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9,700 | Earthquake source parameters and fault kinematics in the Eastern California Shear Zone | physics.geo-ph | Based on waveform data from a profile of aftershocks following the
north-south trace of the June 28, 1992 Landers rupture across the Mojave
desert, we construct a new velocity model for the Mojave region which features
a thin, slow crust. Using this model, we obtain source parameters, including
depth and duration, for ... | physics |
9,701 | An Automatic Method for Determination of Lg Arrival Times Using Wavelet Transforms | physics.geo-ph | The regional phase Lg is used to estimate location and magnitude for sources
closer than 1500 km. The complexity of Lg waveforms makes it difficult to
consistently determine Lg arrival time, thus affecting source location with a
single station or array. This study tests an automatic method for timing Lg
arrivals using ... | physics |
9,702 | A brief History of the Earth | physics.geo-ph | The possibility of an increasing gravitational constant $G$ and its
implication on the Earth's history are discussed. The model is consistent with
geophysical and astronomical data. The number of days in early epochs predicted
by the model is in agreement with those obtained from fossil corals. The model
predicts that ... | physics |
9,703 | GIST: A tool for Global Ionospheric Tomography using GPS ground and LEO d ata and sources of opportunity with applications in instrument calibration | physics.geo-ph | Ionospheric tomography using GPS data has been reported in the literature and
even the application to radar altimeter calibration was succesfully carried out
in a recent work. We here present a new software tool, called Global
Ionospheric Stochastic Tomography software (GIST), and its powerful capability
for ingesting ... | physics |
9,704 | Some Wave-Related, Heavy Mineral Placer Deposits | physics.geo-ph | Examples of heavy mineral placer deposits are presented in which wave
reflection, refraction, diffraction and resonance would appear to have played a
major concentrating role. Their geometry is compared with the computer
generated patterns predicted for the reflection, refraction and diffraction of
surface waves moving... | physics |
9,705 | Seismic Wave Recording by 2S-Seismographs | physics.geo-ph | Researchers of seismic waves may construct a new seismographic recording
adding one seismometer to each component of a conventional seismic station. The
two identical conventional seismometers are set up in position of perpendicular
and are connected in parallel feeding one recording device (digital or analog).
This us... | physics |
9,706 | Geometry of River Networks I: Scaling, Fluctuations, and Deviations | physics.geo-ph | This article is the first in a series of three papers investigating the
detailed geometry of river networks. Large-scale river networks mark an
important class of two-dimensional branching networks, being not only of
intrinsic interest but also a pervasive natural phenomenon. In the description
of river network structu... | physics |
9,707 | Geometry of River Networks II: Distributions of Component Size and Number | physics.geo-ph | The structure of a river network may be seen as a discrete set of nested
sub-networks built out of individual stream segments. These network components
are assigned an integral stream order via a hierarchical and discrete ordering
method. Exponential relationships, known as Horton's laws, between stream order
and ensem... | physics |
9,708 | Geometry of River Networks III: Characterization of Component Connectivity | physics.geo-ph | River networks serve as a paradigmatic example of all branching networks.
Essential to understanding the overall structure of river networks is a
knowledge of their detailed architecture. Here we show that sub-branches are
distributed exponentially in size and that they are randomly distributed in
space, thereby comple... | physics |
9,709 | Instantaneous response of the ionosphere to a sudden commencement of the strong magnetic storm of April 6, 2000 | physics.geo-ph | We developed a new technology for global detection of atmospheric
disturbances, on the basis of phase measurements of the total electron content
(TEC) using an international GPS networks. Temporal dependencies of TEC are
obtained for a set of spaced receivers of the GPS network simultaneously for
the entire set of visi... | physics |
9,710 | Effects of the August 11, 1999 total solar eclipse as deduced from total electron content measurements at the GPS network | physics.geo-ph | We present the results derived from measuring fundamental parameters of the
ionospheric response to the August 11, 1999 total solar eclipse. Our study is
based on using the data from about 70 GPS stations located in the neighbourhood
of the eclipse totality phase in Europe. The eclipse period was characterized
by a low... | physics |
9,711 | The GPS global detection of the ionospheric response to solar flares | physics.geo-ph | This author suggests the concept of a new technology for global detection
(GLOBDET) of atmospheric disturbances of natural and technogenic origin, on the
basis of phase measurements of the total electron content (TEC) in the
ionosphere using an international GPS network. Temporal dependencies of TEC are
obtained for a ... | physics |
9,712 | Ionospheric effects of the solar flares of September 23, 1998 and July 29, 1999 as deduced from global GPS network data | physics.geo-ph | This paper presents data from first GPS measurements of global response of
the ionosphere to solar flares of September 23, 1998 and July 29, 1999. The
analysis used novel technology of a global detection of ionospheric effects
from solar flares (GLOBDET) as developed by one of the authors (Afraimovich E.
L.). The essen... | physics |
9,713 | The shock-acoustic waves generated by earthquakes | physics.geo-ph | We investigate the form and dynamics of shock-acoustic waves generated by
earthquakes. We use the method for detecting and locating the sources of
ionospheric impulsive disturbances, based on using data from a global network
of receivers of the GPS navigation system and requiring no a priori information
about the place... | physics |
9,714 | The use of GPS-arrays in detecting shock-acoustic waves generated during rocket launchings | physics.geo-ph | This paper is concerned with the form and dynamics of shock-acoustic waves
(SAW) generated during rocket launchings. We have developed a method for
determining SAW parameters (including angular characteristics of the wave
vector, and the SAW phase velocity, as well as the direction towards the
source) using GPS-arrays ... | physics |
9,715 | Magnetospheric disturbances, and the GPS operation | physics.geo-ph | We have investigated a dependence of the relative density of phase slips in
the GPS navigation system on the disturbance level of the Earth's
magnetosphere. The study is based on using Internet-available selected data
from the global GPS network, with the simultaneously handled number of
receiving stations ranging from... | physics |
9,716 | Pressure-volume-temperature equation of state of MgSiO3 perovskite from molecular dynamics and constraints on lower mantle composition | physics.geo-ph | The composition of the lower mantle can be investigated by examining
densities and seismic velocities of compositional models as functions of depth.
In order to do this it is necessary to know the volumes and thermoelastic
properties of the compositional constituents under lower mantle conditions. We
determined the the... | physics |
9,717 | Aircraft Hazard related to gas emission from the Earth | physics.geo-ph | I think it important that pilots, the aircraft industry, air safety staff,
accident investigators, should all be aware of the possibility of the hazard
described in the accompanying article, and also that research shold be directed
to establish the severity of this hazard, and find ways of diminishing the
risk. | physics |
9,718 | Geomagnetic control of the spectrum of traveling ionospheric disturbances based on data from a global GPS network | physics.geo-ph | In this paper an attempt is made to verify the hypothesis on the role of
geomagnetic disturbances as a factor determining the intensity of traveling
ionospheric disturbances (TIDs). To improve the statistical validity of the
data, we have used the based on the new GLOBDET technology method involving a
global spatial av... | physics |
9,719 | Analytic tomography of the mantle in a spherically Earth. The technique MZY | physics.geo-ph | An explicit expression for P-wave velocity is proposed to develop a novel
tomographic technique in a spherically symmetric model of the Earth (MZY). The
distribution of the P velocity structure in the mantle is determined using only
34 P- and 2 PcP-observed traveltimes. By applying a non-linear inversion, the
P-residua... | physics |
9,720 | Energy Distribution in Earthquakes: A Non-Extensive Approach | physics.geo-ph | By using the maximum entropy principle with Tsallis entropy and under the
assumption that the gouge plays an active role in the triggering of
earthquakes, we obtain a functional dependence for energy distribution function
for earthquakes which fits very well with observations in the region of small
energies. This distr... | physics |
9,721 | Radio and optical observations of large-scale traveling ionospheric disturbances during a strong geomagnetic storm of 6-8 April 2000 | physics.geo-ph | Basic properties of the mid-latitude large-scale traveling ionospheric
disturbances (LS TIDs) during the maximum phase of a strong magnetic storm of
6-8 April 2000 are shown. Total electron content (TEC) variations were studied
by using data from GPS receivers located in Russia and Central Asia. The
nightglow response ... | physics |
9,722 | Ionospheric manifestations of geomagnetic pulsations at high latitudes | physics.geo-ph | In this paper the interrelation between geomagnetic pulsations and variations
in frequency Doppler shift (Fd) of the ionosphere-reflected radio signal is
under investigation. The experiment on simultaneous recording of Fd variations
and geomagnetic pulsations was organised at high latitude station in Norilsk
(geomagnet... | physics |
9,723 | Inhomogeneous structure of the high-latitude ionosphere as observed at Norilsk | physics.geo-ph | In March and August/September 1995, February 1996, and in March-April 1998,
observations of the inhomogeneous structure of the high-latitude ionosphere
were carried out at Norilsk (geomagnetic latitude and longitude are 64.2 N and
160.4 E, and L=5.2). Small-scale irregularities (with the lifetime of several
seconds,and... | physics |
9,724 | Enhacement in the dymanic response of a viscoelastic fluid flowing through a longitudinally vibrating tube | physics.geo-ph | We analyzed effects of elasticity on the dynamics of fluids in porous media
by studying a flow of a Maxwell fluid in a tube, which oscillates
longitudinally and is subject to oscillatory pressure gradient. The present
study investigates novelties brought about into the classic Biot's theory of
propagation of elastic wa... | physics |
9,725 | Properties of Elastic Waves in a non-Newtonian (Maxwell) Fluid-Saturated Porous Medium | physics.geo-ph | The present study investigates novelties brought about into the classic
Biot's theory of propagation of elastic waves in a fluid-saturated porous solid
by inclusion of non-Newtonian effects that are important, for example, for
hydrocarbons. Based on our previous results (Tsiklauri and Beresnev: 2001,
Phys. Rev. E, 63, ... | physics |
9,726 | Magnetosphere-Ionosphere Coupling in the Region of Auroral Electrojets | physics.geo-ph | We discuss the question as to how the magnetospheric energy source feeds the
ionospheric current system.
It is shown that a consistent application and further development of Kennel's
ideas makes it possible to successfully solve the magnetosphere-ionosphere
coupling problem in regard to the formation of auroral elect... | physics |
9,727 | Ionospheric effects of the solar flares as deduced from global GPS network data | physics.geo-ph | Results derived from analysing the ionosphere response to faint and bright
solar flares are presented. The analysis used technology of a global detection
of ionospheric effects from solar flares as developed by the authors, on the
basis of phase measurements of the total electron content (TEC) in the
ionosphere using a... | physics |
9,728 | Ionospheric response to the total solar eclipse of June 21, 2001 | physics.geo-ph | We discuss the measurements of the main parameters of the ionospheric
response to the total solar eclipse of June 21, 2001. This study is based on
using the data from three stations of the global GPS network located in the
area of the totality band in Africa. This period was characterized by a low
level of geomagnetic ... | physics |
9,729 | A case study of the mid-latitude GPS performance at nighttime during the magnetic storm of July 15, 2000 | physics.geo-ph | Using the geomagnetic storm of July 15, 2000 as an example, we investigated
the dependence of GPS navigation system performance on the nightside at
mid-latitudes on the level of geomagnetic disturbance. The investigation was
based on the data from the global GPS system available through the Internet. It
was shown that ... | physics |
9,730 | Estimating the contribution from different ionospheric regions to the TEC response to the solar flares using data from the international GPS network | physics.geo-ph | This paper proposes a new method for estimating the contribution from
different ionospheric regions to the response of total electron content
variations to the solar flare which uses the effect of partial shadowing of the
atmosphere by the terrestrial globe. The study uses GPS stations located near
the boundary of the ... | physics |
9,731 | An additional planet as a model for the Pleistocene Ice Age | physics.geo-ph | We propose a model for the Pleistocene Ice Age, assuming the following
scenario: Between 3 Myr and 11.5 kyr BP a Mars-sized object existed which moved
in a highly eccentric orbit. Originating from this object, gas clouds with a
complex dynamics reduced Earth's insolation and caused a drop in the global
temperature. In ... | physics |
9,732 | Physical Properties of Iron in the Inner Core | physics.geo-ph | The Earth's inner core plays a vital role in the dynamics of our planet and
is itself strongly exposed to dynamic processes as evidenced by a complex
pattern of elastic structure. To gain deeper insight into the nature of these
processes we rely on a characterization of the physical properties of the inner
core which a... | physics |
9,733 | A correlation between Earth's inclinations and the times of the cold events recorded in Devils Hole climate data | physics.geo-ph | The calculated values of Earth's inclinations during the cold events in the
500 kyr climate record of Devils Hole show a correlation: they cluster in the
regions around 1 and 2 degrees. The Devils Hole record has been chosen, since
it was dated by absolute methods. Other climate records covering the same
period also ha... | physics |
9,734 | Testing of the transionospheric radiochannel using data from the global GPS network | physics.geo-ph | Using the international ground-based network of two-frequency receivers of
the GPS navigation system provides a means of carrying out a global, continuous
and fully-computerized monitoring of phase fluctuations of signals from
satellite-borne radio engineering systems caused by the Earth's inhomogeneous
and nonstationa... | physics |
9,735 | Degradation of GPS performance in geomagnetically disturbed conditions | physics.geo-ph | The GPS performance is impaired in conditions of geomagnetic distrubances.
The rms error of positioning accuracy increases in the case where two-frequency
GPS receivers of three main types (ASHTECH, TRIMBLE, and AOA) are in operation.
For ASHTECH receivers (unlike AOA and TRIMBLE) there is also a clear
correlation betw... | physics |
9,736 | Traveling wave packets of total electron content disturbances as deduced from global GPS network data | physics.geo-ph | We identified a new class of mid-latitude medium-scale traveling ionospheric
disturbances (MS TIDs), viz. traveling wave packets (TWPs) of total electron
content (TEC) disturbances. For the first time, the morphology of TWPs is
presented for 105 days. Using the technique of GPS interferometry of TIDs we
carried out a d... | physics |
9,737 | An Fe-Si-Ni solidification model of the Earth's layering | physics.geo-ph | The physical process creating layered structure in planetary rocky bodies is
considered here to be multicomponent solidification. This is a unified
alternative approach to the present interpretations where each layer is
reasoned and matched individually. The Earth's solidification is modelled using
the ternary phase di... | physics |
9,738 | Isolated ionospheric disturbances as deduced from global GPS network | physics.geo-ph | We investigate an unusual class of medium-scale traveling ionospheric
disturbances (MS TIDs) of the nonwave type, isolated ionospheric disturbances
(IIDs) that manifest themselves in total electron content (TEC) variations in
the form of single aperiodic negative TEC disturbances of a duration of about
10 min (the tota... | physics |
9,739 | Degradation of signals and operation failures of radio engineering satellite systems during geospace disturbances accompanied by abrupt changes in the geomagnetic field | physics.geo-ph | During strong magnetic storms, the errors of determination of the range,
frequency Doppler shift and angles of arrival of transionospheric radio signals
exceeds the one for magnetically quiet days by one order of magnitude as a
minimum. This can be the cause of performance degradation of current satellite
radio enginee... | physics |
9,740 | The electromagnetic fields under, on and over Earth surface as when, where and how earthquake precursor | physics.geo-ph | It is given an attempt for statistical estimation of when earthquake
prediction for Balkan- Black Sea region using the geomagnetic field signal. The
preliminary test of the approach for England (Hartland), Turkey (Kandilli) and
India (Alibag) regions is presented. The research step by step program for
creating when, wh... | physics |
9,741 | Importance of direct and indirect triggered seismicity | physics.geo-ph | Using the simple ETAS branching model of seismicity, which assumes that each
earthquake can trigger other earthquakes, we quantify the role played by the
cascade of triggered seismicity in controlling the rate of aftershock decay as
well as the overall level of seismicity in the presence of a constant external
seismici... | physics |
9,742 | Are Aftershocks of Large Californian Earthquakes Diffusing? | physics.geo-ph | We analyze 21 aftershock sequences of California to test for evidence of
space-time diffusion. Aftershock diffusion may result from stress diffusion and
is also predicted by any mechanism of stress weakening. Here, we test an
alternative mechanism to explain aftershock diffusion, based on multiple
cascades of triggerin... | physics |
9,743 | Absolute palaeointensity of Oligocene (28-30 Ma) lava flows from the Kerguelen Archipelago (southern Indian Ocean) | physics.geo-ph | We report palaeointensity estimates obtained from three Oligocene volcanic
sections from the Kerguelen Archipelago (Mont des Ruches, Mont des Tempetes,
and Mont Rabouillere). Of 402 available samples, 102 were suitable for a
palaeofield strength determination after a preliminary selection, among which
49 provide a reli... | physics |
9,744 | Mono Lake or Laschamp geomagnetic event recorded from lava flows in Amsterdam Island (southeastern Indian Ocean) | physics.geo-ph | We report a survey carried out on basalt flows from Amsterdam Island in order
to check the presence of intermediate directions interpreted to belong to a
geomagnetic field excursion within the Brunhes epoch, completing this
paleomagnetic record with paleointensity determinations and radiometric dating.
The directional ... | physics |
9,745 | Neutron-gravity interferometry experiment: testing Earth's rotating frequency fluctuations via neutron Berry's phases due to spin-rotation couplings | physics.geo-ph | Neutron spin can be coupled to the Earth's rotating frequency. Once if the
Earth's rotating frequency is time-dependent, then the neutron will acquire a
Berry's topological phase (cyclic adiabatic geometric phase). So, a potential
method to investigate the Earth's time-varying rotating frequency by measuring
the phase ... | physics |
9,746 | Revisiting the Jurassic Geomagnetic Reversal recorded in the Lesotho Basalt (Southern Africa) | physics.geo-ph | We carried out a detailed and continuous paleomagnetic sampling of the
reversed to normal geomagnetic transition recorded by some 60 consecutive flow
units near the base of the Lesotho Basalt (183  1 Ma). After
alternating field or thermal cleaning the directions of remanence are generally
well clustered within... | physics |
9,747 | Bath's law Derived from the Gutenberg-Richter law and from Aftershock Properties | physics.geo-ph | The empirical Bath's law states that the average difference in magnitude
between a mainshock and its largest aftershock is 1.2, regardless of the
mainshock magnitude. Following Vere-Jones [1969] and Console et al. [2003], we
show that the origin of Bath's law is to be found in the selection procedure
used to define mai... | physics |
9,748 | Melting of San Carlos olivine in the presence of carbon at 6-12 GPa | physics.geo-ph | Experiments at 6-12 GPa showed that San Carlos olivine surrounded by carbon
melts incongruently at 1400 C and higher temperatures, producing olivine with
lower Fe contents, pyroxene, carbide, and carbonate melt. The relatively low
melting temperature of 1400 C, independent of pressure, is consistent with
carbonate melt... | physics |
9,749 | Intercluster Correlation in Seismicity | physics.geo-ph | Mega et al.(cond-mat/0212529) proposed to use the ``diffusion entropy'' (DE)
method to demonstrate that the distribution of time intervals between a large
earthquake (the mainshock of a given seismic sequence) and the next one does
not obey Poisson statistics. We have performed synthetic tests which show that
the DE is... | physics |
9,750 | Post glacial rebounds measure the viscosity of the lithosphere | physics.geo-ph | The observed higher uplift rates before the end of deglaciation requires the
existence of a low viscosity channel or layer. The uplifts observed after the
end of deglaciation does not show any contribution from this low viscosity
channel and a homogeneous viscosity model fits very well to the observed
uplift. Most of t... | physics |
9,751 | Spectral element modeling of three dimensional wave propagation in a self-gravitating Earth with an arbitrarily stratified outer core | physics.geo-ph | This paper deals with the spectral element modeling of seismic wave
propagation at the global scale. Two aspects relevant to low-frequency studies
are particularly emphasized. First, the method is generalized beyond the
Cowling approximation in order to fully account for the effects of
self-gravitation. In particular, ... | physics |
9,752 | Dynamics of Crystal Formation in the Greenland NorthGRIP Ice Core | physics.geo-ph | The North Greenland Ice Core Project (NorthGRIP) provides paleoclimatic
information back to at about 120 kyr before present (Dahl-Jensen and others,
2002). Each year, precipitation on the ice sheet covers it with a new layer of
snow, which gradually transforms into ice crystals as the layer sinks into the
ice sheet. Th... | physics |
9,753 | Study of the atmospheric pressure loading signal in VLBI observations | physics.geo-ph | Redistribution of air masses due to atmospheric circulation causes loading
deformation of the Earth's crust which can be as large as 20 mm for the
vertical component and 3 mm for horizontal components. Rigorous computation of
site displacements caused by pressure loading requires knowledge of the surface
pressure field... | physics |
9,754 | Raining lead around 250mya : a smoking gun for an Australian impact origin of the Permian Extinction | physics.geo-ph | Recent documentation of extreme atmospheric sulfur and methane contents at
the time of the vast Permo-Triassic (P-T) extinction makes it possible to
interpret an observation that has lain unnoticed in the geological literature
for 40 years. This is the finding of microscopic metallic lead tear drops in
the fluvial stra... | physics |
9,755 | Influence of squirt flow on fundamental guided waves propagation in borehole embedded in saturated porous media | physics.geo-ph | In this paper, the reservoir is modeled by homogeneous two-phase media based
on BISQ model. We focus on the effects of the squirt flow on the fundamental
guided waves propagation in borehole embedded in saturated porous media excited
by monopole, dipole and quadrupole point sources. The full waveforms acoustic
logging ... | physics |
9,756 | Reverse Detection of Short-Term Earthquake Precursors | physics.geo-ph | We introduce a new approach to short-term earthquake prediction based on the
concept of selforganization of seismically active fault networks. That approach
is named "Reverse Detection of Precursors" (RDP), since it considers precursors
in reverse order of their appearance. This makes it possible to detect
precursors u... | physics |
9,757 | 2D ground motion at a soft viscoelastic layer/hard substratum site in response to SH cylindrical seismic waves radiated by deep and shallow line sources | physics.geo-ph | We show, essentially by theoretical means, that for a site with the chosen
simple geometry and mechanical properties (horizontal, homogeneous, soft
viscoelastic layer of infinite lateral extent overlying, and in welded contact
with, a homogeneous, hard elastic substratum of half-infinite radial extent,
shear-horizontal... | physics |
9,758 | Atmospheric pressure loading for routine data analysis | physics.geo-ph | We have computed 3-D displacements induced by atmospheric pressure loading
from 6-hourly surface pressure field from NCEP (National Center for
Environmental Predictions) Reanalysis data for all Very Long Baseline
Interferometry) and SLR (Satellite Laser Ranging) stations. We have
quantitatively estimated the error budg... | physics |
9,759 | Using a Numerical Weather Model to Improve Geodesy | physics.geo-ph | The use of a Numerical Weather Model (NWM) to provide in situ atmosphere
information for mapping functions of atmosphere delay has been evaluated using
Very Long Baseline Interferometry (VLBI) data spanning eleven years. Parameters
required by the IMF mapping functions (Niell 2000, 2001) have been calculated
from the N... | physics |
9,760 | Bernoulli process with 282 ky periodicity is detected in the R-N reversals of the earth's magnetic field | physics.geo-ph | Investigating the polarity time scales for the last 118 My a Bernoulli
process with p=0.5 overriding with a Gaussian noise have been detected for the
R-N magnetic reversals. The Bernoulli trials are separated by 282 ky. The
frequency of the Bernoulli process correlates to planetary cycles and
consistent with an impact ... | physics |
9,761 | Strain-induced kinetics of intergrain defects as the mechanism of slow dynamics in the nonlinear resonant response of humid sandstone bars | physics.geo-ph | A closed-form description is proposed to explain nonlinear and slow dynamics
effects exhibited by sandstone bars in longitudinal resonance experiments.
Along with the fast subsystem of longitudinal nonlinear displacements we
examine the strain-dependent slow subsystem of broken intergrain and
interlamina cohesive bonds... | physics |
9,762 | Quest for the Nuclear Georeactor | physics.geo-ph | The paper focuses on a proposal for an underground antineutrino antenna to
further develop the dectection of these particles as a tool to map the
distribution of radiogenic heat sources, such as the natural radionuclides and
a hypothetical nuclear georeactor. | physics |
9,763 | Earthquakes temporal occurrence: a statistical study | physics.geo-ph | The distribution of inter-occurrence time between seismic events is a
quantity of great interest in seismic risk assessment. We evaluate this
distribution for different models of earthquakes occurrence and follow two
distinct approaches: The non homogeneous Poissonian and the non Poissonian one.
In all cases we obtain ... | physics |
9,764 | Seismic Activity in Tucunduba Reservoir, Senador Sa-CE, Brazil, 1997-1998 | physics.geo-ph | The Tucunduba Dam is about 290 km West of Fortaleza, Cear\'a state. The
seismic monitoring of the area, with a local network, has began on June 11,
1997, soon after the occurrence of the event with magnitude 3.2 $m_b$ on June
09, 1997. The monitoring was done with one the analogical station (used for
magnitude duration... | physics |
9,765 | Importance of small earthquakes for stress transfers and earthquake triggering | physics.geo-ph | We estimate the relative importance of small and large earthquakes for static
stress changes and for earthquake triggering, assuming that earthquakes are
triggered by static stress changes and that earthquakes are located on a
fractal network of dimension D. This model predicts that both the number of
events triggered ... | physics |
9,766 | Multifractal Scaling of Thermally-Activated Rupture Processes | physics.geo-ph | We propose a ``multifractal stress activation'' model combining thermally
activated rupture and long memory stress relaxation, which predicts that
seismic decay rates after mainshocks follow the Omori law $\sim 1/t^p$ with
exponents $p$ linearly increasing with the magnitude $M_L$ of the mainshock and
the inverse tempe... | physics |
9,767 | Altitude dependence of atmospheric temperature trends: Climate models versus observation | physics.geo-ph | As a consequence of greenhouse forcing, all state of the art general
circulation models predict a positive temperature trend that is greater for the
troposphere than the surface. This predicted positive trend increases in value
with altitude until it reaches a maximum ratio with respect to the surface of
as much as 1.5... | physics |
9,768 | Disparity of tropospheric and surface temperature trends: New evidence | physics.geo-ph | Observations suggest that the earth's surface has been warming relative to
the troposphere for the last 25 years; this is not only difficult to explain
but also contrary to the results of climate models. We provide new evidence
that the disparity is real. Introducing an additional data set, R2 2 meter
temperatures, a d... | physics |
9,769 | Computation of a homogeneous coordinate time series for European GPS stations by reprocessing of the weekly EPN solutions | physics.geo-ph | Weekly coordinate time series for the all EPN (European Permanent GPS
Network) stations for the period of observations beginning from GPS week 834
was obtained by a reprocessing of the official EPN solutions. Comparison of
this series with EPN Central Bureau (EPN CB) and the previous IAA two-year
solution for selected ... | physics |
9,770 | A New Free Core Nutation Model with Variable Amplitude and Period | physics.geo-ph | Three most long and dense VLBI nutation series obtained at the Goddard Space
Flight Center, Institute of Applied Astronomy, and U.S. Naval Observatory were
used for investigation of the Free Core Nutation (FCN) contribution to the
celestial pole offset. Some recent studies have showed that the FCN period
or/and phase d... | physics |
9,771 | Detection of Phase Jumps of Free Core Nutation of the Earth and their Concurrence with Geomagnetic Jerks | physics.geo-ph | We detected phase jumps of the Free Core Nutation (FCN) of the Earth directly
from the analysis of the Very Long Baseline Interferometer (VLBI) observation
of the Earth rotation for the period 1984-2003 by applying the Weighted Wavelet
Z-Transform (WWZ) method and the Short-time Periodogram with the Gabor function
(SPG... | physics |
9,772 | A Note on the Dipole Coordinates | physics.geo-ph | A couple of orthogonal coordinates for dipole geometry are proposed for
numerical simulations of plasma geophysics in the Earth's dipole magnetic
field. These coordinates have proper metric profiles along field lines in
contrast to the standard dipole coordinate system that is commonly used in
analytical studies for di... | physics |
9,773 | GPS radio occultation with GRACE: Atmospheric profiling utilizing the zero difference technique | physics.geo-ph | Radio occultation events recorded on 28-29 July 2004 by a GPS receiver aboard
the GRACE-B satellite are analyzed. The stability of the receiver clock allows
for the derivation of excess phase profiles using a zero difference technique,
rendering the calibration procedure with concurrent observations of a reference
GPS ... | physics |
9,774 | The axial ratio of hcp iron at the conditions of the Earth's inner core | physics.geo-ph | We present ab initio calculations of the high-temperature axial c/a ratio of
hexagonal-close-packed (hcp) iron at Earth's core pressures, in order to help
interpret the observed seismic anisotropy of the inner core. The calculations
are based on density functional theory, which is known to predict the
properties of hig... | physics |
9,775 | On the Frequency-magnitude Law for Fractal Seismicity | physics.geo-ph | Scaling analysis of seismicity in the space-time-magnitude domain very often
starts from the relation N(m,L)=a(L)*10**(-bm)*L**c for the rate of seismic
events of magnitude M>m in an area of size L. There are some evidences in favor
of multifractal property of seismic process. In this case the choice of the
scale expon... | physics |
9,776 | Investigation of initiation of gigantic jets connecting thunderclouds to the ionosphere | physics.geo-ph | The initiation of giant electrical discharges called as "gigantic jets"
connecting thunderclouds to the ionosphere is investigated by numerical
simulation method in this paper. Using similarity relations, the triggering
conditions of streamer formation in laboratory situations are extended to form
a criterion of initia... | physics |
9,777 | Multigrid iterative algorithm using pseudo-compressibility for three-dimensional mantle convection with strongly variable viscosity | physics.geo-ph | A numerical algorithm for solving mantle convection problems with strongly
variable viscosity is presented. Equations for conservation of mass and
momentum for highly viscous and incompressible fluids are solved iteratively by
a multigrid method in combination with pseudo-compressibility and local time
stepping techniq... | physics |
9,778 | Climate sensitivity of Earth to solar irradiance: update | physics.geo-ph | This paper is a continuation of a study by Douglass and Clader. We extend the
analysis through December 2003 using the latest updates of the observational
temperature and solar irradiance data sets in addition to a new volcano proxy
data set. We have re-determined the solar effect on the temperature from
satellite meas... | physics |
9,779 | Constraints on the Size of the Smallest Triggering Earthquake from the ETAS Model, Baath's Law, and Observed Aftershock Sequences | physics.geo-ph | The physics of earthquake triggering together with simple assumptions of
self-similarity impose the existence of a minimum magnitude m0 below which
earthquakes do not trigger other earthquakes. Noting that the magnitude md of
completeness of seismic catalogs has no reason to be the same as the magnitude
m0 of the small... | physics |
9,780 | Apparent Clustering and Apparent Background Earthquakes Biased by Undetected Seismicity | physics.geo-ph | In models of triggered seismicity and in their inversion with empirical data,
the detection threshold m_d is commonly equated to the magnitude m_0 of the
smallest triggering earthquake. This unjustified assumption neglects the
possibility of shocks below the detection threshold triggering observable
events. We introduc... | physics |
9,781 | Theory of tectonics in the sphere | physics.geo-ph | Soft or Deformable Plate Tectonics in the sphere must follow geometric rules
inferred from the orthographic projection. An analytic equivalent of this
geometry can be derived by the application of Potential Field Methods in the
case of Atlantic type oceans. Laplace equation must be obeyed by the velocity
field between ... | physics |
9,782 | Deghosting of Ocean Bottom Cable Data:Two approaches | physics.geo-ph | Two filter based approaches for deghosting of Ocean Bottom Cable data are
presented. One of them is phase shifting of geophone followed by least square
matching of cross ghosted geophone and hydrophone data.In the second
approach,phase shifting of geophone is followed by direct matching of
geophone's amplitude spectrum... | physics |
9,783 | A New Global Theory of the Earth's Dynamics : a Single Cause Can Explain All the Geophysical and Geological Phenomena | physics.geo-ph | After describing all the contradictions associated with the current Plate
Tectonics theory, this paper proposes a model where a single cause can explain
all geophysical and geological phenomena. The source of the Earth's activity
lies in the difference of the angular velocities of the mantle and of the solid
inner core... | physics |
9,784 | Visco-magnetic torque at the core mantle boundary | physics.geo-ph | A magneto-hydrodynamic model of boundary layers at the Core-Mantle Boundary
(CMB) is derived and used to compute the viscous and electromagnetic torques
generated by the Earth's nutation forcing. The predicted electromagnetic torque
alone cannot account for the dissipation estimated from the observations of the
free co... | physics |
9,785 | Relationship between acoustic body waves and in situ stresses around a borehole | physics.geo-ph | This paper shows that there are three types of shape of acoustic body waves
propagating inside competent and homogeneous formations penetrated by a
borehole : simple, double, and resonant. This fact is connected to the
modifications undergone by the area located around a well after drilling in
relation to in situ state... | physics |
9,786 | Is the San Andreas Fracture a bayonet-shaped fracture as inferred from the acoustic body waves in the SAFOD Pilot hole ? | physics.geo-ph | The method using the propagation of acoustic body waves within the stress
modified areas around a vertical borehole has been applied to the granitic
formation penetrated by the SAFOD Pilot hole near the San Andreas Fault trace.
This method allows us investigating the horizontal in situ stresses. Only P
waves supplied u... | physics |
9,787 | Numerical simulation of lava flows based on depth-averaged equations | physics.geo-ph | Risks and damages associated with lava flows propagation (for instance the
most recent Etna eruptions) require a quantitative description of this
phenomenon and a reliable forecasting of lava flow paths. Due to the high
complexity of these processes, numerical solution of the complete conservation
equations for real la... | physics |
9,788 | Gravity is indeed the driving force for fault pattern formation and westward displacement of the lithosphere | physics.geo-ph | Gravity influence of the Sun and the Moon on the Earth is the cause of the
fault pattern on Earth's surface we observe nowadays and also of the westward
displacement of the lithosphere. A somewhat related hypotheses advanced in the
past have been that tidal torque of the Moon may be significant. However, it
has been ar... | physics |
9,789 | A physical model for aftershocks triggered by dislocation on a rectangular fault | physics.geo-ph | We find the static displacement, stress, strain and the modified Columb
failure stress produced in an elastic medium by a finite size rectangular fault
after its dislocation with uniform stress drop but a non uniform dislocation on
the source. The time-dependent rate of triggered earthquakes is estimated by a
rate-stat... | physics |
9,790 | Evidences of a threshold system as the source for magnetic storms detected on Earth s surface | physics.geo-ph | Threshold systems appear to underlie the global behaviour of physical
phenomena very unlike at a first look. The usual experimental fingerprint of
threshold system grounded phenomena is the presence of power laws. Experimental
evidence has been found, for example, in superconductor vortex avalanches, sand
piles, the br... | physics |
9,791 | First principles study of density, viscosity, and diffusion coefficients of liquid MgSiO3 at conditions of the Earth's deep mantle | physics.geo-ph | Constant-pressure constant-temperature {\it ab initio} molecular dynamics
simulations at high temperatures have been used to study MgSiO$_3$ liquid, the
major constituent of the Earth's lower mantle to conditions of the Earth's
core-mantle boundary (CMB). We have performed variable-cell {\it ab initio}
molecular dynami... | physics |
9,792 | Global permanent deformations triggered by the Sumatra earthquake | physics.geo-ph | The giant Sumatra-Andaman earthquake of December 26 2004 caused permanent
deformations effects in a region of previously never observed extension. The
GPS data from the world wide network of permanent IGS sites show significant
coseismic displacements in an area exceeding 107 km^2. The effects of the
permanent residual... | physics |
9,793 | Transient deformations in the Suez-Sinai area from GPS observations | physics.geo-ph | We analyze data from four GPS campaigns carried out between 1997 and 2002 on
a network of 11 sites in the Suez-Sinai, the area of collision between the
African and the Arabian plates. This is the key area to understand how and in
which way Sinai behaves like a sub-plate of the African plate and the role
played between ... | physics |
9,794 | Geodynamo and mantle convection simulations on the Earth Simulator using the Yin-Yang grid | physics.geo-ph | We have developed finite difference codes based on the Yin-Yang grid for the
geodynamo simulation and the mantle convection simulation. The Yin-Yang grid is
a kind of spherical overset grid that is composed of two identical component
grids. The intrinsic simplicity of the mesh configuration of the Yin-Yang grid
enables... | physics |
9,795 | Comparative study of P and S wave amplitudes of acoustic logging through solid formations : contribution to the knowledge of in situ stresses and fractures | physics.geo-ph | In order to compare the ratios between the amplitudes of P and S acoustic
waves drawn from various boreholes, we have defined a specific wave parameter
called magnitude : for each shot, we have added the maximum positive amplitude
values and the absolute values of the minimum negative amplitudes of a given
wave recorde... | physics |
9,796 | Magnitude clustering and dynamical scaling in trigger models for earthquake forecasting | physics.geo-ph | One of the main interests in seismology is the formulation of models able to
describe the clustering in time occurrence of earthquakes. Analysis of the
Southern California Catalog shows magnitude clustering in correspondence to
temporal clustering. Here we propose a dynamical scaling hypothesis in which
time is rescale... | physics |
9,797 | Modification of the pattern informatics method for forecasting large earthquake events using complex eigenvectors | physics.geo-ph | Recent studies have shown that real-valued principal component analysis can
be applied to earthquake fault systems for forecasting and prediction. In
addition, theoretical analysis indicates that earthquake stresses may obey a
wave-like equation, having solutions with inverse frequencies for a given fault
similar to th... | physics |
9,798 | Eulerian Derivation of the Coriolis Force | physics.geo-ph | In textbooks of geophysical fluid dynamics, the Coriolis force and the
centrifugal force in a rotating fluid system are derived by making use of the
fluid parcel concept. In contrast to this intuitive derivation to the apparent
forces, more rigorous derivation would be useful not only for the pedagogical
purpose, but a... | physics |
9,799 | Correlation between the parameters of the rate equation for simple aftershock sequences: implications for the forecasting of rates and probabilities | physics.geo-ph | We analyzed the correlations among the parameters of the Reasenberg and Jones
(1989) formula describing the aftershock rate after a mainshock as a function
of time and magnitude, on the basis of parameter estimates made in previous
works for New Zealand, Italy and California. For all of three datasets we found
that the... | physics |
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