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20,602
Harmonization of conflicting medical opinions using argumentation protocols and textual entailment - a case study on Parkinson disease
cs.AI
Parkinson's disease is the second most common neurodegenerative disease, affecting more than 1.2 million people in Europe. Medications are available for the management of its symptoms, but the exact cause of the disease is unknown and there is currently no cure on the market. To better understand the relations between ...
computer science
20,603
Neuromorphic Robot Dream
cs.AI
In this paper we present the next step in our approach to neurobiologically plausible implementation of emotional reactions and behaviors for real-time autonomous robotic systems. The working metaphor we use is the "day" and the "night" phases of mammalian life. During the "day phase" a robotic system stores the inboun...
computer science
20,604
Psychologically inspired planning method for smart relocation task
cs.AI
Behavior planning is known to be one of the basic cognitive functions, which is essential for any cognitive architecture of any control system used in robotics. At the same time most of the widespread planning algorithms employed in those systems are developed using only approaches and models of Artificial Intelligence...
computer science
20,605
A symbolic algebra for the computation of expected utilities in multiplicative influence diagrams
cs.AI
Influence diagrams provide a compact graphical representation of decision problems. Several algorithms for the quick computation of their associated expected utilities are available in the literature. However, often they rely on a full quantification of both probabilistic uncertainties and utility values. For problems ...
computer science
20,606
A Linear Algebraic Approach to Datalog Evaluation
cs.AI
In this paper, we propose a fundamentally new approach to Datalog evaluation. Given a linear Datalog program DB written using N constants and binary predicates, we first translate if-and-only-if completions of clauses in DB into a set Eq(DB) of matrix equations with a non-linear operation where relations in M_DB, the l...
computer science
20,607
Formulating Semantics of Probabilistic Argumentation by Characterizing Subgraphs: Theory and Empirical Results
cs.AI
In existing literature, while approximate approaches based on Monte-Carlo simulation technique have been proposed to compute the semantics of probabilistic argumentation, how to improve the efficiency of computation without using simulation technique is still an open problem. In this paper, we address this problem from...
computer science
20,608
Directed expected utility networks
cs.AI
A variety of statistical graphical models have been defined to represent the conditional independences underlying a random vector of interest. Similarly, many different graphs embedding various types of preferential independences, as for example conditional utility independence and generalized additive independence, ha...
computer science
20,609
Generation of Near-Optimal Solutions Using ILP-Guided Sampling
cs.AI
Our interest in this paper is in optimisation problems that are intractable to solve by direct numerical optimisation, but nevertheless have significant amounts of relevant domain-specific knowledge. The category of heuristic search techniques known as estimation of distribution algorithms (EDAs) seek to incrementally ...
computer science
20,610
Learning to Rank for Synthesizing Planning Heuristics
cs.AI
We investigate learning heuristics for domain-specific planning. Prior work framed learning a heuristic as an ordinary regression problem. However, in a greedy best-first search, the ordering of states induced by a heuristic is more indicative of the resulting planner's performance than mean squared error. Thus, we ins...
computer science
20,611
Query Answering in Resource-Based Answer Set Semantics
cs.AI
In recent work we defined resource-based answer set semantics, which is an extension to answer set semantics stemming from the study of its relationship with linear logic. In fact, the name of the new semantics comes from the fact that in the linear-logic formulation every literal (including negative ones) were conside...
computer science
20,612
Stable-Unstable Semantics: Beyond NP with Normal Logic Programs
cs.AI
Standard answer set programming (ASP) targets at solving search problems from the first level of the polynomial time hierarchy (PH). Tackling search problems beyond NP using ASP is less straightforward. The class of disjunctive logic programs offers the most prominent way of reaching the second level of the PH, but enc...
computer science
20,613
Iterative Learning of Answer Set Programs from Context Dependent Examples
cs.AI
In recent years, several frameworks and systems have been proposed that extend Inductive Logic Programming (ILP) to the Answer Set Programming (ASP) paradigm. In ILP, examples must all be explained by a hypothesis together with a given background knowledge. In existing systems, the background knowledge is the same for ...
computer science
20,614
Delta Epsilon Alpha Star: A PAC-Admissible Search Algorithm
cs.AI
Delta Epsilon Alpha Star is a minimal coverage, real-time robotic search algorithm that yields a moderately aggressive search path with minimal backtracking. Search performance is bounded by a placing a combinatorial bound, epsilon and delta, on the maximum deviation from the theoretical shortest path and the probabili...
computer science
20,615
Proceedings of the Second Summer School on Argumentation: Computational and Linguistic Perspectives (SSA'16)
cs.AI
This volume contains the thesis abstracts presented at the Second Summer School on Argumentation: Computational and Linguistic Perspectives (SSA'2016) held on September 8-12 in Potsdam, Germany.
computer science
20,616
ASP for Minimal Entailment in a Rational Extension of SROEL
cs.AI
In this paper we exploit Answer Set Programming (ASP) for reasoning in a rational extension SROEL-R-T of the low complexity description logic SROEL, which underlies the OWL EL ontology language. In the extended language, a typicality operator T is allowed to define concepts T(C) (typical C's) under a rational semantics...
computer science
20,617
Mouse Movement and Probabilistic Graphical Models Based E-Learning Activity Recognition Improvement Possibilistic Model
cs.AI
Automatically recognizing the e-learning activities is an important task for improving the online learning process. Probabilistic graphical models such as hidden Markov models and conditional random fields have been successfully used in order to identify a Web users activity. For such models, the sequences of observati...
computer science
20,618
Exact Structure Learning of Bayesian Networks by Optimal Path Extension
cs.AI
Bayesian networks are probabilistic graphical models often used in big data analytics. The problem of exact structure learning is to find a network structure that is optimal under certain scoring criteria. The problem is known to be NP-hard and the existing methods are both computationally and memory intensive. In this...
computer science
20,619
Resolving Spatial-Time Conflicts In A Set Of Any-angle Or Angle-constrained Grid Paths
cs.AI
We study the multi-agent path finding problem (MAPF) for a group of agents which are allowed to move into arbitrary directions on a 2D square grid. We focus on centralized conflict resolution for independently computed plans. We propose an algorithm that eliminates conflicts by using local re-planning and introducing t...
computer science
20,620
Perceptual Reward Functions
cs.AI
Reinforcement learning problems are often described through rewards that indicate if an agent has completed some task. This specification can yield desirable behavior, however many problems are difficult to specify in this manner, as one often needs to know the proper configuration for the agent. When humans are learni...
computer science
20,621
Informal Physical Reasoning Processes
cs.AI
A fundamental question is whether Turing machines can model all reasoning processes. We introduce an existence principle stating that the perception of the physical existence of any Turing program can serve as a physical causation for the application of any Turing-computable function to this Turing program. The existen...
computer science
20,622
Open Problem: Approximate Planning of POMDPs in the class of Memoryless Policies
cs.AI
Planning plays an important role in the broad class of decision theory. Planning has drawn much attention in recent work in the robotics and sequential decision making areas. Recently, Reinforcement Learning (RL), as an agent-environment interaction problem, has brought further attention to planning methods. Generally ...
computer science
20,623
Practical optimal experiment design with probabilistic programs
cs.AI
Scientists often run experiments to distinguish competing theories. This requires patience, rigor, and ingenuity - there is often a large space of possible experiments one could run. But we need not comb this space by hand - if we represent our theories as formal models and explicitly declare the space of experiments, ...
computer science
20,624
Effective Multi-step Temporal-Difference Learning for Non-Linear Function Approximation
cs.AI
Multi-step temporal-difference (TD) learning, where the update targets contain information from multiple time steps ahead, is one of the most popular forms of TD learning for linear function approximation. The reason is that multi-step methods often yield substantially better performance than their single-step counter-...
computer science
20,625
Implementing a Relevance Tracker Module
cs.AI
PC(ID) extends propositional logic with inductive definitions: rule sets under the well-founded semantics. Recently, a notion of relevance was introduced for this language. This notion determines the set of undecided literals that can still influence the satisfiability of a PC(ID) formula in a given partial assignment....
computer science
20,626
The languages of actions, formal grammars and qualitive modeling of companies
cs.AI
In this paper we discuss methods of using the language of actions, formal languages, and grammars for qualitative conceptual linguistic modeling of companies as technological and human institutions. The main problem following the discussion is the problem to find and describe a language structure for external and inter...
computer science
20,627
Effectiveness of greedily collecting items in open world games
cs.AI
Since Pokemon Go sent millions on the quest of collecting virtual monsters, an important question has been on the minds of many people: Is going after the closest item first a time-and-cost-effective way to play? Here, we show that this is in fact a good strategy which performs on average only 7% worse than the best po...
computer science
20,628
Five dimensions of reasoning in the wild
cs.AI
Reasoning does not work well when done in isolation from its significance, both to the needs and interests of an agent and with respect to the wider world. Moreover, those issues may best be handled with a new sort of data structure that goes beyond the knowledge base and incorporates aspects of perceptual knowledge an...
computer science
20,629
Expressibility of norms in temporal logic
cs.AI
In this short note we address the issue of expressing norms (such as obligations and prohibitions) in temporal logic. In particular, we address the argument from [Governatori 2015] that norms cannot be expressed in Linear Time Temporal Logic (LTL).
computer science
20,630
Effect of Incomplete Meta-dataset on Average Ranking Method
cs.AI
One of the simplest metalearning methods is the average ranking method. This method uses metadata in the form of test results of a given set of algorithms on given set of datasets and calculates an average rank for each algorithm. The ranks are used to construct the average ranking. We investigate the problem of how th...
computer science
20,631
A Parallel Memory-efficient Epistemic Logic Program Solver: Harder, Better, Faster
cs.AI
As the practical use of answer set programming (ASP) has grown with the development of efficient solvers, we expect a growing interest in extensions of ASP as their semantics stabilize and solvers supporting them mature. Epistemic Specifications, which adds modal operators K and M to the language of ASP, is one such ex...
computer science
20,632
State Duration and Interval Modeling in Hidden Semi-Markov Model for Sequential Data Analysis
cs.AI
Sequential data modeling and analysis have become indispensable tools for analyzing sequential data such as time-series data because a larger amount of sensed event data have become available. These methods capture the sequential structure of data of interest, such as input- output relationship and correlation among da...
computer science
20,633
Is a good offensive always the best defense?
cs.AI
A checkers-like model game with a simplified set of rules is studied through extensive simulations of agents with different expertise and strategies. The introduction of complementary strategies, in a quite general way, provides a tool to mimic the basic ingredients of a wide scope of real games. We find that only for ...
computer science
20,634
On Simulated Annealing Dedicated to Maximin Latin Hypercube Designs
cs.AI
The goal of our research was to enhance local search heuristics used to construct Latin Hypercube Designs. First, we introduce the \textit{1D-move} perturbation to improve the space exploration performed by these algorithms. Second, we propose a new evaluation function $\psi_{p,\sigma}$ specifically targeting the Maxim...
computer science
20,635
The Movie Graph Argument Revisited
cs.AI
In this paper, we reexamine the Movie Graph Argument, which demonstrates a basic incompatibility between computationalism and materialism. We discover that the incompatibility is only manifest in singular classical-like universes. If we accept that we live in a Multiverse, then the incompatibility goes away, but in tha...
computer science
20,636
Data Analytics using Ontologies of Management Theories: Towards Implementing 'From Theory to Practice'
cs.AI
We explore how computational ontologies can be impactful vis-a-vis the developing discipline of "data science." We posit an approach wherein management theories are represented as formal axioms, and then applied to draw inferences about data that reside in corporate databases. That is, management theories would be impl...
computer science
20,637
Event Selection Rules to Compute Explanations
cs.AI
Explanations have been introduced in the previous century. Their interest in reducing the search space is no longer questioned. Yet, their efficient implementation into CSP solver is still a challenge. In this paper, we introduce ESeR, an Event Selection Rules algorithm that filters events generated during propagation....
computer science
20,638
From Deterministic ODEs to Dynamic Structural Causal Models
cs.AI
We show how, under certain conditions, the asymptotic behaviour of an Ordinary Differential Equation under non-constant interventions can be modelled using Dynamic Structural Causal Models. In contrast to earlier work, we study not only the effect of interventions on equilibrium states; rather, we model asymptotic beha...
computer science
20,639
A Novel Approach to Multimedia Ontology Engineering for Automated Reasoning over Audiovisual LOD Datasets
cs.AI
Multimedia reasoning, which is suitable for, among others, multimedia content analysis and high-level video scene interpretation, relies on the formal and comprehensive conceptualization of the represented knowledge domain. However, most multimedia ontologies are not exhaustive in terms of role definitions, and do not ...
computer science
20,640
Achievements in Answer Set Programming (Preliminary Report)
cs.AI
This paper describes an approach to the methodology of answer set programming (ASP) that can facilitate the design of encodings that are easy to understand and provably correct. Under this approach, after appending a rule or a small group of rules to the emerging program we include a comment that states what has been "...
computer science
20,641
Vicious Circle Principle and Formation of Sets in ASP Based Languages
cs.AI
The paper continues the investigation of Poincare and Russel's Vicious Circle Principle (VCP) in the context of the design of logic programming languages with sets. We expand previously introduced language Alog with aggregates by allowing infinite sets and several additional set related constructs useful for knowledge ...
computer science
20,642
BreakID: Static Symmetry Breaking for ASP (System Description)
cs.AI
Symmetry breaking has been proven to be an efficient preprocessing technique for satisfiability solving (SAT). In this paper, we port the state-of-the-art SAT symmetry breaker BreakID to answer set programming (ASP). The result is a lightweight tool that can be plugged in between the grounding and the solving phases th...
computer science
20,643
PDDL+ Planning via Constraint Answer Set Programming
cs.AI
PDDL+ is an extension of PDDL that enables modelling planning domains with mixed discrete-continuous dynamics. In this paper we present a new approach to PDDL+ planning based on Constraint Answer Set Programming (CASP), i.e. ASP rules plus numerical constraints. To the best of our knowledge, ours is the first attempt t...
computer science
20,644
A case study of algorithm selection for the traveling thief problem
cs.AI
Many real-world problems are composed of several interacting components. In order to facilitate research on such interactions, the Traveling Thief Problem (TTP) was created in 2013 as the combination of two well-understood combinatorial optimization problems. With this article, we contribute in four ways. First, we c...
computer science
20,645
A MIP Backend for the IDP System
cs.AI
The IDP knowledge base system currently uses MiniSAT(ID) as its backend Constraint Programming (CP) solver. A few similar systems have used a Mixed Integer Programming (MIP) solver as backend. However, so far little is known about when the MIP solver is preferable. This paper explores this question. It describes the us...
computer science
20,646
Unifying task specification in reinforcement learning
cs.AI
Reinforcement learning tasks are typically specified as Markov decision processes. This formalism has been highly successful, though specifications often couple the dynamics of the environment and the learning objective. This lack of modularity can complicate generalization of the task specification, as well as obfusca...
computer science
20,647
Random Shuffling and Resets for the Non-stationary Stochastic Bandit Problem
cs.AI
We consider a non-stationary formulation of the stochastic multi-armed bandit where the rewards are no longer assumed to be identically distributed. For the best-arm identification task, we introduce a version of Successive Elimination based on random shuffling of the $K$ arms. We prove that under a novel and mild assu...
computer science
20,648
Latent Dependency Forest Models
cs.AI
Probabilistic modeling is one of the foundations of modern machine learning and artificial intelligence. In this paper, we propose a novel type of probabilistic models named latent dependency forest models (LDFMs). A LDFM models the dependencies between random variables with a forest structure that can change dynamical...
computer science
20,649
Towards Better Response Times and Higher-Quality Queries in Interactive Knowledge Base Debugging
cs.AI
Many AI applications rely on knowledge encoded in a locigal knowledge base (KB). The most essential benefit of such logical KBs is the opportunity to perform automatic reasoning which however requires a KB to meet some minimal quality criteria such as consistency. Without adequate tool assistance, the task of resolving...
computer science
20,650
Some Advances in Role Discovery in Graphs
cs.AI
Role discovery in graphs is an emerging area that allows analysis of complex graphs in an intuitive way. In contrast to other graph prob- lems such as community discovery, which finds groups of highly connected nodes, the role discovery problem finds groups of nodes that share similar graph topological structure. Howev...
computer science
20,651
Relational Models
cs.AI
We provide a survey on relational models. Relational models describe complete networked {domains by taking into account global dependencies in the data}. Relational models can lead to more accurate predictions if compared to non-relational machine learning approaches. Relational models typically are based on probabilis...
computer science
20,652
DESPOT: Online POMDP Planning with Regularization
cs.AI
The partially observable Markov decision process (POMDP) provides a principled general framework for planning under uncertainty, but solving POMDPs optimally is computationally intractable, due to the "curse of dimensionality" and the "curse of history". To overcome these challenges, we introduce the Determinized Spars...
computer science
20,653
Graph Aggregation
cs.AI
Graph aggregation is the process of computing a single output graph that constitutes a good compromise between several input graphs, each provided by a different source. One needs to perform graph aggregation in a wide variety of situations, e.g., when applying a voting rule (graphs as preference orders), when consolid...
computer science
20,654
Instrumenting an SMT Solver to Solve Hybrid Network Reachability Problems
cs.AI
PDDL+ planning has its semantics rooted in hybrid automata (HA) and recent work has shown that it can be modeled as a network of HAs. Addressing the complexity of nonlinear PDDL+ planning as HAs requires both space and time efficient reasoning. Unfortunately, existing solvers either do not address nonlinear dynamics or...
computer science
20,655
Sequencing Chess
cs.AI
We analyze the structure of the state space of chess by means of transition path sampling Monte Carlo simulation. Based on the typical number of moves required to transpose a given configuration of chess pieces into another, we conclude that the state space consists of several pockets between which transitions are rare...
computer science
20,656
NPCs as People, Too: The Extreme AI Personality Engine
cs.AI
PK Dick once asked "Do Androids Dream of Electric Sheep?" In video games, a similar question could be asked of non-player characters: Do NPCs have dreams? Can they live and change as humans do? Can NPCs have personalities, and can these develop through interactions with players, other NPCs, and the world around them? D...
computer science
20,657
The Option-Critic Architecture
cs.AI
Temporal abstraction is key to scaling up learning and planning in reinforcement learning. While planning with temporally extended actions is well understood, creating such abstractions autonomously from data has remained challenging. We tackle this problem in the framework of options [Sutton, Precup & Singh, 1999; Pre...
computer science
20,658
Should Terminology Principles be re-examined?
cs.AI
Operationalization of terminology for IT applications has revived the Wusterian approach. The conceptual dimension once more prevails after taking back seat to specialised lexicography. This is demonstrated by the emergence of ontology in terminology. While the Terminology Principles as defined in Felber manual and the...
computer science
20,659
Prioritised Default Logic as Argumentation with Partial Order Default Priorities
cs.AI
We express Brewka's prioritised default logic (PDL) as argumentation using ASPIC+. By representing PDL as argumentation and designing an argument preference relation that takes the argument structure into account, we prove that the conclusions of the justified arguments correspond to the PDL extensions. We will first a...
computer science
20,660
Label-Free Supervision of Neural Networks with Physics and Domain Knowledge
cs.AI
In many machine learning applications, labeled data is scarce and obtaining more labels is expensive. We introduce a new approach to supervising neural networks by specifying constraints that should hold over the output space, rather than direct examples of input-output pairs. These constraints are derived from prior d...
computer science
20,661
Preorder-Based Triangle: A Modified Version of Bilattice-Based Triangle for Belief Revision in Nonmonotonic Reasoning
cs.AI
Bilattice-based triangle provides an elegant algebraic structure for reasoning with vague and uncertain information. But the truth and knowledge ordering of intervals in bilattice-based triangle can not handle repetitive belief revisions which is an essential characteristic of nonmonotonic reasoning. Moreover the order...
computer science
20,662
On the adoption of abductive reasoning for time series interpretation
cs.AI
Time series interpretation aims to provide an explanation of what is observed in terms of its underlying processes. The present work is based on the assumption that common classification-based approaches to time series interpretation suffer from a set of inherent weaknesses whose ultimate cause lies in the monotonic na...
computer science
20,663
TODIM and TOPSIS with Z-numbers
cs.AI
In this paper, we present an approach that is able to handle with Z-numbers in the context of Multi-Criteria Decision Making (MCDM) problems. Z-numbers are composed of two parts, the first one is a restriction on the values that can be assumed, and the second part is the reliability of the information. As human beings ...
computer science
20,664
A Theory of Interactive Debugging of Knowledge Bases in Monotonic Logics
cs.AI
A broad variety of knowledge-based applications such as recommender, expert, planning or configuration systems usually operate on the basis of knowledge represented by means of some logical language. Such a logical knowledge base (KB) enables intelligent behavior of such systems by allowing them to automatically reason...
computer science
20,665
The Digital Synaptic Neural Substrate: Size and Quality Matters
cs.AI
We investigate the 'Digital Synaptic Neural Substrate' (DSNS) computational creativity approach further with respect to the size and quality of images that can be used to seed the process. In previous work we demonstrated how combining photographs of people and sequences taken from chess games between weak players can ...
computer science
20,666
NdFluents: A Multi-dimensional Contexts Ontology
cs.AI
Annotating semantic data with metadata is becoming more and more important to provide information about the statements being asserted. While initial solutions proposed a data model to represent a specific dimension of meta-information (such as time or provenance), the need for a general annotation framework which allow...
computer science
20,667
Commonsense reasoning, commonsense knowledge, and the SP theory of intelligence
cs.AI
This paper describes how the "SP theory of intelligence", outlined in an Appendix, may throw light on aspects of commonsense reasoning (CSR) and commonsense knowledge (CSK) (together shortened to CSRK), as discussed in another paper by Ernest Davis and Gary Marcus (DM). The SP system has the generality needed for CSRK:...
computer science
20,668
Model-based Test Generation for Robotic Software: Automata versus Belief-Desire-Intention Agents
cs.AI
Robotic code needs to be verified to ensure its safety and functional correctness, especially when the robot is interacting with people. Testing real code in simulation is a viable option. However, generating tests that cover rare scenarios, as well as exercising most of the code, is a challenge amplified by the comple...
computer science
20,669
A computer program for simulating time travel and a possible 'solution' for the grandfather paradox
cs.AI
While the possibility of time travel in physics is still debated, the explosive growth of virtual-reality simulations opens up new possibilities to rigorously explore such time travel and its consequences in the digital domain. Here we provide a computational model of time travel and a computer program that allows expl...
computer science
20,670
UbuntuWorld 1.0 LTS - A Platform for Automated Problem Solving & Troubleshooting in the Ubuntu OS
cs.AI
In this paper, we present UbuntuWorld 1.0 LTS - a platform for developing automated technical support agents in the Ubuntu operating system. Specifically, we propose to use the Bash terminal as a simulator of the Ubuntu environment for a learning-based agent and demonstrate the usefulness of adopting reinforcement lear...
computer science
20,671
Global Constraint Catalog, Volume II, Time-Series Constraints
cs.AI
First this report presents a restricted set of finite transducers used to synthesise structural time-series constraints described by means of a multi-layered function composition scheme. Second it provides the corresponding synthesised catalogue of structural time-series constraints where each constraint is explicitly ...
computer science
20,672
Heuristic with elements of tabu search for Truck and Trailer Routing Problem
cs.AI
Vehicle Routing Problem is a well-known problem in logistics and transportation, and the variety of such problems is explained by the fact that it occurs in many real-life situations. It is an NP-hard combinatorial optimization problem and finding an exact optimal solution is practically impossible. In this work, Site-...
computer science
20,673
Characterization of experts in crowdsourcing platforms
cs.AI
Crowdsourcing platforms enable to propose simple human intelligence tasks to a large number of participants who realise these tasks. The workers often receive a small amount of money or the platforms include some other incentive mechanisms, for example they can increase the workers reputation score, if they complete th...
computer science
20,674
Improving Accuracy and Scalability of the PC Algorithm by Maximizing P-value
cs.AI
A number of attempts have been made to improve accuracy and/or scalability of the PC (Peter and Clark) algorithm, some well known (Buhlmann, et al., 2010; Kalisch and Buhlmann, 2007; 2008; Zhang, 2012, to give some examples). We add here one more tool to the toolbox: the simple observation that if one is forced to choo...
computer science
20,675
A Probability Distribution Strategy with Efficient Clause Selection for Hard Max-SAT Formulas
cs.AI
Many real-world problems involving constraints can be regarded as instances of the Max-SAT problem, which is the optimization variant of the classic satisfiability problem. In this paper, we propose a novel probabilistic approach for Max-SAT called ProMS. Our algorithm relies on a stochastic local search strategy using...
computer science
20,676
Phase-Mapper: An AI Platform to Accelerate High Throughput Materials Discovery
cs.AI
High-Throughput materials discovery involves the rapid synthesis, measurement, and characterization of many different but structurally-related materials. A key problem in materials discovery, the phase map identification problem, involves the determination of the crystal phase diagram from the materials' composition an...
computer science
20,677
Towards the Design of Prospect-Theory based Human Decision Rules for Hypothesis Testing
cs.AI
Detection rules have traditionally been designed for rational agents that minimize the Bayes risk (average decision cost). With the advent of crowd-sensing systems, there is a need to redesign binary hypothesis testing rules for behavioral agents, whose cognitive behavior is not captured by traditional utility function...
computer science
20,678
The Predictive Context Tree: Predicting Contexts and Interactions
cs.AI
With a large proportion of people carrying location-aware smartphones, we have an unprecedented platform from which to understand individuals and predict their future actions. This work builds upon the Context Tree data structure that summarises the historical contexts of individuals from augmented geospatial trajector...
computer science
20,679
Lifted Message Passing for the Generalized Belief Propagation
cs.AI
We introduce the lifted Generalized Belief Propagation (GBP) message passing algorithm, for the computation of sum-product queries in Probabilistic Relational Models (e.g. Markov logic network). The algorithm forms a compact region graph and establishes a modified version of message passing, which mimics the GBP behavi...
computer science
20,680
Learning Macro-actions for State-Space Planning
cs.AI
Planning has achieved significant progress in recent years. Among the various approaches to scale up plan synthesis, the use of macro-actions has been widely explored. As a first stage towards the development of a solution to learn on-line macro-actions, we propose an algorithm to identify useful macro-actions based on...
computer science
20,681
Solving Marginal MAP Problems with NP Oracles and Parity Constraints
cs.AI
Arising from many applications at the intersection of decision making and machine learning, Marginal Maximum A Posteriori (Marginal MAP) Problems unify the two main classes of inference, namely maximization (optimization) and marginal inference (counting), and are believed to have higher complexity than both of them. W...
computer science
20,682
Multi-Objective Deep Reinforcement Learning
cs.AI
We propose Deep Optimistic Linear Support Learning (DOL) to solve high-dimensional multi-objective decision problems where the relative importances of the objectives are not known a priori. Using features from the high-dimensional inputs, DOL computes the convex coverage set containing all potential optimal solutions o...
computer science
20,683
Situational Awareness by Risk-Conscious Skills
cs.AI
Hierarchical Reinforcement Learning has been previously shown to speed up the convergence rate of RL planning algorithms as well as mitigate feature-based model misspecification (Mankowitz et. al. 2016a,b, Bacon 2015). To do so, it utilizes hierarchical abstractions, also known as skills -- a type of temporally extende...
computer science
20,684
ABA+: Assumption-Based Argumentation with Preferences
cs.AI
We present ABA+, a new approach to handling preferences in a well known structured argumentation formalism, Assumption-Based Argumentation (ABA). In ABA+, preference information given over assumptions is incorporated directly into the attack relation, thus resulting in attack reversal. ABA+ conservatively extends ABA a...
computer science
20,685
A Chain-Detection Algorithm for Two-Dimensional Grids
cs.AI
We describe a general method of detecting valid chains or links of pieces on a two-dimensional grid. Specifically, using the example of the chess variant known as Switch-Side Chain-Chess (SSCC). Presently, no foolproof method of detecting such chains in any given chess position is known and existing graph theory, to ou...
computer science
20,686
A fuzzy expert system for earthquake prediction, case study: the Zagros range
cs.AI
A methodology for the development of a fuzzy expert system (FES) with application to earthquake prediction is presented. The idea is to reproduce the performance of a human expert in earthquake prediction. To do this, at the first step, rules provided by the human expert are used to generate a fuzzy rule base. These ru...
computer science
20,687
Improved Knowledge Base Completion by Path-Augmented TransR Model
cs.AI
Knowledge base completion aims to infer new relations from existing information. In this paper, we propose path-augmented TransR (PTransR) model to improve the accuracy of link prediction. In our approach, we base PTransR model on TransR, which is the best one-hop model at present. Then we regularize TransR with inform...
computer science
20,688
Improvements in Sub-optimal Solving of the $(N^2-1)$-Puzzle via Joint Relocation of Pebbles and its Applications to Rule-based Cooperative Path-Finding
cs.AI
The problem of solving $(n^2-1)$-puzzle and cooperative path-finding (CPF) sub-optimally by rule based algorithms is addressed in this manuscript. The task in the puzzle is to rearrange $n^2-1$ pebbles on the square grid of the size of n x n using one vacant position to a desired goal configuration. An improvement to t...
computer science
20,689
VRPBench: A Vehicle Routing Benchmark Tool
cs.AI
The number of optimization techniques in the combinatorial domain is large and diversified. Nevertheless, there is still a lack of real benchmarks to validate optimization algorithms. In this work we introduce VRPBench, a tool to create instances and visualize solutions to the Vehicle Routing Problem (VRP) in a planar ...
computer science
20,690
Makespan Optimal Solving of Cooperative Path-Finding via Reductions to Propositional Satisfiability
cs.AI
The problem of makespan optimal solving of cooperative path finding (CPF) is addressed in this paper. The task in CPF is to relocate a group of agents in a non-colliding way so that each agent eventually reaches its goal location from the given initial location. The abstraction adopted in this work assumes that agents ...
computer science
20,691
Identifiability and Transportability in Dynamic Causal Networks
cs.AI
In this paper we propose a causal analog to the purely observational Dynamic Bayesian Networks, which we call Dynamic Causal Networks. We provide a sound and complete algorithm for identification of Dynamic Causal Net- works, namely, for computing the effect of an intervention or experiment, based on passive observatio...
computer science
20,692
Constrained Cohort Intelligence using Static and Dynamic Penalty Function Approach for Mechanical Components Design
cs.AI
Most of the metaheuristics can efficiently solve unconstrained problems; however, their performance may degenerate if the constraints are involved. This paper proposes two constraint handling approaches for an emerging metaheuristic of Cohort Intelligence (CI). More specifically CI with static penalty function approach...
computer science
20,693
Generalized Interval-valued OWA Operators with Interval Weights Derived from Interval-valued Overlap Functions
cs.AI
In this work we extend to the interval-valued setting the notion of an overlap functions and we discuss a method which makes use of interval-valued overlap functions for constructing OWA operators with interval-valued weights. . Some properties of interval-valued overlap functions and the derived interval-valued OWA op...
computer science
20,694
An Ensemble of Adaptive Neuro-Fuzzy Kohonen Networks for Online Data Stream Fuzzy Clustering
cs.AI
A new approach to data stream clustering with the help of an ensemble of adaptive neuro-fuzzy systems is proposed. The proposed ensemble is formed with adaptive neuro-fuzzy self-organizing Kohonen maps in a parallel processing mode. A final result is chosen by the best neuro-fuzzy self-organizing Kohonen map.
computer science
20,695
KGEval: Estimating Accuracy of Automatically Constructed Knowledge Graphs
cs.AI
Automatic construction of large knowledge graphs (KG) by mining web-scale text datasets has received considerable attention recently. Estimating accuracy of such automatically constructed KGs is a challenging problem due to their size and diversity. This important problem has largely been ignored in prior research we f...
computer science
20,696
pg-Causality: Identifying Spatiotemporal Causal Pathways for Air Pollutants with Urban Big Data
cs.AI
Many countries are suffering from severe air pollution. Understanding how different air pollutants accumulate and propagate is critical to making relevant public policies. In this paper, we use urban big data (air quality data and meteorological data) to identify the \emph{spatiotemporal (ST) causal pathways} for air p...
computer science
20,697
Characterization of an inconsistency ranking for pairwise comparison matrices
cs.AI
Pairwise comparisons between alternatives are a well-known method for measuring preferences of a decision-maker. Since these often do not exhibit consistency, a number of inconsistency indices has been introduced in order to measure the deviation from this ideal case. We axiomatically characterize the inconsistency ran...
computer science
20,698
Balancing Suspense and Surprise: Timely Decision Making with Endogenous Information Acquisition
cs.AI
We develop a Bayesian model for decision-making under time pressure with endogenous information acquisition. In our model, the decision maker decides when to observe (costly) information by sampling an underlying continuous-time stochastic process (time series) that conveys information about the potential occurrence or...
computer science
20,699
Intelligence in Artificial Intelligence
cs.AI
The elusive quest for intelligence in artificial intelligence prompts us to consider that instituting human-level intelligence in systems may be (still) in the realm of utopia. In about a quarter century, we have witnessed the winter of AI (1990) being transformed and transported to the zenith of tabloid fodder about A...
computer science
20,700
Process Discovery using Inductive Miner and Decomposition
cs.AI
This report presents a submission to the Process Discovery Contest. The contest is dedicated to the assessment of tools and techniques that discover business process models from event logs. The objective is to compare the efficiency of techniques to discover process models that provide a proper balance between "overfit...
computer science
20,701
A self-tuning Firefly algorithm to tune the parameters of Ant Colony System (ACSFA)
cs.AI
Ant colony system (ACS) is a promising approach which has been widely used in problems such as Travelling Salesman Problems (TSP), Job shop scheduling problems (JSP) and Quadratic Assignment problems (QAP). In its original implementation, parameters of the algorithm were selected by trial and error approach. Over the l...
computer science