questions stringlengths 37 1.22k | reasoning stringlengths 0 3.56k ⌀ | answers stringlengths 4 138 |
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Falling onto what joint can fracture the distal humerus?
Here are the choices:
A. thumb
B. knee
C. elbow
D. Foot | Figure 8.11 Fractures of the Humerus and Radius Falls or direct blows can result in fractures of the surgical neck or shaft of the humerus. Falls onto the elbow can fracture the distal humerus. A Colles fracture of the distal radius is the most common forearm fracture. | C: elbow. |
What term is used to describe the energy reserve carbohydrate of animals?
Here are the choices:
A. fructose
B. sucrose
C. lactose
D. glycogen | Glycogen Glycogen is the energy reserve carbohydrate of animals. Practically all mammalian cells contain some stored carbohydrates in the form of glycogen, but it is especially abundant in the liver (4%–8% by weight of tissue) and in skeletal muscle cells (0.5%–1.0%). Like starch in plants, glycogen is found as granule... | D: glycogen. |
What is used to measure current through a resistor?
Here are the choices:
A. spectrographs
B. thermometers
C. microscopes
D. ammeters | Ammeters measure the current through a resistor. | D: ammeters. |
When struck, how are the rigid crystals of ionic compounds likely to react?
Here are the choices:
A. grow
B. bend
C. break
D. shrink | The rigid crystals of ionic compounds are brittle. They are more likely to break than bend when struck. As a result, ionic crystals tend to shatter easily. Try striking salt crystals with a hammer and you’ll find that they readily break into smaller pieces. You can learn more about the properties of ionic compounds by ... | C: break. |
What type of matter transmits light without scattering it?
Here are the choices:
A. transparent
B. opaque
C. smooth
D. reflective | Transparent matter is matter that transmits light without scattering it. Examples of transparent matter include air, pure water, and clear glass. You can see clearly through transparent objects, such as the top panes of the window below , because just about all of the light that strikes them passes through to the other... | A: transparent. |
What is the term for the unconscious movements controlled by the somatic nervous system?
Here are the choices:
A. senses
B. tremors
C. mechanisms
D. reflexes | The somatic nervous system also controls some unconscious movements, called reflexes. A reflex is a very rapid motor response that is not directed by the brain. In a reflex, nerve impulses travel to and from the spinal cord in a reflex arc , like the one in Figure below . In this example, the person jerks his hand away... | D: reflexes. |
What organism captures light energy and converts it to chemical energy inside its cell?
Here are the choices:
A. phototrophs
B. autotrophs
C. plants
D. insects | Because glaciers move, they have characteristic features like crevasses and bergshrunds. | A: phototrophs. |
By applying salt to an icy road, the melting point of the ice is what?
Here are the choices:
A. decreased
B. concentrated
C. increased
D. compounded | Colligative properties have practical applications, such as the salting of roads in cold-weather climates. By applying salt to an icy road, the melting point of the ice is decreased, and the ice will melt more quickly, making driving safer. Sodium chloride (NaCl) and either calcium chloride (CaCl 2 ) or magnesium chlor... | A: decreased. |
How many pairs of chromosomes do human have ?
Here are the choices:
A. 31 pairs
B. 19 pairs
C. 23 pairs
D. 12 pairs | Human Genome, Chromosomes, and Genes. Each chromosome of the human genome contains many genes as well as noncoding intergenic (between genes) regions. Each pair of chromosomes is shown here in a different color. Notice that there are 23 pairs of chromosomes. | C: 23 pairs. |
Where do polychaetes live?
Here are the choices:
A. ocean floor
B. lakes
C. the tundra
D. great plains | Polychaetes live on the ocean floor. They may be sedentary filter feeders, active predators, or scavengers. Active species crawl along the ocean floor in search of food. | A: ocean floor. |
What term describes a gene or sequence on a chromosome that co-segregates (shows genetic linkage) with a specific trait?
Here are the choices:
A. analogous effect
B. nucleic acid chain
C. autosomal
D. genetic marker | 17.2 | Mapping Genomes By the end of this section, you will be able to: • Define genomics • Describe genetic and physical maps • Describe genomic mapping methods Genomics is the study of entire genomes, including the complete set of genes, their nucleotide sequence and organization, and their interactions within a spec... | D: genetic marker. |
What type of blood vessels carry blood away from the heart?
Here are the choices:
A. tubes
B. arteries
C. Viens
D. Heart | Arteries are muscular blood vessels that carry blood away from the heart. They have thick walls that can withstand the pressure of blood being pumped by the heart. Arteries generally carry oxygen-rich blood. The largest artery is the aorta, which receives blood directly from the heart. | B: arteries. |
How many millions of years ago did pangaea begin breaking apart?
Here are the choices:
A. 250
B. 500
C. 400
D. 600 | Pangaea has been breaking apart since about 250 million years ago. Divergent plate boundaries formed within the continents to cause them to rift apart. The continents are still moving apart. The Pacific is shrinking as the Atlantic is growing. The Appalachians ( Figure below ) are now on a passive margin. The mighty mo... | A: 250. |
Continental drift also promotes what speciation?
Here are the choices:
A. mutualistic
B. allopatric
C. macroevolution
D. obligate | B: allopatric. | |
Which kind of mutations have the most dramatic effect on proteins?
Here are the choices:
A. sight mutations
B. cancerous mutations
C. nonsense mutations
D. arbitrary mutations | These mutations may result in a protein with the same function, with altered function, or with no function. Silent mutations , as they code for the same amino acid, will have no altered effect on the protein. Missense mutations may have a minor effect or a dramatic effect on the protein. Nonsense mutations usually have... | C: nonsense mutations. |
When skunks are in danger what do they give off?
Here are the choices:
A. foul smell
B. ejected quills
C. warning howls
D. sweet odor | A: foul smell. | |
What kind of reproduction produces genetically identical organisms or clones?
Here are the choices:
A. Prophase I
B. asexual
C. Meiosis
D. Sexual | Introduction Animal reproduction is necessary for the survival of a species. In the animal kingdom, there are innumerable ways that species reproduce. Asexual reproduction produces genetically identical organisms (clones), whereas in sexual reproduction, the genetic material of two individuals combines to produce offsp... | B: asexual. |
Oceans help control global warming by absorbing what?
Here are the choices:
A. ozone
B. methane
C. carbon dioxide
D. hydrogen | Ocean water also absorbs gases from the atmosphere. The most important are oxygen and carbon dioxide. Oxygen is needed by living things in the oceans. Much of the carbon dioxide sinks to the bottom of the seas. Carbon dioxide is a major cause of global warming. By absorbing carbon dioxide, the oceans help control globa... | C: carbon dioxide. |
A phase diagram plots temperature and what else?
Here are the choices:
A. friction
B. pressure
C. power
D. movement | Both temperature and pressure have an effect on the phase in which a given substance exists. A plot of temperature vs. pressure that indicates the states of matter present at each point is known as a phase diagram . Figure below shows the phase diagram for water. | B: pressure. |
What kind of hormones are derived from cholesterol?
Here are the choices:
A. Antibiotic
B. germs
C. steroid
D. synthesis | 17.2 Hormones Hormones are derived from amino acids or lipids. Amine hormones originate from the amino acids tryptophan or tyrosine. Larger amino acid hormones include peptides and protein hormones. Steroid hormones are derived from cholesterol. Steroid hormones and thyroid hormone are lipid soluble. All other amino ac... | C: steroid. |
Eukaryotic cell division involves mitosis and what?
Here are the choices:
A. electrolysis
B. spermatogenesis
C. cytokinesis
D. meiosis | Eukaryotic cell division involves mitosis and cytokinesis. | C: cytokinesis. |
Why do sodium and chloride ions attract each other?
Here are the choices:
A. opposites attract
B. magnetism
C. like attracts like
D. sulfides attract | Sodium and chloride ions have equal but opposite charges. Opposites attract, so sodium and chloride ions attract each other. They cling together in a strong ionic bond. You can see this in row 2 of Figure above . Brackets separate the ions in the diagram to show that the ions in the compound do not share electrons. You... | A: opposites attract. |
What layer of soil, essential for farming, has the highest proportion of organic material?
Here are the choices:
A. topsoil
B. bedrock
C. humus
D. subsoil | Topsoil has the highest proportion of organic material. Topsoil is essential for farming. | A: topsoil. |
What are the organized instructions within dna for making proteins called?
Here are the choices:
A. clones
B. genomes
C. replicants
D. genes | The DNA of a chromosome is encoded with genetic instructions for making proteins. These instructions are organized into units called genes . Most genes contain the instructions for a single protein. There may be hundreds or even thousands of genes on a single chromosome. | D: genes. |
Macrophages, which can swallow and destroy old and dying cells, bacteria, or viruses, are large types of what cells?
Here are the choices:
A. white brain cells
B. white blood cells
C. red blood cells
D. dendritic cells | Macrophages are large WBCs that can also swallow and destroy old and dying cells, bacteria, or viruses. Below, a macrophage is attacking and swallowing two particles, possibly disease-causing pathogens ( Figure below ). Macrophages also release chemical messages that cause the number of WBCs to increase. | B: white blood cells. |
What is the distance between the nuclei of two identical atoms bonded together called?
Here are the choices:
A. sleep radius
B. bond radius
C. atomic radius
D. cycle radius | Atomic radius is determined as the distance between the nuclei of two identical atoms bonded together. | C: atomic radius. |
What is the term for water that contains one or more dissolved substances?
Here are the choices:
A. sediment solution
B. dilute solution
C. aqueous solution
D. evaporation solution | We want to focus on solutions where the solvent is water. An aqueous solution is water that contains one or more dissolved substances. The dissolved substances in an aqueous solution may be solids, gases, or other liquids. Some examples are listed in the Table above . Other examples include vinegar (acetic acid in wate... | C: aqueous solution. |
Gall bladder removal surgery does not seriously affect digestion because ______ is still being produced.
Here are the choices:
A. plasma
B. blood
C. bile
D. saliva | Note Surgical removal is often advised for a gallbladder that becomes infected, inflamed, or perforated. This surgery does not seriously affect digestion because bile is still produced. | C: bile. |
The hepatitis virus attacks only cells of what organ?
Here are the choices:
A. brain
B. lungs
C. kidney
D. liver | How Viruses Infect Specific Organs Specific glycoprotein molecules exposed on the surface of the cell membranes of host cells are exploited by many viruses to infect specific organs. For example, HIV is able to penetrate the plasma membranes of specific kinds of white blood cells called T-helper cells and monocytes, as... | D: liver. |
A rusty bike has been left outside in damp weather too many times, so the iron in the metal parts have?
Here are the choices:
A. rusted
B. melted
C. eroded
D. decayed | Look at this rusty bike. It has been left outside in damp weather too many times, so the iron in the metal parts has rusted. Iron rusts when it combines with oxygen in the air. Iron rusting is an example of a chemical reaction. In a chemical reaction, substances change into entirely different substances. For example, t... | A: rusted. |
What two layers is the skin made of?
Here are the choices:
A. epidermis and dermis
B. layers and dermis
C. respiration and dermis
D. Blood and dermis | Skin is made up of two layers, the epidermis on top and the dermis below. The tissue below the dermis is called the hypodermis, but it is not part of the skin. | A: epidermis and dermis. |
What are the three major types of blood vessels?
Here are the choices:
A. sculptures , veins , capillaries
B. arteries , pups , capillaries
C. arteries, veins, capillaries
D. arteries, capilaries, tubes | Blood vessels form a network throughout the body to transport blood to all the body cells. There are three major types of blood vessels: arteries, veins, and capillaries. All three are shown in Figure below and described below. | C: arteries, veins, capillaries. |
What is the name of the protective layer of gases that surrounds the earth and blocks harmful rays from the sun?
Here are the choices:
A. the atmosphere
B. the coma
C. the corona
D. the protector | The atmosphere protects living things from the Sun’s most harmful rays. Gases reflect or absorb the strongest rays of sunlight. Figure below models this role of the atmosphere. | A: the atmosphere. |
What are colonies of cells stuck to a surface called?
Here are the choices:
A. membranes
B. membranes
C. biofilms
D. cellular coating | Prokaryotic cells are extremely small and have a variety of shapes. Most have flagella and a cell wall. They have several other cell structures as well. Their DNA exists as large and small loops. Some prokaryotes form biofilms, which are colonies of cells stuck to a surface. | C: biofilms. |
Trichomoniasis is cause by what type of pathogen?
Here are the choices:
A. bacteria
B. protozoa
C. worm
D. virus | STIs may be caused by several different types of pathogens, including protozoa, insects, bacteria, and viruses. For example: Protozoa cause an STI called trichomoniasis. The pathogen infects the vagina in females and the urethra in males, causing symptoms such as burning and itching. Trichomoniasis is common in young p... | B: protozoa. |
An increase in what, across the periodic table, explains why elements go from metals to metalloids and then to nonmetals?
Here are the choices:
A. temperature
B. protons
C. electrons
D. neutrons | The increase in electrons across the periodic table explains why elements go from metals to metalloids and then to nonmetals from left to right across the table. Look at period 2 in Figure below as an example. Lithium (Li) is a metal, boron (B) a metalloid, and fluorine (F) and neon (Ne) are nonmetals. The inner energy... | C: electrons. |
How many pairs of chromosomes are in the human genome?
Here are the choices:
A. 13
B. 23
C. 21
D. 24 | The human genome has 23 pairs of chromosomes located in the nucleus of somatic cells. Each chromosome is composed of genes and other DNA wound around histones (proteins) into a tightly coiled molecule. | B: 23. |
What measure is resorted to by people who wish to screen out genetic abnormalities in the fetus?
Here are the choices:
A. contraceptive use
B. prenatal testing
C. stem cell therapy
D. in vitro fertilization | A genetic disorder that is caused by a mutation can be inherited. Therefore, people with a genetic disorder in their family may be concerned about having children with the disorder. Professionals known as genetic counselors can help them understand the risks of their children being affected. If they decide to have chil... | B: prenatal testing. |
Who built the first telescope?
Here are the choices:
A. newton
B. brahe
C. galileo
D. copernicus | Humans have been making and using magnifying lenses for thousands of years. The first telescope was built by Galileo in 1608. His telescope used two lenses to make distant objects appear both nearer and larger. | C: galileo. |
Water can be boiled to kill giardia and most other what?
Here are the choices:
A. pathogens
B. germs
C. parasites
D. bacteria | Different pathogens spread in different ways. Some pathogens spread through food. They cause food borne illnesses, which are discussed in a previous concept. Some pathogens spread through water. Giardia lamblia is one example. Water can be boiled to kill Giardia and most other pathogens. | A: pathogens. |
What do you call mixtures of ash and water that travel down river valleys?
Here are the choices:
A. pollutants
B. mud slides
C. lahars
D. debris | Lahars are mixtures of ash and water that travel down river valleys. On Mount St. Helens, the eruption melted glaciers. The water mixed with ash from the eruption and created tremendous lahars. The lahars raced down valleys and knocked out many bridges. | C: lahars. |
Why do homonuclear diatomic molecules have zero dipole moment?
Here are the choices:
A. no activation energy
B. no difference in electronegativity
C. at homeostasis
D. no electrical attraction | A whole molecule may also have a separation of charge, depending on its molecular structure and the polarity of each of its bonds. If such a charge separation exists, the molecule is said to be a polar molecule (or dipole); otherwise the molecule is said to be nonpolar. The dipole moment measures the extent of net char... | B: no difference in electronegativity. |
The types of white blood cells that arrive at an inflamed site depend on the nature of what?
Here are the choices:
A. skin color
B. genes
C. injury or infection
D. blood type | capillaries cause swelling of the area, which in turn causes pain. Various kinds of white blood cells are attracted to the area of inflammation. The types of white blood cells that arrive at an inflamed site depend on the nature of the injury or infecting pathogen. For example, a neutrophil is an early arriving white b... | C: injury or infection. |
In what season are temperature inversions more common?
Here are the choices:
A. autumn
B. spring
C. winter
D. summer | Sometimes air doesn’t mix in the troposphere. This happens when air is cooler close to the ground than it is above. The cool air is dense, so it stays near the ground. This is called a temperature inversion ( Figure below ). An inversion can trap air pollution near the surface. Temperature inversions are more common in... | C: winter. |
Are thunderstorms more likely where the ground temperatures are extremely high or extremely low?
Here are the choices:
A. somewhat low
B. extremely low
C. somewhat high
D. extremely high | Thunderstorms grow where ground temperatures are extremely high. | D: extremely high. |
What type of diseases in humans are caused by protozoa?
Here are the choices:
A. protist diseases
B. protozoa diseases
C. dysentery
D. diarrhea | Scientists are searching for ways to create controlled nuclear fusion reactions in order to produce safe nuclear power. Fusion involves only harmless, plentiful elements but requires extremely high temperatures. | A: protist diseases. |
Shark teeth likely evolved from the jagged scales that cover their skin, called what?
Here are the choices:
A. heterotroph scales
B. placoid scales
C. hook scales
D. pinworm scales | Chondrichthyes: Cartilaginous Fishes The clade Chondrichthyes is diverse, consisting of sharks (Figure 29.11), rays, and skates, together with sawfishes and a few dozen species of fishes called chimaeras, or “ghost” sharks. ” Chondrichthyes are jawed fishes that possess paired fins and a skeleton made of cartilage. Thi... | B: placoid scales. |
In the human ear, sound waves cause the stapes to press against what?
Here are the choices:
A. yellow window
B. shaped window
C. Idea Window
D. oval window | Figure 36.14 In the human ear, sound waves cause the stapes to press against the oval window. Vibrations travel up the fluid-filled interior of the cochlea. The basilar membrane that lines the cochlea gets continuously thinner toward the apex of the cochlea. Different thicknesses of membrane vibrate in response to diff... | D: oval window. |
What is the term for proportion of amount of product actually produced in a chemical reaction versus predicted amount ?
Here are the choices:
A. calculus yield
B. percent yield
C. decrease yield
D. percent impact | Chemical reactions in the real world don’t always go exactly as planned on paper. In the course of an experiment, many things will contribute to the formation of less product than would be predicted. Besides spills and other experimental errors, there are usually losses due to an incomplete reaction, undesirable side r... | B: percent yield. |
What creates wet and dry zones at different latitudes?
Here are the choices:
A. global air currents
B. horse latitudes
C. jet stream
D. trade winds | Temperature falls from the equator to the poles. Global air currents create wet and dry zones at different latitudes. They also create global winds. | A: global air currents. |
What term is used to describe the total spread of values in a sample?
Here are the choices:
A. axis
B. range
C. scale
D. variety | Many samples have a lot of variation in measurements. Variation can be described with a statistic called the range. The range is the total spread of values in a sample. It is calculated by subtracting the smallest value from the largest value. | B: range. |
Fermentation—of grains to produce beer, and of fruits to produce wine—is an ancient art that humans in most cultures have practiced for how long?
Here are the choices:
A. decades
B. millennia
C. eons
D. years | Fermentation—of grains to produce beer, and of fruits to produce wine—is an ancient art that humans in most cultures have practiced for millennia. Wild yeasts are acquired from the environment and used to ferment sugars into CO2 and ethyl alcohol under anaerobic conditions. It is now possible to purchase isolated strai... | B: millennia. |
In which direction does water travel?
Here are the choices:
A. northwest
B. backwards
C. uphill
D. downhill | After a heavy rain, you may find puddles of water standing in low spots. The same principle explains why water collects in ponds and lakes. Water travels downhill, so a depression in the ground fills with standing water. A pond is a small body of standing water. A lake is a large body of standing water. Most lakes have... | D: downhill. |
The largest population size that can be supported in an area without harming the environment is referred to as what?
Here are the choices:
A. containing capacity
B. population density
C. population shift
D. carrying capacity | At what population size does growth start to slow in the logistic model of growth? That depends on the population’s carrying capacity (see Figure above ). The carrying capacity (K) is the largest population size that can be supported in an area without harming the environment. Population growth hits a ceiling at that s... | D: carrying capacity. |
What are the smallest particles of elements that maintain their unique properties?
Here are the choices:
A. atoms
B. molecules
C. electrons
D. protons | A: The discovery of particles smaller than atoms doesn’t mean that we should scrap the entire theory. Atoms are still known to be the smallest particles of elements that have the properties of the elements. Also, it is atoms—not particles of atoms—that combine in fixed proportions in compounds. Instead of throwing out ... | A: atoms. |
Where does the christmas tree worm live?
Here are the choices:
A. Atlantic shoreline
B. tropical coral reefs
C. rainforests
D. northeast coral reefs | It is actually the Yellow Christmas tree worm. These animals are colorful, and can be red, orange, yellow, blue, and white. The Christmas tree worm lives on tropical coral reefs throughout the world. The Christmas tree worm's plumes are used for feeding and respiration. These worms use their plumes to catch plankton an... | B: tropical coral reefs. |
What are biomes that occur where a river, a source of fresh water, meets the ocean called?
Here are the choices:
A. sediments
B. estuaries
C. waterways
D. rapids | Estuaries: Where the Ocean Meets Fresh Water Estuaries are biomes that occur where a river, a source of fresh water, meets the ocean. Therefore, both fresh water and salt water are found in the same vicinity; mixing results in a diluted (brackish) salt water. Estuaries form protected areas where many of the offspring o... | B: estuaries. |
What continuously monitors and repairs its genetic material?
Here are the choices:
A. cells
B. ova
C. nucleolus
D. proteins | A: cells. | |
What are the large segments of the earth’s crust that ordinarily move very slowly?
Here are the choices:
A. distinct plates
B. ocean plates
C. lava plates
D. tectonic plates | Tectonic plates are large segments of the Earth’s crust that move slowly. Suppose that one such plate has an average speed of 4.0 cm/year. (a) What distance does it move in 1 s at this speed? (b) What is its speed in kilometers per million years? 10. (a) Refer to Table 1.3 to determine the average distance between the ... | D: tectonic plates. |
Which process causes rocks at the earth's surface to change form?
Here are the choices:
A. weathering
B. bleaching
C. remodeling
D. eroding | Weathering changes solid rock into sediments. Sediments are different sizes of rock particles. Boulders are sediments; so is gravel. At the other end, silt and clay are also sediments. Weathering causes rocks at the Earth’s surface to change form. The new minerals that form are stable at the Earth’s surface. | A: weathering. |
Chemical reactions always involve energy. when methane burns, for example, it releases energy in the form of what?
Here are the choices:
A. heat and movement
B. light and sound
C. heat and light
D. movement and light | Chemical reactions always involve energy. When methane burns, for example, it releases energy in the form of heat and light. Other chemical reactions absorb energy rather than release it. | C: heat and light. |
Alzheimers disease is associated with memory loss in what group of people?
Here are the choices:
A. juveniles
B. immigrants
C. prehistoric
D. elderly | One useful application of PET scanning is in the diagnosis of Alzheimer’s disease. This debilitating condition associated with memory loss primarily occurs in elderly individuals. A protein known as beta-amyloid gradually forms deposits, or plaques, in the brain. Severe memory loss and impaired movement appear to be di... | D: elderly. |
What global cycle takes place on, above, and below earth’s surface?
Here are the choices:
A. aqua cycle
B. water cycle
C. water flow
D. water wheel | Water on Earth is billions of years old. However, individual water molecules keep moving through the water cycle. The water cycle is a global cycle. It takes place on, above, and below Earth’s surface, as shown in Figure below . | B: water cycle. |
Why are two different minerals considered different though they have the same chemical composition?
Here are the choices:
A. different molecular structures
B. different crystal structures
C. different linear structures
D. different rods structures | Sometimes two different minerals have the same chemical composition. But they are different minerals because they have different crystal structures. Diamonds are very valuable as gemstones because they are very pretty and very hard. Graphite is the “lead” in pencils. It's not hard at all! Amazingly, both are made just ... | B: different crystal structures. |
What type of mapping is critical for identifying the location of genes that cause genetic diseases?
Here are the choices:
A. interaction mapping
B. chemical mapping
C. linkage mapping
D. diagnostic mapping | Determining recombination frequencies between genes located on the same chromosome allows a linkage map to be developed. Linkage mapping is critical for identifying the location of genes that cause genetic diseases. | C: linkage mapping. |
When menstrual periods become less frequent and finally cease; this is called?
Here are the choices:
A. metabolic
B. climax
C. hormonal imbalance
D. menopause | Which of the following statements about the menstrual cycle is false? a. Progesterone levels rise during the luteal phase of the ovarian cycle and the secretory phase of the uterine cycle. Menstruation occurs just after LH and FSH levels peak. Menstruation occurs after progesterone levels drop. Estrogen levels rise bef... | D: menopause. |
What blood protein carries oxygen from the lungs to cells throughout the body?
Here are the choices:
A. platelets
B. dopamine
C. plasma
D. hemoglobin | The blood protein hemoglobin binds with oxygen and carries it from the lungs to cells throughout the body. Heme is a small molecule containing iron that is part of the larger hemoglobin molecule. Oxygen binds to the iron in heme. | D: hemoglobin. |
What is the most abundant element in the universe?
Here are the choices:
A. oxygen
B. hydrogen
C. helium
D. fluoride | Summary By far the most abundant element in the universe is hydrogen. The fusion of hydrogen nuclei to form helium nuclei is the major process that fuels young stars such as the sun. Elements heavier than helium are formed from hydrogen and helium in the interiors of stars. Successive fusion reactions of helium nuclei ... | B: hydrogen. |
The product of a system’s mass multiplied by its velocity is called what?
Here are the choices:
A. horizontal momentum
B. magnetic momentum
C. variation momentum
D. linear momentum | 8.1 Linear Momentum and Force Linear Momentum The scientific definition of linear momentum is consistent with most people’s intuitive understanding of momentum: a large, fastmoving object has greater momentum than a smaller, slower object. Linear momentum is defined as the product of a system’s mass multiplied by its v... | D: linear momentum. |
In response to changing environmental conditions, prokaryotic populations can undergo what process in short periods of time?
Here are the choices:
A. fusion
B. evolution
C. reproduction
D. extinction | B: evolution. | |
What term means the time in which half of the original number of radioactive nuclei in a sample decay?
Here are the choices:
A. quarter-life
B. partial-life
C. reduced life
D. half-life | Half-Life Why use a term like half-life rather than lifetime? The answer can be found by examining Figure 31.21, which shows how the number of radioactive nuclei in a sample decreases with time. The time in which half of the original number of nuclei decay is defined as the half-life, t 1 / 2 . Half of the remaining nu... | D: half-life. |
What is a shortage of water that causes the soil to dry from the surface down called?
Here are the choices:
A. overflowage
B. drought
C. flood
D. tidal wave | B: drought. | |
What are are segmented invertebrates in phylum annelida called?
Here are the choices:
A. flatworms
B. annelids
C. corals
D. fungi | Annelids are segmented invertebrates in Phylum Annelida. They include earthworms, polychaete worms, and leeches. Annelids have a coelom and several organ systems. Their body segments may have a variety of different structures such as tentacles or suckers. Annelids may be predators, parasites, filter feeders, or decompo... | B: annelids. |
What is the connection between the two hemispheres of the brain called?
Here are the choices:
A. corpus callosum
B. cerebral cortex
C. spinal cord
D. cranial septum | Left Brain, Right Brain Popular media often refer to right-brained and left-brained people, as if the brain were two independent halves that work differently for different people. This is a popular misinterpretation of an important neurological phenomenon. As an extreme measure to deal with a debilitating condition, th... | A: corpus callosum. |
Banging on a drum is an example of which type of energy?
Here are the choices:
A. mechanical
B. molecular
C. potential
D. solar. | A: mechanical. | |
What do microbes use to make food?
Here are the choices:
A. chemicals
B. sunlight
C. nitrogen
D. plants | Microbes use chemicals to make food. The chemicals pour out of a crack on the ocean floor at a mid-ocean ridge. What consumers live in this ecosystem?. | A: chemicals. |
Space telescopes avoid such problems completely since they orbit outside the what?
Here are the choices:
A. earth's crust
B. atmosphere
C. galaxy
D. ozone layer | Telescopes on Earth all have one big problem: Incoming light must pass through the atmosphere. This blocks some wavelengths of radiation. Also, motion in the atmosphere distorts light. You see this when you see stars twinkling in the night sky. Many observatories are built on high mountains. There is less air above the... | B: atmosphere. |
Tendons connecting the scapula to the humerus form what, which is the circle of tendons around the shoulder joint?
Here are the choices:
A. rotator cuff
B. wrist cuff
C. knee cuff
D. thigh cuff | The rest of the shoulder muscles originate on the scapula. The anatomical and ligamental structure of the shoulder joint and the arrangements of the muscles covering it, allows the arm to carry out different types of movements. The deltoid, the thick muscle that creates the rounded lines of the shoulder is the major ab... | A: rotator cuff. |
The number of particles of a substance in a given volume is known as?
Here are the choices:
A. range
B. concentration
C. mass
D. frequency | Concentration is the number of particles of a substance in a given volume. When the concentration of reactants is higher, the reaction rate is faster. At higher concentrations, particles of reactants are crowded closer together, so they are more likely to collide and react. Did you ever see a sign like the one in Figur... | B: concentration. |
Potential differences from various voltage sources are necessary in order to create electrical fields, which result in what flow of charge?
Here are the choices:
A. output
B. wattage
C. voltage
D. current | 20.2 Ohm’s Law: Resistance and Simple Circuits What drives current? We can think of various devices—such as batteries, generators, wall outlets, and so on—which are necessary to maintain a current. All such devices create a potential difference and are loosely referred to as voltage sources. When a voltage source is co... | D: current. |
What effect is caused by air moving over the earth's surface as it spins?
Here are the choices:
A. mazinho effect
B. pruett effect
C. coriolis effect
D. dopple effect | Earth is spinning as air moves over its surface. This causes the Coriolis effect. Winds blow on a diagonal over the surface, instead of due north or south. From which direction do the northern trade winds blow?. | C: coriolis effect. |
The separation of compounds on the basis of their solubilities in a given solvent is known as what?
Here are the choices:
A. simplest crystallization
B. nuclei crystallization
C. separate crystallization
D. fractional crystallization | Solubility may increase or decrease with temperature; the magnitude of this temperature dependence varies widely among compounds. Notice in particular the curves for NH4NO3 and CaCl2. The dissolution of ammonium nitrate in water is endothermic (ΔHsoln = +25.7 kJ/mol), whereas the dissolution of calcium chloride is exot... | D: fractional crystallization. |
What is the process by which wind blows to make the ground surface gets lower and rockier ?
Here are the choices:
A. stagnation
B. layering
C. inflation
D. deflation | Wind blows small particles away. As a result, the ground surface gets lower and rockier; this is called deflation . The rocks that are left are called desert pavement . Desert pavement is a surface covered by gravel-sized particles that are not easily moved by wind. | D: deflation. |
Because trees add water vapor to air, cutting down forests leads to longer periods of what?
Here are the choices:
A. drought
B. harvest
C. ice
D. flooding | Water shortages are common in much of the world. People are most likely to run short of water during droughts. A drought is a period of unusually low rainfall. Human actions have increased how often droughts occur. One way people can help to bring on drought is by cutting down trees. Trees add a lot of water vapor to t... | A: drought. |
Some sea anemones establish what kind of relationship with hermit crabs by attaching to the crab’s shell?
Here are the choices:
A. predatory
B. parasitic
C. mutualistic
D. pathogenic | The mouth of a sea anemone is surrounded by tentacles that bear cnidocytes. The slit-like mouth opening and pharynx are lined by a groove called a siphonophore. The pharynx is the muscular part of the digestive system that serves to ingest as well as egest food, and may extend for up to two-thirds the length of the bod... | C: mutualistic. |
Prokaryotic cells do not have a nucleus but instead generally have a single chromosome, a piece of double-stranded dna located in an area of the cell called the what?
Here are the choices:
A. lysosome
B. cytoplasm
C. nucleoid
D. spicule | The Prokaryotic Cell Recall that prokaryotes (Figure 22.10) are unicellular organisms that lack organelles or other internal membrane-bound structures. Therefore, they do not have a nucleus but instead generally have a single chromosome—a piece of circular, double-stranded DNA located in an area of the cell called the ... | C: nucleoid. |
What measures a fluid’s resistance to flow?
Here are the choices:
A. elasticity
B. surface tension
C. viscosity
D. density | Viscosity measures a fluid’s resistance to flow – the higher the viscosity, the slower the flow of the material. One factor that affects viscosity is the strength of the intermolecular forces in the material. Molecules that exhibit higher intermolecular forces tend to have higher viscosities. Temperature also influence... | C: viscosity. |
What happens to the wire in a fuse if it's current rating is exceed?
Here are the choices:
A. disappears
B. ignites
C. sparks
D. it melts | The image above is one type of electrical fuse. This fuse has a specially designed wire inside glass housing. The wire inside the glass is made of a particular metal and with a particular thickness to give the wire an exact resistance. This resistance will allow passage of normal current plus a marginal percentage more... | D: it melts. |
Polar climates include polar and which other kind of tundra?
Here are the choices:
A. arid
B. mountains
C. tropic
D. alpine | Polar climates include polar and alpine tundra. Polar Tundra in Northern Alaska (70° N latitude), Alpine Tundra in the Colorado Rockies (40° N latitude). | D: alpine. |
What disease is given as an example of a sex-linked trait?
Here are the choices:
A. arthritis
B. hypertension
C. emphysema
D. hemophilia | Hemophilia is a sex-linked trait. Carrier mothers can pass along the affected allele to 50% of their sons. Females with hemophilia would have to receive an affected allele from each parent, making females with hemophilia rare. | D: hemophilia. |
What type of feeders are earthworms?
Here are the choices:
A. middle
B. deposit
C. top
D. oil | Earthworms are deposit feeders. They burrow through the ground, eating soil and extracting organic matter from it. Earthworm feces, called worm casts, are very rich in plant nutrients. Earthworm burrows help aerate soil, which is also good for plants. | B: deposit. |
What part of the plant is the main site of photosynthesis?
Here are the choices:
A. stem
B. leaf
C. root
D. soil | 30.4 Leaves Leaves are the main site of photosynthesis. A typical leaf consists of a lamina (the broad part of the leaf, also called the blade) and a petiole (the stalk that attaches the leaf to a stem). The arrangement of leaves on a stem, known as phyllotaxy, enables maximum exposure to sunlight. Each plant species h... | B: leaf. |
Aluminosilicates are formed by replacing some of the si atoms in silicates by which atoms?
Here are the choices:
A. fe
B. ce
C. al
D. ad | character increases. Silicates contain anions that consist of only silicon and oxygen. Aluminosilicates are formed by replacing some of the Si atoms in silicates by Al atoms; aluminosilicates with threedimensional framework structures are called zeolites. Nitrides formed by reacting silicon or germanium with nitrogen a... | C: al. |
In a smoke detector, a battery in the electric circuit creates what between the metal plates?
Here are the choices:
A. hydrogen
B. voltage
C. magnetism
D. cooling | Most of us have at least one device in our homes that guards our safety and, at the same time, depends on radioactivity to operate properly. This device is a smoke detector. A typical smoke detector contains an electric circuit that includes two metal plates about 1 cm apart. A battery in the circuit creates a voltage ... | B: voltage. |
Photochemical smog consists mainly of what?
Here are the choices:
A. acid
B. carbon
C. oxygen
D. ozone | Secondary pollutants form from primary pollutants. Many occur as part of photochemical smog . This type of smog is seen as a brown haze in the air. Photochemical smog forms when certain pollutants have a chemical reaction in the presence of sunlight. Photochemical smog consists mainly of ozone (O 3 ). Ozone near the gr... | D: ozone. |
What lizards can change colors based on the color of their surroundings?
Here are the choices:
A. geckos
B. skink
C. Monitor
D. chameleons | D: chameleons. | |
Lipids are organic compounds that consist of carbon, hydrogen, and?
Here are the choices:
A. nitrogen
B. helium
C. oxygen
D. methane | Lipids are organic compounds that consist of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen. They are made up of fatty acids and other compounds. They provide cells with energy, store energy, and help form cell membranes. | C: oxygen. |
What do you call the force a machine applies to an object?
Here are the choices:
A. optimal force
B. premium force
C. output force
D. drop force | When you use a machine, you apply force to the machine. This force is called the input force. The machine, in turn, applies force to an object. This force is called the output force. The output force may or may not be the same as the input force. The force you apply to the machine is applied over a given distance, call... | C: output force. |
In scientific terms, average acceleration is the rate at which what changes?
Here are the choices:
A. volume
B. gravity
C. direction
D. velocity | In everyday conversation, to accelerate means to speed up. The accelerator in a car can in fact cause it to speed up. The greater the acceleration, the greater the change in velocity over a given time. The formal definition of acceleration is consistent with these notions, but more inclusive. Average Acceleration Avera... | D: velocity. |
Some atoms are more stable when they gain or lose an electron and form what?
Here are the choices:
A. molecules
B. ions
C. electrons
D. protons | Ions and Ionic Bonds Some atoms are more stable when they gain or lose an electron (or possibly two) and form ions. This fills their outermost electron shell and makes them energetically more stable. Because the number of electrons does not equal the number of protons, each ion has a net charge. Cations are positive io... | B: ions. |
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