questions stringlengths 37 1.22k | reasoning stringlengths 0 3.56k ⌀ | answers stringlengths 4 138 |
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What do you call a group of organisms of the same species that live in the same area?
Here are the choices:
A. system
B. ecosystem
C. population
D. biosphere | Communities are made up of populations of different species. In biology, a population is a group of organisms of the same species that live in the same area. The population is the unit of natural selection and evolution. How large a population is and how fast it is growing are often used as measures of its health. | C: population. |
All the genes in all the members of a population make up its what?
Here are the choices:
A. phenotype
B. gene pool
C. diversity
D. longevity | A population is a group of organisms of the same species that live in the same area. All the genes in all the members of a population make up the population’s gene pool . For each gene, the gene pool includes all the different alleles in the population. The gene pool can be described by its allele frequencies for speci... | B: gene pool. |
Although some have suggested that the uvula is what type of organ, it actually serves an important purpose?
Here are the choices:
A. parietal
B. remnant
C. vestigial
D. essential | A fleshy bead of tissue called the uvula drops down from the center of the posterior edge of the soft palate. Although some have suggested that the uvula is a vestigial organ, it serves an important purpose. When you swallow, the soft palate and uvula move upward, helping to keep foods and liquid from entering the nasa... | C: vestigial. |
The differences in the biomes is due to differences in the what factors?
Here are the choices:
A. biological
B. air quality
C. abiotic
D. temperature | The differences in the biomes are due to differences in the abiotic factors , especially climate. Climate is the typical weather in an area over a long period of time. The climate includes the amount of rainfall and the average temperature in the region. Obviously, the climate in the desert is much different than the c... | C: abiotic. |
What increases the chances of someone inheriting a mitochondrial disease?
Here are the choices:
A. presence of defect ornithopods and undefected mtdna
B. presence of defect transgenic and undefected mtdna
C. presence of defect mtdna and undefected mtdna
D. presence of defect transgenic and defect mtdna | Unfortunately, maternal mt(DNA)is susceptible to mutations which are a cause of inherited disease, such as breast cancer. Although, it is important to note that most mutations do not lead to defected mtDNA. Heteroplasmy is the presence of a mixture of more than one type of mtDNA. Most people have homoplasmic cells, mea... | C: presence of defect mtdna and undefected mtdna. |
What is often the cause of phenotypic differences between identical twins?
Here are the choices:
A. learned behavior
B. natural selection
C. environment
D. genetics | Scientists often study the effects of environment on phenotype by studying identical twins. Identical twins have the same genes, so phenotypic differences between twins often have an environmental cause. Twin studies help understand the relative importance of environmental and genetic influences on individual traits an... | C: environment. |
What kind of equal and opposite forces cancel one another out when they act on the same object?
Here are the choices:
A. solid
B. combined
C. exact
D. balanced | You might think that actions and reactions would cancel each other out like balanced forces do. Balanced forces, which are also equal and opposite, cancel each other out because they act on the same object. Action and reaction forces, in contrast, act on different objects, so they don’t cancel each other out and, in fa... | D: balanced. |
What are two other terms for dizygotic twins, which make good study subjects because they share many environmental conditions, but only about half of their polymorphisms?
Here are the choices:
A. fraternal, non-identical
B. fractional
C. identical twins
D. interdependant twins | Dizygotic twins (fraternal or non-identical) share only about half of their polymorphisms. These twins are helpful to study as they tend to share many aspects of their environment. As they are born in the same place, usually within a few minutes of each other, they share many environmental conditions. They had the same... | A: fraternal, non-identical. |
Many diseases arise from genetic mutations that prevent the synthesis of critical what?
Here are the choices:
A. proteins
B. acids
C. oils
D. lipids | Geneticist Many diseases arise from genetic mutations that prevent the synthesis of critical proteins. One such disease is Lowe disease (also called oculocerebrorenal syndrome, because it affects the eyes, brain, and kidneys). In Lowe disease, there is a deficiency in an enzyme localized to the Golgi apparatus. Childre... | A: proteins. |
Pseudohypertrophic muscular dystrophy is an inherited disorder that causes gradual deterioration of what?
Here are the choices:
A. brain
B. muscles
C. fluids
D. nerves | B: muscles. | |
Plants obtain their energy from the sun through photosynthesis , what do animals obtain their energy from?
Here are the choices:
A. tissues
B. proteins
C. organisms
D. ultraviolet rays | All organisms have the ability to grow and reproduce. To grow and reproduce, organisms must get materials and energy from the environment. Plants obtain their energy from the sun through photosynthesis , whereas animals obtain their energy from other organisms. Either way, these plants and animals, as well as the bacte... | C: organisms. |
What type of fibrous joint is found between most bones of the skull?
Here are the choices:
A. lobiture
B. trecature
C. aperture
D. suture | 9.2 | Fibrous Joints By the end of this section, you will be able to: • Describe the structural features of fibrous joints • Distinguish between a suture, syndesmosis, and gomphosis • Give an example of each type of fibrous joint At a fibrous joint, the adjacent bones are directly connected to each other by fibrous con... | D: suture. |
Innate behaviors occur in all animals. however, they are less common in species with higher levels of what?
Here are the choices:
A. hormones
B. nonverbal communication
C. interdependence
D. intelligence | Innate behaviors occur in all animals. However, they are less common in species with higher levels of intelligence. Humans are the most intelligent species, and they have very few innate behaviors. The only innate behaviors in humans are reflexes. A reflex is a response that always occurs when a certain stimulus is pre... | D: intelligence. |
The periodic table is an arrangement of the elements in order of increasing what?
Here are the choices:
A. atomic numbers
B. negative numbers
C. gravity numbers
D. metallic numbers | Summary The periodic table is an arrangement of the elements in order of increasing atomic number. Elements that exhibit similar chemistry appear in vertical columns calledgroups (numbered 1–18 from left to right); the seven horizontal rows are calledperiods. Some of the groups have widely used common names, including ... | A: atomic numbers. |
What type of ions play critical roles in light-dependent reactions?
Here are the choices:
A. helium
B. hydrogen
C. calcium
D. silicon | The replacing of the electron enables chlorophyll to respond to another photon. The oxygen molecules produced as byproducts find their way to the surrounding environment. The hydrogen ions play critical roles in the remainder of the light-dependent reactions. Keep in mind that the purpose of the light-dependent reactio... | B: hydrogen. |
What moves nitrogen back and forth between the atmosphere and organisms?
Here are the choices:
A. the nitrogen cycle
B. the Krebs cycle
C. the leakage cycle
D. the calcium cycle | The nitrogen cycle moves nitrogen back and forth between the atmosphere and organisms. | A: the nitrogen cycle. |
What is caused by human actions that releases chemical substances and particles into the air?
Here are the choices:
A. CFO pollution
B. heavy pollution
C. air pollution
D. Improper Emissions | Recall that air pollution is due to chemical substances and particles released into the air mainly by human actions. When most people think of air pollution, they think of the pollution outdoors. But it is just as easy to have indoor air pollution. Your home or school classroom probably doesn't get much fresh air. Seal... | C: air pollution. |
The human body has as many as two trillion lymphocytes, and lymphocytes make up about 25% of all of what?
Here are the choices:
A. glands
B. red blood cells
C. pathogens
D. leukocytes | The human body has as many as two trillion lymphocytes, and lymphocytes make up about 25% of all leukocytes. The majority of lymphocytes are found in the lymphatic system, where they are most likely to encounter pathogens. The rest are found in the blood. There are two major types of lymphocytes, called B cells and T c... | D: leukocytes. |
What chemical substances are secreted by animals that communicate by odor or taste?
Here are the choices:
A. acids
B. hormones
C. pheromones
D. alaki | C: pheromones. | |
Hydropower is generated with what natural resource?
Here are the choices:
A. light
B. water
C. air
D. fire | Hydropower utilizes the energy of falling water. | B: water. |
What are the three types of rocks?
Here are the choices:
A. opaque , sedimentary , metamorphic
B. igneous, sedimentary, mixed
C. igneous, orbital, metamorphic
D. igneous, sedimentary, metamorphic | You learned about the three rock types: igneous, sedimentary, and metamorphic. You also learned that all of these rocks can change. In fact, any rock can change to become any other type of rock. These changes usually happen very slowly. Some changes happen below Earth’s surface. Some changes happen above ground. These ... | D: igneous, sedimentary, metamorphic. |
How do yeasts reproduce asexually?
Here are the choices:
A. by synchronizing
B. by outcropping
C. by merging
D. by budding | Yeasts do not produce spores. Instead, they reproduce asexually by budding. Budding is the pinching off of an offspring from the parent cell. The offspring cell is genetically identical to the parent. Budding in yeast is pictured in Figure below . | D: by budding. |
How many chromosomes are in each set?
Here are the choices:
A. 23
B. 22
C. 21
D. 13 | Human cells normally have two sets of chromosomes, one set inherited from each parent. There are 23 chromosomes in each set, for a total of 46 chromosomes per cell. Each chromosome in one set is matched by a chromosome of the same type in the other set, so there are actually 23 pairs of chromosomes per cell. Each pair ... | A: 23. |
Iron is oxidized to fe2+(aq) at an anodic site on the surface of the iron, which is often an impurity or this?
Here are the choices:
A. ladder complex
B. spontaneous mutation
C. displacement defect
D. lattice defect | Iron is oxidized to Fe2+(aq) at an anodic site on the surface of the iron, which is often an impurity or a lattice defect. Oxygen is reduced to water at a different site on the surface of the iron, which acts as the cathode. Electrons are transferred from the anode to the cathode through the electrically conductive met... | D: lattice defect. |
Each species has a characteristic number of what coiled structures made of dna and proteins?
Here are the choices:
A. genes
B. chromosomes
C. prokaryotes
D. ribosomes | Each species has a characteristic number of chromosomes. Chromosomes are coiled structures made of DNA and proteins called histones ( Figure below ). Chromosomes are the form of the genetic material of a cell during cell division. See the "Chromosomes" section for additional information. | B: chromosomes. |
What is the name for tiny animals that feed on phytoplankton?
Here are the choices:
A. zooplankton
B. larvae
C. krill
D. jellyfish | Plankton are tiny aquatic organisms that cannot move on their own. They live in the photic zone. They include phytoplankton and zooplankton. Phytoplankton are bacteria and algae that use sunlight to make food. Zooplankton are tiny animals that feed on phytoplankton. | A: zooplankton. |
What do marine autotrophs acquire in carbonic acid, its dissolved form?
Here are the choices:
A. chlorine dioxide
B. silicon dioxide
C. carbon monoxide
D. carbon dioxide | The Biological Carbon Cycle Living organisms are connected in many ways, even between ecosystems. A good example of this connection is the exchange of carbon between heterotrophs and autotrophs within and between ecosystems by way of atmospheric carbon dioxide. Carbon dioxide is the basic building block that autotrophs... | D: carbon dioxide. |
Asexual, sexual, budding, and parthenogenesis are all forms of what?
Here are the choices:
A. absorption
B. hibernation
C. reproduction
D. photosynthesis | REVIEW QUESTIONS 4. Which form of reproduction is thought to be best in a stable environment? a. asexual b. sexual c. budding d. parthenogenesis 5. Which form of reproduction can result from damage to the original animal? a. asexual b. fragmentation c. budding d. parthenogenesis 6. Which form of reproduction is useful ... | C: reproduction. |
For an exothermic chemical reaction, energy is given off as reactants are converted to what?
Here are the choices:
A. imports
B. forms
C. exports
D. products | For an exothermic chemical reaction, energy is given off as reactants are converted to products. In chemical reactions where the products have a higher energy than the reactants, the reactants must absorb energy from their environment to react. These reactions are endothermic and can be represented by an energy-level d... | D: products. |
Which is the ultimate energy source in a bear's food chain?
Here are the choices:
A. heat
B. decomposers
C. plants
D. sun | Bears get their energy from their food. Brown bears eat a varied diet, from nuts and berries to fish and other animals. When bears eat a berry, they are obtaining energy that the plant originally captured from the sun. Even when a bear eats another animal, the energy in that animal ultimately came from eating a produce... | D: sun. |
Insect's antennae are useful for sensing what?
Here are the choices:
A. chemicals
B. contaminants
C. sunlight
D. microorganisms | Insects have six legs and a pair of antennae for sensing chemicals. They also have several eyes and specialized mouthparts for feeding. | A: chemicals. |
"endocrine" and "exocrine" are two types of what?
Here are the choices:
A. glands
B. fluids
C. organs
D. cells | The ductless endocrine glands are not to be confused with the body’s exocrine system, whose glands release their secretions through ducts. Examples of exocrine glands include the sebaceous and sweat glands of the skin. As just noted, the pancreas also has an exocrine function: most of its cells secrete pancreatic juice... | A: glands. |
What is the term for the movement of molecules from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration?
Here are the choices:
A. concentration
B. diffusion
C. Osmosis
D. passive transport | Diffusion is the movement of molecules from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration. | B: diffusion. |
What factors determine the effect of a gene?
Here are the choices:
A. metabolites
B. genomes
C. alleles
D. ribosomes | For example, remember that for the height gene in pea plants there are two possible factors. These factors are alleles. There is a dominant allele for tallness (T) and a recessive allele for shortness (t) . | C: alleles. |
What type of craniates have backbones?
Here are the choices:
A. vertebrates
B. larva
C. juveniles
D. invertebrates | 34.3 Vertebrates are craniates that have a backbone. | A: vertebrates. |
What are the most numerous blood cells?
Here are the choices:
A. red blood cells
B. platelets
C. neutrophils
D. white blood cells | A: red blood cells. | |
How do autotrophs get food?
Here are the choices:
A. make their own
B. Soak up from host cell
C. From Plant matter
D. From Water | Autotrophs make their own food. Heterotrophs get food by eating other living things. | A: make their own. |
In boys, what hormone stimulates the growth of the larynx and thickening and lengthening of the vocal folds, which causes the voice to drop in pitch during puberty?
Here are the choices:
A. Sexual
B. testosterone
C. Petuitary
D. Endocrine | years or more. During this time, a girl’s height can increase 3 inches a year. The next step in puberty is menarche, the start of menstruation. In boys, the growth of the testes is typically the first physical sign of the beginning of puberty, which is followed by growth and pigmentation of the scrotum and growth of th... | B: testosterone. |
What is an ionic compound that produces negative hydroxide ions when dissolved in water
Here are the choices:
A. catalyst
B. isomer
C. acid
D. base | A base is an ionic compound that produces negative hydroxide ions when dissolved in water. Bases taste bitter and turn red litmus paper blue. | D: base. |
What is the name for the disease in which cells divide out of control?
Here are the choices:
A. cancer
B. angina
C. diabetes
D. mutation | Knowledge gained by this basic research on yeast cells has been applied to practical problems. Scientists have developed drugs to treat cancer based on knowledge of the cell cycle. Cancer is a disease in which cells divide out of control. The new drugs interfere with the cell cycle of cancer cells, so the cells stop di... | A: cancer. |
The period immediately following the transmission of an impulse in a nerve or muscle, in which a neuron or muscle cell regains its ability to transmit another impulse, is called the ______ period.
Here are the choices:
A. refractory
B. extraction
C. interstitial
D. activation | The deadly nerve gas Sarin irreversibly inhibits acetycholinesterase. What effect would Sarin have on muscle contraction? After depolarization, the membrane returns to its resting state. This is called repolarization, during which voltagegated sodium channels close. Potassium channels continue at 90% conductance. Becau... | A: refractory. |
What kinds of neutron stars emit radiation in pulses?
Here are the choices:
A. pulsars
B. dwarf stars
C. red giants
D. quasars | A pulsar is a rotating neutron star that emits radiation in pulses. A pulsar can only be seen when the beam is pointing toward Earth. Pictured below is a nebular that looks like a cosmic hand ( Figure below ). There is a bright swirl of gas in the wrist of the hand. A very tiny but bright neutron star is in the center ... | A: pulsars. |
What is the change in behavior based on experience?
Here are the choices:
A. applying
B. observing
C. analyzing
D. learning | D: learning. | |
Competition with what emerging animal group may have led to extinction of cynodonts about 200 million years ago?
Here are the choices:
A. insects
B. amphibians
C. reptiles
D. mammals | Cynodonts probably gave rise to mammals about 200 million years ago. However, they are not considered to be mammals themselves. In fact, competition with early mammals may have led to their extinction. They went extinct sometime during the Jurassic or Cretaceous Period. | D: mammals. |
Within a bud, what is spaced close together because the internodes are very short?
Here are the choices:
A. roots
B. leaves
C. chordae
D. stems | B: leaves. | |
What controls the opening to the airway and gut?
Here are the choices:
A. teeth
B. mandible
C. tongue
D. electrons | Although it is not found in the skull, the hyoid bone is considered a component of the axial skeleton. The hyoid bone lies below the mandible in the front of the neck. It acts as a movable base for the tongue and is connected to muscles of the jaw, larynx, and tongue. The mandible articulates with the base of the skull... | B: mandible. |
When there is no mass in a volume of space, the space is not what?
Here are the choices:
A. flat
B. curved
C. straight
D. timed | When there is no mass in a volume of space, the space is not curved. An object passing through such space would follow a straight line in our normal way of thinking of a straight line. | B: curved. |
Cells selective for different odorants are interspersed in what anatomical cavity?
Here are the choices:
A. mucus
B. nasal
C. abdominal
D. facial | B: nasal. | |
What has revolutionized human society over the past several decades?
Here are the choices:
A. computer technology
B. flight technology
C. travel technology
D. food technology | Over the past several decades, computer technology has revolutionized human society. Watch this video interview about ways computers have changed people’s lives. Then answer the questions below. | A: computer technology. |
What do you call the set of seventeen chemical elements possessing particular importance for a variety of industrial processes, used frequently in modern technology?
Here are the choices:
A. rare earth metals
B. reactive elements
C. fossil fuel
D. base chemicals | The rare earth metals are a set of seventeen chemical elements (the lanthanide series plus scandium and yttrium) that have particular importance for a variety of industrial processes and are used frequently in modern technology. Despite their name, rare earth metals are actually relatively abundant in the earth’s crust... | A: rare earth metals. |
Broca’s area, responsible for the production of language or controlling movements responsible for speech, is nearly always located on what side of the brain?
Here are the choices:
A. half
B. back
C. left
D. Hand | are responsible for establishing long-term memory, but the ultimate location of those memories is usually in the region in which the sensory perception was processed. The main sensation associated with the parietal lobe is somatosensation, meaning the general sensations associated with the body. Posterior to the centra... | C: left. |
Which theory is the idea that the characteristics of living organisms are controlled by genes, which are passed from parents to their offspring?
Here are the choices:
A. gene theory
B. species theory
C. evolution theory
D. fossil theory | The gene theory is the idea that the characteristics of living organisms are controlled by genes, which are passed from parents to their offspring. A gene is a segment of DNA that has the instructions to encode a protein. Genes are located on larger structures, called chromosomes , that are found inside every cell. Chr... | A: gene theory. |
Phylum chordata consists of two subphyla of invertebrates, as well as the hagfishes and what else?
Here are the choices:
A. organs
B. cells
C. vertebrates
D. lipids | C: vertebrates. | |
What forms when nitrogen and oxygen combine at high temperatures?
Here are the choices:
A. oxygen oxide
B. carbon dioxide
C. ammonia oxide
D. nitrogen oxide | Nitrogen oxides form when nitrogen and oxygen combine at high temperatures. This occurs in hot exhausts from vehicles, factories, and power plants. | D: nitrogen oxide. |
The posterior end of a typical rib is called what?
Here are the choices:
A. head
B. neck
C. bottom
D. chest | Parts of a Typical Rib The posterior end of a typical rib is called the head of the rib (see Figure 7.27). This region articulates primarily with the costal facet located on the body of the same numbered thoracic vertebra and to a lesser degree, with the costal facet located on the body of the next higher vertebra. Lat... | A: head. |
What is the name of the process in which solid food waste is passed out of the body?
Here are the choices:
A. extinction
B. evaporation
C. elimination
D. regurgitation | Some substances in food cannot be broken down into nutrients. They remain behind in the digestive system after the nutrients are absorbed. Any substances in food that cannot be digested and absorbed pass out of the body as solid waste. The process of passing solid food waste out of the body is called elimination. | C: elimination. |
The epidermis consists mainly of what type of cells?
Here are the choices:
A. cytoplasm
B. epithelial
C. crystalline
D. blood cells | Cell Layers of the Epidermis. The epidermis consists mainly of epithelial cells. | B: epithelial. |
What is the microtubule-organizing center found near the nuclei of animal cells?
Here are the choices:
A. centrosome
B. entrosome
C. spliceosome
D. lysosome | Animal Cells versus Plant Cells At this point, you know that each eukaryotic cell has a plasma membrane, cytoplasm, a nucleus, ribosomes, mitochondria, peroxisomes, and in some, vacuoles, but there are some striking differences between animal and plant cells. While both animal and plant cells have microtubule organizin... | A: centrosome. |
Glucose and fructose are considered this type of sugar?
Here are the choices:
A. polysaccharides
B. monosaccharides, or simple
C. complex carbohydrates
D. alcohols | Glucose and fructose are monosaccharides, or simple sugars. | B: monosaccharides, or simple. |
How many orders can flying birds be divided into?
Here are the choices:
A. 19
B. 29
C. 31
D. 44 | Flying birds are divided into 29 orders. The most common orders include landfowl, waterfowl, shorebirds, diurnal and nocturnal raptors, parrots, and perching birds. | B: 29. |
Two types of interference found in waves are constructive and what else?
Here are the choices:
A. conductive
B. destructive
C. osmotic
D. primitive | Discussion The intensity goes up by a factor of 4 when the amplitude doubles. This answer is a little disquieting. The two individual waves each have intensities of 1.00 W/m 2 , yet their sum has an intensity of 4.00 W/m 2 , which may appear to violate conservation of energy. This violation, of course, cannot happen. W... | B: destructive. |
What is the name of the tube that carries sperm from the epididymis to the urethra?
Here are the choices:
A. vas deferens
B. prostate gland
C. fallopian tube
D. ureter | The vas deferens is a tube that carries sperm from the epididymis to the urethra. | A: vas deferens. |
What effect occurs when a population suddenly gets much smaller, due to natural disaster or other cause?
Here are the choices:
A. extinction effect
B. convergence effect
C. bottleneck effect
D. limitation effect | Bottleneck effect occurs when a population suddenly gets much smaller. This might happen because of a natural disaster such as a forest fire. By chance, allele frequencies of the survivors may be different from those of the original population. | C: bottleneck effect. |
Matching donor and recipient blood types is important because different blood types have different types of what?
Here are the choices:
A. antigens
B. antibodies
C. charges
D. coagulants | The ABO blood group system is important if a person needs a blood transfusion. A blood transfusion is the process of putting blood or blood products from one person into the circulatory system of another person. The blood type of the recipient needs to be carefully matched to the blood type of the donor. That's because... | B: antibodies. |
Heavily vegetated lands are less likely to experience what?
Here are the choices:
A. drought
B. expansion
C. flooding
D. rains | Heavily vegetated lands are less likely to experience flooding. Plants slow down water as it runs over the land, giving it time to enter the ground. If the ground is too wet to absorb more water, plants still slow the water’s passage. Slower water keeps all the water from entering the stream at once. Wetlands play a ke... | C: flooding. |
Unlike fibrous or cartilaginous joints, the articulating bone surfaces at what joint type are not directly connected to each other with fibrous connective tissue or cartilage?
Here are the choices:
A. synovial joint
B. polymeric joint
C. proximal joint
D. knee joint | which the articulating surfaces of the bones contact each other. Also unlike fibrous or cartilaginous joints, the articulating bone surfaces at a synovial joint are not directly connected to each other with fibrous connective tissue or cartilage. This gives the bones of a synovial joint the ability to move smoothly aga... | A: synovial joint. |
What do you call the relationship in which members of one species consume members of another species?
Here are the choices:
A. competition
B. predation
C. exploitation
D. parasitism | Predation is a relationship in which members of one species consume members of another species. The consuming species is called the predator. The species that is consumed is called the prey. In Figure below , the wolves are predators, and the moose is their prey. | B: predation. |
In vertebrates, a system of what structures attached to the endoskeleton enables movement?
Here are the choices:
A. tendons
B. tissues
C. muscles
D. nerves | Vertebrates have a system of muscles attached to the endoskeleton to enable movement. Muscles control movement by alternately contracting (shortening) and relaxing (lengthening). Generally, muscles work together in opposing pairs. | C: muscles. |
What does the central cell develop into after double fertilization?
Here are the choices:
A. exosperm
B. xygote
C. endosperm
D. endocell | C: endosperm. | |
What device is an electrochemical cell or series of cells that produces an electric current?
Here are the choices:
A. battery
B. generator
C. magnet
D. reactor | A battery is an electrochemical cell or series of cells that produces an electric current. In principle, any galvanic cell could be used as a battery. An ideal battery would never run down, produce an unchanging voltage, and be capable of withstanding environmental extremes of heat and humidity. Real batteries strike a... | A: battery. |
Where does digestion begin?
Here are the choices:
A. mouth
B. esophogus
C. tongue
D. stomach | Figure 23.28 Digestion and Absorption Digestion begins in the mouth and continues as food travels through the small intestine. Most absorption occurs in the small intestine. | A: mouth. |
What kind of joints are capable of a wide range of movements, classified as gliding, angular, rotational, or special?
Here are the choices:
A. locking
B. synovial
C. fibrous
D. glandular | Movement at Synovial Joints The wide range of movement allowed by synovial joints produces different types of movements. The movement of synovial joints can be classified as one of four different types: gliding, angular, rotational, or special movement. Gliding Movement Gliding movements occur as relatively flat bone s... | B: synovial. |
Hormones vary widely in molecular size and type as well as?
Here are the choices:
A. simple regulators
B. local regulators
C. strange regulators
D. foreign regulators | B: local regulators. | |
What kingdom of organisms constitutes up to 20 percent of all living things on earth in mass?
Here are the choices:
A. protists
B. sporozoans
C. archaeans
D. vertebrates | Not all archaeans live in extreme conditions. In fact, archaeans are now known to live just about everywhere on Earth. They make up as much as 20 percent of Earth's total mass of living things. | C: archaeans. |
Scientists often classify or organize different objects based on their what?
Here are the choices:
A. behavioral traits
B. independent variables
C. experimental properties
D. physical properties | D: physical properties. | |
The primary substance that human cells, and ultimately human beings, are made up of is what?
Here are the choices:
A. gas
B. water
C. oil
D. air | The Water (Hydrologic) Cycle Water is the basis of all living processes. The human body is more than 1/2 water and human cells are more than 70 percent water. Thus, most land animals need a supply of fresh water to survive. However, when examining the stores of water on Earth, 97.5 percent of it is non-potable salt wat... | B: water. |
The genetic code is universal, unambiguous, and what else?
Here are the choices:
A. novel
B. efficient
C. redundant
D. functional | 6. The genetic code is universal, unambiguous, and redundant. Explain what this means and why it is important. | C: redundant. |
An electromagnetic wave begins with what movement by an electrically charged particle?
Here are the choices:
A. acceleration
B. vibration
C. diffusion
D. momentum | An electromagnetic wave begins when an electrically charged particle vibrates. This causes a vibrating electric field, which in turn creates a vibrating magnetic field. The two vibrating fields together form an electromagnetic wave. | B: vibration. |
What are the sharp projections that specialized cells grow called?
Here are the choices:
A. ossicles
B. antlers
C. cilia
D. spicules | Some of the specialized cells grow short, sharp projections called spicules. Spicules make up the sponge’s internal skeleton, or endoskeleton. The endoskeleton helps to support and protect the sponge. | D: spicules. |
What is formed when water vapor in the air condenses into tiny droplets?
Here are the choices:
A. rain
B. hail
C. smoke
D. fog | Rock bands often use special stage effects, like the fake fog in this picture. Real fog forms when water vapor in the air condenses into tiny droplets of water. The fake fog shown here formed when solid carbon dioxide changed directly to carbon dioxide gas. | D: fog. |
The main components of the circulatory system are the heart, blood vessels, and what else?
Here are the choices:
A. brain
B. lungs
C. blood
D. nerves | The circulatory system can be compared to a system of interconnected, one-way roads that range from superhighways to back alleys. Like a network of roads, the job of the circulatory system is to allow the transport of materials from one place to another. As described in Figure below , the materials carried by the circu... | C: blood. |
From what do tubeworms found deep in the galapagos rift get their energy from?
Here are the choices:
A. chemosynthetic fish
B. chemosynthetic viruses
C. chemosynthetic plants
D. chemosynthetic bacteria | Tubeworms deep in the Galapagos Rift get their energy from chemosynthetic bacteria. Tubeworms have no mouth, eyes or stomach. Their survival depends on a symbiotic relationship with the billions of bacteria that live inside them. These bacteria convert the chemicals that shoot out of the hydrothermal vents into food fo... | D: chemosynthetic bacteria. |
What is water falling from the sky called?
Here are the choices:
A. precipitation
B. acid
C. temperature
D. snow | A: precipitation. | |
Coal, oil and natural gas are types of what formed from the remains of once living organisms?
Here are the choices:
A. fossil compounds
B. crop fuels
C. fossil fuels
D. living fossils | Coal, oil and natural gas are all fossil fuels formed from the remains of once living organisms. | C: fossil fuels. |
In a hot water heater, burning fuel causes the water to get hot because combustion is what type of reaction?
Here are the choices:
A. endothermic
B. geothermal
C. biochemical
D. exothermic | A: A hot water heater increases the temperature of water in most homes. Many hot water heaters burn a fuel such as natural gas. The burning fuel causes the water to get hot because combustion is an exothermic reaction. | D: exothermic. |
What is a force that opposes motion?
Here are the choices:
A. momentum
B. thrust
C. tension
D. friction | Friction is a force that opposes motion. Any two objects in contact have what is called a mutual coefficient of friction. To find the force of friction between them, we multiply the normal force by this coefficient. Like the forces above, it arises due to electromagnetic interactions of atoms in two objects. There are ... | D: friction. |
What is another term for a hand lens?
Here are the choices:
A. traversing glass
B. projecting glass
C. magnifying glass
D. seeing glass | An example of a lens is a hand lens, also called a magnifying glass. This type of lens makes objects look bigger than they really are. How do you think this happens?. | C: magnifying glass. |
The anterior half of the foot is formed by the five what type of bones?
Here are the choices:
A. conidia bones
B. metatarsal bones
C. conidia bones
D. malignancy bones | Metatarsal Bones The anterior half of the foot is formed by the five metatarsal bones, which are located between the tarsal bones of the posterior foot and the phalanges of the toes (see Figure 8.19). These elongated bones are numbered 1–5, starting with the medial side of the foot. The first metatarsal bone is shorter... | B: metatarsal bones. |
What adjective describes the movements that propel the feces during elimination?
Here are the choices:
A. enzymatic
B. peristaltic
C. hyperplastic
D. convulsive | The rectum (Figure 16.6) stores feces until defecation. The feces are propelled using peristaltic movements during elimination. The anus is an opening at the far-end of the digestive tract and is the exit point for the waste material. Two sphincters regulate the exit of feces, the inner sphincter is involuntary and the... | B: peristaltic. |
What is transferred in an acid-base reaction
Here are the choices:
A. bonding ion
B. hydrogen ion
C. friendly ion
D. calcium ion | Acid-base reactions involve a transfer of a hydrogen ion instead of an electron. Acid-base reactions, like the one below, are also not redox reactions. | B: hydrogen ion. |
What is the largest planet in our solar system?
Here are the choices:
A. jupiter
B. mars
C. earth
D. uranus | Jupiter is the largest planet in our solar system. Jupiter is named for the king of the gods in Roman mythology. The Romans named the largest planet for their most important god. They followed the tradition of the Greeks, who had similarly named the planet Zeus. The Romans built a temple to Jupiter on the hill. | A: jupiter. |
What does the ubiquitous generator use to generate currents?
Here are the choices:
A. water
B. gravity
C. magnetism
D. inertia | The hint of symmetry between electricity and magnetism found in the preceding chapter will be elaborated upon in this chapter. Specifically, we know that a current creates a magnetic field. If nature is symmetric here, then perhaps a magnetic field can create a current. The Hall effect is a voltage caused by a magnetic... | C: magnetism. |
What prevents soil erosion on a hillside that is being farmed?
Here are the choices:
A. terracing
B. no-till farming
C. slash-and-burn
D. irrigation | Although the hillside is interesting, that's not why this was done. Terracing prevents soil erosion on a hillside that is being farmed. Many techniques can be utilized to reduce soil erosion. | A: terracing. |
What do the external female reproductive structures are collectively referred to?
Here are the choices:
A. vulva
B. endometrium
C. Clitoris
D. cervix | The external female reproductive structures are referred to collectively as the vulva . They include the labia (singular, labium ), which are the “lips” of the vulva. The labia protect the vagina and urethra, both of which have openings in the vulva. | A: vulva. |
What is another name for collar cells?
Here are the choices:
A. clutches
B. choanocytes
C. enzymes
D. sporozoans | Morphology of Sponges The morphology of the simplest sponges takes the shape of a cylinder with a large central cavity, the spongocoel, occupying the inside of the cylinder. Water can enter into the spongocoel from numerous pores in the body wall. Water entering the spongocoel is extruded via a large common opening cal... | B: choanocytes. |
What involuntary muscle is found only in the heart?
Here are the choices:
A. respiratory muscle
B. digestive muscle
C. cardiac muscle
D. physiological muscle | Cardiac muscle is also an involuntary muscle, found only in the heart. The cardiac muscle fibers all contract together, generating enough force to push blood throughout the body. What would happen if this muscle was under conscious or voluntary control?. | C: cardiac muscle. |
Most sedimentary rocks form from what?
Here are the choices:
A. sediments
B. erosion
C. glaciers
D. volcanic activity | Most sedimentary rocks form from sediments. The sediments must be packed together to form a rock. Sedimentary rocks also form as minerals precipitate from saline water. Sedimentary rock formation is described in the next concept. | A: sediments. |
What system serves as the relay between the cns and the internal organs?
Here are the choices:
A. cellular nervous system
B. autonomic nervous system
C. limbic nervous system
D. central nervous system | The autonomic nervous system serves as the relay between the CNS and the internal organs. It controls the lungs, the heart, smooth muscle, and exocrine and endocrine glands. The autonomic nervous system controls these organs largely without conscious control; it can continuously monitor the conditions of these differen... | B: autonomic nervous system. |
When pumping blood, the hearts of animals with very long necks must overcome what force?
Here are the choices:
A. erosion
B. friction
C. gravity
D. evolution | C: gravity. | |
The seasonal movements of animals from one area to another is referred to as?
Here are the choices:
A. hybernation
B. migration
C. mitigation
D. echolocation | Migration refers to seasonal movements of animals from one area to another. Migrants typically travel long distances, and travel the same paths each seasonal cycle. Usually, the migrants move to another area in order to find food or mates. Many birds, fish, and insects migrate. Mammals such as whales and caribou migrat... | B: migration. |
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