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35,205
Computing Functional and Relational Box Consistency by Structured Propagation in Atomic Constraint Systems
cs.PL
Box consistency has been observed to yield exponentially better performance than chaotic constraint propagation in the interval constraint system obtained by decomposing the original expression into primitive constraints. The claim was made that the improvement is due to avoiding decomposition. In this paper we argue t...
computer science
35,206
Modelling Legal Contracts as Processes
cs.AI
This paper concentrates on the representation of the legal relations that obtain between parties once they have entered a contractual agreement and their evolution as the agreement progresses through time. Contracts are regarded as process and they are analysed in terms of the obligations that are active at various poi...
computer science
35,207
Complexity Results and Practical Algorithms for Logics in Knowledge Representation
cs.LO
Description Logics (DLs) are used in knowledge-based systems to represent and reason about terminological knowledge of the application domain in a semantically well-defined manner. In this thesis, we establish a number of novel complexity results and give practical algorithms for expressive DLs that provide different f...
computer science
35,208
The Logic Programming Paradigm and Prolog
cs.PL
This is a tutorial on logic programming and Prolog appropriate for a course on programming languages for students familiar with imperative programming.
computer science
35,209
Annotated revision programs
cs.AI
Revision programming is a formalism to describe and enforce updates of belief sets and databases. That formalism was extended by Fitting who assigned annotations to revision atoms. Annotations provide a way to quantify the confidence (probability) that a revision atom holds. The main goal of our paper is to reexamine t...
computer science
35,210
Fixed-parameter complexity of semantics for logic programs
cs.LO
A decision problem is called parameterized if its input is a pair of strings. One of these strings is referred to as a parameter. The problem: given a propositional logic program P and a non-negative integer k, decide whether P has a stable model of size no more than k, is an example of a parameterized decision problem...
computer science
35,211
Propositional satisfiability in answer-set programming
cs.AI
We show that propositional logic and its extensions can support answer-set programming in the same way stable logic programming and disjunctive logic programming do. To this end, we introduce a logic based on the logic of propositional schemata and on a version of the Closed World Assumption. We call it the extended lo...
computer science
35,212
aspps --- an implementation of answer-set programming with propositional schemata
cs.AI
We present an implementation of an answer-set programming paradigm, called aspps (short for answer-set programming with propositional schemata). The system aspps is designed to process PS+ theories. It consists of two basic modules. The first module, psgrnd, grounds an PS+ theory. The second module, referred to as aspp...
computer science
35,213
Using Methods of Declarative Logic Programming for Intelligent Information Agents
cs.MA
The search for information on the web is faced with several problems, which arise on the one hand from the vast number of available sources, and on the other hand from their heterogeneity. A promising approach is the use of multi-agent systems of information agents, which cooperatively solve advanced information-retrie...
computer science
35,214
Convergent Approximate Solving of First-Order Constraints by Approximate Quantifiers
cs.LO
Exactly solving first-order constraints (i.e., first-order formulas over a certain predefined structure) can be a very hard, or even undecidable problem. In continuous structures like the real numbers it is promising to compute approximate solutions instead of exact ones. However, the quantifiers of the first-order pre...
computer science
35,215
Assigning Satisfaction Values to Constraints: An Algorithm to Solve Dynamic Meta-Constraints
cs.PL
The model of Dynamic Meta-Constraints has special activity constraints which can activate other constraints. It also has meta-constraints which range over other constraints. An algorithm is presented in which constraints can be assigned one of five different satisfaction values, which leads to the assignment of domain ...
computer science
35,216
Interactive Timetabling
cs.PL
Timetabling is a typical application of constraint programming whose task is to allocate activities to slots in available resources respecting various constraints like precedence and capacity. In this paper we present a basic concept, a constraint model, and the solving algorithms for interactive timetabling. Interacti...
computer science
35,217
Dynamic Global Constraints: A First View
cs.PL
Global constraints proved themselves to be an efficient tool for modelling and solving large-scale real-life combinatorial problems. They encapsulate a set of binary constraints and using global reasoning about this set they filter the domains of involved variables better than arc consistency among the set of binary co...
computer science
35,218
Intelligent Search of Correlated Alarms from Database containing Noise Data
cs.NI
Alarm correlation plays an important role in improving the service and reliability in modern telecommunications networks. Most previous research of alarm correlation didn't consider the effect of noise data in Database. This paper focuses on the method of discovering alarm correlation rules from database containing noi...
computer science
35,219
The temporal calculus of conditional objects and conditional events
cs.AI
We consider the problem of defining conditional objects (a|b), which would allow one to regard the conditional probability Pr(a|b) as a probability of a well-defined event rather than as a shorthand for Pr(ab)/Pr(b). The next issue is to define boolean combinations of conditional objects, and possibly also the operator...
computer science
35,220
Embedding conditional event algebras into temporal calculus of conditionals
cs.AI
In this paper we prove that all the existing conditional event algebras embed into a three-valued extension of temporal logic of discrete past time, which the authors of this paper have proposed in anothe paper as a general model of conditional events. First of all, we discuss the descriptive incompleteness of the ce...
computer science
35,221
A logic-based approach to data integration
cs.DB
An important aspect of data integration involves answering queries using various resources rather than by accessing database relations. The process of transforming a query from the database relations to the resources is often referred to as query folding or answering queries using views, where the views are the resourc...
computer science
35,222
Intelligent Anticipated Exploration of Web Sites
cs.AI
In this paper we describe a web search agent, called Global Search Agent (hereafter GSA for short). GSA integrates and enhances several search techniques in order to achieve significant improvements in the user-perceived quality of delivered information as compared to usual web search engines. GSA features intelligent ...
computer science
35,223
Data Acquisition and Database Management System for Samsung Superconductor Test Facility
cs.DB
In order to fulfill the test requirement of KSTAR (Korea Superconducting Tokamak Advanced Research) superconducting magnet system, a large scale superconducting magnet and conductor test facility, SSTF (Samsung Superconductor Test Facility), has been constructed at Samsung Advanced Institute of Technology. The computer...
computer science
35,224
Bayesian Logic Programs
cs.AI
Bayesian networks provide an elegant formalism for representing and reasoning about uncertainty using probability theory. Theyare a probabilistic extension of propositional logic and, hence, inherit some of the limitations of propositional logic, such as the difficulties to represent objects and relations. We introduce...
computer science
35,225
A Logic Programming Approach to Knowledge-State Planning: Semantics and Complexity
cs.AI
We propose a new declarative planning language, called K, which is based on principles and methods of logic programming. In this language, transitions between states of knowledge can be described, rather than transitions between completely described states of the world, which makes the language well-suited for planning...
computer science
35,226
A Tight Upper Bound on the Number of Candidate Patterns
cs.DB
In the context of mining for frequent patterns using the standard levelwise algorithm, the following question arises: given the current level and the current set of frequent patterns, what is the maximal number of candidate patterns that can be generated on the next level? We answer this question by providing a tight u...
computer science
35,227
Representation of Uncertainty for Limit Processes
cs.AI
Many mathematical models utilize limit processes. Continuous functions and the calculus, differential equations and topology, all are based on limits and continuity. However, when we perform measurements and computations, we can achieve only approximate results. In some cases, this discrepancy between theoretical schem...
computer science
35,228
Interactive Constrained Association Rule Mining
cs.DB
We investigate ways to support interactive mining sessions, in the setting of association rule mining. In such sessions, users specify conditions (queries) on the associations to be generated. Our approach is a combination of the integration of querying conditions inside the mining phase, and the incremental querying o...
computer science
35,229
A Data Mining Framework for Optimal Product Selection in Retail Supermarket Data: The Generalized PROFSET Model
cs.DB
In recent years, data mining researchers have developed efficient association rule algorithms for retail market basket analysis. Still, retailers often complain about how to adopt association rules to optimize concrete retail marketing-mix decisions. It is in this context that, in a previous paper, the authors have int...
computer science
35,230
Computing Preferred Answer Sets by Meta-Interpretation in Answer Set Programming
cs.LO
Most recently, Answer Set Programming (ASP) is attracting interest as a new paradigm for problem solving. An important aspect which needs to be supported is the handling of preferences between rules, for which several approaches have been presented. In this paper, we consider the problem of implementing preference hand...
computer science
35,231
Collusion in Unrepeated, First-Price Auctions with an Uncertain Number of Participants
cs.GT
We consider the question of whether collusion among bidders (a "bidding ring") can be supported in equilibrium of unrepeated first-price auctions. Unlike previous work on the topic such as that by McAfee and McMillan [1992] and Marshall and Marx [2007], we do not assume that non-colluding agents have perfect knowledge ...
computer science
35,232
A Modal Logic Framework for Multi-agent Belief Fusion
cs.AI
This paper is aimed at providing a uniform framework for reasoning about beliefs of multiple agents and their fusion. In the first part of the paper, we develop logics for reasoning about cautiously merged beliefs of agents with different degrees of reliability. The logics are obtained by combining the multi-agent epis...
computer science
35,233
The Deductive Database System LDL++
cs.DB
This paper describes the LDL++ system and the research advances that have enabled its design and development. We begin by discussing the new nonmonotonic and nondeterministic constructs that extend the functionality of the LDL++ language, while preserving its model-theoretic and fixpoint semantics. Then, we describe th...
computer science
35,234
A Qualitative Dynamical Modelling Approach to Capital Accumulation in Unregulated Fisheries
cs.AI
Capital accumulation has been a major issue in fisheries economics over the last two decades, whereby the interaction of the fish and capital stocks were of particular interest. Because bio-economic systems are intrinsically complex, previous efforts in this field have relied on a variety of simplifying assumptions. Th...
computer science
35,235
Logic program specialisation through partial deduction: Control issues
cs.PL
Program specialisation aims at improving the overall performance of programs by performing source to source transformations. A common approach within functional and logic programming, known respectively as partial evaluation and partial deduction, is to exploit partial knowledge about the input. It is achieved through ...
computer science
35,236
Linear Programming helps solving large multi-unit combinatorial auctions
cs.GT
Previous works suggested the use of Branch and Bound techniques for finding the optimal allocation in (multi-unit) combinatorial auctions. They remarked that Linear Programming could provide a good upper-bound to the optimal allocation, but they went on using lighter and less tight upper-bound heuristics, on the ground...
computer science
35,237
Generalized Qualitative Probability: Savage revisited
cs.GT
Preferences among acts are analyzed in the style of L. Savage, but as partially ordered. The rationality postulates considered are weaker than Savage's on three counts. The Sure Thing Principle is derived in this setting. The postulates are shown to lead to a characterization of generalized qualitative probability that...
computer science
35,238
Optimal Solutions for Multi-Unit Combinatorial Auctions: Branch and Bound Heuristics
cs.GT
Finding optimal solutions for multi-unit combinatorial auctions is a hard problem and finding approximations to the optimal solution is also hard. We investigate the use of Branch-and-Bound techniques: they require both a way to bound from above the value of the best allocation and a good criterion to decide which bids...
computer science
35,239
Representing and Aggregating Conflicting Beliefs
cs.AI
We consider the two-fold problem of representing collective beliefs and aggregating these beliefs. We propose modular, transitive relations for collective beliefs. They allow us to represent conflicting opinions and they have a clear semantics. We compare them with the quasi-transitive relations often used in Social Ch...
computer science
35,240
NetNeg: A Connectionist-Agent Integrated System for Representing Musical Knowledge
cs.AI
The system presented here shows the feasibility of modeling the knowledge involved in a complex musical activity by integrating sub-symbolic and symbolic processes. This research focuses on the question of whether there is any advantage in integrating a neural network together with a distributed artificial intelligence...
computer science
35,241
The Algorithms of Updating Sequential Patterns
cs.DB
Because the data being mined in the temporal database will evolve with time, many researchers have focused on the incremental mining of frequent sequences in temporal database. In this paper, we propose an algorithm called IUS, using the frequent and negative border sequences in the original database for incremental se...
computer science
35,242
When to Update the sequential patterns of stream data?
cs.DB
In this paper, we first define a difference measure between the old and new sequential patterns of stream data, which is proved to be a distance. Then we propose an experimental method, called TPD (Tradeoff between Performance and Difference), to decide when to update the sequential patterns of stream data by making a ...
computer science
35,243
Fast Hands-free Writing by Gaze Direction
cs.HC
We describe a method for text entry based on inverse arithmetic coding that relies on gaze direction and which is faster and more accurate than using an on-screen keyboard. These benefits are derived from two innovations: the writing task is matched to the capabilities of the eye, and a language model is used to make...
computer science
35,244
Robust Global Localization Using Clustered Particle Filtering
cs.RO
Global mobile robot localization is the problem of determining a robot's pose in an environment, using sensor data, when the starting position is unknown. A family of probabilistic algorithms known as Monte Carlo Localization (MCL) is currently among the most popular methods for solving this problem. MCL algorithms rep...
computer science
35,245
Sampling Strategies for Mining in Data-Scarce Domains
cs.CE
Data mining has traditionally focused on the task of drawing inferences from large datasets. However, many scientific and engineering domains, such as fluid dynamics and aircraft design, are characterized by scarce data, due to the expense and complexity of associated experiments and simulations. In such data-scarce do...
computer science
35,246
Qualitative Analysis of Correspondence for Experimental Algorithmics
cs.AI
Correspondence identifies relationships among objects via similarities among their components; it is ubiquitous in the analysis of spatial datasets, including images, weather maps, and computational simulations. This paper develops a novel multi-level mechanism for qualitative analysis of correspondence. Operators leve...
computer science
35,247
Intelligent Search of Correlated Alarms for GSM Networks with Model-based Constraints
cs.NI
In order to control the process of data mining and focus on the things of interest to us, many kinds of constraints have been added into the algorithms of data mining. However, discovering the correlated alarms in the alarm database needs deep domain constraints. Because the correlated alarms greatly depend on the logi...
computer science
35,248
Computing stable models: worst-case performance estimates
cs.LO
We study algorithms for computing stable models of propositional logic programs and derive estimates on their worst-case performance that are asymptotically better than the trivial bound of O(m 2^n), where m is the size of an input program and n is the number of its atoms. For instance, for programs, whose clauses cons...
computer science
35,249
The Traits of the Personable
cs.AI
Information personalization is fertile ground for application of AI techniques. In this article I relate personalization to the ability to capture partial information in an information-seeking interaction. The specific focus is on personalizing interactions at web sites. Using ideas from partial evaluation and explanat...
computer science
35,250
A Spectrum of Applications of Automated Reasoning
cs.AI
The likelihood of an automated reasoning program being of substantial assistance for a wide spectrum of applications rests with the nature of the options and parameters it offers on which to base needed strategies and methodologies. This article focuses on such a spectrum, featuring W. McCune's program OTTER, discussin...
computer science
35,251
Connectives in Quantum and other Cumulative Logics
cs.AI
Cumulative logics are studied in an abstract setting, i.e., without connectives, very much in the spirit of Makinson's early work. A powerful representation theorem characterizes those logics by choice functions that satisfy a weakening of Sen's property alpha, in the spirit of the author's "Nonmonotonic Logics and Sem...
computer science
35,252
Mining All Non-Derivable Frequent Itemsets
cs.DB
Recent studies on frequent itemset mining algorithms resulted in significant performance improvements. However, if the minimal support threshold is set too low, or the data is highly correlated, the number of frequent itemsets itself can be prohibitively large. To overcome this problem, recently several proposals have ...
computer science
35,253
Relational Association Rules: getting WARMeR
cs.DB
In recent years, the problem of association rule mining in transactional data has been well studied. We propose to extend the discovery of classical association rules to the discovery of association rules of conjunctive queries in arbitrary relational data, inspired by the WARMR algorithm, developed by Dehaspe and Toiv...
computer science
35,254
Knowledge management for enterprises (Wissensmanagement fuer Unternehmen)
cs.IR
Although knowledge is one of the most valuable resource of enterprises and an important production and competition factor, this intellectual potential is often used (or maintained) only inadequate by the enterprises. Therefore, in a globalised and growing market the optimal usage of existing knowledge represents a key ...
computer science
35,255
Agent Programming with Declarative Goals
cs.AI
A long and lasting problem in agent research has been to close the gap between agent logics and agent programming frameworks. The main reason for this problem of establishing a link between agent logics and agent programming frameworks is identified and explained by the fact that agent programming frameworks have not i...
computer science
35,256
Intuitions and the modelling of defeasible reasoning: some case studies
cs.AI
The purpose of this paper is to address some criticisms recently raised by John Horty in two articles against the validity of two commonly accepted defeasible reasoning patterns, viz. reinstatement and floating conclusions. I shall argue that Horty's counterexamples, although they significantly raise our understanding ...
computer science
35,257
Alternative Characterizations for Strong Equivalence of Logic Programs
cs.AI
In this work we present additional results related to the property of strong equivalence of logic programs. This property asserts that two programs share the same set of stable models, even under the addition of new rules. As shown in a recent work by Lifschitz, Pearce and Valverde, strong equivalence can be simply red...
computer science
35,258
Some logics of belief and disbelief
cs.AI
The introduction of explicit notions of rejection, or disbelief, into logics for knowledge representation can be justified in a number of ways. Motivations range from the need for versions of negation weaker than classical negation, to the explicit recording of classic belief contraction operations in the area of belie...
computer science
35,259
Iterated revision and the axiom of recovery: a unified treatment via epistemic states
cs.AI
The axiom of recovery, while capturing a central intuition regarding belief change, has been the source of much controversy. We argue briefly against putative counterexamples to the axiom--while agreeing that some of their insight deserves to be preserved--and present additional recovery-like axioms in a framework that...
computer science
35,260
Well-Founded Argumentation Semantics for Extended Logic Programming
cs.LO
This paper defines an argumentation semantics for extended logic programming and shows its equivalence to the well-founded semantics with explicit negation. We set up a general framework in which we extensively compare this semantics to other argumentation semantics, including those of Dung, and Prakken and Sartor. We ...
computer science
35,261
The Rise and Fall of the Church-Turing Thesis
cs.CC
The essay consists of three parts. In the first part, it is explained how theory of algorithms and computations evaluates the contemporary situation with computers and global networks. In the second part, it is demonstrated what new perspectives this theory opens through its new direction that is called theory of super...
computer science
35,262
Interpolation Theorems for Nonmonotonic Reasoning Systems
cs.AI
Craig's interpolation theorem (Craig 1957) is an important theorem known for propositional logic and first-order logic. It says that if a logical formula $\beta$ logically follows from a formula $\alpha$, then there is a formula $\gamma$, including only symbols that appear in both $\alpha,\beta$, such that $\beta$ logi...
computer science
35,263
A Polynomial Translation of Logic Programs with Nested Expressions into Disjunctive Logic Programs: Preliminary Report
cs.AI
Nested logic programs have recently been introduced in order to allow for arbitrarily nested formulas in the heads and the bodies of logic program rules under the answer sets semantics. Nested expressions can be formed using conjunction, disjunction, as well as the negation as failure operator in an unrestricted fashio...
computer science
35,264
Reinforcing Reachable Routes
cs.NI
This paper studies the evaluation of routing algorithms from the perspective of reachability routing, where the goal is to determine all paths between a sender and a receiver. Reachability routing is becoming relevant with the changing dynamics of the Internet and the emergence of low-bandwidth wireless/ad-hoc networks...
computer science
35,265
A Paraconsistent Higher Order Logic
cs.LO
Classical logic predicts that everything (thus nothing useful at all) follows from inconsistency. A paraconsistent logic is a logic where an inconsistency does not lead to such an explosion, and since in practice consistency is difficult to achieve there are many potential applications of paraconsistent logics in knowl...
computer science
35,266
Soft Concurrent Constraint Programming
cs.PL
Soft constraints extend classical constraints to represent multiple consistency levels, and thus provide a way to express preferences, fuzziness, and uncertainty. While there are many soft constraint solving formalisms, even distributed ones, by now there seems to be no concurrent programming framework where soft const...
computer science
35,267
Offline Specialisation in Prolog Using a Hand-Written Compiler Generator
cs.PL
The so called ``cogen approach'' to program specialisation, writing a compiler generator instead of a specialiser, has been used with considerable success in partial evaluation of both functional and imperative languages. This paper demonstrates that the cogen approach is also applicable to the specialisation of logic ...
computer science
35,268
Complete Axiomatizations for Reasoning About Knowledge and Time
cs.LO
Sound and complete axiomatizations are provided for a number of different logics involving modalities for knowledge and time. These logics arise from different choices for various parameters. All the logics considered involve the discrete time linear temporal logic operators `next' and `until' and an operator for the k...
computer science
35,269
Compilability of Abduction
cs.AI
Abduction is one of the most important forms of reasoning; it has been successfully applied to several practical problems such as diagnosis. In this paper we investigate whether the computational complexity of abduction can be reduced by an appropriate use of preprocessing. This is motivated by the fact that part of th...
computer science
35,270
Geometric Aspects of Multiagent Systems
cs.MA
Recent advances in Multiagent Systems (MAS) and Epistemic Logic within Distributed Systems Theory, have used various combinatorial structures that model both the geometry of the systems and the Kripke model structure of models for the logic. Examining one of the simpler versions of these models, interpreted systems, an...
computer science
35,271
Encoding a Taxonomy of Web Attacks with Different-Length Vectors
cs.CR
Web attacks, i.e. attacks exclusively using the HTTP protocol, are rapidly becoming one of the fundamental threats for information systems connected to the Internet. When the attacks suffered by web servers through the years are analyzed, it is observed that most of them are very similar, using a reduced number of atta...
computer science
35,272
A uniform approach to logic programming semantics
cs.AI
Part of the theory of logic programming and nonmonotonic reasoning concerns the study of fixed-point semantics for these paradigms. Several different semantics have been proposed during the last two decades, and some have been more successful and acknowledged than others. The rationales behind those various semantics h...
computer science
35,273
Vanquishing the XCB Question: The Methodology Discovery of the Last Shortest Single Axiom for the Equivalential Calculus
cs.LO
With the inclusion of an effective methodology, this article answers in detail a question that, for a quarter of a century, remained open despite intense study by various researchers. Is the formula XCB = e(x,e(e(e(x,y),e(z,y)),z)) a single axiom for the classical equivalential calculus when the rules of inference cons...
computer science
35,274
XCB, the Last of the Shortest Single Axioms for the Classical Equivalential Calculus
cs.LO
It has long been an open question whether the formula XCB = EpEEEpqErqr is, with the rules of substitution and detachment, a single axiom for the classical equivalential calculus. This paper answers that question affirmatively, thus completing a search for all such eleven-symbol single axioms that began seventy years a...
computer science
35,275
Thinking Adaptive: Towards a Behaviours Virtual Laboratory
cs.AI
In this paper we name some of the advantages of virtual laboratories; and propose that a Behaviours Virtual Laboratory should be useful for both biologists and AI researchers, offering a new perspective for understanding adaptive behaviour. We present our development of a Behaviours Virtual Laboratory, which at this st...
computer science
35,276
Redundancy in Logic I: CNF Propositional Formulae
cs.AI
A knowledge base is redundant if it contains parts that can be inferred from the rest of it. We study the problem of checking whether a CNF formula (a set of clauses) is redundant, that is, it contains clauses that can be derived from the other ones. Any CNF formula can be made irredundant by deleting some of its claus...
computer science
35,277
Propositional satisfiability in declarative programming
cs.LO
Answer-set programming (ASP) paradigm is a way of using logic to solve search problems. Given a search problem, to solve it one designs a theory in the logic so that models of this theory represent problem solutions. To compute a solution to a problem one needs to compute a model of the corresponding theory. Several an...
computer science
35,278
Monadic Style Control Constructs for Inference Systems
cs.AI
Recent advances in programming languages study and design have established a standard way of grounding computational systems representation in category theory. These formal results led to a better understanding of issues of control and side-effects in functional and imperative languages. Another benefit is a better way...
computer science
35,279
Merging Locally Correct Knowledge Bases: A Preliminary Report
cs.AI
Belief integration methods are often aimed at deriving a single and consistent knowledge base that retains as much as possible of the knowledge bases to integrate. The rationale behind this approach is the minimal change principle: the result of the integration process should differ as less as possible from the knowled...
computer science
35,280
Formal Concept Analysis and Resolution in Algebraic Domains
cs.LO
We relate two formerly independent areas: Formal concept analysis and logic of domains. We will establish a correspondene between contextual attribute logic on formal contexts resp. concept lattices and a clausal logic on coherent algebraic cpos. We show how to identify the notion of formal concept in the domain theore...
computer science
35,281
Tight Logic Programs
cs.AI
This note is about the relationship between two theories of negation as failure -- one based on program completion, the other based on stable models, or answer sets. Francois Fages showed that if a logic program satisfies a certain syntactic condition, which is now called ``tightness,'' then its stable models can be ch...
computer science
35,282
Conferences with Internet Web-Casting as Binding Events in a Global Brain: Example Data From Complexity Digest
cs.NI
There is likeness of the Internet to human brains which has led to the metaphor of the world-wide computer network as a `Global Brain'. We consider conferences as 'binding events' in the Global Brain that can lead to metacognitive structures on a global scale. One of the critical factors for that phenomenon to happen (...
computer science
35,283
Dempster's Rule for Evidence Ordered in a Complete Directed Acyclic Graph
cs.AI
For the case of evidence ordered in a complete directed acyclic graph this paper presents a new algorithm with lower computational complexity for Dempster's rule than that of step-by-step application of Dempster's rule. In this problem, every original pair of evidences, has a corresponding evidence against the simultan...
computer science
35,284
Beslutstödssystemet Dezzy - en översikt
cs.AI
Within the scope of the three-year ANTI-SUBMARINE WARFARE project of the National Defence Research Establishment, the INFORMATION SYSTEMS subproject has developed the demonstration prototype Dezzy for handling and analysis of intelligence reports concerning foreign underwater activities. ----- Inom ramen f\"or FOA:...
computer science
35,285
Bounded LTL Model Checking with Stable Models
cs.LO
In this paper bounded model checking of asynchronous concurrent systems is introduced as a promising application area for answer set programming. As the model of asynchronous systems a generalisation of communicating automata, 1-safe Petri nets, are used. It is shown how a 1-safe Petri net and a requirement on the beha...
computer science
35,286
Lexicographic probability, conditional probability, and nonstandard probability
cs.GT
The relationship between Popper spaces (conditional probability spaces that satisfy some regularity conditions), lexicographic probability systems (LPS's), and nonstandard probability spaces (NPS's) is considered. If countable additivity is assumed, Popper spaces and a subclass of LPS's are equivalent; without the assu...
computer science
35,287
D0 Data Handling Operational Experience
cs.DC
We report on the production experience of the D0 experiment at the Fermilab Tevatron, using the SAM data handling system with a variety of computing hardware configurations, batch systems, and mass storage strategies. We have stored more than 300 TB of data in the Fermilab Enstore mass storage system. We deliver data t...
computer science
35,288
'Computing' as Information Compression by Multiple Alignment, Unification and Search
cs.AI
This paper argues that the operations of a 'Universal Turing Machine' (UTM) and equivalent mechanisms such as the 'Post Canonical System' (PCS) - which are widely accepted as definitions of the concept of `computing' - may be interpreted as *information compression by multiple alignment, unification and search* (ICMAUS...
computer science
35,289
Definition and Complexity of Some Basic Metareasoning Problems
cs.AI
In most real-world settings, due to limited time or other resources, an agent cannot perform all potentially useful deliberation and information gathering actions. This leads to the metareasoning problem of selecting such actions. Decision-theoretic methods for metareasoning have been studied in AI, but there are few t...
computer science
35,290
Supporting Dynamic Ad hoc Collaboration Capabilities
cs.OH
Modern HENP experiments such as CMS and Atlas involve as many as 2000 collaborators around the world. Collaborations this large will be unable to meet often enough to support working closely together. Many of the tools currently available for collaboration focus on heavy-weight applications such as videoconferencing to...
computer science
35,291
Bridging the gap between modal temporal logics and constraint-based QSR as an ALC(D) spatio-temporalisation with weakly cyclic TBoxes
cs.AI
The aim of this work is to provide a family of qualitative theories for spatial change in general, and for motion of spatial scenes in particular. To achieve this, we consider a spatio-temporalisation MTALC(D_x), of the well-known ALC(D) family of Description Logics (DLs) with a concrete domainan. In particular, the co...
computer science
35,292
A logic for reasoning about upper probabilities
cs.AI
We present a propositional logic %which can be used to reason about the uncertainty of events, where the uncertainty is modeled by a set of probability measures assigning an interval of probability to each event. We give a sound and complete axiomatization for the logic, and show that the satisfiability problem is NP-c...
computer science
35,293
Modeling Belief in Dynamic Systems, Part I: Foundations
cs.AI
Belief change is a fundamental problem in AI: Agents constantly have to update their beliefs to accommodate new observations. In recent years, there has been much work on axiomatic characterizations of belief change. We claim that a better understanding of belief change can be gained from examining appropriate semantic...
computer science
35,294
Modeling Belief in Dynamic Systems, Part II: Revisions and Update
cs.AI
The study of belief change has been an active area in philosophy and AI. In recent years two special cases of belief change, belief revision and belief update, have been studied in detail. In a companion paper, we introduce a new framework to model belief change. This framework combines temporal and epistemic modalitie...
computer science
35,295
Learning in Multiagent Systems: An Introduction from a Game-Theoretic Perspective
cs.MA
We introduce the topic of learning in multiagent systems. We first provide a quick introduction to the field of game theory, focusing on the equilibrium concepts of iterated dominance, and Nash equilibrium. We show some of the most relevant findings in the theory of learning in games, including theorems on fictitious p...
computer science
35,296
Model-Based Debugging using Multiple Abstract Models
cs.SE
This paper introduces an automatic debugging framework that relies on model-based reasoning techniques to locate faults in programs. In particular, model-based diagnosis, together with an abstract interpretation based conflict detection mechanism is used to derive diagnoses, which correspond to possible faults in progr...
computer science
35,297
Goedel Machines: Self-Referential Universal Problem Solvers Making Provably Optimal Self-Improvements
cs.LO
We present the first class of mathematically rigorous, general, fully self-referential, self-improving, optimally efficient problem solvers. Inspired by Kurt Goedel's celebrated self-referential formulas (1931), such a problem solver rewrites any part of its own code as soon as it has found a proof that the rewrite is ...
computer science
35,298
A Hierarchical Situation Calculus
cs.AI
A situation calculus is presented that provides a solution to the frame problem for hierarchical situations, that is, situations that have a modular structure in which parts of the situation behave in a relatively independent manner. This situation calculus is given in a relational, functional, and modal logic form. Ea...
computer science
35,299
Using Artificial Intelligence for Model Selection
cs.AI
We apply the optimization algorithm Adaptive Simulated Annealing (ASA) to the problem of analyzing data on a large population and selecting the best model to predict that an individual with various traits will have a particular disease. We compare ASA with traditional forward and backward regression on computer simulat...
computer science
35,300
Transient Diversity in Multi-Agent Systems
cs.AI
Diversity is an important aspect of highly efficient multi-agent teams. We introduce the main factors that drive a multi-agent system in either direction along the diversity scale. A metric for diversity is described, and we speculate on the concept of transient diversity. Finally, an experiment on social entropy using...
computer science
35,301
Modeling State in Software Debugging of VHDL-RTL Designs -- A Model-Based Diagnosis Approach
cs.AI
In this paper we outline an approach of applying model-based diagnosis to the field of automatic software debugging of hardware designs. We present our value-level model for debugging VHDL-RTL designs and show how to localize the erroneous component responsible for an observed misbehavior. Furthermore, we discuss an ex...
computer science
35,302
Enhancing a Search Algorithm to Perform Intelligent Backtracking
cs.AI
This paper illustrates how a Prolog program, using chronological backtracking to find a solution in some search space, can be enhanced to perform intelligent backtracking. The enhancement crucially relies on the impurity of Prolog that allows a program to store information when a dead end is reached. To illustrate the ...
computer science
35,303
A Parameterised Hierarchy of Argumentation Semantics for Extended Logic Programming and its Application to the Well-founded Semantics
cs.LO
Argumentation has proved a useful tool in defining formal semantics for assumption-based reasoning by viewing a proof as a process in which proponents and opponents attack each others arguments by undercuts (attack to an argument's premise) and rebuts (attack to an argument's conclusion). In this paper, we formulate a ...
computer science
35,304
Using Counterfactuals in Knowledge-Based Programming
cs.DC
This paper adds counterfactuals to the framework of knowledge-based programs of Fagin, Halpern, Moses, and Vardi. The use of counterfactuals is illustrated by designing a protocol in which an agent stops sending messages once it knows that it is safe to do so. Such behavior is difficult to capture in the original frame...
computer science