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Section: Methods > Infection. The viral tracer may be introduced in peripheral organs, such as a muscle or gland. Certain viruses, such as adeno-associated virus, can be injected into the bloodstream and can cross the blood–brain barrier to infect the brain. It may also be introduced into a ganglion or injected directl... | Wikipedia - Viral neuronal tracing - Methods > Infection | 310 | 1,612 | null |
Section: Direction of transmission. Virus transmission relies on the mechanism of axoplasmic transport. Within the axon are long slender protein complexes called microtubules. They act as a cytoskeleton to help the cell maintain its shape. These can also act as highways within the axon and facilitate the transport of n... | Wikipedia - Viral neuronal tracing - Direction of transmission | 197 | 867 | null |
Section: Benefits and drawbacks > Drawbacks. As viruses propagate through the nervous system, the viral tracers infect neurons and ultimately destroy them. As such, the timing of tracer studies must be precise to allow adequate propagation before neural death occurs, causing large-scale harm to the body. It has been di... | Wikipedia - Viral neuronal tracing - Benefits and drawbacks > Drawbacks | 161 | 850 | null |
Section: Viruses in use. The following is a list of viruses currently in use for the purpose of neuronal tracing. Herpes simplex virus (Herpesviridae family) – anterograde Pseudorabies virus PRV (Herpesviridae family) – retrograde trans-synaptic and anterograde Rabies virus (Rhabdoviridae family) – retrograde trans-syn... | Wikipedia - Viral neuronal tracing - Viruses in use | 152 | 551 | null |
Section: Overview > Fingers of instantiation. 'FINST' abbreviates ‘FINgers of INSTantiation’. Pylyshyn describes visual indexing theory in terms of this analogy. Imagine, he proposes, placing your fingers on five separate objects in a scene. As those objects move about, your fingers stay in respective contact with each... | Wikipedia - Visual indexing theory - Overview > Fingers of instantiation | 318 | 1,643 | null |
Section: Overview > Role in the visual perception process > Individuation. FINSTs operate pre-attentively — that is, before attention is drawn or directed to an object in the visual field. Their primary task is to individuate certain salient features in a scene, conceptually distinguishing these from other stimuli. Und... | Wikipedia - Visual indexing theory - Overview > Role in the visual perception process > Individuation | 228 | 1,130 | null |
Section: Overview > Role in the visual perception process > Attentional facilitation. Under visual indexing theory, an object cannot be attended to until it has first been indexed. Once it has been allocated a FINST, the index provides the visual system with rapid and preferential access to the object for further proce... | Wikipedia - Visual indexing theory - Overview > Role in the visual perception process > Attentional facilitation | 186 | 941 | null |
Section: Theoretical context > Spotlight and zoom-lens models of attention. The traditional view of visual perception holds that attention is fundamental to visual processing. In terms of an analogy offered by Posner, Snyder and Davidson (1980): "Attention can be likened to a spotlight that enhances the efficiency of d... | Wikipedia - Visual indexing theory - Theoretical context > Spotlight and zoom-lens models of attention | 274 | 1,367 | null |
Section: Theoretical context > Descriptive view of visual representation. According to the classical view of mental representation, we perceive objects according to the conceptual descriptions they fall under. It is these descriptions, and not the raw content of our visual perceptions, that allow us to construct meanin... | Wikipedia - Visual indexing theory - Theoretical context > Descriptive view of visual representation | 331 | 1,658 | null |
For example, I may refer to a particular can of soup on a supermarket shelf sitting among a number of identical cans that answer to the same description. In both cases, a spatiotemporal reference is required in order to pick out the object within the scene, independently of any description that object may fall under. F... | Wikipedia - Visual indexing theory - Theoretical context > Descriptive view of visual representation | 220 | 1,068 | null |
Section: Experimental evidence > Multiple object tracking studies. Multiple object tracking describes the ability of human subjects to simultaneously track the movement of up to five target objects as they move across the visual field, usually in the presence of identical moving distractor objects of equal or greater n... | Wikipedia - Visual indexing theory - Experimental evidence > Multiple object tracking studies | 334 | 1,764 | null |
In addition to consistently observing a high rate of successful target tracking, researchers have shown that subjects can: track objects that have undergone occlusion, even when they have changed trajectory whilst occluded, track objects across changes in viewpoint, track 'holes' as effectively as they can track 'objec... | Wikipedia - Visual indexing theory - Experimental evidence > Multiple object tracking studies | 179 | 950 | null |
Section: Experimental evidence > Subitizing studies. Subitizing refers to the rapid and accurate enumeration of small numbers of items. Numerous studies (dating back to Jevons in 1871) have demonstrated that subjects can very quickly and accurately report the quantity of objects randomly presented on a display, when th... | Wikipedia - Visual indexing theory - Experimental evidence > Subitizing studies | 283 | 1,415 | null |
Results When the number of items to be enumerated is within the subitizing range, each additional item on the display adds around 40–120ms to the total response time. Beyond the subitizing range, each additional item adds 250–350ms to the total response time (so that when the number of items presented is plotted agains... | Wikipedia - Visual indexing theory - Experimental evidence > Subitizing studies | 179 | 845 | null |
Section: Experimental evidence > Subset selection studies. A key assumption of visual indexing theory is that once an item entering the visual field has been indexed, that index provides the subject with rapid subsequent access to the object, which bypasses any higher level cognitive processes. In order to test this hy... | Wikipedia - Visual indexing theory - Experimental evidence > Subset selection studies | 350 | 1,776 | null |
Three of these items are designated as the subset by late onset (appearing after the others). The subset contains the target item and two distractors. The key independent variable in this experiment is the nature of the subset selected. In some cases, the subset comprises a feature search set — i.e. the target differs ... | Wikipedia - Visual indexing theory - Experimental evidence > Subset selection studies | 317 | 1,640 | null |
Article: Visual temporal integration. Visual temporal integration is a perceptual process of integrating a continuous and rapid stream of information into discrete perceptual episodes or ‘events’. Arguably, integrating over small temporal windows, as opposed to sampling ‘snapshots’, allows the brain to evaluate visual ... | Wikipedia - Visual temporal integration - Summary | 153 | 805 | null |
Article: Voltage-sensitive dye. Voltage-sensitive dyes, also known as potentiometric dyes, are dyes which change their spectral properties in response to voltage changes. They are able to provide linear measurements of firing activity of single neurons, large neuronal populations or activity of myocytes. Many physiolog... | Wikipedia - Voltage-sensitive dye - Summary | 184 | 1,008 | null |
Section: Types of dyes. Fast-response probes: These are amphiphilic membrane staining dyes which usually have a pair of hydrocarbon chains acting as membrane anchors and a hydrophilic group which aligns the chromophore perpendicular to the membrane/aqueous interface. The chromophore is believed to undergo a large elect... | Wikipedia - Voltage-sensitive dye - Types of dyes | 271 | 1,312 | null |
Section: Examples. Commonly used voltage sensitive dyes are substituted aminonaphthylethenylpyridinium (ANEP) dyes, such as di-4-ANEPPS, di-8-ANEPPS, and RH237. Depending on their chemical modifications which change their physical properties they are used for different experimental procedures. They were first described... | Wikipedia - Voltage-sensitive dye - Examples | 224 | 1,005 | null |
Section: Materials. The core material for imaging brain activity with voltage-sensitive dyes are the dyes themselves. These voltage-sensitive dyes are lipophilic and preferably localized in membranes with their hydrophobic tails. They are used in applications involving fluorescence or absorption; they are fast acting a... | Wikipedia - Voltage-sensitive dye - Materials | 184 | 985 | null |
Section: Strengths and weaknesses. Strengths of imaging brain activity with voltage-sensitive dyes include the following abilities: Measurement of population signals from many areas may be taken simultaneously, and hundreds of neurons may be recorded from. Such multisite recordings may provide precise information on ac... | Wikipedia - Voltage-sensitive dye - Strengths and weaknesses | 342 | 1,779 | null |
Voltage-sensitive dyes often fail to penetrate through connective tissue or move through intracellular spaces to the region of membrane desired for study. Staining is a serious issue in applications of these dyes. Water-soluble dyes, such as ANNINE-6plus, ElectroFluor-530s, or di-2-ANEPEQ, do not suffer this problem. O... | Wikipedia - Voltage-sensitive dye - Strengths and weaknesses | 237 | 1,087 | null |
Section: Uses. Voltage-sensitive dyes have been used to measure neural activity in several areas of the nervous system in a variety of organisms, including the squid giant axon, whisker barrels of the rat somatosensory cortex, olfactory bulb of the salamander, visual cortex of the cat, optic tectum of the frog, and the... | Wikipedia - Voltage-sensitive dye - Uses | 159 | 763 | null |
Section: History. Nicolelis, a Brazilian neuroscientist working at Duke University, who had been proposing the use of BMI in his laboratory since 2006, but had been exploring this area since 1999. He had demonstrated the viability of BMI alongside scientist John Chapin, in 2008, together with Gordon Cheng, in an experi... | Wikipedia - Walk Again Project - History | 329 | 1,506 | null |
In 2012, in the process of creating the BRA-Santos Dumont exoskeleton for the 2014 FIFA World Cup, the project team recorded 1847 neurons simultaneously, something, until then, unprecedented. The next research project saw mice being able to sense tactile information from infrared light, as a possible new form of BMI co... | Wikipedia - Walk Again Project - History | 334 | 1,693 | null |
In the end the demonstration, carried out by the patient Juliano Alves Pinto during the 2014 FIFA World Cup opening ceremony, was reduced to just three seconds on the world network, which was the subject of controversy. The Walk Again team, made up of 150–156 people for the World Cup, had no control over image producti... | Wikipedia - Walk Again Project - History | 339 | 1,652 | null |
The researchers were surprised by the improvements, since the damage to the spinal cord would have prevented the brain from communicating with the rest of the body. Nicolelis then theorized, still without evidence via imaging tests, that the immersion and mental focus on the training would have stimulated brain plastic... | Wikipedia - Walk Again Project - History | 313 | 1,546 | null |
Article: White matter dissection. White matter dissection refers to a special anatomical technique able to reveal the subcortical organization of white matter fibers in the human or animal cadaver brain. The first studies of cerebral white matter (WM) were described by Galen and by the subsequent efforts of Vesalius on... | Wikipedia - White matter dissection - Summary | 335 | 1,759 | null |
Article: Best Illusion of the Year Contest. The Best Illusion of the Year Contest is an annual recognition of the world's illusion creators awarded by the Neural Correlate Society. The contest was created in 2005 by professors Susana Martinez-Conde and Stephen Macknik as part of the European conference on Visual Percep... | Wikipedia - Best Illusion of the Year Contest - Summary | 314 | 1,604 | null |
Article: Eppendorf & Science Prize for Neurobiology. The Eppendorf & Science Prize for Neurobiology is a neurobiology prize that is awarded annually by Science magazine (published by American Association for the Advancement of Science) and underwritten by Eppendorf AG, laboratory device and supply company. Entrees are ... | Wikipedia - Eppendorf & Science Prize for Neurobiology - Summary | 195 | 985 | null |
Section: Trophy. The Golden Brain is a model of human brain, and the name is given as it is coloured with gold. It was originally designed and crafted by Tamia Marg. The brain is a pedestal of ten inches high, held by a spinal cord-like stem that is fixed to a metal base. It is primarily made of bronze that is coated w... | Wikipedia - Golden Brain Award - Trophy | 215 | 911 | null |
Section: Recipients. 2004 Seymour Benzer 2005 Eric Knudsen and Masakazu Konishi 2006 Masao Ito and Roger Nicoll, cellular neurobiologists 2007 Shigetada Nakanishi a molecular neurobiologist, Director of the Osaka Bioscience Institute 2008 John O’Keefe, PhD, Professor of Cognitive Neuroscience at University College Lond... | Wikipedia - Gruber Prize in Neuroscience - Recipients | 335 | 1,496 | null |
Article: IBRO-Kemali Prize. The IBRO Dargut and Milena Kemali International Prize for Research in the field of Basic and Clinical Neurosciences' is a prize awarded every two years to an outstanding researcher, under 45 years old, who made important contributions in the field of Basic and Clinical Neurosciences. The awa... | Wikipedia - IBRO-Kemali Prize - Summary | 163 | 794 | null |
Section: Prize winners. 2022 – Sergiu P. Pasca (Romania, USA) – for his innovative research work using stem cell technology to create human brain organoids and assembloids, and their application to realistic studies of cellular mechanisms of human brain development and disease mechanisms. 2020 - Hailan Hu (Zheijiang, C... | Wikipedia - IBRO-Kemali Prize - Prize winners | 314 | 1,486 | null |
2008 - Massimo Scanziani (San Diego, CA, USA) - for seminal discoveries on how cerebral cortex perceives the environment by showing that cortical circuits operate in an activity-dependent and non-linear fashion using canonical feed-forward and feed-back inhibition circuits as feature detectors of incoming stimuli. 2006... | Wikipedia - IBRO-Kemali Prize - Prize winners | 287 | 1,332 | null |
Section: Recipients. 2024 Margaret Livingstone 2023 Silvia Arber 2022 Nicholas Spitzer 2021 Patricia K. Kuhl «in recognition of her fundamental discoveries concerning how human infants acquire language, and how brain structure and activity changes during language learning in both monolingual and bilingual children» 202... | Wikipedia - Karl Spencer Lashley Award - Recipients | 314 | 1,707 | null |
Tank - "In recognition of his pioneering application of intracellular recording and two-photon microscopy in awake animals, which has revealed new insights into the neural circuits underlying cognition" 2014 Edvard and May-Britt Moser - "In recognition of their discovery of grid cells in entorhinal cortex, and their pi... | Wikipedia - Karl Spencer Lashley Award - Recipients | 322 | 1,694 | null |
Thompson - "In recognition of his distinguished contributions to understanding the brain substrates of learning and memory" 2006 Jon H. Kaas - "In recognition of his comprehensive analyses of the primate cerebral cortex, its evolution, functional organization, and plastic response to injury" 2005 Bruce McEwen - "In rec... | Wikipedia - Karl Spencer Lashley Award - Recipients | 294 | 1,546 | null |
Posner and Marcus E. Raichle - "Jointly, for their pioneering contributions to brain imaging" 1996 Patricia S. Goldman-Rakic - "For seminal contributions to the current understanding of prefrontal cortex and its role in working memory and for effectively applying insights from basic biological sciences to mental health... | Wikipedia - Karl Spencer Lashley Award - Recipients | 248 | 1,319 | null |
Wurtz - "For brilliant technical innovations in recording the activity of single visual neurons of alert, behaviorally-trained monkeys that made possible salient scientific discoveries relating individual nerve cells to visual perception and to the generation of eye movement" 1993 Paul Greengard - "For his pioneering w... | Wikipedia - Karl Spencer Lashley Award - Recipients | 325 | 1,819 | null |
By a brilliant selection of suitable experimental systems, he has succeeded over the last twenty years in advancing these techniques and applying them to the analysis of development and behavior. These contributions have greatly expanded the power of the genetic approach in neurobiology and fostered a merger between mo... | Wikipedia - Karl Spencer Lashley Award - Recipients | 342 | 1,721 | null |
Article: Kavli Prize. The Kavli Prize was established in 2005 as a joint venture of the Norwegian Academy of Science and Letters, the Norwegian Ministry of Education and Research, and the Kavli Foundation. It honors, supports, and recognizes scientists for outstanding work in the fields of astrophysics, nanoscience and... | Wikipedia - Kavli Prize - Summary | 170 | 714 | null |
Section: Recipients. Source: National Academy of Sciences Liqun Luo (2025) For advancing understanding of the mechanisms of neural development, neuronal diversity, and brain wiring. Nancy Kanwisher (2022) For her groundbreaking insights into the functional organization of the human brain, including the discovery of neo... | Wikipedia - NAS Award in the Neurosciences - Recipients | 324 | 1,646 | null |
Jean-Pierre Changeux (2007) For the pioneering discovery that fast-acting neurotransmitters mediate their effects through allosteric regulation of the neurotransmitter protein. Brenda Milner (2004) For her pioneering and seminal investigations of the functioning of the temporal lobes and other brain regions in learning... | Wikipedia - NAS Award in the Neurosciences - Recipients | 272 | 1,334 | null |
Section: Winners. 1992, Jorge Allende (biochemistry) 1994, Humberto Maturana (neurobiology) 1996, Nibaldo Bahamonde (hydrobiology) 1998, Juan Antonio Garbarino Bacigalupo (chemistry) 2000, Mario Luxoro (biophysics) 2002, Ramón Latorre (biophysics) 2004, Pedro Labarca Prado (biophysics) 2006, Cecilia Hidalgo Tapia (bioc... | Wikipedia - National Prize for Natural Sciences (Chile) - Winners | 191 | 684 | null |
Section: Creation. Edward Perl (1926-2014), a neuroscientist and former professor of Cell Biology & Physiology at the University of North Carolina School of Medicine, established the prize in 2000 to recognize outstanding scientific contribution in neuroscience. He had envisioned that the selection committee would choo... | Wikipedia - Perl-UNC Prize - Creation | 217 | 1,002 | null |
Section: Recipients. Source: UNC Neuroscience Center 2000 David Julius, Cloning the Capsaicin Receptor. 2001 Roderick MacKinnon, Solving the Crystal Structure of the Potassium Channel. 2002 Linda Buck and Richard Axel, Discovery of the Family of Olfactory Receptor Proteins. 2003 Yves Barde, Discovery of Brain-Derived N... | Wikipedia - Perl-UNC Prize - Recipients | 345 | 1,726 | null |
Article: Potamkin Prize. The Potamkin Prize for Research in Pick's, Alzheimer's, and Related Diseases was established in 1988 and is sponsored by the American Academy of Neurology. The prize is funded through the philanthropy of the Potamkin Foundation. The prize is awarded for achievements on emerging areas of researc... | Wikipedia - Potamkin Prize - Summary | 193 | 879 | null |
Section: Awards. Source (to 2017): American Academy of Neurology 2024: Francisco Lopera 2023: Maria Luisa Gorno-Tempini 2021: Vladimir Hachinski 2021: Kenneth Kosik, Giovanna Mallucci 2020: J. Paul Taylor 2019: Randall J. Bateman 2018: David Bennett 2017: Claudia Kawas, Kristine Yaffe 2016: Rosa Rademakers, Bryan J. Tr... | Wikipedia - Potamkin Prize - Awards | 339 | 1,128 | null |
Section: Recipients. 1978 Stephen William Kuffler 1979 Roger Sperry 1980 Vernon Mountcastle 1981 Herbert Jasper 1982 Jerzy E. Rose, Clinton N. Woolsey 1983 Walle Nauta 1984 Theodore H. Bullock, Susumu Hagiwara 1985 Viktor Hamburger, Rita Levi-Montalcini 1986 Seymour Solomon Kety 1987 Brenda Milner 1988 Horace Winchell ... | Wikipedia - Ralph W. Gerard Prize in Neuroscience - Recipients | 340 | 1,332 | null |
Section: Awardees. Source: American Academy of Neurology 1996 Robert H. Brown Jr. 1996 Teepue Siddique 1997 Jeffrey Rothstein 1998 Theodore Munsat 1998 Lewis P. Rowland 1999 Don Cleveland 2000 Jean Pierre Julien 2001 Pamela Shaw 2002 Serge Przedborski 2003 Stanley Appel 2004 Peter Nigel Leigh 2005 Michael Strong 2006 P... | Wikipedia - Sheila Essey Award - Awardees | 161 | 690 | null |
Section: History. The NeurIPS meeting was first proposed in 1986 at the annual invitation-only Snowbird Meeting on Neural Networks for Computing organized by The California Institute of Technology and Bell Laboratories. NeurIPS was designed as a complementary open interdisciplinary meeting for researchers exploring bio... | Wikipedia - Conference on Neural Information Processing Systems - History | 331 | 1,683 | null |
The following NeurIPS Conferences have been organized by the NeurIPS Foundation, established by Ed Posner. Terrence Sejnowski has been the president of the NeurIPS Foundation since Posner's death in 1993. The board of trustees consists of previous general chairs of the NeurIPS Conference. The first proceedings was publ... | Wikipedia - Conference on Neural Information Processing Systems - History | 189 | 955 | null |
Section: Topics. Along with machine learning and neuroscience, other fields represented at NeurIPS include cognitive science, psychology, computer vision, statistical linguistics, and information theory. Over the years, NeurIPS became a premier conference on machine learning and although the 'Neural' in the NeurIPS acr... | Wikipedia - Conference on Neural Information Processing Systems - Topics | 187 | 985 | null |
Section: Topics > Named lectures. In addition to invited talks and symposia, NeurIPS also organizes two named lectureships to recognize distinguished researchers. The NeurIPS Board introduced the Posner Lectureship in honor of NeurIPS founder Ed Posner; two Posner Lectures were given each year up to 2015. Past lecturer... | Wikipedia - Conference on Neural Information Processing Systems - Topics > Named lectures | 291 | 1,191 | null |
Section: History > First Annual G20 World Brain Mapping Summit 2014. Amen Clinics, Compumedics Inc, SBMT, and BMF held the first annual summit on G20 World Brain Mapping and Therapeutics Initiative in Brisbane, Australia on 13 November in Mercure Hotel. Summit started with messages of cooperation from the U.S. Congress... | Wikipedia - G20 World Brain Mapping & Therapeutic Scientific Summit - History > First Annual G20 World Brain Mapping Summit 2014 | 219 | 1,070 | null |
Section: The conferences. The first conference was held February 20 – March 4, 2009 with the theme "Philosophers Facing Phenomenal Consciousness" and a keynote given by David M. Rosenthal. Papers from this conference were subsequently published in the Journal of Consciousness Studies. The second conference was held Feb... | Wikipedia - Online Consciousness Conference - The conferences | 199 | 1,027 | null |
Article: American Anthropometric Society. The American Anthropometric Society, also known as the Brain Society, was a Philadelphia-based anthropometry organization of physicians, scientists and intellectuals founded in 1889. Members agreed to donate their brains after their deaths for analysis by living members of the ... | Wikipedia - American Anthropometric Society - Summary | 161 | 902 | null |
Section: History. The society was founded in 1889 in Philadelphia by Harrison Allen, Francis Xavier Dercum, Joseph Leidy, Silas Weir Mitchell, William Pepper, Edward Charles Spitzka and Isaac J. Wistar. It was modeled after the Society of Mutual Autopsy founded in Paris in 1881. While phrenology, the pseudoscience that... | Wikipedia - American Anthropometric Society - History | 294 | 1,527 | null |
Section: Analysis of brains. In 1907, Edward Anthony Spitzka published a paper on his study of six brains bequeathed to the society. Spitzka claimed that brain weight was correlated with intelligence and that brain fissures, frontal lobe development, and the corpus callosum were more developed in the brains of eminent ... | Wikipedia - American Anthropometric Society - Analysis of brains | 323 | 1,582 | null |
Article: American Neuropsychiatric Association. The American Neuropsychiatric Association (ANPA) is a non-profit organization of professionals in neuropsychiatry, behavioral neurology and the clinical neurosciences, with over 700 members from around the world. Established in 1988, its mission is to improve the lives of... | Wikipedia - American Neuropsychiatric Association - Summary | 323 | 1,558 | null |
Section: Fellows. Fellows of the ANPA (FANPA) are elected from members with special achievement in neuropsychiatry, behavioral neurology, neuropsychology or the clinical neurosciences. As of March 2018, fellows include: 2000: James R. Merikangas, M.D. Barry S. Fogel, M.D. Randolph B. Schiffer, M.D. Gary J. Tucker, M.D.... | Wikipedia - American Neuropsychiatric Association - Fellows | 350 | 929 | null |
Kaufer, M.D. Katherine H. Taber, Ph.D. 2006: Kevin J. Black, M.D. Allen J. Rubin, M.D. 2007: Tiffany Chow, M.D. 2008: Robert A. Bornstein, Ph.D. Jeremy D. Schmahmann, M.D. 2009: Yonas E. Geda, M.D. Daniel R. Wilson, M.D., Ph.D. 2010: Deborah N. Black, M.D. Richard B. Ferrell, M.D. Colin J. Harrington, M.D. Bernardino V... | Wikipedia - American Neuropsychiatric Association - Fellows | 341 | 784 | null |
Section: Awards. The Jordi Folch-Pi Award is given to an outstanding young investigator who has demonstrated a high level of research competence and originality, who has significantly advanced our knowledge of neurochemistry and who shows a high degree of potential for future accomplishments. The Marian Kies Memorial A... | Wikipedia - American Society for Neurochemistry - Awards | 205 | 1,099 | null |
Article: Bernstein Network. The Bernstein Network is a research network in the field of computational neuroscience; this field brings together experimental approaches in neurobiology with theoretical models and computer simulations. It unites different scientific disciplines, such as physics, biology, mathematics, medi... | Wikipedia - Bernstein Network - Summary | 248 | 1,468 | null |
Section: History. In 2004, the Bernstein Network started off as the "Nationales Bernstein Netzwerk Computational Neuroscience" (NNCN)) as a funding initiative of the Federal Ministry of Education and Research (BMBF). The aim of the initiative was the long-term establishment of the research discipline Computational Neur... | Wikipedia - Bernstein Network - History | 311 | 1,583 | null |
Section: Structure. Six Bernstein Centers (in Berlin, Freiburg, Göttingen, Heidelberg-Mannheim, Munich and Tübingen) form the basic structure of the Bernstein Network. As additional local structural elements, five Bernstein groups have been established (in Bochum, Bremen, Heidelberg, Jena, and Magdeburg). Eleven Bernst... | Wikipedia - Bernstein Network - Structure | 204 | 1,103 | null |
Section: Literature. Peter Dayan, Larry F. Abbott: "Theoretical neuroscience: computational and mathematical modeling of neural systems". MIT Press, Cambridge, Mass 2001, ISBN 0-262-04199-5. William Bialek, Fred Rieke, David Warland, Rob de Ruyter van Steveninck: "Spikes: exploring the neural code". MIT Press, Cambridg... | Wikipedia - Bernstein Network - Literature | 248 | 942 | null |
Article: Bertarelli Foundation. The Bertarelli Foundation is a private foundation founded by the Bertarelli family; brother and sister Ernesto and Dona Bertarelli, who are co-Chairs of the Foundation, and their mother, Maria Iris Bertarelli. It was established in 1998 in memory of Fabio Bertarelli and is based in Gstaa... | Wikipedia - Bertarelli Foundation - Summary | 206 | 988 | null |
Section: Activities > Marine conservation. The Bertarelli Foundation is active in the creation of Marine Protected Areas (MPAs), both in terms of providing material support and in terms of advocacy. In 2010 it worked with the British Government to provide the financial backing to enable the designation of the Chagos Ma... | Wikipedia - Bertarelli Foundation - Activities > Marine conservation | 330 | 1,701 | null |
Section: Activities > Neuroscience research. In 2010, the Bertarelli Foundation entered into a partnership with Harvard Medical School and the Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL) to a joint neuroengineering programme, the Bertarelli Program in Translational Neuroscience and Neuroengineering. The aim of the ... | Wikipedia - Bertarelli Foundation - Activities > Neuroscience research | 343 | 1,696 | null |
Section: Activities > Other activities. In 2008 the Bertarelli Foundation funded a new classroom and a medical centre at Henna Pre-School in South Africa having visited the school during a family holiday. In 2014, it partnered with Harvard Business School to establish the Bertarelli Foundation Health & Life Sciences En... | Wikipedia - Bertarelli Foundation - Activities > Other activities | 257 | 1,231 | null |
Section: Origins. In 2014 Danielle N. Lee coined the term #BLACKandSTEM to unite Black scientists and engineers around the world. Guided by both her work and the Black Lives Matter movement that followed the murder of George Floyd and the Central Park birdwatching incident, several #BLACKandSTEM programs were launched ... | Wikipedia - Black In Neuro - Origins | 311 | 1,557 | null |
Article: Brain Awareness Week. Brain Awareness Week is the global campaign to increase public awareness of the progress and benefits of brain research. It unites the efforts of partner organizations from around the world in a week-long celebration of the brain every year in mid-March. It was founded by the Dana Allianc... | Wikipedia - Brain Awareness Week - Summary | 159 | 925 | null |
Section: Special projects. Currently, the organization is focused on establishing the Global Alliance for Nano-Bio-Electronics through its National Center for NanoBioElectronic and has shaped policies in the field of Nanoneuroscience and Nanoneurosurgery. In this regard, the foundation has established significant ties ... | Wikipedia - Brain Mapping Foundation - Special projects | 160 | 788 | null |
Section: Brain Mapping Day at the US Congress. Brain Mapping Foundation in collaboration with the Society for Brain Mapping and Therapeutics (SBMT), holds the Brain Mapping Days at the US Congress and Canadian Parliament to educate policymakers about the state-of-the-art research in neuroscience. More information about... | Wikipedia - Brain Mapping Foundation - Brain Mapping Day at the US Congress | 165 | 679 | null |
Section: Awards. Brain Mapping Foundation has partnered with Society for Brain Mapping and Therapeutics (SBMT) to identify the most important scientific and clinical contributions to the field, and recognize them with the prestigious “Pioneer” awards. The awards are presented in partnership with SBMT, industry leaders ... | Wikipedia - Brain Mapping Foundation - Awards | 206 | 1,104 | null |
Section: Charitable objects. It is a registered charity (number 1103852), with charitable objects as follows: ‘To preserve and protect health and advance public education in neurosciences related to health and disease (in particular but not exclusively) by:’ Promoting on a multidisciplinary basis the study of the devel... | Wikipedia - British Neuroscience Association - Charitable objects | 243 | 1,371 | null |
Article: Cognitive Neuroscience Society. The Cognitive Neuroscience Society (CNS) is an international academic society interested in multi-disciplinary approaches to cognitive brain function. Drawing primarily from the biological and psychological sciences, society members are involved in cognitive neuroscience researc... | Wikipedia - Cognitive Neuroscience Society - Summary | 222 | 1,195 | null |
Section: History. The "Deutsche Neurowissenschaften-Olympiad" is part of the International Brain Bee program which oversees more than 150 competitions in over 45 countries each year. The program was founded in 1999 by Dr. Norbert Myslinski in the United States. The program has since expanded beyond the United States. D... | Wikipedia - Deutsche Neurowissenschaften-Olympiade - History | 163 | 784 | null |
Section: Competition. The competition, which until 2016 has only taken place in Heidelberg, is open to students in grades 8 to 13 with the total number of participants limited to 60 students per city. Currently, the German Neuroscience Olympiad is expanding into other cities throughout Germany. In addition to Heidelber... | Wikipedia - Deutsche Neurowissenschaften-Olympiade - Competition | 219 | 1,181 | null |
Section: List of International Brain Bee venues and associated conferences. Source 2009 Toronto, Canada – The American Psychological Association 2010 San Diego, United States – The American Psychological Association 2011 Florence, Italy – The International Brain Research Organization 2012 Cape Town, South Africa – The ... | Wikipedia - Deutsche Neurowissenschaften-Olympiade - List of International Brain Bee venues and associated conferences | 174 | 992 | null |
Article: EEG and Clinical Neuroscience Society. The EEG and Clinical Neuroscience Society (ECNS) is an international scientific and educational organization dedicated to disseminating knowledge regarding the latest scientific advances in all fields of electrophysiology as they relate to the understanding, treatment, an... | Wikipedia - EEG and Clinical Neuroscience Society - Summary | 210 | 965 | null |
Section: Annual meeting > Previous Meetings. Meetings from 2004-2009 were jointly held with the International Society for Neuroimaging in Psychiatry (ISNIP) Meetings from 2010-present were jointly held with ISNIP and the International Society for Brain Electromagnetic Tomography (ISBET) 2024 – Toronto, Canada 2023 – Is... | Wikipedia - EEG and Clinical Neuroscience Society - Annual meeting > Previous Meetings | 266 | 1,093 | null |
Section: Organization. The ECNP’s executive organ is the Executive Committee. The Executive Committee consists of six officers (the president, vice- president, president-elect, past-president, secretary and treasurer) and a maximum of six councillors. The Executive Committee has a three year term. The 2019-2022 Executi... | Wikipedia - European College of Neuropsychopharmacology - Organization | 336 | 1,413 | null |
Montgomery, United Kingdom (1992-1995) Salomon Z. Langer, France (1989-1992) Carl-Gerhard Gottfries, Sweden (1987-1989) The Executive Committee oversees the work of various sub-committees of the Executive Committees. These committees are staffed by scientists working in the field of neuropsychopharmacology. Abstract an... | Wikipedia - European College of Neuropsychopharmacology - Organization | 345 | 1,783 | null |
Section: Organization > Committees independent from the Executive committee. External Review Board of the ECNP The External Review Board of the ECNP (formerly known as the Scientific Committee) was established in 2007 with the broad aim of overseeing the quality assurance of ECNP’s governance and that of its activities... | Wikipedia - European College of Neuropsychopharmacology - Organization > Committees independent from the Executive committee | 221 | 1,237 | null |
Section: Activities. ECNP Congress The ECNP Congress is an annual meeting on applied neuroscience and mental disorders. The meeting is intended for medical researchers in neuropsychopharmacology, psychiatry and neurology, clinicians and practitioners, neuroscientists, and public health professionals. ECNP Workshop The ... | Wikipedia - European College of Neuropsychopharmacology - Activities | 200 | 1,112 | null |
Section: Awards. ECNP Negative Results Prize in Clinical Neuroscience The ECNP Negative Results Prize in Clinical Neuroscience recognises those who have made exceptional contributions to CNS treatment development by publishing clinical research with negative findings. Best Negative Data Prize The Best Negative Data Pri... | Wikipedia - European College of Neuropsychopharmacology - Awards | 312 | 1,635 | null |
Section: History. The society was founded in 1976 with the aim of helping to advance the field of neurochemistry for the public benefit, in particular to facilitate exchange of ideas and interests amongst its members. In the years before the establishment of the ESN, many European neurochemists were centrally involved ... | Wikipedia - European Society for Neurochemistry - History | 315 | 1,599 | null |
Some general principles were agreed upon: that the society should be open to members from all European countries, East and West, who were interested in neurochemistry and allied subjects, and that it should pay special attention to clinical and applied aspects of the subject. The working party accepted an invitation, t... | Wikipedia - European Society for Neurochemistry - History | 177 | 877 | null |
Section: History. The Society was founded in 1992 with Matthew J. Wayner as its founding president. Other past-presidents have been Paul R. Sanberg (1993), Robert D. Meyer (1994), Linda P. Spear (1995), Gerard P. Smith (1996), Michael L. Woodruff (1997), Robert L. Isaacson (1998), Laszlo Lenard (1999), Jacqueline N. Cr... | Wikipedia - International Behavioral Neuroscience Society - History | 198 | 788 | null |
Article: International Brain Bee. The International Brain Bee (IBB) is a neuroscience competition for teenagers. The IBB was founded in 1999 by Norbert Myslinski, and consists of over 200 chapters in more than 50 regions on 6 continents. Its purpose is to help treat and find cures for brain disorders by inspiring and m... | Wikipedia - International Brain Bee - Summary | 197 | 1,048 | null |
Section: History. IBRO was founded in 1961 in response to the growing demand from neuroscientists around the world for the creation of a central organization that would cut across world boundaries and improve communication and collaboration among brain researchers. The origin of IBRO can be traced back to a meeting of ... | Wikipedia - International Brain Research Organization - History | 163 | 875 | null |
Section: History. The INS was formed as the Neuroethics Society in May 2006 in Asilomar, California by a multidisciplinary group of 13 members, including neuroscientists, psychologists, philosophers, bioethicists and lawyers. This group formed the INS following the first meeting solely devoted to neuroethics held in Sa... | Wikipedia - International Neuroethics Society - History | 336 | 1,591 | null |
Section: Annual meeting. In May 2007, the INS sponsored a forum on the ethics of neuroenhancement in Washington, D.C., which was hosted by the Dana Foundation. This was followed by the first annual meeting of the INS in 2008, also held in Washington, DC. This 2-day meeting was held prior to the Society for Neuroscience... | Wikipedia - International Neuroethics Society - Annual meeting | 197 | 997 | null |
Section: Response to the Presidential Commission for the Study of Bioethical Issues. In 2014, the Presidential Commission for the Study of Bioethical Issues, which advises the President of the United States on bioethical issues arising from advances in biomedicine and related areas of science and technology, asked for ... | Wikipedia - International Neuroethics Society - Response to the Presidential Commission for the Study of Bioethical Issues | 196 | 1,059 | null |
Article: International Neuroinformatics Coordinating Facility. The International Neuroinformatics Coordinating Facility (INCF) is an international non-profit organization with the mission to develop, evaluate, and endorse standards and best practices that embrace the principles of Open, FAIR, and Citable neuroscience. ... | Wikipedia - International Neuroinformatics Coordinating Facility - Summary | 311 | 1,707 | null |
Section: Background. A key element to successfully understanding the nervous system is the integration of neuroscience with information sciences. The field that studies the nervous system, neuroscience, has responded to the fantastic challenge of understanding how our brain works with the use of the most sophisticated ... | Wikipedia - International Neuroinformatics Coordinating Facility - Background | 195 | 1,107 | null |
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