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35,104
The Case for Learned Index Structures
cs.DB
Indexes are models: a B-Tree-Index can be seen as a model to map a key to the position of a record within a sorted array, a Hash-Index as a model to map a key to a position of a record within an unsorted array, and a BitMap-Index as a model to indicate if a data record exists or not. In this exploratory research paper,...
computer science
35,105
Artificial intelligence in peer review: How can evolutionary computation support journal editors?
cs.DL
With the volume of manuscripts submitted for publication growing every year, the deficiencies of peer review (e.g. long review times) are becoming more apparent. Editorial strategies, sets of guidelines designed to speed up the process and reduce editors workloads, are treated as trade secrets by publishing houses and ...
computer science
35,106
Chaos-guided Input Structuring for Improved Learning in Recurrent Neural Networks
cs.NE
Anatomical studies demonstrate that brain reformats input information to generate reliable responses for performing computations. However, it remains unclear how neural circuits encode complex spatio-temporal patterns. We show that neural dynamics are strongly influenced by the phase alignment between the input and the...
computer science
35,107
DeepIso: A Deep Learning Model for Peptide Feature Detection
cs.NE
Liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) based proteomics is a well-established research field with major applications such as identification of disease biomarkers, drug discovery, drug design and development. In proteomics, protein identification and quantification is a fundamental task, which is...
computer science
35,108
Spiking memristor logic gates are a type of time-variant perceptron
cs.ET
Memristors are low-power memory-holding resistors thought to be useful for neuromophic computing, which can compute via spike-interactions mediated through the device's short-term memory. Using interacting spikes, it is possible to build an AND gate that computes OR at the same time, similarly a full adder can be built...
computer science
35,109
Near Maximum Likelihood Decoding with Deep Learning
cs.IT
A novel and efficient neural decoder algorithm is proposed. The proposed decoder is based on the neural Belief Propagation algorithm and the Automorphism Group. By combining neural belief propagation with permutations from the Automorphism Group we achieve near maximum likelihood performance for High Density Parity Che...
computer science
35,110
Probabilistic Tools for the Analysis of Randomized Optimization Heuristics
cs.DS
This chapter collects several probabilistic tools that proved to be useful in the analysis of randomized search heuristics. This includes classic material like Markov, Chebyshev and Chernoff inequalities, but also lesser known topics like stochastic domination and coupling or Chernoff bounds for geometrically distribut...
computer science
35,111
Lie Transform Based Polynomial Neural Networks for Dynamical Systems Simulation and Identification
cs.NE
In the article, we discuss the architecture of the polynomial neural network that corresponds to the matrix representation of Lie transform. The matrix form of Lie transform is an approximation of general solution for the nonlinear system of ordinary differential equations. Thus, it can be used for simulation and model...
computer science
35,112
One Deep Music Representation to Rule Them All? : A comparative analysis of different representation learning strategies
cs.NE
Inspired by the success of deploying deep learning in the fields of Computer Vision and Natural Language Processing, this learning paradigm has also found its way into the field of Music Information Retrieval. In order to benefit from deep learning in an effective, but also efficient manner, deep transfer learning has ...
computer science
35,113
Advancing System Performance with Redundancy: From Biological to Artificial Designs
cs.IT
Redundancy is a fundamental characteristic of many biological processes such as those in the genetic, visual, muscular and nervous system; yet its function has not been fully understood. The conventional interpretation of redundancy is that it serves as a fault-tolerance mechanism, which leads to redundancy's de facto ...
computer science
35,114
A Bio-inspired Redundant Sensing Architecture
cs.NE
Sensing is the process of deriving signals from the environment that allows artificial systems to interact with the physical world. The Shannon theorem specifies the maximum rate at which information can be acquired. However, this upper bound is hard to achieve in many man-made systems. The biological visual systems, o...
computer science
35,115
Memcomputing: Leveraging memory and physics to compute efficiently
cs.ET
It is well known that physical phenomena may be of great help in computing some difficult problems efficiently. A typical example is prime factorization that may be solved in polynomial time by exploiting quantum entanglement on a quantum computer. There are, however, other types of (non-quantum) physical properties th...
computer science
35,116
Limits on representing Boolean functions by linear combinations of simple functions: thresholds, ReLUs, and low-degree polynomials
cs.CC
We consider the problem of representing Boolean functions exactly by "sparse" linear combinations (over $\mathbb{R}$) of functions from some "simple" class ${\cal C}$. In particular, given ${\cal C}$ we are interested in finding low-complexity functions lacking sparse representations. When ${\cal C}$ is the set of PARI...
computer science
35,117
Neuron inspired data encoding memristive multi-level memory cell
cs.ET
Mapping neuro-inspired algorithms to sensor backplanes of on-chip hardware require shifting the signal processing from digital to the analog domain, demanding memory technologies beyond conventional CMOS binary storage units. Using memristors for building analog data storage is one of the promising approaches amongst e...
computer science
35,118
Analog simulator of integro-differential equations with classical memristors
cs.ET
An analog computer makes use of continuously changeable quantities of a system, such as its electrical, mechanical, or hydraulic properties, to solve a given problem. While these devices are usually computationally more powerful than their digital counterparts, they suffer from analog noise which does not allow to erro...
computer science
35,119
Glyph: Symbolic Regression Tools
cs.MS
We present Glyph - a Python package for genetic programming based symbolic regression. Glyph is designed for usage let by numerical simulations let by real world experiments. For experimentalists, glyph-remote provides a separation of tasks: a ZeroMQ interface splits the genetic programming optimization task from the e...
computer science
35,120
Information content of coevolutionary game landscapes
cs.NE
Coevolutionary game dynamics is the result of players that may change their strategies and their network of interaction. For such games, and based on interpreting strategies as configurations, strategy-to-payoff maps can be defined for every interaction network, which opens up to derive game landscapes. This paper pres...
computer science
35,121
Relaxation in graph coloring and satisfiability problems
cs.AI
Using T=0 Monte Carlo simulation, we study the relaxation of graph coloring (K-COL) and satisfiability (K-SAT), two hard problems that have recently been shown to possess a phase transition in solvability as a parameter is varied. A change from exponentially fast to power law relaxation, and a transition to freezing be...
computer science
35,122
On the Informativeness of the DNA Promoter Sequences Domain Theory
cs.AI
The DNA promoter sequences domain theory and database have become popular for testing systems that integrate empirical and analytical learning. This note reports a simple change and reinterpretation of the domain theory in terms of M-of-N concepts, involving no learning, that results in an accuracy of 93.4% on the 106 ...
computer science
35,123
Analysis of Three-Dimensional Protein Images
cs.AI
A fundamental goal of research in molecular biology is to understand protein structure. Protein crystallography is currently the most successful method for determining the three-dimensional (3D) conformation of a protein, yet it remains labor intensive and relies on an expert's ability to derive and evaluate a protein ...
computer science
35,124
Chess Pure Strategies are Probably Chaotic
cs.CC
It is odd that chess grandmasters often disagree in their analysis of positions, sometimes even of simple ones, and that a grandmaster can hold his own against an powerful analytic machine such as Deep Blue. The fact that there must exist pure winning strategies for chess is used to construct a control strategy functio...
computer science
35,125
First-Order Conditional Logic Revisited
cs.AI
Conditional logics play an important role in recent attempts to formulate theories of default reasoning. This paper investigates first-order conditional logic. We show that, as for first-order probabilistic logic, it is important not to confound statistical conditionals over the domain (such as ``most birds fly''), and...
computer science
35,126
Set-Theoretic Completeness for Epistemic and Conditional Logic
cs.AI
The standard approach to logic in the literature in philosophy and mathematics, which has also been adopted in computer science, is to define a language (the syntax), an appropriate class of models together with an interpretation of formulas in the language (the semantics), a collection of axioms and rules of inference...
computer science
35,127
Plausibility Measures and Default Reasoning
cs.AI
We introduce a new approach to modeling uncertainty based on plausibility measures. This approach is easily seen to generalize other approaches to modeling uncertainty, such as probability measures, belief functions, and possibility measures. We focus on one application of plausibility measures in this paper: default r...
computer science
35,128
Reasoning about Noisy Sensors and Effectors in the Situation Calculus
cs.AI
Agents interacting with an incompletely known world need to be able to reason about the effects of their actions, and to gain further information about that world they need to use sensors of some sort. Unfortunately, both the effects of actions and the information returned from sensors are subject to error. To cope wit...
computer science
35,129
Stable models and an alternative logic programming paradigm
cs.LO
In this paper we reexamine the place and role of stable model semantics in logic programming and contrast it with a least Herbrand model approach to Horn programs. We demonstrate that inherent features of stable model semantics naturally lead to a logic programming system that offers an interesting alternative to more ...
computer science
35,130
Semantics and Conversations for an Agent Communication Language
cs.MA
We address the issues of semantics and conversations for agent communication languages and the Knowledge Query Manipulation Language (KQML) in particular. Based on ideas from speech act theory, we present a semantic description for KQML that associates ``cognitive'' states of the agent with the use of the language's pr...
computer science
35,131
Learning Nested Agent Models in an Information Economy
cs.MA
We present our approach to the problem of how an agent, within an economic Multi-Agent System, can determine when it should behave strategically (i.e. learn and use models of other agents), and when it should act as a simple price-taker. We provide a framework for the incremental implementation of modeling capabilities...
computer science
35,132
Using Local Optimality Criteria for Efficient Information Retrieval with Redundant Information Filters
cs.IR
We consider information retrieval when the data, for instance multimedia, is coputationally expensive to fetch. Our approach uses "information filters" to considerably narrow the universe of possiblities before retrieval. We are especially interested in redundant information filters that save time over more general but...
computer science
35,133
Anytime Coalition Structure Generation with Worst Case Guarantees
cs.MA
Coalition formation is a key topic in multiagent systems. One would prefer a coalition structure that maximizes the sum of the values of the coalitions, but often the number of coalition structures is too large to allow exhaustive search for the optimal one. But then, can the coalition structure found via a partial sea...
computer science
35,134
A Proof Theoretic View of Constraint Programming
cs.AI
We provide here a proof theoretic account of constraint programming that attempts to capture the essential ingredients of this programming style. We exemplify it by presenting proof rules for linear constraints over interval domains, and illustrate their use by analyzing the constraint propagation process for the {\tt ...
computer science
35,135
A Human - machine interface for teleoperation of arm manipulators in a complex environment
cs.RO
This paper discusses the feasibility of using configuration space (C-space) as a means of visualization and control in operator-guided real-time motion of a robot arm manipulator. The motivation is to improve performance of the human operator in tasks involving the manipulator motion in an environment with obstacles. U...
computer science
35,136
Hypertree Decompositions and Tractable Queries
cs.DB
Several important decision problems on conjunctive queries (CQs) are NP-complete in general but become tractable, and actually highly parallelizable, if restricted to acyclic or nearly acyclic queries. Examples are the evaluation of Boolean CQs and query containment. These problems were shown tractable for conjunctive ...
computer science
35,137
Fixpoint 3-valued semantics for autoepistemic logic
cs.LO
The paper presents a constructive fixpoint semantics for autoepistemic logic (AEL). This fixpoint characterizes a unique but possibly three-valued belief set of an autoepistemic theory. It may be three-valued in the sense that for a subclass of formulas F, the fixpoint may not specify whether F is believed or not. The ...
computer science
35,138
Extremal problems in logic programming and stable model computation
cs.LO
We study the following problem: given a class of logic programs C, determine the maximum number of stable models of a program from C. We establish the maximum for the class of all logic programs with at most n clauses, and for the class of all logic programs of size at most n. We also characterize the programs for whic...
computer science
35,139
Representation Theory for Default Logic
cs.LO
Default logic can be regarded as a mechanism to represent families of belief sets of a reasoning agent. As such, it is inherently second-order. In this paper, we study the problem of representability of a family of theories as the set of extensions of a default theory. We give a complete solution to the representabilit...
computer science
35,140
Predicate Logic with Definitions
cs.LO
Predicate Logic with Definitions (PLD or D-logic) is a modification of first-order logic intended mostly for practical formalization of mathematics. The main syntactic constructs of D-logic are terms, formulas and definitions. A definition is a definition of variables, a definition of constants, or a composite definiti...
computer science
35,141
Clausal Temporal Resolution
cs.LO
In this article, we examine how clausal resolution can be applied to a specific, but widely used, non-classical logic, namely discrete linear temporal logic. Thus, we first define a normal form for temporal formulae and show how arbitrary temporal formulae can be translated into the normal form, while preserving satisf...
computer science
35,142
Extending the Stable Model Semantics with More Expressive Rules
cs.LO
The rules associated with propositional logic programs and the stable model semantics are not expressive enough to let one write concise programs. This problem is alleviated by introducing some new types of propositional rules. Together with a decision procedure that has been used as a base for an efficient implementat...
computer science
35,143
The Rough Guide to Constraint Propagation
cs.AI
We provide here a simple, yet very general framework that allows us to explain several constraint propagation algorithms in a systematic way. In particular, using the notions commutativity and semi-commutativity, we show how the well-known AC-3, PC-2, DAC and DPC algorithms are instances of a single generic algorithm. ...
computer science
35,144
Automatic Generation of Constraint Propagation Algorithms for Small Finite Domains
cs.AI
We study here constraint satisfaction problems that are based on predefined, explicitly given finite constraints. To solve them we propose a notion of rule consistency that can be expressed in terms of rules derived from the explicit representation of the initial constraints. This notion of local consistency is weake...
computer science
35,145
Reasoning About Common Knowledge with Infinitely Many Agents
cs.LO
Complete axiomatizations and exponential-time decision procedures are provided for reasoning about knowledge and common knowledge when there are infinitely many agents. The results show that reasoning about knowledge and common knowledge with infinitely many agents is no harder than when there are finitely many agents,...
computer science
35,146
Knowledge in Multi-Agent Systems: Initial Configurations and Broadcast
cs.LO
The semantic framework for the modal logic of knowledge due to Halpern and Moses provides a way to ascribe knowledge to agents in distributed and multi-agent systems. In this paper we study two special cases of this framework: full systems and hypercubes. Both model static situations in which no agent has any informati...
computer science
35,147
PIPE: Personalizing Recommendations via Partial Evaluation
cs.IR
It is shown that personalization of web content can be advantageously viewed as a form of partial evaluation --- a technique well known in the programming languages community. The basic idea is to model a recommendation space as a program, then partially evaluate this program with respect to user preferences (and featu...
computer science
35,148
Multi-Agent Only Knowing
cs.AI
Levesque introduced a notion of ``only knowing'', with the goal of capturing certain types of nonmonotonic reasoning. Levesque's logic dealt with only the case of a single agent. Recently, both Halpern and Lakemeyer independently attempted to extend Levesque's logic to the multi-agent case. Although there are a number ...
computer science
35,149
Computing large and small stable models
cs.LO
In this paper, we focus on the problem of existence and computing of small and large stable models. We show that for every fixed integer k, there is a linear-time algorithm to decide the problem LSM (large stable models problem): does a logic program P have a stable model of size at least |P|-k. In contrast, we show th...
computer science
35,150
Safe cooperative robot dynamics on graphs
cs.RO
This paper initiates the use of vector fields to design, optimize, and implement reactive schedules for safe cooperative robot patterns on planar graphs. We consider Automated Guided Vehicles (AGV's) operating upon a predefined network of pathways. In contrast to the case of locally Euclidean configuration spaces, regu...
computer science
35,151
Genetic Algorithms for Extension Search in Default Logic
cs.AI
A default theory can be characterized by its sets of plausible conclusions, called its extensions. But, due to the theoretical complexity of Default Logic (Sigma_2p-complete), the problem of finding such an extension is very difficult if one wants to deal with non trivial knowledge bases. Based on the principle of natu...
computer science
35,152
SLT-Resolution for the Well-Founded Semantics
cs.AI
Global SLS-resolution and SLG-resolution are two representative mechanisms for top-down evaluation of the well-founded semantics of general logic programs. Global SLS-resolution is linear for query evaluation but suffers from infinite loops and redundant computations. In contrast, SLG-resolution resolves infinite loops...
computer science
35,153
Computing Circumscriptive Databases by Integer Programming: Revisited (Extended Abstract)
cs.AI
In this paper, we consider a method of computing minimal models in circumscription using integer programming in propositional logic and first-order logic with domain closure axioms and unique name axioms. This kind of treatment is very important since this enable to apply various technique developed in operations resea...
computer science
35,154
Conditional indifference and conditional preservation
cs.AI
The idea of preserving conditional beliefs emerged recently as a new paradigm apt to guide the revision of epistemic states. Conditionals are substantially different from propositional beliefs and need specific treatment. In this paper, we present a new approach to conditionals, capturing particularly well their dynami...
computer science
35,155
Automatic Belief Revision in SNePS
cs.AI
SNePS is a logic- and network- based knowledge representation, reasoning, and acting system, based on a monotonic, paraconsistent, first-order term logic, with compositional intensional semantics. It has an ATMS-style facility for belief contraction, and an acting component, including a well-defined syntax and semantic...
computer science
35,156
A flexible framework for defeasible logics
cs.AI
Logics for knowledge representation suffer from over-specialization: while each logic may provide an ideal representation formalism for some problems, it is less than optimal for others. A solution to this problem is to choose from several logics and, when necessary, combine the representations. In general, such an app...
computer science
35,157
Applying Maxi-adjustment to Adaptive Information Filtering Agents
cs.AI
Learning and adaptation is a fundamental property of intelligent agents. In the context of adaptive information filtering, a filtering agent's beliefs about a user's information needs have to be revised regularly with reference to the user's most current information preferences. This learning and adaptation process is ...
computer science
35,158
On the semantics of merging
cs.AI
Intelligent agents are often faced with the problem of trying to merge possibly conflicting pieces of information obtained from different sources into a consistent view of the world. We propose a framework for the modelling of such merging operations with roots in the work of Spohn (1988, 1991). Unlike most approaches ...
computer science
35,159
The lexicographic closure as a revision process
cs.AI
The connections between nonmonotonic reasoning and belief revision are well-known. A central problem in the area of nonmonotonic reasoning is the problem of default entailment, i.e., when should an item of default information representing "if A is true then, normally, B is true" be said to follow from a given set of it...
computer science
35,160
Description of GADEL
cs.AI
This article describes the first implementation of the GADEL system : a Genetic Algorithm for Default Logic. The goal of GADEL is to compute extensions in Reiter's default logic. It accepts every kind of finite propositional default theories and is based on evolutionary principles of Genetic Algorithms. Its first exper...
computer science
35,161
Extending Classical Logic with Inductive Definitions
cs.LO
The goal of this paper is to extend classical logic with a generalized notion of inductive definition supporting positive and negative induction, to investigate the properties of this logic, its relationships to other logics in the area of non-monotonic reasoning, logic programming and deductive databases, and to show ...
computer science
35,162
Logic Programming for Describing and Solving Planning Problems
cs.AI
A logic programming paradigm which expresses solutions to problems as stable models has recently been promoted as a declarative approach to solving various combinatorial and search problems, including planning problems. In this paradigm, all program rules are considered as constraints and solutions are stable models of...
computer science
35,163
Declarative Representation of Revision Strategies
cs.AI
In this paper we introduce a nonmonotonic framework for belief revision in which reasoning about the reliability of different pieces of information based on meta-knowledge about the information is possible, and where revision strategies can be described declaratively. The approach is based on a Poole-style system for d...
computer science
35,164
DLV - A System for Declarative Problem Solving
cs.AI
DLV is an efficient logic programming and non-monotonic reasoning (LPNMR) system with advanced knowledge representation mechanisms and interfaces to classic relational database systems. Its core language is disjunctive datalog (function-free disjunctive logic programming) under the Answer Set Semantics with integrity...
computer science
35,165
Implementing Integrity Constraints in an Existing Belief Revision System
cs.AI
SNePS is a mature knowledge representation, reasoning, and acting system that has long contained a belief revision subsystem, called SNeBR. SNeBR is triggered when an explicit contradiction is introduced into the SNePS belief space, either because of a user's new assertion, or because of a user's query. SNeBR then make...
computer science
35,166
Coherence, Belief Expansion and Bayesian Networks
cs.AI
We construct a probabilistic coherence measure for information sets which determines a partial coherence ordering. This measure is applied in constructing a criterion for expanding our beliefs in the face of new information. A number of idealizations are being made which can be relaxed by an appeal to Bayesian Networks...
computer science
35,167
Linear Tabulated Resolution Based on Prolog Control Strategy
cs.AI
Infinite loops and redundant computations are long recognized open problems in Prolog. Two ways have been explored to resolve these problems: loop checking and tabling. Loop checking can cut infinite loops, but it cannot be both sound and complete even for function-free logic programs. Tabling seems to be an effective ...
computer science
35,168
PAL: Pertinence Action Language
cs.AI
The current document contains a brief description of a system for Reasoning about Actions and Change called PAL (Pertinence Action Language) which makes use of several reasoning properties extracted from a Temporal Expert Systems tool called Medtool.
computer science
35,169
A tableau methodology for deontic conditional logics
cs.LO
In this paper we present a theorem proving methodology for a restricted but significant fragment of the conditional language made up of (boolean combinations of) conditional statements with unnested antecedents. The method is based on the possible world semantics for conditional logics. The KEM label formalism, designe...
computer science
35,170
A note on the Declarative reading(s) of Logic Programming
cs.LO
This paper analyses the declarative readings of logic programming. Logic programming - and negation as failure - has no unique declarative reading. One common view is that logic programming is a logic for default reasoning, a sub-formalism of default logic or autoepistemic logic. In this view, negation as failure is a ...
computer science
35,171
XNMR: A tool for knowledge bases exploration
cs.LO
XNMR is a system designed to explore the results of combining the well-founded semantics system XSB with the stable-models evaluator SMODELS. Its main goal is to work as a tool for fast and interactive exploration of knowledge bases.
computer science
35,172
Detecting Unsolvable Queries for Definite Logic Programs
cs.LO
In solving a query, the SLD proof procedure for definite programs sometimes searches an infinite space for a non existing solution. For example, querying a planner for an unreachable goal state. Such programs motivate the development of methods to prove the absence of a solution. Considering the definite program and th...
computer science
35,173
Proceedings of the 8th International Workshop on Non-Monotonic Reasoning, NMR'2000
cs.AI
The papers gathered in this collection were presented at the 8th International Workshop on Nonmonotonic Reasoning, NMR2000. The series was started by John McCarthy in 1978. The first international NMR workshop was held at Mohonk Mountain House, New Paltz, New York in June, 1984, and was organized by Ray Reiter and Bonn...
computer science
35,174
Constraint Programming viewed as Rule-based Programming
cs.AI
We study here a natural situation when constraint programming can be entirely reduced to rule-based programming. To this end we explain first how one can compute on constraint satisfaction problems using rules represented by simple first-order formulas. Then we consider constraint satisfaction problems that are based o...
computer science
35,175
Representation results for defeasible logic
cs.LO
The importance of transformations and normal forms in logic programming, and generally in computer science, is well documented. This paper investigates transformations and normal forms in the context of Defeasible Logic, a simple but efficient formalism for nonmonotonic reasoning based on rules and priorities. The tran...
computer science
35,176
Searching for Spaceships
cs.AI
We describe software that searches for spaceships in Conway's Game of Life and related two-dimensional cellular automata. Our program searches through a state space related to the de Bruijn graph of the automaton, using a method that combines features of breadth first and iterative deepening search, and includes fast b...
computer science
35,177
A Denotational Semantics for First-Order Logic
cs.PL
In Apt and Bezem [AB99] (see cs.LO/9811017) we provided a computational interpretation of first-order formulas over arbitrary interpretations. Here we complement this work by introducing a denotational semantics for first-order logic. Additionally, by allowing an assignment of a non-ground term to a variable we introdu...
computer science
35,178
Extending and Implementing the Stable Model Semantics
cs.LO
An algorithm for computing the stable model semantics of logic programs is developed. It is shown that one can extend the semantics and the algorithm to handle new and more expressive types of rules. Emphasis is placed on the use of efficient implementation techniques. In particular, an implementation of lookahead that...
computer science
35,179
An Average Analysis of Backtracking on Random Constraint Satisfaction Problems
cs.CC
In this paper we propose a random CSP model, called Model GB, which is a natural generalization of standard Model B. It is proved that Model GB in which each constraint is easy to satisfy exhibits non-trivial behaviour (not trivially satisfiable or unsatisfiable) as the number of variables approaches infinity. A detail...
computer science
35,180
Reasoning with Axioms: Theory and Pratice
cs.LO
When reasoning in description, modal or temporal logics it is often useful to consider axioms representing universal truths in the domain of discourse. Reasoning with respect to an arbitrary set of axioms is hard, even for relatively inexpressive logics, and it is essential to deal with such axioms in an efficient mann...
computer science
35,181
Practical Reasoning for Very Expressive Description Logics
cs.LO
Description Logics (DLs) are a family of knowledge representation formalisms mainly characterised by constructors to build complex concepts and roles from atomic ones. Expressive role constructors are important in many applications, but can be computationally problematical. We present an algorithm that decides satisfia...
computer science
35,182
Practical Reasoning for Expressive Description Logics
cs.LO
Description Logics (DLs) are a family of knowledge representation formalisms mainly characterised by constructors to build complex concepts and roles from atomic ones. Expressive role constructors are important in many applications, but can be computationally problematical. We present an algorithm that decides satisfia...
computer science
35,183
Reasoning with Individuals for the Description Logic SHIQ
cs.LO
While there has been a great deal of work on the development of reasoning algorithms for expressive description logics, in most cases only Tbox reasoning is considered. In this paper we present an algorithm for combined Tbox and Abox reasoning in the SHIQ description logic. This algorithm is of particular interest as i...
computer science
35,184
The SAT Phase Transition
cs.AI
Phase transition is an important feature of SAT problem. For random k-SAT model, it is proved that as r (ratio of clauses to variables) increases, the structure of solutions will undergo a sudden change like satisfiability phase transition when r reaches a threshold point. This phenomenon shows that the satisfying trut...
computer science
35,185
Axiomatizing Causal Reasoning
cs.AI
Causal models defined in terms of a collection of equations, as defined by Pearl, are axiomatized here. Axiomatizations are provided for three successively more general classes of causal models: (1) the class of recursive theories (those without feedback), (2) the class of theories where the solutions to the equations ...
computer science
35,186
Knowledge and common knowledge in a distributed environment
cs.DC
Reasoning about knowledge seems to play a fundamental role in distributed systems. Indeed, such reasoning is a central part of the informal intuitive arguments used in the design of distributed protocols. Communication in a distributed system can be viewed as the act of transforming the system's state of knowledge. Thi...
computer science
35,187
Verifying Termination of General Logic Programs with Concrete Queries
cs.AI
We introduce a method of verifying termination of logic programs with respect to concrete queries (instead of abstract query patterns). A necessary and sufficient condition is established and an algorithm for automatic verification is developed. In contrast to existing query pattern-based approaches, our method has the...
computer science
35,188
Interval Constraint Solving for Camera Control and Motion Planning
cs.AI
Many problems in robust control and motion planning can be reduced to either find a sound approximation of the solution space determined by a set of nonlinear inequalities, or to the ``guaranteed tuning problem'' as defined by Jaulin and Walter, which amounts to finding a value for some tuning parameter such that a set...
computer science
35,189
Knowledge on Treelike Spaces
cs.LO
This paper presents a bimodal logic for reasoning about knowledge during knowledge acquisition. One of the modalities represents (effort during) non-deterministic time and the other represents knowledge. The semantics of this logic are tree-like spaces which are a generalization of semantics used for modeling branching...
computer science
35,190
To Preference via Entrenchment
cs.LO
We introduce a simple generalization of Gardenfors and Makinson's epistemic entrenchment called partial entrenchment. We show that preferential inference can be generated as the sceptical counterpart of an inference mechanism defined directly on partial entrenchment.
computer science
35,191
Modal Logics for Topological Spaces
cs.LO
In this thesis we shall present two logical systems, MP and MP, for the purpose of reasoning about knowledge and effort. These logical systems will be interpreted in a spatial context and therefore, the abstract concepts of knowledge and effort will be defined by concrete mathematical concepts.
computer science
35,192
Ordering-based Representations of Rational Inference
cs.LO
Rational inference relations were introduced by Lehmann and Magidor as the ideal systems for drawing conclusions from a conditional base. However, there has been no simple characterization of these relations, other than its original representation by preferential models. In this paper, we shall characterize them with a...
computer science
35,193
Entrenchment Relations: A Uniform Approach to Nonmonotonicity
cs.LO
We show that Gabbay's nonmonotonic consequence relations can be reduced to a new family of relations, called entrenchment relations. Entrenchment relations provide a direct generalization of epistemic entrenchment and expectation ordering introduced by Gardenfors and Makinson for the study of belief revision and expect...
computer science
35,194
Super Logic Programs
cs.AI
The Autoepistemic Logic of Knowledge and Belief (AELB) is a powerful nonmonotic formalism introduced by Teodor Przymusinski in 1994. In this paper, we specialize it to a class of theories called `super logic programs'. We argue that these programs form a natural generalization of standard logic programs. In particular,...
computer science
35,195
Order-consistent programs are cautiously monotonic
cs.LO
Some normal logic programs under the answer set (stable model) semantics lack the appealing property of "cautious monotonicity." That is, augmenting a program with one of its consequences may cause it to lose another of its consequences. The syntactic condition of "order-consistency" was shown by Fages to guarantee exi...
computer science
35,196
Improving Performance of heavily loaded agents
cs.MA
With the increase in agent-based applications, there are now agent systems that support \emph{concurrent} client accesses. The ability to process large volumes of simultaneous requests is critical in many such applications. In such a setting, the traditional approach of serving these requests one at a time via queues (...
computer science
35,198
Belief Revision: A Critique
cs.AI
We examine carefully the rationale underlying the approaches to belief change taken in the literature, and highlight what we view as methodological problems. We argue that to study belief change carefully, we must be quite explicit about the ``ontology'' or scenario underlying the belief change process. This is somethi...
computer science
35,199
Local Search Techniques for Constrained Portfolio Selection Problems
cs.CE
We consider the problem of selecting a portfolio of assets that provides the investor a suitable balance of expected return and risk. With respect to the seminal mean-variance model of Markowitz, we consider additional constraints on the cardinality of the portfolio and on the quantity of individual shares. Such constr...
computer science
35,200
The alldifferent Constraint: A Survey
cs.PL
The constraint of difference is known to the constraint programming community since Lauriere introduced Alice in 1978. Since then, several solving strategies have been designed for this constraint. In this paper we give both a practical overview and an abstract comparison of these different strategies.
computer science
35,201
Optimization Over Zonotopes and Training Support Vector Machines
cs.CG
We make a connection between classical polytopes called zonotopes and Support Vector Machine (SVM) classifiers. We combine this connection with the ellipsoid method to give some new theoretical results on training SVMs. We also describe some special properties of soft margin C-SVMs as parameter C goes to infinity.
computer science
35,202
Disjunctive Logic Programs with Inheritance
cs.LO
The paper proposes a new knowledge representation language, called DLP<, which extends disjunctive logic programming (with strong negation) by inheritance. The addition of inheritance enhances the knowledge modeling features of the language providing a natural representation of default reasoning with exceptions. A de...
computer science
35,203
Soft Scheduling
cs.AI
Classical notions of disjunctive and cumulative scheduling are studied from the point of view of soft constraint satisfaction. Soft disjunctive scheduling is introduced as an instance of soft CSP and preferences included in this problem are applied to generate a lower bound based on existing discrete capacity resource....
computer science
35,204
The Representation of Legal Contracts
cs.AI
The paper outlines ongoing research on logic-based tools for the analysis and representation of legal contracts of the kind frequently encountered in large-scale engineering projects and complex, long-term trading agreements. We consider both contract formation and contract performance, in each case identifying the rep...
computer science