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[ "differences in life span between males and females are commonly observed across many species . for example , where the heterogametic sex ( xy sex chromosomes ) is male , as in humans and drosophila , females tend to live longer than males . similarly , in caenorhabditis elegans , where the hermaphrodite has two x ...
several possible and potentially overlapping genetic mechanisms have been suggested to explain differences in life span between males and females . two recent papers in bmc evolutionary biology on the effects of inbreeding provide additional insight into the genetic architecture underlying life span differences between...
[ "sepsis can be difficult to distinguish from non - infectious conditions in critically ill or comatose patients in the early stages ; and diagnosis , treatment and outcomes greatly differ between patients with and without sepsis . positive bacteriological cultures , including blood cultures , may not be available b...
sepsis can sometimes be difficult to substantiate , and its distinction from non - infectious conditions in critically ill patients is often a challenge . serum procalcitonin ( pct ) assay is one of the biomarkers of sepsis . the present study was aimed to assess the usefulness of pct assay in critically ill patients w...
[ "we used monthly reports of slide - confirmed malaria and annual census based population data from 434 counties ( municpios ) in the brazilian amazon region for 19961999 , during which no coordinated national malaria interventions occurred ( 12 ) . to study the relationship of reported malaria cases to climate , w...
climate changes are altering patterns of temperature and precipitation , potentially affecting regions of malaria transmission . we show that areas of the amazon basin with few wetlands show a variable relationship between precipitation and malaria , while areas with extensive wetlands show a negative relationship with...
[ "the clavicle is a rare site for bone tumours . according to the world health organisation , the giant cell tumor is an aggressive potentially malignant lesion which means that its evolution based on histological features is unpredictable . sites commonly affected by giant cell tumour are proximal tibia , distal fe...
highlightsgiant cell tumour of clavicle is a rare entity.the differntial diagnosis of giant cell tumour of clavicle which pose a diagnostic challenege gor both surgeon and histopathologist are aneurysmal bone cyst , non ossifying fibroma , tubercular osteomyelitis and eosniophilic granuloma.claviculecomy is a good opti...
[ "pathological gambling is defined in the current classification system of the world health organization ( 1992 ) ( icd10 ) as an impulse control disorder ( icd ) which causes excessive , uncontrollable gambling despite financial losses and social problems , while the latest version of the diagnostic and statistical...
abstractthe incidence of pathological gambling in parkinson 's patients is significantly greater than in the general population . a correlation has been observed between dopamine agonist medication and the development of pathological gambling . however , scientists conjecture that the affected patients have underlying ...
[ "suicide is one of the leading causes of death throughout the world ; it ranks among the top 10 causes of death for individuals of all ages and is the leading cause of death in males under 35 years old.1,2 a decrease in the concentrations of serotonin metabolites ( in particular the serotonin 5-hydroxyindoleacetic ...
backgroundthe aim of this case control study was to explore the association by gender between the htr2c gene variants and suicidal behavior in a mexican population.subjects and methodsa total of 183 suicide attempters and 208 healthy volunteers were included in this study . we genotyped five polymorphisms of htr2c ( r...
[ "in the right amounts , boron is an essential nutrient for animals , plants , and fungi [ 13 ] . however , at high concentrations boric acid ( ba ) becomes an effective poison that is widely used for the killing of diverse organisms ranging from bacteria to rodents . in medicine while the molecular details of ba ac...
boric acid ( ba ) has broad antimicrobial activity that makes it a popular treatment for yeast vaginitis in complementary and alternative medicine . in the model yeast s. cerevisiae , ba disturbs the cytoskeleton at the bud neck and impairs the assembly of the septation apparatus . ba treatment causes cells to form irr...
[ "the pylorus , duodenal c - loop , and ileocecal valve are the three physiological narrowings in the gastrointestinal tract , and most of the swallowed indigestible foreign bodies pass through it without complications . however , foreign bodies such as a toothbrush can not pass out of the stomach , and the gastroin...
most of the ingested foreign bodies pass uneventfully through the gastrointestinal tract . however , long and rigid foreign bodies are associated with an increased risk of gastrointestinal impaction , perforation , and bleeding . spontaneous passage of a toothbrush has not been reported till date and the technique of i...
[ "in a contemporary health - care environment characterized by rapidly changing developments and relentlessly increasing knowledge , professional nurses need to develop critical thinking ( ct ) skills that will provide them with expertise in flexible , individualized , situation - specific problem - solving . ct has...
introduction : concept map is a useful cognitive tool for enhancing a student 's critical thinking ( ct ) by encouraging students to process information deeply for understanding . however , the evidence regarding its effectiveness on nursing students ct is contradictory . this paper compares the effectiveness of concep...
[ "these include the \n intrinsic flexor pollicis brevis , flexor pollicis longus , lumbricalis , flexor brevis , and \n flexor longus muscles1 . toe - gripping \n strength is measured in the sitting position with the trunk vertical , the hip and knee \n joints at 90 , and the ankle joint in the neutral position1,2,3...
[ purpose ] in the present study , we investigated femoral muscle activity during toe - gripping , and the role of the femoral muscles in toe - gripping strength . [ subjects ] fourteen healthy young women were selected . [ methods ] we measured the maximum voluntary contraction of the rectus femoris and long hea...
[ "the majority of our likes and dislikes we acquire throughout the lifespan are the product of learning . one of the most important ways through which stimuli acquire affective meaning is the change of valence that results from pairing one stimulus ( cs ) with a positive or negative affective stimulus ( ucs ) . as a...
we present results of a study investigating evaluative learning in dementia patients with a classic evaluative conditioning paradigm . picture pairs of three unfamiliar faces with liked , disliked , or neutral faces , that were rated prior to the presentation , were presented 10 times each to a group of dementia patien...
[ "para - aortic and pelvic lymphadenectomy is often performed in the treatment of ovarian or testicular cancer . internal herniation of a small bowel behind the external iliac artery after lymphadenectomy is a very rare complication to this procedure and to our knowledge only reported twice in the literature . in th...
introductioninternal herniation of a small bowel behind pelvic vessels is a rare complication seen after pelvic lymphadenectomy.presentation of casea 56-year - old woman was operated due to a gynecological cancer . 4 years thereafter she presented with a 2 days history of abdominal pain and vomiting . clinical and radi...
[ "tumor - associated cell cycle defects , manifesting in unscheduled proliferation , and the associated genomic and chromosomal instabilities are mediated by misregulation of cyclin - dependent kinases ( cdks ) . because of the main role in the division cycle , cdks have been recognized as targets for anticancer the...
six organometallic complexes of the general formula [ miicl(6-p - cymene)(l)]cl , where m = ru ( 11a , 12a , 13a ) or os ( 11b , 12b , 13b ) and l = 3-(1h - benzimidazol-2-yl)-1h - pyrazolo[3,4-b]pyridines ( l1l3 ) have been synthesized . the latter are known as potential cyclin - dependent kinase ( cdk ) inhibitors . ...
[ "fibro - osseous lesions of the jaws represent a diverse group of entities which include developmental ( hamartomatous ) lesions , reactive or dysplastic processes and neoplasms . benign fibro - osseous lesions of the head and neck region are uncommon and represent a wide range of tumors sharing some histopathologi...
juvenile ossifying fibroma ( jof ) is an uncommon , benign , bone - forming neoplasm with an aggressive local growth that is distinguished from other fibro - osseous lesions primarily by its age of onset , clinical presentation and aggressive behaviour . jof is considered as a variant of the ossifying fibroma ( of ) an...
[ "endoscopic methods are among the most important and frequently employed means of treating pancreatic pseudocysts . when possible an endoscopic approach should generally be attempted in all patients with pseudocysts , and for pancreatic fluid collections endoscopic transmural drainage is the treatment of choice . i...
endoscopic drainage is a widely used treatment for pancreatic pseudocysts . drainage - related complications may be related directly to the procedure or may occur later as stents migrate or erode into adjacent structures . migration of a self - expanding metal stent into peritoneal cavity and incorporation in the oment...
[ "adenomyoepithelioma has been described as a rare benign neoplasm that occurs almost exclusively in the breast . in the breast it is defined as a neoplasm composed of two structures , namely , tubules limited by an inner epithelial layer of duct - like cells and an outer layer with mostly clear myoepithelial cells ...
analogous to adenomyoepitheliomas of the breast , cutaneous adenomyoepithelioma is composed of two components , one being myoepithelial , the other ductal epithelial , and it lies in the spectrum of neoplasms having a pure myoepithelioma at one end and a mixed apocrine tumor at the other . we present the case of a 53...
[ "although the human genome sequence was released a decade ago , the role of functional noncoding rnas ( ncrnas ) is much less understood compared with their coding counterparts . several previous studies have demonstrated that the human genome is pervasively transcribed ( 14 ) , but thoroughly cataloging all the rn...
thousands of novel transcripts have been identified using deep transcriptome sequencing . this discovery of large and hidden transcriptome rejuvenates the demand for methods that can rapidly distinguish between coding and noncoding rna . here , we present a novel alignment - free method , coding potential assessment t...
[ "beyond its role of cellular energy currency and phosphate donor , atp plays a potent signaling role through its extracellular release and activation of cell surface purinergic receptors . fast responses to atp are mediated through activation of p2x receptors , a family ( p2x1p2x7 ) of atp - activated ligand - gate...
release and reception of extracellular atp by leukocytes plays a critical role in immune responses to infection , injury and cardiovascular disease . leukocytes of both the innate , adaptive immune and central nervous system express a repertoire of cell surface receptors for atp ( p2x and p2y receptors ) and its metabo...
[ "paraoxonases were originally discovered as enzymes hydrolyzing exogenous toxic organophosphate compounds such as insecticide paraoxon . there are three members of paraoxonases family currently known : paraoxonase 1 ( pon1 ) , paraoxonase 2 ( pon2 ) , and paraoxonase 3 ( pon3 ) , which are encoded by three separate...
paraoxonase 1 ( pon1 ) is a hydrolytic enzyme with wide range of substrates , and capability to protect against lipid oxidation . despite of the large number of compounds that can be hydrolyzed by paraoxonase , the biologically relevant substrates are still not clearly determined . there is a massive in vitro and in vi...
[ "uterine adenomyosis is a common gynecologic disorder characterized by the presence and growth of heterotopic endometrial or endometrium - like structures in the myometrium , with adjacent smooth muscle hyperplasia and can lead to dysmenorrhea and infertility . the ectopic endometrial tissue induces hypertrophy and...
adenomyosis is a common gynecological disorder characterized by the presence of endometrial glands and stroma deep within the myometrium associated with myometrial hypertrophy and hyperplasia . focal uterine infarction after ivf - et in a patient with adenomyosis following biochemical pregnancy has not been previously ...
[ "to optimize the benefits of minimally invasive procedures , surgeons have attempted to reduce the overall abdominal wall trauma by decreasing either the size of the ports or the number of trocars . in these efforts , transumbilical single - port surgery uses an umbilical single incision technique to access the per...
objectives . to present our initial experiences with laparoscopically assisted vaginal hysterectomy performed using homemade transumbilical single - port system . materials and methods . we reviewed the medical records of one hundred patients who underwent single - port access laparoscopically assisted vaginal hyster...
[ "drug eruptions are common , affecting 23% of all hospitalized patients , and complications associated with medications make up the largest proportion of adverse events seen in hospitals . drug eruptions can be difficult to diagnose , particularly causality , as even biopsies are nonspecific and patients are often ...
cutaneous drug reactions make up the largest proportion of adverse events in the medical field . causality , in particular , is difficult to determine , and therefore , preventing recurrent reactions can be challenging . bendamustine was initially thought to be a well - tolerated chemotherapy agent with few side effect...
[ "although indomethacin is usually well tolerated , some patients developed gastrointestinal side effects , specially those patients who require long term therapy . therefore , the use of cyclo - oxygenase-2 specific inhibitors could reduce secondary effects and they are essentially equipotent to indomethacin in vit...
paroxysmal hemicrania and hemicrania continua are both indomethacin - responsive headaches . although indomethacin use to be well tolerated , some patients developed gastrointestinal side effects . we report four cases of hemicrania continua and a patient suffering chronic paroxysmal hemicrania completely responsive to...
[ "according to early treatment of diabetic retinopathy study ( etdrs ) , protocol panretinal photocoagulation ( prp ) can prevent severe visual loss in proliferative diabetic retinopathy ( pdr ) . several studies have shown histopathologic changes in choroid of diabetic patients [ 24 ] . meanwhile , using panretinal...
purpose . to compare subfoveal choroidal , central retinal , and peripapillary nerve fiber layer ( rnfl ) thickness after panretinal photocoagulation ( prp ) with red and green laser in diabetic patients . study design . randomized clinical trial . methods . a total of 50 patients with bilateral proliferative diabeti...
[ "the prognosis for patients with non - small cell lung cancer ( nsclc ) deteriorates with advancing disease stage , and only about 1% of patients with metastatic nsclc are alive after 5 years.1 the most appropriate treatment for these patients is palliative , systemic , platinum - based chemotherapy in first line.2...
backgroundplatinum - doublet , first - line treatment of locally advanced or metastatic non - small cell lung cancer ( nsclc ) is limited to 46 cycles . an alternative strategy used to prolong the duration of first - line treatment and extend survival in metastatic nsclc is first - line maintenance therapy . erlotinib ...
[ "spinal anaesthesia has been widely used for caesarean section ( cs ) deliveries because of greater maternal safety , foetal benefits , higher parental satisfaction , and consumer demand . however , to address the problem of limited duration of action and to improve the quality of analgesia , various adjuvants are ...
background and aims : mixing adjuvants with hyperbaric bupivacaine in a single syringe before injecting the drugs intrathecally is an age old practice . in doing so , the density of the hyperbaric solution and also of the adjuvant drugs may be altered , thus affecting the spread of drugs . administering local anaesthet...
[ "in 2014 , there will be 63,920 new cases of kidney and renal pelvis cancer diagnoses resulting in approximately 13,860 deaths . renal cell carcinoma ( rcc ) is one of the most lethal genitourinary cancers and comprises 85% of these new diagnoses . the incidence of rcc has steadily increased over the past few decad...
objective . to report the perioperative outcomes of patients treated with partial nephrectomy by a single surgeon using three surgical modalities open , laparoscopic , and robotic . methods . between august 2006 and february 2012 , 106 consecutive patients underwent open partial nephrectomy ( opn ) ( n = 23 ) , lapa...
[ "job syndrome is one of the hyper immunoglobulin e ( ige ) syndrome ( hies ) conditions characterized by signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 ( stat3 ) signaling mutations . patients with job syndrome have characteristic clinical features in association with mutations in stat3 signaling . these includ...
patients with autosomal - dominant ( ad ) hyper immunoglobulin e ( ige ) syndrome ( hies ) or job syndrome develop frequent dermatologic and pulmonary infections . as patients have an extreme elevation of ige levels , this database analysis study sought to study the association between ad hies , job syndrome , and anap...
[ "\n leishmania parasites are heteroxenous kinetoplastid protozoan organisms , which undergo complete differentiation upon a cycle of proliferation / differentiation in the midgut of phlebotomine sand flies followed by the transmission of infective metacyclic promastigotes [ 1 , 2 ] to mammalian hosts during the ins...
leishmania amazonensis parasites cause progressive disease in most inbred mouse strains and are associated with the development of diffuse cutaneous leishmaniasis in humans . the poor activation of an effective cellular response is correlated with the ability of these parasites to infect mononuclear phagocytic cells ...
[ "despite of presentation of medical ethics as a new science in academic teaching , the ethical concepts have been alongside the medicine , and its antiquity back to the medicine history . for instance , literatures such as hippocratic oath letter , liturgy of ibn maymun , and shirazi ethics ordinance are the old li...
patients rights observance is one of the effective measures of patients satisfaction of health care services . we performed this study at the aim of evaluation of nurses awareness of patients rights in a teaching hospital in tehran.this cross - sectional study was conducted in 2010 . in this study 156 nurses were rando...
[ "all subjects were consecutively recruited from the greater philadelphia area from 20062009 at the children 's hospital of philadelphia . our study cohort consisted of 5,465 singleton children of european ancestry with recorded birth weight information . all of these participants had their blood drawn in an 8-ml et...
objectivea number of studies have found that reduced birth weight is associated with type 2 diabetes later in life ; however , the underlying mechanism for this correlation remains unresolved . recently , association has been demonstrated between low birth weight and single nucleotide polymorphisms ( snps ) at the cdka...
[ "the most often reported reasons have been dehydration of dentin , removal of tooth structure during root canal treatment , prolonged use of high concentrations of irrigation solutions , and excessive pressure during obturation . in the literature there are several studies in which the fracture resistance of endodo...
objective : the aim of this study was to determine how physical and morphological properties affect the fracture resistance of roots , and which criteria are important for root specimen standardization in fracture resistance studies.materials and methods : seventy - five freshly extracted human canine teeth were select...
[ "intensive insulin therapy using basal - bolus insulin regimen is the standard therapy for patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus . by mimicking the endogenous insulin secretion profile in healthy subjects , it has been shown to improve glycemic control and reduce the risk of long - term complications compared with...
the aim of this study was to investigate the efficacy of insulin degludec used for basal - bolus insulin regimen after switching from twice - daily basal insulin in japanese patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus . the subjects were 22 type 1 diabetes patients treated with basal - bolus insulin regimen with twice - dai...
[ "a 33 year old healthy male of afro - caribbean origin presented to the emergency department with acute generalised abdominal pain of three hours duration . he had not noticed any recent change in bowel habit , bleeding per rectum or any systemic symptoms . it was of note that there was no family history of inflamm...
desmoid tumours are benign tumours originating from the musculoaponeurotic structures of the body . they are mainly composed of collagen . these tumours commonly occur in post - partum women in whom they originate from the rectus abominus and in old surgical incisions . here we present a case report of a young gentlema...
[ "between april 1999 and march 2001 , 32 ( 26 men and 6 women ; age range , 7 - 62 years ; mean age , 43 years ) of 195 patients who had undergone ldlt underwent 42 sessions of conventional arteriography in search of bleeding foci of arterial origin within 6 months of the operation . arterial bleeding was suspected ...
objectiveto analyze the causes of arterial bleeding after living donor liver transplantation ( ldlt ) and to evaluate the efficacy of transcatheter arterial embolization ( tae).materials and methodsforty - two sessions of conventional arteriography were performed in 32 of the 195 patients who underwent ldlt during the ...
[ "fibrodysplasia ossificans progressiva ( fop ) is a rare genetic disoder characterized by bone formation within muscles tendons and ligaments . we hereby report a case of fop in a four year male child from a tribal family in orissa .", "4 yr old male child presented with gradual development of stiffness of neck a...
introduction : fibrodysplasia ossificans progressiva ( fop ) is a rare genetic disoder characterized by bone formation within muscles tendons and ligaments . it has an incidence of one in two million . we hereby report a case of fop in a four year male child from a tribal family in orissa.case report:4 yr old male chil...
[ "delivery of exogenous nucleic acids such as dna into cells ( transfection ) holds great promise for disease prevention and therapy ( aka : gene therapy).(1 ) genetic material delivered into the cell modifies the function of such cells generally by altering the production of proteins . the selection of appropriate ...
a new class of water - soluble c60 transfecting agents has been prepared using hirschbingel chemistry and assessed for their ability to act as gene - delivery vectors in vitro . in an effort to elucidate the relationship between the hydrophobicity of the fullerene core , the hydrophilicity of the water - solubilizing g...
[ "previously we reported that deletion of neutral endopeptidase ( nep ) provides protection from obesity- and diabetes - induced neural complications . we have also shown that treating obese and streptozotocin - diabetic mice with the vasopeptidase inhibitor ilepatril prevented neural complications including slowing...
we have demonstrated that treating diet - induced obese ( dio ) mice with the vasopeptidase inhibitor ilepatril improved neural function . vasopeptidase inhibitors block angiotensin - converting enzyme ( ace ) and neutral endopeptidase ( nep ) activity . we propose that increased activity of ace and nep contributes to ...
[ "tetracyclines bind to the a - site on the bacterial ribosome , resulting in steric blocking of the aminoacyl - trna binding site , which prevents protein synthesis . they are effective against both gram - positive and gram - negative bacteria and , due to the relative lack of major side effects and cheap cost , ha...
first reported in 2003 , mosaic tetracycline resistance genes are a subgroup of the genes encoding ribosomal protection proteins ( rpps ) . they are formed when two or more rpp - encoding genes recombine resulting in a functional chimera . to date , the majority of mosaic genes are derived from sections of three rpp ge...
[ "follicular thyroid cancer ( ftc ) metastasizes most commonly to the lungs and non - cranial bones . skull and skin are uncommon sites and usually manifest well after the diagnosis of primary malignancy . metastasis to skull and skin as the presenting feature of ftc is infrequently reported in the literature .", ...
backgroundfollicular thyroid cancer ( ftc ) metastasizes most commonly to the lungs and non - cranial bones . skull and skin are uncommon sites and usually manifest well after the diagnosis of primary malignancy . metastasis to skull and skin as the presenting feature of ftc is infrequently reported in the literature.c...
[ "although water - bath polymerization is extensively used to process polymethylmethacrylate ( pmma ) , new resins and processing methods are often proposed to obtain better physical and esthetic properties and simplify the technique1,6,8,11,14 . one of the advantages of microwave and visible light polymerization me...
although visible light - polymerized acrylic resins have been used in removable partial dentures , it is not clear whether the presence of a metal framework could interfere with their polymerization , by possibly reflecting the light and affecting important properties , such as roughness and hardness , which would cons...
[ "there is limited data upon skin cancer screening program in western asia region and especially iran . the two most common variants are basal cell carcinoma ( bcc ) and squamous cell carcinoma ( scc ) ; regardless of their low mortality rates , these tumors can provoke severe consequence as a result of their treatm...
background : early detection of skin cancers by screening could be very beneficial to decrease their morbidity or mortality . there is limited study about skin cancer screening in iran.aim:this essay was planned as a pilot skin cancer screening campaign in tehran , iran to evaluate its profit and failure and further de...
[ "early failure of fistulas due to thrombosis or inadequate maturation is a barrier to increasing the prevalence of fistulas . despite the benefits of avfs as a form of vascular access in end stage renal disease ( esrd ) patients , considerable time is required for the fistula to mature and suitably develop into a f...
vascular access is used as a lifeline for hemodialysis in patients with end stage renal disease failure ( esrd ) . failure of arteriovenous fistula ( avf ) maturation is still high . the purpose of this study was to research the effects of clopidogrel in combination with oral iloprost , a synthetic analog of prostacycl...
[ "tension - free vaginal tape ( tvt ) is now the treatment of choice for female stress urinary incontinence because of its ease of use , minimal invasiveness , and high success rate . mesh in the bladder or urethra following midurethral sling has been reported to occur in somewhere between less than 1% to 6% of pati...
purposeto present outcomes of transurethral removal ( tur ) of intravesical or intraurethral mesh after midurethral slings.materials and methodsthis was a retrospective chart review of 23 consecutive women : 20 with intravesical mesh and 3 with intraurethral mesh.resultsto remove the mesh , transurethral resection with...
[ "generalized anxiety disorder ( gad ) is a chronic disorder mainly characterized by pathological worry . gad also presents with a variety of somatic and psychological symptoms such as restlessness , muscle tension , sleep disturbance , irritability , difficulty concentrating , and fatigue . gad is one of the most p...
objective : to elucidate the consequences of broadening dsm - iv criteria for generalized anxiety disorder ( gad ) , we examined prospectively the evolution of gad symptoms in two groups of patients ; one group diagnosed according to dsm - iv criteria and the other , according to broader criteria.method:multicentre , p...
[ "renal clear cell carcinomas represent about 3% of all visceral cancers and account for 85% of renal cancers in adults . the tumours occur most often in older individuals , usually in the sixth and seventh decades of life , and are often diagnosed at incurable stages . in western countries the frequency of renal ca...
renal clear cell carcinomas represent about 3% of all visceral cancers and account for approximately 85% of renal cancers in adults . environmental and genetic factors are involved in the development of renal cancer . although to date there are 19 hereditary syndromes described in which renal cell cancer may occur , on...
[ "intracranial hypotension syndrome ( ihs ) is characterized by a postural headache that is aggravated in the erect or sitting position and relieved in the supine position . it is often associated with one or more of the following symptoms : nausea , vomiting , dizziness , diplopia , photophobia , hearing impairment...
intracranial hypotension syndrome typically occurs spontaneously or iatrogenically . it can be associated with headache , drowsy mentality and intracranial heamorrhage . iatrogenic intracranial hypotension can occur due to dural pucture , trauma and spine surgery . treatment may include conservative therapy and operati...
[ "pituitary insufficiency in childhood is often secondary to pituitary or hypothalamic \n space - occupying lesions . the differential diagnosis in etiologies of a mass in the sella is \n broad in spectrum , including rathke s cyst , tumor , autoimmune diseases , primary or \n metastatic neoplasms , and granulomatou...
we report the cases of two japanese children with cystic pituitary enlargement on magnetic resonance imaging ( mri ) causing central diabetes insipidus ( di ) . in the first patient , endocrinological examination demonstrated slightly impaired growth hormone and thyroid stimulating hormone secretions , but norm...
[ "a 52-year - old female patient visited the hospital complaining of pain in both breasts . the pain started immediately after breast reduction surgery she underwent 3 years previously at a private plastic surgery hospital , and it had continued despite a subsequent surgery . the pattern of the pain included burning...
breast surgery is a common procedure performed in women . many women who undergo breast surgery suffer from ill - defined pain syndromes . a nerve block is used in the treatment of the acute and chronic pain , but the effectiveness of the treatment has been limited because of its short duration . recently , the advent ...
[ "the generation of expressed sequence tags ( ests ) was originally proposed as a strategy for cdna characterization over a decade ago ( 1 ) . subsequent improvements in sequencing methods and dramatically reduced unit costs have increased the attractiveness of the est - based research , such that it is now one of t...
orfpredictor is a web server designed for identifying protein - coding regions in expressed sequence tag ( est)-derived sequences . for query sequences with a hit in blastx , the program predicts the coding regions based on the translation reading frames identified in blastx alignments , otherwise , it predicts the mos...
[ "nature evolved a very limited number of chromophores in the different evolutionary branches of the tree of life because of the similar needs of the most diverse organisms for both the detection of the external world and the interaction with it . the study of these chromophores and their distribution inside cellula...
a microspectrophotometer is a digital microscope used to measure absorption and fluorescence spectra . in this paper we describe a polychromator - based microspectrophotometer that performs in vivo absorption or emission measurements at the same time on different subcellular compartments such as photoreceptive and phot...
[ "the rostral ventromedial medulla ( rvm ) is an important relay region that contributes to the descending pain control pathway from the periaqueductal gray ( pag ) to the superficial laminae ( laminae i and ii ) of the spinal cord [ 1 , 2 ] . it is well known that the rvm is closely linked to long - lasting activat...
the mammalian target of rapamycin ( mtor ) , a serine - threonine protein kinase , integrates extracellular signals , thereby modulating several physiological and pathological processes , including pain . previous studies have suggested that rapamycin ( an mtor inhibitor ) can attenuate nociceptive behaviors in many pa...
[ "how should the stable patient with penetrating abdominal or lower chest wall trauma be evaluated ? traditional diagnostic methods and liberal indications for surgery have resulted in negative laparotomy rates ranging from 12 - 40% . while negative laparotomy was previously accepted as the inevitable and innocuous ...
background : how should the stable patient with penetrating abdominal or lower chest trauma be evaluated ? evolving trends have recently included the use of diagnostic laparoscopy . in september 1995 we instituted a protocol of diagnostic laparoscopy to identify those patients who could safely avoid surgical interventi...
[ "selenium ( se ) has been recognized as an essential nutrient for plant , animal , and human body , but at high concentration it can become toxic . the range between the concentration in which selenium is essential and toxic is very narrow [ 1 , 2 ] . this element plays an important role in elderly people as well a...
a simple , rapid , and sensitive spectrophotometric method for the determination of trace amounts of selenium ( iv ) was described . in this method , all selenium spices reduced to selenium ( iv ) using 6 m hcl . cloud point extraction was applied as a preconcentration method for spectrophotometric determination of s...
[ "data on individuals aged 029 years diagnosed with any type of diabetes ( excluding gestational ) from 1 january 1991 to 31 december 2006 were extracted from clinical notes by a dedicated register manager and entered onto the population - based yorkshire register of diabetes in children and young people for residen...
objectiveto investigate incidence trends of all diabetes types in all children and young people and in the south asian subpopulation.research design and methodsannual incidence per 100,000 and time trends ( 19912006 ) were analyzed for 2,889 individuals aged 029 years diagnosed with diabetes while resident in west york...
[ "familial adenomatous polyposis ( fap ) is a rare cause of colorectal cancer and is caused by a wide spectrum of mutations in the apc gene.1 \n 2 fap usually presents with a 100 to 1,000 of precancerous colonic polyps . without colectomy , while pathogenic apc mutations have a complete penetrance in the colon , thi...
gardner fibromas ( gfs ) have only recently been described as poorly circumscribed tumor - like lesions , which are exceedingly rare in children . gfs are associated with apc gene mutations and therefore with familial adenomatous polyposis ( fap ) . so far there is only very limited literature on gf in the neonatal per...
[ "down 's syndrome ( ds ) is one of the common chromosomal disorders and the most common cause of mental retardation . it is well - known that patients with ds have an increased prevalence of autoimmune disorders affecting both endocrine and non - endocrine organs . although cases of ds associated with diabetes mell...
down 's syndrome ( ds ) is known to be associated with autoimmune disease including type 1 diabetes . to the best of our knowledge , there are no reports of ds with type 2 diabetes mellitus in the literature . we hereby report two cases of ds with type 2 diabetes .
[ "recent progress in our understanding of brain development has significantly altered concepts for treating neurodegenerative diseases , including those that affect the retina to cause blindness . contrary to previous thought , it is now recognized that neurons are generated in the sub ventricular zone ( svz ) of th...
mller glia ( mg ) are the primary support cells in the vertebrate retina , regulating homeostasis in one of the most metabolically active tissues . in lower vertebrates such as fish , they respond to injury by proliferating and reprogramming to regenerate retinal neurons . in mammals , mg may also react to injury by pr...
[ "the field of utility organometallics is increasingly turning to more complex mixed - metal systems to deliver superior results , whether this be for metal halogen exchange , alkylation , insertion , or the trapping of reactive intermediates . in theory , mixed - metal reagents can offer more flexible , tunable so...
the surprising transformation of the saturated diamine ( ipr)nhch2ch2nh(ipr ) to the unsaturated diazaethene [ ( ipr)nch = chn(ipr)]2- via the synergic mixture nbum , ( tbu)2zn and tmeda ( where m = li , na ; tmeda = n , n , n,n-tetramethylethylenediamine ) has been investigated by multinuclear nmr spectroscopic studie...
[ "we reviewed the literature for reports of e. sakazakii disease in infants . using medical subject heading terms \" e. sakazakii \" or \" enterobacter \" in combination with \" newborn , \" \" infant , \" or \" meningitis , finally , we reviewed e. sakazakii case consultations conducted by the centers for disease c...
enterobacter sakazakii kills 40%80% of infected infants and has been associated with powdered formula . we analyzed 46 cases of invasive infant e. sakazakii infection to define risk factors and guide prevention and treatment . twelve infants had bacteremia , 33 had meningitis , and 1 had a urinary tract infection . com...
[ "sterilization in orthodontics has repeatedly been discussed and emphasized in the dental literature.[16 ] the orthodontic personnel are at a great risk of various contagious diseases and hepatitis b , acquired immuno deficiency syndrome ( aids ) and herpes infections are some of the serious conditions encountered ...
background : sterilization techniques could affect the characteristics of orthodontic wires . the aim of the present study was to evaluate the effect of steam and dry heat sterilization techniques on load - deflection behavior of five types of -titanium alloy wires.materials and methods : the samples consisted of 30 st...
[ "most pituitary adenomas are clinically inactive . in patients with long - standing compression of the optic chiasm , ganglion cells may undergo axonal degeneration . spectral domain optical coherence tomography ( sd - oct ) is able to identify retinal nerve fiber layer ( rnfl ) and ganglion cell loss in the retina...
introductionmost pituitary adenomas are clinically inactive . in patients with long - standing compression of the optic chiasm , ganglion cells may undergo axonal degeneration . spectral domain optical coherence tomography ( sd - oct ) is able to identify retinal nerve fiber layer ( rnfl ) and ganglion cell loss in the...
[ "percutaneous nephrolithotomy ( pcnl ) is a widely accepted treatment for urinary calculi > 2 cm or resistant to other modalities . complications of this procedure are well reported ; however , to our knowledge no mention has occurred in the literature of a retained nephrostomy tube after pcnl . thus , we will pres...
percutaneous nephrolithotomy is a widely accepted treatment for urinary calculi , but it is not without complications . we present the case of a 76-year - old male with a retained council tip catheter after percutaneous nephrolithotomy . fluoroscopic guidance was used to perform percutaneous puncture of the catheter ba...
[ "radical prostatectomy ( rp ) is a common curative surgical treatment option in localized prostate cancer ( pca ) . pelvic lymph node ( ln ) dissection is performed in order to determine the disease stage , prognosis , and the necessary future treatment options [ 1 , 2 ] . the fatty tissue overlying the prostate is...
introductionwe investigated whether anterior periprostatic fat ( appf ) tissue removed during robotic radical prostatectomy ( rarp ) contains any lymph nodes ( lns).material and methodsappf tissues removed during rarp in 129 patients were evaluated histopathologically . correlation with postoperative pathologic stage w...
[ "the american marten ( martes americana ) is an arboreal mesocarnivore that ranges from the boreal forests of northern north america into coniferous and mixed coniferous / deciduous forests of the northern and northeastern united states , including the great lakes region ( clark et al . , 1987 ) . the american mar...
the american marten ( martes americana ) was reintroduced to both the upper ( up ) and northern lower peninsula ( nlp ) of michigan during the 20th century . this is the first report of endoparasites of american marten from the nlp . faeces from live - trapped american marten were examined for the presence of parasitic...
[ "in korea , close to 86.8% of the elderly population ( aged 65 or older ) has chronic \n degenerative disease1 . among these \n degenerative diseases , arthritis has the highest prevalence rate . osteoarthritis mainly \n occurs in the hip joints and knee joints , which are weight - bearing joints , and most elderly...
[ purpose ] this study investigated the flexion - relaxation phenomenon of the erector spinae in elderly women with chronic knee osteoarthritis and determined whether the flexion - relaxation phenomenon can be used as a pain evaluation tool in such cases . [ subjects and methods ] seventeen elderly females with c...
[ "\n new - onset diabetes after transplantation ( nodat ) represents a common comorbidity after solid organ transplantation . nodat after kidney transplantation is associated with inferior outcomes , including higher risk of infections , decreased graft survival , higher rates of cardiovascular disease , and increas...
new - onset diabetes after transplantation ( nodat ) is a common comorbidity after renal transplantation . though metformin is the first - line agent for the treatment of type 2 diabetes , in renal transplant recipients , metformin is frequently avoided due to concerns about renal dysfunction and risk for lactic acidos...
[ "substantial improvement in survival of people living with hiv has been observed with the introduction of antiretroviral therapy ( art ) in sub - saharan africa . however , the introduction of art has led to new immune - mediated complications from dysfunction of the recovering immune system , termed immune reconst...
the introduction of antiretroviral therapy ( art ) may lead to unusual paradoxical and unmasking presentations of opportunistic infections . intra - abdominal cryptococcosis is a rare manifestation of cryptococcus . we present the case of an hiv - infected patient on art , with a history of cryptococcal meningitis who ...
[ "dermatophytosis is a common clinical entity characterized by the infection of keratinized tissues such as skin , hair , and nails . these dermatophytes are closely related filamentous fungi and cause the disease by virtue of their unique ability to degrade keratin and invade the skin and its appendages . dermatoph...
introduction : dermatophytic infections are commonly encountered a problem and constitute more than 50% of cases in dermatology outpatient departments . diagnosis of these infections requires the proper use of laboratory methods.objectives:this study was conducted to know the etiology of dermatophytosis in patients att...
[ "gemcitabine is a modified \n cytidine analog having two fluorine atoms \n at the 2-position in the deoxyribose sugar moiety ( scheme 1 ) . for nearly 20 years , it has been widely used \n to treat specifically pancreatic cancer . it has been proposed that gemcitabine inhibits \n ribonucleotide reductase ( rnr ) ac...
gemcitabine is a modified cytidine analog having two fluorine atoms at the 2-position of the ribose ring . it has been proposed that gemcitabine inhibits rnr activity by producing a c3 intermediate via direct h3-atom abstraction followed by loss of hf to yield a c2 with 3-keto moiety . direct detection of c...
[ "it has a significant impact on the patient s quality of life ( 1 ) . post - prostatectomy urinary incontinence ( ppi ) is a potential complication of prostate surgery and although it is more frequently seen after radical prostatectomy it can also occur after endoscopic or open surgery for benign prostate hyperplas...
purpose to report our intermediate experience in treating patients with severe incontinence using an adjustable perineal male sling with a tissue expander.materials and methods an adjustable male sling procedure was performed on 21 patients with severe incontinence . the underlying etiology of urinary incontinence was ...
[ "fibromyalgia syndrome ( fms ) is a prevalent chronic pain condition among middle - aged females \n and is characterized by chronic widespread pain . various comorbid symptoms of fms include \n fatigue , cognitive disturbances , depression , sleep impairments , and weight gain , to name but \n a few . it is a chall...
[ purpose ] an easy - to - use , psychometrically validated screening tool for fibromyalgia is needed . this study aims to evaluate the reliability and validity of the turkish version of the fibromyalgia rapid screening tool by correlating it with 2013 american college of rheumatology alternative diagnostic crite...
[ "overweight and obesity are conditions that have been increasing in the united states and these risk factors for diseases are estimated to affect more than one - half of those over the age of 20 . over the last few years obesity is a major public health concern because it increases the risk for many chronic conditi...
this study was designed to assess students perceptions of the obstacles to positive dietary practices and increased physical activity and to solicit the students recommendations for addressing and possibly reducing the negative practices that are associated with the rise in obesity and the development of cardiovascular...
[ "vascular diseases are among the most common causes of morbidity and mortality , and both number and severity of morbid vascular conditions increase with age . regulations of angiogenesis , coagulation , and inflammation are very important issues in vascular biology , both in normal physiology and pathology . it is...
endothelial microparticles ( emps ) are complex vesicular structures that originate from plasma membranes of activated or apoptotic endothelial cells . emps play a significant role in vascular function by altering the processes of inflammation , coagulation , and angiogenesis , and they are key players in the pathogene...
[ "type 2 diabetes is the most common metabolic disorder worldwide and its prevalence is growing at an alarming rate in both developed and developing countries . it is characterized by abnormalities in carbohydrate , lipid and lipoprotein metabolism , which lead to hyperglycemia and many complications such hyperlipid...
objective : type 2 diabetes is the most common metabolic disorder worldwide . traditional herbs and spices can be used to control blood glucose concentrations . the objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of the daily intake of three grams cinnamon over eight weeks on glycemic status , lipid profiles and bo...
[ ". failed endotracheal intubation and inadequate ventilation with insufficient oxygenation may lead to serious complications , even death . management of an unexpectedly difficult airway consists of laryngeal mask ventilation , gum - elastic bougie and video laryngoscopy - assisted intubation . gum - elastic bougie...
backgrounda critical aspect of safe general anesthesia is providing adequate ventilation and oxygenation . failed endotracheal intubation and inadequate ventilation with insufficient oxygenation may lead to serious complications , even death . anesthesiologists rarely encounter unexpected difficult airway problems in d...
[ "we reviewed the medical records of patients who had l. monocytogenes isolated from blood and body fluids from sterile sites during 19962008 at the national taiwan university hospital ( ntuh ) , a 2,500-bed hospital in taiwan . we evaluated disease severity using modified acute physiology and chronic health evaluat...
during 19962008 , a total of 48 patients with listeriosis were identified at a taiwan hospital . average annual incidence increased from 0.029 to 0.118 cases per 1,000 admissions before and after january 2005 . serotype 1/2b predominated ; serotype 4b emerged since 2004 . food monitoring and disease surveillance system...
[ "three cats , siamese or siamese cross , were presented with a chronic thoracic limb weightbearing lameness . previous anti - inflammatory administrations were unable to improve lameness consistently in the three cats . two of the three cats had undergone onychectomy several years before presentation . a permanent ...
case series summarythree cats , siamese or siamese cross , were presented with a chronic thoracic limb weightbearing lameness . previous anti - inflammatory administrations were unable to improve lameness consistently in the three cats . two of the three cats had undergone onychectomy several years before presentation ...
[ "one of them , adiponectin , also known as acrp30 , adipoq , gbp28 , and apm1 , was discovered by four independent research teams in 1995/1996 , [ 25 ] as the most abundant product of the adipose tissue . the hormone is a 244-amino acid protein with 30 kda molecular weight that circulates in the serum in different ...
adiponectin is an adipose - secreted hormone that regulates energy homeostasis and is also involved in the control of the reproductive system . the goal of the present study was to investigate changes in adiponectin gene and protein expression in porcine ovarian structures during the oestrous cycle and to examine the e...
[ "molecular and morphological evidence together support the idea that the anterior end of the amphioxus nerve cord contains regions homologous with vertebrate forebrain and hindbrain 1,2 , though it is generally the ventral portion of these regions that are best represented 3 . its most probable position , as define...
the mhb ( midbrain - hindbrain boundary ) is a key organizing center in the vertebrate brain characterized by highly conserved patterns of gene expression . the evidence for an mhb homolog in protochordates is equivocal , the " neck " region immediately caudal to the sensory vesicle in ascidian larvae being the best ac...
[ "a seventy five year old libyan man was seen in the urology department of tripoli medical centre , tripoli , libya with six month history of left loin pain . the patient noted a mass in the left loin two days before he was assessed in the hospital . the urine analysis revealed pus cells , protein , and no sugar , b...
a seventy five year old gentleman with the clinical diagnosis of renal tuberculosis was found to have renal squamous cell carcinoma . the clinical presentation and management are being discussed .
[ "medicinal plants have been used for centuries in traditional medicine because of their therapeutic value . mentha piperita , ( family lamiaceae ) is a species found in iran and many parts of the world which has an economical value for its flavoring , odor , and therapeutic properties in foods and cosmetic industri...
variations in quantity and quality of essential oil ( eo ) from the aerial parts of cultivated mentha piperita were determined . the eo of air - dried sample was obtained by a hydrodistillation method and analyzed by a gas chromatography / mass spectrometry ( gc / ms ) . the antifungal activity of the eo was investigat...
[ "falls of the elderly always lead to serious health issues as the decline of their physical fitness . fracture is the most common injury in fall of an elderly and there is also a certain possibility to get coma , brain trauma , and paralysis . at most fall situations , the fall process is the main source of injury ...
fall detection is a major challenge in the public healthcare domain , especially for the elderly as the decline of their physical fitness , and timely and reliable surveillance is necessary to mitigate the negative effects of falls . this paper develops a novel fall detection system based on a wearable device . the sys...
[ "one radiologist retrospectively reviewed the medical records of the patients who received tfesi using the conventional approach at our department during a 1-year period , from june 2003 to may 2004 . this involved performing tfesi at the location of the exiting nerve root , regardless of the level of the nerve roo...
objectivethe present study was undertaken to evaluate the effectiveness of transforaminal epidural steroid injection ( tfesi ) with using a preganglionic approach for treating lumbar radiculopathy when the nerve root compression was located at the level of the supra - adjacent intervertebral disc.materials and methodst...
[ "one of the key challenges \n in the development of novel materials \n is the ability to tune and control their macroscopic physical and \n chemical properties on a molecular level by external stimuli . such a degree of control is challenging but crucial for a wide range \n of applications ranging from catalysis to...
controlling the excited - state properties of light driven molecular machines is crucial to achieving high efficiency and directed functionality . a key challenge in achieving control lies in unravelling the complex photodynamics and especially in identifying the role played by dark states . here we use the s...
[ "the patellofemoral joint is one of the most common sources of knee pain in younger people . maltracking and instability of the patellofemoral joint are responsible for the majority of symptoms and are associated with the development and progression of osteoarthritis1 ) . the position of the patella relative to the...
purposethe purpose of this study was to investigate the impact of varying knee flexion and quadriceps activity on patellofemoral indices measured on magnetic resonance imaging ( mri).materials and methodsmri of the knee was performed in 20 patients for indications other than patellar or patellofemoral pathology . axial...
[ "the knowledge of mechanical materials behaviour is of great importance particularly for some innovative engineering applications , which involve a single material , bimaterials , or multiple materials . some bimaterials are obtained by means of a coating process and consist of coupled layers that may or may not co...
the behaviour of materials is governed by the surrounding environment . the contact area between the material and the surrounding environment is the likely spot where different forms of degradation , particularly rust , may be generated . a rust prevention treatment , like bluing , inhibitors , humidity control , coati...
[ "epilepsy is a common and serious chronic neurological disease that affects over 50 million people worldwide . anti - epileptic drugs ( aeds ) are effective at controlling seizures in many patients , acting through a range of neuronal targets , including ion channels , neurotransmitter release , and receptor mechan...
current anti - epileptic drugs ( aeds ) act on a limited set of neuronal targets , are ineffective in a third of patients with epilepsy , and do not show disease - modifying properties . micrornas are small noncoding rnas that regulate levels of proteins by post - transcriptional control of mrna stability and translat...
[ "it is a common discomfort making to the top ten list of complaints in ambulatory medical care , but our understanding of the epidemiology of headache disorders is still incomplete . most of the recurrent headache cases are due to benign chronic primary headache disorders , such as tension headache and migraine . l...
here , we investigated the prevalence of headache among adults in jordan . the study was conducted from january 2007 to november 2008 . a sample of 4,836 participants were permitted to complete a self - conducted screening questionnaire . as much as 82.3% of participants complained from headache at least once per year ...
[ "a 55-year - old woman visited the emergency clinic of hanyang university seoul hospital with chest pain that had persisted for one month and had become aggravated two days earlier . ten years before this admission , the patient had undergone double valve replacement with aortic and mitral mechanical valves due to ...
we present a case of left ventricular pseudoaneurysm , which is a very rare and fatal complication of cardiac procedures such as mitral valve replacement . a 55-year - old woman presented to the department of thoracic and cardiovascular surgery at hanyang university seoul hospital with chest pain . ten years prior , th...
[ "posterior urethral valve ( puv ) is the most common cause of congenital bladder outlet obstruction in boys and causes renal failure in 25% to 30% of cases before adolescence . puv is associated with considerable morbidity , including urinary tract infection ( uti ) , chronic renal failure , urinary incontinence , ...
purposeto find patients at high risk of obstructive remnant leaflets after valve ablation among boys with posterior urethral valve ( puv ) , we evaluated any possible relationship between preoperative findings in our patients and residual obstructive leaflets after valve ablation.materials and methodswe retrospectively...
[ "white spot lesions are areas of demineralized enamel that represent an early stage of caries , since they can progress to cavitated lesions if untreated . the demineralization process can be arrested or reversed by noninvasive means , including oral hygiene counselling and/or topical fluoride application [ 2 , 3 ]...
optical coherence tomography ( oct ) and polarized raman spectroscopy ( prs ) have been shown as useful methods for distinguishing sound enamel from carious lesions ex vivo . however , factors in the oral environment such as calculus , hypocalcification , and stain could lead to false - positive results . oct and prs w...
[ "hematoxylin and eosin - stained slides and formalin fixed paraffin embedded blocks of eight cases of hca were retrieved from the archives of the department of pathology , korea university medical center and seoul national university hospital . the hematoxylin and eosin slides were reviewed , and immunohistochemica...
backgroundhepatocellular adenoma ( hca ) is a rare benign tumor of the liver . a subtype classification of hca ( hepatocyte nuclear factor 1 [ hnf1]-mutated , -catenin - mutated hca , inflammatory hca , and unclassified hca ) has recently been established based on a single institutional review of a hca series by the bo...
[ "microglia account for approximately 10% of the adult brain cell population and represent the first and main form of immune defense in the central nervous system ( cns ; lawson et al . microglia become activated and they can be identified and distinguished from their resting phenotype based on a combination of morp...
microglia constitute the main immune defense in the central nervous system . in response to neuronal injury , microglia become activated , acquire phagocytic properties , and release a wide range of pro - inflammatory mediators that are essential for the annihilation of the neuronal insult . although the role of microg...
[ "rheumatoid arthritis ( ra ) is a chronic systemic inflammatory disease affecting predominantly joints , synovial membranes , articular cartilages , and subchondral bones . disease progression is attributed to increases in reactive oxygen species ( ros ) and oxidative stress ( os ) in the lesion sites . proinflamma...
rheumatoid arthritis ( ra ) is a chronic inflammatory disease , leading to progressive destruction of joints and extra - articular tissues , including organs such as liver and spleen . the purpose of this study was to compare the effects of a potential immunomodulator , natural polyphenol n - feruloylserotonin ( n - f-...
[ "although studies on the effects of children s use of computers are still undetermined , some initial studies showed positive and negative effects in this regard . children commonly use computers for playing games , completing school assignments , sending / receiving e - mails , and connecting to the internet . thi...
objective : the objective of this study was to assess the prevalence of addiction to the internet , computer games , dvd , and video and its relationship to anxiety and depression in a sample of iranian high school students . methods : in this cross - sectional study 1020 high school students ( males and females ) ...
[ ", it must develop tolerance to paternal antigens to avoid a lethal immunologic attack against the fetus . on the other hand , it must preserve the ability to fight infections from a multitude of commensal and environmental pathogens . disruption of this balance can have devastating consequences , including preterm...
several recent studies have shown differences in the maternal immune milieu at different phases of pregnancy , but most studies have been cross - sectional or of relatively few time points . levels of 42 cytokines were determined using a multiplex bead - based assay on archived serum from a cohort of pregnant women ( n...
[ "sarcoidosis - related granulomatous reaction of the immune system could be attributed to environmental factors . however , data supporting this hypothesis remain controversial \n . clinical features of this disease include the following nonspecific symptoms : cough , dyspnea , erythema nodosum , febrile arthritis ...
sarcoidosis is a benign systematic granulomatous disorder of unknown etiology and is associated with various malignancies . however , granulomatous and metastatic lymph node lesions are difficult to distinguish even when using precise and modern diagnostic methods , such as positron emission tomography . thus , histolo...
[ "this retrospective observational study was approved by the western institutional review board ( olympia , washington , usa ) . it complied with the health insurance portability and accountability act of 1996 and followed the tenets of the declaration of helsinki . informed consent was obtained from the subjects af...
purposehistologic details of progression routes to geographic atrophy ( ga ) in amd are becoming available through optical coherence tomography ( oct ) . we studied the origins and evolution of an oct signature called plateau in eyes with ga and suggested a histologic correlate.methodsserial eye - tracked oct scans and...
[ "endocarditis of the right side of the heart is uncommon by virtue of the low hemodynamic pressure and lack of isolated or significant right - sided valvular deformities . the valves fall prey to an infective process in settings of congenital heart disease or endothelial injury . pulmonary arterial endarteritis is ...
endocarditis of the right side of the heart is otherwise uncommon in children . pulmonary endarteritis as a complication of congenital heart disease is even rarer . herein , we report the case of pulmonary endarteritis with a 7 mm 5 mm vegetation , involving the main pulmonary artery in a 4-year - old male child , with...