questions stringlengths 37 1.22k | reasoning stringlengths 0 3.56k ⌀ | answers stringlengths 4 138 |
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Enzymes in the stomach and small intestine break down proteins into what components?
Here are the choices:
A. atoms
B. antioxidants
C. amino acids
D. lactic acids | Figure 24.17 Digestive Enzymes and Hormones Enzymes in the stomach and small intestine break down proteins into amino acids. HCl in the stomach aids in proteolysis, and hormones secreted by intestinal cells direct the digestive processes. | C: amino acids. |
Organisms incapable of photosynthesis that must therefore obtain energy and carbon from food by consuming other organisms are called what?
Here are the choices:
A. heterotrophs
B. autotrophs
C. chemoautotrophs
D. photoautotrophs | Heterotrophs are organisms incapable of photosynthesis that must therefore obtain energy and carbon from food by consuming other organisms. The Greek roots of the word heterotroph mean “other” (hetero) “feeder” (troph), meaning that their food comes from other organisms. Even if the food organism is another animal, thi... | A: heterotrophs. |
What allows theories to be widely accepted?
Here are the choices:
A. theory
B. evidence
C. observation
D. hypothesis | The term theory is used differently in science than it is used in everyday language. A scientific theory is a broad explanation that is widely accepted because it is supported by a great deal of evidence. Because it is so well supported, a scientific theory has a very good chance of being a correct explanation for even... | B: evidence. |
Elements that specifically are noted to have properties of both metals and nonmetals are known as what?
Here are the choices:
A. compund metals
B. alloys
C. metalloids
D. alkali metals | Metalloids are elements that have properties of both metals and nonmetals. Some can conduct electricity but only at certain temperatures. They may be shiny but brittle. All metalloids are solids at room temperature. | C: metalloids. |
What is the measure of change in velocity of a moving object?
Here are the choices:
A. transmission
B. acceleration
C. vibration
D. kinetic energy | Acceleration is a measure of the change in velocity of a moving object. It shows how quickly velocity changes. Acceleration may reflect a change in speed, a change in direction, or both. Because acceleration includes both a size (speed) and direction, it is a vector. | B: acceleration. |
What celestial events are the source of elements heavier than iron?
Here are the choices:
A. Space
B. neutrons
C. galaxies
D. supernovas | Figure 32.21 Supernovas are the source of elements heavier than iron. Energy released powers nucleosynthesis. Spectroscopic analysis of the ring of material ejected by Supernova 1987A observable in the southern hemisphere, shows evidence of heavy elements. The study of this supernova also provided indications that neut... | D: supernovas. |
Algae are similar to plants in that they both produce their food through what process?
Here are the choices:
A. hydrolysis
B. mitosis
C. cell division
D. photosynthesis | Why are algae considered plant-like? The main reason is that they contain chloroplasts and produce food through photosynthesis. However, they lack many other structures of true plants. For example, algae do not have roots, stems, or leaves. Some algae also differ from plants in being motile. They may move with pseudopo... | D: photosynthesis. |
What do fungi produce to digest nutrients?
Here are the choices:
A. exoenzymes
B. sporozoans
C. pores
D. amino | The ability of fungi to degrade many large and insoluble molecules is due to their mode of nutrition. As seen earlier, digestion precedes ingestion. Fungi produce a variety of exoenzymes to digest nutrients. The enzymes are either released into the substrate or remain bound to the outside of the fungal cell wall. Large... | A: exoenzymes. |
When light passes from one medium to another, it changes what?
Here are the choices:
A. speed
B. color
C. density
D. temperature | When light passes from one medium to another, it changes speed. For example, when light passes from air to glass, it slows down. If light strikes a sheet of glass at a 90° angle, or perpendicular to the glass, it slows down but still passes straight through the glass. However, if light enters the glass at an angle othe... | A: speed. |
The distance between the crests of electromagnetic waves is called what?
Here are the choices:
A. wavelength
B. crest
C. variation
D. trough | A: wavelength. | |
People with celiac disease have an immune response to what, which ultimately leads to malnutrition, cramping, and diarrhea?
Here are the choices:
A. gluten
B. lactose
C. fish
D. seeds | The plasma membranes of cells that specialize in absorption are folded into fingerlike projections called microvilli (singular = microvillus). This folding increases the surface area of the plasma membrane. Such cells are typically found lining the small intestine, the organ that absorbs nutrients from digested food. T... | A: gluten. |
Chlorophyll is used in what food-making process that plants carry out?
Here are the choices:
A. digestion
B. colorization
C. isolation
D. photosynthesis | D: photosynthesis. | |
What does an ammeter measure the flow of?
Here are the choices:
A. water under pressure
B. wind
C. magnetic fields
D. current through a circuit | When a contractor builds a new home, she uses a set of plans called blueprints that show her how to build the house. The blueprints include circuit diagrams. The diagrams show how the wiring and other electrical components are to be installed in order to supply current to appliances, lights, and other electric devices.... | D: current through a circuit. |
Burning forests, growing rice and raising livestock all cause a release of what into the atmosphere?
Here are the choices:
A. greenhouse gases
B. carbonate gases
C. oxide gases
D. glucose gases | Burning forests also releases carbon dioxide into the atmosphere. Other human activities release greenhouse gases into the atmosphere. For example, growing rice and raising livestock both produce methane. | A: greenhouse gases. |
What type of pollution comes from sewage, storm drains, septic tanks, boats, and runoff from yards?
Here are the choices:
A. urban
B. municipal
C. social
D. collective | “Municipal” refers to the community. Households and businesses in a community can pollute the water supply. Municipal pollution comes from sewage, storm drains, septic tanks, boats, and runoff from yards. For example:. | B: municipal. |
What does oil do when mixed with water?
Here are the choices:
A. dissappears
B. forms droplets
C. precipitates
D. dissolves | Figure 2.13 Oil and water do not mix. As this macro image of oil and water shows, oil does not dissolve in water but forms droplets instead. This is due to it being a nonpolar compound. (credit: Gautam Dogra). | B: forms droplets. |
What is the term for the movement of individuals out of a population?
Here are the choices:
A. succession
B. immigration
C. emigration
D. colonization | Emigration is the movement of individuals out of a population. This decreases the population size and growth rate. | C: emigration. |
What might a scientist do to confirm the work of another?
Here are the choices:
A. develop a completely different experiment
B. replicate their work
C. question their methods
D. study their work | Scientists may work together on a project. One reason is that they can share equipment and personnel. Another reason is that they can share ideas. Scientists may also work separately. Even then, they use each other's data and interpretations. When one scientist publishes a paper, others will replicate the work to make ... | B: replicate their work. |
Polar molecules result from differences in electronegativity of what in the molecule?
Here are the choices:
A. atoms
B. ions
C. iron
D. protons | Polar molecules result from differences in electronegativity of the atoms in the molecule. | A: atoms. |
A diver's air bubbles increase in size as he approaches the surface because what decreases?
Here are the choices:
A. water direction
B. water pressure
C. water weight
D. water energy | A scuba diver, like the one in Figure below , releases air bubbles when he breathes under water. As he gets closer to the surface of the water, the air bubbles get bigger. Boyle’s law explains why. The pressure of the water decreases as the diver gets closer to the surface. Because the bubbles are under less pressure, ... | B: water pressure. |
Positive charge is mostly found in what part of an atom?
Here are the choices:
A. neutrons
B. ions
C. electron shell
D. nucleus | Rutherford’s discoveries meant that Thomson’s plum pudding model was incorrect. Positive charge is not spread evenly throughout an atom. Instead, it is all concentrated in the tiny nucleus. The rest of the atom is empty space except for the electrons scattered through it. In Rutherford’s model of the atom, which is sho... | D: nucleus. |
In the lens makers' equation, diverging lenses and virtual images are associated with what kinds of numbers?
Here are the choices:
A. fractional numbers
B. positive numbers
C. negative numbers
D. variable numbers | When using the lens makers equation, remember that real things get positive numbers and virtual things get negative numbers. Thus, diverging lenses and virtual images get negative numbers. The object distance is always positive. | C: negative numbers. |
What is another name for producers?
Here are the choices:
A. autotrophs
B. allergens
C. rotifers
D. plants | Producers are organisms that produce food for themselves and other organisms. They use energy and simple inorganic molecules to make organic compounds. The stability of producers is vital to ecosystems because all organisms need organic molecules. Producers are also called autotrophs. There are two basic types of autot... | A: autotrophs. |
Consisting of a stigma, style, and ovary, the pistil of a flower is what type of organ?
Here are the choices:
A. female respiratory organ
B. female reproductive organ
C. female neural organ
D. female immune organ | The female reproductive organ in a flower is the pistil . It consists of a stigma, style, and ovary. The stigma is the top of the pistil. It is sticky to help it "catch" pollen. The style connects the stigma to the ovary. The ovary is where eggs form and seeds develop. As seeds develop, the ovary turns into a fruit . T... | B: female reproductive organ. |
Chewing insects such as dragonflies and grasshoppers have how many sets of jaws?
Here are the choices:
A. one
B. three
C. four
D. two | If all three bulbs are set a full intensity, the person sees __________. | D: two. |
What kind of change occurs whenever matter changes into an entirely different substance with different chemical properties?
Here are the choices:
A. physical change
B. reversible change
C. chemical change
D. carbon change | A chemical change occurs whenever matter changes into an entirely different substance with different chemical properties. Burning is an example of a chemical change. | C: chemical change. |
What is a small, relatively simple single-celled organism called?
Here are the choices:
A. amoeba
B. prokaryote
C. eukaryote
D. ribosome | Even though large life forms have been very successful on Earth, most of the life forms on Earth today are still prokaryotes—small, relatively simple single-celled organisms. As it is difficult to identify, observe and study such small forms of life, most of these organisms remain unknown to scientists. Advancing techn... | B: prokaryote. |
The golgi apparatus works like a mail room by receiving and sending what?
Here are the choices:
A. particles
B. enzymes
C. acids
D. proteins | The Golgi apparatus works like a mail room. The Golgi apparatus receives proteins from the rough ER and puts "shipping addresses" on them. The Golgi then packages the proteins into vesicles and sends them to the right place in the cell or to the cell membrane. Some of these proteins are secreted from the cell (they exi... | D: proteins. |
Which part of the body has mucus and hair to trap dust and also warms and moistens air so to not harm lung tissue?
Here are the choices:
A. the ear
B. the throat
C. the nose
D. the tongue | In the nose, mucus and hairs trap any dust or other particles in the air. The air is also warmed and moistened so it won’t harm delicate tissues of the lungs. | C: the nose. |
What are the structures in the cytoplasm where proteins are made?
Here are the choices:
A. nucleus
B. prokaryotes
C. ribosomes
D. chromosomes | Ribosomes are structures in the cytoplasm where proteins are made. | C: ribosomes. |
What is the key issue in the small-population approach?
Here are the choices:
A. alternative variation
B. genetic variation
C. disease variation
D. genetic mutation | B: genetic variation. | |
What is the minimum depth in the aphotic zone?
Here are the choices:
A. 150 meters
B. 200 meters
C. 10 meters
D. 450 meters | The aphotic zone is water deeper than 200 meters. This is where too little sunlight penetrates for photosynthesis to occur. As a result, food must be made by chemosynthesis or else drift down from the water above. | B: 200 meters. |
What is the process by which plants gain energy and produce sugar?
Here are the choices:
A. respiration
B. glycolysis
C. chemosynthesis
D. photosynthesis | 13 Photosynthesis 6 CO2 + 6 H2 O → C6 H12 O6 + 6 O2 • One of most important reactions in history of life: • source of atmospheric O2 • ultimately led to aerobic respiration and eukaryotes • Responsible for bulk of glucose production • Early experiments showed that mass of plant must be derived from substances in the ai... | D: photosynthesis. |
What are embedded in the membranes of b cells and bind a variety of antigens through their variable regions?
Here are the choices:
A. er cell receptors
B. b cell receptors
C. b.a.p cell receptors
D. a.m. cell receptors | Figure 42.13 B cell receptors are embedded in the membranes of B cells and bind a variety of antigens through their variable regions. The signal transduction region transfers the signal into the cell. | B: b cell receptors. |
A statement that describes what always happens under certain conditions in nature is also known as what?
Here are the choices:
A. scientific motion
B. scientific law
C. theory
D. hypothesis | Scientists think of nature as a single system controlled by natural laws. Scientists strive to increase their understanding of the natural world by discovering natural laws. Laws of nature are expressed as scientific laws. A scientific law is a statement that describes what always happens under certain conditions in na... | B: scientific law. |
What developmental stage do alligators lack that most other amphibians have?
Here are the choices:
A. Egg Stage
B. larval stage
C. Tadpole stage
D. metamorphosis | Young reptiles, like the baby alligator in Figure below , look like smaller versions of the adults. They don’t have a larval stage as most amphibians do. Baby reptiles are able to move and search for food but are at high risk of predation. Adult reptiles rarely provide any care for their offspring once the eggs are lai... | B: larval stage. |
What attaches a muscle to a bone?
Here are the choices:
A. marrow
B. tendons
C. veins
D. arteries | When skeletal muscles contract, bones move. But how do muscles make your bones move? A voluntary muscles usually works across a joint. It is attached to both the bones on either side of the joint by strong cords called tendons. A tendon is a tough band of connective tissue that connects a muscle to a bone. Tendons are ... | B: tendons. |
What are two common weather characteristics of hurricanes?
Here are the choices:
A. high winds and snowfall
B. low winds and sandstorms
C. high winds and rainfall
D. small winds and rainfall | Volcanoes and earthquakes are common at active margins. Active margins are near plate boundaries. | C: high winds and rainfall. |
What kind of organism causes the often fatal lung disease tuberculosis?
Here are the choices:
A. virus
B. algae
C. bacteria
D. pathogens | C: bacteria. | |
Where do plates move apart in oceans and on land?
Here are the choices:
A. divergent plate boundaries
B. volcanic ridges
C. unsettled plate boundaries
D. coastal zones | Plates move apart at divergent plate boundaries. This can occur in the oceans or on land. | A: divergent plate boundaries. |
Zeros that appear in front of all of the nonzero digits are called what?
Here are the choices:
A. significant digits
B. zero sum game
C. left-end zeros
D. non-numbers | 3. Zeros that appear in front of all of the nonzero digits are called left-end zeros. Left-end zeros are never significant. A. 0.008 has one significant figure. | C: left-end zeros. |
What consists of thylakoid membranes surrounded by stroma?
Here are the choices:
A. a stem
B. a nucleus
C. a chloroplast
D. a photon | A chloroplast consists of thylakoid membranes surrounded by stroma. The thylakoid membranes contain molecules of the green pigment chlorophyll. | C: a chloroplast. |
Portable amplifiers have batteries that store what type of energy?
Here are the choices:
A. carbon energy
B. mechanical energy
C. kinetic energy
D. chemical energy | Amplifier: Tim Walker; Battery: Emilian Robert Vicol. Portable amplifiers have batteries that store chemical energy . Amplifier: CC BY 2.0; Battery: Public Domain. | D: chemical energy. |
The movement of ice causes glaciers to have cracks referred to as?
Here are the choices:
A. slides
B. crevasses
C. anomalies
D. fissures | Because the ice is moving, glaciers have cracks called crevasses ( Figure below ). There is a large crevasse at the top of an alpine glacier called a bergshrund . Below the bergshrund, the ice is moving downhill. Above the bergshrund, the ice is stuck to the mountain. | B: crevasses. |
A muscle can return to its original length when relaxed due to a quality of muscle tissue called what?
Here are the choices:
A. moisture
B. elasticity
C. viscosity
D. reach | The muscles all begin the actual process of contracting (shortening) when a protein called actin is pulled by a protein called myosin. This occurs in striated muscle (skeletal and cardiac) after specific binding sites on the actin have been exposed in response to the interaction between calcium ions (Ca++) and proteins... | B: elasticity. |
What feature of the spine helps with flexibility and strength?
Here are the choices:
A. shape
B. curves
C. arrangement
D. angle | Curvatures of the Vertebral Column The adult vertebral column does not form a straight line, but instead has four curvatures along its length (see Figure 7.20). These curves increase the vertebral column’s strength, flexibility, and ability to absorb shock. When the load on the spine is increased, by carrying a heavy b... | B: curves. |
How does a cell's membrane keep extracellular materials from mixing with it's internal components?
Here are the choices:
A. repels extracellular materials
B. absorbs extracellular materials
C. destroys extracellular materials
D. provides a barrier | CHAPTER REVIEW 3.1 The Cell Membrane The cell membrane provides a barrier around the cell, separating its internal components from the extracellular environment. It is composed of a phospholipid bilayer, with hydrophobic internal lipid “tails” and hydrophilic external phosphate “heads. ” Various membrane proteins are s... | D: provides a barrier. |
Respiratory development in the embryo begins around week 4. ectodermal tissue from the anterior head region invaginates posteriorly to form olfactory pits, which fuse with endodermal tissue of the developing pharynx. an olfactory pit is one of a pair of structures that will enlarge to become this?
Here are the choices:... | Weeks 4–7 Respiratory development in the embryo begins around week 4. Ectodermal tissue from the anterior head region invaginates posteriorly to form olfactory pits, which fuse with endodermal tissue of the developing pharynx. An olfactory pit is one of a pair of structures that will enlarge to become the nasal cavity.... | D: nasal cavity. |
Anything that occupies space and has mass is known as what?
Here are the choices:
A. dense
B. solid
C. matter
D. opaque | All living things are made of matter . In fact, matter is the “stuff” of which all organisms are made. Anything that occupies space and has mass is known as matter. Matter, in turn, consists of chemical substances. It is the carbons, hydrogens, oxygens and other elements that combine to form molecules, compounds, organ... | C: matter. |
The temperature dependence of solubility can be exploited to prepare what solutions of certain compounds?
Here are the choices:
A. instantiated
B. isolated
C. supersaturated
D. mineralized | The temperature dependence of solubility can be exploited to prepare supersaturated solutions of certain compounds. A solution may be saturated with the compound at an elevated temperature (where the solute is more soluble) and subsequently cooled to a lower temperature without precipitating the solute. The resultant s... | C: supersaturated. |
Glasses are mixtures of oxides, the main component of which is silica (sio2). silica is called the glass former, while additives are referred to as this?
Here are the choices:
A. glass actors
B. addition modifiers
C. natural modifiers
D. glass modifiers | ♦ Glasses are mixtures of oxides, the main component of which is silica (SiO2). Silica is called the glass former, while additives are referred to as glass modifiers. The crystalline lattice of the glass former breaks down during heating, producing the random atomic arrangements typical of a liquid. Adding a modifier a... | D: glass modifiers. |
What type of tissue produces and secretes several hormones involved in lipid metabolism and storage?
Here are the choices:
A. somatic tissue
B. hormonal tissue
C. metabolism tissue
D. adipose tissue | Adipose Tissue Adipose tissue produces and secretes several hormones involved in lipid metabolism and storage. One important example is leptin, a protein manufactured by adipose cells that circulates in amounts directly proportional to levels of body fat. Leptin is released in response to food consumption and acts by b... | D: adipose tissue. |
What is the process in which organ systems work to maintain a stable internal environment?
Here are the choices:
A. homogeneity
B. ketosis
C. organ balance
D. homeostasis | The process in which organ systems work to maintain a stable internal environment is called homeostasis. Keeping a stable internal environment requires constant adjustments. Here are just three of the many ways that human organ systems help the body maintain homeostasis:. | D: homeostasis. |
What must people with type 1 and type 2 diabetes frequently check?
Here are the choices:
A. muscle glucose levels
B. blood glucose levels
C. blood plasma levels
D. blood density levels | You can greatly reduce your risk of developing type 2 diabetes by maintaining a healthy body weight. Some cases of type 2 diabetes can be cured with weight loss. However, most people with the disease need to take medicine to control their blood glucose. Regular exercise and balanced eating also help. Like people with t... | B: blood glucose levels. |
What is it called when two alleles are both expressed in the heterozygous individual?
Here are the choices:
A. low dominance
B. codominance
C. shared dominance
D. weak dominance | Codominance is when two alleles are both expressed in the heterozygous individual. | B: codominance. |
What part of a spider is equipped with poison glands?
Here are the choices:
A. pedipalps
B. chelicerae
C. vacuole
D. baleen | B: chelicerae. | |
Esters are neutral compounds that undergo what process, which is a reaction with water?
Here are the choices:
A. cellular respiration
B. osmosis
C. replication
D. hydrolysis | conditions. Esters are neutral compounds that undergo hydrolysis, a reaction with water. Under acidic conditions, hydrolysis is essentially the reverse of esterification. When carried out under basic conditions, the process is called saponification. Inorganic acids also react with alcohols to form esters. Some of the m... | D: hydrolysis. |
Evolution occurs because of changes in what over time?
Here are the choices:
A. mitochondria
B. genomes
C. alleles
D. atoms | We now know how variation in traits is inherited. Variation in traits is controlled by different alleles for genes. Alleles, in turn, are passed to gametes and then to offspring. Evolution occurs because of changes in alleles over time. How long a time? That depends on the time scale of evolution you consider. | C: alleles. |
When does coal release most of its energy?
Here are the choices:
A. when burning
B. when compressed
C. when forming
D. when falling | To prepare coal for use, the coal is first crushed into powder and burned in a furnace. Like other fuels, coal releases most of its energy as heat when it burns. The heat from the burning coal is used to boil water. This makes steam. The steam spins turbines, which creates electricity. | A: when burning. |
What was once believed to be the smallest of all particles, as dalton's theory proposed?
Here are the choices:
A. atom
B. neutron
C. nucleus
D. molecule | Dalton’s theory was soon widely accepted. Most of it is still accepted today. The only part that is no longer accepted is his idea that atoms are the smallest particles. Scientists now know that atoms consist of even smaller particles. | A: atom. |
The actinides are all what type of elements?
Here are the choices:
A. multiple
B. radioactive
C. large
D. nuclear | actinide: The actinides are the 14 elements from thorium (atomic number 90) to lawrencium (atomic number 103). The sublevel is in the process of being filled. The actinides are all radioactive elements and only the first four have been found naturally on Earth. | B: radioactive. |
What type of feeders are sea lilies and feather stars?
Here are the choices:
A. suspension feeders
B. bottom feeder
C. silt feeders
D. deposit feeder | Explore the sea star’s body plan (http://openstaxcollege. org/l/sea_star) up close, watch one move across the sea floor, and see it devour a mussel. Brittle stars belong to the class Ophiuroidea. Unlike sea stars, which have plump arms, brittle stars have long, thin arms that are sharply demarcated from the central dis... | A: suspension feeders. |
What are the proteins called that speed up biochemical reactions in cells?
Here are the choices:
A. carbohydrates
B. hormones
C. enzymes
D. peptides | Enzymes are proteins that speed up biochemical reactions in cells. Antibodies are proteins that target pathogens for destruction. | C: enzymes. |
What isotope of carbon is typically used to date ancient items?
Here are the choices:
A. nitrogen 14
B. carbon 12
C. carbon 14
D. uranium 14 | C: carbon 14. | |
What two planets is the asteroid belt found between?
Here are the choices:
A. mars and jupiter
B. Jupiter and Earth
C. Mars and Earth
D. Jupiter and Saturn | Asteroids are irregularly-shaped, rocky bodies that orbit the Sun. Most of them are found in the asteroid belt, between the orbits of Mars and Jupiter. | A: mars and jupiter. |
When wood is burned what kind of energy allows the wood to burn?
Here are the choices:
A. chemical
B. physical
C. carbon
D. radiation | Chemical energy is stored in wood and released when the wood burns. | A: chemical. |
The cubic crystal system is composed of how many different types of unit cells?
Here are the choices:
A. one
B. three
C. five
D. four | Unit cells occur in many different varieties. As one example, the cubic crystal system is composed of three different types of unit cells: (1) simple cubic , (2) face-centered cubic , and (3) body-centered cubic . These are shown in three different ways in the Figure below . | B: three. |
In which solution is the amount of dissolved material equal both inside and outside of the cell?
Here are the choices:
A. exothermic
B. isotonic
C. hypotonic
D. supersaturated | An isotonic solution is a solution in which the amount of dissolved material is equal both inside and outside of the cell. Water still flows in both directions, but an equal amount enters and leaves the cell. | B: isotonic. |
What element is the most common element in the universe?
Here are the choices:
A. nitrogen
B. carbon
C. hydrogen
D. helium | An element is a pure substance. It cannot be separated into any other substances. There are more than 90 different elements that occur in nature. Some are much more common than others. Hydrogen is the most common element in the universe. Oxygen is the most common element in Earth’s crust. Figure below shows other examp... | C: hydrogen. |
What is the term for anything that has mass and volume?
Here are the choices:
A. energy
B. matter
C. liquid
D. gass | Matter is anything that has mass and volume. Mass is the amount of matter in a substance. Volume is the amount of space matter takes up. | B: matter. |
What is in danger of happening when thick magma is formed?
Here are the choices:
A. earthquakes
B. continuous eruptions
C. explosive eruptions
D. focused eruptions | Composite volcanoes are also called stratovolcanoes. This is because they are formed by alternating layers (strata) of magma and ash ( Figure below ). The magma that creates composite volcanoes tends to be thick. The steep sides form because the lava cannot flow too far from the vent. The thick magma may also create ex... | C: explosive eruptions. |
The important equation pv = nrt holds true for substances in what state of matter?
Here are the choices:
A. products
B. gas
C. liquids
D. solids | PV = nRT This equation is known as the ideal gas law. An ideal gas is defined as a hypothetical gaseous substance whose behavior is independent of attractive and repulsive forces and can be completely described by the ideal gas law. In reality, there is no such thing as an ideal gas, but an ideal gas is a useful concep... | B: gas. |
The measurement of the extent of something along its greatest dimension is its what?
Here are the choices:
A. length
B. portion
C. stretch
D. depth | Length is the measurement of the extent of something along its greatest dimension. The SI basic unit of length, or linear measure, is the meter (m). All measurements of length may be made in meters, though the prefixes listed in various tables will often be more convenient. The width of a room may be expressed as about... | A: length. |
What force explains why objects may float in water?
Here are the choices:
A. warm force
B. cool force
C. buoyant force
D. gravity force | What explains buoyant force? Recall from the earlier lesson "Pressure of Fluids" that a fluid exerts pressure in all directions but the pressure is greater at greater depth. Therefore, the fluid below an object exerts greater force on the object than the fluid above the object. This is illustrated in Figure below . Buo... | C: buoyant force. |
Which organelle is made up of 5 to eight cup shaped, membrane covered stacks of discs known as cisternae?
Here are the choices:
A. vacuole
B. golgi apparatus
C. endoplasmic reticulum
D. nucleus | The Golgi apparatus is usually made up of five to eight cup-shaped, membrane-covered stacks of discs called cisternae (singular, cisterna ), as shown in Figure below . Both plant and animal cells have a Golgi apparatus. A typical mammalian cell will have 40 to 80 of these stacks. While plant cells can have up to severa... | B: golgi apparatus. |
How many bones does the mammalian middle ear have?
Here are the choices:
A. three
B. twelve
C. four
D. two | The mammalian middle ear has three tiny bones that carry sound vibrations from the outer to inner ear. The bones give mammals exceptionally good hearing. In other vertebrates, the three bones are part of the jaw and not involved in hearing. | A: three. |
What can echinoderms sense with their simple eyes?
Here are the choices:
A. shapes
B. electricity
C. light
D. colors | Echinoderms lack respiratory and excretory systems. Instead, the thin walls of their tube feet allow oxygen to diffuse in and wastes to diffuse out. Echinoderms also lack a centralized nervous system. They have an open circulatory system and lack a heart. On the other hand, echinoderms have a well-developed coelom and ... | C: light. |
What do we call water that has been used for cleaning, washing, flushing, or manufacturing?
Here are the choices:
A. groundwater
B. wastewater
C. Grey water
D. sewage | Fresh water is also preserved by purifying wastewater. Wastewater is water that has been used for cleaning, washing, flushing, or manufacturing. It includes the water that goes down your shower drain and that is flushed down your toilet. Instead of dumping wastewater directly into rivers, wastewater can be purified at ... | B: wastewater. |
What is the name for an area that is covered in water, or at least has soggy soil, during all or part of the year?
Here are the choices:
A. a crater
B. coastal zone
C. a stream
D. a wetland | Some of Earth’s freshwater is found in wetlands. A wetland is an area that is covered with water, or at least has very soggy soil, during all or part of the year. Certain species of plants thrive in wetlands, and they are rich ecosystems. Freshwater wetlands are usually found at the edges of steams, rivers, ponds, or l... | D: a wetland. |
Regulation of the reproductive system is a process that requires the action of hormones from which gland?
Here are the choices:
A. salivary gland
B. thyroid gland
C. adrenal gland
D. pituitary gland | Hormonal Regulation of the Reproductive System Regulation of the reproductive system is a process that requires the action of hormones from the pituitary gland, the adrenal cortex, and the gonads. During puberty in both males and females, the hypothalamus produces gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH), which stimulates... | D: pituitary gland. |
What occurs when organisms acquire and pass on new traits from one generation to the next generation?
Here are the choices:
A. phenomenon
B. birth
C. variation
D. evolution | Evolution occurs as organisms acquire and pass on new traits from one generation to the next generation. Its occurrence over large stretches of time explains the origin of new species and the great diversity of the biological world. Extant species are related to each other through common descent, and products of evolut... | D: evolution. |
What process provides more than 99% of energy?
Here are the choices:
A. nuclear fusion
B. cellular respiration
C. glycolysis
D. photosynthesis | Plants and other autotrophs make food out of “thin air”—at least, they use carbon dioxide from the air to make food. Most food is made in the process of photosynthesis. This process provides more than 99% of the energy used by living things on Earth. Photosynthesis also supplies Earth’s atmosphere with oxygen. | D: photosynthesis. |
What tissue blocks entry of pathogens in mammals?
Here are the choices:
A. esophageal
B. dendritic
C. pathological
D. epithelial | D: epithelial. | |
What in the axils of leaves and stems give rise to branches?
Here are the choices:
A. nodules
B. chloroplasts
C. axillary buds
D. meristems | C: axillary buds. | |
The existence of what tiny, fundamental particles of matter was first proposed in the 1960s?
Here are the choices:
A. molecules
B. atoms
C. quarks
D. neutrons | The existence of quarks was first proposed in the 1960s. Since then, scientists have done experiments to show that quarks really do exist. In fact, they have identified six different types of quarks. However, much remains to be learned about these tiny, fundamental particles of matter. They are very difficult and expen... | C: quarks. |
Animals that defend their area are generally known as what kinds of animals?
Here are the choices:
A. carnivores
B. territorial
C. mutants
D. neutral | Some species of animals are territorial . This means that they defend their area. The area they defend usually contains their nest and enough food for themselves and their offspring. A species is more likely to be territorial if there is not very much food in their area. Animals generally do not defend their territory ... | B: territorial. |
A boiler converts the chemical energy stored in fuel into what type of energy?
Here are the choices:
A. atmospheric energy
B. ultraviolet energy
C. thermal energy
D. Thermometric Energy | Water is heated in a boiler that burns a fuel such as natural gas or heating oil. The boiler converts the chemical energy stored in the fuel to thermal energy. | C: thermal energy. |
What are the ice crystals that form on the ground called?
Here are the choices:
A. snow
B. granules
C. sleet
D. frost | Deposition as a change of state often occurs in nature. For example, when warm moist air comes into contact with very cold surfaces—such as the ground or objects on the ground—ice crystals are deposited on them. These ice crystals are commonly called frost. Look at the dead leaf and blades of grass in the Figure below ... | D: frost. |
What is the largest organelle in a eukaryotic cell?
Here are the choices:
A. nucleus
B. vacuole
C. mitochondria
D. ribosome | The nucleus is the largest organelle in a eukaryotic cell. It contains most of the cell’s DNA. DNA, in turn, contains the genetic code. This code “tells” the cell which proteins to make and when to make them. You can see a diagram of a cell nucleus in Figure below . Besides DNA, the nucleus contains a structure called ... | A: nucleus. |
What does the kinetic-molecular theory describe the behavior of?
Here are the choices:
A. a liquid
B. a compound
C. an ideal gas
D. a solid | The kinetic-molecular theory describes the behavior of an ideal gas. | C: an ideal gas. |
What kind of hormones are released into the environment for communication between animals of the same species?
Here are the choices:
A. hormones
B. pheromones
C. reactions
D. peptides | B: pheromones. | |
What organ contributes about 60% of the volume of semen ?
Here are the choices:
A. seminal vesicles
B. cilia
C. long vesicles
D. complete vesicles | A: seminal vesicles. | |
Eukaryotic cells contain what type of structures that possess special functions?
Here are the choices:
A. cell membranes
B. fibers
C. organelles
D. chloroplasts | Eukaryotic cells contain a nucleus and other organelles. They include the mitochondrion, endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus, vesicles, vacuoles, lysosomes, and—in animal cells—centrioles. Each type of organelle has a special function. | C: organelles. |
What is the common name for the midpoint between high and low tide?
Here are the choices:
A. floods level
B. clouds level
C. middle level
D. sea level | Sea level is the midpoint between high and low tide. It can vary around Earth. | D: sea level. |
What is formed when humid air near the ground cools below its dew point?
Here are the choices:
A. smoke
B. steam
C. fog
D. weather | Fog ( Figure below ) is a cloud on the ground. Fog forms when humid air near the ground cools below its dew point. Each type of fog forms in a different way. | C: fog. |
When are peptide bonds between amino acids formed?
Here are the choices:
A. process of translation
B. process of production
C. process of transcription
D. process of migration | Amino acids can bond together through peptide bonds to form short chains called peptides or longer chains called polypeptides ( Figure below ). A peptide bond is a covalent bond formed from a condensation reaction between two molecules, causing the release of a molecule of water. This bond usually forms between two ami... | A: process of translation. |
Within the petals are two whorls of fertile floral organs that produce what?
Here are the choices:
A. fibers
B. spores
C. toxins
D. leaves | B: spores. | |
Increasing or decreasing the temperature of a system in what state acts as a stress to the system?
Here are the choices:
A. liquid
B. gaseous
C. equilibrium
D. nitrogen | Increasing or decreasing the temperature of a system at equilibrium is also a stress to the system. The equation for the Haber-Bosch process is written again below, this time as a thermochemical equation. | C: equilibrium. |
The scientific name of an organism consists of its genus and what else?
Here are the choices:
A. species
B. samples
C. specimens
D. mammals | The scientific name of an organism consists of its genus and species. | A: species. |
What type of organism was the only able to live in the anoxic atmosphere of the first 2 billion years?
Here are the choices:
A. anaerobic
B. aerobic
C. mammals
D. protists | CHAPTER SUMMARY 22.1 Prokaryotic Diversity Prokaryotes existed for billions of years before plants and animals appeared. Hot springs and hydrothermal vents may have been the environments in which life began. Microbial mats are thought to represent the earliest forms of life on Earth, and there is fossil evidence of the... | A: anaerobic. |
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