questions stringlengths 37 1.22k | reasoning stringlengths 0 3.56k ⌀ | answers stringlengths 4 138 |
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What is the exchange of energy from one part of the universe to another called?
Here are the choices:
A. heat
B. temperature
C. humidity
D. cold | Heat is the exchange of energy from one part of the universe to another. Heat and energy have the same units. | A: heat. |
If environmental conditions deteriorate, many species can form protective what?
Here are the choices:
A. shells
B. cysts
C. fibers
D. proteins | B: cysts. | |
In what subgroup are oligochaetes classified?
Here are the choices:
A. reptiles
B. insects
C. polychaetes
D. mammals | C: polychaetes. | |
The crocodilia order, which includes crocodiles, alligators, caimans, and gharils, is part of what class of animals?
Here are the choices:
A. aquatic
B. parasites
C. reptiles
D. mammals | Crocodilia Reptiles in the Crocodilia Order are called crocodilians. They include crocodiles, alligators, caimans, and gharils. They have four sprawling legs that allow them to run surprisingly fast. They have strong jaws and replace their teeth throughout life. Crocodilians have relatively complex brains and greater i... | C: reptiles. |
What fluid is most prevalent in your body?
Here are the choices:
A. cold
B. water
C. liquid
D. Coolant | Reporting Scientific Work Whether scientific research is basic science or applied science, scientists must share their findings for other researchers to expand and build upon their discoveries. Communication and collaboration within and between sub disciplines of science are key to the advancement of knowledge in scien... | B: water. |
What are negative electrons attracted to?
Here are the choices:
A. ions
B. positive protons
C. neutral electrons
D. hormones | Negative electrons are attracted to positive protons, and this electric force keeps electrons moving about the nucleus. The force of attraction between protons and neutrons, called the strong force, holds the nucleus together. | B: positive protons. |
The largest phylum in the animal kingdom, arthropod, is primarily comprised of what?
Here are the choices:
A. mammals
B. reptiles
C. amphibians
D. insects | Arthropods are the largest phylum in the animal kingdom. Most arthropods are insects. The phylum also includes spiders, centipedes, and crustaceans. The arthropod body consists of three segments with a hard exoskeleton and jointed appendages. Terrestrial arthropods have adaptations for life on land, such as trachea or ... | D: insects. |
Which country is formed by a hotspot along the mid-atlantic ridge?
Here are the choices:
A. Switzerland
B. iceland
C. finland
D. norway | Hotspots may also be active at plate boundaries. This is especially common at mid-ocean ridges. Iceland is formed by a hotspot along the Mid-Atlantic Ridge. | B: iceland. |
What is an atom or group of bonded atoms that has a positive or negative charge?
Here are the choices:
A. an electron
B. a neutron
C. an photon
D. an ion | An ion is an atom or group of bonded atoms that has a positive or negative charge. Ions are formed when an atom gains or loses electrons from its valence shell ( Figure below ). This process causes an imbalance between the number of positively charged protons and negatively charged electrons, so the overall ion will ca... | D: an ion. |
What type of reproduction produces offspring from a single parent that share the exact same genetic material as the parent?
Here are the choices:
A. asexual reproduction
B. sexual reproduction
C. mutation
D. microscopic reproduction | When humans reproduce, there are two parents involved. DNA must be passed from both the mother and father to the child. Humans cannot reproduce with just one parent; humans can only reproduce sexually. But having just one parent is possible in other eukaryotic organisms, including some insects, fish, and reptiles. Thes... | A: asexual reproduction. |
Invertebrates make up what percentage of all animal species?
Here are the choices:
A. 30 percent
B. 50 percent
C. 90 percent
D. 95 percent | Invertebrates are animals that lack a vertebral column, or backbone. All the phyla in Table above , except the Phylum Chordata, consist only of invertebrates. Even the Phylum Chordata includes some invertebrate taxa. Invertebrates make up about 95 percent of all animal species. | D: 95 percent. |
What do monotremes lack though they have hair and produce milk?
Here are the choices:
A. nipples
B. tail
C. nerves
D. skin | A: nipples. | |
What is muscle tissue that is attached to the bone called?
Here are the choices:
A. cartilage
B. ligament
C. skeletal tisse
D. epithelial tissue | Muscle tissue that is attached to bone is skeletal muscle . Whether you are blinking your eyes or running a marathon, you are using skeletal muscle. Contractions of skeletal muscle are voluntary, or under conscious control. Skeletal muscle is the most common type of muscle in the human body, so it is described in more ... | C: skeletal tisse. |
What results from the evaporation of sea water?
Here are the choices:
A. oxygen
B. carbon-di-oxide
C. salt
D. reef | In many parts of the world, table salt is obtained from the evaporation of sea water. The heat for the process comes from the sun. | C: salt. |
The human body regulates the use and storage of what simple sugar, a major cellular fuel?
Here are the choices:
A. secretion
B. carbohydrate
C. insulin
D. glucose | D: glucose. | |
What planet did the voyager 1 spacecraft visit in 1980?
Here are the choices:
A. mars
B. jupiter
C. saturn
D. venus | The Voyager 1 spacecraft visited Saturn in 1980. Voyager 2 followed in 1981. These probes sent back detailed pictures of Saturn, its rings, and some of its moons ( Figure below ). From the Voyager data, we learned what Saturn’s rings are made of. They are particles of water and ice with a little bit of dust. There are ... | C: saturn. |
What is the shortest phase of the sexual response cycle?
Here are the choices:
A. sexual stimulation
B. resolution phase
C. the orgasm
D. plateau phase | C: the orgasm. | |
What is the name of the process by which plants use energy from sunlight to synthesize carbohydrates?
Here are the choices:
A. photosynthesis
B. osmosis
C. cellular respiration
D. pollination | Photosynthesis is the process by which plants use energy from sunlight to synthesize carbohydrates. | A: photosynthesis. |
Animals need plants for food and?
Here are the choices:
A. fuel
B. reproduction
C. shelter
D. energy | D: energy. | |
The product of a wave's wavelength and its frequency is what?
Here are the choices:
A. trough
B. speed
C. amplitude
D. velocity | The product of a wave's wavelength (λ) and its frequency (ν), λν, is the speed of the wave. Thus, for electromagnetic radiation in a vacuum: c = 2.998 × 10 8 ms −1 = λν Wavelength and frequency are inversely proportional: As the wavelength increases, the frequency decreases. The inverse proportionality is illustrated i... | B: speed. |
How did lamarck believe species change over time?
Here are the choices:
A. became larger
B. ecological of acquired characteristics
C. lose of acquired traits
D. inheritance of acquired characteristics | Jean Baptiste Lamarck (1744–1829) was an important French naturalist. He was one of the first scientists to propose that species change over time. However, Lamarck was wrong about how species change. His idea of the inheritance of acquired characteristics is incorrect. Traits an organism develops during its own life ti... | D: inheritance of acquired characteristics. |
Which is larger: the human sperm or the human egg?
Here are the choices:
A. zygote
B. human sperm
C. human egg
D. same size | A human sperm is a tiny cell with a tail. A human egg is much larger. Both cells are mature haploid gametes that are capable of fertilization. What process is shown in this photograph?. | C: human egg. |
What kind of reaction is a reaction in which two or more substances combine to form a single new substance?
Here are the choices:
A. power reaction
B. compounding reaction
C. chemical reaction
D. combination reaction | A combination reaction is a reaction in which two or more substances combine to form a single new substance. Combination reactions can also be called synthesis reactions. The general form of a combination reaction is:. | D: combination reaction. |
What is beyond the atmosphere?
Here are the choices:
A. object
B. air
C. vacuum
D. space | The chapter focuses on the atmosphere. Beyond the atmosphere is space. The next chapter introduces the study of space. | D: space. |
What structure does methane have?
Here are the choices:
A. three dimensional oxyhedra
B. two dimensional oxyhedra
C. two dimensional tetrahedra
D. three dimensional tetrahedra | Methane has a three-dimensional, tetrahedral structure. | D: three dimensional tetrahedra. |
What is the blastocyst called after implantation?
Here are the choices:
A. trophoblast
B. an nucleus
C. an embryo
D. an produce | After implantation occurs, the blastocyst is called an embryo . The embryonic stage lasts through the eighth week following fertilization. During this time, the embryo grows in size and becomes more complex. It develops specialized cells and tissues and starts to form most organs. For an interactive animation of embryo... | C: an embryo. |
What rate is generally higher for endotherms than for ectotherms?
Here are the choices:
A. respiration
B. metabolic
C. mortality
D. reproduction | B: metabolic. | |
What phylum includes snails, squids and clams?
Here are the choices:
A. cnidaria
B. protozoa
C. porifera
D. mollusca | Mollusks are mainly aquatic invertebrates in Phylum Mollusca. They include snails, squids, and clams. Mollusks have a coelom and several organ systems. Most also have a shell, head, foot, and radula, which is a feeding organ. Mollusks are either free-living heterotrophs or parasites. | D: mollusca. |
What is the change in a species over time?
Here are the choices:
A. evolution
B. transformation
C. variation
D. phenomenon | Scientists do the same thing when they classify , or put into categories, living things. Scientists classify organisms not only by their physical features, but also by how closely related they are. Lions and tigers look like each other more than they look like bears, but are lions and tigers related? Evolutionarily spe... | A: evolution. |
What are the largest known proteins?
Here are the choices:
A. hormones
B. actins
C. keratins
D. titins | Proteins can differ from one another in the number and sequence (order) of amino acids. It is because of the side chains of the amino acids that proteins with different amino acid sequences have different shapes and different chemical properties. Small proteins can contain just a few hundred amino acids. Yeast proteins... | D: titins. |
What term is used to describe the organism that is invaded and often harmed by a pathogen?
Here are the choices:
A. parent
B. initial
C. guardian
D. host | Introduction The environment consists of numerous pathogens, which are agents, usually microorganisms, that cause diseases in their hosts. A host is the organism that is invaded and often harmed by a pathogen. Pathogens include bacteria, protists, fungi and other infectious organisms. We are constantly exposed to patho... | D: host. |
Untreated botulism is typically fatal because muscles required for breathing fail to contract when the release of what chemical is blocked?
Here are the choices:
A. acetylcholine
B. hydrogen
C. carbon dioxide
D. monoxide | A: acetylcholine. | |
The combined magnetic force of the magnetized wire coil and iron bar makes an electromagnet what?
Here are the choices:
A. very strong
B. very reduced
C. Very light
D. very heavy | The combined magnetic force of the magnetized wire coil and iron bar makes an electromagnet very strong. | A: very strong. |
Where do two or more bones of the skeleton meet?
Here are the choices:
A. valves
B. joints
C. junctures
D. muscle paths | Joints are places where two or more bones of the skeleton meet. With the help of muscles, joints allow the body to move with relatively little force. Some joints can move more than others. | B: joints. |
Lacking a bony endoskeleton, sharks, rays, and ratfish belong to what group of fish?
Here are the choices:
A. crustaceans
B. freshwater fish
C. cartilaginous
D. invertebrates | Cartilaginous Fish Cartilaginous fish include sharks, rays, and ratfish. Their endoskeleton is made of cartilage instead of bone. They also lack a swim bladder. However, they have a complete vertebral column and jaws. They also have a relatively big brain. shark. | C: cartilaginous. |
What process involves the flow of heat from warmer objects to cooler objects?
Here are the choices:
A. activation
B. radiation
C. convection
D. conduction | Through the process of conduction, heat flows from warmer objects to cooler objects ( Figure below ). The lower mantle is heated directly by conduction from the core. In conduction , heat is transferred as atoms collide. | D: conduction. |
What broad category of animals shows adaptations from water-dwelling to land-dweller, including the ability to breathe air and legs to move on land?
Here are the choices:
A. birds
B. herbivores
C. reptiles
D. amphibians | Amphibians! In order for water-dwelling animals to adapt to life on land, many new adaptations had to take place. First, they needed to be able to breathe air instead of obtaining oxygen from water. And fins don't work well as legs! They needed to be able to move around well on land. | D: amphibians. |
What term is used to describe the tendency of a mineral to break along certain planes?
Here are the choices:
A. cleavage
B. tooth decay
C. erosion
D. porosis | Cleavage is the tendency of a mineral to break along certain planes. When a mineral breaks along a plane, it makes a smooth surface. Minerals with different crystal structures will break or cleave in different ways ( Figure below ). Halite tends to form cubes with smooth surfaces. Mica tends to form sheets. Fluorite ca... | A: cleavage. |
What controls earth's magnetosphere?
Here are the choices:
A. stratosphere
B. ionosphere
C. magnetic field
D. gravitational field | Earth's magnetosphere is controlled by the magnetic field. The magnetosphere protects the planet from the solar wind . The solar wind is ions that fly from the Sun to Earth very fast. The magnetosphere protects Earth's ozone layer. So life on Earth needs the protection of the magnetosphere. | C: magnetic field. |
In humans, pharyngeal slits later develop into what?
Here are the choices:
A. long ear
B. outer ear
C. inner ear
D. middle ear | In some chordates, all four traits persist throughout life and serve important functions. However, in many chordates, including humans, all four traits are present only during the embryonic stage. After that, some of the traits disappear or develop into other organs. For example, in humans, pharyngeal slits are present... | D: middle ear. |
What phenomenon involves the forcing of a substance into a cell against its concentration gradient?
Here are the choices:
A. primary active transport
B. osmosis
C. secondary transport
D. active absorption | During active transport, specialized integral membrane proteins recognize the substance and allows it access. Essentially this process is forcing a ion or molecule to cross the membrane when normally it would not. Moving a substance against its concentration gradient is known as primary active transport , and the prote... | A: primary active transport. |
What are used as model organisms in molecular biology and genetics?
Here are the choices:
A. convergent slime molds
B. electromagnetic slime molds
C. cellular slime molds
D. weather slime molds | Cellular slime molds are used as model organisms in molecular biology and genetics. They may be the key to how multicellular organisms evolved. Can you explain why?. | C: cellular slime molds. |
The bones of the newborn skull are not fully ossified and are separated by large areas called what?
Here are the choices:
A. fissures
B. fontanelles
C. pores
D. sutures | Figure 7.33 Newborn Skull The bones of the newborn skull are not fully ossified and are separated by large areas called fontanelles, which are filled with fibrous connective tissue. The fontanelles allow for continued growth of the skull after birth. At the time of birth, the facial bones are small and underdeveloped, ... | B: fontanelles. |
With logistic growth, how does population growth start out?
Here are the choices:
A. rapidly
B. exponentially
C. slowly
D. steadily | With logistic growth, the population starts out growing slowly, and then the rate of growth increases—but only to a point. The rate of growth tapers off as the population size approaches its carrying capacity. Carrying capacity is the largest population size that can be supported in an area without harming the environm... | C: slowly. |
What determines the color of visible light?
Here are the choices:
A. wavelength speed
B. wavelength density
C. exact wavelength
D. molecular wavelength | Human beings and other primates also have the ability to see in color. We have special cells inside our eyes that can distinguish different wavelengths of visible light. Visible light is light in the range of wavelengths that the human eye can sense. The exact wavelength of visible light determines its color. | C: exact wavelength. |
What do eukaryotic cells have that compartmentalize their functions?
Here are the choices:
A. vacuoles
B. internal membranes
C. cell walls
D. cytoplasm | 6.2 Eukaryotic cells have internal membranes that compartmentalize their functions. | B: internal membranes. |
Earth rotates on its axis once each day and revolves around the sun how often?
Here are the choices:
A. once each month
B. once each year
C. every other year
D. ever 3 years | Earth rotates on its axis once each day and revolves around the Sun once every year. | B: once each year. |
What are the two types of fatty acids?
Here are the choices:
A. saturated and unsaturated
B. saturated and endogenous
C. saturated and biodegradable
D. hydrochloric and carboxylic | A lipid is an organic compound such as fat or oil. Organisms use lipids to store energy, but lipids have other important roles as well. Lipids consist of repeating units called fatty acids. There are two types of fatty acids: saturated fatty acids and unsaturated fatty acids. | A: saturated and unsaturated. |
Lipids are available to the body from how many sources?
Here are the choices:
A. two
B. one
C. five
D. three | 24.3 Lipid Metabolism Lipids are available to the body from three sources. They can be ingested in the diet, stored in the adipose tissue of the body, or synthesized in the liver. Fats ingested in the diet are digested in the small intestine. The triglycerides are broken down into monoglycerides and free fatty acids, t... | D: three. |
What is a silver-colored alkaline earth metal that is even softer than calcium?
Here are the choices:
A. lithium
B. magnesium
C. mercury
D. strontium | Strontium is a silver-colored alkaline Earth metal that is even softer than calcium. Strontium compounds are quite common and have a variety of uses—from fireworks to cement to toothpaste. In fireworks, strontium compounds produce deep red explosions. In toothpaste, like the one pictured in the Figure below , the compo... | D: strontium. |
Statoliths are starch-filled plastids that enable plant roots to detect what force?
Here are the choices:
A. current
B. gravity
C. variation
D. impact | B: gravity. | |
How does lysozyme destroy bacteria?
Here are the choices:
A. by antibiotic use
B. by eating them
C. by digesting their cell walls
D. by paralyzing them | Another barrier is the saliva in the mouth, which is rich in lysozyme—an enzyme that destroys bacteria by digesting their cell walls. The acidic environment of the stomach, which is fatal to many pathogens, is also a barrier. Additionally, the mucus layer of the gastrointestinal tract, respiratory tract, reproductive t... | C: by digesting their cell walls. |
The primary role of leaves is to collect what?
Here are the choices:
A. insects
B. precipitation
C. sunlight
D. pollen | Plants have specialized organs that help them survive and reproduce in a great diversity of habitats. Major organs of most plants include roots, stems, and leaves. Leaves are the keys not only to plant life but to all terrestrial life. The primary role of leaves is to collect sunlight and make food by photosynthesis . ... | C: sunlight. |
Temperature can be defined as the average of what type of energy of the molecules?
Here are the choices:
A. magnetic
B. optical
C. kinetic
D. potential | Temperature is the average kinetic energy of the molecules. | C: kinetic. |
What lens shape corrects myopia?
Here are the choices:
A. curve
B. convex
C. flat
D. concave | Myopia is corrected with a concave lens, while hyperopia is corrected with a convex lens. | D: concave. |
What serves to replace nonreproducing specialized cells as needed in the adult body?
Here are the choices:
A. monocyte cells
B. osteoclast cells
C. stem cells
D. dendritic cells | C: stem cells. | |
In physics, resistance is opposition to the flow of what?
Here are the choices:
A. capacitance
B. electrical charges
C. temperature charges
D. surface flow | In physics, resistance is opposition to the flow of electric charges in an electric current as it travels through matter. The SI unit for resistance is the ohm. Resistance occurs because moving electrons in current bump into atoms of matter. Resistance reduces the amount of electrical energy that is transferred through... | B: electrical charges. |
What organs are the main organs of the urinary system?
Here are the choices:
A. kidneys
B. gall bladder
C. spleen
D. prostate | The kidneys are the main organs of the urinary system. | A: kidneys. |
What phase follows ovulation?
Here are the choices:
A. interstitial phase
B. telophase
C. varicose phase
D. luteal phase | D: luteal phase. | |
What is used to measure blood pressure?
Here are the choices:
A. anemometer
B. sphygmomanometer
C. barometer
D. spectrometer | Chemistry in Everyday Life Measuring Blood Pressure Blood pressure is measured using a device called a sphygmomanometer (Greek sphygmos = “pulse”). It consists of an inflatable cuff to restrict blood flow, a manometer to measure the pressure, and a method of determining when blood flow begins and when it becomes impede... | B: sphygmomanometer. |
Are the lungs organs of the excretory system, the respiratory system, or both?
Here are the choices:
A. both
B. excretory
C. respiratory
D. neither | The lungs release carbon dioxide into the air. Carbon dioxide is a gaseous waste product of the cells. Wastes are excreted from the body by the excretory system. Therefore, the lungs are organs of the excretory system as well as the respiratory system. | A: both. |
Light has the properties of both a wave and what else?
Here are the choices:
A. atom
B. particle
C. electron
D. nucleus | Light has properties of both a wave and a particle. | B: particle. |
Hagfishes have a skull made of what?
Here are the choices:
A. gelatin
B. cartilage
C. chitin
D. bone | B: cartilage. | |
Water molds are commonly found in moist soil and where else?
Here are the choices:
A. crust water
B. methane water
C. standing water
D. surface water | Water molds are commonly found in moist soil and surface water. Many water molds are plant pathogens or fish parasites. | D: surface water. |
What is considered to be a person's entire genetic information?
Here are the choices:
A. chromosome
B. biosphere
C. organism
D. genome | A person’s genome is all of his or her genetic information. In other words, the human genome is all the information that makes us human. And unless you have an identical twin, your genome is unique. No one else has a genome just like yours, though all our genomes are similar. | D: genome. |
Where does cellular respiration occur?
Here are the choices:
A. chloroplasts
B. mitochondria
C. Golgi apparatus
D. nucleus | Yes. Photosynthesis occurs in the chloroplasts, whereas cellular respiration occurs in the mitochondria. Photosynthesis makes glucose and oxygen, which are then used as the starting products for cellular respiration. Cellular respiration makes carbon dioxide and water (and ATP), which are the starting products (togethe... | B: mitochondria. |
What are jellyfish and other cnidarian's stingers called?
Here are the choices:
A. phenocrysts
B. nematocysts
C. necrocytes
D. prokaryotes | Cnidarians such as jellyfish have radial symmetry. Flatworms and roundworms, which you will read about next, have bilateral symmetry. | B: nematocysts. |
What is tube-shaped and brings urine from the kidneys to the urinary bladder?
Here are the choices:
A. ureters
B. vas deferens
C. fallopian tube
D. gametophytes | Ureters are tube-shaped and bring urine from the kidneys to the urinary bladder. | A: ureters. |
When solvent molecules selectively pass through a membrane from a dilute solution to concentrated solution, what process is occurring?
Here are the choices:
A. plasmolysis
B. diffusion
C. osmosis
D. active transport | (a) Two solutions of differing concentrations are placed on either side of a semipermeable membrane. (b) When osmosis occurs, solvent molecules selectively pass through the membrane from the dilute solution to the concentrated solution, diluting it until the two concentrations are the same. The pressure exerted by the ... | C: osmosis. |
Water seeping into the ground is known as?
Here are the choices:
A. precipitation
B. accumulation
C. infiltration
D. invasion | Infiltration is the process by which water soaks into the ground. Some of the water may seep deep underground. Some may stay in the soil, where plants can absorb it with their roots. | C: infiltration. |
What body system gets rid of waste?
Here are the choices:
A. nervous system
B. digestive system
C. Muscular system
D. excretory system | So what happens to your body's wastes? Obviously, you must get rid of them. This is the job of the excretory system. You remove waste as a gas (carbon dioxide), as a liquid (urine and sweat), and as a solid. Excretion is the process of removing wastes and excess water from the body. | D: excretory system. |
Through what form of energy transfer does the sun's energy travel?
Here are the choices:
A. radiation
B. solar burst
C. Fusion
D. convection | Radiation is the transfer of energy by waves. Energy can travel as waves through air or empty space. The Sun's energy travels through space by radiation. After sunlight heats the planet's surface, some heat radiates back into the atmosphere. | A: radiation. |
What are the only regions of space that electrons can occupy?
Here are the choices:
A. orbits
B. inside protons
C. inside nuclei
D. galaxies | Electrons can occupy only certain regions of space, called orbits. | A: orbits. |
What appears in autumn when cool air moves over a warm lake?
Here are the choices:
A. steam fog
B. feature fog
C. misty fog
D. movement fog | Steam fog appears in autumn when cool air moves over a warm lake. Water evaporates from the lake surface. As the water vapor cools, it condenses. The fog appears like steam. | A: steam fog. |
All cells need what for processes like active transport?
Here are the choices:
A. sunlight
B. oxygen
C. hydrogen
D. energy | All cells, including both plant and animal cells, need energy for processes such as active transport. How do cells obtain the energy they need?. | D: energy. |
In certain populations, some of the chromosomes have become what?
Here are the choices:
A. dissolved
B. fused
C. elongated
D. composed | B: fused. | |
What occurs as a result of the discharge of static electricity?
Here are the choices:
A. drought
B. clouds
C. thunder
D. lightning | Zachary Wilson. Lightning is the result of the discharge of static electricity . CC BY-NC 3.0. | D: lightning. |
Enzymes are a type of what, and as such, they are not reactants in the reactions they control?
Here are the choices:
A. catalyst
B. hormone
C. neurotransmitter
D. metabolite | Like other catalysts, enzymes are not reactants in the reactions they control. They help the reactants interact but are not used up in the reactions. Instead, they may be used over and over again. Unlike other catalysts, enzymes are usually highly specific for particular chemical reactions. They generally catalyze only... | A: catalyst. |
The entire volume of what is filtered through the kidneys about 300 times per day?
Here are the choices:
A. urine
B. gastric juice
C. saliva
D. blood | 25.5 Physiology of Urine Formation The entire volume of the blood is filtered through the kidneys about 300 times per day, and 99 percent of the water filtered is recovered. The GFR is influenced by hydrostatic pressure and colloid osmotic pressure. Under normal circumstances, hydrostatic pressure is significantly grea... | D: blood. |
The elements in group 2 are called what?
Here are the choices:
A. noble gases
B. metal alloys
C. alkaline earth metals
D. halogens | The elements in Group 2 (beryllium, magnesium, calcium, strontium, barium, and radium) are called the alkaline earth metals (see Figure below ). These elements have two valence electrons, both of which reside in the outermost s sublevel. The general electron configuration of all alkaline earth metals is n s 2 . The alk... | C: alkaline earth metals. |
What term decribes the amount of time required for half of the original material to decay in an isotope?
Here are the choices:
A. half-life
B. life cycle
C. radioactive isotope
D. Geiger count | 11.6 End-of-Chapter Material Chapter Summary To ensure that you understand the material in this chapter, you should review the meanings of the bold terms in the following summary and ask yourself how they relate to the topics in the chapter. Some atoms have unstable nuclei that emit particles and high-energy electromag... | A: half-life. |
What occurs when water lost by transpiration is not replaced by absorbtion from room?
Here are the choices:
A. perspiration
B. wilting
C. shedding
D. rotting | B: wilting. | |
Molds, pollen, and pet dander are examples of air pollution with what type of source?
Here are the choices:
A. ecological
B. physical
C. biological
D. chemical | Biological sources of air pollution include molds, pollen, and pet dander. | C: biological. |
Neurons are classified based on the direction in which they carry what?
Here are the choices:
A. metabolism impulses
B. nerve impulses
C. energy
D. neurotransmitters | Neurons are classified based on the direction in which they carry nerve impulses. | B: nerve impulses. |
What is the process of making an observation in terms of a numerical scale and recording the value?
Here are the choices:
A. measurement
B. respiration
C. graduation
D. ambient | Measurement is the process of making an observation in terms of a numerical scale and recording the value. | A: measurement. |
What makes monotremes different than other mammals?
Here are the choices:
A. they lay eggs
B. they reproduce asexually
C. they spawn
D. they lack backbones | 29.6 Mammals Mammals in general are vertebrates that possess hair and mammary glands. The mammalian integument includes various secretory glands, including sebaceous glands, eccrine glands, apocrine glands, and mammary glands. Mammals are synapsids, meaning that they have a single opening in the skull. A key characteri... | A: they lay eggs. |
The strength of bases is measured on what scale?
Here are the choices:
A. ph scale
B. acid test
C. pneumatic scale
D. litmus test | The strength of bases is measured on a scale called the pH scale, which ranges from 0 to 14. On this scale, a pH value of 7 indicates a neutral solution, and a pH value greater than 7 indicates a basic solution. The higher the pH value is, the stronger the base. The strongest bases, such as drain cleaner, have a pH val... | A: ph scale. |
What type of isomers contain the same number of atoms of each kind but differ in which atoms are bonded to one another?
Here are the choices:
A. constitutional isomers
B. structural isomers
C. unique isomers
D. different isomers | Isomers that contain the same number of atoms of each kind but differ in which atoms are bonded to one another are called structural isomers. Isobutane and n-butane are examples of structural isomers. One kind of isomerism consists of two compounds that have the same empirical formula but differ in the number of formul... | B: structural isomers. |
What is the gas that gives rotten eggs and sewage their distinctive smell?
Here are the choices:
A. hydrogen peroxide
B. methane
C. calcium sulfide
D. hydrogen sulfide | Prokaryotes have a wide range of metabolisms, and this determines where they live. They live in a particular habitat because they are able to “eat” whatever is around them. For example, there are bacteria and archaea that break down hydrogen sulfide to produce ATP. Hydrogen sulfide is the gas that gives rotten eggs and... | D: hydrogen sulfide. |
What two values does a blood pressure reading include?
Here are the choices:
A. high and low
B. systolic and diastolic
C. biotic and abiotic
D. cholesterol and systolic | Blood pressures are expressed in millimeters of mercury. What would be the blood pressure in atmospheres if a patient’s systolic blood pressure is 120 mmHg and the diastolic blood pressure is 82 mmHg? (In medicine, such a blood pressure would be reported as “120/82,” spoken as “one hundred twenty over eighty-two. | B: systolic and diastolic. |
In humans, what period lasts from the ninth week of development until birth?
Here are the choices:
A. development period
B. plasma period
C. fetal period
D. third trimester | 28.3 Fetal Development The fetal period lasts from the ninth week of development until birth. During this period, male and female gonads differentiate. The fetal circulatory system becomes much more specialized and efficient than its embryonic counterpart. It includes three shunts—the ductus venosus, the foramen ovale,... | C: fetal period. |
Where are protons found in the atom?
Here are the choices:
A. in the nucleus
B. outside the nucleus
C. within electrons
D. in the orbital | Rutherford proposed a new atomic model that described the atom as comprised of a positively charged nucleus surrounded by negatively charged electrons. In this model, most of the atom was thought to be empty space. *Protons are positively charged and have a relatively large mass compared to electrons. Protons can be fo... | A: in the nucleus. |
What is produced when haploid gametes fuse in sexual reproduction?
Here are the choices:
A. deformity
B. cell cluster
C. diploid zygote
D. isolated zygote | Fertilization of an egg cell by a sperm cell. In sexual reproduction, haploid gametes fuse to produce a diploid zygote. | C: diploid zygote. |
What are the two different types of vascular tissues called?
Here are the choices:
A. acid and base
B. xylem and phloem
C. biotic and abiotic
D. epidermis and dermis | The vascular tissues for which these plants are named are specialized to transport fluid. They consist of long, narrow cells arranged end-to-end, forming tubes. There are two different types of vascular tissues, called xylem and phloem. Both are shown in Figure below . | B: xylem and phloem. |
During which stage of development do all the major organs begin to form?
Here are the choices:
A. nascent
B. third trimester
C. transgenic
D. embryonic | After cells differentiate, all the major organs begin to form during the remaining weeks of embryonic development. A few of the developments that occur in the embryo during weeks 4 through 8 are listed in Figure below . As the embryo develops, it also grows in size. By the eighth week of development, the embryo is abou... | D: embryonic. |
At the anode, liquid chloride ions are oxidized to what?
Here are the choices:
A. elemental gas
B. Heavy Gas
C. nitrogen gas
D. chlorine gas | In a Down’s cell, the liquid sodium ions are reduced at the cathode to liquid sodium metal. At the anode, liquid chloride ions are oxidized to chlorine gas. The reactions and cell potentials are shown below. | D: chlorine gas. |
A diploid cell contains two sets of what?
Here are the choices:
A. ribosomes
B. chromosomes
C. neutrons
D. atoms | The surface of Venus is shrouded by thick clouds. Radar images show a complex surface. There are volcanoes and craters like those found on other planets and moons. The surface is not nearly as complex as the surface of Earth. | B: chromosomes. |
On what basis are lipoproteins classified?
Here are the choices:
A. weight
B. diameter
C. mass
D. density | Other lipoproteins also transport lipids throughout the body, but different types of lipoproteins tend to serve different functions. We will discuss some of these differences in the section below on cholesterol and heart disease. Lipoproteins are often classified into five different groups based on their densities. In ... | D: density. |
The two ovaries are small, oval organs on either side of what part of the body?
Here are the choices:
A. pancreas
B. lungs
C. uterus
D. heart | The two ovaries are small, oval organs on either side of the uterus. Each ovary contains thousands of eggs, with about 1-2 million immature eggs present at birth and 40,000 immature eggs present at puberty, as most of the eggs die off. The eggs do not fully develop until a female has gone through puberty. About once a ... | C: uterus. |
Gas exchange during respiration occurs primarily through what?
Here are the choices:
A. vaporization
B. secretion
C. diffusion
D. activation | Basic Principles of Gas Exchange Gas exchange during respiration occurs primarily through diffusion. Diffusion is a process in which transport is driven by a concentration gradient. Gas molecules move from a region of high concentration to a region of low concentration. Blood that is low in oxygen concentration and hig... | C: diffusion. |
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