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33,102
Geometry-Based Data Generation
cs.LG
Many generative models attempt to replicate the density of their input data. However, this approach is often undesirable, since data density is highly affected by sampling biases, noise, and artifacts. We propose a method called SUGAR (Synthesis Using Geometrically Aligned Random-walks) that uses a diffusion process to...
computer science
33,103
Attack RMSE Leaderboard: An Introduction and Case Study
cs.LG
In this manuscript, we briefly introduce several tricks to climb the leaderboards which use RMSE for evaluation without exploiting any training data.
computer science
33,104
Graph2Seq: Scalable Learning Dynamics for Graphs
cs.LG
Neural networks have been shown to be an effective tool for learning algorithms over graph-structured data. However, graph representation techniques--that convert graphs to real-valued vectors for use with neural networks--are still in their infancy. Recent works have proposed several approaches (e.g., graph convolutio...
computer science
33,105
DESlib: A Dynamic ensemble selection library in Python
cs.LG
DESlib is an open-source python library providing the implementation of several dynamic selection techniques. The library is divided into three modules: (i) dcs, containing the implementation of dynamic classifier selection methods (DCS); (ii) des, containing the implementation of dynamic ensemble selection methods (DE...
computer science
33,106
Tackling Multilabel Imbalance through Label Decoupling and Data Resampling Hybridization
cs.LG
The learning from imbalanced data is a deeply studied problem in standard classification and, in recent times, also in multilabel classification. A handful of multilabel resampling methods have been proposed in late years, aiming to balance the labels distribution. However these methods have to face a new obstacle, spe...
computer science
33,107
Dealing with Difficult Minority Labels in Imbalanced Mutilabel Data Sets
cs.LG
Multilabel classification is an emergent data mining task with a broad range of real world applications. Learning from imbalanced multilabel data is being deeply studied latterly, and several resampling methods have been proposed in the literature. The unequal label distribution in most multilabel datasets, with dispar...
computer science
33,108
GEP-PG: Decoupling Exploration and Exploitation in Deep Reinforcement Learning Algorithms
cs.LG
In continuous action domains, standard deep reinforcement learning algorithms like DDPG suffer from inefficient exploration when facing sparse or deceptive reward problems. Conversely, evolutionary and developmental methods focusing on exploration like novelty search, quality-diversity or goal exploration processes are...
computer science
33,109
Understanding the Role of Adaptivity in Machine Teaching: The Case of Version Space Learners
cs.LG
In real-world applications of education and human teaching, an effective teacher chooses the next example intelligently based on the learner's current state. However, most of the existing works in algorithmic machine teaching focus on the batch setting, where adaptivity plays no role. In this paper, we study the case o...
computer science
33,110
Stronger generalization bounds for deep nets via a compression approach
cs.LG
Deep nets generalize well despite having more parameters than the number of training samples. Recent works try to give an explanation using PAC-Bayes and Margin-based analyses, but do not as yet result in sample complexity bounds better than naive parameter counting. The current paper shows generalization bounds that'r...
computer science
33,111
Semi-Supervised Learning on Graphs Based on Local Label Distributions
cs.LG
In this work, we propose a novel approach for the semi-supervised node classification. Precisely, we propose a method which takes labels in the local neighborhood of different locality levels into consideration. Most previous approaches that tackle the problem of node classification consider nodes to be similar, if the...
computer science
33,112
Gradient Boosting With Piece-Wise Linear Regression Trees
cs.LG
Gradient boosting using decision trees as base learners, so called Gradient Boosted Decision Trees (GBDT), is a very successful ensemble learning algorithm widely used across a variety of applications. Recently, various GDBT construction algorithms and implementation have been designed and heavily optimized in some ver...
computer science
33,113
Learning Determinantal Point Processes by Sampling Inferred Negatives
cs.LG
Determinantal Point Processes (DPPs) have attracted significant interest from the machine-learning community due to their ability to elegantly and tractably model the delicate balance between quality and diversity of sets. We consider learning DPPs from data, a key task for DPPs; for this task, we introduce a novel opt...
computer science
33,114
MPC-Inspired Neural Network Policies for Sequential Decision Making
cs.LG
In this paper we investigate the use of MPC-inspired neural network policies for sequential decision making. We introduce an extension to the DAgger algorithm for training such policies and show how they have improved training performance and generalization capabilities. We take advantage of this extension to show scal...
computer science
33,115
Constrained Convolutional-Recurrent Networks to Improve Speech Quality with Low Impact on Recognition Accuracy
cs.LG
For a speech-enhancement algorithm, it is highly desirable to simultaneously improve perceptual quality and recognition rate. Thanks to computational costs and model complexities, it is challenging to train a model that effectively optimizes both metrics at the same time. In this paper, we propose a method for speech e...
computer science
33,116
Variance-based Gradient Compression for Efficient Distributed Deep Learning
cs.LG
Due to the substantial computational cost, training state-of-the-art deep neural networks for large-scale datasets often requires distributed training using multiple computation workers. However, by nature, workers need to frequently communicate gradients, causing severe bottlenecks, especially on lower bandwidth conne...
computer science
33,117
An Alternative View: When Does SGD Escape Local Minima?
cs.LG
Stochastic gradient descent (SGD) is widely used in machine learning. Although being commonly viewed as a fast but not accurate version of gradient descent (GD), it always finds better solutions than GD for modern neural networks. In order to understand this phenomenon, we take an alternative view that SGD is working...
computer science
33,118
Sequence-to-Sequence Prediction of Vehicle Trajectory via LSTM Encoder-Decoder Architecture
cs.LG
In this paper, we propose a deep learning-based vehicle trajectory prediction technique which can generate the future trajectory sequence of the surrounding vehicles in real time. We employ the encoder-decoder architecture which analyzes the pattern underlying in the past trajectory using the long short term memory (LS...
computer science
33,119
Inductive Framework for Multi-Aspect Streaming Tensor Completion with Side Information
cs.LG
Low-rank tensor completion is a well-studied problem and has applications in various fields. However, in many real-world applications the data is dynamic, i.e., the tensor grows as new data arrives. Besides the tensor, in many real-world scenarios, side information is also available in the form of matrices which also g...
computer science
33,120
Online Convex Optimization for Cumulative Constraints
cs.LG
We propose an algorithm for online convex optimization which examines a clipped long-term constraint of the form $\sum\limits_{t=1}^T[g(x_t)]_+$, encoding the cumulative constraint violation. Previous literature has focused on long-term constraints of the form $\sum\limits_{t=1}^Tg(x_t)$, for which strictly feasible so...
computer science
33,121
BDA-PCH: Block-Diagonal Approximation of Positive-Curvature Hessian for Training Neural Networks
cs.LG
We propose a block-diagonal approximation of the positive-curvature Hessian (BDA-PCH) matrix to measure curvature. Our proposed BDAPCH matrix is memory efficient and can be applied to any fully-connected neural networks where the activation and criterion functions are twice differentiable. Particularly, our BDA-PCH mat...
computer science
33,122
On the Optimization of Deep Networks: Implicit Acceleration by Overparameterization
cs.LG
Conventional wisdom in deep learning states that increasing depth improves expressiveness but complicates optimization. This paper suggests that, sometimes, increasing depth can speed up optimization. The effect of depth on optimization is decoupled from expressiveness by focusing on settings where additional layers am...
computer science
33,123
Deep Echo State Networks for Diagnosis of Parkinson's Disease
cs.LG
In this paper, we introduce a novel approach for diagnosis of Parkinson's Disease (PD) based on deep Echo State Networks (ESNs). The identification of PD is performed by analyzing the whole time-series collected from a tablet device during the sketching of spiral tests, without the need for feature extraction and data ...
computer science
33,124
Tail bounds for volume sampled linear regression
cs.LG
The $n \times d$ design matrix in a linear regression problem is given, but the response for each point is hidden unless explicitly requested. The goal is to observe only a small number $k \ll n$ of the responses, and then produce a weight vector whose sum of square loss over all points is at most $1+\epsilon$ times th...
computer science
33,125
Multi-resolution Tensor Learning for Large-Scale Spatial Data
cs.LG
High-dimensional tensor models are notoriously computationally expensive to train. We present a meta-learning algorithm, MMT, that can significantly speed up the process for spatial tensor models. MMT leverages the property that spatial data can be viewed at multiple resolutions, which are related by coarsening and fin...
computer science
33,126
Online Learning with an Unknown Fairness Metric
cs.LG
We consider the problem of online learning in the linear contextual bandits setting, but in which there are also strong individual fairness constraints governed by an unknown similarity metric. These constraints demand that we select similar actions or individuals with approximately equal probability (arXiv:1104.3913),...
computer science
33,127
Constant Regret, Generalized Mixability, and Mirror Descent
cs.LG
We consider the setting of prediction with expert advice; a learner makes predictions by aggregating those of a group of experts. Under this setting, and with the right choice of loss function and "mixing" algorithm, it is possible for the learner to achieve constant regret regardless of the number of prediction rounds...
computer science
33,128
Do Deep Learning Models Have Too Many Parameters? An Information Theory Viewpoint
cs.LG
Deep learning models often have more parameters than observations, and still perform well. This is sometimes described as a paradox. In this work, we show experimentally that despite their huge number of parameters, deep neural networks can compress the data losslessly even when taking the cost of encoding the paramete...
computer science
33,129
Local Differential Privacy for Evolving Data
cs.LG
There are now several large scale deployments of differential privacy used to track statistical information about users. However, these systems periodically recollect the data and recompute the statistics using algorithms designed for a single use and as a result do not provide meaningful privacy guarantees over long t...
computer science
33,130
Scalable Label Propagation for Multi-relational Learning on Tensor Product Graph
cs.LG
Label propagation on the tensor product of multiple graphs can infer multi-relations among the entities across the graphs by learning labels in a tensor. However, the tensor formulation is only empirically scalable up to three graphs due to the exponential complexity of computing tensors. In this paper, we propose an o...
computer science
33,131
Globally Consistent Algorithms for Mixture of Experts
cs.LG
Mixture-of-Experts (MoE) is a widely popular neural network architecture and is a basic building block of highly successful modern neural networks, for example, Gated Recurrent Units (GRU) and Attention networks. However, despite the empirical success, finding an efficient and provably consistent algorithm to learn the...
computer science
33,132
Active Learning with Partial Feedback
cs.LG
In the large-scale multiclass setting, assigning labels often consists of answering multiple questions to drill down through a hierarchy of classes. Here, the labor required per annotation scales with the number of questions asked. We propose active learning with partial feedback. In this setup, the learner asks the an...
computer science
33,133
Smooth Loss Functions for Deep Top-k Classification
cs.LG
The top-k error is a common measure of performance in machine learning and computer vision. In practice, top-k classification is typically performed with deep neural networks trained with the cross-entropy loss. Theoretical results indeed suggest that cross-entropy is an optimal learning objective for such a task in th...
computer science
33,134
Protecting Sensory Data against Sensitive Inferences
cs.LG
There is growing concern about how personal data are used when users grant applications direct access to the sensors of their mobile devices. In fact, high resolution temporal data generated by motion sensors reflect directly the activities of a user and indirectly physical and demographic attributes. In this paper, we...
computer science
33,135
Diversity regularization in deep ensembles
cs.LG
Calibrating the confidence of supervised learning models is important for a variety of contexts where the certainty over predictions should be reliable. However, it has been reported that deep neural network models are often too poorly calibrated for achieving complex tasks requiring reliable uncertainty estimates in t...
computer science
33,136
Nonlinear Online Learning with Adaptive Nyström Approximation
cs.LG
Use of nonlinear feature maps via kernel approximation has led to success in many online learning tasks. As a popular kernel approximation method, Nystr\"{o}m approximation, has been well investigated, and various landmark points selection methods have been proposed to improve the approximation quality. However, these ...
computer science
33,137
Learning Mixtures of Linear Regressions with Nearly Optimal Complexity
cs.LG
Mixtures of Linear Regressions (MLR) is an important mixture model with many applications. In this model, each observation is generated from one of the several unknown linear regression components, where the identity of the generated component is also unknown. Previous works either assume strong assumptions on the data...
computer science
33,138
Actigraphy-based Sleep/Wake Pattern Detection using Convolutional Neural Networks
cs.LG
Common medical conditions are often associated with sleep abnormalities. Patients with medical disorders often suffer from poor sleep quality compared to healthy individuals, which in turn may worsen the symptoms of the disorder. Accurate detection of sleep/wake patterns is important in developing personalized digital ...
computer science
33,139
Learning to Route with Sparse Trajectory Sets---Extended Version
cs.LG
Motivated by the increasing availability of vehicle trajectory data, we propose learn-to-route, a comprehensive trajectory-based routing solution. Specifically, we first construct a graph-like structure from trajectories as the routing infrastructure. Second, we enable trajectory-based routing given an arbitrary (sourc...
computer science
33,140
Unicorn: Continual Learning with a Universal, Off-policy Agent
cs.LG
Some real-world domains are best characterized as a single task, but for others this perspective is limiting. Instead, some tasks continually grow in complexity, in tandem with the agent's competence. In continual learning, also referred to as lifelong learning, there are no explicit task boundaries or curricula. As le...
computer science
33,141
Diverse Exploration for Fast and Safe Policy Improvement
cs.LG
We study an important yet under-addressed problem of quickly and safely improving policies in online reinforcement learning domains. As its solution, we propose a novel exploration strategy - diverse exploration (DE), which learns and deploys a diverse set of safe policies to explore the environment. We provide DE theo...
computer science
33,142
Loss-aware Weight Quantization of Deep Networks
cs.LG
The huge size of deep networks hinders their use in small computing devices. In this paper, we consider compressing the network by weight quantization. We extend a recently proposed loss-aware weight binarization scheme to ternarization, with possibly different scaling parameters for the positive and negative weights, ...
computer science
33,143
Asynchronous Stochastic Proximal Methods for Nonconvex Nonsmooth Optimization
cs.LG
We study stochastic algorithms for solving non-convex optimization problems with a convex yet possibly non-smooth regularizer, which find wide applications in many practical machine learning applications. However, compared to asynchronous parallel stochastic gradient descent (AsynSGD), an algorithm targeting smooth opt...
computer science
33,144
A Block-wise, Asynchronous and Distributed ADMM Algorithm for General Form Consensus Optimization
cs.LG
Many machine learning models, including those with non-smooth regularizers, can be formulated as consensus optimization problems, which can be solved by the alternating direction method of multipliers (ADMM). Many recent efforts have been made to develop asynchronous distributed ADMM to handle large amounts of training...
computer science
33,145
Time Series Learning using Monotonic Logical Properties
cs.LG
We propose a new paradigm for time-series learning where users implicitly specify families of signal shapes by choosing monotonic parameterized signal predicates. These families of predicates (also called specifications) can be seen as infinite Boolean feature vectors, that are able to leverage a user's domain expertis...
computer science
33,146
Temporal Difference Models: Model-Free Deep RL for Model-Based Control
cs.LG
Model-free reinforcement learning (RL) is a powerful, general tool for learning complex behaviors. However, its sample efficiency is often impractically large for solving challenging real-world problems, even with off-policy algorithms such as Q-learning. A limiting factor in classic model-free RL is that the learning ...
computer science
33,147
Max-Mahalanobis Linear Discriminant Analysis Networks
cs.LG
A deep neural network (DNN) consists of a nonlinear transformation from an input to a feature representation, followed by a common softmax linear classifier. Though many efforts have been devoted to designing a proper architecture for nonlinear transformation, little investigation has been done on the classifier part. ...
computer science
33,148
Stochastic Hyperparameter Optimization through Hypernetworks
cs.LG
Machine learning models are often tuned by nesting optimization of model weights inside the optimization of hyperparameters. We give a method to collapse this nested optimization into joint stochastic optimization of weights and hyperparameters. Our process trains a neural network to output approximately optimal weight...
computer science
33,149
Retrieval-Augmented Convolutional Neural Networks for Improved Robustness against Adversarial Examples
cs.LG
We propose a retrieval-augmented convolutional network and propose to train it with local mixup, a novel variant of the recently proposed mixup algorithm. The proposed hybrid architecture combining a convolutional network and an off-the-shelf retrieval engine was designed to mitigate the adverse effect of off-manifold ...
computer science
33,150
Multi-Observation Regression
cs.LG
Recent work introduced loss functions which measure the error of a prediction based on multiple simultaneous observations or outcomes. In this paper, we explore the theoretical and practical questions that arise when using such multi-observation losses for regression on data sets of $(x,y)$ pairs. When a loss depends o...
computer science
33,151
Robust Actor-Critic Contextual Bandit for Mobile Health (mHealth) Interventions
cs.LG
We consider the actor-critic contextual bandit for the mobile health (mHealth) intervention. State-of-the-art decision-making algorithms generally ignore the outliers in the dataset. In this paper, we propose a novel robust contextual bandit method for the mHealth. It can achieve the conflicting goal of reducing the in...
computer science
33,152
L1-Norm Batch Normalization for Efficient Training of Deep Neural Networks
cs.LG
Batch Normalization (BN) has been proven to be quite effective at accelerating and improving the training of deep neural networks (DNNs). However, BN brings additional computation, consumes more memory and generally slows down the training process by a large margin, which aggravates the training effort. Furthermore, th...
computer science
33,153
Time-sensitive Customer Churn Prediction based on PU Learning
cs.LG
With the fast development of Internet companies throughout the world, customer churn has become a serious concern. To better help the companies retain their customers, it is important to build a customer churn prediction model to identify the customers who are most likely to churn ahead of time. In this paper, we propo...
computer science
33,154
Augmented CycleGAN: Learning Many-to-Many Mappings from Unpaired Data
cs.LG
Learning inter-domain mappings from unpaired data can improve performance in structured prediction tasks, such as image segmentation, by reducing the need for paired data. CycleGAN was recently proposed for this problem, but critically assumes the underlying inter-domain mapping is approximately deterministic and one-t...
computer science
33,155
Clustering of Naturalistic Driving Encounters Using Unsupervised Learning
cs.LG
Deep understanding of driving encounters could help self-driving cars make appropriate decisions when driving in complex settings with surrounding vehicles engaged. This paper develops an unsupervised classifier to group naturalistic driving encounters into several distinguishable clusters by combining an auto-encoder ...
computer science
33,156
Tensor Decomposition for Compressing Recurrent Neural Network
cs.LG
In the machine learning fields, Recurrent Neural Network (RNN) has become a popular algorithm for sequential data modeling. However, behind the impressive performance, RNNs require a large number of parameters for both training and inference. In this paper, we are trying to reduce the number of parameters and maintain ...
computer science
33,157
Diversity and degrees of freedom in regression ensembles
cs.LG
Ensemble methods are a cornerstone of modern machine learning. The performance of an ensemble depends crucially upon the level of diversity between its constituent learners. This paper establishes a connection between diversity and degrees of freedom (i.e. the capacity of the model), showing that diversity may be viewe...
computer science
33,158
Reinforcement Learning to Rank in E-Commerce Search Engine: Formalization, Analysis, and Application
cs.LG
In e-commerce platforms such as Amazon and TaoBao, ranking items in a search session is a typical multi-step decision-making problem. Learning to rank (LTR) methods have been widely applied to ranking problems. However, such methods often consider different ranking steps in a session to be independent, which conversely...
computer science
33,159
A more globally accurate dimensionality reduction method using triplets
cs.LG
We first show that the commonly used dimensionality reduction (DR) methods such as t-SNE and LargeVis poorly capture the global structure of the data in the low dimensional embedding. We show this via a number of tests for the DR methods that can be easily applied by any practitioner to the dataset at hand. Surprisingl...
computer science
33,160
Impact of Biases in Big Data
cs.LG
The underlying paradigm of big data-driven machine learning reflects the desire of deriving better conclusions from simply analyzing more data, without the necessity of looking at theory and models. Is having simply more data always helpful? In 1936, The Literary Digest collected 2.3M filled in questionnaires to predic...
computer science
33,161
Distributed Prioritized Experience Replay
cs.LG
We propose a distributed architecture for deep reinforcement learning at scale, that enables agents to learn effectively from orders of magnitude more data than previously possible. The algorithm decouples acting from learning: the actors interact with their own instances of the environment by selecting actions accordi...
computer science
33,162
Not All Samples Are Created Equal: Deep Learning with Importance Sampling
cs.LG
Deep neural network training spends most of the computation on examples that are properly handled, and could be ignored. We propose to mitigate this phenomenon with a principled importance sampling scheme that focuses computation on "informative" examples, and reduces the variance of the stochastic gradients during t...
computer science
33,163
Quantitatively Evaluating GANs With Divergences Proposed for Training
cs.LG
Generative adversarial networks (GANs) have been extremely effective in approximating complex distributions of high-dimensional, input data samples, and substantial progress has been made in understanding and improving GAN performance in terms of both theory and application. However, we currently lack quantitative meth...
computer science
33,164
Seq2Sick: Evaluating the Robustness of Sequence-to-Sequence Models with Adversarial Examples
cs.LG
Crafting adversarial examples has become an important technique to evaluate the robustness of deep neural networks (DNNs). However, most existing works focus on attacking the image classification problem since its input space is continuous and output space is finite. In this paper, we study the much more challenging ...
computer science
33,165
Modeling Spatial-Temporal Dynamics for Traffic Prediction
cs.LG
Spatial-temporal prediction has many applications such as climate forecasting and urban planning. In particular, traffic prediction has drawn increasing attention in data mining research field for the growing traffic related datasets and for its impacts in real-world applications. For example, an accurate taxi demand p...
computer science
33,166
Accelerating Natural Gradient with Higher-Order Invariance
cs.LG
An appealing property of the natural gradient is that it is invariant to arbitrary differentiable reparameterizations of the model. However, this invariance property requires infinitesimal steps and is lost in practical implementations with small but finite step sizes. In this paper, we study invariance properties from...
computer science
33,167
An Optimal Control Approach to Deep Learning and Applications to Discrete-Weight Neural Networks
cs.LG
Deep learning is formulated as a discrete-time optimal control problem. This allows one to characterize necessary conditions for optimality and develop training algorithms that do not rely on gradients with respect to the trainable parameters. In particular, we introduce the discrete-time method of successive approxima...
computer science
33,168
An Analysis of the t-SNE Algorithm for Data Visualization
cs.LG
A first line of attack in exploratory data analysis is data visualization, i.e., generating a 2-dimensional representation of data that makes clusters of similar points visually identifiable. Standard Johnson-Lindenstrauss dimensionality reduction does not produce data visualizations. The t-SNE heuristic of van der Maa...
computer science
33,169
Relative Pairwise Relationship Constrained Non-negative Matrix Factorisation
cs.LG
Non-negative Matrix Factorisation (NMF) has been extensively used in machine learning and data analytics applications. Most existing variations of NMF only consider how each row/column vector of factorised matrices should be shaped, and ignore the relationship among pairwise rows or columns. In many cases, such pairwis...
computer science
33,170
Deep Information Networks
cs.LG
We describe a novel classifier with a tree structure, designed using information theory concepts. This Information Network is made of information nodes, that compress the input data, and multiplexers, that connect two or more input nodes to an output node. Each information node is trained, independently of the others, ...
computer science
33,171
Learning SMaLL Predictors
cs.LG
We present a new machine learning technique for training small resource-constrained predictors. Our algorithm, the Sparse Multiprototype Linear Learner (SMaLL), is inspired by the classic machine learning problem of learning $k$-DNF Boolean formulae. We present a formal derivation of our algorithm and demonstrate the b...
computer science
33,172
Arbitrary Discrete Sequence Anomaly Detection with Zero Boundary LSTM
cs.LG
We propose a simple mathematical definition and new neural architecture for finding anomalies within discrete sequence datasets. Our model comprises of a modified LSTM autoencoder and an array of One-Class SVMs. The LSTM takes in elements from a sequence and creates context vectors that are used to predict the probabil...
computer science
33,173
A Reductions Approach to Fair Classification
cs.LG
We present a systematic approach for achieving fairness in a binary classification setting. While we focus on two well-known quantitative definitions of fairness, our approach encompasses many other previously studied definitions as special cases. Our approach works by reducing fair classification to a sequence of cost...
computer science
33,174
Multiple Kernel $k$-means Clustering using Min-Max Optimization with $l_2$ Regularization
cs.LG
As various types of biomedical data become available, multiple kernel learning approaches have been proposed to incorporate abundant yet diverse information collected from multiple sources (or views) to facilitate disease prediction and pattern recognition. Although supervised multiple kernel learning has been extensiv...
computer science
33,175
A Neural Network Approach to Missing Marker Reconstruction
cs.LG
Optical motion capture systems have become a widely used technology in various fields, such as augmented reality, robotics, movie production, etc. Such systems use a large number of cameras to triangulate the position of optical markers. These are then used to reconstruct the motion of rigid objects or human articulate...
computer science
33,176
The Advantage of Doubling: A Deep Reinforcement Learning Approach to Studying the Double Team in the NBA
cs.LG
During the 2017 NBA playoffs, Celtics coach Brad Stevens was faced with a difficult decision when defending against the Cavaliers: "Do you double and risk giving up easy shots, or stay at home and do the best you can?" It's a tough call, but finding a good defensive strategy that effectively incorporates doubling can m...
computer science
33,177
Some Approximation Bounds for Deep Networks
cs.LG
In this paper we introduce new bounds on the approximation of functions in deep networks and in doing so introduce some new deep network architectures for function approximation. These results give some theoretical insight into the success of autoencoders and ResNets.
computer science
33,178
A Deep Generative Model for Disentangled Representations of Sequential Data
cs.LG
We present a VAE architecture for encoding and generating high dimensional sequential data, such as video or audio. Our deep generative model learns a latent representation of the data which is split into a static and dynamic part, allowing us to approximately disentangle latent time-dependent features (dynamics) from ...
computer science
33,179
Reptile: a Scalable Metalearning Algorithm
cs.LG
This paper considers metalearning problems, where there is a distribution of tasks, and we would like to obtain an agent that performs well (i.e., learns quickly) when presented with a previously unseen task sampled from this distribution. We present a remarkably simple metalearning algorithm called Reptile, which lear...
computer science
33,180
Learning with Rules
cs.LG
Complex classifiers may exhibit "embarassing" failures in cases that would be easily classified and justified by a human. Avoiding such failures is obviously paramount, particularly in domains where we cannot accept this unexplained behavior. In this work, we focus on one such setting, where a label is perfectly predic...
computer science
33,181
Fast Decoding in Sequence Models using Discrete Latent Variables
cs.LG
Autoregressive sequence models based on deep neural networks, such as RNNs, Wavenet and the Transformer attain state-of-the-art results on many tasks. However, they are difficult to parallelize and are thus slow at processing long sequences. RNNs lack parallelism both during training and decoding, while architectures l...
computer science
33,182
Construction of neural networks for realization of localized deep learning
cs.LG
The subject of deep learning has recently attracted users of machine learning from various disciplines, including: medical diagnosis and bioinformatics, financial market analysis and online advertisement, speech and handwriting recognition, computer vision and natural language processing, time series forecasting, and s...
computer science
33,183
Sequential Outlier Detection based on Incremental Decision Trees
cs.LG
We introduce an online outlier detection algorithm to detect outliers in a sequentially observed data stream. For this purpose, we use a two-stage filtering and hedging approach. In the first stage, we construct a multi-modal probability density function to model the normal samples. In the second stage, given a new obs...
computer science
33,184
Generalization and Expressivity for Deep Nets
cs.LG
Along with the rapid development of deep learning in practice, the theoretical explanations for its success become urgent. Generalization and expressivity are two widely used measurements to quantify theoretical behaviors of deep learning. The expressivity focuses on finding functions expressible by deep nets but canno...
computer science
33,185
Kickstarting Deep Reinforcement Learning
cs.LG
We present a method for using previously-trained 'teacher' agents to kickstart the training of a new 'student' agent. To this end, we leverage ideas from policy distillation and population based training. Our method places no constraints on the architecture of the teacher or student agents, and it regulates itself to a...
computer science
33,186
Detecting Adversarial Examples via Neural Fingerprinting
cs.LG
Deep neural networks are vulnerable to adversarial examples, which dramatically alter model output using small input changes. We propose Neural Fingerprinting, a simple, yet effective method to detect adversarial examples by verifying whether model behavior is consistent with a set of secret fingerprints, inspired by t...
computer science
33,187
Incentives in the Dark: Multi-armed Bandits for Evolving Users with Unknown Type
cs.LG
Design of incentives or recommendations to users is becoming more common as platform providers continually emerge. We propose a multi-armed bandit approach to the problem in which users types are unknown a priori and evolve dynamically in time. Unlike the traditional bandit setting, observed rewards are generated by a ...
computer science
33,188
Sales forecasting using WaveNet within the framework of the Kaggle competition
cs.LG
We took part in the Corporacion Favorita Grocery Sales Forecasting competition hosted on Kaggle and achieved the 2nd place. In this abstract paper, we present an overall analysis and solution to the underlying machine-learning problem based on time series data, where major challenges are identified and corresponding pr...
computer science
33,189
Combinatorial Multi-Objective Multi-Armed Bandit Problem
cs.LG
In this paper, we introduce the COmbinatorial Multi-Objective Multi-Armed Bandit (COMO-MAB) problem that captures the challenges of combinatorial and multi-objective online learning simultaneously. In this setting, the goal of the learner is to choose an action at each time, whose reward vector is a linear combination ...
computer science
33,190
The Everlasting Database: Statistical Validity at a Fair Price
cs.LG
The problem of handling adaptivity in data analysis, intentional or not, permeates a variety of fields, including test-set overfitting in ML challenges and the accumulation of invalid scientific discoveries. We propose a mechanism for answering an arbitrarily long sequence of potentially adaptive statistical queries, b...
computer science
33,191
Spatial Graph Convolutions for Drug Discovery
cs.LG
Predicting the binding free energy, or affinity, of a small molecule for a protein target is frequently the first step along the arc of drug discovery. High throughput experimental and virtual screening both suffer from low accuracy, whereas more accurate approaches in both domains suffer from lack of scale due to eith...
computer science
33,192
Thompson Sampling for Combinatorial Semi-Bandits
cs.LG
We study the application of the Thompson Sampling (TS) methodology to the stochastic combinatorial multi-armed bandit (CMAB) framework. We analyze the standard TS algorithm for the general CMAB, and obtain the first distribution-dependent regret bound of $O(m\log T / \Delta_{\min}) $ for TS under general CMAB, where $m...
computer science
33,193
Policy Search in Continuous Action Domains: an Overview
cs.LG
Continuous action policy search, the search for efficient policies in continuous control tasks, is currently the focus of intensive research driven both by the recent success of deep reinforcement learning algorithms and by the emergence of competitors based on evolutionary algorithms. In this paper, we present a broad...
computer science
33,194
Model-Agnostic Private Learning via Stability
cs.LG
We design differentially private learning algorithms that are agnostic to the learning model. Our algorithms are interactive in nature, i.e., instead of outputting a model based on the training data, they provide predictions for a set of $m$ feature vectors that arrive online. We show that, for the feature vectors on w...
computer science
33,195
Latent Tree Variational Autoencoder for Joint Representation Learning and Multidimensional Clustering
cs.LG
Recently, deep learning based clustering methods are shown superior to traditional ones by jointly conducting representation learning and clustering. These methods rely on the assumptions that the number of clusters is known, and that there is one single partition over the data and all attributes define that partition....
computer science
33,196
Building Sparse Deep Feedforward Networks using Tree Receptive Fields
cs.LG
Sparse connectivity is an important factor behind the success of convolutional neural networks and recurrent neural networks. In this paper, we consider the problem of learning sparse connectivity for feedforward neural networks (FNNs). The key idea is that a unit should be connected to a small number of units at the n...
computer science
33,197
LSH Microbatches for Stochastic Gradients: Value in Rearrangement
cs.LG
Metric embeddings are immensely useful representation of interacting entities such as videos, users, search queries, online resources, words, and more. Embeddings are computed by optimizing a loss function of the form of a sum over provided associations so that relation of embedding vectors reflects strength of associa...
computer science
33,198
SUSTain: Scalable Unsupervised Scoring for Tensors and its Application to Phenotyping
cs.LG
This paper presents a new method, which we call SUSTain, that extends real-valued matrix and tensor factorizations to data where values are integers. Such data are common when the values correspond to event counts or ordinal measures. The conventional approach is to treat integer data as real, and then apply real-value...
computer science
33,199
Theory and Algorithms for Forecasting Time Series
cs.LG
We present data-dependent learning bounds for the general scenario of non-stationary non-mixing stochastic processes. Our learning guarantees are expressed in terms of a data-dependent measure of sequential complexity and a discrepancy measure that can be estimated from data under some mild assumptions. We also also pr...
computer science
33,200
Learning Sparse Deep Feedforward Networks via Tree Skeleton Expansion
cs.LG
Despite the popularity of deep learning, structure learning for deep models remains a relatively under-explored area. In contrast, structure learning has been studied extensively for probabilistic graphical models (PGMs). In particular, an efficient algorithm has been developed for learning a class of tree-structured P...
computer science
33,201
Distributed Computation as Hierarchy
cs.DC
This paper presents a new distributed computational model of distributed systems called the phase web that extends V. Pratt's orthocurrence relation from 1986. The model uses mutual-exclusion to express sequence, and a new kind of hierarchy to replace event sequences, posets, and pomsets. The model explicitly connects ...
computer science