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34,504
Quantitative Entropy Study of Language Complexity
cs.CL
We study the entropy of Chinese and English texts, based on characters in case of Chinese texts and based on words for both languages. Significant differences are found between the languages and between different personal styles of debating partners. The entropy analysis points in the direction of lower entropy, that i...
computer science
34,505
The Role of Word Length in Semantic Topology
cs.CL
A topological argument is presented concering the structure of semantic space, based on the negative correlation between polysemy and word length. The resulting graph structure is applied to the modeling of free-recall experiments, resulting in predictions on the comparative values of recall probabilities. Associative ...
computer science
34,506
Interpreting the Syntactic and Social Elements of the Tweet Representations via Elementary Property Prediction Tasks
cs.CL
Research in social media analysis is experiencing a recent surge with a large number of works applying representation learning models to solve high-level syntactico-semantic tasks such as sentiment analysis, semantic textual similarity computation, hashtag prediction and so on. Although the performance of the represent...
computer science
34,507
Visualizing Linguistic Shift
cs.CL
Neural network based models are a very powerful tool for creating word embeddings, the objective of these models is to group similar words together. These embeddings have been used as features to improve results in various applications such as document classification, named entity recognition, etc. Neural language mode...
computer science
34,508
Ontology Driven Disease Incidence Detection on Twitter
cs.CL
In this work we address the issue of generic automated disease incidence monitoring on twitter. We employ an ontology of disease related concepts and use it to obtain a conceptual representation of tweets. Unlike previous key word based systems and topic modeling approaches, our ontological approach allows us to apply ...
computer science
34,509
User Personalized Satisfaction Prediction via Multiple Instance Deep Learning
cs.IR
Community based question answering services have arisen as a popular knowledge sharing pattern for netizens. With abundant interactions among users, individuals are capable of obtaining satisfactory information. However, it is not effective for users to attain answers within minutes. Users have to check the progress ov...
computer science
34,510
Question Retrieval for Community-based Question Answering via Heterogeneous Network Integration Learning
cs.IR
Community based question answering platforms have attracted substantial users to share knowledge and learn from each other. As the rapid enlargement of CQA platforms, quantities of overlapped questions emerge, which makes users confounded to select a proper reference. It is urgent for us to take effective automated alg...
computer science
34,511
The polysemy of the words that children learn over time
cs.CL
Here we study polysemy as a potential learning bias in vocabulary learning in children. We employ a massive set of transcriptions of conversations between children and adults in English, to analyze the evolution of mean polysemy in the words produced by children whose ages range between 10 and 60 months. Our results sh...
computer science
34,512
A theory of interpretive clustering in free recall
cs.CL
A stochastic model of short-term verbal memory is proposed, in which the psychological state of the subject is encoded as the instantaneous position of a particle diffusing over a semantic graph with a probabilistic structure. The model is particularly suitable for studying the dependence of free-recall observables on ...
computer science
34,513
Statistical Properties of European Languages and Voynich Manuscript Analysis
stat.AP
The statistical properties of letters frequencies in European literature texts are investigated. The determination of logarithmic dependence of letters sequence for one-language and two-language texts are examined. The pare of languages is suggested for Voynich Manuscript. The internal structure of Manuscript is consid...
computer science
34,514
Joint Copying and Restricted Generation for Paraphrase
cs.CL
Many natural language generation tasks, such as abstractive summarization and text simplification, are paraphrase-orientated. In these tasks, copying and rewriting are two main writing modes. Most previous sequence-to-sequence (Seq2Seq) models use a single decoder and neglect this fact. In this paper, we develop a nove...
computer science
34,515
Improving Multi-Document Summarization via Text Classification
cs.CL
Developed so far, multi-document summarization has reached its bottleneck due to the lack of sufficient training data and diverse categories of documents. Text classification just makes up for these deficiencies. In this paper, we propose a novel summarization system called TCSum, which leverages plentiful text classif...
computer science
34,516
MS MARCO: A Human Generated MAchine Reading COmprehension Dataset
cs.CL
This paper presents our recent work on the design and development of a new, large scale dataset, which we name MS MARCO, for MAchine Reading COmprehension.This new dataset is aimed to overcome a number of well-known weaknesses of previous publicly available datasets for the same task of reading comprehension and questi...
computer science
34,517
Sentiment Analysis for Twitter : Going Beyond Tweet Text
cs.CL
Analysing sentiment of tweets is important as it helps to determine the users' opinion. Knowing people's opinion is crucial for several purposes starting from gathering knowledge about customer base, e-governance, campaigning and many more. In this report, we aim to develop a system to detect the sentiment from tweets....
computer science
34,518
Self-Taught Convolutional Neural Networks for Short Text Clustering
cs.IR
Short text clustering is a challenging problem due to its sparseness of text representation. Here we propose a flexible Self-Taught Convolutional neural network framework for Short Text Clustering (dubbed STC^2), which can flexibly and successfully incorporate more useful semantic features and learn non-biased deep tex...
computer science
34,519
Pyndri: a Python Interface to the Indri Search Engine
cs.IR
We introduce pyndri, a Python interface to the Indri search engine. Pyndri allows to access Indri indexes from Python at two levels: (1) dictionary and tokenized document collection, (2) evaluating queries on the index. We hope that with the release of pyndri, we will stimulate reproducible, open and fast-paced IR rese...
computer science
34,520
World Literature According to Wikipedia: Introduction to a DBpedia-Based Framework
cs.IR
Among the manifold takes on world literature, it is our goal to contribute to the discussion from a digital point of view by analyzing the representation of world literature in Wikipedia with its millions of articles in hundreds of languages. As a preliminary, we introduce and compare three different approaches to iden...
computer science
34,521
Exploration of Proximity Heuristics in Length Normalization
cs.IR
Ranking functions used in information retrieval are primarily used in the search engines and they are often adopted for various language processing applications. However, features used in the construction of ranking functions should be analyzed before applying it on a data set. This paper gives guidelines on constructi...
computer science
34,522
Crowdsourcing Ground Truth for Medical Relation Extraction
cs.CL
Cognitive computing systems require human labeled data for evaluation, and often for training. The standard practice used in gathering this data minimizes disagreement between annotators, and we have found this results in data that fails to account for the ambiguity inherent in language. We have proposed the CrowdTruth...
computer science
34,523
Decoding with Finite-State Transducers on GPUs
cs.CL
Weighted finite automata and transducers (including hidden Markov models and conditional random fields) are widely used in natural language processing (NLP) to perform tasks such as morphological analysis, part-of-speech tagging, chunking, named entity recognition, speech recognition, and others. Parallelizing finite s...
computer science
34,524
Scalable, Trie-based Approximate Entity Extraction for Real-Time Financial Transaction Screening
cs.CL
Financial institutions have to screen their transactions to ensure that they are not affiliated with terrorism entities. Developing appropriate solutions to detect such affiliations precisely while avoiding any kind of interruption to large amount of legitimate transactions is essential. In this paper, we present build...
computer science
34,525
Balancing Novelty and Salience: Adaptive Learning to Rank Entities for Timeline Summarization of High-impact Events
cs.IR
Long-running, high-impact events such as the Boston Marathon bombing often develop through many stages and involve a large number of entities in their unfolding. Timeline summarization of an event by key sentences eases story digestion, but does not distinguish between what a user remembers and what she might want to r...
computer science
34,526
The Birth of Collective Memories: Analyzing Emerging Entities in Text Streams
cs.IR
We study how collective memories are formed online. We do so by tracking entities that emerge in public discourse, that is, in online text streams such as social media and news streams, before they are incorporated into Wikipedia, which, we argue, can be viewed as an online place for collective memory. By tracking how ...
computer science
34,527
Semantic classifier approach to document classification
cs.IR
In this paper we propose a new document classification method, bridging discrepancies (so-called semantic gap) between the training set and the application sets of textual data. We demonstrate its superiority over classical text classification approaches, including traditional classifier ensembles. The method consists ...
computer science
34,528
Community Question Answering Platforms vs. Twitter for Predicting Characteristics of Urban Neighbourhoods
cs.CL
In this paper, we investigate whether text from a Community Question Answering (QA) platform can be used to predict and describe real-world attributes. We experiment with predicting a wide range of 62 demographic attributes for neighbourhoods of London. We use the text from QA platform of Yahoo! Answers and compare our...
computer science
34,529
Match-Tensor: a Deep Relevance Model for Search
cs.IR
The application of Deep Neural Networks for ranking in search engines may obviate the need for the extensive feature engineering common to current learning-to-rank methods. However, we show that combining simple relevance matching features like BM25 with existing Deep Neural Net models often substantially improves the ...
computer science
34,530
Statistical Analysis on Bangla Newspaper Data to Extract Trending Topic and Visualize Its Change Over Time
cs.IR
Trending topic of newspapers is an indicator to understand the situation of a country and also a way to evaluate the particular newspaper. This paper represents a model describing few techniques to select trending topics from Bangla Newspaper. Topics that are discussed more frequently than other in Bangla newspaper wil...
computer science
34,531
A Comprehensive Survey on Bengali Phoneme Recognition
cs.SD
Hidden Markov model based various phoneme recognition methods for Bengali language is reviewed. Automatic phoneme recognition for Bengali language using multilayer neural network is reviewed. Usefulness of multilayer neural network over single layer neural network is discussed. Bangla phonetic feature table constructio...
computer science
34,532
KU-ISPL Speaker Recognition Systems under Language mismatch condition for NIST 2016 Speaker Recognition Evaluation
cs.SD
Korea University Intelligent Signal Processing Lab. (KU-ISPL) developed speaker recognition system for SRE16 fixed training condition. Data for evaluation trials are collected from outside North America, spoken in Tagalog and Cantonese while training data only is spoken English. Thus, main issue for SRE16 is compensati...
computer science
34,533
Insights into Entity Name Evolution on Wikipedia
cs.CL
Working with Web archives raises a number of issues caused by their temporal characteristics. Depending on the age of the content, additional knowledge might be needed to find and understand older texts. Especially facts about entities are subject to change. Most severe in terms of information retrieval are name change...
computer science
34,534
Named Entity Evolution Analysis on Wikipedia
cs.CL
Accessing Web archives raises a number of issues caused by their temporal characteristics. Additional knowledge is needed to find and understand older texts. Especially entities mentioned in texts are subject to change. Most severe in terms of information retrieval are name changes. In order to find entities that have ...
computer science
34,535
Extraction of Evolution Descriptions from the Web
cs.CL
The evolution of named entities affects exploration and retrieval tasks in digital libraries. An information retrieval system that is aware of name changes can actively support users in finding former occurrences of evolved entities. However, current structured knowledge bases, such as DBpedia or Freebase, do not provi...
computer science
34,536
Named Entity Evolution Recognition on the Blogosphere
cs.CL
Advancements in technology and culture lead to changes in our language. These changes create a gap between the language known by users and the language stored in digital archives. It affects user's possibility to firstly find content and secondly interpret that content. In previous work we introduced our approach for N...
computer science
34,537
Effects of Stop Words Elimination for Arabic Information Retrieval: A Comparative Study
cs.CL
The effectiveness of three stop words lists for Arabic Information Retrieval---General Stoplist, Corpus-Based Stoplist, Combined Stoplist ---were investigated in this study. Three popular weighting schemes were examined: the inverse document frequency weight, probabilistic weighting, and statistical language modelling....
computer science
34,538
Challenges in Providing Automatic Affective Feedback in Instant Messaging Applications
cs.CL
Instant messaging is one of the major channels of computer mediated communication. However, humans are known to be very limited in understanding others' emotions via text-based communication. Aiming on introducing emotion sensing technologies to instant messaging, we developed EmotionPush, a system that automatically d...
computer science
34,539
Mining User/Movie Preferred Features Based on Reviews for Video Recommendation System
cs.IR
In this work, we present an approach for mining user preferences and recommendation based on reviews. There have been various studies worked on recommendation problem. However, most of the studies beyond one aspect user generated- content such as user ratings, user feedback and so on to state user preferences. There is...
computer science
34,540
soc2seq: Social Embedding meets Conversation Model
cs.SI
While liking or upvoting a post on a mobile app is easy to do, replying with a written note is much more difficult, due to both the cognitive load of coming up with a meaningful response as well as the mechanics of entering the text. Here we present a novel textual reply generation model that goes beyond the current au...
computer science
34,541
Systèmes du LIA à DEFT'13
cs.CL
The 2013 D\'efi de Fouille de Textes (DEFT) campaign is interested in two types of language analysis tasks, the document classification and the information extraction in the specialized domain of cuisine recipes. We present the systems that the LIA has used in DEFT 2013. Our systems show interesting results, even thoug...
computer science
34,542
Algorithmes de classification et d'optimisation: participation du LIA/ADOC á DEFT'14
cs.IR
This year, the DEFT campaign (D\'efi Fouilles de Textes) incorporates a task which aims at identifying the session in which articles of previous TALN conferences were presented. We describe the three statistical systems developed at LIA/ADOC for this task. A fusion of these systems enables us to obtain interesting resu...
computer science
34,543
Guided Deep List: Automating the Generation of Epidemiological Line Lists from Open Sources
cs.CL
Real-time monitoring and responses to emerging public health threats rely on the availability of timely surveillance data. During the early stages of an epidemic, the ready availability of line lists with detailed tabular information about laboratory-confirmed cases can assist epidemiologists in making reliable inferen...
computer science
34,544
Pronunciation recognition of English phonemes /\textipa{@}/, /æ/, /\textipa{A}:/ and /\textipa{2}/ using Formants and Mel Frequency Cepstral Coefficients
cs.CL
The Vocal Joystick Vowel Corpus, by Washington University, was used to study monophthongs pronounced by native English speakers. The objective of this study was to quantitatively measure the extent at which speech recognition methods can distinguish between similar sounding vowels. In particular, the phonemes /\textipa...
computer science
34,545
A Neural Attention Model for Categorizing Patient Safety Events
cs.CL
Medical errors are leading causes of death in the US and as such, prevention of these errors is paramount to promoting health care. Patient Safety Event reports are narratives describing potential adverse events to the patients and are important in identifying and preventing medical errors. We present a neural network ...
computer science
34,546
Political Homophily in Independence Movements: Analysing and Classifying Social Media Users by National Identity
cs.CL
Social media and data mining are increasingly being used to analyse political and societal issues. Here we undertake the classification of social media users as supporting or opposing ongoing independence movements in their territories. Independence movements occur in territories whose citizens have conflicting nationa...
computer science
34,547
Frequency patterns of semantic change: Corpus-based evidence of a near-critical dynamics in language change
cs.CL
It is generally believed that, when a linguistic item acquires a new meaning, its overall frequency of use in the language rises with time with an S-shaped growth curve. Yet, this claim has only been supported by a limited number of case studies. In this paper, we provide the first corpus-based quantitative confirmatio...
computer science
34,548
Scattertext: a Browser-Based Tool for Visualizing how Corpora Differ
cs.CL
Scattertext is an open source tool for visualizing linguistic variation between document categories in a language-independent way. The tool presents a scatterplot, where each axis corresponds to the rank-frequency a term occurs in a category of documents. Through a tie-breaking strategy, the tool is able to display tho...
computer science
34,549
Spice up Your Chat: The Intentions and Sentiment Effects of Using Emoji
cs.CL
Emojis, as a new way of conveying nonverbal cues, are widely adopted in computer-mediated communications. In this paper, first from a message sender perspective, we focus on people's motives in using four types of emojis -- positive, neutral, negative, and non-facial. We compare the willingness levels of using these em...
computer science
34,550
Loyalty in Online Communities
cs.SI
Loyalty is an essential component of multi-community engagement. When users have the choice to engage with a variety of different communities, they often become loyal to just one, focusing on that community at the expense of others. However, it is unclear how loyalty is manifested in user behavior, or whether loyalty i...
computer science
34,551
The cognitive roots of regularization in language
cs.CL
Regularization occurs when the output a learner produces is less variable than the linguistic data they observed. In an artificial language learning experiment, we show that there exist at least two independent sources of regularization bias in cognition: a domain-general source based on cognitive load and a domain-spe...
computer science
34,552
A German Corpus for Text Similarity Detection Tasks
cs.IR
Text similarity detection aims at measuring the degree of similarity between a pair of texts. Corpora available for text similarity detection are designed to evaluate the algorithms to assess the paraphrase level among documents. In this paper we present a textual German corpus for similarity detection. The purpose of ...
computer science
34,553
Language Use Matters: Analysis of the Linguistic Structure of Question Texts Can Characterize Answerability in Quora
cs.CL
Quora is one of the most popular community Q&A sites of recent times. However, many question posts on this Q&A site often do not get answered. In this paper, we quantify various linguistic activities that discriminates an answered question from an unanswered one. Our central finding is that the way users use language w...
computer science
34,554
DeepFM: A Factorization-Machine based Neural Network for CTR Prediction
cs.IR
Learning sophisticated feature interactions behind user behaviors is critical in maximizing CTR for recommender systems. Despite great progress, existing methods seem to have a strong bias towards low- or high-order interactions, or require expertise feature engineering. In this paper, we show that it is possible to de...
computer science
34,555
A Visual Representation of Wittgenstein's Tractatus Logico-Philosophicus
cs.IR
In this paper we present a data visualization method together with its potential usefulness in digital humanities and philosophy of language. We compile a multilingual parallel corpus from different versions of Wittgenstein's Tractatus Logico-Philosophicus, including the original in German and translations into English...
computer science
34,556
El Lenguaje Natural como Lenguaje Formal
cs.CL
Formal languages theory is useful for the study of natural language. In particular, it is of interest to study the adequacy of the grammatical formalisms to express syntactic phenomena present in natural language. First, it helps to draw hypothesis about the nature and complexity of the speaker-hearer linguistic compet...
computer science
34,557
Normalisation de la langue et de lecriture arabe : enjeux culturels regionaux et mondiaux
cs.CY
Arabic language and writing are now facing a resurgence of international normative solutions that challenge most of their local or network based operating principles. Even if the multilingual digital coding solutions, especially those proposed by Unicode, have solved many difficulties of Arabic writing, the linguistic ...
computer science
34,558
Multichannel End-to-end Speech Recognition
cs.SD
The field of speech recognition is in the midst of a paradigm shift: end-to-end neural networks are challenging the dominance of hidden Markov models as a core technology. Using an attention mechanism in a recurrent encoder-decoder architecture solves the dynamic time alignment problem, allowing joint end-to-end traini...
computer science
34,559
Distributed-Representation Based Hybrid Recommender System with Short Item Descriptions
cs.IR
Collaborative filtering (CF) aims to build a model from users' past behaviors and/or similar decisions made by other users, and use the model to recommend items for users. Despite of the success of previous collaborative filtering approaches, they are all based on the assumption that there are sufficient rating scores ...
computer science
34,560
Ensemble of Neural Classifiers for Scoring Knowledge Base Triples
cs.CL
This paper describes our approach for the triple scoring task at the WSDM Cup 2017. The task required participants to assign a relevance score for each pair of entities and their types in a knowledge base in order to enhance the ranking results in entity retrieval tasks. We propose an approach wherein the outputs of mu...
computer science
34,561
Character-based Neural Embeddings for Tweet Clustering
cs.IR
In this paper we show how the performance of tweet clustering can be improved by leveraging character-based neural networks. The proposed approach overcomes the limitations related to the vocabulary explosion in the word-based models and allows for the seamless processing of the multilingual content. Our evaluation res...
computer science
34,562
Improving Document Clustering by Eliminating Unnatural Language
cs.IR
Technical documents contain a fair amount of unnatural language, such as tables, formulas, pseudo-codes, etc. Unnatural language can be an important factor of confusing existing NLP tools. This paper presents an effective method of distinguishing unnatural language from natural language, and evaluates the impact of unn...
computer science
34,563
Temporal Information Extraction for Question Answering Using Syntactic Dependencies in an LSTM-based Architecture
cs.IR
In this paper, we propose to use a set of simple, uniform in architecture LSTM-based models to recover different kinds of temporal relations from text. Using the shortest dependency path between entities as input, the same architecture is used to extract intra-sentence, cross-sentence, and document creation time relati...
computer science
34,564
Automatic Text Summarization Approaches to Speed up Topic Model Learning Process
cs.IR
The number of documents available into Internet moves each day up. For this reason, processing this amount of information effectively and expressibly becomes a major concern for companies and scientists. Methods that represent a textual document by a topic representation are widely used in Information Retrieval (IR) to...
computer science
34,565
Interacting Conceptual Spaces I : Grammatical Composition of Concepts
cs.LO
The categorical compositional approach to meaning has been successfully applied in natural language processing, outperforming other models in mainstream empirical language processing tasks. We show how this approach can be generalized to conceptual space models of cognition. In order to do this, first we introduce the ...
computer science
34,566
Interactive Natural Language Acquisition in a Multi-modal Recurrent Neural Architecture
cs.CL
For the complex human brain that enables us to communicate in natural language, we gathered good understandings of principles underlying language acquisition and processing, knowledge about socio-cultural conditions, and insights about activity patterns in the brain. However, we were not yet able to understand the beha...
computer science
34,567
Bootstrapping a Lexicon for Emotional Arousal in Software Engineering
cs.SE
Emotional arousal increases activation and performance but may also lead to burnout in software development. We present the first version of a Software Engineering Arousal lexicon (SEA) that is specifically designed to address the problem of emotional arousal in the software developer ecosystem. SEA is built using a bo...
computer science
34,568
This Just In: Fake News Packs a Lot in Title, Uses Simpler, Repetitive Content in Text Body, More Similar to Satire than Real News
cs.SI
The problem of fake news has gained a lot of attention as it is claimed to have had a significant impact on 2016 US Presidential Elections. Fake news is not a new problem and its spread in social networks is well-studied. Often an underlying assumption in fake news discussion is that it is written to look like real new...
computer science
34,569
Diving Deep into Clickbaits: Who Use Them to What Extents in Which Topics with What Effects?
cs.SI
The use of alluring headlines (clickbait) to tempt the readers has become a growing practice nowadays. For the sake of existence in the highly competitive media industry, most of the on-line media including the mainstream ones, have started following this practice. Although the wide-spread practice of clickbait makes t...
computer science
34,570
A Tidy Data Model for Natural Language Processing using cleanNLP
cs.CL
The package cleanNLP provides a set of fast tools for converting a textual corpus into a set of normalized tables. The underlying natural language processing pipeline utilizes Stanford's CoreNLP library, exposing a number of annotation tasks for text written in English, French, German, and Spanish. Annotators include t...
computer science
34,571
A Short Review of Ethical Challenges in Clinical Natural Language Processing
cs.CL
Clinical NLP has an immense potential in contributing to how clinical practice will be revolutionized by the advent of large scale processing of clinical records. However, this potential has remained largely untapped due to slow progress primarily caused by strict data access policies for researchers. In this paper, we...
computer science
34,572
Neutral evolution and turnover over centuries of English word popularity
cs.CL
Here we test Neutral models against the evolution of English word frequency and vocabulary at the population scale, as recorded in annual word frequencies from three centuries of English language books. Against these data, we test both static and dynamic predictions of two neutral models, including the relation between...
computer science
34,573
Opinion Mining on Non-English Short Text
cs.CL
As the type and the number of such venues increase, automated analysis of sentiment on textual resources has become an essential data mining task. In this paper, we investigate the problem of mining opinions on the collection of informal short texts. Both positive and negative sentiment strength of texts are detected. ...
computer science
34,574
Topic modeling of public repositories at scale using names in source code
cs.PL
Programming languages themselves have a limited number of reserved keywords and character based tokens that define the language specification. However, programmers have a rich use of natural language within their code through comments, text literals and naming entities. The programmer defined names that can be found in...
computer science
34,575
Fortia-FBK at SemEval-2017 Task 5: Bullish or Bearish? Inferring Sentiment towards Brands from Financial News Headlines
cs.CL
In this paper, we describe a methodology to infer Bullish or Bearish sentiment towards companies/brands. More specifically, our approach leverages affective lexica and word embeddings in combination with convolutional neural networks to infer the sentiment of financial news headlines towards a target company. Such arch...
computer science
34,576
Rhetorical relations for information retrieval
cs.IR
Typically, every part in most coherent text has some plausible reason for its presence, some function that it performs to the overall semantics of the text. Rhetorical relations, e.g. contrast, cause, explanation, describe how the parts of a text are linked to each other. Knowledge about this socalled discourse structu...
computer science
34,577
Conceptualization Topic Modeling
cs.CL
Recently, topic modeling has been widely used to discover the abstract topics in text corpora. Most of the existing topic models are based on the assumption of three-layer hierarchical Bayesian structure, i.e. each document is modeled as a probability distribution over topics, and each topic is a probability distributi...
computer science
34,578
From Modal to Multimodal Ambiguities: a Classification Approach
cs.HC
This paper deals with classifying ambiguities for Multimodal Languages. It evolves the classifications and the methods of the literature on ambiguities for Natural Language and Visual Language, empirically defining an original classification of ambiguities for multimodal interaction using a linguistic perspective. This...
computer science
34,579
What we really want to find by Sentiment Analysis: The Relationship between Computational Models and Psychological State
cs.CL
As the first step to model emotional state of a person, we build sentiment analysis models with existing deep neural network algorithms and compare the models with psychological measurements to enlighten the relationship. In the experiments, we first examined psychological state of 64 participants and asked them to sum...
computer science
34,580
PACRR: A Position-Aware Neural IR Model for Relevance Matching
cs.IR
In order to adopt deep learning for information retrieval, models are needed that can capture all relevant information required to assess the relevance of a document to a given user query. While previous works have successfully captured unigram term matches, how to fully employ position-dependent information such as pr...
computer science
34,581
FEUP at SemEval-2017 Task 5: Predicting Sentiment Polarity and Intensity with Financial Word Embeddings
cs.CL
This paper presents the approach developed at the Faculty of Engineering of University of Porto, to participate in SemEval 2017, Task 5: Fine-grained Sentiment Analysis on Financial Microblogs and News. The task consisted in predicting a real continuous variable from -1.0 to +1.0 representing the polarity and intensity...
computer science
34,582
Extractive Summarization: Limits, Compression, Generalized Model and Heuristics
cs.CL
Due to its promise to alleviate information overload, text summarization has attracted the attention of many researchers. However, it has remained a serious challenge. Here, we first prove empirical limits on the recall (and F1-scores) of extractive summarizers on the DUC datasets under ROUGE evaluation for both the si...
computer science
34,583
Understanding Task Design Trade-offs in Crowdsourced Paraphrase Collection
cs.CL
Linguistically diverse datasets are critical for training and evaluating robust machine learning systems, but data collection is a costly process that often requires experts. Crowdsourcing the process of paraphrase generation is an effective means of expanding natural language datasets, but there has been limited analy...
computer science
34,584
Call Attention to Rumors: Deep Attention Based Recurrent Neural Networks for Early Rumor Detection
cs.CL
The proliferation of social media in communication and information dissemination has made it an ideal platform for spreading rumors. Automatically debunking rumors at their stage of diffusion is known as \textit{early rumor detection}, which refers to dealing with sequential posts regarding disputed factual claims with...
computer science
34,585
Stability and Fluctuations in a Simple Model of Phonetic Category Change
cs.CL
In spoken languages, speakers divide up the space of phonetic possibilities into different regions, corresponding to different phonemes. We consider a simple exemplar model of how this division of phonetic space varies over time among a population of language users. In the particular model we consider, we show that, on...
computer science
34,586
Scientific Article Summarization Using Citation-Context and Article's Discourse Structure
cs.CL
We propose a summarization approach for scientific articles which takes advantage of citation-context and the document discourse model. While citations have been previously used in generating scientific summaries, they lack the related context from the referenced article and therefore do not accurately reflect the arti...
computer science
34,587
Email Babel: Does Language Affect Criminal Activity in Compromised Webmail Accounts?
cs.CY
We set out to understand the effects of differing language on the ability of cybercriminals to navigate webmail accounts and locate sensitive information in them. To this end, we configured thirty Gmail honeypot accounts with English, Romanian, and Greek language settings. We populated the accounts with email messages ...
computer science
34,588
Extending and Improving Wordnet via Unsupervised Word Embeddings
cs.CL
This work presents an unsupervised approach for improving WordNet that builds upon recent advances in document and sense representation via distributional semantics. We apply our methods to construct Wordnets in French and Russian, languages which both lack good manual constructions.1 These are evaluated on two new 600...
computer science
34,589
Labelled network subgraphs reveal stylistic subtleties in written texts
cs.CL
The vast amount of data and increase of computational capacity have allowed the analysis of texts from several perspectives, including the representation of texts as complex networks. Nodes of the network represent the words, and edges represent some relationship, usually word co-occurrence. Even though networked repre...
computer science
34,590
"Liar, Liar Pants on Fire": A New Benchmark Dataset for Fake News Detection
cs.CL
Automatic fake news detection is a challenging problem in deception detection, and it has tremendous real-world political and social impacts. However, statistical approaches to combating fake news has been dramatically limited by the lack of labeled benchmark datasets. In this paper, we present liar: a new, publicly av...
computer science
34,591
Combating Human Trafficking with Deep Multimodal Models
cs.CL
Human trafficking is a global epidemic affecting millions of people across the planet. Sex trafficking, the dominant form of human trafficking, has seen a significant rise mostly due to the abundance of escort websites, where human traffickers can openly advertise among at-will escort advertisements. In this paper, we ...
computer science
34,592
Sukiyaki in French style: A novel system for transformation of dietary patterns
cs.CY
We propose a novel system which can transform a recipe into any selected regional style (e.g., Japanese, Mediterranean, or Italian). This system has three characteristics. First the system can identify the degree of dietary style mixture of any selected recipe. Second, the system can visualize such dietary style mixtur...
computer science
34,593
On the role of words in the network structure of texts: application to authorship attribution
cs.CL
Well-established automatic analyses of texts mainly consider frequencies of linguistic units, e.g. letters, words and bigrams, while methods based on co-occurrence networks consider the structure of texts regardless of the nodes label (i.e. the words semantics). In this paper, we reconcile these distinct viewpoints by ...
computer science
34,594
Using Titles vs. Full-text as Source for Automated Semantic Document Annotation
cs.DL
A significant part of the largest Knowledge Graph today, the Linked Open Data cloud, consists of metadata about documents such as publications, news reports, and other media articles. While the widespread access to the document metadata is a tremendous advancement, it is yet not so easy to assign semantic annotations a...
computer science
34,595
Learning to Identify Ambiguous and Misleading News Headlines
cs.CL
Accuracy is one of the basic principles of journalism. However, it is increasingly hard to manage due to the diversity of news media. Some editors of online news tend to use catchy headlines which trick readers into clicking. These headlines are either ambiguous or misleading, degrading the reading experience of the au...
computer science
34,596
Formalized Lambek Calculus in Higher Order Logic (HOL4)
cs.CL
In this project, a rather complete proof-theoretical formalization of Lambek Calculus (non-associative with arbitrary extensions) has been ported from Coq proof assistent to HOL4 theorem prover, with some improvements and new theorems. Three deduction systems (Syntactic Calculus, Natural Deduction and Sequent Calculu...
computer science
34,597
Contextualizing Citations for Scientific Summarization using Word Embeddings and Domain Knowledge
cs.CL
Citation texts are sometimes not very informative or in some cases inaccurate by themselves; they need the appropriate context from the referenced paper to reflect its exact contributions. To address this problem, we propose an unsupervised model that uses distributed representation of words as well as domain knowledge...
computer science
34,598
TwiInsight: Discovering Topics and Sentiments from Social Media Datasets
cs.IR
Social media platforms contain a great wealth of information which provides opportunities for us to explore hidden patterns or unknown correlations, and understand people's satisfaction with what they are discussing. As one showcase, in this paper, we present a system, TwiInsight which explores the insight of Twitter d...
computer science
34,599
Increasing Papers' Discoverability with Precise Semantic Labeling: the sci.AI Platform
cs.IR
The number of published findings in biomedicine increases continually. At the same time, specifics of the domain's terminology complicates the task of relevant publications retrieval. In the current research, we investigate influence of terms' variability and ambiguity on a paper's likelihood of being retrieved. We obt...
computer science
34,600
Towards a Knowledge Graph based Speech Interface
cs.HC
Applications which use human speech as an input require a speech interface with high recognition accuracy. The words or phrases in the recognised text are annotated with a machine-understandable meaning and linked to knowledge graphs for further processing by the target application. These semantic annotations of recogn...
computer science
34,601
A Deep Multi-View Learning Framework for City Event Extraction from Twitter Data Streams
cs.SI
Cities have been a thriving place for citizens over the centuries due to their complex infrastructure. The emergence of the Cyber-Physical-Social Systems (CPSS) and context-aware technologies boost a growing interest in analysing, extracting and eventually understanding city events which subsequently can be utilised to...
computer science
34,602
Deep Learning for Hate Speech Detection in Tweets
cs.CL
Hate speech detection on Twitter is critical for applications like controversial event extraction, building AI chatterbots, content recommendation, and sentiment analysis. We define this task as being able to classify a tweet as racist, sexist or neither. The complexity of the natural language constructs makes this tas...
computer science
34,603
Improving Legal Information Retrieval by Distributional Composition with Term Order Probabilities
cs.IR
Legal professionals worldwide are currently trying to get up-to-pace with the explosive growth in legal document availability through digital means. This drives a need for high efficiency Legal Information Retrieval (IR) and Question Answering (QA) methods. The IR task in particular has a set of unique challenges that ...
computer science