text stringlengths 14 4.79k | source stringlengths 13 304 | tokens float64 75 1.06k ⌀ | char_length float64 106 4.79k ⌀ | article_title stringlengths 16 300 ⌀ |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Kurt Gödel showed how to find explicit examples of statements in formal systems that are provable in that system but whose shortest proof is absurdly long. For example, the statement: "This statement cannot be proved in Peano arithmetic in less than a googolplex symbols"is provable in Peano arithmetic but the shortest ... | Wikipedia - List of long mathematical proofs | null | null | null |
Harvey Friedman found some explicit natural examples of this phenomenon, giving some explicit statements in Peano arithmetic and other formal systems whose shortest proofs are ridiculously long (Smoryński 1982). For example, the statement "there is an integer n such that if there is a sequence of rooted trees T1, T2, .... | Wikipedia - List of long mathematical proofs | null | null | null |
Kurt Gödel's work involving many-valued logic showed in 1932 that intuitionistic logic is not a finite-valued logic. (See the section titled Heyting algebra semantics above for an infinite-valued logic interpretation of intuitionistic logic.) | Wikipedia - Intuitionistic propositional calculus | null | null | null |
Kurtoxin is a protein containing 63 amino acid residues with a mass of 7386.1 daltons. Its formula is C324H478N94O90S8. It can be isolated from the venom of Parabuthus transvaalicus by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Kurtoxin is closely related to α-scorpion toxins, a family of toxins that slow inactivat... | Wikipedia - Kurtoxin | null | null | null |
Kurzweil says Alan Turing's 1950 paper Computing Machinery and Intelligence launched the field of artificial intelligence. He admits that early progress in the field led to wild predictions of future successes which did not materialize. Kurzweil feels intelligence is the "ability to use optimally limited resources" to ... | Wikipedia - The Age of Spiritual Machines | null | null | null |
A neuron either fires or not "reducing the babble of its inputs to a single bit". He also greatly admires genetic algorithms which mimic biological evolution to great effect. Recursion, neural nets and genetic algorithms are all components of intelligent machines, Kurzweil explains. | Wikipedia - The Age of Spiritual Machines | null | null | null |
Beyond algorithms Kurzweil says the machines will also need knowledge. The emergent techniques, neural nets and genetic algorithms, require significant training effort above and beyond creating the initial machinery. While hand-coded knowledge is tedious and brittle acquiring knowledge through language is extremely com... | Wikipedia - The Age of Spiritual Machines | null | null | null |
Kurzweil says revolutions in genetics, nanotechnology and robotics will usher in the beginning of the singularity. Kurzweil feels with sufficient genetic technology it should be possible to maintain the body indefinitely, reversing aging while curing cancer, heart disease and other illnesses. Much of this will be possi... | Wikipedia - The Singularity Is Near | null | null | null |
Finally, the revolution in robotics will really be the development of strong AI, defined as machines which have human-level intelligence or greater. This development will be the most important of the century, "comparable in importance to the development of biology itself".Kurzweil concedes that every technology carries... | Wikipedia - The Singularity Is Near | null | null | null |
Kurzweil was working with the Army Science Board in 2006 to develop a rapid response system to deal with the possible abuse of biotechnology. He suggested that the same technologies that are empowering us to reprogram biology away from cancer and heart disease could be used by a bioterrorist to reprogram a biological v... | Wikipedia - KurzweilAI | null | null | null |
"Nanotech Could Give Global Warming a Big Chill".In media appearances, Kurzweil has stressed the extreme potential dangers of nanotechnology but argues that in practice, progress cannot be stopped because that would require a totalitarian system, and any attempt to do so would drive dangerous technologies underground a... | Wikipedia - KurzweilAI | null | null | null |
Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG): a bioinformatics database containing information on genes, proteins, reactions, and pathways. The ‘KEGG Organisms’ section, which is divided into eukaryotes and prokaryotes, encompasses many organisms for which gene and DNA information can be searched by typing in the enz... | Wikipedia - Metabolic network modelling | null | null | null |
The EcoCyc database can serve as a paradigm and model for any reconstruction. Additionally, MetaCyc, an encyclopedia of experimentally defined metabolic pathways and enzymes, contains 2,100 metabolic pathways and 11,400 metabolic reactions (Oct 2013). ENZYME: An enzyme nomenclature database (part of the ExPASy proteono... | Wikipedia - Metabolic network modelling | null | null | null |
After searching for a particular enzyme on the database, this resource gives you the reaction that is catalyzed. ENZYME has direct links to other gene/enzyme/literature databases such as KEGG, BRENDA, and PUBMED. | Wikipedia - Metabolic network modelling | null | null | null |
BRENDA: A comprehensive enzyme database that allows for an enzyme to be searched by name, EC number, or organism. BiGG: A knowledge base of biochemically, genetically, and genomically structured genome-scale metabolic network reconstructions. metaTIGER: Is a collection of metabolic profiles and phylogenomic information... | Wikipedia - Metabolic network modelling | null | null | null |
Kálmán, Rudolf – Kando, Kálmán – Keith, Nathaniel S. – Kennelly, Arthur E. – Kettering, Charles – Kilby, Jack – Knoll, Max – Kolmogorov, Andrey – Kraus, John D. – Kroemer, Herbert-- Krylov, Nikolay Mitrofanovich – | Wikipedia - Index of electrical engineering articles | null | null | null |
Kähler differential The module of Kähler differentials of a ring is the universal module with a derivation from the ring to it. Kleinian integer The Kleinian integers are the integers of the imaginary quadratic field of discriminant −7. Koszul complex The Koszul complex is a free resolution constructed from a regular s... | Wikipedia - Embedding dimension | null | null | null |
Kähler manifold Calabi–Yau manifold Stein manifold Hodge theory Hodge cycle Hodge conjecture Algebraic geometry and analytic geometry Mirror symmetry | Wikipedia - List of algebraic geometry topics | null | null | null |
Künneth theorem De Rham cohomology Obstruction theory Characteristic class Chern class Chern–Simons form Pontryagin class Pontryagin number Stiefel–Whitney class Poincaré conjecture Cohomology operation Steenrod algebra Bott periodicity theorem K-theory Topological K-theory Adams operation Algebraic K-theory Whitehead ... | Wikipedia - List of algebraic topology topics | null | null | null |
L 1 {\displaystyle L_{1}} diversity For all finite A ⊆ R n {\displaystyle A\subseteq \mathbb {R} ^{n}} if we define δ ( A ) = ∑ i max a , b { | a i − b i |: a , b ∈ A } {\displaystyle \delta (A)=\sum _{i}\max _{a,b}\left\{\left|a_{i}-b_{i}\right|\colon a,b\in A\right\}} then ( R n , δ ) {\displaystyle (\mathbb {R} ^{n}... | Wikipedia - Diversity (mathematics) | null | null | null |
L X f = X ⋅ ∇ f {\displaystyle {\mathcal {L}}_{X}f=X\cdot \nabla f} ( 0 {\displaystyle 0} -forms ) L X α = ( ∇ X α ♯ ) ♭ + g ( α ♯ , ∇ X ) {\displaystyle {\mathcal {L}}_{X}\alpha =(\nabla _{X}\alpha ^{\sharp })^{\flat }+g(\alpha ^{\sharp },\nabla X)} ( 1 {\displaystyle 1} -forms ) ⋆ L X β = ( ∇ X B − ∇ B X + ( div X ) ... | Wikipedia - Exterior calculus identities | null | null | null |
L represents: length, used often in quantum mechanics as the size of an infinite square well angular momentum the unit of volume the litre the radiance the space of all integrable real (or complex) functions the space of linear maps, as in L(E,F) or L(E) = End(E) the likelihood function a formal language the lag operat... | Wikipedia - List of mathematical uses of Latin letters | null | null | null |
L – quisqualic acid is a glutamate receptor agonist, acting at AMPA receptors and metabotropic glutamate receptors positively linked to phosphoinositide hydrolysis. It sensitizes neurons in hippocampus to depolarization by L-AP6.Being a 3, 5 disubstituted oxadiazole, quisqualic acid is a stable compound.One way of synt... | Wikipedia - Quisqualic acid | null | null | null |
L-Lactic acid is the primary endogenous agonist of hydroxycarboxylic acid receptor 1 (HCA1), a Gi/o-coupled G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR). | Wikipedia - Lactic acid | null | null | null |
L-Malic acid is the naturally occurring form, whereas a mixture of L- and D-malic acid is produced synthetically. Malate plays an important role in biochemistry. In the C4 carbon fixation process, malate is a source of CO2 in the Calvin cycle. In the citric acid cycle, (S)-malate is an intermediate, formed by the addit... | Wikipedia - Malic Acid | null | null | null |
It can also be formed from pyruvate via anaplerotic reactions. Malate is also synthesized by the carboxylation of phosphoenolpyruvate in the guard cells of plant leaves. Malate, as a double anion, often accompanies potassium cations during the uptake of solutes into the guard cells in order to maintain electrical balan... | Wikipedia - Malic Acid | null | null | null |
L-Phenylalanine is biologically converted into L-tyrosine, another one of the DNA-encoded amino acids, and beta-phenethylamine. L-tyrosine in turn is converted into L-DOPA, which is further converted into dopamine, norepinephrine (noradrenaline), and epinephrine (adrenaline). The latter three are known as the catechola... | Wikipedia - Nutritional neuroscience | null | null | null |
L-Phenylalanine is biologically converted into L-tyrosine, another one of the DNA-encoded amino acids. L-tyrosine in turn is converted into L-DOPA, which is further converted into dopamine, norepinephrine (noradrenaline), and epinephrine (adrenaline). The latter three are known as the catecholamines. | Wikipedia - Phenylalanine | null | null | null |
Phenylalanine uses the same active transport channel as tryptophan to cross the blood–brain barrier. In excessive quantities, supplementation can interfere with the production of serotonin and other aromatic amino acids as well as nitric oxide due to the overuse (eventually, limited availability) of the associated cofa... | Wikipedia - Phenylalanine | null | null | null |
L-amino-acid alpha-ligase - L-ornithine N5 monooxygenase - lambda - Lamprin - Laser capture microdissection - latarcin - leucine zipper - leukemia - leukotriene-B4 20-monooxygenase - library - licodione synthase - ligase - linear epitope - linkage - linker protein - linoleate diol synthase - lipofectin - lipopolysaccha... | Wikipedia - Index of molecular biology articles | null | null | null |
L-moment law of large numbers (LLN) A theorem according to which the average of the results obtained from performing the same experiment a large number of times should be close to the experiment's expected value, and tends to become closer to the expected value as more trials are performed. The law suggests that a suff... | Wikipedia - Glossary of probability and statistics | null | null | null |
L-theory the K-theory of quadratic forms. Large deviations theory part of probability theory studying events of small probability (tail events). Large sample theory also known as asymptotic theory Lattice theory the study of lattices, being important in order theory and universal algebra Lie algebra theory Lie group th... | Wikipedia - Glossary of areas of mathematics | null | null | null |
It has applications in fields such as abstract algebra and functional analysis; it can be represented in analytic geometry and it is generalized in operator theory and in module theory. Sometimes matrix theory is considered a branch, although linear algebra is restricted to only finite dimensions. | Wikipedia - Glossary of areas of mathematics | null | null | null |
Extensions of the methods used belong to multilinear algebra. Linear functional analysis Linear programming a method to achieve the best outcome (such as maximum profit or lowest cost) in a mathematical model whose requirements are represented by linear relationships. List of graphical methods Included are diagram tech... | Wikipedia - Glossary of areas of mathematics | null | null | null |
Local algebra a term sometimes applied to the theory of local rings. Local class field theory the study of abelian extensions of local fields. Low-dimensional topology the branch of topology that studies manifolds, or more generally topological spaces, of four or fewer dimensions. | Wikipedia - Glossary of areas of mathematics | null | null | null |
L-type calcium channel Lamellar structure Lamellipodium Lead (leg) Lecithin Lee Spetner Leslie Barnett Ligand-gated ion channel Light-gated ion channel Lignocellulosic biomass Limitations of animal running speed Linus Pauling Lipid-anchored protein Lipid bilayer Lipid bilayer characterization Lipid bilayer fusion Lipid... | Wikipedia - Index of biophysics articles | null | null | null |
L. Beklemishev, "Provability algebras and proof-theoretic ordinals, I". Annals of Pure and Applied Logic 128 (2004), pp. 103–123. L. Beklemishev, J. Joosten and M. Vervoort, "A finitary treatment of the closed fragment of Japaridze's provability logic". | Wikipedia - Japaridze's polymodal logic | null | null | null |
Journal of Logic and Computation 15 (2005), No 4, pp. 447–463. L. Beklemishev, "Kripke semantics for provability logic GLP". | Wikipedia - Japaridze's polymodal logic | null | null | null |
Annals of Pure and Applied Logic 161, 756–774 (2010). L. Beklemishev, G. Bezhanishvili and T. Icar, "On topological models of GLP". Ways of proof theory, Ontos Mathematical Logic, 2, eds. | Wikipedia - Japaridze's polymodal logic | null | null | null |
R. Schindler, Ontos Verlag, Frankfurt, 2010, pp. 133–153. L. Beklemishev, "On the Craig interpolation and the fixed point properties of GLP". | Wikipedia - Japaridze's polymodal logic | null | null | null |
Proofs, Categories and Computations. S. Feferman et al., eds., College Publications 2010. pp. 49–60. | Wikipedia - Japaridze's polymodal logic | null | null | null |
L. Beklemishev, "Ordinal completeness of bimodal provability logic GLB". Lecture Notes in Computer Science 6618 (2011), pp. 1–15. | Wikipedia - Japaridze's polymodal logic | null | null | null |
L. Beklemishev, "A simplified proof of arithmetical completeness theorem for provability logic GLP". Proceedings of the Steklov Institute of Mathematics 274 (2011), pp. 25–33. | Wikipedia - Japaridze's polymodal logic | null | null | null |
L. Beklemishev and D. Gabelaia, "Topological completeness of provability logic GLP". Annals of Pure and Applied Logic 164 (2013), pp. 1201–1223. | Wikipedia - Japaridze's polymodal logic | null | null | null |
G. Boolos, "The analytical completeness of Japaridze's polymodal logics". Annals of Pure and Applied Logic 61 (1993), pp. 95–111. | Wikipedia - Japaridze's polymodal logic | null | null | null |
G. Boolos, The Logic of Provability Cambridge University Press, 1993. E.V. Dashkov, "On the positive fragment of the polymodal provability logic GLP". | Wikipedia - Japaridze's polymodal logic | null | null | null |
Mathematical Notes 2012; 91:318–333. D. Fernandez-Duque and J.Joosten, "Well-orders in the transfinite Japaridze algebra". Logic Journal of the IGPL 22 (2014), pp. | Wikipedia - Japaridze's polymodal logic | null | null | null |
933–963. G. Japaridze, "The polymodal logic of provability". Intensional Logics and Logical Structure of Theories. | Wikipedia - Japaridze's polymodal logic | null | null | null |
Metsniereba, Tbilisi, 1988, pp. 16–48 (Russian). F. Pakhomov, "On the complexity of the closed fragment of Japaridze's provability logic". | Wikipedia - Japaridze's polymodal logic | null | null | null |
Archive for Mathematical Logic 53 (2014), pp. 949–967. | Wikipedia - Japaridze's polymodal logic | null | null | null |
D.S. Shamkanov, "Interpolation properties for provability logics GL and GLP". | Wikipedia - Japaridze's polymodal logic | null | null | null |
Proceedings of the Steklov Institute of Mathematics 274 (2011), pp. 303–316. I. Shapirovsky, "PSPACE-decidability of Japaridze's polymodal logic". | Wikipedia - Japaridze's polymodal logic | null | null | null |
Advances in Modal Logic 7 (2008), pp. 289–304. == References == | Wikipedia - Japaridze's polymodal logic | null | null | null |
L. D. Landau, E. M. Lifshitz (1976). Mechanics. Vol. 1 (3rd ed.). | Wikipedia - Lev Landau | null | null | null |
Butterworth–Heinemann. ISBN 978-0-7506-2896-9. L. D. Landau; E. M. Lifshitz (1975). | Wikipedia - Lev Landau | null | null | null |
The Classical Theory of Fields. Vol. 2 (4th ed.). | Wikipedia - Lev Landau | null | null | null |
Butterworth–Heinemann. ISBN 978-0-7506-2768-9. L. D. Landau; E. M. Lifshitz (1977). | Wikipedia - Lev Landau | null | null | null |
Quantum Mechanics: Non-Relativistic Theory. Vol. 3 (3rd ed.). | Wikipedia - Lev Landau | null | null | null |
Pergamon Press. ISBN 978-0-08-020940-1. — 2nd ed. | Wikipedia - Lev Landau | null | null | null |
(1965) at archive.org V. B. Berestetskii; E. M. Lifshitz; L. P. Pitaevskii (1982). Quantum Electrodynamics. Vol. | Wikipedia - Lev Landau | null | null | null |
4 (2nd ed.). Butterworth–Heinemann. ISBN 978-0-7506-3371-0. | Wikipedia - Lev Landau | null | null | null |
L. D. Landau; E. M. Lifshitz (1980). Statistical Physics, Part 1. Vol. | Wikipedia - Lev Landau | null | null | null |
5 (3rd ed.). Butterworth–Heinemann. ISBN 978-0-7506-3372-7. | Wikipedia - Lev Landau | null | null | null |
L. D. Landau; E. M. Lifshitz (1987). Fluid Mechanics. Vol. | Wikipedia - Lev Landau | null | null | null |
6 (2nd ed.). Butterworth–Heinemann. ISBN 978-0-08-033933-7. | Wikipedia - Lev Landau | null | null | null |
L. D. Landau; E. M. Lifshitz (1986). Theory of Elasticity. Vol. | Wikipedia - Lev Landau | null | null | null |
7 (3rd ed.). Butterworth–Heinemann. ISBN 978-0-7506-2633-0. | Wikipedia - Lev Landau | null | null | null |
L. D. Landau; E. M. Lifshitz; L. P. Pitaevskii (1984). Electrodynamics of Continuous Media. Vol. | Wikipedia - Lev Landau | null | null | null |
8 (2nd ed.). Butterworth–Heinemann. ISBN 978-0-7506-2634-7. | Wikipedia - Lev Landau | null | null | null |
L. P. Pitaevskii; E. M. Lifshitz (1980). Statistical Physics, Part 2. Vol. | Wikipedia - Lev Landau | null | null | null |
9 (1st ed.). Butterworth–Heinemann. ISBN 978-0-7506-2636-1. | Wikipedia - Lev Landau | null | null | null |
L. P. Pitaevskii; E. M. Lifshitz (1981). Physical Kinetics. Vol. | Wikipedia - Lev Landau | null | null | null |
10 (1st ed.). Pergamon Press. ISBN 978-0-7506-2635-4.Landau and Lifshitz suggested in the third volume of the Course of Theoretical Physics that the then-standard periodic table had a mistake in it, and that lutetium should be regarded as a d-block rather than an f-block element. Their suggestion was fully vindicated b... | Wikipedia - Lev Landau | null | null | null |
L. K. Doraiswamy, 2005, "Estimation of properties of organic compounds (Ch. 3)," pp. 36–51, 118-124 (refs. ), in Organic Synthesis Engineering, Oxford, Oxon, ENG:Oxford University Press, ISBN 0198025696, accessed 22 June 2015. | Wikipedia - Physical organic | null | null | null |
(This book chapter surveys a very wide range of physical properties and their estimation, including the narrow list of thermochemical properties appearing in the June 2015 WP article, placing the Benson et al. method alongside many other methods. L. K. Doraiswamy is Anson Marston Distinguished Professor of Engineering ... | Wikipedia - Physical organic | null | null | null |
(1998). "Computational Thermochemistry". In Irikura, Karl K.; Frurip, David J. | Wikipedia - Physical organic | null | null | null |
(eds.). Computational Thermochemistry: Prediction and Estimation of Molecular Thermodynamics. ACS Symposium Series. | Wikipedia - Physical organic | null | null | null |
Vol. 677. American Chemical Society. | Wikipedia - Physical organic | null | null | null |
pp. 2–18. doi:10.1021/bk-1998-0677.ch001. ISBN 978-0-8412-3533-5. | Wikipedia - Physical organic | null | null | null |
L. M. Kachanov and Y. N. Rabotnov suggested the following evolution equations for the creep strain ε and a lumped damage state variable ω: ϵ ˙ = ϵ ˙ 0 ( σ 1 − ω ) n {\displaystyle {\dot {\epsilon }}={\dot {\epsilon }}_{0}\left({\frac {\sigma }{1-\omega }}\right)^{n}} ω ˙ = ω ˙ 0 ( σ 1 − ω ) m {\displaystyle {\dot {\ome... | Wikipedia - Damage mechanics | null | null | null |
The time to failure is determined by integrating the damage evolution equation from an initial undamaged state ( ω = 0 ) {\displaystyle (\omega =0)} to a specified critical damage ( ω = ω f ) {\displaystyle \left(\omega =\omega _{f}\right)} . If ω f {\displaystyle \omega _{f}} is taken to be 1, this results in the foll... | Wikipedia - Damage mechanics | null | null | null |
L. acidophilus is a homofermentative anaerobic microorganism, meaning it only produces lactic acid as an end product of fermentation; and that it can only ferment hexoses (not pentoses) by way of the EMP pathway (glycolysis). L. acidophilus has a slower growth time in milk than when in a host due to limited available n... | Wikipedia - Lactobacillus acidophilus | null | null | null |
L. interrogans cells are gram-negative, tightly coiled, motile spirochetes, with two periplasmic flagella. One flagellum is inserted at each end of the bacterium. The cells are thin, about 0.15 µm, and long, between 6-20 µm, with a corkscrew shaped body with spiral or hooked ends. | Wikipedia - Leptospira interrogans | null | null | null |
The hooked ends often resemble a question mark, and this is where the name ‘interrogans’ comes from. The periplasmic flagella are crucial to the bacteria's ability to move and survive in specific host cells. The leptospires reveal two unique forms of movement, translational and non translational. | Wikipedia - Leptospira interrogans | null | null | null |
L. interrogans displays neutralophilic properties, growing in a pH range of 7.2 - 7.6, with an optimal pH of 7.4. The bacteria also display mesophilic growth properties and grow at a temperature range of 28 °C to 30 °C. The optimal growth of the obligate aerobe L. interrogans occurs in simple media containing vitamins,... | Wikipedia - Leptospira interrogans | null | null | null |
Through naturally occurring phase interfaces or its growth media, L. interrogans must physically obtain the long chain fatty acids in order to further metabolize them as an energy source. Unique to the metabolic characteristics of L. interrogans, long chain unsaturated fatty acids are required for the bacterium to grow... | Wikipedia - Leptospira interrogans | null | null | null |
L. interrogans ATP production comes through oxidative phosphorylation. Oxygen serves as the terminal electron acceptor in this beta-oxidation, further classifying this bacterium as an obligate aerobe. Evidence has also shown that peroxides such as H2O2 can also serve as a terminal electron acceptor, with catalase activ... | Wikipedia - Leptospira interrogans | null | null | null |
L1-PCA has also been extended for the analysis of tensor data, in the form of L1-Tucker, the L1-norm robust analogous of standard Tucker decomposition. Two algorithms for the solution of L1-Tucker are L1-HOSVD and L1-HOOI. | Wikipedia - L1-norm principal component analysis | null | null | null |
L1-PCA has also been generalized to process complex data. For complex L1-PCA, two efficient algorithms were proposed in 2018. | Wikipedia - L1-norm principal component analysis | null | null | null |
L2 clusters 17-bit UniPro L1.5 symbols into packet-like data frames (the term packet is reserved for L3). These data frames start with a 17-bit start-of-frame control symbol, followed by up to 288 bytes of data (144 data symbols) and followed by an end-of-frame control symbol and a checksum. Note that two or more of th... | Wikipedia - UniPro protocol stack | null | null | null |
L2CAP is used within the Bluetooth protocol stack. It passes packets to either the Host Controller Interface (HCI) or, on a hostless system, directly to the Link Manager/ACL link. L2CAP's functions include: Multiplexing data between different higher layer protocols. Segmentation and reassembly of packets. | Wikipedia - Host Controller Interface (Bluetooth) | null | null | null |
Providing one-way transmission management of multicast data to a group of other Bluetooth devices. Quality of service (QoS) management for higher layer protocols.L2CAP is used to communicate over the host ACL link. Its connection is established after the ACL link has been set up. | Wikipedia - Host Controller Interface (Bluetooth) | null | null | null |
In basic mode, L2CAP provides packets with a payload configurable up to 64 kB, with 672 bytes as the default MTU, and 48 bytes as the minimum mandatory supported MTU. In retransmission and flow control modes, L2CAP can be configured for reliable or asynchronous data per channel by performing retransmissions and CRC che... | Wikipedia - Host Controller Interface (Bluetooth) | null | null | null |
In-order sequencing is guaranteed by the lower layer. The EL2CAP specification adds an additional enhanced retransmission mode (ERTM) to the core specification, which is an improved version of retransmission and flow control modes. ERTM is required when using an AMP (Alternate MAC/PHY), such as 802.11abgn. | Wikipedia - Host Controller Interface (Bluetooth) | null | null | null |
LA is applied in diverse engineering applications that range from network security, text mining, image processing, electrical systems, data mining and many more. Few of the notable applications are discussed here. Networking applications: In WSN, LA is used to solve the cluster head selection problem by determining opt... | Wikipedia - Lion algorithm | null | null | null |
LAAM, or levomethadyl acetate, is the levo isomer of acetylmethadol, or α-methadyl acetate. The dextro isomer, d-alphacetylmethadol (d-α-acetylmethadol), is more potent but shorter acting. The levo isomer is also less toxic with an LD50 in mice of 110 mg/kg s.c. | Wikipedia - Levacetylmethadol | null | null | null |
and 172.8 mg/kg orally as opposed to LD50s of 61 mg/kg s.c. and 118.3 mg/kg orally for dl-α-methadyl acetate. It has a melting point of 215 °C and a molecular weight of 353.50. β-methadyl acetate also exists, however it is more toxic and less active than α-methadyl acetate and has no current medical use. | Wikipedia - Levacetylmethadol | null | null | null |
LAGEOS 1, launched 4 May 1976, NSSDC ID 1976-039A, NORAD number 8820 LAGEOS 2, deployed 23 October 1992 from STS-52, NSSDC ID 1992-070B, NORAD number 22195 | Wikipedia - LAGEOS | null | null | null |
LAH is soluble in many ethereal solutions. However, it may spontaneously decompose due to the presence of catalytic impurities, though, it appears to be more stable in tetrahydrofuran (THF). Thus, THF is preferred over, e.g., diethyl ether, despite the lower solubility. | Wikipedia - LiAlH4 | null | null | null |
LAH is widely used to prepare main group and transition metal hydrides from the corresponding metal halides. LAH also reacts with many inorganic ligands to form coordinated alumina complexes associated with lithium ions. LiAlH4 + 4NH3 → Li + 4H2 | Wikipedia - Lithium aluminum hydride | null | null | null |
Subsets and Splits
No community queries yet
The top public SQL queries from the community will appear here once available.