic-based merging introduced by Konieczny and Pino P\'erez. First, at the
level of representation of the information, we pass from belief bases to
complex epistemic... | computer science |
20,550 | Deep Reinforcement Learning Discovers Internal Models | cs.AI | Deep Reinforcement Learning (DRL) is a trending field of research, showing
great promise in challenging problems such as playing Atari, solving Go and
controlling robots. While DRL agents perform well in practice we are still
lacking the tools to analayze their performance. In this work we present the
Semi-Aggregated M... | computer science |
20,551 | Successor Features for Transfer in Reinforcement Learning | cs.AI | Transfer in reinforcement learning refers to the notion that generalization
should occur not only within a task but also across tasks. Our focus is on
transfer where the reward functions vary across tasks while the environment's
dynamics remain the same. The method we propose rests on two key ideas:
"successor features... | computer science |
20,552 | Abducing Compliance of Incomplete Event Logs | cs.AI | The capability to store data about business processes execution in so-called
Event Logs has brought to the diffusion of tools for the analysis of process
executions and for the assessment of the goodness of a process model.
Nonetheless, these tools are often very rigid in dealing with with Event Logs
that include incom... | computer science |
20,553 | Introspective Agents: Confidence Measures for General Value Functions | cs.AI | Agents of general intelligence deployed in real-world scenarios must adapt to
ever-changing environmental conditions. While such adaptive agents may leverage
engineered knowledge, they will require the capacity to construct and evaluate
knowledge themselves from their own experience in a bottom-up, constructivist
fashi... | computer science |
20,554 | Adding Context to Concept Trees | cs.AI | Concept Trees are a type of database that can organise arbitrary textual
information using a very simple rule. Each tree tries to represent a single
cohesive concept and the trees can link with each other for navigation and
semantic purposes. The trees are therefore a type of semantic network and would
benefit from hav... | computer science |
20,555 | On Reward Function for Survival | cs.AI | Obtaining a survival strategy (policy) is one of the fundamental problems of
biological agents. In this paper, we generalize the formulation of previous
research related to the survival of an agent and we formulate the survival
problem as a maximization of the multi-step survival probability in future time
steps. We in... | computer science |
20,556 | A Hierarchical Reinforcement Learning Method for Persistent
Time-Sensitive Tasks | cs.AI | Reinforcement learning has been applied to many interesting problems such as
the famous TD-gammon and the inverted helicopter flight. However, little effort
has been put into developing methods to learn policies for complex persistent
tasks and tasks that are time-sensitive. In this paper, we take a step towards
solvin... | computer science |
20,557 | Adaptive Task Assignment in Online Learning Environments | cs.AI | With the increasing popularity of online learning, intelligent tutoring
systems are regaining increased attention. In this paper, we introduce adaptive
algorithms for personalized assignment of learning tasks to student so that to
improve his performance in online learning environments. As main contribution
of this pap... | computer science |
20,558 | Non-Monotonic Spatial Reasoning with Answer Set Programming Modulo
Theories | cs.AI | The systematic modelling of dynamic spatial systems is a key requirement in a
wide range of application areas such as commonsense cognitive robotics,
computer-aided architecture design, and dynamic geographic information systems.
We present ASPMT(QS), a novel approach and fully-implemented prototype for
non-monotonic s... | computer science |
20,559 | Can Turing machine be curious about its Turing test results? Three
informal lectures on physics of intelligence | cs.AI | What is the nature of curiosity? Is there any scientific way to understand
the origin of this mysterious force that drives the behavior of even the
stupidest naturally intelligent systems and is completely absent in their
smartest artificial analogs? Can we build AI systems that could be curious
about something, system... | computer science |
20,560 | Towards Verified Artificial Intelligence | cs.AI | Verified artificial intelligence (AI) is the goal of designing AI-based
systems that are provably correct with respect to mathematically-specified
requirements. This paper considers Verified AI from a formal methods
perspective. We describe five challenges for achieving Verified AI, and five
corresponding principles fo... | computer science |
20,561 | On the Semantic Relationship between Probabilistic Soft Logic and Markov
Logic | cs.AI | Markov Logic Networks (MLN) and Probabilistic Soft Logic (PSL) are widely
applied formalisms in Statistical Relational Learning, an emerging area in
Artificial Intelligence that is concerned with combining logical and
statistical AI. Despite their resemblance, the relationship has not been
formally stated. In this pape... | computer science |
20,562 | Exploring high-level Perspectives on Self-Configuration Capabilities of
Systems | cs.AI | Optimization of product performance repetitively introduces the need to make
products adaptive in a more general sense. This more general idea is often
captured under the term 'self-configuration'. Despite the importance of such
capability, research work on this feature appears isolated by technical
domains. It is not ... | computer science |
20,563 | Evaluation and selection of Medical Tourism sites: A rough AHP based
MABAC approach | cs.AI | In this paper, a novel multiple criteria decision making (MCDM) methodology
is presented for assessing and prioritizing medical tourism destinations in
uncertain environment. A systematic evaluation and assessment method is
proposed by integrating rough number based AHP (Analytic Hierarchy Process) and
rough number bas... | computer science |
20,564 | Credibilistic TOPSIS Model for Evaluation and Selection of Municipal
Solid Waste Disposal Methods | cs.AI | Municipal solid waste management (MSWM) is a challenging issue of urban
development in developing countries. Each country having different
socio-economic-environmental background, might not accept a particular disposal
method as the optimal choice. Selection of suitable disposal method in MSWM,
under vague and imprecis... | computer science |
20,565 | Algebraic foundations for qualitative calculi and networks | cs.AI | A qualitative representation $\phi$ is like an ordinary representation of a
relation algebra, but instead of requiring $(a; b)^\phi = a^\phi | b^\phi$, as
we do for ordinary representations, we only require that $c^\phi\supseteq
a^\phi | b^\phi \iff c\geq a ; b$, for each $c$ in the algebra. A constraint
network is qua... | computer science |
20,566 | Ordering as privileged information | cs.AI | We propose to accelerate the rate of convergence of the pattern recognition
task by directly minimizing the variance diameters of certain hypothesis
spaces, which are critical quantities in fast-convergence results.We show that
the variance diameters can be controlled by dividing hypothesis spaces into
metric balls bas... | computer science |
20,567 | Contextual Symmetries in Probabilistic Graphical Models | cs.AI | An important approach for efficient inference in probabilistic graphical
models exploits symmetries among objects in the domain. Symmetric variables
(states) are collapsed into meta-variables (meta-states) and inference
algorithms are run over the lifted graphical model instead of the flat one. Our
paper extends existi... | computer science |
20,568 | Lifted Region-Based Belief Propagation | cs.AI | Due to the intractable nature of exact lifted inference, research has
recently focused on the discovery of accurate and efficient approximate
inference algorithms in Statistical Relational Models (SRMs), such as Lifted
First-Order Belief Propagation. FOBP simulates propositional factor graph
belief propagation without ... | computer science |
20,569 | Towards A Virtual Assistant That Can Be Taught New Tasks In Any Domain
By Its End-Users | cs.AI | The challenge stated in the title can be divided into two main problems. The
first problem is to reliably mimic the way that users interact with user
interfaces. The second problem is to build an instructible agent, i.e. one that
can be taught to execute tasks expressed as previously unseen natural language
commands. T... | computer science |
20,570 | Neutrosophic Overset, Neutrosophic Underset, and Neutrosophic Offset.
Similarly for Neutrosophic Over-/Under-/Off- Logic, Probability, and
Statistics | cs.AI | Neutrosophic Over-/Under-/Off-Set and -Logic were defined by the author in
1995 and published for the first time in 2007. We extended the neutrosophic set
respectively to Neutrosophic Overset {when some neutrosophic component is over
1}, Neutrosophic Underset {when some neutrosophic component is below 0}, and to
Neutro... | computer science |
20,571 | Situated Structure Learning of a Bayesian Logic Network for Commonsense
Reasoning | cs.AI | This paper details the implementation of an algorithm for automatically
generating a high-level knowledge network to perform commonsense reasoning,
specifically with the application of robotic task repair. The network is
represented using a Bayesian Logic Network (BLN) (Jain, Waldherr, and Beetz
2009), which combines a... | computer science |
20,572 | A Hybrid POMDP-BDI Agent Architecture with Online Stochastic Planning
and Plan Caching | cs.AI | This article presents an agent architecture for controlling an autonomous
agent in stochastic environments. The architecture combines the partially
observable Markov decision process (POMDP) model with the
belief-desire-intention (BDI) framework. The Hybrid POMDP-BDI agent
architecture takes the best features from the ... | computer science |
20,573 | Path planning with Inventory-driven Jump-Point-Search | cs.AI | In many navigational domains the traversability of cells is conditioned on
the path taken. This is often the case in video-games, in which a character may
need to acquire a certain object (i.e., a key or a flying suit) to be able to
traverse specific locations (e.g., doors or high walls). In order for
non-player charac... | computer science |
20,574 | Formal analysis of HTM Spatial Pooler performance under predefined
operation conditions | cs.AI | This paper introduces mathematical formalism for Spatial (SP) of Hierarchical
Temporal Memory (HTM) with a spacial consideration for its hardware
implementation. Performance of HTM network and its ability to learn and adjust
to a problem at hand is governed by a large set of parameters. Most of
parameters are codepende... | computer science |
20,575 | Understanding the Abstract Dialectical Framework (Preliminary Report) | cs.AI | Among the most general structures extending the framework by Dung are the
abstract dialectical frameworks (ADFs). They come equipped with various types
of semantics, with the most prominent - the labeling-based one - analyzed in
the context of computational complexity, signatures, instantiations and
software support. T... | computer science |
20,576 | Modeling of Item-Difficulty for Ontology-based MCQs | cs.AI | Multiple choice questions (MCQs) that can be generated from a domain ontology
can significantly reduce human effort & time required for authoring &
administering assessments in an e-Learning environment. Even though here are
various methods for generating MCQs from ontologies, methods for determining
the difficulty-lev... | computer science |
20,577 | An extended MABAC for multi-attribute decision making using trapezoidal
interval type-2 fuzzy numbers | cs.AI | In this paper, we attempt to extend Multi Attributive Border Approximation
area Comparison (MABAC) approach for multi-attribute decision making (MADM)
problems based on type-2 fuzzy sets (IT2FSs). As a special case of IT2FSs
interval type-2 trapezoidal fuzzy numbers (IT2TrFNs) are adopted here to deal
with uncertaintie... | computer science |
20,578 | Cost-Optimal Algorithms for Planning with Procedural Control Knowledge | cs.AI | There is an impressive body of work on developing heuristics and other
reasoning algorithms to guide search in optimal and anytime planning algorithms
for classical planning. However, very little effort has been directed towards
developing analogous techniques to guide search towards high-quality solutions
in hierarchi... | computer science |
20,579 | Argumentation Models for Cyber Attribution | cs.AI | A major challenge in cyber-threat analysis is combining information from
different sources to find the person or the group responsible for the
cyber-attack. It is one of the most important technical and policy challenges
in cyber-security. The lack of ground truth for an individual responsible for
an attack has limited... | computer science |
20,580 | Automatic Bridge Bidding Using Deep Reinforcement Learning | cs.AI | Bridge is among the zero-sum games for which artificial intelligence has not
yet outperformed expert human players. The main difficulty lies in the bidding
phase of bridge, which requires cooperative decision making under partial
information. Existing artificial intelligence systems for bridge bidding rely
on and are t... | computer science |
20,581 | Resource Planning For Rescue Operations | cs.AI | After an earthquake, disaster sites pose a multitude of health and safety
concerns. A rescue operation of people trapped in the ruins after an earthquake
disaster requires a series of intelligent behavior, including planning. For a
successful rescue operation, given a limited number of available actions and
regulations... | computer science |
20,582 | Large-scale Analysis of Chess Games with Chess Engines: A Preliminary
Report | cs.AI | The strength of chess engines together with the availability of numerous
chess games have attracted the attention of chess players, data scientists, and
researchers during the last decades. State-of-the-art engines now provide an
authoritative judgement that can be used in many applications like cheating
detection, int... | computer science |
20,583 | A Counterexample to the Forward Recursion in Fuzzy Critical Path
Analysis Under Discrete Fuzzy Sets | cs.AI | Fuzzy logic is an alternate approach for quantifying uncertainty relating to
activity duration. The fuzzy version of the backward recursion has been shown
to produce results that incorrectly amplify the level of uncertainty. However,
the fuzzy version of the forward recursion has been widely proposed as an
approach for... | computer science |
20,584 | Knowledge Representation on the Web revisited: Tools for Prototype Based
Ontologies | cs.AI | In recent years RDF and OWL have become the most common knowledge
representation languages in use on the Web, propelled by the recommendation of
the W3C. In this paper we present a practical implementation of a different
kind of knowledge representation based on Prototypes. In detail, we present a
concrete syntax easil... | computer science |
20,585 | Intelligent Biohybrid Neurotechnologies: Are They Really What They
Claim? | cs.AI | In the era of intelligent biohybrid neurotechnologies for brain repair, new
fanciful terms are appearing in the scientific dictionary to define what has so
far been unimaginable. As the emerging neurotechnologies are becoming
increasingly polyhedral and sophisticated, should we talk about evolution and
rank the intelli... | computer science |
20,586 | Playing Atari Games with Deep Reinforcement Learning and Human
Checkpoint Replay | cs.AI | This paper introduces a novel method for learning how to play the most
difficult Atari 2600 games from the Arcade Learning Environment using deep
reinforcement learning. The proposed method, human checkpoint replay, consists
in using checkpoints sampled from human gameplay as starting points for the
learning process. T... | computer science |
20,587 | You want to survive the data deluge: Be careful, Computational
Intelligence will not serve you as a rescue boat | cs.AI | We are at the dawn of a new era, where advances in computer power, broadband
communication and digital sensor technologies have led to an unprecedented
flood of data inundating our surrounding. It is generally believed that means
such as Computational Intelligence will help to outlive these tough times.
However, these ... | computer science |
20,588 | Identifying Candidate Risk Factors for Prescription Drug Side Effects
using Causal Contrast Set Mining | cs.AI | Big longitudinal observational databases present the opportunity to extract
new knowledge in a cost effective manner. Unfortunately, the ability of these
databases to be used for causal inference is limited due to the passive way in
which the data are collected resulting in various forms of bias. In this paper
we inves... | computer science |
20,589 | Refining adverse drug reaction signals by incorporating interaction
variables identified using emergent pattern mining | cs.AI | Purpose: To develop a framework for identifying and incorporating candidate
confounding interaction terms into a regularised cox regression analysis to
refine adverse drug reaction signals obtained via longitudinal observational
data. Methods: We considered six drug families that are commonly associated
with myocardial... | computer science |
20,590 | Supervised Anomaly Detection in Uncertain Pseudoperiodic Data Streams | cs.AI | Uncertain data streams have been widely generated in many Web applications.
The uncertainty in data streams makes anomaly detection from sensor data
streams far more challenging. In this paper, we present a novel framework that
supports anomaly detection in uncertain data streams. The proposed framework
adopts an effic... | computer science |
20,591 | Optimising Rule-Based Classification in Temporal Data | cs.AI | This study optimises manually derived rule-based expert system classification
of objects according to changes in their properties over time. One of the key
challenges that this study tries to address is how to classify objects that
exhibit changes in their behaviour over time, for example how to classify
companies' sha... | computer science |
20,592 | Applying Interval Type-2 Fuzzy Rule Based Classifiers Through a
Cluster-Based Class Representation | cs.AI | Fuzzy Rule-Based Classification Systems (FRBCSs) have the potential to
provide so-called interpretable classifiers, i.e. classifiers which can be
introspective, understood, validated and augmented by human experts by relying
on fuzzy-set based rules. This paper builds on prior work for interval type-2
fuzzy set based F... | computer science |
20,593 | Exploring Differences in Interpretation of Words Essential in Medical
Expert-Patient Communication | cs.AI | In the context of cancer treatment and surgery, quality of life assessment is
a crucial part of determining treatment success and viability. In order to
assess it, patients completed questionnaires which employ words to capture
aspects of patients well-being are the norm. As the results of these
questionnaires are ofte... | computer science |
20,594 | Supervised Adverse Drug Reaction Signalling Framework Imitating Bradford
Hill's Causality Considerations | cs.AI | Big longitudinal observational medical data potentially hold a wealth of
information and have been recognised as potential sources for gaining new drug
safety knowledge. Unfortunately there are many complexities and underlying
issues when analysing longitudinal observational data. Due to these
complexities, existing me... | computer science |
20,595 | Predicting Enemy's Actions Improves Commander Decision-Making | cs.AI | The Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA) Real-time Adversarial
Intelligence and Decision-making (RAID) program is investigating the
feasibility of "reading the mind of the enemy" - to estimate and anticipate, in
real-time, the enemy's likely goals, deceptions, actions, movements and
positions. This program... | computer science |
20,596 | Redundancy-free Verbalization of Individuals for Ontology Validation | cs.AI | We investigate the problem of verbalizing Web Ontology Language (OWL) axioms
of domain ontologies in this paper. The existing approaches address the problem
of fidelity of verbalized OWL texts to OWL semantics by exploring different
ways of expressing the same OWL axiom in various linguistic forms. They also
perform gr... | computer science |
20,597 | Validation of Information Fusion | cs.AI | We motivate and offer a formal definition of validation as it applies to
information fusion systems. Common definitions of validation compare the actual
state of the world with that derived by the fusion process. This definition
conflates properties of the fusion system with properties of systems that
intervene between... | computer science |
20,598 | Estimating Activity at Multiple Scales using Spatial Abstractions | cs.AI | Autonomous robots operating in dynamic environments must maintain beliefs
over a hypothesis space that is rich enough to represent the activities of
interest at different scales. This is important both in order to accommodate
the availability of evidence at varying degrees of coarseness, such as when
interpreting and a... | computer science |
20,599 | A Model of Pathways to Artificial Superintelligence Catastrophe for Risk
and Decision Analysis | cs.AI | An artificial superintelligence (ASI) is artificial intelligence that is
significantly more intelligent than humans in all respects. While ASI does not
currently exist, some scholars propose that it could be created sometime in the
future, and furthermore that its creation could cause a severe global
catastrophe, possi... | computer science |
20,600 | Focused Model-Learning and Planning for Non-Gaussian Continuous
State-Action Systems | cs.AI | We introduce a framework for model learning and planning in stochastic
domains with continuous state and action spaces and non-Gaussian transition
models. It is efficient because (1) local models are estimated only when the
planner requires them; (2) the planner focuses on the most relevant states to
the current planni... | computer science |
20,601 | Technical Report: Giving Hints for Logic Programming Examples without
Revealing Solutions | cs.AI | We introduce a framework for supporting learning to program in the paradigm
of Answer Set Programming (ASP), which is a declarative logic programming
formalism. Based on the idea of teaching by asking the student to complete
small example ASP programs, we introduce a three-stage method for giving hints
to the student w... | computer science |
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