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Muscimol can be extracted from the flesh of the Amanita muscaria by treatment with boiling water, followed by rapid cooling, and further treatment with a basic resin. This is washed with water, and eluted with acetic acid using column chromatography. The eluate is freeze dried, dissolved in water, and passed down a col... | Wikipedia - Muscimol | null | null | null |
Muscimol is one of the psychoactive compounds responsible for the effects of Amanita muscaria intoxication. Ibotenic acid, a neurotoxic secondary metabolite of Amanita muscaria, serves as a prodrug to muscimol when the mushroom is ingested or dried, converting to muscimol via decarboxylation.Muscimol is produced in the... | Wikipedia - Muscimol | null | null | null |
Muscimol was first isolated from Amanita pantherina by Onda in 1964, and thought to be an amino acid or peptide. Structure was then elucidated by Takemoto, Eugster, and Bowden. Muscimol is a semi-rigid isoxazole containing both alcohol and aminomethyl substituents. Muscimol is commonly portrayed as a tautomer, where it... | Wikipedia - Muscimol | null | null | null |
Muscimol was synthesized in 1965 by Gagneux, who utilized a bromo-isoxazole starting material in a two step reaction. 3-bromo-5-aminomethyl-isoxazole (1) was refluxed in a mixture of methanol and potassium hydroxide for 30 hours, resulting in 3-methoxy-5-aminomethyl-isoxazole (2) with a yield of 60%. (2) was then reflu... | Wikipedia - Muscimol | null | null | null |
More dependable and scalable procedures have been developed, two examples being the syntheses of McCarry and Varasi.McCarry's synthesis is a three step synthesis involving a lithium acetylide produced from propargyl chloride. The acetylide (3), was dissolved in ether, cooled to -40 °C, and treated with excess ethyl chl... | Wikipedia - Muscimol | null | null | null |
At a pH of between 8.5 and 9, the isoxazole (5) was recovered in a 41% yield. Muscimol was formed in a 65% yield when (5) was dissolved in a saturated solution of methanol and anhydrous ammonia and heated from 0 °C to 50 °C. The total yield was 18.7%. | Wikipedia - Muscimol | null | null | null |
Varasi's synthesis is notable for its inexpensive starting materials and mild conditions. It begins with the combination of 2,3-Dichloro-1-propene (6), potassium bicarbonate, water, and dibromoformaldoxime (7), all dissolved in ethyl acetate. 5-Chloromethyl-3-bromoisoxazole (8) was extracted with an experimental yield ... | Wikipedia - Muscimol | null | null | null |
5-Aminomethyl-3-bromoisoxazole (9) was formed in 90% yield by the combination of (8) and ammonium hydroxide in dioxane. (9) was then refluxed with potassium hydroxide in methanol to generate 5-Aminomethyl-3-methoxyisoxazole (10) with a 66% yield. Subsequent reflux of (10) with hydrobromic acid and acetic acid generated... | Wikipedia - Muscimol | null | null | null |
Muscle coordination, muscle memory, and innate game awareness all rely on the nervous system to produce a specific firing pattern in response to an either an efferent or afferent signal. Sports are governed by the same production and perception of oscillations that govern much of human activity. For example, in basketb... | Wikipedia - Neuroscience of rhythm | null | null | null |
Although the exact oscillatory pattern that modulates different sports has not been found, there have been studies done to show a correlation between athletic performance and circadian timing. It has been shown certain times of the day are better for training and gametime performance. Training has the best results when... | Wikipedia - Neuroscience of rhythm | null | null | null |
Muscle fatigue is the neuromuscular adaptation to challenges over a period of time. The use of motor units over a period of time can result in changes in the motor command from the brain. Since the force of contraction cannot be changed, the brain instead recruits more motor units to achieve maximal muscle contraction.... | Wikipedia - Neuromechanics | null | null | null |
Muse cells are present in the human bone marrow of healthy donors. The number of peripheral blood-Muse cells is drastically elevated in stroke patients 24 h after onset. In acute myocardial infarction patients, peripheral blood-Muse cells significantly increase 24 h after onset, concomitant with an increase in serum sp... | Wikipedia - Muse cell | null | null | null |
Museum zoological specimens may have historic significance. For example, the specimens collected by Johann Baptist von Spix and Carl Friedrich Philipp von Martius during their Brazil Expedition (1817–1820) are housed in the Munich Zoology Museum. | Wikipedia - Zoological specimen | null | null | null |
Museums make extensive use of models. When these are accurate they are considered to be specimens in their own right. Examples are the glass invertebrates of Leopold and Rudolf Blaschka. | Wikipedia - Zoological specimen | null | null | null |
Mushroom clouds are formed by many sorts of large explosions under Earth's gravity, but they are best known for their appearance after nuclear detonations. Without gravity, or without a thick atmosphere, the explosive's by-product gases would remain spherical. Nuclear weapons are usually detonated above the ground (not... | Wikipedia - Mushroom cloud | null | null | null |
One way to analyze the motion, once the hot gas has cleared the ground sufficiently, is as a 'spherical cap bubble', as this gives agreement between the rate of rise and observed diameter. As it rises, a Rayleigh–Taylor instability is formed, and air is drawn upwards and into the cloud (similar to the updraft of a chim... | Wikipedia - Mushroom cloud | null | null | null |
Music Treasures, Stichting Omroep Muziek (SOM) Heritage preservation of contemporary dance and choreography through research and innovation in digital documentation and annotation of creative processes, ICKamsterdam and Motion Bank | Wikipedia - Digital Preservation Award | null | null | null |
Music can also be examined as a language with a distinctive grammar set. Compositions are created by first constructing a musical grammar, which is then used to create comprehensible musical pieces. Grammars often include rules for macro-level composing, for instance harmonies and rhythm, rather than single notes. | Wikipedia - Algorithmic music | null | null | null |
Music mathematics software utilizes mathematics to analyze or synthesize musical symbols and patterns. Musimat (by Gareth Loy) | Wikipedia - Mathematical software | null | null | null |
Music theorists sometimes use mathematics to understand music, and although music has no axiomatic foundation in modern mathematics, mathematics is "the basis of sound" and sound itself "in its musical aspects... exhibits a remarkable array of number properties", simply because nature itself "is amazingly mathematical"... | Wikipedia - Music Theory | null | null | null |
Though ancient Chinese, Egyptians and Mesopotamians are known to have studied the mathematical principles of sound, the Pythagoreans (in particular Philolaus and Archytas) of ancient Greece were the first researchers known to have investigated the expression of musical scales in terms of numerical ratios. In the modern... | Wikipedia - Music Theory | null | null | null |
By applying simple operations such as transposition and inversion, one can discover deep structures in the music. Operations such as transposition and inversion are called isometries because they preserve the intervals between tones in a set. | Wikipedia - Music Theory | null | null | null |
Expanding on the methods of musical set theory, some theorists have used abstract algebra to analyze music. For example, the pitch classes in an equally tempered octave form an abelian group with 12 elements. It is possible to describe just intonation in terms of a free abelian group. | Wikipedia - Music Theory | null | null | null |
Music therapist Kenneth Bruscia stated "A model is a comprehensive approach to assessment, treatment, and evaluation that includes theoretical principles, clinical indications and contraindications, goals, methodological guidelines and specifications, and the characteristic use of certain procedural sequences and techn... | Wikipedia - Music therapy | null | null | null |
Musical acoustics is concerned with researching and describing the physics of music and its perception – how sounds employed as music work. This includes: the function and design of musical instruments including electronic synthesizers; the human voice (the physics and neurophysiology of singing); computer analysis of ... | Wikipedia - Environmental acoustics | null | null | null |
Musical form is the plan by which a short piece of music is extended. The term "plan" is also used in architecture, to which musical form is often compared. Like the architect, the composer must take into account the function for which the work is intended and the means available, practicing economy and making use of r... | Wikipedia - Mathematics of musical scales | null | null | null |
Musical set theory uses the language of mathematical set theory in an elementary way to organize musical objects and describe their relationships. To analyze the structure of a piece of (typically atonal) music using musical set theory, one usually starts with a set of tones, which could form motives or chords. By appl... | Wikipedia - Music and mathematics | null | null | null |
Musk stated in October 2015 that "we're advising drivers to keep their hands on the wheel ". Despite this, multiple videos were posted to YouTube at the time showing drivers using Autopilot to drive hands-free, including Musk's ex-wife Talulah Riley. Other drivers have been found sleeping at the wheel, driving under th... | Wikipedia - Tesla Autopilot | null | null | null |
At least one device designed to defeat the torque sensor was ordered by NHTSA to discontinue sales in 2018. Initially, Tesla decided against adding more advanced driver monitoring options to ensure drivers remained engaged with the driving task.In late May 2021, a new version of the software enabled driver-facing camer... | Wikipedia - Tesla Autopilot | null | null | null |
A review of the in-cabin camera-based monitoring system by Consumer Reports found that drivers could still use Autopilot even when looking away from the road or using their phones, and could also enable FSD beta software "with the camera covered. "In 2022, Musk agreed to a proposal on Twitter that "users with more than... | Wikipedia - Tesla Autopilot | null | null | null |
That June, a hacker discovered that FSD Beta had an undocumented mode which disables all driver monitoring. The NHTSA wrote a letter to Tesla under the authority of EA 22-002 on July 26, noting the new mode "could lead to greater driver inattention and failure of the driver to properly supervise Autopilot". The letter ... | Wikipedia - Tesla Autopilot | null | null | null |
Muslim scholars arguing in favor of non-Muslims' being able to enter paradise cite the verse: "Indeed, those who believed and those who were Jews or Christians or Sabians—those who believed in Allah and the Last Day and did righteousness—will have their reward with their Lord, and no fear will there be concerning them,... | Wikipedia - Islamic eschatology | null | null | null |
'Universalists' – 'believe that all of Hell's inhabitants will be admitted into Heaven following a significant period of time' suffering in hell. (In addition there are those who could be described as 'interim inclusivists' or 'ultimate universalists'. | Wikipedia - Islamic eschatology | null | null | null |
)Based on these categories, four "well-known and particularly influential Muslim thinkers" can be sorted as: al-Ghazālī – "optimistic" or "liberal inclusivist", Ibn al-ʿArabī – "liberal inclusivist" to "quasi-universalist", Ibn Taymiyya and Ibn Qayyim al-Jawziyya – both universalists, (despite their status as "darlings... | Wikipedia - Islamic eschatology | null | null | null |
Muslim scholars can be divided into two groups regarding Adam's impeccability (‘iṣmah): One argues that Adam only became a prophet after he was cast out of paradise. They adhere to the doctrine that ‘iṣmah only applies to prophets after they were sent to a mission. But since there was no population to whom Adam could h... | Wikipedia - Adam in Islam | null | null | null |
According to the second point of view, Adam was predestined by God to eat from the forbidden tree, because God planned to set Adam and his progeny on earth from the beginning and thus installed Adam's fall. : 194 By that Adam would not have truly disobeyed, but acted in accordance with God's will to his best ability. F... | Wikipedia - Adam in Islam | null | null | null |
By their former abode in paradise, they can hope for return during their life-time. Some Muslim scholars view Adam as an image for his descendants: Humans sin, become aware of it, repent (Tawba), and find back to God. Adam embodies humanity and his fall shows humans how to act, when they sinned. : 194 Unlike Iblis (Sat... | Wikipedia - Adam in Islam | null | null | null |
Mussa angulosa is a reef-building species and is aggressive, attacking other fast-growing corals that start to grow close by and threaten to overgrow it or shade it. Its cnidocytes are so powerful that no other Caribbean corals can successfully attack it. It leans away from the current as it grows and reacts adversely ... | Wikipedia - Flower coral | null | null | null |
Mustard gases react with DNA, which interferes with cellular division and can lead to mutations.Mustard gases are extremely toxic and have powerful blistering effects on victims. Their alkylating capabilities make them strongly carcinogenic and mutagenic. Furthermore, they are highly lipophilic, which accelerates their... | Wikipedia - Dichloroethyl sulphide | null | null | null |
Because people exposed to mustard agents rarely suffer immediate symptoms, and contaminated areas may appear completely normal, victims can unknowingly receive high doses. Within 24 hours of exposure, victims experience intense itching and skin irritation. If this irritation goes untreated, blisters filled with yellow ... | Wikipedia - Dichloroethyl sulphide | null | null | null |
These are chemical burns and are very debilitating. Mustard gases easily penetrate clothing fabrics such as wool or cotton, so it is not only exposed skin that gets burned. If the victim's eyes were exposed, then they become sore, starting with conjunctivitis (also known as pink eye), after which the eyelids swell, res... | Wikipedia - Dichloroethyl sulphide | null | null | null |
Extreme ocular exposure to mustard gas vapors may result in corneal ulceration, anterior chamber scarring, and neovascularization. In these severe and infrequent cases, corneal transplantation has been used as a treatment option. Miosis, when the pupil constricts more than usual, may also occur, which is probably the r... | Wikipedia - Dichloroethyl sulphide | null | null | null |
At very high concentrations, if inhaled, mustard agents cause bleeding and blistering within the respiratory system, damaging mucous membranes and causing pulmonary edema. Depending on the level of contamination, mustard agent burns can vary between first and second degree burns, though they can also be every bit as se... | Wikipedia - Dichloroethyl sulphide | null | null | null |
Mild or moderate exposure to mustard gases is unlikely to kill, though victims still require lengthy periods of medical treatment and convalescence before recovery is complete. Mustard gases' carcinogenic and mutagenic effects mean that victims, even if they fully recover, have an increased risk of developing cancer la... | Wikipedia - Dichloroethyl sulphide | null | null | null |
Those genes all correspond to functions commonly affected by mustard gas exposure, including apoptosis, inflammation, and stress responses. The long-term ocular complications include burning, tearing, itching, photophobia, presbyopia, pain, and foreign-body sensations. Mustard gases' blistering effects can be neutraliz... | Wikipedia - Dichloroethyl sulphide | null | null | null |
After initial decontamination of the victim's wounds is complete, medical treatment is similar to that required by any conventional burn. The degree of pain and discomfort suffered by the victim is also comparable. Mustard agent burns do not heal quickly, and (as with other types of burns) present a risk of sepsis caus... | Wikipedia - Dichloroethyl sulphide | null | null | null |
The mechanisms behind mustard gas's effect on endothelial cells are still being studied, but recent studies have shown that high levels of exposure can induce high rates of both necrosis and apoptosis. In vitro tests have shown that at low concentrations of mustard gas, where apoptosis is the predominant result of expo... | Wikipedia - Dichloroethyl sulphide | null | null | null |
Mutations exist in the artificial world in limited probability, equivalent to occurrence in the real world. There are two ways in which the individual can mutate: through random single qubit rotations, and by errors in the self-replication process. There are two different operators which act on the individual and cause... | Wikipedia - Quantum artificial life | null | null | null |
The parameter, θ, is random for each mutation which creates biodiversity within the artificial environment. The M operation is a unitary matrix which can be described as: M = ( cos ( θ ) s i n ( θ ) s i n ( θ ) − c o s ( θ ) ) {\displaystyle M={\begin{pmatrix}\cos(\theta )&sin(\theta )\\sin(\theta )&-cos(\theta )\end... | Wikipedia - Quantum artificial life | null | null | null |
However, quantum cloning machines make it possible to create imperfect copies of quantum states, in other words, the process introduces some degree of error. The error that exists in current quantum cloning machines is the root cause for the second kind of mutations in the artificial life experiment. The imperfect clon... | Wikipedia - Quantum artificial life | null | null | null |
Mutations in exosome component 3 cause infantile spinal motor neuron disease, cerebellar atrophy, progressive microcephaly and profound global developmental delay, consistent with pontocerebellar hypoplasia type 1B (PCH1B; MIM 614678). | Wikipedia - Exosome complex | null | null | null |
Mutations in the cystatin 3 gene are responsible for the Icelandic type of hereditary cerebral amyloid angiopathy, a condition predisposing to intracerebral haemorrhage, stroke and dementia. The condition is inherited in a dominant fashion. The monomeric cystatin C forms dimers and oligomers by domain swapping and the ... | Wikipedia - Cystatin C | null | null | null |
Mutations of permutations are specially designed for genomes that are themselves permutations of a set. These are often used to solve combinatorial tasks. In the two mutations presented, parts of the genome are rotated or inverted. | Wikipedia - Mutation (genetic algorithm) | null | null | null |
Mutations of the WT1 gene which is located on the short arm of chromosome 11 (11p13) are observed in approximately 20% of Wilms' tumors, the majority of them being inherited from the germline, while a minority are acquired somatic mutations. In addition at least half of the Wilms' tumors with mutations in WT1 also carr... | Wikipedia - Wilms' tumor | null | null | null |
Most cases do not have mutations in any of these genes. An association with H19 has been reported. H19 is a long noncoding RNA located on the short arm of chromosome 11 (11p15.5). | Wikipedia - Wilms' tumor | null | null | null |
Mutations within SARS-CoV-2 variants contain spike protein variants that can enhance syncytia formation. The protease TMPRSS2 is essential for syncytia formation. Syncytia can allow the virus to spread directly to other cells, shielded from neutralizing antibodies and other immune system components. Syncytia formation ... | Wikipedia - Syncytium | null | null | null |
Mutator strains are bacterial cell lines which are deficient in one or more DNA repair mechanisms. An example of a mutator strand is the E. coli XL1-RED. This subordinate strain of E. coli is deficient in the MutS, MutD, MutT DNA repair pathways. Use of mutator strains is useful at introducing many types of mutation; h... | Wikipedia - Enzyme engineering | null | null | null |
Muther was the original developer of relationship chart (REL-CHART) and its companion space-relationship diagram. This tool is the basis for many other techniques which are used to optimize the proximity of related functions and minimize unnecessary transportation in industrial facilities. Muther also created the Mag C... | Wikipedia - Richard Muther (industrial engineer) | null | null | null |
Mutualism in microbial ecology is a relationship between microbial species and humans that allow for both sides to benefit. One such example would be syntrophy, also known as cross-feeding, of which 'Methanobacterium omelianskii ' is a classical example. This consortium is formed by an ethanol fermenting organism and a... | Wikipedia - Environmental Microbiology | null | null | null |
Syntrophy has been hypothesized to play a significant role in energy- and nutrient-limited environments, such as deep subsurface, where it can help the microbial community with diverse functional properties to survive, grow and produce maximum amount of energy. Anaerobic oxidation of methane (AOM) is carried out by mut... | Wikipedia - Environmental Microbiology | null | null | null |
The reaction used by the bacterial partner for the production of H2 is endergonic (and so thermodynamically unfavored) however, when coupled to the reaction used by archaeal partner, the overall reaction becomes exergonic. Thus the two organisms are in a mutualistic relationship which allows them to grow and thrive in ... | Wikipedia - Environmental Microbiology | null | null | null |
Mutualism is an interaction between species in which both species benefit. An example is Rhizobium bacteria growing in nodules on the roots of legumes. This relationship between plant and bacteria is endosymbiotic, the bacteria living on the roots of the legume. The plant provides compounds made during photosynthesis t... | Wikipedia - Community ecology | null | null | null |
Whilst Rhizobium is a nitrogen fixing bacteria, providing amino acids or ammonium to the plant.Insects pollinating the flowers of angiosperms, is another example. Many plants are dependent on pollination from a pollinator. A pollinator transfers pollen from the male flower to the female's stigma. | Wikipedia - Community ecology | null | null | null |
This fertilises the flower and enables the plant to reproduce. Bees, such as honeybees, are the most commonly known pollinators. | Wikipedia - Community ecology | null | null | null |
Bees get nectar from the plant that they use as an energy source. Un-transferred pollen provides protein for the bee. The plant benefits through fertilisation, whilst the bee is provided with food. | Wikipedia - Community ecology | null | null | null |
Mutualism is defined as an interaction "between two species or individuals that is beneficial to both". Probably the most widespread example in plants is the mutual beneficial relationship between plants and fungi, known as mycorrhizae. The plant is assisted with nutrient uptake, while the fungus receives carbohydrates... | Wikipedia - Plant ecology | null | null | null |
First, flowers are pollinated by insects. This relationship seems to have its origins in beetles feeding on primitive flowers, eating pollen and also acting (unwittingly) as pollinators. | Wikipedia - Plant ecology | null | null | null |
Second, fruits are eaten by animals, and the animals then disperse the seeds. Thus, the flowering plants actually have three major types of mutualism, since most higher plants also have mycorrhizae.Plants may also have beneficial effects upon one another, but this is less common. Examples might include "nurse plants" w... | Wikipedia - Plant ecology | null | null | null |
Most examples of mutualism, however, are largely beneficial to only one of the partners, and may not really be true mutualism. The term used for these more one-sided relationships, which are mostly beneficial to one participant, is facilitation. Facilitation among neighboring plants may act by reducing the negative imp... | Wikipedia - Plant ecology | null | null | null |
In general, facilitation is more likely to occur in physically stressful environments than in favorable environments, where competition may be the most important interaction among species.Commensalism is similar to facilitation, in that one plant is mostly exploiting another. A familiar example is the epiphytes which g... | Wikipedia - Plant ecology | null | null | null |
Mutualistic networks made up out of the interaction between plants and pollinators were found to have a similar structure in very different ecosystems on different continents, consisting of entirely different species. The structure of these mutualistic networks may have large consequences for the way in which pollinato... | Wikipedia - Mutualism (biology) | null | null | null |
Mutualistic relationships can be thought of as a form of "biological barter" in mycorrhizal associations between plant roots and fungi, with the plant providing carbohydrates to the fungus in return for primarily phosphate but also nitrogenous compounds. Other examples include rhizobia bacteria that fix nitrogen for le... | Wikipedia - Mutualistic network | null | null | null |
Mutually inhibitory processes are a unifying motif of all central pattern generators. This has been demonstrated in the stomatogastric (STG) nervous system of crayfish and lobsters. Two and three-cell oscillating networks based on the STG have been constructed which are amenable to mathematical analysis, and which depe... | Wikipedia - Models of neural computation | null | null | null |
Muʿtazila (Arabic: المعتزلة al-muʿtazilah) emphasized God's justice, free will, and the responsibility of each human being for their actions. They have been called the "best known exponents" of Qadariyah, the idea that human free will was necessary "as a guarantee of divine justice". Compared to Maturidi and Ashʿarī, M... | Wikipedia - Islamic eschatology | null | null | null |
The "divine threat" (al-wa'id) and "divine promise" (al wa'd) became key tenets of the Mu'tazilites,: 173 who stressed that they applied to both Muslims and non-Muslims. This meant that those who committed grave or heinous sins (Kabirah), even Muslims, might denied entry to paradise forever. : 173 The only way for a gr... | Wikipedia - Islamic eschatology | null | null | null |
Mu'tazilites believed God's justice obligated Him to forgive those who had repented (other schools believed He was not so constrained). : 175 The Mu'tazilites stress on individual accountability meant a rejection of intercession (Shafa'a) on behalf of Muhammad. : 178 Another controversial belief of many (but not all): ... | Wikipedia - Islamic eschatology | null | null | null |
This meant rejection of the commonly accepted idea that paradise and hell coexist with the contemporary world. Their reasoning was that since God does everything for a purpose, and since paradise and hell are created to reward or punish people, they will only be created after judegement has been passed on people and th... | Wikipedia - Islamic eschatology | null | null | null |
Mwnci extension can import data from Wikidata to LibreOffice Calc spreadsheets There are (at October 2019) discussions about using QID items in relation to what is being called QID emoji Wiki Explorer – Android application to discover things around you and micro editing Wikidata KDE Itinerary – a privacy conscious open... | Wikipedia - Wikidata | null | null | null |
My Dancing Eyes, a documentary by filmmaker Matt Morris, had participants explain what it is like to live with the eye condition, and was released for free. It was featured on NBN News, and ABC Radio Newcastle, in Australia. Scottish filmmaker Mitchell McKechnie, who has congenital nystagmus, often uses the unique pers... | Wikipedia - Physiologic nystagmus | null | null | null |
MyBatis persistence framework Hibernate (NHibernate) persistence framework | Wikipedia - Data mapper pattern | null | null | null |
MySQL Cluster is implemented as a fully distributed multi-master database ensuring updates made by any application or SQL node are instantly available to all of the other nodes accessing the cluster, and each data node can accept write operations. Data within MySQL Cluster (NDB) tables is automatically partitioned acro... | Wikipedia - MySQL Cluster | null | null | null |
Clients can connect to any node in the cluster and have queries automatically access the correct shards needed to satisfy a query or commit a transaction. MySQL Cluster is able to support cross-shard queries and transactions. Users can define their own partitioning schemes. This allows developers to add “distribution a... | Wikipedia - MySQL Cluster | null | null | null |
MySQL server they divide SQL statements into different type of statement Data Definition Statements Data Manipulation Statements Transactional and Locking Statements Replication Statements Prepared Statements Compound Statement Syntax Database Administration Statements Utility StatementsFor details refer MySQL Transact... | Wikipedia - Data Control Language | null | null | null |
MySQL's original role as the LAMP's relational database management system has since been alternately provisioned by others like PostgreSQL, MariaDB (a community-developed fork of MySQL developed by its original developers), and even NoSQL databases like MongoDB. MySQL is a multithreaded, multi-user, SQL database manage... | Wikipedia - LAMP stack | null | null | null |
Myasthenia Gravis is an autoimmune disease that causes weakness and dysfunction of the patient’s skeletal muscles as a result of extensive neurological damage that destroys the communication between the nerves and the muscles. It has been found that individuals who have Myasthenia Gravis possess high levels of the acet... | Wikipedia - Epigenetics of autoimmune disorders | null | null | null |
When there is a blockade of expression of the CTLA-4 region, as is seen in those with MG, increased T-cell activation occurs and a heightened immune response is observed. The expression of the CTLA-4 generating cytokines that regulate AchR-Ab autoantibodies require further exploration to better understand their mechani... | Wikipedia - Epigenetics of autoimmune disorders | null | null | null |
Mycelium-based composites require a fungi and substrate. “Mycelium” is a term referring to the network of branching fibers, called hyphae, that are created by a fungus to grow and feed. When introduced to a substrate, the fungi will penetrate using their mycelium network, which then breaks down the substrate into basic... | Wikipedia - Mycelium-based materials | null | null | null |
For mycelium-based composites, the substrate is not fully broken down during this process and is instead kept intertwined with the mycelium. The main components of fungi are chitin, polysaccharides, lipids, and proteins. Different compositional amounts of these molecules change the properties of the composites. | Wikipedia - Mycelium-based materials | null | null | null |
This is also true for different substrates. Substrates that have higher amounts of chitin and are harder for the mycelium to break down and lead to a stiffer composite formation.Commonly used species of fungi to grow mycelium are aerobic basidiomycetes, which include Ganoderma sp., Pleurotus sp., and Trametes sp. Basid... | Wikipedia - Mycelium-based materials | null | null | null |
Some characteristics that these species differ in are elasticity, water absorption, and strength. As an example, Trametes hirsuta forms a thicker outer layer of mycelium than Pleurotus ostreatus. This allows the Trametes hirsuta composite to remain flexible and stable in high moisture environments. Additionally, Ganode... | Wikipedia - Mycelium-based materials | null | null | null |
Mycobacteria are aerobic with 0.2-0.6 µm wide and 1.0-10 µm long rod shapes. They are generally non-motile, except for the species Mycobacterium marinum, which has been shown to be motile within macrophages. Mycobacteria possess capsules and most do not form endospores. M. marinum and perhaps M. bovis have been shown t... | Wikipedia - Mycobacterial disease | null | null | null |
Mycobacterium leprae is an intracellular, pleomorphic, non-sporing, non-motile, acid-fast, pathogenic bacterium. It is an aerobic bacillus (rod-shaped bacterium) with parallel sides and round ends, surrounded by the characteristic waxy coating of mycolic acid unique to mycobacteria. It is Gram-positive by Gram staining... | Wikipedia - Mycobacterium leprae | null | null | null |
In size and shape, it closely resembles MTB. The bacteria are found in the granulomatous lesions and are especially numerous in the nodules. This bacteria often occur in large numbers within the lesions of lepromatous leprosy and are usually grouped together as a palisade. By optical microscopy of host cells, Mycobacte... | Wikipedia - Mycobacterium leprae | null | null | null |
Mycobacterium smegmatis porin A (MspA) is the second biological nanopore currently being investigated for DNA sequencing. The MspA pore has been identified as a potential improvement over αHL due to a more favorable structure. The pore is described as a goblet with a thick rim and a diameter of 1.2 nm at the bottom of ... | Wikipedia - Nanopore sequencing | null | null | null |
The natural nanopore was modified to improve translocation by replacing three negatively charged aspartic acids with neutral asparagines.The electric current detection of nucleotides across the membrane has been shown to be tenfold more specific than αHL for identifying bases. Utilizing this improved specificity, a gro... | Wikipedia - Nanopore sequencing | null | null | null |
Mycophenolate mofetil is the morpholino ethyl ester of mycophenolic acid; the ester masks the carboxyl group. Mycophenolate mofetil is reported to have a pKa values of 5.6 for the morpholino moiety and 8.5 for the phenolic group. | Wikipedia - Mycophenolic acid | null | null | null |
Mycoplasma hominis is an opportunistic human mycoplasma species residing in the lower urogenital tract. It is a common human urogenital Mycoplasma species that lacks a cell wall. Due to the absence of the cell wall, M. hominis is innately resistant to β-lactams and to all antibiotics which target the cell wall. Additio... | Wikipedia - Mycoplasma hominis | null | null | null |
This reaps consequences such as a lack of detection by light microscopy, and complex nutritional requirements. Due to the fact that it does not have a cell wall, Mycoplasma hominis does not gram stain although it is surprisingly often described as gram-negative. The morphology is quite variable and seems to depend, in ... | Wikipedia - Mycoplasma hominis | null | null | null |
Different cell forms have been observed varying from coccoid cells to filaments and irregularly shaped structures with coccoid forms and ring- or disc-shaped cells reigning predominant. Coccal forms of the species are associated with binary fission while fragmentary filaments, and budding cells were also encountered. T... | Wikipedia - Mycoplasma hominis | null | null | null |
Mycoplasmas, which are among the smallest self-replicating organisms, are parasitic species that lack a cell wall and periplasmic space, have reduced genomes, and limited metabolic activity. Mycoplasma pneumoniae cells have an elongated shape that is approximately 0.1–0.2 µm (100-200 nm) in width and 1-2 µm (1000-2000 ... | Wikipedia - Mycoplasmal infection | null | null | null |
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