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Section: Technology. The company has expanded its Emotion AI technology to detect more than facial expressions, reactions and emotions. Affectiva's software detects complex and nuanced emotions, cognitive states, such as drowsiness and distraction, certain activities and the objects people use. It does that by analyzin... | Wikipedia - Affectiva - Technology | 327 | 1,712 | null |
Section: Technology > Applications > Media analytics. Affectiva's technology was first deployed in media analytics, for market research purposes. The company had since then tested more than 53,000 ads in 90 countries. Brands, advertising agencies and insights firms used the company's Emotion AI to measure the unfiltere... | Wikipedia - Affectiva - Technology > Applications > Media analytics | 222 | 1,099 | null |
Section: Technology > Applications > Automotive. On March 21, 2018, Affectiva launched Affectiva Automotive AI, the first multi-modal in-cabin sensing solution to understand what is happening with people in a vehicle. It used cameras in the car to measure in real time, the state of the driver, the state of the occupant... | Wikipedia - Affectiva - Technology > Applications > Automotive | 243 | 1,253 | null |
Article: Artificial empathy. Artificial empathy or computational empathy is the development of AI systems—such as companion robots or virtual agents—that can detect emotions and respond to them in an empathic way. Although such technology can be perceived as scary or threatening, it could also have a significant advant... | Wikipedia - Artificial empathy - Summary | 272 | 1,260 | null |
Section: Examples of artificial empathy research and practice > Streams of artificial empathy research. Artificial empathy has been applied in various research disciplines, including artificial intelligence and business. Two main streams of research in this domain are: the use of nonhuman models to predict a person's i... | Wikipedia - Artificial empathy - Examples of artificial empathy research and practice > Streams of artificial empathy research | 222 | 1,116 | null |
Section: Artificial empathy and human services. Although artificial intelligence cannot yet replace social workers themselves, the technology has been deployed in that field. Florida State University published a study about Artificial Intelligence being used in the human services field. The research used computer algor... | Wikipedia - Artificial empathy - Artificial empathy and human services | 243 | 1,377 | null |
Section: History. In 2006, a first W3C Incubator Group, the Emotion Incubator Group (EmoXG), was set up "to investigate a language to represent the emotional states of users and the emotional states simulated by user interfaces" with the final Report published on 10 July 2007. In 2007, the Emotion Markup Language Incub... | Wikipedia - Emotion Markup Language - History | 331 | 1,485 | null |
Section: Reasons for defining an emotion markup language. A standard for an emotion markup language would be useful for the following purposes: To enhance computer-mediated human-human or human-machine communication. Emotions are a basic part of human communication and should therefore be taken into account, e.g. in em... | Wikipedia - Emotion Markup Language - Reasons for defining an emotion markup language | 300 | 1,640 | null |
Concrete examples of existing technology that could apply EmotionML include: Opinion mining / sentiment analysis in Web 2.0, to automatically track customer's attitude regarding a product across blogs; Affective monitoring, such as ambient assisted living applications, fear detection for surveillance purposes, or using... | Wikipedia - Emotion Markup Language - Reasons for defining an emotion markup language | 344 | 1,885 | null |
Section: The challenge of defining a generally usable emotion markup language. Any attempt to standardize the description of emotions using a finite set of fixed descriptors is doomed to failure, as there is no consensus on the number of relevant emotions, on the names that should be given to them or how else best to d... | Wikipedia - Emotion Markup Language - The challenge of defining a generally usable emotion markup language | 308 | 1,593 | null |
Section: Human. Humans show a great deal of variability in their abilities to recognize emotion. A key point to keep in mind when learning about automated emotion recognition is that there are several sources of "ground truth", or truth about what the real emotion is. Suppose we are trying to recognize the emotions of ... | Wikipedia - Emotion recognition - Human | 289 | 1,399 | null |
Section: Automatic > Approaches > Knowledge-based techniques. Knowledge-based techniques (sometimes referred to as lexicon-based techniques), utilize domain knowledge and the semantic and syntactic characteristics of text and potentially spoken language in order to detect certain emotion types. In this approach, it is ... | Wikipedia - Emotion recognition - Automatic > Approaches > Knowledge-based techniques | 264 | 1,418 | null |
Section: Automatic > Approaches > Statistical methods. Statistical methods commonly involve the use of different supervised machine learning algorithms in which a large set of annotated data is fed into the algorithms for the system to learn and predict the appropriate emotion types. Machine learning algorithms general... | Wikipedia - Emotion recognition - Automatic > Approaches > Statistical methods | 227 | 1,238 | null |
Section: Automatic > Approaches > Hybrid approaches. Hybrid approaches in emotion recognition are essentially a combination of knowledge-based techniques and statistical methods, which exploit complementary characteristics from both techniques. Some of the works that have applied an ensemble of knowledge-driven linguis... | Wikipedia - Emotion recognition - Automatic > Approaches > Hybrid approaches | 156 | 969 | null |
Section: Automatic > Datasets. Data is an integral part of the existing approaches in emotion recognition and in most cases it is a challenge to obtain annotated data that is necessary to train machine learning algorithms. For the task of classifying different emotion types from multimodal sources in the form of texts,... | Wikipedia - Emotion recognition - Automatic > Datasets | 348 | 1,727 | null |
MELD provides conversations in video format and hence suitable for multimodal emotion recognition and sentiment analysis. MELD is useful for multimodal sentiment analysis and emotion recognition, dialogue systems and emotion recognition in conversations. MuSe: provides audiovisual recordings of natural interactions bet... | Wikipedia - Emotion recognition - Automatic > Datasets | 219 | 1,081 | null |
Section: Automatic > Applications. Emotion recognition is used in society for a variety of reasons. Affectiva, which spun out of MIT, provides artificial intelligence software that makes it more efficient to do tasks previously done manually by people, mainly to gather facial expression and vocal expression information... | Wikipedia - Emotion recognition - Automatic > Applications | 310 | 1,766 | null |
Researchers examining protests, where negative affect such as anger is expected, have therefore developed their own models to more accurately study expressions of negativity and violence in democratic processes. A patent Archived 7 October 2019 at the Wayback Machine filed by Snapchat in 2015 describes a method of extr... | Wikipedia - Emotion recognition - Automatic > Applications | 298 | 1,722 | null |
Article: Emotion-sensitive software. Emotion-sensitive software (ESS) is software specifically designed to target and monitor emotional response in a human being. Some software measures anger by comparing the pitch of a voice to a regular, or calm, pitch. Another approach is the measurement of physical appearance. If a... | Wikipedia - Emotion-sensitive software - Summary | 279 | 1,518 | null |
Section: Etymology and usage. The term was coined by Eliezer Yudkowsky, who is best known for popularizing the idea, to discuss superintelligent artificial agents that reliably implement human values. Stuart J. Russell and Peter Norvig's leading artificial intelligence textbook, Artificial Intelligence: A Modern Approa... | Wikipedia - Friendly artificial intelligence - Etymology and usage | 269 | 1,326 | null |
Section: Risks of unfriendly AI. The roots of concern about artificial intelligence are very old. Kevin LaGrandeur showed that the dangers specific to AI can be seen in ancient literature concerning artificial humanoid servants such as the golem, or the proto-robots of Gerbert of Aurillac and Roger Bacon. In those stor... | Wikipedia - Friendly artificial intelligence - Risks of unfriendly AI | 288 | 1,389 | null |
Therefore, it is extremely important that the goals we endow it with, and its entire motivation system, is 'human friendly.' In 2008, Eliezer Yudkowsky called for the creation of "friendly AI" to mitigate existential risk from advanced artificial intelligence. He explains: "The AI does not hate you, nor does it love yo... | Wikipedia - Friendly artificial intelligence - Risks of unfriendly AI | 299 | 1,443 | null |
Section: Coherent extrapolated volition. Yudkowsky advances the Coherent Extrapolated Volition (CEV) model. According to him, our coherent extrapolated volition is "our wish if we knew more, thought faster, were more the people we wished we were, had grown up farther together; where the extrapolation converges rather t... | Wikipedia - Friendly artificial intelligence - Coherent extrapolated volition | 264 | 1,267 | null |
Section: Other approaches. Steve Omohundro has proposed a "scaffolding" approach to AI safety, in which one provably safe AI generation helps build the next provably safe generation. Seth Baum argues that the development of safe, socially beneficial artificial intelligence or artificial general intelligence is a functi... | Wikipedia - Friendly artificial intelligence - Other approaches | 328 | 1,724 | null |
Section: Public policy. James Barrat, author of Our Final Invention, suggested that "a public-private partnership has to be created to bring A.I.-makers together to share ideas about security—something like the International Atomic Energy Agency, but in partnership with corporations." He urges AI researchers to convene... | Wikipedia - Friendly artificial intelligence - Public policy | 221 | 1,183 | null |
Section: Criticism. Some critics believe that both human-level AI and superintelligence are unlikely and that, therefore, friendly AI is unlikely. Writing in The Guardian, Alan Winfield compares human-level artificial intelligence with faster-than-light travel in terms of difficulty and states that while we need to be ... | Wikipedia - Friendly artificial intelligence - Criticism | 323 | 1,551 | null |
Article: Multimodal sentiment analysis. Multimodal sentiment analysis is a technology for traditional text-based sentiment analysis, which includes modalities such as audio and visual data. It can be bimodal, which includes different combinations of two modalities, or trimodal, which incorporates three modalities. With... | Wikipedia - Multimodal sentiment analysis - Summary | 251 | 1,381 | null |
Section: Applications. Similar to text-based sentiment analysis, multimodal sentiment analysis can be applied in the development of different forms of recommender systems such as in the analysis of user-generated videos of movie reviews and general product reviews, to predict the sentiments of customers, and subsequent... | Wikipedia - Multimodal sentiment analysis - Applications | 169 | 975 | null |
Section: Application Areas. openSMILE is used for academic research as well as for commercial applications in order to automatically analyze speech and music signals in real-time. In contrast to automatic speech recognition which extracts the spoken content out of a speech signal, openSMILE is capable of recognizing th... | Wikipedia - OpenSMILE - Application Areas | 175 | 894 | null |
Section: History. The openSMILE project was started in 2008 by Florian Eyben, Martin Wöllmer, and Björn Schuller at the Technical University of Munich within the European Union research project SEMAINE. The goal of the SEMAINE project was to develop a virtual agent with emotional and social intelligence. In this system... | Wikipedia - OpenSMILE - History | 323 | 1,525 | null |
Section: More challenging examples. "I do not dislike cabin cruisers." (Negation handling) "Disliking watercraft is not really my thing." (Negation, inverted word order) "Sometimes I really hate RIBs." (Adverbial modifies the sentiment) "I'd really truly love going out in this weather!" (Possibly sarcastic) "Chris Craf... | Wikipedia - Sentiment analysis - More challenging examples | 269 | 1,115 | null |
Section: Types. A basic task in sentiment analysis is classifying the polarity of a given text at the document, sentence, or feature/aspect level—whether the expressed opinion in a document, a sentence or an entity feature/aspect is positive, negative, or neutral. Advanced, "beyond polarity" sentiment classification lo... | Wikipedia - Sentiment analysis - Types | 256 | 1,328 | null |
This work is at the document level. One can also classify a document's polarity on a multi-way scale, which was attempted by Pang and Snyder among others: Pang and Lee expanded the basic task of classifying a movie review as either positive or negative to predict star ratings on either a 3- or a 4-star scale, while Sny... | Wikipedia - Sentiment analysis - Types | 344 | 1,786 | null |
naive Bayes classifiers as implemented by the NLTK). Whether and how to use a neutral class depends on the nature of the data: if the data is clearly clustered into neutral, negative and positive language, it makes sense to filter the neutral language out and focus on the polarity between positive and negative sentimen... | Wikipedia - Sentiment analysis - Types | 320 | 1,668 | null |
Section: Types > Subjectivity/objectivity identification. This task is commonly defined as classifying a given text (usually a sentence) into one of two classes: objective or subjective. This problem can sometimes be more difficult than polarity classification. The subjectivity of words and phrases may depend on their ... | Wikipedia - Sentiment analysis - Types > Subjectivity/objectivity identification | 339 | 1,784 | null |
Furthermore, three types of attitudes were observed by Liu (2010), 1) positive opinions, 2) neutral opinions, and 3) negative opinions. Example of a subjective sentence: 'We Americans need to elect a president who is mature and who is able to make wise decisions.' This analysis is a classification problem. Each class's... | Wikipedia - Sentiment analysis - Types > Subjectivity/objectivity identification | 346 | 1,830 | null |
Discrepancies in writings. For the text obtained from the Internet, the discrepancies in the writing style of targeted text data involve distinct writing genres and styles. Context-sensitive. Classification may vary based on the subjectiveness or objectiveness of previous and following sentences. Time-sensitive attribu... | Wikipedia - Sentiment analysis - Types > Subjectivity/objectivity identification | 350 | 1,861 | null |
Human errors. Manual annotation task is a meticulous assignment, it require intense concentration to finish. Time-consuming. Manual annotation task is an assiduous work. Riloff (1996) show that a 160 texts cost 8 hours for one annotator to finish. All these mentioned reasons can impact on the efficiency and effectivene... | Wikipedia - Sentiment analysis - Types > Subjectivity/objectivity identification | 322 | 1,653 | null |
According to Liu, the applications of subjective and objective identification have been implemented in business, advertising, sports, and social science. Online review classification: In the business industry, the classifier helps the company better understand the feedbacks on product and reasonings behind the reviews.... | Wikipedia - Sentiment analysis - Types > Subjectivity/objectivity identification | 301 | 1,689 | null |
Section: Types > Feature/aspect-based. It refers to determining the opinions or sentiments expressed on different features or aspects of entities, e.g., of a cell phone, a digital camera, or a bank. A feature or aspect is an attribute or component of an entity, e.g., the screen of a cell phone, the service for a restau... | Wikipedia - Sentiment analysis - Types > Feature/aspect-based | 211 | 1,047 | null |
Section: Types > Intensity ranking. Emotions and sentiments are subjective in nature. The degree of emotions/sentiments expressed in a given text at the document, sentence, or feature/aspect level—to what degree of intensity is expressed in the opinion of a document, a sentence or an entity differs on a case-to-case ba... | Wikipedia - Sentiment analysis - Types > Intensity ranking | 166 | 847 | null |
Section: Methods and features. Existing approaches to sentiment analysis can be grouped into three main categories: knowledge-based techniques, statistical methods, and hybrid approaches. Knowledge-based techniques classify text by affect categories based on the presence of unambiguous affect words such as happy, sad, ... | Wikipedia - Sentiment analysis - Methods and features | 337 | 1,819 | null |
Open source software tools as well as range of free and paid sentiment analysis tools deploy machine learning, statistics, and natural language processing techniques to automate sentiment analysis on large collections of texts, including web pages, online news, internet discussion groups, online reviews, web blogs, and... | Wikipedia - Sentiment analysis - Methods and features | 293 | 1,644 | null |
Section: Evaluation. The accuracy of a sentiment analysis system is, in principle, how well it agrees with human judgments. This is usually measured by variant measures based on precision and recall over the two target categories of negative and positive texts. However, according to research human raters typically only... | Wikipedia - Sentiment analysis - Evaluation | 346 | 1,789 | null |
Section: Web 2.0. The rise of social media such as blogs and social networks has fueled interest in sentiment analysis. With the proliferation of reviews, ratings, recommendations and other forms of online expression, online opinion has turned into a kind of virtual currency for businesses looking to market their produ... | Wikipedia - Sentiment analysis - Web 2.0 | 323 | 1,752 | null |
Even though short text strings might be a problem, sentiment analysis within microblogging has shown that Twitter can be seen as a valid online indicator of political sentiment. Tweets' political sentiment demonstrates close correspondence to parties' and politicians' political positions, indicating that the content of... | Wikipedia - Sentiment analysis - Web 2.0 | 344 | 1,977 | null |
Section: Application in recommender systems. For a recommender system, sentiment analysis has been proven to be a valuable technique. A recommender system aims to predict the preference for an item of a target user. Mainstream recommender systems work on explicit data set. For example, collaborative filtering works on ... | Wikipedia - Sentiment analysis - Application in recommender systems | 346 | 1,784 | null |
There are two types of motivation to recommend a candidate item to a user. The first motivation is the candidate item have numerous common features with the user's preferred items, while the second motivation is that the candidate item receives a high sentiment on its features. For a preferred item, it is reasonable to... | Wikipedia - Sentiment analysis - Application in recommender systems | 327 | 1,712 | null |
Section: Application in recommender systems > Ethical considerations. Issues such as privacy, consent, and bias are crucial since sentiment analysis regularly analyzes personal data without explicit user consent. The potential for misinterpretation and misuse of sentiment data can significantly impact societal norms. F... | Wikipedia - Sentiment analysis - Application in recommender systems > Ethical considerations | 151 | 900 | null |
Section: Uses. The International Federation of Robotics (IFR), a global industry association of robot manufacturers and national robot associations, recognizes two main groups of robots: industrial robots used in automation and service robots for domestic and professional use. Service robots could be considered to be c... | Wikipedia - Cobot - Uses | 339 | 1,859 | null |
Section: History. Cobots were invented in 1996 by J. Edward Colgate and Michael Peshkin, professors at Northwestern University. Their United States patent entitled, "Cobots" describes "an apparatus and method for direct physical interaction between a person and a general purpose manipulator controlled by a computer." T... | Wikipedia - Cobot - History | 333 | 1,687 | null |
Section: Cobot companies. Cobotics, a company founded in 1997 by Colgate and Peshkin, produced several cobot models used in automobile final assembly. These cobots were of IFR type Responsive Collaboration using what is now called "Hand Guided Control". The company was acquired in 2003 by Stanley Assembly Technologies.... | Wikipedia - Cobot - Cobot companies | 345 | 1,602 | null |
FANUC released its first collaborative robot in 2015 - the FANUC CR-35iA (renamed the CR-35iB in 2022) with a heavy 35 kg payload. Since that time FANUC has released a smaller line of collaborative robots including the FANUC CR-4iA, CR-7iA and the CR-7/L long arm version, and also a full line of standard cobots includi... | Wikipedia - Cobot - Cobot companies | 340 | 1,396 | null |
Section: Standards and guidelines. RIA BSR/T15.1, a draft safety standard for Intelligent Assist Devices, was published by the Robotic Industries Association, an industry working group in March 2002. The robot safety standard (ANSI/RIA R15.06 was first published in 1986, after 4 years of development. It was updated wit... | Wikipedia - Cobot - Standards and guidelines | 344 | 1,624 | null |
Article: Personal robot. A personal robot is one whose human interface and design make it useful for individuals. This is by contrast to industrial robots which are generally configured and operated by robotics specialists. A personal robot is one that enables an individual to automate the repetitive or menial part of ... | Wikipedia - Personal robot - Summary | 163 | 931 | null |
Section: Toys. Robotic toys, such as the well known Furby, have been popular since 1998. There are also small humanoid remote controlled robots. Electronic pets, such as robotic dogs, can be good companions. They have also been used by many universities in competitions such as the RoboCup. There are many different kind... | Wikipedia - Personal robot - Toys | 229 | 1,136 | null |
Section: Social robots. Social robots take on the function of social communication. Domestic humanoid robots are used by elderly and immobilized residents to keep them company. Wakamaru is a domestic humanoid robot developed in Japan. Its function is to act as a care taker. Wakamaru has a number of operations and “can ... | Wikipedia - Personal robot - Social robots | 223 | 1,100 | null |
Article: Smart toy. A smart toy is an interactive artificially intelligent toy which effectively has its own intelligence by virtue of on-board electronics. These enable it to learn, behave according to preset patterns, and alter its actions depending upon environmental stimuli and user input. Typically, it can adjust ... | Wikipedia - Smart toy - Summary | 240 | 1,171 | null |
Section: History. Smart toys have their early roots in clockworks such as those of the eighteenth and nineteenth century cuckoo clocks, music boxes of the nineteenth, and Disney audio-animatronics of the twentieth. Perhaps the biggest early contribution is from novelty and toy makers from the 1800s who made automatons ... | Wikipedia - Smart toy - History | 349 | 1,626 | null |
Even the earliest toys, from the nineteenth century on, have in common with their modern-day smart toy counterparts that they appear to be sentient and lifelike, at least to the extent possible using the technology available at the time. Contemporary smart toys utilize speech recognition and activation; that is, they a... | Wikipedia - Smart toy - History | 335 | 1,676 | null |
Section: Controversies. Widespread commercialization of smart toys is mainly a 21st-century phenomenon. As they have gained acceptance in the marketplace, controversy has been brewing. One of the chief criticisms has been that despite often being technical marvels, many smart toys have only limited play value. In short... | Wikipedia - Smart toy - Controversies | 310 | 1,527 | null |
For example, a cardboard box that the child turns into a pretend play house will be played with continuously by the child for many hours whereas an expensive smart toy can quickly exhaust the child's interest once its novelty has worn off. Jillian Trezise typifies the attitude often taken by child development specialis... | Wikipedia - Smart toy - Controversies | 335 | 1,714 | null |
Section: Industry. Market research company GfK Australia found that parents are spending record amounts on electronic and interactive toys. Mark Allen states that the greatest impediment to the further growth of the smart toy industry is the lack of development of artificial intelligence and speech recognition. At thei... | Wikipedia - Smart toy - Industry | 307 | 1,606 | null |
Section: Selection criteria. The issue of balance is often mentioned in connection with smart toys—namely, that their use should be kept in proportion with other play activities. They should also be age appropriate and not become a substitute for interaction with parents. Playing with smart toys should be a supplement,... | Wikipedia - Smart toy - Selection criteria | 310 | 1,466 | null |
So kids don't develop their imaginations." In her view, simpler toys are preferable, because they are more flexible. From a designer of smart toy's viewpoint, this means that in order to achieve simplicity technologies need to be combined so as to render a very naturalistic user interface within the limits of other des... | Wikipedia - Smart toy - Selection criteria | 310 | 1,671 | null |
Section: In popular culture. Smart toys are a relatively new but growing theme in popular culture, most notably (but not always) in the horror fiction genre. Notable examples include the Black Mirror episode "Rachel, Jack and Ashley Too", which features a smart toy modelled after a famous fictional pop idol, the 2022 f... | Wikipedia - Smart toy - In popular culture | 235 | 1,089 | null |
Section: Background. While robots have often been described as possessing social qualities (see for example the tortoises developed by William Grey Walter in the 1950s), social robotics is a fairly recent branch of robotics. Since the 1990s, artificial intelligence and robotics researchers have developed robots which e... | Wikipedia - Social robot - Background | 308 | 1,753 | null |
Section: Definition. A robot is defined in the International Standard of Organization as a reprogrammable, multifunctional manipulator designed to move material, parts, tools or specialized devices through variable programmed motions for performance of a variety of tasks. As a subset of robots, social robots perform an... | Wikipedia - Social robot - Definition | 332 | 1,736 | null |
The usefulness to apply these requirements in a real-world application, especially in the case of Asimov's laws, is still disputed and may not be possible at all). However, a consequence of this viewpoint is that a robot that only interacts and communicates with other robots would not be considered to be a social robot... | Wikipedia - Social robot - Definition | 254 | 1,340 | null |
Section: Social interaction. Researches have investigated user engagement with a robot companion. Literature present different models regarding this concern. An example is a framework that models both causes and effects of engagement: features related to the user's non-verbal behaviour, the task and the companion's aff... | Wikipedia - Social robot - Social interaction | 219 | 1,212 | null |
Section: Uses in healthcare. Social robots have been used increasingly in healthcare settings and recent research has been exploring the applicability of social robots as mental health interventions for children. A scoping review analyzed the impacts that robots such as Nao, Paro, Huggable, Tega and Pleo have on childr... | Wikipedia - Social robot - Uses in healthcare | 317 | 1,760 | null |
There is some evidence that supports that free play with a robot while hospitalized can help children experience more positive moods. More work needs to be done to analyze the impact of social robots on children in psychiatric wards, as evidence revealed that some children may dislike the robot and feel it is dangerous... | Wikipedia - Social robot - Uses in healthcare | 329 | 1,761 | null |
In their study, Moro et al. (2018) utilized 3 social robots types—a human-like robot, Casper; a character-like Robot, The Ed robot; and a tablet—to help six individuals with Mild Cognitive Impairment make a cup of tea. Results demonstrated that, to an extent, the humanoid robot was most engaging to individuals with cog... | Wikipedia - Social robot - Uses in healthcare | 339 | 1,689 | null |
One of the main issues with utilizing Paro, despite its perceived benefits, is the cost—future research must investigate more cost effective options for older adult care. Another issue of conducting research between individuals with cognitive impairments and social robots is their ability to consent. In some cases, inf... | Wikipedia - Social robot - Uses in healthcare | 344 | 1,878 | null |
One potential risk of social robots is deception—there may be an expectation that the robot can perform certain functions when it actually cannot. For example, with increased human-likeness and anthropomorphic traits, humans interacting with robots might assume the robot to have feelings and thoughts, which is misleadi... | Wikipedia - Social robot - Uses in healthcare | 309 | 1,728 | null |
Section: Presence in the workplace. The presence of social robots within the workplace makes a difference in the daily work lives of the employees. Due to the robot's advanced technological knowledge, they are able to contribute and assist in completing tasks and contributing to the overall diversity of the work itself... | Wikipedia - Social robot - Presence in the workplace | 255 | 1,423 | null |
Section: Examples. One of the most well-known social robots currently in development is Sophia, developed by Hanson Robotics. Sophia is a social humanoid robot that can display more than 50 facial expressions, and is the first non-human to be given a United Nations title. Tesla, Inc. has developed a commercially availa... | Wikipedia - Social robot - Examples | 258 | 1,253 | null |
Article: Media Lab Europe's social robots. Joe Robot and Anthropos were social robots at Media Lab Europe. They were developed to aid in research on anthropomorphism and to explore the illusion of life and intelligence during the development of a meaningful social interaction between artificial systems and people. As a... | Wikipedia - Media Lab Europe's social robots - Summary | 158 | 815 | null |
Article: BINA48. BINA48 (Breakthrough Intelligence via Neural Architecture 48*) is a robotic face combined with chatbot functionalities, enabling simple conversation facilities. BINA48 is owned by Martine Rothblatt's Terasem Movement. It was developed by Hanson Robotics and released in 2010. Its physical appearance is ... | Wikipedia - BINA48 - Summary | 165 | 807 | null |
Section: History. In 2007, Martine Rothblatt commissioned Hanson Robotics to create a robot using her wife, Bina Aspen Rothblatt, as the template. David Hanson created BINA48 in his Plano, Texas, laboratory. The robot is currently housed in Vermont, at the offices of the Terasem Movement Foundation (TMF), and is mainta... | Wikipedia - BINA48 - History | 308 | 1,357 | null |
At the March 2012 South by Southwest Interactive Conference, BINA48 became the first robotic panelist to appear at a conference on technology and artificial intelligence. Also in 2012, it appeared as a guest on stern TV, a German analogue of CBS's "60 Minutes." In August 2013, it was interviewed in the third episode ("... | Wikipedia - BINA48 - History | 350 | 1,490 | null |
In 2017, BINA48 was featured in the music video for the Jay-Z song 4:44. In 2020, artist Sasha Stiles based an exhibition (A Valentine for the Future/Ars Poetica Cybernetica) on her conversations with BINA48. William Barry incorporated living educational theory into BINA48's software, allowing it to become the first ro... | Wikipedia - BINA48 - History | 238 | 1,051 | null |
Article: Cog (project). Cog was a project at the Humanoid Robotics Group of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. It was based on the hypothesis that human-level intelligence requires gaining experience from interacting with humans, like human infants do. This in turn required many interactions with humans over a ... | Wikipedia - Cog (project) - Summary | 151 | 798 | null |
Section: Justification. One motivation for making humanoid robots can be understood in the book Philosophy in the Flesh by Mark Johnson and George Lakoff. They argue that the contents of human thoughts are to some degree dependent on the physical structure of our brains. By constructing artificial intelligence systems ... | Wikipedia - Cog (project) - Justification | 160 | 909 | null |
Section: Design and features. Furhat consists of a 3D-printed humanoid bust with a translucent mask. Facial expressions are back-projected onto this mask, allowing for the robot to change personas and emotional expressions without mechanical actuators. Apart from communicating through facial expressions, head movements... | Wikipedia - Furhat - Design and features | 275 | 1,431 | null |
Section: Software and integration. Furhat is used for prototype and application development, researchers and developers are able to update Furhat's code to test out verbal and non-verbal features. Furhat robot operates using a modular software platform supported by an official Software Development Kit (SDK) and develop... | Wikipedia - Furhat - Software and integration | 226 | 1,117 | null |
Section: Applications. Furhat featured at Bucharest Tech Week 2019 as an interactive guide for visitors in a multilingual public exhibition setting. It has been used as a museum guide, for concierge services, and in other public engagement contexts. Furhat has also been incorporated in healthcare trials, with applicati... | Wikipedia - Furhat - Applications | 217 | 1,139 | null |
Section: Named deployments. Several Furhat-based robots have been used in applied settings. Examples include: Tengai – Developed with the Swedish recruitment firm TNG, Tengai is a Furhat-based robot used in structured interview settings to reduce bias. It uses the Furhat platform but has a distinct personality and dial... | Wikipedia - Furhat - Named deployments | 236 | 1,209 | null |
Section: Public reception. Furhat uses facial projection and conversational AI to support more natural and expressive interactions between robots and people. The robot can maintain eye contact, support multiple languages and display a range of facial expressions. Furhat has limited mechanical abilities (for example, la... | Wikipedia - Furhat - Public reception | 174 | 953 | null |
Section: In popular culture. Furhat has been featured in various media and demonstration settings that lean into popular culture. In one research study, the robot was programmed to display the face of former U.S. President Barack Obama as part of an experiment on non-verbal behavior. Furhat was featured as the central ... | Wikipedia - Furhat - In popular culture | 283 | 1,428 | null |
Section: Software system > Low-level feature extraction system. This system processes raw visual and auditory information from cameras and microphones. Kismet's vision system can perform eye detection, motion detection and, albeit controversial, skin-color detection. Whenever Kismet moves its head, it momentarily disab... | Wikipedia - Kismet (robot) - Software system > Low-level feature extraction system | 295 | 1,475 | null |
Section: Software system > Motivation system. Dr. Breazeal figures her relations with the robot as 'something like an infant-caretaker interaction, where I'm the caretaker essentially, and the robot is like an infant'. The overview sets the human-robot relation within a frame of learning, with Dr. Breazeal providing th... | Wikipedia - Kismet (robot) - Software system > Motivation system | 205 | 858 | null |
Article: Knightscope. Knightscope, Inc. is an American security camera and robotics company headquartered in Mountain View, California. Knightscope designs, builds and deploys robots called Autonomous Data Robots (ADRs) for use in monitoring people in malls, parking lots, neighborhoods and other public areas. Knightsco... | Wikipedia - Knightscope - Summary | 260 | 1,430 | null |
Section: History. Knightscope was co-founded in 2013 by William Santana Li and Stacy Stephens. Li was previously an executive at Ford, and Stacy Stephens was a former police officer in Dallas, Texas. The founders stated that they decided to create security robots after the Sandy Hook shooting in 2012. Knightscope says ... | Wikipedia - Knightscope - History | 328 | 1,614 | null |
Section: Models > K5. The K5 model is a bullet-shaped robot that stands about 5 feet tall. It has twin panels of lights about two-thirds of the way up its body. There is also a small silver-colored flag of the United States on the left side of its body. The K5 patrols and charges autonomously and detects crime using a ... | Wikipedia - Knightscope - Models > K5 | 157 | 740 | null |
Section: Reception > Results. Knightscope autonomous machines are designed to supplement human security teams by alerting them to suspicious activity, rather than directly intervening. Clients who have used Knightscope robots have generally reported lower crime rates in the areas the robots patrolled, primarily through... | Wikipedia - Knightscope - Reception > Results | 325 | 1,734 | null |
Section: Reception > Privacy. The possibility of a K5 being used in public places has led to concerns with privacy. The K5 can take pictures and videos of people without any notification. It can also monitor conversations and social media feeds. Some do not trust the K5's ability to recognize the actual suspects. Jeram... | Wikipedia - Knightscope - Reception > Privacy | 213 | 1,064 | null |
Section: Reception > Incidents. In July 2016, a Knightscope K5 which was deployed at the Stanford Shopping Center in Palo Alto, CA collided with a 16-month-old toddler, bruising the child's leg and running over the child's foot. The Stanford Shopping center responded by docking all of its K5 units, suspending any furth... | Wikipedia - Knightscope - Reception > Incidents | 318 | 1,523 | null |
A spokesperson of SPCA stated that the robot was effective at significantly reducing vandalism and petty crime in the area; however, amid accusations that SPCA was using the robot to deter nearby homeless encampments, the SPCA discontinued the contract. An SPCA spokesperson denied that the purpose of the robot was to d... | Wikipedia - Knightscope - Reception > Incidents | 168 | 818 | null |
Article: Kobian. Kobian is a robot created by scientists at Waseda University in Japan. It is capable of displaying expressions of emotion and was developed to realize culture-specific greetings. It can also simulate human speech including the movement of the lips and the oscillations of the head. Kobian is based on th... | Wikipedia - Kobian - Summary | 274 | 1,265 | null |
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