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32,802
AMP: a new time-frequency feature extraction method for intermittent time-series data
cs.LG
The characterisation of time-series data via their most salient features is extremely important in a range of machine learning task, not least of all with regards to classification and clustering. While there exist many feature extraction techniques suitable for non-intermittent time-series data, these approaches are n...
computer science
32,803
Bandit-Based Task Assignment for Heterogeneous Crowdsourcing
cs.LG
We consider a task assignment problem in crowdsourcing, which is aimed at collecting as many reliable labels as possible within a limited budget. A challenge in this scenario is how to cope with the diversity of tasks and the task-dependent reliability of workers, e.g., a worker may be good at recognizing the name of s...
computer science
32,804
A study of the classification of low-dimensional data with supervised manifold learning
cs.LG
Supervised manifold learning methods learn data representations by preserving the geometric structure of data while enhancing the separation between data samples from different classes. In this work, we propose a theoretical study of supervised manifold learning for classification. We consider nonlinear dimensionality ...
computer science
32,805
Deep Recurrent Q-Learning for Partially Observable MDPs
cs.LG
Deep Reinforcement Learning has yielded proficient controllers for complex tasks. However, these controllers have limited memory and rely on being able to perceive the complete game screen at each decision point. To address these shortcomings, this article investigates the effects of adding recurrency to a Deep Q-Netwo...
computer science
32,806
A Reinforcement Learning Approach to Online Learning of Decision Trees
cs.LG
Online decision tree learning algorithms typically examine all features of a new data point to update model parameters. We propose a novel alternative, Reinforcement Learning- based Decision Trees (RLDT), that uses Reinforcement Learning (RL) to actively examine a minimal number of features of a data point to classify ...
computer science
32,807
A Framework of Sparse Online Learning and Its Applications
cs.LG
The amount of data in our society has been exploding in the era of big data today. In this paper, we address several open challenges of big data stream classification, including high volume, high velocity, high dimensionality, high sparsity, and high class-imbalance. Many existing studies in data mining literature solv...
computer science
32,808
True Online Emphatic TD($λ$): Quick Reference and Implementation Guide
cs.LG
This document is a guide to the implementation of true online emphatic TD($\lambda$), a model-free temporal-difference algorithm for learning to make long-term predictions which combines the emphasis idea (Sutton, Mahmood & White 2015) and the true-online idea (van Seijen & Sutton 2014). The setting used here includes ...
computer science
32,809
Task Selection for Bandit-Based Task Assignment in Heterogeneous Crowdsourcing
cs.LG
Task selection (picking an appropriate labeling task) and worker selection (assigning the labeling task to a suitable worker) are two major challenges in task assignment for crowdsourcing. Recently, worker selection has been successfully addressed by the bandit-based task assignment (BBTA) method, while task selection ...
computer science
32,810
Sparse Multidimensional Patient Modeling using Auxiliary Confidence Labels
cs.LG
In this work, we focus on the problem of learning a classification model that performs inference on patient Electronic Health Records (EHRs). Often, a large amount of costly expert supervision is required to learn such a model. To reduce this cost, we obtain confidence labels that indicate how sure an expert is in the ...
computer science
32,811
Learning Representations for Outlier Detection on a Budget
cs.LG
The problem of detecting a small number of outliers in a large dataset is an important task in many fields from fraud detection to high-energy physics. Two approaches have emerged to tackle this problem: unsupervised and supervised. Supervised approaches require a sufficient amount of labeled data and are challenged by...
computer science
32,812
VMF-SNE: Embedding for Spherical Data
cs.LG
T-SNE is a well-known approach to embedding high-dimensional data and has been widely used in data visualization. The basic assumption of t-SNE is that the data are non-constrained in the Euclidean space and the local proximity can be modelled by Gaussian distributions. This assumption does not hold for a wide range of...
computer science
32,813
Turnover Prediction Of Shares using Data Mining techniques : A Case Study
cs.LG
Predicting the turnover of a company in the ever fluctuating Stock market has always proved to be a precarious situation and most certainly a difficult task in hand. Data mining is a well-known sphere of Computer Science that aims on extracting meaningful information from large databases. However, despite the existence...
computer science
32,814
An Analytic Framework for Maritime Situation Analysis
cs.LG
Maritime domain awareness is critical for protecting sea lanes, ports, harbors, offshore structures and critical infrastructures against common threats and illegal activities. Limited surveillance resources constrain maritime domain awareness and compromise full security coverage at all times. This situation calls for ...
computer science
32,815
Fixed-point algorithms for learning determinantal point processes
cs.LG
Determinantal point processes (DPPs) offer an elegant tool for encoding probabilities over subsets of a ground set. Discrete DPPs are parametrized by a positive semidefinite matrix (called the DPP kernel), and estimating this kernel is key to learning DPPs from observed data. We consider the task of learning the DPP ke...
computer science
32,816
Dropout Training for SVMs with Data Augmentation
cs.LG
Dropout and other feature noising schemes have shown promising results in controlling over-fitting by artificially corrupting the training data. Though extensive theoretical and empirical studies have been performed for generalized linear models, little work has been done for support vector machines (SVMs), one of the ...
computer science
32,817
Training Conditional Random Fields with Natural Gradient Descent
cs.LG
We propose a novel parameter estimation procedure that works efficiently for conditional random fields (CRF). This algorithm is an extension to the maximum likelihood estimation (MLE), using loss functions defined by Bregman divergences which measure the proximity between the model expectation and the empirical mean of...
computer science
32,818
Normalized Hierarchical SVM
cs.LG
We present improved methods of using structured SVMs in a large-scale hierarchical classification problem, that is when labels are leaves, or sets of leaves, in a tree or a DAG. We examine the need to normalize both the regularization and the margin and show how doing so significantly improves performance, including al...
computer science
32,819
From Cutting Planes Algorithms to Compression Schemes and Active Learning
cs.LG
Cutting-plane methods are well-studied localization(and optimization) algorithms. We show that they provide a natural framework to perform machinelearning ---and not just to solve optimization problems posed by machinelearning--- in addition to their intended optimization use. In particular, theyallow one to learn spar...
computer science
32,820
Probabilistic Dependency Networks for Prediction and Diagnostics
cs.LG
Research in transportation frequently involve modelling and predicting attributes of events that occur at regular intervals. The event could be arrival of a bus at a bus stop, the volume of a traffic at a particular point, the demand at a particular bus stop etc. In this work, we propose a specific implementation of pr...
computer science
32,821
Hash Function Learning via Codewords
cs.LG
In this paper we introduce a novel hash learning framework that has two main distinguishing features, when compared to past approaches. First, it utilizes codewords in the Hamming space as ancillary means to accomplish its hash learning task. These codewords, which are inferred from the data, attempt to capture similar...
computer science
32,822
A Survey on Contextual Multi-armed Bandits
cs.LG
In this survey we cover a few stochastic and adversarial contextual bandit algorithms. We analyze each algorithm's assumption and regret bound.
computer science
32,823
Multi-Task Learning with Group-Specific Feature Space Sharing
cs.LG
When faced with learning a set of inter-related tasks from a limited amount of usable data, learning each task independently may lead to poor generalization performance. Multi-Task Learning (MTL) exploits the latent relations between tasks and overcomes data scarcity limitations by co-learning all these tasks simultane...
computer science
32,824
End-to-end Learning of LDA by Mirror-Descent Back Propagation over a Deep Architecture
cs.LG
We develop a fully discriminative learning approach for supervised Latent Dirichlet Allocation (LDA) model using Back Propagation (i.e., BP-sLDA), which maximizes the posterior probability of the prediction variable given the input document. Different from traditional variational learning or Gibbs sampling approaches, ...
computer science
32,825
Predicting Grades
cs.LG
To increase efficacy in traditional classroom courses as well as in Massive Open Online Courses (MOOCs), automated systems supporting the instructor are needed. One important problem is to automatically detect students that are going to do poorly in a course early enough to be able to take remedial actions. Existing gr...
computer science
32,826
ESDF: Ensemble Selection using Diversity and Frequency
cs.LG
Recently ensemble selection for consensus clustering has emerged as a research problem in Machine Intelligence. Normally consensus clustering algorithms take into account the entire ensemble of clustering, where there is a tendency of generating a very large size ensemble before computing its consensus. One can avoid c...
computer science
32,827
Learning to Predict Independent of Span
cs.LG
We consider how to learn multi-step predictions efficiently. Conventional algorithms wait until observing actual outcomes before performing the computations to update their predictions. If predictions are made at a high rate or span over a large amount of time, substantial computation can be required to store all relev...
computer science
32,828
Fault Diagnosis of Helical Gear Box using Large Margin K-Nearest Neighbors Classifier using Sound Signals
cs.LG
Gear drives are one of the most widely used transmission system in many machinery. Sound signals of a rotating machine contain the dynamic information about its health conditions. Not much information available in the literature reporting suitability of sound signals for fault diagnosis applications. Maximum numbers of...
computer science
32,829
Dither is Better than Dropout for Regularising Deep Neural Networks
cs.LG
Regularisation of deep neural networks (DNN) during training is critical to performance. By far the most popular method is known as dropout. Here, cast through the prism of signal processing theory, we compare and contrast the regularisation effects of dropout with those of dither. We illustrate some serious inherent l...
computer science
32,830
Semi-supervised Learning with Regularized Laplacian
cs.LG
We study a semi-supervised learning method based on the similarity graph and RegularizedLaplacian. We give convenient optimization formulation of the Regularized Laplacian method and establishits various properties. In particular, we show that the kernel of the methodcan be interpreted in terms of discrete and continuo...
computer science
32,831
Greedy methods, randomization approaches and multi-arm bandit algorithms for efficient sparsity-constrained optimization
cs.LG
Several sparsity-constrained algorithms such as Orthogonal Matching Pursuit or the Frank-Wolfe algorithm with sparsity constraints work by iteratively selecting a novel atom to add to the current non-zero set of variables. This selection step is usually performed by computing the gradient and then by looking for the gr...
computer science
32,832
Online Anomaly Detection via Class-Imbalance Learning
cs.LG
Anomaly detection is an important task in many real world applications such as fraud detection, suspicious activity detection, health care monitoring etc. In this paper, we tackle this problem from supervised learning perspective in online learning setting. We maximize well known \emph{Gmean} metric for class-imbalance...
computer science
32,833
Multi-armed Bandit Problem with Known Trend
cs.LG
We consider a variant of the multi-armed bandit model, which we call multi-armed bandit problem with known trend, where the gambler knows the shape of the reward function of each arm but not its distribution. This new problem is motivated by different online problems like active learning, music and interface recommenda...
computer science
32,834
Competitive and Penalized Clustering Auto-encoder
cs.LG
The paper has been withdrawn since more effective experiments should be completed. Auto-encoders (AE) has been widely applied in different fields of machine learning. However, as a deep model, there are a large amount of learnable parameters in the AE, which would cause over-fitting and slow learning speed in practic...
computer science
32,835
Differentially Private Online Learning for Cloud-Based Video Recommendation with Multimedia Big Data in Social Networks
cs.LG
With the rapid growth in multimedia services and the enormous offers of video contents in online social networks, users have difficulty in obtaining their interests. Therefore, various personalized recommendation systems have been proposed. However, they ignore that the accelerated proliferation of social media data ha...
computer science
32,836
Sensor-Type Classification in Buildings
cs.LG
Many sensors/meters are deployed in commercial buildings to monitor and optimize their performance. However, because sensor metadata is inconsistent across buildings, software-based solutions are tightly coupled to the sensor metadata conventions (i.e. schemas and naming) for each building. Running the same software ac...
computer science
32,837
On-the-Fly Learning in a Perpetual Learning Machine
cs.LG
Despite the promise of brain-inspired machine learning, deep neural networks (DNN) have frustratingly failed to bridge the deceptively large gap between learning and memory. Here, we introduce a Perpetual Learning Machine; a new type of DNN that is capable of brain-like dynamic 'on the fly' learning because it exists i...
computer science
32,838
Training a Restricted Boltzmann Machine for Classification by Labeling Model Samples
cs.LG
We propose an alternative method for training a classification model. Using the MNIST set of handwritten digits and Restricted Boltzmann Machines, it is possible to reach a classification performance competitive to semi-supervised learning if we first train a model in an unsupervised fashion on unlabeled data only, and...
computer science
32,839
A tree-based kernel for graphs with continuous attributes
cs.LG
The availability of graph data with node attributes that can be either discrete or real-valued is constantly increasing. While existing kernel methods are effective techniques for dealing with graphs having discrete node labels, their adaptation to non-discrete or continuous node attributes has been limited, mainly for...
computer science
32,840
Machine Learning Methods to Analyze Arabidopsis Thaliana Plant Root Growth
cs.LG
One of the challenging problems in biology is to classify plants based on their reaction on genetic mutation. Arabidopsis Thaliana is a plant that is so interesting, because its genetic structure has some similarities with that of human beings. Biologists classify the type of this plant to mutated and not mutated (wild...
computer science
32,841
Probabilistic Neural Network Training for Semi-Supervised Classifiers
cs.LG
In this paper, we propose another version of help-training approach by employing a Probabilistic Neural Network (PNN) that improves the performance of the main discriminative classifier in the semi-supervised strategy. We introduce the PNN-training algorithm and use it for training the support vector machine (SVM) with...
computer science
32,842
Deep Broad Learning - Big Models for Big Data
cs.LG
Deep learning has demonstrated the power of detailed modeling of complex high-order (multivariate) interactions in data. For some learning tasks there is power in learning models that are not only Deep but also Broad. By Broad, we mean models that incorporate evidence from large numbers of features. This is of especial...
computer science
32,843
Parallel and Distributed Approaches for Graph Based Semi-supervised Learning
cs.LG
Two approaches for graph based semi-supervised learning are proposed. The firstapproach is based on iteration of an affine map. A key element of the affine map iteration is sparsematrix-vector multiplication, which has several very efficient parallel implementations. The secondapproach belongs to the class of Markov Ch...
computer science
32,844
Efficient Sampling for k-Determinantal Point Processes
cs.LG
Determinantal Point Processes (DPPs) are elegant probabilistic models of repulsion and diversity over discrete sets of items. But their applicability to large sets is hindered by expensive cubic-complexity matrix operations for basic tasks such as sampling. In light of this, we propose a new method for approximate samp...
computer science
32,845
Gravitational Clustering
cs.LG
The downfall of many supervised learning algorithms, such as neural networks, is the inherent need for a large amount of training data. Although there is a lot of buzz about big data, there is still the problem of doing classification from a small dataset. Other methods such as support vector machines, although capable...
computer science
32,846
Theoretic Analysis and Extremely Easy Algorithms for Domain Adaptive Feature Learning
cs.LG
Domain adaptation problems arise in a variety of applications, where a training dataset from the \textit{source} domain and a test dataset from the \textit{target} domain typically follow different distributions. The primary difficulty in designing effective learning models to solve such problems lies in how to bridge ...
computer science
32,847
Use it or Lose it: Selective Memory and Forgetting in a Perpetual Learning Machine
cs.LG
In a recent article we described a new type of deep neural network - a Perpetual Learning Machine (PLM) - which is capable of learning 'on the fly' like a brain by existing in a state of Perpetual Stochastic Gradient Descent (PSGD). Here, by simulating the process of practice, we demonstrate both selective memory and s...
computer science
32,848
A new Initial Centroid finding Method based on Dissimilarity Tree for K-means Algorithm
cs.LG
Cluster analysis is one of the primary data analysis technique in data mining and K-means is one of the commonly used partitioning clustering algorithm. In K-means algorithm, resulting set of clusters depend on the choice of initial centroids. If we can find initial centroids which are coherent with the arrangement of ...
computer science
32,849
Toward better feature weighting algorithms: a focus on Relief
cs.LG
Feature weighting algorithms try to solve a problem of great importance nowadays in machine learning: The search of a relevance measure for the features of a given domain. This relevance is primarily used for feature selection as feature weighting can be seen as a generalization of it, but it is also useful to better u...
computer science
32,850
Voted Kernel Regularization
cs.LG
This paper presents an algorithm, Voted Kernel Regularization , that provides the flexibility of using potentially very complex kernel functions such as predictors based on much higher-degree polynomial kernels, while benefitting from strong learning guarantees. The success of our algorithm arises from derived bounds t...
computer science
32,851
Towards Making High Dimensional Distance Metric Learning Practical
cs.LG
In this work, we study distance metric learning (DML) for high dimensional data. A typical approach for DML with high dimensional data is to perform the dimensionality reduction first before learning the distance metric. The main shortcoming of this approach is that it may result in a suboptimal solution due to the sub...
computer science
32,852
Forecasting Method for Grouped Time Series with the Use of k-Means Algorithm
cs.LG
The paper is focused on the forecasting method for time series groups with the use of algorithms for cluster analysis. $K$-means algorithm is suggested to be a basic one for clustering. The coordinates of the centers of clusters have been put in correspondence with summarizing time series data the centroids of the clus...
computer science
32,853
Taming the ReLU with Parallel Dither in a Deep Neural Network
cs.LG
Rectified Linear Units (ReLU) seem to have displaced traditional 'smooth' nonlinearities as activation-function-du-jour in many - but not all - deep neural network (DNN) applications. However, nobody seems to know why. In this article, we argue that ReLU are useful because they are ideal demodulators - this helps them ...
computer science
32,854
Learning to Hash for Indexing Big Data - A Survey
cs.LG
The explosive growth in big data has attracted much attention in designing efficient indexing and search methods recently. In many critical applications such as large-scale search and pattern matching, finding the nearest neighbors to a query is a fundamental research problem. However, the straightforward solution usin...
computer science
32,855
"Oddball SGD": Novelty Driven Stochastic Gradient Descent for Training Deep Neural Networks
cs.LG
Stochastic Gradient Descent (SGD) is arguably the most popular of the machine learning methods applied to training deep neural networks (DNN) today. It has recently been demonstrated that SGD can be statistically biased so that certain elements of the training set are learned more rapidly than others. In this article, ...
computer science
32,856
The Utility of Clustering in Prediction Tasks
cs.LG
We explore the utility of clustering in reducing error in various prediction tasks. Previous work has hinted at the improvement in prediction accuracy attributed to clustering algorithms if used to pre-process the data. In this work we more deeply investigate the direct utility of using clustering to improve prediction...
computer science
32,857
Deep Reinforcement Learning with Double Q-learning
cs.LG
The popular Q-learning algorithm is known to overestimate action values under certain conditions. It was not previously known whether, in practice, such overestimations are common, whether they harm performance, and whether they can generally be prevented. In this paper, we answer all these questions affirmatively. In ...
computer science
32,858
Learning Wake-Sleep Recurrent Attention Models
cs.LG
Despite their success, convolutional neural networks are computationally expensive because they must examine all image locations. Stochastic attention-based models have been shown to improve computational efficiency at test time, but they remain difficult to train because of intractable posterior inference and high var...
computer science
32,859
On The Direct Maximization of Quadratic Weighted Kappa
cs.LG
In recent years, quadratic weighted kappa has been growing in popularity in the machine learning community as an evaluation metric in domains where the target labels to be predicted are drawn from integer ratings, usually obtained from human experts. For example, it was the metric of choice in several recent, high prof...
computer science
32,860
Sparsity-based Correction of Exponential Artifacts
cs.LG
This paper describes an exponential transient excision algorithm (ETEA). In biomedical time series analysis, e.g., in vivo neural recording and electrocorticography (ECoG), some measurement artifacts take the form of piecewise exponential transients. The proposed method is formulated as an unconstrained convex optimiza...
computer science
32,861
Spatially Encoding Temporal Correlations to Classify Temporal Data Using Convolutional Neural Networks
cs.LG
We propose an off-line approach to explicitly encode temporal patterns spatially as different types of images, namely, Gramian Angular Fields and Markov Transition Fields. This enables the use of techniques from computer vision for feature learning and classification. We used Tiled Convolutional Neural Networks to lear...
computer science
32,862
Online Stochastic Linear Optimization under One-bit Feedback
cs.LG
In this paper, we study a special bandit setting of online stochastic linear optimization, where only one-bit of information is revealed to the learner at each round. This problem has found many applications including online advertisement and online recommendation. We assume the binary feedback is a random variable gen...
computer science
32,863
A Mathematical Theory for Clustering in Metric Spaces
cs.LG
Clustering is one of the most fundamental problems in data analysis and it has been studied extensively in the literature. Though many clustering algorithms have been proposed, clustering theories that justify the use of these clustering algorithms are still unsatisfactory. In particular, one of the fundamental challen...
computer science
32,864
Algorithms for Linear Bandits on Polyhedral Sets
cs.LG
We study stochastic linear optimization problem with bandit feedback. The set of arms take values in an $N$-dimensional space and belong to a bounded polyhedron described by finitely many linear inequalities. We provide a lower bound for the expected regret that scales as $\Omega(N\log T)$. We then provide a nearly opt...
computer science
32,865
Super-Resolution Off the Grid
cs.LG
Super-resolution is the problem of recovering a superposition of point sources using bandlimited measurements, which may be corrupted with noise. This signal processing problem arises in numerous imaging problems, ranging from astronomy to biology to spectroscopy, where it is common to take (coarse) Fourier measurement...
computer science
32,866
Discriminative Learning of the Prototype Set for Nearest Neighbor Classification
cs.LG
The nearest neighbor rule is a classic yet essential classification model, particularly in problems where the supervising information is given by pairwise dissimilarities and the embedding function are not easily obtained. Prototype selection provides means of generalization and improving efficiency of the nearest neig...
computer science
32,867
Feature Selection for classification of hyperspectral data by minimizing a tight bound on the VC dimension
cs.LG
Hyperspectral data consists of large number of features which require sophisticated analysis to be extracted. A popular approach to reduce computational cost, facilitate information representation and accelerate knowledge discovery is to eliminate bands that do not improve the classification and analysis methods being ...
computer science
32,868
How to Formulate and Solve Statistical Recognition and Learning Problems
cs.LG
We formulate problems of statistical recognition and learning in a common framework of complex hypothesis testing. Based on arguments from multi-criteria optimization, we identify strategies that are improper for solving these problems and derive a common form of the remaining strategies. We show that some widely used ...
computer science
32,869
A Semi-Supervised Method for Predicting Cancer Survival Using Incomplete Clinical Data
cs.LG
Prediction of survival for cancer patients is an open area of research. However, many of these studies focus on datasets with a large number of patients. We present a novel method that is specifically designed to address the challenge of data scarcity, which is often the case for cancer datasets. Our method is able to ...
computer science
32,870
Distributed Weighted Parameter Averaging for SVM Training on Big Data
cs.LG
Two popular approaches for distributed training of SVMs on big data are parameter averaging and ADMM. Parameter averaging is efficient but suffers from loss of accuracy with increase in number of partitions, while ADMM in the feature space is accurate but suffers from slow convergence. In this paper, we report a hybrid...
computer science
32,871
Deep Haar Scattering Networks
cs.LG
An orthogonal Haar scattering transform is a deep network, computed with a hierarchy of additions, subtractions and absolute values, over pairs of coefficients. It provides a simple mathematical model for unsupervised deep network learning. It implements non-linear contractions, which are optimized for classification, ...
computer science
32,872
Rapidly Mixing Gibbs Sampling for a Class of Factor Graphs Using Hierarchy Width
cs.LG
Gibbs sampling on factor graphs is a widely used inference technique, which often produces good empirical results. Theoretical guarantees for its performance are weak: even for tree structured graphs, the mixing time of Gibbs may be exponential in the number of variables. To help understand the behavior of Gibbs sampli...
computer science
32,873
Machine Learning for Machine Data from a CATI Network
cs.LG
This is a machine learning application paper involving big data. We present high-accuracy prediction methods of rare events in semi-structured machine log files, which are produced at high velocity and high volume by NORC's computer-assisted telephone interviewing (CATI) network for conducting surveys. We judiciously a...
computer science
32,874
Tight Variational Bounds via Random Projections and I-Projections
cs.LG
Information projections are the key building block of variational inference algorithms and are used to approximate a target probabilistic model by projecting it onto a family of tractable distributions. In general, there is no guarantee on the quality of the approximation obtained. To overcome this issue, we introduce ...
computer science
32,875
Stochastic Optimization for Deep CCA via Nonlinear Orthogonal Iterations
cs.LG
Deep CCA is a recently proposed deep neural network extension to the traditional canonical correlation analysis (CCA), and has been successful for multi-view representation learning in several domains. However, stochastic optimization of the deep CCA objective is not straightforward, because it does not decouple over t...
computer science
32,876
Uniform Learning in a Deep Neural Network via "Oddball" Stochastic Gradient Descent
cs.LG
When training deep neural networks, it is typically assumed that the training examples are uniformly difficult to learn. Or, to restate, it is assumed that the training error will be uniformly distributed across the training examples. Based on these assumptions, each training example is used an equal number of times. H...
computer science
32,877
Technical Report of Participation in Higgs Boson Machine Learning Challenge
cs.LG
This report entails the detailed description of the approach and methodologies taken as part of competing in the Higgs Boson Machine Learning Competition hosted by Kaggle Inc. and organized by CERN et al. It briefly describes the theoretical background of the problem and the motivation for taking part in the competitio...
computer science
32,878
Early Inference in Energy-Based Models Approximates Back-Propagation
cs.LG
We show that Langevin MCMC inference in an energy-based model with latent variables has the property that the early steps of inference, starting from a stationary point, correspond to propagating error gradients into internal layers, similarly to back-propagation. The error that is back-propagated is with respect to vi...
computer science
32,879
TSEB: More Efficient Thompson Sampling for Policy Learning
cs.LG
In model-based solution approaches to the problem of learning in an unknown environment, exploring to learn the model parameters takes a toll on the regret. The optimal performance with respect to regret or PAC bounds is achievable, if the algorithm exploits with respect to reward or explores with respect to the model ...
computer science
32,880
Survey on Feature Selection
cs.LG
Feature selection plays an important role in the data mining process. It is needed to deal with the excessive number of features, which can become a computational burden on the learning algorithms. It is also necessary, even when computational resources are not scarce, since it improves the accuracy of the machine lear...
computer science
32,881
On Correcting Inputs: Inverse Optimization for Online Structured Prediction
cs.LG
Algorithm designers typically assume that the input data is correct, and then proceed to find "optimal" or "sub-optimal" solutions using this input data. However this assumption of correct data does not always hold in practice, especially in the context of online learning systems where the objective is to learn appropr...
computer science
32,882
$\ell_1$-regularized Neural Networks are Improperly Learnable in Polynomial Time
cs.LG
We study the improper learning of multi-layer neural networks. Suppose that the neural network to be learned has $k$ hidden layers and that the $\ell_1$-norm of the incoming weights of any neuron is bounded by $L$. We present a kernel-based method, such that with probability at least $1 - \delta$, it learns a predictor...
computer science
32,883
Elastic regularization in restricted Boltzmann machines: Dealing with $p\gg N$
cs.LG
Restricted Boltzmann machines (RBMs) are endowed with the universal power of modeling (binary) joint distributions. Meanwhile, as a result of their confining network structure, training RBMs confronts less difficulties (compared with more complicated models, e.g., Boltzmann machines) when dealing with approximation and...
computer science
32,884
Online Markov decision processes with policy iteration
cs.LG
The online Markov decision process (MDP) is a generalization of the classical Markov decision process that incorporates changing reward functions. In this paper, we propose practical online MDP algorithms with policy iteration and theoretically establish a sublinear regret bound. A notable advantage of the proposed alg...
computer science
32,885
Quantification in-the-wild: data-sets and baselines
cs.LG
Quantification is the task of estimating the class-distribution of a data-set. While typically considered as a parameter estimation problem with strict assumptions on the data-set shift, we consider quantification in-the-wild, on two large scale data-sets from marine ecology: a survey of Caribbean coral reefs, and a pl...
computer science
32,886
Improving the Speed of Response of Learning Algorithms Using Multiple Models
cs.LG
This is the first of a series of papers that the authors propose to write on the subject of improving the speed of response of learning systems using multiple models. During the past two decades, the first author has worked on numerous methods for improving the stability, robustness, and performance of adaptive systems...
computer science
32,887
How Important is Weight Symmetry in Backpropagation?
cs.LG
Gradient backpropagation (BP) requires symmetric feedforward and feedback connections -- the same weights must be used for forward and backward passes. This "weight transport problem" (Grossberg 1987) is thought to be one of the main reasons to doubt BP's biologically plausibility. Using 15 different classification dat...
computer science
32,888
AdaCluster : Adaptive Clustering for Heterogeneous Data
cs.LG
Clustering algorithms start with a fixed divergence, which captures the possibly asymmetric distance between a sample and a centroid. In the mixture model setting, the sample distribution plays the same role. When all attributes have the same topology and dispersion, the data are said to be homogeneous. If the prior kn...
computer science
32,889
Application of Machine Learning Techniques in Human Activity Recognition
cs.LG
Human activity detection has seen a tremendous growth in the last decade playing a major role in the field of pervasive computing. This emerging popularity can be attributed to its myriad of real-life applications primarily dealing with human-centric problems like healthcare and elder care. Many research attempts with ...
computer science
32,890
Transductive Optimization of Top k Precision
cs.LG
Consider a binary classification problem in which the learner is given a labeled training set, an unlabeled test set, and is restricted to choosing exactly $k$ test points to output as positive predictions. Problems of this kind---{\it transductive precision@$k$}---arise in information retrieval, digital advertising, a...
computer science
32,891
Fast and Scalable Structural SVM with Slack Rescaling
cs.LG
We present an efficient method for training slack-rescaled structural SVM. Although finding the most violating label in a margin-rescaled formulation is often easy since the target function decomposes with respect to the structure, this is not the case for a slack-rescaled formulation, and finding the most violated lab...
computer science
32,892
Robust Semi-Supervised Classification for Multi-Relational Graphs
cs.LG
Graph-regularized semi-supervised learning has been used effectively for classification when (i) instances are connected through a graph, and (ii) labeled data is scarce. If available, using multiple relations (or graphs) between the instances can improve the prediction performance. On the other hand, when these relati...
computer science
32,893
A Framework for Distributed Deep Learning Layer Design in Python
cs.LG
In this paper, a framework for testing Deep Neural Network (DNN) design in Python is presented. First, big data, machine learning (ML), and Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs) are discussed to familiarize the reader with the importance of such a system. Next, the benefits and detriments of implementing such a system in P...
computer science
32,894
Phenotyping of Clinical Time Series with LSTM Recurrent Neural Networks
cs.LG
We present a novel application of LSTM recurrent neural networks to multilabel classification of diagnoses given variable-length time series of clinical measurements. Our method outperforms a strong baseline on a variety of metrics.
computer science
32,895
The Singular Value Decomposition, Applications and Beyond
cs.LG
The singular value decomposition (SVD) is not only a classical theory in matrix computation and analysis, but also is a powerful tool in machine learning and modern data analysis. In this tutorial we first study the basic notion of SVD and then show the central role of SVD in matrices. Using majorization theory, we con...
computer science
32,896
RATM: Recurrent Attentive Tracking Model
cs.LG
We present an attention-based modular neural framework for computer vision. The framework uses a soft attention mechanism allowing models to be trained with gradient descent. It consists of three modules: a recurrent attention module controlling where to look in an image or video frame, a feature-extraction module prov...
computer science
32,897
How good is good enough? Re-evaluating the bar for energy disaggregation
cs.LG
Since the early 1980s, the research community has developed ever more sophisticated algorithms for the problem of energy disaggregation, but despite decades of research, there is still a dearth of applications with demonstrated value. In this work, we explore a question that is highly pertinent to this research communi...
computer science
32,898
Testing Visual Attention in Dynamic Environments
cs.LG
We investigate attention as the active pursuit of useful information. This contrasts with attention as a mechanism for the attenuation of irrelevant information. We also consider the role of short-term memory, whose use is critical to any model incapable of simultaneously perceiving all information on which its output ...
computer science
32,899
The Pareto Regret Frontier for Bandits
cs.LG
Given a multi-armed bandit problem it may be desirable to achieve a smaller-than-usual worst-case regret for some special actions. I show that the price for such unbalanced worst-case regret guarantees is rather high. Specifically, if an algorithm enjoys a worst-case regret of B with respect to some action, then there ...
computer science
32,900
Large-scale probabilistic predictors with and without guarantees of validity
cs.LG
This paper studies theoretically and empirically a method of turning machine-learning algorithms into probabilistic predictors that automatically enjoys a property of validity (perfect calibration) and is computationally efficient. The price to pay for perfect calibration is that these probabilistic predictors produce ...
computer science
32,901
Fast Collaborative Filtering from Implicit Feedback with Provable Guarantees
cs.LG
Building recommendation algorithms is one of the most challenging tasks in Machine Learning. Although most of the recommendation systems are built on explicit feedback available from the users in terms of rating or text, a majority of the applications do not receive such feedback. Here we consider the recommendation ta...
computer science