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32,902
Learn on Source, Refine on Target:A Model Transfer Learning Framework with Random Forests
cs.LG
We propose novel model transfer-learning methods that refine a decision forest model M learned within a "source" domain using a training set sampled from a "target" domain, assumed to be a variation of the source. We present two random forest transfer algorithms. The first algorithm searches greedily for locally optima...
computer science
32,903
Stochastic Proximal Gradient Descent for Nuclear Norm Regularization
cs.LG
In this paper, we utilize stochastic optimization to reduce the space complexity of convex composite optimization with a nuclear norm regularizer, where the variable is a matrix of size $m \times n$. By constructing a low-rank estimate of the gradient, we propose an iterative algorithm based on stochastic proximal grad...
computer science
32,904
Discrete Rényi Classifiers
cs.LG
Consider the binary classification problem of predicting a target variable $Y$ from a discrete feature vector $X = (X_1,...,X_d)$. When the probability distribution $\mathbb{P}(X,Y)$ is known, the optimal classifier, leading to the minimum misclassification rate, is given by the Maximum A-posteriori Probability decisio...
computer science
32,905
Diffusion-Convolutional Neural Networks
cs.LG
We present diffusion-convolutional neural networks (DCNNs), a new model for graph-structured data. Through the introduction of a diffusion-convolution operation, we show how diffusion-based representations can be learned from graph-structured data and used as an effective basis for node classification. DCNNs have sever...
computer science
32,906
Evaluating Protein-protein Interaction Predictors with a Novel 3-Dimensional Metric
cs.LG
In order for the predicted interactions to be directly adopted by biologists, the ma- chine learning predictions have to be of high precision, regardless of recall. This aspect cannot be evaluated or numerically represented well by traditional metrics like accuracy, ROC, or precision-recall curve. In this work, we star...
computer science
32,907
Performance Analysis of Multiclass Support Vector Machine Classification for Diagnosis of Coronary Heart Diseases
cs.LG
Automatic diagnosis of coronary heart disease helps the doctor to support in decision making a diagnosis. Coronary heart disease have some types or levels. Referring to the UCI Repository dataset, it divided into 4 types or levels that are labeled numbers 1-4 (low, medium, high and serious). The diagnosis models can be...
computer science
32,908
Max-Sum Diversification, Monotone Submodular Functions and Semi-metric Spaces
cs.LG
In many applications such as web-based search, document summarization, facility location and other applications, the results are preferable to be both representative and diversified subsets of documents. The goal of this study is to select a good "quality", bounded-size subset of a given set of items, while maintaining...
computer science
32,909
Neighbourhood NILM: A Big-data Approach to Household Energy Disaggregation
cs.LG
In this paper, we investigate whether "big-data" is more valuable than "precise" data for the problem of energy disaggregation: the process of breaking down aggregate energy usage on a per-appliance basis. Existing techniques for disaggregation rely on energy metering at a resolution of 1 minute or higher, but most pow...
computer science
32,910
Efficient Construction of Local Parametric Reduced Order Models Using Machine Learning Techniques
cs.LG
Reduced order models are computationally inexpensive approximations that capture the important dynamical characteristics of large, high-fidelity computer models of physical systems. This paper applies machine learning techniques to improve the design of parametric reduced order models. Specifically, machine learning is...
computer science
32,911
Learning with a Strong Adversary
cs.LG
The robustness of neural networks to intended perturbations has recently attracted significant attention. In this paper, we propose a new method, \emph{learning with a strong adversary}, that learns robust classifiers from supervised data. The proposed method takes finding adversarial examples as an intermediate step. ...
computer science
32,912
Label Efficient Learning by Exploiting Multi-class Output Codes
cs.LG
We present a new perspective on the popular multi-class algorithmic techniques of one-vs-all and error correcting output codes. Rather than studying the behavior of these techniques for supervised learning, we establish a connection between the success of these methods and the existence of label-efficient learning proc...
computer science
32,913
Learning to Diagnose with LSTM Recurrent Neural Networks
cs.LG
Clinical medical data, especially in the intensive care unit (ICU), consist of multivariate time series of observations. For each patient visit (or episode), sensor data and lab test results are recorded in the patient's Electronic Health Record (EHR). While potentially containing a wealth of insights, the data is diff...
computer science
32,914
Universum Prescription: Regularization using Unlabeled Data
cs.LG
This paper shows that simply prescribing "none of the above" labels to unlabeled data has a beneficial regularization effect to supervised learning. We call it universum prescription by the fact that the prescribed labels cannot be one of the supervised labels. In spite of its simplicity, universum prescription obtaine...
computer science
32,915
Sparse Learning for Large-scale and High-dimensional Data: A Randomized Convex-concave Optimization Approach
cs.LG
In this paper, we develop a randomized algorithm and theory for learning a sparse model from large-scale and high-dimensional data, which is usually formulated as an empirical risk minimization problem with a sparsity-inducing regularizer. Under the assumption that there exists a (approximately) sparse solution with hi...
computer science
32,916
Deep Linear Discriminant Analysis
cs.LG
We introduce Deep Linear Discriminant Analysis (DeepLDA) which learns linearly separable latent representations in an end-to-end fashion. Classic LDA extracts features which preserve class separability and is used for dimensionality reduction for many classification problems. The central idea of this paper is to put LD...
computer science
32,917
Large-Scale Approximate Kernel Canonical Correlation Analysis
cs.LG
Kernel canonical correlation analysis (KCCA) is a nonlinear multi-view representation learning technique with broad applicability in statistics and machine learning. Although there is a closed-form solution for the KCCA objective, it involves solving an $N\times N$ eigenvalue system where $N$ is the training set size, ...
computer science
32,918
Budget Online Multiple Kernel Learning
cs.LG
Online learning with multiple kernels has gained increasing interests in recent years and found many applications. For classification tasks, Online Multiple Kernel Classification (OMKC), which learns a kernel based classifier by seeking the optimal linear combination of a pool of single kernel classifiers in an online ...
computer science
32,919
Topic Modeling of Behavioral Modes Using Sensor Data
cs.LG
The field of Movement Ecology, like so many other fields, is experiencing a period of rapid growth in availability of data. As the volume rises, traditional methods are giving way to machine learning and data science, which are playing an increasingly large part it turning this data into science-driving insights. One r...
computer science
32,920
MuProp: Unbiased Backpropagation for Stochastic Neural Networks
cs.LG
Deep neural networks are powerful parametric models that can be trained efficiently using the backpropagation algorithm. Stochastic neural networks combine the power of large parametric functions with that of graphical models, which makes it possible to learn very complex distributions. However, as backpropagation is n...
computer science
32,921
Binary embeddings with structured hashed projections
cs.LG
We consider the hashing mechanism for constructing binary embeddings, that involves pseudo-random projections followed by nonlinear (sign function) mappings. The pseudo-random projection is described by a matrix, where not all entries are independent random variables but instead a fixed "budget of randomness" is distri...
computer science
32,922
Constant Time EXPected Similarity Estimation using Stochastic Optimization
cs.LG
A new algorithm named EXPected Similarity Estimation (EXPoSE) was recently proposed to solve the problem of large-scale anomaly detection. It is a non-parametric and distribution free kernel method based on the Hilbert space embedding of probability measures. Given a dataset of $n$ samples, EXPoSE needs only $\mathcal{...
computer science
32,923
Net2Net: Accelerating Learning via Knowledge Transfer
cs.LG
We introduce techniques for rapidly transferring the information stored in one neural net into another neural net. The main purpose is to accelerate the training of a significantly larger neural net. During real-world workflows, one often trains very many different neural networks during the experimentation and design ...
computer science
32,924
Adversarial Autoencoders
cs.LG
In this paper, we propose the "adversarial autoencoder" (AAE), which is a probabilistic autoencoder that uses the recently proposed generative adversarial networks (GAN) to perform variational inference by matching the aggregated posterior of the hidden code vector of the autoencoder with an arbitrary prior distributio...
computer science
32,925
Why are deep nets reversible: A simple theory, with implications for training
cs.LG
Generative models for deep learning are promising both to improve understanding of the model, and yield training methods requiring fewer labeled samples. Recent works use generative model approaches to produce the deep net's input given the value of a hidden layer several levels above. However, there is no accompanyi...
computer science
32,926
Expressiveness of Rectifier Networks
cs.LG
Rectified Linear Units (ReLUs) have been shown to ameliorate the vanishing gradient problem, allow for efficient backpropagation, and empirically promote sparsity in the learned parameters. They have led to state-of-the-art results in a variety of applications. However, unlike threshold and sigmoid networks, ReLU netwo...
computer science
32,927
A Distribution Adaptive Framework for Prediction Interval Estimation Using Nominal Variables
cs.LG
Proposed methods for prediction interval estimation so far focus on cases where input variables are numerical. In datasets with solely nominal input variables, we observe records with the exact same input $x^u$, but different real valued outputs due to the inherent noise in the system. Existing prediction interval esti...
computer science
32,928
Complex-Valued Gaussian Processes for Regression
cs.LG
In this paper we propose a novel Bayesian solution for nonlinear regression in complex fields. Previous solutions for kernels methods usually assume a complexification approach, where the real-valued kernel is replaced by a complex-valued one. This approach is limited. Based on results in complex-valued linear theory a...
computer science
32,929
Sparse learning of maximum likelihood model for optimization of complex loss function
cs.LG
Traditional machine learning methods usually minimize a simple loss function to learn a predictive model, and then use a complex performance measure to measure the prediction performance. However, minimizing a simple loss function cannot guarantee that an optimal performance. In this paper, we study the problem of opti...
computer science
32,930
Metric learning approach for graph-based label propagation
cs.LG
The efficiency of graph-based semi-supervised algorithms depends on the graph of instances on which they are applied. The instances are often in a vectorial form before a graph linking them is built. The construction of the graph relies on a metric over the vectorial space that help define the weight of the connection ...
computer science
32,931
Seeding K-Means using Method of Moments
cs.LG
K-means is one of the most widely used algorithms for clustering in Data Mining applications, which attempts to minimize the sum of the square of the Euclidean distance of the points in the clusters from the respective means of the clusters. However, K-means suffers from local minima problem and is not guaranteed to co...
computer science
32,932
Doctor AI: Predicting Clinical Events via Recurrent Neural Networks
cs.LG
Leveraging large historical data in electronic health record (EHR), we developed Doctor AI, a generic predictive model that covers observed medical conditions and medication uses. Doctor AI is a temporal model using recurrent neural networks (RNN) and was developed and applied to longitudinal time stamped EHR data from...
computer science
32,933
Staleness-aware Async-SGD for Distributed Deep Learning
cs.LG
Deep neural networks have been shown to achieve state-of-the-art performance in several machine learning tasks. Stochastic Gradient Descent (SGD) is the preferred optimization algorithm for training these networks and asynchronous SGD (ASGD) has been widely adopted for accelerating the training of large-scale deep netw...
computer science
32,934
Prioritized Experience Replay
cs.LG
Experience replay lets online reinforcement learning agents remember and reuse experiences from the past. In prior work, experience transitions were uniformly sampled from a replay memory. However, this approach simply replays transitions at the same frequency that they were originally experienced, regardless of their ...
computer science
32,935
Asymmetrically Weighted CCA And Hierarchical Kernel Sentence Embedding For Image & Text Retrieval
cs.LG
Joint modeling of language and vision has been drawing increasing interest. A multimodal data representation allowing for bidirectional retrieval of images by sentences and vice versa is a key aspect. In this paper we present three contributions in canonical correlation analysis (CCA) based multimodal retrieval. Firstl...
computer science
32,936
Policy Distillation
cs.LG
Policies for complex visual tasks have been successfully learned with deep reinforcement learning, using an approach called deep Q-networks (DQN), but relatively large (task-specific) networks and extensive training are needed to achieve good performance. In this work, we present a novel method called policy distillati...
computer science
32,937
Conditional Computation in Neural Networks for faster models
cs.LG
Deep learning has become the state-of-art tool in many applications, but the evaluation and training of deep models can be time-consuming and computationally expensive. The conditional computation approach has been proposed to tackle this problem (Bengio et al., 2013; Davis & Arel, 2013). It operates by selectively act...
computer science
32,938
Manifold Regularized Discriminative Neural Networks
cs.LG
Unregularized deep neural networks (DNNs) can be easily overfit with a limited sample size. We argue that this is mostly due to the disriminative nature of DNNs which directly model the conditional probability (or score) of labels given the input. The ignorance of input distribution makes DNNs difficult to generalize t...
computer science
32,939
Efficient Sum of Outer Products Dictionary Learning (SOUP-DIL) and Its Application to Inverse Problems
cs.LG
The sparsity of signals in a transform domain or dictionary has been exploited in applications such as compression, denoising and inverse problems. More recently, data-driven adaptation of synthesis dictionaries has shown promise compared to analytical dictionary models. However, dictionary learning problems are typica...
computer science
32,940
Actor-Mimic: Deep Multitask and Transfer Reinforcement Learning
cs.LG
The ability to act in multiple environments and transfer previous knowledge to new situations can be considered a critical aspect of any intelligent agent. Towards this goal, we define a novel method of multitask and transfer learning that enables an autonomous agent to learn how to behave in multiple tasks simultaneou...
computer science
32,941
Fixed Point Quantization of Deep Convolutional Networks
cs.LG
In recent years increasingly complex architectures for deep convolution networks (DCNs) have been proposed to boost the performance on image recognition tasks. However, the gains in performance have come at a cost of substantial increase in computation and model storage resources. Fixed point implementation of DCNs has...
computer science
32,942
Denoising Criterion for Variational Auto-Encoding Framework
cs.LG
Denoising autoencoders (DAE) are trained to reconstruct their clean inputs with noise injected at the input level, while variational autoencoders (VAE) are trained with noise injected in their stochastic hidden layer, with a regularizer that encourages this noise injection. In this paper, we show that injecting noise b...
computer science
32,943
Training Deep Neural Networks via Direct Loss Minimization
cs.LG
Supervised training of deep neural nets typically relies on minimizing cross-entropy. However, in many domains, we are interested in performing well on metrics specific to the application. In this paper we propose a direct loss minimization approach to train deep neural networks, which provably minimizes the applicatio...
computer science
32,944
All you need is a good init
cs.LG
Layer-sequential unit-variance (LSUV) initialization - a simple method for weight initialization for deep net learning - is proposed. The method consists of the two steps. First, pre-initialize weights of each convolution or inner-product layer with orthonormal matrices. Second, proceed from the first to the final laye...
computer science
32,945
Deconstructing the Ladder Network Architecture
cs.LG
The Manual labeling of data is and will remain a costly endeavor. For this reason, semi-supervised learning remains a topic of practical importance. The recently proposed Ladder Network is one such approach that has proven to be very successful. In addition to the supervised objective, the Ladder Network also adds an u...
computer science
32,946
Blending LSTMs into CNNs
cs.LG
We consider whether deep convolutional networks (CNNs) can represent decision functions with similar accuracy as recurrent networks such as LSTMs. First, we show that a deep CNN with an architecture inspired by the models recently introduced in image recognition can yield better accuracy than previous convolutional and...
computer science
32,947
Comparative Study of Deep Learning Software Frameworks
cs.LG
Deep learning methods have resulted in significant performance improvements in several application domains and as such several software frameworks have been developed to facilitate their implementation. This paper presents a comparative study of five deep learning frameworks, namely Caffe, Neon, TensorFlow, Theano, and...
computer science
32,948
Towards Principled Unsupervised Learning
cs.LG
General unsupervised learning is a long-standing conceptual problem in machine learning. Supervised learning is successful because it can be solved by the minimization of the training error cost function. Unsupervised learning is not as successful, because the unsupervised objective may be unrelated to the supervised t...
computer science
32,949
Task Loss Estimation for Sequence Prediction
cs.LG
Often, the performance on a supervised machine learning task is evaluated with a emph{task loss} function that cannot be optimized directly. Examples of such loss functions include the classification error, the edit distance and the BLEU score. A common workaround for this problem is to instead optimize a emph{surrogat...
computer science
32,950
On the energy landscape of deep networks
cs.LG
We introduce "AnnealSGD", a regularized stochastic gradient descent algorithm motivated by an analysis of the energy landscape of a particular class of deep networks with sparse random weights. The loss function of such networks can be approximated by the Hamiltonian of a spherical spin glass with Gaussian coupling. Wh...
computer science
32,951
Dueling Network Architectures for Deep Reinforcement Learning
cs.LG
In recent years there have been many successes of using deep representations in reinforcement learning. Still, many of these applications use conventional architectures, such as convolutional networks, LSTMs, or auto-encoders. In this paper, we present a new neural network architecture for model-free reinforcement lear...
computer science
32,952
Data Representation and Compression Using Linear-Programming Approximations
cs.LG
We propose `Dracula', a new framework for unsupervised feature selection from sequential data such as text. Dracula learns a dictionary of $n$-grams that efficiently compresses a given corpus and recursively compresses its own dictionary; in effect, Dracula is a `deep' extension of Compressive Feature Learning. It requ...
computer science
32,953
Modeling the Temporal Nature of Human Behavior for Demographics Prediction
cs.LG
Mobile phone metadata is increasingly used for humanitarian purposes in developing countries as traditional data is scarce. Basic demographic information is however often absent from mobile phone datasets, limiting the operational impact of the datasets. For these reasons, there has been a growing interest in predictin...
computer science
32,954
Scalable Gradient-Based Tuning of Continuous Regularization Hyperparameters
cs.LG
Hyperparameter selection generally relies on running multiple full training trials, with selection based on validation set performance. We propose a gradient-based approach for locally adjusting hyperparameters during training of the model. Hyperparameters are adjusted so as to make the model parameter gradients, and h...
computer science
32,955
Data-Dependent Path Normalization in Neural Networks
cs.LG
We propose a unified framework for neural net normalization, regularization and optimization, which includes Path-SGD and Batch-Normalization and interpolates between them across two different dimensions. Through this framework we investigate issue of invariance of the optimization, data dependence and the connection w...
computer science
32,956
Online Semi-Supervised Learning with Deep Hybrid Boltzmann Machines and Denoising Autoencoders
cs.LG
Two novel deep hybrid architectures, the Deep Hybrid Boltzmann Machine and the Deep Hybrid Denoising Auto-encoder, are proposed for handling semi-supervised learning problems. The models combine experts that model relevant distributions at different levels of abstraction to improve overall predictive performance on dis...
computer science
32,957
Multiple--Instance Learning: Christoffel Function Approach to Distribution Regression Problem
cs.LG
A two--step Christoffel function based solution is proposed to distribution regression problem. On the first step, to model distribution of observations inside a bag, build Christoffel function for each bag of observations. Then, on the second step, build outcome variable Christoffel function, but use the bag's Christo...
computer science
32,958
On the Generalization Error Bounds of Neural Networks under Diversity-Inducing Mutual Angular Regularization
cs.LG
Recently diversity-inducing regularization methods for latent variable models (LVMs), which encourage the components in LVMs to be diverse, have been studied to address several issues involved in latent variable modeling: (1) how to capture long-tail patterns underlying data; (2) how to reduce model complexity without ...
computer science
32,959
Cascading Denoising Auto-Encoder as a Deep Directed Generative Model
cs.LG
Recent work (Bengio et al., 2013) has shown howDenoising Auto-Encoders(DAE) become gener-ative models as a density estimator. However,in practice, the framework suffers from a mixingproblem in the MCMC sampling process and nodirect method to estimate the test log-likelihood.We consider a directed model with an stochas-...
computer science
32,960
Fast and Accurate Deep Network Learning by Exponential Linear Units (ELUs)
cs.LG
We introduce the "exponential linear unit" (ELU) which speeds up learning in deep neural networks and leads to higher classification accuracies. Like rectified linear units (ReLUs), leaky ReLUs (LReLUs) and parametrized ReLUs (PReLUs), ELUs alleviate the vanishing gradient problem via the identity for positive values. ...
computer science
32,961
Modular Autoencoders for Ensemble Feature Extraction
cs.LG
We introduce the concept of a Modular Autoencoder (MAE), capable of learning a set of diverse but complementary representations from unlabelled data, that can later be used for supervised tasks. The learning of the representations is controlled by a trade off parameter, and we show on six benchmark datasets the optimum...
computer science
32,962
Weak Convergence Properties of Constrained Emphatic Temporal-difference Learning with Constant and Slowly Diminishing Stepsize
cs.LG
We consider the emphatic temporal-difference (TD) algorithm, ETD($\lambda$), for learning the value functions of stationary policies in a discounted, finite state and action Markov decision process. The ETD($\lambda$) algorithm was recently proposed by Sutton, Mahmood, and White to solve a long-standing divergence prob...
computer science
32,963
Temporal Convolutional Neural Networks for Diagnosis from Lab Tests
cs.LG
Early diagnosis of treatable diseases is essential for improving healthcare, and many diseases' onsets are predictable from annual lab tests and their temporal trends. We introduce a multi-resolution convolutional neural network for early detection of multiple diseases from irregularly measured sparse lab values. Our n...
computer science
32,964
Learning Halfspaces and Neural Networks with Random Initialization
cs.LG
We study non-convex empirical risk minimization for learning halfspaces and neural networks. For loss functions that are $L$-Lipschitz continuous, we present algorithms to learn halfspaces and multi-layer neural networks that achieve arbitrarily small excess risk $\epsilon>0$. The time complexity is polynomial in the i...
computer science
32,965
Efficient Sum of Outer Products Dictionary Learning (SOUP-DIL) - The $\ell_0$ Method
cs.LG
The sparsity of natural signals and images in a transform domain or dictionary has been extensively exploited in several applications such as compression, denoising and inverse problems. More recently, data-driven adaptation of synthesis dictionaries has shown promise in many applications compared to fixed or analytica...
computer science
32,966
How do the naive Bayes classifier and the Support Vector Machine compare in their ability to forecast the Stock Exchange of Thailand?
cs.LG
This essay investigates the question of how the naive Bayes classifier and the support vector machine compare in their ability to forecast the Stock Exchange of Thailand. The theory behind the SVM and the naive Bayes classifier is explored. The algorithms are trained using data from the month of January 2010, extracted...
computer science
32,967
Multiple-Instance Learning: Radon-Nikodym Approach to Distribution Regression Problem
cs.LG
For distribution regression problem, where a bag of $x$--observations is mapped to a single $y$ value, a one--step solution is proposed. The problem of random distribution to random value is transformed to random vector to random value by taking distribution moments of $x$ observations in a bag as random vector. Then R...
computer science
32,968
Scalable and Accurate Online Feature Selection for Big Data
cs.LG
Feature selection is important in many big data applications. Two critical challenges closely associate with big data. Firstly, in many big data applications, the dimensionality is extremely high, in millions, and keeps growing. Secondly, big data applications call for highly scalable feature selection algorithms in an...
computer science
32,969
Reinforcement Learning Applied to an Electric Water Heater: From Theory to Practice
cs.LG
Electric water heaters have the ability to store energy in their water buffer without impacting the comfort of the end user. This feature makes them a prime candidate for residential demand response. However, the stochastic and nonlinear dynamics of electric water heaters, makes it challenging to harness their flexibil...
computer science
32,970
Centroid Based Binary Tree Structured SVM for Multi Classification
cs.LG
Support Vector Machines (SVMs) were primarily designed for 2-class classification. But they have been extended for N-class classification also based on the requirement of multiclasses in the practical applications. Although N-class classification using SVM has considerable research attention, getting minimum number of ...
computer science
32,971
State of the Art Control of Atari Games Using Shallow Reinforcement Learning
cs.LG
The recently introduced Deep Q-Networks (DQN) algorithm has gained attention as one of the first successful combinations of deep neural networks and reinforcement learning. Its promise was demonstrated in the Arcade Learning Environment (ALE), a challenging framework composed of dozens of Atari 2600 games used to evalu...
computer science
32,972
Deep Attention Recurrent Q-Network
cs.LG
A deep learning approach to reinforcement learning led to a general learner able to train on visual input to play a variety of arcade games at the human and superhuman levels. Its creators at the Google DeepMind's team called the approach: Deep Q-Network (DQN). We present an extension of DQN by "soft" and "hard" attent...
computer science
32,973
Similarity Learning via Adaptive Regression and Its Application to Image Retrieval
cs.LG
We study the problem of similarity learning and its application to image retrieval with large-scale data. The similarity between pairs of images can be measured by the distances between their high dimensional representations, and the problem of learning the appropriate similarity is often addressed by distance metric l...
computer science
32,974
Rademacher Complexity of the Restricted Boltzmann Machine
cs.LG
Boltzmann machine, as a fundamental construction block of deep belief network and deep Boltzmann machines, is widely used in deep learning community and great success has been achieved. However, theoretical understanding of many aspects of it is still far from clear. In this paper, we studied the Rademacher complexity ...
computer science
32,975
Risk Minimization in Structured Prediction using Orbit Loss
cs.LG
We introduce a new surrogate loss function called orbit loss in the structured prediction framework, which has good theoretical and practical advantages. While the orbit loss is not convex, it has a simple analytical gradient and a simple perceptron-like learning rule. We analyze the new loss theoretically and state a ...
computer science
32,976
The Teaching Dimension of Linear Learners
cs.LG
Teaching dimension is a learning theoretic quantity that specifies the minimum training set size to teach a target model to a learner. Previous studies on teaching dimension focused on version-space learners which maintain all hypotheses consistent with the training data, and cannot be applied to modern machine learner...
computer science
32,977
Online Crowdsourcing
cs.LG
With the success of modern internet based platform, such as Amazon Mechanical Turk, it is now normal to collect a large number of hand labeled samples from non-experts. The Dawid- Skene algorithm, which is based on Expectation- Maximization update, has been widely used for inferring the true labels from noisy crowdsour...
computer science
32,978
Online Gradient Descent in Function Space
cs.LG
In many problems in machine learning and operations research, we need to optimize a function whose input is a random variable or a probability density function, i.e. to solve optimization problems in an infinite dimensional space. On the other hand, online learning has the advantage of dealing with streaming examples, ...
computer science
32,979
Gated networks: an inventory
cs.LG
Gated networks are networks that contain gating connections, in which the outputs of at least two neurons are multiplied. Initially, gated networks were used to learn relationships between two input sources, such as pixels from two images. More recently, they have been applied to learning activity recognition or multi-...
computer science
32,980
Active Distance-Based Clustering using K-medoids
cs.LG
k-medoids algorithm is a partitional, centroid-based clustering algorithm which uses pairwise distances of data points and tries to directly decompose the dataset with $n$ points into a set of $k$ disjoint clusters. However, k-medoids itself requires all distances between data points that are not so easy to get in many...
computer science
32,981
L1-Regularized Distributed Optimization: A Communication-Efficient Primal-Dual Framework
cs.LG
Despite the importance of sparsity in many large-scale applications, there are few methods for distributed optimization of sparsity-inducing objectives. In this paper, we present a communication-efficient framework for L1-regularized optimization in the distributed environment. By viewing classical objectives in a more...
computer science
32,982
Automatic Incident Classification for Big Traffic Data by Adaptive Boosting SVM
cs.LG
Modern cities experience heavy traffic flows and congestions regularly across space and time. Monitoring traffic situations becomes an important challenge for the Traffic Control and Surveillance Systems (TCSS). In advanced TCSS, it is helpful to automatically detect and classify different traffic incidents such as sev...
computer science
32,983
Memory-based control with recurrent neural networks
cs.LG
Partially observed control problems are a challenging aspect of reinforcement learning. We extend two related, model-free algorithms for continuous control -- deterministic policy gradient and stochastic value gradient -- to solve partially observed domains using recurrent neural networks trained with backpropagation t...
computer science
32,984
Semisupervised Autoencoder for Sentiment Analysis
cs.LG
In this paper, we investigate the usage of autoencoders in modeling textual data. Traditional autoencoders suffer from at least two aspects: scalability with the high dimensionality of vocabulary size and dealing with task-irrelevant words. We address this problem by introducing supervision via the loss function of aut...
computer science
32,985
Über die Klassifizierung von Knoten in dynamischen Netzwerken mit Inhalt
cs.LG
This paper explains the DYCOS-Algorithm as it was introduced in by Aggarwal and Li in 2011. It operates on graphs whichs nodes are partially labeled and automatically adds missing labels to nodes. To do so, the DYCOS algorithm makes use of the structure of the graph as well as content which is assigned to the node. Agg...
computer science
32,986
Dropout Training of Matrix Factorization and Autoencoder for Link Prediction in Sparse Graphs
cs.LG
Matrix factorization (MF) and Autoencoder (AE) are among the most successful approaches of unsupervised learning. While MF based models have been extensively exploited in the graph modeling and link prediction literature, the AE family has not gained much attention. In this paper we investigate both MF and AE's applica...
computer science
32,987
A Light Touch for Heavily Constrained SGD
cs.LG
Minimizing empirical risk subject to a set of constraints can be a useful strategy for learning restricted classes of functions, such as monotonic functions, submodular functions, classifiers that guarantee a certain class label for some subset of examples, etc. However, these restrictions may result in a very large nu...
computer science
32,988
Learning Games and Rademacher Observations Losses
cs.LG
It has recently been shown that supervised learning with the popular logistic loss is equivalent to optimizing the exponential loss over sufficient statistics about the class: Rademacher observations (rados). We first show that this unexpected equivalence can actually be generalized to other example / rado losses, with...
computer science
32,989
Successive Ray Refinement and Its Application to Coordinate Descent for LASSO
cs.LG
Coordinate descent is one of the most popular approaches for solving Lasso and its extensions due to its simplicity and efficiency. When applying coordinate descent to solving Lasso, we update one coordinate at a time while fixing the remaining coordinates. Such an update, which is usually easy to compute, greedily dec...
computer science
32,990
Discriminative Subnetworks with Regularized Spectral Learning for Global-state Network Data
cs.LG
Data mining practitioners are facing challenges from data with network structure. In this paper, we address a specific class of global-state networks which comprises of a set of network instances sharing a similar structure yet having different values at local nodes. Each instance is associated with a global state whic...
computer science
32,991
Behavioral Modeling for Churn Prediction: Early Indicators and Accurate Predictors of Custom Defection and Loyalty
cs.LG
Churn prediction, or the task of identifying customers who are likely to discontinue use of a service, is an important and lucrative concern of firms in many different industries. As these firms collect an increasing amount of large-scale, heterogeneous data on the characteristics and behaviors of customers, new method...
computer science
32,992
Predicting the Co-Evolution of Event and Knowledge Graphs
cs.LG
Embedding learning, a.k.a. representation learning, has been shown to be able to model large-scale semantic knowledge graphs. A key concept is a mapping of the knowledge graph to a tensor representation whose entries are predicted by models using latent representations of generalized entities. Knowledge graphs are typi...
computer science
32,993
A C++ library for Multimodal Deep Learning
cs.LG
MDL, Multimodal Deep Learning Library, is a deep learning framework that supports multiple models, and this document explains its philosophy and functionality. MDL runs on Linux, Mac, and Unix platforms. It depends on OpenCV.
computer science
32,994
Move from Perturbed scheme to exponential weighting average
cs.LG
In an online decision problem, one makes decisions often with a pool of decision sequence called experts but without knowledge of the future. After each step, one pays a cost based on the decision and observed rate. One reasonal goal would be to perform as well as the best expert in the pool. The modern and well-known ...
computer science
32,995
Fast Parallel SVM using Data Augmentation
cs.LG
As one of the most popular classifiers, linear SVMs still have challenges in dealing with very large-scale problems, even though linear or sub-linear algorithms have been developed recently on single machines. Parallel computing methods have been developed for learning large-scale SVMs. However, existing methods rely o...
computer science
32,996
Context-Based Prediction of App Usage
cs.LG
There are around a hundred installed apps on an average smartphone. The high number of apps and the limited number of app icons that can be displayed on the device's screen requires a new paradigm to address their visibility to the user. In this paper we propose a new online algorithm for dynamically predicting a set o...
computer science
32,997
An unsupervised spatiotemporal graphical modeling approach to anomaly detection in distributed CPS
cs.LG
Modern distributed cyber-physical systems (CPSs) encounter a large variety of physical faults and cyber anomalies and in many cases, they are vulnerable to catastrophic fault propagation scenarios due to strong connectivity among the sub-systems. This paper presents a new data-driven framework for system-wide anomaly d...
computer science
32,998
The Utility of Abstaining in Binary Classification
cs.LG
We explore the problem of binary classification in machine learning, with a twist - the classifier is allowed to abstain on any datum, professing ignorance about the true class label without committing to any prediction. This is directly motivated by applications like medical diagnosis and fraud risk assessment, in whi...
computer science
32,999
Electricity Demand Forecasting by Multi-Task Learning
cs.LG
We explore the application of kernel-based multi-task learning techniques to forecast the demand of electricity in multiple nodes of a distribution network. We show that recently developed output kernel learning techniques are particularly well suited to solve this problem, as they allow to flexibly model the complex s...
computer science
33,000
High performance ultra-low-precision convolutions on mobile devices
cs.LG
Many applications of mobile deep learning, especially real-time computer vision workloads, are constrained by computation power. This is particularly true for workloads running on older consumer phones, where a typical device might be powered by a single- or dual-core ARMv7 CPU. We provide an open-source implementation...
computer science
33,001
HyperPower: Power- and Memory-Constrained Hyper-Parameter Optimization for Neural Networks
cs.LG
While selecting the hyper-parameters of Neural Networks (NNs) has been so far treated as an art, the emergence of more complex, deeper architectures poses increasingly more challenges to designers and Machine Learning (ML) practitioners, especially when power and memory constraints need to be considered. In this work, ...
computer science