questions stringlengths 37 1.22k | reasoning stringlengths 0 3.56k ⌀ | answers stringlengths 4 138 |
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Mars appears red because of large amounts of which element in the soil?
Here are the choices:
A. iron
B. mercury
C. coal
D. carbon | Viewed from Earth, Mars is red. This is due to large amounts of iron in the soil. The ancient Greeks and Romans named the planet Mars after the god of war because the planet's red color reminded them of blood. Mars has only a very thin atmosphere made up mostly of carbon dioxide. | A: iron. |
What type of rocks are laid down horizontally with the oldest at the bottom?
Here are the choices:
A. sedimentary
B. metamorphic
C. igneous
D. crystalline | Sedimentary rocks are laid down horizontally with the oldest at the bottom. | A: sedimentary. |
What are two types of frozen percipitation?
Here are the choices:
A. snow and hail
B. rain and hail
C. ice and frost
D. icycles and icebergs | Snow falls when water vapor condenses as ice crystals. The air temperature is below freezing all the way to the ground, so the ice crystals remain frozen. They fall as flakes. Sleet forms when snow melts as it falls through a layer of warm air and then refreezes. It turns into small, clear ice pellets as it passes thro... | A: snow and hail. |
The bond between the two nitrogen atoms is a what?
Here are the choices:
A. double bond
B. quadruple bond
C. triple bond
D. single bond | Solution 1. The bond between the two nitrogen atoms is a triple bond. The Lewis diagram for N2 is as follows:. | C: triple bond. |
What are the two most common silicates?
Here are the choices:
A. Petalite and Analcime
B. feldspar and quartz
C. Analcime and Feldspar
D. Petalite and Quartz | Feldspar and quartz are the two most common silicates. In beryl, the silicate pyramids join together as rings. Biotite is mica. The silicate pyramids come together to create thin, flexible sheets. Compare the beryl and the biotite pictured below ( Figure below ). | B: feldspar and quartz. |
Starch is a large, complex carbohydrate made of thousands of _____ joined together?
Here are the choices:
A. glucose divisions ( monomers )
B. glucose orders ( monomers )
C. glucose partitions ( monomers )
D. glucose units (monomers) | Starch is a large, complex carbohydrate made of thousands of glucose units (monomers) joined together. Starches are found in foods such as vegetables and grains. Starches are broken down by the body into sugars that provide energy. Breads and pasta are good sources of complex carbohydrates. | D: glucose units (monomers). |
Newly duplicated chromosomes are divided into two daughter nuclei during what stage?
Here are the choices:
A. prophase
B. mitosis
C. symphysis
D. meiosis | During mitosis, the newly duplicated chromosomes are divided into two daughter nuclei. | B: mitosis. |
As an erythrocyte matures in the red bone marrow, it extrudes its nucleus and most of its other what?
Here are the choices:
A. energy
B. electrons
C. moisture
D. organelles | Shape and Structure of Erythrocytes As an erythrocyte matures in the red bone marrow, it extrudes its nucleus and most of its other organelles. During the first day or two that it is in the circulation, an immature erythrocyte, known as a reticulocyte, will still typically contain remnants of organelles. Reticulocytes ... | D: organelles. |
What is the tube-like device used to reliably measure lower levels of radiation?
Here are the choices:
A. geiger counter
B. weber counter
C. Richter scale
D. MRI machine | These devices are not very sensitive to low levels of radiation, but more sensitive devices are also available that reliably measure the frequency of radioactive events. One such device is the Geiger counter. A Geiger counter is a tube filled with an inert gas that will conduct electricity when exposed to charged radia... | A: geiger counter. |
The conducting zone of the respiratory system includes the organs and structures not directly involved in what?
Here are the choices:
A. gas exchange
B. helium exchange
C. copper exchange
D. gold exchange | Functionally, the respiratory system can be divided into a conducting zone and a respiratory zone. The conducting zone of the respiratory system includes the organs and structures not directly involved in gas exchange. The gas exchange occurs in the respiratory zone. | A: gas exchange. |
Aflatoxins are toxic, carcinogenic compounds released by fungi of this?
Here are the choices:
A. arthropod class
B. genus aspergillus
C. genus sporozoa
D. protist group | Aflatoxins are toxic, carcinogenic compounds released by fungi of the genus Aspergillus. Periodically, harvests of nuts and grains are tainted by aflatoxins, leading to massive recall of produce. This sometimes ruins producers and causes food shortages in developing countries. | B: genus aspergillus. |
Four haploid spermatids form during meiosis from what?
Here are the choices:
A. the ova
B. the zygote
C. the sister chromatic
D. the primary spermatocyte | Maturation of the ovum. Notice only 1 mature ovum, or egg, forms during meiosis from the primary oocyte. Three polar bodies may form during oogenesis. These polar bodies will not form mature gametes. Conversely, four haploid spermatids form during meiosis from the primary spermatocyte. | D: the primary spermatocyte. |
Like people with type 1 diabetes, people with type 2 diabetes must frequently check what level?
Here are the choices:
A. glucose
B. blood sugar
C. heartbeat
D. pulse | Some cases of type 2 diabetes can be cured with weight loss. However, most people with the disease need to take medicine to control their blood sugar. Regular exercise and balanced eating also help, and should be a regular part of the treatment for these people. Like people with type 1 diabetes, people with type 2 diab... | B: blood sugar. |
Many species in rhizaria are among the organisms referred to as what?
Here are the choices:
A. protozoa
B. amoebas
C. prokaryotes
D. fungi | B: amoebas. | |
What is the amount actually produced in a reaction called?
Here are the choices:
A. minimum yield
B. maximum yield
C. individual yield
D. actual yield | In all the previous calculations we have performed involving balanced chemical equations, we made two assumptions: (1) the reaction goes exactly as written, and (2) the reaction proceeds completely. In reality, such things as side reactions occur that make some chemical reactions rather messy. For example, in the actua... | D: actual yield. |
Each group of organisms went through its own evolutionary journey, called what?
Here are the choices:
A. superfamily
B. phylogeny
C. anomalous
D. zoology | CHAPTER SUMMARY 20.1 Organizing Life on Earth Scientists continually gain new information that helps understand the evolutionary history of life on Earth. Each group of organisms went through its own evolutionary journey, called its phylogeny. Each organism shares relatedness with others, and based on morphologic and g... | B: phylogeny. |
What term refers to the emission of material or energy from an atom's nucleus?
Here are the choices:
A. radioactivity
B. microscopic
C. smog
D. stasis | Radioactivity involves the spontaneous emission of material and/or energy from the nucleus of an atom. The most common radioactive atoms have high atomic numbers and contain a large excess of neutrons. Some typical radioactive elements are technetium (atomic number 43), promethium (atomic number 61), and all elements a... | A: radioactivity. |
Which feature in maps allows users to make corrections between magnetic north and true north?
Here are the choices:
A. double compass rose
B. inset
C. scale
D. key | Some maps have a double compass rose. This allows users to make the corrections between magnetic north and true north. An example is a nautical chart that boaters use to chart their positions at sea ( Figure below ). | A: double compass rose. |
What is the term for the maintenance of a steady state despite internal and external changes?
Here are the choices:
A. homeostasis
B. hypothesis
C. equilibrium
D. consciousness | A: homeostasis. | |
Any structure inside a cell that is enclosed by a membrane is called?
Here are the choices:
A. an organelle
B. an enclave
C. a particle
D. an article | The nucleus is an example of an organelle . An organelle is any structure inside a cell that is enclosed by a membrane. Eukaryotic cells may contain many different organelles. Each does a special job. For example, the mitochondrion is an organelle that provides energy to the cell. You can see a mitochondrion and severa... | A: an organelle. |
The earliest vertebrates were jawless what?
Here are the choices:
A. mammals
B. fish
C. reptiles
D. dinosaurs | The earliest vertebrates were jawless fish. They evolved about 550 million years ago. They were probably similar to modern hagfish (see Table above ). The tree diagram in Figure below summarizes how vertebrates evolved from that time forward. | B: fish. |
In which kind of water can less carbon dioxide dissolve?
Here are the choices:
A. tap water
B. warm water
C. cool water
D. salt water | If a solute is a gas, increasing the temperature decreases its solubility. For example, less carbon dioxide can dissolve in warm water than in cold water. | B: warm water. |
The cochlea is a shell-like structure that is full of fluid and lined with nerve cells called what?
Here are the choices:
A. sperm cells
B. red cells
C. hair cells
D. brain cells | The stirrup passes the amplified sound waves to the inner ear through the oval window (see Figure above ). When the oval window vibrates, it causes the cochlea to vibrate as well. The cochlea is a shell-like structure that is full of fluid and lined with nerve cells called hair cells. Each hair cell has tiny hair-like ... | C: hair cells. |
What is an electrically neutral compound with positive and negative ions?
Here are the choices:
A. ionic compound
B. correlated compound
C. isotope
D. neutralized molecule | Most of the rocks and minerals that make up the Earth’s crust are composed of positive and negative ions held together by ionic bonding. An ionic compound is an electrically neutral compound consisting of positive and negative ions. You are very familiar with some ionic compounds such as sodium chloride (NaCl). A sodiu... | A: ionic compound. |
Which direction does the sun, moon, and stars appear to travel?
Here are the choices:
A. west to east
B. north to south
C. south to north
D. east to west | Sun, Moon, and stars appear to travel from east to west each day. | D: east to west. |
Sulfate is used as a cleaning agent because it is acidic and soluble in what substance?
Here are the choices:
A. air
B. water
C. oxygen
D. salt | sulfate is used as a cleaning agent because it is water soluble and acidic. | B: water. |
Triceps and biceps muscles in the upper arm are an example of what type of muscle relationship?
Here are the choices:
A. opposing
B. competitive
C. symbiotic
D. synchronized | Triceps and biceps muscles in the upper arm are opposing muscles. | A: opposing. |
Internal metabolism and the external environment are the sources of heat for what?
Here are the choices:
A. optimization
B. hemeostasis
C. bioaccumulation
D. thermoregulation | D: thermoregulation. | |
What is another term for stored energy?
Here are the choices:
A. inertia
B. latency
C. potential energy
D. mechanical energy | Did you ever see a scene like the one in Figure below ? In many parts of the world, trees lose their leaves in autumn. The leaves turn color and then fall from the trees to the ground. As the leaves are falling, they have kinetic energy. While they are still attached to the trees they also have energy, but it’s not bec... | C: potential energy. |
What occur when elements switch places in compounds?
Here are the choices:
A. chain reaction
B. replacement reactions
C. chemical interaction
D. chemical reaction | Replacement reactions occur when elements switch places in compounds. In a single replacement reaction, one element takes the place of another in a single compound. In a double replacement reaction, two compounds exchange elements. | B: replacement reactions. |
What does the human heart do?
Here are the choices:
A. destroy blood
B. pump blood
C. use blood
D. make blood | The heart of a resting adult pumps blood at a rate of 5.00 3 L/min. (a) Convert this to cm /s . (b) What is this rate in m 3 /s ? 3. Blood is pumped from the heart at a rate of 5.0 L/min into the aorta (of radius 1.0 cm). Determine the speed of blood through the aorta. Blood is flowing through an artery of radius 2 mm ... | B: pump blood. |
What bond is the force of attraction that holds together positive and negative ions?
Here are the choices:
A. magnetic
B. Protonic
C. ionic
D. Electric | An ionic bond is the force of attraction that holds together positive and negative ions. It forms when atoms of a metallic element give up electrons to atoms of a nonmetallic element. Figure below shows how this happens. | C: ionic. |
There are five primary tastes in humans: sweet, sour, bitter, salty, and what?
Here are the choices:
A. umami
B. tangy
C. aroma
D. hot | 36.3 Taste and Smell There are five primary tastes in humans: sweet, sour, bitter, salty, and umami. Each taste has its own receptor type that responds only to that taste. Tastants enter the body and are dissolved in saliva. Taste cells are located within taste buds, which are found on three of the four types of papill... | A: umami. |
Are birds and mammals mainly exothermic or endothermic?
Here are the choices:
A. autotrophic
B. exothermic
C. hypothermic
D. endothermic | D: endothermic. | |
What are the high points in a transverse wave called?
Here are the choices:
A. crests
B. apex
C. waves
D. peaks | A transverse wave is characterized by the high and low points reached by particles of the medium as the wave passes through. The high points are called crests, and the low points are called troughs. You can see both in the Figure below . | A: crests. |
Chemistry and physics are fields in what type of science?
Here are the choices:
A. Biology
B. Botany
C. Meteorology
D. physical | The space shuttle program has been very successful. Over 100 mission have been flown. Space shuttle missions have made many scientific discoveries. Crews have launched many satellites. There have been other great achievements in space. However, the program has also had two tragic disasters. | D: physical. |
Pyramids of net production and biomass reflect what level of efficiency?
Here are the choices:
A. low
B. high
C. extreme
D. medium | A: low. | |
The rate of flow of charge in an electrical circuit is known as what?
Here are the choices:
A. voltage
B. output
C. velocity
D. current | Figure 20.2 The rate of flow of charge is current. An ampere is the flow of one coulomb through an area in one second. | D: current. |
The vertebrate endoskeleton can also be called what?
Here are the choices:
A. deep skeleton
B. structural skeleton
C. internal skeleton
D. exoskeleton | The vertebral column is the core of the vertebrate endoskeleton, or internal skeleton. You can see a human skeleton as an example of the vertebrate endoskeleton in Figure below . In addition to the vertebral column, the vertebrate endoskeleton includes:. | C: internal skeleton. |
What can be used to speed up biochemical reactions?
Here are the choices:
A. proteins
B. enzymes
C. hormones
D. carbohydrates | pH values for several common materials are listed. | B: enzymes. |
The abundance of this substance in the atmosphere is what most scientist agree that is causing global warming?
Here are the choices:
A. argon
B. liquid dioxide
C. iron oxide
D. carbon dioxide | Most scientists agree that global warming is caused by more carbon dioxide in the atmosphere (see Figure below ). This increases the greenhouse effect. There is more carbon dioxide mainly because of the burning of fossil fuels. Destroying forests is another cause. With fewer forests, less carbon dioxide is removed from... | D: carbon dioxide. |
Most cases of syphilis can be cured with what?
Here are the choices:
A. abstinence
B. antibiotics
C. enzymes
D. vitamins | Syphilis is less common than chlamydia or gonorrhea but more serious if untreated. Early symptoms of syphilis infection include a small sore on or near the genitals. The sore is painless and heals on its own, so it may go unnoticed. If treated early, most cases of syphilis can be cured with antibiotics. Untreated syphi... | B: antibiotics. |
How can people access water in an aquifer that does not flow from a spring or a geyser?
Here are the choices:
A. generate electricity
B. evaporation
C. mound building
D. dig a well | Most groundwater does not flow out of an aquifer as a spring or geyser. So to use the water that's stored in an aquifer people must go after it. How? They dig a well. A well is a hole that is dug or drilled through the ground down to an aquifer. This is illustrated in Figure below . | D: dig a well. |
What is the term for animals that have a backbone?
Here are the choices:
A. herbivores
B. vertebrates
C. carnivores
D. invertebrates | The first eight phyla listed in Table above include only invertebrate animals. Invertebrates are animals that lack a vertebral column , or backbone . The last phylum in the table, the Chordata, also includes many invertebrate species. Tunicates and lancelets are both invertebrates. Altogether, invertebrates make up at ... | B: vertebrates. |
What type of animal that eats only or mainly insects?
Here are the choices:
A. heterotrophic
B. herbivores
C. anaerobic
D. invertebrates | heterotrophic animal that eats only or mainly insects. | A: heterotrophic. |
What do you call the zone in a body of water where there is too little sunlight for photosynthesis?
Here are the choices:
A. observable zone
B. Dark Zone
C. aphotic zone
D. semimetal zone | Neurons are usually classified based on the role they play in the body. Two main types of neurons are sensory neurons and motor neurons. | C: aphotic zone. |
The sweat glands of the armpit are classified as these?
Here are the choices:
A. apocrine glands
B. adrenal glands
C. pineal glands
D. mucus glands | Apocrine secretion accumulates near the apical portion of the cell. That portion of the cell and its secretory contents pinch off from the cell and are released. The sweat glands of the armpit are classified as apocrine glands. Both merocrine and apocrine glands continue to produce and secrete their contents with littl... | A: apocrine glands. |
Chitin is a substance that is found in what part of animals like beetles and lobsters?
Here are the choices:
A. tails
B. brains
C. eggs
D. shell | The cell walls in many species of fungi contain chitin. Chitin is tough carbohydrate found in the shells of animals such as beetles and lobsters. The cell wall of a plant is made of cellulose, not chitin. | D: shell. |
What kind of air does a continental polar air mass hold?
Here are the choices:
A. cool moist air
B. warm dry air
C. cold dry air
D. frigid wet air | An air mass takes on the conditions of the area where it forms. For example, a continental polar air mass has cold dry air. A maritime polar air mass has cold moist air. Which air masses have warm moist air? Where do they form?. | C: cold dry air. |
What do you call taxes placed on products that produce carbon dioxide?
Here are the choices:
A. carbon taxes
B. chemical tax
C. pollution tax
D. emission tax | Carbon taxes are taxes placed on products that produce carbon dioxide. An example of this is gasoline for your car. The taxes encourage people to use less fossil fuel. This naturally reduces carbon dioxide emissions. | A: carbon taxes. |
What does the coefficient in front of an element in a formula indicate?
Here are the choices:
A. place on the Periodic Table
B. number of atoms
C. time of the reaction
D. how much is involved in the reaction | In chemical equations, reactants and products are represented by chemical symbols and formulas. Numbers called coefficients are placed in front of the symbols and formulas to show how much of each substance is involved in the reaction. | D: how much is involved in the reaction. |
Behaviors that occur naturally and are not learned are called what?
Here are the choices:
A. acquired
B. adaptive
C. intuitive
D. innate | Many animal behaviors are ways that animals act, naturally. They don’t have to learn how to behave in these ways. Cats are natural-born hunters. They don’t need to learn how to hunt. Spiders spin their complex webs without learning how to do it from other spiders. Birds and wasps know how to build nests without being t... | D: innate. |
Which is the dominant stage of the lifecycle of a fern?
Here are the choices:
A. larvae
B. gametophyte
C. sporophyte
D. zygote | The dominant stage of the lifecycle of a fern is the sporophyte, which consists of large compound leaves called fronds. Fronds fulfill a double role; they are photosynthetic organs that also carry reproductive organs. The stem may be buried underground as a rhizome, from which adventitious roots grow to absorb water an... | C: sporophyte. |
What is a specific region in space within which a sensory receptor is responsive to stimuli?
Here are the choices:
A. receptive field
B. amplify field
C. deceptive field
D. symmetrical field | CHAPTER SUMMARY 36.1 Sensory Processes A sensory activation occurs when a physical or chemical stimulus is processed into a neural signal (sensory transduction) by a sensory receptor. Perception is an individual interpretation of a sensation and is a brain function. Humans have special senses: olfaction, gustation, equ... | A: receptive field. |
What changes from heat or pressure during metamorphism?
Here are the choices:
A. minerals
B. carbohydrates
C. grains
D. fossils | Metamorphism does not cause a rock to melt completely. It only causes the minerals to change by heat or pressure. If the rock melts completely, it will cool to become an igneous rock. | A: minerals. |
Do most substances increase or decrease in size when they change from a liquid to a solid?
Here are the choices:
A. it is unable to be measured
B. stay the same
C. increase
D. decrease | This is how ice wedging works. When liquid water changes into solid ice, it increases in volume. You see this when you fill an ice cube tray with water and put it in the freezer. The ice cubes go to a higher level in the tray than the water. You also may have seen this if you put a can of soda into the freezer so that ... | D: decrease. |
The highest point of a wave is called?
Here are the choices:
A. surge
B. threshold
C. crest
D. frequency | Figure above also shows how the size of waves is measured. The highest point of a wave is the crest. The lowest point is the trough. The vertical distance between a crest and a trough is the height of the wave. Wave height is also called amplitude. The horizontal distance between two crests is the wavelength. Both ampl... | C: crest. |
What is the smallest part of an element called?
Here are the choices:
A. neutron
B. atom
C. nucleus
D. core | The smallest particle of an element that still has the properties of that element is the atom . Atoms actually consist of smaller particles, including protons and electrons, but these smaller particles are the same for all elements. All the atoms of an element are like one another, and are different from the atoms of a... | B: atom. |
Dermal tissue covers the outside of a plant in a single layer of cells called what?
Here are the choices:
A. scales
B. the epidermis
C. cambium layer
D. cuticle | Dermal tissue covers the outside of a plant in a single layer of cells called the epidermis . You can think of the epidermis as the plant’s skin. It mediates most of the interactions between a plant and its environment. Epidermal cells secrete a waxy substance called cuticle , which coats, waterproofs, and protects the... | B: the epidermis. |
After fluid collects in nephron tubules in the kidney, where does it move to?
Here are the choices:
A. the uterus
B. the spleen
C. the prostate
D. the bladder | The location of nephrons in the kidney. The fluid collects in the nephron tubules and moves to the bladder through the ureter. | D: the bladder. |
What are external skeletons known as?
Here are the choices:
A. tentacles
B. exoskins
C. exoskeletons
D. scales | By the beginning of the Paleozoic, organisms had developed shells. Shells could hold their soft tissues together. They could protect the organisms from predators and from drying out. Some organisms evolved external skeletons, called exoskeletons. Organisms with hard parts also make good fossils. Fossils from the Cambri... | C: exoskeletons. |
What is the name for the process where data in the genes is transferred to amino acids?
Here are the choices:
A. mutation
B. translation
C. transpiration
D. generation | Remember that proteins are made out of amino acids. How does the information in the gene get converted from the language of nucleotides to the language of amino acids? The process is called translation . The amino acids are placed in a specific order during translation. The order is specified by the codons in the mRNA,... | B: translation. |
What play an important role in the modulation of the nuclear chain reaction?
Here are the choices:
A. control rods
B. control neutrons
C. radiation rods
D. particle rods | The control rods play an important role in the modulation of the nuclear chain reaction (usually a collision of a neutron with uranium). Each collision produces more neutrons than were present initially. If left unsupervised, the reaction would soon get out of control. Rods are commonly made of boron or a number of met... | A: control rods. |
What preventative measure is often delivered by injection into the arm?
Here are the choices:
A. vaccine
B. anesthesia
C. medication
D. infection | Figure 42.18 Vaccines are often delivered by injection into the arm. (credit: U. Navy Photographer's Mate Airman Apprentice Christopher D. Blachly). | A: vaccine. |
From observations as simple as blowing up a balloon, it is clear that increasing the amount of gas increases what else?
Here are the choices:
A. every volume
B. the volume
C. the shift
D. area | The combined gas law, , is true for a particular sample of gas. If any gas is added or allowed to leak out, however, the relationship is lost. In order to get a relationship that is true for any sample of gas, it is necessary to incorporate a term for the amount of gas. From observations as simple as blowing up a ballo... | B: the volume. |
What is the scientific term for the amount of light reflected by a surface?
Here are the choices:
A. inversion
B. albedo
C. prism
D. reactivity | Albedo is the amount of light reflected by a surface. Sea ice has an albedo of .85, meaning 85% of light is reflected back from its surface (and leaves the Earth) and 15% is absorbed and stays in the Earth; ice-free water has an albedo of .07. (93% of the solar energy is absorbed. ) Thus the observed melting of sea ice... | B: albedo. |
What part of the muscle fibers cause shortening and contraction?
Here are the choices:
A. fasciae
B. myofibrils
C. collagen
D. pores | The sliding-and-shortening process occurs all along many myofibrils and in many muscle fibers. It causes the muscle fibers to shorten and the muscle to contract. | B: myofibrils. |
How many electrons are in the hydrogen atom?
Here are the choices:
A. one
B. three
C. two
D. five | For the hydrogen atom, there is no problem since there is only one electron in the H atom. However, when we get to helium we see that the first three quantum numbers for the two electrons are the same: same energy level, same spherical shape. What differentiates the two helium electrons is their spin. One of the electr... | A: one. |
If a solution contains so much solute that its solubility limit is reached, the solution is said to be what?
Here are the choices:
A. temperatures
B. carbohydrates
C. Over done
D. saturated | If a solution contains so much solute that its solubility limit is reached, the solution is said to be saturated, and its concentration is known from information contained inTable 9.2 "Solubilities of Various Solutes in Water at 25°C (Except as Noted)". If a solution contains less solute than the solubility limit, it i... | D: saturated. |
What term describes waves that transfer energy through matter?
Here are the choices:
A. mechanical waves
B. mechanical currents
C. temperature waves
D. energy currents | Ocean waves are among the most impressive waves in the world. They clearly show that waves transfer energy. In the case of ocean waves, energy is transferred through matter. But some waves, called electromagnetic waves, can transfer energy without traveling through matter. These waves can travel through space. You can ... | A: mechanical waves. |
What is the name of the mechanism in which sounds are encoded in microwaves by changing their frequency?
Here are the choices:
A. shape modulation
B. mechanical modulation
C. frequency modulation
D. molecular modulation | Cell phone signals are carried through the air as microwaves. You can see how this works in the Figure below . A cell phone encodes the sounds of the caller’s voice in microwaves by changing the frequency of the waves. This is called frequency modulation. The encoded microwaves are then sent from the phone through the ... | C: frequency modulation. |
Grasses such as wheat, rice, and corn are examples of fibrous root systems. fibrous root systems are found in monocots; tap root systems are found in these?
Here are the choices:
A. gymnosperms
B. monocots
C. dicots
D. mosses | has a single main root that grows down. A fibrous root system forms a dense network of roots that is closer to the soil surface. An example of a tap root system is a carrot. Grasses such as wheat, rice, and corn are examples of fibrous root systems. Fibrous root systems are found in monocots; tap root systems are found... | C: dicots. |
Humans have about 20,000 to 22,000 genes scattered among 23 of these?
Here are the choices:
A. ribosomes
B. chromosomes
C. neutrons
D. atoms | The nucleus is a membrane-enclosed organelle found in most eukaryotic cells. The nucleus is the largest organelle in the cell and contains most of the cell's genetic information (mitochondria also contain DNA, called mitochondrial DNA, but it makes up just a small percentage of the cell’s overall DNA content). The gene... | B: chromosomes. |
What is the term for the use of radioactive decay to estimate the ages of fossils and rock?
Here are the choices:
A. isotope test
B. radioactive dating
C. microwave theory
D. radioactive illustrating | Radioactive dating is the use of radioactive decay to estimate the ages of fossils and rocks. An example is carbon-14 dating. | B: radioactive dating. |
On which ridge does iceland sit?
Here are the choices:
A. mid-atlantic ridge
B. Arctic circle
C. Antarctic ridge
D. Pacific rim | Most mid-ocean ridges are located deep below the sea. The island of Iceland sits right on the Mid-Atlantic ridge ( Figure below ). | A: mid-atlantic ridge. |
How are the major families of organic compounds characterized?
Here are the choices:
A. Their optic groups
B. their thermal groups
C. their functional groups
D. their visual groups | In Chapter 2 "Molecules, Ions, and Chemical Formulas" and Chapter 5 "Energy Changes in Chemical Reactions", you were introduced to several structural units that chemists use to classify organic compounds and predict their reactivities. Thesefunctional groups, which determine the chemical reactivity of a molecule under ... | C: their functional groups. |
What do chemotrophs extract energy from?
Here are the choices:
A. carbon compounds
B. fatty compounds
C. chemical compounds
D. liquid compounds | A living cell is a system that is not in equilibrium with its surroundings; it requires a constant input of energy to maintain its nonequilibrium state. Cells maintain a low-entropy state by increasing the entropy of their surroundings. Aerobic organisms cannot survive in the absence of O2, whereas anaerobic organisms ... | C: chemical compounds. |
Involved in balance, the semicircular canals are parts of what organs?
Here are the choices:
A. ovaries
B. ears
C. eyes
D. lungs | The parts of the ears involved in balance are the semicircular canals. These are the curved structures above the cochlea in the inner ear in Figure above . Like the cochlea, the semicircular canals contain liquid and are lined with tiny hair cells. As the head changes position, the liquid moves. This causes the hair ce... | B: ears. |
Injuries can be prevented by getting proper what?
Here are the choices:
A. water and clothing
B. rest and recovery
C. drugs and food
D. exercise and training | Injuries can also be prevented by proper rest and recovery. If you do not get enough rest, your body will become injured and will not react well to exercise, or improve. You can also rest by doing a different activity. For example, if you run, you can rest your running muscles and joints by swimming. | B: rest and recovery. |
Some leaves are attached to the plant stem by a petiole. leaves that do not have a petiole and are directly attached to the plant stem are called this?
Here are the choices:
A. globular leaves
B. sessile leaves
C. transverse leaves
D. sheath leaves | Structure of a Typical Leaf Each leaf typically has a leaf blade called the lamina, which is also the widest part of the leaf. Some leaves are attached to the plant stem by a petiole. Leaves that do not have a petiole and are directly attached to the plant stem are called sessile leaves. Small green appendages usually ... | B: sessile leaves. |
What is water vapor density known as?
Here are the choices:
A. thickness
B. density
C. ambiance
D. humidity | saturation vapor density given in the table. Strategy To solve this problem, we need to break it down into a two steps. The partial pressure follows the ideal gas law,. | D: humidity. |
What is the name for the transfer of thermal energy between particles of matter that are touching?
Here are the choices:
A. convection
B. activation
C. induction
D. conduction | Conduction is the transfer of thermal energy between particles of matter that are touching. Thermal conduction occurs when particles of warmer matter bump into particles of cooler matter and transfer some of their thermal energy to the cooler particles. Conduction is usually faster in certain solids and liquids than in... | D: conduction. |
The mean free path for a gaseous molecule will be hundreds of times the what of the molecule?
Here are the choices:
A. density
B. variation
C. weight
D. diameter | If you have ever been in a room when a piping hot pizza was delivered, you have been made aware of the fact that gaseous molecules can quickly spread throughout a room, as evidenced by the pleasant aroma that soon reaches your nose. Although gaseous molecules travel at tremendous speeds (hundreds of meters per second),... | D: diameter. |
What is the most common fossil fuel?
Here are the choices:
A. uranium
B. coal
C. methane
D. diesel oil | Many of the problems with fossil fuels are worse for coal than for oil or natural gas. Burning coal releases more carbon dioxide than either oil or natural gas. Yet coal is the most common fossil fuel, so we continue to burn large amounts of it. That makes coal the biggest contributor to global warming. | B: coal. |
The weather conditions in an area over time is also called a what?
Here are the choices:
A. biome
B. habitat
C. landscape
D. climate | D: climate. | |
Chemical symbols are useful to concisely represent the elements present in a substance. the letters usually come from the name of what?
Here are the choices:
A. month
B. element
C. scientist
D. discoverer | Chemical symbols are useful to concisely represent the elements present in a substance. The letters usually come from the name of the element. | B: element. |
Cell transport refers to the movement of substances across what structure?
Here are the choices:
A. cell wall
B. phloem
C. cell membrane
D. chloroplasm | Cell transport refers to the movement of substances across the cell membrane. Probably the most important feature of a cell’s phospholipid membranes is that they are selectively permeable. A membrane that is selectively permeable , or semipermeable, has control over what molecules or ions can enter or leave the cell, a... | C: cell membrane. |
What term describes the rate at which a device changes electric current to another form of energy?
Here are the choices:
A. kinetic energy
B. electric power
C. voltage
D. kilowatts | The rate at which a device changes electric current to another form of energy is called electric power . The SI unit of power—including electric power—is the watt. A watt equals 1 joule of energy per second. High wattages are often expressed in kilowatts, where 1 kilowatt equals 1000 watts. The power of an electric dev... | B: electric power. |
What happens when a sodium atom loses an electron?
Here are the choices:
A. gains a proton
B. combines with hydrogen
C. becomes sodium ion
D. becomes calcium | By losing an electron, the sodium atom becomes a sodium ion. It now has one less electron than protons, giving it a charge of +1. Positive ions such as sodium are given the same name as the element. The chemical symbol has a plus sign to distinguish the ion from an atom of the element. The symbol for a sodium ion is Na... | C: becomes sodium ion. |
When a fluorine atom gains an electron, it becomes a negative what?
Here are the choices:
A. hydrogen ion
B. sulfide ion
C. potassium ion
D. fluoride ion | When a fluorine atom gains an electron, it becomes a negative fluoride ion. | D: fluoride ion. |
The endocrine system consists of cells, tissues, and organs that secrete what critical to homeostasis?
Here are the choices:
A. antibodies
B. hormones
C. acids
D. saliva | CHAPTER REVIEW 17.1 An Overview of the Endocrine System The endocrine system consists of cells, tissues, and organs that secrete hormones critical to homeostasis. The body coordinates its functions through two major types of communication: neural and endocrine. Neural communication includes both electrical and chemical... | B: hormones. |
What is formed when two dna strands link together in an antiparallel direction and are twisted?
Here are the choices:
A. anti-helix
B. guanine
C. double helix
D. RNA | Two DNA strands link together in an antiparallel direction and are twisted to form a double helix. The nitrogenous bases face the inside of the helix. Guanine is always opposite cytosine, and adenine is always opposite thymine. | C: double helix. |
Particles of a gas are constantly moving and bumping into things. this gives gases what?
Here are the choices:
A. resistance
B. strength
C. pressure
D. velocity | Particles of a gas are constantly moving and bumping into things. This gives gases pressure. | C: pressure. |
Which part of a leaf contains openings known as stomata, through which the exchange of gases takes place?
Here are the choices:
A. epidermis
B. stoma
C. cuticle
D. phloem | Which layers of the stem are made of parenchyma cells? a. cortex and pith b. phloem c. sclerenchyma d. xylem Like the rest of the plant, the stem has three tissue systems: dermal, vascular, and ground tissue. Each is distinguished by characteristic cell types that perform specific tasks necessary for the plant’s growth... | A: epidermis. |
Which system transports oxygens to cells?
Here are the choices:
A. nervous system
B. circulatory system
C. oxy system
D. vascular system | An important function of the circulatory system is transporting oxygen to cells. | B: circulatory system. |
What is the part of a plant whose primary role is to collect sunlight and make food by photosynthesis?
Here are the choices:
A. stems
B. roots
C. leaves
D. seeds | Leaves are the keys not only to plant life but to all terrestrial life. The primary role of leaves is to collect sunlight and make food by photosynthesis. Despite the fundamental importance of the work they do, there is great diversity in the leaves of plants. However, given the diversity of habitats in which plants li... | C: leaves. |
Technically, any redox reaction can be set up to make a what?
Here are the choices:
A. voltaic cell
B. Black Cell
C. blocky cell
D. skaht cell | Technically, any redox reaction can be set up to make a voltaic cell. In modern society, however, only certain redox reactions are put to practical use. A portable voltaic cell that generates electricity to power devices for our convenience is called a battery. All batteries are based on redox reactions. The first batt... | A: voltaic cell. |
What percentage of all species that ever lived on earth have gone extinct?
Here are the choices:
A. 93 %
B. 50%
C. 99%
D. 25% | Over 99 percent of all species that ever lived on Earth have gone extinct. Five mass extinctions are recorded in the fossil record. They were caused by major geologic and climatic events. Evidence shows that a sixth mass extinction is occurring now. Unlike previous mass extinctions, the sixth extinction is due to human... | C: 99%. |
What is the diffusion of water known as?
Here are the choices:
A. osmosis
B. evaporation
C. hemostasis
D. electrolysis | Osmosis is the special case of the diffusion of water. It's an important means of transport in cells because the fluid inside and outside cells is mostly water. Water can pass through the cell membrane by simple diffusion, but it can happen more quickly with the help of channel proteins. Water moves in or out of a cell... | A: osmosis. |
What is it called when plants release water vapor through their leaves?
Here are the choices:
A. eutrophication
B. photosynthesis
C. evaporation
D. transpiration | Transpiration is like evaporation because it changes liquid water to water vapor. In transpiration, plants release water vapor through their leaves ( Figure below ). This water vapor rises into the atmosphere. | D: transpiration. |
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