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9,900
Characterising a Si(Li) detector element for the SIXA X-ray spectrometer
physics.ins-det
The detection efficiency and response function of a Si(Li) detector element for the SIXA spectrometer have been determined in the 500 eV to 5 keV energy range using synchrotron radiation emitted at a bending magnet of the electron storage ring BESSY, which is a primary radiation standard. The agreement between the meas...
physics
9,901
The ring imaging Cherenkov detector for the BRAHMS experiment at RHIC
physics.ins-det
A ring imaging Cherenkov counter, to be read out by four 100-channel PMTs, is a key element of the BRAHMS experiment. We report here the most recent results obtained tested at the BNL AGS using several radiator gases, including the heavy fluorocarbon C4F10. Ring radii were measured for different particles (pions, muons...
physics
9,902
Characterisation of low pressure VPE GaAs diodes before and after 24 GeV/c proton irradiation
physics.ins-det
GaAs Schottky diode detectors have been fabricated upon Low Pressure Vapour Phase Epitaxial GaAs. The devices were characterised before and after a $1.25 \times 10^{14}$~cm$^{-2}$ 24GeV/c proton fluence. The as fabricated Ti-GaAs barrier height was measured, via two electrical methods, to be $0.81\pm0.005$ and $0.85\pm...
physics
9,903
The effects of radiation on Gallium Arsenide radiation detectors
physics.ins-det
Semi-insulating, undoped, Liquid Encapsulated Czochralski (SI-U LEC) GaAs detectors have been irradiated with 1MeV neutrons, 24GeV/c protons, and 300MeV/c pions. The maximum fluences used were 6, 3, and 1.8~10$^{14}$ particles/cm$^{2}$ respectively. For all three types of irradiation the charge collection efficiencies ...
physics
9,904
Recent results on GaAs detectors - 137
physics.ins-det
The present understanding of the charge collection in GaAs detectors with respect to the materials used and its processing are discussed. The radiation induced degradation of the charge collection efficiency and the leakage current of the detectors are summarised. The status of strip and pixel detectors for the ATLAS e...
physics
9,905
An optical readout for a fibre tracker
physics.ins-det
The performance of 16 and 64 channel photomultipliers coupled to scintillating fibres has been tested. The devices are sensitive to single photoelectrons, show little gain losses for magnetic fields up to 100 Gauss and have moderate optical cross-talk. The maximum channel to channel gain variations reach a factor two f...
physics
9,906
The GRAAL high resolution BGO calorimeter and its energy calibration and monitoring system
physics.ins-det
We describe the electromagnetic calorimeter built for the GRAAL apparatus at the ESRF. Its monitoring system is presented in detail. Results from tests and the performance obtained during the first GRAAL experiments are given. The energy calibration accuracy and stability reached is a small fraction of the intrinsic de...
physics
9,907
Radiation Induced Damage in GaAs Particle Detectors
physics.ins-det
The motivation for investigating the use of GaAs as a material for detecting particles in experiments for High Energy Physics (HEP) arose from its perceived resistance to radiation damage. This is a vital requirement for detector materials that are to be used in experiments at future accelerators where the radiation en...
physics
9,908
Preliminary Results for LP VPE X-Ray Detectors
physics.ins-det
Thick epitaxial layers have been grown using Low Pressure Vapour Phase Epitaxy techniques with low free carrier concentrations . This type of material is attractive as a medium for X-ray detection, because of its high conversion efficiency for X-rays in the medically interesting energy range.
physics
9,909
AC-coupled GaAs microstrip detectors with a new type of integrated bias resistors
physics.ins-det
Full size single-sided GaAs microstrip detectors with integrated coupling capacitors and bias resistors have been fabricated on 3'' substrate wafers. PECVD deposited SiO_2 and SiO_2/Si_3N_4 layers were used to provide coupling capacitaces of 32.5 pF/cm and 61.6 pF/cm, respectively. The resistors are made of sputtered C...
physics
9,910
Electrode thickness measurement of a Si(Li) detector for the SIXA array
physics.ins-det
Cathode electrodes of the Si(Li) detector elements of the SIXA X-ray spectrometer array are formed by gold-palladium alloy contact layers. The equivalent thickness of gold in one element was measured by observing the characteristic L-shell X-rays of gold excited by monochromatised synchrotron radiation with photon ener...
physics
9,911
An effective method to read out large scintillator areas with precise timing
physics.ins-det
Using scintillator tile technology several square meters of plastic scintillator are read out by only two photomultiplier with a time precision of about 1.5 nsec. Two examples are discussed to build a detector based on this technology to search for cosmic muons and neutrinos.
physics
9,912
A 10 MHz beam counter and a multiplicity detector for the E864 spectrometer
physics.ins-det
The E864 experiment at BNL requires a beam counter and multiplicity detector system that can perform at an incident beam rate of 10^7 Au ions per second. We have developed and tested a 150 micrometer thick quartz Cherenkov beam counter and a scintillator based multiplicity-trigger counter during the first run of this e...
physics
9,913
Thin gap parallel mesh chamber: a sparkless high-rate detector
physics.ins-det
In this work we describe a parallel geometry gaseous detector constituted by a thin (0.6 mm) amplifying gap preceded by a drift region. The gap is delimited by a metal plate and by a wire mesh. The detector can count up to a rate of 10^7 Hz/mm2 at gain 1000 and retains at lower counting rates the high gains (close to 1...
physics
9,914
Energy calibration of the NaI(Tl) calorimeter of the SND detector using cosmic muons
physics.ins-det
The general purpose spherical nonmagnetic detector (SND) is now taking data at VEPP-2M $e^+e^-$ collider in BINP (Novosibirsk) in the centre of mass energy range of $0.2 \div 1.4$ GeV. The energy calibration of the NaI(Tl) calorimeter of the SND detector with cosmic muons is described. Using this method, the energy res...
physics
9,915
Energy calibration of the NaI(Tl) calorimeter of the SND detector using $e^+e^- \to e^+e^-$ events
physics.ins-det
Calibration of the three layer NaI(Tl) spherical calorimeter of the SND detector using electron -- positron scattering events is described. Energy resolution of $5 % (FWHM/2.36)$ for 500 MeV photons was achieved.
physics
9,916
Carbon Coated Gas Electron Multipliers
physics.ins-det
Gas electron multipliers (GEMs) have been overcoated with a high resistivity 10e14 - 10e15 Ohms / square amorphous carbon layer. The coating avoids charging up of the holes and provides a constant gain immediately after switching on independent of the rate. The gain uniformity across the GEM is improved. Coating opens ...
physics
9,917
Optical vernier technique for in-situ measurement of the length of long Fabry-Perot cavities
physics.ins-det
We propose a method for in-situ measurement of the length of kilometer size Fabry-Perot cavities in laser gravitational wave detectors. The method is based on the vernier, which occurs naturally when the laser incident on the cavity has a sideband. By changing the length of the cavity over several wavelengths we obtain...
physics
9,918
New Developments in Hybrid Photon Detectors
physics.ins-det
New developments in HPD design are presented, triggered by applications in high energy physics and astrophysics. The presented HPD designs are based on three innovations. (i) In order to achieve the highest possible surface coverage in a RICH detector, we introduced a photoelectron focussing method which is efficient t...
physics
9,919
Sonoluminescence as Instrument for the Measurement of Time Parameters of Fast Photomultipliers
physics.ins-det
The apparatus description for control of the time parameters of photomultipliers with high time resolution is described. For generation of ultrashort light flashes have been used sonoluminescence effect -- emission of the light flashes which is appearing at the stressed interior of collapsing air microbubble by sound w...
physics
9,920
A handy method to monitor outputs from a pulsed light source and its application to photomultiplier's rate effect studies
physics.ins-det
In order to study photomultiplier's short-term gain stability at high counting rate, we constructed an LED pulsed light source and its output monitor system. For the monitor system, we employed a photon counting method using a photomultiplier as a monitor photon detector. It is found that the method offers a simple way...
physics
9,921
Solution to the ion feedback problem in Hybrid Photon Detectors and Photo Multiplier Tubes
physics.ins-det
A general solution to the positive ion feedback problem in Hybrid Photon Detectors (HPD), photo multipliers (PM) and other similar detectors was found in the insertion of a permanent electrostatic potential barrier which prevents drift of positive ions from the anode, or the first dynode, towards the photocathode. In t...
physics
9,922
Magnetic field profiling for selected-states magnetic-resonance spectroscopy (SSMRS) and Stern-Gerlach spectroscopy (MGRS) in condensed matter
physics.ins-det
A method was presented of profiling the magnetic field, with a zero vector of magnetic flux density $B_{r}$ and strong gradient G, enabling conditions for the Stern-Gerlach spectroscopy to be accomplished in condensed matter (the method has been called magnetic field gradient spectroscopy - MGRS), as well the previousl...
physics
9,923
Polarization of the Tagged Compton Backscattered Laser Photons. Results of Monte Carlo Simulation
physics.ins-det
Polarization characteristics of the gamma beam obtained by the Compton back scattering of laser photons on high energy electrons are evaluated by Monte-Carlo simulations. It is assumed that outgoing photons are tagged; the energy dispersion of the tagging photons and emittance of the initial electrons are taken into ...
physics
9,924
An Integrated Circuit for Signal Processing of the AMS RICH Photmultipliers Tubes
physics.ins-det
An analog integrated circuit has been designed, in a BiCMOS 0.8 micron technology, for the feasability study of the signal processing of the AMS RICH photomultiplier tubes. This low power, three channel gated integrator includes its own gate and no external analog delay is requiered. It processes PMT pulses over a dyna...
physics
9,925
Design and Operation of Front-End Electronics for the HERA-B Muon Detector
physics.ins-det
We have implemented a cost-effective design for the readout electronics of both the anode wires and the cathode pads of large area proportional wire chambers for the HERA-B muon system based on the ASD-08 integrated circuit. To control and monitor the large number of readout channels, we have built a distributed contro...
physics
9,926
Imaging Hybrid Photon Detectors with Minimized Dead Area and Protection Against Positive Ion Feedback
physics.ins-det
Imaging Hybrid Photon Detectors (HPD) have been developed for integration in large area Cherenkov detectors for high energy physics and astrophysics. The presented designs - developed particularly for the experiments MAGIC, LHCb and AQUA-RICH - comprise very good imaging properties, protection against positive ion feed...
physics
9,927
Taber Vibration Isolator for Vacuum and Cryogenic Applications
physics.ins-det
We present a procedure for the design and construction of a passive, multipole, mechanical high-stop vibration isolator. The isolator, consisting of a stack of metal disks connected by thin wires, attenuates frequencies in the kilohertz range, and is suited to both vacuum and cryogenic environments. We derive an approx...
physics
9,928
The Electronics of the H1 Lead/Scintillating-Fibre Calorimeters
physics.ins-det
The electronic system developed for the SpaCal lead/scintillating-fibre calorimeters of the H1 detector in operation at the HERA ep collider is described in detail and the performance achieved during H1 data-taking is presented. The 10 MHz bunch crossing rate of HERA puts severe constraints on the requirements of the e...
physics
9,929
A proposal for a new type of thin-film field-emission display by edge breakdown of MIS structure
physics.ins-det
A new type of field emission display(FED) based on an edge-enhance electron emission from metal-insulator-semiconductor (MIS) thin film structure is proposed. The electrons produced by an avalanche breakdown in the semiconductor near the edge of a top metal electrode are initially injected to the thin film of an insula...
physics
9,930
The Micro Slit Gas Detector
physics.ins-det
We describe the first tests with a new proportional gas detector. Its geometry consists in slits opened in a copper metallized kapton foil with 30 micron anode strips suspended in these openings. In this way the multiplication process is similar to a standard MSGC. The fundamental difference is the absence of an insula...
physics
9,931
Getting Physics Data From the CMS ECAL Construction Database
physics.ins-det
CMS ECAL physicists must be able to extract physics characteristics from the ECAL construction database for the calibration of sets of detector components. Other applications, such as geometry for simulation and physics event reconstruction, will also need to extract data from the construction database. In each case, a...
physics
9,932
Review of Cosmic Ray experiments with underground detectors
physics.ins-det
The most important underground detectors addressing Cosmic Ray physics are described, with a special emphasis on the description of the used technology.
physics
9,933
Monitoring the Stability of the ALEPH Vertex Detector
physics.ins-det
The ALEPH Silicon Vertex Detector features an optical fibre laser system to monitor its mechanical stability. The operating principle and the general performance of the laser system are described. The experience obtained during 1997 and 1998 operations confirms the important role that such a system can have with respec...
physics
9,934
Extruded Plastic Scintillation Detectors
physics.ins-det
As a way to lower the cost of plastic scintillation detectors, commercially available polystyrene pellets have been used in the production of scintillating materials that can be extruded into different profiles. The selection of raw materials is discussed. Two techniques to add wavelength shifting dopants to polystyren...
physics
9,935
The X-ray CCD camera of the MAXI Experiment on the ISS/JEM
physics.ins-det
MAXI, Monitor of All-sky X-ray Image, is the X-ray observatory on the Japanese experimental module (JEM) Exposed Facility (EF) on the International Space Station (ISS). MAXI is a slit scanning camera which consists of two kinds of X-ray detectors: one is a one-dimensional position-sensitive proportional counter with a ...
physics
9,936
Physics of Particle Detection
physics.ins-det
In this review the basic interaction mechanisms of charged and neutral particles are presented. The ionization energy loss of charged particles is fundamental to most particle detectors and is therefore described in more detail. The production of electromagnetic radiation in various spectral ranges leads to the detecti...
physics
9,937
Quality control of GEM detectors using scintillation techniques
physics.ins-det
Non destructive quality control of microstructures at the manufacturing stage is an important issue in the foreseen use of huge numbers of such gaseous detectors in the future high luminosity colliders. In this work we report on the use of the scintillation light emitted by the avalanches in GEM channels for checking d...
physics
9,938
The solar neutrino project HELLAZ : status report on the hardware and the simulation
physics.ins-det
We report the status of the solar neutrino project called HELLAZ. In a high pressure and cooled TPC filled with helium, the detection of each ionisation electron of the track produced by the recoil electron from elastic scattering induced by solar neutrinos, will yield the low energy, high resolution solar neutrino spe...
physics
9,939
Design Patterns for Description-Driven Systems
physics.ins-det
In data modelling, product information has most often been handled separately from process information. The integration of product and process models in a unified data model could provide the means by which information could be shared across an enterprise throughout the system lifecycle from design through to productio...
physics
9,940
Rare-earth loaded liquid scintillator (for LENS experiment)
physics.ins-det
Rare-earth (Yb/Gd) complexes with neutral organophosphorus ligands are briefly discussed for their application in liquid scintillation technique. To evaluate the principle feasibility of a high rare-earth loaded scintillator, the ytterbium chloride complexes with tri-isoamylphosphine oxides were synthesized. Relative s...
physics
9,941
A measurement of the absolute neutron beam polarization produced by an optically-pumped 3He spin filter
physics.ins-det
The capability of performing accurate measurements of neutron beam polarization opens a number of exciting opportunities in fundamental neutron physics and in neutron scattering. At the LANSCE pulsed neutron source we have measured the neutron beam polarization with absolute accuracy of 0.3% in the neutron energy range...
physics
9,942
X-ray Measurement of the subpixel structure of the XMM EPIC MOS CCD
physics.ins-det
We report here the results of a mesh experiment to measure the subpixel structure of the EPIC MOS CCDs on board the XMM X-ray observatory. The pixel size is 40$\mu$m square while the mesh hole spacing is 48$\mu$m, a combination quite different from our standard mesh experiment. We have verified that this combination fu...
physics
9,943
A Compact 3H(p,gamma)4He 19.8-MeV Gamma-Ray Source for Energy Calibration at the Sudbury Neutrino Observatory
physics.ins-det
The Sudbury Neutrino Observatory (SNO) is a new 1000-tonne D2O Cerenkov solar neutrino detector. A high energy gamma-ray source is needed to calibrate SNO beyond the 8B solar neutrino endpoint of 15 MeV. This paper describes the design and construction of a source that generates 19.8-MeV gamma rays using the 3H(p,gamma...
physics
9,944
High Precision Ionization Chamber for Relative Intensity Monitoring of Synchrotron Radiation
physics.ins-det
A single channel, high precision ionization chamber has been built for monitoring the relative intensity of X-rays in the energy range above 5 keV. It can be used in experiments, such as EXAFS, where simultaneous high precision monitoring of the relative intensity during the actual experiment is required. In this paper...
physics
9,945
Test of CsI(Tl) crystals for the Dark Matter Search
physics.ins-det
Searches for weakly interacting massive particles(WIMP) can be based on the dete ction of nuclear recoil energy in CsI(Tl) crystals. We demonstrate that low energy gamma rays down to few keV is detected with CsI(Tl) crystal detector. A clear peak at 6 keV is observed using X-ray source. Good energy resolution and linea...
physics
9,946
A fast programmable trigger for isolated cluster counting in the BELLE experiment
physics.ins-det
We have developed a fast programmable trigger processor board based on a field programmable gate array and a complex programmable logic device for use in the BELLE experiment. The trigger board accommodates 144 ECL input signals, 2 NIM input signals, 24 ECL output signals, and the VME bus specification. An asynchronous...
physics
9,947
The preliminary results of fast neutron flux measurements in the DULB laboratory at Baksan
physics.ins-det
One of the main sources of a background in underground physics experiments (such as the investigation of solar neutrino flux, neutrino oscillations, neutrinoless double beta decay, and the search for annual and daily Cold Dark Matter particle flux modulation) are fast neutrons originating from the surrounding rocks. Th...
physics
9,948
Measurement of Carbon Disulfide Anion Diffusion in a TPC
physics.ins-det
A Negative Ion Time Projection Chamber was used to measure the field dependence of lateral and longitudinal diffusion for CS$_2$ anions drifting in mixtures of CS$_2$ and Ar at 40 Torr. Ion drift velocities and limits on the capture distance for electrons as a function of field and gas mixture are also reported.
physics
9,949
Tumour Therapy with Particle Beams
physics.ins-det
Photons are exponentially attenuated in matter producing high doses close to the surface. Therefore they are not well suited for the treatment of deep seated tumours. Charged particles, in contrast, exhibit a sharp increase of ionisation density close to the end of their range, the so-called Bragg-peak. The depth of th...
physics
9,950
The rf control and detection system for PACO the parametric converter detector
physics.ins-det
In this technical note the rf control and detection system for a detector of small harmonic displacements based on two coupled microwave cavities (PACO) is presented. The basic idea underlying this detector is the principle of parametric power conversion between two resonant modes of the system, stimulated by the (smal...
physics
9,951
Efficiency of neutron detection of superheated drops of Freon-22
physics.ins-det
Neutron detection efficiency of superheated drops of Freon22 for neutrons obtained from a 3Ci Am-Be neutron source has been reported in this paper. Neutron detection efficiency of both F-22 and F-12 have been determined from the measured nucleation rate using the volumetric method developed in our lab. The result shows...
physics
9,952
Study of nucleating efficiency of superheated droplets by neutrons
physics.ins-det
Superheated droplets are proven to be excelent detectors for neutrons and could be used as a neutron dosimeter. To detect accurately the volume of the vapour formed upon nucleation and hence to observe the nucleation quantitatively an air displacement system has been developed.
physics
9,953
Photon sensitivity of superheated drop at room temperature
physics.ins-det
It has been reported so far that superheated drop detector made of R-12 at room temperature are sensitive to neutrons yet insensitive to photons. This property makes its use as one of the most useful neutron dosimeter. The photon sensitivity of R12 at room temperature when exposed to 59.54kev photons obtained from radi...
physics
9,954
Superheated drop neutron spectrometer
physics.ins-det
Superheated drops are known to detect neutrons through the nucleation caused by the recoil nuclei produced by the interactions of neutrons with the atoms constituting the superheated liquid molecule. A novel method of finding the neutron energy from the temperature dependence response of SDD has been developed. From th...
physics
9,955
Lorentz angle measurements in irradiated silicon detectors between 77 K and 300 K
physics.ins-det
Future experiments are using silicon detectors in a high radiation environment and in high magnetic fields. The radiation tolerance of silicon improves by cooling it to temperatures below 180 K. At low temperatures the mobility increases, which leads to larger deflections of the charge carriers by the Lorentz force. A ...
physics
9,956
The BaBar Calorimeter Light Pulser System
physics.ins-det
To make precision measurements with a CsI(Tl) calorimeter in a high luminosity environment requires that the crystals are well calibrated and continually monitored for radiation damage. This should not effect the total integrated luminosity which is particularly important for the \babar calorimeter to enable it to make...
physics
9,957
Two large-area anode-pad MICROMEGAS chambers as the basic elements of a pre-shower detector
physics.ins-det
The design of a detector based on MICROMEGAS (MICRO MEsh GAseous Structure) technology is presented. Our detector is characterized by a large active area of 398(\times)281 mm(^{2}), a pad read-out with 20(\times)22 mm(^{2}) segmentation, and an uniform amplification gap obtained by insulating spacers (100 (\mu)m high a...
physics
9,958
Elliptical X-Ray Spot Measurement
physics.ins-det
The so-called roll bar measurement uses a heavy metal material, optically thick to x-rays, to form a shadow of the x-ray origination spot. This spot is where an energetic electron beam interacts with a high Z target. The material (the "roll bar") is slightly curved to avoid alignment problems. The roll bar is construct...
physics
9,959
Annealing of radiation induced defects in silicon in a simplified phenomenological model
physics.ins-det
The concentration of primary radiation induced defects has been previously estimated considering both the explicit mechanisms of the primary interaction between the incoming particle and the nuclei of the semiconductor lattice, and the recoil energy partition between ionisation and displacements, in the frame of the Li...
physics
9,960
Fast and Flexible CCD Driver System Using Fast DAC and FPGA
physics.ins-det
We have developed a completely new type of general-purpose CCD data acquisition system which enables one to drive any type of CCD using any type of clocking mode. A CCD driver system widely used before consisted of an analog multiplexer (MPX), a digital-to-analog converter (DAC), and an operational amplifier. A DAC is ...
physics
9,961
Direct measurement of sub-pixel structure of the EPIC MOS CCD on-board th e XMM/NEWTON satellite
physics.ins-det
We have used a mesh experiment in order to measure the sub-pixel structure of the EPIC MOS CCDs on-board the XMM/NEWTON satellite. The EPIC MOS CCDs have 40 $\mu$m-square pixels which have an open electrode structure in order to improve the detection efficiency for low-energy X-rays. We obtained restored pixel images f...
physics
9,962
Measurements of Spatial Resolution of ATLAS Pixel Detectors
physics.ins-det
Standard as well as irradiated silicon pixel detectors developed for the ATLAS experiment were tested in a beam. Digital and analog resolutions were determined comparing the positions measured by a microstrip telescope and by the pixel detector. Digital resolutions of 10 um and analog resolutions of 6 um (before irradi...
physics
9,963
A measurement of Lorentz Angle of radiation-hard Pixel Sensors
physics.ins-det
Silicon pixel detectors developed to meet LHC requirements were tested in a beam at CERN in the framework of the ATLAS collaboration. The experimental behaviour of irradiated and not-irradiated sensors in a magnetic field is discussed. The measurement of the Lorentz angle for these sensors at different operating condit...
physics
9,964
Superconducting Nb-film LC resonator
physics.ins-det
Sputtered Nb thin-film LC resonators for low frequencies at 0.5 MHz have been fabricated and tested in the temperature range 0.05--1 K in magnetic fields up to 30 mT. Their Q value increases towards decreasing temperature as sqrt(T) and reaches 10^3 at 0.05 K. As a function of magnetic field Q is unstable and displays ...
physics
9,965
A coupled microwave-cavity system in the Rydberg-atom cavity detector for dark matter axions
physics.ins-det
A coupled microwave-cavity system of cylindrical TM$_{010}$ single-mode has been developed to search for dark matter axions around 10 $\mu {\rm eV}$(2.4 GHz) with the Rydberg-atom cavity detector at 10 mK range temperature. One component of the coupled cavity (conversion cavity) made of oxygen-free high-conductivity co...
physics
9,966
Subpixel Spatial Resolution of the X-Ray Charge-Coupled Device Based on the Charge Cloud Shape
physics.ins-det
When an X-ray photon lands into a pixel (event pixel), the primary charge is mainly collected into the event pixel. If the X-ray landing position is sufficiently close to the pixel boundary, the primary charge spills over to the adjacent pixel forming split events. We can easily understand that there are three paramete...
physics
9,967
Discovery of a Planar Waveguide for an X-Ray Radiation
physics.ins-det
A simple model of X-Ray standing waves (XSW) formation in the slit of a planar waveguide of X-Ray radiation beam for the angle area restricted by the critical total reflection angle is developed. It is shown that the model is true for a case of the Bragg reflection. The conditions required for XSW to appear in the spac...
physics
9,968
Properties of Pt Schottky Type Contacts On High-Resistivity CdZnTe Detectors
physics.ins-det
In this paper we present studies of the I-V characteristics of CdZnTe detectors with Pt contacts fabricated from high-resistivity single crystals grown by the high-pressure Brigman process. We have analyzed the experimental I-V curves using a model that approximates the CZT detector as a system consisting of a reversed...
physics
9,969
An insulating grid spacer for large-area MICROMEGAS chambers
physics.ins-det
We present an original design for large area gaseous detectors based on the MICROMEGAS technology. This technology incorporates an insulating grid, sandwiched between the micro-mesh and the anode-pad plane, which provides an uniform 200 $\mu$m amplification gap. The uniformity of the amplification gap thickness has bee...
physics
9,970
High-resolution TOF with RPCs
physics.ins-det
In this work we describe some recent results concerning the application of Resistive Plate Chambers operated in avalanche mode at atmospheric pressure for high-resolution time-of-flight measurements. A combination of multiple, mechanically accurate, thin gas gaps and state-of-the-art electronics yielded an overall (det...
physics
9,971
High pressure operation of the triple-GEM detector in pure Ne, Ar and Xe
physics.ins-det
We study the performance of the triple-GEM (Gas Electron Multiplier) detector in pure noble gases Ne, Ar and Xe, at different pressures varying from 1 to 10 atm. In Ar and Xe, the maximum attainable gain of the detector abruptly drops down for pressures exceeding 3 atm. In contrast, the maximum gain in Ne was found to ...
physics
9,972
A Large Area Timing RPC
physics.ins-det
A large area Resistive Plate Chamber (RPC) with a total active surface of 160x10 cm2 was built and tested. The surface was segmented in two 5 cm wide strips readout on both ends with custom, very high frequency, front end electronics. A timing resolution between 50 and 75 ps sigma with an efficiency for Minimum Ioniz...
physics
9,973
The HERMES Dual-Radiator Ring Imaging Cerenkov Detector
physics.ins-det
The construction and use of a dual radiator Ring Imaging Cerenkov(RICH) detector is described. This instrument was developed for the HERMES experiment at DESY which emphasizes measurements of semi-inclusive deep-inelastic scattering. It provides particle identification for pions, kaons, and protons in the momentum rang...
physics
9,974
Measurement of low-energy antiproton detection efficiency in BESS below 1 GeV
physics.ins-det
An accelerator experiment was performed using a low-energy antiproton beam to measure antiproton detection efficiency of BESS, a balloon-borne spectrometer with a superconducting solenoid. Measured efficiencies showed good agreement with calculated ones derived from the BESS Monte Carlo simulation based on GEANT/GHEISH...
physics
9,975
Decoupled Moderators - Do we always need them? or: A New Approach for Pulse Shaping
physics.ins-det
At a spallation neutron source, the wavelength of a neutron is generally determined by its time-of-flight (TOF) from the source to the detector. The achievable precision is ultimately limited by the non-zero emission time-width of the source/moderator system. Particularly, coupled moderators that are used to produce hi...
physics
9,976
A data capture and production management tool for the assembly and construction of the CMS detectors
physics.ins-det
The CMS experiment will comprise several very large high resolution detectors for physics. Each detector may be constructed of well over a million parts and will be produced and assembled during the next decade by specialised centres distributed world-wide. Each constituent part of each detector must be accurately meas...
physics
9,977
A Component Based Approach to Scientific Workflow Management
physics.ins-det
CRISTAL is a distributed scientific workflow system used in the manufacturing and production phases of HEP experiment construction at CERN. The CRISTAL project has studied the use of a description driven approach, using meta- modelling techniques, to manage the evolving needs of a large physics community. Interest from...
physics
9,978
Object Serialization and Deserialization Using XML
physics.ins-det
Interoperability of potentially heterogeneous databases has been an ongoing research issue for a number of years in the database community. With the trend towards globalization of data location and data access and the consequent requirement for the coexistence of new data stores with legacy systems, the cooperation and...
physics
9,979
The Reification of Patterns in the Design of Description-Driven Systems
physics.ins-det
To address the issues of reusability and evolvability in designing self- describing systems, this paper proposes a pattern-based, object-oriented, description-driven system architecture. The proposed architecture embodies four pillars - first, the adoption of a multi-layered meta-modeling architecture and reflective me...
physics
9,980
Performance of a large limited streamer tube cell in drift mode
physics.ins-det
The performance of a large (3x3 $cm^2$) streamer tube cell in drift mode is shown. The detector space resolution has been studied using cosmic muons crossing an high precision silicon telescope. The experimental results are compared with a GARFIELD simulation.
physics
9,981
Fundamentals of Gas Micropattern Detectors
physics.ins-det
We performed a new series of systematic studies of gain and rate characteristics of several micropattern gaseous detectors. Extending earlier studies, these measurements were done at various pressures, gas mixtures, at a wide range of primary charges and also when the whole area of the detectors was irradiated with a h...
physics
9,982
Gain, Rate and Position Resolution Limits of Micropattern Gaseous Detectors
physics.ins-det
In this study we report the results of a systematic study of the gain, rate and the position resolution limits of various micropattern gaseous detectors. It was found that at low rates (<1 Hz/mm^2) each detector has it own gain limit, which depends on the size and design features, as well as on gas composition and pres...
physics
9,983
Detection of the primary scintillation light from dense Ar, Kr and Xe with novel photosensitive gaseous detectors
physics.ins-det
The detection of primary scintillation light in combination with the charge or secondary scintillation signals is an efficient technique to determine the events t=0 as well as particle / photon separation in large mass TPC detectors filled with noble gases and/or condensed noble gases. The aim of this work is to demons...
physics
9,984
Evaluation of various planar gaseous detectors with CsI photocathodes for the detection of primary scintillation light from noble gases
physics.ins-det
Noble gases and liquids are excellent scintillators and this opens a unique opportunity to directly detect the primary scintillation light produced in these media by photons or particles. This signal can be used for several purposes, for example as a start signal for TPCs or for particles identification. Usually photom...
physics
9,985
Sub-nanosecond, time-resolved, broadband infrared spectroscopy using synchrotron radiation
physics.ins-det
A facility for sub-nanosecond time-resolved (pump-probe) infrared spectroscopy has been developed at the National Synchrotron Light Source of Brookhaven National Laboratory. A mode-locked Ti:sapphire laser produces 2 ps duration, tunable near-IR pump pulses synchronized to probe pulses from a synchrotron storage ring. ...
physics
9,986
An All-Cryogenic THz Transmission Spectrometer
physics.ins-det
This paper describes a THz transmission spectrometer for the spectral range of 2-65 cm^-1 (100 GHz to 2 THz) with a spectral resolution of at least 1.8 cm^-1 (50 GHz) where the source, sample, and detector are all fully contained in a cryogenic environment. Cyclotron emission from a two-dimensional electron gas heated ...
physics
9,987
Performance of the triple-GEM detector with optimized 2-D readout in high intensity hadron beam
physics.ins-det
Multiple-GEM detectors are considered to be good candidates for tracking devices in experiments with high hadronic background. We present the results of the triple-GEM detectors beam test in a high intensity pion beam. The detectors had an optimized two-dimensional readout with minimized strip capacitance. Such optimiz...
physics
9,988
Development of a Detector Control System for the ATLAS Pixel Detector
physics.ins-det
The innermost part of the ATLAS experiment will be a pixel detector containing around 1750 individual detector modules. A detector control system (DCS) is required to handle thousands of I/O channels with varying characteristics. The main building blocks of the pixel DCS are the cooling system, the power supplies and t...
physics
9,989
Upgrade of the Photon Beamline Control System on the SRS
physics.ins-det
The SRS is a 2GeV synchrotron light source with 14 beamlines serving approximately 34 experimental stations. Control of the major elements of the beamlines (vacuum pumps, gauges, valves and radiation stops) is the responsibility of the main SRS Control System. As part of the long-term upgrade plan for the SRS Control S...
physics
9,990
Distributed Power Supply Control and Monitoring System
physics.ins-det
An extensible power supply control and monitoring system has been developed at Fermilab's Technical Division as a result of requirements to control and monior power supplies of various types from within many different applications. This system, deployed as a network service, provides uniform programming and user interf...
physics
9,991
Front End CAMAC Controller for SLAC Control System
physics.ins-det
Most of the devices in the SLAC control system are accessed via interface modules in ~450 CAMAC crates. Low-cost controllers in these crates communicate via a SLAC-proprietary bit-serial protocol with 77 satellite control computers ("micros") within the accelerator complex. A proposed upgrade replaces the existing Mult...
physics
9,992
Reimplementing the EPICS Static Database Access Library
physics.ins-det
The Static Database Access library was first introduced in EPICS (Experimental Physics and Industrial Control System) Release 3.11 in 1994. It provides an application program interface (API) for database configuration tools written in C to manipulate database record definitions and is used for various tasks within the ...
physics
9,993
EPICS: A Retrospective on Porting iocCore to Multiple Operating Systems
physics.ins-det
An important component of EPICS (Experimental Physics and Industrial Control System) is iocCore, which is the core software in the IOC (input/output controller) front-end processors. At ICALEPCS 1999 a paper was presented describing plans to port iocCore to multiple operating systems. At that time iocCore only supporte...
physics
9,994
The Advanced Photon Source Injector Test Stand Control System
physics.ins-det
The Advanced Photon Source (APS) primary and backup injectors consist of two thermionic-cathode rf guns. These guns are being upgraded to provide improved performance, to improve ease of maintenance, and to reduce downtime required for repair or replacement of a failed injector. As part of the process, an injector test...
physics
9,995
Integrating Externally Developed Systems For SNS Linac Cooling And Vacuum
physics.ins-det
External contractors are developing the local cooling and vacuum control systems for the Spallation Neutron Source (SNS) linac. Soon these systems will be integrated into the facility-wide controls system. Allen-Bradley Logix5000 series programmable controllers, populated with appropriate input/output modules, were sel...
physics
9,996
The NIF Integrated Timing System - Design and Performance
physics.ins-det
The National Ignition Facility (NIF) will contain the world's most powerful laser. NIF requires more than 1500 precisely timed trigger pulses to control the timing of laser and diagnostic equipment. The Integrated Timing System applies new concepts to generate and deliver triggers at preprogrammed times to equipment th...
physics
9,997
Readout and Control of a Power-recycled Interferometric Gravitational-wave Antenna
physics.ins-det
Interferometric gravitational wave antennas are based on Michelson interferometers whose sensitivity to small differential length changes has been enhanced by adding multiple coupled optical resonators. The use of optical cavities is essential for reaching the required sensitivity, but sets challenges for the control s...
physics
9,998
Beam Diagnostics Systems For The National Ignition Facility
physics.ins-det
The National Ignition Facility laser focuses 1.8 Mega-joules of ultraviolet light (wavelength 351 nano-meters) from 192 beams into a 600-micro-meter-diameter volume. Effective use of this output in target experiments requires that the power output from all the beams match within 8% over their entire 20-nanosecond wavef...
physics
9,999
Implementation of JFPC (Java for Process Control) under Linux - a mechanism to access industrial I/Os in a JAVA/Linux environment
physics.ins-det
Using JAVA for process control requires the access to I/O-Hardware. This problem is addressed in several ongoing standardisation efforts for Real Time Java. A spin-off of these standardisation efforts is the Siemens product JFPC (Java for Process Control), which is based on the ideas of OPC (OLE for Process Control). I...
physics