Unnamed: 0
int64
0
41k
title
stringlengths
4
274
category
stringlengths
5
18
summary
stringlengths
22
3.66k
theme
stringclasses
8 values
31,902
Credal Classification based on AODE and compression coefficients
cs.LG
Bayesian model averaging (BMA) is an approach to average over alternative models; yet, it usually gets excessively concentrated around the single most probable model, therefore achieving only sub-optimal classification performance. The compression-based approach (Boulle, 2007) overcomes this problem, averaging over the...
computer science
31,903
The Kernelized Stochastic Batch Perceptron
cs.LG
We present a novel approach for training kernel Support Vector Machines, establish learning runtime guarantees for our method that are better then those of any other known kernelized SVM optimization approach, and show that our method works well in practice compared to existing alternatives.
computer science
31,904
Stochastic Feature Mapping for PAC-Bayes Classification
cs.LG
Probabilistic generative modeling of data distributions can potentially exploit hidden information which is useful for discriminative classification. This observation has motivated the development of approaches that couple generative and discriminative models for classification. In this paper, we propose a new approach...
computer science
31,905
Supervised feature evaluation by consistency analysis: application to measure sets used to characterise geographic objects
cs.LG
Nowadays, supervised learning is commonly used in many domains. Indeed, many works propose to learn new knowledge from examples that translate the expected behaviour of the considered system. A key issue of supervised learning concerns the description language used to represent the examples. In this paper, we propose a...
computer science
31,906
APRIL: Active Preference-learning based Reinforcement Learning
cs.LG
This paper focuses on reinforcement learning (RL) with limited prior knowledge. In the domain of swarm robotics for instance, the expert can hardly design a reward function or demonstrate the target behavior, forbidding the use of both standard RL and inverse reinforcement learning. Although with a limited expertise, t...
computer science
31,907
Data Selection for Semi-Supervised Learning
cs.LG
The real challenge in pattern recognition task and machine learning process is to train a discriminator using labeled data and use it to distinguish between future data as accurate as possible. However, most of the problems in the real world have numerous data, which labeling them is a cumbersome or even an impossible ...
computer science
31,908
Guess Who Rated This Movie: Identifying Users Through Subspace Clustering
cs.LG
It is often the case that, within an online recommender system, multiple users share a common account. Can such shared accounts be identified solely on the basis of the user- provided ratings? Once a shared account is identified, can the different users sharing it be identified as well? Whenever such user identificatio...
computer science
31,909
Metric Learning across Heterogeneous Domains by Respectively Aligning Both Priors and Posteriors
cs.LG
In this paper, we attempts to learn a single metric across two heterogeneous domains where source domain is fully labeled and has many samples while target domain has only a few labeled samples but abundant unlabeled samples. To the best of our knowledge, this task is seldom touched. The proposed learning model has a s...
computer science
31,910
Margin Distribution Controlled Boosting
cs.LG
Schapire's margin theory provides a theoretical explanation to the success of boosting-type methods and manifests that a good margin distribution (MD) of training samples is essential for generalization. However the statement that a MD is good is vague, consequently, many recently developed algorithms try to generate a...
computer science
31,911
Inverse Reinforcement Learning with Gaussian Process
cs.LG
We present new algorithms for inverse reinforcement learning (IRL, or inverse optimal control) in convex optimization settings. We argue that finite-space IRL can be posed as a convex quadratic program under a Bayesian inference framework with the objective of maximum a posterior estimation. To deal with problems in la...
computer science
31,912
Efficient Active Learning of Halfspaces: an Aggressive Approach
cs.LG
We study pool-based active learning of half-spaces. We revisit the aggressive approach for active learning in the realizable case, and show that it can be made efficient and practical, while also having theoretical guarantees under reasonable assumptions. We further show, both theoretically and experimentally, that it ...
computer science
31,913
Auto-WEKA: Combined Selection and Hyperparameter Optimization of Classification Algorithms
cs.LG
Many different machine learning algorithms exist; taking into account each algorithm's hyperparameters, there is a staggeringly large number of possible alternatives overall. We consider the problem of simultaneously selecting a learning algorithm and setting its hyperparameters, going beyond previous work that address...
computer science
31,914
Vector Field k-Means: Clustering Trajectories by Fitting Multiple Vector Fields
cs.LG
Scientists study trajectory data to understand trends in movement patterns, such as human mobility for traffic analysis and urban planning. There is a pressing need for scalable and efficient techniques for analyzing this data and discovering the underlying patterns. In this paper, we introduce a novel technique which ...
computer science
31,915
Link Prediction via Generalized Coupled Tensor Factorisation
cs.LG
This study deals with the missing link prediction problem: the problem of predicting the existence of missing connections between entities of interest. We address link prediction using coupled analysis of relational datasets represented as heterogeneous data, i.e., datasets in the form of matrices and higher-order tens...
computer science
31,916
Improving the K-means algorithm using improved downhill simplex search
cs.LG
The k-means algorithm is one of the well-known and most popular clustering algorithms. K-means seeks an optimal partition of the data by minimizing the sum of squared error with an iterative optimization procedure, which belongs to the category of hill climbing algorithms. As we know hill climbing searches are famous f...
computer science
31,917
Structuring Relevant Feature Sets with Multiple Model Learning
cs.LG
Feature selection is one of the most prominent learning tasks, especially in high-dimensional datasets in which the goal is to understand the mechanisms that underly the learning dataset. However most of them typically deliver just a flat set of relevant features and provide no further information on what kind of struc...
computer science
31,918
An Empirical Study of MAUC in Multi-class Problems with Uncertain Cost Matrices
cs.LG
Cost-sensitive learning relies on the availability of a known and fixed cost matrix. However, in some scenarios, the cost matrix is uncertain during training, and re-train a classifier after the cost matrix is specified would not be an option. For binary classification, this issue can be successfully addressed by metho...
computer science
31,919
Performance Evaluation of Predictive Classifiers For Knowledge Discovery From Engineering Materials Data Sets
cs.LG
In this paper, naive Bayesian and C4.5 Decision Tree Classifiers(DTC) are successively applied on materials informatics to classify the engineering materials into different classes for the selection of materials that suit the input design specifications. Here, the classifiers are analyzed individually and their perform...
computer science
31,920
Conditional validity of inductive conformal predictors
cs.LG
Conformal predictors are set predictors that are automatically valid in the sense of having coverage probability equal to or exceeding a given confidence level. Inductive conformal predictors are a computationally efficient version of conformal predictors satisfying the same property of validity. However, inductive con...
computer science
31,921
Improving Energy Efficiency in Femtocell Networks: A Hierarchical Reinforcement Learning Framework
cs.LG
This paper investigates energy efficiency for two-tier femtocell networks through combining game theory and stochastic learning. With the Stackelberg game formulation, a hierarchical reinforcement learning framework is applied to study the joint average utility maximization of macrocells and femtocells subject to the m...
computer science
31,922
Parametric Local Metric Learning for Nearest Neighbor Classification
cs.LG
We study the problem of learning local metrics for nearest neighbor classification. Most previous works on local metric learning learn a number of local unrelated metrics. While this "independence" approach delivers an increased flexibility its downside is the considerable risk of overfitting. We present a new parametr...
computer science
31,923
Fast Randomized Model Generation for Shapelet-Based Time Series Classification
cs.LG
Time series classification is a field which has drawn much attention over the past decade. A new approach for classification of time series uses classification trees based on shapelets. A shapelet is a subsequence extracted from one of the time series in the dataset. A disadvantage of this approach is the time required...
computer science
31,924
Towards Large-scale and Ultrahigh Dimensional Feature Selection via Feature Generation
cs.LG
In many real-world applications such as text mining, it is desirable to select the most relevant features or variables to improve the generalization ability, or to provide a better interpretation of the prediction models. {In this paper, a novel adaptive feature scaling (AFS) scheme is proposed by introducing a feature...
computer science
31,925
BPRS: Belief Propagation Based Iterative Recommender System
cs.LG
In this paper we introduce the first application of the Belief Propagation (BP) algorithm in the design of recommender systems. We formulate the recommendation problem as an inference problem and aim to compute the marginal probability distributions of the variables which represent the ratings to be predicted. However,...
computer science
31,926
More Is Better: Large Scale Partially-supervised Sentiment Classification - Appendix
cs.LG
We describe a bootstrapping algorithm to learn from partially labeled data, and the results of an empirical study for using it to improve performance of sentiment classification using up to 15 million unlabeled Amazon product reviews. Our experiments cover semi-supervised learning, domain adaptation and weakly supervis...
computer science
31,927
A Deterministic Analysis of an Online Convex Mixture of Expert Algorithms
cs.LG
We analyze an online learning algorithm that adaptively combines outputs of two constituent algorithms (or the experts) running in parallel to model an unknown desired signal. This online learning algorithm is shown to achieve (and in some cases outperform) the mean-square error (MSE) performance of the best constituen...
computer science
31,928
A Novel Design Specification Distance(DSD) Based K-Mean Clustering Performace Evluation on Engineering Materials Database
cs.LG
Organizing data into semantically more meaningful is one of the fundamental modes of understanding and learning. Cluster analysis is a formal study of methods for understanding and algorithm for learning. K-mean clustering algorithm is one of the most fundamental and simple clustering algorithms. When there is no prior...
computer science
31,929
Risk-Aversion in Multi-armed Bandits
cs.LG
Stochastic multi-armed bandits solve the Exploration-Exploitation dilemma and ultimately maximize the expected reward. Nonetheless, in many practical problems, maximizing the expected reward is not the most desirable objective. In this paper, we introduce a novel setting based on the principle of risk-aversion where th...
computer science
31,930
Error Correction in Learning using SVMs
cs.LG
This paper is concerned with learning binary classifiers under adversarial label-noise. We introduce the problem of error-correction in learning where the goal is to recover the original clean data from a label-manipulated version of it, given (i) no constraints on the adversary other than an upper-bound on the number ...
computer science
31,931
Learning to Optimize Via Posterior Sampling
cs.LG
This paper considers the use of a simple posterior sampling algorithm to balance between exploration and exploitation when learning to optimize actions such as in multi-armed bandit problems. The algorithm, also known as Thompson Sampling, offers significant advantages over the popular upper confidence bound (UCB) appr...
computer science
31,932
Efficient Learning of Domain-invariant Image Representations
cs.LG
We present an algorithm that learns representations which explicitly compensate for domain mismatch and which can be efficiently realized as linear classifiers. Specifically, we form a linear transformation that maps features from the target (test) domain to the source (training) domain as part of training the classifi...
computer science
31,933
Feature grouping from spatially constrained multiplicative interaction
cs.LG
We present a feature learning model that learns to encode relationships between images. The model is defined as a Gated Boltzmann Machine, which is constrained such that hidden units that are nearby in space can gate each other's connections. We show how frequency/orientation "columns" as well as topographic filter map...
computer science
31,934
A Semantic Matching Energy Function for Learning with Multi-relational Data
cs.LG
Large-scale relational learning becomes crucial for handling the huge amounts of structured data generated daily in many application domains ranging from computational biology or information retrieval, to natural language processing. In this paper, we present a new neural network architecture designed to embed multi-re...
computer science
31,935
How good is the Electricity benchmark for evaluating concept drift adaptation
cs.LG
In this correspondence, we will point out a problem with testing adaptive classifiers on autocorrelated data. In such a case random change alarms may boost the accuracy figures. Hence, we cannot be sure if the adaptation is working well.
computer science
31,936
Learning Features with Structure-Adapting Multi-view Exponential Family Harmoniums
cs.LG
We proposea graphical model for multi-view feature extraction that automatically adapts its structure to achieve better representation of data distribution. The proposed model, structure-adapting multi-view harmonium (SA-MVH) has switch parameters that control the connection between hidden nodes and input views, and le...
computer science
31,937
Saturating Auto-Encoders
cs.LG
We introduce a simple new regularizer for auto-encoders whose hidden-unit activation functions contain at least one zero-gradient (saturated) region. This regularizer explicitly encourages activations in the saturated region(s) of the corresponding activation function. We call these Saturating Auto-Encoders (SATAE). We...
computer science
31,938
Behavior Pattern Recognition using A New Representation Model
cs.LG
We study the use of inverse reinforcement learning (IRL) as a tool for the recognition of agents' behavior on the basis of observation of their sequential decision behavior interacting with the environment. We model the problem faced by the agents as a Markov decision process (MDP) and model the observed behavior of th...
computer science
31,939
Switched linear encoding with rectified linear autoencoders
cs.LG
Several recent results in machine learning have established formal connections between autoencoders---artificial neural network models that attempt to reproduce their inputs---and other coding models like sparse coding and K-means. This paper explores in depth an autoencoder model that is constructed using rectified li...
computer science
31,940
Learning Output Kernels for Multi-Task Problems
cs.LG
Simultaneously solving multiple related learning tasks is beneficial under a variety of circumstances, but the prior knowledge necessary to correctly model task relationships is rarely available in practice. In this paper, we develop a novel kernel-based multi-task learning technique that automatically reveals structur...
computer science
31,941
See the Tree Through the Lines: The Shazoo Algorithm -- Full Version --
cs.LG
Predicting the nodes of a given graph is a fascinating theoretical problem with applications in several domains. Since graph sparsification via spanning trees retains enough information while making the task much easier, trees are an important special case of this problem. Although it is known how to predict the nodes ...
computer science
31,942
Weighted Last-Step Min-Max Algorithm with Improved Sub-Logarithmic Regret
cs.LG
In online learning the performance of an algorithm is typically compared to the performance of a fixed function from some class, with a quantity called regret. Forster proposed a last-step min-max algorithm which was somewhat simpler than the algorithm of Vovk, yet with the same regret. In fact the algorithm he analyze...
computer science
31,943
Hierarchical Data Representation Model - Multi-layer NMF
cs.LG
In this paper, we propose a data representation model that demonstrates hierarchical feature learning using nsNMF. We extend unit algorithm into several layers. Experiments with document and image data successfully discovered feature hierarchies. We also prove that proposed method results in much better classification ...
computer science
31,944
Clustering-Based Matrix Factorization
cs.LG
Recommender systems are emerging technologies that nowadays can be found in many applications such as Amazon, Netflix, and so on. These systems help users to find relevant information, recommendations, and their preferred items. Slightly improvement of the accuracy of these recommenders can highly affect the quality of...
computer science
31,945
O(logT) Projections for Stochastic Optimization of Smooth and Strongly Convex Functions
cs.LG
Traditional algorithms for stochastic optimization require projecting the solution at each iteration into a given domain to ensure its feasibility. When facing complex domains, such as positive semi-definite cones, the projection operation can be expensive, leading to a high computational cost per iteration. In this pa...
computer science
31,946
Efficient Distance Metric Learning by Adaptive Sampling and Mini-Batch Stochastic Gradient Descent (SGD)
cs.LG
Distance metric learning (DML) is an important task that has found applications in many domains. The high computational cost of DML arises from the large number of variables to be determined and the constraint that a distance metric has to be a positive semi-definite (PSD) matrix. Although stochastic gradient descent (...
computer science
31,947
Fast SVM training using approximate extreme points
cs.LG
Applications of non-linear kernel Support Vector Machines (SVMs) to large datasets is seriously hampered by its excessive training time. We propose a modification, called the approximate extreme points support vector machine (AESVM), that is aimed at overcoming this burden. Our approach relies on conducting the SVM opt...
computer science
31,948
A Generalized Online Mirror Descent with Applications to Classification and Regression
cs.LG
Online learning algorithms are fast, memory-efficient, easy to implement, and applicable to many prediction problems, including classification, regression, and ranking. Several online algorithms were proposed in the past few decades, some based on additive updates, like the Perceptron, and some on multiplicative update...
computer science
31,949
A New Homogeneity Inter-Clusters Measure in SemiSupervised Clustering
cs.LG
Many studies in data mining have proposed a new learning called semi-Supervised. Such type of learning combines unlabeled and labeled data which are hard to obtain. However, in unsupervised methods, the only unlabeled data are used. The problem of significance and the effectiveness of semi-supervised clustering results...
computer science
31,950
A Survey on Multi-view Learning
cs.LG
In recent years, a great many methods of learning from multi-view data by considering the diversity of different views have been proposed. These views may be obtained from multiple sources or different feature subsets. In trying to organize and highlight similarities and differences between the variety of multi-view le...
computer science
31,951
Continuum armed bandit problem of few variables in high dimensions
cs.LG
We consider the stochastic and adversarial settings of continuum armed bandits where the arms are indexed by [0,1]^d. The reward functions r:[0,1]^d -> R are assumed to intrinsically depend on at most k coordinate variables implying r(x_1,..,x_d) = g(x_{i_1},..,x_{i_k}) for distinct and unknown i_1,..,i_k from {1,..,d}...
computer science
31,952
Irreflexive and Hierarchical Relations as Translations
cs.LG
We consider the problem of embedding entities and relations of knowledge bases in low-dimensional vector spaces. Unlike most existing approaches, which are primarily efficient for modeling equivalence relations, our approach is designed to explicitly model irreflexive relations, such as hierarchies, by interpreting the...
computer science
31,953
Fractal structures in Adversarial Prediction
cs.LG
Fractals are self-similar recursive structures that have been used in modeling several real world processes. In this work we study how "fractal-like" processes arise in a prediction game where an adversary is generating a sequence of bits and an algorithm is trying to predict them. We will see that under a certain form...
computer science
31,954
Understanding ACT-R - an Outsider's Perspective
cs.LG
The ACT-R theory of cognition developed by John Anderson and colleagues endeavors to explain how humans recall chunks of information and how they solve problems. ACT-R also serves as a theoretical basis for "cognitive tutors", i.e., automatic tutoring systems that help students learn mathematics, computer programming, ...
computer science
31,955
Guided Random Forest in the RRF Package
cs.LG
Random Forest (RF) is a powerful supervised learner and has been popularly used in many applications such as bioinformatics. In this work we propose the guided random forest (GRF) for feature selection. Similar to a feature selection method called guided regularized random forest (GRRF), GRF is built using the import...
computer science
31,956
Deep Generative Stochastic Networks Trainable by Backprop
cs.LG
We introduce a novel training principle for probabilistic models that is an alternative to maximum likelihood. The proposed Generative Stochastic Networks (GSN) framework is based on learning the transition operator of a Markov chain whose stationary distribution estimates the data distribution. The transition distribu...
computer science
31,957
Performance analysis of unsupervised feature selection methods
cs.LG
Feature selection (FS) is a process which attempts to select more informative features. In some cases, too many redundant or irrelevant features may overpower main features for classification. Feature selection can remedy this problem and therefore improve the prediction accuracy and reduce the computational overhead o...
computer science
31,958
Auditing: Active Learning with Outcome-Dependent Query Costs
cs.LG
We propose a learning setting in which unlabeled data is free, and the cost of a label depends on its value, which is not known in advance. We study binary classification in an extreme case, where the algorithm only pays for negative labels. Our motivation are applications such as fraud detection, in which investigatin...
computer science
31,959
Guaranteed Classification via Regularized Similarity Learning
cs.LG
Learning an appropriate (dis)similarity function from the available data is a central problem in machine learning, since the success of many machine learning algorithms critically depends on the choice of a similarity function to compare examples. Despite many approaches for similarity metric learning have been propose...
computer science
31,960
On-line PCA with Optimal Regrets
cs.LG
We carefully investigate the on-line version of PCA, where in each trial a learning algorithm plays a k-dimensional subspace, and suffers the compression loss on the next instance when projected into the chosen subspace. In this setting, we analyze two popular on-line algorithms, Gradient Descent (GD) and Exponentiated...
computer science
31,961
Multiarmed Bandits With Limited Expert Advice
cs.LG
We solve the COLT 2013 open problem of \citet{SCB} on minimizing regret in the setting of advice-efficient multiarmed bandits with expert advice. We give an algorithm for the setting of K arms and N experts out of which we are allowed to query and use only M experts' advices in each round, which has a regret bound of \...
computer science
31,962
Machine Teaching for Bayesian Learners in the Exponential Family
cs.LG
What if there is a teacher who knows the learning goal and wants to design good training data for a machine learner? We propose an optimal teaching framework aimed at learners who employ Bayesian models. Our framework is expressed as an optimization problem over teaching examples that balance the future loss of the lea...
computer science
31,963
Song-based Classification techniques for Endangered Bird Conservation
cs.LG
The work presented in this paper is part of a global framework which long term goal is to design a wireless sensor network able to support the observation of a population of endangered birds. We present the first stage for which we have conducted a knowledge discovery approach on a sample of acoustical data. We use MFC...
computer science
31,964
Model Reframing by Feature Context Change
cs.LG
The feature space (including both input and output variables) characterises a data mining problem. In predictive (supervised) problems, the quality and availability of features determines the predictability of the dependent variable, and the performance of data mining models in terms of misclassification or regression ...
computer science
31,965
Prediction with expert advice for the Brier game
cs.LG
We show that the Brier game of prediction is mixable and find the optimal learning rate and substitution function for it. The resulting prediction algorithm is applied to predict results of football and tennis matches. The theoretical performance guarantee turns out to be rather tight on these data sets, especially in ...
computer science
31,966
Consistency of trace norm minimization
cs.LG
Regularization by the sum of singular values, also referred to as the trace norm, is a popular technique for estimating low rank rectangular matrices. In this paper, we extend some of the consistency results of the Lasso to provide necessary and sufficient conditions for rank consistency of trace norm minimization with...
computer science
31,967
Learning Isometric Separation Maps
cs.LG
Maximum Variance Unfolding (MVU) and its variants have been very successful in embedding data-manifolds in lower dimensional spaces, often revealing the true intrinsic dimension. In this paper we show how to also incorporate supervised class information into an MVU-like method without breaking its convexity. We call th...
computer science
31,968
Randomized Algorithms for Large scale SVMs
cs.LG
We propose a randomized algorithm for training Support vector machines(SVMs) on large datasets. By using ideas from Random projections we show that the combinatorial dimension of SVMs is $O({log} n)$ with high probability. This estimate of combinatorial dimension is used to derive an iterative algorithm, called RandSVM...
computer science
31,969
Scalable Inference for Latent Dirichlet Allocation
cs.LG
We investigate the problem of learning a topic model - the well-known Latent Dirichlet Allocation - in a distributed manner, using a cluster of C processors and dividing the corpus to be learned equally among them. We propose a simple approximated method that can be tuned, trading speed for accuracy according to the ta...
computer science
31,970
GraphLab: A Distributed Framework for Machine Learning in the Cloud
cs.LG
Machine Learning (ML) techniques are indispensable in a wide range of fields. Unfortunately, the exponential increase of dataset sizes are rapidly extending the runtime of sequential algorithms and threatening to slow future progress in ML. With the promise of affordable large-scale parallel computing, Cloud systems of...
computer science
31,971
Towards Optimal One Pass Large Scale Learning with Averaged Stochastic Gradient Descent
cs.LG
For large scale learning problems, it is desirable if we can obtain the optimal model parameters by going through the data in only one pass. Polyak and Juditsky (1992) showed that asymptotically the test performance of the simple average of the parameters obtained by stochastic gradient descent (SGD) is as good as that...
computer science
31,972
Discovering Knowledge using a Constraint-based Language
cs.LG
Discovering pattern sets or global patterns is an attractive issue from the pattern mining community in order to provide useful information. By combining local patterns satisfying a joint meaning, this approach produces patterns of higher level and thus more useful for the data analyst than the usual local patterns, wh...
computer science
31,973
On the Universality of Online Mirror Descent
cs.LG
We show that for a general class of convex online learning problems, Mirror Descent can always achieve a (nearly) optimal regret guarantee.
computer science
31,974
The Divergence of Reinforcement Learning Algorithms with Value-Iteration and Function Approximation
cs.LG
This paper gives specific divergence examples of value-iteration for several major Reinforcement Learning and Adaptive Dynamic Programming algorithms, when using a function approximator for the value function. These divergence examples differ from previous divergence examples in the literature, in that they are applica...
computer science
31,975
Axioms for Rational Reinforcement Learning
cs.LG
We provide a formal, simple and intuitive theory of rational decision making including sequential decisions that affect the environment. The theory has a geometric flavor, which makes the arguments easy to visualize and understand. Our theory is for complete decision makers, which means that they have a complete set of...
computer science
31,976
Automatic Network Reconstruction using ASP
cs.LG
Building biological models by inferring functional dependencies from experimental data is an im- portant issue in Molecular Biology. To relieve the biologist from this traditionally manual process, various approaches have been proposed to increase the degree of automation. However, available ap- proaches often yield a ...
computer science
31,977
Multiclass learnability and the ERM principle
cs.LG
We study the sample complexity of multiclass prediction in several learning settings. For the PAC setting our analysis reveals a surprising phenomenon: In sharp contrast to binary classification, we show that there exist multiclass hypothesis classes for which some Empirical Risk Minimizers (ERM learners) have lower sa...
computer science
31,978
Estimating or Propagating Gradients Through Stochastic Neurons for Conditional Computation
cs.LG
Stochastic neurons and hard non-linearities can be useful for a number of reasons in deep learning models, but in many cases they pose a challenging problem: how to estimate the gradient of a loss function with respect to the input of such stochastic or non-smooth neurons? I.e., can we "back-propagate" through these st...
computer science
31,979
Stochastic Optimization for Machine Learning
cs.LG
It has been found that stochastic algorithms often find good solutions much more rapidly than inherently-batch approaches. Indeed, a very useful rule of thumb is that often, when solving a machine learning problem, an iterative technique which relies on performing a very large number of relatively-inexpensive updates w...
computer science
31,980
Knapsack Constrained Contextual Submodular List Prediction with Application to Multi-document Summarization
cs.LG
We study the problem of predicting a set or list of options under knapsack constraint. The quality of such lists are evaluated by a submodular reward function that measures both quality and diversity. Similar to DAgger (Ross et al., 2010), by a reduction to online learning, we show how to adapt two sequence prediction ...
computer science
31,981
Comment on "robustness and regularization of support vector machines" by H. Xu, et al., (Journal of Machine Learning Research, vol. 10, pp. 1485-1510, 2009, arXiv:0803.3490)
cs.LG
This paper comments on the published work dealing with robustness and regularization of support vector machines (Journal of Machine Learning Research, vol. 10, pp. 1485-1510, 2009) [arXiv:0803.3490] by H. Xu, etc. They proposed a theorem to show that it is possible to relate robustness in the feature space and robustne...
computer science
31,982
The Sample-Complexity of General Reinforcement Learning
cs.LG
We present a new algorithm for general reinforcement learning where the true environment is known to belong to a finite class of N arbitrary models. The algorithm is shown to be near-optimal for all but O(N log^2 N) time-steps with high probability. Infinite classes are also considered where we show that compactness is...
computer science
31,983
Ensemble of Distributed Learners for Online Classification of Dynamic Data Streams
cs.LG
We present an efficient distributed online learning scheme to classify data captured from distributed, heterogeneous, and dynamic data sources. Our scheme consists of multiple distributed local learners, that analyze different streams of data that are correlated to a common event that needs to be classified. Each learn...
computer science
31,984
Prediction of breast cancer recurrence using Classification Restricted Boltzmann Machine with Dropping
cs.LG
In this paper, we apply Classification Restricted Boltzmann Machine (ClassRBM) to the problem of predicting breast cancer recurrence. According to the Polish National Cancer Registry, in 2010 only, the breast cancer caused almost 25% of all diagnosed cases of cancer in Poland. We propose how to use ClassRBM for predict...
computer science
31,985
A Novel Clustering Algorithm Based on Quantum Random Walk
cs.LG
The enormous successes have been made by quantum algorithms during the last decade. In this paper, we combine the quantum random walk (QRW) with the problem of data clustering, and develop two clustering algorithms based on the one dimensional QRW. Then, the probability distributions on the positions induced by QRW in ...
computer science
31,986
Convex Sparse Matrix Factorizations
cs.LG
We present a convex formulation of dictionary learning for sparse signal decomposition. Convexity is obtained by replacing the usual explicit upper bound on the dictionary size by a convex rank-reducing term similar to the trace norm. In particular, our formulation introduces an explicit trade-off between size and spar...
computer science
31,987
Binary Classification Based on Potentials
cs.LG
We introduce a simple and computationally trivial method for binary classification based on the evaluation of potential functions. We demonstrate that despite the conceptual and computational simplicity of the method its performance can match or exceed that of standard Support Vector Machine methods.
computer science
31,988
Linearly Parameterized Bandits
cs.LG
We consider bandit problems involving a large (possibly infinite) collection of arms, in which the expected reward of each arm is a linear function of an $r$-dimensional random vector $\mathbf{Z} \in \mathbb{R}^r$, where $r \geq 2$. The objective is to minimize the cumulative regret and Bayes risk. When the set of arms...
computer science
31,989
Importance Weighted Active Learning
cs.LG
We present a practical and statistically consistent scheme for actively learning binary classifiers under general loss functions. Our algorithm uses importance weighting to correct sampling bias, and by controlling the variance, we are able to give rigorous label complexity bounds for the learning process. Experiments ...
computer science
31,990
Efficient Human Computation
cs.LG
Collecting large labeled data sets is a laborious and expensive task, whose scaling up requires division of the labeling workload between many teachers. When the number of classes is large, miscorrespondences between the labels given by the different teachers are likely to occur, which, in the extreme case, may reach t...
computer science
31,991
Differential Contrastive Divergence
cs.LG
This paper has been retracted.
computer science
31,992
On $p$-adic Classification
cs.LG
A $p$-adic modification of the split-LBG classification method is presented in which first clusterings and then cluster centers are computed which locally minimise an energy function. The outcome for a fixed dataset is independent of the prime number $p$ with finitely many exceptions. The methods are applied to the con...
computer science
31,993
Equations of States in Statistical Learning for a Nonparametrizable and Regular Case
cs.LG
Many learning machines that have hierarchical structure or hidden variables are now being used in information science, artificial intelligence, and bioinformatics. However, several learning machines used in such fields are not regular but singular statistical models, hence their generalization performance is still left...
computer science
31,994
An optimal linear separator for the Sonar Signals Classification task
cs.LG
The problem of classifying sonar signals from rocks and mines first studied by Gorman and Sejnowski has become a benchmark against which many learning algorithms have been tested. We show that both the training set and the test set of this benchmark are linearly separable, although with different hyperplanes. Moreover,...
computer science
31,995
Bayesian History Reconstruction of Complex Human Gene Clusters on a Phylogeny
cs.LG
Clusters of genes that have evolved by repeated segmental duplication present difficult challenges throughout genomic analysis, from sequence assembly to functional analysis. Improved understanding of these clusters is of utmost importance, since they have been shown to be the source of evolutionary innovation, and hav...
computer science
31,996
Bayesian two-sample tests
cs.LG
In this paper, we present two classes of Bayesian approaches to the two-sample problem. Our first class of methods extends the Bayesian t-test to include all parametric models in the exponential family and their conjugate priors. Our second class of methods uses Dirichlet process mixtures (DPM) of such conjugate-expone...
computer science
31,997
Acquiring Knowledge for Evaluation of Teachers Performance in Higher Education using a Questionnaire
cs.LG
In this paper, we present the step by step knowledge acquisition process by choosing a structured method through using a questionnaire as a knowledge acquisition tool. Here we want to depict the problem domain as, how to evaluate teachers performance in higher education through the use of expert system technology. The ...
computer science
31,998
Unsupervised Search-based Structured Prediction
cs.LG
We describe an adaptation and application of a search-based structured prediction algorithm "Searn" to unsupervised learning problems. We show that it is possible to reduce unsupervised learning to supervised learning and demonstrate a high-quality unsupervised shift-reduce parsing model. We additionally show a close c...
computer science
31,999
Random DFAs are Efficiently PAC Learnable
cs.LG
This paper has been withdrawn due to an error found by Dana Angluin and Lev Reyzin.
computer science
32,000
Bayesian Multitask Learning with Latent Hierarchies
cs.LG
We learn multiple hypotheses for related tasks under a latent hierarchical relationship between tasks. We exploit the intuition that for domain adaptation, we wish to share classifier structure, but for multitask learning, we wish to share covariance structure. Our hierarchical model is seen to subsume several previous...
computer science
32,001
A Bayesian Model for Supervised Clustering with the Dirichlet Process Prior
cs.LG
We develop a Bayesian framework for tackling the supervised clustering problem, the generic problem encountered in tasks such as reference matching, coreference resolution, identity uncertainty and record linkage. Our clustering model is based on the Dirichlet process prior, which enables us to define distributions ove...
computer science