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34,404
Introducing a Calculus of Effects and Handlers for Natural Language Semantics
cs.CL
In compositional model-theoretic semantics, researchers assemble truth-conditions or other kinds of denotations using the lambda calculus. It was previously observed that the lambda terms and/or the denotations studied tend to follow the same pattern: they are instances of a monad. In this paper, we present an extensio...
computer science
34,405
MOSI: Multimodal Corpus of Sentiment Intensity and Subjectivity Analysis in Online Opinion Videos
cs.CL
People are sharing their opinions, stories and reviews through online video sharing websites every day. Studying sentiment and subjectivity in these opinion videos is experiencing a growing attention from academia and industry. While sentiment analysis has been successful for text, it is an understudied research questi...
computer science
34,406
An empirical study on large scale text classification with skip-gram embeddings
cs.CL
We investigate the integration of word embeddings as classification features in the setting of large scale text classification. Such representations have been used in a plethora of tasks, however their application in classification scenarios with thousands of classes has not been extensively researched, partially due t...
computer science
34,407
Criticality in Formal Languages and Statistical Physics
cs.CL
We show that the mutual information between two symbols, as a function of the number of symbols between the two, decays exponentially in any probabilistic regular grammar, but can decay like a power law for a context-free grammar. This result about formal languages is closely related to a well-known result in classical...
computer science
34,408
Learning text representation using recurrent convolutional neural network with highway layers
cs.CL
Recently, the rapid development of word embedding and neural networks has brought new inspiration to various NLP and IR tasks. In this paper, we describe a staged hybrid model combining Recurrent Convolutional Neural Networks (RCNN) with highway layers. The highway network module is incorporated in the middle takes the...
computer science
34,409
Toward Word Embedding for Personalized Information Retrieval
cs.IR
This paper presents preliminary works on using Word Embedding (word2vec) for query expansion in the context of Personalized Information Retrieval. Traditionally, word embeddings are learned on a general corpus, like Wikipedia. In this work we try to personalize the word embeddings learning, by achieving the learning on...
computer science
34,410
Using Word Embeddings in Twitter Election Classification
cs.IR
Word embeddings and convolutional neural networks (CNN) have attracted extensive attention in various classification tasks for Twitter, e.g. sentiment classification. However, the effect of the configuration used to train and generate the word embeddings on the classification performance has not been studied in the exi...
computer science
34,411
Deep Feature Fusion Network for Answer Quality Prediction in Community Question Answering
cs.IR
Community Question Answering (cQA) forums have become a popular medium for soliciting direct answers to specific questions of users from experts or other experienced users on a given topic. However, for a given question, users sometimes have to sift through a large number of low-quality or irrelevant answers to find ou...
computer science
34,412
Toward a Deep Neural Approach for Knowledge-Based IR
cs.IR
This paper tackles the problem of the semantic gap between a document and a query within an ad-hoc information retrieval task. In this context, knowledge bases (KBs) have already been acknowledged as valuable means since they allow the representation of explicit relations between entities. However, they do not necessar...
computer science
34,413
Adaptability of Neural Networks on Varying Granularity IR Tasks
cs.IR
Recent work in Information Retrieval (IR) using Deep Learning models has yielded state of the art results on a variety of IR tasks. Deep neural networks (DNN) are capable of learning ideal representations of data during the training process, removing the need for independently extracting features. However, the structur...
computer science
34,414
Efficient Parallel Learning of Word2Vec
cs.CL
Since its introduction, Word2Vec and its variants are widely used to learn semantics-preserving representations of words or entities in an embedding space, which can be used to produce state-of-art results for various Natural Language Processing tasks. Existing implementations aim to learn efficiently by running multip...
computer science
34,415
Hierarchical Neural Language Models for Joint Representation of Streaming Documents and their Content
cs.CL
We consider the problem of learning distributed representations for documents in data streams. The documents are represented as low-dimensional vectors and are jointly learned with distributed vector representations of word tokens using a hierarchical framework with two embedded neural language models. In particular, w...
computer science
34,416
Representation learning for very short texts using weighted word embedding aggregation
cs.IR
Short text messages such as tweets are very noisy and sparse in their use of vocabulary. Traditional textual representations, such as tf-idf, have difficulty grasping the semantic meaning of such texts, which is important in applications such as event detection, opinion mining, news recommendation, etc. We constructed ...
computer science
34,417
A Maturity Model for Public Administration as Open Translation Data Providers
cs.CY
Any public administration that produces translation data can be a provider of useful reusable data to meet its own translation needs and the ones of other public organizations and private companies that work with texts of the same domain. These data can also be crucial to produce domain-tuned Machine Translation system...
computer science
34,418
Lexical Based Semantic Orientation of Online Customer Reviews and Blogs
cs.CL
Rapid increase in internet users along with growing power of online review sites and social media has given birth to sentiment analysis or opinion mining, which aims at determining what other people think and comment. Sentiments or Opinions contain public generated content about products, services, policies and politic...
computer science
34,419
Actionable and Political Text Classification using Word Embeddings and LSTM
cs.CL
In this work, we apply word embeddings and neural networks with Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) to text classification problems, where the classification criteria are decided by the context of the application. We examine two applications in particular. The first is that of Actionability, where we build models to classify...
computer science
34,420
Exploring the Political Agenda of the European Parliament Using a Dynamic Topic Modeling Approach
cs.CL
This study analyzes the political agenda of the European Parliament (EP) plenary, how it has evolved over time, and the manner in which Members of the European Parliament (MEPs) have reacted to external and internal stimuli when making plenary speeches. To unveil the plenary agenda and detect latent themes in legislati...
computer science
34,421
AudioPairBank: Towards A Large-Scale Tag-Pair-Based Audio Content Analysis
cs.SD
Recently, sound recognition has been used to identify sounds, such as car and river. However, sounds have nuances that may be better described by adjective-noun pairs such as slow car, and verb-noun pairs such as flying insects, which are under explored. Therefore, in this work we investigate the relation between audio...
computer science
34,422
Tie-breaker: Using language models to quantify gender bias in sports journalism
cs.CL
Gender bias is an increasingly important issue in sports journalism. In this work, we propose a language-model-based approach to quantify differences in questions posed to female vs. male athletes, and apply it to tennis post-match interviews. We find that journalists ask male players questions that are generally more ...
computer science
34,423
Identification of promising research directions using machine learning aided medical literature analysis
cs.CL
The rapidly expanding corpus of medical research literature presents major challenges in the understanding of previous work, the extraction of maximum information from collected data, and the identification of promising research directions. We present a case for the use of advanced machine learning techniques as an aid...
computer science
34,424
A Novel Information Theoretic Framework for Finding Semantic Similarity in WordNet
cs.IR
Information content (IC) based measures for finding semantic similarity is gaining preferences day by day. Semantics of concepts can be highly characterized by information theory. The conventional way for calculating IC is based on the probability of appearance of concepts in corpora. Due to data sparseness and corpora...
computer science
34,425
A Supervised Authorship Attribution Framework for Bengali Language
cs.CL
Authorship Attribution is a long-standing problem in Natural Language Processing. Several statistical and computational methods have been used to find a solution to this problem. In this paper, we have proposed methods to deal with the authorship attribution problem in Bengali.
computer science
34,426
How scientific literature has been evolving over the time? A novel statistical approach using tracking verbal-based methods
cs.CL
This paper provides a global vision of the scientific publications related with the Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE), taking as starting point abstracts of articles. Through the time, abstracts have been evolving towards higher complexity on used terminology, which makes necessary the use of sophisticated statistical...
computer science
34,427
Labeling of Query Words using Conditional Random Field
cs.IR
This paper describes our approach on Query Word Labeling as an attempt in the shared task on Mixed Script Information Retrieval at Forum for Information Retrieval Evaluation (FIRE) 2015. The query is written in Roman script and the words were in English or transliterated from Indian regional languages. A total of eight...
computer science
34,428
Evolutionary forces in language change
cs.CL
Languages and genes are both transmitted from generation to generation, with opportunity for differential reproduction and survivorship of forms. Here we apply a rigorous inference framework, drawn from population genetics, to distinguish between two broad mechanisms of language change: drift and selection. Drift is ch...
computer science
34,429
Query Clustering using Segment Specific Context Embeddings
cs.IR
This paper presents a novel query clustering approach to capture the broad interest areas of users querying search engines. We make use of recent advances in NLP - word2vec and extend it to get query2vec, vector representations of queries, based on query contexts, obtained from the top search results for the query and ...
computer science
34,430
Quantum Algorithms for Compositional Natural Language Processing
cs.CL
We propose a new application of quantum computing to the field of natural language processing. Ongoing work in this field attempts to incorporate grammatical structure into algorithms that compute meaning. In (Coecke, Sadrzadeh and Clark, 2010), the authors introduce such a model (the CSC model) based on tensor product...
computer science
34,431
Bridging the Gap: Incorporating a Semantic Similarity Measure for Effectively Mapping PubMed Queries to Documents
cs.CL
The main approach of traditional information retrieval (IR) is to examine how many words from a query appear in a document. A drawback of this approach, however, is that it may fail to detect relevant documents where no or only few words from a query are found. The semantic analysis methods such as LSA (latent semantic...
computer science
34,432
OCR of historical printings with an application to building diachronic corpora: A case study using the RIDGES herbal corpus
cs.CL
This article describes the results of a case study that applies Neural Network-based Optical Character Recognition (OCR) to scanned images of books printed between 1487 and 1870 by training the OCR engine OCRopus [@breuel2013high] on the RIDGES herbal text corpus [@OdebrechtEtAlSubmitted]. Training specific OCR models ...
computer science
34,433
Automating Political Bias Prediction
cs.SI
Every day media generate large amounts of text. An unbiased view on media reports requires an understanding of the political bias of media content. Assistive technology for estimating the political bias of texts can be helpful in this context. This study proposes a simple statistical learning approach to predict politi...
computer science
34,434
Reconciling Lambek's restriction, cut-elimination, and substitution in the presence of exponential modalities
math.LO
The Lambek calculus can be considered as a version of non-commutative intuitionistic linear logic. One of the interesting features of the Lambek calculus is the so-called "Lambek's restriction," that is, the antecedent of any provable sequent should be non-empty. In this paper we discuss ways of extending the Lambek ca...
computer science
34,435
Incorporation of Speech Duration Information in Score Fusion of Speaker Recognition Systems
cs.SD
In recent years identity-vector (i-vector) based speaker verification (SV) systems have become very successful. Nevertheless, environmental noise and speech duration variability still have a significant effect on degrading the performance of these systems. In many real-life applications, duration of recordings are very...
computer science
34,436
Topic Modelling and Event Identification from Twitter Textual Data
cs.SI
The tremendous growth of social media content on the Internet has inspired the development of the text analytics to understand and solve real-life problems. Leveraging statistical topic modelling helps researchers and practitioners in better comprehension of textual content as well as provides useful information for fu...
computer science
34,437
TweeTime: A Minimally Supervised Method for Recognizing and Normalizing Time Expressions in Twitter
cs.IR
We describe TweeTIME, a temporal tagger for recognizing and normalizing time expressions in Twitter. Most previous work in social media analysis has to rely on temporal resolvers that are designed for well-edited text, and therefore suffer from the reduced performance due to domain mismatch. We present a minimally supe...
computer science
34,438
Growing Graphs with Hyperedge Replacement Graph Grammars
cs.SI
Discovering the underlying structures present in large real world graphs is a fundamental scientific problem. In this paper we show that a graph's clique tree can be used to extract a hyperedge replacement grammar. If we store an ordering from the extraction process, the extracted graph grammar is guaranteed to generat...
computer science
34,439
Extracting Biological Pathway Models From NLP Event Representations
cs.CL
This paper describes an an open-source software system for the automatic conversion of NLP event representations to system biology structured data interchange formats such as SBML and BioPAX. It is part of a larger effort to make results of the NLP community available for system biology pathway modelers.
computer science
34,440
Measuring the State of the Art of Automated Pathway Curation Using Graph Algorithms - A Case Study of the mTOR Pathway
cs.CL
This paper evaluates the difference between human pathway curation and current NLP systems. We propose graph analysis methods for quantifying the gap between human curated pathway maps and the output of state-of-the-art automatic NLP systems. Evaluation is performed on the popular mTOR pathway. Based on analyzing where...
computer science
34,441
Undecidability of the Lambek calculus with subexponential and bracket modalities
math.LO
The Lambek calculus is a well-known logical formalism for modelling natural language syntax. The original calculus covered a substantial number of intricate natural language phenomena, but only those restricted to the context-free setting. In order to address more subtle linguistic issues, the Lambek calculus has been ...
computer science
34,442
Attribute Extraction from Product Titles in eCommerce
cs.CL
This paper presents a named entity extraction system for detecting attributes in product titles of eCommerce retailers like Walmart. The absence of syntactic structure in such short pieces of text makes extracting attribute values a challenging problem. We find that combining sequence labeling algorithms such as Condit...
computer science
34,443
Learning Latent Local Conversation Modes for Predicting Community Endorsement in Online Discussions
cs.SI
Many social media platforms offer a mechanism for readers to react to comments, both positively and negatively, which in aggregate can be thought of as community endorsement. This paper addresses the problem of predicting community endorsement in online discussions, leveraging both the participant response structure an...
computer science
34,444
Tracking Amendments to Legislation and Other Political Texts with a Novel Minimum-Edit-Distance Algorithm: DocuToads
cs.CL
Political scientists often find themselves tracking amendments to political texts. As different actors weigh in, texts change as they are drafted and redrafted, reflecting political preferences and power. This study provides a novel solution to the prob- lem of detecting amendments to political text based upon minimum ...
computer science
34,445
Using Semantic Similarity for Input Topic Identification in Crawling-based Web Application Testing
cs.SE
To automatically test web applications, crawling-based techniques are usually adopted to mine the behavior models, explore the state spaces or detect the violated invariants of the applications. However, in existing crawlers, rules for identifying the topics of input text fields, such as login ids, passwords, emails, d...
computer science
34,446
Lexical Query Modeling in Session Search
cs.IR
Lexical query modeling has been the leading paradigm for session search. In this paper, we analyze TREC session query logs and compare the performance of different lexical matching approaches for session search. Naive methods based on term frequency weighing perform on par with specialized session models. In addition, ...
computer science
34,447
A Novel Term_Class Relevance Measure for Text Categorization
cs.IR
In this paper, we introduce a new measure called Term_Class relevance to compute the relevancy of a term in classifying a document into a particular class. The proposed measure estimates the degree of relevance of a given term, in placing an unlabeled document to be a member of a known class, as a product of Class_Term...
computer science
34,448
All Fingers are not Equal: Intensity of References in Scientific Articles
cs.CL
Research accomplishment is usually measured by considering all citations with equal importance, thus ignoring the wide variety of purposes an article is being cited for. Here, we posit that measuring the intensity of a reference is crucial not only to perceive better understanding of research endeavor, but also to impr...
computer science
34,449
Identifying Dogmatism in Social Media: Signals and Models
cs.CL
We explore linguistic and behavioral features of dogmatism in social media and construct statistical models that can identify dogmatic comments. Our model is based on a corpus of Reddit posts, collected across a diverse set of conversational topics and annotated via paid crowdsourcing. We operationalize key aspects of ...
computer science
34,450
Citation Classification for Behavioral Analysis of a Scientific Field
cs.CL
Citations are an important indicator of the state of a scientific field, reflecting how authors frame their work, and influencing uptake by future scholars. However, our understanding of citation behavior has been limited to small-scale manual citation analysis. We perform the largest behavioral study of citations to d...
computer science
34,451
SynsetRank: Degree-adjusted Random Walk for Relation Identification
cs.CL
In relation extraction, a key process is to obtain good detectors that find relevant sentences describing the target relation. To minimize the necessity of labeled data for refining detectors, previous work successfully made use of BabelNet, a semantic graph structure expressing relationships between synsets, as side i...
computer science
34,452
Lexical-Morphological Modeling for Legal Text Analysis
cs.IR
In the context of the Competition on Legal Information Extraction/Entailment (COLIEE), we propose a method comprising the necessary steps for finding relevant documents to a legal question and deciding on textual entailment evidence to provide a correct answer. The proposed method is based on the combination of several...
computer science
34,453
Automatically extracting, ranking and visually summarizing the treatments for a disease
cs.CL
Clinicians are expected to have up-to-date and broad knowledge of disease treatment options for a patient. Online health knowledge resources contain a wealth of information. However, because of the time investment needed to disseminate and rank pertinent information, there is a need to summarize the information in a mo...
computer science
34,454
Using Natural Language Processing to Screen Patients with Active Heart Failure: An Exploration for Hospital-wide Surveillance
cs.CL
In this paper, we proposed two different approaches, a rule-based approach and a machine-learning based approach, to identify active heart failure cases automatically by analyzing electronic health records (EHR). For the rule-based approach, we extracted cardiovascular data elements from clinical notes and matched pati...
computer science
34,455
CRTS: A type system for representing clinical recommendations
cs.CL
Background: Clinical guidelines and recommendations are the driving wheels of the evidence-based medicine (EBM) paradigm, but these are available primarily as unstructured text and are generally highly heterogeneous in nature. This significantly reduces the dissemination and automatic application of these recommendatio...
computer science
34,456
An Information Extraction Approach to Prescreen Heart Failure Patients for Clinical Trials
cs.CL
To reduce the large amount of time spent screening, identifying, and recruiting patients into clinical trials, we need prescreening systems that are able to automate the data extraction and decision-making tasks that are typically relegated to clinical research study coordinators. However, a major obstacle is the vast ...
computer science
34,457
A Hybrid Citation Retrieval Algorithm for Evidence-based Clinical Knowledge Summarization: Combining Concept Extraction, Vector Similarity and Query Expansion for High Precision
cs.CL
Novel information retrieval methods to identify citations relevant to a clinical topic can overcome the knowledge gap existing between the primary literature (MEDLINE) and online clinical knowledge resources such as UpToDate. Searching the MEDLINE database directly or with query expansion methods returns a large number...
computer science
34,458
Divide and...conquer? On the limits of algorithmic approaches to syntactic semantic structure
cs.CL
In computer science, divide and conquer (D&C) is an algorithm design paradigm based on multi-branched recursion. A D&C algorithm works by recursively and monotonically breaking down a problem into sub problems of the same (or a related) type, until these become simple enough to be solved directly. The solutions to the ...
computer science
34,459
An Adaptive Psychoacoustic Model for Automatic Speech Recognition
cs.CL
Compared with automatic speech recognition (ASR), the human auditory system is more adept at handling noise-adverse situations, including environmental noise and channel distortion. To mimic this adeptness, auditory models have been widely incorporated in ASR systems to improve their robustness. This paper proposes a n...
computer science
34,460
Intrinsic normalization and extrinsic denormalization of formant data of vowels
cs.SD
Using a known speaker-intrinsic normalization procedure, formant data are scaled by the reciprocal of the geometric mean of the first three formant frequencies. This reduces the influence of the talker but results in a distorted vowel space. The proposed speaker-extrinsic procedure re-scales the normalized values by th...
computer science
34,461
Interactive Spoken Content Retrieval by Deep Reinforcement Learning
cs.CL
User-machine interaction is important for spoken content retrieval. For text content retrieval, the user can easily scan through and select on a list of retrieved item. This is impossible for spoken content retrieval, because the retrieved items are difficult to show on screen. Besides, due to the high degree of uncert...
computer science
34,462
Select-Additive Learning: Improving Generalization in Multimodal Sentiment Analysis
cs.CL
Multimodal sentiment analysis is drawing an increasing amount of attention these days. It enables mining of opinions in video reviews which are now available aplenty on online platforms. However, multimodal sentiment analysis has only a few high-quality data sets annotated for training machine learning algorithms. Thes...
computer science
34,463
KU-ISPL Language Recognition System for NIST 2015 i-Vector Machine Learning Challenge
cs.SD
In language recognition, the task of rejecting/differentiating closely spaced versus acoustically far spaced languages remains a major challenge. For confusable closely spaced languages, the system needs longer input test duration material to obtain sufficient information to distinguish between languages. Alternatively...
computer science
34,464
A New Statistic Feature of the Short-Time Amplitude Spectrum Values for Human's Unvoiced Pronunciation
cs.SD
In this paper, a new statistic feature of the discrete short-time amplitude spectrum is discovered by experiments for the signals of unvoiced pronunciation. For the random-varying short-time spectrum, this feature reveals the relationship between the amplitude's average and its standard for every frequency component. O...
computer science
34,465
Speaker Recognition for Children's Speech
cs.SD
This paper presents results on Speaker Recognition (SR) for children's speech, using the OGI Kids corpus and GMM-UBM and GMM-SVM SR systems. Regions of the spectrum containing important speaker information for children are identified by conducting SR experiments over 21 frequency bands. As for adults, the spectrum can ...
computer science
34,466
Existence of Hierarchies and Human's Pursuit of Top Hierarchy Lead to Power Law
cs.CL
The power law is ubiquitous in natural and social phenomena, and is considered as a universal relationship between the frequency and its rank for diverse social systems. However, a general model is still lacking to interpret why these seemingly unrelated systems share great similarity. Through a detailed analysis of na...
computer science
34,467
A Hackathon for Classical Tibetan
cs.CL
We describe the course of a hackathon dedicated to the development of linguistic tools for Tibetan Buddhist studies. Over a period of five days, a group of seventeen scholars, scientists, and students developed and compared algorithms for intertextual alignment and text classification, along with some basic language to...
computer science
34,468
Local Training for PLDA in Speaker Verification
cs.SD
PLDA is a popular normalization approach for the i-vector model, and it has delivered state-of-the-art performance in speaker verification. However, PLDA training requires a large amount of labeled development data, which is highly expensive in most cases. A possible approach to mitigate the problem is various unsuperv...
computer science
34,469
Collaborative Learning for Language and Speaker Recognition
cs.SD
This paper presents a unified model to perform language and speaker recognition simultaneously and altogether. The model is based on a multi-task recurrent neural network where the output of one task is fed as the input of the other, leading to a collaborative learning framework that can improve both language and speak...
computer science
34,470
WS4A: a Biomedical Question and Answering System based on public Web Services and Ontologies
cs.CL
This paper describes our system, dubbed WS4A (Web Services for All), that participated in the fourth edition of the BioASQ challenge (2016). We used WS4A to perform the Question and Answering (QA) task 4b, which consisted on the retrieval of relevant concepts, documents, snippets, RDF triples, exact answers and ideal a...
computer science
34,471
Using Natural Language Processing and Qualitative Analysis to Intervene in Gang Violence: A Collaboration Between Social Work Researchers and Data Scientists
cs.CY
The U.S. has the highest rate of firearm-related deaths when compared to other industrialized countries. Violence particularly affects low-income, urban neighborhoods in cities like Chicago, which saw a 40% increase in firearm violence from 2014 to 2015 to more than 3,000 shooting victims. While recent studies have fou...
computer science
34,472
Stance Classification in Rumours as a Sequential Task Exploiting the Tree Structure of Social Media Conversations
cs.CL
Rumour stance classification, the task that determines if each tweet in a collection discussing a rumour is supporting, denying, questioning or simply commenting on the rumour, has been attracting substantial interest. Here we introduce a novel approach that makes use of the sequence of transitions observed in tree-str...
computer science
34,473
An Arabic-Hebrew parallel corpus of TED talks
cs.CL
We describe an Arabic-Hebrew parallel corpus of TED talks built upon WIT3, the Web inventory that repurposes the original content of the TED website in a way which is more convenient for MT researchers. The benchmark consists of about 2,000 talks, whose subtitles in Arabic and Hebrew have been accurately aligned and re...
computer science
34,474
Monaural Multi-Talker Speech Recognition using Factorial Speech Processing Models
cs.CL
A Pascal challenge entitled monaural multi-talker speech recognition was developed, targeting the problem of robust automatic speech recognition against speech like noises which significantly degrades the performance of automatic speech recognition systems. In this challenge, two competing speakers say a simple command...
computer science
34,475
Divide-and-Conquer based Ensemble to Spot Emotions in Speech using MFCC and Random Forest
cs.SD
Besides spoken words, speech signals also carry information about speaker gender, age, and emotional state which can be used in a variety of speech analysis applications. In this paper, a divide and conquer strategy for ensemble classification has been proposed to recognize emotions in speech. Intrinsic hierarchy in em...
computer science
34,476
Comparative study of LSA vs Word2vec embeddings in small corpora: a case study in dreams database
cs.CL
Word embeddings have been extensively studied in large text datasets. However, only a few studies analyze semantic representations of small corpora, particularly relevant in single-person text production studies. In the present paper, we compare Skip-gram and LSA capabilities in this scenario, and we test both techniqu...
computer science
34,477
Summarizing Situational and Topical Information During Crises
cs.SI
The use of microblogging platforms such as Twitter during crises has become widespread. More importantly, information disseminated by affected people contains useful information like reports of missing and found people, requests for urgent needs etc. For rapid crisis response, humanitarian organizations look for situat...
computer science
34,478
Automatic Detection of Small Groups of Persons, Influential Members, Relations and Hierarchy in Written Conversations Using Fuzzy Logic
cs.CL
Nowadays a lot of data is collected in online forums. One of the key tasks is to determine the social structure of these online groups, for example the identification of subgroups within a larger group. We will approach the grouping of individual as a classification problem. The classifier will be based on fuzzy logic....
computer science
34,479
A Robust Framework for Classifying Evolving Document Streams in an Expert-Machine-Crowd Setting
cs.CL
An emerging challenge in the online classification of social media data streams is to keep the categories used for classification up-to-date. In this paper, we propose an innovative framework based on an Expert-Machine-Crowd (EMC) triad to help categorize items by continuously identifying novel concepts in heterogeneou...
computer science
34,480
Mining the Web for Pharmacovigilance: the Case Study of Duloxetine and Venlafaxine
cs.CL
Adverse reactions caused by drugs following their release into the market are among the leading causes of death in many countries. The rapid growth of electronically available health related information, and the ability to process large volumes of them automatically, using natural language processing (NLP) and machine ...
computer science
34,481
Emergence of linguistic laws in human voice
cs.CL
Linguistic laws constitute one of the quantitative cornerstones of modern cognitive sciences and have been routinely investigated in written corpora, or in the equivalent transcription of oral corpora. This means that inferences of statistical patterns of language in acoustics are biased by the arbitrary, language-depe...
computer science
34,482
Investigation of Synthetic Speech Detection Using Frame- and Segment-Specific Importance Weighting
cs.SD
Speaker verification systems are vulnerable to spoofing attacks which presents a major problem in their real-life deployment. To date, most of the proposed synthetic speech detectors (SSDs) have weighted the importance of different segments of speech equally. However, different attack methods have different strengths a...
computer science
34,483
Correlation-Based Method for Sentiment Classification
cs.CL
The classic supervised classification algorithms are efficient, but time-consuming, complicated and not interpretable, which makes it difficult to analyze their results that limits the possibility to improve them based on real observations. In this paper, we propose a new and a simple classifier to predict a sentiment ...
computer science
34,484
Semi-supervised Discovery of Informative Tweets During the Emerging Disasters
cs.CL
The first objective towards the effective use of microblogging services such as Twitter for situational awareness during the emerging disasters is discovery of the disaster-related postings. Given the wide range of possible disasters, using a pre-selected set of disaster-related keywords for the discovery is suboptimal...
computer science
34,485
Dialogue Session Segmentation by Embedding-Enhanced TextTiling
cs.CL
In human-computer conversation systems, the context of a user-issued utterance is particularly important because it provides useful background information of the conversation. However, it is unwise to track all previous utterances in the current session as not all of them are equally important. In this paper, we addres...
computer science
34,486
A Comprehensive Comparative Study of Word and Sentence Similarity Measures
cs.IR
Sentence similarity is considered the basis of many natural language tasks such as information retrieval, question answering and text summarization. The semantic meaning between compared text fragments is based on the words semantic features and their relationships. This article reviews a set of word and sentence simil...
computer science
34,487
Term-Class-Max-Support (TCMS): A Simple Text Document Categorization Approach Using Term-Class Relevance Measure
cs.IR
In this paper, a simple text categorization method using term-class relevance measures is proposed. Initially, text documents are processed to extract significant terms present in them. For every term extracted from a document, we compute its importance in preserving the content of a class through a novel term-weightin...
computer science
34,488
The infochemical core
cs.CL
Vocalizations and less often gestures have been the object of linguistic research over decades. However, the development of a general theory of communication with human language as a particular case requires a clear understanding of the organization of communication through other means. Infochemicals are chemical compo...
computer science
34,489
Dis-S2V: Discourse Informed Sen2Vec
cs.CL
Vector representation of sentences is important for many text processing tasks that involve clustering, classifying, or ranking sentences. Recently, distributed representation of sentences learned by neural models from unlabeled data has been shown to outperform the traditional bag-of-words representation. However, mos...
computer science
34,490
Modeling Ambiguity, Subjectivity, and Diverging Viewpoints in Opinion Question Answering Systems
cs.IR
Product review websites provide an incredible lens into the wide variety of opinions and experiences of different people, and play a critical role in helping users discover products that match their personal needs and preferences. To help address questions that can't easily be answered by reading others' reviews, some ...
computer science
34,491
Text Segmentation using Named Entity Recognition and Co-reference Resolution in English and Greek Texts
cs.CL
In this paper we examine the benefit of performing named entity recognition (NER) and co-reference resolution to an English and a Greek corpus used for text segmentation. The aim here is to examine whether the combination of text segmentation and information extraction can be beneficial for the identification of the va...
computer science
34,492
Sentiment Analysis of Review Datasets Using Naive Bayes and K-NN Classifier
cs.IR
The advent of Web 2.0 has led to an increase in the amount of sentimental content available in the Web. Such content is often found in social media web sites in the form of movie or product reviews, user comments, testimonials, messages in discussion forums etc. Timely discovery of the sentimental or opinionated web co...
computer science
34,493
CBAS: context based arabic stemmer
cs.CL
Arabic morphology encapsulates many valuable features such as word root. Arabic roots are being utilized for many tasks; the process of extracting a word root is referred to as stemming. Stemming is an essential part of most Natural Language Processing tasks, especially for derivative languages such as Arabic. However,...
computer science
34,494
Measuring Asymmetric Opinions on Online Social Interrelationship with Language and Network Features
cs.SI
Instead of studying the properties of social relationship from an objective view, in this paper, we focus on individuals' subjective and asymmetric opinions on their interrelationships. Inspired by the theories from sociolinguistics, we investigate two individuals' opinions on their interrelationship with their interac...
computer science
34,495
Structure vs. Language: Investigating the Multi-factors of Asymmetric Opinions on Online Social Interrelationship with a Case Study
cs.SI
Though current researches often study the properties of online social relationship from an objective view, we also need to understand individuals' subjective opinions on their interrelationships in social computing studies. Inspired by the theories from sociolinguistics, the latest work indicates that interactive langu...
computer science
34,496
Domain Adaptation For Formant Estimation Using Deep Learning
cs.CL
In this paper we present a domain adaptation technique for formant estimation using a deep network. We first train a deep learning network on a small read speech dataset. We then freeze the parameters of the trained network and use several different datasets to train an adaptation layer that makes the obtained network ...
computer science
34,497
Truth Discovery with Memory Network
cs.CL
Truth discovery is to resolve conflicts and find the truth from multiple-source statements. Conventional methods mostly research based on the mutual effect between the reliability of sources and the credibility of statements, however, pay no attention to the mutual effect among the credibility of statements about the s...
computer science
34,498
Automatic recognition of child speech for robotic applications in noisy environments
cs.CL
Automatic speech recognition (ASR) allows a natural and intuitive interface for robotic educational applications for children. However there are a number of challenges to overcome to allow such an interface to operate robustly in realistic settings, including the intrinsic difficulties of recognising child speech and h...
computer science
34,499
An Automated System for Essay Scoring of Online Exams in Arabic based on Stemming Techniques and Levenshtein Edit Operations
cs.IR
In this article, an automated system is proposed for essay scoring in Arabic language for online exams based on stemming techniques and Levenshtein edit operations. An online exam has been developed on the proposed mechanisms, exploiting the capabilities of light and heavy stemming. The implemented online grading syste...
computer science
34,500
Increasing the throughput of machine translation systems using clouds
cs.CL
The manuscript presents an experiment at implementation of a Machine Translation system in a MapReduce model. The empirical evaluation was done using fully implemented translation systems embedded into the MapReduce programming model. Two machine translation paradigms were studied: shallow transfer Rule Based Machine T...
computer science
34,501
Getting Started with Neural Models for Semantic Matching in Web Search
cs.IR
The vocabulary mismatch problem is a long-standing problem in information retrieval. Semantic matching holds the promise of solving the problem. Recent advances in language technology have given rise to unsupervised neural models for learning representations of words as well as bigger textual units. Such representation...
computer science
34,502
Landmark-based consonant voicing detection on multilingual corpora
cs.CL
This paper tests the hypothesis that distinctive feature classifiers anchored at phonetic landmarks can be transferred cross-lingually without loss of accuracy. Three consonant voicing classifiers were developed: (1) manually selected acoustic features anchored at a phonetic landmark, (2) MFCCs (either averaged across ...
computer science
34,503
Generalized Entropies and the Similarity of Texts
cs.CL
We show how generalized Gibbs-Shannon entropies can provide new insights on the statistical properties of texts. The universal distribution of word frequencies (Zipf's law) implies that the generalized entropies, computed at the word level, are dominated by words in a specific range of frequencies. Here we show that th...
computer science