questions stringlengths 37 1.22k | reasoning stringlengths 0 3.56k ⌀ | answers stringlengths 4 138 |
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Earth goes through regular changes in its position relative to?
Here are the choices:
A. saturn
B. the moon
C. mars
D. the sun | Earth goes through regular changes in its position relative to the Sun. Its orbit changes slightly. Earth also wobbles on its axis of rotation. The planet also changes the tilt on its axis. These changes can affect Earth’s temperature. | D: the sun. |
A symporter carries how many different molecules or ions in the same direction?
Here are the choices:
A. two
B. three
C. one
D. four | Figure 5.17 A uniporter carries one molecule or ion. A symporter carries two different molecules or ions, both in the same direction. An antiporter also carries two different molecules or ions, but in different directions. (credit: modification of work by “Lupask”/Wikimedia Commons). | A: two. |
Large amounts of fuel are stored in skeletal muscles, adipose tissues and what organ?
Here are the choices:
A. liver
B. skin
C. kidney
D. spleen | A: liver. | |
Intrusive igneous rocks cool from magma slowly in the crust and have large what?
Here are the choices:
A. crystals
B. pores
C. coal deposits
D. atoms | Intrusive igneous rocks cool from magma slowly in the crust. They have large crystals. | A: crystals. |
What is the term used for the ability of salamanders to grow back lost limbs and other body parts?
Here are the choices:
A. regeneration
B. transformation
C. expansion
D. extraction | Salamanders are carnivorous , eating only other animals, not plants. They will eat almost any smaller animal, such as worms, centipedes, crickets, spiders, and slugs. Some will even eat small invertebrates. Finally, salamanders have the ability to grow back lost limbs, as well as other body parts. This process is known... | A: regeneration. |
A winter storm is called what?
Here are the choices:
A. snow storm
B. blizzard
C. gale
D. tempest | A storm is an episode of severe weather caused by a major disturbance in the atmosphere. Storms can vary a lot in the time they last and in how severe they are. A storm may last for less than an hour or for more than a week. It may affect just a few square kilometers or thousands. Some storms are harmless and some are ... | B: blizzard. |
The trochophre, a unique larval form, is found in the life cycle of which animal classification.
Here are the choices:
A. sharks
B. mollusks
C. coral
D. eels | Mollusks reproduce sexually. Most species have separate male and female sexes. Gametes are released into the mantle cavity. Fertilization may be internal or external, depending on the species. Fertilized eggs develop into larvae. There may be one or more larval stages. Each one is different from the adult stage. Mollus... | B: mollusks. |
Within organs, arteries branch into what small vessels that convey blood to the capillaries?
Here are the choices:
A. arterioles
B. Metarterioles
C. blood valves
D. aeortic vessels | A: arterioles. | |
Diamond is extremely hard because of the strong bonding between ______ in all directions?
Here are the choices:
A. hydrogen atoms
B. liquid atoms
C. consistent atoms
D. carbon atoms | Figure 10.43 Diamond is extremely hard because of the strong bonding between carbon atoms in all directions. Graphite (in pencil lead) rubs off onto paper due to the weak attractions between the carbon layers. An image of a graphite surface shows the distance between the centers of adjacent carbon atoms. (credit left p... | D: carbon atoms. |
Vertebrates. from the smallest of fish to us. one of the main features we all have in common is our what?
Here are the choices:
A. laying eggs
B. backbone
C. hair
D. warm blood | Vertebrates. From the smallest of fish to us. One of the main features we all have in common is our backbone. Vertebrates describes main biological features of fish, amphibians, reptiles, birds, and mammals. | B: backbone. |
The fight or flight response and similar responses are controlled by what part of the nervous system?
Here are the choices:
A. cells
B. spinal cord
C. autonomous
D. central nervous system | Image copyright CREATISTA, 2014. The autonomous nervous system controls responses such as fight or flight . Used under license from Shutterstock. com. | C: autonomous. |
Deposition refers to when a gas changes to what state?
Here are the choices:
A. half liquid half gas
B. plasma
C. solid
D. liquid | Deposition is the change of state from a gas to a solid. | C: solid. |
Nuclear changes occur with a simultaneous release of what, and a slight drop in mass?
Here are the choices:
A. mineral
B. energy
C. hydrogen
D. oil | Nuclear changes occur with a simultaneous release of energy. Where does this energy come from? If we could precisely measure the masses of the reactants and the products of a nuclear reaction, we would notice that the amount of mass drops slightly in the conversion from reactants to products. Consider the following nuc... | B: energy. |
The way of learning that involves reward and punishment is called?
Here are the choices:
A. mixed
B. pressure
C. foolish
D. conditioning | Conditioning is a way of learning that involves a reward or punishment. If you ever trained a dog to obey a command, you probably gave the dog a tasty treat each time he performed the desired behavior. It may not have been very long before the dog would reliably follow the command in order to get the treat. This is an ... | D: conditioning. |
The sodium-potassium pump is an active transport pump that exchanges sodium ions for what?
Here are the choices:
A. nitrogen ions
B. oxygen ions
C. potassium ions
D. chlorine ions | The sodium-potassium pump is an active transport pump that exchanges sodium ions for potassium ions. | C: potassium ions. |
Mass multiplied by velocity equals what force?
Here are the choices:
A. bounce
B. kinetic energy
C. inertia
D. momentum | - Momentum equals mass multiplied by velocity. It is a vector, direction must be considered. Always define a positive direction and be consistent. | D: momentum. |
How many years ago did early amniotes diverge into two groups?
Here are the choices:
A. 20 million years
B. .175 million years
C. .416 million years
D. 320 million years | By about 320 million years ago, early amniotes had diverged into two groups, called synapsids and sauropsids. Synapsids were amniotes that eventually gave rise to mammals. Sauropsids were amniotes that evolved into reptiles, dinosaurs, and birds. The two groups of amniotes differed in their skulls. The earliest known r... | D: 320 million years. |
The intensity or rate of radiation emission _________ with temperature?
Here are the choices:
A. does not vary
B. increases
C. decreases
D. randomly fluctuates | Figure 29.3 Graphs of blackbody radiation (from an ideal radiator) at three different radiator temperatures. The intensity or rate of radiation emission increases dramatically with temperature, and the peak of the spectrum shifts toward the visible and ultraviolet parts of the spectrum. The shape of the spectrum cannot... | B: increases. |
For the most part, cognitive functions reside where?
Here are the choices:
A. the cortex
B. the spine
C. the limbic system
D. the heart | A: the cortex. | |
What is the term for the force exerted by circulating blood on the walls of blood vessels?
Here are the choices:
A. blood pressure
B. heart pressure
C. circulation pressure
D. blood energy | The force exerted by circulating blood on the walls of blood vessels is called blood pressure . Blood pressure is highest in arteries and lowest in veins. When you have your blood pressure checked, it is the blood pressure in arteries that is measured. High blood pressure, or hypertension , is a serious health risk but... | A: blood pressure. |
What does the precise pattern of a crystal depend on?
Here are the choices:
A. mass
B. compound
C. age
D. chance | A crystal contains a three-dimensional array of alternating positive and negative ions. The precise pattern depends on the compound. A crystal of sodium chloride, shown here, is a collection of alternating sodium and chlorine ions. | B: compound. |
Learning to get used to something after being exposed to it for a while is associated with what kind of learning?
Here are the choices:
A. association
B. habituation
C. assimilation
D. dissociation | Habituation is learning to get used to something after being exposed to it for a while. Habituation usually involves getting used to something that is annoying or frightening, but not dangerous. Habituation is one of the simplest ways of learning. It occurs in just about every species of animal. | B: habituation. |
Is the digestive tract of many sharks longer or shorter than many other vertebrates?
Here are the choices:
A. shorter
B. longer
C. heavier
D. narrower | A: shorter. | |
In the case of the thyroid hormone pathway, thyroid hormone itself carries out what kind of feedback?
Here are the choices:
A. negative
B. continued
C. positive
D. effective | A: negative. | |
What increases the size of a population's gene pool?
Here are the choices:
A. microbes
B. mass extinction
C. mutations
D. natural selection | A gene pool is the complete set of unique alleles in a species or population. Mutations create variation in the gene pool. Populations with a large gene pool are said to be genetically diverse and very robust. They are able to survive intense times of natural selection against certain phenotypes. During these times of ... | C: mutations. |
The heart and the arteries and veins are associated with what system of the body?
Here are the choices:
A. respiration
B. digestion
C. metabolism
D. cardiovascular | Cardiovascular System: Arteriosclerosis Compliance allows an artery to expand when blood is pumped through it from the heart, and then to recoil after the surge has passed. This helps promote blood flow. In arteriosclerosis, compliance is reduced, and pressure and resistance within the vessel increase. This is a leadin... | D: cardiovascular. |
What do scientists believe are the oldest eukaryotes?
Here are the choices:
A. prokaryotes
B. worms
C. protists
D. arthropods | Scientists think that protists are the oldest eukaryotes. They most likely evolved from prokaryotic cells, as explained by the endosymbiotic theory. This theory is well-supported by evidence. | C: protists. |
What are used to balance chemical equations?
Here are the choices:
A. coefficients
B. densities
C. outputs
D. isotopes | Coefficients are used to balance chemical equations. A coefficient is a number placed in front of a chemical symbol or formula. It shows how many atoms or molecules of the substance are involved in the reaction. | A: coefficients. |
Endothermic and exothermic reactions differ in whether the products or reactants store more of what?
Here are the choices:
A. chemical energy
B. Motion energy
C. Thermal energy
D. Kinetic Energy | A: The energy is stored in the bonds of the products as chemical energy. In an endothermic reaction, the products have more stored chemical energy than the reactants. This is represented by the graph on the left in the Figure below . In an exothermic reaction, the opposite is true. The products have less stored chemica... | A: chemical energy. |
What is the conversion of metals from their ores to more useful forms called?
Here are the choices:
A. nanotechnology
B. thermodynamics
C. crystallography
D. metallurgy | Summary The conversion of metals from their ores to more useful forms is calledmetallurgy, which consists of three general steps: mining, separation and concentration, and reduction. Settling and flotation are separation methods based on differences in density, whereas pyrometallurgy is based on a chemical reduction at... | D: metallurgy. |
What is the predominant stage in the life cycle of most scyphozoans?
Here are the choices:
A. medusa
B. gamete
C. spore
D. hydra | A: medusa. | |
The reaction of an alkyl halide with an inorganic hydroxide base at elevated temperature produces what?
Here are the choices:
A. an alcohol
B. blood
C. yeast
D. methane | The reaction of an alkyl halide with an inorganic hydroxide base at elevated temperature produces an alcohol. The molecular reaction to produce methanol from iodomethane and sodium hydroxide is shown below. | A: an alcohol. |
What sequence is the primary structure of a protein?
Here are the choices:
A. processed acid sequence
B. amino acid sequence
C. proteins acid sequence
D. nucleic acid sequence | The amino acid sequence is the primary structure of a protein. As explained in Figure below , a protein may have up to four levels of structure, from primary to quaternary. The complex structure of a protein allows it to carry out its biological functions. | B: amino acid sequence. |
What are used to lift large masses of magnetic materials such as scrap iron, rolls of steel, and auto parts?
Here are the choices:
A. screws
B. electromagnets
C. Tape
D. Glue | Electromagnets find use in many practical applications. Electromagnets are used to lift large masses of magnetic materials such as scrap iron, rolls of steel, and auto parts. | B: electromagnets. |
Carbon behaves as a metal because it conducts which two things well?
Here are the choices:
A. heat and water
B. heat and magnetism
C. heat and electricity
D. electricity and oxygen | Carbon behaves as a metal because it conducts heat and electricity well. It is a nonmetal because it is black and brittle and cannot be made into sheets or wires. | C: heat and electricity. |
What is the first direct action of growth hormone?
Here are the choices:
A. stimulation of triglyceride production
B. stimulation of monoglyceride production
C. stimulation of monoglyceride breakdown
D. stimulation of triglyceride breakdown | Hormonal Regulation of Growth Hormonal regulation is required for the growth and replication of most cells in the body. Growth hormone (GH), produced by the anterior portion of the pituitary gland, accelerates the rate of protein synthesis, particularly in skeletal muscle and bones. Growth hormone has direct and indire... | D: stimulation of triglyceride breakdown. |
What contains the spore-forming asci?
Here are the choices:
A. flagella
B. the ascocarps
C. sporozoa
D. mushroom cap | B: the ascocarps. | |
Fruit fly and brine shrimp hox genes have evolved independently for how long?
Here are the choices:
A. 60.000 million years
B. 100.32 million years
C. 400 million years
D. one billion | C: 400 million years. | |
Yolk is a very fragile substance found in the eggs of reptiles and needs protection. what serves as protection for the yolk?
Here are the choices:
A. yolk sac
B. fish sac
C. eye sac
D. dish sac | A: yolk sac. | |
What do tadpoles change into?
Here are the choices:
A. adult frogs
B. toads
C. mud puppies
D. reptiles | Tadpoles go through many changes to become adult frogs. | A: adult frogs. |
Earthworms and segmented worms belong to what phylum?
Here are the choices:
A. protazoa
B. nematoda
C. bryozoa
D. annelida | The phylum Annelida is made up of segmented worms such as earthworms . Segmented worms are divided into many repeating segments. There are roughly 15,000 species of annelids. Most belong to one of three classes. A species in each class is pictured in Figure below . See The Cambrian Explosion at http://www. pbs. org/kce... | D: annelida. |
What are most stis caused by?
Here are the choices:
A. parasites
B. vaccines
C. viruses
D. bacteria | Many STIs are caused by bacteria. Some of the most common bacterial STIs are chlamydia, gonorrhea, and syphilis. Bacterial STIs can be cured with antibiotics. | D: bacteria. |
What is the term for matter that does not let any light pass through it, whether it absorbs light, reflects light, or does both?
Here are the choices:
A. artificial
B. devoid
C. opaque
D. obscene | Opaque matter is matter that does not let any light pass through it. Matter may be opaque because it absorbs light, reflects light, or does both. Examples of opaque objects are solid wooden doors and glass mirrors. A wooden door absorbs most of the light that strikes it and reflects just a few wavelengths of visible li... | C: opaque. |
Rain dissolves fertilizer in the soil, what carries it away?
Here are the choices:
A. carbon ?
B. clouds
C. fossils
D. runoff? | Rain dissolves fertilizer in the soil. Runoff carries it away. The fertilizer ends up in bodies of water, from ponds to oceans. Nitrogen is a fertilizer in the water. Since there is a lot of nitrogen, it causes algae to grow out of control. Pictured below is a pond covered with algae ( Figure below ). Algae use up carb... | D: runoff?. |
Each vertebral body has a large hole in the center through which the nerves of what pass?
Here are the choices:
A. layers cord
B. spinal cord
C. steering cord
D. Brain Cord | Each vertebral body has a large hole in the center through which the nerves of the spinal cord pass. There is also a notch on each side through which the spinal nerves, which serve the body at that level, can exit from the spinal cord. The vertebral column is approximately 71 cm (28 inches) in adult male humans and is ... | B: spinal cord. |
Rust consists of oxides of what element?
Here are the choices:
A. Copper
B. Gold
C. Aluminum
D. iron | Rust is a combination of several different oxides of iron. The equations below show the steps involved in one of the many processes of rust formation. | D: iron. |
Rising air currents carry water vapor into what?
Here are the choices:
A. atmosphere
B. troposphere
C. stratosphere
D. ionosphere | Rising air currents carry water vapor into the atmosphere. As the water vapor rises in the atmosphere, it cools and condenses. Condensation is the process in which water vapor changes to tiny droplets of liquid water. The water droplets may form clouds. If the droplets get big enough, they fall as precipitation —rain, ... | A: atmosphere. |
Echinoderms have what type of body symmetry?
Here are the choices:
A. radial symmetry
B. Rotational symmetry
C. Translational symmetry
D. Reflectional symmetry | Echinoderms are marine organisms that make up the phylum Echinodermata. They can be found in the ocean from the equator to the poles. There are roughly 6000 living species of echinoderms. They are among the most distinctive organisms within the animal kingdom. Members of the phylum include sea stars (starfish), sand do... | A: radial symmetry. |
What is used during filtration to push fluids and solutes, from higher pressure areas to lower pressure areas?
Here are the choices:
A. constructs pressure gradient
B. hydrostatic pressure gradient
C. magnesium pressure gradient
D. limited pressure gradient | Another mechanism besides diffusion to passively transport materials between compartments is filtration. Unlike diffusion of a substance from where it is more concentrated to less concentrated, filtration uses a hydrostatic pressure gradient that pushes the fluid—and the solutes within it—from a higher pressure area to... | B: hydrostatic pressure gradient. |
How many pathways do plants have for carbon fixation?
Here are the choices:
A. three
B. two
C. four
D. one | Plants have evolved three pathways for carbon fixation. The most common pathway combines one molecule of CO 2 with a 5-carbon sugar called ribulose biphosphate (RuBP). The enzyme which catalyzes this reaction, ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase oxygenase (nicknamed RuBisCo ), is the most abundant enzyme on earth! Th... | A: three. |
What type of substance is any matter that has a fixed chemical composition and characteristic properties?
Here are the choices:
A. pure chemical substance
B. versatile chemical substance
C. physical substance
D. seawater chemical substance | Pure Substances and Mixtures A pure chemical substance is any matter that has a fixed chemical composition and characteristic properties. Oxygen, for example, is a pure chemical substance that is a colorless, odorless gas at 25°C. Very few samples of matter consist of pure substances; instead, most are mixtures, which ... | A: pure chemical substance. |
Where are sperm produced in the process of spermatogenesis?
Here are the choices:
A. testes
B. ovaries
C. intestines
D. penis | Sperm are produced in the testes in the process of spermatogenesis. They mature in the epididymes before being ejaculated from the body through the penis. | A: testes. |
What type of energy does chemosynthesis use to make food?
Here are the choices:
A. GRAVITATIONAL energy
B. carbon energy
C. chemical energy
D. CHEMICAL energy | Some bacterial autotrophs make food using chemosynthesis. This process uses chemical energy instead of light energy to produce food. | C: chemical energy. |
The polymerase chain reaction is a way of making copies of what?
Here are the choices:
A. an enzyme
B. a method
C. a gene
D. a form | The polymerase chain reaction is a way of making copies of a gene. It uses high temperatures and an enzyme to make new DNA molecules. The process keeps cycling to make many copies of a gene. | C: a gene. |
Energy transfer between what kinds of levels is generally rather inefficient?
Here are the choices:
A. trophic
B. secondary
C. apex
D. producer | 55.3 Energy transfer between trophic levels is typically only 10% efficient. | A: trophic. |
What kind of conditions are often inherited as simple recessive traits?
Here are the choices:
A. genetic diversivers
B. genetic ratios
C. genetic neurotransmitters
D. genetic disorders | D: genetic disorders. | |
Without dinoflagellate symbionts, corals lose algal pigments in a process called coral bleaching and eventually die, while corals in turn provide protection, making this what type of relationship?.
Here are the choices:
A. idealistic
B. semantic
C. parasitic
D. symbiotic | Primary Producers/Food Sources Protists are essential sources of nutrition for many other organisms. In some cases, as in plankton, protists are consumed directly. Alternatively, photosynthetic protists serve as producers of nutrition for other organisms. For instance, photosynthetic dinoflagellates called zooxanthella... | D: symbiotic. |
What is the type of reproduction where part of the parent plant is used to generate a new plant?
Here are the choices:
A. byproduct reproduction
B. sexual reproduction
C. coaxed reproduction
D. asexual reproduction | 32.3 Asexual Reproduction Many plants reproduce asexually as well as sexually. In asexual reproduction, part of the parent plant is used to generate a new plant. Grafting, layering, and micropropagation are some methods used for artificial asexual reproduction. The new plant is genetically identical to the parent plant... | D: asexual reproduction. |
What is the name of the wind belt nearest the equator?
Here are the choices:
A. tropical gusts
B. trade winds
C. doldrums
D. cyclones | The wind belts have names. The Trade Winds are nearest the Equator. The next belt is the westerlies. Finally are the polar easterlies. The names are the same in both hemispheres. | B: trade winds. |
What two phases does the cell cycle consist of?
Here are the choices:
A. mitosis and mitotic
B. antecedent and mitotic
C. interphase and mitotic
D. outerphase and mitotic | Figure 10.5 The cell cycle consists of interphase and the mitotic phase. During interphase, the cell grows and the nuclear DNA is duplicated. Interphase is followed by the mitotic phase. During the mitotic phase, the duplicated chromosomes are segregated and distributed into daughter nuclei. The cytoplasm is usually di... | C: interphase and mitotic. |
Atoms with the same atomic number but different mass numbers are called what?
Here are the choices:
A. tropes
B. reactions
C. isotopes
D. organisms | Nuclear chemistry is the study of reactions that involve changes in nuclear structure. The chapter on atoms, molecules, and ions introduced the basic idea of nuclear structure, that the nucleus of an atom is composed of protons and, with the exception of 11 H, neutrons. Recall that the number of protons in the nucleus ... | C: isotopes. |
Sphenodontia sphenodontia (“wedge tooth”) arose in the mesozoic era and includes only one of what?
Here are the choices:
A. living genus
B. outside genus
C. traveling genus
D. inner genus | Sphenodontia Sphenodontia (“wedge tooth”) arose in the Mesozoic era and includes only one living genus, Tuatara, comprising two species that are found in New Zealand (Figure 29.26). Tuataras measure up to 80 centimeters and weigh about 1 kilogram. Although quite lizard-like in gross appearance, several unique features ... | A: living genus. |
In a heterozygote with one dominant and one recessive allele, which is expressed?
Here are the choices:
A. dominant atoms
B. dominant elements
C. dominant allele
D. submissive allele | The expression of an organism's genotype is called its phenotype . The phenotype refers to the organism's traits, such as purple or white flowers. Different genotypes may produce the same phenotype. This will be the case if one allele is dominant to the other. Both BB and Bb genotypes in Table 6.1 have purple flowers. ... | C: dominant allele. |
Any sound with a frequency above the highest audible frequency is defined as what, a phenomenon useful in medical diagnosis and therapy?
Here are the choices:
A. radiation
B. ultrasound
C. extrasound
D. laser | Any sound with a frequency above 20,000 Hz (or 20 kHz)—that is, above the highest audible frequency—is defined to be ultrasound. In practice, it is possible to create ultrasound frequencies up to more than a gigahertz. (Higher frequencies are difficult to create; furthermore, they propagate poorly because they are very... | B: ultrasound. |
Which organ secretes estrogen?
Here are the choices:
A. the testes
B. the kidney
C. the ovaries
D. the thyroid | The ovaries release the eggs and secrete estrogen. | C: the ovaries. |
Water-soluble carboxylic acids ionize slightly in water to form these?
Here are the choices:
A. solvents
B. nonacidic solutions
C. very acidic solutions
D. moderately acidic solutions | Water-soluble carboxylic acids ionize slightly in water to form moderately acidic solutions. | D: moderately acidic solutions. |
Which kind of irrigation uses much less water than other methods?
Here are the choices:
A. drip
B. mist
C. solar
D. constant | Drip irrigation uses much less water than other methods. | A: drip. |
Fishes were the earliest example of what subphylum, and jawless fishes were the earliest of these?
Here are the choices:
A. ferns
B. mammals
C. vertebrates
D. grasses | Fishes Modern fishes include an estimated 31,000 species. Fishes were the earliest vertebrates, and jawless fishes were the earliest of these. Jawless fishes—the present day hagfishes and lampreys—have a distinct cranium and complex sense organs including eyes, distinguishing them from the invertebrate chordates. The j... | C: vertebrates. |
What three things do animals require in order to survive?
Here are the choices:
A. air, water, food
B. Immunity, blood, water
C. Sex, Love, Food
D. Shelter, Food and love | A: air, water, food. | |
What is broken during catabolic reactions, such as the breakdown of complex carbohydrates into simple sugars?
Here are the choices:
A. bonds
B. ions
C. metals
D. forms | Catabolic reactions involve breaking bonds. Larger molecules are broken down to smaller ones. For example, complex carbohydrates are broken down to simple sugars. Catabolic reactions release energy, so they are exothermic. | A: bonds. |
The actual amount (mass) of gasoline left in the tank when the gauge hits “empty” is a lot less in the summer than in the winter. the gasoline has the same volume as it does in the winter when the “add fuel” light goes on, but because the gasoline has expanded, there is what?
Here are the choices:
A. same mass
B. lower... | Making Connections: Real-World Connections—Filling the Tank Differences in the thermal expansion of materials can lead to interesting effects at the gas station. One example is the dripping of gasoline from a freshly filled tank on a hot day. Gasoline starts out at the temperature of the ground under the gas station, w... | C: less mass. |
What do you call pure substances with unique properties?
Here are the choices:
A. elements
B. structures
C. arrangements
D. originals | Elements are pure substances with unique properties. There are more than 100 different elements (92 of which occur naturally). The smallest particles of elements are atoms. | A: elements. |
What is the large muscle that extends across the bottom of the chest below the lungs called?
Here are the choices:
A. abdomen
B. pectoral
C. uterus
D. diaphragm | Mammals breathe with the help of a diaphragm . This is the large muscle that extends across the bottom of the chest below the lungs. When the diaphragm contracts, it increases the volume of the chest. This decreases pressure on the lungs and allows air to flow in. When the diaphragm relaxes, it decreases the volume of ... | D: diaphragm. |
What is less dense then either solids or liquids?
Here are the choices:
A. ice
B. dark matter
C. plasma
D. gases | Gases are less dense that either solids or liquids. | D: gases. |
What is the term for a mountain-building event?
Here are the choices:
A. volcanism
B. erosion
C. orogeny
D. glaciation | A mountain-building event is called an orogeny . Orogenies take place over tens or hundreds of millions of years. Continents smash into each other. Microcontinents and island arcs smash into continents. All of these events cause mountains to rise. | C: orogeny. |
A multiaxial ball-and-socket joint has much more mobility than a what hinge joint?
Here are the choices:
A. biaxial
B. triaxial
C. quadaxial
D. uniaxial | 9.6 | Anatomy of Selected Synovial Joints By the end of this section, you will be able to: • Describe the bones that articulate together to form selected synovial joints • Discuss the movements available at each joint • Describe the structures that support and prevent excess movements at each joint Each synovial joint ... | D: uniaxial. |
Meiosis and mitosis are both preceded by one round of what?
Here are the choices:
A. cellular respiration
B. dna replication
C. germination
D. internal fertilization | Figure 11.7 Meiosis and mitosis are both preceded by one round of DNA replication; however, meiosis includes two nuclear divisions. The four daughter cells resulting from meiosis are haploid and genetically distinct. The daughter cells resulting from mitosis are diploid and identical to the parent cell. | B: dna replication. |
What is the hollow sac like organ that stores urine until it is excreted?
Here are the choices:
A. tumor
B. kidney
C. ureter
D. bladder | hollow, sac-like organ that stores urine until it is excreted from the body. | D: bladder. |
What is the name of the magnetic material found in lava?
Here are the choices:
A. magnemite
B. magnetite
C. hemoglobin
D. meteorite | Magnetite is a magnetic mineral found in lava. The magnetite points to the magnetic north pole when it cools. | B: magnetite. |
What is a branded polymer that serves as energy storage in animal?
Here are the choices:
A. glycogen
B. pathogen
C. triglyceride
D. hydrocarbon | Glycogen is a branched polymer of glucose and serves as energy storage in animals. | A: glycogen. |
Milk is usually subjected to what process, where high temperatures denature the proteins in bacteria so they cannot carry out functions needed to grow and multiply?
Here are the choices:
A. vaporization
B. pasteurization
C. Cleaning
D. crystallization | When milk is pasteurized, it is heated to high temperatures. These high temperatures denature the proteins in bacteria, so they cannot carry out needed functions to grow and multiply. | B: pasteurization. |
What do you call something that controls the uptake of water or another substance in the environment, in order to maintain constant internal conditions?
Here are the choices:
A. osmoconformers
B. sporozoans
C. protozoans
D. osmoregulators | D: osmoregulators. | |
Plastics are common examples of synthetic polymers of what abundant element?
Here are the choices:
A. carbon
B. silicon
C. hydrogen
D. silver | Synthetic carbon polymers are produced in labs or factories. Plastics are common examples of synthetic carbon polymers. You are probably familiar with the plastic called polyethylene. All of the plastic items pictured in the Figure below are made of polyethylene. It consists of repeating monomers of ethylene (C 2 H 4 )... | A: carbon. |
Magnetite crystals of different ages and on different continents pointed to different spots. the simplest explanation is that the continents have done what?
Here are the choices:
A. evolved
B. moved
C. reacted
D. changed | Magnetite crystals of different ages and on different continents pointed to different spots. The simplest explanation is that the continents have moved. | B: moved. |
Protozoa can be classified on the basis of how they?
Here are the choices:
A. move
B. look
C. smell
D. feel | Protozoa can be classified on the basis of how they move. As shown in Table below , protozoa move in three different ways. Only sporozoa cannot move. Note that this classification is based only on differences in movement. It does not represent phylogenetic relationships. | A: move. |
Biomass, solar, wind, water, and geothermal power are examples of what kinds of energy resources?
Here are the choices:
A. electrical
B. fossil fuel
C. renewable
D. mechanical | Renewable energy resources include solar, water, wind, biomass, and geothermal power. These resources are usually replaced at the same rate that we use them. Scientists know that the Sun will continue to shine for billions of years. So we can use the solar energy without it ever running out. Water flows from high place... | C: renewable. |
What type of gases are the least reactive of all elements?
Here are the choices:
A. brave
B. humble
C. noble
D. lucky | Noble gases are the least reactive of all elements. That’s because they have eight valence electrons, which fill their outer energy level. This is the most stable arrangement of electrons, so noble gases rarely react with other elements and form compounds. | C: noble. |
The cells of most eukaryotic and many prokaryotic organisms can carry out what type of respiration?
Here are the choices:
A. energetic
B. aerobic
C. kinetic
D. anaerobic | B: aerobic. | |
What kind of rock's makeup is changed by heat and or pressure?
Here are the choices:
A. metamorphic
B. igneous
C. tectonic
D. basaltic | Metamorphic rocks start off as some kind of rock. The starting rock can be igneous, sedimentary or even another metamorphic rock. Heat and/or pressure then change the rock’s physical or chemical makeup. | A: metamorphic. |
Most scientists think that ordinary matter makes up how much of the total matter in the universe?
Here are the choices:
A. greater than half
B. more than half
C. about half
D. less than half | Most scientists who study dark matter think it is a combination. Ordinary matter is part of it. That is mixed with some kind of matter that we haven’t discovered yet. Most scientists think that ordinary matter is less than half of the total matter in the Universe. | D: less than half. |
In machines that increase force, such as ramps and doorknobs and nutcrackers, what is the relation between output and input force?
Here are the choices:
A. output is greater
B. output is smaller
C. input is greater
D. drop is greater | For machines that increase force — including ramps, doorknobs, and nutcrackers — the output force is greater than the input force. Therefore, the mechanical advantage is greater than 1. | A: output is greater. |
What type of galaxies are oval shaped, red or yellow, and contain mostly old stars?
Here are the choices:
A. ovoid anomalies
B. unique elliptical
C. mutant ellipses
D. typical elliptical | Typical elliptical galaxies are oval shaped, red or yellow, and contain mostly old stars. | D: typical elliptical. |
What is the term for something in the environment that causes a reaction in an organism?
Here are the choices:
A. stimulus
B. pollution
C. crisis
D. climate | When a living thing responds to its environment, it is responding to a stimulus. A stimulus ( stimuli, plural ) is something in the environment that causes a reaction in an organism. The reaction a stimulus produces is called a response . | A: stimulus. |
What is the mildest type of brain injury?
Here are the choices:
A. concussion
B. blunt trauma
C. hydrocephalus
D. dementia | The mildest and most common type of brain injury is a concussion . This is a bruise on the surface of the brain. It may cause temporary problems such as headache, drowsiness, and confusion. Most concussions in young people occur when they are playing sports, especially contact sports like football. Other sports, like s... | A: concussion. |
Isobaric expansion is a process occurring without a change in what?
Here are the choices:
A. temperature
B. direction
C. energy
D. pressure | isobaric expansion is a process occurring without a change in pressure. | D: pressure. |
What is the term for the process of exposing a person to a pathogen on purpose in order to develop immunity?
Here are the choices:
A. priming
B. evacuation
C. vaccination
D. ramping | Immunity can also be caused by vaccination. Vaccination is the process of exposing a person to a pathogen on purpose in order to develop immunity. In vaccination, a modified pathogen is usually injected under the skin by a shot. Only part of the pathogen is injected, or a weak or dead pathogen is used. It sounds danger... | C: vaccination. |
Why will water balloons launched into the air eventually burst?
Here are the choices:
A. expansion
B. momentum
C. friction
D. heat | Each day, hundreds of weather balloons are launched. Made of a synthetic rubber and carrying a box of instruments, the helium-filled balloon rises up into the sky. As it gains altitude, the atmospheric pressure becomes less and the balloon expands. At some point the balloon bursts due to the expansion, the instruments ... | A: expansion. |
What type of behaviors do not have to be learned or practiced?
Here are the choices:
A. acquired behaviors
B. innate behaviors
C. diverse behaviors
D. protective behaviors | Innate behaviors do not have to be learned or practiced. | B: innate behaviors. |
Terrestrial biomes are classified by the climate and their what?
Here are the choices:
A. pollution
B. habitat
C. biodiversity
D. geography | Terrestrial biomes are classified by the climate and their biodiversity , especially the types of primary producers . The world map in Figure below shows where 13 major terrestrial biomes are found. | C: biodiversity. |
A flower's colors come from what part of the plant?
Here are the choices:
A. glycogen
B. Internode
C. Petiole
D. vacuole | Inside the plasma membrane of prokaryotic cells is the cytoplasm. It contains several structures, including ribosomes, a cytoskeleton, and genetic material. Ribosomes are sites where proteins are made. The cytoskeleton helps the cell keep its shape. The genetic material is usually a single loop of DNA. There may also b... | D: vacuole. |
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