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JSON→URL implements the JSON data model:, with support for the following data types Number: a signed decimal number that may contain a fractional part and may use exponential E notation, but cannot include non-numbers such as NaN. The format makes no distinction between integer and floating-point. Boolean: either of th... | Wikipedia - JSON→URL | null | null | null |
Otherwise, they need not be quoted. Characters which are not valid in a URL must be percent encoded. | Wikipedia - JSON→URL | null | null | null |
Space is encoded as + or %20. Array: an ordered list of one or more values, each of which may be of any type. Arrays use parentheses notation with comma-separated elements. | Wikipedia - JSON→URL | null | null | null |
Object: a collection of one or more name–value pairs where the names (also called keys) are strings. Objects are intended to represent associative arrays, where each key is unique within an object. Objects are delimited with parentheses and use commas to separate each pair, while within each pair the colon character se... | Wikipedia - JSON→URL | null | null | null |
Ja'far al-Sadiq narrates from his fathers that Muhammad, in one of his sermons expressed that " sent to people messengers so they might be His conclusive argument against His creatures and so His messengers to them might be witnesses against them. He sent among them prophets bearing good tidings and warning. " Tabataba... | Wikipedia - Twelver Shiism | null | null | null |
JaSkel is a Java-based skeleton framework providing skeletons such as farm, pipe and heartbeat. Skeletons are specialized using inheritance. Programmers implement the abstract methods for each skeleton to provide their application specific code. | Wikipedia - Algorithmic Skeletons | null | null | null |
Skeletons in JaSkel are provided in both sequential, concurrent and dynamic versions. For example, the concurrent farm can be used in shared memory environments (threads), but not in distributed environments (clusters) where the distributed farm should be used. To change from one version to the other, programmers must ... | Wikipedia - Algorithmic Skeletons | null | null | null |
The nesting of skeletons uses the basic Java Object class, and therefore no type system is enforced during the skeleton composition. The distribution aspects of the computation are handled in JaSkel using AOP, more specifically the AspectJ implementation. Thus, JaSkel can be deployed on both cluster and Grid like infra... | Wikipedia - Algorithmic Skeletons | null | null | null |
Nevertheless, a drawback of the JaSkel approach is that the nesting of the skeleton strictly relates to the deployment infrastructure. Thus, a double nesting of farm yields a better performance than a single farm on hierarchical infrastructures. This defeats the purpose of using AOP to separate the distribution and fun... | Wikipedia - Algorithmic Skeletons | null | null | null |
Jaakko Hintikka puts the view that a useful explication of the notion of existence is in the words "one can find," implicitly in some world or universe of discourse. | Wikipedia - Eleatic principle | null | null | null |
Jabil is involved in design engineering services. The company has industrial design services that concentrate on designing the look and feel of enclosures for printed circuit board assemblies and systems. Jabil's mechanical design services include dimensional design and analysis of electronic and optical assemblies. Co... | Wikipedia - Jabil Circuit | null | null | null |
Jablonka, E., Lamb, M.J., (2014). Evolution in Four Dimensions, revised edition: Genetic, Epigenetic, Behavioral, and Symbolic Variation in the History of Life. MIT Press. Gould, S. J.; Vrba, E. S. | Wikipedia - Cumulative culture | null | null | null |
(1982). "Exaptation – a missing term in the science of form". Paleobiology. | Wikipedia - Cumulative culture | null | null | null |
8 (8): 4–15. doi:10.1017/S0094837300004310. S2CID 86436132. | Wikipedia - Cumulative culture | null | null | null |
Jacak has been a member of the PHENIX Collaboration since the detector was first proposed. She served on the Detector Council from 1992-1994 and the Executive Council from 1994-2006. In December 2006 she was elected as spokesperson of PHENIX. She served as spokesperson for two consecutive terms, stepping down at the en... | Wikipedia - Barbara Jacak | null | null | null |
Under her leadership as spokesperson, PHENIX published over 60 papers in peer-reviewed journals and graduated over 90 Ph.D. 's from institutions around the world. She oversaw the successful installation of three major detector upgrades, as well as several smaller upgrades. | Wikipedia - Barbara Jacak | null | null | null |
Jacak started her career at Michigan State University, where she completed her Ph.D. in chemical physics in 1984 working at the National Superconducting Cyclotron Laboratory (NSCL). She began working at Los Alamos National Laboratory in 1984 as a J.R. Oppenheimer Fellow. | Wikipedia - Barbara Jacak | null | null | null |
She became a laboratory staff member in 1987, continuing until 1996. During her time at Los Alamos, she also taught as an adjunct associate professor at the University of New Mexico, from 1994–1996. In 1997 she joined Stony Brook University to lead the Relativistic Heavy Ion Group, affiliated with the PHENIX experiment... | Wikipedia - Barbara Jacak | null | null | null |
Jack Scantlin of Scantlin Electronics, Inc. (SEI) developed the Quotron I system, consisting of a magnetic tape storage unit that could be sited at a brokerage and Desk Units with a keyboard and printer. The storage unit recorded the data from the ticker line. Brokers could enter the stock symbol on a desk unit. This t... | Wikipedia - Stock market data systems | null | null | null |
When a transaction was located, the price was sent to the desk unit, which printed it on a tape. The first Quotron units were installed in 1960, and were an immediate success. By the end of 1961 brokers were leasing Quotrons in some 800 offices, serving some 2,500 desk units across the United States. | Wikipedia - Stock market data systems | null | null | null |
Jack Williamson's novelette "With Folded Hands" (1947), later rewritten as the novel The Humanoids, deals with robot servants whose prime directive is "To Serve and Obey, And Guard Men From Harm". While Asimov's robotic laws are meant to protect humans from harm, the robots in Williamson's story have taken these instru... | Wikipedia - Three Laws of Robotics | null | null | null |
Jack chain – Jacking gear – JIC fitting – Joule – the SI unit of energy, which uses the symbol J. It is equal to the amount of work done when a force of 1 newton displaces a mass through a distance of 1 metre in the direction of the force applied. It is also the energy dissipated as heat when an electric current of one... | Wikipedia - Glossary of mechanical engineering | null | null | null |
Jack rafter – Jackscrew – Jetty – Joinery – Jointing – Joist – | Wikipedia - Glossary of structural engineering | null | null | null |
Jackett and McDougall constructed the variable γ n {\displaystyle \gamma ^{n}\,} using the data in the "Levitus dataset". As this dataset consists of measurements of S and T at 33 standard depth levels at a 1° resolution, the solution of (2) for such a large dataset would be computationally very expensive. Therefore, t... | Wikipedia - Neutral Density | null | null | null |
Jackknifing (jackknife cross-validation), is used in statistical inference to estimate the bias and standard error (variance) of a statistic, when a random sample of observations is used to calculate it. Historically, this method preceded the invention of the bootstrap with Quenouille inventing this method in 1949 and ... | Wikipedia - Randomization test | null | null | null |
Quenouille invented this method with the intention of reducing the bias of the sample estimate. Tukey extended this method by assuming that if the replicates could be considered identically and independently distributed, then an estimate of the variance of the sample parameter could be made and that it would be approxi... | Wikipedia - Randomization test | null | null | null |
From this new set of replicates of the statistic, an estimate for the bias and an estimate for the variance of the statistic can be calculated. Instead of using the jackknife to estimate the variance, it may instead be applied to the log of the variance. This transformation may result in better estimates particularly w... | Wikipedia - Randomization test | null | null | null |
For many statistical parameters the jackknife estimate of variance tends asymptotically to the true value almost surely. In technical terms one says that the jackknife estimate is consistent. The jackknife is consistent for the sample means, sample variances, central and non-central t-statistics (with possibly non-norm... | Wikipedia - Randomization test | null | null | null |
It is not consistent for the sample median. In the case of a unimodal variate the ratio of the jackknife variance to the sample variance tends to be distributed as one half the square of a chi square distribution with two degrees of freedom. The jackknife, like the original bootstrap, is dependent on the independence o... | Wikipedia - Randomization test | null | null | null |
Extensions of the jackknife to allow for dependence in the data have been proposed. Another extension is the delete-a-group method used in association with Poisson sampling. Jackknife is equivalent to the random (subsampling) leave-one-out cross-validation, it only differs in the goal. | Wikipedia - Randomization test | null | null | null |
Jackson, John D. (1998). Classical Electrodynamics (3rd ed.). Wiley. | Wikipedia - Electromagnetic wave equation | null | null | null |
ISBN 0-471-30932-X. Landau, L. D., The Classical Theory of Fields (Course of Theoretical Physics: Volume 2), (Butterworth-Heinemann: Oxford, 1987). ISBN 0-08-018176-7. | Wikipedia - Electromagnetic wave equation | null | null | null |
Maxwell, James C. (1954). A Treatise on Electricity and Magnetism. | Wikipedia - Electromagnetic wave equation | null | null | null |
Dover. ISBN 0-486-60637-6. Charles W. Misner, Kip S. Thorne, John Archibald Wheeler, Gravitation, (1970) W.H. Freeman, New York; ISBN 0-7167-0344-0. (Provides a treatment of Maxwell's equations in terms of differential forms.) | Wikipedia - Electromagnetic wave equation | null | null | null |
Jackstone calculi are rare bladder stones that have an appearance resembling toy jacks. They are almost always composed of calcium oxalate dihydrate and consist of a dense central core and radiating spicules. They are typically light brown with dark patches and are usually formed in the urinary bladder and rarely in th... | Wikipedia - Bladder stone | null | null | null |
Jacobi identity 1. Carl Gustav Jacob Jacobi (1804 – 1851), a German mathematician. 2. Given a binary operation : V 2 → V {\displaystyle :V^{2}\to V} , the Jacobi identity states: , z] + , x] + , y] = 0. | Wikipedia - Glossary of Lie groups and Lie algebras | null | null | null |
Jacobian 1. The Jacobian variety of a curve 2. A Jacobian curve; see below Jacobian curve The locus of double points of curves of a net. | Wikipedia - Glossary of classical algebraic geometry | null | null | null |
(Semple & Roth 1949, p.115) Jacobian set The set of free double points of a pencil of curves. (Semple & Roth 1949, p.119) Jacobian system The linear system generated by Jacobian curves. (Semple & Roth 1949, p.117) join The join of two linear spaces is the smallest linear space containing both of them. | Wikipedia - Glossary of classical algebraic geometry | null | null | null |
Jacobson specializes in combinatorics and in particular graph theory. He has published more than 140 mathematical papers on topics including Ramsey theory, Hamiltonian graphs, domination in graphs and extremal graph theory. He has had over 70 collaborators including Kenneth Bogart, Stefan Burr, Gary Chartrand, Guantao ... | Wikipedia - Michael Scott Jacobson | null | null | null |
Jacobus Naveros -- Jayanta Bhatta -- Jingle-jangle fallacies -- John Corcoran (logician) -- John W. Dawson, Jr -- Journal of Applied Non-Classical Logics -- Journal of Automated Reasoning -- Journal of Logic, Language and Information -- Journal of Logic and Computation -- Journal of Mathematical Logic -- Journal of Phi... | Wikipedia - Index of logic articles | null | null | null |
Jacquelin Perry (1992). Gait Analysis: Normal and Pathological Function. Thorofare, New Jersey: SLACK Incorporated. ISBN 978-1-55642-192-1. | Wikipedia - Gait Analysis: Normal and Pathological Function | null | null | null |
(2010) 2nd edition. Thorofare, New Jersey: SLACK Incorporated. ISBN 978-1-55642-766-4. | Wikipedia - Gait Analysis: Normal and Pathological Function | null | null | null |
Jacques Benveniste was a French immunologist who in 1988 published a paper in the prestigious scientific journal Nature describing the action of very high dilutions of anti-IgE antibody on the degranulation of human basophils, findings which seemed to support the concept of homeopathy. Biologists were puzzled by Benven... | Wikipedia - Pathological science | null | null | null |
Jacques Benveniste, a French immunologist, published a paper in the prestigious scientific journal Nature describing the action of very high dilutions of anti-IgE antibody on the degranulation of human basophils. Biologists were puzzled by Benveniste's results, as only molecules of water, and no molecules of the origin... | Wikipedia - Benveniste affair | null | null | null |
Jacques Noels, formerly the head of Nokia Consumer Electronics, replaced Pesatori as CEO in January 1993. Pesatori meanwhile left to helm Digital Equipment Corporation's PC-compatible systems division. Under Noels' leadership, ZDS launched several new products, including the Z-Lite 425L, an upgraded version of their su... | Wikipedia - Zenith Data Systems | null | null | null |
The Z-Select 100 was powered by a 25-MHz i486SX processor and featured 4 MB of RAM and a 170-MB hard drive. ZDS touted the power-saving capabilities of the Z-Select 100, including its idle power consumption of 60 watts and advanced power management capabilities, including user-definable time intervals on which the comp... | Wikipedia - Zenith Data Systems | null | null | null |
As part of the acquisition, ZDS agreed to provide Packard Bell with rebadged versions of its notebook and subnotebook PCs, eventually manufacturing for them the Packard Bell Statesman, released in October 1993. The two companies also agreed to collaborate on the design and production of future desktop PCs. ZDS reported... | Wikipedia - Zenith Data Systems | null | null | null |
The number of units shipped also increased, with a rise of 89 percent in the US and 62 percent worldwide. ZDS by this point counted seven major distributors on its roster and had sales networks in over 30 countries. : 564 In 1994, ZDS unveiled the Z-Stor line of wide area network products. | Wikipedia - Zenith Data Systems | null | null | null |
The flagship product in the lineup was the Z-Stor Personal Server, a file server co-developed by the Desktop Workgroup Computing Initiative, a joint venture between ZDS and Novell. : 565: 133 ZDS in 1994 also introduced the Z-Station 500, a desktop workstation, and the Z-Noteflex, a new line of notebooks. : 565 The Z-S... | Wikipedia - Zenith Data Systems | null | null | null |
: 565 The Z-Noteflex meanwhile was designed to be modular, allowing users to swap the top housing of the laptop to switch between different display technologies (passive-matrix monochrome, passive-matrix color, and active-matrix, TFT color) and remove hard disk drives toollessly. The Z-Noteflex also possessed an intern... | Wikipedia - Zenith Data Systems | null | null | null |
ZDS' annual sales revenues of roughly $1 billion made up around 40 percent of their Groupe Bull's total hardware revenues, according to a statement issued by the company. Furthermore, ZDS revenues were equally divided between North American and European markets, as well as between desktop and notebook products. : 565 | Wikipedia - Zenith Data Systems | null | null | null |
Jade is formed from two different stones: jadeite and nephrite. Jadeite (sodium aluminium silicate) has interlocking granular crystals, while nephrite (calcium magnesium silicate) has crystals that are interwoven and fibrous. Jadeite is mostly found in Myanmar, while nephrite is found in Europe, British Columbia, Austr... | Wikipedia - Pounamu | null | null | null |
Jade, also called jade green, is a representation of the color of the gemstone called jade, although the stone itself varies widely in hue. The color name jade green was first used in Spanish in the form piedra de ijada in 1569. The first recorded use of jade green as a color name in English was in 1892. | Wikipedia - Green pigment | null | null | null |
Jaeger, Cook, and Zimmerman (2008). Fundamentals of Rock Mechanics. Blackwell Publishing. ISBN 9780632057597. | Wikipedia - Geomechanics | null | null | null |
{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)Chandramouli, P.N. (2014). Continuum Mechanics. Yes Dee Publishing Pvt Ltd. ISBN 9789380381398. | Wikipedia - Geomechanics | null | null | null |
Jain literature covered multiple topics of mathematics around 150 AD including the theory of numbers, arithmetical operations, geometry, operations with fractions, simple equations, cubic equations, bi-quadric equations, permutations, combinations and logarithms. | Wikipedia - Jain text | null | null | null |
Jainism classifies life into two main divisions those who are static by nature (sthavar) and those who are mobile (trasa).Jain texts describes life in plant long before Jagdish Chandra Bose proved that plants have life. In the Jain philosophy the plant lives are termed as 'Vanaspatikaya' | Wikipedia - Relationship between religion and science | null | null | null |
Jainism made its own unique contribution to this mainstream development of logic by also occupying itself with the basic epistemological issues, namely, with those concerning the nature of knowledge, how knowledge is derived, and in what way knowledge can be said to be reliable. Jain logic developed and flourished from... | Wikipedia - Indian logic | null | null | null |
The Jains have doctrines of relativity used for logic and reasoning: Anekāntavāda – the theory of relative pluralism or manifoldness; Syādvāda – the theory of conditioned predication and; Nayavāda – The theory of partial standpoints.These Jain philosophical concepts made most important contributions to the ancient Indi... | Wikipedia - Indian logic | null | null | null |
His works include Ṣaḍdarśanasamuccaya and Yogabindu. Aacharya Hemacandra (1089–1172 CE) - a Jaina thinker, author, historian, grammarian and logician. His works include Yogaśāstra and Trishashthi Shalaka Purusha charitra. | Wikipedia - Indian logic | null | null | null |
Mahopadhya Yaśovijayaji (1624–88 CE) – Jain logician and considered as intellectual giant to contribute to Jaina philosophy. Acharya Mahapragya (1920–2010 CE);– Jain logician and considered as intellectual giant and encyclopedia to contribute to Jaina philosophy. The Eminent Scholar of Philosophy, Dr. Daya Krishna has ... | Wikipedia - Indian logic | null | null | null |
His Book "New Dimensions in Jaina Logic" is the one of the best work on the subject in modern era. Acharya Mahapragya is known for his enlightening discourses. | Wikipedia - Indian logic | null | null | null |
In 1975, he was specially invited to deliver a series of nine lectures on Jain Logic at the University of Rajasthan at Jaipur. The University published these lectures in the form of a book entitled ‘Jain Nyay Ka Vikas’. His books on the subjects mainly include ‘Jain Darshan-Mannan aur Mimansa’, ‘Jain Dharma Aur Sanskri... | Wikipedia - Indian logic | null | null | null |
Jakob Bernays was a German philosopher who wrote books about Aristotle's views of drama in 1857 and 1880. These prompted a lot of writing about catharsis in the German speaking world. In this environment, Austrian psychiatrist Josef Breuer developed a cathartic method of treatment using hypnosis for persons who have in... | Wikipedia - Cathartic method | null | null | null |
Breuer became a mentor to fellow Austrian psychiatrist Sigmund Freud (who was married to Bernays' niece). Breuer and Freud released the book Studies on Hysteria in 1895. This book explained the cathartic method to the world, and was the first published work about psychoanalysis.The injured person's reaction to the trau... | Wikipedia - Cathartic method | null | null | null |
But language serves as a substitute for action; by its help, an affect can be 'abreacted' almost as effectively.As Freud developed psychoanalysis, catharsis remained a central part of it. After trying hypnotherapy and finding it wanting, Freud replaced it with free association. Catharsis has remained an important part ... | Wikipedia - Cathartic method | null | null | null |
James A. Shapiro argues that a superset of these examples should be classified as natural genetic engineering and are sufficient to falsify the central dogma. While Shapiro has received a respectful hearing for his view, his critics have not been convinced that his reading of the central dogma is in line with what Cric... | Wikipedia - Central dogma of molecular biology | null | null | null |
James Anthony Froude recalled his first impression of Carlyle:He was then fifty-four years old; tall (about five feet eleven), thin, but at that time upright, with no signs of the later stoop. His body was angular, his face beardless, such as it is represented in Woolner's medallion, which is by far the best likeness o... | Wikipedia - Logic Spectacles | null | null | null |
The face was altogether most striking, most impressive in every way.He was often recognised by his wideawake hat.Carlyle was a renowned conversationalist. Ralph Waldo Emerson described him as "an immense talker, as extraordinary in his conversation as in his writing,—I think even more so." Charles Darwin considered him... | Wikipedia - Logic Spectacles | null | null | null |
William Lecky noted his "singularly musical voice" which "quite took away anything grotesque in the very strong Scotch accent" and "gave it a softening or charm". Henry Fielding Dickens recollected that he was "gifted with a high sense of humour, and when he laughed he did so heartily, throwing his head back and lettin... | Wikipedia - Logic Spectacles | null | null | null |
Lady Eastlake called it "the best laugh I ever heard".Charles Eliot Norton wrote that Carlyle's "essential nature was solitary in its strength, its sincerity, its tenderness, its nobility. He was nearer Dante than any other man." | Wikipedia - Logic Spectacles | null | null | null |
Frederic Harrison similarly observed that "Carlyle walked about London like Dante in the streets of Verona, gnawing his own heart and dreaming dreams of Inferno. To both the passers-by might have said, See! there goes the man who has seen hell". | Wikipedia - Logic Spectacles | null | null | null |
Higginson rather felt that Jean Paul's humorous character Siebenkäs "came nearer to the actual Carlyle than most of the grave portraitures yet executed", for, like Siebenkäs, Carlyle was "a satirical improvisatore". Emerson saw Carlyle as "not mainly a scholar," but "a practical Scotchman, such as you would find in any... | Wikipedia - Logic Spectacles | null | null | null |
James Bamford, Body of Secrets: Anatomy of the Ultra-Secret National Security Agency, Doubleday; 1st edition (April 24, 2001) ISBN 978-0-385-49907-1 Anchor; Reprint edition (April 30, 2002) ISBN 978-0-385-49908-8 Bamford, James (2002), Body of Secrets: How America's NSA & Britain's GCHQ Eavesdrop On The World (New ed. ... | Wikipedia - Body of Secrets | null | null | null |
James C. Becker and Daniel Henry Gottlieb, A History of Duality in Algebraic Topology | Wikipedia - Duality (mathematics) | null | null | null |
James Clerk Maxwell derived a wave form of the electric and magnetic equations, thus uncovering the wave-like nature of electric and magnetic fields and their symmetry. Because the speed of EM waves predicted by the wave equation coincided with the measured speed of light, Maxwell concluded that light itself is an EM w... | Wikipedia - Electromagnetic emission | null | null | null |
James Clerk Maxwell imagined one container divided into two parts, A and B. Both parts are filled with the same gas at equal temperatures and placed next to each other, separated by a wall. Observing the molecules on both sides, an imaginary demon guards a microscopic trapdoor in the wall. When a faster-than-average mo... | Wikipedia - Second principle of thermodynamics | null | null | null |
James Dixon, then chief technology officer at Pentaho, coined the term by 2011 to contrast it with data mart, which is a smaller repository of interesting attributes derived from raw data. In promoting data lakes, he argued that data marts have several inherent problems, such as information siloing. PricewaterhouseCoop... | Wikipedia - Data lakehouse | null | null | null |
James Dodson's pioneering work on the long term insurance contracts under which the same premium is charged each year led to the formation of the Society for Equitable Assurances on Lives and Survivorship (now commonly known as Equitable Life) in London in 1762. William Morgan is often considered the father of modern a... | Wikipedia - Actuarial Mathematics | null | null | null |
Equitable Life was the first to use the word "actuary" for its chief executive officer in 1762. Previously, "actuary" meant an official who recorded the decisions, or "acts", of ecclesiastical courts. Other companies that did not use such mathematical and scientific methods most often failed or were forced to adopt the... | Wikipedia - Actuarial Mathematics | null | null | null |
James Kelly (1966; Trickett, 1984) developed an ecological analogy used to understand the ways in which settings and individuals are interrelated. Unlike the ecological framework developed by Bronfenbrenner (1979), the focus of Kelly's framework was not so much on how different levels of the environment may impact on t... | Wikipedia - Community psychology | null | null | null |
On the environmental side of adaption, we can imagine various situations involving the family, such as the birth of a child, new job of a parent, or when children attend college and move away from home; in all of these instances the environment adapted as necessary to the changes in its members succession: every settin... | Wikipedia - Community psychology | null | null | null |
James Lepowsky and Robert Lee Wilson were the first to prove Rogers–Ramanujan identities using completely representation-theoretic techniques. They proved these identities using level 3 modules for the affine Lie algebra s l 2 ^ {\displaystyle {\widehat {{\mathfrak {sl}}_{2}}}} . In the course of this proof they invent... | Wikipedia - Rogers–Ramanujan identities | null | null | null |
James Lovelock argued that the Viking mission would have done better to examine the Martian atmosphere than look at the soil. He theorised that all life tends to expel waste gases into the atmosphere, and as such it would be possible to theorise the existence of life on a planet by detecting an atmosphere that was not ... | Wikipedia - Viking lander biological experiments | null | null | null |
Although in 2013 the Curiosity rover failed to detect methane at its location in levels exceeding 1.3ppb. later in 2013 and in 2014, measurements by Curiosity did detect methane, suggesting a time-variable source. The ExoMars Trace Gas Orbiter, launched in March 2016, implements this approach and will focus on detectio... | Wikipedia - Viking lander biological experiments | null | null | null |
The Mars Orbiter Mission is also attempting —since late 2014— to detect and map methane on Mars' atmosphere. A press commentary argued that, if there was life at the Viking lander sites, it may have been killed by the exhaust from the landing rockets. That is not a problem for missions which land via an airbag-protecte... | Wikipedia - Viking lander biological experiments | null | null | null |
James O'Connor argues for a "second contradiction" of underproduction, to complement Marx's "first" contradiction of capital and labor. While the second contradiction is often considered a theory of environmental degradation, O'Connor's theory in fact goes much further. Building on the work of Karl Polanyi, along with ... | Wikipedia - Eco-socialism | null | null | null |
But they also include an adequate public education system, transportation infrastructures, and other services that are not produced directly by capital, but which capital needs in order accumulate effectively. As the conditions of production are exhausted, the costs of production for capital increase. For this reason, ... | Wikipedia - Eco-socialism | null | null | null |
Like Marx's contradiction of capital and labor, the second contradiction therefore threatens the system's existence.In addition, O'Connor believes that, in order to remedy environmental contradictions, the capitalist system innovates new technologies that overcome existing problems but introduce new ones.O'Connor cites... | Wikipedia - Eco-socialism | null | null | null |
James Ossuary Jehoash Inscription Ivory pomegranate The pieces discovered in 2005-2006 in Iruña-Veleia | Wikipedia - Archaeological forgery | null | null | null |
James Park articulated the no-cloning theorem. | Wikipedia - Timeline of quantum computing and communication | null | null | null |
James W. Cannon was born on January 30, 1943, in Bellefonte, Pennsylvania. Cannon received a Ph.D. in Mathematics from the University of Utah in 1969, under the direction of C. Edmund Burgess. He was a professor at the University of Wisconsin, Madison from 1977 to 1985. | Wikipedia - James W. Cannon | null | null | null |
In 1986 Cannon was appointed an Orson Pratt Professor of Mathematics at Brigham Young University. He held this position until his retirement in September 2012.Cannon gave an AMS Invited address at the meeting of the American Mathematical Society in Seattle in August 1977, an invited address at the International Congres... | Wikipedia - James W. Cannon | null | null | null |
James Watt did not invent the steam engine, nor were his ideas on steam engine power inspired by a kettle lid pressured open by steam. Watt improved upon the already commercially successful Newcomen atmospheric engine (invented in 1712) in the 1760s and 1770s, making certain improvements critical to its future usage, p... | Wikipedia - Historical myth | null | null | null |
He died peacefully in his own bed in 1814. Thomas Crapper did not invent the flush toilet. A forerunner of the modern toilet was invented by the Elizabethan courtier Sir John Harington in the 16th century, and in 1775 the Scottish mechanic Alexander Cumming developed and patented a design for a toilet with an S-trap an... | Wikipedia - Historical myth | null | null | null |
Crapper, however, did much to increase the popularity of the flush toilet and introduced several innovations in the late 19th century, holding nine patents, including one for the floating ballcock. The word crap is also not derived from his name (see the Words, phrases and languages section above). Thomas Edison did no... | Wikipedia - Historical myth | null | null | null |
He did, however, develop the first practical light bulb in 1880 (employing a carbonized bamboo filament), shortly prior to Joseph Swan, who invented an even more efficient bulb in 1881 (which used a cellulose filament). Henry Ford did not invent either the automobile or the assembly line. He did improve the assembly li... | Wikipedia - Historical myth | null | null | null |
Karl Benz (co-founder of Mercedes-Benz) is credited with the invention of the first modern automobile, and the assembly line has existed throughout history. Al Gore never said that he had "invented" the Internet. What Gore actually said was, "During my service in the United States Congress, I took the initiative in cre... | Wikipedia - Historical myth | null | null | null |
James Watt's research in pneumatic chemistry involved the use of inflammable (H2) and dephlogisticated (O2) airs to create water. In 1783, James Watt showed that water was composed of inflammable and dephlogisticated airs, and that the masses of gases before combustion were exactly equal to the mass of water after comb... | Wikipedia - Pneumatic chemistry | null | null | null |
James and Dewey were empirical thinkers in the most straightforward fashion: experience is the ultimate test and experience is what needs to be explained. They were dissatisfied with ordinary empiricism because, in the tradition dating from Hume, empiricists had a tendency to think of experience as nothing more than in... | Wikipedia - Conceptual pragmatism | null | null | null |
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