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32,002
Fast search for Dirichlet process mixture models
cs.LG
Dirichlet process (DP) mixture models provide a flexible Bayesian framework for density estimation. Unfortunately, their flexibility comes at a cost: inference in DP mixture models is computationally expensive, even when conjugate distributions are used. In the common case when one seeks only a maximum a posteriori ass...
computer science
32,003
Post-Processing of Discovered Association Rules Using Ontologies
cs.LG
In Data Mining, the usefulness of association rules is strongly limited by the huge amount of delivered rules. In this paper we propose a new approach to prune and filter discovered rules. Using Domain Ontologies, we strengthen the integration of user knowledge in the post-processing task. Furthermore, an interactive a...
computer science
32,004
Variable sigma Gaussian processes: An expectation propagation perspective
cs.LG
Gaussian processes (GPs) provide a probabilistic nonparametric representation of functions in regression, classification, and other problems. Unfortunately, exact learning with GPs is intractable for large datasets. A variety of approximate GP methods have been proposed that essentially map the large dataset into a sma...
computer science
32,005
Effectiveness and Limitations of Statistical Spam Filters
cs.LG
In this paper we discuss the techniques involved in the design of the famous statistical spam filters that include Naive Bayes, Term Frequency-Inverse Document Frequency, K-Nearest Neighbor, Support Vector Machine, and Bayes Additive Regression Tree. We compare these techniques with each other in terms of accuracy, rec...
computer science
32,006
Competing with Gaussian linear experts
cs.LG
We study the problem of online regression. We prove a theoretical bound on the square loss of Ridge Regression. We do not make any assumptions about input vectors or outcomes. We also show that Bayesian Ridge Regression can be thought of as an online algorithm competing with all the Gaussian linear experts.
computer science
32,007
Anomaly Detection with Score functions based on Nearest Neighbor Graphs
cs.LG
We propose a novel non-parametric adaptive anomaly detection algorithm for high dimensional data based on score functions derived from nearest neighbor graphs on $n$-point nominal data. Anomalies are declared whenever the score of a test sample falls below $\alpha$, which is supposed to be the desired false alarm level...
computer science
32,008
Optimal Query Complexity for Reconstructing Hypergraphs
cs.LG
In this paper we consider the problem of reconstructing a hidden weighted hypergraph of constant rank using additive queries. We prove the following: Let $G$ be a weighted hidden hypergraph of constant rank with n vertices and $m$ hyperedges. For any $m$ there exists a non-adaptive algorithm that finds the edges of the...
computer science
32,009
Linear Probability Forecasting
cs.LG
Multi-class classification is one of the most important tasks in machine learning. In this paper we consider two online multi-class classification problems: classification by a linear model and by a kernelized model. The quality of predictions is measured by the Brier loss function. We suggest two computationally effic...
computer science
32,010
Measuring Latent Causal Structure
cs.LG
Discovering latent representations of the observed world has become increasingly more relevant in data analysis. Much of the effort concentrates on building latent variables which can be used in prediction problems, such as classification and regression. A related goal of learning latent structure from data is that of ...
computer science
32,011
Asymptotic Learning Curve and Renormalizable Condition in Statistical Learning Theory
cs.LG
Bayes statistics and statistical physics have the common mathematical structure, where the log likelihood function corresponds to the random Hamiltonian. Recently, it was discovered that the asymptotic learning curves in Bayes estimation are subject to a universal law, even if the log likelihood function can not be app...
computer science
32,012
Role of Interestingness Measures in CAR Rule Ordering for Associative Classifier: An Empirical Approach
cs.LG
Associative Classifier is a novel technique which is the integration of Association Rule Mining and Classification. The difficult task in building Associative Classifier model is the selection of relevant rules from a large number of class association rules (CARs). A very popular method of ordering rules for selection ...
computer science
32,013
Trajectory Clustering and an Application to Airspace Monitoring
cs.LG
This paper presents a framework aimed at monitoring the behavior of aircraft in a given airspace. Nominal trajectories are determined and learned using data driven methods. Standard procedures are used by air traffic controllers (ATC) to guide aircraft, ensure the safety of the airspace, and to maximize the runway occu...
computer science
32,014
Queue-Aware Distributive Resource Control for Delay-Sensitive Two-Hop MIMO Cooperative Systems
cs.LG
In this paper, we consider a queue-aware distributive resource control algorithm for two-hop MIMO cooperative systems. We shall illustrate that relay buffering is an effective way to reduce the intrinsic half-duplex penalty in cooperative systems. The complex interactions of the queues at the source node and the relays...
computer science
32,015
Time Series Classification by Class-Specific Mahalanobis Distance Measures
cs.LG
To classify time series by nearest neighbors, we need to specify or learn one or several distance measures. We consider variations of the Mahalanobis distance measures which rely on the inverse covariance matrix of the data. Unfortunately --- for time series data --- the covariance matrix has often low rank. To allevia...
computer science
32,016
Algorithms for nonnegative matrix factorization with the beta-divergence
cs.LG
This paper describes algorithms for nonnegative matrix factorization (NMF) with the beta-divergence (beta-NMF). The beta-divergence is a family of cost functions parametrized by a single shape parameter beta that takes the Euclidean distance, the Kullback-Leibler divergence and the Itakura-Saito divergence as special c...
computer science
32,017
Hardness Results for Agnostically Learning Low-Degree Polynomial Threshold Functions
cs.LG
Hardness results for maximum agreement problems have close connections to hardness results for proper learning in computational learning theory. In this paper we prove two hardness results for the problem of finding a low degree polynomial threshold function (PTF) which has the maximum possible agreement with a given s...
computer science
32,018
Efficient Matrix Completion with Gaussian Models
cs.LG
A general framework based on Gaussian models and a MAP-EM algorithm is introduced in this paper for solving matrix/table completion problems. The numerical experiments with the standard and challenging movie ratings data show that the proposed approach, based on probably one of the simplest probabilistic models, leads ...
computer science
32,019
Large-Scale Clustering Based on Data Compression
cs.LG
This paper considers the clustering problem for large data sets. We propose an approach based on distributed optimization. The clustering problem is formulated as an optimization problem of maximizing the classification gain. We show that the optimization problem can be reformulated and decomposed into small-scale sub ...
computer science
32,020
Sublinear Optimization for Machine Learning
cs.LG
We give sublinear-time approximation algorithms for some optimization problems arising in machine learning, such as training linear classifiers and finding minimum enclosing balls. Our algorithms can be extended to some kernelized versions of these problems, such as SVDD, hard margin SVM, and L2-SVM, for which sublinea...
computer science
32,021
The Role of Normalization in the Belief Propagation Algorithm
cs.LG
An important part of problems in statistical physics and computer science can be expressed as the computation of marginal probabilities over a Markov Random Field. The belief propagation algorithm, which is an exact procedure to compute these marginals when the underlying graph is a tree, has gained its popularity as a...
computer science
32,022
Close the Gaps: A Learning-while-Doing Algorithm for a Class of Single-Product Revenue Management Problems
cs.LG
We consider a retailer selling a single product with limited on-hand inventory over a finite selling season. Customer demand arrives according to a Poisson process, the rate of which is influenced by a single action taken by the retailer (such as price adjustment, sales commission, advertisement intensity, etc.). The r...
computer science
32,023
A Novel Template-Based Learning Model
cs.LG
This article presents a model which is capable of learning and abstracting new concepts based on comparing observations and finding the resemblance between the observations. In the model, the new observations are compared with the templates which have been derived from the previous experiences. In the first stage, the ...
computer science
32,024
Gaussian Robust Classification
cs.LG
Supervised learning is all about the ability to generalize knowledge. Specifically, the goal of the learning is to train a classifier using training data, in such a way that it will be capable of classifying new unseen data correctly. In order to acheive this goal, it is important to carefully design the learner, so it...
computer science
32,025
Meaningful Clustered Forest: an Automatic and Robust Clustering Algorithm
cs.LG
We propose a new clustering technique that can be regarded as a numerical method to compute the proximity gestalt. The method analyzes edge length statistics in the MST of the dataset and provides an a contrario cluster detection criterion. The approach is fully parametric on the chosen distance and can detect arbitrar...
computer science
32,026
PAC learnability versus VC dimension: a footnote to a basic result of statistical learning
cs.LG
A fundamental result of statistical learnig theory states that a concept class is PAC learnable if and only if it is a uniform Glivenko-Cantelli class if and only if the VC dimension of the class is finite. However, the theorem is only valid under special assumptions of measurability of the class, in which case the PAC...
computer science
32,027
Temporal Second Difference Traces
cs.LG
Q-learning is a reliable but inefficient off-policy temporal-difference method, backing up reward only one step at a time. Replacing traces, using a recency heuristic, are more efficient but less reliable. In this work, we introduce model-free, off-policy temporal difference methods that make better use of experience t...
computer science
32,028
Reducing Commitment to Tasks with Off-Policy Hierarchical Reinforcement Learning
cs.LG
In experimenting with off-policy temporal difference (TD) methods in hierarchical reinforcement learning (HRL) systems, we have observed unwanted on-policy learning under reproducible conditions. Here we present modifications to several TD methods that prevent unintentional on-policy learning from occurring. These modi...
computer science
32,029
Attacking and Defending Covert Channels and Behavioral Models
cs.LG
In this paper we present methods for attacking and defending $k$-gram statistical analysis techniques that are used, for example, in network traffic analysis and covert channel detection. The main new result is our demonstration of how to use a behavior's or process' $k$-order statistics to build a stochastic process t...
computer science
32,030
Memory Constraint Online Multitask Classification
cs.LG
We investigate online kernel algorithms which simultaneously process multiple classification tasks while a fixed constraint is imposed on the size of their active sets. We focus in particular on the design of algorithms that can efficiently deal with problems where the number of tasks is extremely high and the task dat...
computer science
32,031
TV-SVM: Total Variation Support Vector Machine for Semi-Supervised Data Classification
cs.LG
We introduce semi-supervised data classification algorithms based on total variation (TV), Reproducing Kernel Hilbert Space (RKHS), support vector machine (SVM), Cheeger cut, labeled and unlabeled data points. We design binary and multi-class semi-supervised classification algorithms. We compare the TV-based classifica...
computer science
32,032
Fast Online EM for Big Topic Modeling
cs.LG
The expectation-maximization (EM) algorithm can compute the maximum-likelihood (ML) or maximum a posterior (MAP) point estimate of the mixture models or latent variable models such as latent Dirichlet allocation (LDA), which has been one of the most popular probabilistic topic modeling methods in the past decade. Howev...
computer science
32,033
Blending Learning and Inference in Structured Prediction
cs.LG
In this paper we derive an efficient algorithm to learn the parameters of structured predictors in general graphical models. This algorithm blends the learning and inference tasks, which results in a significant speedup over traditional approaches, such as conditional random fields and structured support vector machine...
computer science
32,034
A Direct Approach to Multi-class Boosting and Extensions
cs.LG
Boosting methods combine a set of moderately accurate weaklearners to form a highly accurate predictor. Despite the practical importance of multi-class boosting, it has received far less attention than its binary counterpart. In this work, we propose a fully-corrective multi-class boosting formulation which directly so...
computer science
32,035
Bayesian Estimation for Continuous-Time Sparse Stochastic Processes
cs.LG
We consider continuous-time sparse stochastic processes from which we have only a finite number of noisy/noiseless samples. Our goal is to estimate the noiseless samples (denoising) and the signal in-between (interpolation problem). By relying on tools from the theory of splines, we derive the joint a priori distribu...
computer science
32,036
Online Learning in Decentralized Multiuser Resource Sharing Problems
cs.LG
In this paper, we consider the general scenario of resource sharing in a decentralized system when the resource rewards/qualities are time-varying and unknown to the users, and using the same resource by multiple users leads to reduced quality due to resource sharing. Firstly, we consider a user-independent reward mode...
computer science
32,037
A density-sensitive hierarchical clustering method
cs.LG
We define a hierarchical clustering method: $\alpha$-unchaining single linkage or $SL(\alpha)$. The input of this algorithm is a finite metric space and a certain parameter $\alpha$. This method is sensitive to the density of the distribution and offers some solution to the so called chaining effect. We also define a m...
computer science
32,038
Text Classification with Compression Algorithms
cs.LG
This work concerns a comparison of SVM kernel methods in text categorization tasks. In particular I define a kernel function that estimates the similarity between two objects computing by their compressed lengths. In fact, compression algorithms can detect arbitrarily long dependencies within the text strings. Data tex...
computer science
32,039
Holistic Measures for Evaluating Prediction Models in Smart Grids
cs.LG
The performance of prediction models is often based on "abstract metrics" that estimate the model's ability to limit residual errors between the observed and predicted values. However, meaningful evaluation and selection of prediction models for end-user domains requires holistic and application-sensitive performance m...
computer science
32,040
Learning the Information Divergence
cs.LG
Information divergence that measures the difference between two nonnegative matrices or tensors has found its use in a variety of machine learning problems. Examples are Nonnegative Matrix/Tensor Factorization, Stochastic Neighbor Embedding, topic models, and Bayesian network optimization. The success of such a learnin...
computer science
32,041
Learning to Discover Efficient Mathematical Identities
cs.LG
In this paper we explore how machine learning techniques can be applied to the discovery of efficient mathematical identities. We introduce an attribute grammar framework for representing symbolic expressions. Given a set of grammar rules we build trees that combine different rules, looking for branches which yield com...
computer science
32,042
Logarithmic Time Online Multiclass prediction
cs.LG
We study the problem of multiclass classification with an extremely large number of classes (k), with the goal of obtaining train and test time complexity logarithmic in the number of classes. We develop top-down tree construction approaches for constructing logarithmic depth trees. On the theoretical front, we formula...
computer science
32,043
A Credit Assignment Compiler for Joint Prediction
cs.LG
Many machine learning applications involve jointly predicting multiple mutually dependent output variables. Learning to search is a family of methods where the complex decision problem is cast into a sequence of decisions via a search space. Although these methods have shown promise both in theory and in practice, impl...
computer science
32,044
A Drifting-Games Analysis for Online Learning and Applications to Boosting
cs.LG
We provide a general mechanism to design online learning algorithms based on a minimax analysis within a drifting-games framework. Different online learning settings (Hedge, multi-armed bandit problems and online convex optimization) are studied by converting into various kinds of drifting games. The original minimax a...
computer science
32,045
Reweighted Wake-Sleep
cs.LG
Training deep directed graphical models with many hidden variables and performing inference remains a major challenge. Helmholtz machines and deep belief networks are such models, and the wake-sleep algorithm has been proposed to train them. The wake-sleep algorithm relies on training not just the directed generative m...
computer science
32,046
Kalman Temporal Differences
cs.LG
Because reinforcement learning suffers from a lack of scalability, online value (and Q-) function approximation has received increasing interest this last decade. This contribution introduces a novel approximation scheme, namely the Kalman Temporal Differences (KTD) framework, that exhibits the following features: samp...
computer science
32,047
Restricted Boltzmann Machine for Classification with Hierarchical Correlated Prior
cs.LG
Restricted Boltzmann machines (RBM) and its variants have become hot research topics recently, and widely applied to many classification problems, such as character recognition and document categorization. Often, classification RBM ignores the interclass relationship or prior knowledge of sharing information among clas...
computer science
32,048
Evaluation of Machine Learning Techniques for Green Energy Prediction
cs.LG
We evaluate the following Machine Learning techniques for Green Energy (Wind, Solar) Prediction: Bayesian Inference, Neural Networks, Support Vector Machines, Clustering techniques (PCA). Our objective is to predict green energy using weather forecasts, predict deviations from forecast green energy, find correlation am...
computer science
32,049
Optimal Resource Allocation with Semi-Bandit Feedback
cs.LG
We study a sequential resource allocation problem involving a fixed number of recurring jobs. At each time-step the manager should distribute available resources among the jobs in order to maximise the expected number of completed jobs. Allocating more resources to a given job increases the probability that it complete...
computer science
32,050
A Sober Look at Spectral Learning
cs.LG
Spectral learning recently generated lots of excitement in machine learning, largely because it is the first known method to produce consistent estimates (under suitable conditions) for several latent variable models. In contrast, maximum likelihood estimates may get trapped in local optima due to the non-convex nature...
computer science
32,051
An Experimental Evaluation of Nearest Neighbour Time Series Classification
cs.LG
Data mining research into time series classification (TSC) has focussed on alternative distance measures for nearest neighbour classifiers. It is standard practice to use 1-NN with Euclidean or dynamic time warping (DTW) distance as a straw man for comparison. As part of a wider investigation into elastic distance meas...
computer science
32,052
Learning computationally efficient dictionaries and their implementation as fast transforms
cs.LG
Dictionary learning is a branch of signal processing and machine learning that aims at finding a frame (called dictionary) in which some training data admits a sparse representation. The sparser the representation, the better the dictionary. The resulting dictionary is in general a dense matrix, and its manipulation ca...
computer science
32,053
From conformal to probabilistic prediction
cs.LG
This paper proposes a new method of probabilistic prediction, which is based on conformal prediction. The method is applied to the standard USPS data set and gives encouraging results.
computer science
32,054
SPSD Matrix Approximation vis Column Selection: Theories, Algorithms, and Extensions
cs.LG
Symmetric positive semidefinite (SPSD) matrix approximation is an important problem with applications in kernel methods. However, existing SPSD matrix approximation methods such as the Nystr\"om method only have weak error bounds. In this paper we conduct in-depth studies of an SPSD matrix approximation model and estab...
computer science
32,055
Stationary Mixing Bandits
cs.LG
We study the bandit problem where arms are associated with stationary phi-mixing processes and where rewards are therefore dependent: the question that arises from this setting is that of recovering some independence by ignoring the value of some rewards. As we shall see, the bandit problem we tackle requires us to add...
computer science
32,056
Mining Recurrent Concepts in Data Streams using the Discrete Fourier Transform
cs.LG
In this research we address the problem of capturing recurring concepts in a data stream environment. Recurrence capture enables the re-use of previously learned classifiers without the need for re-learning while providing for better accuracy during the concept recurrence interval. We capture concepts by applying the D...
computer science
32,057
Generalized Mixability via Entropic Duality
cs.LG
Mixability is a property of a loss which characterizes when fast convergence is possible in the game of prediction with expert advice. We show that a key property of mixability generalizes, and the exp and log operations present in the usual theory are not as special as one might have thought. In doing this we introduc...
computer science
32,058
Composite Likelihood Estimation for Restricted Boltzmann machines
cs.LG
Learning the parameters of graphical models using the maximum likelihood estimation is generally hard which requires an approximation. Maximum composite likelihood estimations are statistical approximations of the maximum likelihood estimation which are higher-order generalizations of the maximum pseudo-likelihood esti...
computer science
32,059
Incremental Clustering: The Case for Extra Clusters
cs.LG
The explosion in the amount of data available for analysis often necessitates a transition from batch to incremental clustering methods, which process one element at a time and typically store only a small subset of the data. In this paper, we initiate the formal analysis of incremental clustering methods focusing on t...
computer science
32,060
Comparison of SVM Optimization Techniques in the Primal
cs.LG
This paper examines the efficacy of different optimization techniques in a primal formulation of a support vector machine (SVM). Three main techniques are compared. The dataset used to compare all three techniques was the Sentiment Analysis on Movie Reviews dataset, from kaggle.com.
computer science
32,061
Contrastive Feature Induction for Efficient Structure Learning of Conditional Random Fields
cs.LG
Structure learning of Conditional Random Fields (CRFs) can be cast into an L1-regularized optimization problem. To avoid optimizing over a fully linked model, gain-based or gradient-based feature selection methods start from an empty model and incrementally add top ranked features to it. However, for high-dimensional p...
computer science
32,062
Unimodal Bandits without Smoothness
cs.LG
We consider stochastic bandit problems with a continuous set of arms and where the expected reward is a continuous and unimodal function of the arm. No further assumption is made regarding the smoothness and the structure of the expected reward function. For these problems, we propose the Stochastic Pentachotomy (SP) a...
computer science
32,063
Local Component Analysis
cs.LG
Kernel density estimation, a.k.a. Parzen windows, is a popular density estimation method, which can be used for outlier detection or clustering. With multivariate data, its performance is heavily reliant on the metric used within the kernel. Most earlier work has focused on learning only the bandwidth of the kernel (i....
computer science
32,064
Weighted Clustering
cs.LG
One of the most prominent challenges in clustering is "the user's dilemma," which is the problem of selecting an appropriate clustering algorithm for a specific task. A formal approach for addressing this problem relies on the identification of succinct, user-friendly properties that formally capture when certain clust...
computer science
32,065
Learning From Labeled And Unlabeled Data: An Empirical Study Across Techniques And Domains
cs.LG
There has been increased interest in devising learning techniques that combine unlabeled data with labeled data ? i.e. semi-supervised learning. However, to the best of our knowledge, no study has been performed across various techniques and different types and amounts of labeled and unlabeled data. Moreover, most of t...
computer science
32,066
Efficiency versus Convergence of Boolean Kernels for On-Line Learning Algorithms
cs.LG
The paper studies machine learning problems where each example is described using a set of Boolean features and where hypotheses are represented by linear threshold elements. One method of increasing the expressiveness of learned hypotheses in this context is to expand the feature set to include conjunctions of basic f...
computer science
32,067
Risk-Sensitive Reinforcement Learning Applied to Control under Constraints
cs.LG
In this paper, we consider Markov Decision Processes (MDPs) with error states. Error states are those states entering which is undesirable or dangerous. We define the risk with respect to a policy as the probability of entering such a state when the policy is pursued. We consider the problem of finding good policies wh...
computer science
32,068
Bandits with an Edge
cs.LG
We consider a bandit problem over a graph where the rewards are not directly observed. Instead, the decision maker can compare two nodes and receive (stochastic) information pertaining to the difference in their value. The graph structure describes the set of possible comparisons. Consequently, comparing between two no...
computer science
32,069
Distributed User Profiling via Spectral Methods
cs.LG
User profiling is a useful primitive for constructing personalised services, such as content recommendation. In the present paper we investigate the feasibility of user profiling in a distributed setting, with no central authority and only local information exchanges between users. We compute a profile vector for each ...
computer science
32,070
Learning Topic Models by Belief Propagation
cs.LG
Latent Dirichlet allocation (LDA) is an important hierarchical Bayesian model for probabilistic topic modeling, which attracts worldwide interests and touches on many important applications in text mining, computer vision and computational biology. This paper represents LDA as a factor graph within the Markov random fi...
computer science
32,071
Application of distances between terms for flat and hierarchical data
cs.LG
In machine learning, distance-based algorithms, and other approaches, use information that is represented by propositional data. However, this kind of representation can be quite restrictive and, in many cases, it requires more complex structures in order to represent data in a more natural way. Terms are the basis for...
computer science
32,072
Noise Tolerance under Risk Minimization
cs.LG
In this paper we explore noise tolerant learning of classifiers. We formulate the problem as follows. We assume that there is an ${\bf unobservable}$ training set which is noise-free. The actual training set given to the learning algorithm is obtained from this ideal data set by corrupting the class label of each examp...
computer science
32,073
Minimax Classifier for Uncertain Costs
cs.LG
Many studies on the cost-sensitive learning assumed that a unique cost matrix is known for a problem. However, this assumption may not hold for many real-world problems. For example, a classifier might need to be applied in several circumstances, each of which associates with a different cost matrix. Or, different huma...
computer science
32,074
Greedy Multiple Instance Learning via Codebook Learning and Nearest Neighbor Voting
cs.LG
Multiple instance learning (MIL) has attracted great attention recently in machine learning community. However, most MIL algorithms are very slow and cannot be applied to large datasets. In this paper, we propose a greedy strategy to speed up the multiple instance learning process. Our contribution is two fold. First, ...
computer science
32,075
A Converged Algorithm for Tikhonov Regularized Nonnegative Matrix Factorization with Automatic Regularization Parameters Determination
cs.LG
We present a converged algorithm for Tikhonov regularized nonnegative matrix factorization (NMF). We specially choose this regularization because it is known that Tikhonov regularized least square (LS) is the more preferable form in solving linear inverse problems than the conventional LS. Because an NMF problem can be...
computer science
32,076
Efficient Constrained Regret Minimization
cs.LG
Online learning constitutes a mathematical and compelling framework to analyze sequential decision making problems in adversarial environments. The learner repeatedly chooses an action, the environment responds with an outcome, and then the learner receives a reward for the played action. The goal of the learner is to ...
computer science
32,077
A Uniqueness Theorem for Clustering
cs.LG
Despite the widespread use of Clustering, there is distressingly little general theory of clustering available. Questions like "What distinguishes a clustering of data from other data partitioning?", "Are there any principles governing all clustering paradigms?", "How should a user choose an appropriate clustering algo...
computer science
32,078
The Entire Quantile Path of a Risk-Agnostic SVM Classifier
cs.LG
A quantile binary classifier uses the rule: Classify x as +1 if P(Y = 1|X = x) >= t, and as -1 otherwise, for a fixed quantile parameter t {[0, 1]. It has been shown that Support Vector Machines (SVMs) in the limit are quantile classifiers with t = 1/2 . In this paper, we show that by using asymmetric cost of misclassi...
computer science
32,079
Probabilistic Structured Predictors
cs.LG
We consider MAP estimators for structured prediction with exponential family models. In particular, we concentrate on the case that efficient algorithms for uniform sampling from the output space exist. We show that under this assumption (i) exact computation of the partition function remains a hard problem, and (ii) t...
computer science
32,080
REGAL: A Regularization based Algorithm for Reinforcement Learning in Weakly Communicating MDPs
cs.LG
We provide an algorithm that achieves the optimal regret rate in an unknown weakly communicating Markov Decision Process (MDP). The algorithm proceeds in episodes where, in each episode, it picks a policy using regularization based on the span of the optimal bias vector. For an MDP with S states and A actions whose opt...
computer science
32,081
A Bayesian Sampling Approach to Exploration in Reinforcement Learning
cs.LG
We present a modular approach to reinforcement learning that uses a Bayesian representation of the uncertainty over models. The approach, BOSS (Best of Sampled Set), drives exploration by sampling multiple models from the posterior and selecting actions optimistically. It extends previous work by providing a rule for d...
computer science
32,082
Decoupling Exploration and Exploitation in Multi-Armed Bandits
cs.LG
We consider a multi-armed bandit problem where the decision maker can explore and exploit different arms at every round. The exploited arm adds to the decision maker's cumulative reward (without necessarily observing the reward) while the explored arm reveals its value. We devise algorithms for this setup and show that...
computer science
32,083
Normalized Maximum Likelihood Coding for Exponential Family with Its Applications to Optimal Clustering
cs.LG
We are concerned with the issue of how to calculate the normalized maximum likelihood (NML) code-length. There is a problem that the normalization term of the NML code-length may diverge when it is continuous and unbounded and a straightforward computation of it is highly expensive when the data domain is finite . In p...
computer science
32,084
Visualization of features of a series of measurements with one-dimensional cellular structure
cs.LG
This paper describes the method of visualization of periodic constituents and instability areas in series of measurements, being based on the algorithm of smoothing out and concept of one-dimensional cellular automata. A method can be used at the analysis of temporal series, related to the volumes of thematic publicati...
computer science
32,085
The Role of Weight Shrinking in Large Margin Perceptron Learning
cs.LG
We introduce into the classical perceptron algorithm with margin a mechanism that shrinks the current weight vector as a first step of the update. If the shrinking factor is constant the resulting algorithm may be regarded as a margin-error-driven version of NORMA with constant learning rate. In this case we show that ...
computer science
32,086
Safe Exploration in Markov Decision Processes
cs.LG
In environments with uncertain dynamics exploration is necessary to learn how to perform well. Existing reinforcement learning algorithms provide strong exploration guarantees, but they tend to rely on an ergodicity assumption. The essence of ergodicity is that any state is eventually reachable from any other state by ...
computer science
32,087
Off-Policy Actor-Critic
cs.LG
This paper presents the first actor-critic algorithm for off-policy reinforcement learning. Our algorithm is online and incremental, and its per-time-step complexity scales linearly with the number of learned weights. Previous work on actor-critic algorithms is limited to the on-policy setting and does not take advanta...
computer science
32,088
Multiclass Learning Approaches: A Theoretical Comparison with Implications
cs.LG
We theoretically analyze and compare the following five popular multiclass classification methods: One vs. All, All Pairs, Tree-based classifiers, Error Correcting Output Codes (ECOC) with randomly generated code matrices, and Multiclass SVM. In the first four methods, the classification is based on a reduction to bina...
computer science
32,089
On Multilabel Classification and Ranking with Partial Feedback
cs.LG
We present a novel multilabel/ranking algorithm working in partial information settings. The algorithm is based on 2nd-order descent methods, and relies on upper-confidence bounds to trade-off exploration and exploitation. We analyze this algorithm in a partial adversarial setting, where covariates can be adversarial, ...
computer science
32,090
Hybrid Template Update System for Unimodal Biometric Systems
cs.LG
Semi-supervised template update systems allow to automatically take into account the intra-class variability of the biometric data over time. Such systems can be inefficient by including too many impostor's samples or skipping too many genuine's samples. In the first case, the biometric reference drifts from the real b...
computer science
32,091
Web-Based Benchmark for Keystroke Dynamics Biometric Systems: A Statistical Analysis
cs.LG
Most keystroke dynamics studies have been evaluated using a specific kind of dataset in which users type an imposed login and password. Moreover, these studies are optimistics since most of them use different acquisition protocols, private datasets, controlled environment, etc. In order to enhance the accuracy of keyst...
computer science
32,092
Accuracy Measures for the Comparison of Classifiers
cs.LG
The selection of the best classification algorithm for a given dataset is a very widespread problem. It is also a complex one, in the sense it requires to make several important methodological choices. Among them, in this work we focus on the measure used to assess the classification performance and rank the algorithms...
computer science
32,093
Better Mixing via Deep Representations
cs.LG
It has previously been hypothesized, and supported with some experimental evidence, that deeper representations, when well trained, tend to do a better job at disentangling the underlying factors of variation. We study the following related conjecture: better representations, in the sense of better disentangling, can b...
computer science
32,094
Supervised Laplacian Eigenmaps with Applications in Clinical Diagnostics for Pediatric Cardiology
cs.LG
Electronic health records contain rich textual data which possess critical predictive information for machine-learning based diagnostic aids. However many traditional machine learning methods fail to simultaneously integrate both vector space data and text. We present a supervised method using Laplacian eigenmaps to au...
computer science
32,095
Learning Hash Functions Using Column Generation
cs.LG
Fast nearest neighbor searching is becoming an increasingly important tool in solving many large-scale problems. Recently a number of approaches to learning data-dependent hash functions have been developed. In this work, we propose a column generation based method for learning data-dependent hash functions on the basi...
computer science
32,096
Inductive Sparse Subspace Clustering
cs.LG
Sparse Subspace Clustering (SSC) has achieved state-of-the-art clustering quality by performing spectral clustering over a $\ell^{1}$-norm based similarity graph. However, SSC is a transductive method which does not handle with the data not used to construct the graph (out-of-sample data). For each new datum, SSC requi...
computer science
32,097
Convex and Scalable Weakly Labeled SVMs
cs.LG
In this paper, we study the problem of learning from weakly labeled data, where labels of the training examples are incomplete. This includes, for example, (i) semi-supervised learning where labels are partially known; (ii) multi-instance learning where labels are implicitly known; and (iii) clustering where labels are...
computer science
32,098
Multi-relational Learning Using Weighted Tensor Decomposition with Modular Loss
cs.LG
We propose a modular framework for multi-relational learning via tensor decomposition. In our learning setting, the training data contains multiple types of relationships among a set of objects, which we represent by a sparse three-mode tensor. The goal is to predict the values of the missing entries. To do so, we mode...
computer science
32,099
Transfer Learning for Voice Activity Detection: A Denoising Deep Neural Network Perspective
cs.LG
Mismatching problem between the source and target noisy corpora severely hinder the practical use of the machine-learning-based voice activity detection (VAD). In this paper, we try to address this problem in the transfer learning prospective. Transfer learning tries to find a common learning machine or a common featur...
computer science
32,100
Convex Discriminative Multitask Clustering
cs.LG
Multitask clustering tries to improve the clustering performance of multiple tasks simultaneously by taking their relationship into account. Most existing multitask clustering algorithms fall into the type of generative clustering, and none are formulated as convex optimization problems. In this paper, we propose two c...
computer science
32,101
Heuristic Ternary Error-Correcting Output Codes Via Weight Optimization and Layered Clustering-Based Approach
cs.LG
One important classifier ensemble for multiclass classification problems is Error-Correcting Output Codes (ECOCs). It bridges multiclass problems and binary-class classifiers by decomposing multiclass problems to a serial binary-class problems. In this paper, we present a heuristic ternary code, named Weight Optimizati...
computer science