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Middleware provides all the services and applications necessary for efficient management of datasets and files within the data grid while providing users quick access to the datasets and files. There is a number of concepts and tools that must be available to make a data grid operationally viable. However, at the same ... | Wikipedia - Data Grid | null | null | null |
Midges, such as Tokunagayusurika akamusi, form swarms, dancing in the air. Swarming serves multiple purposes, including the facilitation of mating by attracting females to approach the swarm, a phenomenon known as lek mating. Such cloud-like swarms often form in early evening when the sun is getting low, at the tip of ... | Wikipedia - Swarming behaviour | null | null | null |
It is also suggested that swarming is a ritual, because there is rarely any male midge by itself and not in a swarm. This could have formed due to the benefit of lowering inbreeding by having males of various genes gathering in one spot. The genus Culicoides, also known as biting midges, have displayed swarming behavio... | Wikipedia - Swarming behaviour | null | null | null |
Midtribulationists believe that the Rapture will take place at the halfway point of the seven-year tribulation, i.e. after 3½ years. It coincides with the "abomination of desolation"—a desecration of the temple where the Antichrist puts an end to the Jewish sacrifices, sets up his own image in the temple, and demands t... | Wikipedia - Christian eschatology | null | null | null |
Paul says, "We shall not all sleep, but we shall all be changed, in a moment, in the twinkling of an eye, at the last trumpet. For the trumpet will sound, and the dead will be raised incorruptible, and we shall be changed" (1 Cor 15:51–52). Revelation divides the great tribulation into four sets of increasingly catastr... | Wikipedia - Christian eschatology | null | null | null |
Mierda is a noun meaning "shit." However, phrases such as Vete a la mierda (literally: "Go to (the) shit") would translate as "Go fuck yourself. "In Cuba, comemierda (shit-eater) refers to a clueless idiot, someone absurdly pretentious, or someone out of touch with his or her surroundings. | Wikipedia - Spanish profanity | null | null | null |
Ex. "que comemierderia" (how stupid), "comerán mierda?" (are they stupid or what?) or "vamos a prestar atención y dejar de comer mierda" (Let's pay attention and stop goofing off). | Wikipedia - Spanish profanity | null | null | null |
It is also used in both countries to describe someone who is "stuffy" and unnecessarily formal. In Puerto Rico and the Dominican Republic comemierda refers solely to a snobbish person, while in Panama it refers to someone who is both snobbish and mean and/or hypocritical. In Peru, irse a la mierda means "to be drunk as... | Wikipedia - Spanish profanity | null | null | null |
In Mexico, Cuba, Chile and also in Peru estar hecho mierda means to be very exhausted. In northern Mexico and the southwestern United States (particularly California), the phrase mierda de toro(s) (literally "shit from bull(s)") is used often as a Spanish translation of bullshit in response to what is seen by the Spani... | Wikipedia - Spanish profanity | null | null | null |
The euphemisms miércoles (Wednesday) and eme (the letter m) are sometimes used as minced oaths. Caca is a mild word used mostly by children, loosely comparable to the English "poop" or "doo-doo." Comecaca is functionally similar to comemierdas.Pedorrez (bullshit) is slang to characterize a stupid, stupid action or idea... | Wikipedia - Spanish profanity | null | null | null |
In Cuba, the term "comemojones" is frequently used instead of "comemierda"; "Es un mojón." ("He's a piece of shit.") is also commonly used in said country. | Wikipedia - Spanish profanity | null | null | null |
Migalastat is used in form of the hydrochloride, which is a white crystalline solid and is soluble in water. : 11 The molecule has four asymmetric carbon atoms with the same stereochemistry as the sugar D-galactose, but is missing the first hydroxyl group. It has a nitrogen atom in the ring instead of an oxygen, which ... | Wikipedia - Migalastat | null | null | null |
Miglustat is an iminosugar, a synthetic analogue of D-glucose and a white to off-white crystalline solid that has a bitter taste. | Wikipedia - Miglustat | null | null | null |
Migraine (and headaches in general) is comorbid with obesity. The risk of migraine rises 50% by BMI of 30 kg/m2 and 100% by BMI of 35 kg/m2. The causal connection remains unclear. | Wikipedia - Obesity-associated morbidity | null | null | null |
Migration addresses the possible obsolescence of the data carrier, but does not address the fact that certain technologies which run the data may be abandoned altogether, leaving migration useless. Time-consuming – migration is a continual process, which must be repeated every time a medium reaches obsolescence, for al... | Wikipedia - Data migration | null | null | null |
Migration in birds is highly labile and is believed to have developed independently in many avian lineages. While it is agreed that the behavioral and physiological adaptations necessary for migration are under genetic control, some authors have argued that no genetic change is necessary for migratory behavior to devel... | Wikipedia - Passage migrant | null | null | null |
However some species show circuitous migratory routes that reflect historical range expansions and are far from optimal in ecological terms. An example is the migration of continental populations of Swainson's thrush Catharus ustulatus, which fly far east across North America before turning south via Florida to reach n... | Wikipedia - Passage migrant | null | null | null |
Migration, which focuses on the digital object itself, is the act of transferring, or rewriting data from an out-of-date medium to a current medium and has for many years been considered the only viable approach to long-term preservation of digital objects. Reproducing brittle newspapers onto microfilm is an example of... | Wikipedia - Data migration | null | null | null |
Mike Ridpath Security consultant, published author, and speaker. Previous member of w00w00. Emphasizes techniques and tactics for social engineering cold calling. Became notable after his talks where he would play recorded calls and explain his thought process on what he was doing to get passwords through the phone and... | Wikipedia - Social engineering attack | null | null | null |
Miklós Schweitzer Competition Középiskolai Matematikai Lapok — correspondence competition for students from 9th–12th grade National Secondary School Academic Competition - Mathematics | Wikipedia - Math competition | null | null | null |
Mikolajczak began working at consulting firm Exponent in 1999. Her interest in batteries began there with work on the safety and failure modes of the lithium-ion rechargeable batteries used in consumer electronics. She was hired in 2012 by Tesla, Inc., where she became head of Cell Quality and Materials Engineering. Af... | Wikipedia - Celina Mikolajczak | null | null | null |
Milan and Treré have contended that datafication as a privileged practice carried by dominant Western democracies that fail to see the richness of worldviews and meanings of the South. As promoted by Global South and Indigenous scholars, data universalism mistakenly assumes data to be universal when it ought to be trea... | Wikipedia - Data universalism | null | null | null |
This reinforces the notions of ethics and responsibilities around the data (p.327). A push for bottom-up data practices shifts the focus of datafication to data justice to encourage citizens of the South to participate in political agency and repel an oppressed and inequal datafication process. Negligence in abstractin... | Wikipedia - Data universalism | null | null | null |
This causes skewed data to be generated leading to unequal datafication.Also, an aggregate technique used for data processing misrepresents data in a way that shapes an aggregate value as representing an aggregated individual. This adheres to the bias factor in making the subject appear as a collective by reducing vari... | Wikipedia - Data universalism | null | null | null |
Similarly, the interpretation of norms are also subject to contextual interpretations. While humans operate in unique cases where information can be incomplete, agency empowers humans to assess the situation and make radical decisions in complex situations where information is obscure. Thus, assuming universal normativ... | Wikipedia - Data universalism | null | null | null |
Milbemycin and milbemycin oxime can be found in S. hygroscopicus cultures. | Wikipedia - Streptomyces hygroscopicus | null | null | null |
Military crimes are relatively common in Finland. Partly this is due to the fact that the bar of criminality has been set consciously low. The crime of absence without leave is committed by a soldier who is even a minute late, and a slightest wilful or negligent disregard for a standing order or a regulation fulfils th... | Wikipedia - Military tribunal | null | null | null |
On the other hand, handing out unofficial punishments is discouraged in the extreme.The number of military crimes is yearly somewhat above 4,000. An absolute majority of these are handled by summary measures, i.e. by a punishments given by the military superiors. Only some 250 military crimes in a year end up for handl... | Wikipedia - Military tribunal | null | null | null |
: 92 The number of appeals is vanishingly small. In year 2014, courts of appeals handled only a total of 5 military criminal cases. : 502 | Wikipedia - Military tribunal | null | null | null |
Military engineering can employ a wide variety of heavy equipment in the same or similar ways to how this equipment is used outside the military. Bulldozers, cranes, graders, excavators, dump trucks, loaders, and backhoes all see extensive use by military engineers. Military engineers may also use civilian heavy equipm... | Wikipedia - Military engineering vehicle | null | null | null |
Often this protection is provided by armour plates and steel jackets. Some examples of armoured civilian heavy equipment are the IDF Caterpillar D9, American D7 TPK, Canadian D6 armoured bulldozer, cranes, graders, excavators, and M35 2-1/2 ton cargo truck. | Wikipedia - Military engineering vehicle | null | null | null |
Militarized heavy equipment may also take on the form of traditional civilian equipment designed and built to unique military specifications. These vehicles typically sacrifice some depth of capability from civilian models in order to gain greater speed and independence from prime movers. Examples of this type of vehic... | Wikipedia - Military engineering vehicle | null | null | null |
Military engineers are key in all armed forces of the world, and invariably found either closely integrated into the force structure, or even into the combat units of the national troops. | Wikipedia - Military engineering | null | null | null |
Military engineers design and construct transportation and troop-support facilities. In cold climates frozen ground can make digging difficult. Soviet Army doctrine gave them the responsibility to establish build and maintain routes, including water crossings, build and destroy obstacles that require special equipment,... | Wikipedia - Cold-weather warfare | null | null | null |
The Taschenbuch describes a variety of ways to employ local resources to create roads, shelters and fortifications.Engineers provide roadways, landing zones, shelter, water supply and wastewater disposal, and electrical power to encampments. Roadway and landing zones require heavy equipment, which is more fatiguing to ... | Wikipedia - Cold-weather warfare | null | null | null |
Landing zones require stabilization of dust and snow to avoid blinding helicopter pilots. The U.S. | Wikipedia - Cold-weather warfare | null | null | null |
Army has cold-weather adaptive kits for providing water and electrical utilities. The tactical engineer has limited options for providing a water supply; they are in order of ease of provision: drawing water from rivers or lakes, melting ice or snow, or drilling wells.Water supply and treatment is especially challengin... | Wikipedia - Cold-weather warfare | null | null | null |
Army tactical water purification systems require a winter kit operate between 32 and −25 °F (0 and −32 °C). Water storage may require heating. Water source exploitation may require augering through ice, if shaped charges are not available. The water distribution system can be subject to freezing and clogging from frazi... | Wikipedia - Cold-weather warfare | null | null | null |
Military history#Technological evolution Category:Military history – articles on history of specific technologies | Wikipedia - Technological growth | null | null | null |
Milk homogenization is accomplished by mixing large amounts of harvested milk, then forcing the milk at high pressure through small holes. Milk homogenization is an essential tool of the milk food industry to prevent creating various levels of flavor and fat concentration. Another application of homogenization is in so... | Wikipedia - Homogenization (chemistry) | null | null | null |
Milk is a commonly cited example of an emulsion, a specific type of dispersion of one liquid into another liquid where the two liquids are immiscible. The fat molecules suspended in milk provide a mode of delivery of important fat-soluble vitamins and nutrients from the mother to newborn. The mechanical, thermal, or en... | Wikipedia - Dispersion (chemistry) | null | null | null |
When an aquifer is depleted for human use, it is naturally replenished by groundwater moving in from other areas. In the case of coastal aquifers, the water supply is replenished both from the land boundary on one side and the sea boundary on the other side. After excessive discharge, saline water from the sea boundary... | Wikipedia - Dispersion (chemistry) | null | null | null |
Several different solutions to seawater intrusion in coastal aquifers have been proposed, including engineering methods of artificial recharge and implementing physical barriers at the sea boundary.Chemical dispersants are used in oil spills to mitigate the effects of the spill and promote the degradation of oil partic... | Wikipedia - Dispersion (chemistry) | null | null | null |
MilkyWay@home has been active since 2007, and optimized client applications for 32-bit and 64-bit operating systems became available in 2008. Its screensaver capability is limited to a revolving display of users' BOINC statistics, with no graphical component. Instead, animations of the best computer simulations are sha... | Wikipedia - MilkyWay@home | null | null | null |
This made the project less suitable for computers that are not in operation for periods of several days, or for user accounts that do not allow BOINC to compute in the background. As of 2018, many GPU-based tasks only require less than a minute to complete on a high-end graphics card. | Wikipedia - MilkyWay@home | null | null | null |
The project's data throughput progress has been very dynamic recently. In mid-June 2009, the project had about 24,000 registered users and about 1,100 participating teams in 149 countries and was operating at 31.7 TeraFLOPS. As of 12 January 2010, these figures were at 44,900 users and 1,590 teams in 170 countries, but... | Wikipedia - MilkyWay@home | null | null | null |
MilkyWay@home is currently the 2nd largest volunteer computing project behind Folding@Home which crossed 5,000 TFlops in 2009. That data throughput massively outpaced new user acquisition is mostly due to the deployment of client software that uses commonly available medium and high performance graphics processing unit... | Wikipedia - MilkyWay@home | null | null | null |
An OpenCL application for AMD Radeon GPUs is also available. MilkyWay@home is a whitelisted gridcoin project. It is the second-largest manufacturer of gridcoins. | Wikipedia - MilkyWay@home | null | null | null |
Mill joined the debate over scientific method which followed on from John Herschel's 1830 publication of A Preliminary Discourse on the study of Natural Philosophy, which incorporated inductive reasoning from the known to the unknown, discovering general laws in specific facts and verifying these laws empirically. Will... | Wikipedia - John Stuart Mill | null | null | null |
In "Mill's Methods" (of induction), as in Herschel's, laws were discovered through observation and induction, and required empirical verification. Matilal remarks that Dignāga analysis is much like John Stuart Mill's Joint Method of Agreement and Difference, which is inductive. He suggested that it is very likely that ... | Wikipedia - John Stuart Mill | null | null | null |
Mill, John Stuart, A System of Logic, University Press of the Pacific, Honolulu, 2002, ISBN 1-4102-0252-6 | Wikipedia - A System of Logic | null | null | null |
Milne, John. Etale cohomology. Ch IV Knus, Max-Albert; Ojanguren, Manuel (1974), Théorie de la descente et algèbres d'Azumaya, Lecture Notes in Mathematics, vol. 389, Berlin, New York: Springer-Verlag, doi:10.1007/BFb0057799, MR 0417149, Zbl 0284.13002 Mathoverflow Thread on "Explicit examples of Azumaya algebras" | Wikipedia - Azumaya algebra | null | null | null |
Milner, Robin; Parrow, Joachim; Walker, David (1992-09-01). "A calculus of mobile processes, I". Information and Computation. 100 (1): 1–40. | Wikipedia - Information and Control | null | null | null |
doi:10.1016/0890-5401(92)90008-4. ISSN 0890-5401.Description: This paper first introduced the π-calculus. As of July 2022, it is the third most cited paper published in the journal and the most cited paper published since the journal assumed its current name. | Wikipedia - Information and Control | null | null | null |
Milsom & Eriksen (2011) provide a useful field book for field geophysics. | Wikipedia - Near-surface geophysics | null | null | null |
Mimer SQL for Linux, macOS, OpenVMS and Windows support embedded SQL. C/C++ Embedded SQL for C/C++ is supported on Linux, macOS, OpenVMS and Windows. COBOL Embedded SQL for COBOL is supported on OpenVMS. Fortran Embedded SQL for Fortran is supported on OpenVMS. | Wikipedia - Embedded SQL | null | null | null |
Mimivirus is one of the largest characterised viruses, with a capsid diameter of 400 nm. Protein filaments measuring 100 nm project from the surface. The capsid appears hexagonal under an electron microscope, therefore the capsid is probably icosahedral. | Wikipedia - Virus structure | null | null | null |
In 2011, researchers discovered the largest then known virus in samples of water collected from the ocean floor off the coast of Las Cruces, Chile. Provisionally named Megavirus chilensis, it can be seen with a basic optical microscope. In 2013, the Pandoravirus genus was discovered in Chile and Australia, and has geno... | Wikipedia - Virus structure | null | null | null |
Mimosine arrests dividing cells in the late G1 phase by inhibiting DNA replication initiation. In ruminants, mimosine is degraded to 3,4- and 2,3-dihydroxypyridone (3,4- and 2,3-DHP). Although toxicosis has occurred in Australia, Papua New Guinea, Africa and Florida, it has not been recorded in any other tropical and s... | Wikipedia - Mimosine | null | null | null |
Goats and cattle in Hawaii are able to degrade the 3,4-DHP ruminally. Tolerance might be related to the presence or absence of microbes tolerant to mimosine and 3,4-DHP. It is known that at least Australian goats do not share the abilities of their Hawaiian counterparts. | Wikipedia - Mimosine | null | null | null |
Bickel and Wibaut found in feeding experiments with rats and mice that leucenol is probably the toxic constituent of Leucaena glauca seeds, but they did not observe with these animals the loss of hair that seems to occur when these seeds are fed to cattle. Aung from Myanmar isolated the new subspecies of Klebsiella pne... | Wikipedia - Mimosine | null | null | null |
Min-Conflicts solves the N-Queens Problem by randomly selecting a column from the chess board for queen reassignment. The algorithm searches each potential move for the number of conflicts (number of attacking queens), shown in each square. The algorithm moves the queen to the square with the minimum number of conflict... | Wikipedia - Min-conflicts algorithm | null | null | null |
If two queens would attack from the same direction (row, or diagonal) then the conflict is only counted once. Also note that if a queen is in a position in which a move would put it in greater conflict than its current position, it does not make a move. It follows that if a queen is in a state of minimum conflict, it d... | Wikipedia - Min-conflicts algorithm | null | null | null |
This algorithm's run time for solving N-Queens is independent of problem size. This algorithm will even solve the million-queens problem on average of 50 steps. This discovery and observations led to a great amount of research in 1990 and began research on local search problems and the distinctions between easy and har... | Wikipedia - Min-conflicts algorithm | null | null | null |
N-Queens is easy for local search because solutions are densely distributed throughout the state space. It is also effective for hard problems. For example, it has been used to schedule observations for the Hubble Space Telescope, reducing the time taken to schedule a week of observations from three weeks to around 10 ... | Wikipedia - Min-conflicts algorithm | null | null | null |
Min/max sketches store only the minimum/maximum hashed values. Examples of known min/max sketch estimators: Chassaing et al. presents max sketch which is the minimum-variance unbiased estimator for the problem. The continuous max sketches estimator is the maximum likelihood estimator. The estimator of choice in practic... | Wikipedia - Count-distinct problem | null | null | null |
For example, when every element e j {\displaystyle e_{j}} is associated with a uniform RV, h ( e j ) ∼ U ( 0 , 1 ) {\displaystyle h(e_{j})\sim U(0,1)} , the expected minimum value of h ( e 1 ) , h ( e 2 ) , … , h ( e n ) {\displaystyle h(e_{1}),h(e_{2}),\ldots ,h(e_{n})} is 1 / ( n + 1 ) {\displaystyle 1/(n+1)} . The h... | Wikipedia - Count-distinct problem | null | null | null |
There are other estimation techniques other than min/max sketches. The first paper on count-distinct estimation describes the Flajolet–Martin algorithm, a bit pattern sketch. In this case, the elements are hashed into a bit vector and the sketch holds the logical OR of all hashed values. The first asymptotically space-... | Wikipedia - Count-distinct problem | null | null | null |
Mincer: A software package using FORM to compute massless propagator diagrams with up to three loops. FORM has been the essential tool to calculate the higher-order QCD beta function. The mathematical structure of multiple zeta values has been researched with dedicated FORM programs. The software package FormCalc which... | Wikipedia - FORM (symbolic manipulation system) | null | null | null |
Mind-wandering is important in understanding how the brain produces what William James called the train of thought and the stream of consciousness. This aspect of mind-wandering research is focused on understanding how the brain generates the spontaneous and relatively unconstrained thoughts that are experienced when t... | Wikipedia - Mind wandering | null | null | null |
One relatively controversial result is that periods of mind-wandering are associated with increased activation in both the default and executive system a result that implies that mind-wandering may often be goal oriented.It is commonly assumed that the default mode network is known to be involved during mind-wandering.... | Wikipedia - Mind wandering | null | null | null |
However, recent studies show that signals in the default mode network provide information regarding patterns of detailed experience in active tasks states. This data suggests that the relationship between the default mode network and mind-wandering remains a matter of conjecture. In addition to neural models, computati... | Wikipedia - Mind wandering | null | null | null |
Mind/cognition in the ToK system refers to the set of mental behaviors. Mental behaviors are behaviors of animals mediated by the nervous system that produce a functional effect on the animal-environment relationship. As such, Mind/cognition is essentially synonymous with what behavioral psychologists have meant when t... | Wikipedia - Tree of Knowledge System | null | null | null |
Mind is not synonymous with sentience or the capacity for mental experience, although such processes are presumed to emerge in the mental/cognitive dimension. Cognition, in the broad sense of the term is meaning bodily-neuro-social information processing, as in EEEE Cognition: Embodied, Embedded, Enactive, Extended. Wh... | Wikipedia - Tree of Knowledge System | null | null | null |
Mindfulness-based pain management (MBPM) is a mindfulness-based intervention (MBI) providing specific applications for people living with chronic pain and illness. Adapting the core concepts and practices of mindfulness-based stress reduction (MBSR) and mindfulness-based cognitive therapy (MBCT), MBPM includes a distin... | Wikipedia - Buddhist psychology | null | null | null |
Mindset Network has developed an IP satellite datacast platform for the distribution of educational and health content, to sites around South Africa and the rest of Africa as well. The model is a forward and store model, allowing users of the platform to view content in an on-demand fashion. Content distributed in this... | Wikipedia - Datacasting | null | null | null |
Mindware is the symbolic counterpart of mindmakers. The concept differs from that of memes in the way that the descriptive notion of a “bridge” differs from that of specified engineering types of bridges (suspension, cantilever, arch and so on). In the latter, what transmits is understood in terms of the specific engin... | Wikipedia - Up from Dragons | null | null | null |
The acquisition of social mindware is closely linked with rituals. In mindware “the human ape found a brain programming language to bond across time and place—symbolic culture. | Wikipedia - Up from Dragons | null | null | null |
This was to change forever what it meant to be a brain. Now the human mind could live in thousands of varieties of life. …with their mindware humans set themselves apart from other animals and the rest of nature”. | Wikipedia - Up from Dragons | null | null | null |
Minecraft also provides a feature known as "data packs" (introduced in update 1.13) which allow players or server operators to provide additional features or content into the game by the use of a limited API that can be interacted with by using a data pack. This system built upon the idea provided by the resource pack ... | Wikipedia - Minecraft modding | null | null | null |
New commands and rules continue to be added to the data pack API as it is actively in development. Producing a data pack involves creating a zip file containing JSON files in a structure which Minecraft will understand. Issues can also arise when multiple data packs are used at once if they all attempt to override the ... | Wikipedia - Minecraft modding | null | null | null |
Mineral and energy resource exploration (commonly known as MinEx for short) is the subdiscipline of geological engineering that applies modern tools and concepts to the discovery and sustainable extraction of natural mineral and energy resources. A geological engineer who specializes in this field may work on several s... | Wikipedia - Geological engineering | null | null | null |
Mineral associations based on some physical properties include, but not limited to, halite, anhydrite, dolomite, gypsum, kainite, kieserite, polyhalite, and sylvite.Carnallite minerals are mineral sediments known as evaporites. Evaporites are concentrated by evaporation of seawater. The inflow of water must be below th... | Wikipedia - Magnesium potassium trichloride | null | null | null |
Mineral physics Creep Elasticity Melting Rheology Thermal expansion Viscosity | Wikipedia - Outline of geophysics | null | null | null |
Mineral sequestration aims to trap carbon in the form of solid carbonate salts. This process occurs slowly in nature and is responsible for the deposition and accumulation of limestone over geologic time. Carbonic acid in groundwater slowly reacts with complex silicates to dissolve calcium, magnesium, alkalis and silic... | Wikipedia - Carbon dioxide sequestration | null | null | null |
When the organisms die, their shells are deposited as sediment and eventually turn into limestone. Limestones have accumulated over billions of years of geologic time and contain much of Earth's carbon. Ongoing research aims to speed up similar reactions involving alkali carbonates.Several serpentinite deposits are bei... | Wikipedia - Carbon dioxide sequestration | null | null | null |
Beneficial re-use of magnesium carbonate from this process could provide feedstock for new products developed for the built environment and agriculture without returning the carbon into the atmosphere and so acting as a carbon sink.One proposed reaction is that of the olivine-rich rock dunite, or its hydrated equivalen... | Wikipedia - Carbon dioxide sequestration | null | null | null |
Mineral weathering can also be initiated or accelerated by soil microorganisms. Soil organisms make up about 10 mg/cm3 of typical soils, and laboratory experiments have demonstrated that albite and muscovite weather twice as fast in live versus sterile soil. Lichens on rocks are among the most effective biological agen... | Wikipedia - Salt wedging | null | null | null |
The most common forms of biological weathering result from the release of chelating compounds (such as certain organic acids and siderophores) and of carbon dioxide and organic acids by plants. Roots can build up the carbon dioxide level to 30% of all soil gases, aided by adsorption of CO2 on clay minerals and the very... | Wikipedia - Salt wedging | null | null | null |
Roots have a negative electrical charge balanced by protons in the soil next to the roots, and these can be exchanged for essential nutrient cations such as potassium. Decaying remains of dead plants in soil may form organic acids which, when dissolved in water, cause chemical weathering. Chelating compounds, mostly lo... | Wikipedia - Salt wedging | null | null | null |
The ability to break down bare rock allows lichens to be among the first colonizers of dry land. The accumulation of chelating compounds can easily affect surrounding rocks and soils, and may lead to podsolisation of soils.The symbiotic mycorrhizal fungi associated with tree root systems can release inorganic nutrients... | Wikipedia - Salt wedging | null | null | null |
Mineralogic phenomena Lithologic phenomena Rock types Igneous rock Igneous formation processes Sedimentary rock Sedimentary formation processes (sedimentation) Quicksand Metamorphic rock Endogenic phenomena Plate tectonics Continental drift Earthquake Oceanic trench Phenomena associated with igneous activity Geysers an... | Wikipedia - Natural phenomenon | null | null | null |
Mineralogical changes that occur during eogenesis are dependent on the environment in which that sediment has been deposited. For example, the formation of pyrite is characteristic of reducing conditions in marine environments. Pyrite can form as cement, or replace organic materials, such as wood fragments. Other impor... | Wikipedia - Clastic rock | null | null | null |
The precipitation of potassium feldspar, quartz overgrowths, and carbonate cements also occurs under marine conditions. In non marine environments oxidizing conditions are almost always prevalent, meaning iron oxides are commonly produced along with kaolin group clay minerals. The precipitation of quartz and calcite ce... | Wikipedia - Clastic rock | null | null | null |
Mineralogists, in particular, are interested in morphological appearances of individual crystals, as defined by the actually formed crystal faces (tracht) and their relative sizes (habit). More advanced visualization capabilities allow for displaying surface characteristics, imperfections inside the crystal, lighting (... | Wikipedia - Crystallographic databases | null | null | null |
Tensor shapes are more palpable by adding lighting effects (reflection and shadow). 2D sections of interest are selected for display by rotating the tensor interactively around one or more axes.Crystal morphology or physical property data can be stored in specialized databases or added to more comprehensive crystal str... | Wikipedia - Crystallographic databases | null | null | null |
Minerals are naturally occurring elements and compounds with a definite homogeneous chemical composition and ordered atomic composition. Each mineral has distinct physical properties, and there are many tests to determine each of them. Minerals are often identified through these tests. The specimens can be tested for: ... | Wikipedia - Geology | null | null | null |
Examples are metallic, pearly, waxy, dull. Color: Minerals are grouped by their color. Mostly diagnostic but impurities can change a mineral's color. | Wikipedia - Geology | null | null | null |
Streak: Performed by scratching the sample on a porcelain plate. The color of the streak can help name the mineral. Hardness: The resistance of a mineral to scratching. | Wikipedia - Geology | null | null | null |
Breakage pattern: A mineral can either show fracture or cleavage, the former being breakage of uneven surfaces, and the latter a breakage along closely spaced parallel planes. Specific gravity: the weight of a specific volume of a mineral. Effervescence: Involves dripping hydrochloric acid on the mineral to test for fi... | Wikipedia - Geology | null | null | null |
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