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33,002
Deep Primal-Dual Reinforcement Learning: Accelerating Actor-Critic using Bellman Duality
cs.LG
We develop a parameterized Primal-Dual $\pi$ Learning method based on deep neural networks for Markov decision process with large state space and off-policy reinforcement learning. In contrast to the popular Q-learning and actor-critic methods that are based on successive approximations to the nonlinear Bellman equatio...
computer science
33,003
Semi-Supervised Learning with IPM-based GANs: an Empirical Study
cs.LG
We present an empirical investigation of a recent class of Generative Adversarial Networks (GANs) using Integral Probability Metrics (IPM) and their performance for semi-supervised learning. IPM-based GANs like Wasserstein GAN, Fisher GAN and Sobolev GAN have desirable properties in terms of theoretical understanding, ...
computer science
33,004
Nonconvex Sparse Spectral Clustering by Alternating Direction Method of Multipliers and Its Convergence Analysis
cs.LG
Spectral Clustering (SC) is a widely used data clustering method which first learns a low-dimensional embedding $U$ of data by computing the eigenvectors of the normalized Laplacian matrix, and then performs k-means on $U^\top$ to get the final clustering result. The Sparse Spectral Clustering (SSC) method extends SC w...
computer science
33,005
Artificial Neural Networks that Learn to Satisfy Logic Constraints
cs.LG
Logic-based problems such as planning, theorem proving, or puzzles, typically involve combinatoric search and structured knowledge representation. Artificial neural networks are very successful statistical learners, however, for many years, they have been criticized for their weaknesses in representing and in processin...
computer science
33,006
A General Memory-Bounded Learning Algorithm
cs.LG
In an era of big data there is a growing need for memory-bounded learning algorithms. In the last few years researchers have investigated what cannot be learned under memory constraints. In this paper we focus on the complementary question of what can be learned under memory constraints. We show that if a hypothesis cl...
computer science
33,007
Deep Reinforcement Learning Boosted by External Knowledge
cs.LG
Recent improvements in deep reinforcement learning have allowed to solve problems in many 2D domains such as Atari games. However, in complex 3D environments, numerous learning episodes are required which may be too time consuming or even impossible especially in real-world scenarios. We present a new architecture to c...
computer science
33,008
Learning From Noisy Singly-labeled Data
cs.LG
Supervised learning depends on annotated examples, which are taken to be the \emph{ground truth}. But these labels often come from noisy crowdsourcing platforms, like Amazon Mechanical Turk. Practitioners typically collect multiple labels per example and aggregate the results to mitigate noise (the classic crowdsourcin...
computer science
33,009
Deep Neural Networks as 0-1 Mixed Integer Linear Programs: A Feasibility Study
cs.LG
Deep Neural Networks (DNNs) are very popular these days, and are the subject of a very intense investigation. A DNN is made by layers of internal units (or neurons), each of which computes an affine combination of the output of the units in the previous layer, applies a nonlinear operator, and outputs the corresponding...
computer science
33,010
Squeezed Convolutional Variational AutoEncoder for Unsupervised Anomaly Detection in Edge Device Industrial Internet of Things
cs.LG
In this paper, we propose Squeezed Convolutional Variational AutoEncoder (SCVAE) for anomaly detection in time series data for Edge Computing in Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT). The proposed model is applied to labeled time series data from UCI datasets for exact performance evaluation, and applied to real world d...
computer science
33,011
A Shapelet Transform for Multivariate Time Series Classification
cs.LG
Shapelets are phase independent subsequences designed for time series classification. We propose three adaptations to the Shapelet Transform (ST) to capture multivariate features in multivariate time series classification. We create a unified set of data to benchmark our work on, and compare with three other algorithms...
computer science
33,012
On Wasserstein Reinforcement Learning and the Fokker-Planck equation
cs.LG
Policy gradients methods often achieve better performance when the change in policy is limited to a small Kullback-Leibler divergence. We derive policy gradients where the change in policy is limited to a small Wasserstein distance (or trust region). This is done in the discrete and continuous multi-armed bandit settin...
computer science
33,013
Linear Time Clustering for High Dimensional Mixtures of Gaussian Clouds
cs.LG
Clustering mixtures of Gaussian distributions is a fundamental and challenging problem that is ubiquitous in various high-dimensional data processing tasks. While state-of-the-art work on learning Gaussian mixture models has focused primarily on improving separation bounds and their generalization to arbitrary classes ...
computer science
33,014
DropMax: Adaptive Variational Softmax
cs.LG
We propose DropMax, a stochastic version of softmax classifier which at each iteration drops non-target classes according to dropout probabilities adaptively decided for each instance. Specifically, we overlay binary masking variables over class output probabilities, which are input-adaptively learned via variational i...
computer science
33,015
Estimating the Success of Unsupervised Image to Image Translation
cs.LG
While in supervised learning, the validation error is an unbiased estimator of the generalization (test) error and complexity-based generalization bounds are abundant, no such bounds exist for learning a mapping in an unsupervised way. As a result, when training GANs and specifically when using GANs for learning to map...
computer science
33,016
Learning the Kernel for Classification and Regression
cs.LG
We investigate a series of learning kernel problems with polynomial combinations of base kernels, which will help us solve regression and classification problems. We also perform some numerical experiments of polynomial kernels with regression and classification tasks on different datasets.
computer science
33,017
A short variational proof of equivalence between policy gradients and soft Q learning
cs.LG
Two main families of reinforcement learning algorithms, Q-learning and policy gradients, have recently been proven to be equivalent when using a softmax relaxation on one part, and an entropic regularization on the other. We relate this result to the well-known convex duality of Shannon entropy and the softmax function...
computer science
33,018
Online Forecasting Matrix Factorization
cs.LG
In this paper the problem of forecasting high dimensional time series is considered. Such time series can be modeled as matrices where each column denotes a measurement. In addition, when missing values are present, low rank matrix factorization approaches are suitable for predicting future values. This paper formally ...
computer science
33,019
Transfer Regression via Pairwise Similarity Regularization
cs.LG
Transfer learning methods address the situation where little labeled training data from the "target" problem exists, but much training data from a related "source" domain is available. However, the overwhelming majority of transfer learning methods are designed for simple settings where the source and target predictive...
computer science
33,020
Learning to Run with Actor-Critic Ensemble
cs.LG
We introduce an Actor-Critic Ensemble(ACE) method for improving the performance of Deep Deterministic Policy Gradient(DDPG) algorithm. At inference time, our method uses a critic ensemble to select the best action from proposals of multiple actors running in parallel. By having a larger candidate set, our method can av...
computer science
33,021
Strongly Hierarchical Factorization Machines and ANOVA Kernel Regression
cs.LG
High-order parametric models that include terms for feature interactions are applied to various data mining tasks, where ground truth depends on interactions of features. However, with sparse data, the high- dimensional parameters for feature interactions often face three issues: expensive computation, difficulty in pa...
computer science
33,022
Differentially Private Matrix Completion, Revisited
cs.LG
We study the problem of privacy-preserving collaborative filtering where the objective is to reconstruct the entire users-items preference matrix using a few observed preferences of users for some of the items. Furthermore, the collaborative filtering algorithm should reconstruct the preference matrix while preserving ...
computer science
33,023
Gradient Regularization Improves Accuracy of Discriminative Models
cs.LG
Regularizing the gradient norm of the output of a neural network with respect to its inputs is a powerful technique, first proposed by Drucker & LeCun (1991) who named it Double Backpropagation. The idea has been independently rediscovered several times since then, most often with the goal of making models robust again...
computer science
33,024
The Multilinear Structure of ReLU Networks
cs.LG
We study the loss surface of neural networks equipped with a hinge loss criterion and ReLU or leaky ReLU nonlinearities. Any such network defines a piecewise multilinear form in parameter space, and as a consequence, optima of such networks generically occur in non-differentiable regions of parameter space. Any underst...
computer science
33,025
Boosting the Actor with Dual Critic
cs.LG
This paper proposes a new actor-critic-style algorithm called Dual Actor-Critic or Dual-AC. It is derived in a principled way from the Lagrangian dual form of the Bellman optimality equation, which can be viewed as a two-player game between the actor and a critic-like function, which is named as dual critic. Compared t...
computer science
33,026
Smoothed Dual Embedding Control
cs.LG
We revisit the Bellman optimality equation with Nesterov's smoothing technique and provide a unique saddle-point optimization perspective of the policy optimization problem in reinforcement learning based on Fenchel duality. A new reinforcement learning algorithm, called Smoothed Dual Embedding Control or SDEC, is deri...
computer science
33,027
Theory of Deep Learning III: explaining the non-overfitting puzzle
cs.LG
A main puzzle of deep networks revolves around the absence of overfitting despite large overparametrization and despite the large capacity demonstrated by zero training error on randomly labeled data. In this note, we show that the dynamics associated to gradient descent minimization of nonlinear networks is topologica...
computer science
33,028
Error-Robust Multi-View Clustering
cs.LG
In the era of big data, data may come from multiple sources, known as multi-view data. Multi-view clustering aims at generating better clusters by exploiting complementary and consistent information from multiple views rather than relying on the individual view. Due to inevitable system errors caused by data-captured s...
computer science
33,029
Polynomial-based rotation invariant features
cs.LG
One of basic difficulties of machine learning is handling unknown rotations of objects, for example in image recognition. A related problem is evaluation of similarity of shapes, for example of two chemical molecules, for which direct approach requires costly pairwise rotation alignment and comparison. Rotation invaria...
computer science
33,030
Predicting Chronic Disease Hospitalizations from Electronic Health Records: An Interpretable Classification Approach
cs.LG
Urban living in modern large cities has significant adverse effects on health, increasing the risk of several chronic diseases. We focus on the two leading clusters of chronic disease, heart disease and diabetes, and develop data-driven methods to predict hospitalizations due to these conditions. We base these predicti...
computer science
33,031
Learning $3$D-FilterMap for Deep Convolutional Neural Networks
cs.LG
We present a novel and compact architecture for deep Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) in this paper, termed $3$D-FilterMap Convolutional Neural Networks ($3$D-FM-CNNs). The convolution layer of $3$D-FM-CNN learns a compact representation of the filters, named $3$D-FilterMap, instead of a set of independent filters ...
computer science
33,032
Deep Bidirectional and Unidirectional LSTM Recurrent Neural Network for Network-wide Traffic Speed Prediction
cs.LG
Short-term traffic forecasting based on deep learning methods, especially long short-term memory (LSTM) neural networks, has received much attention in recent years. However, the potential of deep learning methods in traffic forecasting has not yet fully been exploited in terms of the depth of the model architecture, t...
computer science
33,033
Covariant Compositional Networks For Learning Graphs
cs.LG
Most existing neural networks for learning graphs address permutation invariance by conceiving of the network as a message passing scheme, where each node sums the feature vectors coming from its neighbors. We argue that this imposes a limitation on their representation power, and instead propose a new general architec...
computer science
33,034
Theory of Deep Learning IIb: Optimization Properties of SGD
cs.LG
In Theory IIb we characterize with a mix of theory and experiments the optimization of deep convolutional networks by Stochastic Gradient Descent. The main new result in this paper is theoretical and experimental evidence for the following conjecture about SGD: SGD concentrates in probability -- like the classical Lang...
computer science
33,035
A Machine Learning Framework for Register Placement Optimization in Digital Circuit Design
cs.LG
In modern digital circuit back-end design, designers heavily rely on electronic-design-automoation (EDA) tool to close timing. However, the heuristic algorithms used in the place and route tool usually does not result in optimal solution. Thus, significant design effort is used to tune parameters or provide user constr...
computer science
33,036
Graph Memory Networks for Molecular Activity Prediction
cs.LG
Molecular activity prediction is critical in drug design. Machine learning techniques such as kernel methods and random forests have been successful for this task. These models require fixed-size feature vectors as input while the molecules are variable in size and structure. As a result, fixed-size fingerprint represe...
computer science
33,037
Modeling urbanization patterns with generative adversarial networks
cs.LG
In this study we propose a new method to simulate hyper-realistic urban patterns using Generative Adversarial Networks trained with a global urban land-use inventory. We generated a synthetic urban "universe" that qualitatively reproduces the complex spatial organization observed in global urban patterns, while being a...
computer science
33,038
Compressing Deep Neural Networks: A New Hashing Pipeline Using Kac's Random Walk Matrices
cs.LG
The popularity of deep learning is increasing by the day. However, despite the recent advancements in hardware, deep neural networks remain computationally intensive. Recent work has shown that by preserving the angular distance between vectors, random feature maps are able to reduce dimensionality without introducing ...
computer science
33,039
eCommerceGAN : A Generative Adversarial Network for E-commerce
cs.LG
E-commerce companies such as Amazon, Alibaba and Flipkart process billions of orders every year. However, these orders represent only a small fraction of all plausible orders. Exploring the space of all plausible orders could help us better understand the relationships between the various entities in an e-commerce ecos...
computer science
33,040
Blessing of dimensionality: mathematical foundations of the statistical physics of data
cs.LG
The concentration of measure phenomena were discovered as the mathematical background of statistical mechanics at the end of the XIX - beginning of the XX century and were then explored in mathematics of the XX-XXI centuries. At the beginning of the XXI century, it became clear that the proper utilisation of these phen...
computer science
33,041
A Smoothed Analysis of the Greedy Algorithm for the Linear Contextual Bandit Problem
cs.LG
Bandit learning is characterized by the tension between long-term exploration and short-term exploitation. However, as has recently been noted, in settings in which the choices of the learning algorithm correspond to important decisions about individual people (such as criminal recidivism prediction, lending, and seque...
computer science
33,042
A Hardware-Friendly Algorithm for Scalable Training and Deployment of Dimensionality Reduction Models on FPGA
cs.LG
With ever-increasing application of machine learning models in various domains such as image classification, speech recognition and synthesis, and health care, designing efficient hardware for these models has gained a lot of popularity. While the majority of researches in this area focus on efficient deployment of mac...
computer science
33,043
Cost-Sensitive Convolution based Neural Networks for Imbalanced Time-Series Classification
cs.LG
Some deep convolutional neural networks were proposed for time-series classification and class imbalanced problems. However, those models performed degraded and even failed to recognize the minority class of an imbalanced temporal sequences dataset. Minority samples would bring troubles for temporal deep learning class...
computer science
33,044
Towards a more efficient representation of imputation operators in TPOT
cs.LG
Automated Machine Learning encompasses a set of meta-algorithms intended to design and apply machine learning techniques (e.g., model selection, hyperparameter tuning, model assessment, etc.). TPOT, a software for optimizing machine learning pipelines based on genetic programming (GP), is a novel example of this kind o...
computer science
33,045
Unsupervised Cipher Cracking Using Discrete GANs
cs.LG
This work details CipherGAN, an architecture inspired by CycleGAN used for inferring the underlying cipher mapping given banks of unpaired ciphertext and plaintext. We demonstrate that CipherGAN is capable of cracking language data enciphered using shift and Vigenere ciphers to a high degree of fidelity and for vocabul...
computer science
33,046
Rank Selection of CP-decomposed Convolutional Layers with Variational Bayesian Matrix Factorization
cs.LG
Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) is one of successful method in many areas such as image classification tasks. However, the amount of memory and computational cost needed for CNNs inference obstructs them to run efficiently in mobile devices because of memory and computational ability limitation. One of the method ...
computer science
33,047
ALE: Additive Latent Effect Models for Grade Prediction
cs.LG
The past decade has seen a growth in the development and deployment of educational technologies for assisting college-going students in choosing majors, selecting courses and acquiring feedback based on past academic performance. Grade prediction methods seek to estimate a grade that a student may achieve in a course t...
computer science
33,048
On the Reduction of Biases in Big Data Sets for the Detection of Irregular Power Usage
cs.LG
In machine learning, a bias occurs whenever training sets are not representative for the test data, which results in unreliable models. The most common biases in data are arguably class imbalance and covariate shift. In this work, we aim to shed light on this topic in order to increase the overall attention to this iss...
computer science
33,049
An Overview of Machine Teaching
cs.LG
In this paper we try to organize machine teaching as a coherent set of ideas. Each idea is presented as varying along a dimension. The collection of dimensions then form the problem space of machine teaching, such that existing teaching problems can be characterized in this space. We hope this organization allows us to...
computer science
33,050
An Iterative Closest Point Method for Unsupervised Word Translation
cs.LG
Unsupervised word translation from non-parallel inter-lingual corpora has attracted much research interest. Very recently, neural network methods trained with adversarial loss functions achieved high accuracy on this task. Despite the impressive success of the recent techniques, they suffer from the typical drawbacks o...
computer science
33,051
Latitude: A Model for Mixed Linear-Tropical Matrix Factorization
cs.LG
Nonnegative matrix factorization (NMF) is one of the most frequently-used matrix factorization models in data analysis. A significant reason to the popularity of NMF is its interpretability and the `parts of whole' interpretation of its components. Recently, max-times, or subtropical, matrix factorization (SMF) has bee...
computer science
33,052
Tractable Learning and Inference for Large-Scale Probabilistic Boolean Networks
cs.LG
Probabilistic Boolean Networks (PBNs) have been previously proposed so as to gain insights into complex dy- namical systems. However, identification of large networks and of the underlying discrete Markov Chain which describes their temporal evolution, still remains a challenge. In this paper, we introduce an equivalen...
computer science
33,053
Investigating the Effects of Dynamic Precision Scaling on Neural Network Training
cs.LG
Training neural networks is a time- and compute-intensive operation. This is mainly due to the large amount of floating point tensor operations that are required during training. These constraints limit the scope of design space explorations (in terms of hyperparameter search) for data scientists and researchers. Recen...
computer science
33,054
Recasting Gradient-Based Meta-Learning as Hierarchical Bayes
cs.LG
Meta-learning allows an intelligent agent to leverage prior learning episodes as a basis for quickly improving performance on a novel task. Bayesian hierarchical modeling provides a theoretical framework for formalizing meta-learning as inference for a set of parameters that are shared across tasks. Here, we reformulat...
computer science
33,055
Approximate Inference via Weighted Rademacher Complexity
cs.LG
Rademacher complexity is often used to characterize the learnability of a hypothesis class and is known to be related to the class size. We leverage this observation and introduce a new technique for estimating the size of an arbitrary weighted set, defined as the sum of weights of all elements in the set. Our techniqu...
computer science
33,056
Certified Defenses against Adversarial Examples
cs.LG
While neural networks have achieved high accuracy on standard image classification benchmarks, their accuracy drops to nearly zero in the presence of small adversarial perturbations to test inputs. Defenses based on regularization and adversarial training have been proposed, but often followed by new, stronger attacks ...
computer science
33,057
Learning Combinations of Activation Functions
cs.LG
In the last decade, an active area of research has been devoted to design novel activation functions that are able to help deep neural networks to converge, obtaining better performance. The training procedure of these architectures usually involves optimization of the weights of their layers only, while non-linearitie...
computer science
33,058
Learning the Reward Function for a Misspecified Model
cs.LG
In model-based reinforcement learning it is typical to treat the problems of learning the dynamics model and learning the reward function separately. However, when the dynamics model is flawed, it may generate erroneous states that would never occur in the true environment. A reward function trained only to map environ...
computer science
33,059
Learning to Emulate an Expert Projective Cone Scheduler
cs.LG
Projective cone scheduling defines a large class of rate-stabilizing policies for queueing models relevant to several applications. While there exists considerable theory on the properties of projective cone schedulers, there is little practical guidance on choosing the parameters that define them. In this paper, we pr...
computer science
33,060
FastGCN: Fast Learning with Graph Convolutional Networks via Importance Sampling
cs.LG
The graph convolutional networks (GCN) recently proposed by Kipf and Welling are an effective graph model for semi-supervised learning. This model, however, was originally designed to be learned with the presence of both training and test data. Moreover, the recursive neighborhood expansion across layers poses time and...
computer science
33,061
Deep Learning of Constrained Autoencoders for Enhanced Understanding of Data
cs.LG
Unsupervised feature extractors are known to perform an efficient and discriminative representation of data. Insight into the mappings they perform and human ability to understand them, however, remain very limited. This is especially prominent when multilayer deep learning architectures are used. This paper demonstrat...
computer science
33,062
A New Backpropagation Algorithm without Gradient Descent
cs.LG
The backpropagation algorithm, which had been originally introduced in the 1970s, is the workhorse of learning in neural networks. This backpropagation algorithm makes use of the famous machine learning algorithm known as Gradient Descent, which is a first-order iterative optimization algorithm for finding the minimum ...
computer science
33,063
Rethinking the Smaller-Norm-Less-Informative Assumption in Channel Pruning of Convolution Layers
cs.LG
Model pruning has become a useful technique that improves the computational efficiency of deep learning, making it possible to deploy solutions in resource-limited scenarios. A widely-used practice in relevant work assumes that a smaller-norm parameter or feature plays a less informative role at the inference time. In ...
computer science
33,064
Bootstrapping and Multiple Imputation Ensemble Approaches for Missing Data
cs.LG
Presence of missing values in a dataset can adversely affect the performance of a classifier. Single and Multiple Imputation are normally performed to fill in the missing values. In this paper, we present several variants of combining single and multiple imputation with bootstrapping to create ensembles that can model ...
computer science
33,065
Augmented Space Linear Model
cs.LG
The linear model uses the space defined by the input to project the target or desired signal and find the optimal set of model parameters. When the problem is nonlinear, the adaption requires nonlinear models for good performance, but it becomes slower and more cumbersome. In this paper, we propose a linear model calle...
computer science
33,066
Clustering and Unsupervised Anomaly Detection with L2 Normalized Deep Auto-Encoder Representations
cs.LG
Clustering is essential to many tasks in pattern recognition and computer vision. With the advent of deep learning, there is an increasing interest in learning deep unsupervised representations for clustering analysis. Many works on this domain rely on variants of auto-encoders and use the encoder outputs as representa...
computer science
33,067
Training Neural Networks by Using Power Linear Units (PoLUs)
cs.LG
In this paper, we introduce "Power Linear Unit" (PoLU) which increases the nonlinearity capacity of a neural network and thus helps improving its performance. PoLU adopts several advantages of previously proposed activation functions. First, the output of PoLU for positive inputs is designed to be identity to avoid the...
computer science
33,068
Analysis of Fast Alternating Minimization for Structured Dictionary Learning
cs.LG
Methods exploiting sparsity have been popular in imaging and signal processing applications including compression, denoising, and imaging inverse problems. Data-driven approaches such as dictionary learning and transform learning enable one to discover complex image features from datasets and provide promising performa...
computer science
33,069
GeniePath: Graph Neural Networks with Adaptive Receptive Paths
cs.LG
We present, GeniePath, a scalable approach for learning adaptive receptive fields of neural networks defined on permutation invariant graph data. In GeniePath, we propose an adaptive path layer consists of two functions designed for breadth and depth exploration respectively, where the former learns the importance of d...
computer science
33,070
Online Compact Convexified Factorization Machine
cs.LG
Factorization Machine (FM) is a supervised learning approach with a powerful capability of feature engineering. It yields state-of-the-art performance in various batch learning tasks where all the training data is made available prior to the training. However, in real-world applications where the data arrives sequentia...
computer science
33,071
Explicit Inductive Bias for Transfer Learning with Convolutional Networks
cs.LG
In inductive transfer learning, fine-tuning pre-trained convolutional networks substantially outperforms training from scratch. When using fine-tuning, the underlying assumption is that the pre-trained model extracts generic features, which are at least partially relevant for solving the target task, but would be diffi...
computer science
33,072
Selective Sampling and Mixture Models in Generative Adversarial Networks
cs.LG
In this paper, we propose a multi-generator extension to the adversarial training framework, in which the objective of each generator is to represent a unique component of a target mixture distribution. In the training phase, the generators cooperate to represent, as a mixture, the target distribution while maintaining...
computer science
33,073
MotifNet: a motif-based Graph Convolutional Network for directed graphs
cs.LG
Deep learning on graphs and in particular, graph convolutional neural networks, have recently attracted significant attention in the machine learning community. Many of such techniques explore the analogy between the graph Laplacian eigenvectors and the classical Fourier basis, allowing to formulate the convolution as ...
computer science
33,074
Re-Weighted Learning for Sparsifying Deep Neural Networks
cs.LG
This paper addresses the topic of sparsifying deep neural networks (DNN's). While DNN's are powerful models that achieve state-of-the-art performance on a large number of tasks, the large number of model parameters poses serious storage and computational challenges. To combat these difficulties, a growing line of work ...
computer science
33,075
Mixed Link Networks
cs.LG
Basing on the analysis by revealing the equivalence of modern networks, we find that both ResNet and DenseNet are essentially derived from the same "dense topology", yet they only differ in the form of connection -- addition (dubbed "inner link") vs. concatenation (dubbed "outer link"). However, both two forms of conne...
computer science
33,076
Directly and Efficiently Optimizing Prediction Error and AUC of Linear Classifiers
cs.LG
The predictive quality of machine learning models is typically measured in terms of their (approximate) expected prediction error or the so-called Area Under the Curve (AUC) for a particular data distribution. However, when the models are constructed by the means of empirical risk minimization, surrogate functions such...
computer science
33,077
Improving the Universality and Learnability of Neural Programmer-Interpreters with Combinator Abstraction
cs.LG
To overcome the limitations of Neural Programmer-Interpreters (NPI) in its universality and learnability, we propose the incorporation of combinator abstraction into neural programing and a new NPI architecture to support this abstraction, which we call Combinatory Neural Programmer-Interpreter (CNPI). Combinator abstr...
computer science
33,078
Online Learning: A Comprehensive Survey
cs.LG
Online learning represents an important family of machine learning algorithms, in which a learner attempts to resolve an online prediction (or any type of decision-making) task by learning a model/hypothesis from a sequence of data instances one at a time. The goal of online learning is to ensure that the online learne...
computer science
33,079
Learning and Querying Fast Generative Models for Reinforcement Learning
cs.LG
A key challenge in model-based reinforcement learning (RL) is to synthesize computationally efficient and accurate environment models. We show that carefully designed generative models that learn and operate on compact state representations, so-called state-space models, substantially reduce the computational costs for...
computer science
33,080
Make the Minority Great Again: First-Order Regret Bound for Contextual Bandits
cs.LG
Regret bounds in online learning compare the player's performance to $L^*$, the optimal performance in hindsight with a fixed strategy. Typically such bounds scale with the square root of the time horizon $T$. The more refined concept of first-order regret bound replaces this with a scaling $\sqrt{L^*}$, which may be m...
computer science
33,081
Learning Local Metrics and Influential Regions for Classification
cs.LG
The performance of distance-based classifiers heavily depends on the underlying distance metric, so it is valuable to learn a suitable metric from the data. To address the problem of multimodality, it is desirable to learn local metrics. In this short paper, we define a new intuitive distance with local metrics and inf...
computer science
33,082
Metric Learning via Maximizing the Lipschitz Margin Ratio
cs.LG
In this paper, we propose the Lipschitz margin ratio and a new metric learning framework for classification through maximizing the ratio. This framework enables the integration of both the inter-class margin and the intra-class dispersion, as well as the enhancement of the generalization ability of a classifier. To int...
computer science
33,083
A Continuation Method for Discrete Optimization and its Application to Nearest Neighbor Classification
cs.LG
The continuation method is a popular approach in non-convex optimization and computer vision. The main idea is to start from a simple function that can be minimized efficiently, and gradually transform it to the more complicated original objective function. The solution of the simpler problem is used as the starting po...
computer science
33,084
Disturbance Grassmann Kernels for Subspace-Based Learning
cs.LG
In this paper, we focus on subspace-based learning problems, where data elements are linear subspaces instead of vectors. To handle this kind of data, Grassmann kernels were proposed to measure the space structure and used with classifiers, e.g., Support Vector Machines (SVMs). However, the existing discriminative algo...
computer science
33,085
Low-Norm Graph Embedding
cs.LG
Learning distributed representations for nodes in graphs has become an important problem that underpins a wide spectrum of applications. Existing methods to this problem learn representations by optimizing a softmax objective while constraining the dimension of embedding vectors. We argue that the generalization perfor...
computer science
33,086
Tips, guidelines and tools for managing multi-label datasets: the mldr.datasets R package and the Cometa data repository
cs.LG
New proposals in the field of multi-label learning algorithms have been growing in number steadily over the last few years. The experimentation associated with each of them always goes through the same phases: selection of datasets, partitioning, training, analysis of results and, finally, comparison with existing meth...
computer science
33,087
Deep Meta-Learning: Learning to Learn in the Concept Space
cs.LG
Few-shot learning remains challenging for meta-learning that learns a learning algorithm (meta-learner) from many related tasks. In this work, we argue that this is due to the lack of a good representation for meta-learning, and propose deep meta-learning to integrate the representation power of deep learning into meta...
computer science
33,088
Curriculum Learning by Transfer Learning: Theory and Experiments with Deep Networks
cs.LG
Our first contribution in this paper is a theoretical investigation of curriculum learning in the context of stochastic gradient descent when optimizing the least squares loss function. We prove that the rate of convergence of an ideal curriculum learning method in monotonically increasing with the difficulty of the ex...
computer science
33,089
PRIL: Perceptron Ranking Using Interval Labeled Data
cs.LG
In this paper, we propose an online learning algorithm PRIL for learning ranking classifiers using interval labeled data and show its correctness. We show its convergence in finite number of steps if there exists an ideal classifier such that the rank given by it for an example always lies in its label interval. We the...
computer science
33,090
On the Needs for Rotations in Hypercubic Quantization Hashing
cs.LG
The aim of this paper is to endow the well-known family of hypercubic quantization hashing methods with theoretical guarantees. In hypercubic quantization, applying a suitable (random or learned) rotation after dimensionality reduction has been experimentally shown to improve the results accuracy in the nearest neighbo...
computer science
33,091
Policy Gradients for Contextual Bandits
cs.LG
We study a generalized contextual-bandits problem, where there is a state that decides the distribution of contexts of arms and affects the immediate reward when choosing an arm. The problem applies to a wide range of realistic settings such as personalized recommender systems and natural language generations. We put f...
computer science
33,092
Electric Vehicle Driver Clustering using Statistical Model and Machine Learning
cs.LG
Electric Vehicle (EV) is playing a significant role in the distribution energy management systems since the power consumption level of the EVs is much higher than the other regular home appliances. The randomness of the EV driver behaviors make the optimal charging or discharging scheduling even more difficult due to t...
computer science
33,093
Sparse and Robust Reject Option Classifier using Successive Linear Programming
cs.LG
In this paper, we propose a new sparse and robust reject option classifier based on minimization of $l_1$ regularized risk under double ramp loss $L_{dr,\rho}$. We use DC programming to find the risk minimizer. The algorithm solves a sequence of linear programs to learn the reject option classifier. Moreover, we show t...
computer science
33,094
Multi-Armed Bandits on Unit Interval Graphs
cs.LG
An online learning problem with side information on the similarity and dissimilarity across different actions is considered. The problem is formulated as a stochastic multi-armed bandit problem with a graph-structured learning space. Each node in the graph represents an arm in the bandit problem and an edge between two...
computer science
33,095
Classification from Pairwise Similarity and Unlabeled Data
cs.LG
One of the biggest bottlenecks in supervised learning is its high labeling cost. To overcome this problem, we propose a new weakly-supervised learning setting called SU classification, where only similar (S) data pairs (two examples belong to the same class) and unlabeled (U) data are needed, instead of fully-supervise...
computer science
33,096
Neural Tensor Factorization
cs.LG
Neural collaborative filtering (NCF) and recurrent recommender systems (RRN) have been successful in modeling user-item relational data. However, they are also limited in their assumption of static or sequential modeling of relational data as they do not account for evolving users' preference over time as well as chang...
computer science
33,097
Learning Inverse Mappings with Adversarial Criterion
cs.LG
We propose a flipped-Adversarial AutoEncoder (FAAE) that simultaneously trains a generative model G that maps an arbitrary latent code distribution to a data distribution and an encoder E that embodies an "inverse mapping" that encodes a data sample into a latent code vector. Unlike previous hybrid approaches that leve...
computer science
33,098
Turning Your Weakness Into a Strength: Watermarking Deep Neural Networks by Backdooring
cs.LG
Deep Neural Networks have recently gained lots of success after enabling several breakthroughs in notoriously challenging problems. Training these networks is computationally expensive and requires vast amounts of training data. Selling such pre-trained models can, therefore, be a lucrative business model. Unfortunatel...
computer science
33,099
Training and Inference with Integers in Deep Neural Networks
cs.LG
Researches on deep neural networks with discrete parameters and their deployment in embedded systems have been active and promising topics. Although previous works have successfully reduced precision in inference, transferring both training and inference processes to low-bitwidth integers has not been demonstrated simu...
computer science
33,100
Predict and Constrain: Modeling Cardinality in Deep Structured Prediction
cs.LG
Many machine learning problems require the prediction of multi-dimensional labels. Such structured prediction models can benefit from modeling dependencies between labels. Recently, several deep learning approaches to structured prediction have been proposed. Here we focus on capturing cardinality constraints in such m...
computer science
33,101
Identify Susceptible Locations in Medical Records via Adversarial Attacks on Deep Predictive Models
cs.LG
The surging availability of electronic medical records (EHR) leads to increased research interests in medical predictive modeling. Recently many deep learning based predicted models are also developed for EHR data and demonstrated impressive performance. However, a series of recent studies showed that these deep models...
computer science